; vv wiakelt® wre Ww noel ~ 77 me . ’ ‘ , ” *: id eS a wty'es towel! er nary wee ty eetiied 7 rn Tow" y ot “e+? . Pe PYOUVT IE SO Swe WONT ee eas TeV www ve . vee ad ba ’ 5 ave ie a - ee ded teal ve tt see pera eeala te atetyhvsliae ~ — . ; not ee , - be oy |, hal ale) Adel | cae ene to an MT Tid eee Pree Eb yy OU soem ea eoevgee .. R Wor iy Vie Ww 1 Ane q pw view’ eta ae iv Gi : Pots te Hyl ace t Onya o° Me erent rennet alt “sweat seer e! -* ELL We ALES EEee eee ving Ned iiog, Llanes Th euvey! ies myuntttegse,. Rye’'g #yig Hdtv, RECT UR mi Sehaneerr veneer ive Sas ' VW hh 4 fi Aivaagitt My EE Wiyagyin' meet oN ve sl eiasaneceeete rae tw: 2) sv air* | ve. aa Aarne ile “wyte meee - Wires ciive “6k Meee ae Mat SS anpngernd www N Sue Vane y ef *7 Puyo) hl) Ry uate yin 2! y FO] 2 Fy THE ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. INCLUDING ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, ann GEOLOGY. (BEING A CONTINUATION OF TILF ‘ANNALS’ COMBINED WITIT LOUDON AND CHARLUSWORTH’S ‘ MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.’ ) CONDUCTED BY WILLIAM CARRUTHERS, Ph.D., F.B.S., F.L.S., F.G:S., SIR ARTHUR E. SHIPLEY, G.B.E., M.A., Sc.D., F.R.S., AND RICHARD T. FRANCIS, F.Z.S. “4 a en Oa nea AneOntan instis,, \ ") A 2545/7 \ tions seu a VOL. V.—NINTH SERIES. PLS ODS LONDON: PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, SOLD BY BAILLIERE, PARIS: AND HODGES, FIGGIS, AND CO., DUBLIN. 1920. “Omnes res creat sunt divine sapientiz et potenti testes, divitia felicitatis humane :—ex harum usu bonitas Creatoris; ex pulchritudine sapientia Domini; ®x economia in conseryatione, proportione, renovatione, potentia majestatis elucet. Harum itaque indagatio ab hominibus sibi relictis semper estimata ; a veré eruditis et sapientibus semper exculta; malé doctis et barbaris semper inimica fuit.”—Linnaus. Quel que soit le principe de la vie animale, il ne faut quwouvrir les yeux pour voir qu’elle est le chef-d’ceuvre de la Toute-puissance, et le but auquel se rappor- tent toutes ses opérations.”—Bruckner, Théorie du Systéme Animal, Leyden, 1767. cts ee ee ee ©. ~ The sylvan powers Obey our summons; from their deepest dells The Dryads come, and throw their garlands wild And odorous branches at our feet; the Nymphs That press with nimble step the mountain-thyme And purple heath-flower come not empty-handed, But scatter round ten thousand forms minute Of velvet moss or lichen, torn from rock Or rifted oak or cavern deep: the Naiads too Quit their loved native stream, from whose smooth face They crop the lily, and each sedge and rush That drinks the rippling tide: the frozen poles, Where peril waits the bold adventurer’s tread, The burning sands of Borneo and Cayenne, All, all to us unlock their secret stores And pay their cheerful tribute. J. Taytor, Norwich, 1818. ALERE § FLAMMAM, CONTENTS OF VOL, Y. [NINTH SERIES. ] NUMBER 25, Page TI. Notes on Myriapoda.—XX. Luminous Chilopoda, with Special Reference to Geophilus carpophagus, Leach. By Hitpa K. Brape- Brrrs, M.Se., M.B., Ch.B., L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., and the Rev. S. GRaHAM BraDE-Binks, M.Sc. (Plates I. & I.) ............00.- i II. Two new Species of Sylvilagus from Colombia. By OLpFIELD oI: 505.0" ne ae Sale rateh esas 6. ciMiertataraisl aj aii \avwiat che ahs, ofc bce ga aly A Rw das 31 ~/ II. The Classification of the Fishes of the Family Cichlide.— I, The Tanganyika Genera. By C. Tare Reean, M.A., F.RS. ., 33 IV. New or little-known Tipulide (Diptera)—I. Kthiopian Species. By Cuartes P. ALexanpER, Ph.D., Urbana, Llinois, MU DA tate eet epee eh Peete kes Gel alee, Be olathe sels, @herele «Wa vies We yeas 53 V. A new Crab of the Genus Sesarma from Basra. By W. T. SEAMEN Bie DUGY ) oe accra vials es aie c's" ere 1a aleidiels Sonoma toc.cr t 6, CAE 62 VI. The Cirripede Genus Stramentum (Loricula): its History and Structure. By THomas H. Wiruers, F.G.S. (Plates ILI. CANO a REA RR BE oie eee eee ea 65 VII. On Indo-Chinese Hymenoptera collected by R. Vitalis de Salvaza.—IV. By Rowxianp EK. Turner, F.ZS., FES. ........ 84 VIII. Sur quelques Trechine [ Coleoptera, Carabide} du British eNpounNs dearityc MANNED cocoa e's cde eblerd cass sarees nisiass 98 IX. Descriptions and Records of Bees—LXXXVII. By T. D. A. Cocenett; University of Ualoridan Siac ile sn ecco c so ay dic X. A new Shrew and Two new Foxes from Asia Minor and Palesind by OLURinLD “EHOMAB Sc ccctece sss sens seus vs ewe es 119 lV CONTENTS. Pago XI. Descriptions of Two new Frogs from Brazil. By G. A. BOULENG@ER, FURS. BeZ.Sii i. clea o's 0 + 00.5 2 aye a eee lata, ee 122 XIL. Protoscolex latus, anew ‘* Worm” from Lower Ludlow Beds. By F. A. Batuer, F.R.S...... 4 sa suse cs win Bis 0 9 bn eas R RENE ees fe 124 XIII. On a new Commensal Prawn. By L. A. Borrapatir, MEN his aia ars ange fim SETS ec. AE ats Bice pi he eC RC See oe 132 XIV. A Description of the Copepod Cylindropsyllus brevicornis, Van Douwe, and of a new Species of D’ Arcythompsonia, Scott. By Robert GURNEY, MA. “(Bigtes Vi Viniby 20 ,.laastttiy scene Race 134 XV. The Generic Positions of “ Mus” nigricauda, Thos., and woosnamt, Schwann. By OLDFIELD THOMAS ...........00e000- 140 XVI. A new Taphozous from the Sudan. By OLpFretp Tuomas, 142 XVII. A new Marmoset ‘from the Peruvian Amazons. By Oxp- HURLD EEOMAS "5 /oe ys o's cee ea eater 8 ey oaa ates Cages eee aie aati e ee Ree 144 XVIII. Note on Two new Species of Fossil Tortoises. By C. W. ANDREW s, D.Sc., F.R.S. (British Museum, Natural History)...... 145 XIX. Notes on the Ichnewmonide in the British Museum.—III. On a new Tasmanian Species. By Rowtanp E. Turner, F.Z.S., 1 ALE Rae Serer itae hr ser eee ey POT e ite omens aoa te eth 150 XX. A new Cichlid Fish of the Genus Limnochromis from nee Tanganyike, (By O, Tare Rrean, MAL PRs. oc... oso ke cakes 152 NUMBER 26. XXI. Further Notes on the Fabrician Types of Heteromera (Coleoptera) in the Banks Collection. By K. G. Buarr, L.Sc., OR DE Sea Wei On era ey | Mier i rer ee eerie es uy Ale 153 XXII. A Revision of the African Cichlid Fishes of the Genus ‘ylochromis. By C. Tats Reean, M.A.) FRB... ee. 163 XXIII. Notes on the Astlide: Sub-division Asiline. By Grr- ERM AYAS ARTO ARDIO 080 oo. Co idre wm wlsione: whe in lela op > SM TSEEI 6 i0'sius ae tes ee 169 XXIV. Some Notes on Babirussa. By OLpDFIELD THoMas .... 185 XXV. A Further Collection of Mammals from Jujuy. By Oup- FIELD THOMAS XXVI. A new Species of Vellivora from Somaliland. By R. C. WroveuTon and Major R. H. CHEESMAN........0.:cceees sens 197 CONTENTS, vi Page XXVITI. Notes on Myriapoda.—X XI. Colobognatha, an Order of Diplopoda (Millipedes) new to Britain, represented by Polyzoniwm germanicum (Brandt). By the Rev. 8. Granam BrapxE-Birks, M.Se., Lecturer in Zoology and Geology, 8.E. Agricultural College, Wve teat | is ooies ce aeie PRP israel see eral taitt oan hiahertae ib artless XXVIII. Note on the Freshwater Isopods known as Asedlus aquaticus. By Cuas, Cuttton, M.A., D.Se., M.B., C.M., LL.D., C.M.Z.S., F.L.S.,:Professor of Biology, Canterbury College, New POMBUE. . Ge waned w tualaiwuth Gon mace Sot vats area bia, sina a(sichy all 200 XXIX. On anew Tentaculate Cestode. By Franx E. Bepparp, Dae see eg Eaetag Saline etude. ae. wm sai sles edie tao eo! Hate Rleie ore a ace 203 Proceedings of the Geological Society.......... ier arate: soareartieharera. es 207 NUMBER 27. XXX. Notes on the Asilide: Sub-division Asiline. By Grr- Ei UME MEMO Seat SAGE G rok oie oe enn Cn ewe wae ae 0 Ee .. 209 XXXI. On some Freshwater Fossils from Central South Africa. By i. oon Newron, 8:G.5.(Blate VITE) 2... case acace 241 XXXII. On the Geographical Distribution of the Genus Anomis, Hiibner (Lineopalpa auctorum), a Noctuid of the Family Gono- pteride. By Colonel C. Swinuor, M.A., F.L.S., &c. (Plates DO it at eat eat a Mal erate, oACPa eae 3b HO ond arakel sabia sof? 250 XXXIII. The Cirripede Subgenus Serllelepas; its Probable Occurrence in the Jurassic Rocks (S. gavey?, sp. n.). By THomas i rece e Creat (tne) PLE) an cc wralenerer ae be pa ara e's 2 too tere 258 XXXIV. Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera.—X L. On new Species in the British Museum. By Row.anp E. Turner, F.Z.5., FES. . 265 XXXV. Pholidocidaris anceps: a Correction. By F. A. BATHER, ea aetna id a b/s via nas Seder. pei aas tes BRL OR cat or st eo Uirtin ok ooo G8 RG 271 XXXVI. Fossil Arthropods in the Buaitish Museum.—I. By TODA. COCKERELE, University of Coloradon®. «ic donee ences. 273 XXXVII. A new Three-tved Jerboa from China. By ArTHUR DE CaRLE SowrFrRBY, F.Z.S., F.R.G.S. ....... seer a are ni Xecaceia Sah 279 XXXVIII. Descriptions of a new Gecko and a new Snake from Sumatra. By G. A.BouLEncer, FRG. 1.1... cece eee nee 281 XXXIX. Two new Asiatic Bats of the Genus Tadarida and 283 Dyacopterus. By OLDFIELD THOMAS ... cece eens cess tenes al CONTENTS. Page XL. New Moths in the Joicey Collection. By Louis B. Prout, DB PUSS: dataldil ew ciabe shee atone sete ne eremesees wi ie:d Shae gta erste 9 ec asiae OO XLI. Odonata collected in Mesopotamia by the late Major R. Brewitt-Taylor, R.A.M.C. By Kenneto J. Morron, F.E.S. Sp Oe Ns 88) SAR ory Scr of Soe Re Re eee meyer ene eae seassiie 293 XLII. Four new Squirrels of the Genus Tamiops. By OLDFIELD AESLOMEND HEADS an cles a's os Osi de state fs \erig Caatere a foie eb win Nes 304 XLII. The Subspecies of Paraverus flavivittis, Peters. By Ma eet ALC, BIN tOn yi Be APPAR oe Meee Lak a latate te het 308 XLIV. Three new Subspecies of Spalax monticola. By Marvin ei, EDENTON yi. sss Meise Sena ahaa tog ences ose teeaeaee . 312 NUMBER 28, XLV. A List of the Endomychid Coleoptera of Indo-China, with Descriptions of new Species. By Gitsert J. Arrow, F.Z.S., DiS BU Sic cs ales apt aieiata cokes ed wae mei Sl a ey Meg cairn 2 321 XLVI. Cicadide from Indo-China. By W. L. Distant ...... 336 XLVII. New or little-known Tipulide (Diptera).—II. Ethiopian Species. By Cuartes P. ALEXANDER, Ph.D., Urbana, Illinois, TOSSA iiss ore erie = visiotae sin peels hook? cacgeceie tein ee ke eee ee 337 XLVIII. Notes on certain British Freshwater Entomostraca. By ROpERT Gunny MOA. se eee ee aiieilaelelc Sauer cig ihn sTeiaanecunaemyetee 351 XLIX. On Neotropical Bats of the Genus Eptesicus. By Oupv- FIELDERHOMAS. “2553's. keen eee soe 2 ols vo a 9 ie Se ee 360 L. On the Group of African Zorils represented by Zctonyx libyca. By OLpFIELD THomas and Martin A. C. Hinton ........... Pap 2 LI. Some undescribed Ethiopian Cicadide. By W. L. Distant. 369 NUMBER 29, LIT. Noteson the Asilide: Subdivision Asiling. By Grrrruvr FELCAREDO 1) oth iaeig's w'v'o'n!s vin aelelo'n’n'e G4 5 Sere ah eee ages ae 377 LIII. On some Eastern Xylophilids [Coleoptera]. By G. C. CHAMPION; F.Z.8, .05.'.. abit lee Cites ie MERRIE Eat ine note ai zhee eee 393 Cephalodiscus. ‘By W. G. Kipewoov, D.Se.....26.....0.0 000 407 CONTENTS, Vil Page LV. Observations on the Genus Crassicauda. By H. A. Bays, LU otes Ge COORBBRE ICS 2 cic8ec¢,< CCA SMI gr rr ca aCe nEa De 410 LVI. Freshwater Fishes from Madagascar. ByC. TatE Reean, Me one's «5 6s Satan Maman ens Sateus A vl seh ts 419 LVII. On the Anatomy of Paludestrina jenkinsi. By G. C, Hanson, DAs (Plate KV.) venctem craw tends wae y Ss Ree ates 425 LVIIT. A new Trichocera from Siberia (Diptera Polyneura). By MY ee aE WEA FOU ae eich hie eg die setae ers vies SCENIC GE 431 NUMBER 30. LIX. Notes on the Asilide: Sub-division Asiline. By Grr- PRUE IICARDO e'. ees cicct es cine velgcessanescneweweaNen cece eee 433 LX. Papers on Oriental Carabide.—IV. By H. E. ANDREWEs . 445 LXI. Fossil Arthropods in the British Museum.—II. By T.D. A. CocKERELL, University of Colorado. (Plate XVI.) ........eee 455 LXII. The Irish Otter. By Martin A.C. HINTON .......0.. 464 LXIII. New or little-known Tipulide (Diptera),—III. Ethiopian Species. By Cuartes P. ALEXANDER, Ph.D., Urbana, Illinois, TE cites) sin sntoreroxr?ele: Sarwar /slaretas e's Degen e oat « ots yrawinapcaswen t 465 LXIV. New Species of Reithrodon, Abrocoma, and Scapteromys from Argentina. By OLDFIELD THOMAS ........sesseeeee oh otee, eh LXV. Preliminary Descriptions of some new Species and Sub- species of Indo-Malayan Sphingide. By Lord Roruscuiwp, F.R.S. 479 Proceedings of the Geological Society....... SET Gee sgrte ce eels ee ». 483 Index eeeeveeeeesesen peoseveorseeeeeeervressevseesneeeereaesevesere 485 PLATES IN VOL. V. saat Geophilus carpophagus. III, Stramentum pulchellum. IV. Stramentum haworthi. a Horsiella brevicornis (Van Douwe). VII. D’Arcythompsonia scotti, sp. 0. VILL. Gastropod and Charophyte remains from Central South Africa. x! Pr Species of Anomis, Hiibner. AL. XIII. Stramentum and Scilleelepas. XIV. Genitalia of Crocothemis. XV. Paludestrina jenkinsi. XVI. Fossil Arthropods. Po THEANNALS MAGAZINE, OF NATURAL HISTORY, - Z00LOGY, BOGAN, : "AND GEOLOGY. toes - CONDUCTED BY “WILLIAM. CARR UTHERS, Pu. Db. ER, S., Yr. LL. oy, ag ARTHUR i SHIPLEY, M.A. 'Be. Re FE RSs ZS x AND RICHARD - FRANCIS, S, F. é 8. He “BEING A CONTINUATION or ‘Vie “ANNALS” coMpinuy WHI MESSRS. LOUDON AND CHARI. ESW ORTH’ MAGAZINE, OF NATURAL ‘WISTORY.” ae LONDON: “pee _ patton AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, BA LEY stews, yea Bailie Paris: ae d Hodges Figgis,. & ae + Dublia, ay ‘Vo.5. - NINTH SERIES. No. 25. WATKINS & DONCASTER, Raturalists, Keep in stock every kind of APPARATUS and CABINETS required by ENTOMOLOGISTS, ORNITH- OLOGISTS, BOTANISTS, &c. Also NESTING-BOXES, which should be fixed up in gardens or ‘shrubberies rc before the breeding Season. 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COLLINS, 32 Birgharet Road, , Croydon, a THE ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. (NINTE SERIES.) sep aseeseareatsises per litoraspargite muscum, Naiades, et circiim vitreos considite fontes: Pollice virgineo teneros hic carpite flores: Floribus et pictum. dive, replete canistrum. ee At vos, o Nymphe Craterides, ite sub undas ; Se groson Ite, recurvato variata corallia trunco i Vellite muscosis e rupibus, et mihi conchas. Ferte, Dea pelagi, et pingui conchylia succo.”’ IANIL OC N. Purthenii Giunnettusi, Eoli 1. SAIN CO , No. 25. JANUARY 1920. one) muse” I. — Notes on Myriapoda.— XX. Luminous Chilopoda, with Special Reference to Geophilus carpophagus, Leach. By Hivpa K. Brape-Brrxs, M.Sc., M.B., Ch.B., L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., and the Rev. S. Granam Brape-Birks, M.Sc. [Plates I. & II.] In two previous papers, (1) and (2), we have referred to the subject of light-production in centipedes ; we are now able to discuss the phenomenon from first-hand observation, but, at the same time, we think it advisable to begin our con- sideration of this engrossing subject by a review indicating the main lines of previous knowledge concerning it. Especially does this course seem advisable when we re- member how little has been written in English about phosphorescent centipedes. I, Review. The four classes unnaturally, but conveniently, grouped under the name “ Myriapoda” are: (i.) Diplopoda [ =mille- pedes], (i1.) Chilopoda [ =centipedes], (iii.) Pauropoda, and (iv.) Symphyla. With a case or two where millepedes Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. v. 1 2 Dr. & the Rev. S. Graham Brade-Birks— have been recorded as luminous we are not now concerned, aud pauropods aud symphyles are not known to produce light. Among the centipedes, which have some affinities with insects, only one great group—the Geophilomorpha— is known to exhibit the,phenomenon with which the present study deals. The elongate body of a Geop! tilomorph (fig. 1) consists of a head anda large number of sulbsimilar segments, each but the last of which bears a pair of walking legs, Each leg-bearing segment is more or less flattened dorsally, ventrally, and laterally, the dorsal and ventral surfaces + Bio, Ae cl eae ol sy ante a ‘i Geophilus carpophagus, Leach, g, X 5:0, collected at Darwen, Lancashire, July 1919, H. K. B.-B. ad nat. del. being subequal and wider than the lateral surfaces. The legs arise from the external margins of the ventral surface, and the stigmata, or breathing-pores, are found on the lateral surfaces. The integument of each segment is supported by aseries of chitinous plates, some of which have been used by M. Henry W. Brélemann (3), the eminent French myriapodologist, for purposes of classification. Characteristically the ventral surface possesses one median unpaired plate (the sternite), and the dorsal surface has two unpaired plates (a posterior tergite and an anterior pre- tergitc). In front of the sternite is a pair of plates (the presternal plates), which in certain cases meet and fuse in Notes on Myriapoda, 3 the middle line to form a single presternite. In addition to the plates already mentioned, there is a series of varying number and arrangement, which forms the eupleurium. For purposes of comparison, Brélemann has numbered the rows of these plates in the following way :— The row which includes the stigmata-bearing plate is designated by the number 1; the episternal row, the row nearest to the sternite, is 2; 3 is the row next below 1; 4 is next to 2 and consequently just above the legs, 5 is the row between 3 and 4, ‘Then, since each row is theoretically composed of three sclerites, each plate is indicated by an index-letter: the anterior sclerite is designated by the index a, the middle one by 8, and the posterior one by y (fig. 2). Thalthybius microcephalus. Integumentary sclerites displayed. st 55., sternite of the fifty-fifth trunk-segment; pst., presternite ; tg, ter- gite; ptg, pretergite; the other lettering is explained in the text. This animal has a complete eupleurium, consisting of five rows with every element represented. J. W. Smith & 8. G. B.-B. phot.-del. [After Brélemann, (3) p. 313, fig. 1.] Brélemann (3) points out that in all Geophilomorphs row 1 is constant, except that in some cases the sclerites are independent, while in others (Oryinz) the presclerite « may be fused with the stigmatiferous sclerite 8. Row 2 is equally constant ; only a single case is known (Trematorya) where the presclerite is ae: Only rarely are they complete, more often one or other of the three rows is incomplete and is only represented by two sclerites or even only by a single one, or again one of the rows may even be completely wanting. The sternite is often pierced by a number of minute circular perforations, which are collectively known as the 1* 4 De & the Rev. 8. Graham Brade-Birks— pore-field. Similar openings are sometimes visible on the episternal plates before and behind the legs (2 8 and 2¥). Internally Geophilomorphs present the characteristic features of the arthropod body, little but the integumentary glands calling for special notice here. These glands are not easy to study and our knowledge of them is, as yet, imper- fect. Verhoeff (12), pp. 33 e¢ seqq., has dealt with them in a passage which we have translated as follows :— “Sternal glands occur in most Geophilids*, but there is great variety in their arrangement. Sometimes, and most frequently, they are present as isolated glands, sometimes they are found in loose clusters, sometimes in dense groups. In the last case their openings. form a pore-field, which generally lies in the middle of the sternite and is sometimes surrounded by a chitinous border. When the pores and glands are arranged in a dense group, scattered glands often occur too. ‘The loose clusters are not infrequently found in pairs posteriorly, and often in two pairs in the four corners as well. Nor is the distribution of the sternal glands by any means always the same on all the ventral plates of one species ; much more usually a great. difference is noticeable between the anterio-posterior parts and the middle. Some- times only the most anterior of the sternal plates have gland- groups (Schendyla, as a rule), and less usually only those of the posterior end of the body have them. More frequently it happens that a band-like group of glands is found on the anterior segments at the posterior edges of the ventral plates (Geophilus, in some cases), and in those imstances there is a division of the giands into twe parts in the case of the plates of the mid-trunk, and perhaps in those of the posterior segments too. The isolated glands of the ventral plate empty independently to the outside. ‘These cells are distinctly elongate and have the nucleus in the region of the inner end, ‘Their contraction is caused by muscle-fibres (plate v. fig. 9, fm.t), which are placed around the isolated glands and may ramify and exhibit transverse striations (Duboseq). The glandular fluid #s of very varying colour : in Himantarium gabrielis it is rose-red, so that if anything irritates an individual of this species it becomes covered on the ventral surface with a row of rose-red droplets. In other Geophilids, e.g. Chetechelyne, the finid is more watery and clear. Moreover, it is these ventral glands which cause the phosphorescence of certain Geophilids, but it has, of * I. e., Geophilomorphs, similarly, in some other places in this review. + This is reproduced as our fig. 3, g. v: Notes on Myriapots. 5 course, not yet been decided whether the fluid itself or light- bacteria cause the luminosity. Certainly this much is established, that forms which have been taken luminescent like Scolioplanes crassipes only exhibit this property excep- tionally. The luminescence is not of long duration and, according to Duboscegq, is particularly noticeable in spring.” In the closing section of the same work, Verhoeff (12) deals with the subject of luminosity itself. He mentions the following species as luminous forms, with a reservation concerning the certainty of correct diagnosis of the species of Geophilus included in the list :— Scolioplanes crassipes (C. li. Koch). Geophilus electricus (L.). G. longicornis, Leach. Orphneus brevitabiatus (Newport). Stigmatogaster subterraneus (Shaw). Orya barbarica (Gervais). Verhoeff, whose remarks we had better consider briefly here, then reviews some of the observations and suggestions of the earlier workers and adds a few of his own, One opinion of Dubois, that the luminous substance is to be found in the epithelial cells of the alimentary canal, and that of Macé, that it occurs in anal and coxo-pleural glands, he negatives. He mentions that Gazagnaire, who, he says, pointed out the suitability of Orya barbarica for an enquiry into light-production, saw on the sternite and pro- and meta- coxa a viscous yellowish mass coming out of the glands and spreading over this region with the emission of a blue-green light. Pressure increased the flow. Next he states that Gazagnaire and Dubois show that both the sexes are lumi- nous in Orya and Scolioplanes, and, since all the specimens of Orya investigated by Gazagnaire exhibited luminosity, Verhoeff concludes that either all Orya are luminous or that, at least, luminosity occurs in all individuals at some special time. Verhoeff has made some investigations himself regarding Scolioplanes, and he considers it proved that these are by no means always luminous. Verhoeff had never observed Geophilus longicornis luminous... He speaks of Dubois’ experience of Scolioplanes crassipes in fields near Heidelberg. Luminous material was transferred to the fingers and the light emitted was so bright that printing or figures could be made out 10 paces away; the luminous tracks left behind by Scolioplanes consisted of little irregular masses covered by a sticky substance. Dubois’ statement that the luminous material was only discharged from the 6 Dr. & the Rev. SaGraliam Brade-Birks— posterior end of the body is taken by Verhoeff to be an erroneous observation. From the fact that Dubois did not find all Scolioplanes luminous, Verhoeff thought that the best explanation would be that the sternal glands were infested with luminous bacteria. He adds that Dubois asserted that Scolioplanes illuminated the whole body with the exception of the head, but the anterior and posterior parts of the trunk most strongly and persistently. In a more weakly luminous condition there was a correspondence between the light and the situation and extent of the Fig. 3. Chatechelyne vesuviana, Gland-group of one of the pore-fields of the ventral plates seen in section, eg, gland-cell; fm, muscle-fibre. J. W. Smith & 8. G. B.-B. phot.-del. (From Verhoeff, (12) pl. v. fig. 9, with some lettering omitted, after Duboscq. | alimentary canal. In mentioning a subsequent assertion of Dubois that Scolioplanes cau illuminate without any appreciable * giving up of a secretion and the same author’s query as to whether the luminosity of the whole middle line of the body would be pronounced if the luminous substance arose from skin-glands, Verhoeff points out that a distri- bution of glands over aimost all the sternites would be * “ohne irgend ein Secret abzugeben.” Notes on Myriapoda. + closely parallel to the alimentary canal and might, on lighting, look as though the luminosity came from the gut. He suggests that if the luminosity occurs within the glands or their reservoirs, without excretion, then the fairly thin chitinous exoskeleton would let the light shine through it. Verhoeff accompanies his description of this phenomenon with two text-figures of the sternal glands which occur in most Geophilomorphs (figs. 4 and 5), and refers the reader Chetechelyne vesuviana. Fig. 4.—Sternal gland-group as figured by- Verhoeff, (12) p. 312, after Duboseq. , the disk which opens on to the pore-field ; @, anterior ; p, posterior elements; J, suspensory attachment, J. W. Smith & 8. G. B.-B. phot.-del. Fig. 5.--An isolated cell from the gland-group, x 900, as figured by Verhoeff, (12) p. 312, after Duboscq. xy, nucleus of the cell; r, cell-network ; na, nucleus of the eland-alveolus ; fm, muscle-fibre. J. W. Smith & 8. G. B.-B. phot.-del. to his plate v. figs. 6, 7, & 9 (this last is our fig. 3), while in a footnote, adding a remark that the cause of luminosity is unknown, he mentions bacteria again as a possible cause, and also quotes Gadeau de Kerville’s opinion that an ex- clusively chemico-physical incidence may be a more or less sufficient explanation. He also points out that it is not at all clear why one species illuminates and others nearly related do not. We must next direct attention to a paper by Gazagnaire (10), with which Verhoeff does not appear to have been 8 Dr. & the Rev. S. Graham Brade-Birks— familiar when he wrote his work on Chilopoda (12). Gazag- naire, who mentions the publications of a number of earlier authors asks two questions: Among Geophilide which produce light, is it possible to determine more or less precisely a special time at which luminosity occurs? Can we discover something of a physiological process in connec- tion with its production ? Gazagnaire dwells upon the difficulty of the whole subject, and tabulates a number of observations to show that Geophilomorphs have been seen in a lighting condition by various European observers between the end of September and the first fortnight of November, and on the strength of these observations he concludes that ‘‘ among the photogenic Geophilide, the property of emitting light only manifests itself at a definite period of their existence, a period which, for our European species, can be limited between the end of ae and the first fortnight of November.’’ Gazagnaire goes on to comment upon the fact tus luminous centipedes have often been noticed two or more near together, and when these have been determined they have seldom been found to be all of one sex. He states that Geophilide, like other Chilopods, generally have an antipathy for one another, but he suggests that at the breeding-season this love of isolation breaks down and numbers of individuals gather together at the time when the genital organs become functional, and, as phosphorescence shows itself at the same time, it is natural to conclude that “the property of emitting light among the photogenic Geophi- lide is intimately connected with the genital function.” Dealing: with the researches of Fabre in a passage we have translated: as follows, Gazagnaire says :— “The demonstration of this conclusion becomes more evident still if we make an appeal to the data which we possess concerning the probable mode of fertilization in these animals. We owe them to Fabre, our great ento- mologist. “For two whole years Fabre followed up his researches on Geophilide. He never verified coitus. I do not know that anyone since has been more successful than he. The discharge of spermatophores, discovered by Fabre, seems to comfirm the fact that among Geophilide there is no coitus, which is contrary to the belief of G. Newport, expressed in 1840. At the end of September, on examining some Geo- philus convolvens* kept in captivity, Fabre noticed, in the * {We do not know this specific name.—H. K. B.-B., 8. G. B.-B.) Notes on Myrtapoda. 9 passages made by these animals through the soil in which they lived, some very little systems of network formed of cobweb-like filaments and arranged at a distance from one another. At the centre of each was hung a spherical globule, white, of the size of a small pin-head. This globule was nothing else but a spermatophore. For a month anda half spermatophores are deposited by the males in the same way. What becomes of these spermatophores? How do they effect fertilization? Fabre tells us the ‘complete absence of copulatory organs, the protective sperm-capsule, the spermatic nets, all make me believe that the male deposits the spermatophores furtively on nets stretched in the sub- terranean passages and that it is there that the female, guided by her instinct and urged on by her burden, comes to seek the element complementary to her ovules.’ ““There is no cot/us: that is pretty certain if the infor- mation given by Fabre be taken for granted. But in the question which interests us, this fact, in spite of its great import, is only of secondary significance. Whether there is or is not coitus is of no importance to us; but what does concern us is the date of the deposition of the spermatophore, which is very probably the date of fertilization too, since in the ordinary air the spermatophores, being very delicate microscopic corpuscles, are condemned to almost certain destruction in a very short time. Excessive humidity cracks them, drying shrivels and hardens them, arachnids to whom they are a great delicacy devour them very quickly. “* Now the date of the deposition of the spermatophores coincides exactly with that of the appearance of luminosity in phosphorescent Geophilide. “Tabre, as a matter of fact, has proved that the de- position of the spermatophores of Geophilus convolvens (which is not a phosphorescent species) goes on from the end of September to the 12th of November, and the obser- vations which we have cited concerning the capture of photogenic Geophilide record as extreme dates 25 September (G. Newport) and 14 November (Maille). “The proof afforded by this last coincidence establishes a conviction, and within the limits of present observations I believe I have the right to conclude that among phos- phorescent European Geophilide the appearance of luminosity is not only intimately connected with genital activity, but seems to correspond exactly with the date of the deposition of the spermatophores (very probably also with fertilization) —that is to say, from the end of September to the first fortnight of November.” 10 Dr. & the Rev. 8. Graham Brade-Birks— Gazagnaire goes on to state that there may be exceptions of his rule, and quotes J. V. Audouin’s capture of luminous Geophilus electricus in August. He admits two hypotheses in such cases: either the reconciliation of the sexes has taken place earlier, owing to the occurrence of certain acci- dental conditions, local, atmospheric ; or the date given is the precise date of reconciliation of the sexes in those species, and, in that case, we find ourselves faced with a simple generic or specific difference in the date when the genital organs become functional, a difference of little importance which has been proved often enough in other groups. He thinks that if we accept only these two hypotheses, then the history of phosphorescent Geophilide as known in Gazagnaire’s time would not allow us to suppose that in these animals luminosity could go on under the same conditions as in certain other arthropods of the class Insecta—for example, in the Lampyres and Photophores,—nor that the egg, young, and adult, throughout their respective existences, rejoiced in the property of § giving light, as the insects just mentioned do in each of the Tife-stages referred to. Gazagnaire also adds some comparisons with the phos- phorescent Lumbricide. According to the evidence before him, worms found phosphorescent are provided with a well- developed clitellum, a fact indicating sexual maturity. This association of circumstances presents to his mind some important parallels to the case of luminous Chilopoda. We have seen a French contemporaneous account (5) of some researches of Dubois, to which Verhoeff (12) was evidently referring in the summary on luminosity to which we have already drawn attention, but Dubois evidently made several observations for which Verhoeff did not find a place in his account of the phenomenon. Dubois (5) stated that when one of his centipedes (Scolioplanes crassipes) was seized it discharged all the luminous substance it contained, but could be made luminous again some time later by mechani- cal stimulation or by raising the temperature. He confused the contents of the epithelial cells of the intestine with small granules (to which he attributed luminosity) in a discharge from the terminal part of the digestive tract. He speaks of these as the same characteristic birefringent granules, which he says are to be found in the luminous tissues of Pyro- phores and Lampyrids. He also states that the physio- logical process is, in its root-esséentials, the same in bs myriapods ” and Coleoptera, for, in both cases, the discharge of a cell sets free photogenic products. He adds Notes on Myriapoda. 11 that the physiological process is here independent of the organ. In the case of another piece of research (6) on luminosity, Dubois raises several points of special interest to us in the present study. He shows that in Hippopodius gleba, a transparent animal of the Hydrozoan family of the Poly- phyide, the ectoderm in certain places becomes milky and opaque on mechanical stimulation, owing to the immediate production of a multitude of granules deposited in the protoplasm of the ectodermal cells, a production accompanied at night by the emission of light. The chemical composition of these granules is very complex, they are neither fat nor ammonium urate. Dubois considered that each of these granules contained a little vacuole at its centre. In the luminous cells these granules (vacuolids) were seen to have very complex movements, and their absolute independence in the midst of the plasma was such that it might be supposed to be due, he thought, to parasitic micro-organisms; but the attempts of Dubois at culture in various media met with no success, and he concluded that micro-organisms were not the cau - brown, a broad, almost black median area ; lateral margins of the sclerite narrowly paler. Pleura dull yellow. Halteres brown, the knobs darker, the base of the stem yellow. Legs with the cox. dull yellow, the fore coxz more brownish on the outer face; trochanters dull yellow; remainder of the legs dark brown, the last four tarsal segments and the extreme tips of the metatarsi dull orange-yellow. Wings subhyaline ; cell Sc, a seam beneath vein Ou, and the wing-apex a little darker; stigma elongate-oval, dark brown; veins dark brown. The following veins bear conspicuous macrotrichize :— Rs, apical part of Be Ry,3, all of Ry,5, apical portions of M,,. and M3,43; one near mid-length of the last section of Cu, and a few on Cu. Venation: Sc ending beyond the fork of Rs, Sc. at the tip of Se; ; basal deflection of Ry,5 about equal to rm; basal deflection of Cu, at or beyond the fork of MZ. . Abdominal tergites dark brown ; sternites yellow, more darkened on the sixth and seventh segments; hypopygiuin brownish yellow. : The female is similar to the male in most respects, the ovipositor with the valves very long and slender, the tergal valves almost straight, a little upeurved at the tips ; ; sternal valves acicular, the tips with a few long hairs. flab, West Africa. Holotype, 8, Lolodorf, Cameroun, January 10,1919 (J. A. Reis). Allotopotype, 9 , January 15, 1919. Parat: potypes, 10 3 ¢, January 9-16, 1919. Trentepohlia (Mongoma) albilata, sp. n. Legs with the femora tipped with white; tibie with a narrow white basal band, the apices very broadly white; fore femora with three basal bristles, the other femora with a row of from eight to ten small sete; wings with two or three long curved sete on the posterior margin of the wing-petiole. Male (type).— Length 10 mm. ; wing 8:7 mm. ; fore leg, femur 13°5 mm., tibia 16°8 mm., tarsus 15°2 mm., black band on tibia 5 mm.; hind leg, femur 15 mm., tibia 16 mm., tarsus 13 mm,, black band on tibia 5 mm, Male (series).—Length 9-11 mm. ; wing 7-9 mm. Female (series).—Length about 9°5 mm.; wing 8 mm. Rostrum yellow; palpi brownish black. Antennze dark brownish black, pale at the extreme base, moderately elon- gated ; flagellar segments long-oval. Head dark grey along new or little-known Tipulide. 57 the eyes, more yellowish on the front and the occipital region. _ Pronotum yellow. Mesonotum dark brown; the pre- scutum broadly margined with dull yellow. Pleura duil yellow. Halteres rather short, dark brown, the extreme base more yellowish. Legs with the coxee yellow, the fore cox a little darker ; trochanters dull yellow ; femora dark brown, the extreme bases a little paler, the tips white, broadest on the fore femora; tibiae white, with a relatively narrow (5 mm.) black subbasal band, the white apex occupying the apical half or more of the segment ; tarsi white, a patch of hairs at the base of the middle and hind metatarsi and the tips of the tarsi more yellowish. The white femoral apex is a trifle broader than the tibial base on the fore legs ; the tibial base is much broader than the femoral tip on the middle and hind Jegs. ‘The legs are armed in both sexes; the fore femora have three long erect bristles, with one or more additional smaller sete in a group near the base ; the middle and hind femora each bears a row of some eight to ten small subequidistant bristles near the base; femora with several long setz at apex, these a little more sleider on the fore femora. Middle and hind metatarsi on the inner face at the base with a longitudinal row of conspicuous orange hairs, these more distinct on the posterior metatarsi, Wings greyish subhyaline, the costal cell more yellow, the subcostal cell more brownish; stigma narrow, oval, brown; extreme tip of the wing indistinctly darker ; veins brownish black ; the cord and vein Cu very narrowly and indistinctly seamed with brownish. Venation: 7 long, more than twice the length of ,,3 between it and the fork of the latter; basal deflection of M,,, short, usually less than mj; outer deflection of 17; evenly arcuated, Jong, the inner end of cell M; lying far proximad of cells R; and M,; basal deflection ot Cu, at or close to tlee fork of AZ; fusion of Cu, and 1st A slight. A group of two or three long curved sets on the caudal margin of the wing-petiole. Abdominal tergites dark brown, the basal segment paler laterally ; sternites yellowish, Hab. West Africa. Holotype, 3, Lolodorf, Cameroun, January 16,1919 (J. A. Reis). Allotopotype, 9, January 15,1919. Paratopotypes, 200 3 9, January 9-16, 1919. T. frag: lama, Westw., the type of the subgenus Mongoma, is very insufficiently described by Westwood. The insect is 58 Dr. C. P. Alexander on characterized as being pitchy black, the thorax more dilute ; legs brown, with the knees, the tibial tips, and the tarsi white. At the base of the fore femora are two spinules. Specimens from Madagascar that Osten-Sacken later re- ferred, with considerable doubt, to fragillima had the entire distal third of the tibie white. In the present species the entire distal half of all the legs in both sexes is white. Trentepohlia (Mongoma) reisi, sp. n. General coloration brown, more yellowish beneath ; femora and tibize with the tips white; tarsi white; femora with a series of about a dozen spines near the base ; posterior tibic with a series of from eight to ten stout sete ; wings nearly hyaline, Male (type).—Length 86 mm.; wing 8 mm.; fore leg, femur 12°5 mm., tibia 16 mm.; hind leg, femur 14°3 mm., tibia 15 mm., tarsus 11 mm. Male (series).—Length 8°6-9°5 mm.; wing 7°6-9 mm. Female (series).—Length 10 mm. ; wing 8°6. Rostrum light yellow; palpi dark brownish black. An- tenne moderately long, dark brownish black, the flagellar segments long-oval. Head dark brown, paler on the occiput and underneath on the genze, which bear a few long curved hairs. Pronotum dark brown above, yellowish laterally. Meso- notal prescutum yellowish brown, darker brown anteriorly ; remainder of mesonotum pale brown. Pleura pale yellow, a little more brownish dorsally. Halteres short, dark brown, the base yellowish. Legs with the coxe and trochanters yellow ; femora dark brown, paler at the base, the tips passing into white; tibia brown, the bases indistinctly whitish, the tips passing into white, these about twice as wide as the white femoral tips ; tarsi white or pale yellowish white. All the femora with a series of from ten to seventeen short stout black spines near the base, extending in a single row along the ventral face ; these spines are slightly variable in number, but are apparently more numerous on the fore femora ; femoral tips with a few slender blackish hairs; hind tibie near the tip with from eight to ten long, curved, erect, black sete, five or six of which are grouped on the white tips, the proximal three or four less crowded and located on the brown areas. Wings nearly hyaline, the costal and subcostal cells a little more yellowish ; stigma pale brownish yellow; veins pale brown. Venation: similar to 7. albi- lata, differing as follows :—cell 1s¢ MZ, shorter and broader ; new or little-known Tipulidx. 59 outer deflection of ,,, long, so that the inner end of cell Fs is about ona level with cell M,; outer deflection of I, short, squarely arcuated to almost angulated; basal deflection of Cu, rather far before the fork of M; fusion of Cu, and lst A rather extensive, about equal to m, vein Cu being strongly bent backward at the point of fusion ; cell 2nd A wider. Abdomen dark brown above, the sternites and hypopygium more yellowish. Male hypopygium with the pleural appen- dages a little longer than T, albilata. Hab. West Africa. Holotype, 8, Lolodorf, Cameroun, January 9, 1919 (J. A. Reis). Allotopotype, 2, January 10, 1919. Paratopotypes, 27 @, January 9-15, 1919. T. reisi is readily told from all other described species of the genus by the curious armature of the femora and the posterior tibia. This condition occurs in both sexes. This interesting fly is dedicated to the collector, Rev. J. A. Reis. Lecteria triacanthos, sp. n. Mesonotum yellowish, the prescutum with four fulvous stripes ; legs with the femora reddish brown, a narrow white ring beyond mid-length, surrounded on either side by a blackish ring ; tibize white, brown at the base and apex, a broad black band before mid-length; the three basal tarsal segments yellowish white, tipped with brown ; metatarsi with a group of three stout spines at the extreme base; wings broad, subhyaline, heavily banded and dotted with brown and rey. ‘ Male.—Length about 14 mm.; wing 12°7 mm.; hind leg, femur 9 mm., tibia 8°6 mm. Rostrum and palpi black, sparsely grey pruinose. An- tenne with the basal segment black, the second segment light brown, the flagellum brown; there are only fourteen antennal segments, the first flagellar segment being a fusion of apparently three segments as in Conosia; first scapal segment elongate; first flagellar segment oval, greatly narrowed at the base; the following three segments short- cylindrical, the others gradually lengthened into long- cylindrical ; the flagellar segments are clothed with a dense white pubescence, longer and more conspicuous on the basal segments, flagellar segments with long verticils, one of each segment being longer than the others, giving to the flagellum a secund appearance, these longest verticils attaining.a length 60 Dr. C. P. Alexander on. that is nearly equal to half the length of the entire flagellum. Head reddish brown. Mesonotal prescutum yellowish, with four long bright fulvous stripes; remainder of the mesonotum fulvous, the mid-line of the scutum and the scutellum more yellowish. The mesonotum is densely and minutely setigerous, the punc- tures black. Pleura brownish. Halteres light brown, the knobs a little darker. Legs with the cox and trochanters dull yellow ; femora reddish brown, beyond mid-length with a narrow white ring which has a subequal blackish ring on either side, this white mark largest and most distinet on the posterior femora; tibiee white, the apical quarter pale brownish, the extreme tip black; base of the tibize brown, a broad black band before mid-length ; three basal tarsal segments yellowish white, black at the tips, palest on the metatarsi, the remaining tarsal segments brown. The legs are clothed with a long, fai:ly dense, semierect pubescence ; -metatarsus at the extreme base with a transverse group of three stout black spines. Wings rather broad, subhyaline, with a heavy dotted and banded pattern as follows :—a broad band at the cord and another at the origin of the sector extending across the wing to the margin, ending at the tip of 2nd A; this pattern does not include the costal cell ; the band at the cord is forked at its cephalic end, one branch encircling Sc,, the other the tip of Sc, and &,; these bands are pale brown, broadly margined with dark brown, to produce an ocellate appearance ; similar ocellate markings at the outer end of cell 1st My, the tip of ft, and the fork of My,.; cell C yellowish, with about a dozen dark brown dots ; remainder of the wing with numerous small pale brownish dots that are larger and more diffuse in the anal cells; veins brown, C, Sc, and #& more yellowish. Vena- tion: generally similar to LZ. africana, Alex. (Congo) ; basal deflection of Ry,; shorter and more arcuated basally ; cell 1st M, more nearly rectangular, M3 being almost in a line with M before the fork of the latter. Abdominal tergites fulvous, the apical. segments indis- tinctly ringed caudally with silvery grey; hypopygium brown ; sternites similar, the lateral margins blackish, the posterior margin pale ; eighth sternite black, conspicuously projecting. Male hypopygium with the ninth tergite trans- versely truncated with a deep U-shaped median notch ; pleural appendages densely white pubescent, each at the apex produced into a slender, slightly curved, black point. Hab. West Africa. new or little-known Tipulide. 61 Holotype, 8, Lolodorf, Cameroun, January 13,1919 (J. A. eis). Tipula setosipennis, sp. n. Palpi short, brownish black ; antennas of the male mole- rately elongated, yellow, the apical segments infuscated basally ; mesonotum dull yellowish, the prescutum with three brownish-grey stripes that are margined with dark brown ; wings grey, streaked longitudinally with brown and subliyaline; apical cells of the wings strongly setulose ; male hypopygium yellowish, the sclerites fused into a nearly con- tinuous ring; region of the ninth tergite produced caudad into a broad depressed median lobe. Male.—Length 17 mm. ; wing 15°3 mm. Female.—Length 18 mm.; wing 15°5 mm. Frontal prolongation of the head short, light brownish yellow above, dark brown on the sides, the dorsal surface with numerous long black hairs, which are most numerous toward the rather long nasus; mouth-parts and palpi dark brownish black, the latter short. Antenne of the male elon- gate, extending about to the base of the abdomen, the basal segments of the flagellum elongate, the terminal segments shortened ; antennz yellow, the terminal segments more infuscated, especially on the slight basal enlargement. Head dark grey, more yellowish on the front and along the inner margin of the eyes; middle of the vertex blackish. Frontal tubercle distinct, bifid by a deep longitudinal impression. Mesonotal prescutum light brownish yellow, with three brownish-grey stripes that are distinctly margined with black, the median stripe split by a similar black median’ vitta ; scutum with the median area dull yellow, the lobes brownish grey margined with black; scutellum light yellow post- notum yellowish grey. Pleura dull yellowish ; a conspicuous brown blotch on the mesosternum and mesepisternum, Halteres dark brown, the knobs blackish. Legs with the coxe and trochanters yellowish; femora and tibie dull yellow, the tips narrowly dark brownish black ; tarsi dark brown, the bases of the metatarsi more yellowish. Wings broad, greyish, longitudinally streaked with subhyaline and brownish ; costal area more yellowish; the subhyaline areas include a broad obliterative streak before the cord in the ends of cells & and J/, running through cell 1st M, to the wing- apex in cell A; ; the pale areas include all of cell 2; except the extreme base, the extreme bases of cells MZ, and MW, and virtually all ot cell Ist Mg 5 the first anal and cubital cells are \ 62 Dr. W.T. Calman on a largely pale ; stigma dark brown; a broad brownish seam along vein Cu and narrower ones along the cord ; veins dark brown, those of the costal region more yellowish; strong setz in the apical eells of the wing from A, to Cu; Vena- tion: petiole of cell JZ, short ; m-—cu long. Abdomen rather long for the male sex of this genus of flies (about 12 mm.). Basal abdominal segments dull yellowish, segments 3 to 8 more brownish; tergites with a narrow, more or less distinct, dark brown sublateral stripe ; Jateral margins of the segments pale. Hypopygium yellowish, the sclerites fused into a ring. Region of the ninth tergite produced caudad into a broad depressed median lobe whose posterior margin is gently concave or feebly notched, with numerous minute blackened spicules. Outer pleural ap- pendage narrowed basally, broadened distally, the outer face densely covered with a long pale pubescence and a few long black setee. Inner pleural appendage with a posterior fleshy pale lobe whose proximal face is provided with long pale sete, the anterior blade compressed. Region of the ninth sternite profoundly incised beneath on the mid-ventral line. Highth sternite unarmed, the dorsal margin with a row of about eight black spinous setze. Ovipositor with the tergal valves acicular, the sternal valves shorter, compressed. Hab. South Africa. Holotype, §, Pretoria, Transvaal, December 5, 1918 CA. did. Janse): Allotopotype, 2? , January 4, 1919. Paratopotype, , February 2, 1919. V.—A new Crab of the Genus Sesarma from Basra. By W. 'T. Catman, D.Sc. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) SPECIMENS of the crab described below have recently been presented to the Museum by Capt. C. L. Boulenger, who obtained them while on service in Mesopotamia. Other specimens from the same locality, and clearly of the same species, have been in the Museum for many years under the name ‘‘ Sesarma dehaani, Milue-Kidwards,” given to them by Mr. E. J. Miers. A comparison with Japanese and Chinese specimens of S. dehaani *, however, reveals certain definite, if not very striking, differences, and the Basra specimens are therefore recorded under a new specific name. * This species has recently attracted attention as one of the inter- mediate hosts of the lung-trematode, Paragonimus westermann?. new Crab from Basra. 63 Sesarma (Holometopus) boulengert, sp. n. Description.—Closely resembling S. dehaant, M.-E., from _ which it differs in the following characters :— The carapace, as a rule, is slightly wider in specimens of similar size. The inter-regional grooves on the posterior part of the carapace are rather less deep. ‘The sides of the front are distinctly concave. The merus of the chelipeds has the anterior margin rather more expanded distally and more coarsely dentate; the distal A. Sesarma boulengeri, male, holotype; Basra. Outer surface of left chela, B. Sesarma dehaani, Milne-Edwards, male ; Hong Kong. Outer surface of left chela, tooth on the upper edge is blunt and indistinct. The inner angle of the carpus—which in S. dehaani is rounded or bluntly angled, with sometimes an apical granule—is produced as a small but distinct and acute tooth *. The palm is more inflated, especially in the male ; on its outer surface is an obscure row of granules about the middle; above this the granules are larger, becoming less prominent. towards the upper margin; below the middle the granules are smaller * A specimen collected by Major C. Christy, and received since this was written, has the carpal angle of one of the chelipeds blunt; in the other cheliped the angle forms an acute tooth as described above, = 64 On a new Crab from Basra. and more closely set, but there is no definite group of en- larged granules as in the male of S. dehaani. ‘The convex lower margin of the palm becomes gently concave in passing into the lower margin of the immovable finger, The granules forming a row on the inner surface of the palm are large. The upper edge of the immovable finger is distinctly concave and the fingers gape when closed. The dactylus: has on its upper surface a row—or, rather, a narrow central band—of tubercles which show a tendency to break up into obliquely transverse groups. In S. dehaant the lower margin of the palm passes in a straight line, or with only a very slight con- cavity, into the lower margin of the immovable finger, and the upper edge of the latter is straight or slightly convex ; the fingers meet when closed, and the immovable finger in both sexes is much more broadly triangular than in the new species. The walking-legs are conspicuously less hairy than in S. dehaant, the longer hairs being less numerous and always’ shorter than the width of the segments. The meropo.lites are, as a rule, less broad than in S. dehaani. he penultimate segment of the abdomen of the male is distinctly more than twice as broad at its anterior or proximal margin as it is long. Localities. Ashar Creek, Basra ; 2 $ (including holotype), 2 2, collected by Capt. C. L. Boulenger. Basra; 1 ¢,1 2, collected by L. HE. Adams, B.M. Reg. 83. 23 (determined by EK. J. Miers as S, dehaant). Measurements of 8. boulengeri and 8. dehaani. : weve 7 Ratio of length ‘carapace ‘width to, °famerapotis of sak wie Feast 1, to width = ig S. boulengert : SS MBS IED. Ta, ai 230 1:108 1:85. : 21°75 1183 172 Boulenger ..8%..% dS, holetype. 25°0 1°119 1-90 Ge 17:75 1154 L741 2. 22°5 1133 17, ey 19°%5 1:192 1:69 S. dehaant : 54.10,North China. 9. 21°5 1104 1:89 3. 21:5 1-081 2°15 Gs 23°0 1:108 2°21 61.44, Hong Kong. ¢. 10-5 1:238 2-04 do. 22°5 1-088 ag Ta 753, Japan ..ss0+ > 27°75 1:045 232 Remarks.—The presence of a distinct tooth at the inner angle of the carpus of the chelipeds brings this species, On the Cirripede Genus Stramentum. 65 according to Tesch’s key (Zool. Meded. Leiden, iii. 1917, p. 235), into the neighbourhood of S. eydouai, M.-E., and S. granosimana, Miers. In the former species, as redescribed by Tesch (/. ¢. p. 150), the upper margin of the palm of the chelipeds is provided with a “ distinct, horny-coloured, granu- late crest,” and the outer surface is very minutely granulated and has a short oblique ridge about the middle. In 98. grano- simana, of which I have examined the two syntypes, the outer surface of the palm is rather coarsely and evenly granu- late, its upper margin has a low denticulate crest, the upper margin of the immovable finger is (except for a notch near the base) nearly straight, and the walking-legs have no brushes of short fur on the anterior surface of the carpus and propodus of the first three pairs as they have in 8. dehaani and S,. boulengeri. The specimens of S. boulengeri presented to the Museum thirty-six years ago were accompanied by a note on the habits of the species by the collector, Mr. Lionel E. Adams, as follows :-— Collected at Basra, 60 miles up the Euphrates, in perfectly fresh water; burrows in the banks of the river and especially in a canal in connexion with the river, where it climbs the fibrous roots of trees laid bare to the extent of 6 or 7 feet at low tide (there being 4 or 5 feet of tide at Basra) by the aid of the large claws. Sometimes they ascend the trunks to the height of 10 feet.” VI.—The Cirripede Genus Stramentum (Loricula): its History and Structure. By Tuomas H. Wiruers, F.G.S. [Plates IIL. & 1V.] (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) Introduction. AurnoucH the cirripede generally known as Loricula is represented by more specimens approacling completeness than is any other Cretaceous cirripede, still our knowledge of its structure has not greatly advanced since 1851, when Darwin redescribed Loricula pulchella, G. B. Sowerby, the first-discovered member of the genus. Particularly does this apply to the number, structure, and homologies of the capitular valves and to the peduncle when complete, on which points there have since been wide differences of opinion, Ann. & Mag. N. Mist. Ser. 9. Vol. v. i) 66 Mr. T. H. Withers on In 1913 the Geological Department of the British Museum acquired from Mr. H. T. Martin two cirripedes on a piece of chalk, which he had collected in the Niobrara series of Kansas, and which are referable to Stramentum haworthi, Logan, sp., a species undoubtedly congeneric with Loricula pulchella, G. B. Sowerby. The specimens looked unpromising enough when received, but careful development soon showed certain points of structure which enable us to add materially to our knowledge of this anomalous type. The same structural features had shortly before been discovered in the type-specimens of Loricula darwini, and it is on the com- bined material that the following study of the genus is based. History. Of this genus as many as nine species and two varieties have so far been described, and in most cases the species is known by more than one specimen. The first-discovered species, Loricula pulchella, G. B. Sowerby (1843), was founded on a single nearly complete specimen from the Turonian (Middle Chalk) of Cuxton, Kent. It was obtained by the late Mr. N. T. Wetherell, whose collection is now in the Geological Department of the British Museum, and the specimen is registered 59,150. Darwin (1851) gave a masterly description of this specimen in his Monograph. A few years later the species L. macadami was established by Wyville Thomson (1858) for a fine specimen from the Chalk of Antrim, and some obscure fragments of others of a group are said to be scattered through the matrix. This specimen supplements in many ways that of L. pulchella, and, although it added much to our knowledge of the struc- ture of the shell, it has not been referred to by any later author *. In 1878 W. Dames described a single specimen from the Cenomanian (Lower Chalk) of Lebanon, Syria, under the name J. syriaca, and the specimen was subsequently figured by Prof. Zittel (1884). K. A. von Zittel (1884), for a single specimen from the Senonian (Upper Chalk) of Diilmen, Westphalia, founded the species L. levissima. A plaster-cast of this is in the Geological Department of the British Museum, registered 59,713. * R. Tate quotes the species among a list of fossils, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. London, vol. xxi. 1865, p. 30. the Cirripede Genus Stramentum, 67 Anton Fritsch (1889) described and figured aseries of twelve specimens, which he described as varieties of L. pulchella, namely L. pulchella, var. gigas, and L. pulchella, var,minor. One of them, L. pulchella, var. gigas, had already been described by Fritsch (1877) as a separate species, The specimens occurred in the Turonian (Middle Chalk) of Weissenberg, Bohemia, and were found attached to ex- amples of the ammonites, Ammonites peramplus and A. wool- gari, no less than seven individuals being attached to a single shell of the latter species. In the same year (1889) J. F. Whiteaves described a new species under the name L. canadensis. It was founded on a very fine specimen collected by Mr. J. B. Tyrrell in the Cretaceous (Fort Benton group), at South Duck iRiver, in Township 34, Range 23 W., Manitoba. Other specimens occurred, for the author stated that ‘‘ A few isolated capitular plates of Z. canadensis were also collected by Mr. Tyrrell in 1887, at the Vermilion River, in Township 24, Range 20 W., from Fort Benton Group, or lower part of the series.” S. W. Williston (1897) followed by describing a remark- ably complete specimen from the Cretaceous (Niobrara group) of Kansas, under the name Pollicipes hawortht. That specimen was subsequently described by W. N. Logai (1897), and together with a second species, Stramentum tabulatum, was included in a new genus Stramentum. In 1908 Dr. H. Woodward established the species L. darwini on three specimens obtained by Mr. G. Hi. Dibley in the Turonian (Middle Chalk) Rhynchonella cuvieri-zone of Cuxton, near Rochester, Kent, the same locality from which came the holotype of L. pulchella. These three speci- mens were attached to the cast of an ammonite, Puachy- discus peramplus, and are now in the Geological Department of the British Museum, registered I. 9130. A further species, LZ. ewpansa, Withers (1911), has been described, and the species was founded on two left and three right scutal valves from the Upper Senonian, Actinucamaxr guadratus-zone, Hast Harnham, near Salisbury, Wilts. Apart from these isolated valves it can be proved that Lori- cula occurs in the Senonian of England, for there is in the Geological Department of the British Museum an example of an oyster that had grown on a Loricula, avd has thus preserved on its surface a perfect imprint of the greater part of a peduncle. This specimen came from the Senonian (Upper Chalk) of Norwich (Bayfield Coil.), and is registered 42,012. 5s 68 Mr. T. H. Withers on Material (number of specimens).. In addition to the specimens mentioned above, there is in the Geological Department of the British Museum, registered 59,825, a fragmentary example of L. pulchella, which came from the MiddleChalk of Cowslip Pit, near Guildford, Surrey. It consists of about ten rows of the three median series of peduncular plates. At least two, if not three, further frag- mentary specimens of L. pulchella arein the Brighton Museum (Willett Collection, No. 40), on a piece of chalk from the Middle Chalk of Malling, Kent. Of Stramentum haworthi from the Niobrara Chalk of Kansas, there is in the Geological Department of the British Museum, collected by Mr. H. 'T. Martin, (1) two com- paratively large and almost complete specimens on a small yellowish slab, registered I. 15,945 ; (2) a large yellowish slab with about nine small individuals (registered In. 18,990), and a larger pinkish slab with remains of at least twenty individuals (registered In. 18,989) : in both cases the shells appear to have been attached to some strap-like organism of which only a stain remains, and almost all the specimens cousist of one side of the shell with the inner surface upper- most, three or four retaining the scutum, which shows the pit for the adductor muscle. Altogether the material known to me comprises no less than seventy individuals, and of these quite fifty represent at least oue side of the shell in a fairly good state of preservation. Name. The name Loricula was first given to a cirripede by G. B. Sowerby, junr. (1843). This generic name has been widely accepted, and has been used by Darwin (1851) and every subsequent author on fossil and recent cirripedes. It is the more unfortunate that it should be preoccupied by Loricula, Curtis (1833), a genus established for a Hemipterid. In 1897, W. N. Logan founded the genus Stramentum on two species of cirripedes occurring in the Chalk of Kansas. One of these had previously been described by Prof. Williston (1896) under the name Polliciyes haworthi, and it is not only because of this, but because it is the first of the two species described by Logan, and is more complete than the second species S. tabulatum, that S. haworthi is here taken as geno- type of the genus Stramentum. There is no room for doubt that the Kansas species, Stramentum haworthi, is congeneric with Sowerby’s Loricula pulchella, and although Logan was evidently unaware that the Cirripede Genus Stramentum. 69 cirripedes similar to his Stramentum had been described from the Cretaceous rocks of other countries, there is no option but to accept his genus Stramentum, since the name Loricula is preoccupied. STRAMENTIDA, nom. nov. This is a new name to replace that of Loriculide, which embraced the genera Loriculaand Archeolepas (see Pilsbry, 1916, p. 14). Archeolepas must be removed from here (see p. 79), and for the present might more properly be ‘neluded: in the Scalpellide. Until the precise structure of the genera Loriculina and Squama is known, it is impossible to say whether they should be included in the family Stramentide or not, although it is more convenient to keep them there at present, Stramentum, W.N. Logan. 1833. Non Loricula, Curtis, Entom. Mag. i. p. 197 (Hemipterid). 1843. Ser G. B. Sowerby, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. xii. . 260. 1897. Stramentum, W.N. Logan, Kansas Univ. Quart. ser. A, Oct. 1897, vol. vie No. iv. p. 188. 1898. Stramentum, W.N. Logan, Univ. Geol. Surv. Kansas, vol. iv., Paleont. pt. viii., Arthr. p. 498. Diagnosis.—Shell flattened laterally. Capitulum composed of ten valves comprising paired scuta, paired upper latera, paired terga, paired carinal-latera, and a pair of linear valves homologous with the carina in other cirripedes. Peduncle with ten rows of smooth calcareous plates, five on each side, the six inner rows much elongated transversely, and the outer rows short ; on their outer edges the plates of the outermost rows meet, but do not alternate with each other. Genotype.—S. haworthi, Williston, sp. Distribution.—Senouian (Upper Chalk): East Harnham, near Salisbury, Wilts, and Norwich, Norfolk ; Diilmen, Westphalia; Kansas, U.S.A. Turonian (Middle Chalk): Cuxton, near Rochester, and Malling, Kent; near Guildford, Surrey; Black Head Bay, co. Antrim, Ireland; Weissen- berg, Bohemia ; Duck and Riding Mountain District, Manitoba, Canada, Cenomanian (Lower Chalk): Lebanon, Syria. The following are the described species and varieties :— Stramentum canadensis, Whiteaves, sp. darwini, H. Woodward, sp. 70 . Mr. T. H. Withers on Stramentum expansum, Withers, sp. haworthi, Williston, sp. levissimum, Zittel, sp. macadami, Wyville Thomson, sp. pulchellum, G. B. Sowerby, jun., sp. , G. B. Sowerby, sp., var. gigas, Fritsch. , G. B. Sowerby, sp., var. minor, Fritsch. syriacum, Dames, sp. tabulatum, W. N. Logan. — ———= —_——: Without an examination of the specimens, it is impossible to deduce from the published descriptions and their inade- quate figures whether all of the above are distinct species and varieties. It has, however, been possible to examine the type-material of S. pulchellum and S. darwini, with the result that no justification appears for considering S. darwint to be distinct from S. pulchellum. ‘The distinctions given by Dr. H. Woodward are “ much greater size and more remark- able capitulum” and “the form of the scutum and the latera.” Apart from the fact that all the specimens came from the same-horizon and chalk-pit *, what differences are seen in the scutum appear due to the age and degree of development of the valve (see p. 73), and even the two specimens of ZL. darwini differ in this particular. No distinct differences are apparent to me in the latera, and if by “ more remarkable capitulum” Dr. Woodward means in the greater obliquity of the summit of the peduncle, it must be pointed out that this is accentuated in that particular specimen merely because the scutum and upper latera have been slightly displaced and pushed down on to the upper scales of the peduncle (see Pl. III. fig. 2). S. darwini is therefore regarded here as a synonym of S. pulchellum. With regard to the holotype of S. macadami, Prof. Gren- ville Cole very kindly took considerable trouble to find out for me its whereabouts, and recently informed me that it is preserved in the Belfast Public Art Gallery and Museum. The Curator, Mr. Deane, most kindly lent me the specimen, and an examination of it shows no characters by which it can be separated from S. pulchelium. Prof. Thomson stated in his description ‘‘ One specific distinction is very evident,— the fusion of plates corresponding to the scutum and the scutal latus in the upper rows of the peduncle.” I cannot understand this statement for the reason that none of the peduncular plates are fused, but, on the contrary, have pre- cisely the same structure as in the several specimens of * See G, E. Dibley, 1918, Proc. Geol. Assoc. vol. xxix. pp. 70, 87. the Cirripede Genus Stramentum. 71 S. pulchellum. A MS. label is on the specimen bearing the words ‘“ Loricula pulchella,”’ and I can see no characters in the specimen to make one dissent from that determination. S. macadami is therefore considered here to be a synonym of S. pulchellum. Measurements.—The largest species appears to be S. pul- chellum. The holotype has a length of 26°6 mm., its breadth is 15°2 mm., and the length of the scutum is 86 mm. This is surpassed by the two specimens (PI. III. figs. 1, 2) originally described as S. darwini, for the original of fig. 1 has a length of 35°2 mm. (incomplete), a breadth of 22 mm., and a scutum 1]°4 mm. in length, while the original of fig. 2 has a length of 44 mm., a breadth of 22°4 mm., and a scutum of 13°2 mm. in length and 7°6 mm. in breadth. In the latter specimen the carina is 6°38 mm. long and 2°3 mm. wide. The original of S. macadami has a length of 24°6 mm. and a breadth of 12°3 mm, Of the other species the type of S. haworthi is said to have a length of 27 mm. and a breadth of 17 mm., and the type of S. tabulatum appears to be somewhat smaller ;. S. canadensis is from 14-15 mm. long and 7 mm. wide; S. pulchellum var. minor is said to attain a length of 20 mm. and S. pulchellum, var. gigas, a length of 36 mm.; S. levissima has a length of 20 mm.; and S. syriacum is said to be one-third the length of S. levissima. Terminology and Number of Valves in the Capitulum. Darwin had only a single specimen of the genus before him, namely, the holotype of S. pulchellum, and while this was nearly complete so far as the peduncle was concerned, it had only three of the capitular valves (see Pl. III. fig. 3). That on the right, owing to its shape and to the direction of its growth-lines, was considered by him to be the scutum and the adjoining plate as the first or upper latus. The remaining valve was called the second or carinal latus, but between that and the upper latus was a hiatus, believed by Darwin to have been filled by a tergum. Besides these valves he included in his restoration a carina and a rostrum, making ten valves in all, for he assumed that the other valves were paired. The specimen of S. macadami figured and described by Wyville Thomson seven years later was more complete in the capitular region, and it included a valve—the tergum— not present in the holotype of S. pulchellum, between the upper and carinal latera, as well as two opposing linear 72 Mr. T. H. Withers on valves adjoining the carinal latus. Adopting Darwin’s idea as to the identity of the other valves, Thomson suggested that these linear valves must represent two elements of a carina. An alternative suggestion was that if the capi- tulum was reversed the linear valve would be a reduced scutum, the second latus a rostral latus, the first latus an upper latus, and the scutum a carinal latus. This latter view was suggested as possible, but further reasons were given for his inclination to follow Darwin’s ideas as to the identity of the valves. Wyville Thomson’s views have had no bearing on later discussions, for his paper has been entirely overlooked, and consequently his discovery of the split carina has passed unnoticed. It was only through a book-seller’s catalogue that I came across the paper myself, and I then found that the discovery of the split carina in the genus, as now found in the species S. pulchellum and S. haworthi, was not a new one. Except that later authors have differed as to the number of valves in the capitulum and as to the precise names of the first or upper latus and the second or carinal latus, Darwin’s purely tentative nomenclature has been generally accepted without question. So far has this been the case that no one has attempted to prove the identity of either of the valves. Any doubts, however, are set at rest by the new example of S. haworthi (PI. IV. fig. 2), for jn that specimen the valve called the scutum has its inner surface exposed, showing the pit for the adductor muscle, thus proving that this really is the scutum. Accepting this, it follows that the other valves would represent the upper latus, tergum, and carinal latus, and that the two linear valves would equal the carina of other cirripedes. Consequently the known valves would number ten in all. This is the same number as given by Darwin in his restoration, although the number is made up of different elements, for, apart from the carina being split, he included a rostrum. In none of the known specimens has a rostrum been noticed, and in view of the structure of the carina the improbability of a rostrum in the ordinary sense being present is great. There does not appear to be any differentiation in structure of the uppermost subscutal plates of the peduncle, and since they cannot be regarded as part of the capitular region, a rostrum or valves homologous with it cannot be said to form part of the capitulum of Stramentum. ~~ w the Cirripede Genus Stramentum. Deseription of Shell. Capitulum.—This is-small when compared with, the size and breadth of the peduncle, its length being about one- fourth that of the shell; evidently the greater part of the animal’s body was lodged in the peduncle as in Lithotrya and Jéla. Scutum subtriangular in outline, with the tergo-lateral and basal margins nearly straight and almost at right angles to each other; the growth-lines in the lower part of the valve follow the outline of the tergo-lateral and basal margins. The umbo is situated at a variable distance from the apex, and in the more advanced of the Turonian forms is about one-third the distance from the apex ; in the Seno- nian species, S, haworthi, the umbo is situated at least one- half the distance from the apex even in quite young valves, and the more advanced forms have the upper half of the valve more developed. From the umbo to the apex runs a depression from which the upper part of the occludent margin rises up. In the figured specimen of S. Haworthi and in others on the two slabs there is, on the inner surface, a deep pit for the adductor muscle. Upper latus almost flat, having the outline of an isosceles triangle, with the scutal margin, which abuts against the tergo-lateral margin of the scutum for its whole length, rather more obliquely inclined and slightly longer than the tergal margin. The valve evidently overlapped the tergum and scutum very slightly by its edges, and the growth-lines are straight and parallel. Darwin said of this valve “The first latus now answers to the upper latus in Scalpellum, but it is interposed to quite au unprecedented extent between the scutum and tergum.”’ It is, however, not more so than in the recent Pollicipes mitella, or in the later-discovered Cretaceous cirripede Zeugmatolepas mockleri, which perhaps is more comparable, since the upper part of the upper latus in P. mitella really overlaps the scutum and tergum for the greater part of its extent. Tergum subtriangular, somewhat convex, with the carino- lateral and the upper occludent margins slightly rounded, and the basal margin rather more so. The growth-lines are convex, and on the upper occludent margin curve sharply upwards towards the apex. Carinal latus obliquely triangular, rather like the upper latus, except that the tergal margin is more obliquely inclined and the basal margin more rounded, the valve being slightly inclined towards the tergum. 74 Mr. T. H. Withers on Carina.—This valve is of the same length as the carinal- latus and the apices of these two valves, together with that of the tergum, form the upper extremity of the capitulum. The valve is narrow, almost linear, nearly flat, about the width of the carinal plates of the peduncle, and there is a corresponding valve on the opposing side of the capitulum. Wyville Thomson has written in his description of S. mac- adami—“ ... . this valve must be either one of the valves of a split carina—one of the parietes of a carina in which the tectum is undeveloped; or we must suppose the carina to have been composed of two parietes and a separate tectum, and the tectum to have been lost.”’ In my opinion it is one of the halves of a split carina in which parietes or intra- parietes had not been developed, and the valve is of the same type of structure in S. pulchellum and S. haworthi. A ridge is invariably formed along the median line in the carinal valves of ordinary pedunculate cirripedes, and a modification such as the splitting along this line would not be unexpected. Such a secondary modification is seen in the splitting of the dorsal plate in certain species of the recent Molluscan genus Pholas. While such a modification of the carina is quite unique among fossil and recent cirri- pedes, a somewhat similar modification in the scutum is seen in certain species of the recent genus Pecilasma. The scutum in that genus, as in the closely allied genus Lepas, has the umbo situated at the rostral angle, and the growth is entirely upwards. In Lepas a ridge is formed on the scutum ex- tending from the umbo to the upper extremity of the valve, and running near and almost parallel to the occludent margin. Hssentially in the same position as the ridge in Lepas, a suture is formed, which can be observed on both ‘surfaces of the valve in one speces of Pecilasma, The development is carried a step further in other species of that genus, for in those the scutum is definitely split into two pieces. Peduncle.—This is about three times the length of the capitulum, and in its upper part, just below the line of junction, it is rather wider than the capitulum. It is com- posed of ten rows of smooth calcareous scales, five on each side, forming a most beautiful loricated structure, sharply pointed at its lower extremity. There are as many as twenty- seven scales in a row in one of the specimens from Kansas, but the number naturally depends on the size and age of the individuals (see immature example depicted on PI. IV. fig. 1 A). The summit of the peduncle is usually somewhat obliquely truncated, being lowest at the rostral end ; this is lo dhad the Oirripede Genus Stramentum. 75 no doubt due, in some measure, to additional scales being first formed below the carinal and upper lateral valves (see under Growth, p. 77), but also to allow sufficient room for the animal’s body. Of the five rows of scales the three inner series are com- posed of nearly equal scales, much elongate transversely, and are about as wide as the carinal-latus, upper latus, and scutum, below which valves they are situated, so that the . lines of junction of the peduncular scales correspond more or less with those of the capitular plates mentioned. The scales are closely imbricating, the middle series intersecting those on either side; and those two series are again in turn intersected by the outer subcarinal and subscutal scales, which are in line with the middle series ; the much smaller outer scales simply meet those on the opposite side of the shell and do not overlap or intersect them in any way. Consequent on this arrangement of the peduncular scales, alternate whorls are formed, one being composed of the large median plates and the small outer subcarinal and subscutal scales, making in all six rows ; and above and below whorls are formed of the two large lateral plates, making four rows. The structure and relationship to each other of the peduncle-scales, both of the inner and outer surface, is well shown in the specimens depicted in fig. 2 of Plates III. & IV. The Shell when complete—While Darwin erroneously thought that the shell in this genus had a keeled carina and rostrum, he was of the opinion that the lateral valves of the capitulum, as well as the plates of the peduncle, must have been present on both sides of the shell. With regard to the lateral capitular valves, excepting the carina, decisive proof of their paired nature has been given by Whiteaves, for in the holotype of S. canadensis (1889, p- 190, pl. xxvi. figs. 4, 4a) the upper lateral series of valves has been either partially or completely broken away, showing underneath the inner surface of the scutum, upper latus, tergum, and carinal latus. In other specimens figured by Fritsch (1887) and H. Woodward (1908) slight displacement of the valves has shown the inner surface of an underlying scutum. It is therefore certain that the whole of the capitular valves were paired, for, in addition to the lateral valves, the valves homologous with the carina can be shown to be paired, not only in S. pulchellum, but in S. haworthi. The split carina is very clearly shown in the specimen de- scribed as S. macadami, for fortunately a slight displacement of the upper plate shows part of the inner surface of the opposing plate along its entire outer margin: it is a pity that 76 Mr. T. H. Withers on the specimen arrived too late for illustration in this paper, for it shows this character more readily than in the specimen originally figured as S. darwini or in S. haworthi. As to the peduncular plates, the only evidence so far given of an opposing series is that the under row of subscutal plates are to be seen projecting from beneath the upper row in the figured example of S. pulchedlum (PI. ILI. fig. 2). One or two of the subcarmal plates can also be seen projecting from beneath the upper series in the same specimen. Dr. Woodward had the chalk removed from beneath that specimen, and did not find any evidence of an opposing series of the three median rows of peduncle-plates. He thereupon suggested that they were not developed on the under side of the peduncle, which was attached to the shell of the ammonite along the margins of the under row of subscutal and carinal plates. When comparing S. eapansum with S. pulchellum (Withers, 1911, p. 29), attention was incidentally drawn to the fact that certain of the specimens figured by Fritsch and of those described by Woodward, some had the scutum on the right hand and others on the left (see also Pls. HI.& 1V.). While it was probable from this that the whole of the peduncular plates were developed on both sides of the shell, it was not conclusive proof, since it might have been quite accidental which side of the shell was developed uppermost, in thie same way that certain lobsters have the “crushing chela” developed on the right side and others on the left. The case of the cirripede Verruca might also have been mentioned, for in that genus it seems to be quite a chance whether the movable scutum and tergum are developed on the right or left side of the shell. A detailed examination of one of the specimens described as S. darwini (Pl. III. fig. 1A), not figured by Dr. H. Woodward, was rewarded by the discovery that the plates of the peduncle were actually present on both sides. Some of the subcarinal and carimo-lateral plates of the peduncle were broken away near the base of the capitulum, and although nothing but chalk appeared to be there, removal of the chalk revealed the presence of the inner surface of the opposing plates of the subcarinal and carino-lateral series. Further evidence is afforded by the example of S. haworthi (Pl. IV. fig. 2), for, although it represents one side of an almost entire shell showing its inner surface, there are in many places preserved im situ the peduncular plates of the other side of the shell, especially the series of the carino- lateral plates. Taken together these two specimens conclu- the Cirripede Genus Stramentum., 77 sively prove that the shell of Stramentum was composed of ten vertical series of plates, five on each side of the shell. Since there were no keeled plates to the capitulum, and the subcarinal and subsecutal plates of the peduncle did not intersect or overlap each other, the shell could be readily divided along the median line thus formed without destroying any one plate. This is exemplified by the fact that ou the two slabs of chalk from Kansas on which about thirty . individuals are preserved, no less than twenty-eight of them consist of one side of the shell more or less complete, and show the inner surface. The other side of these shells was probably on the counterpart of the slab, or had floated away after the death of the animal and decomposition of the soft parts. Iu individual cases one side of the shell might easily _ be torn away by some animal, as suggested by Darwin. Growth.—New scales of the peduncle are apparently first formed round its summit towards its carinal end, for, as pointed out by Darwin, there is in the holotype of S. pul- chellum one more scale under the second latus and oue more under the first latus than under the scutum. In the figured specimen referred to S. darwint by Dr. Woodward, there appears to be two more scales in both the series than in that under the scutum. One very young example of S. haworthi is here figured (Pl. LV. fig. 1 A), measuring 4°2 mm. in length and. consisting of twelve plates only to its nearly complete peduncle. Attachment.—Darwin was of the opinion that in this genus the attachment was probably by one lateral face of the lower part of the peduncle, and was effected either by the overflow of the cementing material from the two central original orifices or by cement poured out of orifices situated on one side of the peduncle. He found no difficulty in the peduncle ending in so fine a point, for he stated that in Scalpellum vulgare the peduncle, when carefully dissected from the coralline to which it is attached, is often found to end in a much finer pot and to be symmetrically attached to the branch by its narrow rostral margin. Dr. H. Woodward (1908, pp. 498 e¢ seq.), however, con- sidered that the peduncle was attached along the whole extent of the subscutal and subcarinal scales, and that the mode of growth of Stramentum was always prone. He concluded, since Darwin mentioned that S. pulchellum was found “embedded outside the cast of an ammonite,” that ‘he did not quite realize it was adhering to the shell and parasitic upon the ammonite, as Coronula balanaris attaches itself to the skin of the whale, and Chelonibia tesludinariu and Tak. Mr. T. H. Withers on C. caretta affix themselves to the surface of the turtle to- day.” Although many specimens have been found attached to ammonites, in no case am I aware that they are attached to the actual shell, the ammonite being represented by a chalk- cast. Whatever the mode of attachment, it cannot be said to be truly comparable to the mode of attachment of Coronula or Chelonibia. Tomy mind it is more probable that the shell of Stramentumwas attached only by the extremity of its peduncle, and was pressed against the side of the ammonite during fossilization. While the Kansas examples of Stramenium haworthi on the two slabs in the Geological Department of the British Museum appear to have been attached to a strap- like organism, of which only a stain remains, the type was said by Logan to be attached to a shell of Ostrea congesta by the extremity of its peduncle. Dr. H. Woodward appears to have doubted this, but there is a photograph of the type exhibited with the above-mentioned slabs in the British Museum, and this conclusively shows that that specimen, at any rate, was so attached. Comparison with other Genera and Phylogenetic Position. The structure of Stramentum as now revealed by the new material certainly shows it to be more anomalous than was thought. So far as our knowledge goes, it differs from all other cirripedes, both recent and fossil, in that all the valves of the capitulum are paired, and that the outermost or sub- carinal and subscutal rows of peduncular plates do not overlap or intersect each other. The shell could therefore readily be divided along the sutures formed along the carinal and scutal margins. It further differs from all recent cirripedes in the marked disparity in size of the lateral plates of the peduncle as compared with those of the subscutal and subcarinal series. ‘There appears to be a similar disposition of the peduncular plates in the Cretaceous genera Sguama(Senonian) and Loriculina (Senonian). How far these genera are related it is difficult to say, for we know so little of their precise structure. Further investiga- tion may prove Loriculina to be congeneric with Stramentum, for the presence of a comparatively large rostrum in the figure of the genotype may not be substantiated. Squama, which is so far confined to the Kansas chalk and occurs at a slightly lower horizon than Stramentum haworthi, is known only from the inadequate figures and descriptions of Logan. When the precise structure of the genus is known it will - the Cirripede Genus Stramentum. 79 probably be found to be quite as interesting as Stramentum. In addition to the valves known in the capitulum of Stra- mentum, Squama is said to possess a rostrum, subrostrum, and subcarina, but whether these latter valves are keeled or whether they have the same structure as the carina in Stramentum is not known. Stramentum is known in the Cenomanian only by one specimen from Syria, but is comparatively common in the Turonian of Europe. It Jingers on to the Senonian in Europe, but is exceedingly rare, while in the Senonian Kansas Chalk of America it is common. We have, there- fore, to look in the earlier Cretaceous and Upper Jurassic rocks for the ancestors of Stramentum. By some authors Stramentum is considered to be a derivative from the Ju- rassic genus Archeéolepas, but it must not be overlooked that that genus is not entirely confined to the Jurassic, since one or two species range into the Lower Cretaceous. Archeolepas has a capitulum of six plates only, consisting of paired scuta, paired terga, and a carina and rostrum of the type seen in the Scalpellide (Scillelepas), although the carina is much reduced in size. The earliest form, namely, the genotype Archeolepas redtenbacheri, is known to me only by figures, which would appear to be unreliable, since they differ in the number of vertical rows of pedun- cular plates. Zittel’s figure is probably more correct and shows five rows, and the disposition of the plates resembles that of Stramentum more than any other form of cirripede. There is a close resemblance in the shell of Archeolepas (A. redtenbacheri) to that of Stramentum, and a further point in common is the reduced carina. The general structure of the shell of that early form of Archeo- lepas also points to the probability that, as in Stramentum, the greater part of the animal’s body was lodged in the peduncle. In this connexion it is interesting that a much more definite peduncle is developed in the Portlandian species Pollicipes royeri, which is undoubtedly an Archeo- lepas; and in the Cretaceous (Neocomian) Archeolepas decora, the peduncle is well defined and almost twice as long as the capitulum. There appears, therefore, to be some relation in drcheolepas between the geological age of the form and the degree of differentiation of the peduncle from the capitulum. It might well be that Archeolepas and Stramentum were originally derived from the same stock, but the two forms were certainly well differentiated in the Cretaceous. _Archeo- lepas evidently developed into a form with a well-defined peduncle, and there is no doubt that it represents one of the 80 Mr. T. H. Withers on ancestors of the Scalpellide. Stramentum, on the other hand, constitutes a highly specialized and aberrant form. Instead of developing a definite peduncle, it specialized in the disposition and arrangement of its plates to form a completely armoured shell. When attached to its object, usually an ammouite, the cirri would not have nearly so much sweep and freedom of movement as in a peduncu- late form. The subsequent splitting of the carina, and the non-intersection or overlap of the plates along the outer margins of the shell, was no doubt evolved to obtain that freedom of movement, and this specialization, while giving a temporary advantage, probably led to its extinction under changing conditions; and the fact that the two sides of the shell were so easily parted would render it especially vulner- able to its enemies. Prof. Gruvel (1905), who has been followed by later authors, has a different conception of the phylogenetic position of Stramentum (= Loricula). He considers that the first remains of cirripedes are represented by the fossils Turrilepas, H. Woodward, and Plumulites, Barrande, and that those fossils constitute the complete imbricated covering of a primitive cirripede. The animal may be said to have been enclosed in a scaly cylinder, which afforded protection to the appendages and soft parts. He considered that later the upper row of plates were more specially developed to form the capitulum and that the remaining rows remained undifferentiated and served to form the peduncle. Loricula is supposed to represent this second stage, and Prof. Gruvel has given some very convincing figures, which have been reproduced in the text-books, as to the structural relation- ship of those two forms. He does not refer at all to Archeo- lepas or any other Jurassic cirripede. Apart from the fact that Turrilepas may not be a cirripede, it is quite clear that Prof. Gruvel has misunderstood the structure of the example of 7. wrightianus figured by Dr. H. Woodward, and on which he based his figure. Instead of Turrilepas having a laterally flattened shell with five rows. of plates on either side as given in Gruvel’s figure (see text-fiz. la, 6), the shell is subtriangular in transverse section (see text-fig. 1a’) and there are four rows of plates only. In fact, the real structure of the two forms is so fundamentally different that it is difficult to imagine that there can be any relationship between them. While it is difficult therefore to see how Turrilepas could give rise to a form like Loricula (text-fig. 2), there is little doubt that certain of the stalked cirripedes were evolved the Cirripede Genus Stramentum. 81 from other cirripedes in which the capitulum and peduncle were not well defined. This is borne out not only by the postlarval development of certain recent pedunculate cirri- pedes, but by the forms of Archeolepas. Such a modification was no doubt independently developed ‘in other lines of CL. eee ol: Fig. 1.— Turrilepas wr ightianus, H. Woodward. a, shell viewed from back and left side. a’, transverse section of shell: m, median plates ; 7, lateral plates. 6, portion of shell enlarged. | (Figs. a, 6, after Gruvel ; a’, after Withers.) Fig. 2. —Stramentum pulchellum, G. B. Sowerby, Jun., sp., showing mode of imbrication of peduncular scales. (After Gruvel.) C., carinal scales; C.L., carino-lateral scales; L., lateral scales ; dial e rostro-lateral scales; R., rostral scales. descent. Having arrived at the pedunculated stage, several forms have independently reduced the peduncle and even- tually assumed the sessile condition. This has been shown in the case of the Verrucide, and there can be no doubt that Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. v. 6 82 | Mr. T. H. Withers on the Balanidez have reached the sessile condition by another route. In conclusion, I wish to thank Dr. F. A. Bather, Dr. W. T. Calman, and Prof. Grenville A. J. Cole for assistance in connection with this paper. LITERATURE. Dames, W. 1878. “Ueber eine neue Art der Cirripeden-Gattung Lorwula aus den Kreide-ablagerungen des Libanon.” Sitz. Gesell. naturf, Freunde, Berlin, pp. 70-74. —. 1885. “Ueber Loriculina noetlingi, nov. spec., von Sahel Alma vom Libanon.” Sitz. Gesell. naturf. Freunde, Berlin, No. 8, pp. 151-155. Darwin, C. 1851. ‘A Monograph on the Fossil Lepadide, or, Pedun- culated Cirripedes of Great Britain.’ Paleontographical Society, London, pp. vi, 88, with 5 pls. —. 1854. ‘A Monograph on the Subclass Cirripedia, the Balanide, Synopsis et Index Systematicus.’ Ray Soc., London, pp. 684, with 30 pls. Fritscu, A. 1877. “Studien im Gebiete der Bohmischen Kreide- formation.—II. Die Weissenberger und Malnitzer Schichten.” Arch. naturw. Landesd. Bohmen, Prague, iv. 151 pp. —. 1889. “Studien im Gebiete der Béhmischen Kreideforma- tion.—IV. Die Teplitzer Schichten.” Arch. naturw. Landesd, Bohmen, Prague, vii. 120 pp. Fritscnu, A. J., and Karka, J. 1887. ‘Die Crustaceen der Boh- mischen Kreideformation, Prag, 4to; pp. 53, 10 pls. col., text-illust. GruveEL, A. 1905. ‘Monographie des Cirripédes ou Thécostraces.’ Pp. xii [iv], 472, text-illust. 8vo. Paris, [1904]. JoLtEAuD, A. 1918. ‘“Séries longitudinales et séries transversales de plaques dans les Cirrhipédes primitifs et dans les Cirrhipédes pédonculés. Simplification de la nomenclature. L’évolution dans le genre Loricula.” Paris C. R. Soe. Biol., Tom. lxxiv. pp. 58-60, —. 19138. “Le capitule dans le genre Pollicipes. Aflinités de Pollicipes avec Archeolepas et de Mitella avec Loricula.” Paris C. R. Soc. Biol., Tom, lxxiv. pp. 420-422. ——. 1916. “Kssai sur l’évolution générale et la classification des Cirripédes primitifs et pédonculés pourvus de plaques calcaires.” Ann. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. Marseille, Tom. xv. Mem. No. 5, pp. 55, pls. 5-8, text-figs. ‘ Karka, J. 1886. “ Prispevek ku poznani cirripedu ceského atvaru kridového.” Sitz. Ber. k. Bohm. Ges. Wiss. Prag (1885), pp. 554-81, pls. iii. Logan, W. N. 1897. “Some new Cirriped Crustaceans from the Niobrara Cretaceous of Kansas.” Kansas Univ. Quarterly, vi. pp- 187-189. ——. 1898. ‘The Invertebrates of the Benton, Niobrara, and Ft. Pierre Cretaceous.—Pt. VIII.” Univ. Geol. Sury. Kansas, iv., Paleeonto- logy, pt. i. pp. 483-518, pls. Ixxxvi.—cxx. MacApam, J. 1858. “On a new fossil Cirripede [with Description of the Fossil, by Prof. Wyville Thomson].” Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, vol. i. pp. 821-325, text-fig. the Cirripede Genus Stramentum, 83 Morris, J. 1854, ‘A Catalogue of British Fossils .., with references to their Geological Distribution and to the Localities in which they have been found.’ 8vo. London, 2nd ed. etc., pp. viii, 372. Piuspry, H. A. 1916, “The Sessile Barnacles (Cirripedia) contained in the Collections of the U.S. National Museum; including a Monograph of the American Species.” Bulletin 93, United States National Museum, pp. xii, 366, 76 pls., 99 text-figs, SALTER, J. W., and Woopwarp, H. 1865. ‘A Descriptive Catalogue of all the Genera and Species contained in the accompanying Chart of Fossil Crustacea, showing the Range in Time of the several Orders, with some recent types.’ London, 4to; pp. ii, 28, with pl. Sowersy, G. B., Jun, 1843. “ Description of a new Fossil Cirripede from the Upper Chalk near Rochester.” Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (1) xii. pp. 260-1, figs. 1, 2. Tuomson, Prof. WyviIL_e (1858), see MacApam, J. (1858). Wairravss, J. F, 1889, “On some Cretaceous Fossils from British Columbia, the North-West Territory and Manitoba.” Contrib, Canadian Paleontology, i. pt. ii. pp. 151-196, pls. xx.-xxvi. Wituiston, 8S. W. 1897. “The Kansas Niobrara Cretaceous,” Univ. Geol. Surv. Kansas, ii. pp. 237-246, pl. xxxvi. Wirners, T. H. 1911. “Some Cirripedes from the Chalk of Salisbury, Wilts.” Geol. Mag. dec. v. vol. vill. pp. 21-31, text-figs. 1-3. Woopwarp, H. 1877. ‘British Museum Catalogue of British Fossil Crustacea, with their Synonyms and the Range in Time ot each Genus and Order.’ London, 8vo; pp. xii, 155, —. 1908. ‘On a large Cirripede belonging to the Genus Loricwla, from the Middle Chalk (Turonian), Cuxton, near Rochester, Kent.” Geol. Mag. dec. y. vol. v. pp. 491-499, text-tigs. 1, 2. —. 1908. “Additional Note on Lorieula.”” Geol. Mag. dec. v. vol. v. p. 564. ZitTEL, K. A. von. 1884. “ Bemerkungen iiber einige fossile Lepaditen aus dem lithographischen Schiefer und der oberen Kreide.” Sitz. k,-bayr. Akad, Munich, xiy. Ift. iv. pp. 577-689, text-tigs. 1-5, EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES, PLATE LIL. Stramentum pulchelium, G. B. Sowerby, Jun., sp. Turonian (Rhynchonella cuviert-zone) : Cuxton, near Rochester, Went. ‘ig. 1. Remains of two individuals with the outer surface of the right side of the shell uppermost. A, represents an incomplete sheil showing the greater part of a peduncle with the riyht scutum (s) of the capituium in position, underneath which can just be seen the edge of the deft scutum (s'). The remaining capitular plates of the right side, as well as many of the subcarinal and carino- lateral scales of the upper part of the peduncle have been broken away, thus leaving exposed the inner surface of the left tergunr ('), deft carinal-latus (cl'), and about eight of the left carino- lateral scales (cls'). B, represents part of the right side of a peduncle, at the base of which can be seen the inner surface of several scales of the deft side of the shell. Circa x 2 diam, Fig. 2, An almost complete shell showing the outer surface of the left side. All the capitular plates—carina, carinal-latus, tergum, 2 ie 84 Mr. R. E. Turner on upper latus, and scutwm are present, and the inner surface of the right scutum (s) and that of many of the subscutal scales of the peduncle can av seen projecting from beneath the opposing series. Circa X 2 diam. (Figs. 1 and 2 represent the three syntypes of Zoricula darwint, H. Woodward, all three shells being muck flattened transversely.) Fig. 3. A shell (the holotype of Z. pulchella, G. B. Sowerby, Jun.) with the outer surface of the deft side uppermost, and showing the scutum (s’), upper latus (w’), and carinal-latus (c/’), the carina and tergum being absent from the capitulum. This shell has a much greater transverse convexity than those represented by figs. 1 and 2. Circa x 3 diam. PLATE IV. Stramentum haworthi, 8. W. Williston, sp. Senonian (Niobrara series): Kansas, U.S.A. Fig. 1. Remains of two immature individuals. A, the right side of a shell with the inner surface uppermost, the carina only missing of the capitular valves, and the scutum (s) shows the adductor muscle-pit ; the peduncle has only twelve scales. B, the lower part of a peduncle with its inner surface exposed. C, capitular valves probably belonging to B, and consisting of the linear carina (c), the right carinal- latus (el), left upper latus showing inner surface, and paired scuta (s), the deft seutwm being broken and exposing ‘the right scutum beneath. Circa X 6 diam. Fig. 2. A fine example of a shell lying on its right side, and owing to the displacement of the capitular valves both the left and right vaives can be seen, the right scutum (s) showing the adductor muscle-pit ; the peduncle in the main shows the inner surface of the three median series of scales of the r ight side of the shell, except that the whole of the left carimo-lateral scales (cls’) are present. Circa x 4'5 diam. : Fig. 3. A shell with the right side uppermost and showing the whole of the capitular valves, the carina (c) being somewhat incomplete. Cirea X 4°5 diam. VII.—On Indo-Chinese Hymenoptera collected by R. Vitalis . de Salvaza—lV. By Rowxanp HK. Turner, F.Z.8., F.E.S. Superfamily TENTHREDINOIDEA, Family Tenthredinide. Subfamily Czuzrermz. Clavellaria (Euclavellaria) marginata, sp. n. Q. Fusco-nigra ; capite thoraceque obscure nigro-chalceis ; pro- podeo nigro-zneo, apice anguste ochraceo-fasciato; tergitis nigris, opacis, apice anguste ochraceo- fasciatis, sternito apicali Indo- Chinese Hymenoptera. 85 ochraceo ; :clypeo labroque luteis; genis, mandibulis, apice ex- cepto, antennis articulis quatuor basalibus, seutello, tibiis tarsis- que fusco-ferrugineis ; pronoto margine postico tegulisque ochra- ceis; alis subhyalinis, anticis basi et dimidio costali fortiter infuscatis, venis fuscis. Long. 15 mm. ?. Clypeus broad and transverse at the apex, not emar- ginate; labrum large, very broadly rounded at the apex, Antennee longer than the thorax, the third joint about three times as long as the fourth; fifth as long as the fourth, gradually thickened from the base, and very distinetly sepa- rated from the club; sixth joint nearly as broad at the apex _as long, not fused into the club; the joints beyond the sixth fused together, about twice as long as broad. Front and vertex closely and finely punctured-rugose ; clypeus finely punctured and sparsely clothed with short black hairs; vertical area longer than broad, the lateral grooves only distinct poste- viorly, Thorax finely and closely punctured-rugulose ; scu- tellum moderately convex, with a distinct but shallow median groove. Propodeum sparsely punctured, with a strongly raised longitudinal carina which is almost tuberculate at the base. Abdominal tergites opaque, very finely and closely punctured. ‘Third transverse cubital nervure straight, the second oblique. Hab, Chapa, Tonkin, May 25, 1916. This seems nearer to the Kast Siberian species C. gractlenta, Moes., and to the Formosan C. formosana, Hnsl., than to the two species already described from Tonkin, but is very differently coloured. ‘The club of the antenne is much more slender than in the Huropean C. amerine, corresponding in this character with the other Oriental species, Abia vitalisi, sp. n. @. Purpurea; mandibulis, palpis, antennis tarsisque nigris ; valvulis flavis ; alis flavis, anticis cellula cubitali apicali infus- cata ; venis testaceis, apice fuscis. Long. 14 mm. Q. Robust, the whole insect with short black hairs. Front and clypeus closely and finely punctured, vertex much more sparsely punctured, cheeks smooth and shining. Clypeus very feebly emarginate at the apex, almost transverse. Hyes strongly divergent towards the clypeus. Antenne seven- jointed, third joint slender, a little thickened towards the apex, twice as long as the fourth ; fourth and fifth joints subequal 86 Mr. R. E. Turner on in length, broadened from the base, the fifth about half as broad again at the apex as the fourth, the sixth joint shorter hy one-third and half as broad again at the apex as the fifth, seventh joint very stout, nearly as long as the sixth. Vertex with a deep, broad, longitudinal depression reaching to the ocellar region; eyes separated on the vertex by a distance equal to about two-thirds of the length of the third joint of the flagellum. Mesonotum closely and finely punctured ; mesopleurse convex, rather more sparsely punctured; scu- tellum obliquely sloped anteriorly, closely punctured. Ab- domen robust, very closely punctured, the three basal seg- ments with a shallow longitudinal impressed line in the middle; all the segments strongly depressed at the base. Tarsal ungues shallowly bifid at the apex. Hab, Xieng Khouang, March 18. Described from three females. The fuscous cloud at the apex of the fore wing is very variable in extent, and in one specimen is wholly absent. The species bears a strong superficial resemblance to the Chinese species Athermantus imperialis, Sm., which belongs to the Argine. Subfamily Arermz. Pampsilota euterpe, sp. n. 2. Nigro-purpurea; antennis nigris; abdomine ochraceo, pro- podeo tergitisque secundo tertioque transverse nigro maculatis ; sternito apicali extremo apice nigro; alis fusco-violaceis, apice dilutioribus ; venis nigris. Long. 12 mm. ?. Clypeus shallowly emarginate at the apex, minutely punctured and sparsely clothed with black hairs; frontal sulcus deep and broad, with strong lateral carine. Antennee a little longer than the thorax, clothed with very short black hairs, the third joint thickened to the apex, below with two longitudinal caring, above rounded and without distinct earine. Vertical area very short and broad, not distinctly defined laterally. Head and thorax shining, almost smooth, the punctures microscopic; the dorsal surface of the thorax clothed with extremely short black hairs; the thorax much broader than the very smal] head. Abdomen broad, smooth, the vagina short and stout. Wings ample; the third abscissa of the radius about equal to the first and second combined ; third transverse: cubital nervure rather feebly Indo- Chinese Hymenoptera. 87 curved outwards above the middle ; second recurrent nervure interstitial with the second transverse cubital nervure. Hab. Chapra, Tonkin, May 7-21, 1916. Differs from the other Oriental species of the genus in the colour of thorax. The black marks on the basal tergites are not constant, Subfamily Vewrurepryry 2. Tribe SELANDRIADES. Selandria ceruleiceps, Cam. Selandria ceruleiceps, Cam, Mem. Manchester Lit. & Phil. Soc. xliii. p. 45 (1899). 9. Four males from Hanoi, taken in April, differ from the description of the females in having the legs entirely whitish, the base of the cox only black, and the tarsi infuscate at the apex. It is possible that these represent a distinct species, but as the difference may only be sexual, I do not think it would be justifiable to treat them as distinct. The costa is thickened before the stigma, so I follow Cameron in placing the species in Selandria, and not transferring it to Stromboceros, as is done by Konow, Tuxonus varicolor, sp. n. Q. Nigra; antennis articulis 5 apicalibus, quinto basi infuscato, labro, pronoto, scutello, postscutello maculis tribus parvis, macn- laque parva sub alis albis; propodeo, segmentis abdominalibus duobus basalibus pedibusque rufo-testaceis ; tibiis posticis apice extremo, metatarsisque posticis, apice excepto, nigris; tarsis posticis, basi nigris, luteis; alis hyalinis, venis nigris, stigmate basi luteo-maculato ; alis posticis cellulis medianis clausis nullis. Long. 9 mm. ?. Clypeus broadly truncate at the apex; head closely and strongly punctured, not narrowed behind the eyes; vertical area broader than long posteriorly, narrowed ante- riorly, a smooth shining space on each side of the area. An- tenne shorter than the abdomen, slender, third joint scarcely longer than the fourth, more than half as long again as the fifth, which is as long as the three apical joints combined. Mesothorax ratlier closely punctured; scutellum flattened, shining, and very sparsely punctured. Hind coxe broad and long, closely punctured, the hind femora reaching to the apex of the abdomen ; hind metatarsus stout, as long as the four apical tarsal joints combined. Second recurrent nervure 88 . Mr. R. E. Turner on, - received just beyond the second transverse cubital nervure ; the transverse nervure of the humeral cell very long and strongly oblique. ' Hab. Hué, Annam, February 1915; 1 9. This belongs to the section of the genus in which the cubi- tellan and discoidellan cells are not closed, the intercubitella and recurrentella being absent. The truncate clypeus and the lengthened hind coxee are unusual in the genus. In the former character it resembles 7. rufobalteatus, Cam., described as a Stobla, which seems to be its nearest relation. Beleses atrofemoratus, sp. n. @. Testacea; antennis articulis 2-4, mandibulis apice, femoribus posticis, tibiis posticis apice, tarsis posticis, maculaque inter ocellos nigris; tergitis 5-7 in medio infuscatis; alis flavo- hyalinis, tertio apicali leviter infuscatis, stigmate basi flavo, apice nigro. Long. 10 mm. 9. Mandibles broad, bidentate ; clypeus short, minutely punctured, very feebly emarginate at the apex, almost trans- verse. Head closely and rather strongly punctured, not narrowed behind the eyes ; vertical area a little broader than long, the lateral grooves well defined. Antenne tapering to the apex, densely clothed with short hairs, the third and fourth joints subequal. Pubescence of the head and thorax blackish.. Thorax sparsely and finely punctured, much more closely and coarsely on the mesopleurze than on the dorsal surface. Abdomen smooth and shining. Hind metatarsus distinctly less than twice as long as the four apical joints of the hind tarsus combined, the fourth joint asymmetrical, scarcely half as long as the third ; tarsal ungues bifid. Hind wing with a closed median cell, but without a closed cubital cell. The basal nervure of the fore wing reaches the costa at the point of origin of the cubitus. Hab, Chapa, Tonkin, June; Thatom, Laos, September 1915. | Easily distinguished from B. stigmaticalis, Cam., and B. fulvus, Cam., by the black hind femora. Tribe TENTHREDINES. Siobla maxima, sp. n. @. Fulva; celypeo labroque flavis; mandibulis apice, mesonoto lateribus maculaque magna triangulari antice, mesosterno, pro- podeoque in medio nigris; tergitis apicalibus in medio spe in- Indo- Chinese Hymenoptera. 89 fuscatis ; alis flavo-hyalinis, anticis apice leviter infuscatis, venis nigris, Long. 17 mm. 9. Clypeus finely punctured, transverse at the apex, labrum broadly rounded and sparsely covered with pale hairs. Head punctured-rugose, a little swollen behind the eyes ; vertical area broader than long, the lateral furrows distinct. Eyes very distinctly convergent towards the clypeus. An- tenne nine-jointed ; fourth and. fifth joints subequal, com- bined about equal in length to the third. Thorax rather closely punctured ; scutellum strongly convex, obliquely sloped from the base, rather abruptly truncate posteriorly, Propodenm with a longitudinal carina in the middle at the base; the basal tergites smooth, the fourth and two following tergites rather closely punctured on the sides. Hind coxee rather long; hind femora stout, scarcely reaching to the apex of the abdomen ; joints of the hind tarsi distinctly arcuate beneath, the hind metatarsus about equal in length to the four apical tarsal joints combined ; tarsal ungues strongly bifid. Humeral cell divided far beyond the middle by a strongly oblique nervure ; basal nervure half as far from the base of the cubitus as that is from the base of the radius. Hab, Chapa, Tonkin, May and June 1916. This.is congeneric with Siobla mooreana, Cam., the type of Stobla, which belongs to the Tenthredinine, and is allied to Macrophya, though well distinguished by the oblique dividing nervure of the humeral cell. The genus is identical with Encarsioneura, Konow, which must sink. Colochelyna fulva, sp. n. @. Fulvo-ochracea ; flagello, articulis primo toto secundoque basi exceptis, tibiisque tarsisque posticis nigris; mandibulis flavis, apice nigris ; clypeo, labro, propodeo, tibiisque tarsisque anticis intermediisque flavis; alis flavis, venis fulvis, Long. 17 mm. @?. Head narrower than the thorax; clypeus broadly truncate at the apex; eyes converging moderately towards the clypeus, very narrowly separated from the base of the mandibles ; third joint of the antenne nearly as long as the three following joints combined, the joints beyond the fourth eradually decreasing in length; vertical area half as broad again as long. Head and thorax closely punctured and clothed with very short golden hairs; the vertical area divided by a low longitudinal carina ; scutellum strongly 90 Mr. R. E. Turner on convex, subconical; propodeum smooth and shining, with a median longitudinal carina; abdomen very closely and minutely punctured ; mesopleurze swollen below, but not tuberculate ; vagina strongly exserted. Humeral cell of the fore wing divided beyond the middle by an almost perpen- dicular feebly curved nervure. Third abscissa of the radius twice as long as the second. Hab. Chapa, Tonkin, May 27,1916; 1 9°. This is nearly allied to C. magrettii, Konow, which occurs in the same locality, but differs in the much paler colouring of the thorax and abdomen ; in the longitudinal carina of the propodeum, which almost reaches the apex, but in magrettiz is only represented by a tubercle at the base; in the less strongly swollen mesopleur, and in the black antenne and hind tibie and tarsi. Tenthredella vitalisi, sp. n. ©. Ochracea; mandibulis apice, antennis, tibiisque tarsisque posticis nigris; mandibulis, clypeo labroque flavis; alis flavis, apice late fuscis; scutello mesopleurisque infra tuberculatis, od. Femine similis. Long., 9 15 mm., ¢ 14 mm. g, narrowly rounded at the apex and sparsely punctured. Eyes converging toward the clypeus ; antenne clothed with very short black hairs, the third joint about one-quarter longer than the fourth; frontal sulcus with strongly raised lateral carine which are raised into rounded tubercles above the base of the antenne, and extend posteriorly. to the hind ocelli ; vertical area broader posteriorly than long, but as long as the ante- rior breadth, finely and closely punctured and divided by a very shallow longitudinal groove. ‘Thorax finely and closely punctured; scutellum raised into a conical tubercle; the mesopleuree produced into a large blunt tubercle below, very distinctly carinate behind the tubercle; mesosternum with an acute tubercle on each side before the intermediate coxe. The fuscous border of the fore wing reaches te the apex of the stigma. Hab. Chapa, Tonkin, May 27, 1916; 1 2. Tong King, Haut Mékong, April 13, 1918; 1 @. This belongs to the group of 7. zanthoptera, Cam., and may he distinguished from other species of the group by the wholly black autennee and the wholly ochraceous abdomen. ?. Clypeus emarginate ; labrum long Indo- Chinese Hymenoptera. IL Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA. Family Braconide. Subfamily Bracoyryz. Medinoschiza laosensis, sp. n. @. Nigra; capite, thorace, pedibus anticis intermediisque, tibiisque tarsisque posticis testaceis; antennis, mandibulis apice, meso- notoque antice lateribusque nigris; alis flavis, apice leviter infumatis, macula magna ante stigmatis basin fusca. Long. 14 mm., terebre long. 13 mm.; antennarum, long. 11 mm., 65-articulatis. 9. Head large, cubical; eyes oval, temples as broad as the eyes ; cheeks long, more than half as long as the eyes, slightly concave. Face sparsely and rather finely punetured, sparsely clothed with long brown hairs; vertex and front smooth and shining, the front between the anterior ocellus and the base of the antenne rather deeply excavated, the concave area not reaching the eyes. ‘Thorax smooth and shining ; notauli narrow but distinct ; scutellum not separated by a groove from the mesonotum. Median segment shining ; with a few small scattered punctures, each bearing a black hair; the sides of the segment and the hind coxe more closely punctured. First tergite about half as long again as broad, the marginal lateral carine very strong, the longi- tudinal lateral grooves transversely rugulose; the raised median portion with two longitudinal caring, the space between them smooth and shining, the space between them and the lateral grooves longitudinally rugulose. Second tergite broadened from tle base, twice as broad at the apex as long, irregularly obliquely striated ; with a large, smooth, and shining diamond-shaped basal area, from the apex of which a carina runs to the apex of the segment; second suture strongly crenulate; tergites 3-5 smooth and shining, the basal angles of the third with an area separated from the rest of the tergite by a shallow groove. The apical tergites testaceous brown, microscopically punctured, and sparsely clothed with fulvous hairs. Hypopygium pointed, projecting beyond the apical tergite ; valvule clothed with very short hairs. Legs densely clothed with short hairs; hind meta- tarsus as long as the three following joints combined ; calearia short, about one-quarter of the length of the hind metatarsus. Radius originating at one-third from the base of the stigma ; second abscissa of the radius very long, longer than the third ; recurrent nervure interstitial, nervulus very slightly 99 Mr. R. E. Turner on postfurcal. The fuscous spot on the fore wing occupies the base of the first cubital cell and the upper basal portion of the first discoidal cell. Hab. Xieng Khouang, Laos, May 13, 1919. Closely related to the type of this genus, MW. eratocephala, Cam., from the Solomons, though very different in colour. The form of the head and the distinctly postfurcal nervulus seem to be the chief characters dividing the genus from Ipobracon, to which it is very close. Medinoschiza eacerpta, sp. n ?. Very similar to IZ. laosensis, but is less robust; the wings are without a fuscous mark; the hind legs and the apical tergites wholly black; the third tergite coarsely rugose on the sides, and the sculpture on the two basal tergites closer. Long. 11 mm. ; terebree, long. 11 mm. Hab. Tonkin, May 1917. I think the colour-differences, combined with the differences in the sculpture of the abdomen, are sufficient to separate this from /aosensis; but the range of variation in the family is still little understood. Chaoilta intrudens, Sm., subsp. nigriscapis, nov. ?. Differs from the typical form from Celebes in having the scape entirely black. Hab. Muong You, Luang Prabang, May 25, 1919; 1 9. Not recorded from any intermediate locality. Subfamily Hxorzxcrvz. Spinaria attenuata, Westw. Spinaria attenuata, Westw. Tijdschr. f. Entom. xxv. p. 80 (1882). 9°. Subsp. flavostigma, nov. ?. Differs from the typical form from Borneo in having the stigma entirely clear yellow, and a large yellow patch below the stigma occupying the whole of the first cubital cell excepting the extreme base. Hab, Luang Prabang, September 15, 1917. Subfamily Raocaprvz. Megarhogas indochinensis, sp. n. 2. Testacea; pedibus anticis intermediisque palpisque pallide Indo- Chinese Hymenoptera. Te flavo-testaceis ; alis hyalinis, anticis in medio hic illic fusco leviter suffusis, venis flavo-testaceis ; stigmate magno, dimidio basali piceo, dimidio apicali pallide flavo. Long. 12 mm.; antennarum long. 16 mm. 9. Eyes large and prominent, widely emarginate in the middle of the inner orbits; ocelli large, narrowly separated from: each other ; vertex short, narrowed rapidly behind the eyes, the occipital carina feebly arched. Vertex smooth and shining, face closely and rather finely punctured, raised along the median line, cheeks very short ; antenne very long and slender, about 83-jointed; maxillary palpi very long and slender. Notauli deep, minutely crenulate, the mesonotum finely and closely punctured, mesopleure rather sparsely punctured. Median segment with a distinct median carina and several lower transverse caring on each side, an irregular undulating carina on the lateral margin of the dorsal surface ; the sides of the segment finely rugulose, with short strong striee above. Abdomen finely longitudinally rugulose on the dorsal surface, subpetiolate, the two basal tergites with a strong median longitudinal carina ; first tergite broadened. from the base, three times as long as its apical breadth, the spiracles situated at about two-fifths from the base, the apical angles produced into a very distinct tubercle on each side ; second tergite about twice as long as its apical breadth, about three-quarters of the length of the first segment, second suture strongly crenulate ; third tergite as broad at the apex as long, very little more than half as long as the second; fourth and fifth tergites the broadest ; terebra very short. Hind calearia short and curved, shorter than the fourth joint of the hind tarsi. Radius in hind wing strongly upeurved in the middle ; first transverse cubital nervure meeting the cubitus at right angles; second abscissa of the radius long, strongly swollen at the base, and distinctly curved on the basal third. Hab. Muong You, Luang Prabang, November 13; 1 9. Very nearly related to Md. mindanaensis, Baker, but seems to be paler in colour, the first tergite seems to be somewhat more slender, there is no median carina on the third tergite in the present species, and the hind calcaria seem to be some- what shorter. Troporhogas, Cam. (1905), must, I think, sink as a synonym of this genus. Subfamily Macrocenrrina. Macrocentrus tricoloratus, sp. n. 9. Nigra; mandibulis, apice excepto, palpis, clypeo, orbitis, pro- 94 Mr. R. I. Turner on thorace, tegulis, mesopleuris postice, segmento mediano lateribus, sternitis tribus basalibus, pedibus anticis intermediisque tarsisque posticis pallide flavis; antennis articulis octavo sequentibusque pallide testaceis ; tergitis duobus basalibus, tertio dimidio basali, terebra, pedibusque posticis ferrugineis; alis hyalinis, irides- centibus, venis nigris, stigmate dimidio basali sordide flavo. Long. 9 mm.; terebre long. 10 mm. ?. Antenne more than 45-jointed, the extremity broken, third joint long, at least as long as the third joint of the maxillary palpi, more than half as long again as the scape. Face broad, finely punctured ; eyes parallel; posterior ocelli separated from the eyes by a distance distinctly greater than their diameter. Mesonotum smooth and shining ; notauli deep and crenulate ; the depressed portion of the mesonotum behind the median lobe irregularly transversely striated. Scutellum sparsely punctured; median segment rugose- reticulate ; pleurze shining, sparsely punctured. Abdomen slender, longer than the head, thorax, and median segment combined, inserted higher than the hind coxe ; the three basal tergites very finely and closely longitudinally striated ; the third at the apex and the following segments very dis- tinctly and rather closely punctured, and sparsely clothed with short grey hairs ; first tergite about half as long again as the second, very little broader at the apex than at the base ; second tergite twice as long as broad ; third longer than broad ; fourth: broader than long. Valvule clothed sparsely with short black hairs. Second abscissa of the radius twice as long as the first ; second transverse cubital nervure scarcely more than half as long as the first abscissa of the radius. Nervulus slightly postfurcal. Hab. Xieng Khouang, Laos, April 19, 1919. Superfamily VESPOIDEA. Family Psammocharide. Cryptochilus auranticornis, sp. n. 2. Nigra; nigro-pilosa; antennis aurantiacis; tibiis tarsisque brunneo-ferrugineis ; mandibulis in medio, clypeo macula basali, orbitisque fusco-ferrugineis ; alis flavis, basi ad nervulam basalem infuscatis, apice extremo leviter infuscatis; venis fulvis, basi nigris. Long. 32 mm. ?. Clypeus finely shagreened, with a few large setigerous punctures, broadly truncate at the apex. Antennal tubercles Indo- Chinese H. lymenoptera. 95 prominent, rounded ; antenne long, slender at the apex, second joint of the flagellum more than twice as long as the scape. Front finely transversely rugulose, with a shallow median sulcus reaching to the anterior ocellus, vertex micro- scopically punctured. Head and thorax clothed with black hairs ; pronotum widely arched posteriorly, the arch not angled in the middle; scutellum rather strongly convex. Median segment transversely striate; the striz moderately coarse, but not much elevated, a low blunt tubercle on each side near the basal angles ; the posterior slope gradual, not. sharply divided from the dorsal surface. Abdomen shining, clothed with minute, close-lying, black hairs; the apical tergite densely clothed with long, stout, dark hairs. Legs long, length of hind tibia 11 mmi., of hind metatarsus 8 mm. ; hind tibia serrate, tarsal ungues unidentate. Second abscissa of the radius nearly as long as the third ; first recurrent nervure received very distinctly before the second transverse cubital nervure ; second just beyond one-third from the base of the third cubital cell. Hab. Than Moi, Tonkin, June 20, 1917; 1 9. This closely resembles superficially Hemipepsis sycophanta, Grib., but is a more slender insect and belongs to a different genus. Throughout the larger Psammocharide these super- ficial resemblances between species of different genera from the same locality are common. Whether the tarsal ungues of the male of this species are unidentate or bifid remains to be seen, Cryptochilus fulvus, sp. n. @. Nigra; capite, prothorace, mesonoto, scutello, postscutello, abdomine segmentis tertio apice, quarto, quinto, sextoque, pedi- busque aurantiacis; coxis intermediis posticisque nigris; alis flavis, margine apicali anguste fuscis ; unguiculis unidentatis. 3. Femine similis; fronte, coxis anticis, trochanteribus, femori- busque intermediis posticisque basi nigris; unguiculis bifidis. Long., 2 15-20, g 13 mm, ?. Clypeus broadly subtruncate at the apex; labrum broadly truncate. Frontal prominence well developed, forming a bilobed projection between the antennz ; second joint of the flagel um about half as long again as the scape. Pronotum with an indistinct longitudinal sulcus in the middle, broadly and shallowly arched posteriorly ; the head and dorsal surface of the thorax rather sparsely clothed with short close- lying golden hairs. Median segment very closely trans- versely rugose-striate, truncate posteriorly, the posterior 96 rehire RR: E. Tubaat on : truncation not sharply divided from the dorsal surface. Ab- domen shining, very finely coriaceous, with scattered punc- tures ; the apical segment densely clothed with coarse golden. hairs. The transverse groove near the base of the second sternite is almost straight. Hind tibie strongly serrate. Second abscissa of the radius longer than the third, the first and fourth about equal. First recurrent nervure received at about four-fifths from the base of the second cubital cell, second distinctly before the middle of the third cubital cell. Cubitus of the hind wing originating distinctly beyond the transverse median nervure. $. Clypeus narrower than in the female, the eyes con- verging below,,not parallel as in the female. Hind tibize spined, not serrate. Seventh tergite broadly subtruncate at the apex. Hab. Vien Than, May and June 1915; also from Mergui and Middle Tenasserim (Bingham). This is the species figured by Bingham (Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 1895) as Sphex flava of Fabricius; but it does not correspond to the description, several of the apical seoments being fulvous in this species, only one in flava. I feel confident that Dahlbom was right in his identification of flava after consulting the Fabrician collection. Probably the type was in that collection, as Fabricius makes no statement to the contrary. But Fabricius evidently had a very coufused idea of his own species, as a specimen identified by him as. flava in the Banksian collection is a female with bifid tarsal ungues, and from his description of a variety in Ent. Syst. I suspect that he has also confused Batozonus unifasctatus, Sm., with flava. Bingham, in ‘ Fauna of British India’ (4897); after examining the specimen labelled flava in the Banksian Collection, still regarded this species as an extreme variety of ava. But he cannot have noticed the tarsal ungues. In the same work Bingham rightly sinks Priocnemis humberti- anus, Sauss., as a synonym of flava, though it is undoubtedly distinct from the specimen in the Banksian Collection.. As- the matter stands, I consider we have three species which have been eonfused by Bingham under flava :— 1, Cryptochilus flavus, Fabr. Sphex flava, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 852 (1775). Priocnemis flavus, Dahlb. Hym. Europ. i. p. 457 (1845). Priocnemis humbertianus, Sauss. Reise de Novara, Zool. ii. p. 63 (1867). 2d. In this species the tarsal ungues are unidentate in both SEXES. Indo- Chinese Hymenoptera. oF 2. Cryptochilus falsus, sp. n, Described above. Tarsal ungues unidentate in the female, bifid in the male. 3. Cyphononyx peregrinus, Sm, ab. disjunctus, n. ? g. Differs from the typical peregrinus in the colour of the wings, which are yellow, with a narrow apical fuscous margin, not fusco-violaceous entirely as in the typical form. The tarsal ungues are bifid in both sexes. This is the preva- lent form in Western India, but occurs with the typical form in Sikkim. I have taken it in Ceylon, and its range also extends to China and Pegu, though in Further India and the Indo-Malayan region the dark-winged form is dominant. The genitalia of a Western yellow-winged male differ slightly from those of a Burmese dark-winged male, but the difference is so slight that I do not think it would be justifiable to treat it as a separate species. ‘This is the Sphew flava of the Banksian Collection. Cryptosalius tonkinensis, sp. n. @. Nigra; femoribus posticis ferrugineis, apice nigris; tergitis 4 basalibus fasciis utrinque apicalibus argenteo-sericeis ; alis fusco- hyalinis, venis fuscis. Long. 15 mm. ?. Clypeus short and broad, truncate at the apex; labrum exposed, broadly truncate at the apex. Antenne stout, about as long as the head, thorax, and median segment com- bined, not tapering much to the apex, the second and third joints of the flagellum subequal. Front feebly convex, with a short impressed longitudinal line, which does not reach halfway to the anterior ocellus ; the frontal prominence above the antennz rather narrowly rounded at the apex. Myes reaching to the base of the mandibles, temples obsolete. Head and thorax opaque, rather sparsely punctured, with very minute close punctures between the larger punctures, Pronotum short, no longer than the scutellum, rounded at the anterior angles, the posterior margin very broadly and feebly arched. Median segment broader than long, obliquely sloped posteriorly, the apical half of the dorsal surface strongly transversely striate, a deep sulcus from base to apex, the basal half delicately transversely rugulose. ‘Tarsal ungues bifid; hind tibize almost smooth, with a few minute spines, Second and third abscisse of the radius subequal in one specimen, in another the third distinctly the longer ; second Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser, 9. Vol. v. 7 98 Mr. R. Jeannel on recurrent nervure joining the cubitus at right angles at the middle of the third cubital cell. Hab. Chapa, Tonkin, May and June 1916. This has the third cubital cell longer than in C. rava, Bingh., and the pronotum distinctly shorter, but is certainly congeneric, Tle genus is very near Lissoenemis, Kohl., but differs in the absence of the mark at the base of the discoidal cell which is present in Lissocnemis as in Hemipepsis. ‘To Lissocnemis must be assigned the Indian Salius brevipennis, Cam. VIII.—Sur quelques Trechine [ Coleoptera, Carabidee] du British Museum. Par R. JEANNEL. I. Especes A MERICAINES. Genre CniEs, Motschoulsky. Cnides, Motschoulsky, 1862, Etudes entom. xi. p. 38 (génotype: C. rostratus, Motsch.), Dans la diagnose du genre Cnides par Motschoulsky, se trouvent des erreurs grossiéres concernant la forme du labre et du menton. Mais malgré cela, les caractéres assez extra- ordinaires du genre sont suffisamment indiqués pour per- mettre de conserver le nom donné par Motschoulsky. Putzeys, dans sa “‘ Monographie” (Stett. ent. Zeit. 1870), range d’abord Cnides parmi les sous-genres de Trechus, Clairv. (p. 9), mais plus loin, & propos de Vespéce J. rostratus, Motsch., il parait plutét rejeter entigrement cette coupe (p. 189). En réalité, comme avait observé Motschoulsky, Cnides se rapproche davantage des Pert/eptus que des Trechus. Comme chez les premiers la strie suturale n’est pas récurrente et le quatriéme article des tarses porte une expansion lamelleuse ventrale ; mais chez Cnides les palpes ne sont pas subulés. Diagnose.—Téte avec des sillons frontaux arqués, com- plets; yeux glabres. Labre transverse, échancré ; labium non soudé, avec sa dent médiane saillante, bifide. Dernier article des palpes conique, mais un peu plus gréle que le précédent. Pronotum a angles postérieurs saillants. Hlytres sans bourrelet basal; strie suturale toujours entiére, souvent seule indiquée, trés rapprochée de la suture a la base, s’en écartant fortement au milieu. A [apex il n’existe pas de bourrelet apical, la strie suturale se continue par la gouttiere / some Trechinse in the British Museum. 99 marginale et il n’existe pas trace de crosses A l’extrémité des stries. Tibias antérieurs droits; carénés sur leur face externe. Tarses & quatriéme article pourvu d’une expansion lamelleuse ventrale atteiguant le sommet de ’onychium. Pour le reste semblable &7rechus, Clairv. Le genre Cnides renferme les trois especes ciférs ci-dessous des collections du British Museum et une quatiiéme espéce : C. angustatus, Solier, 1849, Gay, Hist. Chili, Zool, iv. p. 155 ( Trechus). Cnides rostratus, Motschoulsky, 1862, Etudes entomologiques, xi. p. 40 (types: foréts de ’isthme de Panama); Putzeys, 1870, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxxi. p. 189. Colombie: Cali, 3 9 (coll. Fry). L’espéce est encore connue du Vénézuela (coll. Chaudoir). Cnides monolcus, Putzeys, 1870, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxxi. p. 191 (type: Chili). Chili: Valparaiso (Germain). Cnides rugosifrons, sp. 0. Long. 4 mm. Peu convexe, avec l’avant corps court et trés étroit, les élytres larges et paralléles. Coloration brun de poix brillant, avec les palpes, Jes antennes, les épipleures du pronotum et des élytres rougeatres, les pattes testacées pales. ‘l’éguments glabres, finement alutacés et mats sur la téte et le pronotum. Téte plus large que longue, & sillons frontaux tres diver- gents en avant, rapprochés l’un de lautre a la partie anté- rieure du vertex, puis s’écartant dans de proiondes fossettes ; un point enfoncé sur le milieu du vertex ; front trés rugueux, irréguliérement. plissé entre les sillons et les yeux. Yeux trés saillants, convexes, deux 4 trois fwis plus longs que les tempes. Antennes atteignant le tiers basal des élytres ; Varticle II. est aussi long que la moitié du III., nettement plus court que le IV. ; les articles apicaux sont cylindriques, presque trois fois aussi longs que larges. Pronotum trés petit, plus étroit que la téte, 4 peine trans- verse; sa base un peu plus étroite que le sommet. Cdtés peu arqués en avant, sinués en arriére avant les angles posté- rieurs qui sont droits, vifs, acérés, Disque peu convexe, avec une ligne médiane sulciforme, approfondie en coup de gouge devant la base; base bisinuée ; goutticre marginale Tes 100 Mr. R. Jeannel on trés étroite ; fossettes basales arrondies, larges, profondes, rugueuses, contigués 4 la base. lytres deux fois aussi larges que le prothorax, peu con- vexes, tronqués a la base et au sommet ; épaules trés saillantes, formant presque un angle droit. Gouttiére marginale trés étroite 4 l’épaule, élargie devant la série ombiliquée. Striole juxtascutellaire distincte ; les deux premiéres stries sont entiéres, la troisiéme est effacée 4 la base, la quatriéme n’est guére visible que dans son quart basal. Métasternum deux fois long comme le pilier de la hanche postérieure. Segments ventraux lisses. Pattes gréles et courtes. Chétotaxie.—Lignes orbitaires & peu prés paralléles. Le premier pore discal de l’élytre se trouve sur la troisiéme strie, au quart basal. Chili: Quillota, un exemplaire (H. Sadler, nov. 1896). Genre TRECHUS, Clairville. Trechus politus, Brullé, 1842, Voyage d’A. d’Orbigny dans PAmér. mér. vi. 2° partie, p. 43 (type: Valparaiso [Mus. Paris]) ; Putzeys, 1870, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxxi. p. 167. Var. eneus, Motschoulsky (T'rechisibus eneus), 1862, Etudes entom. xl. p. 67 (type: Chili). Trechus levissimus, Putzeys, 1870, 1. e. p. 169 (type: Chili). Trechus proximus, Putzeys, 1870, J. ¢. p. 169 (type: Santiago du Chili), Le Trechus politus, Solier (1849, Gay, Hist. Chili, Zool. iv. p. 154), est différent du 7. politus, Brullé, et doit porter le nom de 1. depressicollis, Putzeys. Tl est certain que le Zrechisibus eneus, Motsch., est iden- tique au Trechus levissimus, Putzeys. Le genre T’rechisibus doit étre rejeté car les caracteres sur lesquels il est fondé sont purement imaginaires (Putzeys, 1870, l. c. p. 169), mais le nom spécifique eneus, Motsch., ayant la priorité, doit étre conservé 4 la place de celui de levissimus, Putz. 1 doit caracteriser une forme de grande taille 4 grands yeux et a élytres amples, mais entre laquelle et la forme politus ty pique s’observent tous les intermédiaires. Quant au ZT’, proximus, Putz., ce n’est qu'une forme extréme & yeux encore plus développés. Chili: nombreux exemplaires (Mathew, Germain, C. C. Teed). some Trechine in the British Museum. 101 Trechus depressicollis, Putzeys, 1870, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxxi. p. 47 (types: Chili [coll. Chaudoir]). Trechus politus, Solier, 1849, Gay, Hist. Chili, Zool. iv. p. 154, nec Brullé. Trechus politus nigripennis, Solier, 1849, 7. ec. p. 154. Trechus solieri, C. C. Reed, 1874, Catal. Ins, Chili, p. 12. Trechus scapularis, Putzeys, 1870, 7. c. p. 170 (types: Chili [coll. Chaudoir]}). Trechus axillaris, Putzeys, 1870, 1. ¢. p. 171 (types: Chili [coll, Chaudoir}). T. politus, Solier, n’est pas la méme espéce que le 7. politus, Brullé, le premier ayant des stries distinctes, le second étant lisse ; c’est pourquoi C. C. Reed a proposé le nom de solvert pour lespéce de Solier quwil croyait inédite. Mais il n’est pas douteux que c’est la méme espéce que Putzeys avait décrite dans sa Monographie sous les noms de depressicollis, scapularis, axillaris, I] m’a été impossible de voir les types des trois espéces de Putzeys qui se trouvent chez M. R. Oberthiir, mais la confrontation des descriptions avec la longue série d’exemplaires appartenant au British Museum, prouve sans aucun doute quil s’agit d’une seule espéce trés variable, tant par la forme que par la coloration. Chili: Valparaiso (C. Darwin); Santiago (C. C. Reed, Germain). Un exemplaire typique, c’est & dire 4 stries developpés, est étiqueté “ Chili: Juan Fernandez (Germain) ” ; il provient vraisemblablement des tiles Juan Fernandez qui se trouvent & 800 km. euv. au large de Valparaiso. I] est intéressant de rencontrer dans ces iles du Pacifique une espece typique du continent, Trechus parvicollis, Putzeys, 1870, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxx. p- 170 (type: Chili [coll. Chaudoir]). Chili: Valparaiso (Germain). Trechus hololissus, Putzeys, 1870, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxxi. p. 153 (type: Santiago [coll. Putzeys]). Chili: Santiago (Germain). Trechus australis, sp. n. Long. 4°6 mm. Forme générale épaisse, peu convexe, élargie en arriére. Coloration brun de poix brillant, avec les palpes, les antennes, les pattes, les épipleures du pronotum et des élytres, le 102 Mr. R. Jeannel on dessous de la téte et du thorax, la base des élytres, la suture et le bord externe rongeatres. ‘I'’éguments glabres, lisses. Téte & peu prés aussi large que longue, a sillons frontaux réguliers trés écartés ’un de Vautre; le front porte quelques rides obliques entre l’ceil et le sillon. Yeux saillants, 4 peu prés deux fois aussi longs que les tempes. Antennes épaisses et courtes, atteignant le quart basal de l’élytre ; Varticle II. est nettement plus court que le [V. Labre particuliérement court et transverse. Pronotum transverse, plus large que la téte, sa base aussi large que lesommet. Angles antérieurs légérement saillants ; cotés arqués réguliérement dans les deux tiers antérieurs, A peine sinués avant les angles postérieurs 5 ceux-cl obtus, mais vifs et saillants ; base 4 peine saillante. Disque assez convexe; gouttiére marginale large, élargie vers le tiers moyen ; "fossettes basales larges et profondes. Elytres oblongs, courts, élargis aprés le milieu ; épaules transverses, arrondies ; : gouttidre marginale large, rétrécie en arriere ; disque peu convexe, mais non déprimé. I] existe des traces de stries plus ou moins visibles, surtout des deux premiéres. Pas d’ailes, Métasternum environ trois fois aussi long que le pilier de la hanche postérieure. Pattes robustes. Tibias antérieurs non carénés sur leur face externe. Cideagus court, trés arqué, & pointe mousse ; le sac interne est armé d’ écailles a sa partie apicale. Chétotaxie.—Lignes orbitaires divergentes en avant. Pores du pronotum comme chez J’, politus. Série discale de l’élytre de trois soies sur la 3° strie; les deux pores antérieurs sont trés grands. Cette espéce se place auprés du JT. politus dont elle a les tibias antérieurs lisses; elle différe notablement des espéces fuégiennes TJ. antarcticus, Dej., et T. hornensis, Fairm., qui appartiennent 2 & un autre groupe. Chili, colonie de Magellan: environs de Punta-Arenas, plusieurs exemplaires étiquetés & tort ‘ 7’. wiencket, Rouss.” ( Walker). Trechus patagonicus, sp. n. Long. 4°55 mm. Forme du 7’. australis, mais plus déprimé, plus élargi en arriéie. Méme coloration. Tésuments glabres et lisses. Téte un peu plus large que longue, a sillons frontaux réguliers, trés distants Pun de Pautre ; front couveit de rides some Trechineg tn the British Museum. 103 obliques, presque rugueux entre l’cil et le sillon. Yeux, antennes et labre comme chez 7. australis. Pronotum légérement transverse, 4 peine plus large que la téte, la base plus étroite que le sommet. Cédtés assez arqués dans les deux tiers antérieurs, puis faiblement rétrécis et sinués avant les angles postérieurs qui sont vifs, saillants ; base légérement saillante. Disque assez convexe; gouttiére marginale large, égale ; fossettes basales, larges et profondes. Elytres amples, fortement élargis aprés fi milieu. Les angles huméraux sont transverses, saillants, arrondis; la gouttiare marginale est trés large; le disque est déprimé, largement aplati. Strie suturale et deuxiéme strie bien dis- tinctes; des traces des stries suivants; toutes sont fines, superficielles, légérement ponctuées. Métasternum et pattes comme chez T. australis. Chétotaxie.—Mémes caractéres que chez 7’. australis ; les pores discaux de |’élytre sont trés grands, fovéolés. République argentine: Patagonie, rio de Santa Cruz, deux exemplaires (C. Darwin). Trechus obscuricornis, Putzeys, 1870, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxx1. p- 32 (types: Chili [ coll. Chaudoir]). Chili: Santiago (Germain). Trechus ruficollis, Putzeys, 1870, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxxi. p. 31 (types: Chili [coll. Chaudoir]). Chili: Santiago (Germain). Trechus chloroticus, Putzeys, 1870, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxxi. p- 19 (types: Chili [coll. Chaudoir]). Chili: Santiago, un exemplaire (Germain). Trechus hornensis, Fairmaire, 1885, Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. p. 41 (types: Baie-Orange (Mus. Paris]) ; 1888, Miss. scientif. Cap Horn, vi., Ins. p. 22. Trechus wiencket, mks 1900, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xliv. p. 108 (types: ile des Etats [Mus. Bruxelles]); 1906, Exp, antarct, Belge, Zool., Culéopt. p. 20, pl. i. figs. 2, 6, L’identité du T. wienckei avec le T. hornensis, Fairm., ressort clairement de la lecture de la diagnose de E. Rousseau et de l’examen de la figure qu’il donne de son T. wienckei. Ile L’Hermite, prés de l’ile du Cap Horn, plusieurs exem- plaires (C. Darwin). 104 Mr. R. Jeannel on T. hornensis est encore connu de la Terre de Feu et de Vile des Ktats. Trechus antarcticus, Dejean, 1831, Spee. v. p. 26 (type: iles Malouines [coll. Chaudoir]) ; Putzeys, 1870, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxxi. p. 152; Rousseau, 1906, Exp. antarct. Belge, Zool., Coléopt. p. 20. Tles Malouines ou Falkland isl. (C. Darwin). Espéce antaretique, se retrouvant aussi 4 la Terre de Feu. Trechus micans, Leconte, 1848, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. York, iv. p. 414 (type: Lac Supérieur). Trechus fulvus, Leconte, 1848, 7. c. p. 415, nec Dejean. Trechus rubens, G. H. Horn, 1875, Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc. Phila- delphie, v. p. 131, nec Fabricius; G. H. Horn, 1882, Bull. Brooklyn. Entom. Soc. v. p. 48; Ch. Schaeffer, 1901, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. xiv. p. 209, pl. xxviii. fig. 1. Trechus canadensis, Putzeys, 1870, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxxi. p. 160 (types: Saint-Pierre et Miquelon). La synonymie des 7vechus de l’Amérique du Nord a été établie d’une fagon totalement erronée par Ch. Schaeffer (1901, irc. pravg): Trechus rubens, G. H. Horn, est d’abord absolument différent du 7. rubens, Fabricius, propre & |’Kurope septen- trionale et qui n’existe pas en Amérique. D’autre part la lecture des descriptions de G. H. Horn et de Leconte ne peut laisser aucun doute sur Videntité du T. rubens, Horn, avec le J. micans, Leconte, espéce bien caractérisée par sa forme générale et lastriation de ses élytres, On ne s’explique pas par suite de quelle confusion Ch. Schaeffer a pu supposer que le 7. micans, Leconte, soit synonyme du T. chalybeus, De}., auquel il ne ressemble en aucune fagon. Hufin 7. fulvus, Leconte, est un 7’. micans immature et Videntité du 7’. canadensis, Putz., avec le 7. micans, Leconte, ressort de la comparaison de co-types de Putzeys avec une riche série de 7. micans provenant de toutes les contrées de VY Amérique du Nord. Canada: Hudson Bay ; New Carlton house, dans le district Saskatchevan. Kitats Unis d’Amérique: Colorado, West Cliffs (A. Cockerel, 1884). Trechus chalybeus, Dejean, 1831, Spee. v. p. 17 (type: Una- laschka) ; Mannerheim, 1843, Bull. Soc. Impér. Nat. Moscou, xvi. p. 215; Putzeys, 1870, Stett. ent. Zeit. some Trechinze zn the British Museum. 105 xxxi. p. 161; G. H. Horn, 1875, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Philadelphie, v. p. 131; 1882, Bull. Brooklyn Entom. Soe. v. p. 48; Ch. Schaeffer, 1901, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. xiv. p. 209, pl. xxviii. fig. 2 (pars) ; 1915, Journ. Entom. Soc. New York, xxiii. p. 48. Trechus californicus, Motschoulsky, 1845, Bull. Soc. Impér. Nat. Moscou, xviii. p. 347 (type: Californie [ Mus, Paris }). Etats Unis d’Amérique: Arizona (Morrison). Ch. Schaeffer (1901, 1. c. p. 211) indique pour cette espéce une distribution géographique inexacte. Les citations de PAlaska, de la Colombie Britannique, de Californie, de lOregon, du Colorado s’appliquent bien au T. chalybeus, mais celles du Lac Supérieur, du New Hampshire et du New Jersey concernent le 7. micans. W. 8S. Blatchley (1910, Ill. Deser. Catal. Coleopt. Indiana, p. 87) cite encore 7’. chaly- beus de |’Indiana, mais cette provenance reste douteuse. Trechus ovipennis, Motschoulsky, 1845, Bull. Soc. Impér. Nat. Moscou, xviii. p. 348 (type: Californie); Manner- heim, 1852, Bull. Soc. Impér. Nat. Moscou, xxv. p. 299; G. H. Horn, 1875, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Philadelphie, v. p. 131; 1882, Bull. Brooklyn Entom. Soc. v. p. 48; Putzeys, 1870, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxxi. p. 40; Ch. Schaeffer, 1901, Bull. Amer. Mus, Nat. Hist. xiv. p. 209, pl. xxviii. fig. 3. Trechus levigatus, Leconte, 1863, Smiths. Miscell. Coll. vi. p. 14. Unalaschka: fjord Masset, dans l’ile de la reine Charlotte, nombreux exemplaires. Californie (Edwards), Trechus aztec, sp. n. Long. 2°8 mm. Forme peu convexe. Coloration noir de poix brillant, avec le labre, les palpes, les antennes, les pattes testacées, le bord antérieur du front, les angles antérieurs du pronotum, la base des élytres, la suture et la périphérie, le dessous du corps rougeatre. Téguments glabres, finement alutacés sur la téte. Téte 4 peu pres aussi large que longue; les sillons fron- taux réguliers, divergents en avant, rapprochés l’un de l’autre sur le vertex ot la distance qui les sépare est environ la moitié de la distance entre ceil et le sillon. Yeux peu saillants, plus courts que les tempes. Antennes atteignant 4 peu pres 106 Mr. R. Jeannel on le quart basal de P’élytre; l’article IT. est plus long que le IV. ; les articles terminaux sont ovoiles, une fois et demie aussi longs que larges. Dent du menton saillante, 4 pointes larges et déhiscentes ; ; labium non soudé, Pronotum ample, transverse, plus large que la téte, sa base presque aussi large que le sommet. Cétés peu arqués en avant, obliques, presque rectilignes dans le tiers moyen, re- dressés en arriére ; angles postérieurs droits, non relevés ; base sensiblement rectiligne, 2 & peine échanerée. Disque peu convexe, avec une impression transverse postérieure bien in- diquée ; gouttiére marginale large; fossettes basales peu profondes, bien isolées de la gouttiére marginale ; elles occu- pent le quart de la base. Elytres ovales, peu convexes, 4 épaules saillantes; gouttiére marginale légérement infiéchie sur la base vers I’ origine de la 5° strie, large, réguliére. Stries distinctes, superficielles, bien tracées jusqu’d l’apex. Métasternum plus court que Je pilier de Ja hanche postérieure. Segments ventraux lisses. Pattes courtes et robustes. Tibias antérieurs sillonnés au cété externe. Cileagus trés grand, trés arqué, avec la partie basale renflée, la partie apicale infléchie du cété dorsal et recourbée en bec & |’extrémiteé. Chétotaxie.—Lignes orbitaires divergentes en avant. Série discale de l’élytre formée par trois soies sur la 3° strie, le pore antérieur au quart basal, le médian un peu apres le milieu. Cette petite espéce appartient au groupe des Trechus vrais ; elle se place & cété des espéces nord-américaines comme 1’. hydropicus, Horn. Mexique: plusieurs exemplaires étiquetés ‘ Mexico” (Truqu?, coll. Fry). TRECHUS, subgen. PARATRECHUS, nov. Les espéces de ce groupe présentent tous les caractéres des vrais Trechus, mais se distinguent par les caractéres suivants, trés particuliers : Labium soudé au submentum sans qu'il existe trace de suture. Elytres avec un ou deux pores sétigéres fovéiformes sur la 5° strie, sans pores sétigéres sur la 3° strie. Cideagus pourvu d’un organe apical. Génotype: Trechus mexicanus, Putz. Ce papa de TYrechus est spécial a PAmérique centrale. Aux T. mexicanus, Putz.; et T. coarctatus, Bates, deja connus, il faut ajouter deux espéces nouvelles bien caractérisées, mais some Trechinz in the British Museum. 107 qui cependant ont été confondues par H. W. Bates avec le T. mexicanus dans la ‘ Biologia Centrali-A mericana.’ Trechus (Paratrechus) mexicanus, Putzeys, 1870, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxxi. p. 33 (type: Mexigue ‘(Sallé)); H, W. Bates, 1882, Biol. Centr-Amer., ont A a oe T. mexicanus, Putz., est une espéce de grande taille (55 4 5°8 mm.) ; la 5° strie de ’élytre porte deux gros pores séti- géres, un au quart basal, l’autre au tiers apical. Le lobe médlian de Pcedeagus a son extrémité apicale aplatie, mousse, simple. Mexique: Puebla (coll. Sallé); Mexico (Truqui); Orizaba (coll. Sallé). Ce sont les exemplaires cités par H. W. Bates dans la ‘ Biologia Centrali-Americana’ ; ceux qu’il cite d’Oaxaca se rapportent au JT. hoeget, ceux de Totonicapam au TZ. bi- Joveatus, tous deux décrits ci-dessous. Trechus (Paratrechus) hoegei, sp. n. Cette espéce a tout a fait l’aspect extérieur de grands ex- emplaires de T. mevicanus ; il n’est pas possible de définir des caractéres morphologiques particuliers 4 l’une et Vautre espéces, toutes deux étant fort variables. Mais T. hoeged se distingue aisément par les caractéres suivants : . Cideagus long et gréle, comme celui de 7. mewicanus, mais le sommet du lobe médian se termine par un renflement sensoriel en forme de champignon. Un seul pore sétigére sur la 5° strie, au quart basal ; le deuxiéme pore fait défaut. Mexique: Oaxaca (Hoege), cinq exemplaires cités par, H. W. Bates sous le nom de JT. meaicanus. Trechus (Paratrechus) bifoveatus, sp. n. Long. 4 mm. Forme peu convexe rappelant en petit celle du 7. meai- canus, Putz. Coloration noir de poix brillant avec les palpes, les antennes, les pattes, les pi¢ces sternales rougedtres. Tégu- ments glabres, lisses. Téte petite, arrondie, 4 peu prés aussi longue que large ; Jes sillons frontaux réguliers, profonds, divergents en avant, rapprochés Pun de lautre sur le vertex; l’espace qui les sépare est la moitié de espace qui sépare ceil du sillon. Yeux petits, peu saillants, plus courts que les tempes. An- tennes courtes, atteignant a peine le quart basal de l’élytre ; 108 Mr. R. Jeannel on Varticle IT. est aussi long que le III., plus long que le IV. ; les articles apicaux sont ovalaires, environ une fois et demie aussi longs que larges. Dent du menton tres saillants. La- bium soudé, Pronotum ample, bien plus large que la téte, 4 peine trans- verse, sa base presque aussi large que le sommet. Cétés fortement arrondis dans les trois quarts antérieurs: brusque- ment sinués en arricre, puis droits et paralléles avant les angles postérieurs ; ceux-ci droits, vifs; base rectiligne. Disque peu convexe, avec une impression transverse posté- rieure profonde; gouttiére marginale trés large; fossettes basales profondes, lisses. lytres ovalaires, un peu élargis aprés le milieu; épaules saillantes; gouttiére marginale commencant a l’angle huméral méme, en face de la racine de la 5¢ strie ; la gouttiére est large dans toute sa longueur. Disque assez convexe ; toutes les stries sont distinctes quoique superficielles ; elles s’effa- cent dans la région humérale. Métasternum a peu prés aussi long que le pilier postérieur. Pattes robustes; les tibias antérieurs sont sillonnés au cété externe. Cideagus petit, gréle, avec la partie basale renflée, la partie apicale épaissie et terminée par un organe en champignon infléchi sur la face ventrale et hérissé d’organes sensoriels. Chétotaxie.—Lignes orbitaires alpeine divergentes en avant. Pores du pronotum normaux. Pas de pores sur la 3° strie, sauf le pore apical, mais un gros pore fovéiforme au cinquiéme basal de la 5° strie, c’est & dire prés de l’épaule. Guatemala : Totonicapam, alt. 1000 m. (Champion), quatre exemplaires cités par H. W. Bates sous le nom de 7. meai- canus, dans la ‘ Biologia Centrali-Americana.’ II. Especes ASIATIQUES. Genre PERILEPTUS, Schaum. Perileptus japonicus, H. W. Bates, 1873, Trans. Entom. Soc. London, p. 296 (type: Hiogo). Chine : Hong-Kong (coll. Walker). Tle Célébes ( Wallace). Japon: Niigata, dans le Nippon saploatanael (G. Lewis, 1881) ; Kobé-Hiogo, dans le Nippon méridional (G. Lewis, 1881) ; mont Daisen ou Oyama, dans le Nippon méridional (G. Lewis, 1881). some Trechinz in the British Museum. 109 Genre TRECHUS, Clairville. Trechus championt, sp. n. Long. 4°3 mm. Ailé. Peu convexe. Noir brillant avec le dessous du corps brunatre, les palpes, les antennes et les pattes testacé rougeatre. Téguments glabres, lisses. Téte un peu plus large que longue, 4 sillons frontaux réguliers, divergents en avant, anguleux sur le vertex; la distance qui les sépare sur le vertex est plus courte que celle qui sépare l’ceil du sillon. Yeux convexes, trois fois aussi longs que les tempes. Antennes atteignant le tiers basal des élytres ; l’article II. est plus court que le ILI., lui-méme aussi long que le IV.; articles apicaux ovalaires, épais; dernier article plus long que Vavant dernier. Dent du menton saillante, carrée, 4 peine bifide ; labium non soudé, Pronotum bien plus large que la téte, 4 peine moins large que la base des élytres, fortement transver se; sa base un peu plus étroite que le sommet. Cdtés tres arrondis en avant, obliques en arriére, faiblement sinués avant les angles posté- rieurs; ceux-ci obtus, mais vifs ; base rectiligne. Disque assez convexe, avec une ligne médiane bien tracée; la dé- pression transverse postérieure profonde et rugueuse ; fossettes basales larges, profondes, obliques; gouttiére marginale large, se réfiéchissant anguleusement en avant sur les cétés du bord antérieur. lytres oblongs, convexes, élargis aprés le milieu; épaules saillantes ; goutti¢re marginale large,- commengant a la racine de la 5° strie. Toutes Jes stries sont distinctes, les quatre premiéres profondes, les autres superficielles; premiers interstries convexes, les autres plans. La caréne apicale se termine brusquement en avant, sans atteindre l’extrémité postérieure de la 5° strie ; les ge et 4° stries, anastomosées & leur extrémité apicale, ne s’unissent pas a la 2° strie. Métasternum deux fois aussi long que le pilier postérieur. Segments ventraux lisses. Pattes robustes ; les tibias antéricurs sont sillonnés au cété externe, (Edeagus assez gros, peu arqué, a base non renfiée, avec Porifice basal trés largement échancré; extrémité apicale aplatie, recourbée en bee au sommet. Styles latéraux petits et gréles. Sac interne avec une grosse piéce chitineuse exsertile. . Chétotazie.— Lignes orbitaires convergentes en avant. Pore pronotal postérieur bien développé et placé sur l’angle. Série discale de trois pores sur la 8° strie, l’antérieur au quart basal, le médian bien aprés le milieu. 110 Mr. R. Jeannel on Cette espéce semble voisine du T. indicus, Putz., que je ne connais pas, Mais qui parait présenter le méme peorotum transverse, la méme structure de la caréne apicale et les mémes caractéres chétotaxiques ; d’aprés sa description T. indicus différe du 7. champtoni par sa coloration testacée, sa dent du menton courte et nettement bifide, les angles postérieurs de son prothorax aigus. Cette intéressante espéce m’a é'é aimablement communiquée par Mr. H. E. Andrewes, qui m’a laissé le soin de Ja décrire. Elle parait répandue dans les réyions subalpines du versant méridional de ?Himalaya. Je la connais des localités suivantes: Inde, Prov. Kumaon: Nainital (H. G. Champion, sept. 1918), huit exemplaires (types) (coll. G. C. Champion) ; West Almora, Diva’ (H. G. Champion, oct. 1918), deux exemplaires (coll. G. C. Champion). , British Sikkim:+ Gopaldhara, prés de Darjeeling, entre 1500 et 2000 m. (AZ. Stevens, avril 1914), trois exemplaires (coll, H. EK. Andrewes). Le Muséum de Paris posséde deux exemplaires de cette espece étiquetés “ Sikkim (Harmand).” Trechus chinensis, sp. n. Long. 3°8 mm. Ailé ou biachyptére. Tiés convexe. Coloration roux trés brillant, avec Jes antennes, les piéces buccales et les pattes testacées. Téguments glabres et lisses. Téte petite, étioite, déprimée, avec les sillons frontaux profonds, peu arqués, assez distants l’un de lautre sur le vertex. Yeux trés gros, saillants, environ six 4 sept fois aussi longs que les tempes. Antennes atteignant presque le milieu des élytres, fines; Varticle V. est & peu prés quatre fois aussi long que large; l’article IL. est environ aussi long que le IV.; les articles X. et XI. sont plus épais que les précédents, le XI. plus long que le X. Pieces buccaies peu saillantes. Labre transveise, & bord libre réguliérement arqué. Palpes maxillaires courts, Pavant dernier article glabre, le dernier conique. Dentdu menton saillante, arrondie, ni impressionnée ni bifide, au moins & l’examen direct, a sec. Labium non soudé. Pronotum ample, transverse, plus large que la 1éte, sa base & peu pres de méme laigeur que le sommet; cétés arqués en avant, non sinués en arneére; angles postérieurs obtus, mais vifs ; ‘base rectiligne. Disque du pronotum régulier, modéré- ment Convexe, avec une ligne médiane & peine indiquée ; gouttiére marginale élargie en arri¢re; fossettes basales obsolétes. some l'rechines in the British Museum. 111 Kcusson trés grand, semicirculaire. Elytres oblongs, trés convexes, plus larges que le pronotum. Angles huméraux saillants ; gouttiére marginale commeneant A la racine de la 5° strie, élargie dans la région humérale. Le bord marginal est sinué en arriére & la terminaison des épipleures. La eaiéne apicale est bien marquée. — Striole juxtascutellaire relativement longue. Stries superticielles, mais trés fortement et réguli¢rement ponctuées, effacées a la base et au sommet ; la strie suturale seule atteint la base et le sommet; la deuxiéme strie reste paralléle & la suture jusqu’au sommet, sans trace de crosse ni de déviation ; les sixiéme et septidme stries sont réduites & quelques vestiges de points. Métasternum @ peu pies de nvéme longueur que le pilier de la hanche postérieure. Pattes courtes; les tibias antérieurs sont lisses, non sillonnés sur teur face externe. Pas d’ex- pansion membraneuse sous-tarsale. Les trois exemplaires connus sont des femelles. Chétotavte.— Lignes orbitaires convergentes en avant. Pores pronotaux normaux. Série discale sur la 3° strie ; série ombiliquée réguliére. A Papex le pore externe est au méme niveau que le pore de la 2° strie, Cette espéce est tout a fait isolée et ne peut étre comparée & aucune des espéces connues, Chine: Hai-ning, dans la prov. Tché-Kiang (coll. Walker), trois exemplaires. III. Esreces N&o-ZKLANDAISES. Trechus maori, sp. n. Long. 5°5 4 5°38 mm. Peu convexe, élargienarricre. Coloration testacé rougeatre brillant, avec les paipes, les antennes et les pattes plus clairs. Téguments glabres, tinement alutacés sur la téte. Téte un peu plus longue que large, suborbiculaire, tres déprimée sur le disque ; sillons frontaux divergents en avant, profonds et lisses ; 1a distance qui les sépare sur le vertex est plus courte que celle qui sépare |’ceil du sillon. Rebord latéral du front effacé en avant des yeux ; les tubercules antennaires sont trés saillants. Yeux peu convexes, plus courts que les tempes qui sont saillautes, arrondies, nettement séparées du cou. Antennes giéles, atteignant le milieu des élytres ; Particle IL., t.és couri, n’est pas plus long que Ja moitié du ILI. ; le LV. est plus long que le II., plus court que le IIL, les articles suivants sont légérement élargis, aplatis, tous un peu plus larges au sommet qu’a la base. Labre deux fois aussi large que long, échancré. Palpes glabies, & dernier 112 On some Trechinee tn the British Museum. article un peu plus long que le précédent. Labium soudé ; sa dent saillante, bifide; languette carrée. Pronotum un peu plus large que la téte, un peu plus long que large, plus étroit a la base qu’ausommet. Bord antérieur échancré ; cdtés fortement arrondis en avant, puis obliques et profondément sinués en arriére, un peu plus étroits au niveau du fond de la sinuosité qu’aux angles postérieurs; ceux-ci aigus, vifs, saillants en dehors; base rectiligne. Disque trés peu convexe, surtout en arriére, sa ligne médiane faible- ment tracée. Gouttitre marginale étroite et réguliére; fossettes basales petites, peu profondes, un peu rugueuses. lytres amples, ovales, peu convexes. Hpaules 4 peine indiquées; le bord huméral est tres oblique. Gouttiére mar- ginale étroite et réguliére, commencant & la racine de la 5° strie. ‘Toutes les stries sont visibles, profondes, indistincte- ment ponctuées; intervalles un peu convexes. Strie suturale réfléchie sur la marge apicale et la caréne apicale qui est large avec un sillon interne s’atténuant peu a peu vers l’extrémité de la 5° strie; 2°, 3° et 4° stries effacées au sommet. Métasternum plus court que le pilier de la hanche posté- rieure. Pas d’ailes. Segments ventraux lisses. Pattes gréles ; les tibias antérieurs sont droits, sillonnés sur leur face externe. Quatriéme article des tarses portant au bord apical de la face ventrale une apophyse carrée, surmontée d’une large expansion membraneuse atteignant le sommet de Yonychium. Cideagus petit, trés peu arqué, terminé par une pointe mousse. Styles latéraux munis de quatre sois apicales; sac interne armé d’épines. Chétotaxie.—Lignes orbitaires divergentesen avant. Pore antérieur du pronotum trés petit, sans soie ; il se trouve au tiers antérieur de la gouttiére ; pore postérieur absent. Série discale de l’élytre sur la 3° strie ; le pore basal se trouve au tiers basal de la strie, le deuxiéme pore un peu apres le milieu. Série ombiliquée réguligre. A lapex le pore de la 2° strie se trouve trés éloigné du sommet, bien avant la crosse de la . 2° strie; le pore apical est trés petit; cette disposition des pores apicaux rappelle celle du 7. obscuricornis, Putz., du Chili. Cette belle espéce se distingue de toutes les autres espéces connues du genre par son labium soudé et la forme de ses tarses. Nouvelle-Zélande : Greymouth, sur la céte nord-ouest de Vile du Sud (elms, coll. Sharp), quatre exemplaires. Descriptions and Records of Bees. 113 IX .— Descriptions and Records of Bees —LXX XVIII. By T. D. A. Cockrrett, University of Colorado. Eucera notata, Lepeletier. Tangier, Marocco. From Queensland Museum. Eucera nigrilabris, Lep. (terminalis, Sm.). Ras-el-Ma, Algeria. (Queensland Museum.) The male cannot be recognised by Friese’s key, as he places it in the group with the abdominal hair all grey, which is by no means true of nigrolabris. Also from Ras-el-Ma are E. collaris, Dours, and /. eucnemidea, Dours. Centris obscuriventris, Friese. “ Guyane, Maroni.” From Queensland Museum. Anthophora urbana, Cresson. Santa Fé, New Mexico, Aug. 3 (Cockerel/). Anthophora flavicollis, Gerst. Dimbroko, French W. Africa. From Queensland Museum. Anthophora atroalba, Lepeletier. 3d .—Length about 14 mm., anterior wing 9°3 mm. Black, with abundant erect hair, not forming distinct bands on abdomen; malar space very short, but distinct ; pale yellow marks as follows :—labrum (except basal spots), large triangular mark on clypeus (its sides concave, its upper end pointed), small lateral face-marks (ploughshare-shaped, with a linear extension along orbits to level of middle of supraclypeal area), a narrow transverse supraclypeal band, and broad band on front of scape ; mandibles bidentate, entirely black ; third antennal joint as long as the next three together ; hair of head and thorax pale, yellowish grey ou thorax above (the effect rather olivaceous), black hair in middle of mesothorax and on vertex, not conspicuous ; face with long white hair, but black at sides ; sides of thorax posteriorly with brown-black hair; tegule black. Wings hyaline, apical margin faintly brownish. Legs black, with black and white hair; middle basitarsi with a very broad Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. v. 8 114 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and dense circular fringe of hair, mainly black, but white apically, the hairs longest on posterior side ; apical joint of middle tarsi simple, except for a thin outstanding tuft of hair on one side ; hind femora and tibiz with brown-black hair, but the basitarsi with a very conspicuous tuft of pure white hair at end, and the three middle tarsal joints with white hair ; hind basitarsi not toothed; first two segments of abdomen with long hair like that on thorax above; the others with long erect black hair, but some white hair laterally. The specimen described is from Tunis (Le Moult, Queens- Jand Museum). A male from Bone, Algeria, differs conspicuously in that the apical yellow band of clypeus is very broad, reaching the lateral face-marks, and forming a right-angle with the vertical clypeal mark. One from Tangier, Marocco, is more like the Tunis example. It would be difficult to recognise this insect from the brief account of the male in Friese’s ‘ Apidee Europe,’ and in his table it seems to run nearest to A. balearica, Friese. I therefore give a new description. Lepeletier gave the localities as Oran and the Canary Is. Oran must be considered the type-locality ; the Canary Is. material was doubtless A. alluaudi, Pérez. Anthophora nigrocincta, Lepeletier. Anthophora robusta, Klug. Both from Ras-el-Ma, Algeria. (Queensland Museum.) A Tetralonia rujficollis, Brullé, comes from the same locality, and a 7. lucasi, Gribodo, from Tunis. Anthophora disrupta, sp. n. ? —Length about 17 mm. Like A. atrocincta, Lep., except that the appressed rufo- fulvous pile of the abdomen covers all of the second segment except the extreme base, the pale markings of the head are yellower, the vertical band on clypeus is narrow (not wedge- shaped), and the clypeus is not so high. It may deserve to rank only as a subspecies. Olokemeji, Ibadan, Nigeria (from Le Moult). Received from Queensland Museum. Crocisa interrupta, Vachal, comes from the same locality. Also from this locality are four species of Trigona, separable thus :— Extremely minute, length hardly over 2 mm. ; face without yellow or white markings... 7’. gribodoi, Magy. Considerably larger i eee eeeceeeterereetreeeene Records of Bees. 115 1. Face and front pruinose, but without light markings ; base of antenne red.......... T. tescorum, Ckll. Face with light markings. ......cce-+0ese+: 2. a uervers Clypetis pala. s easwis » ve sate bx oly ¥s T. nebulata, Smith. Smaller; clypeus with a yellow hat-shaped MAK, +, s.c/0 oinele.cHemieaWaim a ee. eves 2 dee T. lendliana, Friese. Trigona trochanterica, sp. n. Worker.—Length 6 mm. Robust, black, the abdomen dark reddish, more distinctly reddened at sides of second segment, fifth segment with a red patch on each side, and apex pale dull red, with scattered short black hairs; venter clear red. Legs black, with last tarsal joint on each red, and the trochanters for the most part bright ferruginous. Head very large and broad ; mandibles black, with an obscure red mark in middle; malar space well developed; face with a greyish-olivaceous pruino- sity ; scape long, black except at extreme hase ; flagellum dark reddish, with the first joint black, and the very short second one pale reddish beneath ; front entirely dull ; vertex with stiff black hair; mesothorax dull, with short fulvous tomentum anteriorly-and posteriorly, densest posteriorly ; tubercles and the region behind them with fulvous tomentum ; scutellum prominent, shining anteriorly, and with short black hair; tegule dull ferruginous. Wings yellowish, nervures and stigma ferruginous ; hind tibiz extremely broad, excavated on outer side. Sandakan, Borneo (Baker). Nearest to T. erythrogaster, Cam., but thorax with pale hair. It is superficially like 7. itama, Ckll., but quite different by the dull front, &. The red trochanters are peculiar; in 7. nitidiventris, Sm., the cox are similarly coloured. Trigona fuscibasis, sp. n. Worker.—Length about 5 mm., anterior wing 6 mm. Head, thorax, and legs black, with the clypeus (except upper margin), supraclypeal area, labrum, mandibles, and the long scape ferruginous ; flagellum ferruginous, dusky above ; mesothorax dark chestnut-red ; anterior femora and basitarsi in front, small joints of their tarsi and of the others more or less, ferruginous ; head broad ; face and front with olivaceous* pruinescence ; head and thorax polished and shining ; sides of thorax with brownish tomentum; scutellum with black hair; tegule clear ferruginous. Wings dark g* 116 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and fuliginous as far as level of the orange-ferruginous stigma, beyond that milky-white ; hind tibize fringed with black hair. Abdomen shining dark reddish brown, the apical half blackened, venter pallid towards base. Sandakan, Borneo (Baker, 9964). Known from 7’. apicalis, Smith, by the black legs. The shiny head and thorax separate it from 7. collina, Smith. The distribution of Trigona in the Malay region is very extraordinary. From the Philippines we know only three species. Of these, two are from Palawan only. Borneo, on the other hand, has 25 species. More species are known from Penang than from the whole Philippine group. In Borneo, the species appear to be largely confined to limited areas ; thus among the numerous species from Sandakan are none of the nine described from Borneo by Cameron. The deficiency of species in the Philippines cannot well be due to lack of material, as Messrs. Baker and McGregor have sent me large collections from those islands. ‘That the Philippine bees are really fairly well known is shown by the fact that a fine collection from Panay, whence no bees had previously come, contained only two new things, a species of Nomia and a variety or race of Megachile. Trigona rufibasalis, Cockerell, variety a. Scape red only at base. Sandakan, Borneo (Baker). Trigona scintillans, sp. n. Worker.—Length about 38 mm., anterior wing 2°8 mm. Head, thorax, and abdomen shining black, not hairy; the face with’a little pale hair at sides, but not canescent ; Jabrum and mandibles bright ferruginous ; scape pale ferru- ginous in front, flagellum dark ; tegule very dark reddish. Wings hyaline, stigma and nervures dilute sepia. Legs black, the small joints of tarsi ferruginous. Abdomen broad. Sandakan, Borneo (Baker). Differs from 7. erythrostoma, Cam., by the smaller size and the stigma not black. Easily known from 7. atomella, Ckll., by the narrower head and non-canescent face. Melipona flavolineata, Friese. “Guyane, Maroni.” From Queensland Museum. Trigona clavipes (Fabr.) comes from the same locality. Records of Bees. 117 Euryglossa halictina, sp. n- ? .—Length about 8 mm. Only moderately robust, the thorax appearing small in com- parison with the abdomen; black, the head and thorax with thin pale hair, the hind margins of the first four abdominal segments narrowly dusky-testaceous ; antenne entirely black ; clypeus shining, with sparse rather weak punctures ; front and vertex dull; mesothorax dull, with extremely minute punctures ; scutellum little more shining, with a depressed median line ; tegulz fuscous basally, with broad testaceous margins. Wings suffused with fuliginous, stigma and nervures fuscous. Legs black. Abdomen with little’ hair, moderately shining, impunctate. Bridport, Tasmania, Oct. 26-30, 1913 (F. M. Littler, 2560). Nearest to E. fasciatella, Ckll., but the head is not nearly so broad. It looks like a species of Halictus. The abdomen is longer and narrower than in E. subsericea, Ckll. Lithurgus scabrosus (Smith). Yule Island, S.E. Papua, 1915. (Queensland Museum.) It is presumably this species which Friese has reported from New Guinea as ZL. atratus, Smith. Dianthidium truncatiforme, Cockerell. N. Djole, Gabon. (Queensland Museum.) Megachile lachesis, Smith. Kaimana, Dutch New Guinea (H, Elgner). From Queens- land Museum. . Megachile saigonensis, sp. n. 2? .—Length about 14°5 mm. Agrees with Bingham’s description of M. amputata, Smith, except as follows :——apical abdominal segments finely punc- tured all over, not smooth at base; no fulvous fasciz on abdomen beyond third segment; ventral scopa cream- coloured on first two segments and middle of third and fourth, but broadly black at sides of third and fourth, and black on last two segments; antenne entirely black. The wings are yellowish smoky, with a small dark cloud beyond 118 Descriptions and Records of Bees. end of marginal cell. Legs red, but hind tarsi black, the basitarsus very broad. Saigon, Cochin China (from Le Moult). Received from Queensland Museum. This is probably a subspecies of Bingham’s M. amputata, having the clypeus with a median smooth band, slightly de- pressed, and the mandibles with a subapical fossa. The original M. amputata, Smith, from Sarawak, though similar in appearance, was described as having the clypeus keeled, and is related to J/. harrisoni, Ckll., from Sumatra, and M. ferruginea, Friese, from Siam. M. fulvofasciata, Rads., from Sikkim, which Bingham placed as a doubtful synonym of amputata, is only 10 mm. long, with whitish scopa. Nomada penanyensis, sp. n. 2? .—Length about 4 mm. Ferruginous, with the front (except a broad red band cn each side) and ocellar region black. Abdomen highly polished, without yellow spots, the first two segments broadly dusky apically, the third and fourth darkened all over, but the apex light red ; face and pleura with thin pure white hair; mandibles simple; scape testaceous in front ; flagellum dark ; second antennal joint about half as long as third, third about as Jong as fourth ; mesothorax densely punctured, clear red all over ; tegule ferruginous. Wings hyaline with dusky apex, nervures and stigma dark ; b. n. going a little basad of t.-m.; second t.-c. lacking on right side of type, but the opposite wing has three submarginal cells. The antenne are quite long, reaching the metathorax. Island of Penang (Baker, 9968). Resembles some of the Philippine species, but separated by the small size, combined with dark front and entirely red mesothorax. It is especially close to N. attrita, Ckll., from Mindanao, and were not the localities so far apart it might be thought a mere variety. Parasphecodes infrahirtus, sp. n. ¢ (type).— Length about 7-5 mm. Entirely black, except that the apical half of clypeus (angularly produced in middle above) is cream-colour, the mandibles are fairly red at apex, and the tarsi are dusky ferruginous apically. Head broader than long; face and clypeus roughened, not polished; antenne long, the fia- gellum submoniliform; head and thorax with thin long On a new Shrew and Two new Foxes. 119 white hair, but vertex with fuscous hair; mesothorax elevated and gibbous in front, dull anteriorly, polished on disc, with strong scattered punctures; scutellum polished, very sparsely punctured in middle; area of metathorax semilunar, sharply ‘defined, with numerous longitudinal rug. Wings slightly dusky, stigma piceous, nervures sepia ; second submarginal cell variable in width; hind tibize and tarsi with shining white hair on inner side. Abdomen rather short, polished, with the punctures excessively minute, and no hair-bands or patches on dorsal surface; on the ventral side there is a broad band of white tomentum across the middle of the abdomen. ? .—Length fully 8 mm. More robust, the broad face wholly black ; mesothorax strongly and closely punctured on disc, but scutellum with two large polished impunctate areas ; middle and hind tibiz and tarsi brownish. Launceston, Tasmania, Sept. 19, 1916 (F. M. Littler), two ice The female was taken at Launceston, April 18, 16. Much smaller than P. dissimulator, Ckll., which it resem-- bles in many respects. The male has a very strong super- ficial resemblance to Halictus spenceri, Ckll. X.—A new Shrew and Two new Foxes from Asia Minor and Palestine. By OLDFIELD ‘THOMAS. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) Tn working out some mammals obtained by Major Maurice Portal during the Palestine campaign, and presented by him to the National Museum, I have found the three following forms to need special names :— Crocidura portali, sp. D. Most nearly allied to the Central Asiatic species C. dlensis ; widely different from the European forms of the genus. Size small, though not excessively so. General colour clear pale grey, rather paler than { drab-grey ” if the darker tips to the hairs are included, but it may be better described as “pale drab-grey” overlaid with the fine brown hair-tips which slightly darken it. Under surface creamy white, the 120 Mr. O. Thomas on a hairs slaty at base, but the slaty quite hidden by the whitish tips, so that the colour is not a mixed slaty and white, as is more usual in shrews; line of demarcation on sides fairly well marked. Hands and feet white. Tail greyish white above, white below, with a fair number of the usual longer bristles, Skull very like that of C. dlensis in its small size and short muzzle, ‘Teeth about as in that species, the incisors less prominent than in C. russula. Dimensions of the type (measured on skin) :— Head and body 57 mm.; tail 35; hind foot 12°5; ear 9. Skull: condylo-incisive length 17:5; basal length 15:5 ; greatest breadth 8°3 ; front of 2! to back of m® 7:8; front of p* to back of m® 4:5; tip of a to tip of p* 4; back of 7 to front of p* 1°8 ; breadth of palate across m? 5:6, Hab. Ramleh, 8.E. of Jaffa, Palestine. Type. Adult skin and skull. B.M. no. 19. 4.11.9. Col- lected and presented by Major Maurice Portal. This pretty little grey shrew has clearly nothing to do with the C. russula group, of which a local form—C. 7. judatca— was described recently. C. russula basa much longer muzzle, with larger and more dominant incisors, while in the present form the incisors are comparatively small. C. ilensts, a species described by Miller from a specimen now in the British Museum, seems really its nearest ally, and of this, besides the type, we have a considerable series from Djarkent (2iickbei?) and Samarkand (Carruthers). These, however, all have shorter tails and are of a decidedly darker grey, not unlike that of European C. russula. On the other hand, there have recently been received from Baluchistan, collected by Col. Ernest Hotson, four shrews very similar in proportions to C. portal’, and, while rather variable in colour, averaging much lighter than C. ¢lensis, one of them, in fact, being of precisely the same pale grey as the type of C. portal. These specimens perhaps indicate that this pale shrew will be found to extend right across Persia, but until that country is better explored, tiis cannot be definitely asserted. Of older known species none seems to enter into question, as they are mostly larger—at least as large as C. russula,—the only doubtful one being Sorex gmelini, Pallas, from “ Hyr- cania,” the country on the §.H. coast of the Caspian Nea. It, however, would seem to be more strongly drabby, 7. e. as in russula and ilensis, while its generally insufficient new Shrew and Two new Foxes. 198 description has already induced Dr. Saturnin to say that it should be put asidé as indeterminable. No shrew like this is known from Egypt, C. olivierd being twice as large, while C. religiosa is far smaller and belongs to a wholly different group. Vulpes vulpes anatolica, subsp. n. Darker and duller coloured than otner foxes of S.E. Asia, the upper surface a more or less muddy reddish brown. Central line of nape and withers washed with blackish. Middle of back (saddle) dull cinnamon-rufous, the usual whitish subterminal rings on the hairs only appearing on the rump. Under surface washed with dull whitish, the hairs broadly slaty basally, the chin and throat blackish slaty. Back of ears deep black. Pale shoulder-patches dull buffy, not conspicuous. Fore legs deep fulvous or blackish, feet fulvous with greyish metacarpal patch. Hind legs dull smoky fulvous, a line down inner side whitish ; feet paler fulvous on top, with a darker patch on metatarsus, inner sides buffy whitish. Upper surface of tail dull rufous (nearest to * orange-cinnamon”); under surface pale buffy, with the hairs of the subterminal part washed with black; the extreme end dull white, not forming a conspicuous white tassel. Dimensions of the type (measured on skin) :— Head and body 650 mm. ; tail 335 ; hind foot 132. Skull: greatest length 138; condylo-basal length 126; zygomatic breadth 71; nasals 49; interorbital breadth 25; breadth across postorbital processes 31; breadth of brain-case 45°5 ; height of brain-case from between bullee 38-5 ; palatal length 69; length of p* on outer edge 12°6 ; combined length of m! and m? 14; breadth of m* 11-2. A male skull, older than the type, measures 134 mm. in condylo-basal length. Hab. Asia Minor. Type from Smyrna, a second specimen from Marash. Type. Young adult female (fully developed, but the basilar suture not closed). B.M. no. 6.10.16. 2. Original num- ber 57. Collected and presented by W. Griffitt Blackler, Esq. This is a dull-coloured fox, markedly different in general tone from the light-coloured foxes, more or less of a desert type, found to the east and south of its habitat. It was first obtained by Mr, C. G. Danford, who brought from Marash the skin referred to in P. Z. 8S. 1880, p. 53. That skin, however, had no skull, and I have therefore taken as type the specimen from Smyrna presented by Mr. Blackler, 122 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on Vulpes vulpes palestina, subsp.-n. A greyish fox, much greyer than the rufous foxes of Egypt. The body broadly greyish along the sides, the grey even in some cases extending on the back to the nearly complete suppression of the rufous. Under surface variable, buffy or whitish, with blackish bases to the hairs. Backs of ears deep black. Sides of neck, shoulders, and hips all greyish, the hairs with whitish subterminal rings. Fore legs greyish rufous, varying to fulvous, feet pale fulvous. Hind legs also smoky greyish, the upper surface of the feet buffy, rarely fulvous, their inner sides paler. Tail above buffy washed with blackish, the tip prominently white. ~ Skull rather smaller than in V. v. anatolica, about as in egyptiaca. Dimensions of the type (measured on the skin) :— Head and body 610 mm.; tail 330; hind foot 123. Skull: greatest length 125°5; condylo-basal length 123 ; zygomatic breadth 66°3; nasals 43°5 ; interorbital breadth 23°2 ; breadth across postorbital processes 31; breadth of brain-case 44°5 ; height of brain-case from between bullee 38 ; palatal length 62; length of p* on outer edge 12°2 ; combined length of m! and m? 13:5; breadth of m! 11:4. Hab. Palestine. Type from Ramleh, near Jaffa. Other specimens from Mt. Lebanon. Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 19, 4.11.8. Collected November 1918, and presented by Major Maurice Portal. The Palestine fox, although it no doubt grades southwards into that of Egypt (V. v. ewgyptiaca, Sonnini), is on the average so very much greyer, especially on the sides and limbs, that it should apparently have a special subspecific name. Besides the specimen from Ramleh sent home by Major Portal, the Museum possesses three others from Mt. Lebanon, presented in 1894 by Mr. Saleem Baroody. XI.— Descriptions of Two new Frogs from Brazil. By G. A. BoULENGER, F.R.S., F.Z.S8. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) Tue frogs here described form part of a collection made by Prof. J. P. Hill, F.R.S., at or near Theresopolis during the Percy Sladen Expedition to Brazil in 1913, and the types: have been presented to the British Museum by the Trustees of the Perey Sladen Fund. Two new Frogs from Brazil. 123 Leptodactylus pumilio, sp. n. Tongue oval, entire. Vomerine teeth in short transverse series close together behind the level of the choane, Ileal as long as broad ; snout rounded, scarcely projecting beyond the lower jaw, a little longer than the eye; canthus rostralis obtuse ; loreal region very oblique, concave ; nostril nearer the tip of the snout than the eye; interorbital space much broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum hidden. Fingers with swollen tips, first a little shorter than second, which is one-half the length of third; subarticular tubercles strong. Toes with the tips dilated into small dises, which are longer than broad ; no dermal border ; subarticular tubercles mode- rately large, moderately prominent; two small, feebly promi- nent metatarsal tubercles, The tibio-tarsal articulation reaches the eye; tibia half the length of head and body, as long as the foot. Skin smooth, shiny. Dark brown above, with ill-defined darker spots on the head and body, and cross- bands on the limbs; brownish white beneath, speckled and vermiculate with dark brown. From snout to vent 20 mm. A single female specimen. In the dilated tips of the toes this small frog is related to L. hyledactylus, Cope, L. discodactylus, Blgr., L. pulcher, Bler., and L. mantipus, Blgr., but differs from all of them in the hidden tympanum. Hyla hilli, sp. n. Tongue round, entire and slightly free behind. Vomerine teeth in short U-shaped series on round bases, close together between the rather small choane. Head small, a little broader than long, feebly depressed ; snout rounded, scarcely projecting beyond the mouth, as longas the orbit ; no canthus 1ostralis; loreal region feebly oblique, slightly concave ; nostril nearer the tip of the snout than the eye, which is rather small ; interorbital space as broad as the upper eyelid ; tympavum very distinct, 2 the diameter of the eye. Fingers rather short, }-webbed, the discs moderately large, a little smaller than the tympanum ; no distinct rudiment of pollex. Toes rather short, entirely webbed, the discs nearly as large as those of the fingers. ‘The tibio-tarsal aticulation reaches the shoulder; heels overlapping when the limbs are folded at right angles to the body; tibia a little less than 3 the length of head and body. Skin smooth above, with a few very small warts on the head ; large flat granules on the throat, on the belly, and on the proximal half of the lower surface of the 124 Mr. F. A. Bather on a thighs, Reddish brown above, with dark brown dots and the following principal blackish markings :—a blotch capping the tip of the snout, a curved band from the nostril to the eye, a cross-band between the eyes, a vertical bar below the anterior third of the eye, a temporal band, two oblique bands (one behind the other) on each side of the body, and cross-bands on the limbs ; upper lip behind the black vertical bar, flanks, and lower parts white; a black crescent at the axil and another at the groin; back of thighs colourless, black-edged above. From snout to vent 33 mm. A single female species. This frog, remarkable for its very short hind limbs, appears to be related to H. melanargyrea, Cope, from Mato Grosso, which differs in the tibio-tarsal articulation reaching the eye, as well as in other respects. XII.—Protoscolex latus, a new “Worm” from Lower Ludlow Beds. By F. A. Batuer, F.R.S, (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) THE genus Protoscoler was founded by H. O.. Ulrich in July 1878 (Journ. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. i. p. 89). Since the paper is rare, his generic diagnosis may be quoted in full :— “ Body ranging from a medium toa great length, of nearly uniform width throughout its length; body divided trans- versely by more or less narrow, simple or papillated segments. Anterior and posterior ends obtusely pointed, and, probably because the specimens are fossil, are not distinguishable from each other. No sets or appendages of any kind.” This was followed by the description of four species— P. covingtonensis (the genotype), P. ornatus, P. tenuis, and P. simplex. All were found south of Covington, Kentucky, associated with the polyzoa now known as Arthrostylus tenuis (James) and Arthropora shafferi (Meek), also with Serpulites dissolutus, Billings. The stratum is now referred to the Kconomy formation in the Eden series, that is, Lower Cincinnatian, just above the horizon of the Utica shale. One other species has since been described, namely, P. magnus, by Miller and Faber in July 1892 (op. cit. xv. p. 83). This was found in the Fulton formation of the Eden series, corresponding to Utica shale, in Cincinnati. new Worm” from Lower Ludlow Beds. 125 The American horizons are near the top of the Ordovician, and correspond approximately to our Lower Ashgillian. The original generic diagnosis is expressed in vague terms, and needs interpretation with aid of the figures and descrip- tions of the species. The actual length observed varies from 1} inch (say, 28 mm.), as in a young P. covingtonensis, to 6 inches (say, 152 mm.) in an example of P. tenuis. The actual width observed in the compressed fossils varies from “one fourth of a line” (say, 0°5 mm.), in the smallest P. tenuis, to about 2 mm., as seen in the figure of P. simplea. Owing to the incompleteness of most of the specimens, the ratio of width to length cannot be calculated with certainty. It is, however, possible to calculate the relative height of the segments, on the basis of such measurements as are provided, though these are not very precise :— Absolute height Ratio to of segment. width, PC MNGGNUA Cd es oe stews ’ 0°12 10/100 Pe OFAUUMS AR ira ties ds 0°23 12/100 P. covingtonensis ...... 015 15/100 PY UTNEES & w dace ace hae es 05 33/100 SE UOTEIG ae Ria «dae KES 05 50/100 The nature of the segmentation is not clear. Ulrich’s figure of P. simplex (op. cit. pl.iv. fig. 4) probably represents the “ complete individual’’ mentioned on p. 91. This has a length of about 19 mm.,a greatest width of 2°7 mm., and tapers rapidly at each end. The drawing shows thirty-two segments, and, since the specimen is bent round so that one end almost approaches the other, these segments are lower on the inner side of the curve than on its outer, and the draughtsman has represented them as imbricating. This important feature is not alluded to in the text, nor is it suggested or mentioned under any other species. It would, of course, be particularly obvious in a form with the high and well-marked segments of P. simplex. The segments are papillate in P. ornatus and P. magnus ; in all other species, including the genotype, they are described as smooth. In P. ornatus the papille form either one row in the median line of a segment or one row near each border ofasegment. Ulrich’s enlarged figure 16 shows about twelve papille in each row, all closely set ; that means about twenty- five in the complete circle of each segment. In P. magnus ** gach segment is ornamented with a single row of six or eight ee ” (a, e., twelve to sixteen in the complete circle). e pass now to the first record of the genus from this side of the Atlantic, and the first occurrence outside the Ordovician. 126 Mr. F. A. Bather on a Protoscolea latus, sp. n. Diaynosis.—Segments bear each one or two rows of papilla, of which not more than twenty are visible on one side of the compressed fossil. Spaces between papillse not less than the diameter of a papilla. Height of a segment about 0-25 mm. Width of specimen about 3mm. Ratio of segment-height to width 8/100. Ffolotype.—A specimen collected by Dr. H. L. Hawkins, and presented by him to the British Museum: Geol. Dept. A. 1946. Horizon.— Lower Ludlow, just above the Starfish bed. Locality.—Martin’s Shell, below Mocktree, near Leint- wardine, Herefordshire. This specimen (fig. 1) presents many features of interest other than those due to its remoteness in time and space from the species previously described. It is preserved in counter- pait as two imprints, but some of the substance of the integu- ment remains here and there as round calcified knobs, appa- rently where the wall was thickened by papille. ‘Ihe chemical composition of these knobs is unknown, and may be due to petrifaction of a chitinoid substance. . Proto scolex The specimen lies in a curve shaped like the head of a 2. Its outline is not very clear-cut asseen under a lens. ‘lhe diameter is about 3 mm. in the upper part of the ascending stem of the 2; towards the end of the curve it lessens gradually to 2°3 mm., then suddenly tapers or rounds off like the end of an earthworm. ‘Towards the lower end of the stem of the 2 the width gradually lessens to 2 mm., and then the fossil seems to fade away into the matrix, both outline new “Worm” from Lower Ludlow Beds. 127 and ornament becoming obscure. The total length is 69 mm. (about 22 inches), It is thus seen that, though the length is no greater than the mean length of the American specimens, the absolute width is half as much again as in the widest of them ; hence the trivial name proposed. The segments (fig. 2) are not very convex, but they are separated by well-detined grooves, and—asa rule, at any rate— each bears two lines of papilla. This at first sight gives the appearance of two segments, but the median groove between the lines of papillae is less marked than that between the segments. In each segment it is frequently the case that one line of papille is stouter than the other, so that there is an appearance of alternately large and small segments, much as in a crinoid stem with alternating columnals. If the feebler line of papilla became still slighter or were pushed under the next segment, then the appearance would be that of equal segments each with a single line of papille. Such is actually the appearance towards the ends of the specimen, which there- fore in this respect agrees with P, ornatus. In P. magnus only one line of papille to the segment has been observed throughout. No definite arrangement of the papille in longitudinal series, either linear or alternating, is immediately obvious ; but where the segments are least disturbed and the papille most orderly there is a suggestion of oblique lineation, and this would probably be plainer if the two lines of papilla were of equal strength. Where the segments are clearly seen, and the two lines of papille fully developed, about four segments occupy 1 mm., so that the height of twelve segments equals the width of the specimen, 7, e., a ratio about 8/100. The absolute height of the segments agrees fairly with that stated for P. ornatus, but. the relative height is less than that of any species, the next in order being P. magnus. The total number of segments in the individual is about 275. Correlated with the greater width of the specimen is the increased number of papillz in a line— namely, from eighteen to twenty on one side of the compressed tube, which is half as many again as in P. ornatus, three times as many as in P. magnus. The most noteworthy feature of this specimen is a thick- ening along the median line, extending through the whole curved head of the 2 to within 2°5 mm. of its end, and reaching down the stem to a point about 23 mm. from the other end. On the imprint, in each counterpart, this thick- ening appears as a groove, about 0°5 mm. wide, and of roughly semicircular section. In some places the bottom of 128 Mr. F. A. Bather on a the groove is relatively smooth, in other places the segmental markings and papille are clearly seen to run across it. The apposition of these two grooves would form a tunnel of circular section; but before the sandstone was split open this tunnel was filled with a hardened mud of very fine grain and a pale grey colour. The appearance is most easily explained by regarding it as the gut of a mud-eating worm; the muddy core, of which considerable stretches are retained in one or the other counterpart, is the remains of the animal’s last meal; the smooth lining of the groove, occasionally pre- served, is the thin wall of the gut; the groove itself, seen asa ridge in a wax squeeze, represents the outer skin of the animal raised in a fold over the full gut (fig. 2). As a rule, the core is marked by slight constrictions into segments corre- sponding with those of the integument, and perhaps due to pressure from the inturned walls of the segments. The surface between the segmental constrictions may be smooth or marked by elevations corresponding with the papillae of the integument. In some places the calcified substance of the papille is still attached to these segments of the gut, instead of to the outer skin. There are occasional slight longitudinal ridges, indicating folds in the wall of the partly-filled gut, due to pressure. The gut itself was not confined to the region of the fossil now marked by a groove or its core, for a darker tract indi- cates its former extension down the stem of the 2, though it is impossible to say how far it went. This gut-structure has not been mentioned as occurring in any Ordovician species, but Ulrich’s figure of P. simplex shows a dark line or groove down the middle, and there is some slight suggestion of the same marking in tlie complete figure of P. ornatus. The importance of the gut lies in its confirmation of the view that these fossils were worms of some kind. The apparent tapering towards each end, as observed in many of the specimens, indicates that they were free-moving forms ; unfortunately no distinction between the ends has yet been detected. Hitherto the opinion as to the systematic position of Proto- scolee may be expressed in the words of Miller and Faber (1892). After giving reasons, drawn chiefly from the mineral character and state of preservation, against the fossils being crinoid stems (some of which in many respects they so closely resemble), they add :—‘f We have no evidence to offer to show that they represent the tubes of Aunelida, but probably new “Worm” from Lower Ludlow Beds. 129 they do, and as we cannot class them anywhere else, we leave them where others have placed them.” The question remains: What sort of “ Annelida”? ? Most fossil worms are referred to the Cheetopoda. But if they are not T'ubicola, then they should show cliete or parapodia, and one would expect some cephalization or other differentiation into body-regions, such as occurs even in the somewhat similar Capitellide. The fossil called Protoscolew is not a tube either built or secreted, but must be the imprint of the actual in- tegument, It shows no trace of cheete or parapodia, and there is no other reason for referring it to the Polycheta. Whether the segmentation is complete or whether it is con- fined to the integument cannot at present be decided; the segmented appearance of the gut is capable of both interpre- tations. The straight simplicity of the gut excludes the Gephyrea, some of which present a superficial resemblance in the distribution of epidermal papillz, and in a tendency to calcification as expressed in the calcareous plates of some Sipunculids. My colleague, Mr. H. A. Baylis, has tenta- tively suggested comparison with a Nematode, and tells me that two genera of recent Nematoda have backwardly-pointing spines on the hinder edge of the cuticular rings. That, however, is no great resemblance, and the creatures in question are parasitic. Protoscolea also bears some likeness to mille- pedes ; but none of the fossils has shown any trace of ap- pendages, and the segmentation is much closer than in any known millepede. It is to the Oligocheta that Protoscolex presents thie strongest resemblance. ‘The general shape, the close and undifferentiated annulation, and the Jong simple gut are all suggestive of thatorder. ‘The apparent absence of a clitellum is by no means fatal, for that structure is less differentiated in the lower Oligocheta, is very slightly developed in the primitive Moniligaster, and in most aquatic Oligochzta appears only periodically. Therefore in Protoscolew it may not have reached such a stage of evolution as to be discernible in the fossils, or the animals may have perished out of the breeding- scason. -‘The very fine sete of the Oligocheta would, of course, be invisible in any fossil of this kind and size. It is, however, legitimate te suggest that the papille of certain species stood in some relation to sete: either they bore one apiece, or they represent the incipient stages of setxz. In the aduit of modern oligocheetes the setee are chitinoid rods embedded in invaginations of the epidermis ; but they first appear as small cones of chitinoid substance, growing first at Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. v. 9 130 Mr. F. A. Bather on a their apices or free ends. If Protoscolex was setiferous, it follows that the sete were disposed as in the Perichetide, and this is what one would expect. The double rows of papillae may be compared with the secondary annulation eccasionally found in modern forms, and so present no difficulty. It may be objected that the Oligocheta, especially the group to which the Perichzetide belong, are normally terrestrial or, at most, inhabitants of fresh water. There is, however, & priori reason to suppose that terrestrial oligo- chetes were derived from aquatic, and ultimately marine, forms. The primitive Phreoryctes lives both in water and on land. It is among the Microdrili, with less pronounced clitellum, that most aquatic species are found. Thus, some of the Tubificide (e. g., Cliteliio and Vermiculus) and various Enchytreeids are marine or littoral Among the Megadrili there are, at any rate, three marine genera—Pontodrilus, Acanthodrilus, and Pontoscolex. The rarity of Oligocheta among fossils may be explained as due to their softness and easy decomposition. The hypo- thetical primitive forms of marine habitat would probably have been less easily preserved than the familiar earthworm. The paleontologist has to rely on an occasional lucky chance, such as the blow that for the first time exposed a Protoscolex in the long-exploited beds of the Lower Ludlow formation. So soon as the Oligocheta took to fresh waters, swamps, and the land, their opportunities of leaving an imperishable record were further restricted. The only fossils that anyone has hitherto proposed to refer to the Oligocheta are “ fiinf braune Abdriicke, welche héchst wahrscheinlich den Ringelwiirmern angehdéren,” found in the Noeggerathia beds of the Coal Measures near Rakouitz, Bohemia, and described as Pronaidites carbonarius by J. Kusta (1888, Sitz.-ber. béhmisch. Gesell. Wissensch., Math.-nat. Cl., Jahrg. 1887, p. 561, pl. fig. 1). The length is a little over 10 cm., diameter 0°5 mm, to at most 2 mm., seg- ments (in the holotype, which is 1°5 mm. wide) about U°5 mm. high, All specimens are bent, curved, or even twisted. The side-contours are not very sharp. ‘Towards one end of the holotype a canal runs down the middle of the body ; its width is not stated, and it does not appear in the figure. In all the given details Pronaidites agrees with Proto- scolex, and the measurements of the segments are the same as in Protoscolex simplex. Papille are not mentioned, but neither are they recorded for Protoscolex simplex, P. tenuis, or the genotype P. covingtonensis. The reference of Pronaidites carbonarius to Protoscolex is therefore inevitable. new “Worm” from Lower Ludlow Beds. 131 It is, however, to be noted that, whereas the Ordovician and Silurian species of Protoscolew are associated with marine organisms in deposits of admittedly marine origin, Proto- scolew carbonarius is associated with various arachnids, insects, and a millepede, in a deposit of presumably fresh-water, or possibly brackish-water, origin. Beddard (1895, Monogr. Oligocheeta,-p. 9) says of Pro- natdites that “it is not by any means convincingly an Oligocheet.” At the same time he brings forward no counter- arguments, except in so far as he seems to suggest that, if it were, then it would support the view that Oligocheta were derived from the Polychaeta by way of such forms as the Tubificida—a view with which he disagrees. Beddard’s argument in the paragraph quoted depends on the distribution of the setee, but he can have known nothing about the sete of P. carbonarius, and must therefore have connected it with the 'Tubificide simply on account of its habitat. If, how- ever, the papilla of other species of Protoscolewx justify the conclusion that the sete were arranged as in Perichetide, then the question assumes a totally different aspect. Beddard’s own view is that the pericheetous arrangement of set is the primitive one, and for this view Protoscolea does seem to furnish that paleontological evidence the absence of which he deplored. So far as the known structure of Proto- scolex permits of a decision, there is no reason why the genus should not be referred to the Pericheetidee. It might, how- ever, be too hazardous an inference to suppose that this family of recent earthworms had true representatives in the Ordo- vician sea, and it is more probable that Protoscoler was nearer to the hypothetical Archichetopod from which the Phreoryctidee, Moniligastridee, Knchytreide, and Perichee- tide originated. It is already a good way removed from anything that could be called an Archannelid. Fortunately it has been possible to submit this instructive specimen of Protoscolex latus to Dr. Beddard and to Professor Seitaro Goto of Tokyo, and each has independently expressed the opinion that it closely resembles a modern perichetid., The preceding speculations have therefore the sanction of good authority. At the same time they are speculations ; other interpretations are possible, and it may be safest to summarize only the certain facts in the following Revised Diagnosis of Protoscolex. A worm-like marine organisin robably cylindrical, ; 8 Veale Sy tapering rapidly at each end ; length from about 25 mim. to 150 mm.; width in the compressed fossil from 0°5 to 3 mm, gx 132 Mr. L. A. Borradaile on a Body flexible, covered with a stout cuticle, divided into from 200 to 300 equal segments, which are often (? always) papil- late, but bear no appendages or visible sete. Gut simple, straight, apparently slightly segmented (traced from within 2-5 mm. of one end to within 20 mm. of the other end in an ~ individual 69 mm. long). The species herein discussed are :— P. magnus, Miller & Faber. Upper Ordovician, Fulton Formation, Cincinnati. : P. covingtonensis, Ulrich (genotype). Upper Ordovician, Eden Forma- tion, Kentucky. P. ornatus, Ulrich. Upper Ordovician, Eden Formation, Kentucky. P. tenuis, Ulrich. % 5 oS 5 a P. simplex, Ulrich. 5 ‘ E. 5 ay P. latus, sp.u. Upper Silurian, Lower Ludlow, Herefordshire. P. carbonarius (Kuta, sub Pronaidites). Upper Carboniferous, Noegge- rathia beds, Bohemia. XIIT.—On a new Commensal Prawn. By L. A. BorrapatLe, M.A. A sHortT time ago I received, by the kindness of Mr. W. L. Schmitt, of the United States National Mnseum, four speci- mens, one an ovigerous female, of a new member of the ubiquitous subfamily Pontoniine. They were collected at Beaufort, N.C., where they are said to be abundant on the “ sea-feathers ” close to the Island. The following diagnosis sets forth the distinguishing features of the species to which they belong :— Periclimenes beaufortensis, sp. n. Diagnosis.—Body rather stout, not compressed ; rostrum about 3 length of carapace, almost or quite reaching end of first joint of antennular stalk, straight, slender, very sharp- pointed, without teeth, but with a low crest above in its hinder part ; antennal, but not hepatic or supraorbital, spines present ; cornea subhemispherical, of moderate size; antennule with well-developed spines at base and at end of first joint, third joint about one-third length of first, second about two-thirds length of third, inner flagellum about half as long new Commensal Prawn. 133 again as stalk, outer flagellum very slightly longer than inner, its thickened part rather more than a third of its whole length, cleft less than halfway ; antennal scale broad, con- siderably outreaching antennular stalk, rather acutely pointed, with the spine of the outer edge set back about a quarter of the length from the end, antennal stalk reaching end of first joint of antennular ; second and third maxillipeds without exopodites ; third maxillipeds moderately slender, reaching a little beyond origin of antennal scale; legs of first pair a little outreaching antennal scale, with wrist very slightly shorter than hand, and fingers straight, simple, sharp-edged, and sharp-pointed, bearing a few bristles at the end ; legs of second pair unequal, the larger reaching nearly as far as the antennular flagella, with long, almost rectangular palm, a little swollen towards the base, simple fingers, not quite half length of palm, bearing a few hairs at the tips, wrist simple, unarmed, about half length of fingers, arm simple, unarmed, about three-quarters length of palm; walking-legs stout, sub- equal, the first pair reaching nearly to the end of the first chelipeds, unarmed save for a movable spine near end of each propodite and some stout bristles, with a swelling on the underside of the meropodite near its distal end, and a slight projection of the base of the dactylopodite, which is short, stout, and rather strongly hooked; sixth abdominal segment longer than fourth and fifth together, about as long as telson ; endopodites of uropods a little longer than telson, shorter than exopodites ; telson tapering, truncate, with the intermediate pair of terminal spines very strong. Colour in life “almost transparent except the ovigerous females, which are pigmented according to the gorgonian on which they live, orange, lemon-yellow, or almost red.” Length ‘5--7 mm. ‘l'ype-specimens in the U.S. National Museum. The affinities of the species are not very clear. Its simplicity of form and the almost complete absence of spines from its rostrum, trunk, and limbs seem to point to a rela- tionship with P. aurantiacus (Dana), 1852, and, if this suspicion be confirmed, we have in P. beaufortensis a second member of the subgenus Ensiger; but until more is known about P. awrantiacus nothing can be said with confidence upon the subject. 134 Mr. R. Gurney on the Copepod XIV.—A Description of the Copepod Cylindropsyllus brevi- cornis, Van Douwe, and of a new Species of D’ Arcythomp- sonia, Scott. By Ropert Gurney, M.A. [Plates V.--VII. } CYLINDROPSYLLUS BREVICORNIS was first described by Van Douwe from two male specimens taken in brackish water at Greifswald, and a single female was found by Brehm in 1914 in a collection made in fresh water at Sebenico in Dalmatia. In neither case did the material permit of the publication of a full description, and as I have had the opportunity of examining a number of specimens, and have come to the conclusion that a new genus should be formed for its reception, I think it advisable to give a further account of it with figures. Horse ta, gen. nov. Body vermiform, the abdomen not distinct from the thorax. Genital segment partly or wholly divided into two. First pair of antenne short, with few joints. Second pair three- jointed, without external ramus. Mandible without external ramus. Maxillipedes absent. Swimming-legs alike in both sexes, the internal rami of two and the external of three joints. Fifth pair of legs minute, one-jointed. A comparison of the single representative of this genus with Cylindropsyllus shows very striking differences in struc- ture, particularly with regard to the swimming-legs, Horsiella approaching in this respect more nearly to the genera Leptocaris and D’ Arcythompsonia. It differs from these two genera and also from Cylindropsyllus in the absence of the external ramus of the second pair of antenne and of the mandibles, and in the absence of the maxillipedes. Horsiella brevicornis (Van Douwe). (Pls. V. & VI.) Cylindropsyllus brevicornis, Van Douwe, Zool. Anz. xxviii. 1905, p- 487; Brehm, Zool. Anz. xliii. 1914, p. 337. Shape of body cylindrical and vermiform, as in Cylindro- psyllus; the first segment of the thorax marked off from the head by a slight dorsal groove exteuding partly down the sides. Integument thin and without markings. The genital segment is completely separated into two in the male, but in the female the line of division does not extend across the ventral surface. The fifth abdominal segment is twice as Cylindropsyllus brevicornis, &c. 135 long as the preceding segment in the female. Anal oper- culum not prominent, and without spines. The furcal rami are twice as long as they are broad, with a large apical seta which is nearly one-third the length of the body. All the segments of the body are smooth, without spines, but there are groups of exceedingly minute cilia on the ventral side of the abdominal segments (Pl. V. fig. 1) and a pair of minute setz on the dorsal margin of each (PI. V. fig. 3). The first antenna (Pl. VI. fig. 1) of the female is short and consists of five joints, the first two being thicker than the remainder and forming a distinct basal part. The third and fourth joints are short, the fourth bearing a thick zsthete extending far beyond the end of the antenna, The distal joint is as long as the third and fourth combined, and armed at its apex with two sete and an esthete, the latter springing from the same base as one of the sete. In the male the antenna is not geniculated and appears to be com- posed of two joints only, since the two basal joints are fused, and the remaining joints are only partially distinct. Viewed from above, the last three joints appear completely fused, the long zsthete springing from the edge of a peculiar notch, which probably serves as a hook for grasping the female CPT VI. fies. 1), 12). The second antenna is the same in both sexes and consists of three joints (Pl. VI. figs. 2, 3). The second joint bears two small sete in place of the external ramus, which is absent. I have seen one specimen in which this joint, in both limbs, bore a long blunt-pointed seta (Pl. VI. fig. 3). The distal joint is armed with five or six strong claws and a pair of sete which spring from the same basis. One of these sete has a bifurcated tip, and in some specimens there appears to be a hyaline prolongation with a bead at the end similar to the esthetes of the antenne of Cladocera. The mouth-parts (text-fig. 1) consist, as in Cylindropsyllus, of three pairs of appendages only, the maxillipedes being absent. In C. levis there are a pair of minute triangular plates behind the second pair of maxille which, as Prof. Sars suggests, may represent the maxillipedes, but there is no trace of them in Horsiella. The mandible consists of a large quadrangular base and a slender chewing part with three or four blunt teeth, no trace of an external ramus being found. The first maxilla has a two-jointed palp and a single broad terminal lobe armed with three teeth and a few spines. The second maxilla is two-jointed, the basal part bearing, in place of the usual setigerous lobes, a single finger-like process with a comb of minute hook-like spines. The second — 136 Mr. R. Gurney on the Copepod joint carries two large spines reaching forward nearly to the mouth. The mouth-parts are overhung by a large anterior lip with a toothed edge. Ihave not been able to detect the presence of a bilobed posterior lip as shown by Prof. Sars in C. levis, but there is a delicate flap or epistome bounding the mouth anteriorly and fringed with short cilia. The first four pairs of legs are of approximately the same structure in both sexes, consisting of an external branch of three joints and an inner two-jointed branch as long as the first two joints of the outer branch. The first pair (PI. VI. fig. 4) is the shortest, and the succeeding pairs increase somewhat in length, the fourth being considerably longer than the first pair. The external branches of all legs are alike, except that the third and fourth pair bear an additional seta on the apical joint. The internal branch of the first pair is alike in both sexes. The first joint bears a long seta with a blunt point fringed with cilia, which, in its normal position, is directed forward, reaching nearly to the mouth. ‘The distal joint bears a spine andalong seta. In the female the internal branches of the remaining swimming-legs are alike, but differ from the first pair in having the long sensory seta upon the base of the second joint and in having two apical sete (Pl. VI. figs. 5, 6). In the male the apical setee are as in the female, but, in place of the long basal seta of the second joint, the second and third legs have a peculiar sharply-pointed spine with a small barb (Pl. VI. fig. 9). The basal seta of the fourth leg is similar to that of the female, but longer and very much stouter (PI. VI. fig. 10). The fifth pair of legs in both sexes are minute knobs bearing two short spines in the female and four in the male (Pl. VI. figs. 7, 8). I have not seen any female bearing egg-sacs, but on one occasion a female which had been kept alive for a few days was found to be carrying a single egg attached to the genital segment by a slender stalk. The egg was soon burst and flattened by the movements of the animal under the cover- glass. Length. Female °56 to ‘65 mm.; male 6 mm. I owe the discovery of this species to Mr. D. J. Scour- field, who suggested to me that the submerged parts of dead Scirpus and Typha might harbour peculiar Entomostraca. The first specimen met with was found on July 14, 1919,*in a small piece of dead Typha floating in Hickling Broad, and by squeezing such decayed stems, I have found that it is not Cylindropsyllus brevicornis, ce. 137 Mouth-parts: A, side view; B, ventral view. UL., upper lip; EP., epistome; MN., mandible; MX. 1, first maxilla; M_X, 2, second maxilla. 138 Mr. R. Gurney on the Copepod uncommon in Hickling Broad and Horsey Mere where the water is slightly brackish*. It is probably widely distri- buted in the Norfolk Broads District wherever there is a trace of salt in the water, since I have also found it in Barton Broad and in the River Ant below Irstead. It also occurs in Calthorpe Broad, which is a very small Broad, not connected with the river, in which the water is, I believe, quite fresh. I have failed to find it in Sutton, South Walsham, and Ranworth Broads. Mr. Scourfield has sent me a sketch of an Harpacticid found by him at Littlehampton this year which undoubtedly belongs to this species, so that it is probable that it is generally distributed in brackish water wherever the vegeta- tion provides a suitable habitat. I have found it in the decaying leaves of Sparganium ramosum and Scirpus lacustris, but it seems to prefer to live under the leaf-sheaths of the dead stems of Typha angustifolia. I have not hitherto been able to make any observations on its life-history, since I have only once seen an egg-bearing female and have met with only two immature individuals, both of these being in late Cyclopid stages. It seems probable that the eggs are not carried in egg-sacs, but are laid freely, and that possibly reproduction is mainly confined to the spring or early snmmer, Against this supposition is the fact that the males always have developed spermatophores in the vas deferens. D Arcythompsonia scotti, sp.n. (Pl. VIL.) Body similar in shape to D. jairliensis, Scott, with soft cuticle without markings. The anal operculum of the female is scarcely prominent and somewhat pointed, while that of the male, as in D. fairliensis, is deeply cleft and projects as a pair of conspicuous hooks (Pl. VII. fig. 10). The furcal rami in both sexes are tapering, not contracted at the end as in D. fairliensis, with a single large terminal seta which is not jointed as it is in Cylindropsyllus levis. The second abdominal segment of the male has a median sucker-like projection on the dorsal surface, which appears to be crowned with a striated horseshoe-shaped membrane {PL VIL. fig. 21); The first antenna in both sexes consists of six joints, with no marked division between basal and distal parts, the large zesthete being borne by the third joint in the female and by the fourth in the male. In the latter the fourth joint * The salinity is very variable, ranging from about 40 to over 70 graine of chlorine as chlorides per gallon, Cylindropsyllus brevicornis, &c. 139 is much dilated and deeply notched. The second antenna is three-jointed, the third joint bearing six strong spines and a single long spine-like seta (Pl. VII. fig. 1). The external ramus is reduced to a small knob bearing a single seta, The mouth-parts are as in D. fairliensis, consisting of man- dibles, two pairs of maxilla, and a pair of maxillipedes. The mandible bears a one-jointed palp with two setz (Pl. VII. fig. 2). The maxillipedes are well developed and appear to agree with those of D. fairliensis, as figured by Prof. Sars. The swimming-legs are almost the same in both sexes, and are less slender than in D. fairliensis. In the first pair (Pl. VII. fig. 3) the second basal joint bears a strong spine on its inner angle, which is absent from the succeeding legs. In the male (Pl. VII. fig. 4) this spine is curved and slightly _ barbed. The internal rami of all legs are two-jointed, nearly as long as the external branch, but they differ some- what in the different legs in respect of the sete borne by them. The internal rami of the third and fourth pairs of legs of the male differ from those of the female in having the inner spine of the second joint considerably longer, and in having a long spine springing from the middle of the first joint of the fourth leg in space of a short apical spine. The fifth pair of legs are the same in both sexes, con- sisting of small knobs bearing each a small lateral seta and three terminal sete of which the middle one is very small (Pl. VII. fig. 12). Length. Female 1:15 and 1:3 mm.; male 1:2 and 1°45 mm. The specimens described above form part of the Norman Collection in the British Museum (Natural History), and are labelled “‘ Cylindropsyllus levis, E. Loch Tarbert, Loch Fyne, 1886, T. Scott.” (B.M. nos. 45248-252). I have to express my thanks to Dr. W. T. Calman and the authorities of the Museum for allowing me to examine them. The species differs from D. fairliensis in the form of the furcal rami of the female, in the structure of the antenne, and in certain details of the length and arrangement of the setz of the swimming-legs. EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. PLATE V. Horsiella brevicornis (Van Douwe), Fig. 1. Female, ventral view. Fig. 2. Male, dorsal view. Fig. 3. Male, lateral view. 140 Mr, O. Thomas on the Generic Positions of PLATE VI, Forsiella brevicornis (Van Douwe). Fig. 1. First antenna of female. Fig. 2. Second antenna of female, seen from the inside (the sete of the second joint are seen through). ? Fig. 8. Second antenna of female, from outside. Fig. 4. First leg of female. Fig. 6. Second leg of female. Fug. 6. Fourth leg of female. Fig. 7. Fifth pair of legs of female. Fig. 8. Fifth pair of legs of male. Fig. 9. Internal ramus of second leg of male. Fig. 10. Internal ramus of fourth leg of male. Fig, 11. First antenna of male from the side. i bo Fig. 12, First antenna of male—last two joints seen from inside. Priate VII. D’ Arcythompsonia scotti, sp. n. Fig. 1. Second antenna of male. Fig. 2. Mandible palp. Fig. 3. First leg of female. Fug, 4. First leg of male (rather more magnified). Fig, 5. Fourth leg of female. Fig. 6. Last two joints of external branch of third leg of female. Fig. 7. Second leg of male. Fig. 8. Fourth leg of male. Fig. 9. Last abdominal segment and furea of female. Fig. 10. Operculum and furcal ramus of male. Fig. 11. Protuberance of dorsal side of second abdominal segment of male. Seen from side. Fig. 12. Fifth leg of female. Fig. 18, Second leg of female. XV.—The Generic Positions of “Mus” nigricauda, Thos., and woosnami, Schwann. By O.prisitp THomas. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) Wuen dividing, some years ago*, the African members of what is now called Rattus into subgenera, I only dealt with the large and prominent groups of species, leaving isolated forms for further consideration. My attention has now, however, been called to a species which was one of the first I ever described +, “ Mus nigricauda,” based on a single Namaqualand specimen that has more recently been re- inforced by a number collected by Dr. Ansorge and Mr. * Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) xvi. p. 477 (1916). + P. Z. S. 1882, p. 266, pl, xiv. fig. 1. “Mus” nigricauda, Thos., and woosnami, Schwann. 141 Woosnam, so that we are now enabled to make a better study of the animal. Im addition, excellent notes on the habits have been made by Mr. Heller, who obtained in Kast Africa his ‘ Thamnomys loringi,” a form undoubtedly—as Mr. Hollister has shown *—very closely allied to nigricauda. On using my key to the subgenera, one finds that it is with ithomys alone that nigricauda needs comparison, and on making this I come to the conclusion that its specializations for an arboreal life are, undoubtedly, of sufficient im- portance to render it worthy of superspecific distinction. Moreover, since there is complete discontinuity, I think it most convenient to make a genus for it, rather than a sub- genus of Rattus. This may be called :— THALLOMYs, gen. nov. Genotype, Thallomys nigricauda (Mus nigricauda, Thos.). Other forms described : loringi, Hell.; kalaharicus, Dollm. External form modified in the way usual in arboreal forms, i. e. with the feet comparatively shortened, with large pads and comparatively long fifth digits, and with the tail pro- fusely pencilled throughout, quite different from the nearly naked tail of A#thomys and other terrestrial rats, while even the blackish line through the eyes so characteristic of many arboreal rodents is here again present. Mammze 0—2=4. Skull essentially as in Athomys, the bulle unusually large. Upper molars with the cusps high and well marked, the valleys on each side of the middle row of cusps deep and well defined, and the middle cusps themselves markedly narrower and more prominent than in Aithomys, i. e. nearly circular instead of transversely oblong. Lower molars with an approach to that peculiar condition which is found at its maximum in Mylomys and certain other genera, the cusps high and very sharply defined, their wear- ing surfaces pointing forwards, and the median valley along the tooth-row very sharp and deep. Almost no trace present of median posterior supplementary cusps. These characters, and especially those of the lower molars, seem to justify the generic distinction of the group, while the hairy tail separates it from its allies in exactly the same way, and for the same reasons, as Nyctomys and Rhipidomys are distinguished in America from other Vesper-rats, and in * Bull. U.S, Nat. Mus. no. 99, p. 69 (1919). 142 Mr. O. Thomas on Asia Pithechirus, Hapalomys, and many others from the terrestrial forms found there. A second species formerly put in Mus is the curious white- tailed M. woosnami, Schwann*, of Bechuanaland, which is even more decidedly different from any Rattus than is Thallomys nigricauda. Its unusual proportions, with the tail only about equal to the length of the body without the head, the entire absence of supraorbital ridges, and the struc- ture of the molars, of which m’ is greatly reduced and simplified, all testify to its being an animal which could not by any possible stretch of the genus be nowadays put in Rattus. Nor is any other genus more nearly related to it, though there is about it a certain superficial resemblance to Saccostomus which a closer study soon shows to be deceptive. As Mr. Schwann has given a full description of the distinctive characters, with figure of the animal, I do not propose to redescribe it, but simply suggest for it the name derived from its general pallor and white tail of Ocnromys, gen. nov. Genotype, Ochromys woosnami (Mus woosnami, Schwann). XVI.—A new Taphozous from the Sudan. By OLDFIELD T'HOMAS. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) AMONG a number of small mammals collected in the Sudan by Major J. Stevenson Hamilton, and sent to the British Museum for determination by the Wellcome Research Laboratories, Khartoum, there occurs a specimen of the following new bat, which I have great pleasure in naming in honour of its discoverer :— Taphozous hamiltont, sp. n. A fairly large species of the group with a naked gular patch in the female—a pouch therefore probably present in the male. * P, Z. S. 1906, p. 108, pl. vi. (animal), a new Taphozous from the Sudan. 143 Size rather smaller than in hildegardee, decidedly larger than in sudani. General external appearance as to colour and distribution of fur much about as in perforatus and its allies. Fur covering, but restricted to, the body, short ; hairs of back barely 3 mm. in length. Colour above dark sepia- brown, the extreme tips of the hairs lighter, their bases white ; below similar, but paler, the light tips being longer. Throat with a sharply defined naked patch, no doubt indicating that the male has a gular pouch. Skull broad and stout, much more heavily built than that of ZT. sudani, and approaching that of the large 7. nudi- ventris, though its muzzle is conspicuously shorter than in that animal and is without the great projection forward of the incisors.. Forehead broad and flat, little hollowed out, the rise of the brain-case behind it not nearly so great as in sudant. Postorbital processes well developed, short. Brain- case broad, more parallel-sided, less oval, than in sudani. Mesoptery goid fossa penetrating the palate to the level of the hinder edge of m?. Basial pits broadly triangular, not very deep. Teeth as usual, rather stout and heavy throughout, breadth across canines greater than in other species of the same size. Dimensions of the type:— Forearm (c.) 66 mm.* Head and body 80 ; tail 35 ; third metacarpal 60. Skull: condyle to front of canines 22 ; zygomatic breadth 15; interorbital breadth 7:3; intertemporal breadth 5 ; breadth of brain-case 11°2; mastoid breadth 13 ; palato- sinual length 6°25; postpalatal length 11:2; basial pits, length 3, combined breadth 5. ‘Teeth: front of canine to back of m? 9°73 front of p* to back of m? 6:5. flab. Mongalla, Sudan. Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 19.12.18.1. No. 118 of the Stevenson Hamilton collection. Collected 13th June, 1918. Presented to the National Museum by the Wellcome Research Laboratories. It is difficult to say to which of the older-known species this Yaphozous is most nearly allied. Its skull is much stouter than that of perforatus, sudani, and their allies, while, of course, the widely different fur-distribution of nudiventris and the peculiar colour of mauritianus at once separate those forms from it. TZ. hildegardee has a much narrower and * The proximal end of each forearm has been lost, and the length is estimated from that of the third metacarpal, usually rather more than one-tenth shorter. 144. Ona new Marmoset from the Peruvian Amazons. more slender skull, and no naked gular patch in the female. It is to be hoped that male specimens will shortly be obtained, so that the pouch-structure in that sex can be observed. Major Stevenson Hamilton states that the specimen was captured in the verandah of his house. XVII.—A new Marmoset from the Peruvian Amazons. By OLDFIELD ‘THOMAS. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) Leontocebus mounseyt, sp. n. Closely allied to LZ. apiculatus, Thos.*, with which it agrees in all essential characters, but distinguished by the following points :—Terminal ticking of nape-hairs commencing rather further forward, en the hairs between the ears instead of further down the neck. Dorsal marbling rather more coarsely conspicuous. Fur of under surface, including groins and inner sides of thighs, longer and denser, and the hairs all with distinct blackish bases instead of being wholly reddish. Upper side of hands and feet rather more prominently grizzled with fulvous. ‘Tail, beyond its basal reddish-mixed inch, abruptly deep black, without any trace of the more extensive fulvous grizzling for three or four inches which forms so marked a characteristic of L. apiculatus. Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :— Head and body 175 mm.; tail 800; hind foot 58; ear 24. Skull: gnathion to occiput 46. Hab. Rio Pacaya, opposite Sapote, Lower Ucayali. Alt. 250 feet. Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 20.1. 9.1. Original num- ber 2. Collected 25th July, 1912, by Mr. J. J. Mounsey. One specimen. Of the various characters above noted, the most marked is the difference in the extension of the grizzling of the base of the tail—a character quite constant in other species and one that seems certainly to justify the distinction of the Pacaya marmoset. * Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xiv. p. 190 (1904) ; Elliot, Primates, i. p. 204 (1918). On Two new Species of Fossil Tortoises. 145 XVIII.—Note on Two new Species of Fossil Tortoises. By C. W. Anprews, D.Sc., F.R.S. (British Museum, Natural History). (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) Tue first of the two specimens which form the subject of the present note is an internal cast of the shell of a rather large Pleurodiran tortoise, with some of the carapace and plastron still adhering to it. It is from the Upper Greensand of Melbury Down, near Shaftesbury, Dorset, and it is said to have been used for some years for blocking a gate open, a circumstance which probably accounts for the broken condition of the marginal portion of the shell. ‘The speci- men then passed into the collection of late Mr. John Rutter, and was presented to the British Museum by Mr. Clarence E: Rutter in 1915. Most of tle carapace has been lost, and is represented only by the natural cast of its inner surface. The parts preserved are two or three costal bones on the right side, perhaps some neurals, the pygal, the supra-pygal or supra-pygals, and the six posterior marginals much broken at the edges. Portions of the posterior costals are present on the left side, and there are a few other adherent portions of bone of no importance. The plastron is, on the whole, beautifully preserved, only the front of the anterior lobe being missing, the epiplastrals, the front of the entoplastral, and parts of the hyo-plastral being represented by the impressions of their upper surface only. The bridge uniting the carapace and plastron is well preserved on the left side, but on the right most of it is represented by the impressions of the bones only. Tlie plates of the carapace and plastron, together with the infilling mass of matrix, probably give a pretty accurate idea of the true form of the shell, which was strongly arched from side to side and to a rather less degree from before backwards. The length of the shell was approximately 580 mm. (the front part of the cast is somewhat incomplete). The width is roughly 470 mm. ; the height is about 220 mm.; the length of the bridge is 225mm. ‘The plates all bear a strongly developed ornament consisting of round or oval tubercles, often flat at the top and sometimes with a small depression in the middle. They measure from one to four millimetres across aud are most strongly developed on the bridge and the lateral portions of the plastron. In spite of this strong sculpture horny scutes were present, at least on the plastron, Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. v. 10 146 ee Dr. C. W. Andrews on Fig. 1. Ud SRT NEEM yi Vite se: V5, ne. 2irseaeceey cate are 30° Dorey 3 uv a fe Fa) * ee tattee wer’ essen RTE Pre, ms., pie 1 o o $4 , et Ceol che anafine ee GEN ex Ce oy ef RP RSE ET 9 MIN eees ao seernnctersee c ner eeeae Trachydermochelys ruttert. A, plastron; B, posterior end of carapace. ent., entoplastron; epi., epiplastron; Ayo., hyoplastron; hyp., hypo- plastron ; m., marginals; ms., mesoplastron of left side; ms. 1, ms. 2, mesoplastra of right side, py., pygal ; sm., submarginals ; s.py. 1, s.py. 2, suprapygals; xip., xiphiplastral. About j nat. size. The whole surface is covered with sculpture, but this has only been drawn where most strongly developed. Two new Species of Fossil Tortoises. 147 where the sulci marking their boundaries are well defined. The whole shell was very massive, some of the plastral plates measuring upwards of 13 mm. in thickness. The arrangement of the plates will be best understood from the figures. There seems to have been a pygal of peculiar form, narrowing towards the margin of the shell (fig. 1, B) : it is represented in part by its impression’ only, but the sutures can be followed. The lower supra-pygal is a small well-defined bone, crescentic in outline, with the concavity downwards. The nature of the bone above is doubtful, the sutures in this region being obscure and cracks numerous: it may be a second sypra-pygal or the posterior pair of costals unitingiin the middle line. If this last interpretation is correct, the animal possessed at least nine pairs of costals— a quite exceptional condition. The marginals were very massively constructed : all preserved are much broken at the edges. The plastron (fig. 1, A) is chiefly remarkable for the presence of two mesoplastrals on the left side, while there is only one on the right. This reduplication of the plastral element is interesting, because it may indicate a tendency to revert to an earlier condition in which the number of paired elements in the plastron was greater than inlaterforms, The posterior lobe narrows gradually backwards from the bridge, and its posterior end is slightly notched. The anterior lobe is broadly rounded ; the form of the epiplastrals cannot be clearly determined, but it can be seen that their upper border was thickened, rounded, and covered with the characteristic sculpture. The entoplastron is incomplete, but was probably lozenge-shaped. The hyoplastra are incomplete in front. The single mesoplastron on the right side is very wide, almost as wide as the two occurring on the other side taken together. On both sides the mesoplastra widen out towards the bridge, this being particularly marked in the anterior one on the left side. The form of the hypo- and xiphiplastra present no special peculiarities. The grooves marking the outline of the horny scutes are well marked on the plastral surface, but could not be seen on what remains of the carapace. ‘The boundary between the humeral and pectoral scutes crosses just behind the posterior angle of the ento- plastron, that between the pectorals and abdominals is on the mesoplastra. The grooves between the femoral and anal scutes slope strongly backwards, and are confined to the xiphiplastra. On the bridge there were three or four sub- marginal scutes. ‘The presence of the horny scutes on a shell in which the sculpture is so strongly developed seems remarkable. / 148 Dr. C. W. Andrews on The precise systematic position of this chelonian is not certain, but it must belong either to the Amphichelydia or to the Pleurodira. It may be referred to the genus Trachyder- mochelys, founded by Seeley * for the reception of some scutes from the Cambridge Greensand, possessing a nearly identical type of sculpture, their specific name being T. phly- ctenus ; the species has never been properly described and figured, and Lydekker T has suggested that these scutes may actually belong to species of Rhinochelys. This, however, is by no means certain, and I therefore prefer to employ the name Trachydermochelys given to the sculptured scutes. In the Cambridge Greensand species the sculpture is consider- ably finer than in the present specimen, which, moreover, is from a different horizon: for these reasons I propose to refer it to a new species, for which the name Trachydermochelys rutteri is proposed. A Chelonian shell from the Upper Greensand of the Isle of Wight was described by Owen (quoted by C. Parkinson) in the Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxxvui. 1881, p. 870, and was made the type of a new genus and species under the name Plastremys lata. This specimen is R. 48 of the British Museum collection. The only character mentioned by Owen is the absence of the mesoplastral elements, and this is an error ; the promised further description never appeared. In 1889, Lydekker (Catal. Foss. Rept. Brit. Mus. pt. iii. p. 195) referred this specimen to his genus Hyleochelys, repeating the statement that mesoplastra are absent. Re-examination of the shell, however, shows that not only were these elements present but that they were large, and that a sculpture similar to that of Trachodermochelys, though not so strongly marked, was present in the region of the bridge, the rest of the shell so far as known being smooth. It seems almost certain that this specimen represents another species of Trachyder- mochelys, the name of which would be Trachydermochelys lata, Owen, sp. The second specimen here described is part of the carapace of a tortoise from the Barton Clay at the foot of Higheliff, near Christchurch, Hants. It is preserved in the Museum of Practical Geology, Jermyn Street (No. 20497). The parts of the shell present are: the right half of the nuchal bone, the five anterior marginals, the five anterior neurals, the four auterior costals, and part of the fifth on the right side, while * “Index to Aves ete. in the Cambridge Museum,’ pp. xix & 33 (1869). These specimens have never been properly figured or described. ¢ Lydekker, Catal, Foss. Rept. Brit. Mus. pt. 3, p. 182. Two new Species of Fossil Tortoises. 149 on the left only the upper ends of these bones are present. The length in the middle line of the portion preserved is 885 mm., probably rather more than half the length of the whole shell, which, therefore, was of considerable size. The width measured at the level of the third neural was Fig, 2. Patanemys bartonensis, Anterior portion of carapace. c. 1-4, costal bones; ¢.s. 1-2, costal shields; m. 1-2, marginals ; ». 1-5, neural bones; mz., nuchal bone; Nw., nuchal shield; w., vertebral shields. } nat. size. about 634 mm.; but this is probably an exaggeration, owing to the flattening that has been undergone, although perhaps the convexity of the carapace was never very great. The general arrangement of the bones and scutes is shewn in fig. 2, - 150 Mr. R. E. Turner on the The nuchal was very wide (about 230 mm.), while its length in the middle line was only about 67mm. It seems to have had a small median prominence on either side. of which its border is slightly concave. Its form is peculiar, and J have been unable to find any other nuchal similar to it. The neural bones are long and narrow. The first is four- sided, the long lateral borders being slightly convex; the posterior end is bluntly pointed to fit into a notch in the front border of the second. This latter, together with the other neurals preserved, has a short anterior lateral border and a long posterior one; the posterior end in all is rounded and fits into a concave anterior border of the bone behind. The anterior costal is roughly triangular in outline, its outer border occupies exactly the length of the first two marginal bones. The second costal is about. 70 mm. wide at its inner end, but widens out to about double this before it joins the marginals. The third costal, on the other hand, which is about the same width at its inner end, narrows to about half this at its outer end. The fouth costal widens out like the second. The fifth is only partly preserved. This alternate widening and narrowing of the costal bones is seen in many species of Testudo, but here the form of the neurals and their relations to the costals is quite different. The grooves marking the outlines of the horny shield are well marked, There may, perhaps, have been a very small nuchal shield ; the first marginal shield, in correlation with the great width of the nuchal bone, is very long from side to side and narrow. The form of the costal and marginal shields and their relations to the underlying bones will be best understood from the figure. The shape and arrangement of the shields are much as in Emys. This specimen has been compared with any other forms with which relationship seemed likely, but differs very considerably from all. Its chief distinguishing character- istics are the great width of the nuchal bone, the long narrow neurals, and the alternate widening and narrowing the costals. I propose to refer this specimen to a new genus, Patanemys, the specific name being Patanemys bartonensis, sp.n. It seems to belong to the family Emydide. XITX.—WNotes on the Ichneumonide in the British Museum.— III. On a new Tasmanian Species. By Row ann HE. Turner, F.Z.S., F.E.S. Platylabus altitudinis, sp. n. @. Nigra; mandibulis in medio, palpis, antennis articulis 8 basalibus, pedibusque, coxis exceptis, ferrugineis; trochanteri- Ichneumonide in the British Museum. L5t bus intermediis posticisque supra nigris; antennis articulis 9~ 15 albidis; orbitis internis supra anguste, pronoto linea angulis posticis, mesopleuris linea horizontali sub alis anticis, scutello macula magna, segmento mediano macula utrinque angulis posticis, tergitisque duobus basalibus fascia apicali angusta flavis ; alis subhyalinis, stigmate venisque fuscis. 6. Feminz similis; mandibulis basi, clypeo, facie, orbitis, supra interruptis, scapo subtus, propleuris antice, postseutello linea transversa, tergitoque tertio fascia apicali insuper flavis ; antennis articulis duobus basalibus ferrugineis, 3-11 ferrugineis, supra fuscis, 12-19 pallide ferrugineis, 20-22 fuscis, subtus ferru- gineis, 23-38 nigris. Long., 9 10 mm., d 10 mm. ?. Third joint of antenne longer than the fourth by more than one-third, fifth and sixth subequal, a little shorter than the fourth, the antennz 37-jointed; clypeus transverse at the apex, narrowly impunctate at the apex, punctate on the basal two-thirds ; face punctate ; vertex and front almost smooth, very shallowly punctured ; supra-antennal foveze smooth and moderately deep. Face much broader than long, almost flat; cheeks about one-third as long as the eyes. Thorax opaque, closely punctured ; pleurz rather more strongly punctured and slightly rugulose. Scutellum more sparsely punctured and less opaque, the lateral carine ex- tending beyond the middle. Basal area of the median segment transverse, narrowed posteriorly ; areola transverse, widened posteriorly, the sides slightly curved outwards, less distinctly punctured than the basal area ; the posterior and the postero-intermedial areas confluent, with numerous short ruge springing from the sides and converging medially, but not meeting ; middle of these areas shining, irregularly rugulose; postero-external area defined, rugulose; external and dentiparal areas confluent, external portion punctate, dentiparal rugulose and produced into a rather blunt tooth ; spiracles elliptical ; spiracular area anterior to the spiracle punctured, posteriorly rugose-reticulate with punctures intermingled ; lateral and juxta-coxal aree coarsely punc- tured. Petiole almost impunctate, with a shallow, ill-defined supra-spiracular sulcus on each side. Second tergite sub- opaque, very finely punctured, smoother towards base and apex, not quite as long as its apical breadth; gastrocceli shallow; the remaining tergites almost smooth. Areolet very narrow on the radius. Hab. Mt. Wellington, Tasmania, 2300 ft., January to April, 1913 (Turner) ; type, a 2 in B.M. The abdomen of the male is more strongly punctured, especially on the second and third tergites. 152 Ona new Cichlid fish from Lake Tanganyika. XX.—A new Cichlid Fish of the Genus Limnochromis from Lake Tanganyika. By C,. Tate Reaan, M.A.,, F.R.S. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) Limnochromis otostigma, sp. n. Pelmatochromis auritus (part.), Bouleng. Cat. Afr. Fish, iii, p. 415 (1915). Depth of body 3 to 34 in the length, length of head 3 to 34. Snout as long as or shorter than diameter of eye, which is 3 to 34 in length of head, greater than preorbital depth ; inter- orbital width 4 to 44 in length of head. Jaws equal ante- riorly ; maxillary extending nearly to below middle of eye; teeth small, in 2 or 3 series. 4 or 5 series of scales on cheek. 11 or 12 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. A more or less distinct papillose pad on each side in front of the upper pharyngeals. Lower pharyngeal a triangular plate with doubly convex posterior edge and with a long anterior blade; teeth all slender. Dorsal XV (XVI) 9-10; last spine 3 length of head. Anal II{ 8-9. Pectoral as long as head, extending to origin of anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle 14 as long as deep. 395 or 36 scales in a longitu- dinal series, 5 or 6 from first dorsal spine to lateral line. Olive-brown, with oblique cross-bars of silvery white; a blue-black opercular spot ; fins greyish. ‘Lake Tanganyika. Seven specimens, measuring up to 100 mm. in total length. L. auritus is often a little deeper (depth 24 to 3 in the length) and has the mouth a little smaller (maxillary to below anterior 1 of eye), and the spinous dorsal, with 16 or 17 spines, a little lower ; also the silvery-white cross-bars on the body are absent, but the vertical fins have pale spots and dark stripes. The most notable external difference between the two species is in the form of the caudal fin, rounded in L. otostigma and emarginate in L. auritus ; this is not due to age, but is evident when examples of the same size are com- pared. Another important difference is that in L, auritus the lower pharyngeal has no distinct anterior blade and that a few teeth in the middle near its posterior edge are rather stout and blunt. "Periodicals aislisied of TAYLOR a FRANCIS. ss ‘es ad ~ Published the First Day of every Month. —2s. 6d. nett. Pc THE LONDON, EDINBURGH, and DUBLIN Sr cccroeke MAGAZINE AND JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. Conducted by SIR OLIVER JOSEPH LODGE, D.8c., LL.D., F. 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X XI.—Further Notes on the Fabrician Types of Heteromera (Coleoptera) in the Banks Collection. By K. G. Buatr, B.Sc., F.E.S. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) In the ‘Annals’ for May 1914 (ser. 8, vol. xiii. pp. 482- 490) I published notes on the Fabrician types of ‘lenebrio- nidg in the above collection. The present paper supplements these with notes on the types belonging to other families of the Heteromerous series. A few species not included in the Heteromera that were placed by Fabricus in the genus Cistela are also noted, with a brief indication of their true systematic position. Where no comment is added the species may be taken as being generally well known and correctly identified. Family Alleculide (Cistelide). 1. Lobopoda lurida. Helops luridus, Fab, Syst. Ent. 1775, p, 258. Brazilia, I have not been able to identify this with any other described species, and as the name appears to have been dropped from recent catalogues a redescription of the species may be of value :— Elongate-ovate, moderately nitid, dark reddish brown Ann. & Mag. N. Mist. Ser. 9. Vol. v. 19! 154 Mr. K. G. Blair on the Fabrician Types of with a not very dense clothing of depressed fulvous hairs ; eyes separated by a space about equal to the length of the secoud joint of the antenne ; thorax strongly transverse, with a shallow median impression gradually evanescent in front, and a moderately strong basal impression on each side, the surface rather closely but not deeply punctured ; elytra gradually narrowed from just behind the shoulders, deeply punctate-striate, the punctures much smaller behind the middle, intervals convex, finely not very densely aspe- rately punctate. Length 10 mm. The species is closely allied to L. puncticollis, Champ., from Guatemala, from which it differs in having the eyes less closely approximate and the punctures of the elytral striz coarser. The British Museum possesses specimens from Pernambuco, Bahia, Espirito Santo, and Rio de Janeiro. 2. Homotrysis rufipes. Helops rufipes, Fab. Syst. Ent. p. 258. Nova Hollandia. Homotrysis (Allecula) angusticollis, Boh. Res. Eugén, 1858, p. 100. The synonymy has been established by Mr. H. J. Carter on specimens compared with the type of Helops rufipes, Fabr. This is another name that seems to have disappeared from recent catalogues. 3. Lystronychus equestris. Helops equestris, Fab. Syst. Ent. p. 257. Brazil. The type is defective, wanting the head and thorax, but the elytra of this well-known species are amply distinctive. 4, Heliotaurus ruficollis. Cistela ruficollis, Fab. Spec. Ins. i. 1781, p. 147. Lusitania, ? Heliotaurus sanguinicollis, Reitt. Verh. Nat. Ver. Brinn. xlv. 1906, p. 143. The type is a 9, and is rather doubtfully identical with H. ruficollis of Reitter’s ‘ Bestimmungstabellen.’? The elytral epipleura are not turned upwards, but are vertical as in H. sanguinicollis, Reitt. 5. Prionychus ater. Helops ater, Fab. Syst. Ent. 1775, p. 258. Liipsia. : No collection is definitely specified as containing the type, but the specimen in the Banks Collection bears a label with the above reference, and may, in default of any individual with a better claim, be taken as the type. Heteromera in the Banks Collection. 155 Family Lagriida. 6. Lagria glabrata (hirta, L.). Lagria glabrata, Fab. Syst. Ent. p. 125. Anglia. Though stated to be in Mus. Dom. Banks, the type is not now to be found in this Collection. Olivier expresses doubt whether his L. glabrata (Encycl. Méth. vii. 1792, p. 446) is identical with that of Fabricus, a fact that suggests that the type was even then not to be found in the Banks Collection, to which this author is known to have had access. Seidlitz (Naturgesch. der Insekt. Deutschl. y. 2, 1898, p. 350) considered, no doubt correctly, that ZL. glabrata, Fab., was merely a rubbed specimen of L. hirta, L., and Borchmann in Junk’s Catalogue places it as a synonym of this species. In any case, the name glabrata is occupied in the genus Lagria from 1775, and is consequently not available for Olivier’s species (1792). The name of the latter should, therefore, be changed to ZL. rugosula, Rosenh., its first available synonym. 7. Lagria villosa. Lagria villosa, Fab. Spec. Ins. i. p. 160. Cap. bon. Spei. A well-known species widely distributed in Africa. 8. Lagria tomentosa. Lagria tomentosa, Fab. Syst. Ent. 1775, p. 125. Nova Hollandia. Lagria pulchrivaria, Lea, Trans. Roy. Soc. 8. Austral. xli, 1917, p. 175. The type is defective, with the basal joint of only one antenna left. It is apparently a ? of the species recently described by Lea as L. pulchrivaria from Queensland and New South Wales. Mr. Champion has long since pointed out (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1895, p. 229) that the species from Western Australia, commonly known as L. tomentosa, Fab. (L. eneoviolacea, Champ.), does not agree with this type. 9. Eutrapela elongata. Crioceris elongata, Fab. Syst. Ins. i. 1781, p. 156. Cap. bon. Spei. Crioceris elongata, Fab. Ent. Syst. i. 2, 1792, p. 11. Helodes elongata, Fab. Syst. Eleuth. i. 1801, p. 470. Chrysomela unifasciata, De Geer, Mém. vii. 1778, p. 664, pl. 49, figs, 18-19. Helodes porrecta, Fab. Syst. Eleuth. i. 180}, p. 470. Eutrapela vittata, lig. (Dej, Cat. 1837). ae 156 Mr. K. G. Blair on the Fabrictan Types of Reference to Fabricius’s earliest description is omitted from both Gemminger and Harold’s Catalogue and that of Borchmann, so that the name is made to date from 1792. The species is generally erroneously determined in col- lections. The type is a @, with greenish-black thorax, legs, and antenne. ‘The ?, with these parts testaceous, was later described by Fabricius as H. porrecta, which is identical with Chrysomela unifasciata, De Geer. The name E. elongata, Fab., must therefore be sunk as a synonym of H. unifasciata, De G., and for the species usually known by it a new name must be found. J. longa, Gmel. (1788), which appears in the Catalogues as a synonym, is probably only a Japsus calami, and in any case the description refers definitely to the Fabrician species, so that the name is not available for H. elongata, auctt. (nec Fab.). From specimens now in the British Museum from De- jean’s Collection it is evident that the mistake had arisen at least as early as his Catalogue (1837), and I now propose the name dejeani, nom. nov., for the species that appears there and in later Catalogues as EL. elongata, Fab. Both species are black with a greenish-metallic tint and a broad flavous vitta along the disc of each elytron” ; they are readily distinguished as follows :— Vitta embracing the 5th, 6th, and 7th intervals, but not extending beyond them except near the base, where it is suddenly expanded to reach the margin; punctures of median row on each interval as large as those of the striz. —dejeani, nom. noy. [ =elongata, auctt. (nec Fab.) ]. Vitta embracing the whole of the 4th interval and encroaching slightly upon the 8rd and 5th; punctures of median rows on each interval distinctly smaller than those of the striz.—wnifasciata, De G. [=elongata, F.=longa, Gmel.=porrecta, Fab.=vittata, Illig. (Dej. Cat.) |. Family Melandryide. 10. Stenotrachelus eneus. Lagria enea, Fab, Syst. Ent, p. 124. In Insulis Americ. The habitat is evidently erroneous, the species being holarctic in distribution. * N.B.—E. unifasciata, De G., is sexually dimorphic, as noted above. Heteromera in the Banks Oollection. ~~ Low 11. Melandrya serrata (caraboides, L.). Helops serratus, Fab. Syst. Ent. p. 257. Anglia. No collection is specified as containing the type, but this individual may provisionally be taken as such. Its identity with ‘ Chrysomela” caraboides, L., was recognised by Fabricius in his later works. Family Edemeride. 12. Thelyphassa lineata. Lagria lineata, Fab. Syst. Ent. p. 124. Nova Zelandia. Dryops lineata, Fab, Syst. Eleuth. ii. p. 68. Selenopselaphus lineatus, Fab., Gemm. & Har. Cat. p, 2168. Sessinia lineata, Fab., Schenklin in Junk’s Coleopt. Cat. pars 65, 1915, p. 33, The type isa 9. It is curious that Pascoe, when charac- terising the genus Thelyphassa, should not have recognised the close affinity between this species and his 7. diaphana. He had himself, only six months previously, removed it from Selenopalpus (Selenopselaphus) to Sessinia. It may be noted that S. longicornis, Broun, and S. strigi- pennis, White, should also be placed in Thelyphassa. 13. Selenopalpus cyaneus. Lagria cyanea, Fab. Syst. Ent. p. 125. Nova Hollandia. Dryops cyanea, Fab. Syst. Eleuth. ii. p. 68. Selenopselaphus cyaneus, Fab., Gemm. & Har. Cat. p. 2168. Selenopalpus chalybeus, White (3), Voy. ‘Erebus’ & ‘Terror,’ Ins, 1846, p. 13. New-Zealand. Selenopalpus subviridis, White (@.), loc. cit. The type of S. cyaneus, Fab., is a g and is identical with S. chalybeus, White, the type of which is also in the British Museum. S. subviridis, White, is nothing but the ? of the same species. The locality given by Fabricius is evidently erroneous, 14. Sessinia livida. Lagria livida, Fab. Syst. Ent. p. 124. Otaheiti. The species is well known in collections, and is the type y of Pascoe’s genus Sessinia 158 Mr. K. G. Blair on the Fahrician Types of 15. Dohrnia tristis. Necydalis tristis, Fab. Mant. Ins. i. 1787, p. 170. In terra Diemenii. (Edemera tristis, Fab. Oliv. Ent. iii. 1795, no. 50, p. 12, pl. ii. fig. 13. Dohrnia mirabilis, Newm. Zoologist, ix. 1851, App., p. 183. Ithaca anthina, Olliff, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. Wales, (2) ii. 1887, p. 154. Unfortunately all that remains of the type is the abdomen attached to the pin. The description, in conjunction with Olivier’s figure, leaves no doubt that the insect was the ¢ of the species better known as Dohrnia mirabilis, Newm., and an examination of the abdomen makes this identity certain. Olliff evidently did not know Newman’s insect, but his description is so full and detailed as to leave the synonymy beyond question. Family Meloide. 16. Epicauta dubia. Lytta dubia, Fab. Spec. Ins. i. 1781, p. 829. Sibiria. 17. Epicauta marginata (cinerea, Forst.). Lytta marginata, Fab. Syst. Ent. 1775, p. 260. Hab. C. B.S, Fabricius again gives a wrong locality, and does not cite the collection from which the type is taken. Olivier states (Ent. iii. p. 46. no. 16) that it is “du cabinet de M. Banks.” The Banksian insect bears the label “Sp. Ins. no. 5,” at which reference the species is synonymised with Meloe cine- reus, Forst., a well-known N.-American species. 18. Lytta nitidula. | Lytta nitidula, Fab. Syst. Ent. 1775, App. p. 826. Anglia. The locality is corrected in Ent. Syst. i. 2, p. 84, to Cap. Bon. Spei. The collection containing the type is not speci- fied, but Olivier states that it is in the Banks Collection. The reference is incorrectly given in the Catalogues as p. 820. 19. Euzonitis quadripunctata. Mylabris 4-punctata, Fab. Mant. i. 1787, p. 217. Russia. The reference is incorrectly given in recent Catalogues as Syst. Eleuth. 11. 1801, p. 84. Heteromera in the Banks Collection. 159 20. Zonitis angulata. Cantharis angulata, Fab. Mant. i. p. 168. Insula Amsterdam. " Zonitis angulifera, Blanch. Voy. Pole Sud, Ins. iv. 1853, p. 191, pl. xii. figs. 17, 18. The type agrees perfectly with specimens in the British Museum from Vavao and the Tonga Islands (Z. angulifera, Blanch.). Amsterdam Is. is in the southern Indian Ocean, so that the Fabrician locality again appears to be erroneous. 21. Zonitis testacea. Mylabris testacea, Fab. Spec. Ins. i. 1781, p. 331. Sibiria. Zonitis preusta, Fab. Ent. Syst. i. 2, 1792, p. 48. Italia. Zonitis flava, Fab. Syst. Ent. 1775, p. 127. In Oriente. Zonitis flava, Fab. Ent. Syst. i. 2, 1792, p. 49. This species was three times described by Fabricius him- self. The synonymy of the first two names given above was recognized by him, but 7. flava, described from the collec- tion of Prof. Forskah], was retained as a distinct species in his latest work (Syst. Eleuth. 11. 1801, p. 24). The reference to Z. flava is given incorrectly in the Cata- logues as Ent. Syst. ii. (sic!) 1792, p. 49, but the name really originates from 1775, and thus takes precedence as the specific name. This precedence is recognized by Reitter (Fauna Germ. iii. 1911, p. 397), but the name is not adopted by Borchmann in his recent Catalogue of this family (1917). 22. Cissites testacea,. Lymexylon testaceum, Fab. Spec. Ins. i..1781, p. 256. Habitat : Horia testacea, Fab., Oliv. Ent. iii. 1795, no, 63 bis, pl. i. fig. 2a (2). Horia cephatotes, Oliv. Ent. iii. 1795, no. 53 bis, pl. i. fig. 3 (d). This type has already been stated by Dr. C. J. Gahan (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) ii. 1908, p. 201) to be the ? of an African species probably identical with Horia cephalotes, Oliv., H. senegalensis, Cast.,and Cissites macrognatha, Fairm. Indeed, it is doubtful whether any of the so-called species of Cissites described from Africa is more than a form, with greater or less development of the head, of the one species ; this development varies greatly even in a series froin the same localty. (N.B.—C. nitida, Gah., of Borchmann’s Cata- logue belongs not to Cissites but to Horia, as stated by its describer.) When defining the genus Horta (Mant. i. 1787, p. 164), Fabricius had before him an insect from Tranquebar sent 160 Mr. K. G. Blair on the Fabrician Types of him by Hiibner-(vide Naturforscher, xxiv. 1789, pp. 47-48). This he described as the ¢ of his earlier L. testacewm (1781), of whose country of origin he was ignorant, but as Dr. Gahan points out (loc. cit.) in this synonymy he was at fault. Dr. Gahan contends that the name festacea, Fab., for the type of Horia is invalid, but I think it may be fairly argued that the type of Horia testacea (1787) was the ¢ insect from Tranquebar, not the Banksian insect, and that, the types being distinct, the validity of the name is not affected by their supposed specific identity. Olivier’s figure of the ¢ of Horia testacea, Fab., in reality represents the 2 of Cissites testacea, and is probably taken from the Banksian type. Singularly enough, he describes and figures next to it the g of the same species as new (H. cephalotes). The references to the literature of these two species, given by Borchmann in Junk’s Coleopt. Catal. pars 69, 1917, are much confused; they should be distributed as follows :— Horta testacea, Fab. Mant. Ins. i. 1787, p. 164; Ent. Syst. i. 2, 1792, p. 91; Syst. Eleuth. ii. 1801, p. 86.—Hiibner, Naturforsch. xxiv. 1789, p. 47, t. 2. ff. 14-17.—Oliv. Ent. iii. 1795, no. 53 dis, p. 4, t. i. f. 2.6.—Guér. Icon. régne amin. Ins. 1829-44, t. 34. f. 10.—Sturm, Katal. 1826, p. 71, t. iii. f. 25.—Lap. Hist. Nat. Ins. ii. 1840, P 280.—Gahan, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) ii. 1908, p. 203,.— WVellm. Canad. Ent. xlii. 1910, p. 392. ? sanguinolenta *, Schroter, Abhandl. i. 1776, p. 364, t. 3, f. 6. Tranquebar. Cissites testacea, Fab. Spec. Ins. i. 1781, p. 256.—Oliv. Ent. iii. 1795, no. 53 bis, t. i. f.2a(Q).—De Borre, C. Rend. Soc. Ent. Belge, 1888, pp. 186-188, fig. (¢ ).—Gahan, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) ii. 1908, p. 204. Africa. Family Mordellide. 23. Mordella octopunctata. M. 8-punctata, Fab. Syst. Ent. p. 263. In America septentrionali. * sanguinolenta, Schréter, given by Borchmann as a synonym of Cissites testacea, has nothing to do with this species. The insect intended is evidently a species of Horia, said to originate from Surinam. What- ever be the species described, the name has no standing, as the author was merely comparing his insect with Cantharis sanguinolenta, Linn., and deliberately refrained from giving it a name (see Schroter, loc. cit. p- 828). Heteromera in the Banks Collection. 161 Family Rhipiphoride. 24. Macrosiagon sexmaculatum. Mordella sermaculata, Fab. Syst. Ent. 1775, p. 263. America. Ripiphorus 6-maculatus, Fab, Ent. Syst. i. 2, 1792, p. 111. At the second reference cited the type is stated to be in the Banks Collection, though no specimen now exists there. The species is described with no reference to any earlier work, but the description is almost word for word the same as that of Mordella 6-maculata (1775), where the type is stated to be in Dr. Hunter’s Collection ; this is now in the Glasgow University Museum. The species has been placed by Horn and subsequent writers as a synonym of Macrosiagon pectinatum, Fab. (1775, Mordella), described immediately before it (Mus. Dom. Drury). Family Tenebrionide. 25. Hoplocephala cornigera. Hispa cornigera, Fab. Spec. Ins. i. 1781, p. 82. Anglia. This type was overlooked by me in my notes on the types of this family. The locality given by Fabricius and copied by Olivier (Ent. ii. 1795, no. 55, p. 7) is erroneous, a mistake that caused Castelnau and Brullé to express doubt whether the species described by them under this name from Cuba (Ann. Sci. Nat. xxii. p. 842) was identical with that of Olivier. They do not appear to have noted that the error arose with Fabricius himself. The following species, placed originally by Fabricius in the Heteromerous genus Ci%stela, belong in reality to other families. Some of them were removed from Ciséela by Fabricius himself in his later works, others have been recognised and correctly placed by later writers, but some I have not been able to trace in Gemminger and Harold’s or Junk’s Catalogues :— Family Dascillide. 1. Microcara livida. Cistela livida, Fab. Syst. Ent. 1775, p. 116. Tierra del Fuego. Atopa livida, Fab. Syst. Eleuth. ii. 1801, p. 16. Daseillus lividus, Fab., G. & H. Cat. p, 1615. Dascillus lividus, Fab., Pic in Junk’s Cat. pars 58, p. 13. 162 Fleteromera in the Banks Collection. The species is omitted from Enderlein’s list of the insects of Tierra del Fuego. A specimen obtained by Charles Darwin on the voyage of the ‘ Beagle’ agrees well with the type, and as it is in much better preservation the following notes are made upon it :— Similar to, but rather larger than, the European M. testacea, more ovate, more gradually narrowed in front and behind, the thorax being arcuately narrowed from base to apex. The third joint of the antenne is about as long as the second and considerably more slender; the first joint testaceous, the rest fuscous with apex testaceous ; underside fulvous, each abdominal segment except the last with a pair of round dark spots near the median line and a larger dark patch on each side towards the lateral margin. Length 64 mm. Microcara fuegensis, Bourg., is evidently different, being smaller (43-5 mm.), glabrous, wanting the dark spots on the ventral segments, etc. Family Silphide. 2. Choleva angustata. Cistela angustata, Fab, Spec. Ins. i. 1781, p. 148. Anglia. a This appears to be the C. sturmi, Bris., of Continental entomologists. Family Melyride. 3. Hedybius aulicus. Cistela aulica, Fab. Spec. Ins. i. 1781, p. 148. Cap. bon. Spei. 4, Hedybius hirtus. Cistela hirta, Fab. loc, cit. Cap. bon. Spei. * The types of both these species are 2 and in poor preser- vation. I am not at present able to identify either of them with any of the described species of Hedybius, or to trace the names in modern Catalogues. Family Galerucide. 5. Apophylha festiva. Cistela festiva, Fab. loc. cit. Cap. bon. Spei. Apophylia elegantula, Jac. Entom, xxiv. 1891, Suppl. p. 39. African Cichlid Fishes of the Genus Tylochromis. 163 6. Megalognatha sexlineata. Cistela 6-lineata, Fab. loc. cit. Habitat ——. Cneorane sexlineata, Fab., Gemm. & Har. Cat. Megalognatha bohemanni, Baly. 7. Diabrotica melanocephala. Cistela melanocephala, Fab. Syst. Ent. 1775, p. 118. Amer, Septeutr. Crioceris vittata, Fab. op. cit. p. 122. Carolina. Diabrotica vittata, Fab., Gemm. & Har. Cat. The identity of Cistela melanocephala with Crioceris vittata is admitted by Fabricius himself in his later works (Ent. Syst. 1. 2, 1792, p. 12), and the name Crioceris melanocephala is employed for another species (op. cit. p. 3). The type of C. vittata is said to be in Mus. Dom. Monson. XXII.—A Revision of the African Cichlid Fishes of the Genus Tylochromis. By OC. Tate Reaan, M.A., F.R.S. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) TYLOCHROMIS, Regan. Supra, p. 34. Body deep, compressed ; scales cycloid or feebly denticu- late ; two lateral lines, upper ending below soft dorsal, lower extending far forward, ending behind in three branches on caudal fin. Mouth rather small, terminal, with the lower jaw not prominent; maxillary sheathed by the deep prezorbital, slightly exposed distally ; premaxillary processes rather long, usually reaching frontals. Teeth in jaws small, conical, in two to five series, outer sometimes enlarged. Lower pha- ryngeals united by interlocking suture to form a triangular plate, with slender, pointed, uni- or bicuspid teeth at least near the posterior angles, and with enlarged, rounded, flat teeth in the middle at least posteriorly. Dorsal XITI-XVI 12-17; spines slender or moderate. Anal III 7-9 ; spines strong. Pectoral long, pointed. Caudal scaly, truncate or emarginate. Occipital crest very strong, extending to anterior margin of frontals ; parietal crests ending above middle of orbits near the orbital margin ; postorbital part of skull short and deep, with lower edge of basioccipital very oblique; pharyngeal apophysis strong, formed by parasphenoid only, ending in a broadly ovate or subtriangular articular surface, narrowed 164 Mr. C. T. Regan on the African anteriorly. Vertebras 29-32 (15-16+4+14-16); inferior apophyses of third united to form a strong median spine ; preecaudals with parapophyses from the fourth; ribs, except the first, on parapophyses. Tanganyika, Congo, and West African rivers from Gambia to Liberia. Hight species. In all the gill-rakers are short and broad, and there is a well-developed papillose pad on each side of the roof of the pharynx. The species differ considerably in the pharyngeal dentition and in the size and form of the lower pharyngeal plate. T. microdon (fig. 1, A) and 7. mylodon (fig. 1, B) are two extremes; in the former the lower pharyngeal is a compara- tively small and weak plate (depth about } maximum width), with numerous small slender bicuspid teeth and with a group of moderately enlarged, circular, blunt teeth occupying the middle and posterior third of the dentigerous area. In T. mylodon the lower pharyngeal is large and massive (depth about 4 maximum width) and is nearly covered with very strong, circular, flat teeth, small bicuspid teeth appearing only near the posterior angles. The species may be arranged according to the modifications of the pharyngeal dentition as follows :— I, Enlarged rounded teeth of lower pha- ryngeal confined to posterior third of dentigerous part of plate .......... microdon. {I. Enlarged rounded teeth of lower pha- ryngeal confined to posterior half of dentigerous part of plate .......... lateralis, jentinkt. III. Enlarged rounded teeth of lower pha- ryngeal extending forward on anterior part of plate; small slender teeth at outer edyes and near posterior angles, bangwelensis, intermedius, LV. Enlarged rounded teeth covering nearly [labrodon, polylepis. the whole plate; small slender teeth only at posterior angles .......... .. mylodon. The enumeration of the number of scales in a longitudinal series and of gill-rakers on the lower part of the anterior arch will assist the identification of the species :— 33 to 35 scales; 15 or 16 gill-rakers............ wea, Litenecrodon: 32 to 86 scales; 17 or 18 gill-rakers..............0. 2. lateralis. 40 to 45 scales; 13 to 15 gill-rakers................ 3. gentinkt, 87 or 88 scales; 14 or 15 gill-rakers................ 4, bangwelensis. 39 or 40 scales; 12 or 13 gill-rakers................ 5. intermedius. 33 or 34 scales; 18 or 19 gill-rakers ..............4. 6. labrodon. 55 to 60 scales; 12 to 15 gill-rakerg .............00. 7. polylepis. AO or 41 scales; 17 or 18 gill-rakers................ 8. mylodon. Cichlid Fishes of the Genus Tylochromis. 165 1. Tylochromis microdon, sp. n. Pelmatochromis lateralis (part.), Bouleng. Cat. Afr. Fish. iii. p. 885 (1915). Depth of body 2} to 22 in the length, length of head 3. Snout from a little longer than to nearly twice diameter of eye, which is 34 to-nearly 5 in length of head, equal to or less than interorbital width or preeorbital depth. Maxillary not extending to below eye; teeth small; 3 series of scales on cheek ; 15 or 16 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch ; lower pharyngeal teeth mostly slender, compressed, hooked ; a triangular area on the posterior third of the plate with Fig. 1. A. Lower pharyngeal of Tylochromis microdon (xX 2) from a specimen 240 mm. long. . B. Ditto of Tylochromis mylodon (xX 2) from a specimen 235 mm. long. moderately enlarged, rounded, blunt teeth. Dorsal SEV-RVI 12-15; spines rapidly increasing to fifth or sixth, which is 2 or a little more than 2 length of head, thence decreasing or subequal. Anal III 7-8; third spine strong, about $ length of head. Pectoral longer than head and reaching anal in the young, but not in the adult. Caudal scaly, truncate or slightly emarginate. Caudal peduncle longer than deep. Scales 33 to 35 in a longitudinal series, 6 between origin of dorsal and lateral line, 22 to 26 in upper lateral line, 22 to 24 in lower, 2 between lateral lines. 166 Mr. C. T. Regan on the African Olive ; scales with dark edges; dark longitudinal stripes between the series of scales; a dark bar above the oper- culum; sides of head with a dark network (adult); fins greyish ; dorsal sometimes with pale and dark spots. Fig. 2. A. Lower pharyngeal of Tylochromis lateralis (X 2) from a specimen 220 mm. long, B. Ditto of Tylochromis jentinki (x 2) from a specimen 270 mm. long. C. Ditto of T'ylochromis labrodon (x 2) from a specimen 140 mm. long. D. Ditto of Tylochromis bangwelensis (X 2) from a specimen 240 mm. long. E. Ditto of Tylochromis polylepis (x 2) from a specimen 220 mm. long. Jongo. Four specimens, 155 to 260 mm. in total length, from Lakes Tumba and Leopold II. Cichlid Fishes of the Genus Tylochromis. 167 2. Tylochromis lateralis. Pelmatochromis lateralis, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 148. Pelmatochromis lepidurus, Pellegr. Bull. Mus. Paris,-1900, p. 275. Pelmatochromis lateralis (part.), Bouleng. Cat. Afr, Fish. iii. p, 385, fig. 260 (1915). Depth of body 2 to 2} in the length, length of head 24 to 34. Diameter of eye 3 to 4 in length of head ; interorbital width 33 to 32. ‘Teeth small; maxillary not extending to below-eye; cheek with 3 or 4 series of scales ; 17 or 18 gill- rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Lower pharyngeal with enlarged rounded teeth in a triangular area, the anterior angle of which is in the middle of the length of the denti- gerous part of the plate. Dorsal XIV-XV 12-15; last spine 4 or a little less than } length of head. Anal III 7-8 ; third spine from nearly 4 to 2 length of head. Pectoral longer than head, reaching origin of anal. Caudal slightly emarginate. Caudal peduncle about as long as deep. 32 to 35 scales in a longitudinal series, 5 or 6 between first dorsal spine and lateral line, 2 between lateral lines. Olivaceous, with or without dark cross-bars; dorsal fin usually with series of dark spots. Congo. : Six specimens, including the type of the species, 110- 220 mm. in total length, from Monsembe, Bolobo, Dolo, and Stanley Falls. 3. Tylochromis jentinki. Pelmatochromis jentinki (Steind., 1894), Bouleng, Cat. Afr, Fish. iii. p. 383, fig. 259 (1915). Pharyngeal dentition as in 7’ lateralis, from which it is distinguished especially by the fewer gill-rakers (12-15), the smaller scales (40-45), and by having three series of scales instead of two between the upper lateral line and the anterior part of the lower. Dorsal XIII-XV 16-17. Anal III 8-9. Total length 290 mm. Gambia to Liberia. 4, Tylochromis bangwelensis, sp. n. ee lateralis (part.), Bouleng. Cat. Afr. Fish. iii. p. 386 Depth of body 2 to 2} in the length, length of head 3 to 34. Snout as long as postorbital part of head ; diameter of eye 4 to 44 in length of head, less than preorbital depth ; inter- orbital width 3 to 33 in length of head; maxillary not extending to below eye ; outer teeth moderately strong; three series of scales on cheek; 14 or 15 gill-rakers on lower part 168 African Cichlid Fishes of the Genus Tylochromis. of anterior arch. Lower pharyngeal with slender hooked teeth only at the outer edges and near the posterior angles ; area of large rounded teeth extending forward on anterior half of plate. Dorsal XIV 14-15 ; spines increasing in length to last, which is 4 or a little more or Jess than 4 length of head. Anal III 7-8 ; third spine from less than $ to nearly ? length of head. Pectoral longer than head, extending to above anterior part or middle of anal. Caudal truncate or slightly emarginate. Caudal peduncle longer than deep. 37*or 38 scales in a longitudinal series, 6 or 7 from first dorsal spine to lateral line, 24 to 29 in lower, 2 between lateral lines. Olivaceous ; often a dark spot on each scale ; sometimes six dark cross-bars; vertical fins with or without dark spots. Lake Bangwelu and Luapula River. Five specimens, 170 to 240 mm. in total length. 5. Tylochromis intermedius. eae ee intermedius, Bouleng. Cat. Afr. Fish. iv. p. 332, fig. 193 ( ° Pharyngeal dentition nearly as in 1’. bangwelensis, from which it is distinguished by the fewer gill-rakers (12 or 13) and the more numerous scales (39-40). Dorsal XIV 15-17. Anal III 7-9. Total length 110 mm. Sierra Leone. 6. Tylochromis labrodon, sp. n. Pelmatochromis lateralis (part.), Bouleng. Cat. Afr. Fish. iii. p. 385 (1916). Depth of body 24 in the length, length of head 2% to 3. Snout as long as or a little longer than postorbital part of head ; diameter of eye 3 to 32 in length of head, greater (young) or less than preeorbital depth; interorbital width 3 to 34 in length of head ; maxillary not extending to below eye; teeth small ; three series of scales on cheek ; 18 or 19 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch ; lower pharyngeal with slender teeth only at the outer edges and near the poste- rior angles ; area of large rounded teeth extending forward on anterior half of plate. Dorsal XV-—XVI 13 ; spines sub- equal from sixth or increasing to last, which is } or a little less than 4 length of head. Anal III 7; third spine as long as last dorsal. Pectoral about as long as head, not or barely reaching origin of anal. Caudal slightly emarginate. Caudal peduncle not longer than deep. 33 or 34 scales in a longitudinal series, 6 or 7 from first dorsal spine to lateral line, 24 to 27 in upper lateral line, 26 to 28 in lower, 2 between lateral lines. Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilidee. 169 Olivaceous ; dorsal with alternate series of pale and dark spots. Upper Congo. Three specimens, 110 to 225 mm. in total length, from New Antwerp and Stanley Pool. 7. Tylochromis polylepis. Pelmatochromis polylepis (Bouleng., 1900), Bouleng, Cat, Afr, Fish. iii. p. 382, fig. 258 (19165). Well distinguished from its congeners by its smaller scales (55-60). Pharyngeal dentition nearly as in 7. /abrodon, but teeth still larger. Total length 300 mm. Tanganyika. 8. Tylochromis mylodon, sp. n. = Gy lateralis (part.), Bouleng. Cat. Afr. Fish. iii. p. 385 915). ™ Depth of body 2 to 23 in the length, length of head 8. Diameter of eye 34 to 44 in length of head, interorbital width 34 to 33. Teeth small; maxillary not extending to below eye; three series of scales on cheek ; 17 or 18 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch ; lower pharyngeal a very strong plate, almost covered with large, rounded, blunt teeth. Dorsal XIV 14; spines subequal from fifth or sixth ; last 2 or a little less than 2 length of head. Anal III 7; third - spine 4+ or a little less than 4 length of head. Pectoral longer than head, reaching anal. Caudal peduncle longer than deep. 40 or 41 scales in a longitudinal series, 7 from first dorsal spine to lateral line, 27 to 29 in upper lateral line, 34 or 35 in lower, 2 between lateral lines. Olivaceous, with six dark cross-bars ; fins unspotted. Lake Mweru. Two specimens, 115 and 235 mm. in total length. XXIII.—Notes on the Asilide : Sub-division Asiline. By Grrtrupve Ricarpo. Promacuvus, Loew. Linn. Ent. iii. p. 390 (1848). Trupanea, Macq. Dipt. Exot. i. (2) p. 207 (1888) [preoce. Schrank, Dipt. (1803). This large genus is very largely represented in. the South African Region, and probably many more new species will Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. v. 12 170 Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilidee. be found. Eight new species are now described. The Oriental Region is also rich in specimens, five new species are now described and one from Australia wrongly placed by me under P. interponens, Wlk., in aformer paper. Many of the specimens dealt with in this genus and in Dysmachus are in the Imperial Entomological Economic Collection. Table for Species of Promachus from West Africa. 1. Abdomen with tuft-like hairs very apparent on basal segments. Legs usually blackish ...... 2. Abdomen with no such tufts. Legsreddish .. 4. 2. Hairs on the three first segments of abdomen WOUOW wine cee sa twee he ThE OEE Sete e fae robertiz, Macq. Hairs on the three first segments of abdomen WHO each oc pte oe oe ehh Ooh Bis vp aa abet 3. 3. Moustache black and white or black and yellow. Femora chiefly black. Scutellum with black bristles. s «ab be Parts uneat elk: (Asem Preece fasciatus, Fabr. 4. Genitalia of male with tuft of white hairs. Moustache yellow or white ..............-- 5. Genitalia of male with no such tuft. Moustache black“and white fi cis Pop bee tic oe ee cide ore ee 6. 5. Last segment of abdomen produced below slightly in male. Ovipositor with two acute points at apex. Scutellum with yellow hairs and bristles. sémpsoniz, sp. n. Smaller species. Last segment of abdomen pro- duced triangularly. Ovipositor with no spines. Scutellum with white hairs ................ rufescens, sp. 0. 6. Abdomen with short yellowish-white pubescence. Scutellum with yellow hairs and usually yellow Poristles ot Hts. Base se ALA eecatinate ... poetinus, W1k. The following species described from this region of Africa, not included in the table, are: P. trichozonus, Loew, in the P. fasciatus group, with yellow pubescence on the forehead ; P. mediospinosus, Speiser, in the same group with the whcle underside of thorax and abdomen bright yellowish-red haired; P. guineensis, Wied., moustache snowy white, genitalia with tuft white hairs, scutellum with white hairs and bristles—a large species, measuring 26 mm.; ? Asilus scutellatus, Macq., and Asilus albitarsatus, Macq., both of which probably belong to the genus Promachus—the latter has the style of antennz a little swollen at the end, and might therefore belong to the genus Philomachus, the former is described as having pale yellow legs and the posterior part of thorax and the scutellum testaceous red. Promachus robertii, Macq. : aaa i, (2) p. 211 (1888); Loew, Dipt. Siidafrik. i. p. 127 (1860). | Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilides. ETE The description of this species is very meagre, as follows:— Black. Head white. Abdomen with the three anterior -segments yellow-haired. Tibi externally chestnut. Wings reddish. Length, ?, 16 mm. Thorax denuded, sides with ashy-grey tomentum. Coxe, femora, and tibiz with whitish hairs below. Wings with a grey streak in the first submarginal cell. From Senegal. Females from Sierra Leone (W. G. Clements), 93, 20; Freetown, 20.ix.1899 (H. EH. Austen) ; Kumasi, Ashanti ; W. Africa, 23.v.1907 (Dr. W. M. Graham), 19 8, 245 ; Ruwe, Lualaba R., Congo Free State (Dr. Yale Massey), 1906, 98; Unyoro, 3400 feet ; Uganda, 11-15. xii. 1911 ; W. shores of Victoria Nyanza, Buddu, 3700 feet; Toro, Daro or Durro Forest, 4000-4500 feet (all S. A. Neave), 1912. 12.3; and one female from ‘lero Forest, Uganda, 4.v. 1911 (C. C. Gowdey), 1914, 7, answer on the whole to this descrip- tion, though they are larger, and the white hairs on legs are replaced by bright yellow hairs. The following description is given for identification :— A large robust species with practically black legs and bright yellow pubescence on abdomen and legs, belonging to the P. fasciatus group. Length, ?, 22-28 mm. Female.—Face blackish covered with yellow tomentum. Moustache of yellow and black hairs. Palpi with yellow and black hairs. Thorax with black pubescence and bristles. Scutellum with yellow hairs and weak black bristles. Addo- men black, with bright yellow hairs on the first three seg- ments and on the sides of the others ; ovipositor very short; underside with bright yellow hairs. Legs black, the chest- nut colour of tibisee is hardly noticeable ; coxze and femora with long bright yellow hairs; tibiz with shorter similar ones, and also with black hairs, the hind pairs with black hairs only ; the middle femora are incrassate, armed with a bunch of numerous black bristles, the fore pair with only a few black hairs, the hind pair with short black bristles. Wings streaked with brown. Promachus fasciatus, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 793 (Astlus} (1775); see Kertesz, Cat. for further references. Promachus equalis, Loew, Dipt. Stidafrik. i. p. 127, pl. i. fig. 50 (1860). 12* 172. Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilides. Promachus floccosus, Kirby, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 273 (1884) ; Hutton, Trans. New Zeal. Inst. xxxiii. p. 21, nota (1901) ; Ricardo, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xi. p. 413 (1913). Kirby’s type, a male, is identical with this species, as pointed out by Hudson there was a mistake in the locality, there being no such place as Opabo, New Zealand, which is on the label—he believed it came from Opobo, W. Africa. This well-known species is widely distributed, specimens in Brit. Mus. Coll. being from Sierra Leone, Senegal, Uganda Protectorate, Nyasalaid, Natal, Ashanti, British E. Africa, and 8. Africa. In the I. E. E. Coll. are long series of specimens from Nyasaland. All of these have the moustache varying from black and white to almost wholly yellow, but none entirely black. A small male from Sierra Leone has the femora and tibie chiefly reddish yellow, also a large female from S8.E. Katunga, but the femora are chiefly black. Promachus simpsoni, sp. n. Type (male) and type (female) from Yapi, Gold Coast, N. Territories, Nov. 1915 (J. J. Simpson), and a long series of males and females, all in I. E. E. Coll., males and females from N. Nigeria (J. J. Simpson), 1912, 460, in Brit. Mus. Coll. A species nearly allied to Promachus poetinus, W1k., with redder legs, but at once distinguished in the male by the presence of a white tuft of hairs above the genitalia and the last segment of abdomen is somewhat produced below. In the female the ovipositor is shorter and has two spines at its apex. The legs are almost entirely reddish, with a mere vestige of a black stripe on femora. Moustache and beard yellow. Length, ¢ 19-23, 2? 17-25 mm. Male.—Face covered with whitish tomentum. Moustache composed of yellow hairs reaching the antenne. Beard same colour. Palpi with yellow hairs. Antenne, blackish, the first two joints with yellow hairs and a few longer black ones. Forehead with black hairs, Hind head with yellow hairs extending round head and some short black bristles on each side of the occiput. Thorax brownish with yellowish tomeutum and some long yellow hairs on its anterior border, pubescence of short black hairs ; presutural, supra- alar, and postalar bristles all black usually and severally two in number, some yellow hairs on the posterior part among the dorsal black bristles. Scutellum with yellow hairs and Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilide. 173 long strong yellow bristles forming a doublerow. Abdomen with the usual dark spots and yellow bristly hairs on the posterior borders of segments and on the first segment ; hairs on the spots black, at sides yellow. Genitalia black, slender, club-shaped, the under lamelle small but nearly half the length of the upper ones, the underside of the last segment produced somewhat and fringed with short black and yellow hairs. Pubescence on genitalia black, with a tuft of white hairs above. Legs xanthine-orange, with short white or yellow pubescence and black bristles; the black colour is confined almost wholly to the apices of femora and tibiz, but the tarsi are wholly black, fore and middle coxee each armed with one black bristle. Wings clear with reddish-yellow veins. Female identical, but the pubescence on the black abdo- minal spots is yellow. Ovipositor about the length of the last segment. Promachus rufescens, sp. 0. Type (male) from Sierra Leone, 58-166, and another male. Type (female) from Moyamba, Sierra Leone, Feb. 26 (G. C. Dudgeon), 1906, 67. This species might possibly be identical with Asilus scutellatus, Macq., described from Senegal. A small blackish species with reddish-yellow legs, reddish thorax, and scu- tellum covered with greyish-yellow tomentum. Genitalia with a very small tuft of white hairs. Hensth,. 4 to, 9 V7‘mm: Male.—Face covered with glistening yellow tomentum. Moustache of scanty yellowish hairs. Palpi black with yellow bristles. Beard white. Antenne black. Forehead with black hairs. Hind part of head with black bristles, some yellow ones intermixed. Thorax brownish with darker stripes; shoulders, sides, and posterior part of dorsum reddish, covered with yellowish tomentum ; pubescence black, some yellow hairs at sides ; bristles black. Scutellum reddish with yellowish tomentum, and covered with fairly numerous long whitish hairs, one or two black bristles present. Abdomen reddish, with whitish-yellow tomentum and the usual large black spot on each segment ; pubescence black, whitish on the light parts; underside paler, with white hairs. Legs reddish yellow, the femora with a black stripe above and darker altogether ; pubescence on legs white, thick ; bristles black, with yellow ones intermixed on 174 Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilide. the tibize, under side of femora, and on tarsi. Genitalia black, testaceous below ; pubescence white, the last segment below produced to a large triangular piece wholly reddish with black hairs; the upper lamelle long, club-shaped. Wings clear, with yellowish veins. Female identical. Ovipositor long, composed of the last three segments, black. Promachus poetinus, W\k. List Dipt. ii. p. 8390 [-Astlus] (1849); et vii., Suppl. 3, p. 597 [ Trupanea | (1855); Loew, Dipt. Siidafrik. i. p. 127 (1860). Type (male) from Sierra Leone. A female from Sierra Leone, presented by Rey. D. E. Morgan. A series of males and females from Bokani and from Boto, N. Nigeria (J. J. Simpson), 1912, 460, in Brit. Mus. Coll. A series of males and females from Yapi, Gold Coast Territories, Nov. 1916 (J. J. Simpson). One female from Cotonon in Dahomey, 70 miles west of Lagos (W. A. Lam- borne), 31. v. 1914. A species very similar to P. flavopilosus, sp. n., from Uganda, but the pubescence on legs and abdomen is not so thick or so bright-coloured. Scutel/um has sometimes black bristles besides the yellow hairs. Moustache whitish and black. Length, g 19-25, ? 23-25 mm. Male.—Face with yellowish tomentum, the moustache composed of black bristles intermixed with fine white hairs, which are also present between the moustache and the base of the antenne. Palpi with whitish-yellow hairs. Antenne deep black, the first two joints with black hairs ; the arista one and a half times as long as the third joint. Forehead with black bristly hairs. Hind part of head with white hairs, and four more short black bristles on each side. Thorax with white hairs anteriorly and on the breast-sides, elsewhere with black pubescence ; presutural bristles three, supra-alar three, one being a weak bristle, post-alar two, some of these bristles are often yellow. Scutellum with many yellow hairs, those on the outer border more bristly, in the type no black ones are present. Abdomen with short yellowish pubescence and rather longer hairs at sides ; underside with soft yellowish hairs. Genitalia black, shining, long, and club-shaped; the under lamelle also long, more than half as long as the upper ones, all with scanty yellow pubescence. Legs xanthine-orange, the fore and middle Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilide. 175 femora with black stripes ; the hind pair only black at their apices ; fore tibi# black below on the apical half and wholly -at apex, the others black at apices, tarsi black; pubescence yellowish, short on femora, some long white hairs on the tibie, a fringe of yellow appressed hairs on the hind tibie, bristles chiefly black. Wings clear, with yellowish veins. Female identical. Moustache more yellow than white with a few black bristles. Scutellum in some specimens with two or more black bristles. Ovipositor with the under lamellz joined below to the upper triangular pair. Table of Promachus Species from South Africa, including the Transvaal, 1. Legs black, with white hairs. Scutellum with whitish hairs and bristles.......... scalaris, Loew. Legs reddish ; femora usually with a black UCI eB 5 2.4 2b) of aura fod Ba Een Maer 2 2. 2, Antennze wholly blackish................ 3. Antenne with the second joint yellow orred. 4. 3. Legs with usually a short black stripe on under side of femora. Genitalia small. Moustache black in male, black and yellow Ee AISNE rere A hsts OP aes: isd Sa ees weer amastrus, W1k. Legs with the black stripe on upper side of femora. Genitalia large. Moustache POON ttc s tah fe Baca Ween hey a1 2 ole albicinctus, Ricardo. 4, Small species. Legs reddish ............ venerabilis, W1k. Large species. Legs reddish. Femora with a blaek stripe below .o. oie. ccc cs enees'e dorso, W1k. Other species from this part of Africa are P. fasciatus, a widely distributed species, P. caffer, Macq., a variety pre- sumably of the former, with yellow or white bristles on the legs and the moustache yellow, described from Kaffraria, and P. vagator, Wied., from S. Africa and Somaliland, with red-yellow tibiz and long white hairs on the scutellum, said by Wiedemann to have the third joint thickened at the top, but Schiner declares it to be a true Promachus species. Promachas scalaris, Loew. Ofvers. Kongl. Vet.-Akad. Férhandl. xiv. 1857, p. 359 (1858) ; et Dipt. Siidafrik. i. p. 180 (1860). Males and females from Karonga, Brit. E. Africa, 7. vii. 1910 (7. A. Neave), in the Brit. Mus. Coll. A male and female from junction Crocodile and Marico Rivers, Transvaal, in the Cape Museum Coll. In spite of Loew’s type being described as from Kaffraria, 176 Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilide. these specimens appear to be identical with his species, auswering in every detail to his description, with the exception of size, Loew giving the length as 20-204 mm.— these measure from 24-25 mm. It is a robust species distinguished by the wholly black legs with white pubescence and hairs and some white bristles. Scutellum with yellowish or whitish hairs and bristly hairs. Palpi white-haired. The genitalia at once distinguish the male, the upper forceps being large and curved to meet each other at their apices, leaving a space between, in which appears the middle organ, a slender piece with a large short spine near its base below; the forceps are bifid, the lower tooth being sharp and spine-like, the upper one large and obtuse. Promachus amastrus, W\k. List Dipt. ii. p. 394 [Aszlus] (1849) ; et vii., Suppl. 3, p. 599 [ Trupanea] (1855). Promachus scilurus, Wik. List Dipt. ii. p. 895 [-Aszlus] (1849). ? Promachas edithus, Wik. List Dipt. ii. p. 429 [Asilus] (1849). Promachus capreolus, Loew, Ofvers. Kongl. Vet.-Akad, Forhandl. xiv. 1857, p. 860 (1858); et Dipt. Siidafrik. i. p. 333 (1860). Promachus bicolor, Ricardo, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) vi. p.178(1900). Promachus solus, Adams, Kansas Univ. Sci. Bull. iii, p. 153 (1905). Types (male and male) from 8. Africa (Dr. Smith). Type (female) of P. scilurus from 8. Africa. Types (male and female) of P. edithus from S. Africa (Dr. Smith). Type (female) of P. bicolor from Pretoria. Males and females from junction Blaaw Krantz and Tugela Rivers, Natal, Oct. 1896 (G. A. K. Marshall). Two females in the Durban Coll. from Salisbury. Males and females from Natal, Cape Colony, and Orange Free State in Cape Museum Coll. The type of P. scilurus is in very bad condition, but appears identical with P. amastrus, as does P. edithus, but owing to their condition it is impossible to be certain. The specimen I named P. bicolor appears the same, evidently the wholly red legs with no black stripes being an exception to the general rule. Adams’s species, P. solus, described from one female, ‘measures 15 mm., and appears from the description to be identical with Walker’s type. A species larger than P. venerabilis, W1k., the second joint of antenne is not yellow. Genitalia almost identical. Occiput with usually shért yellow bristles, but sometimes Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilidee. hits these are wholly or partly black. Scwtellum with usually black bristles (some yellow ones are present in some speci- mens) and with white hairs. Legs reddish, usually with a short black stripe on under side of femora, apices of femora and tibiz sometimes black ; the tarsi appear darker, being dark at the joints. Moustache with yellow and black bristles. Length, g¢ 16-18, 2 18-23 mm. Promachus albicinctus, Ricardo. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) vi. p. 173 (1900). Type (male) and type (female) from Pretoria (W. L. Distant). Two females from Pretoria (Distant). One male from Pretoria, 28.x. 1913 (H. K. Munro), 1904, 263. One female from Transvaal, Sept., Nov. 1896 (Young), 97, 166. Male and female from Zululand in Cape Museum Coll. Distinguished from P. venerabilis, Wlk., by the black antenne, from P. amastrus, W\k., by the black stripe on the upper side of femora, it is very similar in general appearance to this last species. Promachus fulvipes, Macq. Dipt. Exot. i. (2) p. 209 [ Trupanea] (1838) ; Loew, Dipt. Siidafrik, p. 132 (1860). Promachus venerabilis, Wik. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. n, ser. iv. p. 129 [ Trupanea] (1857). From Loew’s detailed description there is little doubt that Walker’s species is the same as Macquart’s species, which is recorded from South and HK. Africa. Walker’s type, a male, came from Port Natal. Males from Estcourt, Natal, Sept. and Oct. 1896 (G. A. K. Marshall), 1903, 17, and one female. A male from Piet Retief, Transvaal, 30.x.1903 (R. Crawshay), 19038, 850. One male and one female from Estcourt. One female from Krantzkopf, Natal. One male from Mt. Fongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones), in Cape Museum Coll. A small neat species near P. amastrus, Wlk., but smaller ; the black bristles on the scutellum are mixed with white hairs and have occasionally some white bristles. Legs more wholly reddish and tarsi reddish, the hairs on the abdomen, more especially in the male, are black, not white on the black part. The second joint of antenne is yellowish. Length 9-15 mm., 17 mm. is given by Loew. 178 Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilide. The hairs below the antenne are white, not black as Loew says, and the hairs on the abdomen are chiefly white, not black. Promachus dorso, W\k. List Dipt. ii. p. 397 [-Aszlus] (1849) ; et yii., Suppl. 3, p.599[Trupanea] (1855). ? Astlus rubripes, Macq. Hist. Nat. Dipt. i. p. 310 (1834). Type (female) from S. Africa (Dr. Smith), 44, 6. Type (female) in very bad condition, appears to be a species not described by any other author except Macquart, who described Asilus rubripes, but states it has three submarginal - cells, so that it is probably a Promachus species, and the description such as it is suits this Walker type, which is rather large, 25 mm., with almost wholly red legs; the femora alone have a dark stripe below, and short white pubescence on the legs. Moustache on the reddish face is composed of reddish bristles with some black ones inter- mixed. Palpi with reddish-yellow hairs and some black ones at the apex. Antenne blackish, but the first two joints chiefly reddish with yellow hairs on underside and black ones on upper side. Forehead with yellow pubescence. Hind part of head with short stout reddish-yellow bristles. Thorax with black bristles and reddish-yellow hairs on posterior border. Scutellum with a double row of reddish bristles and some yellow hairs, also four or five black bristles. Abdomen with the usual spots and short yellow pubescence. Ovipositor short. Wings clear, with reddish-yellow veins. Macquart gives the size of his species as 22 mm. Table of Promachus Species from Central and East Africa. 1, Abdomen with tuft-like hairs, very apparent on the basal segments. .......0e cee eeeee 2. Abdomen with no such tufts ............ 3. 2. Nearly allied to P. fasciatus, F. Bristles on scutellum chiefly yellow .........+.. zanthotrichus, Bezzi. 8. Legs blackish, only the tibiz yellowish externally trite tele oe. see eiaat ble 4, 4, Pubescence on legs and the moustache yel- low. Scutellum with black bristles and Vellow Waits 2a) ctor owe ae Ce ee ee ee obscurtpes, sp. 0. 5. Legs reddish or yellow; femora sometimes with a black stripe. 5). c)20 24 ae bw eles 6. 6. Antenne usually partly red..........0005 ‘@ Antenne wholly blackish..............-- ag; . Genitalia with tuft of white hairs. Last segment of abdomen produced below in the MAIO wees Gh’ Fok ues wie keith he 8. “I Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilide. 179 Genitalia with no such tuft ........... ody FO 8. Ovipositor of female long ......... eeaers : 9. Ovipositor of female short .............. EY, 9. Genitalia rather large ; forceps club-shaped. Ovipositor composed of the last three seg- TOONS < ov aan eee ee eee Sif cid we Jlavibarbis, Adams. Genitalia slender; the forceps nearly bifid. Ovipositor composed of the last two seg- MONS) Lh. 30d Te Ale ee teh ee tees at ugandiensis, sp. 1. 10, Smaller than P. negligens, Adams. Geni- Hele, VORB BE he aie aaj ck agitaciak ste orem eters bit ater s abdominalis, sp. n. 11. Genitalia with a tuft of white hairs ...... 12. Genitalia with no such tuft .............. 16. 12. Very large species. Moustache yellow and black. Scutellum with a double row of black bristles and with white hairs. ee od es Cia ae ala 6, ayes aus aa wren a oa negligens, Adams. Genitalia of male long. Moustache yellow and black. Scutellum with black bristles and some white hairs. Legs blackish, only the tibizs dull red 3.2... 60d .50s sokotre, Ricardo. Genitalia of male short, with black tuft- hairs below. Moustache silky yellowish white. Scutellum with black and yellow MPARGIEHe manta hors oe PCE Rn EEA Gee vs os breviventris, sp. n. Last segment of abdomen produced below. Moustache yellow and black. Scutellum with yellow bristles outside and black ones inside ..... deee td Sapa i Gaia wae binucleatus, Bezzi. Genitalia slender. Wings short. Mous- tache snowy white. Scutellum with yel- HOW EINES pow oiotaw kee atts bs ad Lod 28s, brevipennis, sp. Nn. 13. Species with snowy-white moustache and white bristles at vertex. Scutellum with white and black bristles........... Wane cry Lae 14, Femora reddish with a black stripe ...... rectangularis, Loew. Wortords Dlaehishis:s3)) oils /td aerate tis 01s) add lant rueppelliz, Loew. 15, Bright yellow-haired species. Moustache yellowish. Scutellum yellow - haired. Legs bright reddish yellow, with black Btrepe an Temorn ia ere Jlavopilosus, sp. 1. The other described species from this region are P. ponti- fex, P. rex, P. enucleatus, Karsch, very large species with blackish legs, the tibize yellow-brown, also P. bottegri, 3, Corti, with only the anterior tibiz testaceous, P. argyropus, Bezzi, a black white-haired species with the first posterior cell closed and stalked, P. chalcops, Speiser, with brown- yellow legs which have thick yellow pubescence, P. rapax, Gerst., very insufficiently described, the femora and tibize blood-red, white-haired, all from H. Africa; also P. gossy- ptatus, Speiser, in the fasciatus group near P. xanthotrichus, Bezzi, with black bristles on the scutellum and legs, mous- tache chlefly yellow; P. apicalis, Adams, from Rhodesia, 180 | Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilidee. with black legs and a blackish abdomen, uniformly greyish- yellow pollinose. Promachus xanthotrichus, Bezzi. Ann. Soe. Ent. Belg. lii. p. 378 (1908). This appears to be only a variety of P. fasciatus, Fabr., the only difference being that all the bristles on the seu- tellum are yellow, not black. There are series of specimens with this from Nyasaland in the I. E.E. Coll. and in the Brit. Mus. Coll., one female from Portuguese Congo, two females from Mashonaland, and one male from E. Ruwenzori, but in some specimens a few black bristles appear. | Bezzi described one male from the Falls of Semlia River, Ngami, Congo. Promachus obscuripes, sp. n. Type (male). Type (female) im coitu, from Mt. Mlanje, Nyasaland, 27. xii. 1912 (S. A. Neave), I. E. E. Coll., and a series of males and females from the same locality. A species recognized by its wholly black legs, with yellowish short pubescence, by the yellow moustache, and by the yellow hairs and black bristles on the scutellum. Length, ¢ 16-19, ¢ 17-19 mm. Male.—Face blackish with yellow-grey tomentum at sides. Moustache composed of long yellow bristly hairs. Pali with yellow and black hairs. Beard yellowish. Antenne blackish, the first two joints with yellow hairs. Forehead with black hairs. Hind part of head with yellow hairs and a few strong short black bristles on each side. Thorax with well-marked blackish stripes and greyish-yellow tomen- tum, the presutural bristles two in number, as are the supra- alar oves, but the post-alar are three in number, all black ; dorsum with weak black hairs and a few pale yellow ones interspersed. Scutellum with long yellow hairs and black bristles on its posterior border and on dorsum. Abdomen with the usual large black spots bordered by greyish tomen- tum ; weak yellow bristles are present on the sides of seg- ments and yellow hairs ; on dorsum the pubescence is short and yellow, longer on the first segment. Genitalia very large and stout; upper forceps swollen, club-shaped, the lower pair large, produced at the base, and ending in an obtuse point ; the lower plates black, shining, all with black pubescence. Legs blackish, the tibize on their outer sides Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilidee. 181 pale yellowish ; the femora and tibiz with yellow pubescence, thickest and brightest in colour on the fore legs, lower side of tibize with black short hairs ; middle and hind femora armed with black bristles, those on the tibice and tarsi strong and numerous. Wings clear, with grey streaks on apex on fore border. Female identical. Ovipositor short. Prumachus adamsti, Ricardo. Promachus flanbarbis, Adams, Kansas Uniy. Sci. Bull. iii. p, 152 (1805), nomen bis lectum, Females from Kabulumiro, Uganda, 1909 (Col. Sir D. Bruce, A.M.S.), 1909, 83; Bululu, Uganda, 6.i1.1911 (C. C. Gowdey), 1914, 7; Nyasaland, Nov. 1892 (H. H. John- ston), 94, 12; Uchweni Forest near Witu, British E. Africa, 25-27. 1. 1912 (S. A. Neave), 1912, 193; three females from Valley of Kafu River, Unyoro, 3400 feet, 23-28. xii. 1911 (S. A. Neave), 1912, 193, all in Brit. Mus. Coll. Males and females in coitu, from Uchweni Forest near Witu, 25-27. xi. 1912 (S. A. Neave), in I. E. BE. Coll. These species answer in every particular to Adams’s description. He described one female from near Fort Salisbury, Rhodesia, and gives the length as 27 mm. The two black bristles on the scutedlum are only present in one or two of the above specimens. Ovipositor of female long, composed of three segments. Genitalia of male black, shining, the forceps large, club-shaped, ending in broad flattened apices, with no projections or teeth; the lower lamellz short and small, the border of the under part of last segment produced with yellow and black hairs ; pubes- cence on genitalia black, with tufts of white hairs above. Length, ¢ 21-23, ? 25-27 mm. Promachus ugandiensis, sp. 0. Type (male) from Semliki Plains near south shore of Lake Albert, 2200 feet ; Uganda (S. A. Neave), 1912, 193. Type (female) from Kotakota, Nyasaland (Dr. J. S. Old), 191], 221. A male from 150-200 miles west of Kambove, 3500-4500 feet; Uganda (S. A. Neave), 1907, 230; amale from Blantyre, Nyasaland (Dr. J. S. Old), 1912, 401, and a female. A species with a yellowish moustache and black bristles on the scutellum, the first two joints of the antennz reddish. 182 Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilidee. Genitalia slender, reddish below. Ovipositor of female long. Length, § 21-22, 9 22-25 mm. Male.—Face yellowish, covered with silvery-white tomen- tum. Moustache of yellow hairs, reaching the antenne. Palpi with yellow hairs. Antenne with a short third joint and long arista, the first two reddish joints with chiefly white hairs. Forehead with black hairs at sides and a very few yellow ones. Hind part of head with chiefly stout yellow bristles. Thorax brownish red, with grey tomentum and black pubescence and bristles, some white hairs at sides and posteriorly. Scutellum reddish, with grey tomentum, chiefly black bristles, and white hairs. Abdomen with short yellow pubescence, some black hairs intermixed on the black spots. Genitalia very similar to those of P. brevipennis, sp. n., but the under lamelle are testaceous, short, and stout ; the under side of the last segment is reddish and produced to a triangle and covered with short white hairs, the testaceous part with white hairs, the upper forceps with chiefly black hairs, the tuft of white hairs is represented by only a few white hairs, the upper forceps are almost bifid at apices ; in one male the hairs on triangular produced segment are largely black. Legs reddish yellow, the femora with a black stripe; pubescence thick, white; bristles black. Wings clear, not very long. Female identical. Ovipositor includes the seventh and eighth segments, and is about as long as the last two seg- ments together. Promachus abdominalis, sp. u. Type (male) from Mt. Mlanje, Nyasaland, 7. xii. 1912, and other males (S. A. Neave). Type (female) from Uchweni Forest, near Witu, 25-27. xi. 1912 (S. A. Neave), and males all in I. E. E. Coll. One female from Chiromo, Nyasaland, Ruo River (R. C. Wood) (1916). Three males and two females from 150-200 miles west of Kambove, 3500-4500 feet (S. A. Neave), 1907, 230. A species nearly allied to P. negligens, Adams, but some- what smaller, and the genitalia in male are quite different, being longer and more slender and with no white tuft above. In the female the much longer ovipositor will distinguish it at once. : Length, ¢ 28, 2? 24 mm. Male.—Face honey-yellow with some grey tomentum. Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilide. 183 Moustache of yellow stiff bristles, three black bristles near oral aperture. Palpi with black and yellow bristly hairs, often with only white or yellow hairs and no black ones at apex. Antenne dull reddish, the first two joints with white pubescence, the third joint short, the arista more than double its length. Forehead with first yellow, then black hairs. Hind part of head with short stout black bristles intermixed with white hairs. Thorax reddish brown with grey tomentum and chiefly black pubescence; bristles posteriorly very stout, with long black hairs between. Scu- tellum covered with greyish-yellow tomentum and with stout black bristles on its posterior border, and others on dorsum, and with sparse short white pubescence. Abdomen with the usual black spots and grey bands, on which last are short white bristly hairs, and longer white bristles at sides ; pubescence on the spots black and at sides. Genitalia blue- black, shining, the upper forceps long and stout, club-shaped, the lower lamellee very short, in one specimen coloured red, with loug black hairs below and chiefly yellowish ones above; the underside of the last segment not fringed with black hairs nor produced as in P. negligens. Legs dull red, but the femora blackish below and often partly so above, tarsi blackish; legs with short white pubescence, most noticeable on the tibiz and tarsi. Wings large, clear, with reddish-yellow veins. Female identical. Ovipositor long, composed of the sixth, seventh, and eighth segments. Promachus negligens, Adams. Kansas Univ. Sci. Bull. iii. p. 154 (1905). The type was described as from near Fort Salisbury, Rhodesia. Males and females from Mt. Mlanje, Nyasaland (S. 4. Neave), in I. E. E. Coll. Males and females from west of Kambove, 3500-4000 feet (S. A. Neave), 1907, 230; also from Kasama District, N.E. Rhodesia, Oct. 1904 (R. L. Harger), 1905, 79, in Brit. Mus. Coll. A very large black species with grey bands on the abdo- men. Scutellum with black bristles and white hairs. Legs dull red, apices of femora and tibize blackish. Moustache yellow, with some black bristles above. Length given by Adams as 26-31 mm., but some of these measure as much as 35 mm, 184 Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilide. In some specimens there are vestiges of a black stripe on the femora. This species is distinguished from P. flavibarbis, now P. adamsii, by its larger size and entirely black antenne, in the latter species the first two joints are reddish and the ovipositor of the female is longer, composed of the three last segments of abdomen. Promachus sokotre, Ricardo, in Forbes, The Nat. Hist. of Sokotra, p. 362, pl. xxi. figs. 7, 7a, 9, 9a (1903). Types (male and female) and others from Adho, Diemellus, and Gochal Valley, Sokotra (W. R. O.-Grant). Distinguished from P. negligens at once by the long genitalia in the males, the upper forceps long, cylindrical, bordered with black short hairs and at apex with long fringe-like black hairs, the white tuft above is very apparent. Ovipositor of female not very long, composed of the seventh and eighth segments of abdomen, which has the usual black spots and grey tomentose bands. Scutellum with many stout black bristles. Moustache with black and yellow bristles. Legs blackish, the tibiz dull testaceous. Length, ¢ 28, 2? 33 mm. Promachus breviventris, sp. n. Type (male) and type (female) from the west slope of Kenya on Meru—Nyeri Road, 6000-8500 feet, Brit. EH. Africa (S. A. Neave), 1911, 177; and other males and females from same locality. A species allied to Promachus binucleatus, Bezzi, in the genitalia of male which have a very thick compact tuft of black hairs below; the genitalia are very short, with white hairs above. ‘lhe ovipositor in female includes the seventh and eighth segments and is fairly long. Legs reddish with white pubescence and black stripes on the femora. Mous- tache white. Length, ¢ 17-18, 2? 20-22 mm. Male.—Face chamois-colour with yellowish tomentum. Moustache composed of silky yellowish-white hairs, rather thick, and white shorter hairs are continued to the antenna, which have the third joint wanting, the first two joints with some white hairs below and black hairs on upper and lower sides. Palpi with white hairs. Forehead with bristly white hairs, fairly numerous. Hind part of head with stout white bristles, becoming white hairs round the head. Thorax Mr. O. Thomas— Notes on Babirussa. 185 chestnut-brown or blackish with the usual stripes and grey tomentum; pubescence black, rather thick, with a bunch of white hairs above the base of wings; bristles black. Scutellum with white hairs on its anterior border and black aud yellow bristles beyond, the latter predominating—the black bristles always on dorsum, not on border. Abdomen with the usual black spots ; pubescence chiefly yellow, some black on the posterior segments ; underside with whitish hairs, the border of the last segment does not appear to be produced, but is bordered by the very thick coarse black hairs forming a thick tuft on each side, coalescing in the middle. Genitalia extremely short and small, black and shining, with black pubescence; the upper forceps stout, the white hairs above are thick and extend to the apices of forceps. Legs dull brick-red, the femora with black stripes above, the legs with thick white pubescence and many white bristles on the tibiee. Wings clear, with reddish- yellow veins. Female identical. Ovipositor with some whitish pubes- cence, nearly as long as the last two segments together. [To be continued. ] XXIV.—Some Notes on Babirussa. By OLpFIELD THOMAS. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) Tue British Museum owes to the generosity of Mr. Wilfred Frost a fine series of male skulls, eleven in number, of Babi- russas collected by him in the island of Tali Aboe, in the Sula group, east .of Celebes—a locality where they had been reported to exist, but from which, so far as I am aware, no specimens had been brought to any European Museum. In working these out and comparing them with the Babirussas of Buru and Celebes a certain number of interesting points have turned up, which may be worth publication. Firstly, as regards the spelling of the names of the genus and type-species, these are quite correctly put by Lydekker * Babirussa babyrussa, none of the other variants of the two names being technically admissible. This being the case, it * Cat. Ung. B. M. iv. p. 845 (1915). Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. v. a ee 186 Mr. O. Thomas— Notes on Babirussa. is probably also more convenient to spell the vernacular name with a double s. The typical species Sus babyrussa, Linn., was largely based on two figures of skulls, one by Grew and the other by Seba, so that the skulls depicted would have been co-types of the species. Of these two skulls, one—that figured by Seba—is still in existence (B.M. no. 67. 4. 12. 223), and may with propriety be formally selected as a lectotype. It was stated by Seba to have come from Buru, an assertion quite borne out by its characters. The differences between the Buru and Celebes forms have been well pointed out by Deninger *, who shows how, by the more inward-pointing direction of the upper canines in the Babirussa of Celebes the nasals are pinched in mesially and other characteristics are produced by which that animal can generally be distinguished. ‘lhe canines themselves are very much finer, and I may further note that well-marked basial pits appear always to be present in this species, while the bullze in section are of the narrow-oval shape found in the Tali Aboe skulls. Deninger named the Celebean form celebensis, although stating that the description by Lesson of #&. alfurus applied to that animal, and not to the Buru one. With some hesita- tion I am prepared to accept bis view that none the less alfurus should be considered a synonym of babyrussa, on thie ground that Lesson was distinctly giving a new specific name —as was necessary under the code of that day—to Sus baby- yussd, Whose specific name he was using as a generic one. Lesson’s book contained descriptions of all mammals known to him, and the accident that his description of some Babi- russas seen in Java is thought by Deninger to apply best to celebensis does not, I think, alter the fact that Lesson was distinctly renaming Linné’s Sus babyrussa, of which, there- fore, alfurus would be a synonym. Now, with regard to the Tali Aboe Babirussas, I find that, so far as the canines and nasals are concerned, they are emphatically of the Buru or B. babyrussa type, without any tendency towards the characteristics of the Celebes DB. ecle- bensis. But there are certain differences which, being found in so fine a series as eleven ‘l’ali Aboe skulls, as compared with the actual type of B. babyrussa, appear to indicate that they should be subspecifically separated from the latter. I would suggest for the animal, in honour of the naturalist to whom we owe its discovery, the name of * Ber. Nat. Ges. Freiburg, xviii. p. 1 (1911). Mr. O. Thomas— Notes on Babirussa. 187 Babirussa bubyrussa frosti, subsp. n. Size slightly smaller than in babyrussa. Upper canines as in the latter, not bent in, crossing each other or compressing the nasals, as is the case in B, celebensis. But they are con- spicuously smaller and shorter than in babyrussa, and do not rise nearly so high above the muzzle as in that animal. Basial pits almost always absent, only occurring (an | these shallow) in two out of eleven skulls. Bullee small, nariow, flattened from side to side, their breadth much less than their horizontal diameter, in marked contrast to the broad sub- triangular bulle of typical babyrussa; the crest lewling upwards from their outer corners behind the glenoid fosse well developed, much higher than that on the outer side of the base of the paroccipital process, this proportion being reversed in babyrussa. Paroccipital process more slender. Dimensions of the type-skull :— Length, nasal tip fo occiput, 274 mm.; condylo-basal length 268; zygomatic breadth 124; nasals, length 131, anterior breadth 22, mesial breadth 15, posterior breadth 31 ; occipital breadth 73; palatal length 178; bulle, horizontal length 25, breadth 13. Length of canine along front curve 141, greatest length above nasals 45; greatest basal diameter 13. Front of p* to back of m® 68; m’*, length 22, breadth 15. Length of lower canine 77. Length of lower tooth-row 74. The older skulls may attain to 284 mm, in condylo-basal length, flab. Tali Aboe Island, east of Celebes. Type. Adult (but not old) male skull. B.M. no, 19.11.23.1. Presented to the National Collection by Wilfred Frost, Esq. Kleven skulls examined, In the above various points there is such a strong average difference between the Babirussa of Buru and the form found in Tali Aboe that I think the latter should certainly bear a varietal name, even though some of the points may prove to be rather “ average” than absolute characteristics. Six of the skulls (including the type) were obtained by Mr. Frost on the comparatively high middle third of Tali Aboe, while the other five came from the lowlands of the eastern third. The latter skulls—of which three at least are fully adult—are rather smaller than the former, but the difference does not amount to much, and is, perhaps, due to a shortage of the food available in competition with the native pigs of the lowlands. . ips 188 Mr. >. Thomas on Of the external characters of B. 6b. frostt I am able to say nothing. | . It will thus be seen that the Museum is indebted to Mr. Frost for a donation of very great scientific value, as series of such skulls are very rarely obtained, and this one represents both a verification of the Tali Aboe locality and the discovery of a new subspecies. With regard to references that have been made to “ domesti- cated or semi-domesticated ’’ Babirussas, Mr. Frost states that, at least in Buru and Tali Aboe, these animals are never domesticated, as they will not live in harmony with the native pigs, which are ubiquitous. He also says that the reason it is so difficult to obtain females is that the boars put up such a plucky fight against the dogs used in hunting that it is impossible to get at the sows until such time as the male has been killed, thus enabling the females to get safely away. As a result, very few museums possess female specimens, and our own collection ouly contains one single immature skull of that sex. XXV.—A Further Collection of Mammals from Jujuy. By OLpFIELD THOMAS. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) DurinG the winter of 1919—April to August—Sr. E. Budin made collections of mammals on the lower grounds of Jujuy, firstly in the near neighbourhood of the town of Jujuy, at an altitude of rather more than 1200 metres, and then on the still lower levels to the east, where the Rio Lavallen, lower down (northwards) called the Rio San Francisco, forms part of the upper waters of the Vermejo system. On this river the place where Sr. Budin collected was Villa Carolina, some 20 kilometres to the east of San Pedro de Jujuy, and there- fore in the same faunal district as Manoel Hlordi and Tar- tagal, where he had previously found such interesting things. A few additional specimens were obtained at Yuto, about 70 km. north of Villa Carolina. The present collection adds considerably to our knowledge of the Jujuy fauna, and contains examples of four new forms, of which the most noticeable is a Marmosa of a more northern type than any previously recorded from Argentina. Mammals from Jujuy. 189 1. Eptesicus hilatrei, Geoff. 3. Yuto, Rio San Francisco (in spirit). Forearm 44 mm. 2. Myotis nigricans, Wied. 3. Yuto, Rio San Francisco (in spirit). Forearm 33 mm. 3. Molossops temminckii, Burm. 3. Yuto, Rio San Francisco (in spirit). Forearm 30 mm. This bat is the type of the genus Molossops, as selected and fixed by Miller *. But it appears to me that the other species hitherto in- cluded in Molossops ought to be generically distinguished from it. For while in that genus, as represented by tem- minckit, there are only two lower incisors, m* is compara- tively normal, of triangular shape, with a well-marked third commissure, and m3, in correlation, has a normal triangular posterior lobe, with two cusps, the other species all differ in these respects. JI would therefore suggest they should be distinguished under the following name :— CYNOMOPS, gen. nov. Genotype, C. cerastes T | Molossus cerastes, Thos. ]. General characters as in Molossops, with the following exceptions :— Lower incisors 4. J? simplified {, with no third com- missure, the tooth transversely oblong, scarcely broader externally than internally. 4/; equally simplified, the poste- rior lobe linear, with one cusp only. Other species: C. planirostris, Pet., brachymeles, Pet., mastivus, 'lhos.,and paranus, Thos. Molossops milleri, Osg., also presumably comes here, as it is compared with plani- rostris, but it is of about the size of WM. temminckii, which is * Fam. Gen. Bats, p. 247 (1907). + I should naturally have selected planitrostris as genotype, but speci- mens from so many localities (including Buenos Ayres) have been assigned to that species that there is always a little doubt about its exact identity. Moreover, the large cerastes contrasts better than planirostris with the little temmincki as a representative of the genus which con- tains all the large species of the group. ¢ Peters’s beautiful plate of planirostris (Chiropt. Mus. Zool. Berl. pl. 18 B) shows the structure of the molars very well. 190 Mr. O. Thomas on not mentioned, and the characters of the incisors and molars are not referred to. 4, Felis yaguarondi, Desm. ?. 669. Villa Carclina. 500 m. A fine fully adult female of the normal grey-brown colour. This is a valuable accession, as the Museum collection of these variable cats is very imperfect and much needs supple- menting. Ihave long had an impression that the Jaguarondi and the Kyra may possibly represent but a single dimorphic species, as there seems little essential difference, other than colour, between the grey or brown “ F. yaguarondi”’ and the bright reddish ‘ F. eyra,’’ and the two occur more or less throughout the same area. So far, however, every author has considered them distinct—as, indeed, they appear,—and without better material I do not like definitely to assert their identity. 5. Mus musculus, L. 3. 547, 548, 556. Jujuy. 1258 m. 6. Holochilus balnearum, Thos. 3. 615, 622, 623, 626, 627, 675, 687, 692, 695, 699 ; @. 610, 618, 621, 628, 629, 637, 638, 645, 561, 654, 655, 671, 674, 676, 677, 684. Villa Carolina. Alt. 500 m. “ Raton Nutria. Inhabits the-banks of the river.”—Z. B. I provisionally use for this ‘ otter-rat”’ the name I gave in 1906 to one sent from ‘Tucuman by Signor Dinelli. But in this genus the local differences are so slight and inconstant, and the ranges of these animals are probably, as in other river-animals, so greaty that it is doubtful if even the few species that have been described are all valid. 7. Hesperomys venustus, Thos. &d. 572, 582,587,597; 2. 601. Jujay..; 1258 m. 3. 619, 630, 634, 646, 647, 649, 653, 682, 686; 9. 611, 633, 641, 642, 652, 656, 659, 678, 679, 688, 698, 707, 709, 711. Villa Carolina. 500 m. 8. Hesperomys musculinus cortensis, subsp. n. 3. 546, 564, 567, 577, 578, 598,602; 2. 553, 573, 579, 586, 599, 600, 604, 607. Jujuy. 1258 m. “ Caught in straw-yard.”—E. B, Mammals from Jujuy. 191 Size rather less than in true musculinus of Maimara, feet and tail averaging shorter. Colour above slightly duller, browner, and less clear, and below, where the difference is more noticeable, the tone is a dull pale drabby, approaching (though much less than) that found in JZus musculus, while in true musculinus the colour is a clear greyish white, with scarcely any suspicion of drabbiness. Dimensions of the type:— Head and body 94 mm.; tail 83; hind foot 19; ear 15. Skull: greatest length 24°5; condylo-incisive length 22°3 ; zygomatic breadth 13°4; nasals 9; interorbital breadth 3:8 ; palatilar length 10; palatal foramina 5-6; dental length 11; upper molar series 3:5. Hab. as above. Type. Adult male. B.M. no, 20.1.7.46. Original number 577. Collected 29th April, 1919. This laucha is no doubt very closely allied to the true musculinus * of Maimara, with which it shares the number of fourteen mammez; but on comparison of fifteen specimens with six of musculinus it proves to have so uniformly drabbier an under surface, while both feet and tail average shorter, that I have thought it worthy of having a distinctive name. A single old male skull—one of those overgrown examples which often render distinction by size so difficult—measures no less than 26 mm. in greatest length ; - but this is obviously abnormal, the type being of about the usual adult size. 9. Oryzomys sp., flavescens group. 3. 613, 614, 655, 663, 680; ¢. 624, 636, 639, 640, 648, Villa Carolina. 500 m. 10. Graomys lockwoodi, Thos. 3. 625, 631, 668, 681, 685, 694,697; 2. 616, 617, 644, 672, 673, 689. Villa Carolina. 500 m. “Trapped among fallen trees.” ‘“‘ Lives in hollow tree- trunks.”—E. B. These specimens again show that the presence or absence of slate-grey at the bases of the belly-hairs is in this group a character of no importance, all conditions occurring in the series. None of these examples have feet quite as long as in the * Eligmodontia laucha musculina, Thos, Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xi, p. 188 (1913). 192 Mr. O. Thomas on type, but that is a very old specimen. Their bulle are all smaller than in the type of G. cachinus, and about the same as in G. lockwoodi. 11. Akodon simulator, Thos. 6. 545, 550, 551, 555, 557, 560, 568, 570, 571, 574, 576, 593, 596, 603, 605, 608 ; 9. 552, 558, 559, 569, 579, 581, 588, 590, 591, 594, G09. Jujuy. 1258 m. d. 620, 632, 650, 658, 660, 662; ¢. 612,641. Villa Carolina. 500 m. This fine series, of all ages, shows, firstly, that A. semu- lator is much more hypsodont than ordinary Akodons of the arenicola group, being, in fact, intermediate between the latter and the extremely hypsodont Hypsimys. And the same is no doubt the case with the other large Akodons of the present group, most of which are known only by more insufficient material, often with greatly worn teeth. Degrees of hypsodontism are always very difficult to judge without specimens of many different ages; so that this series is of special value. Secondly, [ would note that A. simulator proves to be more variable in colour than usual, some specimens being, like the original set, grey anteriorly and buffy posteriorly, others with the buffy covering the whole body, and others, again, nearly uniformly brown. These differences are not local, and no corresponding differences can be found in the skulls. . Akodon sp. (near A. dolores). (Villa ene ) A skin (no. 656) from Villa Carolina, which appears to be quite indistinguishable from //esperomys venustus, has assigned to it, but L feel sure wrongly, a skull showing a very close resemblance to that of the Cordova Akodon dolores, an animal with no external similarity to the Hesperomys, and belonging to yet another group of Akodon. No skin in the collection seems suitable for this skull, which must remain undetermined until further collections are made. A, dolores is not specially hypsodont, as are A. stmulator and cenosus, nor are the in- cisors proodont, as is the case with A. cine and orbus, from Leon, Jujuy, and Otro Cerro, Catamarea, respectively. 13. Akodon cenosus, Thos. ¢:. 080,080, 989, 592, 595, 606; 9. 565, 566, 838, Jujuy. 1 ; Mammals from Jujuy. 193 This Akodon was originally described as a subspecies of A, puer, but is shown by better material to have a somewhat ‘larger skull with more angular supraorbital edges, and to be distinctly more hypsodont than that animal—in fact, as much so as in the large A. simulator. I therefore recognize it as specifically distinct. A complete male skull has a greatest length of 25°5 mm. ; condylo-incisive length 23:2. 14. Ctenomys sylvanus utibilis, subsp. n. ?. 713, 715. Yuto, Rio San Francisco. Alt. 500 m. ** Found among woods; sandy soil.”—Z. B. Size and general characters of true sylvanus, but lighter and with white patches on under surface. Colour above near “ snuff-brown,” but rather darker, tlic median dorsal line blackened in the paratype, but not so in the type. Under surface in general scarcely lighter, but in both specimens there are well-marked axillary white spots and conspicuous inguinal patches. Sides of muzzle scarcely blackened. Hands, feet, and tail more hairy than in sy/va- nus, less than in budini, the hands and feet white, the tail blackish for its proximal two-thirds, then white. Skull about as in sy/vanus, but in the available specimens the interparietals are larger, about equalling those of budins, and the palatal notch ends opposite the middle instead of the front edge of m?. Dimensions of the type :— Head and body 190 mm. ; tail 65 ; hind foot 34:5. Skull: median length 45°7 ; condylo-incisive length 45 ; zygomatic breadth 23°7; nasals 16:2 7-8; interorbital breadth 10°2; breadth across brain-case 19°5; bimeatal breadth 28°5; palatilar length 20°3; dental length 26; upper tooth-series (crowns) 9°8. Type. Adult, but not old, female. B.M. no. 20. 1. 7. 114. Original number 715. Collected 24th July, 1919. This tuco-tuco would seem to be a less saturate form than true sylvanus, inhabiting more open woods, with the soil ““arenoso”’ instead of ‘* vegetal’’—sand instead of humus. Its general tone is rather lighter, its muzzle is conspicuously so, while its prominent white axillary and inguinal patches afford the most obvious means of distinction, as there are none at all in sylvanus. Both forms are no doubt nearly allied to budini, but from that the distinction of uéidid’s in ground-colour, and especially in that of the lower surface, is markedly greater. Both sylvanus and utibili’s occur at about 500 m., while budini comes from 2600 m. 194 Mr. O. Thomas on 15. Ctenomys juris, sp. n. 3. 703,706; 2. 702,704,705. El Chaguaral, between San Pedro and Villa Carolina. Alt. 500 m. “Tn stony ground in ravines running down to the river.” —E. B. A small species like C. focht externally, but with much smaller bullee. Size small, about as in bergi, fochi, and dorsalis. General colour usually quite uniform pale brown, nearest to ‘ sayal brown ” along the back, paler on the sides. Under surface washed with pale buffy varying towards whitish, the best- marked specimens near “ pinkish buff.’’ Middle line of face normally little darker than back, but in two out of five speci- mens there is a marked darkening on the top of the muzzle, as in fochi. Size of neck with a buffy or whitish half-collar extending up to the ear. Inner side of forearm whitish, lighter than the belly; concolor with the belly in /foehz. Hands and feet whitish. Tail dull buffy whitish, with a dark brown terminal crest. Skull with broad nasals, little narrowed posteriorly. Zygo- mata widely expanded, the anterior zygomatic breadth often greater than the posterior. Palatal notch to level of middle of m?, Bulle small and narrow, but smoothly filled out, not compressed ; markedly smaller than in fochi. Incisors rather more proodont than usual, the index-angle about 108°, in the type of bergi 100°, in that of fochi 94°. Dimensions of the type :— Head and body 177 mm.; tail 72; hind foot 29. Skull: median length 42; condylo-incisive length 42°3 ; zygomatic breadth (anterior) 27; nasals 13°2 x 7°5 ; inter- orbital breadth 10; breadth across brain-case 17 ; bimeatal breadth 27 ; palatilar length 19°7; dental length 25; upper tooth-series (crowns) 8:3. Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 20.1.7.116. Original number 706. Collected 3rd August, 1919. The smaller bulle and usually undarkened forehead will readily distinguish this tuco-tuco from its nearest ally C. fochi of Chumbicha, Catamarca. Sr. Budin has taken great pains in getting tuco-tucos, making excursions in various directions to obtain them, and is now rewarded by the discovery of two further new forms. None appear to be found at Villa Carolina, or very close to the town of Jujuy. Mammals from Sujuy. 195 16. Dasyprocta variegata bolivie, Thos. Immature skull. ¢. Villa Carolina. 500 m. 17. Galea comes, Thos. 3S. 635, 666, 670, 691, 708; 9. 643, 657, 661, 664, 696, 700, 701. Villa Carolina. 1258 m. 18. Sylvilagus brasiliensis gibsont, Thos. 3. 690. Villa Carolina. 500 m. Not fully adult. Nape-patch less rufous than in type. 19. Marmosa * budini, sp. n. 3.714. Altura de Yuto, Rio San Francisco. Alt. 500 m. “ Caught in an upland wood.”—E£. B. : A medium-sized species, grey above and buffy yellowish elow. * Tam quite unable to accept the nomenclatural results of Dr. Matschie’s recent paper on the Didelphiidss (SB. Ges. Nat. Fr. Berl. 1916, p. 259). because, as in other cases, he bases his whole work on the obsolete and now generally discarded principle of elimination, instead of using modein methods for the identification and selection of genotypes. Some of his conclusions in the present case would be specially unacceptable to workers in general, such as his entire ignoring of my selection in 1888 of brachy- urus as the type of Peramys, Less., and his long and complicated argu- ments that because the other species of the original Peramys—brachyurus, tristriata, and pusidla—fall into other genera, the fourth species men- tioned—crassicaudata—must be taken as the genotype. Such a definite selection of the genotype of Peramys (brachywa) as that in the ‘ Catalogue of Marsupials’ is in accordance with modern usage and cannot be ignored. With regard, however, to Monedelphis, Burm., although Dr. Matschie’s selection of its genotype is obtained, as I consider, in the wrong way, yet he has made a selection, and, in the absence of an earlier one, that would be valid, and I would therefore accept “‘ brachyura” as its genotype. In consequence Monodelphis would antedate and supersede Peramys for the genus containing the common short-tailed opossum. All Dr, Matschie’s recent nomenclature work is similarly based on this unsound principle of elimination, so that his exceptional literary know- ledge is rendered nugatory so far as the utilization of his results is concerned. Incidentally I may note that the group called Micoureus by Matschie, who quotes its type as D. laniger, Desm., appears to need a new name, as Micoureus, Lesson, with type by subsequent selection D. cinerea (Thomas, 1888), properly goes to quite a different group. I would suggest the name Mallodelphys for the former, with D. laniger as its genotype. It should, I think, rank as a subgenus of the genus Philander, whose geno- type, by tautonymy, is Philander philander, L. 196 On Mammals from Jujuy. Size about as in WZ. murina. Fur soft and fine, of medium length, hairs of back about 12 mm. long. General colour above rather browner than Ridgway’s “ light greyish olive” ; sides lighter and more buffy ; under surface rich buffy, the median area of throat and belly “ light ochraceous buff,” this colour also extending up, though less intense, on the outer sides of the hips. ‘Top of muzzle dull buffy, cheeks rich buffy ; black orbital rings well marked. Upper surface. of hands and feet pale buffy; fifth hind digit about equal in length to the second ; third longer and fourth longest. Tail with only about a centimetre at its base furry and coloured like the body ; the rest naked, grey for its proximal halt above and third below ; the end white all round. Skull of normal proportions; nasals expanded behind ; supraorbital ledges well developed. Palatal imperfections of average extent. Teeth rather large in proportion to the size of the skull. P? small, p? and p* much larger, subequal. Dimensions of the type :— Head and body 139 mm.; tail 186; hind foot 24:5; ear 22°4. Skull: greatest length 38 ; condylo-basal length 37 ; zygo- matic breadth 21°5; nasals, length 16°5, middle breadth 2°7, greatest breadth 5; breadth across postorbital processes 8°8 ; palatal length 21; length of maxillary tooth-row 15:7; first three molariform teeth 7-1. Hab. as above. Yuto is about 70 kilometres north of Villa Carolina. Type. Male, adult but not old. B.M. no. 20.1. 7. 134. Original number 714. Collected 23rd July, 1919. While of about the size of the members of the Marmosa murina group, and with similarly unfurred tail-base, this opossum has the greyish colour and yellowish belly of JZ. ec- nerea and its allies, and is thus readily distinguishable from any species as yet described. It is the first member of the group to be found in Argentine territory. The species is named after Sr. Budin, in recognition of the keen and intelligent interest he takes in his collecting work. 20. Marmosa elegans cinderella, Thos. 3. 554, 562,563; 2. 549, 561. Jujuy. 1258 m. 3. 683, 693, 710. Villa Carolina. 500 m. On a new Species of Mellivora from Somaliland. 197 XXVI—A new Species of Mellivora from Somaliland. By R. C. WrouautTon and Major R. E. CHErsMAn. ‘THE classification of specimens of Mellivora from 8.W. Persia necessitated the survey of all material of this genus in the National Collection. It then became evident that certain specimens from Somaliland possessed characters differing from those of other African species of Meli’vora, more espe- cially from the two nearest named species, J/edlivora abys- s/nica, Hollister, and Mellivora sagulata, Hollister. Mellivora brockmant, sp. n. A Mellivora having the grey of the mantle much lighter than that of AZ. abyssinica, with white marginal line of mantle 18 mm. broad and very distinct, and lacking the ochraceous colour of the mantle of J. sagulata. General colour black, with iron-grey mantle from between the eyes to half the length of the tail; mantle bordered with a clearly defined white marginal line, The hairs of the mantle are entirely white and entirely black, mixed in a proportion to give a general colour of grey. ‘Towards the margin the black hairs are absent, forming thie white marginal line. Length of hairs about 26 mm. on the centre of the back. Dimensions of the type :—Head and body 687 mm.; tail 220; hind foot 118 ; ear 35. Skull: condylo-basal length 128; palatilar length (broken) ; interorbital width 34; length of carnassial 15°5 ; length of upper tooth-row behind canine 31. Hab. N. Somaliland. Type from Upper Sheikh, Somali- land. Alt. 4300 ft. Another specimen from Gorahai, Somaliland (Capt. H. NV. Dunn). Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 10.10. 3.10. Original number 268. Collected 11th January, 1910, by Dr. R. H. Drake-Brockman, and presented by him to the British Museum. This species has been named in honour of Dr. R. EH. Drake- Brockman. 198 Rev. S. Graham Brade- Birks— XXVI.— Notes on Myriapoda.— XXI. Colobognatha, an Order of Diplopoda (Millipedes) new to Britain, represented by Polyzonium germanicum (Brandt). By the Rev. 5S. GraHsaM BrapbeE-BirKs, M.Sc., Lecturer in Zoology and Geology, S.K. Agricultural College, Wye, Kent. On the occasion of a visit that the Lecturer in Agricultural Zoology here—Mr. C. A. W. Duffield—and the writer paid to the Juniper Wood, Wye, on the afternoon of the 24th of October, 1919, I took a millipede referable to the genus Polyzonium, Brandt, 1834. It appears that the order to which this genus belongs has been unrepresented hitherto in the faunal lists of the British Isles. During November 1919 Mr. Duffield and I took a number of specimens of the same animal on subsequent visits to the wood, and one specimen was also taken there on the 13th of December. Upon the dissection of some male specimens for the exami- nation of secondary sexual characters of taxonomic importance and their comparison with those given by Latzel (1) in his fivures of the species P. germanitcum (Brandt, 1831), it was found that some points of agreement were very noticeable. At the same time I felt doubtful about the diagnosis, and thought it advisable to send a male specimen to Monsieur Henry W. Brélemann, the eminent French myriapodologist, who, with a courtesy now proverbial in his circle of English friends, made a careful examination of the animal and a sketch of the gonopods, together with a.note on one of Verhoeff’s papers (4). This assistance, submitted to me in litt., makes my present task a light one, and I here express my best thanks to M. Brélemaun for his valuable help. M. Brélemann definitely referred the male I sent to him to the species Polyzonium germanicum, a member of the family Polyzoniide, Gervais, 1844, order Colobognatha, Brandt, 1834. Latzel (1) describes the Colobognatha an order differing from the Chilognatha in the strueture of the mouth- parts, which are modified here to a greater or less extent with the suctorial function of the rostrum into which the circum- oral region is produced. Latzel adds an account of the family Polyzontide, which he divides into two subfamilies—the Platydesmiaand the Dolistenia*,—the former including genera * Latzel (oc. cit.) tells us that Brandt had previously subdivided the family into Ommatophora and Typhlogena, the former containing the genera with eyes, the latter including all without. Notes on Myriapoda. 199 with less than seventy body-segments, the latter those with more than seventy. Inthe former subfamily he places Poly- zonium germanicum, and gives a detailed description of the genus and species, devoting the whole of his plate xvi. (figs. 199-210) to the latter. Since Latzel’s time further systematic work has been done in this group ; some indication of ifs extent may be gathered from Verhoeff’s werk on German Diplopoda, (5) p. 23. The same author criticized Latzel on Polyzonium as early as 1898, and gave (4) an account of the species which the present note records, together with a figure of the gonopods (his plate vii. fig. 11). As M. Brélemann has pointed out to me in /ité., we find that in the anterior gonopod the coxal lobe (L in the figure cited), which in the animal itself is a definite structure quite easily seen, 1s not represented at all clearly in Verhoeff’s figure. That this may be due more to incorrect reproduction than to the fault of the author is shown by Verhoeff’s statement in the text (loc. cit.) :—“* Gegeniiber den andern beiden Arten ” [i.e., P. bosniense, Verhoetf, and P. transsilvanicum, Ver- hoeff] “ist germanicum ausgezeichnet durch (Abb. 11 ) das emporragende 3. Tarsalglied, dessen aafragende Spitze EH, den Nebenlappen, dessen Rand in feine Spitzchen zerschlitzt ist (nicht ‘gekerbt’) das deutliche Femoralglied und den Hocker L des Kndlappens der Hiiften, welcher kaum vorragt und innen etwas eckig ist.” Verhoeff, in a later work (5) already quoted, gives an instructive account of the comparative anatomy of the group to which Polyzonium belongs. Sinclair (3) and Pocock (2) have both dealt briefly with the Colobognatha in English, and the former gives a useful figure of Polyzonium germani- cum showing the general proportions of the whole animal. Field Notes and other Observations. Polyzonium can be distinguished readily in the field from all other British genera by its characteristic semicylindrical shape ; whereas the dorsal surface of the animal is convex from side to side, the ventral surface is practically flat. Latzel gives the dimensions of P. germanteum as 5-15 mm. long and 1°1-2 mm. wide. The walking-legs perform their work with the same wave- like motion that is noticeable in so many other millipedes. When disturbed the animal curls itself up like a clock- spring, and generally remains quite a long time in that position. Since this species is widely distributed on the continent, it is interesting to take it first in Britain in that part of England 200 Prof. C. Chilton on the Freshwater Isopods which is nearest to France. When the distribution of the Diplopoda of these islands is better known, we may find that such an occurrence has a special biological significance. The wood where our specimens were captured is situated along the slopes and summit of the Jow chalk-hills which form part of the Wye Downs, running roughly north and south about a mile from Wye itself, and rising on the south from the Selbornian tract below, and on the west from the Chalk valley of the Great Stour, to a little over 500 feet above seaglevel in some places. In the area of the wood where we took P. germanicum, some three-quarters of a mile E.N.E. from the town, the altitude is only some 400 feet, or 200 to 300 feet above Wye itself. In this portion of the wood hazel, beech, and coniferous trees are well represented, while the ground is often covered with grass and low-growing plants, among which there is a considerable quantity of fallen leaves and other plant débris in autumn. It is among the fallen leaves in this situation that we have taken Polyzonium. As Mr. Daffield pointed out to me on one of our visits to this hunting-ground, there is quite a striking superficial resem- blance between this new millipede with its yellow to brownish colouring and the fallen bud-cases of the beech to be found at Juniper Wood in the vegetable débris in which, as already stated, the animal itself occurs. REFERENCES. (1) Latzet, Roprert. ‘ Die Myriopoden der ésterreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie,’ i. (1884). (2) Pocock, R.I. Article “ Millipede” in Encye, Brit. 11th edit. 1911, xviii. pp. 468-475 et seq. (3) Sunciarr, F.G. “ Myriapods” in ‘The Cambridge Natural History,’ 1910, vol. v. pp. 27-80. (4) Vernorrr, K. W. “Ueber Diplopoden aus Bosnien, Herzogowina und Dalmatien—V. Glomeride & Polyzoniide (Schluss).” Archiy fiir Naturgeschichte, Jahrg. 64, 1898, pp. 161 e¢ seg., pl. vii. ; (5) ‘Die Diplopoden Deutschlands,’ 1911-14. Wye College, Kent, 19th December, 1919. XXVIIL.—WNote on the Freshwater Isopods known as Asellus aquaticus. By Cuas. Curitron, M.A., D.Sc., M.B., O.M., LL.D., C.M.Z.S., F.L.S., Professor of Biology, Canterbury College, New Zealand. TE little freshwater Isopods which are common in many streams of different parts of Hurope have hitherto always been known under the name of Asellus aquaticus, and, known as Asellus aquaticus. 201 although the animal has been fully described and figured by various author s, no one until recently appears to have suspected that the individuals belonged to more than one form or species. In a recent paper, however, Monsieur EK. G. Racovitza * has pointed out that under the name Asellus aquaticus two quite distinct forms or series of forms have been confused, and that these differ distinctly from one another by several fairly we!l- marked characters. He adopts the name Asellus aquaticus, Linné, 1758, for one species which appears to be the com- monest and the only one hitherto fully described and figured ; for the other, which is therefore new, he suggests the name Asellus meridianus. For a full account of the differences between these two and for excellent figures showing them reference should be made to M. Racovitza’s paper. It seems desirable, however, to call the attention of English naturalists to his results, and in doing so it will be sufficient to indicate briefly some of the more important differences. They are as follows :— A, aquaticus, A, meridianus. Antenna 2., Malealmostaslong ashody, Two-thirds length of body female a little shorter. in both sexes, Mazxillal ., Four plumose setze on distal Five plumose sete on distal margin of inner lobe. margin of inner lobe. Pereopod 1 . Adult male with large tri- Inferior margin of propod angular projection on in- almost straight, no pro- ferior margin of propod. jection. Pereopod 4. Carpus with longitudiual Carpus with row of 10-12 row of 4-5 spines, discon- long spines, continuous, tinuous. Pleopod 1 of Exterior margin of exopod Exterior margin of exopod male, emarginate. straight. Besides these there are other minor differences in the shape of the lateral margins. of the peraou segments II. to V. and in the second pleopods of both male and femaie animals. On receipt of M. Racovitza’s paper 1 examined the speci- mens in my own collection, and find that both forms are represented—namely, Asel/us aquaticus, 1umerous specimerts collected in the Edinburgh—Glasgow Canal at Edinbureh about the year 1898, others i in the "River Neckar, He idelbere: 22. iv. 1900; Asellus meridianus, several specimens from a small brook at Tunbridge Wells, Mngland, forwarded to me by the Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing. I have dissected and ex- amined a male and a female from each of these localities, as it is almost impossible to distinguish the two species by * Archiv. Zool. Hixpér. et Gén. 1919, tome 658, Notes et Revue, pp. 31-43. Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. v. 14 202 Prof. C. Chilton on Asellus aquaticus. external characters unless one has fully adult and perfect males when they might be distinguished by the length of the second antenne and by the shape of the lateral margins of segments 2 to 5 of the pereeon. Many of my specimens are immature and in others the antenne are broken, off, and, though the Tunbridge Wells specimens showed the lateral margins of the perzeon segments as described by Racovitza, the difference from the other specimens was hardly sufficient to be distinctive by itself. ; The following are brief notes on the specimens I have examined. In the female from Edinburgh the-inner lobe of the first maxilla showed the four sete characteristic of A. aquaticus on the one side, while the appendage on the other side had only three * ; the second pleopod is circular in outline ; the male examined from Edinburgh is evidently not fully mature, for the first thoracic leg has the propod only slightly triangular, though it is certainly approaching towards the outline represented in Racovitza’s figure ; in the fourth leg the row of spinules on the carpus is distinctly discon- tinuous and contains only a few spines; the first and second pleopods show the characters described by Racovitza, the exterior margin of the exopod of pleopod 1 being distinctly emarginate. In a male specimen of Asellus aquaticus, Linné, from the River Neckar the first and fourth pairs of legs correspond, on the whole, well with Racovitza’s figures and descriptions, though the first one is not fully developed, and consequently the propod not so distinctly triangular; the first and second pleopods are in close agreement with Racovitza’s description, the emargination on the external border of the exopod being quite distinct. Racovitza has examined and identified specimens of Asellus aquaticus, Linné, from “ Askam bog (Yorkshire), Birmingham,”’ from various localities in France, and from Carniola (Adelsberg), while on the testimony: of other authors le records it from Norway, Poland, Livonia, Russia, Germany, Switzerland, and Greenland. ‘The species is therefore very widely distributed. ‘It is this species that has been so well described and figured by Sars f. * Probably further examination would show that the oral appendages in Asellus are liable to a considerable amount of variation, as has been shown by Dr. Collinge to exist in the Oniscoidea or Terrestrial Isopoda (Journ. Linn. Soe., Zool. vol. xxxii. (1914) pp. 287-293, pls. xx., xxi.). + 1867, ‘Hist. nat. des Crustacés d’eau douce de Norvége,’ p. 93, pls. viii, ix., & x.; and 1897, ‘Crustacea of Norway,’ vol. 11. p. 97, pl. xxxix, : 9 On a new Tentaculate Cestode. 203 In the male of A. meridianus, Racovitza, from Tunbgidge Wells, both first maxille have five sete on the apex oF the inner lobe, the first thoracic leg has the propod distinctly oval, with the inferior margin straight and without any sign of a triangular projection to meet the end of the tip of the finger ; the fourth thoracic leg has on the carpus a distinct row of about ten long’ spinules ; the first and second pleopods are in close agreement with the characters assigned to this species, the outer margin of the exopod of pleopod 1 being without any trace of an emargination. In the female from Tunbridge Wells the inner lobe of maxilla 1 bears the five plumose sete both on the right and on the left sides; the exopod of pleopod 2 is trapezoidal in shape as described by Racovitza, Racovitza has examined specimens of A. mertdianus from Dulwich and from Slapton Lea (Devonshire), and from numerous localities in France. He finds it very constant in its characters ; it is, he says, not the only one of the series, other allied forms being found in the Mediterranean basin both in surface-streams and in underground waters. Of the underground forms, two—A. cavaticus, Schiodte, and A, foreli, Bl.—have already been described, and other forms will be described by M. Racovitza in a forthcoming memoir. X XIX.—On a new Tentaculate Cestode. By Franx E. Bepparp, D.Sc., M.A., F.R.S., F.Z.8. Tue occurrence of tentacles (I do not include the ‘‘ probos- cides” of the Tetrarhyncha) is so rare among Cestodes that a new example of this occurrence, characterising perhaps a " new species or genus, is worth bringing to the notice of zoologists. So far we are only acquainted with one strictly comparable instance, shown in thé genus Schistometra, of which I shall have something to say later. The only remain- ing tentaculate worms of this group are the little-known Paratenia and Polypocephalus, which are regarded by Braun* as possibly identical, but of whose systematic position the ascertained facts of structure do not permit us to form a definite opinion; nor does the recent redescrip- tion of Paratenia by Southwell+ definitely settle the matter. * In Bronn’s ‘ Klassen und Ordnungen des Thiereichs,’ Bd. vi. + ‘Ceylon Marine Biological Reports,’ pt. vi., Jan. 1912, No, 22, 204 Dr. F. E. Beddard on a In amy case the tentacles of this worm are numerous and torn circle towards the apex of the scolex above the four suckers. In the worm which I here describe the tentacles are closely associated with the suckers and appear to protrude from them, one from each. As a matter of fact, I only saw in the living worm two tentacles, each belonging to a separate sucker; it is thus only an inference that each sucker has its tentacle, as is the case with Schistometra togata, though here there are two to each sucker. The tentacles are very mobile and at times totally disappear with lightning rapidity. The worm itself was obtained from the Guinea-fowl, Numida mitrata, and I found only one example in company with some smaller worms apparently belonging to the genus Davainea. It is a small and slender worm of rather more than an inch in length and 1mm. in breadth at the widest point, which is near the posterior end of the body. I could see no traces of hooks nor a rostellum. During life the suckers were much extended and mobile, as was also that part of the scolex in which they are implanted. After preservation the scolex was of the same diameter as the ensuing strobila, The scolex was rather injured by the pressure of the cover- glass in examination of the living worm. But I recognised at the anterior end a single large sucker-like ring, which seems to me to be not one of the four usual suckers—for there was no trace of the others,— but the mouth of an involution containing the anterior end of the worm, suckers and all. That there is nothing impossible in this view is obvious from the state of affairs in many larval Cestodes, as well as from the partial power of retracting the scolex in some adult forms. But the material in my hands does not allow of a positive statement. The slide remains for the examination of others. It would appear that the character of the tentacles and their position in relation to the suckers in this new form are quite like those exhibited by a worm recently described by Fuhrmann* as Chapmania tapica (= Ldiogenes tapica of Clerc)+. That worm, however, pos- sesses a rostellum with hooks, and has internal characters which forbid its identification with that described here. Moreover, Skriabin f has lately asserted that the scolex (and * Swedish Zool. Exp. Egypt, pt. ii. 1909, Cestodes, p, 19, + Centralbl. f. Bakt, u. Paras, xlii. p. 722. } Ibid. \xxiii. 1914, p. 899. new Tentaculate Cestode. 205 the scolex only) of Fuhrmann’s example of Chapmania tapica is that of another genus altogether, viz., Schistumetra togata of Cholodkovsky *. There is also no doubt that the tentaculate Cestode described here has nothing to do with Schistometra togata, nor with my own ft Otiditenia eupodotidis, which Skriabin regards as not only congeneric, but as being of specific identity, with Schistometra togata t. For in Schistometra, according to Skriabin (Cholodkovsky examined examples without a scolex), the rostellum is armed and each sucker has two tentacles arising side by side from the upper end. There is also no doubt that the tentaculate worm found by myself in Numida mitrata has no relation to Schistometra in its general anatomy. ‘This is entirely upon the plan of that of Rhabdometra, and J have compared the worm detail for detail with my preparations of Rhabdometra cylindrica§. It is to be noted, however, that the example of the tentaculate Cestode which I have in my possession is not perfectly mature, in that it is not in the process of shed- ding proglottids. It possesses the terminal segment, longer and more oval in form than those which precede it, as is usual among those Tapeworms in which the terminal pro- glottid has been observed. At the very extremity of this * In a Russian work, being a Catalogue of Cestodes in the Cabinet of the Imperial Military-Medical Academy of Petrograd, 1912, p. 46. + Proc. Zool. Soc. 1912, p. 194, and 2b. 1914, p. 879. { As to this identification I make the following observations :—I believe that Dr. Skriabin is quite right in identifying the genera Schistometra and Otiditenia. As he uses Cholodkovsky’s name instead of mine, I presume that that name has thé priority of date of publication, though both descriptions appeared in 1912—mine in March of that year; the month of issue is not given in my copy (due to the author’s kindness) of Cholodkovsky’s catalogue. I am not, however, convinced that the species are identical. It is to be noted that Cholodkovsky (Annuaire Mus. Zool. Ac. Sci. St. Petersburg, xx. 1915, p. 164) convinced Skriabin that the species described by the latter in his paper referred to here was not identical with Schistometra togata, but identical with a species described in MS. by Doppelmayr as S. embiensis. It does not remain clear as to which of these two the scolex alleged to be of Chapmania tapica really belongs. But, apart from the possible lack of knowledge of the scolex of S. togata, the arrangement of the testes of the latter in many rows does not agree with my observations upon those of “ Otiditenia eupodotidis.” As to S. embiensis it seems to me to differ from my species by the much more slender scolex, that of my species being more massive. But the testes agree as being in one row. The brick-red colour of the posterior segments of my worm as well as its different host are minor points of difference from the two species of Schistometra described by the three Russian authors, § P.Z.S8. 1914, p. 859. 206 On a new Tentaculate Cestode. opens the water vascular system by a pore. I mention this for the reason that the characteristics about to be referred to may not be those of the fully mature species. The cortex and muscular system are so like those of Rhabdometra cylindrica that no description is necessary ; aud this applies to the water vascular system. On the other hand, I have detected certain minutiz in which the generative system differs, and I give the facts for what they may be worth as marks of differentiation. The testes are posterior in position and are developed dorsally, laterally, and ventrally, as in Rh. cylindrica. The cirrus-sac seems to be rather longer than in the last-named species; it extends well over the ventral vessel of the water vascular system—in Rh. cylindrica the cirrus-sac only reaches as far as, or just over, the same water vessel. The receptaculum seminis of the new species is more elongated in form than is that organ in R. cylindrica. Both the uterus and the paruterine organ of my new tentaculate species correspond very closely in relative size and shape to the same organs in the less fully mature proglottids of Rh. cylindrica*. This is also the case with the terminal segment of the worm. I find, however, that the end of the paruterine organ in the new species, where it comes into contact with the uterus, has no heap of calcareous bodies such as are present in the species with which I am comparing it; this seems to be a real difference, though the heaps of calcareous bodies are at least not always present in the younger paruterine bodies of RA. cylindricat. It seems therefore to be clear, that the Cestode which forms the subject of these remarks would be undoubtedly referred to the genus Rhabdomeira, were there no knowledge * See text-fig. 5, p. 868, of my memoir just cited. + I take this opportunity of adding a new fact of some little interest to what is known of the anatomy of Rhabdometra cylindrica. I found in the case of one proglottid only, out of a number which I examined, a’ duct leading from the anterior region of the uterus, which was followed to its opening on the ventral surface of the segment by an involution of the subcuticular layer as near as possible in the middle of the ventral surface. It will be observed that the occasional existence in the present species of a separate uterine pore is more striking as a retention of an archaic state of affairs than in Dasyuwrotenia, where (see Beddard, P.Z.S. 1915, p. 190, text-fig. 8) the occasional uterine pore is lateral and involves the lateral water vascular tube. It is clear that in the genus Lhabdometra a comparison is undoubtedly to be made with the Pseudophyllidea and the Ichthyotzeniids, and not with the dorsal and ventral pores, connected though they are with the egg-holding system, of Amabilia and (?) 3 Schistotenia. Geological Society. 207 of its peculiar tentacles. It is, of course, quite possible that such have been overlooked, especially in view of the fact that so few of the Cestodes known ‘to science have been examined in a living condition. Their extreme retractility, amounting almost to disappearance, would render it most easy to miss them in sections through the scolex. I have myself been unable to discover them in sections of Rhab- dometra cylindrica. If this lack of tentacles is only apparent and due to the difficulty of seeing them, it may be that this worm is identical with Rhabdometra numida, a species described by Fuhrmann from the Guinea-fowl N. pitilo- rhyncha*, While therefore I believe myself to be correct in describing the worm as a “ new tentaculate Cestode,” it may not be a new Cestode. But further investigation is required before it can be asserted that the existence of retractile tentacles is characteristic of the genus Rhabdometra, and, for the matter of that, of other genera. PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES. GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. November 19th, 1919.—Mr. G. W. Lamplugh, F.R.S., President, in the Chair. The following communication was read :— ‘The Pleistocene Deposits around Cambridge.’ By Prof. John Edward Marr, Se.D., F.R.S., V.P.G.S. This paper deals with the deposits in the immediate vicinity of Cambridge, and contains new records of sections, fossils, and imple- ments. It is pointed out that, owing to alternating periods of erosion and aggradation, relative height above sea-level is nota trustworthy index of antiquity, and modifications of the classification proposed by W. Penning and A. J. Jukes-Browne are indicated. The Author suggests the following chronological sequence, in descending order :— Feet (ie Barnwell Station Beds.2e-.sssawdssteniess ceed. 20 (2) Newer Downing Site Beds .................000000 35 (3) Newer Barnwell Village Beds.................... 45 (4) Huntingdon Road: Claysicre. tence. eeecen cs « 70 (6) Observatory Beds. 7 ieee soy cee 85 (6) Corbicula Gravels (Barnwell village, etc.) ... 30 oS SE eee a * Swedish Zool, Exp. Egypt, pt. iii. 1909, p. 36. 208 Geological Society. The figures on the left give the approximate height above sea-level. It is believed that Nos. 6 and 5 were formed during a period of aggradation, and 4-1 during one of subsequent erosion with minor aggradation; but it cannot be conclusively proved that 6 and 8 are of different ages, although the deposition of the beds 6 below those of series 8, where they occur together, and the occurrence of Hippopotamus and Belgrandia marginata with Corbicula suggest an early date for these Corbicula-bearing beds. Taking the beds in the order of reputed age, the following observations are noted :— Chellean implements have been found at low levels at Barnwell and Chesterton, and may belong to the beds 1. The Observatory Beds have -yielded abundant implements of Chellean, Acheulean, and early Mousterian types, the last-named apparently in deposits later than those containing the two first-named. Unfortunately mollusca and mammalia are very rare in these beds. The Hun- tingdon Road Clays require much further work, as only poor exposures have hitherto been found, and it is not clear that they are newer than the Observatory Beds. The beds referred to the Newer Barnwell Village Series contain abundant remains of the mammoth, woolly rhinoceros, and fairly numerous horse-bones. Implements associated with them suggest an Upper Paleolithic age. The Newer Downing Site Beds have yielded a cold molluscan fauna. They are probably somewhat earlier than the Barnwell Station Series, which has furnished a similar mollusean fauna, and also an Arctic flora, the plants of which were identified by the late Mr. Clement Reid. Reindeer occurs in these beds. The paper is chiefly a record of facts, but it is intended to be preliminary to a detailed survey of the Pleistocene deposits of the Great Ouse Basin, which are so important as throwing light upon the relationship of the Paleolithic beds to the glacial accumulations, and also to the marine beds of March and the Nar Valley. Appendix I, on the Non-Marine Mollusca, is supplied by Alfred Santer Kennard, F.G.S. and Bernard Barham Woodward, F.L.S., E.G.S. Lists are given of the non-marine mollusca from the various sections, with their degrees of frequency. These lists are based on examination of old collections and on a large amount of new material. Notes are appended on some of the species, and con- clusions as to the ages of the Cambridge gravels are given, based on the mollusean evidence. Appendix IT, on the Implements, is supplied by Miles C. Burkitt, WA. 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Insertion. — Jnsertions. Insertions. PAGE - - - - 2 30°04 rA6 0 each: A12--O-each HALE:PAGE apicali, metatarsisque intermediis posticisque, apice excepto, albo- flavidis ; alis hyalinis, venis fuscis ; mesonoto antice transverse striato, postice punctato. Long. 11 mm. 9. Clypeus with a median carina, bluntly pointed at the apex, and clothed with close silver pubescence; mandibles tridentate, the middle tooth much longer than either the upper or lower. Eyes separated at the base of the clypeus by a distance equal to about one-third of the length of the scape, the facets in front very large. Head rather broader than the thorax, shining, minutely punctured, more closely on the front than on the vertex. Ocelli in a broad triangle ; the posterior pair much further from each other than from the anterior one, a little further from the eyes than from each other, and at least half as far again from the hind margin of the head as from each other. Pronotum transverse, almost smooth ; mesonotum closely transversely striated on the ante- rior half ; the posterior half finely punctured, with oblique strize on the sides. Scutellum and pleure finely punctured ; basal area of the median segment longitudinally striated. Abdomen shining, minutely punctured, pygidial area long and narrow. First and second abscisse of the radius sub- equal; recurrent nervure received shortly before the apex of the cubital cell. Hab. Kandy, Ceylon, September 1918 (0. S. Wickwar) ; eo, This belongs to the group of C. fossorius, L., and C. chry- sites, Kohl, but is very distinct in the beautiful steel-blue colour, the less robust form, and the reduced size and pale colour of the markings. The sculpture of the mesonotum is similar to that of C. chrysites, but is stronger than in that species. Superficially this species resembles Gorytes ceru- lescens, Turn., the colouring in both species being unique in the genus. XXXV.—Pholidocidaris anceps: a Correction. By F. A. Batuer, F.R.S. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) In attempting to interpret the structure of Austin’s holotype of Protoéchinus (Jan. 1918, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 9, vol. i. p. 40) I fell into the very mistake that I was trying to 272 Mr. F. A. Bather on Pholidocidaris anceps. avoid—a mistake due to the fact that the specimen is seen from the inside. In numbering the columns of inter- ambulacrals I forgot to reverse my tracing, as I had intended, with the result that the numbers on the diagram (p. 48) are wrong. This was pointed out by my friend Dr. R. T. Jack- son in a letter of 14th Feb., 1918. As the simplest way of putting the matter right, [ avail myself of his kind permission to print some of his informal remarks, and reproduce the diagram with corrected columns and numbers. HioLerypz X %, diam. FPROTCECHINUS ANCEPS Austin Dr. Jackson writes :— “‘ As regards the numbering of columns in interambulacrum C, as it is an internal view I should have column 1 on the right (compare Perischodomus, my plate 64, fig. 2). Column 2 would then come on the left, column 3 would fall to the right, with the second plate truncating its dorsal border as usual. Column 4 would then start in a plate which is practically pentagonaland onthe right of thecentre. This, which J call the initial plate of column 4, does not make a very good plate for the second plate in column 3, following your lettering. Column 5 starts with a pentagon, and, as I imagine, passes through the small fragmentary plate on the dorsal border of the initial pentagon. The plate on the left (if there are two plates, which looks probable to me) would. apparently then be the initial plate of column 6, which falls to the left of the centre (right of the centre as seen from the outside). All this something as I show in Hyattechinus On Fossil Arthropods in the British Museum. 273 rarispinus, plate 23, fig. 1, area I. This is an external sand- stone mold of the ventral side seen from above, and is there- fore reversed, as is your specimen of Pholidocidaris anceps seen from within. 2 “‘T found in the great preponderance of cases in Paleozoic Hehini that odd-numbered columns, while starting in the centre, passed upwards to the left of the centre. On the other hand, even-numbered columns usually start on the right of the centre and maintain that position throughout their extent. Such being the case, I feel that such is the probable course in any given specimen until it proves itself exceptional. “This internal and external view business and molds of exterior and interior seen in reverse are the most confusing things to keep true orientation straight in that I ever tackled.” XXXVI.— Fossil Arthropods in the British Museum.—I. By T. D. A. CockEre.L, University of Colorado. Tue British Eocene insects hitherto described consist of three species of Coleoptera, one of Isoptera, and one of Odonata. The two latter, published in recent years, are in the British Museum. Dr. F. A. Bather has kindly transmitted to: me the undescribed Eocene material belonging to the Museum, and included with it I find the type-specimens of two of the already-named Coleoptera. These were figured by Westwood in 1854, without names; in 1856 names were supplied by Giebel. | In the present paper I complete the account of the Hocene material, aside from the Coleoptera, which will be discussed separately. Six species are described, more than doubling the list, and adding three orders. The ants are the oldest Old-World species. ‘The Fulgorid represents a type of broad-winged moth-like Homoptera, well developed to-day in the Oriental region, but especially prominent in the Hocene fauna of the Rocky Mountains, as I shall show in a paper now awaiting publication. So far as can be seen, the Hnglish insect belongs to one of the American genera. The most remarkable find, however, is a large wing belonging to the Mesozoic family Pseudosiricide. Its discovery is almost as startling as that of a Tertiary dinosaur; but after careful study I cannot separate the species from the Mesozoic group, and, indeed, it is ‘very close to the genus Formicium. Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9: Vol. v. 19 274 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Fossil Arthropods The specimens in Burmese amber (burmite) are also of Tertiary age, and were sent by Mr. R. C. J. Swinhoe, of Mandalay, who kindly presents them to the British Museum. The character and age of the beds has been discussed in earlier papers, particularly Amer. Journ. Science, Aug. 1916, p.oas PSEUDOSCORPIONIDA. Garypus burmiticus, sp.n. (Fig. 1.) Legs and pedipalpi intense black; apparently no tro- chantins. Pedipalp with coxa elongated, produced apically ; femur ordinary, rather stout, about 450 uw long ; tibia about 350 uw long, very stout, obtusely angulate on inner side; hand long (about 800 ~), with a narrow neck, followed by a broad Fig. 1. Garypus burmiticus, Ckll. base which tapers gradually to the apex, the outer margin beyond the basal curve being practically straight ; the pedi- palp has very few hairs, longest on the hand. Jaw with a long serrula, not detached apically; no flagellum ; stylet present. Burmese amber, from R. C. J. Swinhoe. Represented by a cast skin, about 6 mm., from the type of Epyris atavellus. The serrula, shown in the figure, is about 70 pw long. I concluded that this could go in Garypus, and, sending a copy of my figures to Dr. N. Banks, am informed by him that, so far as these go, there is no reason for objecting to the reference. Among the species of Baltic amber there is a resemblance in the pedipalp to Olisium rathkit, Koch and Berendt, though in our Garypus the hand is conspicuously more attenuate. ; in the British Museum. 275 INSECTA. ORTHOPTERA. Pyenoscelus (?) gardneri, sp. n. (Blattide). Tegmen about 30 mm. long and 12 broad ; marginal field broad, with elevated and broadly rounded base, the width (depth) of the field near base 3 mm. ; subcosta and branches of radius very oblique ; subcosta running parallel with first branch of radius (its total length from base of tegmen 12-7 mm.), giving off a branch about 4°2 mm. from end, and another, rudimentary, one about 1°5 mm. earlier; radius with very numerous superior branches, first simple, second and third with long forks, fourth with short fork, fifth with two long branches, sixth and seventh each with a long fork, the forked branches with long stems; radial sector arising about 11°5 mm. from base of tegmen ; media and cubitus between them with about nine principal branches, between which are conspicuous supplementary veins; cross-veins present. The inferior basal area of tegmen is lost. Bagshot Beds, Bournemouth (J. S. Gardner). British Museum, In. 19030. This agrees with the modern Pycnoscelus surinamensis (L.) in the broad marginal field, general size of tegmen, two- branched subcosta, general character of branches of radius, early origin of radial sector, and numerous branches of media, with supplementary veins between. There are no visible differences which could possibly be regarded as of generic value ; but as we have only an incomplete tegmen, the generic reference must be considered provisioual. The amber Blattida are very different. Allopterites (gen. nov.) multilineatus, sp. n. (Gryllide). Lower wing as preserved 19 mm. long, but probable total length about 23 mm. Costa nearly straight ; subcosta, radius, and media running parallel below it, the intervals between them less than the width of the veins; media giving off very numerous (many more than in Gryllus) oblique brauches, which are directed toward the apex of the wing ; all these veins are ferruginous as preserved, and ‘the branches of the media are obliquely crossed by numerous (four in 2 mm.) continuous veins of the same colour, directed upward and outward (like the cross-veins in Mantoida), forming angles of about 45° with the branches. These oblique cross-veins abruptly cease at the lowest branch 19% 276 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Fossil Arthropods of media, and do not pass on to the cubitus. There are six or more anals close together at base, as in Gryllus. Bagshot Beds, Bournemouth (J. §. Gardner). British Museum, In. 19032. This singular but imperfect wing certainly appears to belong to the Gryllide, not very far from Gryllus, but it will easily be known by the peculiar markings. HOMOPTERA. Hammapteryx anglica, sp. n. (Fulgoride). Anterior wing about 15 mm. long and 7 broad, without markings. Costa strongly arched, the costal area deep (2 mm. near base), crossed by numerous (about five in 2 mm.) simple veins arising from the subcosta, the first few practically vertical, the others oblique ; radius emitting the sector very near (about 2 mm. from) base, as in Scolypopa, the sector forking about 3 mm. from its origin; media complex, branching very near base, the upper branch forking 2 mm. - beyond level of fork of radial sector, the lower branch forking at same level as fork of radial sector, and the lower division of this again forking. ‘The radius follows a straight course until it reaches the apical third of wing, when it is deflected downward. In the apical third of wing the parallel veins are extremely numerous, about eight in 2 mm. Bagshot Beds, Bournemouth (J. S. Gardner). British Museum, I. 15030. Differs from typical Hammapteryx (North American. Eocene) by the broader costal area, but appears to be con- generic. In. 19031, from the same locality and collector, appears to be the same species, but is too imperfect for positive identifi- cation. HYMENOPTERA. Epyris atavellus, sp. n. (Bethylide). (Fig. 2.) 3 .—Length a little over 3 mm. Black, with the legs dark reddish fuscous. Head oblong, longer than broad; antenne 13-jointed, extending beyond tegule, thick basally, more slender in middle, but broad though flattened apically ; second antenne joint very short, 50 w long, third 130 w long. Prothorax very long, distance from tegule to base of head almost or quite equal to length of head ; thorax not robust, metathorax long. Wings hyaline, in the British Museum. 277 stigma and nervures reddish, the stigma dark; marginal cell open at end, discoidal nervure represented by a stump. Anterior and middle legs ordinary, but hind femora strongly swollen basally. Abdomen fusiform, not very long. Epyris atavellus, sp. nu. A. Anterior wing. B. Base of antenna. C. Prothorax, D. Hind femur. Burmese amber, from R. C. J. Swinhoe. In a large slab, 10 mm. from outer margin of obtuse corner of broader end. This appears to belong to that group of Hpyris which has sometimes been referred to Mesztius, but it is a smaller insect, with much longer prothorax, than H. deletus, Brues, from the Florissant Miocene. Hpyris, taken in the broader sense, is a very large genus, still abundant in most parts of the world, especially in tropical regions. ‘he larve are parasitic on Coleoptera. Ccophylla bartoniana, sp. n. (Formicidae). Anterior wing 12°3 mm. long. Marginal cell very narrow ; lower section of basal nervure longest ; submarginal cell with its apical angle about a right angle. The following measurements are in w :—Upper section of basal nervure 640; lower section of basal nervure 800; lower end of basal nervure to transverso-medial 1200; greatest depth of submarginal cell 1250, Bagshot Beds (Bartonian), Bournemouth (J. S. Gardner). British Museum, In. 19036. Very closely allied to @. perdita, Ckll., from the Oligocene at Gurnet Bay, but the transverso-medial nervure is much nearer the basal. 278 On Fossil Arthropods in the British Museum. Formica heteroptera, sp. n. (Formicidae). Anterior wing about 13°5 mm. long; submarginal cell 2 mm. Marginal cell extremely narrow, formed as in Colobopsis stricta. (Jerdon) ; submarginal cell small and narrow ; discoidal cell quadrate, higher than long. The following measurements are in w#:— Width (depth) of marginal cell 352; upper portion of basal nervure 480; lower section of basal nervure (which is arched, and not in a straight line with upper portion) 960; discoidal cell on submarginal about 560; lower end of basal to transverso-medial 1120; greatest depth of submarginal cell (at level of end of discoidal) about 800. The terminal section of the medius is strongly arched. Bagshot Beds, Bournemouth (J. S. Gardner). British Museum, In. 19033. The reverse is labelled In. 18587, and should come from Creech according to the accompanying list, but this is evidently an error. This is a very singular species, combining the characters of Colobopsis and Formica, but in some respects different from both. When better known it may prove referable to a distinct genus. I do not know the venation of the genus Glaphyromyrmex, Wheeler, from Baltic amber. Megapterites (gen. nov.) mirabilis, sp. n. (Pseudosiricide). (Fig. 3.) So far as the anterior wing shows, the genus is similar to Formicium, Westwood, but the first marginal cell is much Fig. 3. Megapterites mirabilis. higher than long, much narrowed above, bell-shaped ; the anterior and posterior sides of second discoidal cell are not nearly parallel; the transverso-medial has its lower end a little basad of the upper (compare Teredon) ; the vein M, leaves setond discoidal cell near the lower end of its outer side, and is distinctly arched, as in many ants. The second On a new Three-toed Jerboa from China. 279 submarginal cell is very long and narrow, and the marginal cell appears to be open, as in all Pseudosiricide. Length of wing as preserved 45 mm., probable total length at least 50 mm. Basal nervure falling just short of transverso-medial ; lower section of basal nervure arched, 5 mm. long, forming nearly a right angle with the upper section, as in Formicium, the upper section 2 mm. long ; first discoidal cell 5 mm. long ; second 5°5 mm. on upper side and 8 on lower; second sub- marginal cell about 6 mm. long and hardly 2 mm. wide; marginal cell about 2°4 mm. wide (deep), the marginal nervure (radial sector) perfectly straight. The cubital nervure diverges from the marginal, so that 10 mm. beyond end of second submarginal cell they are 4°3 mm. apart. Bagshot Beds, Bournemouth (J. S. Gardner). British Museum, I. 2596, with reverse. Related to Formicium, Westwood, from the Lower Purbeck at Durdlestone Bay. Handlirsch treats Formictum as a synonym of Pseudosirex, but it is clearly a distinct genus. XXXVII.—A new Three-toed Jerboa from China. By ARTHUR DE Care Sowersy, F.Z.S., F.R.G.S. In a collection of mammals presented by Mr. J. D. de La Touche to the British Museum are two specimens of a three-toed jerboa belonging to the genus Dzpus, which were collected by Mr. A. L. Hall at Chih-feng in North-eastern Chihli on or near the Mongolian border. They represent a form closely related to Dipus sowerbyi, originally described by Mr. Oldfield Thomas * from specimens collected by myself in the Yu-lin-fu district on the border of the Ordos Desert, some 500 miles to the south-west of Chih-feng ; but since they present diffe- rences in cranial and body measurements, as well as a slight variation in colour, and having regard to their geographical distribution, they may be considered as belonging to a distinct species, which, in view of the fact that he was the original collector, I propose to name after Mr. Hall :— Inpus halli, sp. n. In size this new species is somewhat larger than D. sow- erbyi, which in turn was described as being larger than * Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. ii. (Sept. 1908). 280 On a new Three-toed Jerboa from China. D. sagitta and D.-deasyi, B.-Ham. The type-specimen of D. halli, measured in the flesh, was 5’ or 127 mm., while the largest specimen of D. sowerbyi in the British Museum collection, measured in the flesh, was 117 mm., the type- specimen measuring 116 mm. ‘The tail, as judged from the second of the two specimens, that of the type being imperfect, is about equal to that of D. sowerbyi., Other measurements were not made in the flesh, but from a comparison of thie dried speciniens a noticeable difference appears in the relative lengths of the hind feet, that of D. halli being some 5 mm. shorter than in the type-specimen of D. sowerbyi. The ear, as far as can be judged, is about the same length in the two forms. In colour and markings D. halli may be said to be as in D. sowerby?, except that the general shade of the upper parts is less buffy and more drab; but it must be stated in this connection that one specimen of D. sowerbyi in the British Museum collection comes very near to D. halli in the drabbiness of its colour. General colour drab-fawn on thie head and back, shading to buff-fawn on the sides; outer surface of thighs rich buffy, as in D. sowerby7; tail in second specimen much worn, but apparently much as in D. sowerbyi —1. ¢., ‘ buffy or pale fawn above, white below ; the terminal half-inch white, the blackish band preceding it about three- quarters of an inch in length.” The whole of the under surface, together with the fore legs, inner surface of thighs, hind feet below the heel, and rump-streak white. Skull—Larger, longer, and with smaller bulle than in D, sowerbyi, the nasals also being distinctly longer and slightly broader. In reference to this last characteristic, it may be stated that the muzzle of D. sowerbyi was described as broader than in J). deasyi. Otherwise the skull of our new species agrees very much with that of D. sowerbyt. Dimensions of type :— Head and body 127 mm. (5'’); tail (imperfect) ; hind foot (measured in dried specimen) 60; ear (measured in dried specimen) 18. Skull: greatest length 37; basilar length 28:2; greatest breadth 24:2; nasals 15; breadth of muzzle 5:9; palatilar length 22; palatal foramina 6x3; length of upper tooth- row (molars only) 5°8. Hab. Chih-teng, N.E. Chihli, N. China. Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 19.12. 22.15. Kept in captivity, died and skinned Dec. 1916. Collected by Mr. A. L. Hall, presented by Mr. J. D. de La Touche. Two specimens. The two specimens were taken by Mr. Hall some time in On a new Gecko and a new Snake from Sumatra. 281 1915, and were given to Mr. La Touche, who kept them alive in captivity till December 1916. Unfortunately confinement somewhat damaged the specimens, their hair becoming unduly worn, especially on the tails and hind feet. Nevertheless, I think there can be no doubt about their representing a distinct species. The area in which they were collected is divided from the Ordos Desert, the home of Dipus sowerbyi, by a wide stretch of country occupied more or less by moun- tains and hills, often of a well-wooded nature, where no form of jerboa exists. The discovery of this form in North-eastern Chibhli marks a further eastward extension of the known range of Dipus by another 500 miles, and it is possible that it extends even further to the extreme eastern edge of the Mongolian desert, where that country comes into contact with Manchuria. 4 XXXVIII.— Descriptions of a new Gecko and a new Snake Srom Sumatra. By G. A. BouLENGER, F.R.S. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) A SMALL collection made by Mr. C. J. Brooks, the discoverer of the remarkable Bornean Dyscophid frog Colpoglossus brooksit, described in these ‘Annals’ in 1904, in Sumatra between 1912 and 1917, and presented.by him to the British Museum, contains examples of the following species, some of which (marked with an asterisk) have not been recorded from Sumatra before :— BATRACHIANS: Ichthyophis glutinosus, L., Bufo jerboa, Blgr.*, Rhacophorus leucomystax, Gravenh. REPTILES: Gecko stentor, Cant., Gecko brooksii, sp. n.*, Ptychozoon homalocephalum, Crev., P. horsfieldii, Gray *, Draco obscurus, Blgr.*, Mabuia rugifera, Stol., Lygosoma vittigerum, Blgr.*, Typhlops nigroalbus, D. & B., Xenopeltis unicolor, Reinw., Tropidonotus trianguligerus, Boie, T. con- spicillatus, Gthr., Lyeodon albofuscus, D. & B., Coluber mela- nurus, Schleg., Dendrophis pictus, Gm., Simotes purpurascens, Schleg., S. octolineatus, Schn., Calamaria alide, sp. n.*, Nata tripudians, var. leucodira, Blzgr. The locality is Lebong Tandai in Benkoelen. Geeko brooksii, sp. n. Body elougate; head once and three-fourths as long as 282 Ona new Gecko and a new Snake from Sumatra. broad; ear-opening very small, round; limbs bordered by dermal folds; digits strongly dilated, fully half-webbed. Rostral twice as broad as deep, without median cleft, entering the nostril; three nasals, the upper separated from its fellow by a single small shield; 11 upper labials to below the centre of the eye, first entering the nostril; symphysial smaller than the adjacent labials; no chin-shields, small polygonal flat scales passing gradually into the minute gular granules. Upper parts with uniform flat granules, which are very small on the snout and minute on tlre back of the head, the body, and the limbs; ventral scales larger, subimbricate. Male with a long uninterrupted series of 40 preanal and femoral pores (21-19). ‘l'ail somewhat flattened, with small granules above and larger flat scales beneath, divided into segments and defined on each side by a large tuylangular projecting scale. Pale greyish brown above, with brown dots crowded together to form five festooned bars across the body ; lower parts white. mm Brom) snout, to wens. he Af eeeeee 58 - i 0) gS ETN) Oh a 5 Se 19 lead: 2:siraw eic Gleason OL Ea 14 Waadthcot head 4ieuhan «Abiotic 8 Horedimbs.a.ivae oe Ae eee 14 Hind: lambs ge ats ee Oh eas eee 19 alow eee are cd ee Pte oe a sae tei 46 A single male specimen. Two species with half-webbed toes were previously known —Gecko palmatus, Blgr., from the Man Son Mountains, Tonkin, and G. rhacophorus, Blgr., from Mount Kina Balu, Borneo. The former differs in the larger, broader head and the presence of chin-shields and of scattered enlarged tubercles on the back, the latter in the same characters and in the remarkable scalloped membrane along the side of the body and the very different shape of the tail. Calamaria alide, sp. n. Rostral as deep as broad, the portion visible from above one-half its distance from the frontal, which is longer than broad, twice as broad as the supraocular, and shorter than the parietals ; no preocular, one postocular ; 5 upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, the diameter of which nearly equals its distance from the mouth; symphysial in contact with the anterior chin-shields. 13 rows of scales. Ventrals 196 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 23. ‘Tail rounded at On Two new Asiatic Bats. 2383 the end. Blackish above, with an orange vertebral streak, one scale in width, broken up into three elongate spots on the anterior part of the body, and a pale greyish brown streak on each side; these streaks becoming less distinct on the poste- rior part of the body; a yellow spot on each of the scales forming the two outer series on each side; ventrals yellow, with a dark brown spot at each end, these spots forming a lateral streak ; lower half of upper labials yellow; a dark brown streak between the two series of subcaudals on the second half of the tail. Total length 220 mm. ; tail 20 mm. A single specimen. Near C. sumatrana, Edeling, which differs in the presence of a preocular, in the pointed tail, in the lower number of ventral shields, and in the coloration. Named in memory of the late Mrs. Brooks, who helped her husband in collecting in Sumatra. XXXIX.—Two new Asiatic Bats of the Genera Tadarida and Dyacopterus. By OLDFIELD THOMAS. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) THE subjects of the two following descriptions have been recently presented to the National Museum by their respective collectors. Tadarida latouchet, sp. n. Allied to T. teniotis, but conspicuously smaller. General characters of TZ. teniotts. Colour above near “clove-brown,” the hairs whitish at base, their extreme tips pale drab, forming a prominent light ticking. Under surface scarcely paler, the hairs of chin and throat brown to their tips, those of chest and belly light-tipped like those of the back. ars in general structure like those of teniotis, but smaller; internal basal keel scarcely thickened externally, well fringed with hair; tragus smaller than in tendotis, about of the same shape, its antero-internal corner with a well- marked tuft. [This description of the ears, being based on dried skins, will no doubt need revision when spirit-specimens are available. | Skull very similar in shapg to that of tenzotis, but markedly 284 Mr. O. Thomas on smaller ; not so flattened as in many of the African species. Small anterior premolar well developed, its cross-section about equalling that of the upper incisor. Lower incisors six In number, Dimensions of the type (barely adult) :— Forearm 56°5 mm. Head and body 76 ; tail 43; ear 23; third finger, meta- carpal 53, first phalanx 20°5, second phalanx 18. Skull: greatest length 21°7 ; condylo-basal length 21:2 ; zygomatic breadth 12°2 ; interorbital breadth 4:2; mastoid breadth 12; palato-sinual length 7-1; front of canine to back of m? 8, front of p* to back of m? 4°9. Hab. N.E. Chibli, China. Type from Chin-wang-tao, on the sea-coast. Type. Young adult male (basilar suture not quite closed). B.M. no. 19.12. 22.2. Collected 9th September, 1917, and presented by J. D. La Touche, Esq. ‘Two specimens. This is by far the greatest north-eastward occurrence of the genus Tadarida, the nearest locality recorded being that of the TJ. tenzotzs obtained by Swinhoe at Amoy. Another specimen of the latter, captured at sea in the Formosa Channel, has also been presented to us by Mr. La Touche. This species, which I have much pleasure in naming after its discoverer, is readily distinguished from 7. teniotis by its smaller size, as gauged by its smaller skull and smaller teeth. The second species is a fruit-bat belonging to the genus Dyacopterus, hitherto only known from the type-specimen of D. spadiceus of Borneo. ‘The latter was a skin with broken ears, no palate-ridges, and imperfect skull, so that Mr. Brooks’s perfect specimen, preserved in spirit, is of special value. It proves to be of a species very closely allied to, but different from, D. spadiceus, and may be called Dyacopterus brookst, sp. n. Near D. spadiceus, but larger and more uniformly coloured. Size greater than in spadiceus, the skull being larger and bulkier in all dimensions, though the forearm is but little longer. Ears short, narrow, pointed, the anterior margin evenly convex, the posterior nearly straight. Neck-tufts not more developed in the male dbrooksi than it is in the female spadiceus, little darker than the yellowish fur surrounding it. . Edge of upper lips with prominent warts; pad at tip of lower . Two new Asiatic Bats. 285 lips divided in centre. Palate-ridges numerous, closely set, about 17-19 in number, but irregular, not quite corresponding on the two sides; the posterior half of them divided in the centre by a median groove; their pattern widely different. from that of any species of the Cynopturus group, or, indeed, any other figured in Anderson’s Catalogue, but most re- sembling—allowing for the wide difference in number—those ot Nyctimene cyclotis (p. 687), though all are equally bowed, instead of there being one or more straight ones anteriorly. Colour very like that of D. spadiceus, brown above and on the sides, dull whitish on the chest and belly. Yellowish area on shoulders of rather larger extent. But the face is not so markedly blackened. Skull larger and heavier throughout than in spadiceus, the zygomatic spread especially netable. Supraorbital foramina similarly minute. Canines long and strongly grooved. — Posterior basal ledges of all teeth rather less developed than in the allied species. Height of premolars greater. Dimensions of the type (a spirit-specimen) :— Forearm 82 mm. Head and body 118; tail 18; ear 19x10; third finger, metacarpal 58, first phalanx 38, second phalanx 47; lower leg and hind foot (c. u.) 48. : , Skull: greatest length 40°2; condylo-basal length 37 ; zygomatic breadth 27-4; orbit to nares 9°2; interorbital breadth 8°6 ; across postorbital processes 15-7 ; intertemporal breadth 6°6; mastoid breadth 16; palatal length 20°5; maxillary tooth-row 14:2. Hab. Lebong Tandai, Upper Ketaun River, about 100 miles north of Bencoolen, Sumatra. Type. Adult male in alcohol. B.M. no. 20. 1. 15.1. Collected and presented by Cecil J. Brooks, Esq. Considering that in the Cynopturus group, so far as we know, there is practically no difference in size between the sexes, the greater bulk of the Sumatran Dyacopterus appears to necessitate its distinction from the Bornean form. Its browner colour and less blackened head also lead to the same conclusion. Mr. Brooks is to be congratulated on his discovery of this interesting fruit-bat, the second specimen and first male ever recorded of the genus Dyacopterus. 286 Mr. L. B. Prout on new XL.—New Moths in the Joicey Collection. By Louis B. Prout, F.E.S. Family Arctiidae. 1. Utethetsa dorsifumata, sp. n. 3 ? .—38-42 mm. Decidedly larger on an average than pulchelloides, Hmpsn., further differing as follows :— Head more ochreous (less mixed with white). Abdomen dorsally with strong smoky suffusions. Fore wing with the black lines macular, but strongly thickened, the spots usually in part confluent ; a characteristic longitudinal black white-ringed spot behind the end of M and the base of M’; red spots more quadrate in form, more completely (though very slenderly) dark-edged ; terminal black spots more consistently and uniformly continued across cilia. Hind wing of ¢ with a black-grey streak (1 or 2 mm. in length) along middle part of the ridge which overhangs the inner-marginal pocket ; hair-pencil apparently less developed and whiter; discal mark in both sexes varying in develop- ment (strong to obsolescent), perhaps stronger in the ? than in the ¢; apical border rather broad ; hamate patch with its posterior edge longer than its anterior, produced to a proximal point on or just behind M’; dark terminal markings between fold and tornus better developed. Fore wing beneath with the white parts suffused with smoke-colour, except for a clear patch at and sometimes beyond end of cell. Hind wing beneath with the dark markings enlarged. Angi Lakes, Arfak Mtns., North Dutch New Guinea, 6000 tt., Jan—Feb. 1914 (4., C., & F. Pratt); 386, ae ae ak The increase of black more recalls sa/omonis, Rthschd., and ruberrima, Rthschd., but they have both more nearly the g antenna of pectinata, Hmpsn. The group still needs careful revision on extensive material, but the present species is sufficiently outstanding. Family Hypside. 2. Nyctemera pellex pervecta, subsp. n. 3 3 —37-41 mm. On an average smaller than the other races of pellea, Linn., Moths in the Joicey Collection. 287 but distinguished at once by having the large roundish or oval discal patch of the fore wing prolonged into a band which reaches the costal margin (except for a brown line along the costal margin itself) and also reaches SM?, some- times continuing to the hind margin. This band varies in width and exact shape, but may always be characterized as sinuous-edged proximally, projecting in middle distally, and more or less attenuated posteriorly. Proximal hind-marginal white patch of fore wing reduced or almost wanting, proximal white spot in cell occasionally (as also in other races) minute or obsolete. Tenimber Islands: Yamdena (W. J. C. Frost), type 3, allotype ?, and others in coll. Joicey. Also in coll. Tring Museum. 3. Nystemera albipuncta zoilides, subsp. n. ¢ .—36 mm. Head and body as in a. albipuncta, Druce (P. Z. S. 1888, . 573). . Fore wing with the subbasal white patch wanting, that in the middle of the wing much reduced, forming a roundish spot of less than 3. mm. diameter, anteriorly reaching middle of cell, posteriorly just crossing M?; all the submarginal spots reduced, the second and fourth thus becoming mere dots. Hind wing with the black costal border uniform, reaching SC; distal border broadened, the contained white spots some- what reduced. Rook Is., Aug. 1913 (A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Joicey. The mimetic resemblance to the Rook Island form of Tellervo zoilus, Cram., is rather striking. 4, Pericopis tricolor albisarta, subsp. n. ? .—74-80 mm. Fore wing with the oblique pale transverse band and the half-band beyond it both well-developed and very white, only anteriorly and at extreme edges powdered with dark scales, vein M! between them scarcely bordered by any dark irroration. Hind wing with an additional patch of very pale yellow scales at end of cell, of which ¢. tricolor, Sulz. (Gesch. Ins. t. xxii. fig. 5), shows no trace. Bolivia: Mapiri (type); Prov. del Sara (paratype). 288 Mr. L. B. Prout on new 5. Phaloé isosoma, sp. n. 9 .—56 mm. Head black, spotted with white, conspicuous being a more or less triangular white spot at each corner of face, the upper pair the larger ; postorbital rim white. Palpus black, some- what marked with white near base; third joint elongate. Antenna black, the pectinations about as long as diameter of shaft. Thorax above brown-black, anteriorly dotted with white. Abdomen above and beneath white, with narrow dark segmental rings, an ill-defined, interrupted, narrow median dorsal stripe and a rather less narrow lateral one. Legs longitudinally striped black and white. Fore wing brown-black, not quite opaquely scaled ; veins black ; a red line or narrow streak from base in front of C, about 8 mm. in length; an oblique pale band from costa before middle running in direction of tornus, but ending at fold, white at costal end, otherwise pale brownish grey, sub- translucent; a subtranslucent (but whiter) subapical patch from SC® to near R*, narrowing posteriorly. Hind wing with M? stalked with R*, as in patula, Walk., trotschi, Druce, veronia, Druce, etc., but not in the geno- type; predominantly white, becoming translucent in end of cell and outwards, from R}! to behind M? (possibly here rubbed, but quite uniform on the two wings) ; a small slight dark basal patch; a black distal border of about 5 mm. breadth, slightly broader apically and narrower near tornus, its proximal border slightly crenulate, especially in posterior half; a minute white terminal mark between SC? and R', extending on to the fringes. Fore wing beneath with the red costal streak rather broader and brighter, proximally slightly underlined with white on C ; median band white ; subapical patch nearly as above ; a white streak behind cell, interrupted near base and not reaching base of M?; a white terminal spot between the medians. Hind wing beneath white, with the subtrans- lucent patch as above ; veins somewhat blackened, especially C and SC and the space between them prior to their diver- gence; black border as above, but with the spot between SC? and R? rather larger, an abdominal white terminal spot about M? and a very fine white terminal line between fold and SM?. Chanchamayo, EH. Peru. Near patula, Walk. (List Lep. Ins. ii. p. 349), distin- euished by the red costal streak, the central band of fore wing Moths in the Jotcey Collection. 289 more oblique, shadowy, not yellow, border of the hind wing narrower, anal end of abdomen (from seventh somite) not blackened. Perhaps, as in that species, the colour of the hind wing may vary between yellow and white. 6. Asota talboti, nom. nov. Asota intermedia, Joicey and Noakes, Trans, Ent. Soc. Lond. 1915, p. 197, t. xxi. fig. 8 (nec Rthschd.) (Biak). My attention has been drawn to the fact that the name of intermedia is preoccupied in this genus by Asota plana inter- media, Kthschd., Nov. Zool. iv. p. 359 (1897). I have therefore pleasure in renaming it after my friend Mr. Talbot, who I understand worked out its distinctions for the authors. 7. Cerura ejecta, sp. n. 3 .—40 mm. Face black. Head whitish. Antennal pectinations dark brown. Thorax and underside of abdomen ochreous whitish, abdomen above mixed white and black (largely abraded). Legs largely whitish, fore leg and tarsi partly darkened. Fore wing thinly scaled; dirty white, with pinkish reflec- tions ; anteriorly (on C or between © and SC’) with black dots and dash, the latter occupying approximately the second fifth of C; transverse markings (and in posterior part of wing a little irroration) fuscous ; antemedian line obsolescent, best develope in cell; orbicular and reniform stigmata white, very ill-defined, finely and incompletely outlined, the former accompanied proximally by a longitudinal blackish-fuscous mark ; median line double, slightly dentate outwards on veins, arising from the distal edge of orbicular and proximal edge of reniform, incurved between M? and SM?, darker behind M?, reaching hind margin well beyond middle ; post- median rather thicker and stronger, more deeply incurved behind M? (consequently here approaching the median), then oblique outwards to hind margin near tornus; traces of a fine and incomplete duplicating line distally to and parallel with postmedian ; subterminal line also nearly parallel with these, but formed of interneural wedges (anteriorly), dash (between R* and R*) or dots (posteriorly), the dot between R® and M’* and two nearly at tornus being large; termen with interneural wedges pointing inwards. Hind wing white, at abdominal margin smoky; a smoky mark on termen and fringe between M? and SM’. Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. v. 20 290 Mr. L. B. Prout on new Underside similarly but more weakly marked, only the fore wing with large costal spots. . Key Is., Jan.—March, 1916 (W. J. C. Frost). Excepting the large white species of the australis group, in which SC? of the fore wing arises from the (rather large) areole, this is the first far-eastern species of the genus known tome. Areole small, SC? arising from stalk of SC*~5, as in European and N.-American species. The hind wing has a weak connecting-bar between C and SC, but I believe this is here, as elsewhere, inconstant ; SC?*-R’ well-stalked. Family Geometrida. Subfamily @woczrourz. 8. Humelea rosalia marginata, subsp. n. 3 ¢.—Differs from rosalia rosalia, Stoll (Pap. Exot. iv. t. 368 E, Amboina), in having the apex of the fore wing to a width of about 3 mm. clear yellow without rosy irroration and the entire termen more narrowly yellow, though with some irroration or strigulation; apex of hind wing also narrowly clear yellow. The 2 is more mixed with yellow than any of the gg, though the latter show variation in this respect. Soela Is., June, July, September 1918 (W. J. C. Frost) ; 6 go S (including the type) and 1 ? (allotype) in coll. Joicey. Also 26g, 2 2 2 from Soela Mangoli, Oct-Nov. 1897 (W. Doherty), in coll. Tring Museum. Stoll’s very unsatisfactory figure shows very narrowly yellow apices, and the transverse lines obliterated; I have not seen similar examples, though occasional aberrations from Celebes and other localities do show a tendency to become yellow apically, thus foreshadowing the peculiarity which becomes racial in the Soela Islands. Subfamily Heurryermz. 9. Pingasa floridivenis, sp. n. 9 .—49 mm. Head ochreous, with the upper part of the face black. Palpus with third joint slightly longer than second ; greyish ochreous, the first and second joints broadly and the third joint proximally more narrowly white beneath. Thorax above bright ochreous, beneath whitish. Abdomen above whitish irrorated with olive-grey and ochreous, the latter Moths in the Joicey Collection. 291 forming bright but slightly interrupted bands posteriorly on the segments; crests light greyish ochreous ; sides of base blackish ; underside white. Fore and middle legs largely blackened, the femur and part of tibia remaining white on outer sides; hind leg whiter, but irrorated or clouded with grey, Fore wing broad; SC? wanting (sport?) ; white, irrorated with olive-grey and very sparsely with black, the proximal and distal areas also with bright ochreous, the veins in these areas broadly, in the median area very slenderly, bright ochreous; an ill-defined blackish band or shade close to base, not reaching costa; antemedian line thick, black, at little beyond one-fourth, very gently curved, at M and SM? very slightly dentate inwards; median area more olivaceous costally and with long, not very strong, olive-grey cell-mark ; postmedian line black, from beyond two-thirds costa to about three-fitths hind margin, strongly dentate outwards on most of the veins, feebly so on SM?, nearest the termen at R® and the medians, retracted behind M?; subterminal white line distinct between M? and hind margin, running obliquely towards tornus, very. faint in the rest of its course; some ill-defined whitish dots to termen. Hind wing with subbasal shade slight, antemedian line wanting, no ochreous proximal area ; hairs of median area _ bright ochreous; postmedian line finer than on fore wing, otherwise similar ; distal area nearly as on fore wing. Underside dirty white, with rather broad black borders containing large white terminal spots, so that the black only runs to the termen between the radials, around M? (in both these places more narrowly on hind wing), and at tornus ; base, especially at costa, bright yellow; fore wing with a vather large dark discal mark. A’koon, Gold Coast, 17th Jan., 1919 (C. Harrison). The first-known African species of the genus to approach in colour P. venusta, Warr. The blackish subbasal markings also distinctive. 10. Gelasma(?) triplicifascia, Prout, 2. My type g, described in Wytsman’s ‘ Genera Insectorui,’ fase. 129, p. 149 (1912), from asingle somewhat damaged ¢ in the British Museum, has hitherto remained unique. A 9? from T'ananarive, recently acquired by Mr. Joicey, is some- what larger (33 mm,), rather broader-winged, the termen slightly more waved, that of the fore wing a little more con- vex (compare the sexual difference in G. spumata, Warr., and 20* 292 On new Moths in the Joicey Collection. other allies), otherwise quite similar to the g. Its fresher condition allows me to add, however, that the ground-colour is really white with green irroration and the bands grey- green, and that the abdomen has two small brown ee spots. ‘The antenna is serrate and the palpus is short, thus aberrant for the genus. 11. Gelasma versicauda, sp. n. & .—43-47 mm. . Larger than protrusa, Butl. Face deeper black (less tinged with red), Palpus with third joint rather shorter, though not quite as short as in ¢litwrata, Walk. Fore wing darker, bluer green; terminal line and dots obsolete ; proximal part of fringe less tinged with reddish— dark grey with vaguely darker spots opposite the veins. Hind wing with tail longer than in protrusa, directed rather markedly outward—i. e., with tle posterior half of the distal margin (from tornus to tip of tail) comparatively straight ; concolorous with fore wing ; terminal line fine and weak or almost obsolete ; fringe nearly as on fore wing, the proximal dark part rather narrow, the pale distal (whitish ochreous) part ample. Koshun, Formosa. Type and another in coll. Joicey; also in Coll. Tring Museum from the same locality. Subfamily Gzouzrrivz. 12. Amnemopsyche charmione lufira, subsp. n. o ?.—39-41 mm. On an average smaller than c¢. charmione, Fab., from W. Africa. Fore wing with the white markings in general reduced, much more shaded with orange, which broadly borders the discal band and almost entirely fills the subapical spot; discal band continued almost to hind margin, confluent proxi- mally with the yellowish hind-marginal streak from base. Hind wing with the black border continued narrowly along abdominal margin, invaded by asmall orange projection from the ground-colour between fold and SM’; orange subterminal spot between R* and M* generally small. Congo Free State; Lufira River, affluents Kikura and Buluo Rivers, near Likasi Copper Mines, 4000 ft., 28th Feb.— 15th April, 1919; 5 @ g,19 (7. A. Barns). On Odonata from Mesopotamia. 293 Family Uraniida. 13. Acropteris parvidentata moluccana, subsp. n. 3 2 .—47-53 mm. Distinguished from D. parvidentata, Warr. (Nov. Zool. iv. p. 199, Lombok and Cstsbaay, as follows :— Fore wing with the costal edge more weakly and minutely dotted, the dots in general wanting entirely from middle to near apex; particularly noticeable is the great reduction of the apical dots. The double lines from hind margin towards apex generally remaining well separated at the point at which they fade out near apex. Both wings with the markings on an average slightly greyer than in p. parvidentata, the terminal line in the typical (Obi) form obsolescent or strongly interrupted, but much better developed in that from the S. Moluccas, which might perhaps be again separated racially. Obi, July-September, 1918 (W. J. C. Frost); 4 3 od (in- cluding type) and 1 ¢ in coll. Joicey. Also from Amboina, Ceram, and Gisser Island (near Ceram), in coll. div. XLI.—Odonata collected in Mesopotamia by the late Major hk. Brewitt- Taylor, R.A.M.C. By Kenneta J. Morton, F.E.S. [Plate XIV.] Just after the completion of my notes on ‘Odonata from Mesopotamia ” (‘ Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine,’ 3rd ser. vol. v. pp. 143-151, 183-196, 1919), Dr. Gahan kindly gave me the welcome opportunity of examining another large collection of these insects from the same region, brought together by the late Major R. Brewitt-Taylor, R.A.M.C., presented to the British Museum by Mrs. Brewitt-Taylor. Major Brewitt-Taylor was apparently a novice as far as dragon-flies were concerned, but he had taken up the subject with a rare enthusiasm and with some originality, and his notes and descriptions made from the living insects gave promise of better things if he had been spared to continue the work. Preservation of the striking colours of the living insects had evidently been one of his chief aims, and in this he succeeded in quite a marked degree, to this end a large number of his captures having been carefully eviscerated. As a result of this treatment, for example in the case of 294 Mr. K. J. Morton on Lindenia tetraphylla, quite a different conception of what the insect is like is given when a prepared specimen is compared with the usual dried ones. But for the reason above men- tioned the characteristic parts of the second abdominal seg- ment in the male and the valvula vulvz in the female have not been regarded, and have been sometimes completely removed or obliterated. In point of number of species, Major Brewitt-Taylor’s captures are less extensive than the combined collections previously dealt with, and only one additional species falls to be noticed, namely the wide-spread Pantala flavescens, which was rather unexpectedly wanting in the collections of Captain Evans and Captain Buxton. All are from Basra and Amara, the bulk of them being from the former locality, and the time covered comparatively short, the extreme dates being 6th May to 14th August, 1916. A good series, in excellent preservation as to colour, of the small Crocothemis, which 1 had previously referred to C. erythrea, leads me to consider the Mesopotamian insect as distinct from that species, although decidedly belonging to the C. erythrea group. In the following list, to save undue multiplication of dates when the number of examples is large, each month has been divided into three equal parts, only the first and the last date in each part being quoted. Dr. Gahan, in forwarding the dragon-flies, also communi- eated Major Brewitt-Taylor’s note-book, from which I have made a number of extracts relating to the habits and the colours of the living insects. These are not only of interest and of use, but their preservation in this form may also serve as a small tribute to tie memory of the collector. Ischnura evanst, Morton. ig) 18.015 3-2 9. 9 5 9-15 y,)\( Basra), Apparently not separated by the cottector from the following species. Ischnura bukharensis, Bartenef. 63, 8-9-13-26. v., 14. vi.; 9 9 2, 8-9, 11-13, 25- 26. v., 4. vi. (Basra). Six of the females of the orange form; three without orange, having the lower part of the thorax pruinose, one of them with imperfect black shoulder-stripes. Stated to be very common on banks of streams, and that both sexes come to light at night. Odonata from Mesopotamia. 295 Lindenia tetraphylla, Lind. 11 og, 12 2 2, 6-9. v., 13-15. v., 25-31. v., 1-5. vi. (Amara). In life this is evidently a very remarkable-looking and beautiful insect. The long description of the adult male in the ‘Mon. des Gomphines,’ p. 559, is in some respects a little difficult to follow, and although there may be variation in the extent of the dark markings according to locality, it would appear to have been taken either from an exceptionally dark individual or from one in which the colours had de- teriorated. For example, the abdomen is stated to be blackish with obscure yellow markings, while in the diagnosis in the ‘Revue des Odonates,’ p. 102, the abdomen is described as yellow spotted with black laterally, which seems to be the normal condition. In fully mature specimens, pruinescence tends to obscure the dark brown or blackish markings, especially of the thorax. The male is stated by the collector to be searcer than the female. The following is a brief description compiled from the collector’s MS. notes on the living insect, combined with his prepared specimens. ‘'he female is taken as the model, as his remarks.on the male are comparative therewith. 2. General tint pale greenish marked with orange on the second and part of third abdominal segment. Vertex greenish, black anteriorly, which colour is con- tinued on the frons, forming a broad line produced slightly in the middle ; base of antennes greenish ; occiput yellow; frons (except as above), clypeus, labrum, genze, and labium shining whitish, mandibles darker shining black at apex. Back of head black, outer lower part, including greater part of the temples, yellowish. Eyes in life shining pale green inclined to bluish towards the lower surface. Pronotum mostly blackish, pale at the sides. -Thorax yellowish green, paler beneath, with dark brown or blackish markings ; two large median lines, broadest anteriorly, divided only by the median suture, and not quite reaching the anterior margin; ante- humeral lines in contact, or almost, with the median, a narrow pale space being thereby enclosed through the curvature of the median ; three lateral lines, one on each lateral suture and one between, the first widest in the middle and continued ventrad and caudad towards the middle one, which is inter- rupted and expands at the stigma, the third continued ventrad to near the hind coxa. Legs yellowish, femora with a long wedge-shaped black marking above, the middle pair with the trochanters and the femora on their inner surface blackish ; 296 Mr. K. J. Morton on tibiee and tarsi black, claws reddish with darker tips. Wings: costa yellow, pterostigma yellow bounded by black veins. Abdomen with dilated basal segments yellowish green ; 1st above mainly black from the presence of two large spots, a narrow dark anterior lateral line ; 2nd above with two rather broad widely-separated orange bands, darker anteriorly, running along the whole segment (and continued on the 3rd) and at the posterior margin continued ventrad alongside the similarly coloured anterior lateral margin of the 3rd. The general colour of the rest of the abdomen pale greenish or blue-green ; 3 to 6 with narrow dark markings at distal end, bearing projections on each side of the dorsal carina and with lateral linear cephalad prolongations thereof of somewhat varied intensity and length—these may be interrupted in the middle of the segment by a vertical streak ; 7th with two usually roughly triangular markings at distal end; 8th a large triangular marking covering greater part of dorsum and hardly divided on the carina; 9th somewhat similar; 1Oth more or less dingy, sometimes definitely brownish ; foliaceous expansions of 7th showing darker on distal portion. Appen- dages yellowish. Under surface of abdomen paler, with a black median line. 6. General tint darker bluish green. Differs from the 9 in the following :—Frons more bluish white ; occiput usually darker, tending to blackish at the sides. Eyes a little darker. Thorax bluish green. Pterostigma yellowish as a transparency, but becomes grey. Costa pale bluish. Dilated segments of abdomen not yellowish but blue-green like the rest of the abdomen, except under surface, which is paler ; the markings on the 2nd and 3rd segments appear to be coloured similarly to those on the other segments and not orange. Appendages blackish. Anormogomphus kiritshenkoi, Bartenef, 39,3 2 ¢, 3. vill. (Amara). Appears to have been taken also at Basra, but no specimens are included in thie collection. This curious little Gomphine is of a yellowish-green colour, becoming more decidedly yellow on the last four segments ; 7 to 9 are gradually slightly dilated. The eyes in life are stated to be yellow-green slightly darker at the upper poles ; when dry they become dark chocolate-brown. The ocelli very conspicuous; dark markings otherwise practically confined to brown streaks on the femora and sometimes on the tibise ; also usually two mostly quite small dots on thie Odonata from Mesopotamia. 297 dorsum of segments 2 to 6 or 7 towards their distal end, with traces of dark lines on the last segment in the male. Anax parthenope, Selys. 183 4,13 2 9, 24-31. v., 1-9. vi., 12-20. vi., 22-28. vi. (Basra). A fine series, of which all the males have the wings suffused more or less with yellowish on the distal two-thirds, some of them clearer at the tips. The females show two forms, those with hyaline wings and the base of the abdomen intensely blue, and others in which the blue generally is absent and replaced by a greenish colour, the wings in this form being tinted with brown of varying degrees of intensity, the brown colour increasing in depth distally and most conspicuous between the nodus and the distal end of the pterostigma but sometimes extending further, the apex, however, being usually clear. Ris (‘ Die schweizerischen Libellen,’ p. 28, 1885) says that in Switzerland there are two forms of the female: the one (probably younger examples) coloured very like the male, particularly with the base of the abdomen intensely blue, and the wings hyaline ; the other (probably comprising examples which have flown longer) is, with the exception of the black markings, uniformly yellow-brown, without blue at the base of the abdomen, and with the wings more or less, often very strongly, tinted with brown. ‘Thus, Ris seems to suggest that these two forms may be phases of the same thing, an explanation that does not appear to have been offered in con- nection with the blue and the green forms of the female in certain species of AZschna. Brewitt-Taylor in his notes evidently considered that there were two forms—one yellowish green with dark wings, another blue with hyaline wings or only with a trace of clouding. In his series none of those with intensely blue base of the abdomen appears to be old, so far favouring Ris’s view. However, Brewitt-Taylor states that he had seen coupled pairs in which the respective females were of the blue and the greenish-yellow form, so that the blue appears to be sexually mature. He records that on the evening of the 22nd June he “caught in all four yellow- green females and one blue.’’ These examples, I assume, are now before me, but it is difficult to gauge the extent to which the colours may have been affected by post-mortem changes. None of them can be considered very old ; the dark markings on the abdomen are chocolate-brown, not black. The ex- ample with hyaline wings has the base of the abdomen bright 298 Mr. K. J. Morton on blue; of two examples with the wings moderately tinted with brown one gives an impression that it may have been blue, the other is greenish; the other two, the oldest of the five, have the wings more strongly tinted and the colour greenish. Whether we have to do with two different forms or merely with a matter of age I do not venture to decide, but think there are most probably two forms. With regard to the habits of the species, Brewitt-Taylor writes: ‘‘'This species is not rare, but is very difficult to catch. I have never seen it settled. It is to be seen in the day flying rapidly in the palm swamps, but does not remain in any one spot. At sundown—about half an hour after sun- set—it can best be caught while hawking the little swarms of insects. It then often comes quite low down. Often a dozen or so can be seen together at a height of about 20 feet hawking amongst a group of gnats. This I have seen only at dusk.” In a later note he says: “On 24th June [ watched a yellow-green female ovipositing at 1.30. She settled on a reed or grass lying on the water and pushed her abdomen down sometimes quite 14 inches under water. [This explains why the females often have muddy bodies. | The frogs frequently attempted to catch her, but she was far too quick for them. , They approached cautiously towards her and snapped at her.’ [Re-examination of one of Evans’s Amara specimens (22. v.), which is evidently very young, clearly shows the beginning of the darker clouding, but it is not possible to say what the colour of the abdomen at the base may have been. When these large insects are at rest, the greenish form one would imagine would-be less conspicuous than the blue. Can it be that a less proportion of the latter reach mature age ? | Orthetrum sabina, Drury. 86 S,6 2 2, 7-11-81, v., 1-10. vi., 13-16. vi. (Basra). I may take occasion to refer again to this species when dealing with Odonata received from Captain Buxton, taken by him in N.W. Persia. Orthetrum trinacria, Selys. 28,1 2,5. vii. (Amara). Crocothemis erythrea chaldeorum, subsp. n. Crocothemis erythrea, Morton, E. M. M., 3rd ser. vol. v. p. 186 (1919). 53,7 2 $, 2-15. vi. (Basra) (Brewitt-Taylor). Odonata from Mesopotamia. 299 1 g, 28. iv. 1918; 2 2 9, 23. iii., 15. v. 1918 (Amara) ; 14,7 2 2, 26-29. iii.1919 (Basra) (Avans). Like a small C. erythrea, but with the venation opener, and except at the extreme base almost entirely black ; ante- humeral lines and pale inter-alar line not noticeable in the material examined ; no trace of yellow in the fore-wings ; basal patch in hind wings small, sometimes traces of yellow in the basal cellule between Sc and R+M, yellow not extending beyond Cuq and the inner boundary of anal loop and hardly to the anal angle. In discoidal field of fore-wings usually only two rows of cells near the triangle: in four males and females, cells between M* and Cu! 22922 22993 22223 i 32223 ’ Oo-+ 59995 - 59333 ° 22233 (Basra), 32223 (Amara). 32333 222293 32293 22 $$. 35933 ° 93003 ° 32085 22233 Wg cide Mec TATE: @ BE 8k, SL USL. Rte TE US aT 6 TE-OE Oe TES Te Pterostigma 24-3 mm. Length of hind wing about 25 ¢, 26 mm. @. The following remarks on the colours are mainly from Brewitt-Taylor’s notes on the living insects :— $ (adult). Eyes: upper two-thirds cherry-red, blue below. Face brick-red; mandibles dirty yellow. Thorax olive-brown, Jegs concolorous. Abdomen above glowing cherry-red ; seg- ments 8-9 on the dorsal carina with black markings which are broadest posteriorly ; appendages brick-red, paler at the tips; ventral surface dirty reddish yellow with black median line. 2 (juv.). Eyes above red-brown, lower part bluish ; face pinkish, mandibles white. Thorax pale brown above, whitish beneath. Abdomen pinkish brown with fine black carina, markings above-mentioned distinct on 8-9 ; segments finely margined with black lines and a small black dot on each side of dorsal carina on posterior part of 4-7; segment 10 and appendages pinkish brown, underside pale pink with black median line. (B.-T. adds that the 9 does not differ much from the g, but is perhaps a little more salmon-pink in colour. There seems, however, to have been some confusion with regard to the sex of some of his younger specimens.) ? (more adult). Eyes: upper half dark red-brown, lower part bluish. Face brownish, lower part whitish ; thorax olivaceous, sides bluish (? slightly pruinose) ; abdomen above 300 Mr. K. J. Morton on olive-brown, each segment with a lateral salmon-tinted sub- crescentic portion. B.-T. writes, June 10th: “ This species is becoming common. More restless than the other brown dragon-fly and does not take possession of a definite perch. Some males are browner red than the typical glowing red, which is most beautiful. Rather wary and flits from grass to grass by the side of water.”” The brown dragon-fly alluded to appears to refer to a condition of Trithemis annulata. Crocothemis servilia, Brullé. 249 9,11 2 9, 7. v., 14-17. v., 25. v., 1-10. vi. (Basra). The shoulder-stripe has only become faint in a few of the most mature examples. In attempting to arrive at a more satisfactory understanding regarding the distinctive characters of these species of €vaco- themis, a partial study of the genitalia of the second abdominal segment of the male has been made by removing the parts from a number of specimens and mounting them in balsam. The results may be briefly summed up as follows :— (1) The preparations confirm the accepted view that the outer branch of the hamule is more pointed in C. erythrea than in C. servilia, in which it is more truneate. These flat preparations, however, do not give an altogether satisfactory idea of the form of the branch, the position being not quite a natural one. The shape is: better understood when the hamule is viewed from the side. (2) The apex of the inner branch of the hamule appears to be different in the two species. In the Madagascar prepara- tion of C. erythrea (Pl. XIV. fig. 3) the extreme apex is seen to be slightly notched with a strong subapical tooth. After examination of a number of dried specimens of C. erythrea from widely separated localities, I can say positively that in these the toothed or bifid condition is invariably present, and it is interesting to mention that an example from Cherra- punji in my collection included by Ris (Coll. Selys, p. 540) under C. servilia as transitional towards C. erythrea is, in respect of the hamule, true C. erythraa. The evidence regarding C. servi/ia should perhaps be stated in a more negative form. In none of the examples of C. servilia examined have [I been able to confirm the existence of any tooth, the apex apparently being always simple. These critical characters are, however, somewhat elusive, and unless the hamule is in exactly the right position the tooth may be overlooked. In the preparation from which fig. 1 (Pl. XIV.) Odonata from Mesopotamia. 301 was taken the tooth was distinctly visible before the cover-glass was put on theslide, but the slight pressure altered the position, throwing the tooth nearly out of view or leaving visible only ~ a minute elevation which in reproduction may be quite lost. The character seems to be good, but it would not be surprising if in two such closely-allied species it sometimes failed as an- absolute test by itself. The hamules sometimes require to be freed from adhering matter before examination. (3) The apex of the penis in the preparations is different in the two species (see P]. XIV. figs. 1&4). In dried specimens this part is not always easy to examine. Preparations of C. erythrea from Arles, Madagascar, and Mesopotamia, and of C. servilia from Mesopotamia and Bengal serve to confirm. Sympetrum decoloratum, Selys. 238,22 2, 8.v., 25. v., 9. vi. (Basra). All more or less immature, and, as the collector records nothing regarding habits, probably casual captures. The following short descriptions are based mainly on his notes :— 3. Eyes: upper half brown-red, lower greenish. Vertex, frons, clypeus, and gene bluish white, a small black spot in front of median ocellus and also blackish about lateral ocelli aud antenne; labrum and labium white. Thorax pale greenish yellow, more pallid beneath with brown antehumeral streaks, brownish at extreme anterior margin and with small brown marking on either side of median suture next to the brownish edging ; lateral sutures very slightly black. Legs ellow ; femora and tibizs with a black line, tarsi annulated with black. Pterostigma dirty whitish. Abdomen: dorsum yellowish orange, darker orange on the carina and slightly darker on the posterior end of each segment, with faint indication of a dot on either side; traces of lateral lines slight (see 2); underside paler, with black median line. 9. Eyes: upper half very pale brownish, lower bluish green. Head and thorax very similar to ¢. Abdomen: dorsum dark yellow, carina dark orange; sides greenish fading into the dorsal yellow. Lateral blackish streaks on each segment broadest and most complete on 3, gradually diminishing in extent on the following segments; lateral carina, especially of anterior segments, finely black; dorsal carina of 2-3 distinctly blackish, also a black line at the junction of 1-2 ; narrowly marked with black on each side of dorsal carina of 8-9. Sympetrum fonscolomber, Selys. 1 2, Amara, 12. viii. 302 Mr. K. J. Morton on Brachythemis fuscopalliata, Selys. 15 dg, 10 2 2, 6-9. v., 12-17. v., 25-31. v., 2-4. vi., 13-21. vi., 14. vii. (Basra) ; 4 ¢ g, 4-8. vil. (Amara). Fully adultemales from Basra May 6th to June 20th, a _few examples which have not attained full coloration May 7th “to June 21st. None of the Amara specimens are fully coloured, that of July 8th being apparently the youngest in the collection. All the males included show the dark wing- marking in some degree. In its beginning it seems normally to be most concentrated on the middle of the wings, forming somewhat of a brownish transverse band extending to beyond the nodus, darkest on its outer edge; the dark colour appears to grow more rapidly to the base of the hind wings than of the fore wings, gradually increasing in intensity in both and finally reaching in the latter to the costal field, which may be only partially coloured in quite adult individuals. After the colour has become fairly mature at the base of the fore wings, the body-markings become gradually obliterated and have entirely disappeared by the time the full adult wing-colora- tion is reached. From Brewitt-Taylor’s notes: “ 21. vi. 16: I have noticed that both males and females of this species are smaller now than they used to be in April. . “Species found only on banks of streams and stagnant waters. Males very active towards evening when they flit about and hover over the streams. Flight very rapid, and diffieult to catch.... “The male seems to hover over the female while latter is ovipositing and keeps off other males. Female oviposits by hovering over reed [‘ floating object ’—these words deleted | and continually touching it with the tail. “At dusk male and female sometimes leave vicinity of water and hover about ground in open spaces. “Females easily caught settled on grass on margin of stream. “ During heat of day males perch on branch of tree or on grass on edge of stream and are easily taken. When perched the tail is held up at an angle, and the wings slightly above the horizontal. « Arrived at Amara on July 2nd. Here the common form of the male has a distinctly brown-speckled abdomen and ouly slightly clouded wings. Very black specimens occur, but are uncommon; the females are asat Basra. The habits are distinctly different, however, and here the species is very common and easy to catch as they fly about the grass. They frequently shelter in our tent.” Odonata from Mesopotamia. 303 As mentioned above, Brewitt-aylor’s Amara specimens are not fully mature, and his remarks point to an emergence of the species having recently taken place there. Trithemis annulata, Beauvais. 23 ¢ 3, 18 2 ¥, 6-8. v., 13-19. v., 25-26. v., 2-9. vi. (Basra). The collector refers to the abdomen of the ¢ in different specimens as brownish red, crimson-red, yellowish purple, purple-red, and plum-coloured, and of the ? as yellowish, greenish yellow, and brownish red, these variations no doubt marking different stages of maturity. In some of the females the amber colouring of the wing-base is continued to the nodus in the anterior part of the hind wings, and the apex of the wings is sometimes tinted. “The insects sit on palm-leaves, the wings drooped down- wards and forwards, the abdomen being slightly raised, and they are very quick.”’ Pantala flavescens, Fabr. 1,1 2, 14. viii. (Amara). ; Selysiothemis nigra, Lind. 29 66, 20 2 3, 7. v., 13-16, v., 25-27. v., 1-9. vi. (Basra). “This species occurred abundantly for about three or four days (May 14th to 17th). I think it was the same species which similarly suddenly appeared in large numbers on April 20th. It was more numerous then than the swarms on 14th-17th. The species does not frequent waterways, but is found in open spaces, settling on stunted grass. It occa- sionally comes to light. June 8th: Very abundant. There is great variation in the amount of black. Males generally darker, and all blue-black specimens are males. June 10th: The species has practically disappeared again ; has lasted from 4th to 10th.” (Brewitt-Taylor.) EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIV. Fig. 1. C. erythrea chaldeorum (Basra, Evans). As explained above, the tooth is present, but was thrown out of view by pressure. Fig. 2, The same (Basra, Brewitt-Taylor). Hamule only. To bring out the tooth clearly the hamule was tilted in the preparation, with the result that the base was thrown out of focus. Fig. 3. C. erythrea (Madagascar), Hamules only. The left-hand one in the preparation shows the tooth very clearly. Fig. 4. C. servilia (Bengal). (I am indebted to Mr, Martin E. Mosely for the excellent photographs of the preparations, and also for his expert assistance in remounting the hamule shown in fig. 2.) 304 Mr. O. Thomas on XLIT.— Four new Squirrels of the Genus Tamiops. By OLDFIELD THOMAS. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) AMONG some mammals collected in Yunnan by Mr. George Forrest, and presented to the British Museum by Col. Ste- phenson Clarke, ©.B., there occur examples of two species of Tamiops, both distinct from any as yet described. In working these out, two other species of the genus, one also from Yunnan and the other from 8.E. Siam, prove to need description. The first of Mr. Forrest’s two species is one of the handsomest of the genus, as it combines the greater size of 7’. swinhoet with the brightly contrasted coloration of some of the smaller species. “It may be called Tamiops clarket, sp. n. Size large, practically as in JT. swinhoei, therefore con- spicuously larger than in any of the other species, which are all more or less subequal in this respect. Coloration brightly contrasted, very different from the dull tones of swinhoet. Ground-colour of crown, nape, and fore-back pale buffy olivaceous, paler than Ridgway’s “ buffy olive.” Median dark stripe not commencing anterior to the lateral ones, all | three deep black, sharply defined. Inner light lines oliva- ceous buffy, paler than the fore-back. Outer light lines | quite white, broad and conspicuous, ending anteriorly level with the median dark stripe, not continuous with the sub- ocular light stripe. Outer black stripe fairly well developed. Under surface white, not yellowish—in fact, whiter than in any other species known to me; the hairs of the chin white to their roots, those of belly with slaty bases. Head with the usual markings strongly developed, the main light subocular stripe broad, white, and shown up by a darkening of the edge of the ground-colour above it. Hyelids white. Ears not heavily tufted, their edges white, their backs black, the hairs behind the tips with white ends. Hands and feet greyish buffy, becoming lighter terminally. Tail rather slender, the hairs about 13 mm. in length, each buffy at base, then black, broadly tipped with whitish. Skull nearly agreeing in size with that of 7. swinhoei. Dimensions of the type (measured on the remade skin) :— Head and body (c.) 154 mm. ; tail 112 ; hind foot 32. Skull: tip of nasal to front of interparietal 36; basilar new Squirrels of the Genus Tamiops. 305 suture to gnathion 27; zygomatic breadth 23:7; nasals 12:2 x 5:2; interorbital breadth 13°5; breadth of brain-case 18°7 ; palatilar length 15°5 ; upper tooth-series, exclusive of p®, 66; upper molars only 5. ' Hab. Northern Yunnan, in the Yang-tse Valley, at 27° 20' N., and about 101° EK. Alt. 8000’. Type. Adult, but not old, male. B.M. no. 20. 1. 16. 6. Original number 9. Collected September 1918 by George Forrest. Presented by Col. Stephenson Clarke. Three specimens, two adult and one young. As shown by a representative specimen received from the Paris Museum the 7. sewinhoet of Moupin is a far larger animal than any of the other species as yet described. Now this handsome T. clarke: turns up, equalling TJ. swinhoei in size, but widely different from it in its conspicuously con- trasted coloration, paler general tone; and white belly. No other species appears to need comparison with the new form. Tamiops maritimus forresti, subsp. n. Very similar to the form to which Bonhote* applied the name “ Scturus macclellandi swinhoei, M.-Edw.,” the medium- sized strongly striped Tamiops of South-eastern China. But in the first place there is no doubt that the Chinese*forms, with interrupted subocular stripe, should be separated speci- fically from muacclel/andii, so that that name disappears, and, secondly, it has since proved that the true swinhoei is the much larger species of Sze-chuen, equalling in size 7’. clarke, and hence the smaller species is certainly not swinhoei. But it has also been found out that in this genus, at least in some of its forms, the blackness of the subdorsal dark stripes is not valid as a specific character, being a seasonal one, though not occurring in every individual. The same phenomenon is also found in certain forms of Funambulus. ° In consequence, the two Chinese subspecies called by Bonhote “ S. macclellandi maritimus” and “ S. macclellandi monticolus”’ should apparently bear the names of ZYamiops maritimus maritimus and T. maritimus monticolus respec- tively, while his swinhoed is the black-striped phase of the latter. On this basis [ may describe Mr. Forrest’s Yunnan speci- mens as follows :— Like 7. maritimus monticolus when with three well-marked * “On Squirrels of the Sczwrws macclellandi Group,” Ann. & Mag, Nat. Hist. (7) v. p. 50 (1900). Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. v. 21 306 Mr. O, Thomas on black dorsal lines, these lines being probably absent. at the opposite season. General tones of.colour similar throughout, but the under surface white instead of pale buffy. Subocular stripe also white, scarcely more buffy anteriorly ; in monti- colus it is pale buffy behind, strongly buffy in front. ‘Tips of tail-hairs whiter and less buffy, also rather longer, making the tail more bushy. Median black line running from the nape to the base of the tail. Lateral light stripes strong and prominent, buffy whitish. Skull as in monticolus. . Dimensions of the type (measured on skin) :— Head and body 127 mm.; tail (c.) 100; hind foot 30. Skull: condylo-incisive length 31:5; zygomatic breadth 21:5; nasals 10°5; interorbital breadth 12°5; breadth of brain-case 17°6; palatilar length 14; upper tooth-row ex- clusive of p’ 6; molars only 4°3. flab. Yunnan. Type from the Lichiang Range, at 27° 20'N. Alt. 11,000. Type. Old male. B.M. no. 20.1.16.4. Original num- ber 1. Collected July 1918 by Mr. George Forrest. Pre- sented by Col. Stephenson R. Clarke. Two specimens. From any of the forms of Tamiops found further west this Tamiops is distinguished by the complete interruption between the subocular and light lateral dorsal lines, this interruption being a characteristic of the Chinese members of the geuus, Tamtops tnconstans, sp. n. A small species with dull upper surface and bright yellow belly. Size among the smallest of the genus. General colour greyish olivaceous, the markings Jess conspicuous than in any species known to me. Fore-back and the strip internal to the lateral light lines, where the subdorsal dark lines usually are, practically concolor, pale greyish olivaceous, the median dark line broad but little darker than the general dorsal colour, and margined on each side with inconspicuous buffy bands. Outer light bands the only ones which are really distinet, and these only short and narrow, not reaching the subocular lines; buffy whitish. Crown rather more buffy than back. Orbital rings and subocular stripe strong buffy. Hairs of ear as usual black, but those of the chief tuft on the back of the ear are not only white at tip, but white to their bases. : Under surface, in marked contrast to the inconspicuously new Squirrels of the Genus Tamiops. 307 coloured upper surface, bright buffy from chin to anus, the colour as bright as in 7. barbei, though rather less ochra- ceous. Upper surface of feet grizzled buffy. Tail slender, its hairs about 10 mm. in length, their tips white, not buffy. Dimensions of the type (measured on skin) :— Head and body 114 mm. ; tail 103 ; hind foot 26. Skull: greatest length 33; condylo-incisive length 29 ; zygomatic breadth 19°4; nasals 8°83; interorbital breadth 11°6; palatilar length 13°6 ; upper tooth-series exclusive of p® 5°1 ; molars only 3°7. Hab. Southern Yunnan. Type. Old male. B.M. no. 12. 7. 25. 31. Original num- ber 22. Collected 31st January, 1910, by H. Orii. Pur- chased of K. Kobayashi. ‘lwo specimens. -This very distinct little squirrel is characterized by its unusually inconspicuous striping above and by the strong yellowish buffy of its lower surface—in fact, it is above one of the dullest and below one of the brightest of the genus. It does not appear to be nearly related to any. described species, Tamiops lylei, sp. n. Near T. barbet ; greyer on sides, more buffy on nape. Size about as in barbei. General appearance of light. lines rather uniform, the inner and outer subequal in intensity. Subocular and external light lateral lines continuous over shoulder, as in barbe?, differing in this respect from 7” ro- dolphei, in which the lines are interrupted. Median dark line, as in rodolphet, with a narrow thread of pale brownish along its centre, so that, as a dark line, it is not truly and literally “median” ; the present species and rodolphei are the only members of the genus in which this character is found. Crown and fore-back “ tawny-olive”’ or dark “ clay- colour,” a ready distinction from barbei and leucotis ; behind this colour darkens into the outer dark lines of back, but is not known to occur truly black. Inner light lines strong buffy, outer whitish buffy. Outside them an inconspicuous dark edging. Sides and hips pale olive-grey (“ light greyish olive’) which is continued down to the ankle. Under sur- face ochraceous buffy, richest on the chest, more grey-mixed on the belly. Proectote of ear black, with a well-developed white tuft at tip, the hairs of the latter white nearly or quite to their bases. Hands and feet grizzled buffy. ‘Vail slender, the tips of the hairs white. Skull as usual. 21* 308 Mr. M. A. ©. Hinton on the Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :— Head and body 105 mm.; tail 114; hind foot 28; ear 14. Skull: greatest length (c.) 31; zygomatic breadth 19°6 ; interorbital breadth 11°85 palatilar length 12°3; upper tooth-row without p* 5°4; molars only 3:8, Hab. 8.E. Siam. Type from the sea-coast 50 miles south of Bangkok; another specimen from Lem Ngop (C. B.. Kloss). Type. Young adult male. B.M. no. 6.10. 7.9. Original number 211. Collected 5th August, 1906, and presented by Th. H. Lyle, Esq. Three specimens in all. This Zamiops is more or less intermediate between T’. r0- dolphet of Cochin China and Annam and T. barbei of Tenas- serim. From the former it differs by its external light line being continuous with the subocular line, by the dorsal lineation running further forward, and by its less warm ground-colour. From the latter by the central division of ~ the ‘‘ median ” dark line, by the more buffy fore-back, by the much paler grey of the flanks, hips, and legs, and by the more equal prominence of the outer and inner pale dorsal lines. 7 XLITL.—The Subspecies of Paraxerus flavivittis, Peters. By Martin A. C. Hinton. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) WHEN describing his Paraxerus flavivittis mossambicus last July * Mr. Thomas was not aware of the fact that Mr. Love- ridge had collected ten other examples besides the type at Lumbo, Portuguese East Africa. ‘This additional material, which we owe to the generosity of Lord Swaythling, has now arrived in the British Museum. It was all collected on asingle day nearly two months earlier than the date on which the type-specimen was captured, and it forms a very beautiful and instructive series, well worthy of somewhat detailed notice. The new specimens show most clearly that, as in many other Sciuride, the coloration in P. flavivittis is subject in each individual to periodical changes of a complex character. At one stage these squirrels have dark grey backs associated * Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) iy. p. 81 (1919). Subspecies of Paraxerus flavivittis, Peters. 309 with pure white lateral stripes ; but when this dark pelage is worn out it is replaced by another in which the hairs have bright ochraceous tips, the general dorsal colour being brightened to a golden or fulvous hue. In this bright coat the ochraceous pigment invades or infects the lateral white stripe to a greater or less extent. The type of P. f. mos- sambicus may be cited as a perfect example of the dark phase, while the subject of the figure of P. flavivittis given by Peters * is no less definitely illustrative of the bright coat. The material now before me indicates that in P. f. mos- sambieus the outer surfaces of the fore limbs are at all times ochraceous. ‘The account of the type given by Thomas is an excellent description of the dark phase ; but even in the type, with the aid of the new material, the beginnings of the changes leading to the bright coat may be recognized. The ochraceous tint of the fore limbs gradually becomes more intense, and, creeping upwards over the shoulders and withers, it forms a bright-hued mantle covering part of the neck and the thoracic region of the back. As the mantle is perfected, the ochraceous tint invades the foremost part of each lateral stripe. ‘The ochraceous grizzle noted by Thomas on the top of the muzzle in the type becomes also more-evident as the change proceeds ; this grizzle gradually extends upwards and backwards until the whole top of the head acquires an ochra- ceous hue; but the region between the ears and the nape remains grey long after other parts of the dorsal surface have become ochraceous. From the posterior edge of the perfected thoracic mantle ochraceous-tipped hairs are gradually deve- loped backwards over the lumbar region and the rump, until finally the whole mid-dorsum, the deep-tinted band (which on each side intervenes between the lateral dorsal stripe and the flank), the flanks, and the outer surfaces of the thighs become fulvous—the tint, however, continuing to be brightest in the region covered by the mantle. The occipital patch and the lighter grey flank-areas are the last regions affected by the change. The tail-hairs appear to be subject to similar changes, but far more extensive material is required before this part of the subject can be elucidated. ‘The type in full grey pelage has the ventral surface of the tail strongly ochraceous; this is true also of uos. 80, 81, and 82 in the bright coat. Other specimens, as nos. 87, 88, and 89, with coats in an inter- mediate condition, have the lower surface of the tail grey, but on parting the ventral hairs many deeply hidden ochra- ceous hairs are revealed. * ‘Reise nach Mossambique,’ 1852, i. Taf. xxix. 310 Mr. M. A. C. Hinton on the Tn the following table the Lumbo specimens are arranged in what, judging by the teeth, appears to be the order of individual age, commencing with the youngest. Specimens marked “G@” or “B” are in grey ov bright coats respec- tively ; the unmarked items are in intermediate stages of coloration :— . o a i 3 3 Sex.| No. Date. ia ue a Dentition. = 9 gg ot = =P ae ered ec = A = ne) 86 | July 10,1918) 157 | 160 | 40 15 34'2 | ”-4 still in use. cote War ae mba 145 | 140 | 35 15 at Do. 160 | 170 40 20 35'8 | ?-4 not quite in place. OL ene ak ae © 150 | 145 37 18 36°7 | P-4 slightly worn, aah ae os 138 | 138 | 37 167) 3r8 Do. CO tee oth Oe: 176 | 160 | 40 15 | 37:3 Do. 202/|Sept.4, ,, 175 | 175 | 40 18 | 36:7 Do. July 10, ,, 175 | 170 | 365 15 | 36°8 | 2-4 moderately worn. Cee is vane ye 165 ip 40 as 36:1 | 2-4 about half-worn. oi | Rm he 170) FO™ |} 20 18 35°6 Do. Sy Pee EEL ee ag 175 Me 40 17 .. | 2-4 much worn. ee) oa on = 404040404095 O95 +0 95 OY WDaaniacd ee) —- From this table it appears that the gradual change of colour described is not connected merely with differences of individual age. It seems also improbable that the change is a purely seasonal one. One may suspect, perhaps, that in this species each individual is subject to a constantly recurring cycle of colour-change, the incidence of which cycle depends rather upon the physiological condition of the individual than upon any general or extrinsic factor. P. f. mossamlbicus is certainly very closely related to, if it be not identical with, true flavivittis. Thomas mentions that the nasals of his type are considerably broader behind than in the skull of flavivitis figured by Peters ; this difference, although visible in some of the newly-arrived specimens from Lumbo, does not appear to be constant. In the bright phase of coloration mossambicus now seems to differ from flavivitiis inerely by having the posterior half of each lateral dorsal stripe white instead of yellow; but, having regard to the difference in locality, this fact will perhaps justify us in retaining mossambicus as a distinct subspecies pending the arrival of specimens from Mossimboa. Subspecies of Paraxerus flavivittis, Peters. 311 In another way the fine series from Lumbo is of great utility, since it enables us to appreciate the constancy of certain features in the pattern (apart from colour) of the coat. Peters’s figure shows an animal with very definite facial markings in the region between and below the eye and the ear, and with a single light-coloured, very broad, long, and well-defined stripe bordering the back on each side. These features are faithfully reproduced in each of the Lumbo speci- mens, and there is no reason to doubt that they are essential and charaeteristic elements of the coat-pattern in both P. f. flavivittis and P. f. mossambicus. In other species of Para- werus, as now understood, the facial markings are quite incon- spicuous or absent, while the lateral dorsal stripe on each side is reduced to such a degree that it is almost imperceptible. Two specimens in the British Museum come from localities considerably to the north of Lumbo (15° 8.) and Mossimboa (11° 8.), one coming from Kilwa Kisiwani (9° §.), the other irom Mombasa (4° 8.). Differing from each other, as well as from true flavivitiis and f. mossambicus, the northern specimens appear to represent two subspecies of flavivittis, interesting both as members of a continuous series of geographical races and as subspecies which tend to lessen the gap between true flavivittis and more normal species of Parawerus. ‘They may be described as follows :-— Paraxerus flavivittis exgeanus, subsp. n. Hah.—Kilwa Kisiwani, ex-German Kast Africa. _ Type.—An adult male in bright pelage (B.M. 19. 4. 14.3), collected March 8, 1918, and presented to the British Museum by Major C. H. B. Grant. This form differs from both the southern subspecies by having the lateral dorsal stripe on each side much narrower and the thoracic ochraceous mantle much less developed. Upper surface (top of head and the whole back to root of tail) clothed with a fine grizzle of black or dark brown and dull ochraceous, the general effect being, in the lumbar region, near mummy-brown. On the top of the muzzle and towards the root of the tail the ochraceous hair-tips are more abundant, sensibly brightening the general colour ; in the neighbourhood of the shoulders and withers they are still more extensively developed, producing a perfectly distinct though not a conspicuous dorsal mantle. ‘The lateral stripe on each side of the back is much narrower and somewhat shorter than in mossambicus ; where broadest it measures no more than 5 mm., instead of 9 or 10 mm. as in the southern form ; the colour of the stripe is white posteriorly, faintly 312 Mr. M. A. C. Hinton on tinged with yellow anteriorly. Outer surfaces of limbs, particularly of the fore limbs, greyer and less ochraceous than in the southern forms. Inner surfaces of limbs and the underparts pure white. Dorsal surfaces of feet dull ochra- ceous buff. Tail normal, many ochraceous hairs appearing on ventral surface ; the terminal hairs rufous. Collector’s measurements.—Head and body 161 mm.; tail 120; hind foot 36; ear 18. . Skull: condylo-incisive length 36 mm. (ca.); dental length 18:5; zygomatic breadth 23; cranial width 19:1; upper cheek-teeth (crowns) 76; 2-4 in place, about half-worn. Paraxerus flavivittis ibeanus, subsp. n. Hab.—Mombasa, British Hast Africa. Type.—A skin (B.M. 80.11. 30.6) collected and presented to the British Museum by Dr. (afterwards Sir. J.) Kirk. Size and general characters as in other subspecies of flavivittis. General dorsal colour strong fulvous ochraceous, somewhat lighter, yellower, and less rich over shoulders and rump. Shoulder-mantle quite inconspicuous, represented merely by the lightening in the general hue just mentioned. Lateral dorsal stripe pale yellow, somewhat broader than in eageanus, but still shorter ; the band between the light stripe and the grey flank on each side concolor with mid-dorsum, narrow. Facial markings inconspicuous. Upper surfaces of hands and feet buff ; underparts white. Tail normal. ALIV.— Three new Subspecies of Spalax monticola. By Martin A. C. Hinton. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) LIKE other strictly fossorial mammals, mole-rats of the genus Spalax show a well-marked tendency to develop local races characterized by more or less obvious differences. No doubt, that form of segregation which must result from a very limited area of individual distribution and local differences in soil and food are to be looked upon as constituting together the mainspring of this variability. The differences between race and race in such cases are apt to be very small and trivial ; but, nevertheless, they show frequently a remarkable constancy in their occurrence. new Subspecies of Spalax monticola. 313 Though in some ways paralleled in its variation by such genera as Ctenomys and Tachyoryctes, Spalax is peculiar in showing in nearly all forms a monotonous uniformity of external appearance. With the material now available no satisfactory outward difference can be detected between the various subspecies of S. monticola described or mentioned below; and, since much of the material before me is un- accompanied by collector’s measurements, further reference to the pelage may be omitted. The differential characters are to be sought in the skulls and deep down in the alveoli of the cheek-teeth. They require a great deal of patient work for their discovery and elucidation ; and we are above all indebted to Professor Méhely for the provision of such a wide basis for further work upon this most difficult genus as is afforded by his monograph. OF his section Mesospalax Méhely recognizes two species, viz., S. monticola and 8. hungaricus. In monticola 7,3 has two re-entrant enamel folds, one from the labial and one from the lingual side, in young stages of wear; while in hungaricus ouly the labial fold is present. When, therefore, in adult stages of wear, the folds are converted into enamel islands, which are long persistent, two are present upon the surface of x3 In monticola, but one only in hungaricus. The three new forms described below agree in this matter with monti- cola, of which, accordingly, they are treated as subspecies. 1. Spalax monticola thermaicus, subsp. n. Hab.—The neighbourhood of Salonica. Type.—An adult male (B.M. 17.11.19. 1; skull, no skin) from the west bank of the Struma River, 12 miles south of Serres ; collected and presented to the British Museum by Captain H. 8S. Hollis, R.A.M.C. Material examined.—Six, represented by five skulls and three skins; of the skulls two are old, one adult, and two young, one of the latter being in fragments. Description—This is a medium-sized subspecies with a skull which agrees in most respects with that of S. m. tureicus, Méhely. S. m. thermaicus differs trom turcicus chiefly by the more reduced condition of its molar roots, and to a slighter degree by some features of the molar crowns as well as by some peculiarities of the skull and mandible. Skull.—A detailed comparison of the skull with the careful description of turetcus given by Méhely (op. cit. p. 115) shows that the skull of thermatcus differs in only two respects from that of turcicus. In thermaicus at all ages the parietals are 314 Mr. M. A. C. FElinton on longer and narrower than in turcicus, and the palate does not extend quite so far backwards. The parietals in thermaicus have a posterior breadth of 13 mm. in the young and 10 mm. in the old skulls ; in the young the length of each parietal exceeds the lambdoid breadth by one-fourth, in the old by one-third. In tureicus the posterior parietal breadth ranges in adults between 11:2 and 13:2 mm., and each parietal is only slightly longer than its lambdoid breadth. The palate of thermatcus usually does not reach and never extends behind a line connecting the hinder edges of the alveoli of the last molars; in tureicus the termination of the palate is always distinctly behind that line. The posterior median spine of the palate (‘‘kriftig entwickelt” in young turcicus, reduced to a “‘ stumpfe Ecke” in adults) is represented at all ages in thermaicus by a minute process of each palatine bone, the _ pair being separated by a small median cleft. In all other respects Méhely’s description of tureitcws may be read as applying to thermaicus. For measurements see table at . 320. é Mandible.—The lower jaw of thermaicus differs from that of turcicus in having the coronoid process more strongly re- curved and the angular process a little more reduced. Méhely says that the coronoid process in turcicus is “ebenso sanft nach hinten gekriimmt” as in S. ehrenbergt ; in thermaicus it is more sharply recurved than in the latter species. Méhely describes the angular process as being most closely similar to that of S.m. anatolicus, “ deutlich fligelformig und vom Kérper des Unterkiefers weggespreizt” ; in thermaicus the “angulus anterior” (to use Tullberg’s nomenclature) is nearly obsolete, although rather more of it remains than in S.m. captorum described below ; and the flattened “ angulus posterior ’’ lies close to the base of the alveolar process of the incisor. The alveolar process is largely developed, the alveolar length of the jaw being conspicuously greater than the condylar length, the difference between these two dimen- sions becoming more marked with advancing age. Dentition—Incisors: the upper incisors have the enamel faintly tinged with yellow in young specimens, but the staining becomes more intense with age. The anterior sur- face shows in certain lights a very faint trace of a median longitudinal concavity, in whieh the yellow stain seems chiefly to collect. The lower incisors are white or very feebly and irregularly stained with yellow at all ages; their anterior surfaces are like those of the upper teeth, but in two cases they show more definite traces of a narrow mediaa new Subspecies of Spalax monticola. 315 groove. Of the faint coste found frequently in turcicus by Méhely I can see no trace in thermaizcus. Cheek-teeth.—In adult stages of wear the patterns of the cheek-teeth are exactly similar to those of turcicus. The anterior sulcus separating the two tubercles of which the front lobe of ™-! is originally composed (¢/. Méhely, Mamm. p. 296, fig. 9) is always ephemeral in thermaicus, though sometimes persistent in turcicus. In thermaicus the young m-2 ig quite like ™1, having three re-entrant enamel folds on the labial side instead of the single ‘“‘ zweibuchtige”’ fo'd found in turcicus; the posterior or third labial fold is very small, it is quickly reduced to an islet, which, in turn, speedily disappears: ™:1 and ™? have each to begin with three lingual re-entrant folds (in addition to the labial fold) ; but the posterior labial ‘‘ fold” commences as an islet in the posterior lobe of the tooth ; the two anterior labial folds have 2 common mouth on the side of the tooth and are separated from each other internally by a small saliency formed by the posterior horn of the half-moon-shaped anterior moiety of the young tooth. In the za of my youngest specimen this saliency appears as a separate tubercle uot yet united with the main mass of the tooth. Molar roots and the alveolii—The molar roots tend to be reduced by fusion in thermaicus, while they remain free and distinct in ture/eus. In the latter ™1!, according to Méhely, is always distinctly three-rooted, having two labial roots and a lingual root, which tends to be forked ; correspondingly the alveolus has three distinct cells, that for the lingual root showing two depressions. In thermaicus the anterior labial root is very short and it is completely fused with the lingual root, being separated from the latter merely by a faint crease ; a furrow also divides superficially the large lingual root into two parts; the posterior labial root is completely free, though short. The alveolus hasa special cell with com- plete walls only for the posterior labial root ; its remainder shows three depressions—a shallow one for the anterior root and two deeper ones for the lingual root. In thermaicus ™? is similar to “1 as regards roots and the alveolus; but the division of the lingual root only becomes perceptible towards the tip, and in the alveolus the septum dividing the cell for the posterior labial root from the remainder of the alveolus is lower and thinner. In ¢urcicus this tooth has three distinet roots, of which the linguai is always more or less distinetly forked, while the alveolus is correspondingly four-celled. In turcicus ™:3 also is provided with three completely free roots, 316 Mr. M. A. C. Hinton on and it has a three-celled alveolus. In thermaicus “3 has two roots only, the anterior labial root being in this tooth free though very short, whilst the posterior labial and the lingual roots are fused into a single fang ; the alveolus is two-celled, the cell for the anterior labial root being very shallow. The lower molars in thermaicus have two roots each, as in turcicus, but the anterior root is in each tooth shorter and thinner, while in 73 and 7 it shows far weaker traces of a more primitive division into an inner and an outer fang. Each alveolus is divided into two cells by a continuous transverse septum, but in each case this, on comparison with Méhely’s illustration (Taf. xxiv. fig. 5), would appear to be lower and thinner than in ¢urcicus. 2. Spalax monticola corybantium, subsp. n. Hab.—Murad Dagh; type from a spot 15 miles N.E. of Eushak, and about 150 miles HE. of Smyrna. Type.—An adult (?sex) collected and presented to the British Museum by Mr. A. Buxton (B.M. 8. 11. 21. 1). No other specimen known. Description.—Skull : the skull is larger than in anatolicus, cilicicus, and captorum, about as large as in turcicus and ther- maicus (condylo-basal length 51°3 mm.). It has two characters which readily distinguish it from the skulls of any of its nearest geographical allies; the parietals are very narrow in the adult and very irregularly overlapped by the frontals and squamosals, each being conspicuously longer than broad ; the posterior ends of the short anterior palatal foramina are very nearly in line with the hinder borders of the maxillary zygo- matic processes. In other respects it resembles one or other of the various subspecies mentioned in this paper. Snout broad and heavy, rather wider at middle than at base ; nasal with an anterior constriction and reaching back as far as the level of the hinder margins of the infraorbital foramina or a little beyond, although barely equal in length to the frontal and parietal combined ; processus naso-basalis well-developed, reaching centre of infraorbital foramen ; supraoccipital very short, much shorter than the fronto-parietal length (height of skull contained 2°07 times in length lambda to nasal tips) ; infraorbital foramina relatively large; lachrymal distinctly visible from above as a large rectangular ossicle measuring 2°6 mm. in length; ascending ramus of maxillary zygomatic process slender; external auditory meatus wide; anterior part of palate shorter than hinder part, its length decidedly new Subspecies of Spalax monticola. 317 greater than the distance between the anterior and thie poste- rior palatal foramina; posterior border of palate situate behind level of alveoli of ™-8-~™-5, straight, and without median spine; postpalatine foramina slightly in advance of the septum between ”-? and ™2; pterygoid and paroccipital pro- cesses as in anatolicus. Mandible—The lower jaw shows a decided tendency to assume the form characteristic of Macrospalax; it is very large and robust ; the coronoid process is very powerful and erect ; the incisura between the coronoid process and the condyle is very long and flatly rounded ; alveolar process very large and heavy, the corono-alveolar incisura wider, though as rounded as in anatolicus; angular process about as in anatolicus, with well-marked and definitely inflected angulus anterior; the alveolar and condylar lengths about equal. Dentition.—Incisors: upper incisors faintly yellow, the colour most intense along middle line ; lower incisors nearly white. Upper and lower incisors with faint traces of median groove. Cheek-teeth_—™:1 of normal pattern, anterior labial fold represented by an islet, the second labial and the lingual fold still open ; ™* exactly similar; “8 with a single circular islet. The right and left lower molars show a curious diffe- rence in their respective states of wear; x7 with labial fold, simple anterior lingual fold, the posterior lingual fold repre- sented by a very small islet (L.), already gone (R.); as (R.) with labial and anterior lingual folds still open, the posterior lingual fold entirely gone, (L.) similar, but anterior lingual fold just insulated ; a3 (R.) with an anterior lingual islet, the labial fold still open and deep, (L.) with merely a central triangular islet and no other complication. Molar roots and alveoli.—®1 has merely one root, the large lingual element being fused throughout with both the labial elements, the only interval being that left between the two labial portions ; alveolus very simple, its sole complication being the vestigial labial septum which fits into the inter- space between the two labial elements of the single fang; m2 and ™8 quite similar to “1 in these respects. In the lower jaw wi has two large roots, and its alveolus is divided by a complete though thin septum ; in y4 the anterior root shows traces of a lingual and a labial element, but it is partially fused on the lingual side with the posterior root, and in the alveolus therefore the transverse septum is incomplete. 318 Mr. M. A. C. Hinton on 3. Spalax monticola captorum, subsp. n. Hab.—Kanghri (Changria), Asia Minor. Type.—A middle-aged female (B.M. 19. 9. 20. 23; original no. 18; contained “4 fairly well-developed embryos ”’) collected March 20, 1918, by Captain F. J, Patmore ; pre- sented to the British Museum by Captain Patmore and Captain Phillips. Material examined.—F our from type-locality (2 ¢, 2 ?). Description.—This subspecies is most nearly allied to S. m. anatolicus and S. m. cilicicus, presenting some characters common to the two forms named, others possessed by one or other of them, besides certain features peculiar to itself. Skull.—The following characters are common to the skulls of captorum, anatolicus, and ciltecews:—Medium size; the form of the rostrum, which is of medium length, rather narrow, though somewhat stouter than in S. ehrenbergi ; each frontal with a well-developed processus naso-basalis; naso- frontal suture more or less concave anteriorly ;_ parictals remaining broad in advanced age ; supraoccipital measured from foramen magnum to lambda shorter than the fronto- parietal length (lambda-nasal length—height.of skull= 2°02-2°05) ; wide meatus auditorius externus (greatest diameter about 3 mm.); short anterior palatal foramina, their hinder ends falling considerably short of a line con- necting the posterior edges of the maxillary zygomatic pro- cesses ; anterior portion of palate shorter than hinder portion, the posterior palatal border without a median spine ; post- palatine foramina placed in advance of the septum between ne pa MS, In the following respects captorum agrees with anatolicus and differs from cilicicus:—Nasals rather narrow anteriorly, with a more or less evident constriction of the middle part of the anterior widened portion ; processus naso-basalis reaches only to middle of the infraorbital foramen ; infraorbital fora- men of medium size; ascending branch of maxillary zygo- matic process narrow ; pterygoid and paroccipital processes relatively slender, as in S. ehrenbergi. In the following points captorum agrees with cilvc¢eus and differs from anatolicus :—Nasals do not or scarcely reach a line connecting the hinder edges of the infraorbital foramina ; parietals rather long, each being considerably longer than its breadth at lambda. In captorum the palate terminates posteriorly in front of instead of behind a line connecting the hinder edges of the alveoli of ™2—™-3; the lachrymal is constantly visible from above as a minute ossicle (in anatolicus this bone was similarly new Subspecies of Spalax monticola. 319 visible in two out of thirteen skulls examined by Méhely, and _ I have seen it in several of the topotypical skulls in the British Museum ; not visible in cilécicus). Mandible.—The angular process is more specialized than in cilicicus or anatolicus ; in cilicicus it is not reduced, but agrees in form with that of S. ehrenberg?; in anatolicus it is a little reduced, although the angulus anterior is still prominent ; in captorum the angulus anterior is obsolete, the angulus poste- rior approximated to the alveolar process of the incisor. The alveolar length of the jaw is about equal to, or rather shorter than, the condylar length, instead of being somewhat longer as in anatolicus and cilictcus. Dentition—Incisors : in the young specimen the incisors are white, a tinge of faint yellow appearing towards the alveolus ; they are stained yellow in the adults ; in the upper incisors dirt collects along the middle of the anterior face, forming a streak which indicates the presence of a slight groove ; in the lower incisors there is a distinct median vestigial groove, but no trace of ribs. In these respects the new form agrees with celicicus. Cheek-teeth.—The patterns of the worn molars and their roots and alveoli are exactly as in anatolicus. Some slight differences are observable in the youngest stage of wear available. In this “1 has one lingual fold and two labial folds, there being no trace at all of the posterior or third labial fold found in young teeth of anatolicus (cf. Méhely, Taf. viii. fig. 1) ; the anterior lobe of the tooth is formed by two cusps —a large inner and a smaller outer,—which are separated anteriorly by an ephemeral sulcus. Of the three islets present in the adult tooth, the posterior labial derived from the second labial fold is the last to close. In ™? the anterior islet is developed from the deepest part of the lingual fold, as in S. ehrenberg?, and not from a --shaped labial fold, as in anatolicus. In the lower jaw the young 777 is closely similar to Méhely’s fig. 19 of Taf. viil., but the “accessory ”’ islet stands in more obvious relation with the outer branch of the anterior lingual fold than in the figure cited; 773 has only one lingual fold in addition to the labial fold, the posterior lingual fold seen in the young x3 of anatolicus being absent. Remarks.—Captain Phillips and Captain Patmore were among the unfortunate men captured by the Turks at the fall of Kut. During their captivity they found great solace in their love for natural history. Devising their own traps and other apparatus, they managed in the face of great difficulties and hardships to make a very respectable collection of mammals, thus proving once again that ability is the only indispensable equipment. On their return to this country they presented their collection to the British Museum. la. 1¢0 »f Spalax mont 2128 O . 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Tis Contributors includ and its Articles give an Published Monthly. Price 1s. Sd. nett. Annual Subscription, ; 171s. 6d. post free. . JOURNAL OF BOTANY BRITISH AND FOREIGN. Pea Pee Edited by ‘JAMES BRITTEN, K.S.G, F.LS., LATE SENIOR ASSISTANT, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, BRITISH MUSEUM, — + Botanists ; Announcements of Discoveries } Reviews es Articles by prominen ee Arcane ~ Botanical News and Notes, &e., &e. Aa Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, London CONTENTS OF NUMBER 27.—Ninth Series. Ti - Se es ee Page XXX. Notes on the Asihde: Subsiriao decline: ae Gun: ne TRUDE WEORRD ORE o> a rks oe kee ee ie eae ae te SC Ste - 909 XXXI. On some Freshwater Fossils Son Central. South Africa By R. Buteny Newron, F.G.S. (Plate VIII.).. : XXXIL. On the Geographical Distribution of the Genta ee Hiibner (Lineopalpa auctorum), a Noctuid of the F amily Gono- pteride. By Colonel C. Swinaor, M.A., F.LS., ke. "(Plates TXT) ee ae yay ieee ei OR So a Jee ae 2n0 | XXXILI. The Cirripede Subgenus. Suittalopee ; its Probable se Occurrence in the Jurassic. Rocks (S. gaveyi, sp. n.). . Tomas ; He Wititees, F.G:8,. (Plate XE E45 swag eee Fe ene , 258 XXXIV. Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera.—XL. On new pues ie in the British Museum. By Rowranp E. Turner, V.Z.5., FLES. .. 265 XXXY. Pholidocidaris anceps: & Correction. es Avs Bacar, Bios PBT TRG sve, oe ae oe OS ary wneta te lan Sea ne ee Seem ane a ea nar S ecg REL XXXVI. Fossil Corueaiada in the British Museum. Be 2 ie a, T D. A. Cocxere.t, University of Colorado... J... 0... bes p 5 Oe XXXVI. A new Three-toed Jerboa from ae oY. Annes sh pe Carre. Sowsrey, 2i2.8;) PR.GB ees, os oe eet (279. XXXVI. Descriptions of a new ‘Gevics ant a new Snake from og Sumatra. By G.\A. Bourmnone, FRG. ol eee ae 281 XXXIX. Iwo new Asiatic Bats of the Gontus Ladar ada and Dyacopterus. By Orprrerp THOMAS ........02.0 000: ia Saas aigtaoes aa XL. New Moths in the Joicey Collection, By Lours B. Provr, Ys F.ES. oe eee a ete aCEE, boa alk inte Gk a tle ele et a 2860 XLI. Odonata collected in Mesopotamia by the late aioe RR aoe Brewitt-Taylor, R.A.M.C. BY: Keyneru J. Morton, F. ES Ce i ae KEV Ve cos as neve Gees coe sg ee ees XLU. Four new Squirrels of the Bonne aniaps. ay Cinta * AD ORLA Boies vanes RR ase 8 See lees ee A ON Rea ee ey XLII. The Subspecies of Pur diver us five: Peters. es ae | Mari A. C, Hintoy........ Pee XLIV. Three new Subspecies of ‘chee mantle by Maren Ae OG INtON 3 Sete oe hes Paks Vee vevens ER WAR ey oc ey - Pie *,.* Itis requested that all Communications for fis Work may baaderecet: post-paid, to the Care of Messrs. Taylor and Francis, ting Off ch Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, Teondoni, aia WITH SEVEN PLATES. i NINTH SERIES. _ No. 28. THE ANNALS MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, INCLUDING ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, anp GEOLOGY, CONDUCTED BY WV, Of "WILLIAM CARRUTHERS, Pu.D., F.R. US 23 30 2 26 = 1 0-0 172622 Ae QUARTER-PAGE - 12 6 a8 Bones Men 10205335 se pikes All applications for space to be made to Mr. H. A. COLLINS, 32 Birdhurst Road, Croydon. THE ANNALS MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. [NINTH SERIES.) No. 29. MAY 1920. LIL.—Notes on the Asilidze: Sub-division Asilinee. By Gerrroupe Ricarpo. [Continued from p. 241. } Dysmachus tibialis, Macq. Dipt. Exot. i. (2) p. 245 (1838). This species was described by Macquart from the Cape as follows :— “‘ Yellow-haired. Moustache yellow. Legs black ; tibiz red. Wings with the fourth posterior cell oblique. Face and forehead with yellow tomentum. Beard yellow. Antenne wanting. Thorax and abdomen black with green reflections, tomeutum and pubescence greyish yellow. Legs with yellow and black bristles, apices of tibiz black. Wings yellowish, the longitudinal veins bordered with light brown. Sea ome The specimens noted below seem to answer to this de- scription, but till the type can be examined the question must remain doubtful. The following description will serve, at any rate, to identify my specimens :— Males and females from Stellenbosch, in Cape Museum Coll. Distinguished by the wholly yellow beard and by the yellowish-red tibize and yellow pubescence on scutellum. Length, ¢ 22-23, 2 24 mm. Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. v. 26 378 Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilidee. Male.—Face with fairly thick yellow or orange moustache reaching theantennze. Palpi blackish with chiefly black hairs. Antenne blackish brown, the first two joints with black hairs and at least one yellow one on underside, the arista long and stout. Forehead covered with hairs a little lighter in colour than those of moustache. The curled bristles yellow, not stout, difficult to distinguish from the many yellow hairs round them, continued round head. Thorax bronze-coloured with greyish tomentum and short black pubescence, a few yellow hairs interspersed ; the mane consists of black hairs, some longer than others, but outstanding bristles are absent, the four preesutural bristles are yellow with shorter ones round them, the supra-alar and postalar are black and yellow and more numerous than usual. Scutellum covered with thick long yellow or orange hairs, and the same-coloured bristles on posterior margin. Abdomen appears blackish brown with soft reddish-yellow pubescence and the same below; there are traces of yellowish tomentum on dorsum. Genitalia black, shining, stout, the upper pincers large with two points widely separated, the upper one club-shaped, obtuse, and short; the lower one slender and much longer, with yellow and black hairs, also below, but a tuft of orange hairs appears on the black under-plate in the centre. Legs blackish, the femora with fairly long yellowish pubescence and stout black bristles on the middle and hind pair ; tibiz almost honey-yellow, the apices of middle and hind pair black, the fore tibiz with long yellow hairs and many long yellow bristies, the middle pair with black bristles but many weak yellow ones, the hind pair with black bristles and two or more yellow ones, the yellow hairs present but not so thick on the two hind pairs ; tarsi with black bristles. Wings clear, the middle transverse vein very oblique, situated on about two-thirds of the length of the discal cell. Female identical. Abdomen covered with greyish-yellow tomentum and yellowish pubescence, the ovipositor short, black. Dysmachus leoninus, Schiner. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xvii. p. 402, 106 [Zephonotus] (1867). The type was described from the Cape, measuring 12-13 mm. One ? from Caledon, Cape Colony (K. H. Barnard), 1916, in Cape collection. It measures 21 mm. Easily distinguished by the short fox-red pubescence on Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilidex. 379 the thorax, becoming longer posteriorly, also present on the scutellum with bristles of the same colonr, and on the first five abdominal segments where it is fairly long, especially at the sides, but not very thick. Zegs with the same-coloured pubescence, the tibiz bright yellow-red with many bristles of the same colour. Aloustache reddish yellow, with black hairs at sides in this specimen. Dysmachus porcellus, Speiser. Schwed. Zool. Exp. Ost-Afrik. p. 102 (1910). A series of males and females from S. and E. slopes of Kenya, 6000-7000 ft., and on edge of Forest, Brit. E. Atrica, This species belongs to the group represented by D. chal- coyaster, Wied., also containing D. suillus, to which Speis:r suggests itisrelated. Itis distinguished from D. chalcogaster by the genitalia of the male, which are short and stout. Wings largely brown at the apex. Length, ¢ 18-22, 2? 18-21 mm. Speiser gives the length as 17 mm., and gives the localities as Kibonoto, near Kilimandjaro, at 2000-3000 m., and Meru, 3000 m. high. He gives the yellow colour of the hairs or bristles in the middle of the hind border of head, and the middle of the thorax with not very long bristles, as distinguishing it from D. suillus. The moustache is yellowish, but surrounded above and at sides by black bristles; in these specimens the black predominate over the yellow bristly hairs, and the long curved over bristles of head are black, but yellow bristly hairs are present between them. Scuted/um with bristly black hairs and on outer border witlylong yellow bristles, in the female these latter are often black. For further particulars, see Speiser’s description. Dysmachus orientalis, sp. n. One male (type) from Mombasa, EK. Africa (A. J. Cholmeley), 1906, 225. One male from Narok, Masai Reserve, E. Africa, 27. iii. 1914 (Captain A. O. Luckman), in I. EK. EK. Coll, A small pubescent species allied to Dysmachus tarsalis, sp. n., but distinguished from it by the tibiz which are reddish yellow for two-thirds of their length, the hind pair only reddish yellow at the base and the tarsi are black, Abdomen more pubescent. Genitalia shortcr. 26* 380 Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilidze. Length 15 and 16 mm.: Face covered with silky yellowish tomentum. Moustache reaching to the autennze, composed of snow-white soft hairs, surrounded by black bristly hairs. Palpi with black hairs. Beard snowy-white. Antenne black, the first two joints with very long black bristly hairs below and shorter ones on their upper sides. Forehead with usually long black hairs. Hind head with weak white hairs at vertex curling over and black stout bristles also curling over, beyond these the hairs round head are soft and pale-coloured. Thorax bronze-coloured with whitish tomentum and short whitish pubescence, the mane thick and composed of long black hairs with which are intermingled short white hairs, becoming longer pos- teriorly but still leaving the centre with black hairs, the usual stout bristles on sides of dorsum are weak, chiefly whitish, some very long. Scutellum covered with long white hairs becoming more bristly on the border, these hairs are not disposed as white tufts. Abdomen bronze-coloured, with thick rather bushy white hairs on the first three segments, less bushy beyond, but still present as short white pubescence, and hairs at sides are pale-coloured; the usual dark spots are present on each segment, with greyish tomentum at sides; under side with soft whitish hairs. Genitalia black, shining, with white hairs, below disposed as snowy-white tufts; forceps short but stout and wide, two- pronged with obtuse teeth. Leys bronze-coloured with white hairs ; the fore and middle tibize honey-yellow above for two- thirds of their length, and black underneath, the hind pair chiefly yellow at their base only ; the two anterior pairs of femora and tibiz with long white hairs on each side, the hind legs with fewer but with stouter longer black bristles ; the fore tibiz with three white bristles at their apices and the middle pair with three on their outer side, fore and middle tarsi with some white bristles, the hind pair with. only black ones. Wings greyish, with yellow veins, the small transverse vein beyond the middle of the discal cell. Dysmachus tarsalis, sp. un. Type (male) and other males from Willow Grange, Natal (R. C. Wroughton), in I. E. KE, Coll. A small species, to be recognized by the dull reddish or in some specimens reddish-yellow tibiz, which have a black stripe on the inside, and by the wholly light-coloured tarsi. Abdomen with a dark large spot on each segment. Scutellum with yellow hairs only. Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilide. 381 Length 12-15 mm. Male.—Face with yellowish tomentum. Moustache black above and bright yellow below, composed of long rather weak hairs, reaching the antenne. Beard white. Antenne blackish brown, the first two joints with black and yellow hairs; the arista long and stout, not quite so long as the third joint. ' Forehead with straggling long black hairs. The curled bristles at back of head are chiefly yellow, about two black ones are to be seen below on each side, all rather weak and not very long. Thorax metallic, greenish brown, shining, with well-marked brown stripes; the mane not very thick, composed of long weak black hairs, some longer than others, those on the posterior half are largely yellow, ‘as are also the two presutural bristles; pubescence on dorsum not thick, all short black hairs, and some grey tomentum is visible. Scutel/um same colour as thorax, with weak yellow hairs not very numerous; on the posterior border are two very long weak bristly hairs on each side, yellow or white. Abdomen bronze-coloured, but covered with grey tomentum ; the large blackish spots form an irregular median stripe ; pubescence on dorsum consists of some short black hairs and longer yellowish hairs at sides, also present on the underside, but no bristles appear on the abdomen. Genitalia long, black, and shining, with yellowish pubescence, the pincers club-shaped, the upper tooth very small; underside with a thick tuft of yellow hairs. Legs bronze-coloured ; the tibiz and tarsi vary in colour some- what, the hind pair rather darker; the pubescence on femora long and yellow but not thick, yellow and black bristles are present on the hind pairs ; the tibie with long yellow hairs and black bristles, the anterior pair with some black hairs; all the tarsi armed with long and short black bristles. Wings clear, the small transverse vein just beyond the middle of discal cell. Dysmachus rhodesii, sp. n. Type (male), type (female), and other males and females from Salisbury, Rhodesia (R. W. Tucker), in the Cape Museum Coll. A small bronze-coloured species. Moustache black with a few yellow hairs below. Mane chiefly black. Legs bronze- black, the tibize at extreme base red, bristles black, but long yellowish-white hairs ou fore and middle legs. Length, g 11-12, ? 10-11 mm. Male.—Face greyish. Moustache very large with long 382 Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilidee. black hairs, a few yellow ones near the oral opening. Beard yellowish. Antenne blackish with long black hairs and a very few white ones on upper side, the third joint is wanting. Forehead with black hairs. The bristles on hind part of head are black and white, not so stout as usual, but long. Mane black with a few white bristly hairs at sides, becoming more reddish yellow posteriorly ; the large bristles at sides are reddish yellow; pubescence on dorsum black, sparse ; tomentum greyish on the bronze ground-colour. Scutellum with long weak yellowish bristles and usually a few black ones on the posterior edge. Abdomen covered with yellowish- erey tomentum and a black spot on each segment; pubes- cence appears chiefly whitish, with no bristles present ; underside with pale reddish-yellow hairs. Genitalia long, ° covered with greyish tomentum, weak yellow hairs, and short black bristly hairs ; a reddish curled filament is present between the upper pair of oblong forceps and also between the lower pair. Legs blackish, all tibize reddish at base only, the fore femora with long white hairs below, present in a less degree on the others; tibie with the same; bristles chiefly black, some reddish-yellow ones on the fore tibize and on the hind femora. Wéings clear, the small transverse vein before the middle of wing. Female identical, the white hairs in the mane not dis- cernible. Ovipositor black, nearly as long as the last two segments. Dysmachus hirtipes, sp. n. Type (male) from Ceres Div., Matroosberg, 3500 ft., type (female) from same locality and another male from same locality at 4000 ft. This rather striking-looking species has apparently not been described before. Bronze-coloured with thick pubes- cence, though not very long, on thorax and abdomen and on legs. Scutellum entirely covered with yellowish soft hairs. Length, ¢ 144-15, 2 14 mm. Bie Male.—Face with glittering yellowish tomentum. Mous- tache white bordered with black hairs, all soft and fine, extending to the antenne. Beard white. Antenne blackish, the first two joints with a few black hairs, the third joint with a stout fairly long arista. Forehead with white hairs in the middle and at the sides, intermixed with black hairs at sides. The curled bristles at back of head all yellow, intermixed with yellowish-white hairs. Thorax bronze- coloured, shining with fairly thick yellow pubescence, the Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilide. 383 side-bristles also yellow; mane composed of black hairs bordered with shorter yellowish hairs ; there are no long outstanding bristles; all the bristles are yellow on posterior part of thorax. Scutellum covered entirely with thick yellowish-orange and whitish-yellow long hairs. Abdomen bronze-coloured with grey tomentum at sides and at apex, covered with whitish and yellowish hairs ; on the underside they appear chiefly white. Genitalia elongated, the upper forceps deeply indented, the lower fork being the longest, the upper one short, obtuse, same colour as abdomen with yellow and white pubescence, below with chiefly black hairs. Legs bronze-coloured, shining with thick yellow pubescence on both sides of the two anterior pairs of tibize ; femora with long whitish pubescence, the hind pair armed beiow with a row of short, stout, black bristles, the hind tibiz with long fine yellowish hairs and five or more very stout red bristles above and shorter black ones below near apices ; fore tarsi with long yellow bristly hairs and a few black bristles below, the middle ones the same, the hind tarsi with fewer yellowish-red bristles. Wings clear, small transverse vein very oblique and situated about two-thirds of length of discoidal cell from the base. Female identical. Moustache darker. Abdomen with grey tomentum at sides of segments, more noticeable towards the apex ; pubescence does not appear so thick as in the male. Ovipositor black, shining, short, not much longer than the last segment. Loew’s Division Il. Abdomen with bristles before the segments. Ti: No bristles on the underside of abdomen. Dysmachus congoensis, sp. 0. Type (male) from Lualaba River, Congo, 15.5.07, 2500— 4000 ft., type (female) from same locality (Neave Coll.), 1907, 230. Other males and one female from same locality. A species with no apparent bristles on the underside of abdomen, and the strong white ones above are not numerous. Moustache black above and yellowish white below. Legs blackish, metallic with rather long pale yellow pubescence and black and yellow bristles. Scutellum with yellow hairs 384 Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilidee. and bristles only; the posterior border of thorax also with weak yellowish bristles each side of the median stripe. Mane of not very long black hairs with few outstanding bristles. Length, ¢ 15-17, 2? 15 mm. Male.—Face covered with glistening yellowish tomentum. Moustache composed of long yellowish hairs, bordered with black ones, reaching the antenne. Beard white. Antenne with the first two jomts blackish, the third wanting. Fore- head with long stout black bristly hairs, the curled bristles behind long and black; below them in the centre are numerous yellowish hairs. Zhorax blackish covered with yellowish-brown tomentum and a well-marked median stripe and short side-stripes; pubescence very scanty, blackish, the three supra-alar bristles are yellow. Scutellum with long weak yellow bristles and shorter hairs. Abdomen blackish with a large dark brownish spot on each segment, sides with grey tomentum ; pubescence on dorsum is short but rather thick, yellow in colour; underside with straggling long whitish hairs. Genitalia large, stout, black, and shining, the under pair of pincers proceeding immediately from the under black plate are short, obtuse, testaceous, these and the-upper pair with long yellow pubescence, a few black hairs intermixed. Legs with the posterior femora thickly covered with short whitish-yellow pubescence, and longer hairs below, strong yellow bristles on underside, and a few black ones above ; middle and anterior pair with less pubes- cence ; tibiz with long and short yellow hairs and black bristles, those on the fore pair chiefly long, yellow, and weak ; fore tarsi with some yellow bristles. W2ngs clear, shaded at apex and on posterior border, the small transverse vein below the middle of the discal cell. Female identical. Hind tibiz with some yellow bristles. Dysmachus flavopilosus, sp. 1. Type (male), type (female) from Willow Grange, Natal (W. C. Wroughton), in 1, E. E. Coll. Other males and females from Howick, Natal (J. P. Cregve), 1904, 46, in Brit. Mus. Coll. One male and one female from Mfongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones), and Krantzkopf, Natal, in the Cape Coll. Males and female from Pretoria, 28.12.1912 (H. K. Munroe), 1914, 263. There are bristles on the abdomen, but none below; in Miss G Ricardo on the Asilide, 385 general characters this species is allied to the group repre- sented by D. auribarbis ; it differs very much in size, but I can find no character to distinguish the small specimens from the larger ones. A species distinguished by the yellow beard in the males, with some black hairs above in the females, by the usually honey-yellow basal half of the tibie, which in the two fore pairs have long yellow pubescence, by the yellow bristles and hairs on the posterior part of the thorax, and by yellow hairs and bristles on the scutellum. Oviposjtor in male long, black, with some bright yellow pubescence. Length, ¢ type 154, 2 type 154 mm.; other males 12- 22, other females 12-20 mm. Male.—Face bronze-green with some white tomentum, convex, carrying a fairly thick moustache composed of long weak yellow hairs with three or four black ones below the antenne. Beard yellow. Antenne bronze-green, the third joint dark brown, the first two joints with chiefly black bristly pubescence ; the arista nearly half as long as the third joint. Forehead with black bristly pubescence. The curved bristles at back of head not very long, all yellowish, as are the hairs round head. Thorax bronze-black with brownish-grey tomentum and very well-marked double median stripe and side-stripes. Mane not very thick, com- posed of short black hairs on the anterior half with three or four very long stout outstanding bristles ; beyond these the few hairs are yellow surrounded by many stout yellow bristles ; all the bristles at sides and at base of wings are yellow ; pubescence on dorsum sparse, of short black hairs. Scutellum with long weak yellowish-white bristles on the posterior border and weak yellow hairs on the dorsum. Abdomen blackish, covered with grey tomentum and with short yellow pubescence, the bristles at sides yellow, weak, the tomentum often thicker at sides and on posterior borders of segments ; underside with weak fairly long whitish hairs. Legs black, shining, the tibie honey-yellow on the basal half, on the fore pair extending almost two- thirds of-the length; the femora with a little short yellow pubescence and with longer yellowish hairs above and below, the hind pair with white bristles below ; the fore tibiz with long yellow hairs and yellow pubescence, the mid-pair the same; the hind pair with shorter yellow hairs, the bristles on this latter chiefly yellow, on the others mostly black ; the tarsi with long yellow bristles and shorter black ones. Wings clear, veins yellowish, the small 386 Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilide. transverse vein below the middle of the discal cell. Geni- talia of male black, Jong, the upper forceps simple, large, with short white pubescence on the upper sides and long bristly yellow hairs below; the basal plate below with a fringe of hairs, usually yellowish white or orange-yellow, the lower forceps short, with yellow hairs. The male from Zululand has rather darker pubescence on the genitalia and on thorax. Female identical. Moustache with more black hairs above. Ovipositor hlack, shining, about as long as the last two segments, Loew’s Division 11 *4. Bristles on underside of abdumen. Mane extending the whole length of thorax. Dysmachus molitor, Wied. Ausszweifl. Ins, i. p. 450 [Asilus], 1828, etc. One male from 8. Africa (Dr. Smith), 446, in Brit. Mus. Coll. One specimen from Dunbrody (Rev. O'Neil), 1900, in Cape Museum Coll. An easily distinguished small species, the abdomen being thickly covered with whitish hairs. Mane white posteriorly. Moustache thick, white. Legs covered with white pubes- cence and with white bristles. Scutellum with three thick tufts of white hairs and two or more black bristles on the posterior border. Length 12-14 mm. Dysmachus parvus, sp. 0. Type (male) and type (female) from Mababe, 100 miles N.E. of Lake Ngami, 3000 ft., Bechuanaland Protectorate, 9. vill. 1909 (R. B. Woosnam), 1910, and another ? female. A small pretty little species allied to D. molitor, Wied., but distinguished from it by the black and white moustache and black bristles on the legs. D. incisuralis, Macgq., is said to be allied to D. molitor, but Macquart says the geni- talia are short, whereas in this species they are very long and slender; the white bristles on the abdomen are very noticeable. Length 10 mm. Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilide. 387 Male.—Face covered with glistening white tomentum. Moustache large and thick, composed of black and white hairs intermixed. Beard white. Antenne black, the first two joints with stout black bristly hairs; the arista long. Forehead with white hairs. The curved bristles are weak, black, but fairly long. Thora# bronze-coloured with lighter tomentum and some short white pubescence ; the mane is large, composed of fairly thick short black hairs and many long outstanding bristles; a few longer white hairs are visible on the posterior part of thorax at the sides and also intermixed with the mane, but not forming a noticeable white stripe. Scutellum with a double row of black bristles, about four in each, and with long white hairs each side and in centre; hardly tuft-like. Abdomen black covered with brownish-grey tomentum and with fairly thick short white pubescence; the bristles chiefly white in a double row, one on the top of the other; underside with longer thick white pubescence and weaker white bristles. Genitalia almost equal in length to the last two segments, stout at base, tapering to a point, covered with white pubes- cence; the lower pair of forceps very short. Legs bronze- coloured, with white pubescence and longer white hairs on femora and tibiz ; middle and hind femora with white bristles, otherwise all bristles are black. Wings clear, the small transverse vein on the last third of the discal cell towards apex. Female identical. Abdomen better preserved, shows a large brownish-black spot on each segment, the white bristles longer and three-deep. Ovipositor short. Dysmachus transvaalensis, 3, sp. 0. Type (male) and another male from Bloksberg, Johannes- berg (C. H. Pead), 1907, 250, in Brit. Mus. Coll. A small species with short white pubescence on the body and legs and many white bristles on the abdomen both above and below; distinguished from D. spiniventris, Loew, by the reddish colour of the tibize and tarsi. Scutellum with white hairs and bristles. Mane white posteriorly. Moustache whitish. Length 9 mm. Face with silvery-white tomentum at sides. Moustache large, extending the whole length of face, yellowish white with only a very few black hairs intermixed. Antenne black, with thick black bristly pubescence on lower side of the first two joints. Forehead with yellowish tomentum, a bunch of 388 Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilide. white hairs on each side and long black hairs beyond, the curled-over bristles black and long, a bunch of white hairs at vertex between them, and hairs round head white. Thorax bronze-coloured with sparse white pubescence; the mane of long outstanding bristles and thick black hairs inside, posteriorly these hairs are white; bristles at sides whitish, long, the dorsal bristles on posterior part of thorax chiefly black, and longer white hairs are present here. Scutellum with tufts of white hairs on its black dorsum and long yellowish-white bristles on the posterior border. Adbdo- men with grey tomentum and thick whitish pubescence, the yellowish-white bristles on dorsum are about four deep on each segment; underside bristles with them and has short white pubescence. Genitalia short, stout, chestnut-brown, club-shaped with square ends, deeply notched below, lower surface with thick whitish hairs and above with shorter white pubescence ; under lamelle short with long whitish hairs. Legs blackish with the bristles largely white, the anterior and middle tibiz and tarsi of an obscure reddish colour, the hind pair only so at their extreme base ; the fore femora with stout black bristles below and some whitish hairs and one or more white bristles on their upper surface, the middle pair with chiefly white bristles above and black ones below, the hind pair with white and black bristles; the tibize with long yellowish hairs below and long stout yellow bristles, the fore pair with some black bristles on their upper surface ; tarsi all reddish, armed with chiefly white bristles ; pubescence on legs thick, white. Wings clear, veins yellow. Dysmachus albofasciatus, Ricardo. Ann. & Mag. Nat, Hist. (7) vi. p. 178 (1900). Type (male) and another male from Pretoria (W. L. Distant), and males and females from Estcourt, Natal, Sept. and Oct. 1896 (G. A. K. Marshall), 1906-17, and one female from Ulundi, Natal, 5000-6500 feet, by the same collector. A species measuring 15} mm. Dysmachus leucotenia, Bezzi, Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital. xxxvii. p. 286 (1906) [Lophonotus]. Two males from Victoria Falls, Zambesi, July 1914 (Miss J. Brincker), 1915, 125, and one female; one male from Mfongosi, Zululand (W. #. James), in Cape Coll. Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilidze. 389 Museum ; one female from Salisbury, S. Rhodesia (R. W. Tucker), i Cape Coll. Museum; one female from Pretoria (Miss J. Brincker), 1915, 125; and females from Estcourt, Natal, Sept. and Oct. 1896 (G. A. K. Marshall), 1908, 17 ; all in Brit. Mus. Coll., except where otherwise specified. These specimens from a rather wide range of localities appear to be all identical, and agree with the description of Bezzi’s species. He gives the size as 15-18 mm., describing one or more males from Somaliland. These range in size from 14 to 20 mm. in the males and in the females from 15 to 17 mm. A species distinguished by the white short pubescence on abdomen and legs, aud by the median black stripe and white bristles on the abdomen. The moustache white with black hairs intermixed varies somewhat—in the females chiefly white, in the males the black hairs preponderate. The farehead with black and white bristly hairs, and the curled- over bristles black and white. Mane with long outstanding bristles and shorter black hairs, posteriorly forming a white mane continued on to the scutellum, which is armed with six black bristles. The fore and middle tibie are black with a red stripe, occasionally present on the hind pair, bristles on legs are chiefly white. Genitalia of male stout, long, club-shaped, with a fine yellow process produced below, reaching the under lamelle which are stout and short ; all a chestnut colour covered with white pubescence. Ovipositor of females short, black. Bezzi speaks of it as a fine distinct species, distinct from the three Loew species, viz., spiniventris, ustulatus, and pulcher, and from my species albofasciatus. From this latter it is distinguished by the much longer genitalia and by the white bristles on the legs. Dysmachus natalensis, sp. n. Type (male), type (female), and one other male, all from Willow Grange, Natal (W. C. Wroughton). One male from 8. Africa (Distant Coll.). A small greyish species in the same group as Dysmachus wroughtoni, sp.n. The black mane has a few long white bristly hairs on each side on the posterior half of thorax. ' Moustache black above, yellow below. Legs blackish, only the extreme base of tibie red. Genitalia of male large, stout. 390 Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilidee. Length, ¢ 12-18, 2? 12 mm. Male.—Face yellowish, the moustache reaching the an- tennze, black above, yellow or white below. Beard yellowish white. Antenne blackish, the first and second joints with long black hairs on each side. Forehead with black hairs, those on hind part of head long, black, bristly, with yellowish- white hairs round head. Thorax bronze, with greyish-brown tomentum, the mane thick with outstanding long black bristles and the white ones each side ; pubescence on dorsum appears to be absent, bristles at sides are all yellow. Scutellum with a double row of white bristles and with a few white hairs. Abdomen greyish, with a large black spot on each segment and short white pubesence, the bristles on upper side are not very numerous, yellow in colour, the underside appears devoid of any, but has pale weak hairs. Genitalia black, shining, with white pubescence, the under- plate is black, the forceps short, simple at apex but not produced to a point, being club-shaped, broad at the base with an obtuse tooth. Legs black with white tomentum, and all bristles white, except those on the underside of tarsi; the fore femora and tibiz with long white hairs also present on the middle ones, but less apparent on the hind airs. Wings clear, the small transverse vein about the middle of the discal cell. Female identical, the ovipositor black, shining, almost as long as the two preceding segments. Dysmachus rapax, sp. i. Type (male) and type (female) and a long series of each sex from Nyasaland (S. 4. Neave), in I. KE, E. Coll., evi- dently a rapacious species ; all caught with some victim, usually of the same family. A species dark in colouring, with wholly bronze-coloured legs, with a black and yellow moustache, some yellow hairs on legs, and scutellum with wholly yellowish hairs and bristles. Genitalia short and small. It bears resemblance to D. aibopilosus and D. nigripes, sp. n., as regards its mane, which is scanty, but distinctly begins from the anterior border of thorax, hence its place in the above. division. Length, ¢ 19-20, ¢ 19-21 mm. Male.—Face brownish, with grey tomentum. Moustache composed of yellow bristly hairs, bordered by black ones. Palpi with numerous strong black bristles. Antenne black- ish, the first two joints covered with grey tomentum, and Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilide. 391 with strong black bristles on their underside and black hairs above, the third joint nearly as long as the first two joints together, the arista barely half as long as the third joint. Forehead with black bristly hairs, rather numerous. The curved bristles black and strong, the hairs continued round head and the beard yellowish white. Thorax bronze- green covered with yellowish tomentum, the median stripe split in middle and the side ones distinct ; pubescence on dorsum short and black. Mane thin, composed of scanty black hairs, becoming longer posteriorly, surrounded from just before the suture by powerful black bristles, those at the side of the same nature ; some weak yellowish-white hairs are present below the two postalar bristles and also on sides. Scutellum with weak but long yellowish-white bristles on its posterior border and weak yellowish hairs on its dorsum, some black hairs in centre are present as con- tinuation of the mane, which posteriorly has some weak yellow hairs beyond the black bristles. Abdomen covered with glistening yellow tomentum, thickest at sides and on the segmentations, leaving a large dark blackish spot visible on each segment, the pubescence black on these spots, yellow at sides and also in the centre of the first two segments, the bristles long yellow, two or three deep; underside with long soft yellow hairs and a few yellow bristles only. Genitalia short, black, the upper forceps swollen with short point, the under pair nearly as long; all with chiefly black hairs and a few shorter yellow ones. Legs bronze-coloured, with close whitish pubescence ; the fore femora with long pale yellow hairs below, the middle pair the same, the hind pair with shorter black and white hairs ; fore tibiz with black hairs below, and appressed orange hairs and long yellowish hairs on their outer edges, the middle pair the same, the hind pair with the long hairs black and white; the tarsi with whitish hairs, the bristles on legs chiefly black, a few reddish-yellow ones present. Wings greyish, the small transverse vein beyond the middle of discal cell oblique, curved. Female identical. Ovipositor short, about the length of the last segment, ending in a curved point, on which the pubescence is short, orange-red, elsewhere a few black hairs ; on the underside on the posterior border of the last segment are four black weak bristles, not present in the male; in other females they are more than four and scattered on dorsum. 392 Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilides. Dysmachus wroughtoni, sp. n. Type (male), type (female), and other males and females from Willow Grange, Natal (R. C. Wroughton), in I. E. E. Coll.; and one male from Ulundi, Natal, 5000-6000 feet, Sept. 1896 (G. A. K. Marshall), 1903, 17. A small greyish species. Abdomen with a black central stripe. Mane all black with the exception of an admixture of pale reddish hairs on the anterior half, but with a fine side-stripe of white tomentum on the posterior half and white tufts of hairs on the scutellum. Legs blackish; tibize partly reddish. Moustache black with a mixture of reddish- yellow and white hairs. Genitalia of male long. Length, g 15, 9 12-13 mm. . Male.—Face glistening white, the moustache very large, reaching to the antennz; in the type the hairs are largely reddish yellow and white at their apices, with the black hairs in the centre. Beard white. Antenne blackish, the arista short, the first and second joints with very long, stout, black, erect hairs on their under sides and shorter reddish hairs on their upper sides. Forehead darker than face, with many erect black hairs. The black curved bristles on hind part of head are long, with white hairs behind them and round head. Thorax armed with a very distinct mane, from which numerous long black bristles proceed in the whole length, the reddish hairs intermixed with the black are not very noticeable ; dorsum with chiefly short, fine, dirty white or yellow pubescence, the sides with grey tomentum; the three presutural bristles are yellow, the two supra-alar and two postalar bristles black, the narrow white stripes of tomentum are only visible in certain lights. Scutellum same colour as thorax, with reddish-yellow fine hairs and a double row of stout black bristles on its border, besides the white tuft of hairs on each side. Abdomen with greyish- yellow tomentum, with a well-marked narrow black central stripe and traces of dark spots on the sides, the first segment with thick white hairs, the dorsum with short yellowish sparse pubescence and stout yellow bristles on posterior borders and sides of segments, the underside with long white hairs, only a few of the yellow bristles are visible here. Genitalia bronze, shining, with fairly long yellowish-white pubescence ; the forceps are long, simple, their apices simple ending in an obtuse point with black hairs. Legs bronze, shining, with whitish short pubescence ; the femora stout with some long yellowish hairs and with On some Eastern Xylophilids. 393 black bristles; the tibiz obscurely reddish brown at their base, more widely so on the anterior and middle pair, which have long yellowish or white bristles and some long fine white hairs, the hind pair with black bristles only ; the tarsi with black bristles. Wings hyaline, the small transverse vein beyond the discal cell. . Female identical, the ovipositor short, only a little longer than the preceding segment, black, shining. The male from Ulundi only measures 10 mm. {To be continued. ] LIII.—On some Eastern Xylophilids [ Coleoptera]. By G. C. CHAmpPion, F.Z.S. Mr. C. F. Baker, of the Agricultural College, Los Baftos, Philippines, has recently sent to the British Museum an interesting series of Hastern Xylophilids, mainly from the island of Basilan, to the west of Mindanao, and Sandakan in N.E. Borneo, These insects are enumerated or described in the present paper, which is a continuation of others on the same subject written by myself in 1915, 1916, and 1917 [ef. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xvi.; Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1916; and Ent. Mo. Mag. li., liii.]. A few additional Indian forms, given to the Museum by Mr. E. A. Butler, or sent by my son, H. G.C., from Almora during the past year, are included in the present contribution. Three Xylophilids have already been recorded from the Philippines by Pic (ylophilus baert, bakeri, and sulcithorax), but the Museum has not hitherto possessed any material from these islands, whence ten are now enumerated. On account of the humid climate, Mr. Baker’s insects have been mounted with shellac, which is not easily removed without damage to the specimens, hence several of them must be left undetermined till further material is obtained. HYLOBANUS, Pic. Aylobenus fasciatus. Hylobenus fasciatus, Pic, Ann, Soc. Ent, Fr. 1912, p. 272; Champ. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xvi. p. 215 (1915); and Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1916, p. 3, t. 1. fig. 1. Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol, v. 27 394 Mr. G. C. Champion on Fab. CryLon, Galle [type]; TENASSERIM; PENANG (C. F. Baker) ; Borneo, Sandakan (C. F. Baker). Four rather worn specimens sent by Mr. Baker agree with those recorded by me in 1916. The inseet may be of littoral habits ? ; Hylobenus varicornis. Hylobenus varicornis, Champ. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1916, p. 4. Hab. StsM; TENASSERIM; PHILIPPINES, Basilan Island (C. F. Baker). One specimen from Basilan, not differing from the types. PHYTOBANUS, Sahlb. Phytobeenus gibbiventris, sp. n. ?. Elongate, narrow, robust, convex beneath, shinin (when denuded) ; nigro-piceous, the front of the head reddish, the prothorax with the anterior margin, the elytra with a large oblique patch on the disc below the base (nearly reaching the suture), and a common, broad, arcuate, outwardly- narrowed subapical fascia, the palpi, and legs (the slightly infuscate posterior femora excepted) testaceous, the antennz piceous ; pruinose and very finely pubescent ; closely, finely punctured. Head a little wider than the prothorax ; eyes extremely large, almost contiguous, deeply emarginate; an- tenn rather elongate, stout, joints 2-6 subcylindrical, 3 as long as 4, 8-10 transverse, 11 acuminate-ovate. Prothorax longer than broad, convex, rounded at the sides, unimpressed. Elytra moderately long, a little wider than the head, sub- parallel in their basal half, broadly depressed on the dise below the base. Posterior legs comparatively short, the femora moderately clavate towards the apex. The fused ventral segments 1 and 2 convex, together as long as 3-5 united. Length 24 mm. Hab. StnGAporeE (C. F. Baker). One specimen. Narrower and more elongate than P. ama- bilis, Sahlb., a Palearctic insect extending to Japan, the antennee longer, the elytral markings different. The present species forms an intermediate link between Phytobenus, Sahlb., and Hylobenus, Pic. some Kastern Xylophilids. 395 XYLOPHILUS, Latr. Malayan forms. Xylophilus glaucescens, sp. n. 3d. Elongate, robust, convex, opaque (till denuded) ; piceous, the elytra with a common, broad, transverse, post- median blackish fascia, preceded laterally by an oblong, reddish, indeterminate patch extending downward from the shoulder, the antennz black, with joints 1 and 2 and the tip of 11 rufescent, the palpi and legs testaceous, the posterior femora and tibiz slightly infuseate ; pruinose and very finely pubescent, the vestiture fuscous on the elytral fascia and bluish grey or glaucous on the rest of their disc ; the entire upper surface densely, very finely punctured. Head, with the eyes, broader than the prothorax, truncate at the base ; eyes very large, occupying the whole of the sides of the head, feebly emarginate, separated by about one-half their own width as seen from in front; antenne long, moderately stout, pilose, joint 3 slightly longer than 2, 11 stout, obliquely acuminate, much longer than 10. Prothorax longer than broad, rounded at the sides, unimpressed, about equal in width at the base and apex. HElytra long, wider than the prothorax, slightly rounded at the sides, flattened on the disc anteriorly. Legs long, rather stout ; joint 1 of anterior tarsi broadly dilated, as long as 2-5 united; posterior femora simple, feebly incrassate, the tibiz widened, the tarsi with joint 1 curved and about three times the length of 2-4 united. Aedeagus long, slender, acuminate. Length 23 mm. flab, PuiLipPiInes, Basilan Island (C. F. Baker). One male, in perfect condition. In general facies this species approaches the Indian X. armipes, Fairm. ; the basal joint of the anterior tarsi (¢) is greatly dilated, as in the Bornean X. latimanus, Champ., g (1917) ; the pruinosity of the non-fasciate portions of the elytra is bluish. Xylophilus complanatus, sp. n. Elongate, depressed, shining ; black, the apical joint of the antennee rufescent, the palpi and tarsi, and in one specimen the anterior femora and tibiz and the bases of the other femora, testaceous ; pruinose and very finely pubescent; the elytra closely and very finely, the head and prothorax sparsely, . 27* 396 . Mr. G. C. Champion on punctured. Head transverse, broader than the prothorax, convex, rapidly narrowed behind the eyes, the latter very large and separated by about half their own width ; antenne long in 36, shorter in 2, feebly serrate from joint 4 onward, 3 about as long as 4, 11 acuminate-ovate. Prothorax transversely quadrate, abruptly narrowed in front, grooved across the disc anteriorly and with a deep horseshoe-shaped impression before the base. Elytra much broader than the head, long, flattened and subparallel in their basal half, the dise with an oblique shallow depréssion extending downward from the humeri, the suture also depressed at the base. Legs long. 5 3S. Anterior tibie feebly curved, mucronate at tip; ante- rior tarsi dilated ; posterior femora simple, slightly thickened. Aedeagus (so far as visible) rather broad, abruptly acuminate at tip. Length 23-31 mm. (¢ 2.) Hab. Borneo, Sandakan (C. F. Baker). Three males and one female, the latter immature, the males varying in the colour of the anterior femora and tibie. Larger and more elongate than X. planipennis, Motsch., from Ceylon, the head simply convex posteriorly, the g with the antennee longer, stouter, and distinctly serrate (as in the Bornean X. melanosoma, Champ., 1915), the anterior tibiz mucronate at the tip, the anterior tarsi stouter. ; Xylophilus strangulatus, sp. n. g. Elongate, narrow, shining, pruinose ; testaceous, the eyes black, the elytra (except at the base) and joints 3-10 of the antenne more or less infuscate, the posterior femora and tibiee a little darker than the tarsi; sparsely, minutely, the elytral depressions rather coarsely, punctured. Head broad, transverse, well developed behind the eyes, the latter large, distant ; antennze long, rather slender, joint 3 as long as 4, 11 stout, obliquely acuminate. Prothorax small, transversely quadrate, narrowed in front, with a deep arcuate excavation before the base and a strongly defined sulcus extending across the disc before the middle. LElytra long, slightly wider than the head, subparallel in their basal half, blunt at the tip, deeply excavate on the disc anteriorly. Anterior tibiz feebly curved, unarmed; posterior legs not very elongate, thie femora moderately thickened, simple. Aedeagus slender, eurved upward at the tip. Length 24 mm. Hab. Borneo, Sandakan (C. F. Baker). One male, somewhat abraded, owing to the difficulty of some Eastern Xylophilids. 397 removing the shellac used in mounting it. A narrow elon- gate form, with the general facies of an Anthicus; the prothorax small, transversely sulcate anteriorly, and deeply excavate before the base ; the elytra long, excavate and more coarsely punctured anteriorly. Near X. claviger, Champ. (1916), from Siam, the antennee (¢) much longer and with differently shaped terminal joint, the prothorax not angulate at the sides. X.malaccanus, Pic, is also another allied form. Xylophilus fimbriatus.. Xylophilus fimbriatus, Champ. Ent. Mo, Mag. li. p. 279 (Oct. 1915). Hab, Borneo, W. Sarawak [type, ¢] (G. E. Bryant), Sandakan (C. F. Baker: 9). One example, differing from the type (¢) in having the elytra paler laterally, the antennz shorter and not so stout, and the posterior femora simple. An allied unnamed form from Sandakan (now without antennze) has a rougher head and prothorax, and the latter less angulate at the sides anteriorly. Xylophilus castaneus, sp. n. Oblong, robust, somewhat convex, shining, clothed with rather long pallid hairs; rufo-castaneous, the eyes, antenne (the reddish joints 1 and 2 and tip of 11 excepted), posterior femora and tibize, the other femora at the tip and the corre- sponding tibize in great part, piceous or black, the rest of the legs (the infuscate basal joint of the posterior tarsi excepted) and the palpi testaceous; closely, finely, the elytra rather coarsely, punctured. Head broad, truncate posteriorly, nar- rowly, subangularly extended on each side behind the eyes, the latter large, deeply emarginate, somewhat distant ; antennze long, stout, joints 3 and 4 subequal, 3 much longer than 2, 11 sharply, obliquely acuminate. Prothorax convex, trans- versely subquadrate, narrowed in front, unimpressed. Elytra oblong, much wider than the head, depressed on the disc below the base. Legs rather elongate ; posterior femora stout, clavate, the tibize slightly bowed inward. Length 22 mm. (2? ?.) t Hab. Borneo, Sandakan (C. F. Baker). One specimen. Very like X. pulvinatus, Champ. (1916), from Siam and Tenasserim, the posterior femora more strongly clavate and the puncturing of the elytra coarser. The ¢ of X. pulvinatus has longer autenne, differently formed legs, &c., the 2 of the latter resembling the present insect. From 398 Mr. G. C. Champion on X. cylindricornis, Champ., from Assam, the red head and less thickened antenne, and the less excavate and stronger punc- turing of the basal portion of the elytra will serve to distin- guish X. castaneus. Xylophilus holocinctus, sp. n. Rather short, robust, shining, somewhat coarsely pubescent ; the head, prothorax, a common very broad median fascia on the elytra (occupying more than one-third of their length), a space across the under surface in line with it, the intermediate and posterior femora broadly at the apex, and the posterior tibize to near the tip black or piceous, the rest of the elytra, legs, and under surface (that of the head excepted) testaceous or rufo-testaceous, the antennee obscure ferruginous ; closely, finely, the elytra a little more coarsely, punctured. Head very broad, short, truncate posteriorly, narrowly extended and subangulate on each side behind the eyes, the latter very large and somewhat distant; antenne rather short and stout, joint 3 as long as 4, 5-10 transverse [11 missing]. Pro- thorax subquadrate, feebly canaliculate at the base. EHlytra wider than the head, oblong, the post-basal depression deep, extending obliquely’ forward to within the humeri and along the suture to the base. Legs rather stout; posterior femora moderately clavate, the tibize almost straight and distinctly widened. Length 2,4, mm. (? ?.) Hab. BORNEO, Sandakan (C. F. Baker). One specimen. N ar X. latericius, Champ. (1916), from Siam. The broad nigro-piceous elytral fascia is continued across the under surface in the present insect. X. bryantz, Pic, from Ceylon, is somewhat similarly coloured. _X. tavoy- anus, Champ., from Tenasserim, has a narrower prothorax and longer, less thickened antenne, Xylophilus basilanus, sp. n. 3. Rather short, somewhat convex, shining, finely pubes- cent; testaceous, the eyes black, the head and posterior femora slightly infuseate, the elytra in one specimen with a small common transverse patch at the middle of the suture and a spot on the outer margin in line with it piceous ; closely, finely, the elytra a little more coarsely, punctate. Head broad, truncate at the base, very narrowly extended and subangular on each side behind the eyes, the latter ex- tremely large and subapproximate ; antennze about as long as the elytra, rather stout, joint 3 as long as 4, 11 stout, some Eastern Xylophilids. 399 obliquely acuminate. Prothorax transversely subquadrate, narrowed in front, unimpressed. Elytra wider than the head, comparatively short, narrowing from about the middle, without depressions on the dise. Anterior and intermediate tibiae feebly curved, sinuate within, the latter subangulate near the base ; posterior femora curved, very stout, hollowed along their lower face, the lower edge shortly ciliate and also angu- late at the apex as seen from above; posterior tibie flat- tened, curved inward, slender at the base; basal joint of posterior tarsi almost straight, long. Length 2 mm. flab. PHILIPPINES, Basilan Island (C. F. Baker). ‘wo males in good condition. Larger than X. ephippiatus, Champ. (1916), from Tenasserim, the elytra differently marked, the head testaceous, the ¢ characters different, the posterior femora, however, somewhat similarly formed in this sex. The Bornean X. immaculipennis is also not unlike the present species. Xylophilus bakeri. Hylophilus bakeri and var. sericeopubens, Pic, ‘L’Echange,’ xxxi. pp: 7, 8 (Feb. 1915). 3. Moderately elongate, rather broad, shining (when denuded) ; rufo-testaceous above, the eyes black, the pro- thorax slightly infuscate along the sides and on the middle of the disc, the elytra with a large transverse scutellar patch, a broad, common, sharply angulate, submedian fascia, and a space along the sides, the under surface of the body, and the posterior femora and tibize, nigro-piceous or black ; pruinose and very finely pubescent, the vestiture fuscous on the elytral fascia and cinereous on the other parts of the surtace ; closely, finely, the elytra a little more distinctly, punctured. Head broad, narrowly extended behind the eyes, the latter large, somewhat distant ; antennze moderately long, not very slender, serrate from joint 4 onward, 3 small, not longer than 2, 11 stout, acuminate. Prothorax subquadrate, narrowed in front, arcuately impressed on the disc before the base. Elytra oblong, much wider than the head, moderately elon- gate, depressed on the dise below the base. Anterior tibize armed with a sharp triangular tooth towards the apex. Posterior femora moderately clavate, simple, the tibiz stout. Aedeagus (so far as visible in the dried specimen) very slender, pointed at tip. Length 2} mm. Hab. PuitiePines, Los Bafios (P. L. Baker). 400 Mr. G. C. Champion on One male, in good condition. This insect seems to be a variety of X. bakeri, Pic (1915), from the same locality, with the elytral markings partly confluent, the type having two oblong nigro-piceous patches on the dise and the sutural region infuscate, and the var. sericeopubens, Pic, the elytra black, with a long humeral patch and about the apical third testa- ceous. The armature of the ¢ anterior tibiz is similar to that of the Indian X. armipes, Fairm., except that the tooth is placed nearer the tip. Not unlike X. furcatémanus, Champ. (1916), from Tenasserim, but with the elytral markings more strongly angulate in front and behind and the ¢ characters very different. The sexual marks of distinction of X. bakert were not noted by its describer. Xylophilus cephalicus, sp. n. Short, broad, convex, opaque (till denuded) ; piceous, the head, palpi, antennee (the testaceous third joint excepted), and prothorax rufescent or ferruginous, the tarsi, and the anterior and intermediate femora and tibie in great part, testaceous ; bluisl-grey pruinose and also very finely pubes- cent; closely, minutely, the elytra more distinctly, punctured. Head large, subquadrate, greatly developed behind the eyes, rounded on each side at the base; eyes convex, moderately large, distant ; antennee short, stout, joint 3 very small, 5-10 strongly transverse, 11 thickened, acuminate. Prothorax narrow, subquadrate, rounded at the sides anteriorly. Elytra broad, short, rounded at the sides posteriorly, unimpressed, Legs rather short; posterior femora thickened, the tibie moderately stout. L ngth 12, breadth nearly 1 mm. ( ? ?.) Hab. Puivierines, Basilan Island (C. F. Baker). One specimen, in perfect condition. Extremely like the Bornean X, cesius, Champ. (1915), type probably ?, but with the head larger, and the antenne terruginous and almost as stout as in X. laticornis, Pic, from Ceylon, &e., and shorter than in X. annulicornis, Champ. (1916), from Tenasserim. The post-ocular portion of the head is longer than in X. date- cornis and the eyes are more prominent. The sexes of this latter insect have not been certainly identified by me, and further material of all of them is required. AXylophilus sexguttatus, sp. n. g. Rather short, robust, shining, finely pubescent ; testa- ceous, the head and prothorax reddish, theeyes black, the elytra some Eastern Xylophilids. 401 each with three small fuscous spots—one on the disc below the base and two placed transversely at about the apical third ; closely, finely, the prothorax densely, the elytra rather coarsely, punctured. Head very broad, truncate at the base, narrowly extended on each side behind the eyes, the latter large, distant ; antennae comparatively short, rather stout, joint 3 about as long as 4, 11 stout, obliquely acuminate. Prothorax transverse, rounded at the sides anteriorly, canali- culate down the middle of the dise. Elytra rather short, wider than: the head, with a shallow oblique post-humeral depression. Anterior tibiee feebly curved ; posterior legs comparatively short, the femora stout, clavate, the tibice slightly widened, the basal joint of the posterior tarsi curved, thickened. Length 2 mm. Hab, Putctertnes, Mt. Makiling in Luzon (C. F. Baker). One specimen, assumed to be g on account of the curved anterior tibia. More elongate than the Bornean X. immacul/- pennis, Champ. (1915), the antenne and legs stouter, the elytra each with three small fuscous spots. Less elongate than X. undulatus, Champ. (1915), from Penang, the head rufescent, the elytra shorter and differently marked. X. sulcd- thorax, Pic (1914), also from the Philippines, is said to have a similarly canaliculate prothorax, but it differs in other respects. Xylophilus philippinus, sp. n. 3. Moderately elongate, shining (when denuded), pruinose; testaceous, the eyes black ; closely, finely punctate. Head broad, transverse, much developed behind the eyes, the post- ocular portion (as seen from above) about equalling them in lengtli; eyes moderately large, distant ; antenne slender, long, joint 3 small, not longer than 2, 11 obliquely acuminate. Prothorax transversely quadrate, narrowed in front. Elytra moderately long, about twice as wide as the prothorax, sub- parallel in their basal half, flittened on the disc anteriorly. Legs long; anterior tibize curved, angularly dilated at about their outer third (appearing strongly sinuate within) ; poste- rior femora thickened, hollowed along their lower face; basal joint of posterior tarsi very elongate, slender. Length 2} mm. Hab. PuiurerPinEs, Basilan Island (C. /. Baker). One male, perhaps slightly immature. The broad post- ocular portion of the head, rather small eyes, slender antenne, with small third joint, long legs, peculiarly shaped @ anterior 402 Mr. G.:C. Champion on tibiz, and pallid coloration are the chief characters of this insect. X. philippinus can be placed near X. parvicollis, Champ. (1916), from Assam. Xylophilus stratus, sp. n. Oblong, rather convex, shining (when denuded); rufo- testaceous, the eyes and a sharply defined, outwardly-widened, post-median fascia on the elytra (the fascia narrowly inter- rupted at the suture) black; clothed with a very fine silky pubescence ; closely, finely punctured, the puncturing of the prothorax dense. Head very broad, truncate at the base, narrowly extended and subangulate on each side behind the eyes, the latter large and somewhat distant; antenne short, not very slender, joint 3 as long as 4, 9 and 10 transverse, 11 stout, acuminate. Prothorax transversely subquadrate, narrowed in front, obliquely bi-impressed before the base. Elytra oblong, wider than the head, obliquely depressed on the disc anteriorly. Posterior legs comparatively short, the femora moderately thickened, the tibize also rather stout. Length 14 mm. Hab. SINGAPORE. One specimen, sex not ascertained. A small, oblong, rufo- testaceous insect, with the elytra sharply nigro-fasciate towards the apex, the antennz short, the posterior legs com- paratively short and moderately thickened, the surface appearing opaque till the vestiture is removed. The black elytral fascia is placed nearer the tip than in most of the similarly coloured Xylophit known to me. Xylophilus biguttatus, sp. Oblong-oval, convex, shining, eae Rte testa- ceous, the eyes black, the elytra each with a ies large oblique piceous spot at the middle of the dise not quite reaching the suture; closely, not very finely, the elytra more coarsely, punctured. Head short, broad, truncate posteriorly, narrowly extended on each side behind the eyes, the latter large, some- what distant ; antenne rather long, not very slender, joint 3 longer than 2 or 4, 7-9 about as long as broad, 10 transverse, 11 acuminate-ovate. Prothorax as wide as the head, short, transversely subquadrate, the hind angles rectangular, the disc unimpressed. lytra much wider than the head or prothorax, subparallel in their basal half, slightly depressed at the base within the humeri, for the rest convex. Legs rather elongate ; posterior femora moderately clavate, the tibice a little widened. some Eastern Xylophilids. 403 Length 2;'5 mm. flab. PHttipPINnEs, Basilan Island (C. F. Baker). One specimen, possibly g, the anterior tibize being percep- tibly curved. A small, oblong, convex, shining, testaceous insect, the elytra piceo-biguttate and rather coarsely punc- tured, the puncturing of the prothorax also strong. The first ventral suture is just traceable across the middle. Not unlike X. meranganus, Champ. (1916), from Sumatra. The red head, broader prothorax, and differently coloured elytra separate X. biguttatus from X. trinotatus, Champ., from Tenasserim. Xylophilus breviculus, sp. u. Oval, rather convex, robust, shining, finely pubescent ; testaceous, the eyes and a spot on the dise of the prothorax (possibly due to discoloration) black; closely, finely, the elytra more coarsely, punctured. Head broad, truncate posteriorly, narrowly extended on each side behind the eyes, the latter large, distant ; antennze short, rather stout, joint 3 a little longer than 2, 5-10 transverse, 11 oval. Prothorax convex, short, as broad as the head, rounded at the sides anteriorly. Hlytra oval, short, wider than the prothorax, unimpressed. Legs short; posterior femora stout, clavate, the tibie widened. Length 13 mm. Hab. PHILIPPINES, Basilan Island (C. F. Baker). One specimen, A very small, oval, convex, shining testa- ceous insect, much smaller than X. biguttatus, the antennze short and rather stout, the legs short, the posterior femora relatively thicker. Xylophilus sandakane, sp. n. Oblong-oval, shining, finely cinereo-pubescent ; nigro- piceous, the palpi, joints 4-11 of the antenne, the coxe, bases of the femora, knees, tibiz (the median third of the posterior pair excepted), and tarsi testaceous; densely, finely, the elytra a little more coarsely, punctured. Head broad, truncate behind; eyes very large, occupying nearly the whole of the sides of the head, somewhat distant ; an- tenng rather long, slender, slightly thickened towards the tip, joint 3 as long as 4, 11 stout, acuminate-ovate. Prothorax transverse, rounded at the sides anteriorly, shallowly, ob- liquely bi-impressed before the base. Hlytra much wider than the head, oblong, obsoletely depressed below the base. AOL Mr. G. C. Champion on Posterior legs comparatively short, the femora clavate, the basal joint of the tarsi rather stout, long, almost straight. Length 13 mm. ( ??.) flab. Borneo, Sandakan (C. F. Baker). One specimen, in perfect condition. A small oblong-oval insect, with the body uniformly piceous, the antenne rather slender, testaceous, with joints 1-3 infuscate, and the legs partly testaceous, the posterior pair somewhat feebly deve- loped. This species can be placed near X. curtus, Champ. (1916), from Assam, the latter having shorter and stouter antennae. Xylophilus microphthalnus, sp. n. Oblong-oval, rather convex, shining (when denuded), very finely sericeo-pubescent ; rufo-testaceous, the legs paler, the eyes black, the antennz obscure ferruginous, paler at the base and tip ; closely, finely, the elytra more distinctly, punctured. Head a little wider than the prothorax, truncate posteriorly, rather broadly extended on each: side behind the eyes, the latter comparatively small, convex; antenne thickened, joint 3 as long as 4, 5-10 transverse, 11 acuminate-ovate. Prothorax transversely subquadrate, depressed on the disc before the base. Elytra oval, almost unimpressed. Posterior femora moderately clavate. Length 13 mm. Hab. Puitiprines, Los Baftos (P. L. Baker). One example only of this convex ruto-testaceous form has been sent. ‘The small, prominent eyes, oval, unim- pressed elytra, rather stout antenne, and silky pubescence are its chief characters. Smaller than X. sandakane, the antennee stouter, the head broadly extended behind the eyes, the body differently coloured. Indian forms. Xylophilus albolineatus, sp. n. Moderately elongate, rather broad, shining; black, the palpi, tarsi (except the basal joint of the intermediate and posterior pairs), and the cox and bases of the femora to a variable extent, testaceous; clothed with rather long, ad- pressed, fuscous and whitish hairs, the latter condensed on the elytra into a posteriorly-abbreviated sutural streak, an oblique line on the disc exterior to it, and a common, arcuate subapical fascia, the hairs along the sides of the elytra, and on the under surface, antenne, and legs, also whitish ; some Eastern Xylophilids. 405 densely, finely, the elytra more coarsely, punctured. Head a little wider than the prothorax, truncate at the base, ex- tended on each side behind the eyes, the latter large, distant ; antenne moderately long, somewhat thickened, joint 3 about as long as 4, 11 obliquely acuminate. Prothorax trans- versely subquadrate, narrowed anteriorly, depressed laterally towards the apex. LElytra oblong, broad, not very long, with a common, deep, arcuate exeavation below the base extending forward to the humeri. Tarsi slender. Posterior femora stout, clavate. Length 24 mm. Hab. 8. India, Kodaikanal (7. V. Campbell). Two specimens, ?g\ and @, one of them in good condition, the other imperfect, both presented to the Museum by Mr. H, A. Butler. An isolated form, with a shining black body, the tarsi in part and the palpi flavescent, the long elytral pubes- cence partly whitish, and arranged into irregular lines and a subapical fascia, the post-basal depressions deep and oblique. X. melanotus, Champ. (1916), from Assam, is perhaps tlie nearest ally known to me. Xylophilus brunneomaculatus. ? Hylophilus brinneomaculatus, Pic, ‘ L’Echange,’ xxiii. p. 182 (1907). oe brunneomaculatus, Champ. Trans. Ent, Soc, Lond. 1916, p- 20. Hab. InpDi1A, Himalaya. T'wo imperfect specimens recently received from my son (H. G. C.) from W. Almora differ from the two recorded by me from Kasauli and Simla in their much darker coloration : the head and a common, broad, indeterminate median fascia on the elytra are black, and the legs, prothorax, and posterior portion of the elytra infuscate or piceous. The antenne are entirely testaceous and formed as in the examples described by me in 1916. The angularly dilated sides of the prothorax separate the present species trom X. rosti, Pic, from Kulu, an insect compared with X, neglectus, Duval, and at present unknown to me. Xylophilus himalaicus, sp. n. @. Elongate, rather broad, robust, shining, finely, some- what sparsely pubescent ; black, the tarsi (the infuscate basal joint of the posterior pair excepted) and palpi testaceous, the elytra (a space along the sides extending from a little below the humeri to near the tip and the apical margin excepted) reddish brown ; closely, strongly, the elytra more ~ 406 On some Eastern Xylophilids. coarsely, punctured. Head broad, truncate at the base, nar- rowly, subangularly extended on each side behind tie eyes, the latter large, distant ; antenne stout, moderately long, joint 3 as long as 4, 8-10 transverse, 11 obliquely acuminate. Prothorax transversely subquadrate, narrowed in front, distinctly canaliculate towards the base. Elytra rather long, much wider than the head, narrowed from about the middle, obliquely depressed on the disc anteriorly. Posterior femora moderately clavate. Length 24-23 mm. Hab, Inp1A, W. Almora in Kumaon (17. G. Champion : x. 1919): . Two specimens. Very like X. crassipes, Champ., from Ceylon (1915, type ¢), but larger, broader, and nore robust ; the antennee stouter and wholly black (except at the extreme tip); the puncturing of the head stronger; the elytra bordered with black at the apex, the post-basal depressions shallow. Xylophilus varus, sp. n. 3. Moderately elongate, rather broad, shining, finely pubescent ; testaceous, the head nigro-piceous; closely, finely, the elytra a little more coarsely, punctate. Head broader than the prothorax, narrowly extended and subangular behind the eyes, the latter large and separated by a rather narrow space ; antenne very long, about the length of the elytra, not very slender, the joints subcylindrical, 3 about as long as 4 [11 wanting]. Prothorax convex, transverse, narrowed anteriorly, without definite impressions. Elytra moderately long, comparatively broad, subparallel in their basal half, slightly depressed within the humeri. Legs long [posterior pair wanting] ; intermediate tibize abruptly bowed inward from a little beyond the middle. Length 24 mm. Hab. 8. InpiA, Kodaikanal (7. V. Campbell). One male, presented to the Museum by Mr. E. A. Butler. Larger than the Cingalese X. ertbricollis, Pic (= mucronatus, Pic), the antennee and legs much elongated, the intermediate (instead of the anterior) tibie abruptly bowedin g. Judging from the structure of its allies, the posterior femora in the present species should be clavate and more or less infuscate in the same sex. A smaller g, from the Nilgiri Hills (4. Z. Andrewes), now wanting the antennee and the anterior and posterior legs, may belong to the same species: the elytra, however, have the suture in part and a spot at the sides beyond the middle infuscate. X. nigropictus, Champ. (1915), from Kandy, has similar intermediate tibiz in ¢. A Key for Identifying the Species of Cephalodiscus. 407 LIV.—A Key for the Ready Identification of the Species of Cephalodiscus. By W.G. Ripewoop, D.Sc. In the Report on the specimens of Cephalodiscus obtained by the ‘Terra Nova’ on the British Antarctic Expedition of 1910-1913, published in 1918 by the British Museum (Nat. Hist.), there is given a synopsis of the species at present known, and a list of all recorded specimens (pp. 66-77). The particulars therein set forth were derived mainly from an examination of actual specimens, but in the case of five species that were not available for personal study they were taken from the published descriptions. ‘The list records the latitude and longitude of the locality from which each specimen was obtained, and is supplemented by two maps showing the geographical distribution of the various species. It has been pointed out that the synopsis and list would have been of greater service if there had been appended a key or table such as would enable those who have not made a special study of the genus to identify readily the species of any material that might come into their hands. ° It is with a view to supplying this deficiency that the present key has been drawn up. Seeing that it 1s only intended as a supple- ment to the Report, to be used in conjunction with the synopsis, only a few explanatory notes need be given here. Three subgenera of Cephalodiscus are at present recog- nized, the first two—Deméothecia and Idiothecia—being intro- duced in 1907 in the Report on the Pterobranchia of the National Antarctic Expedition (‘ Discovery’), and the third — Orthoecus—added by Andersson later in the same year in his report on the Pterobranchia obtained on the Swedish South-Polar Expedition of 1901-1903. The differences between Orthoecus and Idiothecta are much less pronounced than are those between Jdiothecita and Demiothecia, and on p. 19 of the ‘ Terra Nova’ report are given the reasons for transferring Schepotieff’s species, ¢ndicus, from the subgenus Idiothecia, in which he placed it, into the subgenus Orthoecus. The reasons for regarding Andersson’s ¢nequatus as synonymous with hodgsoni are published in the report on the Pterobranchia of the Scottish National Antarctic Expe- ditiod (1902-1904, ‘ Scotia’), 1913, pp. 559-563. Cephalo- discus cequatus is not easily separated from C. hodgsoni, but the evidence is not sufficiently strong for regarding the two as synonymous—see ‘ Terra Nova’ Report, pp. 59 and 69. Since the characters that distinguish the species hodgsoni, equatus, and dodecalophus cannot be expressed in a few 408 Dr. W. G. Ridewood—A Key for the Ready words, the synopsis itself should be consulted by those wishing to discriminate between these species. As regards the two diminutive species of the subgenus Demiothecia, Harmer writes (‘ Pterobranchia of the ‘‘ Siboga ” Expedition of 1899- 1900,’ Leiden, 1905, p. 4) :—“ The possibility is not excluded that C. siboge is the male form of C. gracilis.” A study of the large and varied collection of C. densus obtained by the ‘Terra Nova’ leads to the conclusion that what Andersson described as C. rarus is but an early colony of C. densus, with the tubes of the ccencecium lax, straggling, and irregular, instead of closely set and more or less parallel —see ‘Terra Nova’ Report; pp. 39-40. Gravier’s species—C. anderssoni—is with difficulty distin- guishable from C. densus; his description of the zooids is incomplete, and the principal feature that distinguishes the ccencecium of his species is the aggregation of the tubes into clumps or clusters which stand out more or less distinctly from the other clumps—see ‘Terra Nova’ Report, pp. 40 and 76. The present key is so drawn up as to bring the species nigrescens and solidus together. Although belonging to different subgenera, they have many points in common, and I was for some time uncertain whether the cone-shaped colonies obtained.on the Australasian Antarctic Expedition of 1911-1914 were small, short-tubed colonies of C. solidus or unbranched colonies of C. nigrescens—see report on the Pterobranchia of the expedition, Sydney, 1918, pp. 19-20. The arms of well-preserved zooids of C. nigrescens show a characteristic double black band on the axis, but the bands are lost in badly preserved material. On the other hand, it is not definitely known that the zooids of C. solidus do not possess such bands ; Andersson does not mention them, and the zooids of one of his specimens that I had an opportunity of studying do not show them ; the material, however, is not well preserved, and there are evident signs of the colour of the zooids having become diffused and reduced in intensity. The key is also arranged so as to bring together the two specially arenaceous species agglutinans and evansi; thie former has black zooids and the latter white. Although C. agglutinans differs from the other species of /diothecia in the tubes not ending blindly in the middle of the branch, the character is not readily determined, owing to the transparency and thinness of the tubes and the confusing effect of the numerous particles of shell embedded in the ccencecial substance. Identification of the Species of Cephalodiscus, 409 The only species outside the subgenus Deméothecia that has spines on the coencecium is C, gilehr iste, The length of the zooids given in the key is that from the free ends of the arms to the end of the trunk, not including the stalk. I. Cavities of the ccencecium in the form of tubes. Hach tubular space with a single orifice, and occupied by one zooid and ita” buds. Arms without end-swellings and refractive beads. A. Coencecium in the form of a branching system, with the newest tubes at the apices ofthis, branches ses ss 8 Sk A ee ee a. Internal ends of the tubes communicating by a labyrinthie system. 1. Branches massive, fragile, with abun- dant fragments of shell embedded ; each ostium with a short, blunt lip, but no peristomial tube. Zooids 45 mm., blackish; arms 8 or 9 pairs. agy/utinans. 6. Internal ends of the tubes blind. 2.. Branches massive, fragile, with abun- dant fragments of shell embedded ; each ostium with a short peristomial tube. Zooids 3°56 mm., white; arms Belally: EPA As 53, ihe ae 6 wane Aen nn), CDARSE 5. Branches fairly long, slender, not fragile, with numerous long s spines; brownish ; ostia with or without peristomial tubes. Zooids 1°6 to 1°8 mm., blackish when alive, brown in preserved material, with blackish margin to anterior edge of shield ; arms usually 6 pairs ..., gélchristi. 4, Branches medium or slender, orange- coloured, nospines ; each ostium witha single-lipped peristomial tube. Zooids 2°5 mni., whitish; arms 6 pairs .... levinseni. — 5. Branches massive, rarely slender, greyish or brownish, no spines; each ostium with a short, single-lipped peristomial tube. Zooids 4:0 to 60 mun., blackish ; arms usually 7 pairs, each with two black bands along the axis.......... magrescens, B. Coeneecium in the form of a hemisphere, cone, or cake, with the newest tubes at the edges ; basal ends of the tubes blind . Orthoecus. 6. Cclony bulky and massive, tubes as common ccenccial substance firm ; each ostium with a single thick lip, Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. v. bo WH 410 Mr. H. A. Baylis on edge of ostium thick. Zooids 4:0 to 5:0 mm., blackish, fading to pale brown ; arms usually 8 pairs ...... solidus. 7. Colony bulky and massive, or small and lax if young (rarus), tubes long, common ccencecial substance soft and spongy ; ostium without a definite lip, transverse or oblique, edge of ostium thin. Zooids 4:0 to 7-0 mm., brownish or greyish ; arms usually 8 pairs.... densus (including ra- (7ws and (?) anderssont). 8. Colony diminutive, orange when fresh, pale in alcohol; ostia without definite lip. Zooids 2°2 mm., pale; arms 3 PHES ne ees Rete sale tice Sigls opie: LICE II. Cavity of the ccencecium continuous, and occu- pied in common by the zooids and their buds. Coencecium branching, with numerous spines. Arms of zooids commonly with end-swellings beset with refractive beads ............ .. Demiothecia. a. Colony up to 200 or 250 mm, in height, coencecium amber-coloured or pale. 9,10, 11. Colony much branched. Zooids : 2-0 to 3:2 mm., erimson, brown, violet, or pale; arms 5 or 6 pairs. Species not easily distinguished, but hodgsunt is somewhat more robust, and with larger zovids, than dodecalophus ........+: .. dodecalophus, hodg- [sont, (tnequatus = [hodgsont), equatus. b. Colony diminutive and delicate, coencecium orange-coloured. 12. Zooids 1:3 mm., orange-coloured, with a few tracts of black pigment; arms 5 pairs, with end-swellings in buds. No males known ...... d Hee eae sdae pinn egraciha.: 18. Zooids blackish; neuter zooids ]*3 mm., arms 4 pairs, no end-swellings; male zooids with one pair of arms only, with- out tentacles, numerous refractive beads. No females known....... ii tweeb eps siboge. LV.— Observations on the Genus Crassicauda. By H. A. Bay.is, M.A. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) Two sets of specimens from Deception Island, South Shetlands, kindly sent to the Museum recently by Mr. A. G. Bennett, throw interesting further liglit on this little-known genus of Nematodes. The host, in both these cases, was the Eee the Genus Crassicauda. 411 blue whale (Balenoptera musculus), and the worms were found with their caudal ends hanging freely into the urinary passage. In one case portions of the host’s tissues (penis) were forwarded, and show the head-ends of the worms still deeply embedded. ‘The tissue being very firm and muscular, and having been hardened in formalin, it has proved im- possible, as is usually the case, to extract the worms intact. They pursue a very tortuous course in the tissues, and are easily broken in the attempt to remove them. The present account, therefore, will necessarily be confined to the cha- racters of the posterior end. In a former paper (1916) the writer described what was believed to be the head of an example of Crassicauda crassi- cauda (Crepl.). Up to that time there was no definite ground for believing that the genus included more than one specics. In view, however, of certain considerations now to be set forth, there seems to be good reason for suspecting that two, and perhaps three, species of Crass¢cauda occur in whales. The original worms described by Creplin (1829) as Filaria crassicauda were comparatively small, 64 inches being given as the length of a complete male, 12 to 13 inches as that of a complete female. Creplin describes and figures a single spicule in the male. The greatest thickness (and this in one exceptionally thick female) was about 1 line [=about 2 mm.]. Leiper and Atkinson’ (1915), reporting on material con- tained in the ‘Terra Nova’ collection, which they had previously (1914) referred to C. er assicauda (inaking this the type of the new genus), remark that they were unable to find any spicules in the males, and conclude that they are absent. They also state that the material (which consisted only headless fragments) ineluded portions of both males and females of a length of 16 inches. A re-examination of the ‘ Terra Nova’ material, now in the British Museum, and its comparison with the new material from the South Shetlands, lead me to believe that the latter represents the true C. crassicauda, while Leiper and Atkinson’s determination of the former as belonging to Creplin’s species was erroneous. It is proposed, therefore, to regard the ‘Terra Nova’ specimens as representing a new and larger species, which may be named Crassicauda boopis. It attains a thickness of between 3 and 4mm. Leiper and Atkinson unfortunately gave no figures of the worm. Figures of both forms are therefore given here for comparison. The material sent by Mr. Bennett includes fragments measuring up to about 16°56 cm. [=6$ inches] in length and not more than 2 mm. in thickness, ‘Tlie males have a 28" 412 Mr. ft. A. Baylis on strongly coiled tail, and are provided with two spicules, which, though small, are easily seen in cleared specimens. These spicules (figs. 1 and 2 B) are unequal in length, measuring 0°62 mm. (left) and 0°3 mm. (right) respectively. They are completely covered externally with small rough granulations. _ Hach spicule is considerably expanded at its proximal end and blunt distally. . The tails of both sexes show a very marked difference in size between the ‘ Terra Nova’ and Mr. Bennett’s specimens. In the male (fig. 2) the distance from the cloacal aperture Big, Crassicauda crassicauda. The two spicules of the male, seen from the left side. to the tip of the tail is about three times as great in the former as in the latter. In the female (figs. 3 and 4), in all cases and in both species, the curious constriction in the region — of the vulva, described and figured by Creplin, is well-marked. The vulva (figs. 3 A and 4, v.) lies. towards the anterior end of the constriction, and the caudal end assumes the shape of a rounded or oval knob. ‘he anus (figs. 3 A and 4, a.) lies in a depression at the posterior end of the latter. According to Creplin’s figures, the terminal knob would measure 5 mm. in length in an exceptionally large specimen. Leiper and the Genus Crassicauda. 413 Atkinson place the constriction at 3mm. from the extremity, but this is clearly an understatement, as in some of the ‘ Terra Nova’ females it is over 5 mm. from the tip of the tail. In the South Shetlands specimens the terminal knob measures only 1 mm. to 2°5 mm. in length, Fig. 2. Nearly ventral views of the tail of the male, (A) of C. boopis, (B) of CU. crassicauda, drawn to the same scale of magnification. The writer has failed, as did Leiper and Atkinson, to discover any spicules in the ‘Terra Nova’ males. . The remote possibility that they might have been left in the vagina of the females after copulation was thought of, but 414 Mr. H. A. Baylis on examination of several females did not lead to the confirmation of this idea. x A a. (A). C. boopis ; tail of female, seen from the left side. a., anus; v., vulva; va., vagina. } (B).. C. erassicauda ; outline of tail of female, drawn to the same scale of magnification as (A). As regards the caudal papille of the male, Leiper and Atkinson state that there are on either side eight in the the Genus Crassicauda. 415 ‘Terra Nova’ material. On re-examination, however, the writer has not found less than nine on either side in any individual, while in one case (fig. 2 A) there were as many as Fig. 4. | 8) aM "WU O.} ? a., anus; v., vulya; 2. C. crassicauda ; tail of female, nearly ventral view. va., vagina, twelve on the left side and eleven on the right. It is not easy to count the papillee accurately, owing to an infolding of the sides of the tail towards the mid-ventral line, so as to 416 Mr. H. A. Baylis on form a groove extending from the cloaca to the tip of the tail. Some of the papillz are not infrequently carried over so as to lie on the inside of this groove, and are thus only seen with some difficulty. In any case, however, the number on each side does not seem to be constant. The same remarks apply, on the whole, to the material from the South Shetlands, the infolding of the sides of the tail (fig. 2B) being often very marked. In this case the Jargest number of papillee counted was eleven on the right side and eight on the left. The tail is laterally compressed in both forms, and slightly asymmetrical, the right side tending to be a little longer than the left. This is probably Fig. 5. C. crassicauda ; views of the caudal ends of two pairs of individuals, to show the position during copulation. a peculiarity connected with the mode of copulation, which is well seen in the material sent by Mr. Bennett. Several pairs of individuals have remained, on fixation, in the position indicated in fig. 5. The manner in which the tail of the male is coiled round the constricted portion of the female is apparently constant. The tail makes two or three turns in the direction of a right-handed screw, but the last turn is reversed, so that the tip of the tail comes to lie in front of, instead of behind, the previous coil. This seems to offer an explanation of the slight asymmetry of the tail. Though Creplin noted the constriction in the region of the vulva, and speculated as to the probability of its being a natural the Genus Crassicauda. 417 structure or artificially produced by the pressure of the male, he does not appear to lave seen specimens in the position of copulation, nor did the ‘Terra Nova’ material throw any light on this point. From the constancy with which the constriction appears in females of all sizes, it seems probable that it is a preformed structure, and not merely due to the act of copulation itself. The vagina (figs. 3 A and 4, va.), in both species, is very short and muscular, and gives off, almost immediately in front of the caudal constriction, two uteri, which are thick-walled and have a narrow lumen. ‘These, after forming one or two coils, run, parallel to each other and nearly straight, in the Vie. 6. O-/ mm. Ova, (A) of C. boopis, (B) and (C) of Crassicauda sp. (?) from Hyperoodon, (C) represents a later stage than (B), and shows the thickened belt of chitin. direction of the head. The ova (fig. 6, A) have a very thick shell, and in both forms measure about 50 4x35. They contain a coiled embryo when laid. As regards the anterior end previously described by the writer (1916) as that of C. crasstcaudu, it is not at present possible to decide to which of the two species here distin- guished it belongs. From its size alone it appears more probable thatit is C. boopis than C.crassicauda. ‘The various records of the occurrence of the supposed C. erasstcauda were collected in the same paper, and a list of hosts was given. This, in view of the fact that the species of Crassicauda cannot now be regarded as one, will require some revision ; 418 On the Genus Crassicauda. but it is impossible to settle definitely at present which records refer to which species, except as regards those dealt with in the present paper. There seems to be reason for believing that yet a third species of Crassicauda may exist, differing from the two already considered in the size and structure of its eggs, and probably in other particulars. In 1916 Mr. Bennett sent to the Museum some fragments, in poor condition, of what appeared to be a species of this genus, from the kidney of a Hyperoodon, from the South Orkneys. The fragments contain immense numbers of ova (fig. 6, B, C) of a larger size (66 wx 33 w) than those of C. crassicauda and C. boopis, and of characteristic structure, in that the shell, in the fully- formed condition, has a thickened belt of chitin round the middle region, the ends being comparatively thin-shelled. The following brief generic diagnosis may now be given (it being borne in mind that no complete account yet exists of any species) :— CrASSICAUDA, Leiper and Atkinson, 1914. Filariide (?): Mouth without lips, but with one small papilla and three larger, more lateral papillee on either side * ; cuticle thick, transversely striated, sometimes raised into a swelling which appears to act as a “holdfast.” Male with laterally compressed and spirally coiled tail, with a ventral groove behind the cloaca; at either side of the groove a somewhat irregular row of genital papille ; two small unequal spicules present, or spicules absent. emale with vulva near the posterior end of the body, in a constriction just in front of the knob-like caudal extremity ; vagina very short ; uteri two, parallel; anus terminal ; ova with thick shell, con- taining a coiled embryo at the time of laying. Hab. Various parts of the urinogenital system (or, excep- tionally, other parts of the body) of Cetacea. Genotype: C. crassicauda (Creplin, 1829) [nee C. crassi- cauda (Crepl.) of Leiper and Atkinson, 1914 & 1915). Two species may at present be distinguished with some certainty, though their characters are as yet incompletely worked out, and the determination must depend upon measure- ments when male tails are absent :— 1. Crassicauda crassicauda (Crepl.). Two unequal spicules present in the male. Thickness of * See Baylis, 1916. On Freshwater Fishes from Madagascar. 419 either sex not exceeding 2mm, _ Distance of cloacal aperture of male from tip of tail about05 mm. _ Distance of vulva from tip of tail about 1°5-3 mm. a Balenoptera physalus, B. musculus, and (?) other whales. 2. Crassicauda boopis, sp. n. [=C. crassicauda (Crepl.) of Leiper and Atkinson, 1914 & 1915.] Spicules absent. Thickness of either sex may reach 3 mm. or more. Distance of cloacal aperture of male from tip of tail about 1°5 mm. Distance of vulva from tip of tail about o-7 mm. Only certain host: Alegaptera nodosa. REFERENCES. Bayuis, H. A. 1916. “On Crassicauda erassicauda (Crepl.) [ Nema- toda] and its Hosts,” Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xvii. pp. 144-148, CrEPLIN, F.C. H. 1829. [Descriptions of new species of Filaria and Monostomum found in “ Balena rostrata” |, Verh. d. K. Leop.- Carol. Ak. d. Naturf. (Bonn), xiv. 2 Abth. pp. 871-882, pl. lii. Lerprr, R. T., and Atkinson, E. L. 1914. “Helminthes of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910-1913,” Proc. Zool. Soc. . 222-226. —. 1915. Parasitic Worms: British Antarctic (‘Terra Nova’) Exp. 1910, Natural History Report, Zoology, ii. 3, pp. 19-60, pls. i—v. [British Museum (Nat. Hist.).] LVI.—Freshwater Fishes from Madagascar. By C. Tate Recan, F.R.S. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) I, A COLLECTION MADE BY THE Hon. P. A. METHUEN, A COLLECTION of fishes made in Madagascar in 1911 by the Hon. P. A. Methuen has been sent to me for determination by the Director of the Transvaal Museum, Pretoria. The list is as follows :— Anguillide. Anguilla mossambica, Peters. Lake Alaotra and Ambatoharanana, E. Madagascar. 420 Mr. C. T. Regan on Syngnathide. Doryichthys millepunctatus, Kaup. Folohy, E. Madagascar. Centropomide. Ambassis commersonii, Cuv. & Val. Folohy and Ambilo, E. Madagascar. Liognathide. Gerres filamentosus, Cuv. & Val. Ambilo (lagoons). Gerres methuent, sp. n. Depth of body 23 in the length, length of head 3 to 3}. Snout as long as or a little shorter than diameter of eye, which is 8 to 34 in the length of head and nearly equal to the interorbital width. Maxillary extending to below anterior 1 of eye; 3 or 4 series of scales on cheek ; 7 or 8 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. 44 scales in a longitudinal series, 5 beteen lateral line and scaly sheath at base of spinous dorsal, 12 or 13 below lateral line, 7 or 8 from base of pectoral to middle of chest. Dorsal X 9; third spine nearly as long as or a little longer than second, 4 to 2 length of head. Anal III 7; second spine a little longer than third, ? to $ length of head. Pectoral longer than head, nearly or quite reaching origin of anal. Caudal widely forked. Caudal peduncle as long as or a little longer than deep. Dark longitudinal stripes along the series of scales. Three specimens, 100 to 140 mm. in total length, from Folohy-and lagoons at Ambilo, H. Madagascar. This species is distinguished from Gerres lineolatus, Giinth., by the deeper form and the shorter second dorsal spine. Liognathus dussumieri, Cuv. & Val. Ambilo (lagoons) and Folohy. Monodactylide. Monodactylus argenteus, Linn. Ambilo (lagoons). Freshwater Fishes from Madagascar. 421 Cichlide. Paratilapia polleni, Bleek. Lakes Alaotra and Rasoabé, E. Madagascar; Andranolalio, S.W. Madagascar, In seventeen specimens I count X-—XITI 9-12 dorsal and III 8-11 anal rays, 28 to 30 scales in a longitudinal series and 8 or 9 gill-rakers on the lower part of the anterior arch. Ptychochromis oligacanthus, Steind. Ambilo (brackish lagoons) ; Folohy ; Lake Rasoabé. In nine specimens I count XITI-XIV 11-13 dorsal and III 7-8 anal rays. Paretroplus polyactis, Bleek. Ambilo (brackish lagoons) ; Folohy ; Lake Rasoabé. In nine specimens I count XVI-XVII 16-19 dorsal and VII-VIIL 14-16 anal rays. Carangide. Caranx melampygus, Cuv. & Val. Ambilo. Mugilide. Mugil robustus, Giinth. Folohy. Atherinide. Atherina alaoirensis, Pellegr. Lake Alaotra, Lake Rasoabé, and Ambatoharanana, HE. Madagascar. Bedotia madagascariensis, Regan. Lake Rasoabé. 422 | Mr. C. T. Regan on Eleotrida. Eleotris fusca, Bloch. Ambilo and Lake Rasoabé, E. Madagascar; Andranolaho, S.W. Madagascar. Eleotris legendrei, Pellegr. Ambilo, Lake Alaotra, Ambohidratrimo and Ambato- haranana, KE. Madagascar. Eleotris tohizone, Steind. Lake Alaotra. Gobiide. Gobius eneofuscus, Peters. Ambatoharanana, E. Madagascar; Maroamalona, S.W. Madagascar. Gobius giuris, Ham. Buchan. Ambilo, E. Madagascar ; Andranolaho and Maroamalona, S.W. Madagascar. II. THe MADAGASCAR CICHLIDA. The Cichlid fishes of Madagascar belong to three endemic genera, which are defined below. 1, ParativariA, Bleek., 1868 (type P. pollent, Bleck.). Dorsal X-XIJI- 9-12. Anai III 8-11. Scales cycloid or feebly denticulate, large (28-30) ; two lateral lines. Mouth terminal ; end of maxillary exposed ; teeth in jaws conical, in 3 to 5 series, outermost enlarged. Lower pharyngeals united by a straight suture to form a triangular plate; ante- rior teeth conical, posterior somewhat compressed and indis- tinctly bicuspid, hooked. Occipital and parietal crests ending above middle of orbits ; a broad.nedian depression in anterior part of frontals. Posterior part of parasphenoid forming a strong apophysis, compressed antero-posteriorly, ending in a pair of transverse oval facets for articulation of the upper pharyngeals. Vertebre 27 (13414); third with paired inferior apophyses ; preecaudals with parapoplyses from the fourth ; ribs subsessile. Madagascar ; a single species. Freshwater Fishes from Madagascar. 423 This genus is closely related to Pelmatochromis, Steind., from the Congo and West Africa ; as now restricted, Pelmato- chromis includes only species with few vertebra (25 to 27), short lower lateral line, and cycloid-scales (species 4 to 21 of Boulenger’s synopsis, with the addition of 5 placed in Para- tilapia, viz. P. cerasogaster, P. dorsalis, P. luebberti, P. corbali and P. thomasi). In Pelmatochromis the pharyngeal apophysis of the parasphenoid is not so strong as in Para- tz/apia and the inferior apophyses of the third vertebra unite to form a median spine, but other differences from Paratilapéa are unimportant, 2. PTYCHOCHROMIS, Steind., 1880 (type Ti/apia oligacanthus, Bleek.). Dorsal XIJI-XV 10-14. Anal III 7-12. Scales finely denticulate, large (32-36) ; two lateral lines. Mouth ter- minal; end of maxillary exposed ; teeth in jaws compressed, bicuspid, in 3 to 5 series, outermost enlarged, inner small. Lower pharyngeals united by a sinuous suture to form a triangular plate, with large rounded blunt teeth in the middle posteriorly and slender bicuspid teeth elsewhere. Occipital and parietal crests extending forwards to above middle of orbits ; former high, ending behind a median depression on frontals. Posterior part of parasphenoid forming a strong apophysis with flattish heart-shaped articular surface for upper pharyngeals. Vertebre 28 (14414); third with inferior apophyses which unite below to form a median spine ; precaudals with parapophyses from the fourth ; ribs, except the first, on parapophyses. Madagascar ; two species. Related to Tylochromis, Regan, differing especially in having the teeth bicuspid instead of conical. Tylochromis occurs in West Africa, the Congo, and Tanganyika. 3. Parerrop.us, Bleek., 1868 (type P. damii, Bleek.). Dorsal XVI-XX 11-18. Anal VII-X 9-14. A scaly sheath at base of dorsal and anal fins. Scales cycloid, large (32-37) ; two lateral lines. Mouth terminal ; end of max- illary exposed ; teeth in jaws uniserial, compressed aid some- what spatulate; one or two median pairs enlarged. Lower pharyngeals united by a sinuous suture to form a strong triangular plate ; most of the teeth stout, rounded, with flat surfaces. Occipital crest strong, extending forward to ante- rior end of frontals; parietal crests weak, ending above middle of orbits. Pharyngeal apophysis strong, formed by 424 On Freshwater Fishes from Madagascar. parasphenoid only; articular surface broadly ovate, almost heart-shaped. Vertebree 34 (17+17); fourth with a pair of very small inferior apophyses ; precaudals with parapophyses from the fourth; ribs subsessile. Madagascar ; two species. This genus is quite distinct from any of the African genera, but is closely related to the Indian Etroplus, which differs from Paretrop/us in its more generalized dentition, the jaws with 2 or 3 series of tricuspid teeth, those of the outermost series enlarged, in the adult truncate, often without lateral cusps, and the lower pharyngeal with most of the teeth slender, uni- or bicuspid, only the two middle rows being formed of large blunt teeth. The Madagascar Cichlidze belong to three endemic genera, two of which appear to be related to West-African genera, whilst the third is closely related to, but more specialized than, the only Indian genus of the family. Kxcept the Cichlids, none of the families of fishes characteristic of the fresh waters of Africa occurs in Madagasear, which is popu- lated chiefly by freshwater genera or species of marine families (Kuhliide, Atheiinide, Hleotride). The Ostario- physi, which are dominant in the freshwater fauna of all other parts of the world except the Anstralian Region, are absent from Madagascar, except for two species of tle endemic genus Ancharius, which belongs to the Ariide, one of the two families of Siluroids that form an exception to the rule that the Ostariophysi are strictly freshwater fishes. The presence of Cichlidee in Madagascar is probably due to the fact that some fishes of this family are found in waters of fairly high salinity. Species of each of the three Madagascar genera have been found in brackish lagoons on the coast, whilst Htroplus suratensis of India and Ceylon is charac- teristically an estuarine fish, and, according to Day, “ extends its range into brackish or even saline water.” It is evident that Madagascar has not been connected during the Tertiary with either Africa or India to an extent that sufficed for the passage of true freshwater fishes, but it may have received its Cichlid from Africa at a time when it was only narrowly sepa- rated from or even temporarily connected with that continent, and perhaps from India when the islands of the Indian Ocean were more extensive and a brackish-water fish might pass from one to another; this time can hardly have been later than the beginning of the Miocene. On the Anatomy of Paludestrina jenkinsi. 425 LVII.—On the Anatomy of Paludestrina jenkinsi. By G. C. Rosson, B.A. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) [Plate XV.] THE Gastropod Paludestrina jenkinsi, first described by K. A. Smith (13) in 1889, has been for the last thirty years an object of interest for British malacologists on account of its rapid spread through the inland waterways of Kngland, Wales, and Ireland. It has recently attracted fresh attention owing to the discovery made by Boycott (2), and confirmed by Quick (10) and Gatenby and Robson (MS8.), that it is parthenogenetic. The precise nature of this parthenogenesis, whether absolute or periodic, has yet to be determined ; but since the animal has been under close observation no trace of a male has been discovered. The following account of part of the anatomy of this mollusc is based upon material obligingly presented to the British Museum by numerous collectors. It is hoped to publish in the present year an account of the reproduction of this form. Great difficulty was eneountered in the preparation of material for study owing to the animal’s contractility, small size, and power of resistance to anesthetics. It was hence practically impossible to get satisfactory expansion of thie anterior part of the body. Small shreds of tobacco and alcohol gave the most satisfactory results for this purpose ; but it usually happened that after slow and careful narcoti- zation extending over four or five days the animals would suddenly contract, or, when at last properly expanded and insensitive to touch, they were found to be dead and already showing signs of maceration. The best results for general purposes were obtained by eliminating narcotization, and, after very carefully cracking away the shell, placing the animals directly in Bouin’s solution (picro-formalin with a small quantity of glacial acetic acid), in which they were left for not less than ten hours, after which they were washed in 70 °/, alcohol and proceeded with as usual. EXTERNAL FEATURES AND BEHAVIOUR. The shell and external features have been described by Smith (13) and others; but the following additions and corrections may be made. The animal when in captivity crawls about fairly actively with a continuous movement of the foot like a Planarian, waving its long slender tentacles and moving the head from side to side in an inquisitive manner. As Smith points out, Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. v. 29 426 Mr. G. C. Robson on the the head is usually not very much protruded beyond the shell, though one can generally see the eyes. The buccal mass can be seen working backwards and forwards if the animal is browsing. ‘The colorationis variable. Specimens have been found almost colourless, with two narrow bands of black pigment running backwards from the base of the tentacles. More usually this pigment is very dense on the head, muzzle, and upper and anterior parts of the foot, while on the sides and back of the foot it is less well developed. The foot-sole is invariably colourless except for the stripes referred to by Smith, Contrary to Smith’s statement, the animal is frequently seen floating on the surface-film (v. anon under “ Pedal Glands’’), and on one occasion it was observed to make use of this faculty in a peculiar fashion. If it is turned over on to the back of its shell it usually rights itself by rolling the front of its foot backwards over its head, getting a foothold, and pulling itself over by a leverage of the foot on the right- hand side of the shell-aperture. One was being prevented from doing this * when it suddenly stretched its foot upwards to the surface of the water and drew itself away from the detaining needle by this method. INTERNAL ANATOMY. The only substantial account of the anatomy of this genus of which the author is aware is by Henking (5) upon Hydrobia [=Paludestrina] ulve, Pennant. Henking’s paper and the present account do not cover the same ground, but, where possible, full comparison is made between the two forms, The Alimentary Canal. The mouth, when viewed transversely, presents the same general featuresas H. ulve. ‘The oral cuticle is not developed to the same thickness, however, while the vertical depth is greater in P. jenkinsi. The oral musculature does not corre- spond with that figured by Henking, the small dilators (ms) shown by him being absent in P. jenkinst. Separate elements corresponding with Henking’s lip-protractors are found. ‘The jaws are situated much as in P. ulve. Henking does not describe them in detail. In P. jenkinsi they consist of about ten to twelve rather irregular columnar pieces of specialized cuticle, of which the median are the largest (Pl. AVe fied); Behind these the mouth expands laterally and is flattened dorso-ventrally over the lingual cartilages. Owing to the thick investment of muscle and the consequent difficulty in * In a watch-glass full of water. Anatomy of Paludestrina jenkinsi. 427 dissecting out the two cartilages it is rather difficult to be certain as to the exact position the latter occupy. They are rather irregular, thick, flattish plates, the ventral edges of which are flanged outwards both anteriorly and laterally. They are loosely united in the median line ante- riorly and dorsally, and diverge ventrally and posteriorly. When separated out they appear to be rather asymmetrical. The finer structure is as described by Henking, except that it is doubtful whether the dark pigment referred to for ulve is present in jenkins?. The radula has been figured and described by Woodward (14), and that of P. ulve by Lehmann (6) and Meyer and Mobius (7). The anterior part of the cesophagus is very much folded dorsally. This folded condition is found in ulve, but it is very much more marked in the present species, the roof of the cesophagus being divided into three main divisions, each of which again exhibits lateral diverticula (Pl. XV. fig. 2). The stomach is a fairly large organ of irregular size, situated mainly in the body-whorl. For the most part it is thin-walled. It is lined with a relatively thick cuticle, which is apparently confined to the stomach and does not extend down. the intestine as it does in some other forms. On the average, the cells giving rise to this cuticle approxi- mate in size to those figured for Valvata piscinalis by Bernard (5), though they do not appear to be so regular (Pl. XV. fig. 4). It is interesting to compare the stomach- epithelia of these two forms with that figured by Randles (11) for Zrochus. It may be pointed out, however, that in certain areas just below tie cuticle a layer of (sc.) pigment- granules was found (cf. Randles, J. ¢.). Anteriorly the stomach gives off a large sac for the reception of the crystalline style, and parallel to this and opening into the stomach in the same plane is a well-marked pylorus, from the anterior extremity of which the intestine is given off. The pylorus and style-sac are in communication with each other by a narrow slit extending down nearly the whole of their length. This arrangement appears to be rather un- common, and the author has not succeeded in finding any cases exactly analogous among other Tenioglossa. The internal (right-hand) wall of the posterior chamber of the stomach shows a well-marked ridge such as is found in other Teenioglossa, and the aperture of the style-sac and pylorus is marked by a strong annular development of cuticle. « “Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, London, bf Notes on. “the Asilidee: Sub- Avision Aside . + Rink tae Cs 3 ‘ Fs Sa TRUDE Ricarvo ee re eres eeret ee ete x < pene eees oa ee eek . stele’ LITI, On some asa Xylphitis [Coleoptera Cnaurion, F.L8. Rie) po Cae a Se Ve . Cephalodisous. By W. G. Ranewooo, D D. Se. . 5a see ee ie LY. Observations on the Gems Crassicaude, By H. A Bana, 2 ; No. 30. ae Vol. 6. NINTH SERIES. .. THE ANNALS AN MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, INCLUDING ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, anp GEOLOGY. ' CONDUCTED BY Meso’ ed WILLIAM CARRUTHERS, Pu.D., F.R.S., F.LS., F.G. S., LS. F.Z.8., SIR ARTHUR E. SHIPLEY, G.B.E., M.A. Sc.D., F.R AND RICHARD T. FRANCIS, F.Z.8. 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[Concluded from p. 393. ] \ YUN AL 192 “ Lysmachus hirsutus, 3, sp. 0. Ngee Musee a Type (male) and another male from Ulundi, Natal, 5000- 6000 feet, Sept. 1896 (G. A. K. Marshall),_ 1903, Ve A female from Willow Grange, Natal (W. C. Wr oughton) , in I. E. E. Coll., appears to be identical with these males. A very hirsute black species with a large moustache and mane. Legs almost wholly black. Moustache black with a few white hairs only. Genitalia very long and_ slender. Scutellum with very long stout black bristles. Length 17-18 mm. Male.—Face with greyish tomentum, almost entirely covered by the thick black moustache which extends to the antenne and is composed of black bristly hairs, the few white hairs are chiefly on the upper part. ‘Antenne blackish, the third joint wanting, the first two joints with black- bristly hairs below. Forehead with long black hairs. The curled-over bristles long and black, a bunch of white hairs at vertex between them. MHairs round head black and then white. Thorax blackish with yellowish tomentum, the mane composed of some outstanding black bristles and thick black hairs between, the bristles on posterior part of thorax black Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. v. 30 434 Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilide. and long,-a few weak whitish hairs appear among them and also at sides of mane. Scutellum black with a bunch of whitish hairs in the middle and long strong black bristles on dorsum and on posterior border. Abdomen with a large black spot on each segment and greyish tomentum at sides and on dorsum; bristles at the segmentations black and about three deep ; the pubescence short, white; underneath with long weak whitish hairs and black bristles. Genitaha shining black, long ; the upper forceps slender, drawn out to a long point, stout on their basal half, and with a curved lower edge thickly covered with white hairs ; under lamellz short, stout, with short black pubescence. Legs blackish or bronze-coloured, the tibize very obscurely reddish at their base, with long black and white hairs and short white pubescence and stout black bristles ; the femora with long weak black and white hairs and black bristles, and some short white pubescence on their upper edges ; tarsi blackish or obscurely reddish with white pubescence and black hairs and bristles. Wings clear, veins blackish, the small trans- verse vein beyond the middle of the discal cell. Dysmachus montanus, sp. 0. Type (male), type (female), both from Mt. Mlanje, Nyassaland, 19. ix. 1913 (S. A. Neave), in I. H. E. Coll. A small dark species with a well-marked black mane and black and white moustache. Pubescence on abdomen and legs chiefly white, and some white bristles on the legs. Length, ¢ 138, 2? 14 mm. Male.—Face with glistening white tomentum. Moustache composed of stout black and white bristly hairs, the white hairs chiefly on upper part intermixed with black. Antenne blackish brown with chiefly white hairs on the first two joints, the third with rather a long arista. Beard white. Forehead with white hairs near antenne and black bristles beyond. The curled bristles at back of head black and very long and stout, round the head with white hairs, Thorax metallic brown with two well-marked dark stripes and with some grey tomentum; the mane consists of black hairs and numerous longer outstanding black bristles ; the presutural, supra- and postalar bristles all two in number and black ; pubescence on dorsum short, white. Scutellum with a bunch of white hairs on each side and two in the centre, two stout black bristles on posterior margin, and another row of three or four in front of them. Abdomen blackish brown with white tomentose segmentations, most noticeable at the sides ; — - -- Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilide. 435 the posterior borders of the second and third appear reddish ; each segment is armed with very stout black bristles at the sides ; the pubescence on dorsum is chiefly white, longer and thicker on the first two segments ; short white bristles are present on the sides of abdomen and a few below on thie underside, which is also covered with white pubescence. Genitalia blackish, stout, with chiefly. white hairs, club- shaped. Legs blackish, only the knees and base of fore tibize dull testaceous, the white pubescence is long on the coxe, short but fairly thick elsewhere, long on the underside of the femora and tibiz ; white bristles are visible on the middle of hind femora, two or three in number, on the middle tibiz, and especially on the anterior pair w here they are long and stout, and are contifucd on to the tarsi in both pairs, elsewhere the bristles are black. Wings clear, uni- formly greyish. Female identical. Moustache is yellower on the upper part and largely predominates, not being bordered by black hairs. Abdomen not so strongly armed with bristles, the white ones predominate. Ovipositor black and shining, short with a few yellowish hairs at apex. Legs with many more white bristles on the hind femora and middle pair, but none on the tarsi. Wings with the small transverse vein beyond the middle of the discal cell as in the male. Dysmachus similis, sp. nu. Type (male), type (female), from Bloksberg, Johannesburg (C. H. Pead), 1907, 250 ; and another female from Bar- berton, Transvaal (H. Kdwards), April 1911, in Cape Coll. Very similar to D. wroughtoni, sp. u., but distinguished from it by the shorter genitalia of male and by the ‘bristles on the legs in the female being chiefly white. Distinguished from D. natalensis, sp. n., likewise by the genitalia and by the long numerous black bristles on the scutellum. It is very nearly allied to D. montanus, sp. n., from which it differs in the following particulars :— Male.—Moustache is large, composed of black and white bristles intermingled, a few yellowish hairs are also visible. The front two joints of antenne are armed with very strong black bristly hairs on the underside, with a few short white ones on the upperside. The curved bristles are very long, black and yellow. The mane has dull yellowish. hairs bordering the thick black short ones, and there are many 30* 436 Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilide. outstanding long bristles, a few red ones appear on posterior part of thorax and all the side-bristles are reddish. Seutellum with many very stout, long, black bristles in the centre, a dozen or more, and tufts of white hairs on each side. Abdomen denuded, the bristles are white, pubescence whitish. Genitalia simple, the upper forceps long but tapering to a point, which is, however, rather obtuse, covered with short white pubescence, the under pair short black with some long white hairs. Legs with white pubescence, the hind femora with yellowish bristles, the fore and mid tibiz with long yellowish hairs below, the hind ones with black hairs ; the bristles chiefly black, but long yellowish ones are present on the fore and middle pairs; the tarsi with almost wholly black bristles. Female identical, the white bristles on tibiz rather more numerous, also present on the hind pair. Oviposiior short, not much longer than the last segment. Length, J 18, ¢ 17 mm. Dysmachus nigricans, sp. n. Type (male) from Piet Retief, 4100 feet, Transvaal, 23. viii. 1908 (Capt. R. Crawshay). Type (female) and another from same locality and same collector ; all in Brit. Mus. Coll., 1904, 43. A small dark species with black mane, almost wholly dark legs and abdomen. Moustache black and white. Distinguished from Dysmachus montanus by the absence of white tomentum, white bristles on the abdomen, and of white bristles on the legs. Length, 3 133, 2 13 mm. Male.—Face black (denuded). Moustache large, extending to the antennz, composed of black bristly hairs with only a few stray white hairs. Antenne wanting. Forehead with many long bristly hairs. The curled bristles at back of head very long and stout, extending as weaker black bristles a little way round head, and followed by white hairs. Beard white. Thorax blackish, covered with brownish tomentum ; the median stripe is dark and distinct; the mane, wholly of black hairs and longer black outstanding bristles, is large . for such a small fiy and extends thickly to the scutellum, the pubescence on dorsum is scanty, of black and some white hairs. Scutellum armed with very Jong black bristles on its posterior margin and others inside, nine or ten in all, and some black hairs intermixed. Abdomen, somewhat denuded, Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilide. 437 appears black with brownish tomentum, with some long black bristles and with rather thick black pubescence on the dorsum ; underside thickly clothed with black bristles and hairs. Genitalia short and stout, testaceous at apex, other- wise black with some white hairs above and black hairs below arranged in tufts. Legs black, the knees and base of anterior tibiz dull testaceous, all bristles black and the pubescence black, longer on undersides of femora and tibiee. Wings clear, a little tinged with yellow along the veins. Female identical. Moustache with more white hairs. Abdomen with traces of white hairs on the second segment and with long ones on the underside. Legs have some short white pubescence on underside of fore tibize and on under- side of hind femora. Note by collector as follows: ‘Taken on the bare wind- swept mountain-top, almost the only living insect.—R. C.” Loew’s Division II”. Mane not extending the whole length of thorax. Dysmachus albopilosus, sp. n. Type (male) from Howick, Natal (J. P. Cregoe), 1903, 212; and other males in Brit. Mus. Coll. Type (female) from Willow Grange, Natal (2. C.Wroughton), in I. K. E. Coll., and other females from same locality ; also from Howick and from Estcourt, Natal, Sept., Oct., 1896 (G. A. K. Marshall), 1903, 17, in B.M. Coll. A species distinguished by the short genitalia of males and the short ovipositor of females. Mane white posteriorly, all hairs and bristles on scutellum white and most of the bristles on the legs white or yellow, and on the abdomen the same eolour. Legs almost wholly metallic bronze- coloured. Distinguished from Loew’s species, D. setiventris, by the absence of black bristles on the seutellum and the tibize are not brown. Length, ¢ 13-16, 2 13-18 mm. Male.— Face covered with pale yellowish tomentum., Moustache composed of chiefly yellow hairs, with black hairs at the sides, but none near the oral aperture, fairly thick, reaching the antennz. eard white. Antenne with the first two joints blackish with black bristles, the third wanting. Forehead with some black hairs and bristles. .The curled 438 Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilidee. bristles at back of head are black, on each side of the vertex. Mane apparently does not begin till the middle, although a row of very short hairs are visible in most of the specimens anteriorly on the median line, becoming longer below the collar; the mane proper begins at the suture in the form of long black bristles on each side, enclosing short black hairs which are replaced by long dirty yellow hairs reaching the posterior border; most of the bristles on each side of thorax are yellowish and long. Scutellum almost bare, with long yellow bristles on its posterior border, six or more in number, interspersed with a few weak yellow hairs. Thorax and scutellum bronze-green with greyish-yellow tomentum. Abdomen the same colour, the tomentum thickest at sides and on segmentations, having a large brownish spot on each segment ; bristles on sides yellow, two deep ; pubescence on dorsum very short, pale yellowish; underside identical. Leys wholly bronze-green with whitish pubescence and longer pale yellow hairs below femora and tibize, all the bristles yellow. Wings greyish, the small transverse vein at about the middle of the discal cell. emale identical, some black hairs present near the oral opening, third joint of antennz with arista a little more than half its length. Ovipositor short, about the length of the last segment, black shining with some dirty yellow pubescence at tip. Dysmachus nigripes, sp. n. Type (male) from Willbrook, Natal, 17. ii. 1914. Type (female) from Willow Grange, Natal (R. C. Wrough- ton), other males from same localities ; two from Mfongosi, Zululand (W. EH. Jones), and another female from Willbrook ; all in I, EH. E. Coll. A species nearly allied to Dysmachus albopilosus, sp. u., but differing from it in the shape of the genitalia, which are here a fair length and slender, the moustache is also wholly yellow, and the legs entirely blackish. Length, ¢ 16-18, ? 17-18 mm. Male.—Face covered with glistening yellowish tomentum. Beard not very thick, composed of fairly long yellow bristly hairs, not reaching the antennz, the space between being occupied by long black bristles, which in some specimens continue a short way alongside of yellow hairs. Palpi with long yellow hairs. Antenne blackish, the first two joints with black bristly hairs below and a very few white ones on upperside, arista more than half the length of the third Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilidee. 439 joint. Forehead with chiefly black bristly hairs. The curled bristles are black and strong, with a few white bristles each side, the hairs continued round head are white. Beard white. Thorax bronze-green, covered with greyish-yellow tomeutum and with well-marked median and side stripes. Mane very meagre, hardly typical of this genus, composed of scanty short yellow hairs beginning from the middle only, sur- rounded by very short black bristles ; all the side-bristles are also stout but yellowish; the pubescence on dorsum black, short; a row of these hairs in place of a mane can be seen on the anterior part on the middle line. Scwtellum with stout yellowish-white bristles on its posterior border and weak hairs of the same colour on its dorsum. 4ddomen covered with yellowish tomentum, thickest at the sides and on the segmentations, leaving a large dark spot discernible on each segment ; dorsum covered with short yellow pubescence, the bristles are whitish and long ; underside with a few and also long yellowish hairs. Genitalia large, black, the upper forceps long, stout, and swollen at base, continued in a long curved point, the points meeting each other, leaving a large circular space between them; they are covered with rather thick yellowish-white pubescence ; under-forceps short with long yellowish-white hairs. Legs wholly bronze-coloured, covered with thick short white pubescence and stout yellow bristles, the middle and posterior femora heavily armed with them; only a few black bristles are present, two at apices of fore femora, and a group of short ones on the dorsum of the fore tibiz, or they are extended along the edge in some specimens, and a few black bristles are present on the tarsi. Wings clear, veins brown, the small transverse vein beyond the middle of the discal cell. Female is identical ; the black bristles above moustache are fewer in number. The curved bristles are all yellow. Thorax has some short yellow pubescence. Ovipositor short, the upper part covered with dense greyish tomentum on its basal half, the apical half narrower, black and shining, ending in a curved point, the lower part almost all black. Wings clear, greyish. One of the specimens from Zululand is much larger, and has one black bristle on the scutellum. . Dys¢éiytus, Loew. Ofvers, Kongl. Vet.-Akad. Férhandl, xiv, 1857, pp. 361 & 368 (1858). This genus was formed by Loew for one species, D. spurcus, 440 Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilide. from the Cape, evidently identical with Walker’s species. The genus is distinguished from Dysmachus by the absence of a tubercle on the face, no curved bristles at back of head, and the moustache is thick with coarse bristles, but not wall- like as in Dysmachus, and it is much less pubescent on the body. No other species has as yet been recorded. Dysclytus firmatus, Walker. Trans. Ent. Soc. London, n. ser. iy. p. 180 (1857) [-Astlus]. [ Dysclytus spurcus, Loew. ] Walker’s type, a male, is from Port Natal. A female from Stellenbosch, Durban, 21.xi.1916 (C. N. Durham); in Cape Coll. Museum. A large species, blackish, with greyish-yellow tomentum. Moustache black above, yellow below. Legs reddish, the femora largely black, chiefly below. Scutellum with two or more black bristles. Ovipositor in female black, very long, composed of the seventh and eighth segments. Genitalia of male long, black ; under lamelle very short. Wings large, clear, shaded grey at apex and on posterior border. The male measures 24 mm., the female 25 mm. Loew gives 20-24 mm. : NEODASOPHRYS, gen. Nov. This genus is nearly allied to Dasophrys, but is distinguished from it primarily by the absence of the dilation of wing on fore-border in the male. The three species placed here are all characterized by the long hairs on the legs, thickest on the fore femora and tibie. The tubercle on face is as in Dasophrys, with a fine-haired moustache. The hairs on thorax form a thin mane, but few bristles are present, and then only on the posterior part. Neodasophrys natalensis, sp. n. Type (male) from Karkloof, Natal, Feb. 1897. Type (female) (G. A. K. Marshall), 1903, 17, and two other females from the same locality. A large blackish species with brick-red tibiz and long yellowish hairs on them, and long black hairs on the femora. Moustache black and yellow. Genitalia of male very long. Length, ¢ 25, 9 24-28 mm. Male. — Face covered with yellowish-white tomentum. Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilide. 441 Moustache of fine long black hairs and yellow one§ below, placed on an indistinct tubercle which extends to the antenne. Beard of long yellow hairs. Palpi with black bristly hairs. Antenne blackish, the third joint long with a long arista, the first two joints with black hairs. Forehead with long black hairs. Curved bristles all black and hairs round head; halfway round, yellow hairs take their place. Thorax blackish with narrow grey tomentum stripes ; dorsum with black pubescence, which forms a very thin mane in the centre, anteriorly of short hairs and posteriorly of longer ones ; presutural bristles two, supra-alar two, postalar two very long ones, all black and interspersed with long, fine, black hairs; the posterior part of dorsum with thick, fine, black, long hairs, a few black bristles interspersed. Scutellum with some black hairs and a row of black bristles on the posterior borders. Abdomen blackish with yellowish tomen- tum, which predominateson the last twosegments; pubescence whitish, yellower on the first segment at sides; underside with rather thick whitish pubescence, no bristles present. Genitalia very large and longer than the last three segments together, club-shaped but flattened at the ends; under lamellz triangular, proceeding from beneath the last segment, ending in a blunt point, clothed with black hairs ; a fringe of black hairs are very evident, proceeding from below the border of last segment ; pubescence on the upper forceps black and fairly long above and below, a few yellowish hairs are visible above. Legs black, the fore and middle tibize brick-red, only black at their apices, the hind pair red for two-thirds of their length only, the fore and middle femora with long black and yellow hairs below and shorter black ones above, the hind pair with only black hairs and with black bristles; the fore tibiz with long silky yellow hairs below and long black hairs above at sides, and shorter black pubescence on dorsum, one large black bristle at top, the middle pair the same, the hind pair with long not thick black hairs and very few yellow ones, also armed with very strong black bristles ; all tar-i with black pubescence and strong black bristles; pulvilli large, orange-yellow, some yellow hairs present on the tarsi. Wings longer than the abdomen, with blackish veins, tinged brown; the second posterior cell bulges a little into the first one, the second submarginal cell nearly as long as the second posterior cell, the small transverse vein beyond the middle of the discal cell. Female identical. Abdomen rather lighter in colour. 442 Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilide. Oviposttor loug, black, including the seventh and eighth segments; end-lamelle free, the seventh segment forming the base with some black hairs, the rest of ovipositor com- pressed, bare. Neodasophrys hirsutus, sp. v. Type (male) from Bluff, Durban, 2. v.1917 (C. N. Barker), No. 2074 in Durban Museum Coll., and two females; another female the same, 30. vi. 1918, No. 2262. Type (female), Port Shepstone, Natal, May 1897 (G. A. KK. Marshall), 1908, 17. A species more pubescent than Neodasophrys natalensis, distinguished by the shaded transverse veins of wings and by the pale base of tibiz, which are reddish with long reddish- brown hairs. Length, ¢ 21, ? 18-21 mm. Male.—Face bronze-coloured with yellowish tomentum. Moustache reaching the antennz, composed of long fine black hairs and a few yellow ones below. Palpi with black hairs. Antenne almost jet-black, the first two joints with short black hairs, the third long with an arista equal in length to it. Forehead with long black pubescence. Curved bristles black, the hairs round head yellowish, becoming very thick and noticeable on the lower half, as in NV. natalensis species. Thorax with a broad median black stripe and short side-stripes, rest of dorsum covered with yellowish tomentum and with short black pubescence ; the thin mane composed of black hairs becoming longer and thicker posteriorly and with a bunch of yellow hairs in the centre on posterior border. Presutural bristles two, supra-alar one, postalar three, but all very long and not very stout, and interspersed with long black hairs. Scutellum covered with yellowish tomenutum and with very thick yellow long hairs, the posterior border with black bristles. Abdomen with a deep black spot on each segment, bordered with yellowish tomentum, pubes- cence on dorsum short, black, on the first segment and at sides are long yellowish and reddish hairs, a few black ones above; underside with long, silky, yellowish-red hairs. Genitalia large, club-shaped, flattened at the ends, identical with those of N. natalensis but not so long; pubescence black. JZegs with femora black, shining, extreme bases of tibiz pale yellow, merging into a pale reddish colour, tarsi the same, the last joint blackish ; the pubescence on femora Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilide. 443 consists of long fine black hairs; fore coxe with thick yellowish hairs, the cthers with black hairs; the tibiz with long reddish hairs below and at sides, on the fore and hind pairs agood many black hairs appear ; hind tibie with black bristles; tarsi with black hairs and bristles. Wings shaded brown on fore border, at apex, and in the centre of cells, transverse veins shaded brown, venation as in N. natalensis. Female identical, but the hairs on /egs not so long or thick, and chiefly black, in the type those on the fore and middle tibie are yellowish, and the fore tibie have a fringe of appressed orange hairs below; the hind femora with some shorter white hairs above, in another female the hairs on fore tibiz are wholly black. Ovipositor as in N. natalensis, but barely as long as the three preceding segments. Neodasophrys androclea, Walker. Type (male), in, bad condition, from S. Africa (Dr. Smith), 44,6. Malefrom Umbilo(d. Z. Bevis), 1916. Female from Megwavuma, Zululind, March 1917 (#.W. Baxter), both in Durban Museum Coll. A species nearly allied to Neodasophrys hirsutus, but smaller and with clear wings. Length, g 17, 9 21 mm. Male.—Scutellum with long yellowish-red bristles on its posterior border. In all other respects similar to Neo- dasophrys hirsutus. Female.—Tibiee with chiefly long yellowish hairs on each side on the middle pair, and black and yellow on the others. Ovipositor about as long as the three preceding segments. Murcaprituvs, Bigot. Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser, 3, v. p. 545 (1857). This genus is only distinguished from Dysmachus by the first posterior cell of wing being closed. Megadrillus brevipennis, g 3 , Macq. Dipt. Exot. i. p. 180 (1838) [Zophonotus]. Dysmachus elachipterus, Loew, Dipt. Siid-Afrik. i. p. 163 (1860) ; Schiner, Novara Reise, Diptera, p. 186 (1868). One male from Ceres Div., Matroosberg, 2500 feet, in Cape Museum Coll. 444 Miss G. Ricardo on the Asilidee. This species was described by Macquart from an unknown locality. Loew’s species from the Cape is evidently the same. This specimen in the Cape Museum Coll. answers to Macquart’s description, which is as follows :— ‘** Black, white-haired. Wings short, the first posterior cell closed. Length 7 lines, 3. “‘ Face, moustache, and beard white. Abdomen cylindrical, with a black triangular spot on each segment. Legs with black bristles. Wing a little brownish.” A pretty little species with a snow-white moustache, mane posteriorly white, with short black hairs anteriorly and out- standing black bristles along its whole length. Scutellum with the white mane continued in the centre and a tuft of white hairs on each side, the posterior border armed with four stout, long, black bristles. Genitalia small, black with white pubescence. Length 13 mm. ; Lophonotus heteroneurus, Macq., now in this genus, is described as having a large brown spot on wings with a black mane, and is from the Cape. Dasorurys, Loew. Ofvers. Kongl. Vet.-Akad. Firhandl. xiv. 1857, pp. 362 & 366, 29 (18658). This genus was formed by Loew for his species D. longi- barbis from Kaffraria. The genus is near Dysmachus, but distinguished from it by the long Jéamus-like ovipositor in the female, and by the widening of the wing on fore-border of the male. The face has an indistinct tubercle reaching the antenne. Schiner described another species, Dasophrys personatus, from the Cape, and Asilus nigricans, Wied., has been placed in this genus, also from the Cape; neither of these species is known to me. Dasophrys paron, Walker. List Dipt. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 450 [Asius], 1849, et vii. Suppl. 3, p. 714 [Lophonotus] (1855); Loew, Dipt. Siid-Afrik. i. p. 146 (1860) [ Lophonotus |. Dasophrys longibarbus, Loew, Dipt. Siid-Afrik. i. p. 166 (1860). Walker’s type (male) from 8. Africa (Dr. A. Smith), 44-6. Two males and five females from Junction Blaaw Krantz and Tugela River, Natal, Oct. 1896 (G. A. K. Marshall), 1903, 17. Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. 445 A large species, characterized by the widening of the wings in the male and by the long ovipositor in the female, by the tubercle on face reaching the antenne covered with the thick moustache, black above with some white hairs below. Legs are black, the tibize dull reddish or reddish yellow at their base, femora and tibiz with long fine chiefly whitish hairs. Scutellum with white hairs and black bristles. Loew gives 14-18 mm. These measure, f 18-22, ? 21 mm. LX.—Papers on Ortental Carabidee.—IV. By H. E. ANDREWEs. DRIMOSTOMINI, Genus Cosmopiscus, SI. This genus was described by Mr. T. G. Sloane in 1907 (Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. xxxii. p. 371) for a unique specimen, €. rubripictus, Sl., taken by Mr. Dodd at Kuranda, Queens- land. Mr. Sloane kindly sent me a second example of the genus from the Kei Is., which he thought was probably a small form of his own species : I quite concur, as, apart from its smaller size and the fact that the ferruginous pattern on the elytra is reduced, it agrees with the description, In 1873 (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 283) Bates described Ceelostomus (Stomonaaus) platynotus tor a single ¢ ex. taken by Mr. Geo. Lewis at Nagasaki, in Japan: he was struck at the time by the unusual form of this insect, but left it in the genus Stomonazus. Mr. H. Stevens has lately sent me five examples of this species from Gopaldhara, British Sikkim, which I have compared with Bates’s type; the localities are comparatively remote from each other, and I anticipate the discovery of further specimens in the intervening Southern Provinces of China. ‘T'wo out of the five specimens are of the same size as the Japanese insect, but tle other three, which I cannot separate from them, are a good deal smaller. Yet another species, with testaceous markings, as in the genotype, has been found in different parts of Central India by Dr. Annandale and Mr. E. A. D’Abreu. Before de- scribing this and giving a few further notes on Bates’s species, I think it desirable to reproduce Mr. Sloane’s description of the genus, with such modifications as are necessitated by the 446 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidae. inclusion of the two additional species. I also give a table differentiating the species. Ligula short, wide, truncate at apex, bisetose: paraglosse very narrow, adnate to near apex of ligula and projecting only a little beyond it. Mentwm moderately excised, sinus oblique at sides, with a short wide triangular tooth : epilobes rather pointed at apex and extending a little in advance of lobes. Palpi stout: labial with penultimate joint bisetose ; apical joint short, hardly longer than penultimate, compressed, truncate: maail/ary with apical joint short, hardly longer than penultimate, obtuse at apex. Labrum shagreened, truncate, sex-setose. MJandibles short, without seta in scrobe, pointed at apex, serrate along lower half of internal margin, right one with a small median tooth. Clypeus bisetose. Head small; front deeply and shortly bi-impressed ; eyes hemispherical, narrowly separated from buccal fissure beneath. Antenne short, moniliform, lightly incrassate ; joints 1-3 glabrous, 6-11 compressed, first large, about as long as second and third together, second shortest. Prothorax widely transverse, considerably wider at base than apex ; basal angles obtuse ; margins more or less bordered ; two marginal setee on each side, anterior just before middle, posterior at basal angle. lytra with bordered base ; apex sinuate and with margin interrupted on each side by an internal plica; no scutellary striole, interval 3 impunctate. Prosternum smooth ; intercoxal process more or less bordered. Metepi- sterna much longer than wide, punctate. Ventral surface more or less punctate along sides. Legs short: anterior tibiee with wide apex, rounded and spinose externally : tarsi short, glabrous on upper surface, joint 5 glabrous beneath, claws simple: anterior tarsi (¢) with joints 1-3 moderately dilated and biseriately squamose beneath, 1-2 triangular, 3 rather more quadrate, 1 shorter than 243, 4 very small: anterior tarsi (2?) with joint 1=2+4+3+4, first two joints with apex produced internally into a spiniform process: posterior tarsi slender, joint 1=2+3+44: posterior tro- chanters with a setiferous pore near base. The genus is allied to Celostomus (Stomonazus), but the antenne are more slender, tle thorax wider, nearly as wide as elytra, flatter, hardly contracted behind, median line and basal sulci much fainter, border less reflexed, elytra flatter, hardly contracted towards base, strie impunctate. Table of Species. — 1 (4). Prothorax with front and side margins bordered throughout, basal margin un- bordered, surface smooth. Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidae. 447 2 (8). Black, unicolorous; shoulders of elytra dentate; Simian ne - eae ee o's gee ore Emon « platynotus, Bates. 3 (2). Black, with ferruginous pattern on elytra ; shoulders of elytra not dentate ........ rubropietus, Sloane. 4 (1). Prothorax bordered throughout, except over middle third of front margin, and between the basal sulci; surface punctate at sides of base, elytra black, with testaceous pattern, shoulders not dentate.......... picluratus m. Cosmodiscus platynotus, Bates. Length 6-8 mm. Prothorax much more narrowed in front than the descrip- tion indicates. There is a border along both front and side margins, but none along basal margin. As in the other species the surface is a little flattened out near hind angles. There are a few punctures in the basal fovese, and the mar- ginal channel at sides is also irregularly punctate, but the surface is otherwise quite smooth. ‘The elytra are very short, hardly wider than the prothorax; the basal border is pro- duced at the shoulder and forms a small but distinct tooth. On the underside, the prothoracic epipleures are very wide, and the intercoxal process is unbordered or bordered at extremity only; the mesepisterna, sides of metasternum, metepisterna, and sides of ventral surface are all coarsely punctate, Cosmodiscus picturatus, sp. n. Length 6:0-6°5 mm.; width 2°60-2:75 mm. Black, shiny; border of prothorax and elytra, under surface of head, sterna, apex of ventral surface, tibia, tarsi, and joints 1-3 of antennz ferruginous; rest of legs and an elytral pattern testaceous. The elytral pattern consists of : (1) a slightly oblique streak on the shoulder, covering approximately intervals 5-8 at base, and terminating on interval 6 about halfway towards apex ; (2) a horseshoe- shaped mark, commencing at three-fifths from base and convex towards apex, interrupted on sutural intervals, the front part on intervals 4-5, the hind part on 2-8, the colour on these last extending a little towards apex; (3) a short oblique streak, close to apex, on intervals 7-8. (In the type and Oxford specimens the elytral pattern is light in colour and well developed ; in all the others the markings, which are rather darker, are more or less evanescent, disappearing in some examples on the shoulder and in others near the apex.) Head (about 1°30 mm. wide) convex, smooth, shiny, 448 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidee. with deep, short, divergent frontal fovee. Prothorax trans- verse (about 2°0 mm. wide), shiny, moderately and uni- formly convex, except that the sides are rather flattened, especially near hind angles ; base slightly bisinuate at sides, wider than apex, front margin truncate, angles rounded, inconspicuous ; sides moderately rounded, hind angles ebtuse but not much rounded, all margins bordered, except that the border is obsolete over the middle third of front margin and between the basal sulci ; median line faint, basal sulci narrow but well marked, punctate, as is the flattened area at sides. Elytra ovate, shiny, about half as long again as wide, shoulders rounded (but the basal border is bent a little forward towards them), moderately striate, intervals nearly flat, a little more convex towards apex. Prosternal process bordered in front, but not at extremity ; mesepisterna and metasternum smooth. The species is a little more elongate than the genotype, the thoracic border interrupted in front, but extending over the sides of the base, basal sulci wider and deeper, sides punctate near hind angles, shoulders of elytra less rounded, intervals flatter, testaceous pattern evidently differing. ‘Central Provinces: Nagpur, 1000’, 27. vili. 1917, “at light,” 1 ex. (type) (Z. A. D’ Abreu). Orissa: Lake Chilka, Barkuda and Gopkuda Is., 7 ex., some “at light” (Chilka Survey and N. Annandale)—Indian Museum. ‘“ India,” 1 ex.— Hope Dept., Oxford Univ. Museum. Mr. D’Abreu has kindly allowed me to retain the type- specimen in my collection. NEBRIINI. Leistus championt, sp. n. Length 8°75 mm ; width 3°0 mm. -Piceous: margin of prothorax, mouth-parts, tibie, tarsi, and antennee (joint 1 darker) testaceous-red. Head wide (1°60 mm), elongate, smooth behind, a few fine punctures on vertex, rugose and punctate at sides; labrum porrect, only half as wide again as long, mandibles long, smooth, of same width (in front of lateral projections) to near apex, antennz and palpi very long and slender; tooth of mentum bifid, each point and the acute apices of the lobes with a strong seta; setiferous appendages at sides of max- illary stipes long and more or less cylindrical, that on the squama palpigera very long, with two sete, one terminal, the other a little below it, both directed inwards; at base of My: Daeeeteweres on Oninial Cavahid 045 mentum 4 sete arising from small tubercles, process at base of submentum sex-setose. Prothorax convex, just wider than head, widest a little before middle, equally contracted at extremities, base trun- cate, apex slightly emarginate ; sides moderately explanate, strongly rounded in front, sinuate some little way betore base, with which they form approximately a right angle, front angles quite rounded adjoining neck, a simall flat tu- bercle on each side on the explanate margin, midway between base and apex, but no seta is visible either there (though there is an evident pore and the seta is probably abraded) or at hind angles; median line evident, but not deep, trans- verse impressions and basal foveee deep, margins lightly and sparsely, base and apical area strongly punctate, the punctura- tion extending for some distance from both ends along the median line, disk very minutely and sparsely punctate. Elytra (5°0 mm. long) ovate, convex, almost parallel, border very slightly sinuate both behind shoulders, which though rounded are well marked, and before apex ; strongly punctate- striate, both strisa and punctures only a little less deeply impressed towards apex, intervals moderately convex, 3 with five punctures, marginal series on 9 consisting of some half- dozen punctures only. Sterna (except middle of meta- sternum), episterna, and sides of veutral surface at base coarsely and more or less confluently punctate ; anal segment with two setiferous pores on each side. The species differs from L. indus, Tchiteh., the only other species described from India, in its pitch-black colour, with- out blue or green reflections ; form more elongate, head, Jabrum, and mandibles all longer; prothorax narrower, con- tracted more abruptly behind, and sinuate at a greater distance from hind angles, surface more strongly punctate ; strie of elytra more coarsely punctate, the outer ones not obliterated towards apex, interval 3 with five punctures instead of three. The species appears to be allied to L. gracilentus, ‘I'chitch. United Provinces: W. Alinora Division, Upper Gumti Valley, April 1919, 1 ex., 9 (H. G. Champion). The type has been presented by Mr. Champion to the British Museum. LOROCERINI, Lorocera stevensi, sp. n. Length 8:0 mm; width 2°50 mm. Black with a faint greenish tinge ; mouth-parts, joints 2-11 of antenne, and tarsi reddish; tibiz and front and mid- trochanters dark red ; joint 1 of antenne piceous. Ann, & Mag: N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. v. 31 450 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. Head rather wide (about 1:5 mm.), impressions between eyes deep and confluent behind, with a few fine oblique strize on sides of front, smooth behind. Antenne long, reaching very nearly to middle of elytra; joint 1 long and thick, tapering at both ends, obliquely truncate at extremity, a single bristle on inner side at widest point, joints 2-4 tuberculate, a strong bristle arising from each tubercle, joints 5-7 with some bristles at apex; joint 2=5, 4 a little longer, 3 twice as long as 2, the remainder a little longer than 3. Prothorax (about 2‘0 mm. wide) convex, widest at middle, slightly emarginate at extremities, a little more contracted behind than in front ; sides regularly rounded, with reflexed margin, front angles rounded, hind angles obtuse but not much rounded; median line and hind transverse impression well marked, the front one and the little pit on sides of disk in front only faintly indicated ; surface smooth, base punctate. Elytra elongate-oval, very nearly twice as long as wide, shoulders very oblique, moderately striate, the striz finely but not very conspicuously punctate, intervals slightly convex ; three large punctures on interval 4, at a fourth, a half, and three-fourths from base, two similar punctures on interval 7 at a third and two-thirds from base. Episterna of meso- and metasternum, and sides of the latter, also sides of the ventral surface at base coarsely but not very closely punctate ; proepisterna punctate at base and apex. About the same size as L. pilicornis, F., but nearly black, tibia and tarsi darker, antenve lighter. Antenne much thicker and with longer bristles, first joint larger and longer ; prothorax with the little pits near front angles much less evident ; elytra with more sloping shoulders, less evidently punctured striz, and with two large punctures on interval 7 ; proepisterna punctate in front. ‘he position of the punctures on intervals 4 and 7 is almost exactly as in L. 10-punctata Kselisch. Bri ish Sikkim : Tonglu, 10,000’, 7 ex., g 9 (H. Stevens). Mr. Stevens has kindly allowed me to retain the type in my collection, Lorocera aparupa, sp. n. Length 9:0 mm.; width 3:0 mm. As the above description applies in great measure to this species also, I give below the points in which it differs. Size larger and form rather wider. Black without greenish tinge. Head with much smaller and shallower frontal fovee. Protlorax more transverse, hind angles a little rounded, the Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. 451 pits on sides of disk in front practically obsolete, base more closely punctate. Elytra less elongate, shoulders rather less cut away, intervals more convex, the front punctures on interval 7 wanting (but in the g specimen it is present on the right elytron). Front of proepisterna impunctate. United Provinces: W. Almora Division, Sunderdhunga Valley, 8000’-12,000’, June 1919, 2 ex., ¢ 2 (H. G. Cham- pion). The type (3) has been presented by Mr. Champion to the British Museum. ) ScARITINI. ZELMA, gen. nov. Ligula very small, narrow, (apparently) glabrous, concealed behind the supports of the labial palpi: paraglosse not visible. Mawille short, apex slender and glabrous, hooked, inner margin densely ciliate. Palpi very short and, when in situ, more or less concealed: mawillaries glabrous, apical joint three times as long as penultimate, tapering almost from base to extremity: /abeals with last joint a little longer than pen- ultimate, inflated at base and tapering sharply to apex, which is finely truncate, penultimate with two sete on inner margin near base. entum finely rugose, a little wider than long, moderately excised in front, base of excision straight, (appa- reutly) without tooth, epilobes very wide, the ridge separating , them from the lobes extending to base of mentum, two large pores near base of central part, which (viewed from below) is depressed; lobes pointed, more or less bordered, slightly rounded at sides, apex very obliquely truncate, surface pitted. Mandibles (appareutiy) without seta in scrobe, short, slightly curved, sharply pointed, with a rough inner edge. Labrum very short, front margin arcuate, sex-setose, but with some additional sete at sides. Antenne arising beneath a frontal plate, just before the eyes, moniliform, not quite reaching base of prothorax, joint 1 robust, a little longer than (each of) 2, 3, 4, and 11, which are about equal, remainder about two- thirds as long, pubescent from joint 2- (inclusive), more densely so after first third of joint 4. Head flat, semicircular, widest at base, which is emarginate in the middle to receive a projection of the prothorax, margin uneven, more or less serrate, bisinuate at sides, with deep frontal depressions, clypeal suture invisible; eyes invisible from above, coarsely facetted, sunk in sides of head, between them and buccal fissure (which is represented by a tine groove up to the in- - sertion of antennee) intervene first a deep groove, for the of 31* 452 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. reception of the first four joints of the antenna, and then a pitted space of about equal width, corresponding with the paragene. Prothorax strongly transverse, quadrate, pedun- culate, central part longitudinally raised, projecting in front into an indentation of head, with base emarginate and bi- tuberculate above peduncle: sides explanate and hollowed out, three or four large, transverse, shallow pits arranged longitudinally along them, bounded inwardly by a fine ridge: scutellum very small, situated on the peduncle. lytra tricarinate, base truncate, emarginate in middle, with small projections on each side of the emargination, resulting from extensions of the first carina, shoulders sharply rectangular, apex slightly truncate, the sutural angles just showing as a faint projection: outer carina forming the apparent margin, the real margin, inflexed, and invisible from above, separated from it by a shallow channel. Underside deeply pitted : epipleuree of prosternum wide in front, narrowed behind, undulating in correspondence with the transverse pits on upper surface: intercoxal process bordered, narrowed between coxee, and widened out horizontally behind, the border con- tinued obliquely forward in front across the prosternum, which is finely carinate down the central line: a deep bordered channel between epipleure and prosternum for reception of antenne, episterna shagreened and forming (as seen from beneatl:) the base of the antennal channel in front, but visible _ behind, where the channel widens out: mesepimera (appa- rently) reaching coxal cavities: metasternum channelled, the episterna long, narrow, and channelled behind: margins of ventral segments curving backwards at sides, penultimate and antepenultimate segments each with a deep, pitted trans- verse sulcus, apical segment with a setiferous pore at margin on each side. Legs short: front femora dilated, channelled beneath, tibize with two inconspicuous teeth below terminal one, tarsi minute, joint 1 as long as the rest together: mid- femora channelled beneath, with a tooth near base, tibiz slender, finely spinose, without trace of spur: hind coxe just meeting; claws minute. ‘There are fully developed wings beneath the elytra. The usual setze to be seen on various parts of the body in the Carabidee are almost entirely wanting, with the exception of those on the labrum, last segment of ventral surface, and legs, but the cleansing of the specimens must to some extent be responsible for this, and fresh material is required for examination. The remarkable feature in this new genus is the presence of antennal grooves on the underside, not only of the head, ~ Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. 453 but also of the prothorax. In the Cryptomorphine there is a groove on the underside of the head for the reception of the antenne, and in Scarites there is a shallow groove for the scape only. I know of no other instance in the Carabide of such a groove on the prothorax as well as the head. Zelma is evidently related to Solenogenys, described by Westwood in 1859 (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 170) for S. feda, a species taken by Bates on the Amazon. Apart from its larger size, this bears a strong superficial resemblance to Z. miranda, though in many of its characters it is strikingly different. In Solenogenys both the eyes and the margins of the elytra are visible from above, the antennal groove is confined to the underside of the head, and does not extend to the pro- thorax ; joint 3 of the antenne is much longer than 2 and 4, and the pubescence begins at joint 3; the mentum is toothed, the apical joints of the palpi are less inflated, the median part of the head is produced into a lobe beneath, the sides into two elongate processes, bounding the antennal channels; the under surface is not pitted, and the ventral segments are not trans- versely channelled. With regard to the position of the two genera, I think that the (apparent) absence of a seta in the mandibular scrobe, the fossorial front tarsi, the pedunculate prothorax, and the insertion of the antennze under frontal projections all point to their inclusion among the Scaritini. Putzeys, in his ' “Révision Générale des Clivinides” (Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. x. 1867), includes the genus Solenogenys, but does not comment on its unusual characters. It is clear to me that neither genus will fit either into the Scarites-group or the Clivina-group, and I see nothing for it but to forma new Solenogenys-group. Whether this can be framed to include Zelma must remain an open question until further material is available for study. Zelma miranda, sp. n. Length 4:0 mm. ; width 1:0 mm. Upperside grey: underside dark pitchy-red, legs a little lighter. Upper surface covered with a minute, sparse, and almost invisible pubescence. Head (1:20 mm. long) coarsely sculptured, surface uneven, two small tubercles on middle of front. Prothorax a little wider than head, sides almost parallel, with a row of small tubercles along the margin, front angles porrect, hind angles obliquely truncate, median line deep and widened out behind into the basal emargination: surface uneven and minutely 454 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. . tuberculate. Elytra (2°40 mm. long) slightly convex, pa- rallel, the carinz minutely tuberculate (more finely so than the margin of the prothorax), between sutural interval and first carina, as also between first and second carine, approxi- mately three irregular rows of shailow punctures, larger towards. margin, between second and third carine the punctures are larger and quite irregular. Burma: Tharrawaddy ( (G. Q. Corbett), 1 ex. (type) in my collection. Calcutta: Eden Gardens, “at light” (4. 1. Gravely), 1 ex., Indian Museum. The Calcutta ex. is frag- mentary, but shows a good many of the characters: it is a little smaller than the type, GNAPHON, gen. nov. Tigula short, truncate, rather hollowed out at apex and joined to teoth of mentum by a fine ridge: paraglosse rather longer than ligula, projecting obliquely outwards, narrow at apex but meeting at base above ligula, densely fringed with hairs in front. Mawille straight, obtuse at apex, densely fringed with hairs on inuer margin, Palpi thick: maw/llaries glabrous, last joint obliquely truncate at apex, a little longer than preceding one: Jdabia/s with last joint rounded at apex, slightly shorter than penultimate, which has half a dozen sete on inner margin. Jentum moderately excised, with a wide, almost quadrate tooth, very obtusely angled at apex ; finely carinate along median line, lobes rounded, slightly at sides, strongly at apex, extending beyond epilobes, rather concave beneath: paragenee toothed and emarginate. AZan- dibles moderately curved, about as long as head, smooth, a ridge on upper surface trom base to middle, each with an elongate irregular tooth occupying basal half of inner margin, left mandible with a smaller tooth near apex. Labrum very small, emarginate, with three setigerous pores. Antenne moniliform, not reaching base of prothorax, joint 1 as long as next four joints together, 2 halt as long again as 3,4 a little shorter than the rest, which are appoximately equal to 3. Head very large, nearly smooth, longer than prothorax, frontal impressions wide and shallow, sides deeply longi- tudinally impressed above eyes, gene strongly dilated. Pro- thurue cyathiform, very wide and short, dentate at hind angles, and shortly produced in middle, so that the base appears to be bidentate on each side. ‘H/ytra short, flat on disk, shoulders carinate and dentate, interval 7 sharply carinate throughout, epipleuree very wide at base. Prosternum not bordered ; metepisterna very small, rather longer than wide ; On Fossil Arthropods in the British Museum. 455 ventral surface without transverse furrows. Front tibie with three teeth (including apical tooth) but without denti- culations ; mid-tibie with one spine. ‘Type of genus : Scaritoderus loyole, Fairm., Scaritoderus loyole, Fairm. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1883, p. 55. Scaritoderus loyole, Andy. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (9) iii. 1919, p. 469. Crepidopterus favret, Maindr. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1904, p. 269, fig. In his ‘ Monographie des Scaritides” (Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxii. 1879, p. 156) Chaudoir published the genus Anomoderus for A. costato-granulatas, a species from New Caledonia. Fauvel, finding the name of Chaudoir’s genus was preoccupied, changed it to Anomophenus (Rev. d’ Ent. i. 1882, p. 229) ; Atkinson in his Catalogue of Oriental Cara- bide (Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1890, Suppl. i. p. 18) says that Fauvel’s name is also preoccupied, but I cannot find that this is the case. When Fairmaire published his Searitoderus loyole, he too had discovered that Anomoderus was a pre- occupied name, and he suggested Scaritoderus to replace it ; he pointed out some differences between the Indian and New Caledonian species, but left them in the same genus. As Fauvel’s name is anterior to Fairmaire’s, Anomophenus must stand for the New Caledonian species, and Scaritoderus becomes a synonym of it. It is in these circumstances that I propose the new genus described above for the Indian species. It differs in some important points from Anomophenus: the tooth of the mentum is almost quadrate, a narrow slit on each side separating it from the lobes, the penultimate joint of the labial palpi is sex-setose, the first joint of the antennz equal in length to the four succeeding ones, sides of prothorax dentate, base only slightly produced, &e. LXI.—Fossil Arthropods in the British Museum.—Il. By 'T. D. A. Cockergtx, University of Colorado, [Plate XVL.] COLEOPTERA. Carabide. Carabites gardneri, sp.n. (Pl. XVI. fig. 10.) Elytron 16°8 mm. long, 5°5 mm. wide; base truncate, apex narrowed, but obtuse at tip; the outer margin strongly concave just before the end. Outer margin with 456 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Fossil Arthropods a strong sharp sulcus, but no distinct row of punctures mesad of it; disc with eight strong striz, beset with small round rather weak punctures throughout, about 7 punctures to a mm. On middle of elytron three striz, with two intervals, go in 2 mm. transversely. The two outer discal striz run to the apex, converging near it, as also do the two inner, but the four middle ones unite in two pairs, thus terminating, the outer pair 3 mm. and the inner pair 2 mm., before the apex. There is no basal incomplete stria, nor any sign of specialised discal punctures. The strie, with their punctures, resemble those of Morio, but the fossil is easily separated from that genus by the absence of specialised submarginal and discal punctures. Bartonian, Bagshot Beds ; Bournemouth (J. S. Gardner). British Museum, 19010 with reverse (=type), 19009, 19012, 19011, 19019 with reverse, 19013. The type of Carabites, Heer, is an elytron 3:5 mm. long, from the Lower Lias of Switzerland. Our insect is of course not congeneric, but Scudder used Carabites in a general sense for Carabide not referable to a known genus, and I follow him in this usage, to avoid giving a new generic name. T do not know a living genus to which C. gardneri may be referred, but I am not familiar with more than a small fraction of the numerous genera. Elateride. Elaterites murchisoni (Giebel). Elytron as preserved 14 mm. long, the actual length was probably at least 15 mm.; width 45 mm.; nine longitudinal lines of small round punctures ; near the apex 10 punctures in 2 mm. of length, and three rows in 1 mm. transversely ; on middle of elytron two rowsin 1 mm. The shape of the elytron is about as in Agriotes, the apex forming a large angle. The punctures are about as in Pyrophorus, but those in the apical field are stronger, although the insect is not so large. Lower Bagshot Beds, Corfe Clay ; Creech, between Corfe and Wareham, Dorset (P. B. Brodie). Brit. Museum, 18996. From W. R. Brodie (No. 17). This is the type-specimen of Elatertum murchisoni, Giebel, 1856, based on Westwood, Proc. Geol. Soc. London, 1854, p. 395, plate 16. f. 34. It has quite typical Hlaterid sculp- ture ; but the type of Elaterium is E.proneus, Westw., from the Purbeck, which has elongated punctures and, as Hand- lirsch remarks, is surely not congeneric. Hlaterites, Heer in the British Museum. 457 (type now designated E. lavateri, Heer, from Oeningen), seems applicable to the present insect. I include in Elaterites, however, various Elaterid elytra from the Tertiary, which cannot be definitely assigned to known genera. Those described below, if completely known, would very likely be found to include as many genera as species. Elaterites perditulus, sp. n. (Pl. XVI. fig. 7.) Elytron about 10°3 mm. long, width about 2 mm. ; eight rows of fine punctures, about the middle four rows in 1 mm. transversely ; punctures in the rows about 130-160 yp apart, and placed in delicate grooves. The general form is that of Monocrepidius ; the apex is too pointed for Athous. Corfe, I. of Purbeck, Dorset (Brodie). Brit. Museum, 10418. This is labelled “ Ayrilus, Buprestide (W.).” W. probably stands for Westwood, but in spite of this high authority the insect must be referred to the Elateride. Elaterites laconoides, sp.n. (Pl. XVI. fig. 8 ; text-fig, 1.) Elytron 7 mm. long and 2°5 mm. broad, formed much as in Lacon, the apex very obtuse. Ten striz, bearing five round (not elongate) punctures; near the humeral angle the second stria (counting from without) is deflected toward the third at its upper end, and in the space thus formed between the first stria and upper end of second is a little Fig. Lea os 1eqqa, Elaterites laconoides (sculpture). if 1 aie : row of four punctures. On the basal half of the elytron the punctures are very distinct, but on the apical part they are small and obscure. On the basal part the punctures are about six in a mm., and there are three strie to a mm. transversely. Bartonian, Bagshot Beds ; Bournemouth, near the pier. Presented by Alfred Bell. Brit. Museum, 18998. 458 Mr. T. D, A. Cockerell on Fossil Arthropods Elaterites sculptilis, sp. n. (PI. XVI. fig. 9.) Elytron 7 mm. long and 1°8 mm. wide, the base truncate, the apex pointed. Nine delicate striz, very finely punctate, the four inner ones with the punctures subobsolete, the others with distinct though very delicate punctures. The outer striz are more closely placed than the four inner ; the fifth stria (from within) is one mm. from inner margin. Punctures on outer strie about 95-130 apart. Between the inner series of striz the surface is extremely finely rugulose, with lines inclined to be transverse or oblique, but irregular, as in the living Cardiophorus fenestratus, Lec. “ Corfe, I. of Purbeck” (Brodie); Brit. Museum, 10420. “Studland Bay, I. of Purbeck, Dorset” (Brodie) ; Brit. Museum, 10422. These are the two impressions of the same specimen. Elaterites palaophilus, spa, o0P Lx Va es 2.) Elytron as preserved 6 mm. long, but the ends missing ; probable total length at least 9 mm. Width 2:4 mm.; dark brown, with eleven rows of round punctures ; the rows close together, aud the punctures so placed that often two of one row and two of the next will mark the four corners of a square space ; punctures about 6 in a mm. lengthwise, and five rows trausversely in a mm., but tlie first three rows are more widely spaced than the others. Lower Eocene ; Woolwich and Reading Beds, Peckham. Caleb Evans collection. Brit. Museum, 1467. Someone had already labelled it “ élater.’ (See also Smith, ‘ Geologist,’ iv. (1861) p. 40.) Curculionide. Curculionites marginatus, Gicbel. Elytron convex, about 6 mm. long and 3 mm. wide; with six visible (probably one or two obliterated) longitudinal rows of very large deep punctures, squarish and somewhat longer than wide. Hach row contains about 20 punctures, and there are between 4 and 5 punctures in 2 mm. lonei- tudinally. Transversely, there are 5 rows in 2 mm. The intervals between the punctures are not larger, but often rather smaller, than the punctures themselves. Bagshot Series, Corfe, Dorset (Brodie). Brit. Museum, 10417. This is the type-specimen of Giebel’s C. marginatus, in the British Museum. 459 based on Westwood’s figure. The type of Heer’s genus Curculionites is C. redtenbacheri, Heer, from Radoboj. This shows only the ventral surface, but looks like one of the Brachyrhinine (Otiorhynchine). C. marginatus, so far as anything shows, could go in the genus Brachyrhinus (Otio- rhynchus). Pierce recognises ten families of Curculionoidea, and places these insects in a family Psallidiide, on the ground that Psallidium was the first published genus. This change does not seem to me to be necessary. Ceutorhynchus (?) eocenicus, sp.n. (Fig. 2.) Elytron convex, 3 mm. long and 2 mm. broad ; inner margin concave, outer strongly convex ; base broad, obtusely angulate about the middle. There are eight sharp longi- tudinal striz, and no visible punctures. The strie are about 190 w apart. Fig. 2. ih Ceutorhynchus (?) eocenicus, Ckll. Lower Eocene, Woolwich Beds; Peckham. Caleb Evans collection. Brit. Museum, 14472. ‘The specimen is labelled: ‘‘ C. E., Peckham, 841%. Stro- phosomus or Cneorhinus.” It appears to have been recorded by Smith, ‘ Geologist,’ iv. (18361) p. 40. It does not appear to me to belong to the Brachyrhinine, but rather to have been an extremely broad-bodied weevil of the Ceutorhynchus type, very similar to C. degravatus, Scudd., from the Eocene ot Colorado. Ophryastites gardneri, sp. n. (Fig. 3.) Elytron slightly convex, flattened on disc, about 10°6 mm. long and 5 mm. wide ; eight rows of very distinct but only moderately large punctures, about 8 in 2 mm., and in addi- tion a row of small weak punctures next to the outer margin, and a broken row next to the inner margin. The surface is irregularly transversely wrinkled, 460 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Fossil Arthropods Bartonian, Bagshot Beds; Bournemouth (J. S. Gardner). Brit. Mus. 19000; also 19005, which seems to be the reverse, or in any event the same species. Ny} \ ant i Ophryastites gardneri, Cll. This represents a large weevil, the whole insect doubtless 15 mm. long in life. It is in all respects very similar to Ophryastes grandis, Scudd., from the Kocene of Colorado, but the punctures are not connected by longitudinal striz as in O. grandis. Ophryastites is used by Scudder for fossil insects of this affinity, but of uncertain generic position. Baris (?) paleophilus, sp.n. (Fig. 4.) Elytron 3°2 mm. long and about 1'7 mm. broad ; shaped as in B. interstitialis, Say. Convex, with ten rows of closely placed elongate punctures. The punctures are about 80 yu long, and the intervals between them are about 50. The rows are about 110 w apart. Baris (?) paleophilus, Ckl. Bartonian, Bagshot Beds, Bournemouth (J. S. Gardner). Brit. Museum, 19016. So far as can be seen, this might belong to Baris. There is a superficial resemblance to Geralophus, from the Florissant Miocene ; but in Geralophus the small punctures are not over a third as long as the distance between the rows. in the British Museum. 461 Chrysomelide. Chrysomelites allochlamys, sp.n. (Fig. 5.) Elytron about 75 mm. long and 43 mm. broad ; moderately convex but flattened on disc, broadly truncate at base, obtuse at apex; nine lines of round rather large punctures; one near the inner margin, and four pairs of parallel lines, two near middle of disc, and two, close together, not far from outer margin ; between the pairs of lines the surface is very densely covered with punctures of the same size as those in the lines. In oneof the lines there are about seven punctures to a mm. beet FS x, Tae Been cc cc & nant otto ws S Oteg, & Socorre c fs “ee ipice en verve Calg s ester ast See tet: tana c Chrysomelites allochlamys. 19008. Bartonian ; Bagshot Beds, Bournemouth (J. S. Gardner). Brit. Museum, 19008, with reverse. The type of Chrysomelites is C. prodromus, Heer, from the Lower Lias of Switzerland, an insect certainly not congeneric with the present species. But I follow Scudder in treating the name as applicable to fossil Chrysomelide of unknown generic position, although it seems probable that our insect should be made the type of a new genus. It has a curious resemblance to Smodicoptera liasina (Heer), from the Lower Lias of Switzerland. Heer considered Smodicoptera to be a Buprestid (Euchroma), but our species certainly cannot belong to that family. In ‘ Die Insektenfauna der Tertiar- gebilde von Oeningen und von Radoboj’ (1847), plate viu., Heer undertook to illustrate the primitive or fundamental pattern of a Coleopterous elytron, and according to this system C. allochlamys may be considered a primitive form. Such a pattern persists in the modern Leptinotarsa, but that typically differs from our fossil in having the rows of punctures much more irregular and (especially L. undecim- lineata) double at least in part, while the intervals beween the 462 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Fossil Arthropods parallel rows are only very sparsely punctured *. The fossil shows no colour-bands, but they may have existed in life. There is a group of Leptinotarsa, represented by L. juncta and its immediate allies, in which the rows of punctures are single and even, as in C. allochlamys. Cerambycide. Leptura (?) bartoniana, sp. n. (Pl. XVI. fig. 12.) Elytron as preserved 9°5 mm. long, but apex lost, probable total length about 12 mm.; width 3 mm.; costal margin thickened ; humeral region with the usual large rounded prominence ; surface throughout coarsely punctured on the basal half, the punctures deep, suboval, inclined to be in longitudinal lines, but not regular, the intervals usually less than the width of a puncture, about seven punctures in 2 mm. longitudinally ; on apical half or more of elytron the punc- tures are fine and well separated ; on the descending outer face below the humeral angle, the punctures are large and run more or less in oblique lines. Bartonian, Lower Bagshot, Corfe Clay ; Creech, between Corfe and Wareham, Dorset (P. B. Brodie). From W. R. Brodie. Brit. Museum, 18997. This agrees with Leptura, so far as can be seen. Com- pared with the living L. eribripennis, it differs by being much less coarsely punctured in the apical region, and by the large punctures not being at all confluent. On the other hand, the punctures on the basal half are very much larger and coarser than in L. seamaculata or L. instabilis. Scarabeide. Pelidnotites (gen. nov.) atavus, sp.n. (Fig. 6.) Elytron about 18 mm. long, width uncertain; surface with rows of fine punctures (6 or 7 in 2 mm.), and widely scattered irregular similar punctures between. Humeral region with a well-defined thickened edge. A row of punc- tures proceeds backward from the obtuse humeral angle, very slowly diverging from the margin ; the next row of punctures is about 8 mm. from this on the basal part of the * The specimen of L. undecimlineata, Stal, before me was collected by Mrs. Cockerell at Antigua, Guatemala. It kas the pattern of head and thorax as in Tower's segregate L. diversa (‘The Mechanism of Evolution in Leptinotarsa, pl. 2. f. 4), but these parts are yellowish, nearly as in L. panamensis, and the elytral stripes are distinctly metallic green. It will stand as race guatemalensis, and is,I presume, the L. guatemalensis which Tower mentions but fails to describe. in the British Museum. 463 elytron, but beyond the distance decreases to 2 mm.; three other rows of punctures are visible, the last only 1 mm apart. Bartonian, Bagshot Beds ; Bournemouth (J. S. Gardner). Brit. Museum, 19004. An abdomen, nearly 12 mm. broad, probably belongs to the same species (B. Mus., 19087). There is also a prothorax, 10 mm. broad, and 5 mm. long in middle, formed exactly as in Cotalpa lanigera, but im- punctate, which may well belong here (B. Mus., 19040). The data for the abdomen and prothorax are the same as for the elytron. Fig. 6. er er ‘© —— . 2S wire . Se een eo @ . Pelidnotites atavus, Ckll. This is by far the oldest genuine Scarabeid known, but it seems clearly to belong to the Rutelini in the vicinity of Pelidnota and Cotalpa. The reference is strongly supported by the abdomen and prothorax, which show the presence of such a type in the deposit, or at least indicate a veritable Scarabezid. As it is impossible to definitely refer the insect to a living genus, I propose the name Pelidnotites for it. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVI. . Elaterites paleophilus, Ckll., x 8. P. 458: ig. 1 Fig. 2. Megapterites mirabilis, Ckll., type. P. 278. ‘ig. 3. Pycnoscelus gardnert, Ckll., type, X 13. P. 275. Fig. 4. Hammapteryx anglica, Ckll., type. P. 276. Fig. 5, Geophylla bartoniana, Ckll., type, x 2. P. 277. Fig. 6, Allopterites multilineatus, Ckil., type, x 2. P. 275. Fig. 7. Elaterites perditulus, Ckll.,.x 3, P. 457. ‘ug. 8. Elaterites laconotdes, Ckll., type, X 8. P. 457. Fig. 9, Elaterites sculptilis, Ckll., x 8. P. 458. Fig. 10, Carabites gardnert, Ckll., type, X 2. P. 455. Fig. 11. Formica heteroptera, Ckil., type, x 2. P. 278. Fig. 12. Leptura bartoniana, Ckll., type. P. 462. [Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 11 illustrate the paper in the March issue ; figs. 1, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 12 belong to the present paper.—Ebs. | 464 On the Irish Otter. LXII.— The Irish Otter, By Martin A. C, Hinton. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) Lone ago Ogilby (P. Z. S. 1834, p. 111) described the Irish otter as a distinct species, Lutra roensis, “on account of the intensity of its colouring, which approaches nearly to black both on the upper and under surface ; of the less extent of the pale colour beneath the throat as compared with the common otter, L. vulgaris, Linn., as it exists in England ; and of some difference in the size of the ears and in the proportions of other parts.’ Ogilby added that he had “long considered the Irish otter as constituting a distinct species,” The type of ZL. roensis was presented to the Zoological Society by Miss Anna Moody of the Roe Mills, Newtown Lemavaddy, near Londonderry; later it passed into the British Museum (reg. no. 57. 12. 14. 4), where it is now preserved. The nearly black colour described by Ogilby has become, from exposure, a nearly uniform deep reddish brown. The Museum has just received three female otters from Co. Galway, caught during the last winter. These, as regards colour, accord perfectly with Ogilby’s description; they are much darker (practically black above) than any English specimens examined by me. In my opinion, therefore, the Irish otter should be regarded as a distinct subspecies, for which the name Z. J. roensts is available. Such a variation characterized by colour-saturation is, of course, exactly what is to be expected in the more humid climate of Ireland. The following measurements will form a useful supplement to those given in Miller’s ‘Catalogue of the Mammals of Western Europe’ :—Females 1 and 2: head and body 710, 635 mm. ; tail 430, 440; hind foot 114, 114; ear 25, 25. Skulls. Lutra lutra roensis. Females, Co. Galway. Pe ry ca: 2, 3. Condylo-basal length........ ie Ac 108°3 +. Zygomatic breadth.......... ae 64:7 65°8 65°3 Mastoid breadth 22 ac4.0% asi. 58°4 60 61:2 60:4 Postorbital constriction...... 14:5 14:2 ra 13°8 Interorbital constriction .... 169 18 19-4 18:7 Breadth of rostrumovercanines. 265°2 24-7 24:7 24-7 Occipital depth ......../,.: she eS 34:7 on Maxillary tooth-row (canine~m.). 33:1 30'7 332 32°38 bE LG 6) 6 | ERE OR er Sie sche bach 66:6 68 68:2 68 Upper earanssiali. 00 .ihe. 104x7'9 10679 10°5x 79 107X799 Dipper molar iins. seen mak 77 X10'6 77X10 79% 10-7 7EXL0G Lower carnassial length .... 12°6 12 12-9 11:3. ' On new or little-known Tipulide. 465 é LXIII.—New or little-known Tipulide (Diptera), — IIT. Ethiopian Species. By Cuartres P. ALEXANDER, Ph.D., Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A. THIS paper is a continuation of the preceding parts under this title. ‘he material included herein is based on collections made in Cameroun by the Rev. J. A. Reis and in Eastern Transvaal by Mr. H. K. Munro, In addition, a few species from the Paris Museum sent to me for determination by the Curator of the Diptera, Mons. Eug. Séguy, have been included, The holotypes are preserved in tlie collection of the writer, unless stated otherwise. AMPHILIMNOBIA, gen. nov. Head moderately large, the eyes separated both above and below. Legs long and slender; tibiz unspurred ; claws small, simple, subterminal, empodia present. Wings with vein Se very long, Se, ending opposite cross-vein 7 ; Seg far before the tip of Sce,, the latter vein alone being about equal to the basal deflection of 24,53 7 present, located far before the tip of A, this portion of Ay beyond x being a little longer than the deflection of Ay,5; cell Is¢ Aly open by the atrophy of the outer deflection of J/;; basal deflection of Cu, at the fork of A/; anal veins long and straight. Male hypopygium with the ninth tergite small, the caudal margin feebly con- cave ; pleurites moderately elongated, the proximal face with a cushion of numerous short spinules ; pleural appendages two, the outer appendage shortest, flattened, the apex obtuse ; inner pleural appendage larger and more elongated, irregu- larly twisted, the apex with a few setigerous tubercles; no distinct gonapophyses ; penis-guard a subflattened lobe of nearly uniform width for its entire length. Ovipositor with the valves moderately elongate, powerful, the tergal valves much exceeding the rather weak, acutely pointed sternal valves. Genotype.—Amphilimnobia leucopeza, sp. n. (Western Ethiopian Region). The curious fly that is made the type of the above new genus is represented in the writer’s collection by three speci- mens in poor condition. The fly possesses structural features that preclude its disposition in any genus known at the present time. Although the generai appearance of the fly is much like a Dicranomyia, the details of structure seem to Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. v. - 32 466 Dr. C. P. Alexander on ’ place it in a position much nearer Dicranoptycha and Rham- phidia. The principal generic characters are derived from the claws, the structure of the male and female genitalia, and, especially, the wing-venation. Unfortunately the tips of the antennee are broken and the number of segments cannot be accurately determined. Amphilimnobia leucopeza, sp. n. General coloration dark brown ; legs dark brown, the tarsi white; wings with a strong brownish tinge; Se long, cell 1st My, open. Male.—Wing 7:8 mm. Female.—Length about 8 mm. ; wing about 64 mm. Rostrum, palpi, antenne, and head dark brown. Thorax dark krown. Head dark brown. Legs brown; fore tarsi, except the basal two-thirds of the metatarsus, pure white ; the other legs are all detached ; in some the white of the metatarsus is much more restricted, occupying only the narrow apex, in others the entire tarsus is white excepting only the base of the metatarsus. Wings with a strong brownish tinge, the wing-tip more suffused ; stigma a little darker brown than the remainder of the wing, elongate-oval ; veins dark brown. Venation as described under the generic characterization ; Rs long, strongly arcuated or even angu- lated and spurred at origin; 7 on Ry, nearly twice its length beyond the fork of Rs; +—-m less than one-half the deflection of L4,5; petiole of cell 2nd M, approximately as long as this cell ; the abortive vein behind Cw distinct. ~ Abdomen brown, indistinctly bicolorous ; posterior margins of the segments narrowly darker. Hab. Cameroun. Holotype, 8, Olama, altitude 2000 feet, Juiy 24, 1919 (J. A. Reis). Allotopotype, 2 , in copula with the type. Paratopotype, a fragment. The type is mounted in balsam. Erioptera (Erioptera) carior, sp. n. Antenne with the scapal segments brownish yellow ; flagellum dark brown; vertex brownish grey, broadly whitish adjoining the inner margins of the eyes; mesonotum shiny dark brown; legs yellow; wings pale brown, the costal and subcostal cells and a narrow band at the cord light yellow; male hypopygium with the inner pleural appendage unbranched (branched in carissima), the head enlarged into new or little-known Tipulidae. 467 a structure that resembles the head and beak of a crested bird ; gonapophyses deeply bifid. Male. —Length about 5 mm. ; wing 4°3 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne short, the seapal segments brownish yellow; flagellum dark brown, verticils only moderately elongated. Vertex brownish grey, broadly whitish adjoining the inner margins of the eyes ; eyes of the male very large as in this group (péringueyi group) of species, broadly contiguous beneath. Mesonotum shiny dark brown, the prescutum with the three usual stripes confluent, the humeral region and lateral margins a little paler yellowish brown. Pleura dark brown, Halteres brown, the knobs dark brown. Legs with the coxe and trochanters ‘brown ; remainder of the legs light yellow, the distal three tarsal segments and the tips of the others dark brown. Wings pale brown, sparsely marked with dull yellow ; the costal and subcostal cells are light yellow; the stigma dark brown, elongate-oval, and very distinct; the cells proximad of the cord are largely pale brown, those distad of the cord dull yellow, the veins broadly seamed with brown ; the cord is narrowly margined with yellow. Vena- tion as in EZ. carissima, but the deflection of Cw, is more perpendicular. Abdomen dark brown. Male hypopygium very distinct from either EL. péringueyi or HE. carissima ; outer appendage slender, as in carissima; inner appendage with a short, twisted stem that is inserted in the elongated, transverse head near the middle of its length ; this head somewhat resembles the head and beak of a bird with a long, curved crest ; of this structure, the compressed, obliquely truncated beak is directed laterad ; the curved crest is directed proximad and cephalad, covered with numerous short erect sete. Gona- pophyses deeply bifid, the proximal arm longest, the tips acute and blackened, subdecussate with their fellow of the opposite side; the lateral arm is a little shorter, largely blackened, suddenly narrowed into the short, acute tip. Hab. Eastern Transvaal. Flolotype, 8, “ Lot 80, De Kaap Block B,’ near Kaap- muiden, October 9, 1919 (Hl. K. Munro). Erioptera nigrolatera brevipilosa, subsp. n. Female.x—Wing 5-5'1 mm. Generally similar to typical negrolater a, Alexander (Nyasa- land), differing as follows :— Legs without the conspicuous erect ples eee found in ¢ 39 as 468 Dr. C. P. Alexander on nigrolatera ; this may be a sexual character, however, as only imales of typical nigrolatera and females of the new variety have been made known. In the present form the pubescence of the legs is very short, appressed, and not at all conspicuous. The wings are much paler, greyish sub- hyaline ; vein Sc considerably shorter, ending far before the fork of Ry,3; Sc, is closer to the tip of Sce;, Sc, alone being only about two-thirds &,,3; in typical nigrolatera Sc, 1s longer than 2,3; anal veins a little more divergent at thie wing-margin. ‘lhe valves of the ovipositor are short and fleshy as in the group. Hab. Eastern Transvaal. Holotype, 2, ‘‘ Lot 30, De Kaap Block B,” near Kaap- muiden, October 11, 1919 (HZ. K. Munro). Paratopotype, 2, a badly injured specimen, October 10, 1919. Molophilus camerounensis, sp. 0. Rostrum and palpi black ; antennz of the male elongate, the basal segments yellowish ; general coloration dark brown, the mesonotal prescutum brighter brown ; wings greyish, the veins clothed with long dark-coloured hairs ; male hypo- pygium with three conspicuous chitinized appendages on either side. Male.—Length 4°8 mm.; wing 4°4 mm. Rostrum and palpi black. Antenne of the male elongated, almost as in the Nearctic M/. pubipennis, O.-8., the basal segments light yellow, the distal segments a little more brownish; flagellar segments elongate-cylindrical, clothed with long, pale, outspreading hairs. Head dark brown. Mesonotal preescutum rather light brown, the remainder of the mesonotum and the pleura dark brown. MHalteres dark brown. Legs with the coxe and trochanters brown; re- mainder of the legs dark brown. Wings with a strong grey tinge, the costal and subcostal cells more brownish ; veins aud pubescence dark brown, giving a dark colour to the wings. Venation: £3,4,; long, about one-half longer than the basal deflection of Cu,; fork of M/ far proximad of the fork of Rs; inner ends of cells R; and #; in alignment ; petiole of cell M/; more than three times the basal deflection of Cu, or about two-fifths of vein Cu, beyond it; basal deflection of Cu, perpendicular, nearly twice as long as the basal deflection of 1/3. : Abdominal segments brown, indistinctly bicolorous. Male new or little-known Tipulide. 469 hypopygium with the armature unusually developed even for a member of this genus ; three powerful chitinized appendages on either side, the longest and most powerful of which is enlarged apically into a two-edged complicated head. Hab, Cameroun. Flolotype, 8, Olama, altitude 2000 feet, July 24, 1919 (J. A. Reis). CERATOLIMNOBIA, gen. nov. Vertex behind the antennal bases with a flattened white lobe or cornicle. ‘Tibize unspurred. Wings with Se long, Sc close to the tip of Se, ; tip of 2, atrophied or nearly so ; cell 1sé M/, closed ; basal deflection of Cu, before mid-length of cell 1st M,. Male hypopygium small, with two pleural appendages, the longest recurved into a U, at the bend of which is a cylindrical minutely branched arm. Genotype.— Ceratolimnobia munrot, sp. n. (Southern Ethio- pian Region). By means of all existing keys to the Tipulide this crane- fly would run to the genus Gnophomyta, to which it is obviously not closely allied. Gnophomyia is gradually becoming a receptacle for many diverse Hriopterine elements, and it seems advisable to remove the present fly from such an incongruous gathering and erect a separate genus for it. The presence of a snowy-white corniculus, much as in the Kthiopian species of the genus Ceratocheilus, Wesché, offers the most ready means for distinguishing this genus from similar crane-flies. Ceratolimnobia munrot, sp. n. Head light grey, with a snowy-white cornicle on the vertex ; general coloration dark brown, the mesonotal pre- scutum narrowly margined laterally with silvery white ; legs dark brown, the tips of the femora and tibie narrowly white, the fore tarsi largely white ; wings dusky, the costal region more yellowish, with six large dark brown blotches; veins beyond the cord broadly seamed with brown. Male.—Length about 2°77 mm. ; wing 3°8 mm. Rostrum and palpi black. Antenne with the scapal segments black ; flagellum broken. Head with a light grey pubescence, the middle of the vertex and the postgense more blackish ; on the fore part of the vertex immediately behind the antennal bases and between the anterior end of the eyes 470 Dr. C. P. Alexander on is inserted a flattened snowy-white lobe or corniculus that is directed cephalad, very much as in the African species of Ceratocheilus. i Pronotum dark brown. Mesonotum dark brownish black, the lateral margins of the preescutum narrowly silvery white, this beginning on the sides of the pronotum, continued back- ward to the wing-root; tuberculate pits a short distance behind the anterior margin of the preescutum. Pleura and sternum dark brownish black. Halteres pale brown basally, the knobs broken. Legs with the coxe dark brownish black ; trochanters dark brown; femora dark brown, darkest before the tips, which are abruptly and narrowly white; tibie brown, the tips narrowly white; fore tarsi with the basal two-thirds of the metatarsus brown, the remainder of the tarsi white; the other legs are detached, but the middle and hind tarsi are presumably uniform brown, and what are probably the hind legs lack the white tibial apices. Wings with a strong brownish tinge, especially on the basal half; beyond the cord the membrane is subhyaline, with the veins broadly seamed with brown ; six darker brown costal blotches, the first at the arculus, the second at the origin of 2s, the third at Sc,, the fourth at the tip of R,; the fifth and sixth at the ends of veins R, and 23; costal and subcostal cells more yellowish ; pale areas occur between the dark costal areas, at the ends of cells R, M, Cu, 1st A, and 2nd A; veins dark brown, the pale spaces on veins C, Se, and R yellow. Venation: Se long, ending about opposite two- thirds the long Rs, Sc, close to the tip of Sc,, Sc, equal to about twice Sc, ; tip of A, atrophied ; 7 oblique, inserted at the fork of Ry,3; Rs longer than A;; Ry,3 a little shorter than R,; inner ends of cells 3, Rs, and 1st M, in direct alignment ; 7—-m a little longer than the basal deflection of R453 cell 1st M, long and comparatively narrow, longer than vein Cu, beyond it; basal deflection of Cu, just before mid-length of cell 1st 14. Abdomen dark brown. Male hypopygium small; pleurites rather short and stout, covered with microscopic hairs and a few long sete; two pleural appendages, the longest strongly recurved into the form of a U, the free end directed outward, the tip narrowed and acute; on the side at the bend of the U with a conspicuous cylindrical arm that is minutely branched ; inner pleural appendage small and flattened, narrowed to the blunt apex, which bears several long sete ; gonapophyses small, flattened, triangular, directed proximad. new or little-known Tipulide. 471 Hab. Eastern Transvaal. Holotype, 8, “ Lot 30, De Kaap Block B,” near Kaap- muiden, October 8, 1919 (H. K. Munro). _ Itis with great pleasure that this interesting new species is dedicated to its discoverer, Mr. H. K. Munro. Trentepohha (Trentepohlia) aurantia, sp. n. Generally similar to 7. spetseri; mesonotal preescutum light orange-yellow, with a delicate reddish-brown median line; legs yellow; posterior tibiae with two strong black bristles before the tip ; abdomen yellowish brown. Male.—Length 7°6 mm. ; wing 7 mm. Female.—Length 8°8 mm. Described from alcoholic specimens. Rostrum and palpi pale brownish yellow. Antenne with the scape light brown; flagellum broken. Head brownish. Mesonotal] preescutum light orange-yellow, with a delicate reddish-brown median line, the lateral margins behind the pseudo-satural fovee narrowly infuscated ; scutal lobes reddish brown, the median area and the scutellum pale ; postnotum yellowish brown. Pleura brown, darker on the sternum. Halteres pale, the knobs white. Legs with the coxe yellow; trochanters dull yellow; femora and tibize yellow, the tips not darkened ; tarsi broken ; posterior femora with a series of six or seven short blackened spinules at the base ; tibive with two widely separated black bristles before the tip. Wings subhyaline, the costal margin strongly yellowish, the anal cells dusky grey ; a rather heavy brown pattern, somewhat as in J. spedseri, but more restricted ; the blotch at the origin of #s is entirely solid, but compara- tively small ; the apical mark includes only the veins, the centre of cell A, yellowish subhyaline; vein Cu seamed with darker. Abdomen yellowish brown, the apical segments darkened. Hab, Reunion. Holotype, 3, 1903 (Blanchard). Allotopotype, 2. Type in the collection of the Paris Museum. This species is, perhaps, closest to J’. speiseri, Edwards, from which it is told by the bright colour of the mesonotum and the different wing-pattern. Tipula ellenbergeri, sp. n. Head indistinctly reddish ; thorax black; wings with the 472 On new or little-known Vipulidee. costal margin and apical half brownish black, the basal half whitish hyaline ; basal abdominal segments reddish, the posterior margins black. Sex ? (probably a male).— Wing 14°6 mm. Described from an alcoholic specimen. Frontal prolongation of head comparatively short, the sides eddish brown, the dorsum narrowly darker; nasus’ distinct ; palpi dark brown. Antenne dark brown, the flagellar seg- ments more reddish basally ; the flagellum is broken, but detached segments in the vial with the type presumably belong to this species ; in these the distal flagellar segments are elongate-oval, slightly constricted basally. Head reddish, darker-coloured between the eyes. Thorax uniformly deep black, apparently shiny in dried specimens. Halteres black. Legs black, the femora and tibize slightly paler basally ; legs slender, especially the tarsi ; claws reddish, the distal half blackened, at about mid-length with a small, acute, ventral tooth. All of the legs are detached in the vial, and but few still remain. Wings with the costal region and the apical half of the wings black, the basal half conspicuously and abruptly whitish hyaline ; the dark apex includes all of the cells beyond the cord as well as the outer ends of cells &, MW, Cu, and 1st A; stigma small, dark brownish black ; veins dark brown. Wings broad. Abdomen with the first segment black ; second segment reddish, the caudal margin narrowly blackened ; third segment reddish basally, the apex of the abdomen broken beyond this point. Hab. French Congo. Holotype, sex $?, Lambaréné, Ogoway R., 1911 (2. Ellen- berger). ‘l'ype in the collection of the Paris Museum. . ‘This beautiful crane-fly is readily told from all described African Tipulinee by the beautifully dimidiate wings. The claws bear a small, acute, ventral tooth that is only visible when the foot is viewed from the side. The presence of this tooth would indicate that this fly isa male. This interesting species is named in honour of its collector. On new Species of Reithrodon de. from Argentina. 473 - LXIV.—New Species of Reithrodon, Abrocoma, and Scapte- romys from Argentina. By OLDFIELD ‘l'HOMAS. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) A. A FURTHER COLLECTION FROM Sr. BuDIN. After making the collection in Jujuy, of which an account was given in February *, Sr. Budin went back to Catamarca,. and paid further visits to Clumbicha and Otro Cerro, localities at which he had obtained so many interesting novelties in 1918. Lists of specimens from both places have already been published fT, and I now only propose to describe two more novelties from Otro Cerro, additional to the previous list, together with a couple of other new forms of Reithrodon. Attention should be again called to the fact that Otro Cerro is not in Rioja, as erroneously stated in the title to my earlier paper, but is in Catamarea, about 18 km. N.N.W. of Chumbicha. The discovery of a second Argentine species of Abrocoma, quite different from that of Jujuy, is the most noteworthy result of the fresh collection. Reithrodon caurinus, sp. n. A buffy rabbit-rat with whitish belly and nearly white tail. General colour more strongly buffy than usual. Back clay-coloured heavily lined with the black ends to the longer hairs. Sides, or at least a band bordering the under colour, buffy, often ochraceous buff, the rump also more or less of this colour. Under surface whitish, not sharply defined laterally, but almost entirely without the buffy or cinnamon found in all the other species, the sternal region only being dull buffy ; hairs broadly slaty at base except in the inguinal region, where they are wholly white. Head and ears with the piebald markings characteristic of the genus particularly well developed. A strongly marked buffy supraorbital line, and distinct patches at the bases of the ears. Proectote blackish ; metentote buffy. Hands and feet white ; soles more naked than in the southern species, the hairs ceasing entirely behind the posterior pads. ‘Vail white, the darker colour of its upper side reduced to a narrow inconspicuous line. . p. 188 (1920), * Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) v 489 (1919). t Op. cit. (9) ili. pp. 115 & 474 Mr. O. Thomas on new Skull apparently without marked characteristics. Dimensions of the type :— : Head and body 139 mm.; tail 99; hind foot 30:5; ear 25. Skull: greatest length 36°8 ; condylo-incisive length 33°6 ; zygomatic breadth 19°7; nasals 16:6; breadth of brain- case 15°6 ; palatal foramina 9°8 ; upper molar series 6°8, Hab. Otro Cerro, Catamarca. Alt. 3000 m. Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 20. 3.17.23. Original “number 808. Collected 13th November, 1919, by E. Budin. Presented by Oldfield Thomas. Seven specimens. The species of Rethrodon are all exceedingly closely allied, so far as the characters of their skulls and teeth are concerned, these being almost the same in all. But the geographical forms may be distinguished by colour and by the degree of hairiness of the soles, the southern cuniculoddes, hatchert, and jflammarum having the plantar hairs coming forward to the anterior pair of sole-pads, the intermediate auritus, Desm. (with which my pamparum is probably syno- nymous), having the main mass of the hairs ceasing at the posterior pair of pads, but with a certain number of hairs between the pads. Finally, the more northern forms from Uruguay, Corrientes, and now that of Catamarca all have the pad region naked. In colour all but cawrinus have the belly mostly buffy, but in auritus of Buenos Ayres Province the thighs are white in front. The type-locality of auritus was the Pampas south of Buenos Ayres, and in this region there seems to be no animal but a Retthrodon which can be fitted to Azara’s description of his “ rat oreillard,’’ the basis of Desmarest’s Mus auritus. My Retthrodon cuniculoides pampanus would therefore be a synonym of aurdtus, unless a form with less buffy on the belly proves to occur in the open country just south of Buenos Ayres itself. But in the less dry south-eastern corner of Buenos Ayres Province there isa duller form, due no doubt to more saturate conditions, which may be distinguished as Reithrodon auritus marinus, subsp. n. Essential characters of true auritus, but duller throughout, less buffy, the ears almost uniformly dark, without bright buffy metentote, the under surface wholly dull greyish washed with buffy, the inguinal region and front of thighs not white as In auritus. Species of Reithrodon &e. from Argentina. AT5 Dimensions of the type :— Head and body 155 mm.; tail 104; hind foot 32; ear 27. Skull: greatest length 37°5; condylo-incisive length 35 ; zygomatic breadth 21; upper molar series 7°2. Hab. Mar del Plata, on the south-eastern sea-coast of Buenos Ayres Province. - Type. Adult female. B.M. no, 12.12.11.1. Brought home alive by W. A. Smithers, Esq., and presented by the Zoological Society. Lived about a month at the Zoological Gardens. Two specimens from Mar del Plata, and another from ‘ Buenos Ayres” received in 1882 from Mr. A. W. White. And an exactly similar colour-modification occurs on the north side of the La Plata among the more naked-soled forms. Here the typical 2. typicus from Maldonado is the dull sea- coast form, and the following the inland one :— Reithrodon typicus currentium, subsp. n. General characters of R. typicus, with soles similarly naked to behind the posterior pads, but colours throughout more brightly contrasted. Back mixed buffy grey, sides and belly strongly washed with buffy. Area round eyes reaching back to ears and bases of proectote buffy, terminal part of proectote dark brown ; metentote buffy. A well-marked patch on sides of neck below ears brown, contrasted with the pale areas round it. Hands and feet white; tail almost white, the usual darker line along its top quite inconspicuous. Dimensions of the type :— Head and body 139 mm.; tail imperfect (another specimen 108 mm.) ; hind foot 31; ear 26. Skull: greatest length 36°5 ; condylo-incisive length 34 ; zygomatic breadth 19; upper molar series 7°3. Hab. Corrientes. Type from Goya. Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 98. 12. 3. 4. Original number 9-1. Collected 23 July, 1895, by Mr. R. Perrens. Presented by Oldfield Thomas. The original type of Waterhouse’s 2. typicus, collected at Maldonado by Darwin, is now much faded, but it evidently never had the well-contrasted markings of the Corrientes foria. Abrocoma budini, sp. n. A drab-coloured Abrocoma with large feet and tail and shorter ears than A. cinerea. 476 Mr. O. Thomas on new Size about as in A. cinerea. Fur similarly soft and fine, hairs of back about 17 mm. in length. General colour above near Ridgway’s “ drab,” very uniform everywhere, the back little darker than the sides. Under surface greyish drab, the hairs broadly slaty for three-fourths their length, their tips pale drab ; hairs of sternal gland white to their roots. Chin greyish white; underside of neck stronger drab. Head without special markings. Hands and feet pure white, the latter of more normal length than in the curiously short-footed A. cinerea. Tail of medium length, iron-grey above, white below. Skull agreeing with that of A. cinerea in the normal minuteness and separation from each other of the posterior palatal foramina, as in the majority of rodents, while in A. bennettii and murray? these are of exceptional size and are fused into a single median foramen. Nasals markedly nar- rowed and pointed posteriorly. Malars not much expanded, but differing from others by being so twisted that, instead of forming a nearly vertical plate, their inner side can be broadly seen from above, facing upwards and inwards towards the supraorbital edges. Interorbital region very narrow, more so than in any other species. Bullee smaller than in either A. murrayt or cinerea. Incisors not so reduced as in A. cinerea, about as in A. bennettiz. Molars of the usual pattern. Dimensions of the type :— Head and body 201 mm.; tail 144; hind foot 31; ear 24°2. Skull: greatest length 50; condylo-incisive length 47; zygomatic breadth 24:5; nasals 20°5x5°5; interorbital breadth 6°4; least breadth across brain-case 20; palatilar length 22; diagonal length of bulla 16:2; bimeatal breadth 25; upper cheek-tooth series (crowns) 10°2; dental length 26°6. Hab. Otro Cerro, Catamarea. Alt. 3000 m. Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 20. 3.17.62. Original number 817. Collected 15th November, 1919, by E. Budin. Four specimens. “ Caught among.rocks, in the clefts of which it lives.”— Ei. B. This fine chinchilla-rat, as Sr. Budin calls it, adds to the genus Abrocoma a fourth and very distinct species, readily distinguishable externally by its colour and proportions, and cranially by its narrow interorbital region, small posterior palatal foramina, and the other characters above detailed. Species of Reithrodon &e. from Argentina. 477 I say fourth species, because there is no doubt that Water- house’s A. cuviert is the same as A. bennettdi—so that with A. murrayi, Wolffs., there are two in Chili, while Sr. Budin had previously discovered A. einerea at Casabindo, Jujuy. I have pleasure in recognizing Sr. Budin’s keenness in his search for new animals by naming this most interesting species in his honour. B. Tue Scarrrrouys OF THE PARANA DELTA. When giving an account of the mammals obtained on the islands of the Parana delta by Mr. R. Kemp in 1917%, I assumed without very close enquiry that the interesting black and white water-rat of the genus Scapteromys was referable to S. tomentosus, based on Lichtens‘ein’s Aus tomentosus T from the Rio Uruguay, collected by Sellow. But further consideration indicates that this is not the case. In the first place, the localities would appear to be by no means so adjacent as I had supposed, for although the Rio Uruguay runs out close to the Parana delta, Mus tomentosus was said to have come from the “ waldigen Gegenden” of that river—in other words, from the Upper Uruguay, where alone the country is really forested, and where the fauna would be appreciably different from that of the water-logged Parana delta f. Then the delta animal, as suits its locality, is by colour, fhe texture of its fur, and its known habits distinctly «a water- animal, while there is no indication of water-characteristics in the coloration of tomentosus, nor has its tail got the swimming fringe below that occurs in the delta species. In size tomentosus would appear to exceed considerably both tumidus and the delta form, as its hind foot, including claws, is said to be 2 inches in length. In consequence, I propose to describe the delta Scap- teromys as Scapteromys aquaticus, sp. n. Size less than in S. tomentosus. Upper surface slaty * Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xx. p. 96 (1917). + Darst. Saug. pl. xxx. fig. 1 (1830). t But just as this paper is in the press Prof. Matschie informs me that Sellow’s collections were made near Maldonado, where S. tumidus was obtained by Darwin—a region faunally very different from the Parana delta. He also gives me some measurements of the type which are confirmatory of the marked inferiority in size of 8S. aquaticus. 478 On new Species of Reithrodon ce. from Argentina. blackish, little browner on the rump, sides dark slaty grey, abruptly changing halfway down to the greyish white (some- times tinged with buffy) which covers the whole of the under surface and inner sides of the limbs, though the hairs are everywhere slaty greyish at base. Crown black. Ears thickly hairy, dark brown, the proectote blackish. Upper surface of hands and feet whitish, often with darker meta- podials. Tail heavily haired, the hairs below longer than those above, so as to form a swimming fringe; blackish brown above, lighter brown, sometimes even dull whitish below. Dimensions of the type:— Head and body 168 mm.; tail 154 ; hind foot 36 (with claws 39, therefore barely 14 inch English, and decidedly less than 14 inch French or German) ; ear 22°5. Skull: greatest length 39; condylo-incisive length 37:2 ; zygomatic breadth 19; nasals 15; interorbital breadth 6 ; breadth of brain-case 16; zygomatic plate 3:7; palatilar length 17°3; palatal foramina 8°8; upper molar series 674. Hab. Islands of Parana delta. Type from Isla Ella, other specimens from Los Cisnes, Rio Carabelas. Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 17.6.1.6. Original num- ber 2843. Collected 15th February, 1917, by R. Kemp. Presented by Oldfield Thomas. Fifteen specimens obtained by Mr. Kemp and eight by Mr. H. E. Box. Besides its difference in size, Lichtenstein’s animal appears to have had nothing like the extent of the whitish on the under surface so prominent in S. aquaticus, where the white rises nearly halfway up the sides. In tomentosus no white is shown in the plate, and the description runs “ Mitte der Bauchseite matt aschgrau.” A casual note of my own on the type in Berlin says “ belly but little lighter,” so there is certainly nothing of the striking bicolor coloration charac- teristic of S. aquaticus. This is one of the interesting delta animals which, in order to carry on at all, have either to swim or climb, for their habitat is completely flooded whenever the waters of the Ia Plata estuary are banked up by the south-east wind. On some new Indo-Malayan Sphingide. | 479 LXV.—Preliminary Descriptions of some new Species and Subspecies of Indo-Malayan Sphingide. By Lord Roruscuitp, F.R.S. THESE Sphingide form part of collections sent to the British Museum by Major F. B. Scott and Mr. C. J. Brooks. 1. Ambulyx liturata obliterata, subsp. n. 3. Differs from /. liturata in its much paler coloration and the almost complete obliteration of the minor markings of the fore wings and the great reduction of the markings of the hind wings. Head, thorax, and abdomen much paler, buffish not so vinaceous as in J, liturata. Fore wings stramineous buff, tinged with rosy cinnamon, not vinaceous brown as in the typical form; the rufous-brown bands on veins 4, 6, and 7 absent and the rest of the nervures much less distinct, the dark bands running in from costa absent, only the one crossing vein 6 slightly indicated, the olive patch on vein 1 and the smaller one above vein 2 both very much larger than in 1, iturata ; subtornal patch larger, better defined vinaceous mauve, and without the streaks present in J. ’twrata. Hind wing paler, yellower, less suffused with rufous, the red freckling and median band much reduced. Hab. Lebong-Tandai, Benkoelen District, Sumatra, 1912- 1919 (C. f. Brooks) ; 1 &. 2. Oxyambulyx pryert sumatranus, subsp. n. ?. Differs from pryeri pryert in the presence strongly marked of a crenulate median black band and an ante-median angled line from cell to inner margin. The black basal patch and the black transverse bands on hind wing are also more strongly developed. Hab. Lebong-Tandai, Benkoelen District, Sumatra, 1912- 1919 (C. J. Brooks); 19. 3. Clanis brooksi, sp. n. &. Nearest to bilineata, Walk., and stenosma, Rothsch. & Jord., but apparently much larger; this g having the fore wing 70 mm., equalling the 2 of stenosma, and as in all the known species the ? ¢ are larger than the gg, the ? ? of brooksi will probably prove to be much larger. The pale area running in from the costa on fore wing much longer than in bilineata, but not so long as in stenosma, not reaching second line, first and second lines much straighter, not angled and crenulated. Black area of hind wing less extended 480 Lord Rothschild on some towards apex, pale areas of abdominal and distal margins greyish olivaceous brown. Body and wings above with whole ground-colour olivaceous, not ochraceous. Below fawn-olive, broad basal area below median nervure of fore wing deep blackish brown. Length of fore wing 70 mm.; expanse 155 mm. Hab. Lebong-Tandai, Benkoelen District, Sumatra, 1912- 1919 (C.J. Brooks); 13% 4, Marumba cristata titan, subsp. n. ?. Very much larger and darker than er. cristata; the bands on the fore wing are much broader and the four basal ones wider apart. Ground-colour deep sooty grey-brown with a purplish violet suffusion, with no rufous or sandy tinge whatever. The subtornal spot on fore wings is very large and broadly ringed with orange. Abdominal area on hind wings grey. Length of fore wing, 2 cristata cristata, 60 mm.; expanse 132 mm. Length of fore wing, 2 cristata titan, 74 mm.; expanse 163 mm. Hab. Lebong-Tandai, Benkoelen District, Sumatra, 1912- 1919 (C. J. Brooks) ; 1 2. 5. Marumba scott, sp. n. 3. Nearest to sperchius gigas, Butl., but smaller, at once distinguished by its grey colour, the sandy and buff tints being entirely absent, and by the presence of an extra oblique band from costa passing through the stigma and joining band 4 on vein 1, where they stop short. Band 5 and the following shadow band are much closer to the stigma than in sp. gigas. Hind wing deep brown washed with grey, and nervures chestnut ; margins much less crenulated. Length of fore wing 43 mm.; expanse 98 mm. Hab. Shillong, Assam, 1919 (Major F. B. Scott). “The larvee were common in Shillong (Khasia Hills) during July and August 1919, feeding on Spanish Chestnut and a species of Oak. I did not find the egg. «The larva is coloured as follows :—Head and body green varying from apple-green to nearly white. A whitish stripe on either side of front of head ending in two short points. Head and body dotted with white tubercles, sometimes with reddish points. A whitish lateral stripe on the first to the third segments and seven oblique stripes, whitish edged above with dark green, on the usual segments. ‘The lower portion of the anterior oblique stripe widens out into an irregular quadrate spot. A white ventral [? lateral, R.] stripe from new Indo-Maluyan Sphingidee. 481 the fourth segment to the anal claspers. Horn dark green, straight and tuberculate. Spiracles blue. Length full- grown 4 inches=100 mm. Before pupating the larva turns pink. The pupa has a rough shagreened surface, is brown, and has two small projections to the head. Two moths emerged in August 1919, the remainder are still (Feb. 1920) in the pupal stage. “This larva is often attacked by small black flies. I counted as many as ten on a single larva; but apparenily they do not cause any injury, as this particular larva produced a perfect moth.”—F. B. 8. 6. Cechenena scott?, sp. n. 3. This very beautiful species is unlike any other of the genus. Antenne above milky white shading into pink basad ; palpi orange-buff, third joint pale olive 3 ; head deep green, bordered broadly by pinky greyish white ; thorax deep green, patagia (rectius tegulee) bordered with silver-grey and with an obsolescent orange streak in the centre, centre of thorax pale pinkish grey ; abdomen, basal two segments above deep green, rest of abdomen above slightly paler and more olive, mixed here and there with bronze; dorsum with two broad pinkish silver-grey lines, within which are two narrow hair- lines of same colour and a broad median band dark green on basal one-third and bronze for rest of its length; anal tuft olive-green mixed with grey. Fore wing: ground-colour pinkish buff-grey, basal half below stigma rosy pink ; basal one-fifth of costa and basal three-fifths of wing above median nervure dark green, within which is a black stigmatic dot. Below the green area from inner margin to costa before apex run two indistinct, partially obliterated, faint olive oblique lines; from inner margin beyond these to apex isa heavy double oblique dark green band, and beyond this and between it and the termen are several ill-defined waved dark green lines and cloudings. Hind wing: basal half irregularly black, rest of wing pale pinkish buff suffused with black, which suffusion forms a broad outer terminal band, leaving tornal half of disc almost without suffusion. Length of fore wing 36 mm.; expanse 82 mm. Hab. Mussoorie, 1918 (jajor F. B. Scott). ‘¢ At Mussoorie in August 1918 I found several eggs on Virginian Creeper. These egos were green aud spherical. Before hatching they turned white. The newly hatched larva was greenish yellow with a very long black horn, and ¢lie body smooth and cylindrical. “ After the first moult the head was yellow, the body green, Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. v. 33 482 On some new Indo- Malayan Sphingide. long and thin, swollen at the fifth segment ; horn long and straight, brown with tip black and white. Towards the end of this stage an ocellus appeared on the swollen fifth segment, green centre ringed with white and black. “ After the second moult the head and body were green ; the fifth segment much swollen and coloured pink, with the ocellus coloured as before. Horn purple,.anal segment and underside pink. After third moult the head was green, and body yellowish green; the fifth segment still more swollen brick-red, with the ocellus blue in front, reddish behind, the reddish portion dotted with yellow, the whole ringed with white and black. A lateral stripe on third and fourth segments brick-red; the dorsal line, the lateral segmental oblique stripes on segments 6-12, and the subdorsal spots also brick-red. Legs, prolegs, and underside brick-red.. Horn curved downwards, yellow closely dotted with black. “ After fourth moult there were two forms, a green and a brown. The green form was coloured as follows :—Head and body to fifth segment green, remaining segments dorsally white, green laterally and below with dark green strige. A green dorsal line ; a pale lateral line, edged above on third and fourth segments with green. An ocellus on the swollen fifth segment, dark blue in front, green behind, with two white spots in the green portion, ringed in front with blue, behind with yellow, the whole outwardly ringed with green, A light-coloured waved subdorsal line, and light oblique stripes edged with green on segments 6-12. Legs pink with white bands, prolegs and claspers green. Spiracles ochreous. Horn purple and curved down. “ Length 34 inches=89 mm. “The brown form was marked identically the same, but coloured pale and dark brown instead of dark and light green. ** ‘The pupa was contained ina slight cocoon near the surface of the soil. Head, thorax, and wing-cases dark brown with paler markings, the wing-cases having rows of raised black dots. : ue 7 > * Gad i J s . a 7 itd . rs ‘ 7 a < ' r Ce, ‘ . s 4 ’ ® ay - ae ra : — bie * - s - a | - ; A = + . “ a ( - a > ., ss e 7 > ’ pa Mu dan _ ’. a ie 4 ’ * = ] a. fied 7 et “I S ia 7 : i ¢ 7 Vs } * Mf < » 7 Y s ‘ . ? eS ; os a 2 7 = £ . » ari = pa ee . an _, bi f ¢2 ¢ ~~. = = es oY ee Se ee eee ee a ‘ Find - ce eK aR ; * eS i . Po. ca] , i | BRADE-BIRKS, Ayn, & lag. Nat. Ehst. S92 Vol. Viet £1. « egbheh®:* + oe ¢eaee" se, 0” 8 pipsemgemtts ame Pa tetine WITHERS, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. S. 9. Vol. V. Pl. IIL. P. Dollman, photo. STRAMENTUM PULCHELLUM G. B, Sowerby, Junr., sp. : < tad alte 7 ope i 2 i i 2S ea ey * . hE ey Coe ry ving! - Bibi sie kA ae ~e" yea WITHERS. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. S. 9. Vol. V. Pl. IV. P. Dollman, photo STRAMENTUM HAWORTHI S. W. Williston, sp. GURNEY. Ann. § Mag. Nat. Hist. 8. 9. Vol. PUPIL. Horsiella brevicornis (Van Douwe). « “ ahd FASS ma re : tae os a oe — Ene CR a eer ec hell hast “ < us J pee : Regt Ae! : . 5 p : 7 daw — a Ee oe eae a GURNEY, Ann. § Mag. Nat. Hist. 8. 9. Vol. V. Pl. VI. a Horsiella brevicornis (Van Douwe). Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. S. 9. Vol. V. Pl. VII. NEWTON. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. S. 9. Vol. V. Pl. VIII. ox 7 P, Dollman, photo. R. B. Newton, direx. GASTROPOD AND CHAROPHYTE Remains in a Chalcedonised rock from Central South Africa, ATOR LAY Pavey Wik ’ Aji, GG Mag), ING, JES So 9. Wob, W, 12Ue JOX 7 ey er SE eS oe Pretec Mop m9 —e Je, I. bog el 4 IEE, B. too = ‘ ' be 1. A, exacta, 2. A, mesogona. 3, ATs,-6d. ‘post free. THE (OURNAL OF BOTANY BRITISH AND FOREIGN. ~ ‘Edited by JAMES. BRITTEN, K.S.G., F.L.S., LATE SENIOR. ASSISTANT, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, BRITISH MUSEUM, Articles by prominent Botanists ; Announcements of Discoveries; Reviews ; Botanical News and Notes, &c., &e. : Red Ligh. Gourt Fleet Street, London. eo ave As ame CON'TEN TS OF NUMBER 30. Ninth Series LIX. Notes on the in Sieaiu hee a spade vRAt cebaaee AARP Gan A AG RAR PE Leinart ||) iit | | WMipligy nett’ rene v4 pasnbl AY RY AAadiehid | Venta SCL ar puvunyyprbrst : cannes sabe (MEE Vi (i aman ee, | ,sououiuep”® sf . ( Ped ; ad : a) . Ts ol enne r Bin ‘ Tabyy erase = ~* ° Tope ieee ec int Migr ebb yi XY bie vy At f ~ 2 a a Por fe Reel | LL ol We ont 3B rE ALT rey US Aas “Aaa, ie “4 ade Pry haa se Bendy Las rertda, | mh LTT ote nat eras OSE MOR peel tos asee. Rcree (C114, mL) ap 94 Shh . Snopes SSCL ane 4 eat OP) dN VM Nga 90 saxo Weve on, AN en alt A COI Pe iGiah PE get CEN ORCA) ax INR R hae Nearer ORT ae 2 aeeran ataas ats we! | A. Os: Wu. a. 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