~ SSH hited gn Soci none = Detdintlvth tacks Die dalton + te ; WilivyscpyeVeTMIYE? Sansa Pe Wad lad y. poses ana psp THR WA we a aaah Fee Bada, ramtha jounul : pond! serscan eden’ itt yea v, bb { aan’ rh | “ts CoA. ie ) . as M “ Ven bP | AR (Matis aa + ae BATT SESE gui | 1 olan ; Wh ry ae Ay % 2. * it peat t Se y pe: et Ts ae Bes 4% > Fe et : Sz 7 Le ss, "Ne \ ae ay Waiy id 1} ‘ rt | a oo af HT Cee eet Aitdes.. 10, tuyiuin satan p PAP aid game Pl - Anat geisha tlie nee é San 8 | wm) & Hasse Ve vuantets aaj ‘ KN, mi : | Adin iwi \ ihe ‘ He aA ASTD ANS b \ Bus ral Mam ecaithhr nA} te cmcee enh s yr -3- VOL. VL—NINTH SERIES. eee LONDON: PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS. SOLD BY BAILLIERE, PARIS: AND HODGES, FIGGIS, AND CO., DUBLIN, 1920. “Omnes res creat sunt divine sapientix et potenti testes, divitie felicitatis humane :—ex harum usu Jonitas Creatoris; ex pulchritudine sapéentia Domini ; ex ceconomia in conservatione, proportione, renovatione, potentia majestatis elucet. Earum itaque indagatio ab hominibus sibi relictis semper sestimata ; 4 veré eruditis et sapientibus semper exculta; malé doctis et barbaris semper ininica fwit.”—Linn aus. “Quel que soit le principe de la vie animale, il ne faut qu’ouvrir les yeux pour voir qu’elle est le chef-d’ceuvre de la Toute-puissance, et le but auquel se rappor- tent toutes ses opérations.”—Bruckner, Théorie du Systeme Animal, Leyden, . 1767. o + «64 sss ee . Chesyiyanmpomers Obey our summons; from their deepest dells The Dryads come, and throw their garlands wild And odorous branches at our feet; the Nymphs That press with nimble step the mountain-thyme And purple heath-flower come not empty-handed, But scatter round ten thousand forms minute Of velvet moss or lichen, torn from rock Or rifted oak or cavern deep: the Naiads too Quit their loved native stream, from whose smooth face They crop the lily, and each sedge and rush That drinks the rippling tide: the frozen poles, Where peril waits the bold adventurer’s tread, The burning sands of Borneo and Cayenne, All, all to us unlock their secret stores And pay their cheerful tribute. J. Taytor, Norwich, 1818. CONTENTS OF VOL. VI. [NINTH SERIES. ] NUMBER 31. : Page I. Undescribed Species of African Crane-flies in the Collection of the British Museum (Natural History): Tipulide, Diptera — Part I. Subfamily ZLimnobiine. By Cuariers P. ALEXANDER, yyy Orb alse liliniois. Ui S cls, 6 v.25 scitsets, den joc a arcisle oe bavaisteyacarts 1 II. Some new Species of Cyprinoid Fish from Mysore. By C. R. Narayan Rao, M.A., University of Mysore, Bangalore. (Plates ES Ce WUE) eral rarer ciate aioxe! act at) Pe ahs als a Me atbalde sonsie Ue A ote 45 III, Fossil Arthropods in the Buitish Museum.—III. By T. D. A. CocKERELL, University of Colorado ........-.ee.0eeee 65 IV. New Species of African Simuliide. By A. W. J. Pomeroy, IME Tosa CE latecm elie Gar ur ie ceca ia Meraiatots rd whet sic eiqeeeg oe de 5 72 V. British Oligocene Ants. By Horace Sr. J. K. Donts- PEON Acre Babee « (EIAtG Vs) Gsivscetae cles ov ira tea Meer os 81 VI. On a Collection of Mammals from the Dinka Country, Bahr- el-Djebel. By Martin A. C, Hinron and P. 8. Kersuaw ...... o4 VII. The Species of Pedetes inhabiting Angola. By Martin fo Oe LEWISTON I ei Cen oro e Mngt On CODENGU eo amr TOA COGnTE anna. 102 VIII. Three new Fishes from the Tanganyika Territory, By 104 CAR MIME RRGAN HE EO osidieiee's vies e 60s cea ceee ees Serustelsse nate IX. Descriptions of Three new Frogs in the Collection of the British Museum. By G. A. BouULENGER, F.RB.S.........00000008 106 IV CONTENTS. Page X. Descriptions of Four new Snakes in the Collection of the British Museum. By G. A. BouLenGcER, F.R.S. ........¢ tis iOS XI. Notoryctes in North-west Australia. By OLpFirLp Toomas. 111 XII. A new Genus of Echimyine. By OLpDFIELD THomas .... 113 XIII. On Mammals from near Tinogasta, Catamarca, collected by sr. Budin. By OtpFieLp THOMAS...........«.. eat p ers 116 XIV. Notes on Acari parasitic on Birds, with Descriptions of Two new Species. By SranLteEy HIRsP....,. 600 lees 0s. Gc Scckewtonetehert 121 XV. Oxyuris paronat, v. Linst., and its Association with another Oxyurid in the same Host. By H. A. Bayiis, M.A. .........-.. 123 XVI. On the Use of the Generic Name Ceratopogon, Meigen (Diptera, Chironomide). By F. W. EDWARDS ......--.-....085. 127 XVII. Some new or little-known Gomphine Diagonflies from South America. By HERBERT Campion. (Plates VI. & VII.) .. 180 XVIII. An interesting new Genus of Avicularnde. By MELLo- Lerrao, M.D., Fellow of the Brazilian Society of Sciences ........ 141 e AIX. Rhynchota from New Caledonia. By W. L. Distant.... 143 XX. A Whale-barnacle of the Genus Xenodalanus from Ant- arctic Seas. By W. T. Carman, D.Sc. ........ steepest te hn 165 XXI. Remains of the Great Auk and Ptarmigan in the Channel Islands, 4By C: W._AnpREWs, DSc.,-HURS.4 sass aes anes GG XXII. On some Freshwater Fishes from Lower Congo. By E1nak LONNBERG and HIALMAR RENDAHL ..........0eeeceeee 167 NUMBER 82. XXIII. Notes on various African and Asiatic Species of LHapalo- chrus, Ky., with an Account of their accessory ¢ -characters [Coleo- piera|. By G.'C. Coampion, F.Z.5. (Plate VII.) <,.. 222; 005 Wi XXIV. Descriptions and Records of Bees. —LXXXIX. By T. D.A. CocKERELL, University of Colorado ............00- -. 201 XXYV. Fossil Arthropods in the British Museum.—IV. By T. D. A. CocKERELL, University of Colorado ..........004. PA ieee! CONTENTS. Vv XXVI. The British Species of the Copepod Genus Nitocra, Boeck. By Ropepr Gurney, M.A. .......... sho Me 4 ade cael weedeat. « 214 XXVII. The ‘Challenger’ Eryonidea (Crustacea). By Oscar Sunp, Cand. Real., Scientific Adviser to the Norwegian Bureau of RBH EMSS PESTS ON Gy sia «5-14 stays onda SM ETae cit 8 8 sus) sysiecnstee aero 65,4 220 XXVIII. On the Genus Trichodrilus, and on a British Species of the Genus. By Franx E. Bepparp, D.Sc., F.R.S.......--... cha aad XXIX. Three new Mammals from Northern Rhodesia. By DFAT RETHENG Ate, Cree EUTNTON( 5,5) 5 « ¥sicrs 0, ele) sje nef eropeienaseyt inisis)3 ters yareere 259 XXX. A new Tuco-tuco from Tucuman. By OLDFIELD THomas, 2438 XXXI. On a Collection of Pycnogonida from the South Orkney tslends,) By -W. T. Cauman, D.S¢i5 2 jadee shade ihc eane eon ee's 244 iProcsedings of the Geological Society... «63.050 sueWeoe neces os 247 NUMBER 33. XXXII. Notes on various African and Asiatic Species of Hapalo- chrus, Ey., with an Account of their accessory ¢-characters [Coleo- ptera]. By G. C. Cuampton, F.Z.S. (Plate VIII.) .......... .. 249 XXXIII. On Mammals from the Lower Amazons in the Goeldi Museum, Para. By OLDFIELD THOMAS .........6..000- ewan 266 XXXIV. Notes on some Parasitic Worms from East Africa. By EP Aap rem ACW Tale Vic tarti rapey Heater ces) sverciee&. sig, vie oe, he wvera cans a 8 ceive, 2Oe XXXV. Note on Young Specimens of Anthenea sp. By G. A. SMR seid fia, o16 aver bond ae ai ant eeatenslel steve ofelpiatess Mereerrsta sels va hates 295 XXXVI. A new Species of the Isopod Genus Serolis. By W. T. WAU MAING IDSC iterate ecto ae sitls cre aisle olor AGRO SDE COROT Doe 299 NUMBER 34. XXXVI. Notes on various African and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus, Ey., with an Account of their accessory ¢-characters [Coleoptera]. By G. C. Cuampion, F.Z.S: (Plate VIII)........ 305 XXXVIII. New Chilopods of the Genus Mecistocephalus. By Ratpa V. CHAMBERLIN, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. (Plates DUE terete tte eaie te) tovi einienatee Osi e se tiws whe Violen tierce e sb 328 XXXIX. Undescribed Species of African Crane-flies in the Collection of the British Museum (Natural History): Tipulide, Diptera.—Part I. Subfamily Zimnobiine. By Cuarizs P. ALEX- ANDER, on, DS Wrbane,cuinois, USA. stave serie risers beac etene 386 vi CONTENTS. Page XL. Notes on Myriapoda.—XXIV. Preliminary Note on a Milli- pede new to Science. By the Rey. 8. Granam Brapxr-Birks, M.Sc. (Manchester), Lecturer in Zoology and Geology, S.E. Agri- cultural College, Wiye,,Kent...... ....- ee eee eae eee 364 XLI. Scent-organs (?) in Female Midges of the Palpomyia Group. By Wn W. nD WARDS 1) oi 65. ps sic dw GAs BERR s Eee 365 XLII. On new Species of Curculionide from Africa. By Guy A; K. MarsHant,o).Se¢,, C.M:G.. (Plate aie yee. ye. eee 369 XLUI. New Rhopalocera from Central Ceram. By Grorcr PatHor, FH:S: +: Plates: Xl Vi— KEXP ate gaecoe le sincin es Oe 398 XLIV. A new Siamese Nematode of the Genus Falcaustra. By HA; VDA VETS) NGA. 2 se ciey. <)> 6 eis ee ee Re ne ie ee 408 XLV. Preliminary Description of a new Warthog. By Lord ROTHSCHILD, Ris Hea Dias gene tua ecm aie bi ees ean eee 416 XLVI. On small Mammals from the Famatina Chain, North- western Rioja. By OLDFIELD THOMAS..........200eceeseceee: 417 XLVII. On Mammals from Ceram, By OLpFIELD THoMas ., 422 XLVI. A remarkable new Genus of Lamellicorn Beetles. By GinnERnT J. ARROW, ELZ.9:71 sa, sn ecsicnstets alee eis ene eee 431 XLIX. A peculiar new Genus of Australian Beetles, By GILBERT )> ARROW, l):ZaS: kt bicer sual et ea es eke me ree 434 L. A new Genus of Clavicorn Beetles. By Ginpert J. ARRow, BZ. Oya ch BS eia clogs sects kes ca aieicae Wersene cree stews oie tatne cee 437 New Book :—Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phaleenz. Supplement, Vol. II. By Sir Grorez Hampson, Bart. ............0005 440 NUMBER 35. LI. On the Oriental Members of the Coleopterous Group Macro- dactylides (Melolonthide). By Gitpert J. Arrow, F.Z.S., FES. 441 LI. Description of a new Genus and Species of Cicadide from Cuba. By W.. a, Disrann 22698. (abe eens: ee ee ane 455 LUI. Rhynchota from New Caledonia. By W.L. Distanr .. 456 LIV. Notes on Myriapoda.—XXV. Preliminary Lists for Lincoln- shire and Norfolk. By Hitpa K. Brape-Brrxs, M.Se., M.B., Ch.B., L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., D.P.H., and the Rev. S. Grauam BRADE-BiRRSUMSE. oes cass thie es See ak et te 470 CONTENTS. vii Page LV. A new Termite from Mesopotamia. By Prof. F. Smtvesrrt. (LE) ites ON Fn nah Bee ails 5 oe 6 oi OR ae G's oie sinless) ee bho erarete ATT LVI. A new Termitophilous Collembolan from West Africa. By Janes MurkLe Brown, B.Sc., F.LS., BES. ....... 20sec eee 480 LVII. On some new Forms of Lichens. By Prof. Dr. C. EWES CEIKOW SCY <<, syhalelncos beste 'o.e erate meie ime t'y sels, se s)sis eee ect eless 482 New Books:—A Handbook of British Mosquitoes. By WuiLLiaM SONG CAIN ec ole) # aye ss) «ct lier aneuetee Sel et et sper ofa dacl'nl ins sundisholelsie 490 Barbados—Antigua Expedition.—Narrative and Preliminary Report of a Zoological Expedition from the University of Iowa to the Lesser Antilles under the auspices of the Graduate College. By Prof. C. C. Nurtina. University of Iowa Studies in Natural Elites Oye me VO Le WW olin INOW Giclee ater quate ol peiecctaj oir eletel ete sehenes «tf 318 wb. Furniture-beetles, their Life-history, and how to check or prevent the damage caused by the Worm. By Cuaries J. GAHAn, ES Coes ener ouet oe ear) orm anche ute AT ARTE ieuats i cerateta ch cle ws as tats ab. Proceedings of the Geological Society. ..........eeseeeeeeeeeeee 491 NUMBER 36. LVIIT. Papers on Oriental Carabide.—V. By H. E. ANpREwEs, 495 =— / LIX. On the Cynodontia. By D. M.S. Warson ............ 506 LX. Observations on the Succession of the Gastropods Paludestrina ulveé and ventrosa in Brackish Water. By G. C, Rosson, B.A. 525 LXI. Note on the Duikers hitherto referred to Cephalophus max- Wee Eye NEAR TEN is Cy EVENTONG ae 56 68 ox: cie,s o's, 04 6 oi cloreler oils ais 529 LXIL New small Mammals from New Guinea. By OLDFIELD ABELODNIIA Stee ser GAN echt el sci et No arate Stein AILS 4.00) el «Ge siehe sumreteydia. «ase eo auays 533 LXIII. Supplementary Note on the Genus Hapalochrus, Ey. (Coleopteral, By G.C. CHAMPION, F’Z.5. 2.0.0. .vcsvescceeade 537 New Book :—Monograph of the Lacertide. By G. A. BouLENGER. Wo lea lepers etevec ira ccate) ve a Se worden’ wcities o Nlcloa seid owe 66 o'x's 539 Proceedings of the Geological Society..........0s.ecccseessenes 540 Index: Tineeate ee wate Pola’. sees miayalej cit oeetyie oleate SOO nodW ODOC 541 PLATES IN VOL. VI. Piatr I, tt: i Iv. | V. British Oligocene ants, VI. VII. VIL. African and Asiatic Hapalochrus. Cyprinoid fishes. Pup and genitalia of Simulium. South American dragonflies. XI. XII. XIII. New Curculionids from Airica. XIV. Troides procus, Roths., ¢. IX. |] as Chilopods of the genus Mecistocephalus. o.QE ” 3 is tee XVI. Central Ceram butterflies. XVII aT Delias joiceyi, Talb. XIX. Delias manuselensis, Talb. XX. Microcerotermes diversus, sp. n. “ Vol.o. = = WINTH SERIES. No. ol eee THE ANNALS ] MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HIStory, ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, ann GEOLOGY, CONDUCTED BY WILLIAM CARRUTHERS, Pu.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.GS., sie ARTHUR E. SHIPLEY, G.B.E., M. Aa, C.D. E. R, S., FZ. AND RICHARD T. FRANCIS, F.Z.8. BEING A CONTINUATION OF THE ‘* ANNALS” COMBINUD WITH MESSRS. LOUDON AND CHARLESWORTH’S “‘ MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.’ WITH SEVEN PLATES. LONDON: TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET, Sold by Bailliere, Paris: and Hodges, Figeis, & Co., Dublin, "Double Number. 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All specimens sent on approval. - Please state which lists are required and give name of this en A New Price List of Birds’ Eggs will appear shortly. Super-Royal 8vo, pp. iv, 226. With 4 Plates and 16 Text- feiss Price Ts. Gd? A ea A CONTRIBUTION | PHYTOGEOGRAPHY AND FLORA DUTCH N.W. NEW ‘GUINEA. L. S. GIBBS, FLS, FRMS. TAYLOR AND FRANcIs, Red Lion Conrt, leet Steet, Rates for Advertisements 4 in F the. Annals and Magazine of Natural See : One ‘Six ts ep Wels * Insertion. Insertions, Insertions. ; PAGE - SUMGee 272 Oe O. le aes 12 O each’ HALF{PAGE (sis 9) 8 Go gr QUARTER-PAGE - 12 6 Ae Be All applications for space to be made. to : ‘ Mr. H. A. COLLINS, 32 he THE ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. [NINTH SERIES. ] wehnecekassumsaach ae per litora spargite muscum, Naiades, et circiim vitreos considite fontes: Pollice virgineo teneros hic carpite flores: Floribus et pictum, dive, replete eanistrum. At vos, o Nymphe Craterides, ite sub undas; - : Res Ite, recuryato variata corallia trunco Maa" Vellite muscosis e rupibus, et mihi conchas > Sides Ferte, Dex pelagi, et pingui conchylia succo.’ NV. Parthenii Giannethesi, Wols 1, eu 24 , No. 81. JULY 1920. \Secionay yoa® I.—Undescribed Species of African Crane-flies in the Collec- tion of the British Museum (Natural History) : Tipulide, Diptera.—Part I. Subfamily Limnobiine. By Cuaries P. Atexanper, Ph.D., Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A. For several years past the writer has been engaged in the preparation of a monographic revision of the Tipuloidean flies of the Ethiopian Region. During the progress of this study the collections of many of the Museums in America, South Africa, and Europe were kindly sent me for study by the authorities in charge. The largest and most important collections of tropical African crane-flies are those contained in the British Museum of Natural History, and it is with the deepest appreciation and thanks that the writer acknow- ledges the kind assistance of Mr. F. W. Edwards in securing the loan of these unrivalled collections. The species herein diagnosed as new will be keyed, and many of them figured, in the forthcoming revision mentioned above. Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 1 2 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies Family Tipulide. Subfamily Lruwozrrz. Tribe LiMNOBIINI. Genus Dicranomyia, Stephens. Dicranomyia scutellum-nigrum, sp. 0. Head dark ; mesonotal preescutum and postnotum yellow- ish, the scutal lobes and scutellum black; pleura yellow with a transverse dark brown stripe on the mesepisternum ; wings long and narrow, yellow, with about four dark brown cross- bands, the second at the level of the sector, the third at the cord, the last at the wing-tip ; Sc long, cell ls¢ M; closed. Female.—Length about 85 mm.; wing about 9 mm.; middle leg, femur, 8°5 mm. ; tibia, 8°9 mm. Rostrum and palpi brownish yellow, the latter a little the darker, short. Antennze with the scapal segments obscure yellowish, the second segment dark brown at the tip; flagellum rather elongate, dark brown, each segment with a very long, secund verticil. Head dark brown. Mesonotal preescutum shiny yellowish red without darker markings ; scutal lobes brownish black, the median area and base of the scutellum obscure yellow; remainder of the scutellum blackish; postnotum yellowish. Pleura shiny yellowish with a single, rather narrow, transverse, dark brown stripe on the mesepisternum, continued ventrad on to the dorsal margin of the mesosternum, this line extending from the concolorous scutal lobes, passing immediately before the wing-root. Halteres yellow, the knobs dark brown. Legs with the cox and trochanters yellow ; femora brown, pale at the base, passing into dark brown at the apex; tibiz brown, the tips dark brown ; tarsi dark brown; legs rela- tively long and slender; claws broken. Wings long and relatively narrow, light yellowish, with about four brown cross-bands ; these markings are dark brown in the costal region but fade into grey in the anal cells; these bands are distributed as follows: the first band lies just beyond the yellowish wing-base and completely traverses the wing, occupying the middle third of cell 2nd A; the second band occupies the level of the origin of fs, appearing as a large, dark brown area at this origin, continued caudad across the wing as a much paler, grey cloud; the third band occupies the cord and completely traverses the wing, paler in the caudal cells; a large rounded brown spot at the tip of R, ; an the British Museum. 3 wing-tip extensively darkened, this including the outer halves of cells 2nd R,, R3, Rs, all of 2nd M, and M3, and the apices of Cu, and Cu; the outer end of cell Ist M, is seamed with brown, confluent with the dark wing-apex. Venation: Sc long, Se, ending opposite the fork of Rs, Sc, at the tip of Sc,; Rs long, strongly arcuated at origin; 7 at the tip of FR, ; basal deflection of A,,; less than twice the length of r; cell lst M, closed, large, longer than the veins beyond it; the remainder of the wing-tip is injured and cannot be described. Abdominal tergites reddish yellow, the bases of the seg- ments more or less blackish, this most distinct on tergites six and seven where it occupies about the basal half of the segment; on the basal and intermediate segments these marks are much paler ; sternites similar, the black markings on segments six and seven distinct. Ovipositor with the valves chitinized, but relatively short and stout; sternal valves black at the base on either side of the median line, the tips acute ; the weak and rather slender tergal valves are bent upward at about mid-length. Hab. Southern Nigeria. Holotype, 2 , Ilesha, September 18, 1910, caught in house, lem. (Capt. L. E. H. Humfrey). Presented by the Entomological Research Committee, 1911-422. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Dicranomyia woosnami, sp. 0. General coloration light yellow ; antennz yellow; tips of the femora and tibiz wuarrowly darkened, claws simple ; wings hyaline, with sparse, small, brown spots ; abdominal tergites marked with brown triangular cross-bands; ovi- positor with the tergal valves very sinall, strougly curved. Female.—Length about 6 mm. ; wing 6°8 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne with the first scapal segment dark brown, remainder of the antenne light yellow, the terminal three segments very slightly darkened ; flagellar segments long-oval with rather long, black verticils. Head dark brown, the vertex narrow. Mesothorax clear shiny yellow without dark markings ; metanotum dark brown. MHalteres pale, the knobs a little darker than the stem. Legs with the coxe and trochanters pale yellow ; femora yellow, the tips narrowly dark brownish black ; tibiz brownish yellow. the tips very narrowly dark 4 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies brown; tarsi brown; claws slender, untoothed. Wings hyaline, iridescent, with small brown spots arranged as follows: at the origin of Rs; fork of Sc; tip of R, and on r 3; very narrow and indistinct seams along the cord and outer end of cell lst M, and a conspicuous spot at the end of vein 2nd A; veins slender, dark brown. Venation: Sc rather short, Sc, ending a short distance beyond the origin of Rs; Sco at the tip of Sc,; Rs strongly angulated and spurred at origin ; 7 at the tip of A,; basal deflection of R,,, about equal to the basal deflection of M,,,.; cell lst My, large, rectangular, about as long as vein M,,, beyond it; m a little shorter than the outer deflection of M3; basal deflection of Cu, at or just beyond the fork of MM. Abdomen pale brownish yellow, the tergites with a broad- triangular brown band at the caudal margin of segments one to six, smallest on the sixth segment. Ovipositor with the tergal valves very tiny, slender, strongly upcurved, the tips acute ; sternal valves brown, the bases blackened, very long and powerful, gently upceurved, the tips broad, obliquely truncated, and minutely angulated. Hab. British East Africa. Holotype, 2, Kericho, altitude 5500 feet, November 1, 1912 (R. B. Woosnam). B.M. No. 1914. 2. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). The species is dedicated to the collector, Mr. R. B. Woosnam. Genus Limnosia, Meigen. Limnobia trichoptera, sp. n. Head black ; antennz black, the verticils unusually long; pronotum and mesonotum with a broad, median, black stripe ; preescutum with brown lateral stripes ; femora with one or two yellow rings before the tip; wings pale brown with darker costal markings and numerous small, pale yellowish, subhyaline areas in all the cells; distal cells of the wings with numerous macrotrichia; 7 at the tip of Ry, basal deflection of Cu, before the fork of ©. Male.—Length 7°5 mm.; wing 9°5 mm. Female.—Length about 7°5 mm. ; wing 9°8-10 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brownish black. Antenne black, the flagellar segments elongate, attenuate, with very long delicate verticils. Head deep velvety black. Pronotum velvety black. Mesonotal preescutum light in the British Museum. 5 yellow with a broad, black, median stripe which splits behind into two divergent arms enclosing a yellowish tri- angular area between them, this lying immediately before _the suture ; lateral stripes broad, dark brown; scutum with the lobes brown: scutellum obscure yellowish ; postnotum pale yellowish brown, the sides darker. Pleura pale brownish yellow with indications of darker brown clouds on the mesepisterna. Halteres moderately long and slender, dark brown, the extreme base paler. Legs with the cox pale brownish yellow; trochanters dull yellow; in the male allotype the femora are brown with a single yellow ring before the broad brown apex, a narrow yellow median area being barely indicated ; in the females, however, the femora are pale brown, more yellow on the outer half, with a narrow blackish postmedial ring and a slightly narrower and paler subapical ring, the tip broadly yellow; tibize black, the extreme bases a little paler; tarsi black. Wings pale brown with darker brown marks along the costal region, the first at the arculus, the third at the origin of Rs, the fourth at the tip of Sc,; stigma rectangular, dark brown; cord and outer end of cell lst M, narrowly seamed with brown ; remainder of the wing-surface variegated with yellowish spots and blotches, these occurring in all the cells, the more conspicuous being as follows: before and beyond the stigma ; before the wing-tip in cells 2nd RK, and R; before the cord, in cell lst M., in the bases and before the tips of cells 2nd M, and M3, in cell Cu before the basal deflection of Cu,, near the end of Cu, lst A, and 2nd A; veins dark brown ; apical cells of the wing with macrotrichia, these including the stigma, cell 2nd R,, the outer half of R, and R;,, all but the base of 2nd M,., M3, and the extreme tip of Cv. -Venation : Sc long, ending about opposite mid-length of Rs, Sc. at the extreme tip of Sc, and more than twice its length; Rs strongly angulated at origin; r at the tip of A,; veins R,,3 and R,,; running parallel to one another, so cell 2nd R, is very wide at the wing-margin ; cell 1st M/, closed, about as long as vein Cu, beyond it; basal deflection of Cu, before the fork of 1, this distance longer than r—m. Abdomen short in both sexes ; tergites pale brown, the sternites yellowish ; a blackish spot at the posterior lateral angles of the sternites. Male hypopygium with the pleurites rather small, on the proximal face with a large fleshy appendage, which is provided with long coarse hairs ; pleural appendages small. Gonapophyses appearing as flattened plates, each terminating in an acute blackened point that is directed caudad and slightly laterad. Ovipositor with the 6 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies valves slender but weak, the tergal valves gently upcurved, the sternal valves blackened beneath at the base. Hab. Rhodesia, Uganda. Holotype, 2, Mt. Chirinda, Melsetter District, Southern Rhodesia, altitude 3500 feet, June 11, 1911 (C. FL A. Swynnerton), collector’s no. 3625. Allotype, 3, Mt. Kokanjero, S.W. of Elgon, Uganda, altitude 6400 feet, August 2, 1911 (S. A. Neave). B.M. no. 1913. 140. Paratopotype, ° . Presented by the Entomological Research Committee, 1912. 145. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Limnobia rhanteria, sp. n. Head dark grey with a median brown line ; antennze dark brownish black, the tips of the individual segments paler ; mesonotal preescutum pale brown with four indistinct, darker brown stripes ; thoracic pleura with a broad dark stripe, with a silvery stripe ventrad of it; femora with the tips yellow, with a subapical brown ring in this yellow portion ; wings pale yellow, dotted and sprinkled witb pale brown in all the cells; stigma with yellow centre; abdominal tergites brown, the sternites brownish yellow. Male.—Length about 5°5-6 mm.; wing 9°5-10°4 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennz dark brownish black, the flagellar segments indistinctly tipped with paler ; the elongate first scapal segment is dusted with grey ; flagellar segments oval, narrowed at the ends. Head dark grey with a median black stripe. Pronotum pale brown, rather prominent. Mesonotal prescutum pale brown with four indistinct darker brown stripes, the median pair divided by a very indistinct, capillary median line ; scutal lobes dark brown, the remainder of the scutum pale brownish yellow ; scutellum pale brown, a little darker laterally, continued caudad from the dark scutal lobes ; postnotum dark brown. Pleura pale brown with a darker chestnut-brown stripe extending from the fore cox to the base of the halteres, the mesosternum likewise dark brown, the space between these dark marks silvery pruinose. Halteres long and slender, dark brown, the base of the stem abruptly light yellow. Legs long and slender with the coxze and trochanters reddish yellow; femora with the basal quarter pale, thence passing into dark brown, the tip broadly an the British Museum. 7 yellow, enclosing a brown subapical annulus, this being a little broader than the actual yellow tip; tibiz and tarsi dark brown. Wings pale yellow, cells C, Sc, and Ist R, brighter yellow; wing-surface marbled and sprinkled with pale brown spots and clouds ; stigmal area enclosing a pale yellow spot immediately before 7; the marks at the origin of Rs and along the cord are somewhat darker brown, the middle half of Rs being yellow, the ends surrounded by these brown seams; 2nd Anal cell largely occupied by a brown cloud ; compared with the somewhat similar L. soko- trana, the markings are fewer in number and more confluent. Venation : Se moderately long, Sc, ending a short distance before the fork of Rs, Sc, at the tip of Se, ; rat the tip of R,; basal deflection of Cu, at or a short distance before the fork of JZ. Abdominal tergites brownish, the sternites brownish yellow; hypopygium pale brown. Hab. Uganda, British East Africa. Holotype, 3, Hill Bembadalada, May 26, 1911 (Dr. C. H. Marshall). Paratype, 3, Fort Hall, British East Africa, May 1, 1912 (W. C. Prichard). Presented by the Entomological Research Committee, 1912. 109, 1913. 394. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). The paratype male is much less distinctly marked than the type above described, but almost surely refers to the same species. Limnobia pecila, sp. n. Head brown ; antennz dark brown, the flagellar segments oval; pronotum and mesonotal preescutum reddish brown with a broad median stripe; pleura reddish brown; legs dark brownish black, the femora with an indistinct, narrow, reddish ring before the tip ; wings yellowish subhyaline with brown spots and dots that are found in all the cells, but are more distinct and clear-cut in the cells of the costal half, paler and ill-defined in the cells of the caudal half of the wing ; abdomen dark brown. Male.—Length 8 mm.; wing 10:1 mm.; fore leg, femur 8°4 mm., tibia 10°8 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne dark brown, the flagellar segments oval. Head dark brown. Pronotum dark brownish black, the sides reddish yellow. 8 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies Mesonotal preseutum reddish brown with a broad, brown, median stripe ; scutal lobes dark brown; median area of the scutum and the base of the scutellum obscure yellow ; remainder of the mesonotum dark brown. Pleura reddish brown without stripes. Halteres moderately elongated, the stem obscure yellow, passing into the dark brown knobs. Legs with the coxze and trochanters brownish yellow ; femora dark brownish black, the bases a little paler ; a very obscure, narrow, reddish ring before the broad black tip; remainder of the legs black. . Wings with a faint yellow tinge, with brown spots and dots scattered in all the cells, these heavier and more distinct in the cells of the costal half of the wing, very pale, ill-defined, and confluent in the caudal cells ; these marks consist of a series of brown spots in cells C and Sc; a large brown spot at the origin of As, including cell Se; a larger spot at the tip of Se,; stigma oval, dark brown, entire; wing-tip at the end of vein R,,3; darkened; the spots in the radial cells are more scattered, but in the caudal cells they are so numerous and approximate that their limits become ill-defined and the general coloration of these cells of the wing becomes pale brown; veins dark brown. Vena- tion: Sec, ending almost opposite or but slightly before the fork of Rs ; Sc, at the tip of Sc; ; 7 at the tip of R, and subequal to this tip; basal deflection of Cw, at the fork of M. Abdominal segments dark brown, the centres of the disk more reddish ; hypopygium brown, Hab. Gold Coast. Holotype, 3, Bibiani, October, 1910 (Dr. H. G. F. Spurrell). Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Limnobia pecila is generally similar to LZ. rhanteria, but is readily told by the diagnostic characters listed above. Limnobia sokotrana, sp. n. Antenne black, the segments not conspicuously elongated, verticils short; vertex very narrow between the eyes; mesonotum obscure greenish yellow with a broad blackish median stripe; pleura yellow, with a conspicuous, longi- tudinal, brown stripe; halteres with the knobs yellow; legs with the femora long and slender, light brown, the tips dark brown and with a yellowish subapical ring; wings pale greyish yellow, with a few brown spots and seams at the ends of the veins in the costal region and along the cord; all the cells of the wing dotted with pale brownish grey ; in the British Museum. 9 cell lst M, closed, basal deflection of Cu, just beyond the fork of M; abdominal segments yellowish, the basal tergites dark brown. Male.—Length about 9°5 mm. ; wing 11°5 mm.; hind leg, femur 10 mm., tibia 9°2 mm. Rostrum slightly elongate, dark brownish black ; palpi black. Antenne dark brown throughout; first scapal segment elongated; basal flagellar segments enlarged, sub- globular, the distal segments cylindrical, the verticils shorter than the segments that bear them; terminal flagellar segment nearly twice as long as the penultimate, deeply constricted at mid-length to appear as two. Head dark brown; vertex between the eyes very narrow, so that the eyes are almost contiguous. Pronotum obscure yellowish. Mesonotal prescutum obscure greenish yellow with a broad, brownish-black, median stripe that broadens out behind; scutal lobes largely blackish brown ; scutellum and postnotum similar, sparsely grey-pruinose, the sides at the base paler. Pleura obscure yellow with a narrow, dark brown, longitudinal stripe extending from the propleura, passing above the fore coxe and base of the halteres to the postnotum; meso- sternum similarly dark brown. Halteres with the knobs and bases of the stem yellowish, the remainder of the stem pale brown. Legs with the coxe yellow, the posterior cox darker; trochanters dull yellow; femora rather long and slender, light brown, the tips narrowly (1-1:1 mm.) dark brownish black; a dull yellowish subapical ring ; tibie and tarsi dark brown; claws with four basal teeth. Wings with a pale greyish-yellow tinge, costal and subcostal cells more yellowish ; membrane with a few brown spots and seams, and numerous pale brownish-grey dots in the cells; the larger brown markings are as follows: At #; at the origin of Rs, continued along the vein to beyond a third its length; tip of Sc,; at the tip of R, and along r; as seams along the cord and outer end of Ist M,; the small pale dots are well scattered over all the cells; there is a small yellowish area near the end of cell lst Ry, immediately before 7, giving a somewhat ocellate appearance to the stigma. Venation: Sc long, ending but a short distance before the fork of Rs, Sc. at the tip of Sc, and subequal to it; Rs long, gently arcuated; r at the tip of R,; Ry,3 rather arcuated at origin, thence running parallel to A,,;; basal deflection of Ry,5 about one-half longer than r—m ; cell 1st M, closed, long-pentagonal, m being about two-fifths the length of the 10 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies long outer deflection of M,; basal deflection of Cu, immediately before the fork of M. Abdominal tergites one and two, and the sides of three dark brown; caudal margin of segments two to seven obscure yellow, the remaining tergites reddish yellow; sternite yellow. Hab. island of Sokotra. Holotype, 3, Adho, Diemelilus, altitude 3500 feet, February 15, 1899 (JV. R. O.-Grant), B.M. no. 1903. 75. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Limnobia nyasaensis, sp. 0. Antenne black, the flagellar segments pale at their tips ; head dark-coloured, grey-pruinose; mesonotum reddish yellow with an anterior dark brown median stripe on the prescutum; femora with the tips broadly dark brown; wings pale yellow, the costal and subcostal cells brighter, the membrane dotted with brown, the origin of Rs and r seamed with darker brown. Male.—Length about 6 mm.; wing 9°3 mm. Female.——Length about 8 mm.; wing 9'4 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brownish black. Antennz black, the distal ends of the intermediate segments pale to produce a bicolorous appearance; basal flagellar segments sub- globular, the intermediate oval, the distal segments elongate- oval. Head dark-coloured, grey-pruinose. Pronotum reddish yellow with a dark brown median stripe. Mesonotal prescutum similar, with an anterior dark brown median line that becomes bifid and obliterated at about mid-length of the sclerite; remainder of the meso- notum and the pleura reddish yellow. Halteres rather long and slender, pale brown, the knobs dark brown. Legs with the coxz and trochanters reddish yellow ; femora brownish yellow, the tips broadly dark brown; tibie light brown, the tips narrowly dark brown; tarsi dark brown. Wings pale yellow, the costal and subcostal cells brighter ; a dark brown seam at the origin of Rs and along r and the tip of £,; narrow, paler brown seams along the cord and outer end of cell 1st M,; scattered pale brown dots in all the cells as in L. irrorata, their number and position somewhat variable. Venation: Se rather long, ending opposite about two-thirds the length of Rs, Sc, at the tip of Se,; r at the tip of R,, the latter being equa! to or about twice the length of the former; cell lst M, closed, irregularly pentagonal, m being in the British Museum. . 11 Jess than one-half the outer deflection of M3; basal deflection of Cu, shortly before the fork of M. Abdomen reddish brown. Hub. Nyasaland. Holotype, 3 , Mianje, January 20, 1913 (S. 4A. Neave). Allotopotype, 2 , January 24, 1913. Presented by the Entomological Research Committee, 1913. 236. Ty pe in the collection of the British Museum. Limnobia nyasaensis is close to L. irrorata (Enderlein), but differs in the broad dark brown femoral tips and the eonspicuous dark brown seams at the origin of Rs and along r and the tip of R,. Limnobia humfreyi, sp. 0. Antenne brown ; head dark grey; pronotum dull yellow with a broad black median stripe; mesonotum black, the humeral angles of the praescutum yellow; pleura obscure yellowish ; halteres black, the basal third of the stem yellow; femora dark brown, the tips black ; wings subhyaline, costal and subcostal cells dark brown; cord, outer end of cell 1st M,, and the wing-tip brown; abdominal tergite orange- yellow with segments two, six, and seven black. Male.—Leugth about 11 mm.; wing 11 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennz with the scapal segments brown, the flagellar segments a little darker brown; flagellar segments oval, the distal segments a little more elongate, the longest verticils about one-half longer than the segments that bear them. Head dark grey, the eyes very large, the vertex between tlem narrowed to a linear strip. Pronotum dull yellow with a broad black median stripe. Mesonotal preescutum dull yellow witb a broad black median stripe that is broadened out behind near the suture to include the whole posterior half of the sclerite ; scutal lobes black, the median area a little paler; scutellum and post- notum dark brownish black. Pleura obscure yellowish without darker markings. Halteres black, the basal third of the stem abruptly light yellow. Legs with the coxz and trochanters dull yellow; femora dark brown, the tips black ; tibie black, the extreme bases paler; tarsi black. Wings subhyaline, the costal and subcostal cells dark brown; stigma dark brown, hairy; brown spots and seams at the origin of Rs, along the cord and outer end of cell Ist M/,; a less distinct mark at arculus ; the wing-tip is broadly infuscated, this including all but the base of cell 2nd R,, the outer half 12 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies of cells R; and R;, all but a spot at the base of cell 2nd Mz, all of M,, all of Cu, except a large subbasal spot, and the margins of the remaining cells of the wing; veins dark brownish black. Venation: Sc long, Sc, ending a short distance before the fork of Rs, Se, at the tip of Sc,; Rs angulated and slightly spurred at origin; 7 on the tip of R, and long, nearly equal to the basal deflection of Cu,; basal deflection of R,,; nearly three times the length of r-m; cell lst M, long, narrow, a little widened distally, much longer than vein Cu, beyond it; basal deflection of Cu, just before the fork of MW. Abdominal tergite one light orange-yellow ; two black, except at the extreme base ; three orange, the caudal margin indistinctly darkened; four orange ; five with the basal half orange, the caudal half and all of segments six and seven black ; eight and nine and the hypopygium orange; sternites orange, segments three and the subterminal ring of the tergites occurring on the sternites also, black. Hab. Southern Nigeria. Holotype, 3, llesha (Capt. L. EH. H. Humfrey). Presented by the Entomological Research Committee, 1911. 422. This handsome species is closely allied to LZ. congoensis, Alexander (Belgian Congo), and several other species described at this time. It is with pleasure that the fly is dedicated to Captain Humfrey as an appreciation of the labour involved in collecting numerous Tipulide in Southern Nigeria. Limnobia grahami, sp. n. Head dusky black, a narrow median line and the margins of the eyes light grey ; mesonotum brownish black, only the narrow humeral regions of the prescutum yellowish; meso- pleura and mesosternum with a conspicuous transverse dark brown area; legs black; abdomen with segments one, four, eight, and nine yellow, two, three, five, six, and seven black. Male.—Length about 9°5 mm.; wing 10°3 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brownish black. Antennee with the first scapal segment dark brown, the second segment dark brown basally, the tip paler; flagellar segments elongate-cylindrical, the verticils longer than the segments. Head with the vertex blackish ; the median area and the narrow margins adjoining the eyes light grey; the dusky black areas of the vertex and occiput bear numerous black an the British Museum. 13 bristles ; vertex between the eyes narrowed at the hinder part of the eyes, at the narrowest part rather ight brown. Pronotum yellowish, narrowly dark brown medially. Mesonotal preescutum brownish- black, sparsely dusted with erey, especially behind ; humeral region very narrowly dull yellow; remainder of the mesonotum black, the median area of the scutum greyish. Pleura obscure yellow, the mesepisternum, mesepimeron, and lateral sclerites of the postnotum dark brown, sparsely dusted with greyish, directly continuous with the median sclerite of the postnotum ; sternites similarly dark brownish black. MHalteres dark brown, the base of the stem narrowly yellowish. Legs with the coxz obscure yellow, the outer faces infumed; tro- chanters brown ; legs dark brownish black. Wings nearly hyaline, the costal and subcostal cells dark brown; stigma dark brown, hairy ; wing-tip dark brown in cells 2nd R, (except the base), the outer half of R,; and R;, all but the base of 2nd M,, M,, and Cu, and the apices of the other caudal cells ; cord and outer end of cell Ist M, rather broadly seamed with dark brown ; aspot at the origin of Rs; veins brownish black. Venation as in L. humfreyi. Abdominal tergite one light yellow; two and three black except a narrow basal ring; four orange; five to seven black; eight, nine, and the hypopygium orange ; sternites generally similar to the tergites. Hab. Ashanti. Holotype, 3, Obuasi, July 5, 1907 (Dr. W. M. Graham); caught on window. B.M. no. 1908. 245. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Limnobia grahami is very close to L. humfreyi, but may be told by the increase of black markings on the mesonotal prescutum, the conspicuous dark area on the mesopleura, tue black abdomen with the fourth segment clear orange, aud other characters. Limnobia edwardsi, sp. n. Mesonotal przscutum yellow with a broad black median stripe ; scutal lobes, the distal halves of the scutellum, and the postnotum deep velvety black, basal halves of the scutellum and the postnotum yellow; pleura yellow with a narrow transverse band across the mesopleura and mesosternum, completely girdling the thorax at this point ; a dark mark in front of the halteres, the area between these two dark bands couspicuously yellow-pollinose ; legs black; wings with the 14 Dr. C. P. Alexander on Afrecan Crane-flies brown seams on the cord broad, cell 1s¢ M, long; abdominal tergites reddish with a black ring on segments six and seven. Male.—Length (exclusive of head) about 12 mm.; wing 13 mm. Head lost in the unique type. Pronotum pale yellow with a broad median black stripe. Mesonotal prescutum golden-yellow, with a broad black median stripe, at the suture meeting the black scutal lobes, from which extends laterad a narrow black - girdle across the pleura and sternum, completely encircling the body ; median area of the scutum and the base of the scutellum golden-yellow pollinose; remainder of the scutellum black ; postnotum with the basal half golden-yellow pollinose, the caudal half deep velvety black. Pleura light yellow, with a narrow transverse black band on the mesopleura and meso- sternum as described above; sides of the postnotum cephalad of the base of the halteres black ; the region immediately beneath the wing-root dark brown; the large oval space between these transverse black areas, occupying the mesepi- meron and part of the mesosternum, light golden-yellow pollinose. Halteres with the extreme base of the stem dark brown; stem yellow, the knobs broken. Legs with the coxe and trochanters lhght reddish yellow; remainder of the legs black, the bases of the fore femora narrowly obscure yellow. Wings pale yellowish subhyaline; cell Se brown, cell C brown distally, the basal half pale; stigma oval, hairy, dark brown; a large brown spot at the origin of Rs and brown seams along the cord and outer end of cell lst M,; wing-tip narrowly darkened, this including the outer half of cell 2nd R, and the extreme outer ends of cells Rz, R;, 2nd M,, M3, Cu, and Cu; distal two-thirds of cell 2nd A greyish ; vein Cu distinctly and rather broadly seamed with brown ; the other longitudinal veims more narrowly and _ less distinctly seamed with brown, more distinct on the outer half of the wing; veins dark brownish black. Venation : Sc long, ending a short distance before the fork of Rs, Sc, at the tip of Sc,; As slightly angulated at origin ; 7 at the extreme tip of R, and more than twice the length of this tip ; basal deflection of R,,; about two-fifths the length of Rs; ecll 1st M, long and comparatively narrow, longer than any of the veins issuing from it, its inner end arcuated, lying proximad of r—m; basal deflection of Cu, and short distance beyond the fork of MZ. Abdominal tergite one yellow; two reddish with a black ring around the middle; three and four reddish ; five reddish with a black ring around the middle ; segments six and seven in the British Museum. 15 black ; eight, nine, and hypopygium reddish ; eighth tergite telescoped beneath the seventh. Hab. British East Africa. Holotype, 3, Nairobi, June-July, 1912 (Dr. A. D. Milne). B.M. no. 1918. 192. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). It is with great pleasure that this very beautiful Limnobia is dedicated to Mr. F. W. Edwards, in appreciation of his critical studies on tropical Tipulidee. Limnobia compta, sp. n. Mesonotal prescutum yellow with a narrow, dark brown, median stripe, before the suture traversed by a broad transverse band that passes across the mesopleura and meso- sternum, completely girdling the body; scutum with the lobes black; scutellum light yellow; postnotum black; pleura with a silvery-white area behind the black girdle; halteres black, pale basally; femora obscure brownish yellow, the tips dark brown; wings faintly yellow, with incon- spicuous dark markings ; basal abdominal segments black, ringed caudally with reddish ; segments five to seven black, eight and nine orange. Female.—Length about 10°5-11°5 mm.; wing 11-11°6 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennze with the scapal segments yellowish brown; flagellar segments pale brown, moderately elongated, and with long secund verticils. Head light brown, sparsely grey-pruinose medially, the lateral portions dark brown. Pronotum yellow with a moderately broad, dark brown, median stripe. Mesonotal przscutum subshiny, dull yellowish with a narrow, dark brown, median stripe that broadens out on the posterior half of the sclerite, before the suture with a broad transverse band that forms a cross with the median stripe; immediately in front of this cross the median stripe is considerably narrowed ; the transverse band is continued laterad across the pleura and sternum, com- pletely girdling the body; scutum obscure yellow, the lobes largely shiny black, indistinctly connected with the black pleural band ; scutellum conspicuously light yellow-pollinose; postnotum shiny black. Pleura light yellow with a broad, transverse, black band as described above, this including the mesepisternum and mesosternum; lateral pieces of the postnotum immediately before the bases of the halteres black, these two black areas enclosing between them a 16 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies narrow silvery-white spot. Halteres rather short, black, the basal two-fifths of the stem pale yellow. Legs with the fore cox yellow; middle and hind coxe with the outer faces largely black ; trochanters obscure brownish yellow; femora yellowish basally, the tips dark brown, these broadest on the fore legs where less than the basal third is pale, narrowest on the hind legs where it includes only the distal fifth ; tibize pale brown, the tips narrowly dark brown ; tarsi dark brown. Wings with a faint yellowish tinge ; the base of the wing before the arculus darkened: basal half of cell Se darkened; stigma oval, hairy, dark brown; narrow and indistinct brown clouds at the origin of Rs, along the cord and outer end of cell lst M,, and as indistinct clouds along the longitudinal veins and in the ends of cells 2nd M,, M3, Cu,, and at the end of vein lst A; veins dark brownish black. Venation : Sc malerately short, Sc, ending but little beyond mid-length of Rs, Sc, at the tip of Sc,; r at the tip of R,; cell lst M, rather small, not longer than vein Cu, beyond it; basal deflection of Cu, a short distance before the fork of M. Abdominal segments one to four black, the caudal margins broadly reddish yellow; segments five to seven black, eight and nine orange ; valves of the ovipositor short and blunt as in this group of species. Hab. Southern Nigeria. Holotype, 2, Oshogbo (Dr. T. F. G. Mayer). Paratopotype, ¢ . Presented by the Entomological Research Committee, 1911. 422. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Tribe ANTOCHINI. Genus Creratocuetius, Wesché. Ceratocheilus edwardst, sp. n. Rostrum about as long as the body ; head light grey ; mesonotal prescutum light reddish orange; remainder of the mesonotum brown ; pleura with a broad dark brown dorsal stripe; wings pale creamy with a heavy dark brown pattern ; vein R,,; very long, bisinuous ; cell 1st JZ, closed, basal deflection of Cu, before the fork of M. Male.—Length (excluding rostrum) about 6°3 mm. ; wing 4:4. mm.; rostrum about 6 mm. Rostrum very long and slender, approximately as long as the body, dark brown, the extreme base almost black. in the British Museum. Lf Antennz dark brownish black. Head clear light grey, the vertex surrounding the antennal bases infuscated ; corni- culus flattened, sub- oval, narrowed at the base, pale orange, the surface whitish- pubescent. Space between the eyes broad. Pronotum dark brown. Mesonotal praescutum greatly narrowed and projecting anteriorly over the pronotum, light reddish orange in colour without apparent darker markings ; : remainder of the mesonotum brown. Pleura pale, with a very broad, dark brown, dorsal stripe extending from the pronotum to the base of the abdomen. Sternum dark brown, this colour continued across the outer faces of the middle and hind cox. MHalteres pile yellow, the base of the stem a little darker, the knobs large, dank brownish black. Legs with the fore coxe light-colour d, the middle aid hind coxze more or less infumed on their outee faces ; trochanters dull yellow ; remainder of the legs dark brown, the femoral bases and the last tarsal segment paler. Wings with a pale creamy tinge, the wing- -base and costal region more yellowish; a heavy dark. brown pattern as follows :— a small seam at 4; a large dark brown mark just beyond the arculus, extending from cell C to the ls¢ Anal vein ; a large seam at Sc,; a large U-shaped mark at the origin of Rs, one branch embracing the tip of Se,, the other the tip of R,, the end of cell Sc between being pale, this brown mark continued caudad almost to vein J/; a large rounded area at the end of vein R,,3;; cord and outer on of cell Ist M, seamed with dark brown; brown spots at the ends of veins of Cw, Cu,;, lst A, and 2nd A; a large cloud beyond mid-length of vein ls¢ A ; a paler brown subapical band extending from cell R; to M3, the extreme wing-tip in cells R;, R;, and M, creamy white; veins yellow, dark brown in the darkened areas. Venation: R,,3; very long for a member of this genus, gently bisinuous, approximately as long as the sector itself, cell R, being unusually long; cell Ist M, closed ; basal dedection of Cui before the fork of M, the distance a little longer than m. Abdomen dark brown. Hab. Southern Nigeria. Holotype, 3, Ikotobo, November 1913 (Dr. J. W. Scott- Macfie). Presented by the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, 1914. 48. Type in the collection of ‘the British Museum (Natural History). Ann. & Mag. N. list. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 2 18 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies This interesting fly is readily told from the other known species of the genus, nine in number, by the long vein R,,3 and the very heavy wing-pattern. Ceratocheilus edwardsi 1s dedicated to Mr. F. W. Edwards in appreciation of his critical work in determining the true status of the subfamily Ceratocheiline of Wesché and the synonymy of the genera therein included (Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. viii. pp. 279-283, 1911). Genus EL.epuantomyta, Osten-Sacken. Elephantomyia nitidithorax, sp. n. Rostrum longer than the body, dark brown ; head grey ; mesonotal prescutum shiny brownish yellow with three confluent shiny black stripes; pleura reddish yellow with a sooty-black dorsal area; legs dark brown; wings faintly brownish, stigma dark ‘brown ; abdomen dull ‘brownish yellow, the tergites indistinctly rimged with darker brown. Male.—Length (excluding rostrum) about 7 mm. ; wing 8 mm.; rostrum about 6°8 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown, about as long as the body. Antenne dark brownish black, with fifteen segments, as in the genus, the flagellar segments with very long verticils. Head grey, the vertex between the eyes very narrow. Cervical sclerites dull yellow. Pronotum dark brown. Mesonotal prascutum shiny brownish yellow with three confluent shiny black stripes, the humeral angles of the ground-colour ; scutum shiny yellowish ee, scutellum and postnotum deep brownish black. Pleura shiny reddish yellow; asooty-bfack triangular area on the mesepisternum just beneath the margin ‘of. the mesonotal preescutum ; immediately behind this blackened area and beneath the wing-root a strong erect seta. Hlalteres brown, the knobs dark brown. Legs with the cox and trochanters brownish yellow; remainder of the legs dark brown, the bases of the fore femora narrowly dull yellow. Wings with a faint brownish tinge, a little darker at the apex; stigma oval, dark brown; veinsdark brown. Venation as in #. westwoodi, Osten-Sacken (genotype), except that As is a little longer, aud angulated or slightly spurred at origin: Se ending just before the fork of Rs; basal deflection of Cu, but a short distance beyond the fork of M, at less than one-fourth the length of cell lst Mg. Abdominal tergites dull brojnish yellow, the basal and posterior margins of the segments narrowly and indistinetly in the British Museum. 19 dark brown to produce an annulated appearance ; sternites more yellowish; eighth segment uniformly darkened. Hab. Southern Nigeria. Holotype, 8, Yaba, Lagos (Dr. L. H. Booth). Presented by the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, 1914. 55. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Elephantomyia nitidithorax is closest to E. wahlbergi, Bergroth (Caffraria), from which it is distinguished by the different coloration of the prescutum and pleura, the dark brown legs, the differently coloured abdominal tergites, and the venation, the latter assuming that Bergroth’s comparison of his species with the genotype, HE. westwoodi, is correct. Elephantomyia neaver, sp. n. Rostrum less than half as long as the body, dark brown ; head light brown, pale buffy grey adjoining the eyes ; meso- notum buffy brown, the prescutum with a broad brown median stripe ; scutal lobes with dark brown centres ; wings subhyaline, the stigma pale; cell R; at the wing-margin broad ; cell Ist M, very small; basal deflection of Cu, before the fork of M. Male.—Length (excluding rostrum) about 7°5 mm. ; wing 7°5 mm.; rostrum 3°3 mm. Rostrum only moderately elongated, slender, dark brown ; palpi rather long, dark brown. Antenne dark brownish black, normal for this genus. Head light brown, pale buffy grey adjoining the inner margins of the eyes; vertex narrow. ; Pronotum dark brown. Mesonotal preescutum light buffy brown with a broad, dark brown, median stripe, which is somewhat more reddish anteriorly; scutum light butty brown, the centres of the lobes dark brown ; remainder of the mesonotum pale buffy brown. Pleura pale plumbeous brown. Halteres pale. Legs with the coxe and trochanters pale brownish yellow ; remainder of the legs pale yellowish brown, the terminal tarsal segments darker brown. Wings subhyaline, the bases pale yellow ; stigma pale brown; veins pale brown, Sc more yellowish. Venation: Sc rather short, ending about opposite two-thirds the length of the long straight Rs, Sc at the tip of Sc,; Rs, 3 rather short, parallel with? R,,5 to near its tip, when it Bends slightly cephalad so that cells R, and f; are approximately equal at the YW a 20 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-jlies wing-margin ; cell Ist J/, very small for a member of this genus, pentagonal, the section of M,,, between r—m and m shorter than the basal section and about equal to m; the fusion of Af, and Cu, longer than any of the other veins that surround cell Ist J/,; basal deflection of Cu, before the fork of M, this distance about equal to one-half the length of the basal deflection of Cu,. Abdominal tergites dark brown, the hypopygium brown, the sternites reddish brown. Hub. Nyasaland. Holotype, 3, Mt. Mlanie, December 5, 1912 (S. A. Neave). Presented by the Entomological Research Committee, 1913. 236. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). This curious fly requires comparison with no other of the known species of the genus. It is dedicated to the collector in appreciation of his efforts in collecting members of this neglected family of files in Eastern Africa. Genus Dicranoprycua, Osten-Sacken. Dicranoptycha atricolor, sp. 1B. General coloration deep shiny black, the antennal scape and bases of the fore femora brighter. Male.—Length about 10 mm. ; wing 12 mm. ; hind lg, femur 9 mm., tibia 10°3 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne with the scape dark brown, tie flagellar segments black. Head dark brown. Pronotum and mesonotum deep shiny black. Pleura shiny black. Prosternum broad, Haltercs dark brownish black. Legs with the coxz and trochauters black ; femora black, the bases of the fore femora dull yellow ; tibize dark brown, tipped with: black ; metatarsi dark brown, tipped with black; remainder of the tarsal segments broken. Wings with a deep, dark brown tinge, more suffused in the cos.al region ; velus dark brown. Venation: Se longer than in D. natalia, Sc, ending about opposite 7-m, Sc, beyond mid- length of the deflection of ,,; ; R, beyond 7 shorter than the deflection of Ry,;; Rs short, about equal to or shorter than cell lst Mp). Abdomen black throughout. | Hab, Uganda. in the British Museum. 21 Holotype, 3, Mabira Forest, Chagwe, altitude 3500- 3800 ft., July 16-25, 1911 (S. A. Neave). B.M. no. 1913. 140. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Dicranoptycha atricolor may be confused only with the much smaller D. natalia, Alexander (Natal), which is readily told by the paler body-coloration, the yellow trochanters, and the different venational details as outlined above. Genus RuAmpuipis, Meigen. Rhamphidia iris, sp. Rostrum very long and slender, nearly as long as the head and thorax taken together; head grey ; mesonotal prescutum and scutum shiny black, remainder of the thorax orange-yellow ; coxe and trochanters black ; wings iridescent, the apex and stigma brown; abdomen black, the last segment (in the femaie) orange. Female.—Lenugth (excluding rostrum) about 8 mm.; wing 7 mm.3; rostrum 2 mm. Rostrum very long and moderately slender, nearly as long as the combined head and thorax, dark brown, the short brown palpi at the tip. Antenne dark brown throughout, the flagellar segments oval. Head dark, heavily light grey- pruinose ; eyes “large, the vertex between them very narrow. Cervical sclerites dark brown. Pronotum orange-yellow, the anterior margin a little darkened. Mcsonotal preescutum and most of the scutum shiny black, the posterior margins of the scutal lobes, scutellum, and postnotum orange-yellow. Pleura and sternum orange-yellow. Prosternum rather broad and extensive, narrowed anteriorly. Halteres black, only the extreme base of the stem yellowish. Legs with the cox and trochanters black, contrasting conspicuously with the light-coloured pleura; remainder “of. the legs broken. Wings subhyaline, highly iridescent, the costal and subcostal cells a little darker ; wing-tip in cells &, to J/; darkened ; stigma oval, dark brown; veins dark brownish black. Venation (a single wing preserved in the unique type) : Sc ending opposite the end of As, Sc, at the end of Ne, ; Rs long, almost straight; basal deflection of Ry,; about equal to m3; cell lst M, closed; basal deflection of Cu, a little beyond mid-length of the cell lst M/y. Abdomen black, the genital segment orange. Ovipositor 2p Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies brown, the tips paler, the tergal valves very long, almost straight, slightly upeurved at the tips. Hab. Uganda. Holotype, 2 , “Col. Cole’s house, NTB, early morning,” November 1904 (Capt. FE. D. W. Greig). B.M. 1905. 310. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Rhamphidia cacoxena, sp. n. Rostrum very long aud slender, nearly as long as the head and thorax taken together ; head grey ; mesonotum black ; pleura dark brown, the metapleura more brownish yellow ; coxe and trochanters black ; wings iridescent, the apex and stigma brown; abdomen black, the last segment orange. Female.—Length (excluding rostrum) about 5°5 mm.; wing 5 mm. ; ae 14 mm. Rostrum very long and moderately slender, nearly as long as the combined head and thorax ; 3 palpi dark brown. Autenne dark brown. Head grey. Pronotum brown. Mesonotum black. Pleura dark brown, the dorsal pleurites and metapleura obscure brownish yellow. Halteres dark brown, the base of the stem dull yellow. Legs with the coxe and trochanters dark brown ; femora dark brown ; remainder of the legs broken. Wings subhyaline, the costal and subcostal cells and the wing-tips darkened ; stigma dark brown, large, extending across cell R, to vein Ay,3;; membrane iridescent. Venation as in R. iris, but the basal deflection of Cr before the middle of cell 1st A/, ; cell R3; at the wing-margin but little wider than ceil R;. Abdomen black, the genital segment and valves of the ovipositor orange; valves of the ovipositor straight, the tips a little upeurved. flab. Southern Nigeria. Holotype, ¢ , Ilesha, August 17, 1910 (Capt. L. E. 4. Humfrey). ‘ Caught in house.” Presented by the Entomological Research Committee, 1911. 422. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Rhamphidia cacozxena very closely resembles R. iris, of which it appears almost as a miniature; the different coloration of the posterior sclerites of the mesonotum will separate the two species. in the British Museum. 23 Rhamphidia obsoleta, sp. 0. Rostrum very long and slender, nearly as long as the head and thorax taken together; general coloration brown ; wings nearly hyaline; stigma pale brown, the wing-tip not darkened. Female.—ULength (excluding rostrum) about 6°3 mm. ; wing 5°7 mm.; rostrum 1:8 mm. Rostrum long and comparatively slender, nearly as long as the combined head and thorax, dark brown; palpi dark brown. Antenne dark brown. Head dark brown. Mesonotum brown, the pleura scarcely paler. Halteres brown. Legs slender; coxe and trochanters dark brown ; remainder of the legs dark brown, the terminal tarsal segments a little paler. Wings nearly hyaline ; stigma pale brown, not reaching vein R,,3; veins dark brown. Venation: Sc ending just beyond the end of Rs, Sc, at the tip of Se, ; vein Ry, running parallel with ,,;, diverging only at the end of the cell, cell R; trumpet-shaped only at its outer end ; cell R; but little wider at the wing-margin than cell R; ; cell lst M, small, hexagonal, the section of M,,, between r—m and m subequal to the basal section of J/,,. and nearly twice as long asm; m subequal to the outer deflection of M,; basal deflection of Cu, slightly beyond mid-length of cell lst 14,. Abdomen dark brown; valves of the ovipositor long and straight. Hab. Sierra Leone. Holotype, 2, October 1904 (Major F. Smith). B.M. no. 1904. 347. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). In general appearance, Rhamphidia obsoleta agrees most closely with R. cacoxena (Southern Nigeria), from which it may be told by the darker thoracic pleura, the lack of darkened wing-tips, the smaller and paler stigma, and the different venation, the longer /?s, the longer Se which ends beyond the fork of Rs, the narrower and straighter cell R; which is suddenly dilated at its outer end, the lower cell lst M, and the consequent elongation of r—m, and other characters. Rhamphidia morosa, sp. n. General coloration dark brown; rostrum about twice the length of the head ; wings uniformly pale brown, the stigma 24 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies darker brown ; cell R; about three times as wide as cell Ry at the wing-margin; cell 1st J/, closed, irregularly pentagonal. Female——Length (excluding rostrum) 6°6 mm. ; wing 7 mm.; rostrum 1°3 mm.; abdomen alone 4°4 mm. Rostrum about twice the length of the head, dark brown ; palpi dark brown. Antenne and head dark brown. The thorax is badly injured in pinning and the coloration can be discussed in general terms only. Mesonotum dark brown, pleura a little paler. Halteres dark brown, the base of the stem a little paler. Legs long and slender ; coxe and trochanters dark brown ; remainder of the legs dark brown, the femora a little paler basally, the tarsi somewhat paler at the tips. Wings with a uniform pale brown suffusion, the subcostal cell a little darker ; stigma elongate-oval, darker brown ; veins dark brown. Venation: Se ending just before the fork of Rs, Sc, at the tip of Sc, ; R,,3; running rather close to R, before the end of the latter; cell R3 very wide at the wing-margin, about three times as wide as cell R, ; cell lst M, closed, irregularly pentagonal ; M,,,. between r—-m and m being a little shorter than the basal deflection of M,,. and but little longer than the gently arcuated m; outer deflection of M/3; perpendicular, about two-thirds as long as m ; basal deflection of Cu, immediately before the fork of M. Abdominal tergites dark brown, the sternites brownish yellow. Ovipositor with the valves long and straight, the extreme tips broken in the unique type. Hab. Sierra Leone. Holotype, °, October 1904 (Alajor F. Smith). B.M. 1904. 347. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Rhamphidia imperfecta, sp. n. Rostrum long and slender, about twice the length of the head ; general coloration dark brown ; legs dark brown, the tarsi paler; wings hyaline, the stigma narrow, pale brown ; cell lst J/, open, basal deflection of Cu, beyond the fork of M. Sex ?—Wing 5 mm. ; rostrum 1 mm. The type-specimen has the tip of the abdomen injured, so the sex cannot be determiied. Rostrum moderately elongate, about twice the length of the head, dark brown ; palpi dark brown, Antenne with in the British Museum. 25 the scapal segments dark brown, the flagellum broken. Head dark brown, the cheeks with long curved sete. Mesonotum dark brewn without apparent darker markings, the pleura a little paler. Halteres broken. Legs with the coxe and trochanters testaceous brown ; remainder of the legs dark brown, the tarsi somewhat paler brown. Wings hyaline; stigma narrow, indistinct, pale brown; veins dark brown. Venation: Se ending just before the fork of Rs, Sc, at the tip of Sc;; Rs long and almost straight ; cell lst M, open by the atrophy of m; basal deflection of Cu, inserted a short distance beyond the fork of M, the distance between it and the fork of J/ about one-third tle fusion of Cu, and M3. Abdomen dark brownish black, the tip injured. Hab. Sierva Leoue. Holotype, sex ?, Daru (Dr. Murphy). Presented by the Enutomclogical Research Committee, 1913. 594. T'ype in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Rhamphidia imperfecta may be told by the open cell 1st Mg, a character possessed only by R. eamarounensis, Alexander, among the known Ethiopian species of the genus. ‘This latter fly is the type of the subgenus Rhamphidina, distin- guished by the shorter Sc, the very divergent veins Ry,3 and R,,5 with the consequent widening of cell Ry, and the loca- tion of the basal deflection of Cu, before the fork of M. Genus Trevcuouasts, Osten-Sacken. Teucholabis rubrithorax, sp. n. Heed black; thorax shiny reddish yellow throughout ; wings subhyaline with three narrow brown cross-bands, the last occupying the wing-tip far beyoud the outer end of ceil lst M,; abdomen black, the ovipositor reddish horn-colour. Female.—Length about 7°5 mm.; wing 6°2 mm. Rostrum slender, nearly as long as the tead, dark brown ; -palpi dark brown, Antennze dark brownish black, the scapal segments a little paler brown. Head black, the anterior part of the vertex sparsely grey-pubescent. Neck brown, Pronotum reddish. Mesonotum shiny redddish yellow without distinct darker stripes. Pieura reddish yellow. Halteres dark brown, the knobs Jight yellow. Legs with the coxz and trochanters reddish yellow ; 26 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-jlies fore femora with the basal three-fifths yellow, the slightly incrassated apex black ; hind femora with the basal half dull yellow, passing into dark brown; tibiz dark brown, tipped with black; tarsi black. Wings subhyaline with three narrow brown cross-bands, the first at the level of the origin of the sector, most evident at the origin of the sector and the end of vein 2nd A, very pale and indistinct in the intervening cells ; the second band is located along the cord, broadest at costa, extending to the fork of Cu and thence as a much paler cloud to the wing-margin ; the third band occupies the wing-apex, the inner margin almost straight, including the extreme tips of cells 2nd A, and M;, about the outer third of cells R3, R;, and 2nd M,; veins dark brown, veins C, Sc, and the wing-base more yellowish. Venation: Se ending beyond mid-length of the long sector, Sc. far back from its tip, nearer to the origin of Rs than to the tip of Sc, ; cell lst M, long and narrow, widened distally, a little longer than vein Cu, beyond it; basal deflection of Cu, near the inner end of cell Ist M3. Abdomen shiny black. Ovipositor reddish horn-colour, the bases of the sternal valves black ; tergal valves of the ovipositor long and slender, strongly upcurved, the tips acute, Hab. Gold Coast. Holotype, 2? , Aburi, 1912-1913 (W. H. Patterson). B.M. no. 398. : Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Teucholabis nodipes, Speiser (Cameroun), has the meso- thorax largely shiny black and the brown wing-pattern more extensive. Teucholabis latifascia, sp. n. Male.—ULength about 7 mm.; wing 6°7 mm. Female.—Length about 7 mm.; wing 6°2 mm. Very similar to 7. rubrithoraz, differing as follows: The wing-apex and the brown band at the cord are much broader, the apex including about the outer third of cell 2nd R,, nearly the outer half of cell R;, and the outer three- fourths of cell 22d M,; the band at the cord is approximately one-half as wide as the hyaline band between it and the dark apex; the latter is approximately as wide as, or wider than, this hyaline band; the basal band is but little narrower than the band at the cord. Cell 1st MW, is longer, slightly exceeding in length that portion of vein Cu, beyond it and subequal to vein 4/7, beyond it. tn the British Museum. At Hab. Ashanti. Holotype, 3, Obuasi, June 8, 1907 (Dr. W. M. Graham). B.M. 1908. 245. Allotopotype, 2, July 5, 1907. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). A note by the collector indicates that these specimens were “caught on window.” Tribe ERIOPTERINI. Genus Erioprera, Meigen. Erioptera (Erioptera) earissima, sp. n. Autenne pale brownish yellow ; head shiny black ; meso- notal prescutum obscure yellow with three stripes, the median stripe reddish brown, the lateral stripes blackish; halteres pale yellow at the base, the remainder brownish black ; legs light yellow; wings light yellow, with three pale greyish cross-bands, the tip broadly pale ; male hypopygium with two pleural appendages, the inner one branched; gonapophyses powerful, directed laterad. Male.—Length about 5°5 mm.; wing 5°3 mm. Female.—Leugth about 5°8 mm.; wing 5-4 mm. Rostrum and palpi pale brownish yellow. Antenne in the male sex pale brownish yellow, in the female with the flagellum a shade darker brown than the scape. Head shiny brownish black, eyes of the male very large, broadly contiguous beneath. Mesonotum highly polished, obscure yellowish, with three broad stripes, the median stripe reddish brown, the lateral stripes almost black ; scutum with the lobes shiny brownish. black, indistinctly margined with pale; secutellum dull brownish yellow; postnotum with the basal half brown, the posterior half almost black. Pleura with the dorsal sclerites. deep chestnut-brown, the ventral sclerites yellowish ; a con— spicuous china-white area on the mesepisternum, cephalad aud ventrad of the wing-root ; in the paratype, this area is. scarcely evident. Halteres with the basal half of the stem pale yellow, the remainder of the stem and the knobs dark. brownish black. Legs with the coxa and trochanters. light yellow; femora clear golden yellow; tibie brownish yellow; tarsi pale, the apical segments dark brown. Wings. light yellow, including a broad incomplete sub-basal band, a broad baud immediately before the cord, and the broad. 28 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Cran--flies wing-apex, this latter narrowest in the type male; remainder of the wing-surface provided vith three broad, pale grey cross-bands, as follows: the first Just beyond the arculus, occupying most of the basal half of cell 2nd A, in cells and M narrowly connected with the broad second band which occupies the level of the sector and the end of vein 2nd A, beginning in cell Se, continued to the posterior margin, the third band lies just beyond the cord, narrowest near the dark brown stigma, continued caudad across the wing, occupying about the basal halves of cells A, Ry, R;, M,, and M3, all but the base of cell Cu, and the tip of cell Cu; veins brown, a little darker in the grey areas. Venation: alinost as in the related 1. péringueyi, but vein Cuz is less strongly bent near the tip and vein 2nd A runs closer to the wing-margin atits bend so that cell 2nd 4 is very narrow at this point. Abdominal tergites obscure yellow, shiny, indistinctly darker medially; steruites rather more uniformly yellowish. Male hypopygium with the pleurites stout, the inner apical angle a little produced and covered with numerous setigerous tubercles ; two pleural appendages, the outer one straight, the stem slender, the apex enlarged into a globular head that is covered with parallel rows of overlapping, scale-like structures; the inner appendage is profoundly two-branched, the arms divergent at a straight angle; the short arm is straight, the long arm recurved just beyond the base so the loug apex lies subparallel with the short arm; this arm is a little dilated before the acute tip and here provided with numerous short appressed hairs. Gonapophyses flattened, the inner angles produced into powerful blackened horns that are directed strongly laterad and thus divergent. Ninth pleurites dark brown basally, the tips brightened. Hat. Nyasaland. Holotype, 3, Mt. Mlanje, January 18, 1914 (S.A. Neave). Allotopotype, ¢, August 29, 1913. Paratopoty pe, scx ?, abdomen broken, September 3, 1913. Presented by the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, 1914. 431, 1915. 58. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). This beautiful crane-fly is readily told from EK. péringucyi, Bergroth, the ouly described species that 1s close to it, by the well-marked diagnostic characters given above. in the British Museum. 29 Erioptera (Erioptera) carissima nitidiuscula, subsp. n. Female.—Length 6:1 mm.; wing 5°5 mm. Very similar to typical carissima, differing as follows: The eutire thoracic dorsum and pleura is a deep brownish black, with a light yellow area on the mesepisternum as described under the typical form. The dark wing-pattern is more extensive, all three bands being connected with one another in the cubital ceils of the wing, the band beyond the cord suffusing the entire wing-apex, excepting a narrow delicate margin at the extreme tip. Abdomen dark brown, only the bases of the segments indistinctly paler ; genital segments and valves of the ovipositor reddish horn-colour, as in the typical form. Hab. British East Africa. Holotype, 2, Mumias District, north and south banks of the Nzoia River, North Kavioronda, September 2, 1911 Cay Woodhouse) ; on self, Presented by the Entomological Research Committee, 1912. 196. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Erioptera subirrorata, sp. n.* General coloration pale greyish brown, the dorsal pleural sclerites of the thorax rather darker; halteres with the knobs pale ; legs with the femora yellowish, the tibiz more brownish ; wings faintly brownish yellow, the outer costal margin more Hiihcaab the veins beyond the cord faintly irrorate with pale brown dots; cell 1st Mz closed, 2nd Anal vein sinuate, Sex? —Wing 6°3 mm. Rostrum and the rather large palpi brown. Antenne with the scapal segments brown, the flagellum broken, Head dull yellow, the vertex whitish- pruinose. Mesonotum pale greyish brown, the lateral margins of the prescutum paler; tuberculate pits separated by a distance that is about equal to three t:mes the diameter of one, located immediately cephalad of the level of the nearly transverse pseudosutural fovezr. Pleura dull yellow, the dorsal sclerites broadiy but somewhat indistinctly infuscated to produce a dorsal stipe. Halteres brown, the knobs large, light brownish yellow. Legs with the coxe and trochanters light yellow ; femora yellow ; tibie and tarsi brown, the distal segments of the latter darker brown, Wings with a faint brownish-yellow suffusion, the costal margin between 30 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-jlies the origin of Rs and the wing-apex more suffused with brown, the basal half of the costal cell pale ; veins beyond the cord in the radial and medial fields with series of small pale brown dots, somewhat after the fashion of Conosia irrorata ; larger, dark brown spots along the costal margin at Sc, Sc, R,, R,, and R;. Venation: Sc, retreated some distance from the tip of Sc,, Sc, being at about one-third the distance between the origin of Rs and the tip of Sce,; r on JL, at about its own length beyond the fork of Ry,3; Ro,3 about equal to the basal deflection of Cu,; cell lst M, closed; m transverse; inner end of cell Ist 37, narrowed; basal deflection of Cu, before the fork of M, the distance about equal to r-m; 2nd Anal vein sinuous, as in the subgenus Erioptera. Abdomen broken. Hab. British East Africa. Holotype, sex ?, Kericho, altitude 5500 feet, November 1, 1912 (R. B. Woosnam). B.M. no. 1914. 2. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). The unique type above described is in poor condition, one wing and the abdomen being lost. The well-marked characters diagnosed above will render the species easily recognizable. The type is pmned on the same pin witha paratype of Limnophila diffusa. Erioptera ignava, sp. 0. Head dark grey ; mesonotal prwscutum yellow with three reddish-brown stripes; scutellum dark brown; postnotum with a median brown line ; pleura with a broad dark brown dorsal stripe and a slightly narrower yellow ventral stripe ; wings long and narrow, greyish yellow ; cell lst M, closed, vein 2nd A straight, Male.—Length 5°8 mm.; wing 5°7 mm. Female.—Length 6 mm. ; wing 6°2 mm. Rostrum varying from light to dark brown. Antennz dark brown, the scapal segments slightly paler brown. Head dark grey, the vertex surrounding the eyes pale brownish yellow, in some cases forming a U-shaped mark behind the antennz with the arms of the U directed back- ward ; posterior region of the vertex with numerous, stiff, subproclinate bristles; eyes small, broadly separated both above and below. Pronotum moderately prominent, light yellow, the scu- tellum with a shiny median area ; procoxe large, practically contiguous. Mesonotal prescutum yellow with three reddish- brown stripes, the lateral margins of the sclerite brighter ; in the British Museum. 3L scutal lobes reddish brown, scutellum dark brown; postnotum dull yellow, dark brown medially. Pleura with the dorso- pleural membranes dull yellow; a broad conspicuous, brown to dark brown dorsal stripe, continued from the prosternum to the base of the abdomen ; immediately beneath this stripe is a slightly narrower, light yellow stripe passing immediately above the coxal bases; sides of the mesosternum deep reddish, the median area light yellow, with a deep median impressed line. Halteres dark brown. Legs with the coxz reddish; trochanters dull yellow; femora dull yellow, the tips indistinctly brownish ; tibiz yellowish brown; tarsi brown. Wings long and narrow, with a strong greyish- yellow tinge, the stigma indistinct; veins brown. Venation: Sc long, ending opposite to the fork of Rs, Sc, some distance from the tip of Sc,, so that it lies just beyond mid-distance between the origin of Rs and the tip of Sc, ; Rs long, slightly angulated at origin ; Ry, about two-fifths the length of Rs, r at its fork ; cell A, very long and narrow ; the very short basal deflection of Ay,5 is almost in direct alignment with both Rs and Ay,;; r—-m about twice r; cell lst M, very long and narrow, widened distally, a little longer than vein Cu, beyond it; basal deflection of Cu, at. the fork of M; 2nd Anal vein almost straight, cell 1s¢ Ad consequently widest at the wing-margin. Abdomen.brownish yellow. Male hypopygium with the pleurites moderately elougated, the inner face concave; two short, shiny black appendages, the dorsal one about twice as Jarge as the ventral. ‘lhe female has the valves fleshy or at least not strongly chitimized as in most species of the genus ; the tip of the abdomen is abruptly narrowed, viewed from beneath with the tip feebly bilobed. Hab. Cape Colony. Holotype, 3, Cape Town, September 7. Allotopotype, 2? , October 9. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). This fly would seem to be one of the aberrant members of the genus Erioptera, though it is possible that more material would necessitate its removal from this group. Erioptera nigrolatera, sp. n. Head black, heavily light grey-pruinose ; mesonotal pre- scutum with a broad grey median stripe, the broad lateral stripes sooty black; legs brown clothed with conspicuous erect hairs; wings dusky grey; cell lst M, open by the atrophy of m, Anal veins divergent; abdomen brownish 32 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies black ; gonapophyses of the male hypopygium shaped like a furcula, the arms expanded into blades at their tips. Male.—Length 4-46 mm.; wing 5-5°3 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennz black, the distal flagellar segments more brownish; second scapal segment oval, tumid; two basal flagellar segments similar, but much smaller; remaining flagellar segments somewhat elongated, enlarged at mid-length and here with moderately long verticils. Head black, heavily light grey-pruinose. Pronotum dark brown. Mesonotal prescutum with the lateral margin narrowly but conspicuously light yellow; disk pale grey with a broad, darker grey, median stripe and broad, sooty-black, lateral stripes; remainder of the meso- notum dark, sparsely pruinose. Pleura brown, sparsely pruinose, the dorso-pleural membrane dull yeilow. Halteres brown. Legs with the cox dark brown, pruinose ;_ tro- chanters yellowish brown ; femora pale brown with rather sparse, but conspicuous, long erect hairs ; remainder of the legs darker brown, the erect hairs a little less conspicuous. Wings with a dusky grey tinge ; veins dark brownish black. Venation: Sec long, Sc; ending beyond the fork of R,,3, Sc, retreated some distance from the tip of Sc, lying immediately before the end of As; Rs long and straight ; R,,, straight, a litle shorter than the basal deflection of Cu, ; r very faint, located on R, at a distance fromthe fork of R,,3 that is about equal to this latter vein; A, slightly arcuated at its origin, so cell R, is wide at its base ; veins /?3 and #,,; almost parallel, M7,,, slightly upeurved at its tip ; cell 1st M, opened by the atrophy of m; basal deflection of Cu, at about mid-length of vein J/;; Anal veins divergent. Abdomen dark brownish black, the appendages of the hy- popygium horn-coloured. Male hypopygium with the tergal plate rather large, the caudal margin nearly circularly coneave, the lateral angles produced into slender cylindrical horns that are directed caudad and slightly proximad ; pleurites long, somewhat compressed, relatively slender, with but a single apparent appendage; this is relatively small, gradually narrowed to the acute bristle-like tip, the face provided with numerous setigerous punctures; just beyond mid-length of the appendage a slender, cylindrical, thumb- like appendage. Gonapophyses very conspicuous, appearing as a furcula on the ventral face of the genital chamber ; each arm is a. prominent flattened blade, shaped somewhat like a leg and foot, the toe produced into a long curved point that is decussate with its mate of the opposite side ; at the base of the fork on the ventral face a slender, straight, in the British Museum. 33 chitinized rod that bears a short lateral spine on its dorsal face. Hab, Nyasaland. Holotype, 3, Mianje, January, February, 1914 (Dr. J. B. Davey). Paratopotype, 3. Presented by the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, 1914. 303, 1915. 58. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). This species needs no comparison with any of the known species of the genus. Together with the last-deseribed species, //. iynava, the present form must be considered an aberrant member of the genus Hrioptera, and yet there are no sufficient tangible characters on which to remove either from this large and somewhat heterogeneous group. Genus GNopnomyia, Osten-Sacken. Grophomyia peramena, sp. n. Head, thoracic pleura, and segments seven to nine of the abdomen black; mesonotum, halteres, and base of the abdomen orange ; legs black, the bases of the femora yellow; wings dark brown with a broad white band before the cord that does not attain the costal, subcostal, or anal cells; distal cells of the wing pubescent. Male.—Length about 7 mm.; wing 7:2 mm. Female.—Length about 95 mm.; wing 82 mm, Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Anteune dark brownish black, the basal flagellar segments rather elongate, a little produced distally on the inner face, outer flagellar segments more oval. Head shiny black. Pronotal scutum deep black. Mesonotum and dorso- pleural membranes orange. ‘Tuberculate pits a little anterior to the level of the pseudosutural fovese. Pleura deep black. Halteres orange. Legs with the coxe and trochanters black; femora black with the bases yellow, narrowest on the fore femora where it occupies a little more than one-third of the segment, broadest on the hind legs where it includes about three-fifths of the segment ; tibize and tarsi black. Wings dark brown, variegated with white ; a broad white band before the cord, extending from vein R into cell Cw, very distinct in cells 2nd R,, R, and M ; an oval white spot in cell R before the origin of Rs; a less distinct pale area in the base of cell Ist A, lacking in the type- Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 3 34 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies female; base of the wing before the arculus orange-yellow ; veins dark brown. Cells of the wing beyond the cord with strong macrotrichia; in the centre of cell Cu these macro- trichia continue basad almost to the level of the origin of Rs. Venation: Sc, ending about opposite 7, Sc, far from the tip of Sc,, located near the inner margin of the white band; 7 on R, just beyond its origin ; cell 1s¢ M, moderately broad, the basal deflection of Cu; inserted at from one-third to one-fourth its length. Abdomen with the six basal segments orange, the remainder of the abdomen deep black. Hab. Nyasaland. Holotype, &, Mt. Mlanje, January 4, 1913 (S. A. Neave). Presented by the Entomological Research Committee, 1913. 236. All topotype, @, January 23, 1913. Presented by the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, 1915. 58. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). This exquisite fly is readily told from G. elegans (Wiede- mann) by the apically pubescent wings and the very different coloration of the body and wings. Gnophomyia perelegans, sp. n. Head black, light grey-pruinose; thorax and abdomen metallic greenish blue; halteres brownish black, the knobs conspicuously pale yellow ; legs black ; wings dark brownish black with two broad whitish transverse bands; distal cells of the wing pubescent. Female.—Length about 9°55 mm.; wing 8°6 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brownish black. Antenne black, somewhat longer than in the corresponding sex of G. per- amena. Head broad, black, ight grey-pruinose. Entire thorax metallic greenish blue, the postnotum and pleura sparsely grey-pruinose. Halteres dark brownish black, the knobs conspicuously pale yellow. Legs with the coxz blue-black, sparsely pruinose ; remainder of the legs black. Wings dark brownish black, with two large whitish cross- bands, the first lying just. before the level of the origin of Rs, extending from vein R through cells RK, M, Cu, across the base of lst A into cell 2nd A, but not reaching the wing- margin; the second band is larger, lying just before the cord, extending across cells 1st R,, R, M, and Cu, narrowly inter- rupted along vein Cu in the latter cell; veims brownish black. Macrotrichia almost as in G. peramena, but traversing the outer white band in cell Cu. | Venation: Se slightly shorter than in G. peramena, Sc, ending just before the tork of Ry,3 ; in the Dritish Museum. 35 ron F, a little less than its own length beyond the fork of f,,3; basal deflection of Cu, inserted a short distance before mid-length of the small, nearly pentagonal, cell lst My. Abdomen metallic greenish blue. Valves of the ovipositor black, a little paler at the extreme tips. Hab, Nyasaland. Holotype, 2 , Mt. Mlanje, December 28, 1912 (S. A. Neave). Presented by the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, 1915.58. ‘Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Gnophomyta perelegans is very closely allied to G. peramena, despite the striking differences in the coloration of the b dy and legs. In both species the hind legs are conspicuously longer than the others and the femora are slightly incrassated. Genus Gonomytia, Meigen. Gonomyia (Gonomyia) nyase, sp. 0. Antenne black, the scapal segments paler; mesonotum pale brown, the scutellum broadly margined with white; pleura striped longitudinally brown and white; halteres yellow, the base of the knobs brown; legs pale brown; wings faintly greyish, stigma indistinct ; cell A, very small, basal deflection of Cu, before the fork of M; abdominal tergites uniformly dark brown; male hypopygium with both pleural appendages simple. Male.—Length 3:4 mm.; wing 3°6 mm. Rostrum dark brown; palpi black. Antennz with the enlarged scapal segments pale yellowish brown; flagellum black with exceedingly elongate verticils. Head badly wrinkled in the unique type, pale brownish yellow, the vertex indistinctly darker medially. Mesonotal pescutum pale brown, the extreme lateral margins yellowish white; scutum similar; scutellum pale brown, the caudal margins broadly white ; postnotum dark brown, the sides more yellowish. Pleura dark brown, longi- tudinally striped with whitish, the dorsal stripe formed by the lateral margins of the mesonotal prescutum as described above, the ventral stripe lying across the base of the meso- sternum. Halteres pale yellow, the knobs brown with ouly the tips yellow. Legs with the coxz and trochanters pale brown; remainder of the legs pale brown, the distal tarsal segments dark brown; a few stiff seta at the tips of the femora. Wings with a faint grey tinge ; stigma indistinct ; veins pale brown. Venation: Se short, Sc, ending a short distance before the origin of Rs; vein Ry, iralignment with As and wuch longer than it; cell A, very tiny, vein /, being 3% 36 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-jlies less than one-half of r—-m; inner ends of cells R;, R;, and lst M, in alignment ; basal deflection of Cu, just before the fork of J/, the fusion about equal to F,. Abdominal tergites dark brown, the sternite more yellowish brown. Male hypopygium with two pleural appendages, the outer appendage slender, much longer than the inner appen- dage, the tip broken in the unique type. Inner pleural appendage rather small, broad at the base, rapidly narrowed to the subacute, heavily blackened tip, the face with numerous setigerous punctures that bear stout sete. Gonapophyses and penis-guard forming a large, pale, central organ of which the only heavily chitinized elements appear as two divergent, laterally directed horns. Hab, Nyasaland. Holotype, 3, Mt. Mianje, November 8, 1913 (S. A. Neave). B.M. no. 1914. 498. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Gonomyia nyase is very similar to G. sulphurelloides, Alexander (Natal to Nyasaland), from which it is readily told by the very different male hypopygium, in G. sulphu- relluides the inner pleural appendage terminating in three points instead of being simple as in the present species. Gonomyia (Gonomyia) noctabunda, sp. n. Antenne dark brown, the scape paler ; pleura dark brown with a narrow, white, longitudinal stripe ; femora yellowish brown with a narrow brown ring before the tips ; wings nearly hyaline; veins dark brown, C, Sc, and & more yellowish; abdomen blackish, the segments narrowly margined caudally and laterally with pale yellowish white. Male.—Length 2-8-3 mm.; wing 3°3 mm. Female.—Length 3:8-4 mm. ; wing 3°5-4 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne dark brown, the scapal segments a little paler, slightly enlarged. Head light orange-brown. Mesonotal prescutum light hrown, the lateral margins narrowly pale yellowish; remainder of mesonotum pale brown, light grey-pruinose, the scutellum margined caudally with pale whitish. Pleura dark brown with a conspicuous, narrow, white, longitudinal stripe; mesosternum dark brown. Halteres yellow, the kuobs dark brown. Legs with the coxze yellow, the basal half of the outer face brown ; trochanters dull yellow; femora pale yellowish brown with a narrow dark brown ring just before the tip; tibize pale brown, the tips dark brown ; tarsi dark brown. Wings nearly hyaline, the veins dark brown, conspicuous; C, Sc, and R more in the British Museum. 37 yellowish; stigma indistinct. WVenation: Se ending before the origin of Fs, Sc, narrowly seamed with brown, removed a short distance from the tip of Sc,, the distance between the tip of Sc, and the origin of As about equal to one-half the latter; Ls stongly angulated at origin, shorter than f,,3; cell R, moderately large for a member of this group, vein f, slightly oblique; cell Is¢ M, usually closed, rarely open by the atrophy of the outer deflection of M;; basal deflection of Cu, before the fork of M, the fusion of these two veins about 5 r—m or a little shorter. In the paratype, fs is square at its origin and strongly spurred and Sc, ends almost opposite this origin ; in all other characters the two specimens agree sufliciently well and until male specimens are found the insects cannot be further separated, Abdomen blackish, the segments narrowly margined caudally and laterally with pale yellowish white, more distinctly on the tergites; genital segment of the female orange-yellow; ovipositor with the valves horn-coloured, acute. Male hypopygium with the pleurites moderately slender, bearing two pleural appendages of very unequal length; outer appendage unarmed, long and slender, of nearly uniform width beyond the base, the apex obtuse, the basal third pale, the apex blackened ; inner pleural appen- dage small, suboval, the apex with numerous setigerous tubercles. Gonapophyses long and slender, tapering gradu- ally to the acute blackened tips ; just before the apex with a broad setigerous area. Penis-guard pale, broad basally, narrowed to the decurved tip. Hab. Transvaal to British Hast Africa. Holotype, 8, “Lot 380, De Kaap Block B,’ near Kaap- muiden, Eastern Transvaal, October 11, 1919 (1. K. Munro). Allotype, 9, Parklands at Nairobi, British East Africa, April 26, 1911 (J. G. Anderson). Presented by the Hutomo- logical Research Committee, 1913. 394. Paratopotype, a broken 3, October 10, 1919; paratype, 2, Camp, Upper Shire, Nyasaland, September 28, 1911 (Dr. J. B. Davey); in dining hut, at night. Paratype presented by the Imperial Bureau of Entomolog gy, 1915. 58. Type in the collection of the writer; allotype in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Gonomyia (Gonomyia) sobrina, sp. n. General coloration dark brown; thoracic pleura dark brown with a narrow, whitish, longitudinal stripe ; coxee and trochanters light yellow; wings pale greyish; sparsely spotted with brown, the costa variegated with brown and 38 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies yellow; abdominal tergites black, narrowly ringed caudally with white. Female.—Length 4°4 mm. ; wing 4°4 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown., Antenne dark brown, the scapal segments and first flagellar segment a little paler ; flagellar verticils not greatly elongated (in the female}. Head pale yellowish, the centre of the vertex brown. Mesonotum dark brown, the anterior margin of the pre- scutum a little paler; scutal lobes adjoining the wing-roots pale; posterior half of the scutellum pale. Pleura dark brown with a narrow, white, longitudinal stripe extending backward from the fore coxe. Mesosternum dark brown. Halteres yellow, the knobs brown. Legs with the coxze and trochanters light yellow, contrasting with the dark colour of the body ; remainder of the legs broken. Wings with a smoky tinge, sparsely marked with darker as follows : a spot at arculus; a spot at the origin of /?s; stigma rectangular, continued backward as a narrow seam along the cord ; outer end of cell lst M, seamed with pale brown ; a brown seam on 7?,; a spot at the tip of /;; the basal cells of the wing immediately beyond the arculus, cell /; before and beyond the stigma, cell 72, and the tips of cells R,, 2;, My, and Quid M, paler than the rest of the wing ; veins dark brown ; costa dull whitish, variegated with brown at Fs, stigma, and tips of veins FR, and &,. Venation: Sc moderately elongated, Se, ending about opposite the origin of Rs; ARs and Fy ,3 nearly equal ; /?, short, straight, almost perpendicular to the end of vein &,,3; cells 3 and &; with their inner ends in obligue alignment ; cell Ist I, closed ; basal deflection of Cu, a short distance before the fork of @—this distance less than one-half of Ay. Abdomen black, the tergites narrowly ringed caudally with whitish ; sternites similar, but the pale caudal margius less distinct. Valves of the ovipositor acute, the tergal valves much longer than the sternal valves, their tips gently upeurved. Hah. Northern Nigeria. Holotype, 2, Uorm, July 16, 1912 (Dr. J. W. Sevtt- Macfie). Presented by the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, 1915. 58. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Gonomyia (Gonomyia) venustipes, sp. 0. Antenne yellow; mesonotal prescutum whitish, rich einnamon-brown sublaterally, the white lateral triangles delimited by dark brown; scutellum white, the caudal an the British Museum. 39 margin narrowly dark brown; legs spotted with black and yellow; wings pale yellowish subhyaline, with small dark brown dots and spots; Se long, cell lst M, very long and narrow. Female.—Length 4°1 mm.; wing 4°5 mm. Rostrum and palpi brown. Antenne with the first segment pale brown, the remaider of the antennz very pale yellow. Head pale brown, sparsely grey-pruinose. Pronotum large and conspicuous, pale whitish. Mesonotal prescutum with the broad central area whitish, this median stripe narrowed before the suture to assume the form of an hour-glass, at its narrowest point connected across by a delicate brown line; sublateral regions cinnamon-brown ; the triangular lateral regions are conspicuously white, narrowly margined with dark brown, the anterior margin, at the pseudosutural fovez, very distinct ; scutum whitish, only the margins of the lobes more infuscated ; scutellum white with two basal spots and the caudal margin narrowly dark brown ; postnotum pale brownish yellow, brown late- rally and less distinctly in the middle. The pattern of the pleura is not clearly evident in the two specimens at hand, as the pins penetrate this region and are badly verdigrised ; the region is pale with a large pale brown area beneath the wing-root and possibly a dark ventral stripe; at least the mesopleura is heavily white-pruinose. Halteres pale, the knobs but little darker. Legs with the coxe and trochanters pale; remainder of the legs broken (see footnote). Wings pale yellowish subhyline with numerous small brown spots and dots, arranged as follows: the largest at the arculus, smaller ones at the origin of “Rs and Sc,; at the tip of Se, ; at the tip of A, ; seams along the cord, outer end of cell ls¢ M,, and vein &, ; distinct spots at the tips of all the longi- tudinal veins, largest at 2nd A; veins pale, brown in the darkened areas. Venation: Sc long, Sc, extending to about one-half the length of Rs, Sc, a little beyond the origin of Rs; &, ending opposite the fork of Rs, R,,3; about two- thirds as long as Rs; A, perpendicular to the end of R,,3 ; vein A; about equal to R,,3; inner end of cell lst M, far proximad of the inner ends of cells Rk; and &;; cell lst M, long and narrow, longer than any of the veins issuing from it; basal deflection of Cu, at from one-fourth to one-filth the length of this long cell lst M,. In one specimen Rs is slightly spurred at its origin. Abdomen varying from pale yellowish to dark brown, the genital segment orauge-brown., Ovipositor with the valves powerful, long, and slender, the tergal valves strongly upceurved, 40 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-jlies Hab. Sierra Leone. Holotype, ° , Kamba, November 16, 1913, 8 p.m. (Dr. J. Y. Wood). Paratopotype, @ . Presented by the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, 1915.58. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). The following note by Mr. Edwards accompanies the specimens: “When these specimens were first shown me they had legs beautifully spotted with black and yellow ; these were broken off and lost by the attendant who mounted them.” It is very possible that this curious fly is not a true member of the genus, but as it is here that it will run by the keys it is retained in this genus until further material is available. Certain features of the bead and thorax suggest the isolated genus Styringomyia. Genus Trentepontia, Bigot. Subgenus Moncgoma, Westwood. Trentepohlia (Mongoma) madagascariensis, sp. n. General coloration dark brown; mesonotal preescutum dull yellow with three dark brown stripes ; legs brown, the tips of the femora and tibiz narrowly creamy white ; wings pale brownish, heavily marked with dark brown; basal abdominal segments annulated brown and yellow. Male.—ULength about 12 mm.; wing 10°5 mm. Rostrum and palpi browuish yellow. Antenne rather elongate, dark brown throughout, the last segment about twice the length of the penultimate. Head dark brown. Mesonotal preescutum dull yellow, clearest laterally, with three dark brown stripes, the median stripe ending before the suture; scutum yellow, the lobes dark brown ; scutellum aud postnotum dark brown. Pleura dark brown. Halteres pale yellow, the knobs dark brown. Legs with the cexz shiny. dark brown ; trochanters dull yellow; femora light brown, palest basally, passing into dark brown before the narrow (1°3 mm.) creamy-white tips; tibiz dark brown with only the extreme bases and the moderately broad tips (2 mm.) pale; tarsi pale brown; fore femora’ with a row of small erect hairs on the inner face, two of these being more powerful than the others ; on the posterior femora there are six or seven such spinous bristles ; metatarsi with a few long hairs near the base. Wings with a pale brown suffusion, in the British Museum. 41 heavily marked with dark blotches; costal and subcostal cells more yellowish ; the- brown markings are arranged as follows: at the origin and fork of Rs; at the tip of A, and along r; at the origin and tip of R,; along the cord and outer end of cell lst M.; the cells in the radial field are paler, the wing-apex a little darker; veins dark brown, C, Sc, and R paler. Venation: r obliqne, inserted on Ry, about two-thirds of its length before the fork of the latter ; R, about one-half longer than r; cell 1st M, is apparently open by the atrophy of m; cell R; about as long as its petiole ; v3 strongly arcuated or angulated at the point of its departure from Cu,, cell M3 being much longer than its petiole ; Cu, fused with M slightly before the fork of the latter ; apical fusion of Cu, and lst A very slight. First abdominal tergite dull yellow; remaining segments dark brown, the posterior margins of the basal three or four segments conspicuously dull yellow. Hab. Madagascar. Holotype, 3 , Tamatave, 1906 (A. Sauzier). B.M. 1906. 291; Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Trentepohlia madagascariensis is readily told from all other regional species of the subgenus by the heavily spotted wings. Trentepohlia (Mongoma) metatarsatra, sp. n. General coloration pale yellow; mesonotal prescutum without stripes ; femora pale brown, the tips narrowly white ; tibice white with a moderately broad brown ring beyond the base; metatarsi black, the remainder of the tarsi pale brown ; wings pale greyish yellow; veins pale brown. Sex ?—Wing 7°8 mm. The unique type is unfortunately in very poor condition, yet the well-marked diagnostic characters are entirely suffi- cient to enable the species to be recognized. The head and most of the abdomen are lacking. Mesothorax shiny light reddish yellow without darker markings; scutellum and postnotum but slightly darker. Pleuralight yellow. Halteres palethroughout. Of the legs, only a single one of the anterior pair remains, the coxee and trochanters are light yellow, the distal margin of the latter blackened and produced into an acute tooth ; femora very pale brown, passing into white (about 1°5 mm.) at the tips ; tibiee with the extreme base (about 1 mm.) pale, followed by an indistinct brown ring (about 4°5 mm.), the tips broadly white (about 7°3 mm.) ; metatarsi black, paling into brown 42 Dr. C. P. Alexander on A/rican Crane-jlies at the tips ; remainder of the tarsi pale brown; fore femora with two or three scattered erect bristles; on the distal half of the femora pairs of small erect bristles, including two at the tip on the outer face. Wings with a pale greyish-yellow tinge; stigma pale yellow; veins pale brownish yellow. Venation: r inserted on R,,; about one-third its own length before the fork of the latter ; cell 1s¢ My, closed, m inserted between M,,. and M3. Abdomen pale brownish yellow (terminal segments broken). Hab. Southern Nigeria. Holotype, sex ?, Oshogbo (Dr. T. F. G. Mayer). Presented by the Entomological Research Committee, 1911. 422. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Trentepohlia (Mongoma) albilatissima, sp. n. Sex ?—Wing 10 mm. Closest to 7. albilata, Alexander (Cameroun), differing as follows: mouth-parts, excepting the distal palpal segments, light yellow. Antennze with the two basal segments light yellow, the first flagellar segment dark brown ; remainder of the antennz broken. Head light fawn-brown. Mesonotal prescutum shiny reddish, without stripes. Pleura shiny reddish yellow. Legs with the tibie largely white, the brown postbasal band (2°5 mm.) a little shorter than the pale base (3°1 mm.), the latter somewhat more extensive than the pale femoral tip (2 mm.); the tibial tips very broadly (10°8 mm.) white, this occupying nearly the distal two-thirds of the tibia; tarsi white ; the hind legs are quite similar, but the white apices are even broader (13 mm.), the entire tibia measuring 18°6 mm. Wings greyish sub- hyaline, the tips indistinctly darkened. Venation: r inserted on R,,3 nearly its own length before the fork of the latter ; m at the fork of Ry,; and J/,,.; basal deflection of Cu, just befork the fork of 1. Abdomen broken. Hab. Gold Coast. Holotype, sex ?, Aburi, 1912-1913 (W. H. Patterson). Type im the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). The very narrow brown tibial ring will readily distinguish this fly from its near relative, 7. (M.) albilata. - in the British Muscum. 43 Subgenus PaRAMoNGOMA, Brunetti. Trentepohlia (Paramongoma) nigeriensis, sp. n. General coloration uniform pale brown, the pleura more yellowish; legs pale brown, the distal tarsal segments whitish ; wings pale greyish subhyaline ; r+ far before the fork of R,_3. Female.—Length about 4°5 mm. ; wing 4°4 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne dark brown. Head brown. Mesonotum uniformly pale brown, the pleura more yellowish. Halteres brown. Legs with the coxe and tro- chanters brownish yellow ; remainder of the legs pale brown, on the distal tarsal segments passing into dull whitish. Wings pale greyish subhyaline; veins brown. Venation: Sc moderately long, the space on costa between Sc, and R,; a little more than half the length of 7; 7 on R,,3 about two- thirds its length before the fork of the latter; R, a little longer than 7; cell Ist M, closed ; basal deflection of Cr, before the fork of M, the fusion of Cu, and MW about equal to m; cell Cu widely open, the space along the wing-margin about equal to vein Cw, alone. Abdomen dark brown, the genital segment and valves of the ovipositor more yellowish, the tergal valves very strongly upeurved. Hab. Southern Nigeria. Holotype, ° , Akassa, May 5, 1910 (Dr. J. J. Simpson), Presented by the Entomological Research Committee, DONO 222. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History): This new species may be told from the related T. ramisiana, Riedel (British East Africa), by the position of the radial cross-vein and other venational details. Subgenus TRENTEPOHLIA, Bigot. Trentepohlia (Trentepohlia) inflata, sp.-n. Antennal scape dark brown, the flagellum paie brownish yellow ; mesonotal preescutum reddish brown with three darker brown stripes; wings comparatively narrow, with the costal margin near the origin of As conspicuously dilated ; cell R, small, nearly triangular; brown wing-pattern extensive. Female.—Length about 4°8 mm. ; wing 4°3 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennal scape dark 44 On African Crane-jlies in the British Museum. brown, the flagellum pale brownish yellow, the distal segments a little darker. Head dark brown. Pronotum dark brown. Mesonotal preescutum reddish brown, darker medially and with three darker brown stripes ; scutum with the lobes dark brown, the median area paler ; scutellum projecting, dark brown ; postnotum dark. Pleura indistinctly striped longitudinally with whitish on a dark brown background, the pale stripe lying just above the bases of the coxee. Halteres brown, the knobs dark brown. Legs with the coxe larger than is usual in this genus, dark brown, the tips paler; trochanters dark brown; remainder of the legs broken, Wings rather long and narrow, the costal region just beyond the origin of Rs curiously dilated, this enlargement ending opposite Sc,; wings pale, subhyaline, the wing-base infuscated, continued as a cloud along vein Cu to its fork ; a very large brown area occupies the region of the costal dilation, including almost all of cell lst R,, excepting only a small rounded hyahne spot beneath Sc, and the extreme tip of the cell; this band also traverses cell 2 to vein M and continues along the cord to the wing-margin, connected broadly across vein R,,; plus M,,. with the outer blotch which appears as a broad seam along vein Ry that is continued across cell R; and the fork of Ry,; plus M,,.; the outer end of cell R, and vein R, are narrowly seamed with brown ; veins yellow, dark brown in the darkened areas. Venation: 7 is almost in alignment with /, and the outer section of 2,,3, this latter being very long, about twice as long as R, or the basal section of A,,3; R, is almost straight and subperpendicular to the end of /,,3, giving to cell A, a triangular appearance. Abdomen dark brown, the basal segments, especially the sternites, indistinctly ringed with obscure yellow, this colour embracing both the basal and caudal margins of the segments. Ovipositor normal for this subgenus, the valves reddish horn-coloured. Hab. Southern Nigeria. Holotype, 2 , Yaba, Lagos, April 8, 1910 (Dr. J. J. Simpson). Presented by the Entomological Research Committee, 1910. 222. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History ). This very small Trentepohlia is remarkable in the costal dilation of the wings. It will be interesting to learn to what extent this character is developed in the male. [To be continued. ] On new Cyprinoid Fishes from Alysore. 45 II.—Some new Species of Cyprinoid Fish from Mysore. By C. R. Narayan Rao, M.A., University of Mysore, Bangalore. (Plates I. & TI.] THe material described in this paper was collected from the Cauvery in Seringapatam, the Thunga in Shimoga, and from the local tanks, chiefly during the summer recess of 1917-18. In the course of a visit paid to the northern and south-western parts of Coorg in the colder months of the latter year, a very large number of examples was procured from several interesting sources. Through the courtesy of Dr. N. Annandale, to whom my thanks are due, I was enabled to examine the collections, at present avail- able, of Garra, Botia, and Nemachilichthys belonging to the Zoological Survey of India in the Indian Museum. To that distinguished ichthyologist, Dr. B. L. Chaudhuri, I am deeply indebted for the numerous acts of help, which I have received from him. Before proceeding to describe my examples, which belong to the three genera (arra, Botia, and Nemachilichthys, I propose to add a brief discussion regarding the use of the term Garra in preference to Discognathus. In his pre- liminary publication on ‘The Genera of Fishes’ *, Jordan proposes the revival of the old (generic) name of Garrat, originally applied by Hamilton Buchanan to that group of Cyprinine Fishes still included by some authors under Hickle’s denomination of Discognathus. On resumption of its labours, the International Congress of Zoology is bound to discuss the whole question of ichthyological taxonomy, and it is more than probable that Jordan’s recommendations, which are based on recent use by nume- rous writers, will be upheld. In view of the vicissitudes to which the generic and specific terms are frequently subjected by systematic writers, it is very desirable that some sort of stability be secured for the zoological nomenclature, as otherwise there is bound to Le a great deal of confusion to the future investigators. There can be little doubt that Hamilton Buchanan employed the term Cyprinus { in a broad sense comprising a very large number of fish, though * 1917. Jordan, ‘The Genera of Fishes’ (Stanford University, Cali- fornia), p. 116. t 1822, Hamilton Buchanan, Fish. Ganges, pp. 348, 398. 7 1822. Id. op. cit. p. 256. 46 Mr. C. R. Narayan Rao on with very little generic affinity ; and obviously, im any modern systematic work on Fishes, his term Cyprinus would correspond in regard to inter-relationships to the subfamily Cyprinine * (family Cyprinide). It is also evi- dent that this must have been his meaning, for he employs “ Divisions ” within his ‘ genus” Cyprinus, and these “Divisions,” though not strictly defined, yet bring together forms of fish which are nearly allied to each other and whose common characteristics undoubtedly constitute the basis of the “ Divisions.” The common name given by Buchanan to each of these “ Divisions”’ is founded on some vernacular appellations; and the conclusion cannot be resisted that Buchanan’s “ Divisions ” therefore correspond to the “ genera” of modern systematic ichthyologists. Accordingly, “ Cyprinus garra”’ ft is only used by its author as a generic designation for Garra itself, which in- cludes a number of stone carps. This position is perfectly tenable, and the species Cyprinus lamta ( Discognathus lamta), which Buchanan describes as a Cyprinus of the Garra kind with four tendrils, should be obviously written Garra lamta, H. B.{. Giinther§ regards this term as “an odd compound” without any claim to anything like an artificial or natural genus, and he is opposed to Bleeker’s || adoption of what he calls a barbarous denomination (Garra) in preference to the more classical term Discognathus. Now, it was inevitable that, with the literature available to Buchanan §, and having to deal with a quantity of material under the circumstances in which he worked, he should have proposed a scheme of classification which rather appears, to later investigators more fortunately placed, to suffer from certain defects of terminology. Neither this fact nor the other one—viz., that Garra is not a latinised term—will deprive Buchanan of the authorship of a valid genus capable of being used for all scientific taxonomic purposes. Besides Bleeker, who, in following Buchanan, employed Garra as a generic term for the description of a stone carp from Ceylon** (Garra ceylonensis, Blkr.), Day * 1889, Day, Fauna Brit. Ind., Fishes, 1. p. 288. + 1822. H. Buchanan, op. cit. p. 348. { 1919. Records Ind. Mus, vol. xvi. pt. i. p. 180 (Dr. Annandale regards Day, and not Buchanan, as the author of lama). § 1868. Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus., Fishes, vii. p. 68. \| 1864. Bleeker. Mehn, Soc. Holland, Harlam, Cobit. & Cyprin. Ceylon, p- 8. € 1918. Chaudhuri, Journ. & Proc. As. Soc. Bengal, vol. xiv. no. 6, p- exly. ** 1864, Bleeker, op. cit. p. 8, and 1864. Zool, Rec. Pisces, p. 171. new Cyprinoid Fishes from Mysore. 47 also adopted it far more widely for a similar purpose in dealing with fish of the Garra kind mainly from the Malabar area of the Peninsular India. Garra malabarica”, Day, Garra alta t, Day, and Garra jerdoni t, Day, are some of his examples. Bleecker and Day are not, however, the only authors who recognised the genus Garra, for Stein- dachner § among the Germans had also employed it, regarding lamta as its type-species. Another species of Garra, also referred to by this author, is Garra gotyla, Gray ||. Aniong the more recent writers on the subject, we find Fowler (G. borneensis) {| and Berg (G. persica) ** recognising the valid term Garra of Buchanan, though there are a few who still try to revive the obsolete name of Discognathus +f. Platycara {{, Gonorhynchus §§. and Mayoa |||| have been also employed as generic terms by certain systematists, and some, at any rate, are now treated practically as synonymous with Discognathus. McClelland simply regarded that his Platycara is synonymous with Gray’s Balitora4 4. The eligibility of the generic term Gonorhynchus, which was introduced by Scopoli into the Linnean nomenclature, is, however, disputed as not conforming to the Linnean Code, since no type was indicated by Scopoli while introducing the generic title into the binomial terminology. Still Jerdon freely used this generic term in his description of certain Cyprinine fish from 8S. India, such as Gonorhynchus mcClellandi, Jer., Gon. gotyla, Jer., and Gon. stenorhynchus, Jer.***, Of the three generic terms Gonorhynchus (1763), Garra (1822), and Platycara (1838), Giinther (1868) rejects the first and treats the latter two denominations as synony- mous with Jiscognathus (1843). Mayoa (1869), being of later date, is not referred to by him. As Dr. Annandale informs me, it is possible that on the basis of anatomical characters two distinct genera may have ultimately to be recognised, and in that case the more appropriate generic * 1865. Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 297, and 1865. Fishes, Malabar, p. 205, + 1867. Id. tom. cit. p. 349. t 1867. Id. loc. cit. § 1867, F. Steindachner, SB, Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lvi. i. p. 36. || 1867. Id. loc. cit. 4] 1905. Fowler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. vol. lviii. p. 482, ** 1913. Berg, Ann. Mus. Zool. St. Petersburg, vol. xviii. p. 1xi. tt 1914. Regan (Discognathus wane), Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xiii, p- 263, fig. A. {{ 1838. McClelland, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, vol. vii. no. 6, p. 944. §§ 1763. Gronow Zoophylaceum. ||| 1869. Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 553. 4|*| 1888. McClelland, tom. cit. p. 947. *** 1849, T.C, Jerdon, Madras Journ, Lit. Sci. no. 35, pp. 309-10. 48 Mr. C. R. Narayan Rao on name will be Garra for the species occurring in Baluchistan, India, Burma, Malayan Peninsula, and perhaps Borneo, while Discognathus, if it is established to be generically distinct from Garra, may be confined to species met with in N.E. Africa, Arabia, Asia Minor, and Persia. In settling all questions relating to terminology, the law of priority has been relied upon usually as a safe guiding principle, and, if any valid generic term conforms to the Linnean Code, there is no sufficient reason why it should be suppressed or the law of priority itself ignored. If the matter of accep- tance or rejection of any term should, however, become purely arbitrary, then, as Jordan states, there can be no finality in such a case. There is therefore every justifi- cation for the general adoption of Buchanan’s generic designation of Garra, which, as has been pointed out already, has been used as such by Bleeker, Steindachner, Day, Fowler, and Berg more prominently. I also agree with Jordan that /amta* is the type of the genus Garra, since it has been regarded by Buchanan as the representative species for his “ Division Cyprinus garra,” and also being the first species described by him under this genus. I accordingly use the term Garra in the place of Discognathus, which I think is the correct procedure, at least so far as one has to deal with forms occurring within the Indian Empire, Ceylon, and Malayan Peninsula. Buchanan’s description of his Division Cyprinus garra is too brief and bald to be of any definitive value, and, having examined the somewhat rich material f in the Indian Museum, collected from various localities, and my own examples taken in equally interesting sources, I consider that the generic definition of Garra (Discognathus, part.), given by Giinther and Day, requires revision—at least, in certain particulars. I proceed to append the following diagnosis, which I must state is applicable strictly to forms occurring within the limits prescribed above :— Subfamily Crrrryry2. Genus Garra, Hamilton Buchanan (1822). 1763. Gonorhynchus, Gronow (rejected). 1888, Platycara, McClelland. 1843. Discognathus (part.), Hackel. 1864, Discognathus et Lissorhynchus, Bleeker. 1869. Mayoa, Day. * 1917. Jordan, op. cit. p. 115, & 1868. Giinther, tom. cit. p. 68. +1918. Annandale, Rec. Ind. Mus. vol. xiv. p. 45. Ifthe specimens of Discognathus, belonging to the collection of the Indian Museum now held up in Budapest, were also available, our position in regard to several species would have been certainly very much clearer. new Cyprinoid Fishes from Mysore. 49 Stone carps with a cylindrical or subcylindrical body, covered by scales either moderate or large*. Head never large, snout rounded, bearing mucous pores or spiny tubercles, chiefly in adult males, with or without a pro- tuberance between or outside each nostril +. Mouth veutral crescentic with both lips well developed, the upper usually fringed and the lower invariably developed into a powerful adhesive disk {; barbels short, usually four, sometimes only two or absent §. Pharyngeal teeth uncinate, in three closely approximate rows—2, 4, 5/5, 4, 2 or 5, 3, 1/1, 3, 5. Dorsal fin without osseous ray, upper margin slightly emarginate or deeply notched, commencing in front of the ventrals. Pectorals always horizontal, rarely exceeding the length of the head. Anal scales not generally differentiated. Distribution.—Fresh-water forms inhabiting tanks, rivers, and hill-streams throughout the Indian Empire, Ceylon, Malayan Peninsula, and Borneo. Synopsis of species of Garra collected up till now in the Mysore State and Coorg (S. India) :— 5 Garra lamta, H. B. Garra jerdonia, Day. Garra stenorhynchia, Jerdon. Garra jerdonia brevimentalia, var. n., Rao. Garra platycephala, sp. 0., Rao. Garra bicornuta, sp. n., Rao. OUR 8 to SysTeMATIC ACCOUNT OF THE SPECIES. 1. Garra lamta, H. B. 1822. Cyprinus lamta, H. Buchanan, op. cit. pp. 843, 393, 1841. Chondrostoma muillya, Sykes, Trans. Zool. Soe. i. p. 859. 1868. Discognathus lamta, Giinther, op. cit. p. 69. 1869. Mayoa modestus, Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 553. 1871. Discognathus modestus, Day, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, (2) xi. p. 108. 1878. Discognathus lamta, Day, Fish. Ind. Text. vol. ii. p. 527. * Garra borneana, Vaill., and_G. bicornuta, sp. n., Rao, have larger scales than most Indian species. t Two protuberances so far known only in G. bicornuta, Rao. { Feebly marked in G. adisca, Annan. Rec. Ind. Mus, 1919, vol. xvi. p. 68. This is a very variable structure, whose degree of development depends on the conditions amidst which the species lives. § G. imberbia, Vincig., from Burma, has no barbels (Ann. Mus, Genova, 1889, (2) ix. (xxix.) p. 281); and G. variadilia, Hick., has only two, perhaps occurring within the limits of the Indian Empire (Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, (n. s.) il. p. 8 (1906)). Ann. & Mag. N. Mist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 4 50 Mr. C. R. Narayan Rao on 1890. Discognathus lamta, Vinciguerra, Ann, Mus. Genova, (2) ix. pp. 275-279. 1909. Discognathus lamta, Jenkins, Rec. Ind. Mus. iii. p. 290. 1913. Discognathus lamta, Annandale, Journ. & Proc. As. Soc. Bengal, (i.js;) ix. p. a0: 1919. Discognathus lamta, id. Rec. Ind. Mus. vol. xvi. p. 181. 1919. Discognathus kangre, Prashad, Rec. Ind. Mus. vol. xvi. p. 168. This is perhaps the commonest species of Garra in the tanks and rivers of Mysore and Coorg, and also the one which exhibits extremes of individual variability. The mental disk, the dorsal, pectoral, and caudal fins, and eyes are chiefly affected by the modifying influences like still water or rapid forrents, shallow rock pools, or deep cavernous pits in the beds of rivers. This circumstance, together with the variability of scales and perhaps want of fresh or well-preserved specimens from widely different localities, must largely account for the differences of opinion regarding lamta. Dr. Annandale* writes: “I give Day and not Buchanan as the author of the former (D. lamta), because it is impossible to be sure as to the species to which Buchanan first applied the name Cyprinus lamta.” And again he writes: ‘‘ But there is some doubt as to whether Buchanan’s Cyprinus lamta was not rather the form called D. modestus by Day and Platycara nasuta by McClelland ” *. There can be no doubt as to the indications which Buchauan has left behind him in regard to what he meant by /amta. In his manuscript drawings there is figure of lamta, though the name written by Buchanan, in his own handwriting, is Cyprinus godiyari. In his notes on Bhagalpur District, published in vol. xx. of the Statistical Account of Bengal, he refers to this C. godiyari, and further in his notes on Gorakpur District (p. 105) he mentions that the C. godiyari of Bhagalpur is the same as C. lamia of Gorakpur. Accordingly, there can be no doubt whatsoever as to what Buchanan’s C. lamta is, as described in his ‘ Fishes of the Ganges’ (1822). It may be further stated that the MSS. drawing referred to is the protograph}, and having com- pared the descriptions of Buchanan and of Day, with the help of the material in the Indian Museum and in my own collection, I arrive at the conclusion that the lJamta of Day is identical with the damta of Buchanan. * 1919. Rec. Ind. Mus. vol. xvi. pp. 180, 181. + I am indebted to Dr. B. L. Chaudhuri for this information. In an addendum to his paper “ On the Fish of the Genus Discognathus”’ (Rec. Ind. Mus. vol. xviii. p. 77, 1919) Dr. Annandale briefly discusses the same point, and acknowledges information to the same authority. new Cyprinoid Fishes from Mysore. 51 Further, Day’s /amta is considered to be the same as his modestus by Jenkins *, with whom I entirely agree. Dr. Annandale +, however, regards the latter, possibly on the basis of six anal fin-rays, as synonymous with McClelland’s nasutus, thus agreeing with Giinther in assigning it the rank of a separate species in opposition to Day. In dis- cussing the specific distinctions of masutus, Dr. Annandale ¢ notices that a greatly enlarged adhesive organ (c), and the simple and flattened outer pectoral rays (e), form exclusive characters, and [ may point out that several examples of lamta obtained from the rapid streams, like the Harangi in Coorg, show these very characters, which accordingly may be disregarded. Then the other character—viz., six anal fiii- rays on which Day separates his /amta and jerdoni from modestus—is uniformly common in several examples of lamta, both in. my collection and in that of the Indian Museum, and I may state that this is also the experience of Jenkins. The other specific characters mentioned by Day for his modestus, as Jenkins has pointed out, also break down when a very large number of examples of /amta from widely different localities are examined, and, as Iam unable at present to discover any sufficient ground for separating Day’s modestus from his lamta, I have in this paper treated the former as synonymous with Buchanan’s /amta. Iu the absence of more material than is available at present in the Indian Museum, it is difficult to say whether nasudus is only a local race of damta or a tiew species. 1 rewrite the formula for Garra lamta of its fin-rays and lateral transverse rows of scales thus :— et ( 223: .9/850) 9 Pr ia. Vv.) A. 6-7 (1-2/5), T1710) wlio. S0267, ie tr 442/344 (1) Specimens with spine-covered mucous glands on the snout are not peculiar to the Salt Range in the Punjab or the Chumba District §; they commonly occur in Mysore and Coorg. (2) The occurrence of a spiny protuberance is a purely secondary sexual character. (3) A greatly enlarged mental disk and an expansive pectoral fin, with a larger number of simple rays, are associated with forms occurring in the rapid streams. * 1909. Jenkins, op. cit. p. 292. T 1919. Annandale, Ree. Ind. Mus. vol. xvi. p. 152. £1919. Id. op. cit. p. 138. § Day, Fishes—Fauna, Brit. Ind. vol. i, p. 246, 4* 52 Mr. C. R. Narayan Rao on (4) Younger specimens possess an interesting scheme of coloration, in which the orange is confined to the fins more often than not*. The description of D. kangre} suffers from certain defects—for example, the number of caudal fin-rays is not indicated, and it is not clear whether or uot the length of the caudal fin is included in the total length of the body. The dorsal profile behind the dorsal fin is described as being slightly concave and the upper lip as being fairly broad. ‘These descriptions do not conform to the proto- graph. I have examined the type and syntypes of this species in the Indian Museum, and find that the lateral and transverse series of scales—viz., 35 and 4/34 respectively— are correctly represented in the text-figure, and not 34 and 4/5 as stated in the description. The caudal fin-rays are 19. The reasons for considering kangre as a separate species by its author are—(1) the proportions of the different parts of the body, (2) the shape and size of mental disk, (8) the situation of ihe eye, and (4) the shape of the tail and dorsal fin. As I have already stated that characters 2 and 4 are very variable among lamta, it would be risky to consider them to be of specific importance, The measurements of kangre I have taken are as follows (measurements in hundredths of total length without caudal fin) :— kangre. lamta. mm. mm Total length without caudal fin .... 95 95 Depth-or bpdys.;> Ox tege isso eee 22°1 22°6 Depth of caudal peduncle.......... 12°6 12°7 Depth of head at occiput .......... 189 19°1 Jueng thyof head: <).). sitcom. ses eette 24°1 23°6 Width of interorbital space ........ 16°7 169 Lengthcof snouts, sedate clecte ates 13°6 13:0 Diameter of orbit? ci. <() ce save aoe 4:2 4:2 Length of caudal peduncle ........ 17°8 17-9 Tt will be seen from the above measurements of the two species (I have taken a well-preserved Jamta of the same size for comparison) that the only real pomt of difference between lamta and kangre is the relative length of head, which, I consider, is too insufficient a basis for founding a new species upon. Till more material is forthcoming, when * Vide description of Garra malabarica, Day, ‘Fishes of Malabar,’ p. 206, pl. xv. fig. 1. This is the usual coloration of younger forms of G. lamta, which fades in the preserving fluids. + 1919. Prashad, op. cit. text-tigs. p. 164. new Cyprinoid Fishes from Mysore. 53 kangre may perhaps be considered as a variety of lamta, I propose to treat kangre as synonymous with /amta. It is needless to observe that the other differences in the measure- ments must be due to conditions of preservation, food, and maturity of the specimens. The formula of rays and scales for kangre is almost the same as for lamta*. 2. Garra jerdonia, Day. 1878. Discognathus jerdon’, Day, Fish Ind. Text. ii. p. 528. 1909. Discognathus jerdont, Jenkins, Ree. Ind. Mus. vol. iti. p. 291. 1919. Discognathus jerdoni, Annandale, Rec. Ind. Mus. vol. xvi. p: l3d2: 1919. Discognathus jerdoni, Annandale, Ree. Ind. Mus. vol. xvii. p. 73, pl. ix. figs. 1, 2, and pl. xi. fig. 3. My specimens of jerdonia have been taken chiefly in the rapidly running waters of the Cauvery, both in the Mysore State and Coorg. Having examined a fairly large collec- tion of this species, I think it is impossible to maintain with Giinther that it is identical with /amta. As Dr. Annandale proposes to discuss this and the following species in his forthcoming paper, I content myself here with recording their occurrence in Mysore, hoping for a future opportunity for offering such remarks on them as may be called for. 3. Garra stenorhynchia, Jerdon. 1849. Gonorhynchus stenorhynchus, Jerdon, Mad. Journ, Lit. Sci. 1919. Discognathus stenorhynchus, Annandale, Rec. Ind. Mus. vol. xvii. pl. ix. fig. 3, pl. xi. fig. 4. Jerdon’s account of this species, obtained in the Bhavani River (foot of the Nilgiri Hills) and the streams of Malabar, is absolutely brief. My specimens, which were obtained from the rocky pools in the Cauvery (Seringapatam), show a relatively larger internasal protuberance studded with spiny mucous pores, the upper lip thick and suctorial, the upper surface of the head proportionately much broader, and a greatly enlarged mental disk. * T have, since writing the above, noticed that kangre, Prashad, is regarded by Dr. Annandale (1919, op. cit. p. 74) as a subspecies of jerdone. “This form seems to be no more than a local race of D. jerdont, Day, distinguished by its longer head and smaller eye.” I consider, for the reasons given above, that it is more correct to treat it as a subspecies of lamta. 54 Mr. C. R. Narayan Rao on 4. Garra jerdonia brevimentalia, var. n. (Pl. I. figs. lar: I propose to describe this variety in detail, and later briefly indicate the points of difference between it and the foregoing species, G. jerdonia, Day. D: 11 (2/9). P. 12-13. Ve10) A. 80/7) eae re: L. 1.32. L. tr. 5-52/24-4 *, The body is cylindrical, the ventral surface rather broad, compressed behind the vent. The dorsal profile in front of the dorsal fin is distinctly convex and, behind it, gently slopes towards the caudal fin. The ventral profile in front of the ventral fin is equally convex. The height of the body in front of the dorsal fin is contained slightly more than 32 times in the total length without the caudal fin, and the depth of the caudal peduncle at its narrowest part is less than 72 in the total length. The head is small compara- tively, and its length is contained nearly 44 times in the total length, and the depth at the occiput is exactly 52 times in the total length. ‘The upper profile of the head gently slopes down to tip of snout. The eyes, placed in the middle of the head, are small, whose diameter is three in the inter- orbital distance, which is broader than the length of snout. The interorbital space is convex or slightly flat. The snout is obtuse, very faintly grooved between the nostrils, covered with open mucous pores, which are rather small. ‘The upper lip is large and fringed, the mental disk is sub- triangular, the labial fold being nearly as wide as the cartilaginous pad. Both folds are granular. ‘The anterior barbels equal the posterior ones, or are only slightly longer. The chest nearly free from scales+. A very large obtuse angle is formed by the opercular folds with the mental disk. The length of the pectoral fin equals the distance between its anterior root and tip of snout, which also equals the longest dorsal fin-ray. The longest anal and ventral fin-rays nearly equal. The caudal peduncle merges insensibly mto the root of the caudal fin, which is lobed. The upper lobe nearly always longer than the ventral lobe. The colora- tion is variable. Uniform reddish all over, with the lower surface of snout and mental disk redder, or uniform olive-_ green, somewhat clouded darker on the back. A dark * 42 shown in the protograph is incorrect. + 1913. Annandale, Journ. Proc. As. Soc. Bengal, vol. ix. no. 1, p. 37. This condition is certainly different from the undescribed Manipur form referred to by Dr. Annandale. new Cyprinoid Fishes from Mysore. Do JY pectoral spot. Sides in the green forms are bright yellow, fading into paler yellow on the ventral surface. A dark streak along the middle of the caudal fin and the outer margin of the pectoral and anterior margin of the dorsal fins, somewhat bronzed. Measurements”* in hundredths of total length without caudal fin :— mm, Total length without caudal fin............ 85 Depth oft body, oe... sess oar remot ciate «oe « 25 Depth of caudal peduncle ..............5. 12:9 Menotheat heady. .). 0) 1 nceceem ner: om eae 22°3 Depth of head ..... BS Rica Gl 23 4) cis aot 17°6 Interorbital space ......... Ecrie ae ; 10°5 Henetle Gian auibie Law. 2 ts weaeen retells se sisters 9-4 Wiameter Of Obit. Vue gees leer ne ceda 4°6 Distance from tip of snout to anterior end of orca fin Poy ia wate remi vices sre aed, ¢ 47°5 Height of longest dersal ray .............. 20 Distance between tip of snout to root of pec- WONG WAM esvares agit Neves Sehiry este asthe oa g bee 20 Menpthrof pectoral tims Curculionites brenthiformis, sp. n. Bartonian, Bagshot Beds, Bournemouth (Gardner, 8 and 15). British Museum, 19007, with reverse. The punctiform depressions are too large and shallow for an Elaterid, and appear to indicate an unusually elongate member of the Rhynchophora, similar to the Brenthidee. Fig. 8. | Chrysomelites bartonicus, sp. n. in the British Museum. 71 Chrysomelites bartonicus, sp.n. (Fig. 8.) Elytra probably about 7 mm. long (6 mm. preserved), 3 mm. wide ; apex very obtuse, subtruncate ; ten very finely punctured striz, sharp and distinct, with the arrangement shown in the figure. No markings are preserved. Bartonian. The label is lost, but the soft white iron-stained rock agrees with that of 19022, from the Bagshot Beds, Bournemouth (Gardner). I have marked the specimen x. The form agrees with the Chrysomelids. Curculionites optimus, sp. n. (Fig. 9.) Elytra probably about 14 mm. long (11 mm. preserved), 6°5 mm. wide ; nearly parallel-sided ; humeral angle very distinct ; ten rows of very distinct but irregularly placed punctures, the innermost row double and the outermost more or less so. The figure shows the arrangement of the rows. RAS Daa ue ey tu a eS Pteph yes ees Day vans Teniae: A ana eens ee al et EE RC aaah i eos Ort Ove O. a eet awe bel tog Se te ete ° clei olals timelta. iat Sp etd gat Ve cetine Honea Odie op & SPOR ere Bah PFI Om tak (BE Ra RSCOSR a one cai aaa Curculionites optimus, sp n. Bartonian, Lower Bagshot Beds, Bournemouth. British Museum, 12869, with reverse. It was purchased from F. H. Butler in 1909, but came from the Nevil Jones collection. Erotylites (gen. nov.) wallacet, sp.n. (Fig. 10.) Elytra about 12°3 mm. long, 4°8 mm. broad, very convex, the apex broad, but with a sharp point; surface (abraded in middle) beset with fine distinct punctures, which run more or less in rows, as shown in the figure. 72 _ Mr. A. W. J. Pomeroy on new Bartonian, Lower Bagshot, Corfe Clay, Creech, between Corfe and Wareham, Dorset (W. R. Brodie, 14). British Museum, 19047. Purchased from the executors of H. 8. Beckles in 1891. Fig. 10. Evotylites wallacet, sp. n. The shape of the elytron is like that of Cypherotylus aspersus, Gorham (Krotylide). The general form is rather suggestive of Tenebrionide, but the apex is different. Named atter Dr. A. R. Wallace, in memory of a visit to Corfe in his company many years ago. 1V.—New Species of African Simulhidee. By A. W. J. Pomeroy, M.B.E. [Plates III. & IV.] In a previous paper* the writer pointed out the importance of the respiratory filaments of the pupa of Stmulium as specific characters in distinguishing closely allied species, and an extended series of observations on African species con- firms this opinion. In addition to the differences of the formation of the branching of the filaments, what may prove to be a very important clue to generic eharacter has been observed, namely, the composition of the chitinous mem- brane of the filaments themselves. In some species the chitin is in the form of “scalloped ” plates welded together, * Pomeroy, Bull. U.S, Dep. Agric. no, 329, Professional Paper, March 6, 1916, p. 24, Species of African Simuliide. 73 in others on hexagonal plates. In one species—S. gilvipes, Pomeroy—the membrane is covered with crescent-shape«l nodules arranged in rows. In three species which have pup with four-branched filaments the resemblance in tlie arrangement of the chitin is remarkable, since one species (S. bracteatum, Coq.) is found in N. America, another (S. aureum, Fries) is a British species, and a third (8. aureo- simile, Pomeroy) is found in the Kamerun, W, Africa. The writer has not made any histological investigation into tlic subject, and some considerable work needs to be done before any definite conclusion can be reached ; but from superficial observation under a low power the characters seem to be too important to be overlooked. In the following descriptions of new species the pupz have been correlated with the adults, by dissecting adult males which were almost ready to emerge from the pupal skin and comparing their genitalia with those of specimens bred in the streams at the same time and place. Simulium cervicornutum, sp. n. (Bie Biiefier 3 > Plo LY; fies 3.) Male.—Length 15 mm. Antenne black, covered with a short greyish pubescence». Thorax velvet-black, covered with thick golden pubescence, in freshly emerged specimens entirely so. Pleuwre brown, lacking the patch of soft hairs. Wings hyaline, veins brown, radius unforked. Abdomen velvet-black, first segment with a fringe of dark purple-brown hairs; a diagonal perlaceous stripe on each side of the abdomen across the fifth, sixth, and seventh segments, rather more iridescent blue in some lights. Legs: front legs, coxze dark brown ; femora, apical ends dark purple-brown, remainder covered with shining light yellow hairs; tibize, apical third dark purple brown, re- mainder covered with light yellow hairs; tarsi almost black. Hind legs: coxee dark purple-brown; femora dark purple- brown ; tibiz, basal third covered with light shining yellow hair ; tarsi purple-black, second tarsal joint with excision near base. Genitalia: basal pieces large; claspers about one-third the length of basal piece, having one finger-like process at the apex ; anal plates, the lateral plates very long, exceeding the length of the claspers, with a few short bristles at the apex, the centre plate large; adminiculum ratiier broad, with a fringe of short hairs and some very irregular short spines at the apex of the trough; arms, the arms end ‘ mesally with a pair of spines, the outer one very long, the inner very short. 74 Mr. A. W. J. Pomeroy on new Hab. Quick-flowing mountain-streams, obtained hy rearing from pupa. Loc. Bangan, Kamerun, W. Africa, 14.2.1916. Altitude 2200 metres. 5 Type in the British Museum. Female.—Uength 1°7 mm. Frons silver-grey. Antenne’ brown with grey dusting, the two basal joints yellow. Thorax lustrous black, covered with strong golden pubescence. Pleure fuscous and lacking the patch of soft hairs. Wings hyaline, radius unforked. Abdomen: basal segment with fringe of long yellow hairs; second, third, and fourth segments with long golden hairs dorsally and laterally, the last four segments shining purple- black, with sparse black hairs and bristles. Legs: front legs, coxee dark brown, with shiny masses of yellow hair ; femora dark, with thick shining pale yellow hair on the (MEG Hind claws of Simulium, 2. Fig. 1.—Simulium meduseformis, sp.n. ind claw of female. Fig. 2.—Stmuliwm cervicornutum, sp. ua. Fig. 38.—Simulium awreosimile, sp. n. Fig. 4.—Stmulium gilvipes, sp. n. apical half, silvery in some lights ; tibize yellow, dark brown on apical fourth; tarsi very dark brown, almost black. Hind legs: coxe dark brown; femora dark brown; tibiz hairy, basal half shining yellow, apical half dark purple- brown; first tarsal joint yellow, but black at apex ; second tarsal joint with marked excision near base; second, third, fourth, and fifth tarsal joints all purple-black. Claws with a large blunt tooth projecting from the base similar to S. latipes, Meig. Hab. Not found biting. Bred from pupa in swift mountain-stream, Loc. Bangan, Kamerun, W. Africa, 14. 2.1916. Altitude 2200 metres. Paratype in British Museum. Pupa.—Pupal filaments shaped like the antlers of an elk. - The filaments arise from the base in three main branches ; Species of African Simuliidee. 75 the first branch divides dorsad into three short branches progressively longer ; the second main branch divides dorsact into four, the first very short, the remainder progressively longer; the third main branch divides into two. The pupa was determined from the genitalia and legs of the adult male, dissected from the pupa and compared with the type. Simulium gilvipes, sp. i. (Pl. Ti, fies SRS TVs ite. 1.) Male.—Uength 2-4 mm. Antenne entirely dark brown, with greyish pubescence, the two basal joints somewhat paler. Thorax velvet-black, covered with thick light golden pubescence. Pleure light grey-brown, with patch of soft hairs near spiracle. Wings: hyaline yeins brownish yellow, radius unforked. Abdomen velvet-black, covered with golden pubescence ; first segment with fringe of long yellow hair, golden at base, pale at apex. Legs: front legs, coxe very dark brown ; femora dark brown at base, middle light yellow, brown at apex; tibize brown at apex, middle yellow covered with light golden pubescence, apex dark brown ; tarsi, all tarsal joints very dark brown, last three almost black. Hind legs: coxze brown; femora very yellow, with golden pubescence, apex dark brown ; tibie, basal third yellow, apical two-thirds dark brown ; tarsi almost black, the second tarsal joint with excision near base. Genitalia: basal pieces large ; claspers less than the length of the basal pieces, blunt at apex, with single finger- like process; the ends usually turned over mesally ; anal plates, side-pieces very small and very constricted inwardly at apices, bearing five to six stout bristles arising from very distinct nodules, centre plate small and denude of bristles ; adminiculum very broad, with a fringe of weak hairs along the lower portion of pouch; arms very chitinous, ending mesially in two groups of strong black spines, the main spinal process very serrated outwardly. Hab. Quick-flowing mountain-streams: obtained from pupa attached to rocks. Loc. Bangan, Kamerun, W. Africa, 14. 2.1916. Altitude 2200 metres. Type in British Museum. Female.—Length 2:6-7 mm. Head: frons covered with silver pubescence ; face silver- grey ; antennee dark brown with grey pubescence, first two joints pale yellow, third joint pale yellow at base. Thorax dull purple-black, covered with golden pubescence. Pleure 76 Mr. A. W. J. Pomeroy on new brown-grey with patch of soft silky hair near spiracle. Wings hyaline, veins yellowish, radius unforked. Abdomen dull purple-black, covered with rather brassy pubescence, the seventh and eighth tergites rather bare and shiny, the fringe of hair on the first segment distinctly short, almost absent dorsally. Legs: front legs, coxee brown; femora yellow, apex brown ; tibiz, basal two-thirds yellow, remainder dark brown ; tarsi very dark, almost black. Hund legs : coxe light brown; femora golden yellow, covered with brassy pubescence, apex black ; tibie, basal two-thirds yellow, remainder dark brown ; tarsi, first tarsal joint— basal third yellow, two-thirds covered with yellow pubes- cence, remainder of tarsal jomts black. The second tarsal joint with excision near base ; hind claws with tooth at base as in S. ornatum. Hab. Not found biting ; bred from pupe in quick-flowing mountain stream. Loc. Bangan, Kamerun, W. Africa, 14.2.1916. All. 2200 metres. Paratype in British Museum. Pupa.—The pupal filaments consist of fourteen branches arising from seven main stems and branching dichotomously a short distance from the base. The filaments are very strong in appearance, very dark and quite black at the apices, which are sharp-pointed and very chitinous. Under a high power the outer wall is seen to be covered with crescent- shaped nodules, which are arranged in rows over the entire surface. The pupa is described from specimens containing adult males dissected out and compared with type. They were also collected from the same locality on the same date. Simulium meduseformis, sp. n. (PLL digs Gs (Pie TVs. 25) Male.— Length 2 mm. Antenne black, covered with fine short grey pubescence, the two basal segments dirty yellow. Thorag velvet-black covered with thick light golden pubescence (in the type- specimen some of the pubescence has been rubbed off), especially thick at the sides. Pleuwre brown with silver slieen, lacking the patch of soft hairs near the spiracle. Wings hyaline, radius unforked. Abdomen velvet-black, first segment with long fringe of golden-brown hairs, a diagonal broad patch of iridescent silver-grey on the sides about the fifth and sixth segments; a fringe of long shining pale yellow hairs arises from the margins of the ventral sclerites, covering the sides of the abdomen on the first five Species of African Simuliide. 77 segments ; the ventral surface of the abdomen brown, with blue-grey iridescence. Legs: front legs, cox dark purple-brown ; femora dark purple-brown just at apex ~ covered with light yellow pubescence; tibie, dark brown front, basal two-thirds covered with shining silver pubes- cence ; tarsi all black. Hind legs: coxe black; femora purple-black ; tibize, basal third covered with shining golden- yellow hair, remainder purple-black ; tarsi, black first tarsal joint paler in middle, second joint with excision near base. Genitalia : basal pieces large; claspers large, rather tapering, with two finger-like processes at apex ; anal plates, side-pieces small, with very few strong bristles ; centre plate small with no bristles ; adminiculum rather oblong with peculiar rows of stout spines running diagonally mesad across the lower end of pouch; arms strongly chitinous, ending mesally in two groups of very strong black spines, surrounded by a spiny membrane. Female.—Length 2°3 mm. Head: frons and face silver-grey ; antennee black with fine short silver pubescence, the two basal segments pale yellow. Thorax dark greenish black covered with golden pubescence, silver pubescence laterad on the shoulders. Pleuwre brown- grey pollinose, lacking the patch of solf hair on the mem- branous patch near spiracle. Abdomen black, heavily covered with long thick matted golden pubescence, which turns silver at the sides, first segment with a fringe of long pale hairs. Legs : front legs, coxz black, femora black, front covered slightly with silver pubescence ; tibize, basal two-thirds silver, apical third black ; tarsi entirely black ; hind legs, coxie black, femora and tibiz purple-black with silver pubescence ; tarsi, first tarsal joint black at point of base, following two- thirds yellow, devoid of pubescence, black at point of apex, remainder of tarsi black ; second tarsal joint with excision at base ; claws simple. Type-locality. Bangan, Kamerun, W. Africa, 2. 14. 1916. Alt. 2200 metres. Hab. Bred from pupe in swift-flowing mountain streams, Not found biting. Paratypes in British Museum. Loc. Top of Table Bay, Capetown, 8. Africa. Specimens of pup obtained Dec. 7, 1912, by K. H. Barnard in Brit, Museum. One male dissected from pupa shows the same male genitalia as type. Pupa.—Pupal filaments with unique secondary filaments arising from main trunks. ‘The main branches are as 78 Mr. A. W. J. Pomeroy on new follows :—first main branch rather weak, consisting of four long filaments arising dorsally from the stem at intervals ; the remaining branches consist of four very stout finger-like processes, very dark in colour, with secondary filaments of a pale colour arising from them as follows :—from first finger two long filaments arise together from the base, about half- way up towards the apex a single long filament arises, and near the apex another long filament, making four secondary filaments in all; from the second finger two filaments arise from the base, a third about halfway up, a fourth two-thirds and a fifth a short distance from the apex ; from the third finger only two filaments arise, one about two-thirds up and the other a short distance from the apex; the last finger is not so thick as the preceding and is devoid of secondary fila- ments. Pupa described from specimens containing male adults dissected out and compared with type. The pupe were also collected from the same locality and on the same date as adult type. Simulium aureosimile, sp. n. (PIS he Ploy ties ac) Male.—Antenne brown. Thorax thickly covered with rich red-golden pubescence. Pleure brown, lacking patch of soft hair. Wings: radius unforked. Legs: front legs, coxze pale yellow ; femora pale yellow covered with light golden hair ; tibiz, basal two-thirds yellow, apical third brown ; tarsi all black. Hind legs: coxe black ; femora, basal two-thirds yellow, apex black ; tibiz, basal two-thirds - yellow, apex black ; tarsi black, second tarsal joint with ex- cision at base. Genitalia: basal pieces large ; claspers less than length of basal pieces with single finger-like process at apex of clasper ; anal plates not as large as claspers, with 18— 20 strong bristles at apex ; centre plate rather small, devoid of bristles ; adminiculum very broad; the pouch very narrow, constricted, with many small bristles; arms end mesially in a single very prominent spine divided and thickened at base. Hab. Bred from pup found in slow-moving stream. ‘The pupe were attached to grass-blades and vegetation. Loc. Baliben, Kamerun, W. Africa, 10. 1. 1916. Type in British Museum. Described from a single adult and some specimens dissected from pupa. Female.— Thorax dull black, sparsely covered with light golden pubescence. Pleure brown, lacking the patch of soft hairs. Wings: radius unforked. Abdomen dull brown. Species of African Simultidee. (8 Legs: front legs black with traces of pubescence, coxze and femora yellow; tibiz, basal two-thirds yellow, apical third black; tarsi all black. Hind legs: cox black; femora pale yellow, black at apex; tibic, basal third yellow, remainder black ; tarsi all black; second tarsal joint with excision at at base; claws with very large projecting tooth at base. Described from a single specimen reared from pupa and others dissected from pupa. ‘The very conspicuous feature of the species is the yellowness of the upper part of the legs and the tooth-like process at the base of the claw. Hab. Bred from pupa in slow-moving stream. Alt. 1000 metres. Not found biting. Loc. Baliben, Kamerun, W. Africa, 10. 1. 1916. Pupa.—The pupal filaments are four in number... The first two branches arise from the main stem near the base. The third branch divides dichotomously a short distance from the base. The filaments are very similar to those of S. awreum, Fries, and to S. bracteatum, Coq., but differ in the way they arise from the main stem. The pupa were determined from specimens containing male adults dissected out and compared with type. Simulium unicornutum, sp.u. (Pl. ITI. fig. 2.) Pupa.—Uength 2-2°3 mm. The pupal filaments are of a very unique character, con- sisting of a single horseshoe-shaped tube, rather more prominent cephalically, situated either side of the thorax. ‘The filament, the cephalic portion of which is about 1 mm. in length, is attached at the usual position on the thorax and the tubular extension leading from the base is present. One of the specimens contained a male imago, but not sufficiently well developed to permit of an accurate descrip- tion. The writer is of the opinion, however, that the very remarkable formation of the pupal filaments is sufficient to warrant its description as a new species. Described from six specimens. Type in the British Museum. Hab. Slow-moving mountain stream, attached to grass- blades. Loc. Balibo, Kamerun, W. Africa, 12.12.1916. Altitude about 2000 metres. Simulium damnosum, &, Theobald. (IAIN, fig. 45 Pl. LV... fig. 5.) Male.—Length 2 mm. Antenne dark brown with grey pubescence. Thorax : 8) On new Species of African Simuliidee. general colour lustrous slate-blue, with a broad black median stripe and a broad black stripe on either side concave out- wardly, abbreviated toward basal margin. Pleure slate-grey, lacking patch of soft hair near prothoracie spiracle. Addo- men velvet-black, first segment with fringe of dark golden- brown hair, sides of abdomen with diagonal stripe of per- laceous blue. Legs: front legs, cox black; femora and tibie dark brown, with front of shining silver ; tarsi very broad and black. Hind legs: coxz and femora black ; tibiz black, basal third shining silver; tarsi, first tarsal joiut shining silver, black at apex, remainder of tarsal joints black ; second tarsal joint with excision near base. Genitalia: basal pieces about the same length as the claspers, having the apex of the outer lateral margin projecting very strongly, covered with very stout black bristles ; claspers the same length as the basal pieces, with a single finger-like process at apex and rather pointed; anal plates—lateral pieces prominent, with several strong bristles, centre piece broad ; adminiculum V-shaped, covered with very stout small tri- angular spines and a fringe of short hair at the apex of the pouch ; arms—the arms end mesially in two masses of very black chitinous spines, the general appearance rather like a brush. Pupa.—The filaments are rather pale and translucent in structure. They are composed of eight main lobes, bulbous and finger-like.. The cephalic and caudal lobes very broad in the middle, pointed toward the apex. These two lobes are very often found split up the ceutre. The remaining six arise from the base of the main stem in pairs, and in some specimens a short broad secondary finger-like filament is present attached to one of the middle filaments, usually the first cephalic pair, about halfway up. Described from specimens containing male imagos dis- sected out and compared with emerged adults, bred from the same locality and at the same time. Hab. Swift-flowing mountain stream, attached to rocks in large masses. 8 Morogoro, Conquered Territory, E. Africa, 24.11. LON7. No previous description of the male or pupa has been published. ‘The females bred from the same pupz were compared with the type in the British Museum. ‘The larva will be described in a later paper. Specimens placed in the British Museum Collection. On British Oligocene Ants. 81 EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. Puate III. Pupee of Simulium. Fig. 1. Respiratory filaments of the pupa of Simuliwm aureosimile, sp. n. Fig. 2. Respiratory filaments and upper portion of the pupa of Srmedlium unicornutum, sp. 3. Simulium cervicornutum, sp. 1. 4, Stmulium damnosum, Theobald. Fig. 5. Simulium gilvipes, sp. n. 6. Simulium meduseformis, sp. 0. PuateE IV. Genitalia of Staadiwn. . Stmulium gilvipes, sp. 0. . Simulium meduseformis, sp. n. . Stmulium cervicornutum, sp. n. . Simulium aureosimile, sp. n. . Simulium damnosum, Theobald. hy OU 09 bD V.—British Oligocene Ants. By Horace Sr. J. K. DonisTHoRPE, F.Z.8., F.1E.S. [Plate V.] In my book on British ants (1915) I pointed out that two wing-impressions from the Lower Purbecks of Durdlestone Bay, considered by Westwood to belong to ants, and described by him in 1854 as Formicium brodiet and Myrmicium heerd, had been shown by Handlirsch to belong to saw-flies. I also stated that the remains of three genera—Myrmica, Formica, and Camponotus—were found in the Bembridge Limestone. The latter statement was made on the strength of a short note by P. B. Brodie on Tertiary fossil ants (1875) and a list of genera given in a paper by Dr. Henry Woodward (1879) on the authority of Mr. Frederick Smith of the British Museum. At the time I was not aware that there were in the British Museum large collections of insects made by Brodie and Ki. J. A’Court Smith from the Oligocene of the Isle of Wight. At the request of the officers of the Geological Department I have since overliauled this collection, as well as a number of British fossil insects belonging to Mr. R. W. Hooley from the same source, and have arranged the specimens, as far as I am able, into their different families. Of the numbers Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 6 82 - Mr. H. St. J. K. Donisthorpe on attached to individual specimens, those following an “I” or “In” are register-numbers of the Geological Department of the British Museum. ‘These numbers are all in one series, but the letter “I,” being subject to misapprehension, was recently changed to “In.” It so happens that all the speci- mens of the Brodie Collection (purchased in 1898) are denoted by numbers following “I,”’ and that those of A’Court Smith Collection (though purchased in 1883) were registered later under numbers following “In.” Specimens from Mr. Hooley’s collection bear numbers following “H.” The numbers in brackets, with or without a letter, are those of my working list. A large proportion of these insects belong to the Formicidae, and I find that the so-called Formica and Camponotus are really species of Oecophylla. ‘There are no specimens of Myrmica, but one ant, which has “ Myrmica” written in pencil on the matrix, belongs to a new genus. Several specimens of a large wing marked “ Wing of Syrea” are really the wings of a large species of Oecophylla described by Cockerell as O. megarche. For, on December 11th, 1915 (after the publication of my ‘ British Ants’), Professor Cockerell published a paper on “ British Fossil Insects,” and in it he described eight species of ants from the Oligocene of the Isle of Wight, based on duplicate material rejected from Brodie’s Collection, and now preserved in the United States National Museum as part of the Lacoe Collection. The locality in the Isle of Wight is Gurnet or Gurnard Bay (both spellings appear in the maps), which lies a little to the west of Cowes in the north of the island. This deposit has been placed both in the Bembridge series =Middle Oligocene, and in the Osborne series, which is Lower Oligocene, as also are the deposits of Aix and the Baltic amber. Cockerell thinks, however, that the Gurnet Bay fossils indicate a more decidedly temperate climate, and consequently an age a little later than that of the Baltic amber. He suggests that there was, perhaps, a mud-spring, with heated waters, into which the insects fell, possibly over- come by gaseous emanations. The waters were not themselves poisonous, as fragments of rock carry also multitudes of a species of Phyllopod Crustacean, the Branchipodites described by Woodward (1879). Very many of the blocks I have examined exhibit these crustaceans, and some are marked in pencii “ Branchiopode.” Cockerell’s contention with regard to the mud-spring is supported by the fact that nearly all the ants I have examined are winged, and were probably overcome by the vapours during their marriage flights. British Oligocene Ants. 83 The ants described by Cockerell are as follows :— Ponera hypolitha, represented by the middle of a fore wing and one hind wing. Dolichoderus britannicus, from a thorax with fore and hind wing; petiole and part of gaster; also a lateral section of a body. anglicus, from the middle of a fore wing. ovigerus, from the middle of a fore wing and part of body. Leptothorax gurnetensis, from a nearly complete fore wing ; also part of a larger one, described as a variety. Oecophylla atavina, from part of body, fore and hind wing. -~—— perdita, from a complete fore wing ; another varying somewhat ; also a small head and bit of thorax, and part of a fore wing, described as a male. megarehe, from a large fore wing, not quite complete ; a hind wing ; and head with large mandibles. It is certainly unfortunate that Cockerell should have restricted his studies to a few relatively inferior specimens of these ants when such magnificent collections were available ; but, of course, he could only make the best of such material as he had before him. His descriptions are based chiefly on measurements of the wings, their cells, and their veins, as these are almost all he had to go by. Now, asis well known, the wings of ants vary considerably, not only in the same species [ Adolph (1880) examined a large number of male and temale Acanthomyops ( Chthonolasius) umbratus, Nyl., taken by him during a marriage flight, and found that over 80 per cent. of the specimens varied in the neuration of their wings], but even in the same individual—the cells and veins of the wings on one side of the insect not agreeing with those on the other. In Oecophylla, of which Cockerell had only tive specimens, I have examined and measured over two hundred and forty-five specimens, and found them to differ in small measurements spreading over a large range. It would, of course, be absurd to give a separate name to each specimen that varied a little from the others ; and it is almost impossible to decide where to draw the line or even which insects belong to Cockerell’s species. The specimens examined by me appear to belong to the following subfamilies :— PONERINAE: 4 genera and 4 species. DOLICHODERINAE: 1 genus and 4 species. CAMPONOTINAE: 3 genera and 6 species. G* 84 Mr. H. St. J. K. Donisthorpe on Tt will thus be seen that I have been unable to detect any species belonging to the other two subfamilies—Dorylinae and Myrmicinae. As no species of the former subfamily occur in the Baltic amber, their absence is not surprising here; but that no species of the latter are present is very curious. There are also some thirteen specimens of whose genera I am doubtful (some being only fragments), but in any case they do not belong with certainty to the two subfamilies just mentioned. These are numbered :—I. 8676, I. 8683, I. 8723, I. 8759, T. 9820, I. 9624, I. .9695, 1, 101295. 4.102097 54 to ia In. 17074 ; H. 127, and H. 334. Of these doubtful species I sent drawings of the six most distinct specimens to my friend Prof. Wheeler, and he has very kindly returned them to me with suggestions as follows :—(a. 18) I. 9695 Cat- aulacus?, 93 I. 10211 Dolichoderus? (Hypoclinea?), @ ; T. 10209 Liometopum?, 9; In. 17074 Lrometopum?, ¢ ; H. 127 Liometopum?, 2 ; H. 334 Camponotus ?, &. I do not propose to describe or figure these specimens, for the excellent reasons given by Wheeler. He writes (an Mitt., 10th Dec., 1919) :—‘*In the case of the Florissant fossils I shall not bother to describe or figure any specimens which are not quite clear. I pursued this course with the Baltic amber ants, of which I saw many that were indecipherable. IPf one actually refers obscure fossils to a particular genus without a query, they are dragged through the literature, and often produce great confusion later by giving the impression that certain genera were present in certain formations.” Subfamily Powzrrwaz, Le Peletier. Tribe EcTATOMMINI, Emery. Genus SYNTAPHUS, nov. (sbvragos, buried in the same grave.) Diagnosis, An Kectatommine with a spine on the epinotum. Genotype. S. wheelert. Syntaphus wheeleri, sp. n. There are three pieces of rock which carry this species ; two of them [I. 8744, I. 9936] exhibit the same specimen bisected by the splitting of the block, and show the head, thorax, and gaster, two legs, part of both antennze, and a trace of the wings. On the third block [I. 9325] only the head, thorax, and half of the fore wing are present (PI. V. fig. 2). The head is pointed at the posterior corners and the British Oligocene Ants. 85 epinotum is spined. Part of the integument remains on the head and thorax in all three bits of rock, and the punctu- ration is coarse and rugose as in Rhytidoponera, Stictoponera, etal. The neuration of the wing is not very distinct, but a discoidal and second cubital cell are present. The junction between the thorax and gaster is not clear. Long 5 mm.; head and thorax together 2°5 mm. ; discoidal cell, which touches the second cubital cell, *5 mm.; first cubital on discoidal *3 mm. ; second cubital at apex *2 mm. Oligocene at Gurnet Bay (Brodie). Holotype, (a. 12), I. 8744 (Pl. V. fig. 1), and its counter- part (a. 13), I. 9936; paratype, (a. 11), I. 9325 (PI. V. fig. 2). Allin Brit. Mus. Named after my friend Professor W. M. Wheeler, in recognition of his splendid work on the ants of the Baltic amber (1914). Tribe PONERINYI, Forel. Genus EuPonerA, Forel. Subgenus Mesoponera, Emery. Euponera (Mesoponera) crawleyt, sp. n. Head, thorax, scale, gaster, one antenna, and traces of several legs present. The head is triangular but indistinct in detail, the jaws and eyes not being indicated. The antenna is thickened towards the apex. The scale is high and narrower at the apex. The segments of the gaster fairly distinct, the first segment not strongly constricted. Long 4 mm. Oligocene at Gurnet Bay (Brodie). Holotype, if 8675, in Brit, Mus. CPi V. fig. ahs I have placed this specimen in A/esoponera with considerable hesitation. It shows the lateral view and resembles specimens of this genus when seen in profile. I have named the species after my friend Mr. W. C. Crawley, in recognition of kind suggestions made by him concerning these difficult fossil ants. Mesoponera is widely distributed, occurring in Africa, India, Australia, New Zealand, and America. Genus Ponera, Latreille. Ponera minuta, sp. n. This small ant appears to me to be a Ponera. The head is raised in front, one fore and one hind wing are present ; 86 Mr. H. St. J. K. Donisthorpe on but the neuration is quite indistinguishable. The pedicel is also indistinct. Traces of two legs are present. Long 2 mm.; fore wing, long 2 mm.; hind wing, long 1:2 mm. ; head, fone ‘5 mm. ations ae ; gaster cyan: Oligocene at ‘Gumet Bay (Br odie). Holotype, (D. 1), 1. 9734 in Brit. Mus. (PI. V. fig. 4). The Ponera atavia of the Baltic amber is said ‘to be so similar to the recent Ponera coarctata, which occurs in Britain, that it is almost impossible to distineuish the two by any satisfactory characters. It isa larger. insect than P. minuta, and measures about 3°6 min. in length. Genus EMPLASTUS, nov. (¢u7Xaords, imprinted.) Diagnosis. A Ponerine with eyes small and close to the base of the mandibles, mandibles without teeth. Genotype. E. emery. Eimplastus emery?, sp. n. This specimen shows the head, which is distinctly outlined, part of the thorax, part of one front wing, and traces of two legs. "The species comes near to Myopias, Roger, but the man- dibles, which in that genus possess two small teeth, appear to be quite without teeth. The eyes are small and are placed close to the base of the mandibles. Head 2 mm. long and 2:3 mm. broad ; transverso-medialis to basal corner x dis- coidal cell ‘7 mm., discoidal cell, which touches the second cubital, 1 mm. long ; second cubital cell, long 1:2 mm. ; first cubital cell on discoidal ‘8 mm.; basalis on first cubital *3 mm.; second cubital cell at apex ‘6 mm. Oligocene at Gurnet Bay (Hooley). Holotype, (a. 30), H. 129, in coll. Hooley (PI. V. fig. 5). Named in honour of Professor C. Emery, in recognition of his valuable work on the ants of the Sicilian amber ( (1891); and also for kindly pointing out to me the position of this and some other species of these fossil ants, from sketches I sent to him. Only two species of Myopias are known; they occur in Ceylon and New Guinea respectively, and both are very rare, British Oligocene Ants. 87 Subfamily DozrczopeErraz, Forel. Tribe DOLICHODERINI, Emery. Genus DoLicHopERvs, Lund. The genus Dolichoderus is very widely distributed now, and occurs in Europe but not in Britain. Only one genus and species of the subfamily Dolichoderinae—Tapinoma erraticum, Latr.—is found in Britain to-day. From the Baltic amber Wheeler mentions nine species of Dolichoderus, described from over five hundred and eighty specimens. Cockerell based three species on four specimens that he had before him from the Gurnet Bay deposit. The wings of the latter species differ as follows :—In D. brit- annicus the base of the radial cell is vertical and level with the end of the second cubital cell, the latter touching both the radial and the discoidal cells. In D. anglicus the second cubital cell is petiolate above, not reaching the radial, and also failing to reach the discoidal cell; I have not found any specimens of this species among my material. In D. ovigerus the base of the radial cell is vertical and practically level with the end of the second cubital cell; the latter touches the radial cell, but fails to reach the discoidal cell. Dolichoderus britannicus, Cockerell (1915, p. 483). There are fifteen specimens which I refer to this species, some being perfect wings, others complete bodies with parts of wings, and some only fragments of wings. One deiilated female [(a. 22), I. 8695], which is very like Cockerell’s figure of a lateral section, may be a small specimen of this species. In one large specimen [(a. 4), I. 10142] showing the lateral aspect, the outline and segments of the body are very clear, but only half the fore wing is present. One wing [(a. 23), H. 279] appears to be a variety, for, though it agrees in all other respects, the base of the radial cell is not level with the end of the second cubital cell, but comes before it. The measurements of the specimens are as follows :—Length 4-5-7 mm. ; fore wing, long 6-6°5 mm. ; transverso-medialis to basal corner of discoidal cell *5-"7 mm.; basalis on first cubital -3--5 mm.; discoidal cell, long 6-8 mm.; second cubital cell, long ‘7-1'°5 mm. ; radial cell, long 1-7-2 mm, ; first cubital cell on discoidal *5--7 mm.; second cubital, width at apex *3-"6 mm. Oligocene at Gurnet Bay (Brodie, A’ Court Smith, and Hooley). 88 Mr. H. St. J. K. Donisthorpe on Other specimens than those already mentioned are :— 1 S751, 1. 9185, I. 10257, 1 102821. 10329, slats it, In. 17315, H. 114, H. 117, H. 262, H. 440, H. 497. Dolichoderus ovigerus, Cockerell (1915, p. 484). I consider the under-mentioned seven specimens to belong to this species. The range of measurements is as follows :— Length 4:5-6 mm.; fore wing, long 4°7-7 mm. ; transverso- medialis to basal corner of diseoidal cell, long ‘5-7 mm. ; basalis on first cubital cell 3 mm. ; discoidal cell, long *6- ‘7 mm.; second cubital cell, long *7-Lmm.; radial cell, long 1:2-1'8 mm.; first cubital cell on discoidal *5-6 mm. ; second cubital cell at apex ‘5-6 mm.; base of second cubital to apical corner of discoidal °3--5 mm. Oligocene at Gurnet Bay (Brodie, A’Court Smith, and Tlooley). I. 8861, I. 9198,. 1. 9347, 1.9354, I. 10348, In. 17274, H. 374. Dolichoderus vectensis, sp. Ns The holotype shows outline of head, thorax, pedicel, and gaster, and one leg complete ; trace of one fore wing showing discoidal cell; and a bit of one antenna. Head pointed behind; epinotum with a spine; petiole large.and pointed above ; gaster with segments very distinct. Long 5-6 mm.; discoidal cell °5 mm. long; first cubital on discoidal *3 mm. Oligocene at Gurnet Bay (Brodie). Holotype, (a. 14), I. 9198, in Brit. Mus. (Pl. V. fig. 6). Dolichoderus gurnetensis, sp. 1. In the unique specimen the head is separated from the body, but lies near it, and parts of a fore and hind wing are present. The thorax, scale, and gaster, two perfect legs, and parts of others can be seen. The scale is large and high, the second cubital cell long, and the discoidal cell, which touches it, oblong. The base of the radial cell is slanting, not forming a straight line with the apex. of the second cubital cell. The insect measures (with head) 5°5 mm. long; discoidal cell, long -7 mm. ; second eubital cell, long 1 mm. ; first cubital on discoidal ‘5 mm.; basalis on first cubital ‘3 mm. ; second cubital ell ‘at apex ‘D mm. Oligocene at Gurnet Bay (Brodie). Holotype, (a. 17), I. 9755, in Brit. Mus. (Pl. V. fig. 7). British Oligocene Ants. 89 Subfamily Camupoworrwaz, Forel. Tribe FORMICINI, Forel. Genus LEUCOTAPHUS, nov. (Acuxés, white, tapos, tomb.) Diagnosis. A Formicine with small head, very small dis- coidal cell, and long cubital cell. The wings are similar to those of Formica and Acanthomyops, but the discoidal cell is much smaller in proportion and the cubitus and radius veins join each other at the apex of the cubital cell—not a little before it, as is usually the case with Formica and the subgenera Donisthorpea, Chthonolasius, ete., of Acanthomyops. Genotype. Leptothorax gurnetensis, Cockerell (1915). Leucotaphus gurnetensis (Cockerell). Syn. Leptothorax gurnetensis, Cockerell, 1915, p. 485, pl. Ixv. figs, 4, 5. Cockerell had before him only a not quite complete fore wing and part of another (which he considered a variety) ; and, as he himself writes, ‘‘ This seems to be a Leptothoraw, but I have only the wings to judge from.” Unfortunately the fragments described by Cockerell will have to be the holoty pes of this species and variety. Many of the specimens in the large series I have studied are nearly complete. Most of the winged specimens present the lateral aspect, others the dorsal, with the wings expanded. ‘The wings are generally complete and the neuration very distinct. The species is, of course, a Camponotine, and not a Myrmicine, there being only a single joint to the pedicel, which bears a scale, as in Formica, Acanthomyops, ete. L. gurnetensis closely resembles Formica primitiva, Heer (1850), from the Oeningen beds; but, apart trom the generic distinction, it is much smaller. I have seen some eight workers, nearly all of them being on the same piece of rock as winged specimens. The head is small, the scale distinct, and some parts of the legs are present, but the general outline is not very clear. ‘The length is 2-2°7 mm. (PI. V. fig. 80). There is also what I consider to be the cocoon on the same block as a winged ant of this species [(b. 71), I. 9343 (Pi. V. fig.8a)]. It measures 3 mm. in length and is shaped as in Aeanthomyops. Whieeler found cocoons with Formica and Acanthomyops in the Baltic amber. The variation in measurements of these ants is as follows :— Length 2°5-3°5 mm. ; fore wing, long 2:8-3:7 mm.; hind 90 Mr. H. St. J. K. Donisthorpe on wing, long 1°5-2°5 mm.; upper end of transverso-medialis to lower end of basalis 1°5-2'°5 mm.; lower side of discoidal cell -2—-3 mm. ; cubital cell, long -7-1 mm. There are several larger specimens which may be the females of this species, this sex being, on that view, larger than the male, as in some of the subgenera of Acanthomyops; some are deiilated, others winged. One specimen [(b. 106), I. 10097)] is very perfect, showing well the segments of the thorax and gaster. It possesses the small head and discoidal cell of the smaller specimens, as well as a similar wing- neuration. Its measurements are:—Long 4:5 mm.; fore “wing 4 mm.; hind wing 3 mm.; transverso-medialis to basalis ‘6 mm.; discoidal cell, lower side °3 mm.; cubital cell, long 1°1 mm. A few specimens possess a larger discoidal cell, and agree with Cockerell’s var. a; in specimen (b. 64), I. 9082, a female 4°5 mm. in length, the lower side of the discoidal cell is ‘7 mm. long. Oligocene at Gurnet Bay (Brodie, A’Court Smith, and Hooley). Plesiotype, (b. 72), I. 9756 (Pl. V. fig. 8). Ergatotype, (b. 56), I. 9744. Other workers, (b. 101), 1210248 ; (b. 104), 1. 9688 = .(b. 107), Im: 17250"; (b. 108), 1.87225 (b. 109), 1. 9483; (b. 116), YE: 168; (b. 117), H. 450. Cockerell’s var. a is represented by: (b. 7), I. 81026 ; (br15);20.17202's {b. 11), in217 298. Other specimens :— I.: 7286, 8539, 8677, 8678, 8681, 8684, 8698, 8719, 8724, 8728, 8735, 8736, 8737, 8740, 8759, 8764, 8765, 8889, 8927, 8972 (b. 105, b. 113), 8994, 8999, 9013, 9037, 9039, 9142, 9163, 9168, 9184, 9218, 9231, 9242, 9246, 9250, 9266, 9275, 9281, 9285, 9295, 9299, 9332, 9351, 9353, 9356, 9369, 9386, 9406, 9511, 9526, 9578, 9584, 9593, 9632, 9653, 9667, 9677, 9718, 9723, 9746,-9751, 9762, 9763, 9774, 9778, 9796 (PI. V. fig. 9); 9823;°9847, 9869, 9889; 9900,°9908; 9918; 9930, 9958, 9996, 10005, 10006, 10018, 10040, 10:03, 10120, 10123, 10127, 10185, 10215, 10256, 10258, 10265, 10341. In.: 17066, 17084, 17106, 17175, 17181, 17203, 17213, 17227, 17250, 17281, 17318, 19602. HS 1990489, 377: Leucotaphus cockerelli, sp. n. Two large specimens agree in structure and neuration with British Oligocene Ants. 9% the genotype. They possess the small head, small discoidal cell, long cubital cell, etc., but are considerably larger, and it is, perhaps, best to treat them as a distinct species. One [I. 9028] is a detilated female, 5°5 mm. long; the other [ I. 8517] is winged, and is 6 mm. long; fore wing 6 mm. ; hind wing 3°5 mm. Although the neuration of the wing is clear enough to show its correspondence with that of J. gurne:- ensis, it is too indistinct for exact measurement. Oligocene at Gurnet Bay (Brodie). Flolotype, (bs 115), E850 (Bravia fie. 10). Paratype, (b. 64), I. 9028. Tribe OECOPHYLLINYI, Forel. Genus OrcopHyLLa, I. Smith. This genus occurs at the present day in Africa, India (with Ceylon ete.), Australia, and New Guinea. These ants are famous on account of their interesting habit of employing their larvee to sew together the leaves and other materials of which their nests are constructed. Wheeler (1914), in his most important work on the ants of the Baltic amber, mentions two species—O. brisckei, Mayr, of which he had examined thirty-six workers and two males (which he describes), and O. brevinodis, newly described from a single worker. Himery (1891) described the worker of another species—O. sicu/a—from the Sicilian amber, and Cockerell based three more species on five specimens from the Isle of Wight deposit. Oecophylla megarche, Cockerell (1915, p. 486). Of the large series of Oecophylla I have seen from the Gurnet Bay locality, forty-two specimens appear to belong to this species. Cockerell gives the length of the fore wing as 20°5 mm. ; but his specimen, which unfortunately has to be the holotype, is not complete. In the complete wings before me (some nine specimens) the length varies from 22 to 24°5 mm., the other measurements of the cells and veins varying in propor- tion. ‘The upper section of the basalis is longer than that of the lower, and the two sections are in a straight line. The length of the hind wing described by Cockerell is 16 mm. ; that of three hind wings which I have examinedis 18mm. It may be worth while to mention that the length of the fore wing in the modern Oecophylla smaragdina is about 16 mm. and that of the hind wing 10 mm. 92 Mr. H. St. J. K. Donisthorpe on Cockerell describes the head of a female with long massive jaws and part of the body. I have seen three deilated females: one specimen [Il. 8702] exhibits the head with massive jaws, outline of thorax, petiole and gaster, and part of the femora of all six legs. A number of eggs are visible within the gaster. Its measurements are as follows :—Length 12°5 mm.; petiole 1:2 mm.; gaster, long 3°5 mm., broad 3 mm.; head, long 3 mm., broad 2°55 mm. The second specimen [I. 8711] possesses the left intermediate leg com- plete. It measures :—Length 12°7 mm.; head, long 3 mm., broad 2°6 mm. ; petiole 15 mm.; gaster, long 3°5 mm., broad 4mm. The third specimen [I. 9335] consists only of a thorax, petiole, and part of the gaster with some of the segments visible, and a bit of one femur. A specimen of part of a winged female [In. 17313] shows the head with large jaws and eyes, thorax with scutellum fairly distinct, and traces of three wings, the petiole, and the two anterior legs. The head is 3 mm. long and 2°7 mm. broad. Oligocene at Gurnet Bay (Brodie, A’ Court Smith, Hooley). Plesiotype (wing) (no. 63), I. 8882 (Pl. V. fig. 11); plesiotype (dedlated 9) (no. 6), I. 8702 (PI. V. fig. 12). Other specimens :— I.: 8335, 8705, 8708, 8711, 8797, 8806, 9151, 9548, 9655, 10368, 10386. In.: 17085, 17115, 17233, 17241, 17243, 17273, 17313; 17342, 17416, 17418, 17419, 17420. Hz 27-2, 89,797 ,.98,, 99,100, 102, 105; Dll stds. log. 327, 370, 392, 420, 483. On one fragment of rock [ (68), I. 9613], bearing remains of Oecophylla wings, are several specimens of what appear to be workers. These are indistinct, but show the outline of a head, thorax, petiole and gaster, and some legs, which may well belong to Ovcophylla. These ants are small, being only 3°5 mm. in length (the smallest worker of O. smaragdina in my collection measures 4 mm.), and I am quite unable to decide to which of Cockerell’s other species they should be referred. I should say they were too small for O. megarche. I have been quite unable to satisfy myself to which of Cockerell’s other species the rest of the two: hundred and forty-five specimens of O8ecophylla belong. They are all smaller than specimens of UO. megarche. A chart of the measurements shows that they vary in every possible way— in size, size of wings, and all other measurements. Nor does it appear to me that any good purpose would be served by creating a number of new species, which would probably embrace or overlap Cockerell’s O. atavina and O. perdita. British Oligocene Ants. 93 Tribe CAMPONOTINYI, Forel. Genus Camponotus, Mayr. Subgenus CoLoBopsis, Mayr. Camponotus (Colobopsis) brodiet, sp. 0. One specimen appears to me to be a soldier of Colobopsis, on account of the square anterior truncation of its head. The head, thorax, scale, and gaster, three legs, and a part of one antenna are present. Length 4°5 mm.; head, long 1:7 mm.; breadth in middle of head 1°3 mm., at apex *7 mm. Oligocene at Gurnet Bay (Brodie). Holotype, (D. 2), I. 9551, on same block as an Ocecophylla ; in brits Mus. (Pl. Vig, 13). Wheeler (1914) described a new genus Dryomyrmex, with two species, from the Baltic amber. At first he regarded them as belonging to the subgenus Colobopsis of Camponotus, but he found that the different structure of the antenne and frontal carinze placed them near Aphomyrmex. Such cha- racters as these are unfortunately not visible in specimens imbedded in rock. He points out that the structure of the head ete. shows that the ants lived in cavities of twigs, in oak-galls, or in abandoned insect-galleries in solid wood, like the species of Colobopsis. WORKS REFERRED TO. AvoupH, KE. 1880. “ Ueber das Flugelgeider des Lasius wmbratus, Nyl.” Verh. Ver. Rheinl., xxxvil. pp. 35-53. Bropir, P. B. 1895, “ Tertiary Fossil Ants in the Isle of Wight.” ‘Nature,’ li. p. 570. CocKERELL, T.D. A. 1915. “British Fossil Insects.” Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xlix. pp. 469-499. DonistHorPE, H. Sr. J. K. 1915. ‘British Ants, their Life-history and Classification.’ Plymouth: Brenden & Son, Ltd. Emery, C. 1891. ‘Le Formiche dell’ ambra siciliana nel museo mineralogico dell’ Universita di Bologna.” Mem. Ace. Se. Bologna, v. pp. 141-165. Heer, O. 1850. ‘“ Die Insektenfauna der Tertiiirgebilde von Oeningen und von Radoboj in Croatien.” Denkschr, Schweiz. Ges. Naturw., xi. pp. 1-264. Westwoop, J. O. 1854. “Contributions to Fossil Entomology.” Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. Lond., x. pp. 3878-396, Wueetre, W.M. 1914. “The Ants of the Baltic Amber.” Schrift. Physik-dkonom, Gesell. Konigsberg, lxv, pp. 1-142. Woopwarp, H. 1879. ‘On the Occurrence of Branchipus (or Chiro- cephalus) in a Fossil State, associated with Eospheroma and with numerous Insect Remains, in the Eocene Freshwater (Bembridge) Limestone of Gurnet Bay, Isle of Wight.” Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, Lond., xxxv. pp. 342-350, 94 Messrs. M. A. C. Hinton and P. S. Kershaw on EXPLANATION OF PLATE V. The figures are drawn by Miss O. F. Tassart, with guidance from the author’s sketches and under his direction. The magnification given is linear and is only approximate. Ig. 1. Syntaphus wheeleri, sp. n., holotype. I. 8744. x 7°7 Ing. 2. Ditto, paratype. TOS 26,09% 7°7 Fig. 3. Euponera (Mesoponera) crawley?, sp. n., holotype. T8679. xX 1:3; Fig, 4. Ponera minuta, sp. n., holotype. 1S Siok. ax od, Ig. 5. Emplastus emeryi, sp. n., holotype. HH. 1297 ©7472. tig. 6. Dolichoderus vectensis, sp. n., holotype. TPOLIS 7) ow; Lig. 7. Dolichoderus gurnetensis, sp. n., holotype. 1 OTSOS XT. vg. 8. Leucotaphus gurnetensis (Cockerell), 1.97560 xX 73! Fig 8a. Ditto, cocoon. I. 9343. x 2°8. Fig. 86. Ditto, worker. I, 9744. x 4°. Fg. 9, Ditte. PE S796> Xx 73. Fg. 10. Leucotaphus cockerelli, sp. n. T8817. :(X 1553; Zig. 11. Ocvcophylla megarche, Cockerell, wing. I. 8882, x 2°7, Fg. 12. Ditto, deilated female. I. 8702. x 4, Lig. 18. Camponotus (Colobopsis) brodiei, sp. n., holotype. I. 9561. x 6. VI.—On a Oollection of Mammals from the Dinka Country, Bahr-el-Djebel. By Martin A. C. HINTON and P. 8. KERSHAW. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) In 1918 and 1919 Major J. Stevenson Hamilton made a collection of mammals trom the banks of the Bahr-el-Djebel, northwards from Lado. He presented his specimens to the Wellcome Research Laboratory at Khartoum, and they have now been sent to the British Museum for determination. ‘The collection is one of considerable interest, and it materially increases our knowledge of the fauna of this region. 1. Eidolon helvum, Kerr. o. 181 (immature). Duk. Dinka name “ Alik.” 2. Nycteris hispida, Schreb. 3. 79, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89; 2. 80, 81,82. Kon- gor, 60 miles north of Bor. 3. 95, 96,97. Duk Fagwil, Dinka Country. Gita, igo. awbuk WE adiate Mammals from the Dinka Country, Bahr-el-Djebel. 95 S$. 91; 9. 90,92. Dinka Country, 40 miles north of Bor. Dinka name “ Alik.” 3. Rhinolophus fumigatus eloguens, K. Andersen. ?. 119. Yei, Lado Enclave, 70 miles west of Nile and 150 miles from Lake Albert. 4, Lavia frons affinis, And. & Wrought. @ 00,07, 60; 9. 58, GI. eMongalla. oe l45, Duk: ?. 190. Conglei. Dinka name “ Alik.”’ Generally found in trees, but occasionally in huts. The contents of the stomachs of two specimens were examined, aud found to consist of mosquitos and small flies. 5. Cherephon pumilus, Cretasch, 6. 23, 35, 50, 51, 55,65; 2. 9a, 52, 53,63. Mongalla. Eoe7O. Tt, 10 114; “9. 219, LIS. Bor. 3. 9b (mummy). All caught in houses or huts. 6. Laphozous hamiltoni, Thos. @. 118 (the type). Mongalla. This species was described from this collection by Mr. Thomas last January (supra, p. 142). 7. Crocidura nyanse, Neumann, O. 72, 125, 127, 138, 1438; 9. 136, 146,185. Bor. 9.44. Mongalla. The material ig not sufficient to allow of more precise determination. 8. Crocidura sericea, Sund. ?. 18. Badigeru Swamp, east of Mongalla. 2. 25, 37. Mongalla. eee On WHOL ECT... - Duk: Dinka name “ Y éiin.” 9. Crocidura turba nilotica, Heller. @. Badigeru Swamp, east of Mongalla. 9. Mongalla, Gk 6:2 96 Messrs. M. A. C. Hinton and P. 8S. Kershaw on 10. Croctdura lutrella, Heller. 3. 2,66. Mongalla. 11. Genetta stuhlmanni, Matsch. 6.15639 9. 150. Dak. 2. 99. Duk Fagwil. Oe io. Bor. Dinka name “ Angong ;”’ Nuer name “ gong.” 12. Genetta wequatorialis, Heugl. &. 39, 73. Mongalla. 9.41. Luri River, 10 miles west of Lado. 13. Civettictis civetta, Schreb. 183. Bor. 14, Herpestes ichneumon, Linn. 3. 54,64. Mongalla. 2, 149, 151, 152. Dak: Nuer name ‘ Lunchi.” It is possible that these should be referred to Osgood’s I. i. funestus; the following are the dental measurements of no. 64:—canine to ™3 84:2 mm; 2? 5:3x2°8; 2% 10:3; MAS | Gara Oo Oe 15. Herpestes sanguineus, Riipp. 3. 26. Mongalla. 16. Ichneumia albicauda leucura, Hemp. & Ehr. Oe L28E ee. ARS Aor: A skin collected at Khartoum by Mr. H. H. King. The Khartoum specimen is small, light-coloured, with a white tail, Those from Bor are large, dark-coloured, with biack tails; their cranial and dental measurements are as follows :— Condylo-basal Canine length. ROC a 2B LUT mM. 2s Lear 105 4] 98 8-4 66 x 4°1 mm. 129) 23% 101°'8 392 9:2 81 63x39 Mammals from the Dinka Country, Bahr-el-Djebel. 97 17. Mungos gotneh, Fitz. g9o. Bor ?. 182. North of Bor. Dinka name * Ador.”’ Pocock (P. Z. 8. 1916, p.349) has shown that the African banded mongooses are not congeneric with Crossarchus, and he therefore revived Gray’s Arie/a for their reception. But quite recently Allen (Journ. of Mamm. i. p. 27) has recalled the fact that the genus Mungos was primarily established upon an African banded mongoose. Therefore Mungos becomes the generic name of the animal called in recent years “ Crossarchus fasciatus”? and its allies; while the time- honoured Herpesies is restored to the true mongooses, 18. Canis thooides, Hiltz. ClO bor. For the determination of this specimen we are indebted to Mr. Thomas. It has been transferred to the National Collec- tion by the Wellcome Research Laboratory, and it is,a note- worthy accession, because this interesting Jackal was previously unrepresented in the British Museum. 19. Heliosciurus multicolor madoge, Heller. 2a. A skin collected by Mr. J. H. Miller at Kajo Kaji, on the west bank of the Bahr-el-Djebel, 15 or 20 miles from the river and 60 miles south of Rejat. Practically topotypical. 20. Taterona benvenuta, sp. n. . 47; 2. 20, 21, 24, 27, 28, 33, 34, 48,49. Mongalla. . 94. 40 miles north of Bor. . 98; 2.100. Duk Fagwil. . 164, 168, 178, 180. Duk. . 194. Lang. ; Dinka name “* Ayom.” Caught in grass and undergrowth. The following specimens, presented by Mr, A. L. Butler to the British Museum, are also referable to this species :— 6. 8. 7.13.3. Bor; collected by Dr. Wenyon. 2 ad. andjuv. 8. 4. 2. 20-21. Chak-chak, Bahr-el-Ghazal. Hab.—Bahr-el-Djebel ; ranging south to Lake Albert and west to the neighbourhood of Dem Zubeir, Bahr-el-Ghazal. — Type.—An adult female (B.M. 20. 4.26.27; original no, 49) collected at Mongalla, Jan. 18, 1918, by Major J. Stevenson Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 7 +0 Oy OY OF OY 98 Messrs. M. A. C. Hinton and P. S. Kershaw on Hamilton; presented to the British Museum by the Wellcome Research Laboratory. Description.—This is a medium-sized sober-hued species, differing externally from 7. robusta and its allies by having no tuft to the tail and in its skull by the more nearly ortho- dont incisors and truncated rostrum, the nasals ending almost flush with the anterior surfaces of the incisors instead of projecting noticeably beyond them. Size medium (average of ten adults: head and body 138 mm. ; tail 155; hind foot 32). Tail clothed throughout with short stiff hairs (black or dark brown above, pure white below), which do not com- pletely conceal the annulations on the upper surface. At the tip these hairs become a little longer and finer, projecting for 2 to 3 mm. beyond the last vertebra; but there is no pencil or dorsal fringe as in robusta or macropus. Colour of upper surface much duller, than in the species with fringed tails. Ground-colour near “ clay-colour,” much darkened by black hair-tips on top of head and along mid- dorsum ; gradually brightening on flanks to dull’ buff. Underparts sharply contrasted, pure white. Feet and hands white above. ‘Tail dusky above, dirty white below. Skull_—With nearly orthodont, rather broad, shallowly grooved upper incisors. Anterior blades of premaxille, between incisors and nasals, little developed. Nasals rela- tively short, not projecting far in advance of anterior faces of incisors ; occipito-nasal and nasal lengths respectively equal to 108-110 °/, and 43-45 °/, of condylo-incisive length ; in robusta the corresponding dimensions are equal to 114-115 °/, and 49-52 °/,. Brain-case relatively narrow and deep. Dimensions of type and of no. 94 (an old 3, in parentheses) :—Head and body 169 (158) mm. ; tail 175 (—); hind foot (on skins) 34 (35) ; ear 19 (21). Skull: condylo-incisive length 37:2 (39:7); occipito-nasal length 41:1 (42°8); nasals 16°63:9 (17'8X3'8); zygomatic breadth 20°8 (—); interorbital breadth 6-1 (65); cranial width 16;8 (16°8) ; median occi- pital depth 10°9 (11: I); bulla 11-6 x 6:8 (12x 7) # gental length 20°6 (22) ; molars (crowns) 6°3 (6: 4). Remarks.—One of us lately has been paying much atten- tion to this difficult genus. In the countries bordering the Nile and in Hast Africa Taterona shows a tendency to split into two well-marked groups. In one of these groups the tail is fringed and the coloration usually bright or intense ; and these external characters are correlated with protruding nasals, large premaxillary outgrowths, opisthodont incisors, aud small cheek-teeth. In the other the tail-has no fringe Mammals from the Dinka Country, Bahr-el-Djebel. 99 and the colour is dull, while the skull has a truncated rostrum, with short nasals and small premaxillary outgrowths, ortho- dont incisors, and large molars. TZ. robusta (including murinus, Sund.), macropus, nigricauda, and mombase are typical members of the first group ; while benvenuta, flavipes, soror, and liodon (with its nearest allies) are representative of the second. In South Africa the distinction between the two groups seems to break down or is less marked. This may, however, be merely an appearance, for it is possible that one of the two groups may be missing from the country south of the Zambezi. If such be the case, the group actually present there must fill all the accommodation available for the genus ; and therefore it would not tend to be specialized in either of the two directions as is necessitated elsewhere by competition. The absence of rivals weakens allegiance. T. flavipes and soror, described from the banks of the Blue Nile by Mr. G. M. Allen, are clearly nearly related to ben- venuta. In the absence of material from the Blue Nile we are unable to make a proper eomparison ; flavipes is, how- ever, a considerably larger form than ours, while sorvor would seem to be smaller, brighter in colour, and to have relatively smaller bullee. ~ We would take this opportunity to describe 21. Taterona benvenuta lucia, subsp. n. TTab.—Musisi River, Lake Albert. Altitude 2400 feet. Type.—An old female (B.M. 11. 12. 9. 34), collected with a male in February 1911, and presented to the British Museum by Mr. Gilbert Blaine. This differs from the typical form of the Bahr-el-Djebel by iis smaller size, shorter tail, and darker colour. With regard to the difference in size, the lind foot measures 30-31 mm., instead of about 34 as in adults of the typical form; and the condylo-incisive length of the very old female skull is 37°8 instead of about 40 mm. ‘he tail is about equal to the length of the head and body, instead of being appreciably greater. The back is much more completely and extensively darkened by the black hair-tips than in true benvenuta. Skull.—General form as in true benvenuta, but smaller and wit relatively broader brain-case ; incisors with still weaker grooves. Dimensions of the type and ¢ (in parentheses) :—Head and body 150 (151) mm.; tail 151 (162) ; hind foot 30 (31); ear 19 (21). ia 100 Messrs. M. A. ©. Hinton and P. 8. Kershaw on Skull: condylo-incisive length 37:8 (36:9); occipito-nasal length 40:7 (40:2) ; nasals 17-2 x 4:5 (16 x 4'1) ; zygomatic breadth 20:8 (20°3) ; inter- orbital breadth 6°8 (6:4); cranial width 17:1 (17:1); median occipital depth 10:7 (10°4) ; bulla 11°3 x 67 (11:3 x 6:9) ; dental length 21:1 (20°6) ; molars (crowns) 6°3 (6°7). 22. Taterillus emini, Thos. 9.132. Aliab Country, west of Nile. Caught in forest near river. 23. Cricetomys gambianus, subsp. ? 195. Loka, west of Rejaf. No skull. One of the harsh-furred group. 24. Rattus alghazal, Wrought. @. 42. Luri River, 10 miles west of Lado. - ¢. 43. Luaba, 2 miles west of Lado. 25. Rattus (Mastomys) sp. dG. 159, 160; 161; 162, 165; 166) 167, 173; avo, iG: 9. 154, 155, 163, 169, 172,174. Duk. &. 17, 101, 102, 107, Aa0, 140-184 186; 9. 4eaie: 105, 131, 144. Bor. . 4, 13, 16@,.31,417; 2. 15;.32. -Monealla . 183. Aliab Country, west of Nile, opposite Bor. . 184. Kenisa, . 141. Rengko. . 148. Kongor. . 40. Luuri Kiver, 10 miles west of Nile, near-Lado. Dinka name “Lok” (that given for 148 is “Kun”’). Cap- tured in or near villages. +0 +0 40 40 40 O45 26. Grammomys macmillani gazelle, Thos. 3g. 36. Mongalla ; captured in long grass. ?. 139. Bor; captured in forest about 1 mile from river. 27. Leggada bella (subsp. ?). g. 122. Kenisa, Bahr-el-Djebel. 0. 120. Duk. Caught in grass near forest. These differ a good deal from each other and may represent distinct subspecies. Mammals from the Dinka Country, Bahr-el-Djebel. 101 28. Acomys wilsoni argillaceus, subsp. n. 38. Mongalla. Oe LOS.) Bor: Type-—B.M. 20. 4. 26.15, original no, 38. Collected 2nd June, 1918, by Major Stevenson Hamilton ; presented to the National Collection by the Wellcome Research Laboratory. Captured in scrub and undergrowth. Size a little less than in Acomys wilsoni, Thos., from which it also differs in its less rufous colouring. Spines thick, annulated, their extreme tips being “ seal-brown,” succeeded by a broad band of “clay-colour,” which is followed by “orey ” (no. 6, Ridgway) to the base. General colour very similar to that of A. w. ablutus, Dollm., but lighter owing to the clay-coloured annulations being broader in our animal. Skull very much as in A. wiélsont, conspicuously larger than in A. w. ablutus. Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh):—Head and body 76 mm.; tail 51; hind foot 12; ear 10. Skull, type and no. 108 (in parentheses) : condylo-incisive length 22-4 (23°2) ; occipito-nasal length 24°6 (—) ; zygomatic breadth 12-1 (12:1) ; interorbital constriction 4°5 (4°5); breadth of brain-case 11:1 (11:1); length of anterior palatal foramina 6 (5°7); dental length 11°8 (12); molars (crowns) 3°5 (3'8). Remarks.—This member of the wilsonz group is geographi- cally isolated, its nearest neighbours on the north and south being A. witherbyi and A. hystrella, from both of which it differs widely in size and colour. 29. Arvicanthis abyssinicus rubescens, Wr. Bo mGt, o. 9993. Se 3,0, 10, Ll 12) 13, 14) 305°45, 46; 124. Mongalla. lS, 105,123, 1265" 9s 104, 135, 1375) Bor. 30. Lemniscomys zebra, Heugl. . 16,19. Badigeru Swamp, 20 miles east of Mongalla, . 62. Mongalla. = i egat. +0 OF OY 102 Mr. M. A. C. Hinton on the VIL.—The Specivs of Pedetes inhabiting Angola. ; By Martin A, C. Hinton. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) THE existence of a jumping hare in Southern Angola has long been known. Peters (P. Z. 8. 1865, p. 400) referred an imperfect skin, collected by Dr. Welwitsch in the district of Golungo Alto, to Pedetes caffer; and later Bocage (Journ. Sci. math.-phys. nat. Lisboa, (2) no. v. (1890) p. 19) stated that “ M. de Anchieta l’a rencontrée 4 Humbe, sur le bord du Cunene, ot elle ne doit pas étre rare, car notre voyageur nous a envoyé de cette localité trois individus adultes.” No other information has been published about the Angolan springhaas, and no material has reached the British Museum hitherto. Thanks to the kindness of Mr. E. Sanders, of the British Mission at Bilé, the National Collection has been enriched recently by the skins of two females, one of the skins being accompanied by a fine skull. These specimens were obtained at Cholinde, a place 20 miles N.E. of Bihé; they come, therefore, from a district far to the north of that which yielded the material mentioned by Peters and Bocage. Mr. Sanders’s specimens prove that the Angolan animal is a close relation of P. caffer, being, with the latter, sharply differentiated from the Hast-A frican surdaster by the characters of the skull. But in colour it is far darker than any of the subspecies of P. caffer, and the skull is of peculiarly long and narrow form. It must therefore be referred to a distinct species, which may be called Pedetes angola, sp. n. Type.—An adult female (B.M. 19. 12. 19. 1) collected at Cholinde, 20 miles N.E. of Bilhé, Angola, and presented to the British Museum by Mr. E. Sanders. In size, external characters, and skull (as regards the form of the anterior palatal region and the development of the internal ear) closely agreeing with P. caffer, differing from the latter chiefly in its darker colour, harsher fur, and longer and narrower skull. Fur noticeably harsher than in caffer. General colour of upper parts darker, between dull “tawny ochraceous” and “Sudan brown,”. darkened on top of muzzle and head by numerous black hair-tips, and dulled on the back by the Species of Pedetes inhabiting Angola. 103 partly visible slaty bases of the hairs. A light area invades the flank-colour from below just in front of the thighs, as in cafer. Under parts less pure white than in cafer, the fur noticeably thinner and harsher. Hands and feet as in caffer. Colour of upper surface of proximal three-fourths of tail pure, not darkened by dark hair-tips, the tint being between dull “tawny ochraceous” and “ Sudan brown” ; lower surface of same region of tail dirty white, tinged with brown, many of the hairs towards the root of the tail having slaty bases. Terminal fourth of tail black above and below. Skull longer and relatively narrower than in P. caffer, the zygomatic arches being considerably less expanded ; zygo- matic and greatest squamosal breadths respectively equal to 69°6 °/, and 56 °/, of the condylo-basal length; in caffer (fourteen skulls belonging to three subspecies examined) the zygomatic breadth varies between 72°3 and 78:3 °/., the greatest squamosal breadth between 56°7 and 63°2 °/, of the condylo-basal length. The petro-mastoid is rather more inflated than in cafer, for the least distance between the bullz upon the upper surface of the skull amounts to no more than 26°6 °/, of the greatest squamosal breadth; the average value of this dimension in all forms of caffer is 31°7 °/,, the range being 28°5 to 84°7 °/,.. The anterior border of the interparietal is but slightly convex, almost straight, not thrown forwards as a strong: process intercalated between the parietals, as is the case in caffer and surdaster. On the ventral surface the lateral flanges of the basioccipital, abutting against the median surfaces of the auditory bullee, are much less developed than in caffer; there are two small foramina— one behind the other—in the middle line of the basisphenoid, and a larger irregular vacuity in the basioccipital. The fossa containing the anterior palatal foramina is as deep and extensive as in caffer. In profile the maxillary portion of the outer wall of the infraorbital canal is considerably broader antero-posteriorly than in any other Pedefes before me. In caffer and in surdaster the hinder part of the jugal bears a well-marked impression for the origin of the ‘ postero- superior almost horizontal” portion of the masseter (ateralis muscle (figured by Tullberg, ‘Taf. x. fig. 8), and the ventral border of the bone is produced downwards and backwards to form a well-marked angular process ; in ango/e the muscular impression in question is very feebly developed, while the angular process is lacking. Thecheek-teeth offer no tangible differences. The upper incisors are a litile less opisthodont than in caffer, but, owing to the irregular form of the incisive 104 Mr. C. T. Regan on new alveolus in this genus, the incisive angle is difficult to measure satisfactorily. Dimensions of the skull * —Condylo-basal length 80°8 mm.; occipito- nasal length 92°4; zygomatic breadth 56'1; greatest squamosal breadth 452; least distance between periotics on dorsal surface 12; nasals 35°3 x 21°56; dental length 50°6; cheek-teeth at grinding-surface 17-4. VIE .—Tiree new Fishes from the Tanganyika Territory. By C. Tate Reaan, F.R.S. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) Tur fishes described below form part of a collection made at Morogoro, Tanganyika Territory, by Mr. A. Loveridge, and have been presented by him to the Natural History Museum. Labeo loveridget, sp. n. Body compressed; depth 4 in the length; length of head 41. Snout obtusely pointed, strongly projecting beyond mouth, somewhat swollen, with scars of tubercles and with a curved transverse groove above, its length not quite } length of head. Eyes supero-lateral ; diameter 5 in length of head ; interorbital width 24, width of mouth 23 in length ef head. Inner surface of lips with transverse plicee ; lower bordered in front with a fringe of papillee ; rostral flap free at the sides, its edge crenulate ; barbel minute, hidden. Dorsal 12, with 9 branched rays, equidistant from end of snout and base of caudal; upper edge concave ; third simple and first branched ray a little longer than head. Anal 8, with 5 branched rays. Pectoral nearly as long as head, not reaching pelvic, the first ray of which is below the fourth branched ray of dorsal. ‘audal deeply emarginate. Caudal peduncle 14 as long as deep. 38 scales in lateral line, 53 from origin of dorsal to lateral line, 4 between lateral line and pelvic fin, 16 round caudal peduncle. A single specimen, 195 mm. long. This species is near L. forskalit and L. cylindricus, which have a wider mouth and the snout broadly rounded. * J am unable to give external measurements. Fishes from the Tanganyika Territory. 105 Barbus aphantogramma, sp. n. Depth of body 34 to 32 in the length, length of head 34 to 4. Snout as long as or shorter than diameter of eye, which is 34 to 4 in length of head; interorbital width 23. Mouth small, terminal; one barbel on each side, its length about $ diameter of eye. Dorsal 10-11, equidistant from eye and base of caudal ; third ray a serrated spine, about 2 length of head ; free edge of fin straight. Anal 8. Pectoral 2 to ? length of head, not reaching pelvics, which are in advance of dorsal. Caudal peduncle 12 to 2 as long as deep. Scales radiately striated, 21 to 23 in a longitudinal series, 6 or 7 between dorsal and pelvic, 10 round caudal peduncle ; lateral line absent, or reduced to 2 or 3 anterior scales with tubules. A dark lateral stripe; a dark spot at origin of dorsal, another at origin of anal, a third at base of caudal ; fins pale. Ten specimens, 30 to 38 mm. in total length. Near B. apleurogramma, Bouleng., from Lake Victoria, which has 25 scales in a longitudinal series and 8 round the caudal peduncle, a longer dorsal spine, and a different coloration. PAREUTROPIUS, gen. nov. Differs from Hutropius only in the smaller dorsal fin, of a slender spine and three branched rays. Pareutropius micristius, sp. n. Depth of body 4 to 45 in the length, length of head 5} to 6. Mouth terminal or snout slightly projecting, as long as diameter of eye, which is 34 to 33 in length of head. Band of teeth on palate continuous or narrowly interrupted in the middle. Nasal barbel 3 to # length of head, maxillary and outer mandibulary longer than head, inner mandibulary about 4 length of head. 12 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal I 3, small, well in advance of pelvics; spine slender, feebly serrated, $ to 2 length of head. Anal 53-55. Pectoral nearly or quite reaching pelvics, Caudal deeply forked. Caudal peduncle not longer than deep. Brownish (in spirit) ; a dark spot above pectoral fin; a dark stripe along lateral line and another above anal fin. Seven specimens ; total length 75-100 mm. 106 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on new IX.— Descriptions of Three new Frogs in the Collection of the British Museum. By G. A. BouLENGER, F.R.S. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) Rana hymenopus. Vomerine teeth in long, transverse, slightly arched, oblique series between the choane, originating at the anterior corners of the latter and terminating on a line with their posterior borders. Head a little broader than long, much depressed ; snout rounded, scarcely projecting, a little longer than the eye; canthus rostralis rounded; loreal region very oblique ; nostril a little nearer the eye than the tip of the snout; inter- orbital width three-fourths that of the upper eyelid; tympanum very distinct, two-thirds the diameter of the eye. Fingers rather slender, obtusely pointed, first and second equal ; subarticular tubercles rather large and very prominent. Hind limb rather slender ; tibio-tarsal articulation reaching the tip of the snout, heels overlapping when the limbs are folded at right angles to the body; tibia 43 times as long as broad, 13 times in length of head and body ; toes slender, obtusely pointed, half-webbed, three phalanges of fourth and two of third and fifth free; outer metatarsals united in the basal half ; subarticular tubercles moderately large and very prominent ; inner metatarsal tubercle oval, very prominent, one-third the length of the inner toe; no outer tubercle. Skin smooth ; a glandular fold from below the eye to the shoulder. Greyish olive above, with dark dots and irregular spots; limbs with regular dark cross-bars ; hinder side of thighs dark brown, with small yellow spots; lower parts white, throat spotted with brown. From snout to vent 57 mm. A single female specimen, labelled ‘“‘ South Africa,” pre- sented by Sir Andrew Smith. In its half-webbed toes this frog constitutes an interesting link between the typical Rane and the group Strongylopus of Tschudi. Rana pumilio. Vomerine teeth in very short oblique series close to the anterior corners of the choane. Head slightly longer than broad, much depressed ; snout obtusely pointed, projecting, slightly longer than the eye; canthus rostralis rounded ; Frogs in the B ritish Museum. 107 loreal region very oblique, feebly concave; nostril equi- distant from the eye and the tip of the snout; interorbital space as broad as the upper eyelid; tympanum very distinct, two-thirds to three-fourths the diameter of the eye. Fingers obtusely pointed, first, second, and fourth equal ; subarticular tubercles moderately large; moderately prominent. Hind limb rather short, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaching the eye, the heels meeting or very feebly overlapping when the limbs are folded at right angles to the body; tibia a little more than twice in length of head and body; toes obtusely pointed, two-thirds webbed, three phalanges of fourth and one of fifth free ; subarticular tubercles rather small, mode- rately prominent ; two small metatarsal tubercles, inner oval and about one-third the length of the first toe, outer round ; a small round tubercle on the tarsus just below the heel. Skin smooth or granulate above, with four interrupted narrow glandular folds along the back and a stronger dorso- lateral ; a glandular fold from the eye to the shoulder ; sides granulate. Greyish olive above, with a whitish vertebral band or narrow streak, the dorso-lateral folds also whitish ; back with dark spots or a dark band on each side of the light vertebral ; a dark brown band from the end of the snout to the eye, continued behind the latter as a large temporal spot ; tympanum reddish brown; a white streak along the upper lip; limbs with dark cross-bands; a white line along the inner side of the tibia; hinder side of thighs brown, with or without two interrupted white streaks; throat and belly white, lower surface of limbs. flesh-colour. Male with a blackish external vocal sac on each side of the throat, close to the mandible, as in 2. maseareniensis. The male measures 27 mm. from snout to vent, the female 31. Two specimens, the female with the body distended with eggs, were obtained by M. F. Lataste at Medine, Senegal, in September 1885. They were identified by me at the time as R. mascareniensis. The smallest African frog of the genus Rana. Inter- mediate between R. mascareniensis, D. & B., and £&. trinodis, Boettg. Microhyla latasti. Habit rather slender. Head as long as broad; snont obtusely pointed, as long as the orbit, projecting ; interorbital space much broader than the upper eyelid, a little broader than the space between the nostrils. Fingers and toes mode- 108 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on new rately elongate, the tips dilated into very small dises ; sub- articular tubercles very prominent ; ‘first finger much shorter than second; three very prominent carpal tubercles; toes one-third webbed ; two small but very prominent metatarsal tubercles, not larger than the subarticular tubercles, inner oval, outer round. Tibio-tarsal articulation reaching the eye; tibia four times as long as broad, a little more than half the length of head and body. Back with scattered small warts. Pale brown above, with a large dark brown marking, finely edged with white, from between the eyes to the vent, with three curved sinuses on each side, narrowest on the occiput, broadest on the sacral region ; no dark lateral band ; lower parts whitish, throat of male brown, darker on the ehin. From snout to vent 23 mm. Two specimens, male and female, from Saigon, Cochin China, taken by M. Holbé in 1887, formed part of the Lataste Collection. Examples of /. tnornata, Blgr., and M. achatina, Boie, were collected by M. Holbé in the same locality. The more extensive web between the toes, the more slender hind limb, and the absence of a dark lateral band readily distinguish this frog from M. achatina. X.—Descriptions of Four new Snakes in the Collection of the British Museum. By G. A. BouLENGER, F.R.S. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) Cylindrophis aruensis. Diameter of eye not quite one-third its distance from the nostril. Snout as long as the distance between the eyes. Rostral as deep as broad; nasalsin contact behind the rostral ; frontal as long as broad, as long as the prefrontals, little larger than the supraocular, larger than the parietal; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye. Scales in 24 rows; no enlarged ventrals; subcaudals 6. Reddish brown, with white transverse spots forming two alternating series on the back and cross-bars on the belly, some of which are complete, others interrupted and the two halves alter- nating ; a pair of large white blotches on the nape ; lower surface of tail white. Total length 170 mm. Snakes in the British Museum. 109 Two specimens from Aru Island, from Mr. H. Rolle’s collection. Allied to C. boulenger?, Roux, but frontal shield apparently smaller and 24 scales round the body instead of 20. Zamenis hotsoni. Snout moderately prominent, obtuse. Eye moderately large. Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring one-fourth or one-third its distance from the frontal; internasals as long as or a little shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal broader than the supraocular, once and a half to once and two-thirds as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep; one preocular, not reaching the frontal, with a subocular below it; two postoculars ; tem- porals 1+ 2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, fourth in contact with the anterior temporal ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; poste- rior chin-shields as long as or a little longer than the anterior, separated from each other by scales. Scales smooth, with a single apical pit,in 17 rows. Ventrals not angulate laterally, 196; anal divided; subcaudals 90. Pale fawn-colour or greyish above, each scale, except the outermost, with a black central shaft; head without markings ; upper lip, pre- and postoculars, outer row of scales, and lower parts yellowish white. Two specimens, the larger measuring about 500 mm., from Shiraz, presented by Major J. E. B. Hotson to the Bombay Natural History Society. ‘The smaller specimen is now in the British Museum. Distinguished from Z. gemonensis and Z. dahl by the smaller eye, from the former by the single scale-pits, from the latter by the number of rows of scales on the body and the less slender form, Elaps omissus. Kye a little shorter than its distance from the mouth. Snout obtusely pointed. Rostral large, nearly as deep as broad, its upper portion one-third its distance from the frontal ; internasals three-fifths the length of the prefrontals ; frontal twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals, which are as long as their distance from the end of the snout; one pre- and two postoculars ; posterior nasal narrowly separated from the 110 On new Snakes in the British Aluseum. preocular, the prefrontal in contact with the third upper labial ; temporals 1+ 15 seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are slightly shorter than ‘the posterior. Scales in 15 rows, Ventrals 214 5 anal divided ; subcauduls 27, the six anterior entive, ‘Tail ending in an obtuse point. ‘Ton triads of black annuli on the body, the central annulus broadest, its width equal to the space sepa- rating the triads, white spaces (in spirit) with black dots; on the belly, the black bars nearly as broad as the white ; one triad on the tail; head black above, with a white cross-band behind the eyes, the posterior three-fifths of the frontal and the anterior two-thirds of the parietals involved in it. ‘Total length 865 mm, ; tail 28. A single female specimen from Venezuela, received from Dr. F. Werner in L900, Appears to come very near L, gravenhorstit, Jan, which is only known to me from the description and figure. Leptognathus hammondit. Body slender, strongly compressed, Nye large. Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep, not visible from above ; inter- nasals about halfas long as the prefrontals ; frontal as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parictals ; nasal divided; no preocular, loreal and prefrontal entering the eye ; two large postoculars, with a small third between them and the eye ; temporals L+1 or 142; eight upper labials, third and fourth or second, third, and fourth entering tho eye, sixth very largo ; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial; two pairs of chin-shields, the anterior as long as broad, Scales in 15 rows, vertebrals enlarged, as long as broad on the posterior half of the body. Ventrals 210 5 anal entire; subcaudals 121, 15 black annuli on the body, 10 on the tail, separated by much narrower white ones ; head black, with white vermiculation on the upper head-shields, on the sides of the snout, and on the chin, white on the temples and on the occiput. Total length 410 mm. ; tail 120, A single fomale specimen from Guatea, Western Meuador, altitude 2900 feet, from the collection of Mr, G, Hammond, Near L, gracilis, Bley, likewise from Western Heuador, which it resembles in the coloration, but different in the labial and temporal scutellation and in the more cularged On Notoryctes in North-west Austratia, 114 vertebral scalos on the posterior part of the body. L. articu- lata, Cope, is described as having four pairs of chin-shields, I seize this opportunity to point out that Leptognathus copii, Gthr., is distinct from LZ. pavonina, Schleg, It has the scales in 15 rows, as stated by Giinther. The British Museum has recently acquired au second specimen, from Georgetown, British Guiana. AI,—Notoryetes in North-west Australia, By OLDFIELD ‘THOMAS. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) In 1910 Mr, Stockton, the Keeper of the Post Office at Wollal, on Ninety-mile beach, North-west Australia, captured a specimen of a Marsupial- mole (Notoryecles), an animal only previously known from Central and Southern Australia, The specimen was presented by a Mr, 8S. S. Pryor to the West Australian Museum at Perth, where it has been preserved till the present time. Now, however, by the great kindness of Messrs. Aloxander and Glauert of that Muse um, | have been allowed to make un examination of it and to compare it with our series of the more southern Volor ‘yeles typhlops. As is not surprising, considering that its locality is nearly a thousand miles from that of AV, “typhlops, the north-western form proves to be distinct specifically, and may be described as follows :— Notoryeles caurinus, sp. 0. Size rather less than in WV, typhlops. General colour above approximately “pinkish cinnamon,” slightly paler below. Cheeks, chin, and forearm more cinnamon-bulf—in fact, the colour is very much as in Stirling’s figure * of WV, typhlops. Claws and nasal pad smaller than in the latter, Skull rather smatler than that of typhlops, the reduction in size being mainly in the muzzle, which is both distinctly shorter and has a narrower nasal 1 region, the breadth across the end of the nasals about 2°4 mm. as compared with 3°2 or * Trans, Roy, Soe, 8. Australia, 1891, pl. ii 112 On Notoryctes ¢n North-west Australia. more. And the nasal opening is also less in height. Palate slightly more imperfect. Bulle rather larger. Five anterior upper teeth small and very uniform in size, a} scarcely exceeding the others, and the last of the five (probably p!) is a small simple tooth hardly equalling the canine or posterior incisors. In NV. typhlops this tooth is usually intermediate in size between these small anterior teeth and the much larger p? and p* behind it. J? touches its fellow of the opposite side, while the two are well separated in LV. typhlops. Last molar—m’—small, narrow, almost linear, scarcely showing any trace of the structure charac- teristic of the anterior molars; in LV. typhlops, on the other hand, the tooth is usually a reduced imitation of those in front of it. But the chief distinction is in the lower dentition, for JV. caurinus carries the reduction of the teeth in the anterior premolar region one stage further than oceurs in LV. typhlops. As Dr. Gadow * has shown, that species varies considerably in the development of the teeth of this region, so that different specimens have in front of the secator (fifth tooth from the back) either three full-sized teeth and a rudiment, four full- sized teeth, or four and a rudiment—in the latter cases the full number of ten lower teeth being present. But in LV. caurinus there are only three pre-secator teeth, all full- sized and not rudimentary, so that there are only eight teeth in the whole series. And these three teeth occupy but a very short space—2°8 mm.—ain correlation with the shortened muzzle of the skull, and there is no special space between the last of the three and the secator next behind it. In some groups this difference in number would be of generic or subgeneric value; but here, where we have already in the type-species a range of from what we may call 3$ to 44 teeth, commonly differing on the two sides of the jaw, the further reduction to three is clearly only of specific value. The lower molars are all rather smaller than in JV. typhlops, but there is no perceptible difference in the structure of m;. With the lesser size and smaller number of the teeth the total length of the lower tooth-row forms a very good diagnostic character of JV. caurinus. Dimensions of the type (measured on the dried skin) :— Head and body 90 mm. ; tail 125; nose-pad 9°2 x 5:7; large anterior claw 13°8 x 3°3; second large claw 12-2 x 6°7. Skull: greatest length 23°7 ; condylo-basal length 21; * P.Z. S. 1891, p. 366. On a new Genus of Echimyine. 113 zygomatic breadth 14°8 ; breadth across forehead 9°6; inter- orbital breadth 8°3; palatal length 10°5 ; breadth outside m' 9. Combined length of five small anterior teeth 4:2; combined length of four molaritorm teeth (p*-m?) 4:2; lower tooth-row 8:3 (9°8 in LV. typhlops) ; three anterior teeth 2°8 ; four molariform teeth 4°4. Hab. Wollal, N.W. Australia. Type. Adult female. Skin no. 10442 in West Australian Museum, Perth. Skull transferred by exchange to British Museum, B.M. no. 20.5. 21.1. Captured 29th August, LILO: It is a matter of very great interest to find this anomalous type of marsupial represented by a second species in the far North-west, and the authorities of the Perth Museum are deserving of our gratitude for permitting a comparison to be made of the unique Wollal specimen with the allied form of Central Australia. XII.—A new Genus of Echimyine. By OLDFIELD ‘THOMAS. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) AMONG some Amazonian mammals sent for determination by the authorities of the Goeldi Museum, Para, there occurs a single specimen of a Spiny-rat collected by Friiulein Dr. E. Snethlage on the River Tapajoz, and this proves to represent anew genus of that most interesting group. It belongs to the series of genera related to Hchimys (better known as Loncheres), and, like the greater number of them, is modified for an arboreal life. Its dentition is of the special type, called ‘‘ reduced heptamerous” by Miller, which crops up so frequently among the hystricomorph rodents, but it represents a phase of development not actually found in the Echimyina, while somewhat similar to that of Hrethizon and others. The animal’s external appearance is very striking and quite peculiar to itself. LONCHOTHRIX, gen. nov. Pelage highly spinous. Feet short. Tail tufted. Skull closely similar to that of MZesomys. Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 8 114 Mr. O. Thomas on Dentition above not specialized, in some ways very like a miniature of that of Hrethizon. Other external characters described below. Skull so like that of Mesomys hispidus that it is difficult to find any character of more than specific value. The muzzle is broader, the nasals being more parallel-sided, less tapered backwards. Interorbital region broad, with overhanging ledges. Brain-case low, smooth above, much broadened posteriorly, Malar more projected forward anteriorly than in Mesomys, about as in Lchimys, Palatal foramina longer and more open than in Mesomys. Mesopterygoid fossa narrow, reaching forward to the level of the middle of m?. Hamular processes of pterygoids narrow, scarcely spatulate at all. Bulle of average size. Incisors strong, deep from before backwards, less opistho- dont than in allied forms, the incisive angle of the type- specimen 93°, Upper cheek-teeth about as broad as long, of medium height, not hypsodont, each with two salient angles internally and four externally, the last external with an indication of subdivision, so that the full number of enamel-plates is, as usual, five. The height of the crests and the depth of the valleys between them very much as in Frethizon, to whose teeth those of Lonchothrix bear a strong resemblance in miniature, though the hollows are more linear, less broadened antero-posteriorly. Outer valleys penetrating about two- thirds across each tooth. Below the resemblance to Hrethizon disappears ; p, has five crests on its inner half, m, three and an imperfect fourth, mg and mz; three ; all have, as usual, one deep outer notch separating the two salient angles. Although less specialized, the teeth have also a certain resemblance to those of Cercomys. Genotype. Lonchothria emilie, sp. n. It is difficult to say to which of the described forms this striking new genus is most nearly allied. Its short climbing feet and strongly spinous coat give it a general resemblance to Echimys, but its brachyodont molars, as broad as long, are very different from those of either Hehimys or any of the genera allied to it—such as Nelomys and Diplothrix,—nor have they any of the high specializations found in Dactylomys and Kannabateomys ; and its tufted tail is peculiar to itself. Lonchothrix emilica, sp. n. Size about as in Mesomys hispidus. Pelage excessively a new Genus of Echimyine. 115 spinous, the spines on the hinder back about 30 mm. in length and attaining 2°3 mm. in breadth ; true hair hardly perceptible anywhere, there being only a few short hairs hidden among the bases of the spines, while the covering of the lower surface is also almost wholly spinous. Whisker- bristles very long. General colour above dark brown, punctuated on the shoulders, sides, and rump by buffy. Individually the spines on the dorsal saddle are greyish brown darkening to blackish brown terminally, the lateral and posterior ones with broad buffy tips. On the nape and sides the underlying hairs, which are bright ochraceous buffy, show through the spines and affect the general colour. Under surface dull buffy whitish, a little darker on the chest. Inner sides of arms and legs buffy whitish. Hands and feet dull whitish. Feet comparatively short and broad, as in Jesomys and Echimys. Tail long, its proximal two-thirds almost naked, merely with a few minute scattered bristles on it; these lengthen terminally, and at the end there is a conspicuous vertically distichous brush of long coarse dark brown hairs, of which the longest—those of the upper side—attain over 70 mm. in length. Skull and teeth as above described. Dimensions of the type :— Head and body 177 mm.; tail 189; hind foot 30; ear 13. . Skull: greatest length 43; condylo-incisive length 39 ; zygomatic breadth 25; nasals 12; interorbital breadth 11; mastoid breadth 20°3 ; palatilar length 14:2; palatal fora- mina 5; upper cheek-tooth series 8. Hab. (of type). Villa Braga, on the left bank of the Rio Tapajoz, just above the first rapids. Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 20. 6.4.1. Origina! num- ber 142. Collected 8th February, 1917, by Friulein Dr. E. Snethlage. Presented by the Goeldi Museum. This striking and peculiar animal, which was captured by Fraulein Snethlage herself, forms a discovery of the. utmost interest, and I have very great pleasure in connecting her name with it, adding,as it does, another to the many remarkable Amazonian mammals which she has been instrumental in bringing to the notice of zoologists. ae 116 Mr. O. Thomas on Mammals from XIII.— On Mammals from near Tinogasta, Catamareca, collected by Sr. Budin. By OLDFIELD THOMAS. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) Durina December and January Sr. Budin made a collection in a hilly district known as La Puntilla, near Tinogasta, Catamarca. La Puntilla would appear to be a few miles out from Tinogasta towards Copacabana, at an altitude of about 1000 metres. The collection is not a large one, as the place did not prove very favourable for general collecting ; but among the eight species of which it consists not only is there a new tuco-tuco, but representatives of a highly remarkable new genus of Octodonts related to Aconemys, of which it seems to be a non-fossorial ally with a strong external resemblance to Octodontomys. ‘This is a very striking discovery, and one of which Sr. Budin may well be proud, adding as it does a distinct new type to so peculiar a group. In spite of the ants, which, as usual in summer collecting, formed a terrible plague, the specimens sent are all beauti- fully prepared, and form a valuable addition to the National Collection. 1. Hesperomys musculinus, Thos. 3. 856; %. 835, 893. 2. Hesperomys murillus cordovensis, Thos. 3. 876, 892. The determinations of the specimens of Hesperomys are very doubtful, and must await further material for revision. Female examples showing the number of mamme are especially desirable. “Caught among the piles of branches in the cultivated fields.”’ 3. Graomys eachinus, All. 3. 833, 837, 840, 842, 846, 851, 857, 861, 862, 865, 883, 884, 886, 894, 899. 9. 853, 854, 858, 866, 869, 872, 873, 875, 889, 895, $96, 898. In marked contrast to the state of things at Chumbicha near Tinogasta, Catamarca. 117 and Otro Cerro * we have here only asingle form of Graomys, all the specimens of this fine series being practically identical in size. But a rather considerable number of them are immature. 4. Phyllotis sp. (?). ?. 834 (young). Too young for determination. 5. Akodon alterus, Thos. 3. 841, 859, 878, 890; 2. 839, 843, 867, 887, 897. Very similar to our series from Otro Cerro. No. 878, quite young, shows that m' has a well-defined anterior median groove at its tip. 6. Octomys mimaax, gen. et sp. n. 3. 850, 848 (young) ; ¢. 838, 845, 880. OctomYs f+, gen. nov. (Octodontide). General external characters and shape of skull about as in Octodontomys; molar structure approximately as in Aconemys, of which it is probably a non-fossorial rock-inhabiting representative. External characters very much as in Octodontomys, and,” indeed, as in many other rock-inhabiting dry-country Muride, such as the larger gerbils—the light colour, whitish under surface, large ears, and long tufted tail all being characters of such animals. Indeed, the resemblance to Octodontomys gliroides is almost complete, so that even as species the two might readily be mistaken for each other. Structure of ears and feet very much as in the older known animal, though the granulation of the soles is a little less coarse. All these characters present a striking contrast to those of the one Octodont genus with more or less similar teeth— namely, Aconemys (Schizodon of Waterhouse),—which is a fossorial short-eared, long-clawed, dark-bellied, and short- tailed form, as different as possible from the present animal. Skull also with the general shape of that of Octodontomys, less like that of Octodon, wholly unlike that of the fossorially * Cf. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) iii. p. 494 (1919). + Not only does this animal belong to the group whose dental formula vave rise to the name Octodon, but its molars themselves have a pattern nearly resembling the figure 8. 118 Mr. O. Thomas on Mammals from specialized Asonemys. Muzzle slender. Supraorbital edges sharp, not beaded, without postorbital processes. Inter- parietal region without ridges, even in old specimens. A large supra-meatal island visible on the top of the skull. Palatal foramina short and broad, with a broad median septum. Mesopterygoid fosse narrow, pointed anteriorly, reaching forward to the level of the middle of m?. Bulle very large, larger than in any other member of the group. Teeth.—Incisors of medium strength, more opisthodont than in any of the allied genera (again making a parallel to certain Gerbillines), the incisive angle, as measured from the surface of the tooth-row, about 76°, but, owing to the hyper- trophy of the bulle, they appear still more turned in backwards in relation to the general lines of the skull. Molars rootless, their pattern strikingly like that in Aconemys (figured by Waterhouse *), the three anterior teeth above and below 8-shaped, with two subequal lobes. 1/3 and ms; with the posterior lobe reduced. A capsule appearing on the outer side of the jaw at the root of mg. Genotype. Octomys mimaa, sp. n. The Octodontine—if we accept the obviously correct exclusion of Abrocoma from them advocated by Miller and Gidley t—fall into two groups, one with crescentic and the other with 8-shaped teeth. Hach of these groups has, again, fossorial and non-fossorial members, Octodon and Octo- dontomys being the non-fossorial members of the crescent- toothed group and Ctenomys the fossorial, while in the other group Spalacopus and Aconemys are both fossorial, and the present new genus now supplies to it a non-fossorial repre- sentative. This handsome and remarkable animal, so strikingly like Octodontomys externally but so different from it essentially, is one of the most striking novelties that I have had the oppor- tunity of describing from Argentina, and Sr. Budin is to be congratulated on so fine a discovery. Octomys mimaa, sp. Nn. Size and general external appearance about as in Octo- dontomys gliroides. Colour of body above pale drabby buff. Under surface white, the hairs along the median area white * Nat. Hist. Mamm. ii. pl. viii. fig. 4 (1848). + Journ. Wash. Agad, Sci. viii. p. 445 (1918). $a near Tinogasta, Catamarea. 119 to their bases, but laterally they have pale slaty bases; line of demarcation not strongly marked. ars large, with whitish tufts at their anterior base and on the neck behind them; their surface brown flesh-colour with fine white hairs scattered over them. Hands and feet white. Tail long, hairy, becoming heavily tufted terminally, the proximal half buffy below and buffy mixed with blackish above, the terminal tuft either mixed buffy and dark blackish brown throughout or the end wholly blackish brown ; end-hairs attaining over 40 mm. in length. Skull as above described. Dimensions of the type :— Head and body 165 mm.; tail 179; hind foot 34:5; ear 25°3. Skull: greatest length 44; condylo-incisive length 41:7; zygomatic breadth 21; nasals 15x 4°7 ; interorbital breadth 9°5; least breadth across brain-case 17°5 ; bi-meatal breadth 21°6; palatilar length 16°5; palatal foramina 3°7 x 3°2 ; diagonal horizontal length of bulla 15; upper molar series (crowns) 8°6. Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 20. 5.11.33. Original number 880. Collected 5th January, 1920. Sr. Budin says of this animal that the specimens were captured among some large rocks which had fallen from a cliff in a ravine where there was a little water. It appeared to be very rare, as he was only able to find two of its habita- tions, close to each other, and none in any of the other ravines in the neighbourhood. It was also entirely unknown to the natives. 7. Ctenomys coludo, sp. n. 3. 849, 870, 874, 879, 885, 891; 2. 836, 877. A rather large pale species, with comparatively long tail. Size fairly large, though less than in C. knightt. Fur rather thin and poor. General colour above pale, about as in C. juris, paler than in most species, though not so pale as in duteolus and opimus; dorsal colour most nearly matching “‘sayal brown’’; sides and under surface little paler. Area round ears without special markings. Hairs of hands and feet dull whitish. ‘Tail rather longer than usual in the genus, dull brown along the top, though some of the crest-hairs are whitish ; sides and below dull white. Skull rather slender, the interorbital region and brain-case narrow. Nasals broad in front, evenly narrowed backwards. 120 On Mammals from near Tinogasta, Catamarea. Frontal region flat. Jnterparietal perceptible in all specimens, even in the type, which is old enough to have its basilar suture partially closed. Line of posterior ridges directly transverse. Outer base of anteorbital foramen very slender. Malar ridges particularly strongly marked, sharp, the surface concave below them. Meatal area, as viewed from above, apparently larger than usual. A well-marked bulla-island visible on top of skull. Opening of choane not very sharply angular, level with the middle of m?. Bulle large and swollen, larger than in knight? and nearly as large as in luteolus, both of these being larger species. Molars small in comparison with the size of the animal. Longer diameter of m* scarcely greater than shorter. Dimensions of the type :— Head and body 205 mm. ; tail 97 ; hind foot 36°5. Skull: greatest median length 47; gnathion to back of bulla 49; condylo-incisive length 47°5; zygomatic breadth 31; nasals 17°5 x83; interorbital breadth 9:3; least breadth across brain-case 18; bi-meatal breadth 31; palatilar length 21:7; diagonal horizontal length of bulla 18:5, breadth of bulla at right angles to last, exclusive of meatal tube, 9°5 ; upper molar series (crowns) 8°8, oblique diameter of m} 3-6, of m?> 1-7. Type. Fully adult male. B.M. no. 20.5.11.39. Original number 891. Collected 17th January, 1920. This tuco-tuco is readily recognizable by its uniform pale colour, comparatively long tail, narrow skull, large bullae, and the other characters above detailed. As usual in Ctenomys, there appear to be no characters indicative of any group-relationship, but of the two species geographically nearest to it, C. knightt of Otro Cerro is much darker in colour, with shorter tail, broader frontal region, and larger teeth, while C. focht of Chumbicha is little more than half its bulk, besides differing in other respects. Sr. Budin found what he believed to be evidence that these tuco-tucos had cannibal propensities, and devoured the dead bodies of such of their comrades as were caught in the traps. This habit is common in Muride, but I think had not been before observed in Octodontide. 8. Caviella menas, Thos. 3. 844, 852, 860; 9. 832, 847, 855, 863, 864, 868, 871, 881, 882, 888. Notes on Acari parasitic on Birds. 121 XIV.—Notes on Acari parasitic on Birds, with Descriptions of Two new Species. By STANLEY Hirst. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) Syringophilus columbe, sp. n. ??. Body elongated and very narrow. Only two hairs are present at anterior end of scutum, and they are much shorter than in the female or nymphs of SS. bipectinatus. The other hairs of the dorsum, especially those on the hinder end of the scutum, are longer than in S. bdpectinatus. Straight cellular portion of trachea short, consisting of only four cells. Claws of. legs slender; the comb consists of fewer sete than in S. bépectinatus, and the modified hair on the tarsus on each side of the claws is much wider, being scale-like and striated. Host. Domestic pigeon ; inside quill of feathers. Dallas, Texas (Babcock & Wood). Specimens examined through the kindness of Mr. F. ©. Bishopp, of the United States Department of Agriculture, Pterolichus sculpturatus, sp. n. 3. Very similar to P. bicaudatus, but the posterior lobes of the abdomen are not so rounded in outline. Posterior plate of dorsum ornamented with minute rosettes or stars (appr- rently sometimes raised on very slight granules), whereas in P. bicaudatus the punctations are uniformly distributed and do not form rosettes. Length (including capitulum) 540 pw. Nymph (second stage). Posterior plate of dorsum very unlike that of P. dicaudatus, being almost oblong in shape, except for the posterior margin, which is notched or indented in the middle. Lateral margins practically straight and parallel with one another ; the anterior margin is also practi- cally straight. Surface of this plate sculptured with numerous minute rosettes. Posterior end of abdomen with two pairs of Jong hairs, as in P. bicaudatus. Length (including capitulum) 560 p. Host. South African ostrich, Transvaal; a number of examples inside quills of that bird: Onderstepoort (24. 4.19) ; 122 Notes on Acari parasitic on Birds. received through the kindness of Mr. G. A. Bedford, of the Union Veterinary Station. Pterolichus bicaudatus, Gerv. Nymph (second stage). Posterior plate of dorsum roughly triangular or elongate heart-shaped in outline, the apex pointing forwards ; posterior margin of this plate indented in the middle; its surface is finely and evenly punctated. Host. South African ostrich. I have examined specimens of this species from Sterkstroom, Cape Colony, and from California. Liponyssus silviarum, Can. & F. Dermanyssus silviarum, Canestrini and Fanzago, Atti R. Inst. Venet. 1877-1878, (5) iv. p. 124. Leiognathus silviarum, Canestrini, Prospett. Acarof. Ital. 1885, 1. p. 121. ? Lophoptes patavinus, Mégnin, C. R. Soc. Biol. 1891, iu. Liponyssus canadensis, Banks, Washington, Proc. Ent. Soc. 1909, xi. p. 184. This species occurs both on sparrows and poultry in the United States, and this is of some interest, for the species has not hitherto been recorded as a parasite of poultry (unless Mégnin’s Lophoptes patavinus is the same species). It differs from the very closely allied species LZ. bursa princi- pally in having only one pair of long hairs at the extreme posterior end of the dorsal scutum, whereas in L. bursa there are always two quite long pairs of hairs in this position. Hosts and localities. I have examined specimens from poultry from the following localities :—Harvel and Raymond, Illinois; Lafayette, Indiana; Aberdeen, South Dacota; Beltsville, Maryland; Washington, D.C. It occurs on sparrows in the following localities:—Raymond, Illinois ; Aberdeen, South Dacota; Dallas, Texas. In the British Museum there are specimens from Russia found on Motacilla alba, and others from the Zoological Gardens (on Huropean sparrow-hawk and Indian jay). Liponyssus bursa, Berlese. Additional localities. Gharbia Province, Lower Egypt ; two lots of this species from domestic poultry, collected autumn 1918 by Mr. Aghion. Dallas, Texas ; on English sparrow (/, C. Bishopp). On Oxyuris paronai, v. Linst. 123 XV.—Oxyuris paronai, v. Linst., and its Association with another Oxyurid in the same Host. By H. A. BAYLis, M.A. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) In working over a miscellaneous collection of nematode and other parasites submitted by Mr. A. Loveridge, there occurred Fig. 1, (Ss) Hy eI . 35| FJ] } A wa B = = ce = ze =e FA g =e H js . FE 8 = § ee : = & # or .) ee DN EB Head and cesophageal region (A) Of Paracis paronat, (B) of Oxyuris lovertdgei, both drawn to the same seale of magnification, from female specimens. a tube containing large numbers of small Oxyurid worms from the very remarkable lizard Macroscincus coctei, which is 124 Mr. H. A. Baylis on found only in the Cape Verde Islands. The material proved to include two forms of approximately the same size, ye easily distinguishable, even when viewed in spirit under low magnification, by the strikingly different Sreiee lengths of the cesophagus (fig. 1, A and B). In one form, of which both sexes are present in large numbers, the cesophagus is very long and slender. This is undoubtedly the species described under the name of Oayuris paronai by von Linstow (1893), from the same host-species. The other form has a short and relatively stout cesophagus, and, though the speci- mens number some hundreds, all are females. von Linstow’s original specimens of Owyuris paronad are - in the British Museum, and on examining them with a view to placing beyond doubt the determination of the new material, it at once became apparent that the same two forms were again present. Further investigation, in this case also, failed to reveal any males of the form with short cesophagus, though males of the other form were present in plenty. It appears, therefore, that the association of these two forms in A/acro- ‘scincus is of common occurrence. It was even suspected for atime that this might be a case of very marked dimorphism limited to the female sex. Closer investigation, however, Jends more support to the view that the forms are specifically, or even generically, distinct. ‘The females of the form with short cesophagus are fully mature, and contain ova, and it seems possible that they are parthenogenetic, or represent a parthenogenetic generation. Oxyuris paronat appears to be referable to the genus Paracis, as recently defined by Railliet and Henry (1916), of which the genotype is P. longicollis (Schneider, 1866) from the tortoise. A comparison of the figures of the tails of males given by Schneider (1866, pl. vil. fig. 8) and by v. Linstow (1893, pl. vii. figs. 18, 19) is sufficient to demonstrate this. Both forms have a blunt, finger-like, caudal appendage in the male, with a pair of papille close to the tip; a single spicule, and an accessory piece which forms a median projection behind the cloaca ; anda group of paired papille surrounding the cloacal aperture. ‘They also agree in the great relative length of the cesophagus. The structure of the mouth in P. parona?, though difficult to make out owing to the very small size of. the head, seems to offer characters which may prove to be of generic rather than specific importance. ‘The aperture of the mouth, as v. Linstow indicates, is surrounded by a delicate, membranous, triangular, funnel-shaped apparatus. This, however, is fully Oxyuris paronai, v. Linst. 125 protruded in only a small proportion of the specimens. It then has the appearance represented in fig. 2, when seen under a high magnification ({ly” oil-immersion objective). In the majority of the specimens the “ funnel” is withdrawn into the anterior end of the cesophagus. ‘This arrangement somewhat resembles the structure seen in Crossocephalus. In that genus, however, the funnel-like apparatus supported by the six jaws is dnverted into the cesophagus when closed. In P. paronai, as fav as can be made out, it is probably simply retracted, without inversion. The “ pigmentation ” of the cesophagus, intestine, and other parts of O. paronat, referred to by von Linstow, seems to Fig. 2. 0:05 mm. Anterior extremity of Paracis paronat, highly magnified. have been due to some artificial discoloration. It is not seen in the material collected by Mr. Loveridge. As, at present, generic distinctions among the Oxyuride rest almost entirely upon male characters, it is proposed to call the new form, as distinct from P. paronai, Oxyuris loveridget, sp. n., using the name Oxyuris in a broad sense. Further data may show that itis really adimorphic form of P. paronaz, but the chief reasons for regarding it for the present as a distinct species are: (1) the different proportional length of the cesophagus; (2) the different structure of the mouth, which appears to be quite simple and without the funnel-like apparatus, but merely surrounded by three small sessile papillze ; (3) the position of the vulva, which is in front of 126 On Oxyuris paronai, v. Linst. the middle of the body, instead of behind it, as in P. paronat* ; (4) the much finer striation of the cuticle (in the females of P. paronai the striation is so coarse as to be conspicuous under a very low power of the microscope) ; and (5) the slightly larger dimensions of the eggs. Measurements of Paracis paronai and Oxyuris loveridgei. (All measurements are in mm. The figures in square brackets have been calculated from von Linstow’s proportional measurements.) Paracis paronai (v. Linst.). Oxyuris loveridget. | Measurements | Measurements of | given by Mr. Loveridge’s | von Linstow. material, rei Cae 3. 9°. Beneth oii oss sass seuss Sue ge eS. FL aie ae ae Oak 4:45-5'3 Maximum thickness..........) 0:22 0:42 | 0:25 0:43 O-4 Diameterotheadin.s.secke Jehu 0:03-0:04 0:07-0:08 Hhenethyor tail o. .% «si 2s ess! [0-087] [0°24] | 008-0 09 0:3-0°6 0:5-0°7 Distance from anterior end tu) end of cesophagus (including MMR) etree Sisko tats cts, sigaere [1:16] [1:68] |0-85-1:0 1:1-1:2 0-6-0 7 | Diameter of cesophagus ..... | 0-0396 0-03 0:04 0:06 Diameter of cesophageal bulb. . 0-138 010 0:13 0:15-0'14 Distance from anterior end to) MIQE WG =DUNO 5 todas ane, heel | 0:26 0:23 0:26 0:25 Distance from anterior end to) BRCROLOMy VOUS. sneer sk se | 0:94-1:15 1:35-1:45 08-0-98 Distance apart of cuticular| BUT IATLONS™ (on. cceys. sete cuahe oe seers | 0-012 0:015 0-005 engin ot spicule. jis. 5. t=: [Pe Oalai cae 0-1 be uae | SES OEGy Ey wugmen.s creo cooee 0:15 x 0-07 0:17 x 0°08 0:18 x 0:09 Liystow, O. von. (1898.) REFERENCES. “ Oxyuris puronat, n. sp., und Chetracanthus hispidus, Fedt.,” Arch. f. Naturg., Berlin, lix. p. 201; pl. vii. “Sur les Oxyuridés,” Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol., Paris, lxxix. p. 118. Rarvuret, A., and Henry, A. ScHNEIDER, A. (1916,) (1866.) ‘ Monographie der Nematoden.’ Berlin. * y. Linstow gives the proportion in which the vulva divides the body as “37:19.” The vulva, though always behind the middle, is usually much nearer to it than this. + The exceptionally large figure for the total length of the female given by von Linstow was possibly based on a specimen of O. loveridget, as the two forms were not distinguished by him. On the Use of the Generic Name Ceratopogon. 127 XVI.—On the Use of the Generic Name Ceratopogon, Meigen (Diptera, Chironomid). By F. W. Epwarps. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) SINCE the old genus Ceratopogon was broken up by Kieffer in 1901 much uncertainty has existed as to which group the old name should be applied to, different authors using the name in different senses. It is highly desirable to arrive at definite and permanent conclusions on this point, and the following note has been penned with this object in view. The main facts, which are not in question, are these :— ‘The genus Ceratopogon was founded by Meigen in Illiger’s ‘Magazine’ for 1803, a short diagnosis being given, and “ Tipula barbicornis, Fab.,”’ being the only species mentioned as belonging to the genus. The earlier name Helea was published in 1800 without any species being mentioned, and is now rejected by nearly all dipterists on this ground, together with the other names proposed in the ‘ Nouvelle Classification.” In his “ Klassifikazion” Meigen introduces a number of new species, but “ barbicornis, Fab.,” is placed among other species of which Meigen had not seen specimens as belonging either to Corethra, Chironomus, Tanypus, or Ceratopogon. He also remarks (p. 35): “ Aus dieser Beschreibung [of Fabricius] folgt, dass dieser Art unter Ceratopogon gehdret. Ob aber Gmelin (oder vielmehr Linnée) und Schrank diese oder den oben beschriebenen C. communis unter ihrer Tipula barbicornis verstanden haben, mag ich nicht entscheiden.” Later, Meigen (Syst. Beschr. vi. p. 261) notes under barbicornis that “das Exemplar in Fabricius’ Sammlung ist ein Chironomus, Chir. obscurus.” Now, since on its first introduction only a single species was mentioned as belonging to the genas, it is clear that, if the rules of zoological nomenclature are to be strictly followed, this must be regarded as the type-species. Accordingly, Kieffer has argued (Zool. Anz. xxx. p. 516) that 7. barbi- cornis is the type, aud that, since Meigen has informed us that Fabricius’s specimen was only Chironomus obscurus, Mg. (which is supposed to be an Orthocladius), Ceratopogon should be used in place of Orthocladius. But against this view it should be remembered (1) that Fabricius was not the author of the name barbicornis, and that what Linnzeus meant by this name is unknown; (2) that Meigen, as he himself informs us, had not seen examples of barbicernis, but was relying on Fabricius’s diagnosis for his 128 Mr. F. W. Edwards on the Use of inclusion of the species in Ceratopogon; and (3) that many writers, with whom I emphatically agree, would in cases of misidentification take the species which an author actually had, not that which he imagined he had, as the type of a genus. The question is, therefore, what species had Meigen before him under the name barbicornisin 1803? From the remarks quoted above, I think there can be practically no doubt that it was the one which in 1804 he called C. communis. This was doubtless the reason why Coquillet in 1910 indicated com- munis as the type-species, a course in which I consider he was perfectly right. Kieffer, in the paper cited, maintains that the species which Meigen had in 1803 cannot be recognized, and argues from this that the real validity of the genus Ceratopogon can only date from Meigeun’s fuller work, where other species are included and a fuller diagnosis given. He quotes Meigen’s work of 1818 (omitting that of 1804), where the hairy wings are referred to in the generic description, and, while rejecting Ceratopogon altogether, uses Forcipomyta in place of it for one of the hairy-winged groups, taking for type F. ambiguus, Mg. In more recent papers (Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung. 1917) he has reverted to the use of Ceratopogon for this same group, still with the type ambiguus, Me. I maintain that this course is unjustifiable for two reasons —tirstly, although Meigen, in his 1804 diagnosis, mentions the hairy wings*, Latreille, in 1805, proposed the g. nus Culicoides, with the type pulicaris, L.; and from the table of species which Meigen gives in 1830 (Syst. Beschr. vi. p. 266) it is clear that he accepts Culicotdes as a restriction, including in it all the species with hairy wings (although he does not actually admit its generic value), thus :— “A. Alle Schenkel einfach, wehrlos. “(a) Mit nackten Fligeln. “ (6) Mit haarigen Flugeln (Culicoides, Latreills).” In the second place—and this is, perhaps, even more important,—Kieffer’s adoption of ambiguus as the type is quite illegitimate if it can be discovered what Meigen meant * Meigen also states in this diagnosis “ Die Fliigel paraliel-dach- formig” (7: e. held in roof-like position in rest), which is a character of the Orthocladius group, but not of the Ceratopogonine. This might be adduced in support of the view that Ceratopogon should be used for Orthocladius; but I think it is evident that Meigen simply made a mistake on this point. He corrects the statement in 1818 to read “ Fliigel parallel flach aufliegend.” the Generic Name Ceratopogon. 129 by communis. The description of 1804 is altogether inade- quate, but in 1818 he adds the information “ Alle Schenkel einfach, wehrlos,” and in 1830 “ Mit nackten Fliigeln.” The name Ceratopogon must, therefore, be used for one of the groups with bare or practically bare wings. In his original description of C. communis (1804) Meigen says Man findet sie im Sommer sehr hiufig auf Schirmge- wichsen.” This habitat agrees with that of C. pavidus, Winn., and its allies, several species of which occur in great numbers on flower-heads of Angelica, but not with that of the other bare-winged groups, the females of which are preda- ceous and are only seldom found on flowers. Malloch, in his ‘Cuironomide of Illinois’ (1915), has adopted the name Ceratopogon for this group of species (which Kieffer includes under the genera Aérichopogon aud Kempia), and I was at first inclined to follow him in this respect. However, in order to make quite sure, if possible, of the identity of C. communis, I wrote to Mons. Séguy, of the Paris Museum, asking him for information as to Meigen’s type, if it should be in existence. His repoit was surprising, but decisive, as from his notes and the carefully drawn sketch of the wing of the type male which he sent (reproduced herewith) = 7 EL me zs = a ios : N= > 3 Ceratopogon communis, $. Drawn by KE, Séguy. it is clear that C. communis differs in some respects from all the species described by Winnertz, and will not fit into any of the genera into which the group has been divided by Kieffer, though it shows relations with several. The genus Ceratopogon must therefore for the present include only the single species communis, Mg., aud may be diagnosed as follows, from M. Séguy’s information :— CERATOPOGON (Meigen, 1803), Edwards, 1920. 3. Claws simple, equal. No empodia. Femora slender, unarmed. Hyes quite bare. Wings with microscopic pubes- cence (microtrichia) over the whole surface, and with a few Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 9 130 Mr. H. Campion on some suberect macrotrichia round the tip and in the second radial cell. Costa extending beyond two-thirds of the wing-length ; two radial cells, both rather elongate and about equal in length. Media sessile, forking at level of r—-m cross-vein. Cubitus (“ postical” of Kieffer) with the base of its fork proximal to that of the media. Anal vein bent some distance before its tip, a rather indistinct fold arising from the bend, giving an appearance of forking (as in Palpomyia, Bezzia, &c.). The genus Ceratopogon will fitly take its place among the group of small genera which are intermediate in some respects between the two main groups of the subfamily, agreeing in habits with Kempia and Atrichopogon, but in structure approaching nearer to Johannsenomyia and Stilobezzia. From the former of these it differs in the shorter, equal, radial cells and the presence of macrotrichia at the tip of the wing, and from the latter in the sessile media and in some other points. XVII.—Some new or little-known Gomphine Dragonflies from South America. By HERBERT CAMPION. {Plates VI. & VII. ] WHILE engaged from time to time in identifying dragonflies from British Guiana, 1 have found it necessary to consider related species from other parts of the Neotropical Region. Particulars of certain members of the subfamily Gomphine which have been studied in this way are now placed on record. Gomphoides dentatus, Selys. Aphylla dentata, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) vii. p. 547 (1859). I have pleasure in acknowledging my indebtedness to Monsieur G. Severin, Conservateur au Musée Royal d’Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, for his great kindness in allowing me to examine the original material of this species, besides preparing for me photographs of the wings and anal appendages of the male type (Pl. VI. figs. 1&2). The material in question consists of (1) a male, the type of the species, through the abdomen of which a fine skewer has been passed, to give it additional support; (2) a female, also skewered, which may be conspecific with the male; and Gomphine Dragonflies from South America. 131 (3) a second female, without any skewer, which is probably not conspecific either with the male or the first-named female. The three specimens are labelled as follows:—(1) “35” (white label), ‘ Amazon” (white label), “ Bates” (green label), “ Aphylla dentata, De Selys, g, a renvoyer” (buff label), ‘£141, dentata, Bate[s]” (white label, marked in pencil) ; (2) ‘‘ Amazon” (white label), ‘ Bates” (green label), “ Aphylla dentata, De Selys, @, & renvoyer” (buff label) ; (3) “Amazon” (white label), “ Bates”? (green label), “ Aphylla dentata, S., ¢”” (white label). The original description states that the male type was obtained by Bates on “ les bords de !’Amazone,” and, as it bears the number 35, it may be assumed that Santarem was the exact place of capture, as it certainly was of other sp: ci- mens carrying the same number. In this specimen, at the margin of the wing there are from two (right wings) to three (left wings) cells between M, and Rs, from three (hind wings) to four (fore wings) between M3 and My, and from five (hind wings) to six or seven (fore wings) cells between Cu, and Cu,. In the fore wings there are 19-20 antenodals and 14 postnodals ; in the hind wing 14~15 antenodals and 14-16 postnodals. A male in the British Museum collection which I consider to be conspecific with the holotype of G. dentatus is labelled 35” and “Brazil, Santarem, 3” (Bates). Another male : : f 54 in the same collection, labelled “35” and “Santarem, 3” 5) ) 63 (Bates) may also belong to the same species, although the anal appendages are not identical with those of the holotype, and the paired longitudinal veins are not so widely separated at the margin of the wing. A female Gomphoid:s also in the British Museum, labelled “35” and “ Brazil, Santarem, ay is more likely to be the female of G. dentatus than either of the two females associated with the holotype in the De Selys Collection. It was captured at the same place as the holotype, and the abdomen is similar in the two insects, both as regards general coloration and the dilatation of the penultimate aud antepenultimate segments. The female from Demerara in the MacLachlan Collection doubtfully referred by De Selys to G. dentatus (Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxviii. p. 178, 1894) may very well belong to an undescribed species, QF 132 Mr. H. Campion on some Gomphoides distinguendus, sp. n. Aphylla dentata b, Ris, Hamburg. Magalhaen. Sammelreise, vii., Odonaten, p. 16 (1904). Gomphoides dentata, Ris, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxii. p. 74, fig. 15 (¢ anal appendages, &c.) (1918). A long series of this species was taken near Buenos Ayres by Dr. F. Ris in December, 1890, and January, 1891, and two males were given by the collector to De Selys Longchamps, who considered them to be conspecific with his G@. dentatus from the Amazon. When dealing with this species in 1904 Dr. Ris referred to the uncertainty attending its identification, but decided to adopt, provisionally, the name which De Selys had applied to it. At the same time he published a full description of both the sexes, so that future recognition might be facilitated. I am again indebted to M. Severin for the loan of the two specimens in the De Selys Collection, as well as tor drawings and photographs (PI. VI. figs.3-5). The study of this material enables one to decide that the Argentine species is quite distinct from the Amazonian one, with which De Selys had confused it. I propose for it the name disténguendus, and the type of the new species will be the specimen of which a description and some figures are now published. In the male of G. distin- guendus the superior anal appendages are bent sharply inwards, aud bear a strong triangular tooth internally, instead of being reoularly forcipate and provided with an internal swelling. In dorsal view the abdomen is less swollen at segment 8, and the lateral margins of that segment are not at all dilated. The pterostigma is more golden than in the other species and more strongly braced. There is also a venational difference— between the respective holotypes, at all events—for the pairs of parallel veins M, and Rs, M; and My, and Cu, and Cu, are less widely separated at the margin of the wing. Again, G. distinguendus is somewhat smaller than G. dentatus, and the coloration of the abdomen is more variegated (in G. den- tatus the dorsum of segments 3-9 seems to me to be uniformly blackish, although De Selys mentions some pale markings). Finally, the colour-pattern of the thorax is different in the two species, for while G. dentatus has five pairs of pale stripes upon the meso-metathorax, the types of G. distinguendus have only three pairs. Humeral stripes are certainly absent, and in neither of the Brussels specimens can I perceive the narrow green line on the metepisternum which seems to be indicated by Ris. a a ee ee ee a ee ee —_—— Gomphine Dragonflies from South America, 133 Two males fron Paraguay have been referred to G. den- tatus by Dr. Calvert (Ann. Carnegie Mas. vi. p, 219, 1909), but, in the absence of fuller particulars, it cannot be said whether these specimens show any close affinity with G. dis- tinguendus, as their habitat would seem to suggest. 3 (holotype). ‘ Buenos Aires, i. 91” (white label, by Ris), “ Aprylla dentata, Selys, 6, Buenos Ayres, Dr. Ris” (white label, by De Selys), ‘‘ Buenos Ayres, Dr. Ris”? (green label, by De Selys), “118” (pencilled on each of two yellow labels). Length of abdomen 44 mm.; length of hind wing 33 mm. Labium, labrum, clypeus, frons, and occiput green or greenish, Antennas and upper surface of head blackish brown. Prothorax mostly green, with the anterior and posterior borders yellow. Meso-metathorax greenish brown mid- dorsally, laterally, and ventrally ; chestnut-brown at the shoulders ; the dorsum carrying a pair of antehumeral broad green stripes, not quite reaching anteriorly the mesothoracic half-collar, which, with the mid-dorsal carina, is also green ; another broad green stripe lies upon the mesepimeron, and a narrow stripe of the same colour upon the metepimeron. Wings hyaline, with a mere trace of yellow at the base of the hind wing. Venation blackish brown; costa anteriorly pale. Pterostigma 5mm. long, golden yellow, with a distinct brace-vein in all wings. At the margin of the wing two cells between M, and Rs, three cells between Ms; and M, in the fore wings and two in the hind wings, and four to six cells between Cu, and Cuz. Fore wings with 16-17 ante- nodals and 10 postnodals ; hind wings with 12-14 antenodals and 11-12 postnodals. Triangle in fore wing 3-celled. Subtriangle of fore wing and triangle of hind wing 2-celled. Subtriangle of hind wing free. One cross-vein in the supertriangle of each wing. Femora greenish brown ; tibie and tarsi black. Abdomen moderately inflated at segments 1-2; somewhat constricted at 8; moderately inflated again at 7-10, fusiform ; the inferior lateral margins of 8 and 9 not expanded laterally, and but very little dorso-ventrally ; 10 in dorsal view slightly constricted in the middle, the hind margin with a shallow median rounded notch, the inferior lateral margins produced apically. Segments 1-2, with the auricles, greenish brown ; 3 mainly greenish brown, black distally ; 4-6 black mid-dorsally and distally, with an ill-detined brownish area at each side proximally ; 7 light orange-vrown in the proximal 134 Mr. H. Campion on some half, dark orange-brown beyond ; 8 and 9 dark orange-brown ; 10 yellowish brown. In ventral view segments 1-7 greenish brown ; 8-10 deep yellow. Genitalia of segment 2 deeply sunk in the genital fossa, and, being also thickly clothed with hairs, are very difficult to examine. Anal appendages dark orange-brown, hairy. The upper pair shorter than segments 9 and 10 taken together, divergent for more than half their length, then abruptly convergent; a sharp triangular internal tooth before the inward bend. The lower appendage very short, hairy, triangular, notched at the apex. The second male (paratype) carries two white labels and a green one, each of them inscribed in the same manner as the corresponding label attached to the holotype. The abdomen measures 45 mm., while the length of the hind wing and pterostigma remains as in the holotype. At the margin of the wing there are three cells between M, and Rs in both fore wings and possibly also in the left hind wing, while there are two only in the right hind wing ; three cells between M; and M, in the right fore wing and two cells in the other three wings ; four (three wings) to five (one wing) cells between Cu, and Cuy. In the fore wings there are 17-19 antenodals and 10 postnodals ; in the hind wings 13-14 antenodals and 12-13 postnodals. Gomphoides calverti, Kirby, and Gomphoides camposi, Calvert. Cyclophylia calverti, Kirby, Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xix. p. 613, pl. xii. fig. 2 (1897). Gomphoides camposi, Calvert, Ann. Carnegie Mus. vi. p. 219, pl. vii. fic, 127 (1909). Each of these species was described from a unique male specimen, the first from N.E. Brazil and the second from Keuador, and each of the descriptions was aceompanied by a single figure. Kirby’s figure represented the entire insect, and was of litile scientific value, while that given by Calvert was a left profile view of the apical segments of the abdomen. The close relationship subsisting between the two species has hitherto escaped attention, but, upon comparing with Kirby’s type (PI. VI. fig. 6) the anal appendages of G. campos?, as figured by Calvert, I found the resemblance to be so strong that I was induced to read the description of G. eamposi with the type of G. calverté before me. Such differences as became apparent did tot seem to afford any clear proof of specific dis- tinctuess, and correspondence with Dr. Calvert, who was kind enough to re-examine the type of lis own species, brought to Gomphine Dragonflies from South America, 135 light no differentiating characters of greater value than the following — G. calverti. (1) Meso-metathorax with a second antehumeral green stripe, about half as long as the first, very narrow, linear in front, almost touching posteriorly the ante-alar ridge, lying a little above the humeral suture. - (2) The pale basal colour on abdominal segments 4-7 inter- rupted mid-dorsally, and therefore divided into spots. (3) Expansion of inferior lateral margin of segment 8 smaller, not rounded ; that of 9 not very pro- nounced, parallel and co-extensive with the long axis of the segment. (4) Upper anal appendages with the two inferior processes more obtuse; the superior subapical sinuation longer. (5) Fore wings with 18-19 ante- nodals, 10-13 postnodals, Hind wings with 13-14 antenodals. (6) Abdomen 37°5 mm.; hind wing 28 mm. G. campost. (1) Meso-metathorax without a second antehumeral green stripe. (2) The pale basal colour on abdominal segments 4~7 not inter- rupted mid-dorsally, and therefore not divided into spots. (3) Expansion of inferior lateral margin of segment 8 larger, strongly convex; that of 9 more pronounced than in calverti, regularly convex. (4) Upper anal appendages with the two inferior processes more acute; the superior subapical sinuation shorter. (5) Fore wings with 20-22 ante- nodals, 13-14 postnodals. Hind wings with 16 antenodals. (6) Abdomen 43 mm.; hind wing 32 mm, It was realized that differences of this description might lose their significance, if sufficient material of both species became available for study, and, with a view to throwing further light upon the question at issue, Dr. Calvert prepared and sent me camera lucida drawings of the penis and accessory genitalia of G. camposi (PI. VII. figs. 8 & 9), for comparison with the corresponding structures in Kirby’s type. The hamules did not seem to be conspicuously different, but, when the penis of G@. calverti came to be dissected out and com- pared with the figure of G. campos7, a state of things was disclosed which removed all reasonable doubts on the score of specific distinctness. The camera lucida drawings repro- duced as figs. 7 and 8 show the remarkable difference in form and proportion of each of the three joints of which the penis is composed, and especially the enormous disparity in the length of the lateral lobes of the third joint. ‘The vesicle of the penis, too, is widely different in the two species. It may be pointed out that the drawing of G. campost appears to have been made from the penis extended, but still im situ, while that of G. calverti was made from the organ after it lad been dissected out. 136 Mr. H. Campion on some Two typographical errors have been detected by Dr. Calvert in his description of G. camposi, and may be corrected here. The first is on page 219, where the width of the antehumeral stripe on the thoracic dorsum appears as “ 8 mm.” instead of “+8 mm.,” while the other occurs in line 16 of the next page, where “8” should be read for the second ‘ 9.” Zonophora bedkint, sp. n. 1 ? (holotype). Tumatumari, R. Potaro, British Guiana, xii, 1915 (G. H. Bodkin). Length of abdomen 58 mm. ; length of hind wing 52 mm. Head moderately large. Labium hairy, brownish; the end-hook of each lateral lobe longer than the movable hook, and considerably overlapping its fellow in the middle line. Hypopharynx not deeply excavated in front. Maxille black (Pl. VII. fig. 12). Mandibles black (PI. VII. figs. 13, 14). Labrum black, with a broad transverse pale band. Anteclypeus pale. Postclypeus and anterior aspect of frons black ; the suture dividing them pale. Superior aspect of trons black, with a large pale spot at each side. First and second joints of antennee black [the more distal joints missing]. Vertex black, with a stout tubercle behind each of the paired ocelli. Occiput black, concave above. Prothorax rather hairy; on the hind margin a pair of small, rounded, pale dorsal spots, and a pair of larger pale Jateral spots. Meso-metathorax black, with yellow markings. A pair of lines on the dorsum, curving outwards anteriorly, and not reaching the mesothoracic half-collar. A longer line is close to and nearly parallel with the humeral suture. Some ill- preserved markings on the mesepimeron and metepisternum. On the right side is preserved a broad band crossing the metepimeron medially. Some white pubescence on the infe- rior surface of the thorax and segments 1 and 2. Wings (PI. VIL. fig. 10) yellowish brown. Costa and other veins black. Antenodals 26-27 in the fore wings and 18 in the hind wings. Postnodals 18-19 in the fore wings and 17-19 in the hind wings. Arculus in the fore wing at the level of the third antenodal; in the hind wing nearer the level of the second. Triangle in fore wing only slightly less elongate than in hind wing. No cubito-anal cross-veins, apart from the anal crossing and the one closing the subtriangle. Anal loop in hind wing apparently containing five cells, but its proximal boundary is ill-defined. Brace-vein more or less before the level of the proximal end of the pterostigma. es ae ee Gomphine Dragonflies from South America. 137 Pterostigma broad, 7 mm. long, covering from seven to nearly nine cells, opaque, very dark red. The cells between My and Rs beginning to be doubled at the level of the proximal end of the pterostigma. The trebling of the post-trigonal cells beginning a little before (hind wings) or well before (fore wings) the level of separation of M,,»9. Cu, and Cuy in hind wing rather strongly divergent; five to six cells between them at the wing-margin. The only leg preserved is a detached one, of moderate length ; the coxa and part of the femur pale, the tibia and tarsus black. Abdomen swollen at base, slightly constricted at segment 3, somewhat dilated laterally at 8 and 9. Black, with yellow markings, as follows :—Sides of segment 1 mostly yellow ; a mid-dorsal line and two pairs of large lateral spots on seg- ment 2; a pair of large lateral markings on the proximal half of 3, Z-shaped on the left side and formed like an inverted Z on the right side, the distal transverse portion of each marking almost touching its fellow on the dorsum ; a pair of similar but smaller markings on 4; a pair of large, irregularly-shaped, lateral spots at the base of 5; a pair of large, oblong, dorsal spots, separated by the mid-dorsal carina, at the base of 7; 6, 8, 9, and 10 apparently immaculate. Anal appendages about as long as segments 9 and 10 taken together, convergent, almost straight, ending in a sharp point, black in the basal third, pale yellow beyond. Vulvar lamina (PI. VII. fig. 11) black and consisting of two strong parallel spines, fused together for more than three-quarters of their length, and gradually tapering towards their distal extremities, which are well separated, pointed, and divergent, and extend a little beyond the apical margin of segment 9. Between the vulvar lamina and the ninth sternite were found a number of orange- yellow ova of the broad exophytic type. These were very small for such a large insect, the length of those measured being *5-"6 mm., and the width *3-"35 mm. The measurements of Z. bod‘ini exceed those of the largest Zonophora hitherto described—namely, the unique male of Z. batesi, Selys*. It also extends the known range of the genus northwards, as the three older species were all described from Brazil. * In the earliest description of the female of Zonophora campanulata, Burm, (Bull. Acad. Belg. xxi. (2) p. 80, 1854), De Selys gave the leneth of the abdomen as 58 mm., which is also the length of the abdomen in the @ type of Z. bodkint. This figureis obviously a misprint for 50 mm., the measurement stated by the same author in 1858 (Monogr. Gomph, p. 234). 138 Mr. H. Campion on some As special facilities existed for doing so, the mouth-parts were examined and compared with the maxilla, hypopharynx, and labium as figured by Hagen for 7. campanulata (Monogr. Gomph. pl. xiii. fig. 1, p,q, 7). The maxilla is much alike in the two species, and so is the hypopharynx, except that in the genotype it is more deeply excavated anteriorly. As to the labium, the end-hook of the lateral lobes is in the new species longer than the movable hook, whereas in Z. cam- panulata it is shorter than the movable hook. In addition to the maxilla, drawings have been made of the mandible in Z. bodkini, and I am not aware that this organ has ever been figured for any nearly related species. The vulvar lamina in Z. campanulata has also been figured by Hagen (loc. cit. fig. 1, t), and is not so deeply bifid at the apex as in Z. bodkini. The species is dedicated to Mr. G. E. Bodkin, the Govern- ment Economic Biologist, British Guiana, and the holotype has been presented by him to the British Museum, through the Imperial Bureau of Entomology. _Zonophora spectabilis, sp. n. 1 3 (holotype), Sapucay, Paraguay, 16.1. 1903 (W. Foster). No. 64 (British Museum). Length of abdomen 41 mm.; length of hind wing 345 mm. Head moderately large. Labiuin greenish yellow; the superior margin of the middle lobe and the internal anterior angle of each lateral lobe black. Base of the mandibles greenish yellow. Labrum greenish yellow, bordered all round with black. Clypeus and frons greenish yellow ; the free inferior margins of the postclypeus black. Superior surface of frons with a deep median groove, filled in with black in its posterior two-thirds ; a broad black band crossing the frons transversely in its posterior third. Upper surface of head before the occiput black, except for a pale brownish spot behind the median ocellus. Occiput pale brownish. [ Prothorax lost. ] Meso-metathorax checolate-brown, with five yellow or greenish-yellow stripes on each side of the mid-dorsal crest, increasing progressively in width from above downwards— the first, lying on the dorsum, curved, diverging anteriorly from its fellow, and not quite reaching the mesothoracic half- collar above ; the second running parallel with and lying a little above the humeral suture; the third crossing the mesepimeron medially ; the fourth occupying the posterior half of the metepisternum, and at about mid-height throwing Gomphine Dragonflies from South America. 139 forward a strongly marked dentiform projection into the dark anterior half; and the fifth crossing the metepimeron medially. The extreme posterior angle of the metepimeron greenish yellow. Wings (PI. VII. fig. 15) hyaline. Costa anteriorly golden yellow as faras the pterostigma. Subcosta red. Radius and some, at least, of the succeeding convex veins, seen from above, black. Viewed obliquely from behind, the entire venation, in- cluding the costa, appears to be red. Antenodals 19-20 in the fore wings and 12-13 in the hind wings. A _ basal subcostal cross-vein present in each wing. In the fore wings the second hypertrophied antenodal is the seventh in the series ; in the hind wings it is the sixth. Postnodals 10 in the fore wings and 10-11 in the hind wings. Arculus at about the level of the second regular antenodal. One cubito-anal cross- vein, supplementary to the anal crossing and the one closing the subtriangle, in right fore wing and in each hind wing ; not present in left fore wing. Anal triangle in hind wing containing from four to five cells, and the anal loop five cells. Pterostigma with a weak brace-vein, very broad, 4°5 mm. long, surmounting from four and a half to nearly six of the cells below, opaque, very dark red, bounded by black veins. The cells between M, and Rs beginning to be doubled beyond the level of the proximal end of the pterostigma. The trebling of the post-trigonal cells beginning a little after the level of separation of My,2. Cu, and Cug in hind wing not strongly divergent ; three to four cells between them at the wing- margin. [Fore legs missing.]_ Mid legs black. Femur of hind leg blackish below ; above greenish yellow, with two dark longi- tudinal lines. [Tibia and tarsus missing. | Abdomen: ground-colour of segments 1 and 2 chocolate- brown, of segments 3-10 black. Mach segment marked with yellow or greenish yellow, as follows :—1 with a band on the basal margin and a broader ring on the apical margin ; 2 with a broad median stripe, expanding apically into a narrow ring ; 8-6 with a basal ring, occupying more than a third, but less than a half, of the segment ; 3 with a large and 6 with a small lateral spot on each side of the segment, beyond the ring; 7 with the basal half yellow, the ring strongly produced into the apical half laterally ; 8 and 9 with a broad basal ring, strongly produced towards the apex of the segment medially and laterally ; 8 with a few black denticles on the dorsal carina; 10 chiefly yellow. Auricles yellow. Posterior hamules very prominent, long, black, densely clothed with pale hairs in the distal half; in profile view 140 On Gomphine Dragonflies from South America. broad, convex ventrally, and ending in a long straight point ; in. ventral. view widely separated basally, converging ae expanding internally until they nearly touch one another at about mid-length, and then narrowing to form a pair of rather slender forceps. Vesicle of the penis black, rather hairy, stout; the extremity directed backwards. Upper anal appendages yellow, hairy, about as long as segments 9 and 10 taken together, broad in the first two-thirds of their length, then narrowing and curving towards one another until they meet or even overlap ea low superior tubercle at the broadest part of the appendage is followed by an internal expansion which terminates posteriorly in an acute tooth, directed inwards and forwards. Lower anal appendages black, about two-thirds as long as the superior appendages, strongly divergent at their base, and then curving gently inwards, and ending in a sharp hook. Zonophora spectabilis presents several points of difference from the genotype and other members of the genus. It has a more southern distribution than any other species yet described, and is further distinguished from all its congeners by the presence of pale spots on segments 8, 9, and 10 of the abdomen. It is likewise the smallest of the known species of Zonophora, and in this respect comes nearest to Z. calippus, Selys. Indeed, 7. calippus and Z. spectabilis are differen- tiated from the more typical forms in other ways, for they share in common certain veuational peculiarities from which the larger species are excluded. For instance, they agree with one another and differ from Z. campanulata in the presence of a basal subcostal antenodal in all wings, and in the normal presence of a supplementary cubitc-anal cross-vein, in addition to the anal crossing and the base of the subtriangle. In the absence, however, of marked differences in the general design of the external genitalia and anal appendages, it seems a(lvisable to treat Z. spectabilis and Z. calippus as being con- generic with Z. campanu/ata. EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. Puate VI. Fig. 1. Gomphoides dentatus, Selys, 3, type. Right wings. G. Severin photo. Fig. 2. Ditto. Anal appendages in dorsal view. G. Severin photo. Fig. 3. Gomphoides distinguendus, sp. n., d, type. Right wings. G. Severin photo. tg. 4. Ditto. Anal appendages in dorsal view. G. Severin photo. Zig. 5, Ditto, Terminal segments of abdomen and anal appendages in dorsal and left profile view. G. Severin del. On a new Genus of Aviculariide. 141 Fig. 6. Gomphoides calverti, Kirby, 3, type. Terminal segments of abdomen and anal appendages, in left profileview. P. Highley cam. luc, et del. Fig. 7. Ditto. Penis and its vesicle, in left profile view. P. Highley cam. luc. et del. c, second joint of penis; d, vesicle of penis. PLATE VII. Fig. 8. Gomphordes camposi, Calvert, ¢, type. Penis and its vesicle, in left profile view. P. P. Calvert cam. luc. et del. c, second joint of penis ; d, vesicle of penis. Fig. 9. Ditto. Genitalia of second abdominal segment, in left profile view. P.P. Calvert cam. luc. et del. a, anterior hamule ; b, posterior hamule ; ¢, second joint of penis; d, vesicle of penis. Fig. 10. Zonophora bedkini, sp. n., 9, type. Left wings. F. W. Cam- pion photo. Fig. 11. Ditto. Vulvar lamina. H. Knight del. Fig. 12. Ditto. Maxilla. H. Knight del. Fig. 13. Ditto. Mandible, external view. H. Knight del. Fig. 14. Ditto. Mandible, internal view. H. Knight del. Fig. 15, Zonophora spectabilis, sp. u., od, type. Left wings, F. W, Campion photo. XVIII.—An interesting new Genus of Aviculariide. By Metto-Lerrao, M.D., Fellow of the Brazilian Society of Sciences. AmonGstT the abundant material of large Brazilian Mygales from the Museum of Natural History at 8. Paulo, I have found one very interesting species, collected at Marianna, Estado de Minas Geraes, by Mr. José Pinto da Fonseca, which is the type of the new genus described below. ANCYLOCHIROS *, gen. nov. Type, A. taunayi, sp. n. Cephalothorax low, a little longer than wide, the central fovea deep, transverse. ‘The ocular tumulus not much broader than long. ‘lhe anterior row of eyes strongly procurved, the anterior edge of the medians being behind the posterior edge of laterals; eyes nearly evenly spaced and subequal. Poste- rior medians much smaller than the anterior medians; posterior laterals about as large as the anterior laterals. Labium much broader than long, with the tip densely * ayktdos, curved; xeip, hand; an allusion to the shape of the palp- tarsus in female. 142 On a new Genus of Aviculariide. studded with cusps. Coxa of pedipalps witha very cuspulose basal area. Sternum a little longer than wide, with conspicuous poste- rior sigille, separated from the margin by nearly the same distance which divides them. Legs 4, 1, 2, 3 without spines ; the tarsal scopula of legs 1., L1., and IL. entire; of IV. with a narrow longitudinal band of spiniform bristles. There are no stridulating bristles. Palpal tarsus (in female) very bowed at the base ; beyond much depressed, a little hollow, with dorsal series of small spines. Male unknown. This genus is intermediate between the Ischnocolew and Aviculariex, Simon. From the Avicularieze it differs in the position of the posterior sternal sigille (marginal or sub- marginal in all the Aviculariezs) and in having the posterior tarsal scopula divided by a longitudinal band of spiniform bristles. I[t is distinguished from the Ischnocolee by the unarmed legs. From Phlogiodes, Pocock (to which, by the position of sternal sigilla, it is perhaps allied), it differs in having the thoracic central fovea straight (strongly pro- curved in Phlogiodes) and the anterior row of eyes strongly procurved (only a little in Phlogiodes). From all the Avicu- lariide: it differs by the anomalous form of palpal tarsus. Genotype : Ancylochiros taunayt*, sp. n. 2 .—34 mm. Cephalothorax very dark red-brown mahogany, clothed with dark pubescence. Cheliceres dark red-brown ;_fang- groove with eight black teeth on the inner margin and with long pink hairs. Sternum and cowe of the legs black, densely hairy ; labium and cove of pedipalps a little lighter. Legs dark red-brown, with long rust-coloured hairs. Abdomen black ; the dorsum with three pairs of large, oblique, rusty spots. ‘Che whole abdomen with long, semierect, rust- coloured hairs ; ventral area and spinnerets velvety black. Carapace a little longer than wide, as long as tibia+ patella I. or IV. and metatarsus+tarsus IV., longer than inetatarsus + tarsus I. Anterior eyes equal, in a row and strongly procurved. Posterior medians: much smaller than anterior medians, sepa- rated from the anterior medians and posterior jaterals by about a diameter. * I have much pleasure in naming this form in honour of Dr. A, de Taunay, Savant Director of the Sao Paulo Museum, at Ypiranga. On Rhynchota from New Caledonia. 143 Legs unarmed (38, 35, 34, and 41 mm.). Metatarsus I. and II. scopulated almost to base; metatarsus III. in the apical two-thirds ; 1V. without scopula. Palpal tarsus strongly bowed at basal third; beyond curved, hollow, depressed, with three longitudinal series of little black cuspids. Hab. Marianna (Estado de Minas Geraes). Coll. José Pinto da Fonseca. Type. A female, in the collections of the 8S. Paulo Museum. XIX.—LRhynchota from New Caledonia. By W. L. Disranr. THIS collection of Rhynchota was made during the expedition to New Caledonia during the whole of 1914 by Mr. P. W. Montague and Prof. RK. H. Compton to investigate the fauna and flora of this most interesting French colony *. The expenses of the expedition were largely defrayed by grants from the Royal Society, the Percy Sladen Trust Fund, and the Worts Fund of the University of Cambridge. Prof. R. H. Compton subsequently presided at the Botanical Gardens, Cape ‘Town, 8.A., but Mr. Montague was a victim in the late great war. I am informed by Mr. Hugh Scott, of Cambridge, that ‘*‘ Montague went over a trench in Macedonia and was never heard of again.” The whole of the Rhynchotal collection is now contained in the British Museum. Pann) “HETEROPTERA. Fam. Pentatomide. Subfam. Sevrrerreriv2. Genus CoLEOTICHUS, White f. Coleotichus costatus. Coleotichus costatus, Fabr. Mant. ii. p. 282 (1787). Hab. Mt. Dore, Noumea. * ‘The Geographical Journal,’ xlix. p. 81 (1917). + C. artensis, Montr. (Scutellera artensis), A. S. Linn, Lyon. y. p. 259 (1858), is also contained in the Brit. Mus. from both New Caledonia and Moreton Bay, Australia, but is not included in this collection nor in the one made by Sarasin and Roux which I previously worked out (Nov. Caled, Zool, 1. L. iv. 10 (1914), 144 Mr. W. L. Distant en Genus TEcTOocoRIS, Hahn. Tectocoris lineola. Cimex lineola, Fabr. Spec. Ins, ii. p. 840 (1781). Hab. Mt. Dore, Baie Ngo. Philia caledonica, sp. n. Dull reddish ochraceous; head, antenne, anterior area of pronotum, about anterior half of scutellum (excluding lateral margins), head and body beneath, tibiae and tarsi black or blackish ; anterior area of pronotum and basal area of scu- tellum with metallic greenish reflections ; antennee with the first and second joints shortest, fourth and fifth longest; a transverse series of punctures defining the short, slightly raised, anterior area of the pronotum; the whole upper surface more or less very finely punctate ; rostrum very dark testaceous and extending to base of abdomen ; legs somewhat strengly marginally hirsute. Long. 13 mm. Hab. Baie Ovemo. Philia geminata, sp. n. Body above dark shining indigo-blue, finely and thickly punctate; basal marginal areas of pronotum and scutellum (excluding their centres) shaded with metallic shining blue and green, a transverse shiving reddish-ochraceous fascia broken in the middle, but each part margined with metallic bluish green, crossing scutellum a little behind middle, and a similarly coloured spot near apex ; body beneath indigo-blue ; a transverse ochraceous fascia at base of"head between eyes ; coxe, trochanters and femora, and lateral margins of abdomen —inwardly indented on each segment—bright reddish ochra- ceous ; rostrum slightly passing the posterior coxee ; antenna black, first and second joints shortest and subequal in length, third and fourth also subequal, fifth longest; pronotum con- cavely impressed on each side at base, and scutellum elon- gately impressed on each side before middle. Long. 14 mm. Hab. Baie Ovemo. Chrysocoris sexmaculatus. Scutellera sevmaculata, Leach, Zool. Mise. il. p. 36, pl. xiv. (1815). Hab. Noumea. Rhynchota from New Caledonia. £45 Subfam. Crpyrva. Genus Haunt, Ellenr. Hahnia australis, Hahnia australis, Erichs. Faun, Vandiem., Arch, fiir Naturg. &, p. 275 (1842), Tlab. Mt. Mou. Subfam. PenwrarouinZ. NEOSURENUS, gen. nov. Allied to Surenus, Dist., from Burma*, but differing in the following characters AME adi ithtte lateral lobes much onger than the central lobe, but with their apices obliquely ounded, not obliquely subtruncate ; antenne with the first rolnt fet reaching apex of the head, the second and third joints and the fourth and fifth donuts subequal in length ; lateral angles of the pronotum not subprominent but oblique sly rounded, fle lateral margins not dentate and almost straiglitly oblique ; corium with, the lateral margins reaching and moderately passing the margins of the connexivam, which are entire and not angulated at the segmental incisures ; stigmatal spots to the abdomen very distinct and tuberculous, Neosurenus montaguet, sp. n. Above ochraceous, thickly and more darkly punctate ; eyes prominent. and black; membrane pale fuscous, with dark longitudinal veins; head beneath ochraceous, with a broad transverse fascia of black punctures between the eyes ; sternum ochraceous, thickly darkly punctate, black at the coxal basal areas, the lateral margins a little paler; abdomen beneath thickly darkiy punctate, stigmatal spots black, connexivum both above and beneath ochraceous, beneath with darker mottlings; legs and rostrum ochraceous, the latter reaching the intermediate coxze ; antenne ocliraceous, apical joint blackish but ochraceous at base ; other characters as in Bpnene diagnosis. Long. 124 mm. Hab. Mt. Panié. * Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1901, p. 106; Faun. Brit. Ind., Heteropt. i. p. 116, fig. 61, p. 117. Ann, & Mag. N. Hist, Ser. 9. Vol, vi. 10 146 Mr. W. L. Distant on © Polycarmes punctatissimus. Acanthidium punctatissimum, Monty. Ann. Soc. Linn, Lyon. vy. p. 245 (1858). Hab. Mt. Mou, Houadou R., near Dumbea, Panié. Eurinome tneonspicua. Pentatoma tnconspicua, Montr. Aun. Soc. Linn, Lyon. v. p. 249 (1858). Hab. Mt. Mou, Central District. Halyomorpha canalana. Halyomorpha canalana, Dist. in Sarasin and Roux, Noy. Caled. Zool. i. L. iv. no. 10, p. 374, pl. xii. fig. 7 (1914). Hab. Mt. Panié, near Dumbea. Genus STENozyGuM, Fabr. Stenozygum flavifrons. Stenozygum flavifrons, Dist. in Sarasin & Roux, New Caledonia, Zool. vol. i, L. iv. no. 10, p. 375, pl. xi. fig. 2 (1914). Hab. Ba Bay. Genus Cuspicona, Dall. Cuspicona viridis. Cuspicona viridis, Montr. Ann. Soc. Phys. (2) vii. p. 98 (1855). Cusprcona zeloma, Kirk, Cat. Hem. Het. p. 143. 20 (1909). Hab. Central District, Houadou. Many specimens of this species are ochraceous and may be considered as either discoloured or variable forms. Genus Morna, Stal. Morna leucospula. Morna leucospila, Walk. (Cuspicona) Cat. Hem. Het. ii. p. 387 (1867). Hab. Mt. Ignambi. Genus VITELLUS, Stal. Vitellus auricornis. Vitellus auricornis, Walk. (Cuspicona) Cat. Hem. Het. ii. p. 387 (1867). Hab. Mt. Koghi, Central District. Rhynehota from New Caledonia, 147 Genus PEGALA, Stal (nee Bergr. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Iviil, p. 143, 1914). Pegala levis. Pegala levis, Berg. Rev. Ent. xiii. p. 152 (1894). Pegala figuina, Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) vi. p. 590 (1910). Hab. New Caledonia ; Baie Ovemo. Queensland. In deseribing this species from Australia I had not thought it necessary to consult Bergroth’s description of his species from New Caledonia. ‘The British Museum has now exainples from both localities. The species, however, varies in length, some small specimens only attaining a length of 11 mm. Pegala virens, sp. n. Head, pronotum, scutellum, and corium virescent, basal marginal area of pronotum more or less testaceous, head and apical area of scutellum pale ochraceous ; membrane greyish brown ; body beneath and legs pale greenish, rostrum and a basal spot to abdomen dark testaceous ; antenne dark ochra- ceous, Joints (excluding first) almost subequal in length, but fourth and fifth a little stoutest; pronotum, seutelluin, aud corium thickly coarsely punctate, head more finely punctate ; body beneath finely and obscurely punctate ; abdomen cen- trally, finely, longitudinally ridged. Long. 10 mm. Hab, Plaine des Lacs. ; Pegala flavescens, s). n. Bright ochraceous ; lateral lobes of head, pronotal margins, a central, narrow, longitudinal fascia, and subapical area to scutellum, and the coriym paler and more stramineous ; body beneath (excluding rostrum, legs, and metasternum) paler and stramineous ; autenne stramineous, extreme apices of joints and the whole of fifth joint a little darker in hue, second and third joints a little longest and subequal, fourth and fifth a little shorter and subequal in length ; eyes black; ocelli small aud dark castaneous ; pronotum (excluding margins) coarsely punctate, basal lateral angles short, recurved, and sanguineous ; scutellum sparingly but distinctly punctate ; corium more finely and more thickly punctate; membrane shining greyish and moderately passing the abdominal apex, which beneath is armed with four short but robust longitu- dinal spines ; rostrum reaching the posterior coxze. Long. 12 mm. Hab. Noumea, 10* 1age) hr WL wieientien Subfam. Asoprv 2. Genus ANDRALLUS, Bergr. Andrallus spinidens. : Cimex spinidens, Fabr. Mant. Ins, ii. p. 286 (1787). Hab. Central District. Genus Eaupa, Walker. Ealda minax. Ealda minax, Walk. Cat. Het. ii. p. 409 (1867). Hab. Mt. Mou. Genus PLatynopus, Amy. & Serv. Platynopus melacanthus. Platynopus melacanthus, Boisd. Voy. Astrol., Ent. ii. p. 628, pl. ii. fig. 7 (1835). Hab. Central District. Fam. Coreida. Subfam. Corzrvz. Genus Micris, Leach. Mictis profana. Mictis profana, Fabr. Syst. Rhyng. p. 211 (1803). Hab. Mt. Mou, Noumea. Subfam. Azyprvz. Genus MIRPERUS, Stal. Mirperus curvidens. Mirperus curvidens, Monty. Ann, Soc. Linn. Lyon, (11) v. p. 254 (1858). Hab. Central District, Mt. Mou. Subfam. Corrzrz. Genus SERINETHA. Serinetha isolata. Serinetha isolata, Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xiii. p. 179 (1914). Hab. Mt. Noumea. Originally described from the Marshall Islands. Rhynchota from New Caledonia. 149 RANTURRA, gen. nov. Body long g, narrow and elongate ; head distinctly longer than broad, produced beyond the antenniferous tubercles, the lateral lobes distinctly bifidly separate at apices, two distinct ocelli near base and between lower margins of eyes; antennae with the basal joint longer and more robust than the other joints ; rostrum with the basal joint not extending much beyond the middle of head, almost in a line with posterior margins of eyes, apex about reaching the intermediate coxee ; scutellum elongate, longer than “broad, lateral margins obliquely straight; membrane a little longer than corium, but not reaching abdominal apex ; legs long and slender, femora and tibiee almost baler in length, the femora distinctly stouter than the tibiew ; tarsi with the basal joint much the longest. Allied to Turrana, Dist., from Queensland, but differing from that genus by the much more slender antenne, much more elongate head, and longer and more slender legs, &e. Ranturra attenuata, sp. n. Head, pronotum, scutellum, and corium brownish ochra- ceous, the pronotum, scutellum, and corium thickly, finely, darkly punctate, the anterior margin of the pronotum usually narrowly pale sanguineous; membrane shining metaliic brown; abdomen above as seen beyond apex of membrane more or less piceous, the lateral margins ochraceous ; body beneath and legs ochraceous; sternum thickly, somewhat coarsely punctate. Long. 11-12 mm. Hab. Central area of New Caledonia and Houadou R. CRISTOVALLIA, gen. nov. Body moderately elongate; head large, about as long as breadth at base (including eyes, which are large and promi- nent), lateral margins anteriorly narrowed and concavely sinuate, central lobe prominent but not passing apex of head ; antenniferous tubercles stout and prominent; antennz with the basal and apical joints stoutest, second and. third slender, second longest; rostrum reaching base of abdomen, first joint scarcely passing base of head ; mesosternum centrally incised; pronotum a little shorter than broad, obliquely, straightly deflected from near base to apex, lateral margins straightly narrowing to apex, lateral angles prominent ; scutellum subtri anoular ; corium and membrane subequal in length ; legs moderately slender, femora and tibie subequal 150 Mr. W. L. Distant on in length, the femora moderately and equally thickened for their own length. The length and shape of the head denotes affinity with the genera Clavigralla and Ceraleptus. Cristovallia typica, sp. 0. Head testaceous brown, lateral margins before and behind eyes ochraceous, eyes dark castaneous ;_ ocelli at base purplish red ; antennze with the first, second, and third joints pale castaneous, their extreme apices and the fourth joint (excluding a pale basal annulation) black, basal joint stoutest and moderately curved; pronotum ochraceous, its basal margin dark castaneous ; scutellum ochraceous ; corium and membrane dark castaneous, their lateral margins ochraceous ; body beneath and legs ochraceous ; pronotum thickly coarsely punctate, the basal angles subacutely straightly prominent ; corium thickly punctate ; sternum thickly coarsely punctate. Long. 12 mm. Hab. Baie Ovemo. Fam. Lygeide. Subfam. Lyrearm. Genus Ly@aus, Fabr. Lygeus hospes. Lygeus hospes, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iv. p. 150 (1794). Hab. Mt. Mou. Genus ONCOPELTUS, Stal. Oncopeltus rubromarginatus, sp. Nn. Body above, antenna, and legs black; connexivum, sternum, and abdomen beneath sanguineous ; antennee mode- rately stout, basal joint only just passing apex of head, second joint longer than third, fourth -stoutest, about as long as second joint; body depressed; pronotum with the basal angles a little posteriorly produced, a faint, central, longitu- dinal carination and a much stronger transverse subapical carination, the surface somewhat coarsely punctate; scutellum slightly tumescent and broadly, centrally, longitudinally carinate; corium with the veins very prominent, membrane reaching abdominal apex, the venation distinctly prominent ; rostrum almost unseen in carded type. Long. 7 mm. Hab, Central District. ——— ee Rhynchota from New Caledonia. 151 Nystus caledonie, sp. n. Head, pronotum, and scutellum ochraceous, somewhat thickly darkly punctate ; eyes and an elongate spot near their inner margins, a narrow transverse fascia near anterior margin of pronotum, basal margin, a central longitudinal line and basal angles to same, basal margin, and a central longitudinal line to scutellum black ; antennze ochraceous, first and fourth joints and extreme apices of second and third joints distinetly darker, sometimes blackish in hue; corium dull pale ochra- ceous, membrane greyish white ; body beneath and legs dull ochraceous, femora blackly punctate, apices of tarsal joints black ; second and fourth joints of antennee longest and sub- equal in length, basal joint shortest and with the fourth joint stoutest; basal area of abdomen beneath and large macula- tions to sternum black; rostrum about reaching posterior coxe ; three small linear black spots on apical margin of corium, Long, 4-44 mm. Hab. Central District ; Gondé. Allied to WN. delectus, Buch. White, from the Sandwich Islands. Subfam. Brisszw zx. Genus Macropes, Motsch. Macropes montaguet, sp. n. Head and pronotum black, apex of the first and basal third of the second pale testaceous, scutellum testaceous ; corium stramineous ; membrane greyish, the veins blackish ; head and sternum beneath blackish, abdomen and legs sanguineous ; central lobe of head distinctly projecting ; antenne with the fourth and second joints longest, first joint not quite reaching apex of head; corium and membrane short, the latter only just passing the base of the fourth abdominal segment ; ante- rior and intermediate femora distinctly incrassated, the first spinous beneath. Long. 63-7 mm. Hab. Plaine des Lacs. Subfam. G'zocorrv 2. Genus Neocyeus, Dist. Neocypus variegatus. Ocypus variegatus, Monty. Ann. Soc. Ent, Fr. (4) i. p, 68 (1861). Hab. Mt. St. Arago ; Mt. Ignambi. oa [52 Mr. W. L: Distant on Neocypus seutellatus, sp. 0. Head ochraceous, finely darkly punctate, the stylated eyes pale castaneous, their bases ochraceous ; antenne ochraceous ; apices of the first, second, and third joints and the whole of the fourth joint black; pronotum ochraceous, coarsely thickly punctate, the margins and a central longitudinal line pale levigate ochraceous, a prominent black spot on each basal angle and two similar spots near anterior margin; scutellum ochraceous, thickly and more darkly punctate, a central pale levigate longitudinal line extending from apex to about one- third from anterior margin, where it bifureates towards the basal angles, which are black ; corium pale ochraceous, the clavus distinctly darker in hue, an angulate elongate black line extending from about the apical third of costal mar in to near middle of apical margin, and the apical angles black, a prominent black spot at apex of membrane ; legs very pale ochraceous ; femora blackly punctate, more densely go near apices, extreme apices of tibia and apices of tarsal joints black ; antennze with the first, second, and third joints ochra- ceous, their apices and the whole of the fourth joint black or dark fuscous, second joint longest, third and fourth joints subequal in length ; body beneath imperfectly seen in carded specimens. Long. 43-53 mm. Hah. Central District; Mt. St. Arago and Rhoo Houadou Rh. Neocypus minor, sp. n. Head ochraceous, obscurely, thickly, finely punctate, the punctures not daikened, a small central black spot near apex, the stylated eyes reddish castaneous, their bases ochraceous ; antennee ochraceous, the extreme apices of the first, second, and third joints and the whole of the fourth joint black ; pronotum somewhat short and broad, coarsely, thickly, blackly punctate, a transverse levigate, slightly raised, ochra- ceous fascia near anterior margin and a similar fascia at basal margin, a minute black spot at basal angles ; seutellum ochraceous, thickly and more darkly punctate, a central, pale, narrow, longitudinal, levigite line extending throughout its entire length, and a similar levigate angular spot at each basal angle, well separated from the central line, basal angles concolorous, not black; corium pale ochraceous, the clavus thickly blackly punctate, the discal area more darkly ochra- ceous in hue; membrane pale hyaline, reflecting the darker abdomen beneath; legs pale ochraceous, femora not blackly a es ne a eee a Rhynchota from New Caledonia. Lae punctate; antennez with the first, second, and third joints ochraceous, their extreme apices and the whole of the fourth joint black, second joint longest, third distinctly shorter than fourth ; borty beneath imper fectly seen in carded specimen. Long. 43 mm. (No | precise locality given.) The shorter and broader pronotum and the absence of the prominent black spots near anterior margin of same will alone distinguish this species from MW. scitellatus. Neoeypus montanus, sp. 0. Head, pronotum, and corium dark purplish red ; head and pronotum more or less densely greyishly pubescent, apex of head black, eyes castaneous, their bases pale stramineous ; antenna castaneous, second * oint longest, fourth mutilated ; scutellum pale shining greyish white, ‘extreme base and apex dark purplish red ; membrane pale semiliyaline, reflecting the dark abdomen beneath; body beneath purplish red; head beneath, large marginal spots to sternum, and broad abdo- minal segmental margins creamy white ; legs ochraceous, the farsitestacecus : rostruin purplish red, ‘but imperfectly seen in carded ie adie Long. 65 mm. Hab. Me S. Arago. Genus NeoGerRMALUS, Montand. Neogermalus membraneus. Opthalmicus membraneus, Montr. Ann. Soc, Ent. Fr. 1861, p. 67. Neogermalus membraneus, Montand. Bull. Ac. Roum. i. p. ’50 (1918). Neogermalus membraneus, Montand. Bull. Ac. Roum. ii. p, 51 (1915). Germalus montandont, Bergr. Roy. Soc. Victoria, xxix. (n. 8.) pt. I, p. 86 (1916). Subfam. Oxycareving. Genus OxYCARENUS, Fieb. Oxvycarenus luctuosus. Oxycarenus luctuosus, Montr. Ann, Soc. Ent. Fr, 1861, p. 67. Hab. Noumea. Genus LACHNOPHOROIDES, Dist. Lachnophorcides luteovaria, sp. 0 Head and pronotum black ; lateral margins of the head in 154 Mr. W. L. Distant on front of eyes greyish white; posterior area of pronotum with three longitudinal ochraceous lines and a spot of the same colour near middle of lateral margins; scutellum black ; corium black, claval area, base, some small discal spots, and Inner apical margin reddish ochraceous ; membrane black, with irregular dark ochraceous spots; body beneath—im- perfectly seen in carded type—pale castaneous ; femora and tibiee black, their apices and the tarsi pale ochraceous ; antennze with the first and second joints ochraceous, third and fourth joints piceous, first considerably passing apex of head, second a little longest, fourth a little shorter than third ; pronotum transverse, about as long as broad at base, trans- versely impressed behind middle; femora incrassate, anterior femora more strongly so, spined beneath, more longly so near apices, Long. 5 mm. Hab. Central District. Subfam. Apwaniva. Cligenes niveomaculatus, sp. n. Body above dull sanguineous ; eyes black; a spot on each lateral margin of pronotum, the same on lateral margins of scutellum near base, and two smaller spots at apical margins of same, a small basal marginal spot to corium, and a larger spot margined with black beyond middle white, narrowly margined with black; apical margins of corium narrowly ochraceous ; membrane black; body beneath sanguineous ; legs ochraceous ; antennze ochraceous, apical joint piceous, first, third, and fourth joints subequal in length, second joint a little longest ; pronotum medially transversely impressed. Long. 2} mm. Hab. Houadou. Genus Leruaus, Dall. Letheus tenebrosus. Letheus tenebrosus, Dist. in Noy. Caled. Zool. i. L. iv. no. 10, p. 382, pl. xii. fig. 4 (1914). Hab. Heingheue. Letheeus aurantiacus. Letheus aurantiacus, Dist. in Noy. Caled. Zool. i. L. iv. no. 10, p. 882, pl. xii. fig. 5 (1914). In the specimens received from the Montague collection the castaneous areas of the femora and antenne are ochraceous. Hab. Carevin and Central Districts. Rhynchota from New Caledonia, 155 MIRRHINA, gen. nov. Tlead acuminate, more than half the length of pronotum, acuminately produced in front of eyes; antenne with the basal joint longly passing apex of head, first and second joints Jongest and almost subequal in length, ‘third and fourth joints shortest ; rostrum about reaching the intermediate cox, first joint not reaching base of head; pronotum finely transversely constricted, the anterior lobe shorter than the posterior, lateral margins sinuate ; scutellum somewhat large and long, the apex subacute; corium a little longer than membrane, the latter with the veins more or less reticulate; legs with the femora a little thickened, but not distinctly incrassate ; mem- brane slightly passing abdominal apex *. Mirrhina albicollis, sp. n Head dark castaneous, eyes black ; antenne with the first and second joints ochraceous, third and fourth jomts piceous ; pronotum with the anterior collar palg ochraceous, the anterior lobe castaneous, the posterior lobe brownish ochraceous, darkly punctate, with darker longitudinal lines ; ecutellum piceous, the lateral margins and apex ochraceous ; corium ochraceous, darkly punctate, usually with a small greyish- white spot, the apical margin narrowly piceous; membrane dull ochraceous, with darker margins and a central longitu- dinal dark line; legs ochraceous ; other structural characters as in generic deg Terie 4-43) mm. lab. Houadon, Mt. St. Arago. Fam. Pyrrhocoride. Genus DyspErcus, Amy. & Serv. Dysdercus side. Dysdercus side, Monty. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1861, p. 68. flab. Central District, Houadou R., Mt. Mou, Mt. Dore. Fam, Tingidide. Division CANTACADERARTA, CORINTHUS, gen. nov. Head about as long as breadth between eyes, a long, * From the descriptions the species Lygeus pulchellus, Monty., and Lygeus biguttatus, Monty. (Ann. Soc, Linn, Lyon, v. p. 255, 1858), appear to also belong to this genus. 156 Mr. W. L. Distant on slightly recurved, and upwardly directed spine in front of each eye; antenne inserted near middle of the lateral margins of the head, basal joint robust, longer than broad, second joint shorter than first and only moderately incraasated, third joint very long and slender, fourth moderately incrassated, a little longer than first; rostrum imperfectly seen in carded speci- mens; pronotum with the lateral margins moderately laminate and upwardly recurved; scutellum a little longer than broad ; hemelytra reticulated, with the areas distinct. Allied to Conycentrum, Fiebs but differing by the much larger and more elongate scutellum, which is centrally and late rally longitudinally strongly carinate. ie : Corinthus typicus, sp. n. Stramineous, the lateral areas of the pronotum and _ the lateral and apical areas of the hemelytra paler in hue ; apical joint of the antennee black, with its extreme base stramineous ; pronotum with two ochraceous slightly conically raised spots near middle, divided bg a central longitudinal carination ; there is also a less continuous longitudinal carination on each lateral area, the lateral areas laminately upturned and more largely and prominently reticulate; scutellum prominently and laterally longitudinally carinate ; lateral and apical areas of the hemelytra more prominently and largely reticulate, as in the pronotum. Long. 35 mm. Hab. Houadou. Compseuta signata, sp. n. Head black ; antennee ochraceous, apical joint (excluding extreme base) black; pronotum ochraceous, with two spots behind head and two elongate spots near apex black, the anterior margin narrowly and the apex more prominently pale ochraceous ; legs ochraccous ; elytra pale ochraceous, the margins of the cells on about basal third black ; costal area of the elytra moderately ampliate, the pronotum laterally convexly narrowed behind eyes ; first joint of antennee about twice the length of second joint, third joint much the longest ; pronotum laterally concavely narrowed behind eyes. Long. 4 mm. flab, Paompai. NOBARNUS, gen. nov. Antenne slender, finely pilose, first and second joints shoit and incrassate, second much shorter than first, third very a Rhynchota from New Caledonia. 157 Jong and slender, fourth only about as long as first ; head short, transverse; eyes not separated from anterior margin of pronotum ; pronotum with the anterior margin truncate, the anterior angles not prominent, somewhat broadly rounded, slightly laterally ampliate, centrally longitudinally tricarinate, the carinations straight; elytra with the costal area non- ampliate, but narrow, the areolets small. Allied to Compseuta, Stal, but differing by the non-ampliated costal area of the elytra, the pronotum not laterally concavely narrowed behind eyes, &c. Nobarnus typicus, sp. n. Head black, antennze ochraceous, the apical joint (excluding extreme base) black ; pronotum black, the lateral margins, apex, and tlree discal longitudinal lines pale ochraceous ; elytra pale ochraceous, the basal and apical areas broadly piceous and very narrowly connected by a longitudinal series of darker cells ; abdomen above shining black ; body beneath imperfectly seen in carded specimen; anterior and inter- mediate legs ochraceous ; structural characters as in generic diagnosis. Long. 4 mm. flab. Mt. Arago. Fam. Aradide. Subfam. BracnyrHyNcHINe. Phleobia say. b. Phieobia sayz, Monty. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, (2) x1. p. 286 (1865). Hab. Dumbea. Cienoneurus lifuanus. Ctenoneurus lifuanus, Montr. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr, 1861, p. 69. Hab. Noumea. Fam. Hydrometride. Subfam. Vezrrvz. Rhagovelia nigricans, Rhagovelia nigricans, Burm. Handb, Ent. ii. p. 213 (1835), Hab. Near Dumbea, Mt. Mou, Ignambi. 158 Mr. W. L. Distant on Subfam. Gerri. Gerris luctuosa. Gerris luctuosa, Monty. Aun. Soc. Linn. Lyon, xi. p. 242 (1864). Hab. Central District, Mt. Mou. Halobates germanus. Halobates germanus, Buch. White, Rep. Voy. ‘Challenger,’ Zool. vii. p. 50, pl. i. fig. 6 (1888). Hab. Bai Bay, Noumea. Hal. bates flaviventris. Halobates flaviventris, Esch. Entomograph. i. p. 109, t. x1. fig. 5 (1822) ; Buch. White, Rep. Voy. ‘Challenger,’ Zool. vii. p. 55, t. xi. fig. 2 (1883). Hab. Bay of Prony; Kaouakoué Bay; Ba Bay ; Noumea. Apparently a variable species. Fam. Reduviide. Subfam. Hwesrv x. Ploiariola babayana, sp. n. Head, pronotum, and scutellum pale ochraceous; eyes black, lateral margins of pronotum black; abdomen above pale testaceous, basal area black; body beneath and legs ochraceous, anterior femora with three broad dull testaceois annulations ; apices of the intermediate and posterior femora black ; antenne pale ochraceous, first joint longer than the second, the apices of the first annulated with black; hemelytra very pale luteous, mottled with darker macular marki gs anil with about four costal elongate blackish spots; wings dull greyish white, the veins darker. Long. 7 mm. Hab. Ba Bay. Subfam. Sarcrwa. Polytoxvus jourdant. Leptomera jourdani, Monty. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, (2) xi. p. 238 (1864). Polytovus jourdani, Schout. Ann, Soe, nt. Belg. li, p. 117 (1907). Hab. Carovin, Houadou R. ee a ees oe ee ee eee a ———— ou ito} Rhynchota from New Caledonia. 1 Subfam. Srzworopin2. Sastrapada armata. Sastrapada armata, Monty, Ann. Soc. Linn, Lyon, (2) xi, p. 239 (1864). Hab. Central District. Sastrapada nigrolineata, sp. n. Head, pronotum, and scutellum pale dull ochraceous, head with the lateral margins of the central lobe and two central, longitudinal, anteriorly and posteriorly divergent lines on basal area between eyes and the lateral margins behind eyes pale fuscous brown; ocelli reddish, eyes black ; antenne pale dull ochraceous, second joint longest ; pronotum with three longitudinal linear dark fasciee, of which one is central and the other two sublateral; scutellum with a broad, central, dark, longitudinal fascia and the basal angles of the same hue; tegmina dull ochraceous, with darker linear and macu- late suffusions, the costal area distinctly paler; membrane greyish, the veins darker, the apical area also darkly suffused ; body beneath—imperfectly seen in carded specimen—and the legs pale dull ochraceous ; anteocular portion of head longer than posterior portion, obsoletely broadly prominent behind eyes, rostrum with the first joint about equal in length to the two apical joints together; anterior femora moderately incrassated, shortly spinose beneath. Long. 8 mm. Hab, Central District. Oncocephalus velutinus. Oncocephalus velutinus, Montr. Ann, Soc, Linn, Lyon, (2) xi, p. 239 (1864). Hab. Mt. Mou. Subfam. AcanrHAsPrmpin#. UTILITARIA, gen, nov. Head large and robust, anteocular a little longer than post- ocular area, eyes large, extending transversely across tle lateral areas of the head, anterior margin biangulate ; an- tennes with the first joint about as long as head, basal joint a little stoutest, moderately curved, and shorter than the second joimt; rostrum robust, first and second joints subequal in length, apical joint reaching the anterior coxe; prouotum 160 Mr. W. L. Distant on about twice as broad at base as at anterior margin, the anterior angles tuberculously acute, transversely constricted near middle, the anterior area convex and rugosely convoluted, the posterior area broadly but not deeply centrally sulcate, the lateral angles shortly but robustly acute ; scutellum with the apex somewhat strongly and longly apically recurved ; femora moderately long, anterior femora the more robust ; abdomen beneath centrally convexly ridged ; connexivum broad and somewhat at right angles with the abdomen. Allied to Gerbelius, Dist. Utilitaria typiea, sp. n. Head, pronotum, and scutellum dull black; lateral margins of head near insertion of antennge, lateral margins between eyes, two circular fascia on anterior pronotal lobe, two oblique econ each lateral area of the posterior lobe, the apices of the lateral angles, and the narrow posterior pronotal margin dull testaceous ; scutellum black, its apex dull testaceous ; corlum stramineous, the basal and apical areas, clavus, and a few small spots on the pale area dull blackish; membrane piceous ; head and body beneath dull blackish ; legs ochra- ceous, two broad annulations to femora, three annulations to anterior and intermediate tibie, and two annulations to posterior tibie black ; antennee with the first and secoud joints stoutest and dull testaceous, remaining joints slender and dull ochraceous, second joint longest ; anterior pronotal angles somewhat shortly and robustly produced, posterior pronotal angles more strongly produced, disk of pronotum rugosely punctate; other structural characters as in generic diagnosis. Long. 11 mm. Hab. Central District. Fam. Capside. Callicratides antennalis, sp. 0. Ochraceous ; eyes black; antennze ochraceous, basal joint pale sanguineous, apex of second joint black, third and fourth joints black, with their bases narrowly ochraceous ; ; pronotum with a short longitudinal black line on basal area, three spots (sometimes wanting) on the anterior collar, and the extreme basal angles black, basal marginal area mone or less easta- neous 3 margins and a central longitudinal line to scutellum, inner and outer margins of clavus, “and narrow apical margins to corlum black ; membrane very pale ochraceous, with the venation black ; body beneath and legs ochraceous: apices of — Rhynchota from New Caledonia. 161 the femora castaneous ; corium more or less pale castaneous, with the lateral marginal areas and the cuneus very pale ochraceous ; antenne with the basal joint incrassated, about as long as head, second joint longest, moderately thickened, about four times as long as first; scutellum moderately long, tumid, subdepressed, and longitudinally sulcate; femora moderately incrassated. Long. 5 mm, flab. Central District and Upper Houadou R. Allied to C. rama, Kirby, from Ceylon and Seychelles. FALISCUS, gen. nov. Elongate ; head moderately robust and tumid, narrowly and obscurely centrally longitudinally sulcate near base ; antenne with the first joint about as long as pronotum, second joint longest, third scarcely more than half the length of second; pronotum elongate, with a broad anterior collar, broadly transversely depressed near middle, the anterior lobe distinctly narrower than the posterior lobe, which has the basal angles nodulose ; scutellum moderately tumid, about as bioad at base as long; hemelytra much longer than broad, the lateral margins slightly convex, cuneus elongate ; legs somewhat long and slender; rostrum about reaching the intermediate coxz ; membrane elongate, distinctly longer than broad, Allied to Harpedona, Dist. Faliscus cuneatus, sp. n. Ochraceous, maculately marked with fuscous and red ; antennee dull ochraceous, apices of first and second joints black, bases and apices of third joint narrowly greyish white; eyes black ; head with a central reddish longitudiual line, the lateral margins behind eyes narrowly black; pronotum thickly darkly punctate, the anterior lobe with its lateral areas blackish ; scutellum with the basal angles and apex black ; clavus darkly punctate and finely maculate, the spots on the apical area rather larger ; corium darkly maculate and more or less suffused with fuscous, the dark spots on lateral areas largest, cuneus distinctly spotted with red; membrane ochra- ceous, somewhat largely suffused with fuscous ; legs ochra- ceous, annulated with fuscous, the posterior tibize less so than the anterior and intermediate tibizw, basal areas of the femora sparingly spotted with red; other structural characters as in generic diagnosis. Long. 7-8 mm. Hab. Mt. St. Arago. Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. aa 162 Mr. W. L. Distant on Megacelum nigroscutellatum, sp. 0. Ochraceous, moderately and testaceously punctate ; an- tenn ochraceous, apices of the first and second joints fuscous ; eyes black ; pronotum with the lateral areas generally more or less testaceous, two dark spots on anterior lobe and a series of dark spots on basal margin, the whole surface distinctly punctate; scutellum with the apex broadly black; corium finely, more darkly, and testaceously punctate, the lateral marginal areas paler and sparsely maculate ; cuneus finely testaceously maculate ; membrane dull greyish with darker suffusions ; legs pale ochraceous, the apical areas of the femora and the tibiz with darker annulations; first joint of antenne slightly incrassated, a little longer than head, second joint about twice as long as first; membrane passing abdo- minal apex. Var.—Scutellum with two small black spots on apical area, not apically broadly black. Long. 5 mm. Hab, Central Distriets, Upper Houadou, Gonde. NEMESIANUS, gen. Nov. Subelongate; head with a distinct central longitudinal carination; eyes somewhat prominent, contiguous to the anterior margin of the pronotum, but moderately projecting beyond it; antennee with the first joint moderately incras- sated, about as long as head, second joint about three times as long as first, third and fourth joints short, slender, third a little longer and stouter than fourth; rostrum indistinctly seen in carded specimens; pronotum about as long as half the width at base, the basal latcral angles subprominent, the lateral margins a little concavely sinuate ; scutellum trian- gular, about as long as broad at base; femora somewhat strongly incrassate. Allied to Taneredus, Dist. Nemesianus nigroruber, sp. n. Head, pronotum, and scutellum dull dark sanguineous, eyes and basal area of pronotum piceous or black ; antennz with the first joint testaceous, its apex narrowly black, second joint pale testaceous, with nearly its apical half black, third and fourth joints black, their extreme bases paler ; corium piceous, Rhynchota from New Caledonia. 163 cuneus testaceous, membrane piceous; femora testaceous, tibiee and tarsi ochr aceous, apices of tarsi black ; structural characters as in generic diagnosis, Long. 4 mm. jenn Central Districts. Calocoris montaguet, sp. nN. gue, Dull dark brownish ochraceous, head, anterior and lateral areas of pronotum, lateral margin of corium, and the cuneus pale ochraceous, a subbasal sp: staid apex of lateral margins : corium dark brownish ochraceous ; legs ochraceous, poste- rior femora castaneous, their bases ochraceous ; body beneath —imperfectly seen in carded specimens—testaceous brown ; antenne pale ochraceous, apex of second joint black, third and fourth joints more or less fuscous, basal joint stoutest, about as long as head, second joint about or a little more than twice as long as first; tibie setose, posterior femora somewhat strongly thickened ; eyes black. Long. 4 mm. Hab. Central Districts, Upper Houadou R. Calocoris nigristiymaticus, sp. 0. Stramineous ; first joint of antenna (excluding apex and base and apex of second joint), eyes, apices of scutellum and clavus, basal and apical spots to cuneus, extreme base of posterior tarsi, and apices of all the tarsi black ; membrane greyish white; first joint of antenna stoutest, about as long as head, second joint longest ; femora moderately incrassated. Long. 4 mm. Hab, Central Districts. Caulocoris aragonus, sp. n. Pale stramineous; eyes and lateral margins of scutellum dark testaceous, inner claval margins, a spot near claval apices, and a central linear fascia to membrane bright sanguineous ; apex of second antennal joint black, first joint about as long as head, second joint three times as long as first; femora moderately incrassated, Long. 4 mm. Hab. Mt. St. Arago. pA B 164 On Rhynchota from New Caledonia. GUNADHYA, gen. nov. First joint of the antennee considerably longer than the head, second joint slightly shorter than first and a little more than subequal in length to third joint ; pronotum almost twice as broad at base as long and about three times the breadth of anterior margin ; scutellum broad and subglobose ; corium broad, the lateral margins rounded, ampliate and recurved, cuneus large and ample; the posterior tarsi with the apical joint longest. Allied to Pucorus, Dist., from British India, but with the corium shorter and broader, the lateral margins much more convex, ampliate, and recurved. Gunadhya rubrofasetata, sp. n. Reddish ochraceous, lateral margins of corium more san- guineous in hue, cuneus very pale stramineous in hue, its posterlor margin very narrowly pale fuscous; antenne, rostrum, and legs pale stramineous; body beneath imperfectly seen in carded type; pronotum thickly coarsely punctate ; scutellum globose, impunctate ; lateral margins of corium convex, ampliate, and reeurved, with sanguineous reticulations. Long. 4 mm. flab. Upper Houadou R. Family Pelogonide. Sabfam., Peroconrz. Pelogonus marginatus. Pelogonus marginatus, Latr. (Acanthia) Hist. Ins, xii. p, 242 (1804). - Hab. Gondé ; Houadou R. Fam. Notonectide. Subfam. Noroyxorrv 2. Enithares bergrothi. Enithares bergrethi, Montand. Rey. d’Ent. xi. p. 75 (1892). Hab. Near Dumbea. On a Whale-barnacle from Antarctic Seas. 165 XX.—A Whale-barnacle of the Genus Xenobalanus from Antarctic Seas. By W. T. Catan, D.Sc. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) AmonG the barnacles that infest the skin of whales Xeno- balanus globicipitis, Steenstrup, is remarkablein that, although belonging to the sessile or operculate group of the Cirripedia, it closely resembles in general appearance the species of the ‘pedunculate genus Conchoderma. It has hitherto been known only from the North Atlantic, and it seems desirable, there- fore, to record the fact that the Natural History Museum has recently received specimens of what appears to be the sama species from the Antarctic region. Xenobalanus globicipitis, Steenstrup. Xenobalanus globicipitis, Steenstrup, Overs. K. danske Vidensk. Selsk. Forh, 1852, no. 2, p. 158; id. Vidensk. Medd. Nat. Foren. Kjében- havn, 1851 (1852), p. 62, pl. iii. figs. 11-15 ; Darwin, Balanide, 1854, p- 440, pl. xvii. figs. 4 a-4.e; (with var. pallidus) Pilsbry, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xcili. 1916, p. 283, pl. Ixv. figs. 2, 2a, 2b. Locality — South Shetland Islands, 5th March, 1918, from the tail of a finner-whale. Collected by Mr. A. G. Bennett. Distribution.—F aroe Islands, between Madeira and Eng- land, Madeira, Azores (Steenstrup, Darwin) ; New England (Pilsbry) : on pectoral, dorsal, and tail-fins of Globicephala. Shetland, on tail of Balenoptera physalus, R. C. Haldane Coll. (Mus. Brit. and Mus. Zool. Cambridge). Remarks.—The specimens from the South Shetlands are in very bad condition, few of them showing more than the basal star-shaped shell and the empty cuticle of the body-sheath, Tn one specimen two or three cirri are preserved. Further, in consequence of having been kept for two years in formalin, the shell is in all cases exceedingly friable, so that it falls to pieces almost at a touch. In all characters that ean be ascertained, except that of size, however, the specimens agree with the descriptions of X. globicipitis and with the specimens in the Museum collection. Darwin states that the largest specimen he had seen was nearly 2 inches long, aad that its shell measured “from extreme point to point nearly a quarter of an inch in diameter.” Among the specimens from the South Shetlands the longest measures 75 mm., and it is imperfect at the distal end, so that its length may have 166 On Remains of the Great Auk and Ptarmigan. been considerably greater. The greatest diameter of its shell, measured obliquely from tip to tip of the “rays,” is 16 mm. In the published records of the species the only hosts men- tioned by name are species of Globicephala ; but, as noted above, there are in the British Museum and in the Museum of Zoology, Cambridge, specimens taken off Shetland by | Mr. R. C. Haldane from the tail of a finner-whale (Balenc- ptera physalus). «Similarly, the specimens now recorded from the South Shetlands were attached near the margin of the tail-Aukes of an Antarctic finner, which many authorities regard as specifically identical with B. physalus. XXI.—Remains of the Great Auk and Ptarmigan in the Channel Islands. By C. W. ANbREws, D.Sc., FAS. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) A SMALL collection of fragmentary bones from a cave in St. Brelade’s Bay, Jersey, was recently sent to me_ by Professor R. R. Marett, F.S.A., for examination. The specimens were few and very imperfect, but they included two interesting additions to the fauna previously recorded from the locality. The most important is the upper end of a right humerus of the great auk (Alcea impennis, Linn.) : this fragment is quite characteristic and unmistakable. ‘l'ie most southerly locality from which remains of the species had previously been recorded is, I believe, Co. Waterford, where they were found in kitehen-middens, and described by R. G. Ussher in the ‘Irish Naturalist,’ vol. vii., Jan. 1899, p. 1. Prof. Marett informs me that in a recently opened recess of the Cavern of Gargas (Hautes Pyrénées) there was found engraved on the wall the figure of a bird which was supposed to represent the great auk. IPf this determination turns out to be correct, it would show that the range ot this bird was at one time far greater than has hitherto been supposed. The other interesting specimen from St. Brelade’s Bay is a left tarsc-metatarsus of the ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus, Montin, sp.), also new to this locality. Previous collections include remains of the woolly rhinoceros, reindeer, cave-bear, and other characteristic Pleistocene animals. On some Freshwater Fishes from Lower Congo. 167 XXIT.— On some Freshwater Fishes from Lower Congo. . By E1nar LONNBERG and HIALMAR RENDAHL. THe R. Nat. Hist. Museum in Stockholm has recently received from the Swedish missionary, Rev. K. E. Laman, D.D., a small coliection of freshwater fishes collected in Lower Congo, partly at Mukimbungu in Belgian Congo and partly at Kingoyi at the watershed between French and Belgian Congo. ‘This collection- does not contain more than twenty different species, but it proved at a closer examination to be quite valuable, because not less than six of these species appear to be new. A rather unexpected discovery was also the find of a member of the Hast-African genus Discognathus in Lower Congo. Mormyrops deliciosus, Leach. Native name “ Mbono.” Locality. Congo River, Mukimbuneu. One specimen, about 60 em. in total length. Labeo longipinnis, Bley. Native name ‘*‘ Lombuka.” Locality. Congo River, Mukimbuneu. y. Cong : gu. One specimen, measuring about 22 em. in total length. pee cae 8 Sues, This specimen agrees on the whole quite well with Boulenger’s description. ‘he pectoral is, however, not quite g p : 3 , as long as the head, and it does not reach the ventral. The length of the head is not contained fully four times in the length of head and body. Labeo nasus, Blgr. Native name “ Mbemba.”’ Locality. Kwilu River, Mukimbungu. One specimen, 46°5 cm. in total length. This specimen differs from Boulenger’s description in the following points :—The head is large, so that its length is not contained more than 3? times in total length, and the depth of the body is only contained 33 times in the same. It is possible that these differences are due to the much larger size of our specimen than those examined by Boulenger (19 cm.). 168 Messrs. E. Linnberg and H. Rendahl on With full certainty the relative smallness of the eye can be counted as due to this fact; its length is contained ten times im the length of head and four times in the interorbital width. Polypterus congicus, Blgr. Native name ‘‘ Nkungi angandu.” Locality. Congo River, Mukimbungu. One specimen, 74 cm. in total length (candal incl.). Microthrissa eupleura, sp. n. Locality. Lower Congo. Four specimens, the longest about 5 em. Depth of body about 4 times in total length (s. ¢.), head a little more than 4 times in the same. Snout a little shorter than eye. Eye fully 3 times in head. Lower jaw very slightly projecting. The number of scales in lateral line probably only about 30. Ventral scutes 11 in front of ventrals, 10 between veatrals and anal; these scutes extend high up on the sides so as to cover more than 2 of the space between the ventral keel and the lateral line. Pectoral about ? length of head, not reaching ventral. Origin of dorsal about midway between snoutand base of caudal. Dorsal rays 11 in number. Distance from snout to vent about twice as long as distance between vent and base of caudal. Ventrals in advance of origin of dorsal. Caudal peduncle about as long as deep. Unfortunately the glass in which these specimens were preserved had been breken, so that the specimens arrived in a completely dry state. In-consequence of this we had from the beginning not intended to do anything with them. As an examination, however, revealed that the number of ventral scutes in all the specimens received constantly differed from that of the two species of J/erothrissa hitherto described, and that our specimens thus most easily could be recognized by that characteristic, we were compelled to take up the matter for further consideration. We took also the liberty of sending one of the specimens to Dr. Boulenger, who most kindly con- firmed our view that it represented an undescribed species of Microthrissa. Weare convinced that the above diagnosis will be sufficient for distinguishing the present new species, but the condition of the specimens accounts for the short- comings of the description. some Freshwater Fishes from Lower Congo. 169 Barbus lamani, sp. n. Native name ‘ Nlulu.” Locality. Mukimbunegu. One specimen, 10-2 cm. in total length. Depth of body 3? times in total length ; length of head 3} times. Snout blunt, a little longer than eye. Upper margin of eye about touching the upper profile-line of the forehead. Hye 4 times in length of head; interorbital width 34 times in length of head. Mouth almost terminal. Two barbels on each side, about equal in length, and about 14 times diameter of eye. Dorsal III 7, a little nearer occiput than caudal, border slightly concave; last simple ray flexible, not en- larged, not serrated, not quite 14 times in the length of head. Anal IIT5, not reaching caudal. Pectoral not quite 14 times in the length of head, not reaching ventral; base of latter below anterior base of dorsal. Caudal pedunele fully 1} times as long as deep. Scales with few radiating canals ; 26 d, 3 between lateral line and ventral, 11 round caudal peduncle. There appears to have been a Jongitudinal blackish shading along the lateral line, as well on the anterior part of the body as on the caudal peduncle. A small roundish black spot at the base of the caudal. The general colour in alcohol is rather olive, most of the scales with a dark spot at the base. This Barbus belongs evidently to the same group as B. camptacanthus, Bleek., with which it agrees in most respects. It differs, however, by the shape of its snout, the situation of the eye, the much smaller interorbital width, etc. Barbus camptacanthus, Bleek. Native name “ Nionzi.” Locality. Kingoyi, Lower Congo. Five specimens. Discognathus occidentalis, Sp... Native name ‘ Mululu.”’ Locality. At the watershed between Freich and Belgian Congo, Kingoyi. ‘Three specimens, length of the largest one 57 mm. Body feebly compressed, its depth 54 times in total length. Head moderately depressed, a little broader than deep, a little more than 1} times as long as broad, its length about 4 170 Messrs. E. Lonnberg and H. Rendahl on times in total length (s.c.). Snout rounded, strongly pro- jecting beyond mouth. Interorbital region flat ; its width is contained about 21 times in length of head. Hye supero- lateral, in middle of length of head, its diameter about 5 times in length of head, a little more than twice in interorbital width. Width of mouth (with lips) a little less than $ length of head. Upper lip well developed (but much narrower than in D. blanfordi), teebly crenulated, Lower lip sur- rounding a mental dise which is about as broad as long. T'wo barbels on each side measuring about % diameter of eye. Dorsal III 7, equally distant from eye and from. caudal, longest ray shorter than head. Anal II 4. Pectoral as long as head, not reaching ventral, which originates below the middle of the dorsal. Caudal emarginated. Lateral line 38, 51 scales between beginning of dorsal and lateral line. Caudal peduncle about 14 times as long as deep, 15 scales round the same. When first examining these specimens we were struck by the great resemblance to D. blanfordi, Blgr. Dr. Boulenger, to whom we took the liberty of sending a specimen for com- parison, agreed with us in finding it similar to the species mentioned, but pointed out that the upper lip of our form is more feebly developed than in D. blanfordi, in which respect it resembles D. johnstonii, Blgr. he latter has, however, the eye situated in the second half of the eye, ete. This species differs very plainly from D. ornatus, Nichols and Griscom*, recently described from Stanleyville, by being less compressed and by the supero-lateral situation of the eye, which also is comparatively smaller, and by the not banded caudal. | Clarias lazera, Cuv. Val. Native name “ Mpudi.” Locality. From a lake at Mukimbungu in Lower Congo. Two specimens. Clarias ngola, sp. 0. Native name “ Ngola.” Locality. Kingoyi, Lower Congo. One specimen, 18 em. in total length. Depth of body § times in total length, length of head about 41} times. Head 1} times as long as broad, smooth ; occipital * Bull, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol. xxxvii. 1917, p. 696, some Ireshwater Fishes from Lower Congo. 171 process triangular ; frontal fontanelle knife-shaped, its Jength contained about 3} times in length of head ; occipital fonta- nelle about half the size of the frontal one, extending well into the occipital process. Hye very small, about 5 times in length of snout and about 64 times in interorbital width, which nearly equals 3 length of head. Band of preemaxillary Vig. 1. Ilead of Clarias ngola, nat. size. teeth about 6 times as long as broad. Vomerine teetl: eranular, forming a curved band about as broad as the pree- maxillary band. Nasal barbel about ? length of head, Maxillary barbel 14 the length of head. Dorsal about 75, its distance from occipital process nearly 3 length of head, its distance from caudal not quite as large as diameter of eye. Anal about 60, equally distant from caudal. Pectoral some- what longer than half the length of the head, the spine feebly serrated on outer side. Ventral 12 as distant irom base of caudal as from end of snout. Colour in spirit uniformly brown. Channalabes apus, Giinth. pus, Native name ‘ Ntondia.” Locality. Mukimbungu. Three specimens. Amphilius lamani, sp. n. Native name “ Kikweta.” Locality. Kingoyi, Lower Congo. Two specimens, total length of the type 96 mm. Depth of body 9 times in total length, length of head 34 times. Head much depressed, a little longer than broad ; 172 | Messrs. E. Lénnberg and H. Rendahl on snout broadly rounded, its length being contained about 2} in the length of the head. Hye very small, about 17 times in length of head, about 4 times in interorbital width. Posterior nostril a little nearer to anterior border of eye than end of snout. Maxillary barbel not quite as long as head, reaching somewhat beyond the root of pectoral. Outer mandibular barbel 2 length of head; inner mandibular barbel nearly 4. Gill-rakers 5 or 6 on lower part of anterior arch, moderately long. Dorsal I 6, nearer end of snout than root of caudal, situated just in advance of the root of ventrals. Adipose dorsal low, not quite twice as long as rayed dorsal. Anal II 5. Head of Amphilius lamant, enlarged. Pectoral 2 length of head. Ventral about as long as pectoral, situated entirely but not much behind dorsal. Caudal tran- cate. Caudal peduncle, if counted from last ray of anal, # as deep as long. Colour in spirit uniformly brown, the dark pigment extending over the greater part of the caudal as well. In its general shape, with its broad head and deep caudal peduncle, this new species to a certain degree resembles the Kast-African members of the genus, but its dorsal is not so far advanced as in them. With the recently described Amphilius notatus, Nichols and Griscom*, from Faradje our * Loc, cit p. 110. some Freshwater Fishes from Lower Congo. 173 species has no likeness whatever, as the shape of the head and the caudal peduncle, the size of the eye, and the adipose fin are completely different. Synodontis acanthomias, Blgr. Native name “ Nkoko.” Locality. Mukimbungu, in a lake. One specimen. Synodontis caudalis, Blgr. Native name * Ntanta.”’ Locality. Mukimbungu. Two specimens. The present specimens differ from Boulenger’s description in having the outer mandibular barbel of the same length as the head and the occipital nuchal shield rugose. With regard to the colour, one of the specimens has the fins beautifully marked with roundish dark spots serially arranged. The body is more or less marbled. In the other specimen the fins do not display any similar pattern, except very feebly on the dorsal. Synodontis ovidius, sp. n. Native name “ Nsinzi.”’ Locality. Mukimbungu. One specimen, 31 em. in total length (caudal included). A Synodontis related in some degree to S. longirostris, Blgr., and S. dabeo, Gthr., but quite different from both. Depth of body 44 times in total length, head 23. Head about 14 times as long as broad, rugose above from between the eyes and backwards. Snout 24 as long as postocular part of head, terminating in a globular swelling, which is con- tinued nearly to the base of the maxillary barbel. Hye supero-lateral, 9 times. in length of head, 2} times in inter- orbital width. Lips very strongly developed, beset with numerous papille. Along the upper lip a continuous row of much enlarged papille is especially striking. Chin swollen, forming a thick pad. Preemaxillary teeth arranged in two rows, about 13 in the interior and about 7 in the exterior. ‘These rows are rather close together, but there is an inter- space between the single teeth. The movable mandibular teeth appear at the first look to be 16 in number, rather long, about 4 the diameter of the eye, but a closer examination reveals some more between and behind the others, so that the 174 Messrs. E. Lonnberg and H. Rendahl on total number amounts to about 25. Maxillary barbel mar- gined and somewhat crenulated, $ the length of the head, Mandibular barbels branched, the outer 2 length of head, the inner 4. Gill-opening not extending beyond the root of the Fig. 5. Lower side of head of Synodontis ovrdius, nat. size. pectoral. Occipital nuchal shield rugose and_ granular, Jonger than broad, with rather pointed posterior processes. Humeral process coarsely granular, about twice as long as broad, bluntly pointed, but with convex upper and lower some Freshwater Fishes from Lower Congo. 175 margins, not extending quite as far back as occipital nuchal pragess. Dorsal 16. Dorsal spine a little more than 4 the length of the head, striated in front and on the sides, minutely denticulated behind. Base of adipose dorsal not quite twice as long as its distance from rayed dorsal, the base of which is 1} the distance between both dorsals. Anal III 8. Pectoral spine longer than dorsal spine, serrated behind. Ventrals nearly reaching anal. Caudal deeply forked (both lobes are truncated, and appear to have been bitten off during life and healed). Caudal peduncle (from adipose fin) a little longer than deep. Colour in spirit brownish olive, with numerous roundish dark spots on head and body as well ason fins, The spots on the sides of the body are about 10 mm. in diameter, those on the head and the fins only about half that size or less, Phractura bovet, Perugia. Native name “ Ntiki-ntiki.” Locality. Lower Congo. Two specimens, Belonoglanis nudipectus, sp. 1. Native name ‘* Ntiki-ntiki.” Locality. Lower Congo. One specimen, 110 mm. in total length (s. ¢ ). Depth of body about 133 times in total length, length of head 81 times. Head much depressed, 1} times as long as broad, rugose above ; the A-shaped ridge on the snout not so much pronounced as in BL, tenwis, and its branches divide further backwards than in the species mentioned (cfr. fig.), about on the level with the posterior nostrils. Occipital process trilobate, but the lateral branches more slender and more diverging from the mesial line than in B. tenuis (cfr. fig.). Snout pointed, a little less than 2 length of head, strongly projecting beyond mouth. Hye 7} times in length of head, 24 times in interorbital width. No rounded rugose process on coracoid below base of pectoral. First dorsal I 7, first ray longer than head. Anal 8. Pectoral a little longer than head, not reaching ventral; the latter widely separated from anal. Caudal about half the length of head, rather deeply cleft. Caudal peduncle very thin and depressed, 2 total length. The azygous plate in front of the dorsal fin is broader behind than in front (cfr. fig.), unlike the condition in B. tenuis, Blgr., in which it appears to be broader in front than behind. From the origin of the dorsal 22 pairs of dorsal 176 - On some Freshwater Fishes from Lower Congo. scutes are well defined and may easily be counted, but from the middle of the caudal peduncle and backwards the sutures of the scutes are completely coalesced ; 6 large scutes on each side of body between pectoral and ventral; behind the Anterior part of Belonoglanis nudipectus, nat. size. ventrals 15 pairs of well-defined scutes on the lower side of the tail; the following are completely coalesced as well with each other as with the dorsal ones, thus completely encasing the tail. Pale brownish, no blackish marks to be seen. Malapterurus electricus, Gmel. Native name “ Cuda.” Locality. Mukimbungu, Congo River. One specimen. Pelmatochromis lateralis, Blgv.. Native name “ Kiala.” Locality. Mukimbungu, Congo River. One specimen. Anabas i anus, Gthr. Native name “ Kimpete.” Locality. Kingoyi. ‘Three specimens. — published by TAYLOR & FRANCIS. 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Fossil Arthropods in the British Museum.—IIL. ay t. D.A. CockrreL, University of Colorado .2..4 0% 2 2iv <2 IV. New Species of African Simaliider. By ALWid, ‘Pontsnor, a M.B.E. (Plates IIL.& LV.) wiiso eG tiaey oot Se V. British Oligocene Ants. By Horace 81. J.: K. Dowistuonrs, “hig ¥Z8., FE BH. (Plate Vishie's 5 vemoe eeena ck eee arse - 814 VI. On a Collection of Mammals from the Dinka Country, Bahr- 4 el-Djebel. By Martin A. C. Hryton and P. 8S. Kursnaw ........ ‘940 VII. The Species of Pedetes inhabiting Kagolay By Margin A, ts 4 FL ro Ss ee eee ee ee -102 ay VIII.. Three new Fishes from the. Tanganyika Territory. By aa Gears Regan PRS 256s es A ee tea wea’ 1045 IX. Descriptions of Three new Frogs in the Collection ee the es, British Museum. By G. A. BovuLenesr, ER. Sree ae eh ig eater 4 X. Descriptions of Four new Snakes in the Gatcaaon “of the British Museum. By G. A. BouLrenesr, FR. 20. ec ee ee 108 | XI. Notoryctes in North-west Australia. By OxprreLp THomas .. 111 ; XII. A new Genus of Echimyine. By Gintiate THOMAS: eis 11 a XIII. On Mammals from near Tinogasta, Catamarca, collected by « | Sr, Budin, = By -OLpyrwiy THOMAS Poe te Sk ng ok ae ee alt oe 11 XIV. Notes on Acari parasitic on Birds, with Peroriplions of Two - new Species. By Sranvey Hirst... eyes cee eee pe eee ee XV. Oxyuris par onat, v. Linst., and its. Association with another Oxyurid in the same Pics By Hi; A. Bayuis, MA fr ee eh XVI. On the Use of the Generic Name Ceratapagon, Mepe 4 (Diptera, Chironomide). By F. W. Epwarps ........+...i-+5. 1 a XVII. Some new or little-known Gomphine Drenies Pott Sonth America. By Hersurt Campion. (Plates SED ak. ba ee sig SES XVIII. An interesting new Genus of. Avicular ede: By Meio 180 Luir¥o, M.D., Fellow of the Brazilian Society of Sciences ........ XIX. Rhynchota from New Caledonia. By W. L. ‘Distant eek XX. A Whale-barnacle of the Genus Seer from Antaretic : " Seas: “By W. 1. Cauman, D.96.) cc. ic sa aes teens i tee 165. XXI. Remains of the Great Auk and Pasaieatt in the Channel at Islands. By C. W. Ayprews, D.Sc., PA ee ess a eN eRe eA. i 16 XXII. On some Freshwater Fishes from Lower Congo. By Ensan q Lonnsere and HiatmMar RENDAHL. +. Gor ae ter § | Red Libs Court, Fleet Paeet London, f WITH SEVEN PLATES. oS NINTH SERIES. No. 32. TH i - NNALS MAGAZINE: OF NATURAL HISTORY, ZOOLOGY, noraxy, ann GEOLOGY, Er a Ns \\; Ses! de aU FIN xv CONDUCTED BY WILLIAM CARRUTHERS, Pu.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S., || SIR ARTHUR E. SHIPLEY, G.B.E., M.A., Sc.D., F.R.S., F.Z.S8., Roe st AND RICHARD T, FRANCIS, F.Z.8. BEING A CONTINUATION OF THE ‘“ ANNALS” COMBINED WITH MESSRS. LOUDON AND CHARLESWORTH’S “MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.” Pie LONDON: TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STRERY, Sold by Bailliére, Paris: and Hodges, Figgis, & Co., Dublin, WATKINS & DONCASTER, Naturalists, a Keep in stock every kind of APPARATUS. and CABINETS required by ENTOMOLOGISTS, ORNITH- OLOGISTS, BOTANISTS, &c. 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Rates for Advertisements in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History, One Six Twelve ; Insertion. Insertions. Insertions. PAGS ie ea ee 2 Oe eG, | each... 11.) earn HALF.PAGE f= e372 6 UAT Oo 00, EGR enn QUARTER-PAGE -_ 12 6 3b as ae om 10800 gee All applications for space to be made to Mr. H. A. COLLINS, che Birdhurst Road, Croydon. Sessa oes aes THE ANNALS AND r- t MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. [NINTH SERLES.] ~ Eg tihnstaBe tneg: — | | AUG 1 9 1999 No. 32, AUGUST 1920), J [320 XXITI.—Notes on various African and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus, Er., with an Account of their accessory 3 -characters | Coleoptera|. By G. C. Cuampion, F.Z.S. [Plate VIII.*] ’ Tuts paper contains notes on all the Africanand Asiatic species of the Melyrid-genus Hapalochrus represented in the British Museum in London and in the Congo Museum at Tervueren, supplemented by a few others lent me by Dr. Sjéstedt (in- cluding types of Bourgeois), Dr. Gestro, Dr. Péringuey, and Prof. Poulton. The material from the Belgian Congo, kindly communicated by M. Schouteden, consists of upwards of 3000 examples (including various types of Pic and specimens named by him), and that belonging to the British Museum (including types of Murray and Gorham) is from various parts of Africa—mainly from the vicinity of the Great Lakes and Uganda, collected by Dr. Neave, and a very interesting paired series of numerous species obtained by the late H. C. Dollman in N. Rhodesia,—India, the Malayan Region, and Arabia. The identification of some of the named Hapatlochri from description alone has proved to be impossible in many cases when the @ only was known to the author, or when the * (The Plate will be published with the concluding part of the article. ] Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 12 178 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African dg -characters were so briefly noted that they would apply equally well to several distinct species *. In consequence of this, several forms are here treated as new which may have to be sunk as synonyms when types can be compared. The 2 2, moreover, are frequently indistinguishable inter se (as in certain Malachius, Henicopus, &c.) in the absence of a@ & from the same localities. The accessory ¢-characters in the antenne, legs, &c., however, are so well marked that there is not very much difficulty in distinguishing the species when examples of that sex are available for examination. The following external marks of distinction have been observed in the males: (1) antennse—flabellate, pectinate, serrate, or subfiliform ; (2) head—usually asin ?, rarely excavate (H. clavicornis) or with the epistoma tumid and flavescent (H. abyssinicus, &c.); (8) anterior trochanters (described as coxe by Pic)—toothed, or simple as in ? ; (4) anterior femora—usually simple as in ¢, rarely toothed at the middle or base; (5) anterior tibie—lobed, dilated, or angulate at about the middle, or simply sinuate; (6) anterior tarsal joint 2—usually produced above over the base or more of joint 3 (sometimes broadly so and nigro-pectinate at tip, sometimes narrowly and claw-like), rarely simple as in ¢ T; (7) intermediate trochanters—usually simple, rarely (two Eastern or Indian forms) scaphiform or lobed; (8) inter- mediate femora—usually simple, sometimes angulate about the middle, or with a basal or median excavation or fovea beneath ; (9) intermediate tibie—in some species greatly inflated, and deeply excavate and lamellate, toothed, or: penicillate on their inner aspect, in others broadly, subtrian- gularly dilated, and more or less distinctly appendiculate or lobed near the inner apical angle, in others again moderately thickened, sinuate, or simple. In addition to above-men- tioned characters, the head, antennz, prothorax, or legs are also sometimes differently coloured in the two sexes, and in a few species (H. amplipennis, &c.) the wings are reduced in size or rudimentary in the females, these insects having inflated elytra. The females of certain African forms * The Hapalochri named by Pic in his “ Diagnoses préliminaires” (§L’ change,’ xxvii. p. 123, 1911), and in his “ Malacodermes Africains ” (Mélanges exot.-entom. xxxi, pp. 10, 11, Oct. 1919), issued “ pour prendre date,” have no claim for recognition, some of the descriptions being totally inadequate. + Bourgeois included various African forms under this section (Paratinus), two only of them, H. amplipennis and H. modestus, really belonging to it, one at least of the others having the second tarsal joint produced above. and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. 179 | Hererotaivs, gen. nov.| referred to Laius, Guér.—L. in- flaticornis, Fairm. [type], L. bourgeoisi, Gestro, and L. lati- pennis, violaceipennis, and spinicoxis, Pic—are extremely like the same sex of various species of the present genus, but they are separable therefrom by the subequally elongated, narrow, second and third joints of the antenne, these two joints being greatly dilated and subconnate, and the anterior tarsi simple, in the males. Collops velutinus, Gerst., from Zan- zibar, type 2 (1873), referred to Hapalochrus by Fairmaire in 1887, must be a true Laius. In the descriptions here given, the short node at the base of the second antennal joint is not counted as a true joint, the antenne being treated as 10-jointed, as in Laius and Collops. Amongst the African Hapalochri we find groups of species represented by H. nobilis, sjéstedti, testaceicornis, appendi- cifer, amplipennis, &c., respectively, with a common, abun- dant, primitive type of 2, anda series of ¢ ¢ confined to particular localities with diverse, constant, differential characters, which, in the present state of our knowledge of these insects, must be regarded as of specific value. Key to the African Species *. 3d. 1 (22). Anterior tarsal joint 2 prolonged over 8, the apical portion sometimes broad and nigro- pectinate at tip, sometimes narrowed and claw-like. 2 (3). Anterior tibiee produced at the inner apical angle into a very long, curved, simple or asymmetrically bifurcate spine; antennze flabellate: intermediate tibie greatly swollen ; prothorax metallic (maculate in ? of No. 1); elytra maculate or unicolorous. [Subgen. Hapatocurops, Bourg.] ...... Species 1, 2. 3 (2). Anterior tibie not produced at the inner apical angle. [Hapatocurvs, Er, s. str. ] 4 (7). Elytra maculate ; intermediate tibie greatly swollen, penicillate in No. 3. 5 (6). Antenne flabellate or pectinate (intermediate femora in No. 3 with a large, oval, metallic area beneath at base) ....02....0eeeeeee Species 3, 4. 6 (5). Antenne serrate ; intermediate femora with- - OUD LOMCU MEER. ahs setae ahavelereysicie cia e's 0 Ces» Species 5. 7 (4). Elytra not maculate. 8 (9). Anterior femora toothed at middle (Nos. 6-10) or base (No.11); intermediate tibiz slender ; SULT POMLIAALGs 2/2 sh.)0d)e gl co'e «scale o!3's ores Species 6-11. * Males of H. nobilis, cineruscens, caudatus, dollmani, and scabrosus unknown; H. dollmani (No. 58) omitted from ‘Table. 127 180 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African 9 (8). Anterior femora unarmed ; intermediate tibiz slightly incrassate; antenne pectinate .... Species 12. 10 (18). Intermediate tibie greatly thickened, convex externally, deeply excavate or sulcate within (and sometimes sinuously sulcate above), the upper or lower edge of the excavation lamellate, dentate, or penicillate: species large, robust. 11 (12). Epistoma flavescent, tumid (Nos. 13-15) or fattened" (No; AG)ie.icc oe evistets cleats 2 .. Species 13-16. 12.:(11). Epistoma metallic, (as in7D ) %o) sae oem «= Species 17-21. 13 (10). Intermediate tibize more or less incrassate or widened, not lamellate or toothed, often lobed or appendiculate near inner apical angle. 14 (15). Apical joint of antenne flattened and dilated ; head excavate; intermediate tibie broad, angulate externally, appendiculate........ Species 22. 15 (14). Apical joint of antennz undilated. 16 (17). Anterior femora with a small tooth at base ; anterior trochanters toothed (except in Nos. 26-28); intermediate femora excavate at base beneath (except in Nos. 26, 27) ; intermediate tibiz broad and appendiculate (except in Nos. 26; 28), va eee. cece Species 23-28. 17 (16). Anterior femora without basal tooth. 18 (21). Intermediate tibize broad, more or less dis- tinctly appendiculate. 19 (20). Intermediate femora angulate; anterior tro- chanters toothed (except in No. 29) ...... Species 29-32. 20 (19). Intermediate femora not angulate (anterior femora penicillate at base in No, 35; an- terior trochanters toothed in Nos. 33, 38; intermediate femora foveate at base be- neath in No. 44; wings abbreviated in 2 9 IN G8r SS OL loeepstt oie ats caps tere enepoatere ete eters Species 33-44. 21 (18). Intermediate tibize narrower, not appendicu- late; intermediate femora not angulate (except in Nos. 45, 52, 55); anterior tro- chanters toothed in Nos. 45, 49, 52, 54.... Species 45-57. 22 (1). Anterior tarsi simple; intermediate tibiz broad, appendiculate. [Subgen. Para- TInvS, Ab. |] 23 (24). Anterior trochanters toothed .............. Species 59-62. 24 (23). Anterior trochanters unarmed (wings abbre- viated in*O OsiNos. Gd-67)' 6 is-d5 ane oben Species 63-67. 1. Hapalochrus sumtuosus. Apalochrus sumtuosus, Boh. Ins. Caffraria, i. p.458 (¢ 2 ) (1851). Hapalochrus sumtuosus, Péring. Trans. 8. Afr. Phil. Soe. vi. 2, p. 46 (1892). Hapalochrus (Hapalochrops) sumptuosus, Bourg. in Sjéstedt’s Kili- mandjaro-Meru Exped. i. Abt. 7, No. 10, p. 150, t. 3. fig. 18 (¢) (1908). * H. opulentus, Péring., belongs to this section. a g 8 and Asiatie Species of Hapalochrus. 181 Hapalochrous sumptuosus (3), and vars. (2) nyassensis and sig- naticollis, Pic, Mélanges exot.-entom. iv. pp. 2, 8 (Sept. 1912). 2. Apalochrus sumptuosus, var. reductus, Pic, op. cit. xxxi. p. 10 (Oct. 1919). Var.? Apalochrus erichsonti, Roth in Wiegmann’s Archiv, 1851, 1, p- 120 (5 2). 4Tapalochrus erichsonit, Gestro, Ann. Mus. Genova, xxxy. p. 353 (9) (1895). 3. Antenne long, flabellate from joint 4 onward; anterior femora stout; anterior tibize rapidly widening outward, slightly sinuate within, the inner apical angle produced into a long, curved, pointed spine, which extends outward beneath the first tarsal joint ; anterior tarsal joint 1 elongate, stout, compressed, ciliate externally, 2 much shorter, broadly oval, convex above, concave beneath, extending over joint 3 to its apex, nigro-pectinate at the tip (Pl. VIII. fig. 7); intermediate femora stout, feebly curved ; intermediate tibiz (Pl. VIII. fig 75) slender atthe base, enormously dilated, curved, and convex towards the apex above, deeply exca- vate and pilose towards the apex within and beneath. 6. Var. 1. Anterior tibie (Pl. VIII. fig. 7) shorter and more swollen at the apex, the inner apical angle produced into a long, curved spine (as in the type of H. sumtuosus), the outer apical angle also produced into a short, curved, downwardly-directed tooth. 6. Var.2. Anterior tibie (Pl. VIII. fig. 7a) with the inner apical angle produced into a rather broad, compressed, curved lobe, which extends outward beneath the first tarsal joint and bears a long inwardly-curved hook towards the apex externally (the lobe thus appearing asymmetrically bifurcate at the tip). Var. 2. Elytra entirely fulvous. Hab. KH. Arnica, Caffraria (types of Boheman: 3 2), Transvaal and Ovampoland (sec. Péringuey), Mashonaland (H. B. Dobble), Waterburg (W. L. Distant), Salisbury (G. A. K. Marshall: & vars. 1, 2, 2), Mwengwa in N.W. Rhodesia (H. C, Dollman), Chiromo in Nyasaland (R. C. Wood), Nyasaland S.W. of Lake Chilwa (S. A. Neave), Mkomasi, Tanganyika Territory (4. Loveridge, in Mus. Oxon.: 3), Lake Ngami (Mus. Brit., Mus. Oxon.), Kili- mandjaro (Dr. Sjéstedt), Arussi Galla in Abyssinia ( Bottego, in Mus. Genoa: 2), Hritrea (sec. Bourgeois). A common insect in E. Africa, but not extending into the Congo Region. The anterior tibie of the ¢ exhibit three variations in the development of the very long curved apical spur, this being spiniform in the males described by 182 Mr. G. C. Champion on various Afriean Boheman and Bourgeois, and in one of those from Salisbury, and another from. Mkomasi before me, and broader and asymmetrically bifurcate in the 28 other males seen from Rhodesia, Lake Ngami, and Nyasaland. Some of the Salisbury examples (¢ 2) have the metallic patches of the elytra longitudinally confluent, and in two females from the same locality the markings are altogether wanting. H. erichsoni, Roth, from Abyssinia, a ? of which determined by Dr. Gestro is before me, is probably synonymous with H, sumtuosus. 2. Hapalochrus deformipes. Hupalochrus (Hapalochrops) deformipes, Bourg. in Sjéstedt’s Kili- mandjaro-Meru Exped. i. Abt. 7, No. 10, p. 182, t. 3. fig. 14 (¢) (1910). d. Characters as in typical H. sumtuosus, Boh.: the inner apical angle of the anterior tibize produced into a long, curved, outwardly-directed spine as in the males described by Boheman and Bourgeois. Hab. KE. Arxica, Banks of the River Ngare na nyuki, Meru (Dr. Sjéstedt) ; Eritrea (coll. Bourgeois). This insect, the unique type ( ¢ ) of which has been kindly forwarded for examination by Dr. Sjéstedt, is probably, as suggested by Bourgeois, a form of H. swmtuosus with the upper surface uniformly metallic. The ¢-characters are precisely similar. The ? with a metallic prothorax, from Amara, Eritrea, provisionally referred by the same author to H. sumtuosus (p. 182, nota), affords a connecting-link between the two forms, if it really belongs to this group ? 3. Hapalochrus longior. 3. Hapalochrous longior, Pic, Le Naturaliste, xxy. p. 81 (1903) ; Mélanges exot.-entom. iv. p. 2 (Sept. 1912). g. Epistoma testaceous, the oblique lateral portions almost smooth and somewhat tumid ; antennze long, feebly serrate ; anterior tibiz excavate towards the apex within, the apical portion somewhat thickened ; anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 thickened, subequal in length, 2 with a black comb at the tip ; intermediate femora (Pl. VIII. fig. 9a) with a large, oval, depressed, metallic area at the base beneath ; inter- mediate tibiz (Pl. VIII. figs. 9, 9a) enormously thickened, rounded and convex externally, deeply excavate beneath, and abruptly emarginate before the apex within, the emargination and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. 183 preceded by a long, matted, dentiform tuft of curled fulvous hairs and followed by a smaller tuft of similar hairs, these tufts arising from the cavernous lower surface. Var. The testaceous lateral markings on the elytra extend- ing inwards and forming an angulate median fascia, the subapical green fascia sometimes reduced to an irregular oblique green patch on the disc of each elytron.— ?=H. jansoni, Pic, 2 (1912). Hab. W. Arrica, Benguela, Congo, Gaboon (Pic), Agoué, Benin (40bé Menager), Angola, Whydah (Mus. Brit.), Lagos in S. Nigeria (J. A. de Gaye), Cotonou in Dahomey, 70 miles W. of Lagos (W. A. Lamborn: v., vi. 1914: 8 2: Mus. Brit., Mus. Oxon.), Tamsoo, Gold Coast (Mus. Brit.: 3); Lam- barene, French Congo (Z, Fea: xi.,xi.1902: ¢ 9: Mus. Genoa); Boma, Sassa, Tolo, Kala, Kundi, Lukolela, Kwamouth, Bas-Kasai, Coquilhatville, &c., Belgian Congo (Mus. Congo Belge: 3, and vars.). Numerous examples of this species are before me, including sixteen males, mostly belonging to the Congo, Genoa, or Oxford Musenms: the variety (?= AH. jansoni, Pic, type 2 ) is represented by a ? from Dahomey and a ¢ from the Congo. The only ¢-character noted by Pic is the “‘ simple antenne.”’ The testaceous anterior portion of the head is of course peculiar to that sex, the ? having the head entirely metallic. 4. Hapalochrus nobilis. 9. Apalochrus nobilis, Ky. Archiv fiir Naturg. 1843, 1, p. 226. Hapalochrous nobilis, Pic, Mélanges exot.-entom. iv. (Sept. 1912). Hab. W. Arnica, Angola (type of Erichson), Onitsha in S. Nigeria (J. A. de Gaye: vii.1910: 9). A @? from Nigeria in the British Museum agrees with the description of A. nodilis, except in having the antenne, femora, and tarsi darker, a character of no importance in the present genus. This insect is extremely like H. longior, Pic, -and has the elytra marked as in one of the forms of that species—metallic bluish-green, with a triangular patch at the middle of the sides and another at, the apex testaceous ; from which it is separable by the broader and more robust build, and the rugosely punctured sides of the prothorax. The ¢-characters may prove to be dissimilar from those of the allied H. longior, an insect also occurring in Angola. 184 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African 5. Hapalochrus festiwus. 2. Apalochrus festivus, Ey. Entomographien, p. 52 (1840). Hapalochrous festivus, Pic, Mélanges exot.-entom. iy. p. 3 (Sept. 1912). 6. Antenne simply serrate, long ; anterior tibiz excavate towards the apex within, the apical portion thickened ; anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 stout, equal in length, 2 with a black comb at the apex; intermediate femora simple; inter- mediate tibie (Pl. VIII. fig. 3) strongly incrassate, convex above, concave beneath, broadly, arcuately dilated towards the apex within, and then very deeply excavate between this and the tip; antenne and legs testaceous, the apices of the former, and the tarsi in part, slightly infuscate, the posterior femora black or metallic at the apex. Hab. W.Arrica, Senegal (Mus. Brit.: 3), Gaboon (Alus. Oxzon.: o). The ¢ of this species (if correctly named in the British Museum) is apparently undescribed, the ¢ type from Senegal having darker legs, as is often the case in the pre- sent genus. An elongate insect, with the head and prothorax metallic green, and the elytra testaceous, with a large patch on the disc below the base, and a common broad subapical fascia, green. Pic (Mélanges exot.-entom. xxx. p. 11, 1919) includes H. festivus, Er., and its allies in a new subgenus, Cladapa- lochrus ; but he has presumably incorrectly identified the g of H. festivus, which has simply serrate (not flabellate) antennee in that sex, as in H. longior. H. senegalensis, Pic (type &, with flabellate antenne, 1912), and H. viridipes, Pic (type ?, 1912), from W. Africa, and H. degeorgisi, Pic (type ?, 1914), from the Congo, are maculate forms that do not seem to be represented in the collections before me. 6. Hapalochrus sjéstedti. Hapalochrus sjostedti, Bourg. in Sjostedt’s Kilimandjaro - Meru Exped. i. Abt. 7, No. 10, p. 132, t. 3. fig. 15 (¢) (1908) (nee Apalo- chrus sjéstedti, var. diversipes, Pic, Mélanges exot.-entom. xxxi. p. 10, Oct. 1919). Var. Hapalochrous sintplicipes, Pic, Ann. Soe. Ent. Belg. liii. p. 193 (g) (1909). 3. Moderately elongate, shining, somewhat thickly clothed with fine, semi-erect, whitish hairs ; ceruleous, bluish-green, or violaceous, the antennz black, with the two basal joints entirely or in part testaceous ; the anterior and intermediate legs wholly or in part (usually black along their and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. 185 outer aspect), and sometimes the posterior tarsi also, testaceous, the rest of the legs metallic or black, the abdo- men almost entirely reddish or testaceous. Head broad, closely punctulate, smoother at the base; antennz long, stout, pectinate from the fourth joint onward. Prothorax transverse, subtrapezoidal as seen from above, at the base as wide as the elytra, sparsely punctulate, smooth on the middle of the disc. Elytra widened posteriorly, densely, rather finely, rugulosely punctate, the puncturing a little coarser in specimens from Kilimandjaro and Kenya. Anterior femora incrassate, toothed at the middle; anterior tibie simply excavate towards the apex within (thus appearing strongly sinuate), without projecting lobe at the middle ; anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 thickened, 2 projecting over 3, nigro-pectinate at tip ; intermediate tibize simple. ?. Antenne short, rather stout, serrate; legs, and abdo- men in part, metallic or black, the anterior femora without tooth and sometimes testaceous. Length 43-6, breadth 2-3; mm. (¢ 2.) Hab. E. anp W. Crnrrat Arrica, Kilimandjaro and Meru (Dr. Sjostedt : types of H. sjéstedti: gS 2), S. foot of Mt. Elgon and S.E. slopes of Kenya, alt. 5100-7000 ft., Koki Country, S.W. Buddu, Banks of Nile near Kakindu, Bugoma Forest in Unyoro, Upper Kuja Valley in S. Kavi- rondo, and E. Busoga in Uganda (S. 4. Neave), Tero Forest in Uganda (C. C. Gowdey) ; Brician Coneo (type of Hi. simplicipes: 8), Vivi, Léopoldville, Congo da Lemba, Amadi, Itoka, and between Beni and Lesse (Mus. Congo Belge), Congo (coll. Bourgeois); W. Arrica, Ibadan in S. Nigeria (A. W. J. Pomeroy), Ashanti District (4. E. Evans). The above description was drawn up from a short series in the British Museum before the types (3) of Bourgeois and Pic had been forwarded to me by Dr. Sjéstedt and M. Schouteden for comparison : H. sjdstedti has the elytra a little more coarsely punctured than H. simplicipes, but no other difference can be detected. There are about thirty specimens of H. simplicipes, Pic (including the type), in the Congo Museum, the sexes in about equal numbers. The females are separable from those of various similarly coloured Hapalochri hy the basally widened prothorax. 7. Hapaiochrus trapeziderus, sp. n. 3. Moderately elongate, shining, albo-pilose ; green or brassy green, the antennz and legs black or metallic, the 186 © Mr. G. C. Champion on various African basal joint of the antenne beneath, the anterior and inter- mediate femora in part, and the anterior tibiz on their inner aspect, testaceous, the abdomen in great part red. Head broad, closely punctulate; antenne long, stout, pectinate from the third joint onward. Prothorax broad, as wide as the elytra at the base, subtrapezoidal as seen from above, sparsely punctulate, smooth and canaliculate on the middle of the disc. Elytra widened posteriorly, densely, rugosely punctate; the apices almost smooth, dehiscent, compressed and angulate at some distance from the sutural angle (? abnormally formed). Anterior femora incrassate, toothed at the middle beneath; anterior and intermediate tibia strongly sinuate, the latter deeply excavate near the apex within ; anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 thickened, sub- equal in length. @. Antenne rather short, not very stout, feebly serrate, their jomts 1-3, and the anterior and intermediate femora to near the apex, testaceous ; abdomen red ; anterior femora without tooth. Length 43-64, breadth 24-3} mm. (¢ ?.) Hab. BE. Arrica, Njoro (R. H. Deakin: 3: vi. 1914), Ruirw (2-0) Anderson=49: x1 VON): One pair, the ¢, type, labeiled as having been found in the cocoon of a “bagworm” (Psychid moth), the 9 much smaller, the two sexes with similarly-coloured legs. Separ- able from H. sjdstedti by the apically emarginate intermediate tibize and the darker legs of the male, and the partly testa- ceous anterior and intermediate femora of the female, the male relatively broader. 8. Hapalochrus simon. ? Hapalochrus simoni, Pic, Melanges exot.-entom. v. p. 6 (¢) (March 1913). 3. Moderately elongate, convex, shining, somewhat thickly clothed with fine, whitish, semi-erect hairs; ceeruleous, the antenne (the slightly imfuscate apical jomts excepted), palpi, labrum, and legs testaceous, the abdomen rufo- testaceous. Head broad, closely punctate ; antennz mode- rately long, stout, pectinate from the fourth joint onward. Prothorax transverse, convex, laterally compressed, subtrape- zoidal (as seen from above), sparsely punctate, impressed before the base. Elytra very little broader than the pro- thorax, widened posteriorly, densely, rugulosely, rather finely punctate. Anterior femora (Pl. VIII. fig. 1) incrassate, toothed at the middle beneath; anterior tibize (PI. VIII. and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. 187 fig. 1) twisted and dilated obliquely into a short, stout, convex lobe at about the middle above, the lobe concave beneath, the outer portion of the tibia narrow and com- pressed ; anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 thickened, subequal in length, 2 projecting over 3 and nigro-pectinate at the tip ; intermediate tibize rather slender, slightly sinuate within. Length 44, breadth 24 mm. Hab. W. Arnica, Gold Coast (4. EH. Evans), Quingua (ii. Simon, type of Pic). A ¢ from the Gold Coast, received by the British Museum in 1913, is apparently referable to H. stmoni. A bright blue, rather convex, albo-pilose insect, with the antennz, legs, and abdomen testaceous, the antenne pectinate, the anterior femora toothed and incrassate, the anterior tibie twisted and shortly, obliquely lobed at the middle, the intermediate tibiz slender and sinuate within. A much larger 9 (length 64, breadth 8} mm.), from Sierra Leone, in the same collection, may belong to the present species: it has however, the antennz (except the basal jomt beneath) and legs black, and the head and the sides of the prothorax more densely punctured. The 3g is separable from that of H. sjéstedti (simplicipes, Pic) by the testaceous legs and antenne, the mesially dilated anterior tibiz, and the more convex body. A. pectinatus, Pic (1911), type g, from Shirati, is an allied form with pectinate antenne in 2. The locality ‘“‘Quingua” cannot be traced’ on any map available to myself. 9. Hapalochrus lobipes, sp. n. d. Extremely like H. sjdstedti, Bourg., var. simplicipes, Pic, and similarly coloured—green, with the anterior and intermediate legs, the antenne in part, and the abdomen testaceous ; the anterior tibie (Pl. VIII. fig. 6) strongly bifurcate at the middle, the outer lobe long, broad, rounded at the tip, the inner compressed distal portion of the tibia narrow ; the anterior femora (Pl. VIII. fig. 6) toothed at the middle ; the elytral puncturing rather fine. Length 53, breadth 3 mm. Hab. W. Cunrrau Arrica, Tolo, Belgian Congo (Dr. J. Mues, in Mus. Congo Belge: xii. 1913). Onemale. The lobe of the antericr tibiz is more developed in this insect than in any other Hapalochrus before me, H. simoni forming a sort of counccting-link between H. sim- plicipes and H. lobipes. A distinctive name is therefore required for the specimen from Tolo. 188 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African 10. Hapalochrus dasytiformis, sp. n. 3d. Moderately elongate, narrow, parallel-sided, shining, clothed with whitish pubescence intermixed with long, soft, erect, pallid hairs ; nigro-zneous or black, the basal joints of the antennz beneath, the mandibles (except at the tip), tibie, and tarsi (their apices excepted) testaceous. Head broad, sparsely punctured; antennze moderately long, strongly pectinate. Prothorax strongly transverse, convex, about as broad as the base of the elytra, rounded at the sides, very sparsely punctate, foveate or sulcate in the middle posteriorly. Elytra closely, finely punctate, depressed along the suture anteriorly, the interspaces alutaceous and uneven. Anterior femora (PI. VIII. fig. 2) strongly incrassate, toothed towards the base ; anterior tibiz (Pl. VIII. fig. 2) thickened and rather broad, abruptly, obliquely compressed and emarginate before the tip; anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 thickened, 2 smaller and much shorter than 1, extending over.the base of 3, nigro-pectinate at tip ; mtermediate tibize simple, as in ?. ¢. Antenne shorter and more slender, serrate, black. Length 33-4, breadth 13-12 mm. (¢ ?.) Hab. S.K. Arrica, Howick, Natal (J. P. Cregoe). Five males and one female, received by the British Museum in 1903. A small, narrow, hairy, nigro-zneous or black form, with testaceous tibie and tarsi, and a broad, transverse prothorax, the ¢ with flabellate antennee, incras- sate, toothed anterior femora (as in H. gjéstedti, Bourg.), thickened and obliquely compressed anterior tibiz, &c. The ¢ is separable from the same sex of the Rhodesian H. dolimani (No. 58) by its smaller size, less elongate shape, shorter prothorax, and more distinctly, less densely punctate elytra. 11. Hapalochrus atratus, sp. 0. d. Moderately elongate, narrow, shining, sparsely pubes- cent and also thickly clothed with long, soft, erect, fuscous hairs; black, the elytra with a faint cyaneous lustre, the basal joints of the antenne and the anterior tibie slightly testaceo-maculate. Head short, bi-impressed anteriorly, sparsely punctulate ; antenne moderately long, strongly pectinate from the fourth joint onward. Prothorax trans- verse, suleate down the middle, sparsely punctate. Elytra subparallel, depressed along the suture below the base, closely, finely punctate. Anterior femora (PI. VIII. fig. 5) armed with a long sharp tooth near the base; anterior a a ee ee ee = I i Rl i ee A and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. 189 tibie (Pl. VIII. fig. 5) strongly sinuate, compressed, dilated to beyond the middle, the apical portion abruptly, obliquely narrowed ; anterior tarsal joints ] and 2 slightly thickened, 2 extending over the base of 3; intermediate tibie simple, asi in 9. 2, Antennz much shorter, not so stout, sharply serrate ; elytra widened posteriorly ; legs wholly black. Length 8-44, breadth 1!-2 mm. (¢ ?.) Hab. E. Arrtca, Mwengwa [i., 1. 1914] and Kashitu [i. 1915} in N.W. Rhodesia (H. C. Dollman). A long series, the sexes in about equal numbers, all but one from Mwengwa. A small, narrow, shining black form, the elytra with a faint bluish lustre, the ¢ with subparallel elytra, strongly pectinate antennz, sharply toothed anterior femora, twisted and dilated anterior tibie, and simple intermediate tibie. In the ¢ of this insect the long tooth on the front legs arises from near the base of the femora, not from the trochanter as usual (when present) in the present genus. 12. Hapalochrus ramulosus, sp. nu. &. Moderately elongate, narrow, subparallel, shining, finely pubescent, with long, erect hairs intermixed ; brassy- cupreous or golden-green, the antennz and femora black, the basal joints of the former beneath, and the mouth-parts, tibiz, tarsi in great part, and ventral sutures testaceous. Head densely, rugosely punctate; antennz long, strongly pectinate. Prothorax transverse, rounded at the sides, closely, finely punctate on the disc, the lateral portions rugose. Elytra subparallel, flattened on the disc, densely, finely, rugosely punctate. Anterior tibiz simple ; anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 rather elongate, slightly thickened, 2 pro- duced above and nigro-pectinate at the tip; intermediate tibize gradually widened to about the middle and narrowing thence to the apex. Var. Posterior tibiz entirely, and the other tibiz at the apex, black. (¢.) g. Antenne short, serrate ; elytra widened posteriorly ; tibiz in their outer half, and the tarsi almost entirely, black. Length 4-44, breadth 14-14 mm. (¢ 2.) Hab, EH. Arrica, Kafue River, Namwala, N. Rhodesia (H. C. Doliman: 3 2? : 11. 1913), Nyasa ( Thelwall, in Mus. Britax Ss One pair from Rhodesia (types) and a g from Nyasa. A narrow, brassy-cupreous or golden-green form, with the 190 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African head, the sides of the prothorax, and the elytra rugosely punctured, the ¢ with pectinate autenne, simple auterior tibiz, and slightly thickened, partly testaceous intermediate tibie. The legs, as is often the case in the present genus, vary in colour, the Nyasa g having the posterior pair entirely, and the anterior and intermediate tibiz at their apices (as in the Rhodesian 2), black. The Nyasa specimen (3 ) was received at the British Museum in.1877. HA. ramu- losus seems to be allied to H. pectinatus, Pic (1911), types (3 2) from Shirati, KE. Africa ; but as the latter is described as bluish-black in colour, and the narrow shape is not mentioned, the two insects are scarcely likely to be conspecific. 13. Hapalochrus abyssinicus. Hapalochrus abyssinicus, Harold, Monatsh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1878, Al) : Hr hacen aes Pic, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. li. p. 885 (1907) (3). g. Extremely like the same sex of H. elgonensis, but a little larger and more robust, the head narrower than the prothorax, the latter relatively broader, the colour still more variable—golden-green, or in part cyaneous, the elytra rarely brassy-cupreous, the basal joints of the antenne, the palpi (except at the tip), and all the tibia and the basal joint of each tarsus (as well as the epistoma and labrum) wholly testaceous in nearly all the specimens from N.W. Rhodesia, the intermediate tibiz always in great part testaceous, the sides of the abdomen rufescent; the puncturing of the elytra finer and denser; the epistoma similarly swollen and almost smooth, but with the oblique lateral portions some- what curved; anterior tibiz slightly hollowed towards the apex within; intermediate femora curved; intermediate tibiz (Pl. VIII. fig. 4) greatly swollen, convex and broad to very near the apex above, deeply excavate within, angulate on their lower outer edge at about the middle, and furnished with a dentiform, matted tuft of hairs near the inner apical angle. 2. Head metallic to the anterior margin, the epistoma flattened ; antenne (except at the base beneath) and legs sometimes black or metallic, the tibiz testaceous in the Kasitu examples, the antennae much shorter than in ¢. Length 7-84, breadth 33-32 mm. (d ?.) Hab. W.C. Arrica, Moliro and Mpala (Duvivier ; type of Pic: g), Road from Luena, Sassa, and Amadi, Congo (Mus. Congo Belge: 3); E. Arrica, Ndala Mission, 38° 15’ E., 4° 45’ S. (Dr. G. A. Carpenter: xii. 1916— and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. 191 1.1917: @), Yala River, S. edge of Kakumga Forest, alt. 4800-5300 ft. [g], Nyangori in N. Kavirondo, alt. 4800 ft. (S.A. Neave: v.1911: g@), Mlanje [1.19138: ¢] aud between Mangoche and Chikala Boma, alt. 4000 ft. [ii. 1910: ¢ ], in Nyasaland (S. A. Weave), Kashitu and Namwala in N.W. Rhodesia (H. C. Dollman: i. 19138, xi., xl. 1914,1.1915: ¢ 2?) ; AByssinia (types of Harold : a go). The above deseription is taken from a series of fourteen males and four females belonging to the British Museum. The males agree with a specimen of H. major from the Congo named by Pic, and they are separable from the same sex of H. elgonensis by the form of the intermediate tibiz, which are convex and broad to very near the apex above, and have the dentiform tuft of matted hairs placed near the tip. The tibiz and the basal joints of the antenne and tarsi vary in colour, these portions of the legs being wholly or in great part testaceous in- the Rhodesian series received from the late H. C. Dollman. The colour of the upper surface, too, is variable, as stated by Harold, the elytra being brassy cupreous in a pair from Nyasaland. Dr. Gestro has lent me a 2 from Abyssinia agreeing with Harold’s diagnosis and with the other specimens before me of the same sex, and the only discrepancy between the description of the Congo insect and the one from Abyssinia is that Harold did not state that the yellowish anterior border of the head (epistoma) was swollen. H. opulentus, Péring. (1892), types, ¢ ?, length 8-9 mm., from N. Ovampoland, is an allied form with the head wholly green in ¢*. 14. Hapalochrus elgonensis, sp. u. do. Moderately elongate, robust, shining; cyaneous, green, or golden-green, the palpi and joints 2-10 of the antennze black, joints 1-3 of the latter testaceous beneath, 1 with a green streak above, the epistoma and labrum, the excavate inner portion of the intermediate tibie (including the pencil of hairs), and the abdomen at the sides and middle ante- riorly, testaceous or rufescent ; clothed with shaggy whitish pubescence intermixed with numerous long, fine, pallid, erect hairs. Head nearly as wide as the prothorax, densely, very finely punctate, and. deeply, transversely depressed between the eyes, smoother at the base, the epistoma swollen and almost impunctate (the tumid space forming a ra-shaped flavescent ridge between the bases of the an- tenn) ; antennz subserrate, long, rather stout, joints 2-9 * The type has recently been lent me by Dr, Péringuey for comparison. 192 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African elongate. Prothorax much broader than long, very sparsely punctulate, deeply, transversely grooved before the base. Elytra long, flattened on the disc anteriorly, gradually widened posteriorly, bluntly rounded at the apex ; densely, finely, rugosely punctate. Anterior tibiz rather slender, hollowed towards the apex within ; anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 thickened, 2 extending over 3 ; intermediate femora concave beneath, slightly curved; intermediate tibize (Pl. VIII. fig. 8) greatly swollen, convex above, rounded externally, deeply excavate and sinuate within, and furnished with a matted, dentiform tuft of hairs at a little behind the middle. ?. Head metallic to the anterior margin, the epistoma flattened, the transverse depression shallower ; antennie much shorter ; legs eels metallic. Length 6- - breadth 22-3 mm. (¢ 2.) Hab. E. AFRIca, S. foot and slopes of Mt. Elgon, alt. 5100-5800 ft. [¢ @ : 8-18. vi. 1913], and Siroko River, near W. foot of Mt. Elgon, alt. 3600 ft., in Uganda { @ : 12-14. vill. 1911] (S. A. Neave). ‘ Thirty-one specimens, three only of which are males. Recoguizable in this sex by the tumid, flavescent epistoma, and the greatly swollen curved intermediate tibie, which bear a matted dentiform tuft of testaceous hairs near the middle. A close ally of H. abyssinicus and H. constrictipes, the only other allied forms known to me with a flavescent tumid epistoma in ¢, this character separating H. elgonensis from the same sex of H. malachioides, the epistoma in the latter being flattened. 15. Hapalochrus constrictipes, sp. n. g. Elongate, robust, shining; green, the head, pro- thorax, and base and sides of the elytra tinged with cyaneous, the epistoma, labrum, basal joint of antenne, palpi (except at tip), anterior and intermediate femora (except a streak on the anterior pair above) and tibiz, posterior femora at the base and the tibize im part, and the ventral surface (except down the middle), testaceous ; thickly clothed with shaggy whitish pubescence intermixed with long, erect, pallid “hairs. Head narrower than the prothorax, densely, very finely punctate and transversely depressed between the eyes, smoother at the base, the epistoma greatly swollen and almost impunctate (the lateral portions forming a prominent, oblique, flavescent ridge on aud Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. 193 each side before the eyes) ; antennz moderately long, sub- serrate. Prothorax transverse, sparsely punctured, smoother on the middle of the disc. Hlytra much widened posteriorly, blunt at the tip; densely, rugulosely punctate, the punctures coarser at the base. Anterior tibize strongly sinuate within ; anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 thickened, 2 extending over 3, nigro-pectinate at tip ; intermediate tibiz (Pl. VIII. fig. 10) greatly swollen, convex above, deeply excavate within, abruptly constricted towards the apex (thus appearing angu- late beyond the middle externally and subdentate at the tip beneath), and furnished with a matted, dentiform, tuft of hairs (followed by another smaller tuft) beyond the middle. Length 73-8, breadth 34-34 mm. Hab. W. Cuntrat Arrica, Bondaye, Kamerun (Mus. Brit.), Limbala, Belgian Congo (Dr. Rodhain, in Mus. Congo Belge: 5. viii. 1913). we males, the one from Bondaye captured on May 27th, 1914. Separable from the same sex of H. abyssinicus (=major, Pic) and H. elgonensis by the apically constricted, externally angulate intermediate tibie, the dentiform tuft of hairs on their inner aspect placed in the same position as in H. elgonensis, A ? from Kambove, Katanga (S. aA, Neave), cupreous above, and another from Welgelegen, Belgian Congo (Dr. Bequaert), green, with the sides of the elytra violaceous, probably belong to the same _ species. These three forms agree in having a tumid, flavescent, almost smooth epistoma in 3. 16. Hapalochrus malachioides. Hapalochrus malachioides, Fairm, Ann. Soc. Ent. I'v. 1887, p. 159. Hiapalochrous conradti, Pic, in litt. (?). g. Elongate, robust, shining; green, with the prothorax or base of the elytra suffused with violaceous or cyaneous, the bluish colour sometimes extending to the apex of the latter, the epistoma, mouth-parts, palpi (except at tip), the autennal joints 1-3 (except a dark streak along their upper face), the anterior tarsi at the base, the anterior tibize in part, the intermediate femora beneath, the intermediate tibize except along their outer face, and sometimes the ventral segment to a greater or lesser extent, testaceous ; clothed with whitish pubescence intermixed with long, erect hairs. Head about as wide as the prothorax, traisversely depressed and feebly canaliculate between the eyes, densely, finely punctate, smoother at the base, the epistoma tattened ; Ann. do Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 13 194 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African antenne very long, feebly serrate. Prothorax transverse, rounded at the sides, sparsely, finely punctate, smoother on the disc. Elytra widened posteriorly, densely, rather coarsely, rugulosely punctate, the puncturing coarser and more diffuse at the base, the apices rounded. Anterior tibiz hollowed in their outer half within (appearing thickened at the tip); anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 thickened, 2 extending over 3, nigro-pectinate at tip; inter- mediate tibiz (Pl. VIII. fig. 11) greatly swollen, convex and rounded externally, furnished with a broad, thin, rounded flavo-ciliate lamella on their inner face beyond the middle, and deeply excavate above and beneath this, the lower, outer edge (as seen from beneath) biangulate. ?. Head metallic to the anterior margin ; antenne much shorter; legs wholly metallic. Length 64-74, breadth 23-34 mm. (Jf ?.) Hab. K. anv EB. Centrau Arnica: Tabora (type of Fair- maire), Mitiana—Entebbe, Yala River, 8. edge of Kakumga Forest, S. foot and slopes of Mt. Elgon, Koki Country, S.W. Buddu, N. of L. Isolt, valley of Kafu River, Unyoro, Tlala, Maramas District, Upper Kuja in 8. Kavirondo, alt. 3400-5800 ft. (S. A. Neave), Entebbe, Mwera (C. C. Gowdey) ; W. Cruntrat Arrica, Bondaye, Babua, Kongola Kunde, Kamerun (Mus. Brit.) ; Congo da Lambra, Amadi, Kisantu, Kibombo, Belgian Congo (Mus. Congo Belge). This imsect seems to be referable to H. malachioides, Fairm., the type of which (9) was from Tabora, and there are specimens of it (¢ ?) im the Congo Museum thus identified by Pic, as wel] as others named by him H. conradti. The Congo Museum also possesses a series of about 150 examples of it, including 70 males, taken by Mr. R. Mayné in 1913 at Congo da Lemba, and there are many others from Uganda, Kamerun, &c., in the British Museum. The 3S of the present insect is recognisable by the very long antenne, the flavescent, flattened epistoma, and the ciliate flavo-unilamellate intermediate tibiz, the tibize themselves being greatly swollen. The ¢ ? of M. malachioides and its allies, all of which have the head metallic to the anterior margin, are scarcely distinguishable one from another. 17. Hapalochrus uncinatus, sp. un. g. Elongate, widened posteriorly, shining; green, the anterior portion of the head and the sides of the prothorax golden-green, the elytra tinged with cyaneous at the sides and base, the labrum, the outer. angles of the epistoma, the and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. 195 basal joints of the antenne beneath, the palpi (except at the tip), the trochanters, the femora at the base or beneath, the intermediate tibiz within, and the abdomen in part, testaceous ; clothed with whitish hairs intermixed with long, erect, blackish sete. Head densely punctulate and trans- versely depressed anteriorly, much smoother at the base; antenne long, slender. Prothorax nearly as long as broad, sparsely punctate on the disc, rugulose at the sides. Elytra densely, rugulosely punctured. Anterior tibize abruptly, subarcuately dilated and compressed in their apical third; anterior tarsal jomts 1 and 2 stout, 2 ex- tending over 3; intermediate tibie (Pl. VIII. fig. 12) curved, enormously thickened, rounded and convex externally, abruptly narrowed at the apex, very deeply excavate within and deeply sinuato-sulcate aloug the median third above, the upper inner edge armed at the middle with a stout, compressed, forwardly-directed, acute hook, and the lower inner edge arcuately lamellate opposite this. Length 64, breadth 3} mm. Hab. W. Crnrrat Aerica, Katalla, Belgian Congo (Dr. Rodhain, in Mus. Congo Belge): 10.1. 1911. One male. Very near the insect here identified as H. spectabilis, Ancey, but readily distinguished from the ¢ of that species by the stout, chitinous hook at the middle of the inner edge of the intermediate tibie, the corresponding appendage being formed by a tuft of matted hairs in H. elgonensis, abyssinicus, and constrictipes, and by a thin ciliated lamella in H. matachioides. 18. Hapalochrus bilamellatus, sp. n. d. Elongate, robust, shining; golden-, brassy-, or bluish- green, the elytra sometimes suffused with cyaneous at the base or sides, the labrum, the basal joimt of the antennz on its outer edge, the intermediate tibize on its inner aspect from the middle to the apex, and the abdomen in part, testaceous ; clothed with whitish pubescence intermixed with numerous long, erect hairs. Head densely punctulate and transversely depressed anteriorly, smoother at the base ; antenne moderately long, rather strongly serrate from the fifth joint onward. Prothorax transverse, sparsely punctu- late. Elytra much widened posteriorly, bluntly rounded at the apex, densely, finely, rugulosely punctate. Anterior tibize slightly hollowed at about the middle within ; anterior tarsal joint 2 much longer than 1, thickened and pectinate at tip ; intermediate tibize (Pl. VIII. fig. 13) swollen, strongly curved, convex externally, deeply excavate on their inner £3* 196 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African aspect, the upper and lower edges of the cavity arcuately - dilated at the middle, the dilated upper portion extending for some distance inward, sinuate-plicate, and very deeply excavate, the lower portion narrower and less prominent. 9. Antennz very much shorter and a little stouter; legs wholly metallic. : Length 64-7, breadth 2-3} mm. (d¢ 2.) Hab. E. Arrtca: Nandi Escarpment [type], Yala River, south edge of Kakumga Forest, and Valley of the Upper Nzoia River, N. Kavirondo, alt. 4800-5860 ft. (S. 4. Neave : v., vi. 1911) ; Luwumbu Valley, Upper Luangwa, alt. 2500-4500 ft. [vii. 1910], and Serenje District, alt. 4500 ft. [xii. 1907], both in N.E. Rhodesia (S. A. Neave); Kashitu in N.W. Rhodesia (H. C. Dollman: xu. 1914). CrEnTRar Arrica: Kundelungnu, Belgian Congo (Dr. Bequaert, in Mus. Congo Belge: 3). Numerous examples, including seven males, two of which are from Rhodesia. These males differ from the same sex of the Usagara insect here referred to H: spectabilis, Ancey, in having the antennze more strongly serrate, the prothorax more rounded at the sides, and the lamella on the upper inner edge of the intermediate tibize broader and more prominent than the lower one, the inner margin only of the former testaceous. 19. Hapalochrus cochleatus, sp. 0. 3. Very like, and possibly a form of, H. bilamedlatus, but differing chiefly in the development of the intermediate tibiee (Pl. VIII. fig. 14), the lower lamella of which is larger and more angular, and the upper one narrow, mor or less angulate proximally, and sinuato-plicate and deeply sulcate above ; the antenne, too, are a little longer, and have the apical joint strongly curved and more elongate. Length 6!—7, breadth 2-35 mm. (¢ 2.) Hab. E. any W. Centrat Arrica, Mwengwa [type] and Kashitu, N.W. Rhodesia (H. ©. Dollman: xi., xi. 19138, xi, xii. 1914, 1. 1915: ¢ 2), Serenje, N.E. Rhodesia (S. A. Neave: xii. 1907); Babua Bondaye, Kongola Kunde, Kamerun (Mus. Brit.); Mufungwa Sampwe (Dr. Bequaert), Sankisia, Belgian Congo (Dr. Rodhain, in Mus. Congo Belge: 3). ‘'wenty specimens, including males from each district. In this insect the two lamelle of the ¢ intermediate tibie, viewed from above, appear to be placed one before the other, the narrow angulate portion of the upper one issuing at and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. vo about one-third from the base. The females of these closely allied forms are scarcely distinguishable infer se; some of those from Serenje are very hairy and closely resemble the same sex of H. abyssinicus, from which they are separable by their smaller size, and shorter elytra and antenne. 20. Hapalochrus spectabilis. ? Apalochrus spectabilis, Ancey, Nat. Sicil. ii. p. 116 (1883). 3. Elongate, robust, shining ; bluish-green or cyaneous, the elytra sometimes with a large violaceous patch on the outer part of the disc, the mouth-parts, the outer angles of the epistoma, the basal joints of the antennze beneath, the an- terior and intermediate tibize within, the intermediate femora beneath, and the ventral segments in great part, testaceous ; clothed with whitish pubscence intermixed with long, erect, darker hairs. Head somewhat densely punctulate and trans- versely depressed anteriorly, smoother at the base ; antennze long, rather slender, feebly serrate. Prothorax broader than long, subrotundate, very sparsely punctulate. Hlytra long, much widened posteriorly, flattened on the disc, densely, rugulosely punctate, the apices bluntly rounded. Anterior tibize sinuate, excavate in their outer half within, the apical portion (as seen from behind) abruptly widened for some distance ; anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 thickened, 2 ex- tending over 3; intermediate tibice (PI. VIII. fig. 15) greatly swollen, convex and rounded externally, deeply excavate within, the upper and lower edges of the cavity dilated behind the middle into a prominent rounded lamella, the upper one sinuato-plicate and also deeply excavate above. 2. Antenne a little stouter and much shorter; prothorax more transverse; the head entirely, legs, and sometimes the abdomen also, metallic. Length 61-63, breadth 24-3 mm. (¢ ?.) Hab. E. Arrica, Road to Kilossa, Usagara District, alt. 1500 to 2500 ft. (S. A. Neave): 22-26. xii. 1910). Six males and five females, found by Dr. Neave, are pro- visionally referred to this species, the types (? 2? ? ) of which were from Usagara. Ancey does not mention the sexual characters and gives no measurements; he compares his insect with H. festivus, Er., from W. Africa, and states that it is one of the largest of the Malachiids. The colour is variable, above and beneath. This is one of several species with bi-lamellate, swollen intermediate tibiz in @, the tibize themselves being greatly swollen in the present insect. 198 Mr. G. ©. Champion on various African 21. Hapalochrus mitens. Apalochrus nitens, Gorh. Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) v. p. 79 (d 2) (1900). g. Antenne elongate, rather slender, strongly serrate - from joint 4 onward; anterior tibie slightly hollowed towards the apex within, the apical portion rather broad ; anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 elongated, 2 thickened and nigro-pectinate at the apex; intermediate tibiz (Pl. VIII. fig. 16) greatly swollen, curved, convex externally, deeply excavate within, the upper and lower edges of the cavity strongly, subequally, arcuato-lamellate at about the middle, the upper lamella sinuato-plicate and also deeply excavate. ?. Antenne a little stouter, feebly serrate, short ; legs usually much darker, the anterior and intermediate pairs (the bases of the tarsi included) often wholly or in great part testaceous in ¢. Length (head extended ) 53-6, breadth 23-24 mm. (¢ 2.) Hab. E. anv S.E. Arnica: Mwengwa in N.W. Rhodesia (H. C. Dollman: i., ii. 1914); Fort Jameson District, alt. 4000 ft. in N.E. Rhodesia (S. A. Neave, in Mus. Oxon.: viii. 1908) ; Bulawayo [xii. 1903] and Salisbury [i. 1899] (G. A. K. Marshall). The long series, ¢ ¢, obtained by Dr. Marshall and the late H. C. Dollman, the males agreeing perfectly in their structure, vary greatly in the colour in the body (golden- green, green, cyaneous or violaceous, some examples having the head and prothorax green and the elytra cyaneous) and legs, many of the Rhodesian females (but not all of them) having these limbs darker than those from the other localities. Gorham briefly described the sexes, but his definition ‘erosis” of the g-imtermediate tibie gives one no idea of the bilamellate structure. Some of the specimens are labelled as having been found on grass-seeds. Compared with H. dilamellatus and other allied forms with somewhat similar @-characters, H. nitens is a relatively narrower, smaller insect. A 9 from Kambove, Katanga (S. A. Neave), may also belong here. 22. Hapalochrus clavicornis, sp. n. _ &. Moderately elongate, cyaneous, the head and prothorax bluish-green in one example, the basal joint of the antenne beneath, a space at the middle of the anterior tibiz, and the base of the intermediate femora narrowly, testaceous, the rest of the antennz and legs (the claws excepted) black or metallic, and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. 199 the abdomen partly red ; clothed with fine pubescence inter- mixed with longer, semi-erect, pallid hairs. Head about as wide as the prothorax, rather sparsely punctulate, sulcate down the middle anteriorly, depressed between the eyes, and deeply, transversely excavate on each side posteriorly, the two excavations narrowly separated along the median line ; antenne moderately long, not very slender, joints 3-9 flattened, parallel-sided, oblong, 10 dilated, flattened, some- what oval, much wider than 9, bluntly rounded at tip. Prothorax transverse, convex, rounded at the sides, closely punctulate. Elytra widened and rather convex posteriorly, conjointly rounded at the apex, deeply punctate. Anterior tibiz widened, sinuate, obliquely compressed, and with a narrow diaphanous space on their inner edge, before the tip ; anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 slightly thickened, long, 2 extending over the base of 8; intermediate femora hollowed towards the apex and deeply excavate near the base beneath ; intermediate tibie (Pl. VIII. fig. 17) curved, broad, convex above, arcuately dilated at the middle externally and sinuate thence to the tip, deeply excavate at the middle and apex beneath, and furnished with a dentiform pencil of matted pallid hairs at the inner angle, the apex itself toothed beneath. ?. Antenne a little more slender ; head densely punc- tate, simply hollowed down the middle posteriorly and transversely depressed anteriorly ; legs wholly metallic. Length 43-54, breadth 2-2,4,mm. (¢ ?.) Hab. ¥:. Arnica, Mwengwa [1. i. 1914] and Kafue River, Namwala [iii. 1913], both in N. or N.W. Rhodesia (H. C. Dollman). Two pairs, found on grass. This species may be readily identified by the dilated apical joint of the antenne in the two sexes, and the deeply excavate head and the very peculiarly-formed intermediate tibize in the g. H.cavifrons, Pic (1913), from the Congo, seems to have the head excavate as in H. clavicornis, and antenne dilated somewhat as in H, platycerus (No. 35). 23. Hapalochrus dilaticornis, sp. n. &. Moderately elongate, clothed with whitish pubescence, the elytra with short semi-erect hairs; bluish-green, the labrum, palpi, joints 1-5 of the antenne, anterior and inter- mediate femora and tibiz, and posterior tibiz (except towards the apex), testaceous, the rest of the antennz and legs black or metallic. Head short, broad, densely punctulate, opaque ; antenne long, very broadly dilated, joints 4-9 200 On African and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. strongly transverse, oblique, 3 triangular. Prothorax con- vex, transverse, about as wide as the head, obliquely narrowed posteriorly, shining, sparsely, very finely punctulate. Hlytra long, a little broader than the prothorax, slightly widened posteriorly, shining, densely, rugulosely punctate, smoother at the base. Anterior trochanters produced into a short point; anterior femora with a small tooth at the base ; anterior tibiee twisted, broadly, obliquely dilated and excavate at the middle ; anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 thickened, 2 extend- ing over 3; intermediate femora broadly excavate at the base beneath ; intermediate tibiz (Pl. VIII. fig. 18) greatly thickened, widening outwards, deeply, abruptly excavate in their apical third within, and furnished with a long, curved, narrow, compressed appendage near the imner angle and a slightly shorter appendage beneath the outer angle, the apex appearing bilobate when viewed from behind. Length 44, breadth 2 mm. Hab. W. Arrica, Onitsha in 8, Nigeria (J. A. de Gaye : vii. 1910). One male. Extremely like H. testaceicornis, Pic (1914), a ¢ of which, from Nyangwe on the Congo, named by the author, has been lent me by M. Schouteden ; but differing from it in the longer and more broadly dilated antenne, the testaceous intermediate femora and tibie, the tibize with longer apical appendages and wanting the fovea beneath, the anterior tibiz with a broader ear-shaped lobe at the middle. Less elongate than the Rhodesian H. platycerus, g (No. 35), the head not so rugose, the anteunz shorter and broadly lamellate from the base, the legs and antenne partly testa- ceous. 24. Hapalochrus testaceicornis. ? Hapalochrus testacetcornis, Pic, Mélanges exot.-entom. x. p. 15 (¢) (Oct. 1914). g. Antenne shorter and less dilated than in H. dilali- cornis, joints 6-9 transverse, 1-6 testaceous, 7-10 black; anterior trochanters produced into an acute tooth ; anterior femora with a small tooth at the base ; anterior tibize broadly dilated and excavate at the middle; anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 thickened, 2 extending over 3; intermediate femora excavate and testaceous at the base beneath, for the rest black ; intermediate tibiz black, greatly thickened, deeply, abruptly excavate towards the apex within, and with a long, curved, basally-dilated appendage at the inner apical angle and a short tooth below the outer angle, the lower surface deeply foveate beyond the middle. Descriptions and Records of Bees. 201 2. Antenne shorter and not so stout, subserrate, joints 1-3 partly or wholly testaceous, the others black; legs black. Hab. W. anv E. Centra Arnica, Fort Sibut, Congo (type of Pic), Nyangwe (Dr. Bequaert: 29.xi.1910: ¢, det. Pic), Amadi, Congo da Lemba,Yambata, Léopoldville, Bas-Kasai, Mayumbé, Wombali, Coquilhatville, Manyema, &c. (Mus. Congo Belge: ¢ 9), W. Ankole in Uganda (S.A. Neave: ? ). The above description of the g is taken from a specimen from Nyangwe named H. testaceicornis by Pic, but it does not agree with his diagnosis, in which he gives the antenne as ‘non épaissies” and whoily testaceous in colour; a 9, from Manyema, in the same collection was named by him H. cribrarius, Thoms.?, and two others, from Lac Leopoid I., H. azureus, Er., var. These examples have the head densely rugulose, as he described. There is a long series of this species in the Congo Museum, including a dozen males and several females, and a ? from Uganda in the British Museum seems to belong here. lo be continued. } XXIV.—Deseriptions and Records of Bees —LUXXXI1X. By T. D. A. CocKERELL, University of Colorado. Trigona leviceps, Smith. Salem, 8. India, April 14-16 (G. R. Dutt) ; Adderley, Nilgiris, 3000 ft., April 26 (Dutt) ; Mangalore, 8. Canara, April 18-22 (Dutt). I also have it from Java, sent by A. Duchaussoy. Nomada sed’, Cockerell. In ‘Entomological News,’ xxx. p. 292, this was written sede by an oversight. Habropoda fletcheri, sp. n. 3 .—Length about 13 mm., unusually slender; tongue about 9 mm. Black, with the following parts bright lemon-yellow—scape in front, supraclypeal band (with a median upward projec- tion), sides of face up to a little above antenne, clypeus 202 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and (which is long), labrum, and mandibles (except apex and basal tubercle) ; there is a narrow black band on each side of upper half of clypeus; maxillary palpi very long and slender, 6-jointed ; third antennal joint dark red beneath, flagellum otherwise black, except a very faint brownish tint beneath ; cheeks and pleura with long white hair; thorax above with light fulvous hair; tegule rufo-testaceous. Wings hyaline, faintly dusky, first r.n. meeting second t.-c. Abdomen narrow, the hind margins of the segments broadly testaceous ; the surface with thin pruinose pubescence ; apical segment triangular, dark ; venter banded as the dorsum. Legs black basally ; anterior femora with a stripe above and the apex broadly ferruginous; hind femora greatly swollen, black ; tibize and tarsi ferruginous, hind tarsi dark, hind tibis broadly dark in middle, and with a large red apical lamina. The clypeus is hairy and without a keel. Kumaon, Ramgarh, India, 6000 ft., Aug. 26, 1918 (Fletcher). Two males (no. 46). Nearest to H. magretti?, Bingh., but less robust, with black hind femora and dark apex of abdomen. Habropoda fulvipes, Cameron. A male from the Khasia Hills, sent by Mr. Sladen as H. moelleri, is not that species, but evidently fulvipes. Cameron’s supposed male fulvzpes was something else, possibly not congeneric. In the male fulvipes the face below the antenne is entirely rich chrome-yellow and the clypeus is carinated. The scape is yellow in front. The abdomen has the first two segments red. Habropoda krishna, Bingham. A specimen from the Khasia Hills (Sladen) bears a manu- script name by Friese, dedicating the species to Mr. Sladen. I am not aware that Friese has published it. FHlabropoda hookert, sp. n. 9? .—Length about 13 mm. Robust, with abundant pale ochreous-tinted pubescence, not mixed with black ; clypeus strongly rugose, very prominent, faintly keeled on apical half, with a transverse yellow band, broadest in middle, just before the apex; first 1.n. joining second s.m. before the end. This nearly agrees with Hl. montana, Rad., as described by Bingham, but must certainly be distinct, as the hind tibiz Records of Bees. 203 are not specially broadened or modified (their spurs are ferru- ginous and very long), and their inner side, instead of being bare and smooth, is densely covered with brownish hair, Other salient characters are:—Labrum with a ferruginous spot on each side at base; greater part of mandibles pale yellowish or cream-colour ; tegule pale rufo-testaceous ; hair on outer side of middle and hind tibia yellowish white (not bright ferruginous), some black hair near base of tibie; hair on inner side of hind basitarsi dark chocolate; wings brownish ; nervures dark fuscous (not testaceous); hind margins of abdominal segments broadly pallid; fifth segment with a pale reddish fringe. Simla, 7000 ft., Oct. 1907 (H. MZ. L.), Fletcher, 2=type. Mussoorie, 7000 ft., Aug. 1906, also Fletcher, 2. Dedicated to the memory of Sir Joseph Hooker. Anthophora niveocincta, Smith. Taru, Peshawar Dist., N.W. India, Oct. 17-21, 1914 (Fletcher, 4). Anthophora cyaneotincta, sp. n. - ? .—Length about 11°5 mm. Superficially exactly like A. albigena, Lep., except that the second to fourth abdominal bands are very delicately tinted with blue, though not at all shining. It also differs as follows :—Labrum distinctly larger and more quadrate ; black clypeal patches not so large, leaving a dagger-shaped vertical light mark and broad-triangular lateral light areas (the lateral and supraclypeal marks do not differ, and the scape is entirely black) ; fifth abdominal segment entirely black-haired, except for the long white hair at extreme sides ; outer side of hind basitarsi with hair all black. The face- markings are ereamy white. In Friese’s table of Palearctic species it runs to A. albi- gena, but in the labrum approaches A. magnilabris, Fedt. Abbottabad, India, June 10, 1916 (Pletcher, 40). Xylocopa phanerocephala, sp. n. 3 .—Length about 17°5 mm., width of abdomen 7:8 mm. Tegument pure black, but face below level of antennee bright lemon-yellow ; labrum black, strongly punctured, with a smooth median band ; scape long, black ; flagellum, except first joint, obscurely brownish beneath ; eyes large, but inner orbits parallel ; cheeks and occiput with pale hair, front with 204 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and thin black hair; middle of mesothorax with very sparse punctures ; thorax black-haired above, but anteriorly with a broad band of pale ochreous; mesopleura with pale ochreous- tinted hair, but posteriorly to this it is black. Legs black, with black hair, but long pale hair on anterior tarsi poste- riorly, and some pale hair on their tibie ; hind femora sharply keeled beneath ; hind tibise robust and curved ; tegule black or nearly, not punctured. Wings strongly suffused with brown, but not opaque, beautifully violaceous iridescent. Abdomen rather narrow, not very densely punctured, bare, with short black hair, long at apex, first segment black- haired; underside of abdomen with much pale ochreous hair. Ootacamund, India, 7500 ft., Dec. 24-381, 1913 (Fletcher, 1). Two specimens. Rather like X. collaris, Lep., to which it runs in Bingham’s table, but easily separated by the parallel orbits and other characters. Prosopis absoluta, Cameron. ? .—Chapra, Bengal; bred from munj-grass stems, April— May 1910 (Mackenzie: Fletcher, 10). : The markings are very pale, really cream-colour ; the lunate spot which Bingham describes as being at the base of the clypeus is supraclypeal. Tetraloniella chaprensis, sp. n. ? —Length about 10°5 mm., anterior wing 8 mm. Robust, black, with the clypeus, most of labrum and of base of mandibles yellow ; apical part of mandibles black, with an orange stripe; maxillary palpi five-jointed, joints measuring in w: (2) 128, (3) 192, (4) 112, (5) 965; eyes reddish; facial quadrangle about square ; hair of head pale, with an ochreous tint, brighter on occiput ; scape and first two flagellar joints almost entirely black, rest of flagellum bright chestnut-red ; thorax above with bright fox-red hair, dense and not very long ; pleura with pale hair, becoming white beneath ; tegulee clear ferruginous. Wings strongly dusky; stigma and nervures ferruginous; second s.m. oblique, but scarcely narrowed above; first r.n. meeting second t.-c. Legs black, the tarsi ferruginous apically ; hair of legs mainly pale ochreous, but dark on anterior tarsi, dark chocolate on middle tarsi, and black on inner side of hind tibize and basitarsi ; on outer side of hind tibiz and basitarsi it is stiff and white, glittering, but the tuft on hind knees is strongly reddened. Records of Bees. 2095 Abdomen black, the hind margins of the segments con- colorous ; basal half of first segment with pale oclireous hair ; segments 2 and 3 with very broad, entire, felt-like basal hair- bands, so broad as to reach hind margin at extreme sides ; fourth segment covered with such white hair except at sides of base narrowly, but the actual margin fringed with pale reddish ; fifth and sixth with rusty-black hair. Chapra, India (Mackenzie: Fleteher, no. 17). Very distinct from the species known to me. Nurse has described two species of Tetralonia with clypeus yellow in female ; the palpi have not been examined, so they may be referable to Tetraloniella. T. chaprensis differs from T. phryne (Nurse) by the bands on the abdomen being neither narrowed nor interrupted ; and from 7. cassandra (Nurse) by the lack of apical hair-bands on abdominal segments 2 and 3. Tetralonia punetilabris, Cameron. ? .—Peshawar, Khaibar Pass, Alimasjid, April 25, 1916 (Fletcher, 31). This agrees with Cameron’s description, except that the third abscissa of the radius is practically equal with the second, and Cameron says nothing about the hind margin of the first abdominal segment being broadly testaceous. Pre- sumably it is the same species. It is related to 7. tricincta (Krichs.). Tetralonia pachysoma, Te, i. Habropoda lata, Cameron, Rec. Albany Mus. 1905, p. 200 (not 7. lata, Provancher, 1888). Dr. Brauns has examined Cameron’s type, and finds it to be a Tetralonia allied to T. braunsiana, Friese. Tetralonia leucopoda australior, subsp. n. 3 —Hair on last two abdominal segments dark chocolate, instead of fawn-colour. Hyes pale green, more or less suffused with red. Bellary District, Hampasagar, India, Aug. 31, 1912 (Pletcher); Ramakrishna, 20=type. Godavari District, Annampallee, Dec. 19-22 (7. V. R.). This is also very similar to 7. phryne (Nurse) from Deesa, of which 7. glabricornis, Cam., also collected by Nurse at Deesa, appears to bea synonym. Cameron describes glabri- cornis as having the small joints of tarsi pale testaceous and the first 1. n. interstitial; in australior only the apical tarsal 206 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and joint is red, and the first r.n. joins second s.m. an appreciable distance from its apex. * w-. . Tetralonia punjaubensis, Cameron. 3 .—Lyallpur, Punjab, July 24,1917 (G. R. Dutt: Flet- cher, 21). This is evidently Cameron’s species, but the hair of the thorax is rich fulvous and the wing-nervures are dusky reddish, not black. ‘The clypeus and labrum are polished, as if oiled. Nomia aurifrons, Smith. I have a male from F. Smith’s collection which does not agree with Bingham’s description, but Bingham knew only the female. My specimen agrees with male aurifrons as described by Westwood, who stated that it was his MS. JV. silhetica. It seems possible that the supposed sexes may be distinet, in which case the name silhetica can be used for the species before me. Nomia albofasciata, Smith. This was described from Java, and the Indian so-called albofasciata of Bingham is evidently distinct. Bingham described the female; it seems possible tlt it may be identical with NV. argenteobalteata, Cam., based on the male. Nomia andrenina, Cockerell. Both sexes from Chapra, India (Mackenzie: Fletcher, 16). The female differs from the type in being smaller, with dark reddish middle of mandibles and iegs with more red, but it is the same species. The male, hitherto unknown, is similar, but has the face and front densely covered with pale ochreous tomentum, flagellum elongated and conspicuously red near base beneath, wings strongly reddened; first two abdominal segments, before the apical depression, minutely rugoso-punctate ; hind legs not modified, their tarsi long ; hind tibize with a dusky suffusion on inner side, but the basi- tarsi clear pale yellowish red throughout. Nomia fletcheri, sp. n. @ .—Length about 10°5, anterior wing 8 mm. Robust, black, with greatly enlarged tegule, which are white, with a large brown patch; head broad and _ thick ; tongue dagget-like ; mandibles black, faintly reddish in Records of Bees. 207 middle; clypeus shining, coarsely punctured, depressed in middle, the middle and base with much white hair; sides of face and front covered with spreading glittering white hair ; scape long and curved, flagellum obscurely reddish near base ; vertex polished, with large scattered punctures ; mesothorax andscutellum polished, nearly bare, with very large irregular punctures, sparse on mesothorax ; a thin band of white hair along posterior margin of mesothorax, and postscutellum and sides of prothorax (which are sharply margined) densely covered with white tomentum ; posterior face of metathorax densely and coarsely punctured, the basal enclosure small, without plice. Wings faintly dusky, especially at apex; stigma small, dusky reddish, nervures fuscous; first r.n. meeting second t.-c.; third sm. very long, as long as the other two combined ; b.n. meeting t.-m. Legs black, the hind tibiz and all the tarsi with much white hair, hair on inner side of hind tarsi very pale yellowish. Abdomen shining, the first two segments coarsely punctured, unusually large punctures at sides of first before the apical depression ; bases of second and following segments with bands of white tomentum ; apical margins of segments (very narrowly on first) testaceous, on third and fourth overlapped by a thin fringe of hair; apex of fifth segment with dense white hair. Tarnab, Peshawar District, India, May 1916 (Fletcher, 37). Apparently allied to JV. basalis, Smith, but much larger and with dark legs. Nomia opacula, sp. n. ? .— Length about 9 mm. Black ; like JV. jletchert in the form of the head, the tegulee (but the dark area larger), the hair on thorax, abdomen and legs, and the dagger-shaped tongue; clypeus shining, coarsely punctured, only very thinly hairy ; white hair at sides of face and front, but not very abundant ; front coarsely punc- tured, but vertex almost entirely impunctate ; scape long, flagellum faintly reddish beneath; sides of prothorax ex- panded and sharp-edged as in fletcher?; mesothorax and scutellum dull, with a very few scattered punctures; base of metathorax polished, without sculpture, posterior face dullish ; mesopleura rugose. Wings strongly dusky, stigma reddish brown, nervures fuscous ; b. n. strongly bent, meeting t.-m. ; first r.n. meeting second t.-c.; third s.m. not so long as in fletcheri. Legs black, with pale hair. First two abdominal segments dull and impunctate ; bands of white tomentum at bases of second and third segments, dise of fourth covered 208 Mr. I. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and with white hair, except a median transverse band, fifth with much white hair. Nasik, India (Comber). Sent by Mr. Meade-Waldo as NV. virgata, Ckll., which it only superficially resembles. Me Nomia chaprensis, sp. n. 9? .—Length about 7:3 mm. Robust ; head, thorax, and legs black; abdomen polished, clear ferruginous, with a black band on middle third of second segment, just before the depression, third and fourth segments with entire black bands, broadened at sides, slender in middle ; fifth segment and apex black ; head broad, orbits converging below ; mandibles red in middle ; clypeus finely rugoso-punctate, supraclypeal area shining ; face and front covered with pale slightly ochreous-tinted hair; flagellum dark reddish beneath; mesothorax and scutellum shining, with very fine punctures; thorax above with rather dense short pale ochreous hair ; prothorax ordinary ; posterior face of métathorax polished, rounded, with weak punctures; basal area small and not evidently sculptured, but there is a linear transverse groove in which are fine ruge; tegule small, fulvous. Wings hyaline, stigma and nervures pale ferru- ginous; b.n. falling short of t.-m.; second s.m. narrow, receiving first r.n. beyond middle. Legs with pale ochreous hair, hind basitarsi broad, small joints of tarsi red. Abdomen without hair-bands, but fourth and fifth segments apically with thin yellowish hair. Chapra (Mackenzie: Fletcher, 3). TI do not know any closely allied species. The short, broad, bare, red abdomen is distinctive. Nomia chalcea, sp. n. 9 .—Length about 9 mm. With the aspect of an Andrena; head, thorax, and legs black, tarsi reddish apically ; abdomen with first segment red, second red with a broad black band, third black with extreme base and broad apex red, remaining segments black, the hind margin of fourth pellucid ; mandibles dark reddish beyond middle; clypeus dullish, very finely rugose, con- spicuously depressed in middle; face with very thin whitish hair; front extremely minutely punctured ; scape long, flagellum red beneath except basally, broadly so at apex ; mesothorax and scutellum shining, with hardly noticeable minute punctures ; thorax above sparsely hairy, except the Records of Bees. 209 tomentose postscutellum ; prothorax ordinary ; sides of thorax hoary with pale hair; posterior face of metathorax rounded, shining, hardly sculptured, basal area smooth and _ polished. Legs slender, with glittering pale hair, ferruginous on inner side of tarsi; hind tibia with hardly any scopa; tegule ordinary, testaceous, with broadly fuscous base. Wings strongly brownish ; stigma large and piceous, nervures sepia ; b. n. meeting t.-im. ; second s.m, narrow and small, receiving first yon. in middle. Abdomen shining, without distinct punctures and without hair-bands ; the red hind margins of first two segments broadly depressed. Manantoddy, Wynad, India, 2500 ft., Nov. 17, 1917 Chee. 3 Hletcher, 33). Nomia immsi, sp. n. 2? .—Length 6:3 mm, . Head and thorax black, with rather abundant white hair, not, however, hiding surface of mesothorax ; legs dark rufo- piceous, with much white hair, the hind tibia with a broad scopa; hind knee-plate large and conspicuous; abdomen broad, shining, first segment clear ferruginous with a pair of dusky spots, remaining segments black, with hind margins of 2 to 4 broadly testaceous hyaline ; no distinct hair-bands. Mandibles red in middle; head broad, sides of face and front with much white hair; clypeus finely punctured, glittering between the punctures, not depressed in middle ; supraclypeal area very large, convex, polished, with sparse distinct punc- tures; flagellum reddened beneath beyond middle; vertex closely punctured; mesothorax and scutellum shining, with sparse fine punctures ; metathorax rounded, the basal area smooth and polished; tegula small, testaceous. Wings clear hyaline, stigma rufo-piceous, nervures pale brown; b.n. regularly arched, falling short of t.-m.; second s.m. very narrow, receiving first r.n. in middle; third s.m. very broad above. Abdomen not distinctly punctured. Dehra Dun, India, 1. 5. 1912 (A. D. Imms: Fletcher, 39). Nomia burmica, sp. n. 3 .—Length 7:3 mm. Black, with the extreme apex of abdomen, the knees, tibie, and tarsi ferruginous; legs slender and unmodified ; tegule ferruginous, not enlarged. Head broad, eyes black, converging below ; mandibles rufous beyond middle; face and front densely covered with glittering pale golden hair ; antennee very long, flagellum ferruginous beneath ; front and o vertex dull and granular ; mesothorax and scutellum densely Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 14 210 Descriptions and Records of Bees. covered with felt-like brownish-ochreous tomentum ; area of metathorax rather large, dull, finely rugoso-plicate basally ; truncation below area with ochreous hair. Wings flavescent hyaline, the apex dusky ; stigma large, ferruginous, nervures fuscous; b.n. falling short of t.-m.; second s.m. about square, receiving first r.n. at middle; third s.m. broad above. Abdomen very finely punctured, the depressed testaceous apical margins of segments covered with pale ochreous tomentum; fifth ventral segment emarginate and with a pair of tubercles. Tatkon, Upper Burma, Sept. 6-7, 1914 (Fletcher, 45). Nomia perconcinna, sp. n. ? .—Length about 8-2, anterior wing 6°5 mm. Black, robust, with the hind margins of the first four abdominal segments having white tegumentary bands, very narrow on first, broadest on fourth ; tegule ordinary, reddish fuscous ; postscutellum unarmed. Head broad, sides of face and front with white hair; mandibles black ; clypeus dull, finely rugoso-punctate, slightly depressed in middle ; front dull; scape long, flagellum bright ferruginous beneath ; mesothorax and scutellum shining, the mesothorax closely and finely punctured, the scutellum polished, with large punctures at sides and middle ; posterior face of metathorax truncate, margined, finely rugulose, with very little hair ; basal area opaque, without evident sculpture; mesopleura glistening, and with white hair. Legs black, with pale hair, yellowish on inner side of hind tibiz and tarsi, the tegument of apical part of hind tibize red on inner side. Abdomen glistening, first segment very finely and closely punctured ; apex with short dark fuscous hair, but sides of apical part with glittering silvery hair; second and third ventral seg- ments stained with red. Dehra Dunn, India, May 3, 1909 (J. &., 88: Fletcher, 26). Allied to N. albofasciata, Smith, and LV. argenteobalteata, Cam., differing in pubescence and sculpture of thorax. The following table readily separates the above new species of Nomia :— Tegule enlarged, with a broad white posterior NCHS Bea cpa nte she lare. 4 Wee eg sie < aks Sree ens 4 Pocibee iordimarys. tuys ae eisis scm ooh lanienotal 2. 1. Mesothorax polished and conspicuously punctate. fletchert, Cll. Mesothorax dull and hardly punctate.......... opacula, Cll. 2. First abdominal segment red First abdominal segment black 5. Ce On Fossil Arthropods in the British Museum. QE 3. Abdomen mainly red, stigma pale ./.......... chaprensis, Ckll. Abdomen with much black, stigma dark ...... 4. 4 Larger; wings dusky 05.1, as sdeus ok ati ace set Chalcea, Chil. emailer: wines clear.*the a ok nae enee tenet. e « imms?t, Cll. 5. Abdomen with white tegumentary bands ...... perconciuna, Ckll. Abdomen with bands of pale ochreoustomentum. bwrmica, CkIl. XXV.—Fossil Arthropods in the British Museum.—lV. By T. D. A. CocKERELL, University of Colorado. THE insects described below were sent from Burma by Mr. R. C. J. Swinhoe, who has presented them to the British Museum. Mr, Swinhoe now writes that the amber mines are not in Burma proper, but in ‘ what is called the unad- ministered tracts.’ The Arthropods so far described from this amber may be summarized as follows :— DiPLOPODA., | HYMENOPTERA. Evaniide, 3. Bethylide, 4. Trigonalide, |. Polyxenide, 1. ARACHNIDA. Pseudoscorpiones, 2. EEE Cheyletidee, 1. | Fulgoride, 1. Aleyrodide, 1. INSECTA.’ TIeTEROPTERA. , Enicocephalidee, 4, THYSANURA. Lepismatide, 1. DIprEra. ; Mycetophilide, 2. ISOPTERA, Cecidomyiide, 1. Termitide, 2. Chironomide, 1, Embiide, |. | Psychodidae, 1. Kmpidide, 2. DERMAPTERA, I. | CoLEOPTERA. CoRRODENTIA. Buprestide, 1. Psocide, 2. Elateride, 1. Pedilide, 1. TRICHOPTERA, lI, Rhipiphoride, 1. Dermestide, 1. LEPIDOPTERA, Tpide, 1. Micropterygide, 1. Total, 40*. * Not a trace of an ant can be found in any of the materials. Frag- ments of Blattidee eccur, but not sufficient for description. There are also small spiders, 14* 212 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Fossil Arthropods DERMAPTERA. Labidura (?) electrina, sp.n. (Fig. 1.) Length about 4°5 mm. Fuscous; antennee rather stout, much as in Labia ; ante- rior lobe of head prominent, the whole head formed much as in Labidura nepalensis, Bury ; last two joints of labial palpi stout, the last with short hairs and extending beyond head ; last three joints of maxillary palpi long and slender, subequal, the two apical ones distad of the front of the head; hind femora stout, the upper margin strongly elevated, and with three strong dark bristles about the middle ; forceps slender, denticulate on inner border, practically as in female Labi- dura bengalensis, Dohrn, but apex not curved. Fig. 1. Labidura electrina, sp. n. Burmese amber, from Mr. R. C. J. Swinhoe. Ina small pale-coloured piece. The shape of the forceps recalls the American Miocene genus Labiduromma, Scudder. This may be immature, and very likely should be separated from Labidura, but it is impossible at present to find satisfactory characters on which to base a genus. DIPTERA. EOPHLEBOTOMUS, gen. nov. (Psychodide). Minute flies closely resembling Phlebotomus, Rondani, but in the British Aluseum. 213 with venation approaching closely that of the Ptychopterid Macrochile, Loew, from Baltic amber. Antenne very long and slender, apparently 15- (perhaps 16-) jointed, the joints with whorls of hairs, the apical joints elongate-conical, with a rounded swollen base; proboscis evident, similar to that of Phlebotomus; palpi long and slender, extending beyond proboscis, simple, not covered with hair, the last two joints subequal, and shorter than the one before ; thorax much less elevated than in Phlebotomus papatasit, Scopoli (specimen from Egypt compared), but with long erect dorsal hair as in Phlebotomus ; coxe very long, longer than in Phlebotomus ; hind femora very long and slender ; abdominal segments dorsally with long erect hair as in PAlebotomus; male geni- talia, so far as visible, similar in general character to those of Phlebotomus, but these also, in respect to the claspers, are very like those of Macrochile. Wing much more like that of a Tipulid in general appearance than a Psychodid ; costa with long hair, but the veins not evidently hairy. The subcosta, radius, and radial sector are not strikingly different from Phlebotomus, but the sector arises sharply from R,, forming a very large angle, and strongly curving near the base, rather exaggerating the condition in Macrochile. The anterior cross- vein ig only a short distance before the fork of the radial sector ; in Phlebotomus it is far before it, but in Macrochile a short distance beyond it. M, (marked R,; in Needham’s figure of Macrochile) is unbranched. M, (M, of Needham) is also apparently simple, though itis branched in Phlebotomus and Macrochile. M; and Cuj, instead of being held together by a short cross-vein as in Macrochile, are completely united for a considerable distance. The anal is simple. Type the following :— Lophlebotomus connectens, sp.n. (Fig. 2.) Length about 1:12 mm. Dark fuscous, with clear wings, the venation pale. An- tennee about 720 uw long ; proboscis about 145 w; hind coxes about 192 4; hind femora about 400 w long. Burmese amber, from Mr. R. C. J. Swinhoe. In a small piece of pale-coloured amber. This remarkable insect beautifully connects the Ptycho- pteridze with the Psychodidee, and indicates how the Psycho- dids evolved from Tipuloid ancestors. Yet in the minute size and general appearance it is entirely like Phlebotomus and very unlike the Ptychopterids. Iam not quite sure that 214 Mr, R. Gumey on the British Species M, is simple; it is very faint, and the edge of the wing is folded over at the point where a branch might be. Fig. 2. — = SESS 3 LEZ —— ees —_— ) End of x y) antenna End of PUES NU abdomen proboscis palpus a - coxa and femur Eophlebotomus connectens, sp. 0. XXVI.—The British Species of the Copepod Genus Nitocra, Boeck. By Roserr Gurney, M.A, Tne species of the genus Nitocra, hitherto recorded as British, are—N. hibernica (Brady), N. palustris (Brady), N. palustris, var. elongata, Scott, N. simplex, Schmeil*, N. oligocheta, Giesb., and N. (Ameira) amphibia, Brady. Of these N. hibernica is a purely fresh-water species, quite distinct from the rest, and N. simplex is also undoubtedly a distinct species ; but, concerning the remaining species, there is some confusion as regards their validity and relation- ship to oneanother. Prof. Sars, in his ‘Crustacea of Norway,’ has treated N. palustris, N. oliyocheta, and Ameira amphibia as synonyms of N. typica, Boeck, while he regards N. palus- tris, var. elongata, Scott, as identical with N. spinipes, Boeck. With regard to N. oligochata and A. amphibia, he is unquestionably right, but some uncertainty remains about N. palustris (Brady). Having recently met with the species attributed by Prof. Sars to N. spinipes, Boeck, I was led to re-examine specimens which I had previously referred to N. palustris, and found that, in all cases, these specimens were properly to be referred to N. spinipes. This species is * Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) v. p. 356 (1920). of the Copepod Genus Nitocra. 215 identical in all respects with Brady’s N. palustris, with the exception that Brady describes the fifth foot of the male of that species as ‘obsolete, being reduced to a minute seti- ferous lobe,” so that it was evident, either that N. palustris is synonymous with N, spinipes, and not with N. typica, as Prof. Sars states, or that it is a species distnict from both. Through the kindness of Dr. Calman, I have been allowed to examine all the specimens of the genus in the Norman Collection in the British Museum. ‘This collection contains specimens (named as N. palustris) from seven localities, and in all cases the females were found to be indistinguishable from N. spinipes. In four cases only were males present, but these males also agree exactly with those of N. spinipes, so that all the specimens in the Norman Collection may be regarded as belonging to that species. Prof. Meek has been good enough to send me a slide containing specimens collected by Prof. Brady at Oulton Broad, Suffolk, and named by him Canthocamptus palustris, and, as this is one of the original localities given by him, the specimens may be regarded as co-types. Unfortunately no males were found upon the slide, but the females agree in all respects with N. spinipes. The Norman Collection includes examples from Seaton Carew, Durham, which were probably named by Dr. Brady, and among these were one or two males having the fifth foot as in N. spinipes, so that there can be no doubt that N. paiustris (Brady) is not a distinct species, but is synonymous with N. spinipes, Boeck, as described by Prof. Sars. Van Douwe * figures the fifth foot of N. palus- tris as a broad plate with four setz, but, as he does not appear to have met with the male himself + probably his figure is taken from Dr. Brady’s, which, in my opinion, represents the basal part only, the distal joint having been overlooked. The following synonymy and short description will suffice to discriminate the British species of Nitocra :— 1. Nitocra hibernica (Brady). Canthocamptus hibernicus, Brady, Mon. British Copepoda, xi. 1880, p- 52. Nitocra hibernica, Schmeil, Deutsch. Freil. Cop. 1893, p. 78. Abdominal segments with rings of spines complete dorsally. Dorsal surface marked with very fine cilia. Furcal rami longer than wide. * ‘Deutschlands Susswasserfauna,’ Heft xi, 1909, p. 57, + Zool. Anz. xxix. 1905, p. 519, 216 Mr. R. Gurney on the British Species First legs: first joint of endopodite as long as the whole exopodite, the last two joints very small. Second and third legs: no inner seta on third joint of exopodite, no seta on basal joint of endopodite. Fifth legs of female : basal joint with two setz and three modified spines ; second joint narrow, with six setze. Habitat. Fresh water. Distribution. Germany, France, South Russia. In Eng- land only in South and Kast, and in Ireland. Common in Norfolk Broads. Filth legs of male (A) and female (B) of WV. typica (1), NV. spinipes (2), and NV. simplex (3). 2. Nitocra spinipes, Boeck. (Fig. 1, 2; fig. 2, B.) Nitocra spinipes, Boeck, Forh. i. vid. Selsk. Christ. 1865, p. 274; Sars, Crustacea of Norway, v. 1911, p. 213. Canthocamptus palustris, Brady, Monog. 1880, p. 58. Canthocamptus palustris, Van Douwe, Zool. Anz. xxix. 1905, p. 519. Canthocamptus palustris, var. elongata, T. & A. Scott, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xiv. 1895, p. 459, Rings of spines on abdominal segments not complete of the Copepod Genus Nitocra. 210 dorsally. In the male there is a transverse row of spines at the base of the operculum. Furcal rami broader than long. First leg: endopodite slightly longer than exopodite, its first joint exceeding the first two joints of the exopodite. Second and third legs: inner seta of third jotnt of exopodite present. Fifth leg of female: basal joint with five sete. Second joint oval, with five sete. In the male the basal joint has three or four sete, and the second joint has six sete and is broader than in the female. Habitat. Brackish water. Distribution. Norway ; Novaya Zemlya ; Baltic coast of Germany ; Syria. In Britain—Shetland islands ; West Loch Tarbert ; Unst; Langbank ; Dumbarton; Bay of Nigg; Hevgistbury Head. In Norfolk—Oulton Broad ; Breydon Water; Horsey ; Lower reaches of River Bure; Salthouse. 3. Nitocra typica, Boeck. (Fig. 1,1; fig. 2, A.) es Boeck, ibid. p. 274 (1865); Sars, Crust. of Norway, v. p. 212. vee amphibia, Brady, Nat. Hist. Trans. Northd. xiv. 1902, p. 57. Nitocra oligocheta, Giesbrecht, 4th Ber. Comm. Wiss. Unt. deutsch. Meeres, 1882, p. 116. Rings of spines on abdominal segments incomplete dorsally or broken by a series of exceedingly fine cilia. Lateral spines very long. Furcal rami broader than long. First leg: first joint of endopodite considerably longer than the whole exopodite. Second and third legs: inner seta of third joint of exo- podite and seta of basal joint of endopodite present. Fifth leg: 9 —basal joint with five sete, 2nd joint oval, broad, with six sete. ¢ —basal joint with four sete, 2nd joint with six. flabitat. Marine (muddy shores) or brackish water. Distribution. Norwegian Coast; Kiel Bay. In Britain— Salcombe; Southport ; Scilly Islands ; Newcastle, Co. Down; Salthouse (Norfolk). 4. Nitocra simplex, Schmeil. (Fig. 1, 3; fig. 2, C.) Nitocra simplex, Schmeil, Zeits. Naturw. Ixvii. 1894, p. 347. Nitocra miillerit, Van Douwe, Zool, Anz, xxviii. 1905, p. 454. Rings of spines on abdominal segments incomplete dorsally. First leg: endopodite and exopodite of about the same length. 218 Mr. R. Gurney on the British Species Second and third legs: inner seta of third joint of exo- podite present. No seta on basal joint of endopodite. Fifth leg of female: basal joint with five sets, second joint with six sete, rather narrower than in N. spinipes. A. N. typica. First leg of female. B. N. spinipes. First leg of male. C. N. simplex. First leg of male. First antenna of male: penultimate joint with a row of knobs. Habitat. Slightly brackish water. - Distribution. Germany (Baltic Coast). Norfolk—Hickling Broad and a ditch at Cley-by-Sea. The genus includes also the following species :— (1) Nitocra pusilla, Sars. Nitocra pusilla, Sars, Crust. of Norway, v. p. 396. Differs from all other species in absence of spines from the operculum and last segment of the abdomen. In this and other respects it approaches the genus Ameira. Habitat. Marine. Norwegian Coast. (2) Nitocra wolterecki, Brehm. litocra woltereckt, Brehm, Zool. Anz. xxxiv. 1909, p. 421. First leg : rami of equal length. of the Copepod Genus Nitocra. 219 Fifth leg of female: basal joint with five sete, 2nd joint narrow, with five sete. Habitat. Brackish water. Phlegrean Plain, Italy. (3) Nitocra fragilis, Sars. Nitoera fragilis, Sars, Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.) xxi, 1905, p. 386. Closely resembling N. spinipes. Differs from it in shape of fifth leg. Habitat. Brackish water. Chatham Islands. (4) Nitocra platypus, Daday. Nitocra platypus, Daday, Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.) xxiv. 1906, p. 192. Spine-rings of abdominal segments complete in last three segments in ¢, incomplete dorsally in ¢. First leg : rami of equal size. Fifth leg: @ —basal joint with one long seta and four very small ones, 2nd joint small, with five short sete. 3 —basal joint with three very short spines, 2nd joint with five short sete. Habitat. Fresh water (?). Siam. The following species which have been ascribed to the genus Nitocra should, in my opinion, be referred to other genera :— (1) Nitocra paradowxa, Daday. Nitocra paradoxa, Daday, Zool. Jahrb, (Syst.) xix. 1904, p. 492 (Turkestan). : The possession of two egg-sacs, the structure of the man- dible-palp, and the absence of denticles on the operculum, together with the arrangement of the sete of the swimming- legs bring this species within the definition of the genus Schizopera, Sars, eight species of which have been described by Prof. Sars from Lake Tanganyika, while he notes the occurrence of species also in the Chatham Islands, Caspian Sea, and in Birket-el-Kurun, Egypt. (2) Nitocra phlegrea, Brehn. Nitocra phlegrea, Brehm, Zool. Anz. xxxiy. 1909, p. 422 (Italy). Brehm’s description is somewhat incomplete, but the extreme elongation of the endopodite of the first leg and the form of the sensory spine at the base of this leg in the @ agree more with the genus Ameira than with Niiocra. 220 Mr. O. Sund on (3) Nitocra brevisetosa, Daday. Nitocra brevisetosa, Daday, Termes. Fuz. xxxiv. 1901, p. 37 (New Guinea). The two-jointed endopodite of the fourth leg and the structure of the antenna and fifth feet exclude this species from the genus Nidocra. It should be included in the genus Canthocamptus. (4) Nitocra gracilimana, Giesbrecht. Nitocra gracilimana, Giesbrecht, Res. Voyage du Belgica, 1902. The smooth anal operculum, slenderness of first leg, form of the sensory spine of the male first leg, and the structure of the fifth feet indicate the genus Ameira. Key for Discrimination of the European Specius of Nitocra. ]. First leg: first joint of endopodite as long as, or longer PHAN, OMOPOUIE s 5 nt, orate oho 2. This joint shorter than the exopodite....... 4, 2. Anal operculum smooth (7s, -)-\6 626 «es a N. pusilla, Sars. Anal operculum with spines.............. : 3. Furcal rami longer than wide ............ N. hibernica (Brady). Furcal rami wider than Long +), 2% .% eee peters NV. typica, Boeck. 4, Distal joint of fifth leg of female with six SEL Maran Oem TR MAI STENE SLAP Ry Arad 3 - NV. simplex, Schmeil. Lhis joint withifive sete .\, cielo «enh 5. 5. Furcal rami as wide as long. Distal joint of fifth foot of female narrow .......... N. wolterecki, Brehm. Furcal rami wider than long. Distal joint of fifth leg of female broad ............ N. spinipes, Boeck. XXVII.— The ‘Challenger’ Eryonidea (Crustacea). By OscarR Sunp, Cand. Real., Scientific Adviser to the Norwegian Bureau of Fisheries, Bergen. DuRING a recent stay in London I had, through the kindness of Dr. W. T. Calman, an opportunity of making the ‘Challenger’ collection of Eryonidea the object of a cursory examination. The following lines are a brief account of the chief conclusions arrived at. Eryoneicus cecus, Bate. The single (type) specimen is 12 mm. long (carapace 6°5 mm.), and seems to have been in a rather poor condition when preserved. Still it is possible to see that the description given by Bate and Willemoes-Suhm is incomplete and the drawings, especially that by Bate (pl. xii. E), not very the * Challenger’ Eryonidea. 221 accurate. From the arrangement of the median dorsal spines of the carapace, it appears with little doubt that Eryonicus faxont, Bouvier (Bull. Mus. Oc. Monaco, 1905), is asynonym, and that therefore #. eewcus is a young stage of Stereomastis (Polycheles) sculpta, Smith. Ifa single spine is designated with 1, a double with 2, and a blunt-tipped with 3, the arrangement alluded to may be represented thus :—2 (the very small rostral spines) —1—2—3 (cerv. sulcus) —2—2— 3—2. I could not detect the single spine occupying the fourth place in £. favoni, but that may be due to the bad state of preservation making the investigation very difficult. Along the lateral edge is found a row of eight long spines, on the branchial area a row of five, on the eastral area two, and on the branching point of the cervical sulcus one. Willemoesia leptodactyla, Willemoes-Suhm. Bate enumerates (p. 164) four specimens from the ‘ Chal- lenger’ referred to this species, but on p. 169 he mentions five. The collection contains six, some particulars of which are given in the table below, as Bate’s statements partly are inaccurate, partly wrong. Measurements given in per cent. of carapace length, if not expressly stated as mm. “Challenger ’ Stat. no... 13 1383 298 300 Wigenlie j| 21° 38’ N, | 35° 41'S. 34° 7'S 50° 42'S, Se eae )| 44° 39’ W. | 20° 65' W.| 73° 56’ Ww. (78°18) W. Specimen NO: L454. 656 1 2 3 4/5 | 6 DOK tet anes wus tutte ° io) pS (Git=9) BN SLE iroh EAL (a) Length of carapace (C), 14dODI ig ORM Dod aio oo 49 38 54 46| 46] 33 Total length (L), mm... (107) 81 120 105| 110} 77 Do. in per cent. of C .. 217 2138 222 227 | 238 | 233 Breadth (where cervical crosses median line). . 65 68 67 67| 76| 67 Breadth between antero- lateral points of cara- ECCCe Ce OR RCO Oe (35) 42 43 43] 41] 46 Distance from cervical to posterior edge of cara- PACEIgTs Veacteren as. 47 50 50 49| 49] 49 Cheliped : Merger. fcagere a 106 100 98 | 96) 98 Carpusaiasgtins a: 82 68 78 74| 70 Propodusivs.ixt: e+ 88 82 83 80} 91 Dacty lugs earn - 47 50 46 46| 50 222 Mr. O. Sund on The following additional particulars are of interest in describing the specimens :— Specimen no. 1.—This is the type of the species, and is figured in pl. xviii. and pl. xix.C”, but rather inaccurately as far as the spines are concerned at least. ‘lhe armature of the median ridge may be expressed by the following formula, employing the same symbols as above, under Hryoneicus c@ecus -— il Pd Dears Sa, Pa ee ae The lateral edge carries 29 spines, of which 7 are situated forward of, 4 between, and 18 behind the branches of the cervical sulcus (7+4+18). The surface of the carapace is covered by a dense “fur” of short spinules except on the elevated ridges, which are smooth. The hook in the middle line on the back of the first pleosomite is quite rudimentary. Specimen no. 2.—Median ridge spine-formula: 1 TRE Tek 1h 4 1 Gils lal Lateral edge spine-formula : Right side 11+6421, left 10+6+19. This specimen furthermore differs from no. 1 in the following particulars :— (a) Two of the median spines (marked ’ in the above formula) are elastic and bend when pressed, in these respects resembling the blunt-tipped spines found in the corresponding place in all Eryoneicus. (b) The frontal edge has nearly no orbital sinus, a feature which is well-marked in the type-specimen. (c) The third joint of the antennular peduncles is only half as long as the second, in no. 1 the three joints are of about the same length. (d) The last joint of the antennal peduncle is about 50 °/, longer than the penultimate, in no. 1 it is of equal length. Specimen no. 3.—Median line spine-formula : 1 1111 C (posterior part smooth). Lateral edge spine-formula : 5+5+8. Posterior portion of the edge smooth. “ Fur” on carapace as in no. 1. the ‘ Challenger’ Eryonidea. 223 Specimen no. 4.—This specimen is not mentioned by Bate. Median line formula as in no. 3. Lateral edge formula: 5+3+5. Posterior half of the edge smooth. ‘ Fur” as in no. 1. Specimen no. 5.—Figured by Bate in pl. xix.C. The frontal margin forms a retreating angle, at the top of which the rostral spines are situated. ‘The carapace, when seen in profile, is strongly arched. Median line spine-formula: i Be 2 eae Oe ele tae le Wh, 1 These spines are small. Lateral edge spine-formula : 10+5-+23, well-developed spines. The smaller spines spread over the carapace are more sparsely set than in nos, 1, 3,4, and 6. The first pleosomite carries dorsally a well-developed hook, and the branchial ridge, which is smooth in the other specimens, carries a row of spines. Specimen no. 6 resembles nos. 3 and 4. Median line and lateral edge-formulas as in no. 4. The conclusion I arrived at when examining the above specimens is that they ought to be conceived as representatives of four instead of one species, and I accordingly propose the following names :— 1. Willemoesia leptodactyla, Willemoes-Suhm, repre- sented by the type-specimen no. 1. 2, ——- secunda, sp. n., represented by specimen no. 2. 3. challengeri, sp. u., represented by specimens nos. 3, 4, and 6. 4, pacifica, sp. n., represented by specimen uo. 5. Stereomastis suhm?, Bate. Bate’s figure (pl. xv. fig. 3) is not very good, the form of the body being, in fact, not very different from S, nana, S. sculpta, ete. All the nine specimens, of sizes from 31 to 45 mm., were taken at Stat. 311, and every one of them displays the same median ridge spine-formula : 211221 © 2 (2) (2) 2. Bate gives it somewhat differently, making the two inter- mediary, small, double spines appear as single, both in the 224 Mr. O. Sund on text and in the drawing, thus precluding the possibility of referring any new finds to his species, as the genus Sterco- mastts (sensu deeMan) is especially characterized by the great constancy of the arrangement of the spinous armature. Stereomastis auriculata, Bate. The type (holotype) is a female, 49 mm. long. Length of carapace=22, breadth 15, distance from cervical sulcus to posterior edge 9 mm. Median ridge spine-formula : 2° A Ave? a eee The two hindmost spines, designated by 2, are very large. The lateral edge is armed with 5+3+4+7 spines. On the gastral area is a row of four spines, on the branching point of the cervical ridge one, and on the anterior branch one spine. he branchial ridge carries eleven spines. Polycheles helleri, Bate. Stereomastis hellert, de Man, ‘ Siboga’ Monogr. 39 a 2. The type (from Stat. 218, N. of New Guinea) is figured in pl. xiv. fig. 2 and pl. xv. fig. 1. Especially the last-named figure is quite misleading. The lateral edge carries 6+3+2 spines+a number of rudimentary ones in ifs posterior part. ‘There is a spine in the middle of the anterior branch of the cervical ridge not shown in the figure (xiv. 2). Total length AT, carapace 22 mm. The other specimen (from Stat. 170, near Kermadec Islands, N. of New Zealand) is certainly of a species distinct from the type. The median ridge carries the same sequence of large spines, but the spaces between these are occupied by numerous small spinules set in single row. Along the lateral edge are found 7+4+14 well-developed spines. On the cervical ridge no spines are found. ‘otal length 32, length of carapace 16, breadth 10°5 mm. As the specimen from Stat. 170 seems to differ funda- mentally from all other species described in several of the characters mentioned above, it lias a claim to a naine of its own, and I take the liberty of proposing for it the name Stereomastis kermadecensts, sp. 0. Pentacheles gracilis, Bate. Polycheles gracilis, de Man, 1. c. The single specimen (from Stat. 174, 19° 8’ S., 178° 20/ E.) the * Challenger’ Evryonidea. 225 is a female 52 mm. long, carapace=25 mm., breadth 19°5 and distance from cervical sulcus to posterior edge of carapace 12mm. The median spine-formula may be given thus: the spines in the posterior part being mere tubercles. The lateral’ edge is armed with 944414 spines. The branchial ridge carries 30-32 small spines. There are no spines on the gastral area and none on the cervical ridges. The figure given by Bate is not particularly good. Pentacheles levis, Bate. Polycheles levis, de Man, J. ¢. Two specimens are referred to this species. There is not much evidence apart from the labels that they are the objects referred to in Bate’s text and figures. NOERUIOM a) .)s wate ete Conk 214 500 Thoealaty, oso. 4° 33’ N., 127° 6 E. 33° 42’S., 78° 18" W. SBPOCIMCIU. Sacdiy ce esree « No. 1 (type). No. 2 (cotype). Length of carapace... . 18 mm. 20 mm. Potal length... es..2.-. 37 42 Do. in per cent. of cara- EE) “Boovogoohaee 205 210 Breadth in do......... 74 70 Distance from cervical to posterior edge of carapace in do..... 46 46 Median ridge-formula of no. 1 : Lateral edge-spines : No. 1: 8+8+14, no. 2: 84+3+49 Bate gives the total length as “38 mm. (1°35 in.) and “47 mm. (1°75 in.) ” respectively, and states that the dorsal surface is unarmed save for the two rostral teeth and the two single spines between these and the cervical sulcus. As will be seen from the above formulas, the median ridge is in both specimens armed in a way similar to P. debilis, Smith, and P. armatus, Bouvier, and between the more prominent spines the ridge is all along armed with a double row of small tubercles (designated by a series of :::::: in the formule above). Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 15 226 On the ‘ Challenger’ Eryonidea. Otherwise there are a number of well-marked differences between the two specimens. The “fur” on the carapace is much denser in the cotype, which also carries a definite row of spines along the branchial ridge, wanting in the type. The greatest difference is, however, found in the outline of the front, the type resembling to acertain degree the figure given by Bate (xv. 5, 2). But in the cotype the orbits are wide and open in comparison to the narrow notches found in the type. ‘They are angular and embrace an angle of about 90 degrees. The distance between the intra-orbital spine and the antero-lateral is about equal to the distance between the two intra-orbital spines. In the type the last-named distance is by much the greater. On the whole, I think it scarcely justified to refer both specimens to one species; the cotype ought to be made the type of a separate species, for which I take the liberty to propose the name Polycheles chilensis, sp. u. Pentacheles euthrix, Willemoes-Suhm. Polycheles euthrix, de Man, J. c. Four specimens are mentioned in Bate’s text. Only two are preserved to this day, one from Stat. 170 and one from Stat. 173. They agree quite well also in matter of median ridge-armature, which, however, is wrongly represented both in the text and in the figures. It may be given thus :— 92 mand etek eet CO 2t ee rece ee ee re eee ere 2 @ © 16 le ce (e he_te.ce iv je 19,00) @) eke) te) 1e jane The lateral edge is armed with 9+4+413 spines. The gastral area carries only one spine, and there are no spines on the branchial region. Polycheles baccata, Bate. The six specimens, all taken at Stat. 173, were of the following sizes :— No Total length Length of cara- Length in °/, of in mm. pace in mm. carapace. Sos ales 68 29 235 Male. oe 50 22 227 - 3... 43 19 227 ae Ake 72 30 240 Female. 5.. 41 18 227 ¥ Gn 4] 18 227 ” Dr. F. E. Beddard on the Genus Trichodrilus. 227 XXVITI.—On the Genus Vrichodrilus, and on a British Species of the Genus. By Frank E. Bepparp, D.Sc., F.R.S. THROUGH the kindness of Sir 8. F. Harmer, K.B.E., F.R.S., I received in the middle of March a number of specimens of an Oligocheetous Annelid in a living and quite active con- dition. ‘These were sent to Sir S. F. Harmer by Mr. Charles Candler ; and that gentleman lad received them from the Rev. B. Barton, in a well in whose garden they occurred “in enormous numbers.” The locality whence they were obtained is Pulham St. Mary, Norfolk. The general aspect of these worms was that of a Tub'ficid, and they showed the same habit of collecting together into balls, from the mass of which the tails of the individual worms protruded and waved in the surrounding water. A more careful examination, however, shdwed that the species was not a Tubificid, but a Lumbriculid. Having ascertained this much, it appeared to me that I should probably find them to be identical with another Lumbriculid, found also in a well and in a neighbouring county, and also forwarded to me by Sir Sidney Harmer in the year 1908 *. This latter worm was found in a well on the property of a gentleman resident near Cambridge. I was able to give some account of it in a communication addressed to the Zoological Society of London, referred to below, and to show that this worm from Cambridge was undoubtedly a close ally of the species Phreatothrix pragensis, described a good many years ago by Prof. Vejdovsky from a well in the city of Prague. It appeared to me, however, that the species from Cambridge should be assigned to anew species, and this conclusion is accepted by Mr. Southern f. There is no doubt, however, that the examples from Pulham are not referable to the genus Fhreatothrix sensu stricto (I reserve for the present a consideration of the definition of the two genera concerned), but are clearly to be placed in the at least nearly allied genus T’richodrilus. This will be apparent in the ensuing description, which is based upon an examina- * “A Note on the Occurrence of a Species of Phreatothriv (Vejdovsky) in England, and on some Points in its Structure,” P. Z. 8. 1908, p. 365. ¥ “ Ueber Phreatothriz, eine neue Gattung der Limicolen (Hin Beitrag zur Briinnenfauna von Prag),” Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. Bd. xxvii. 1876, . 641. { “Contributions towards a Monograph of the British and Irish Oligocheeta,” Proc, R, Irish Acad. vol. xxvii. sect. B, no. 8, 1909, p. 119. Ms 228 =Dr. F. BE. Beddard on the Genus Trichodrilus. tion of the living worms, as well as upon sections through the body of preserved individuals. When living this species of Trichodrilus was remarkable for its very active movements if touched. It is a slender worm of rather under an inch to perhaps an inch and a half in length, perhaps even longer. Its diameter is only half a millimetre. The red blood-vessels are conspicuous, but the thick covering of chloragogen cells upon the intestine renders it difficult to study in the living condition under low powers of the microscope. Certain characters can, however, be ascertained by such an examination. The colour, when the worm is seen in reflected light, is a golden yellow, from which the bright red main trunks of the vascular system stand out. Claparéde mentions yellow as the colour of the only species of the genus described by him*, viz. Trichodrilus allobrogum. I do not think that this colour is due to pigmént, but rather to a reflection of the effect of the chloragogen covering of the intestine. In any case it is very conspicuous, but disappears when the worm is viewed under the microscope with transmitted light. The prostomium is long, rather more than twice the length of the first segment of the body; it is bluntly pointed. It agrees fairly well with the figure given by Claparédef. I did not find any tactile processes standing out from the surface of the prostomium, such as occur in Phreatothriz and are referred to by Vejdovsky and myself; but it may be that these processes had disappeared or been withdrawn when the worms had been for some time in a dish and were, perhaps, commencing to die. The sete are strictly paired, slender and delicate, with simply pointed free extremity—in fact, precisely like those of the individuals examined by Claparéde. It was very rarely that I observed “ soies de remplacement.” I could detect no differences in character or size between dorsal and ventral setee or between those of different segments. Vascular System.—So far there is no reason to believe that the specimens of Trichodrilus sent to me from Norfolk differ from Claparéde’s species, J’. al/obrogum, found in Switzerland. But an inspection of the trunks of the vascular system does show differences, and those of some importance. Claparéde figures branches of the dorsal vessel, of which there are five or, occasionally, six in the posterior segments of the body. * « Recherches Anatomiques sur les Oligochétes,” Mem. Soc. Phys. et Hist. Nat. Genéve, t. xvi. pt. 2 (1862). + Loe. cit. pl. ui. fig. 15. Dr. F. E. Beddard on the Genus Trichodrilus. 229 These vessels, he states, join the dorsal vessel with the ventral. Vejdovsky doubts the continuity of these transverse vessels with the ventral vessel, and regards them as probably ending blindly like the contractile appendages of Lumbriculus and many other Lumbriculids. I could myself see nothing of the kind in the live specimens examined by myself. It is true that the chloragogen layer upon the dorsal vessel and the gut is thick and opaque; but at least during the systole and diastole of the dorsal vessel the inflow of the blood into that vessel must have been visible were such vessels present. On the other hand, I was able to note the generally diffused red colour of the wall of the intestine, which is doubtless to be regarded as the expression of a blood-sinus round the gut. This is to be contrasted with the network of non-contractile capillaries which I found upon the wall of the gut in Phrea- tothrix cantabrigiensis, in which species also the blind appendages of the dorsal vessel were not to be seen. These species, however, are not unique among the Lumbriculide, by reason of the absence of these undoubtedly highly charac- teristic vascular appendages. Were they so, I should have asserted their absence in the worms just mentioned with greater hesitation. In Claparedilla asiatica *, a genus later transferred to the older genus Bythonomus of Grube by the same author J, Michaelsen has gone at some length into the proof of the absence of cecal vascular appendages of the dorsal blood- vessel, and has convinced himself that they are actually absent. With less certainty, perhaps, Michaelsen has alsa come to the conclusion that while some species of his genus Lamprodrilus have these appendages others have them not f. That I myself was not able to detect them in transverse or longitudinal sections of preserved examples of Trichodrilus would of itself be dangerous evidence perhaps; I dwell rather upon their invisibility in the living worm with con- tracting dorsal vessel. I have not myself examined these vessels in any Lumbriculid, where they undoubtedly occur, by the section method§. But Michaelsen records a good many such observations, and is thus able to speak more positively upon their absence in others. In both Stylodrilus and Sty/oscolez there is a similar absence of blind appendages. * “Oligocheten der zoologischen Museen zu St. Petersburg und Kiew,” Bull. Ac. Imp. Sciences St. Petersh. (5) xv. 1901, p. 181. + ‘Die Oligocheten des Baikal-Sees,” in Wiss. Ergebn. Zool. Exp. Baikal-See, Kiew und Berlin, 1905. } Lird, p. 49 for L. pygmeus and p. 51 for L. isoporus Ke. § Except in Sutroa (Trans. R. Soc. Ed. 1892, p. 195); but have no note on the subject to refer to. 230 3=©6odDr. F. E. Beddard on the Genus Trichodrilus. The vephridia of Trichodrilus allobrogum are described by Claparéde; but my own observations upon this British species do not agree in many particulars with his. I rely entirely, as to this part of the anatomy of the worm, upon longitudinal sections ; I was unable to make any trustworthy observations upon the living worm by reason of its opacity. Claparéde remarks—and I am in agreement with him— that the nephridia are absent in the first six segments of the worm. He found these organs in the vith and vitith seg- meuts, but asserted their absence thereafter until the xrrth, where they again begin, and continue in following segments. There is, I think, no doubt about the fact that, as in Phreato- thrix, according to both Vejdovsky * and myself, the pairs of nephridia are not necessarily limited to one segment. In the present species the first pair lie in VI1., but extend also through VIII., 1X., and a part of segment x. This was very plain in my sections, and the continuance of the tube through the septa quite clearly to be made out. I did not see the funnel, which no doubt lies in segment vi., but I found the duct leading to the external pore upon segment vil. In segment XI. I could find no nephridia at all ; but in segment xu. and the following these organs were again present. I am not certain whether the difference between the species described by myself here and that of Claparéde, as is to be inferred from his deserip'ion, is a real one; for recently Bretcher, in an account of Bicheta sanguineat, which species Piguet considers to be referable to the genus Trichodrilus §, has mentioned that the nephridium of segment VII. traverses also segment Vil. Nor can it be considered that the exten- sion of this nephridium settles the identity of the genera Trichodrilus and Phreatothrix (which Michaelsen would join) on account of the conditions observable in other genera of the family. In Stylodrilus vejdovskyt Benham | describes the first pair of nephridia as extending through segments VIH.—X. in pre- cisely the same way as has been referred to above, In Lumbriculus variegatus Mrazek {| found that a single * System, u. Morph. d. Oligoch. Taf. xi. fig. 18. + Proc. Zool. Soc. tom. ert. { “Siid-schweitzerische Oligocheten,” Rev. Suisse Zool. viii. 1900, . 444, § “ Notes sur les Oligochétes,” Rey. Suisse Zool. xxi. 1918, p. 141. | “Notes on some Aquatic Oligocheta,” Quart. J. Micr. Sci. (n. s.) xxxiii. p. 211. ; ¢ “Beitrige zur Naturgeschichte von Lumbriculus,” SB. k. Bohm. (ses. 1913. Dr. F. E. Beddard on the Genus Trichodrilus, 231 nephridium may also occupy three segments, but considers that he is here recording an abnormality*. Furthermore, both Vejdovsky and Benham find in the genera Phreatothri« and Stylodrilus a similar state of affairs in the second pair of nephridia which traverse segments XIII.—XV. or ( Phreatothria) XIv.-xx1. I am not quite certain how far I can agree with those authors from my examination of my species of T?richo- drilus. The nephridial tubules in segments x11. &c. un- doubtedly come into very close contact at the intersegmental septa; but I should not like to allege positively that they form part of one nephridium extending through these segments. In Vejdovsky’s figure of the two first nephridia of Phreato- thrix T the complex nephridia, if they are really formed by fusion of the pairs belonging to the several segments through which they pass, are represented as very simple in character ; they consist of simply two tubes running side by side. This simplicity is also to be seen in Stylodrilus. In my species, on the other hand, the coils of the nephridium are much more numerous, and a considerable thickness of nephridial “ tissue ”’ is thus to be seen in each segment. I take it that there is here a resemblance to Teleuscolex korotnewi as seen by Michaelsen tf. As to the reproductive organs, none of the specimens appeared to be fully mature § when examined with a hand- lens. The clitellum could not be detected, and the only. external sign of maturity was the whitish appearance of the two or three segments in a region just posterior to the male pores, and which seems to be due to ripe ova. I therefore did not preserve many examples for the elucidation of these organs, but studied them in the living condition for the sake of other organs, after which they were not in a very fit state for fixing and hardening. Fortunately, however, I kept three examples, in all of which the sexual organs were quite well developed, and, indeed, tending perhaps towards degenera- tion ; for while the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth sey- ments contained a few ripe ova and the sperm-sacs were obvious, the funnels of the sperm-ducts were, perhaps, rather * Claparéde had already mentioned this fact in a worm erroneously sup- posed to be Lumbriculus variegatus of Grube in his account of that worm (in Mém, Phys. Genéve, ¢.c.). The genus, however, to which Claparéde’s observations referred is now named Claparedilla (to be merged in Bytho- nomus?). + Syst. u. Morph, Olig. Taf. xi. fig. 18. } Bull. Ac. Imp. Sci. St. Petersb. 1901, p. 169. § According to Ditlevsen (referred to later) Triehodrilus allobrogum is fully maturein July. This difference of season may be a valid distinction from the present species. 232 Dr. F. BH. Beddard on the Genus Trichodrilus. reduced in size, though still plain enough for the purposes of identification as such, The numbers and position of the spermathecz were those of Trichodrilus as opposed to Phreatothrix, for there were two distinct pairs of the spermathece of quite equal size in segments XI., XII., instead of two spermathecz only—those of the anterior pair,—together with a smaller pair belonging to posterior set. But it will be remembered that in my species Phreatothrix cantabrigiensis there was no trace of the second (posterior) pair. Doubtless this is not a strong reason for separating the two supposed genera; but it is a reason, among others, for proving the difference between the two subterranean worms of East Anglia, which would certainly have been expected to be of the same species. The spermathece, like those of other Lumbrieulids, consist of a thin-walled sac and a thicker-walled duct. The sac has a lining composed of a single layer of cells. This is covered by a delicate peritoneal layer also one cell thick. I could deteet no muscle-fibres between the two layers. The general form of the sac is oval, but varies a little. There is nothing in any way remarkable about their form. Spermatozoa, not aggregated into bundles, were to be seen lying loosely but closely in the sacs. The ducts of the organs are very narrow and fully one-third of the length of the sac or rather more, and either straight or twisted in their course to the exterior. The muscular wall of circular fibres is relatively thick. The openings are posterior in the eleventh and twelfth segments on a level with, and occupying a similar position to, the atria} pores, or very nearly so. There are two pairs of testes in segments IX., X., close to the nerve-cord. ‘They are flattened dorso-ventrally and not very wide. They extend through perhaps a length of half the segment. The ovaries correspond exactly in position to the testes and lie in segment XI. They are, however, different in shape, being pear-shaped and much larger. T have found sperm-sacs in one or other of the two specimens which [ have investigated by longitudinal sections in segments X.-XIII. inclusive. There are also sperm-saes in segment vill., and, like those of Aurantina aurantiaca *, are attached to the wall dividing vi1I./IX., and depend into segment VIII. The egq-sacs are in segments XIII., XIV., XV., XVI. * Pierantoni, ‘‘ Oligocheti del Fiume Sarno,” Archiy. Zoolog. Napoli, 1905, vol. ii. fase, 2, p. 282, tay. xiv. figs. 4, 6, ssp. Dr. F. E. Beddard on the Genus Trichodrilus. 233 Whether they extend further than this Ido not know. They contained large ripe ova with the usual abundant yolk. The sperm-ducts are in segments IX., X., XI., and open on each side by the atrium on to the tenth segment. ‘he funnels are in the ninth segment and the tenth, and are much as figured and described by Claparéde in this, and, by him and others, in other Lumbriculids allied to Zrichodrilus. The funnels were, as is usual, conspicuous owing to the bundle of spermatozoa caught up by the ciliated mouth of each. ‘The main part of the posterior pair of sperm-ducts forms a coil in the eleventh segment close to the anterior wall of that segment. I did not observe the actual openings of the sperm-ducts into the atrium with absolute certainty. The funnels, instead of being flattened over the septum and plate-shaped, are cup- shaped, as Hesse (quoted below) figures in Lumbriculus *. The atrium is generally as recorded by Claparéde ft. It is noteworthy for the very thick circular muscle-layer figured by that author, and subsequently by Ditlevsen $ and Piguet §. Its duct to the exterior is narrow and projects as a penis into an ingrowth of the epidermis, forming a small circular cavity. This is not indicated by Claparéde. As I point out later, the characters of the atrium may distinguish this genus from Phreatothrix. Hesse||, and, later, Mrazek have given figures of the atrium ot Lumbriculus, and the first-named has compared it with that of Claparedilla, Rhynchelmis, Stylo- drilus, and Trichodrilus, remarking that these forms have always glandular cells outside of the atrium, but never muscle-layers as in Lumbriculus. This in spite of Claparéde’s figure reterred to by him. However, Hesse appears to be correct in his statements of the other genera mentioned in his list, admittedly taken from the writings of others **. It * Or perhaps they would be better described as funnel-shaped. Miss Dixon (Tubifex, Livy. Mar. Biol. Comm. Memoirs, xxiii., London, 1915) remarks (p. 58, cf. pl. iv. figs. 17, 18) that the funnels of Tudifer are cup-shaped in the more immature worm, and more expanded later. t Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, ¢. ¢. pl. iii. fig. 6. Claparéde does not indicate the lining epithelium of the atrium. J “Studien an Oligochaten,” Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. Bd. lxxvii. 1904, p. 441, Taf. xvii. fig. 49. § Rev. Zool. Suisse, ¢. c. woodcut, p. 141. | “Die Geschlechtsorgane von Lumbriculus variegatus, Grube,” Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. Bd. lviii. 1894, p. 355 (also published as Bd. i. no. 1 of ‘Tubinger Zoologische Arbeiten’). 4] ‘“‘ Die Geschlechtsverhiiltnisse und die Geschlechtsorgane von Lum- briculus variegatus, Gr.,” Zool. Jahrb. Bd. xxxiii. 1906, p. 881. ** More lately Michaelsen has figured (Bull. Ac. St. Pétersb., Sept. 1901, pl. xi. fig. 19) a circular muscle-layer in Rhynchelmis brachycephala. 934 Dr. F. E. Beddard on the Genus Trichodrilus. would appear, therefore, that the presence of a muscular layer is of some systematic importance in 7’richodrilus. There is, however, undoubtedly, in the latter at least, no such thick layer of longitudinal fibres as Hesse has figured * in Lum- briculus. I have been unable to see any longitudinal layer at all, nor is it shown in Ditlevsen’s figure; but if there be one present, it can hardly consist of more than a single layer of fibres. The figures of Hesse are borne out by those of Mrazek fT. The oviducts were not seen by Claparéde, who located them as probably lying in segment IxX., by reason of the fact that this segment contained (as he thought) no nephridium, its place, on the older theory of the correspondence between nephridia and gonad ducts, being taken by the oviduct. As a matter of fact, the ninth segment in the species described here does contain a part of the anterior complex nephridium. The oviduct, as might be expected, opens into segment XI., and opens on to the exterior between this segment and the following one. Its outline is not that of a funnel with a very short stalk, as this organ is apt to be depicted ; in longitudinal section it has the outline of a lyre, the edges above being recurved and the cavity widest some way below this edge, which is the actual funnel. The duct narrows. The above account of this worm may be summed up as follows:—Length 25 mm. and upwards ; diameter ‘5 mm. or less. A thin, slender, and active worm. Prostomium conical, with no special tentacle-like prolongation at apex, in length rather greater than breadth of first segment. Colour golden-yellow. Sete: slender and simply pointed; closely paired, rarely with reserve sete. No vascular appendages of dorsal vessel; intestine surrounded by sinus, and not network of blood-vessels. Chloragogen layer of intestine begins in VI. First pair of nephridia lie in segments VII.—X. inclusive, open on to VII. with funnel in VI.; no nephridia in XI, but occur in XII. and onwards. Nephridia forming coils several tubules wide. TestesinIx.,X.; funnels of vasa deferentia in Ix. and x.; atrium with thick muscular walls of circularly running fibres, lined by anepithelium of small cells and covered by large pear-shaped cells externally; narrows into a muscular duct which projects into external depression at orifice on X. Sperm- sacs in VIII.—-XU., those of first pair rising from septum VIII./TX., and thus directed forwards. Ovaries in xt. Oviducts with long dilated tube opening on to x1./xi1, Hgg-sacs from XII. or XIV. to third segment or more (?) from this. * Loe. cit. Taf. xxii. fig. 4. . + Loe. cit., several woodcuts on pp. 481, 482, 483, 435, &e. Dr. F. E. Beddard on the Genus Trichodrilus. 235 I term this species, if it be accepted as undescribed, Tiicho- drilus icenorum, after the plan of nomenclature initiated for the genus by Claparéle. To determine whether this subterranean species is or is not identical with Trichodrilus allobrogum of Claparéde is very difficult on account of the incomplete description given by that naturalist. I do not find it possible to come to any con- clusions as to differences in the form of the spermatheca and atria in the two forms. It would seem, however, that the vascular and excretory systems do offer differential characters. I do not think that there is room for error in the quite diverse descriptions given above of the appendages of the dorsal vessel which were lacking in the examples of this Trichodrilus examined by myself, and are fully figured and described by Claparéde. Furthermore, that author is detailed in his account of the nephridia of the early segments of thie body, and his descriptions differ from what I have seen myself; the doubts, therefore, which I have expressed above may be unnecessary. The slender looping of the nephridia in the Swiss species seems also to be different from the closely packed and rather numerous coils which I found in the nephridia of the worm from Norfolk. There can be, as I think, no doubt that both Bretscher * and Piguet f are right in distinguishing Trichodrilus san- guineus as a species different from that of Claparéde. Nor can I identify it with the form described here by myself. The possession of only one pair of spermathece seems to bea sufficient mark of specific distinctness. Moreover, this form is a smaller one, measuring only up to 13 mm. as compared with 14-25 mm. This leads at once to the question of the identity or non-identity of the genera Trzchodrilus and Phreatothriz, for the main difference between the two genera, according to Vejdovsky f, is the presence of two pairs of spermathece in the former genus, while Phreatothrix has only one pair of these organs in the eleventh segment, the second pair disappearing at maturity. This latter statement does not, however, apply to the species which I found myself in water from a well at Cambridge. In this species§ there was but one pair of the organs, and no trace of the smaller pair of Phreatothrix pragensis. Vejdovsky is doubtless correct in noting a protrusible penis in Phreatothriz; but is it so clear * Rey. Suisse Zool. vol. viii. p. 444. + Loe. cit. vol. xxi. p. 141. { Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. ¢. c. § Proc. Zool. Soe. 4 c. 236 Dr. F. E. Beddard on the Genus Trichodrilus. that he is right in denying one to Trichodrilus? It is true that Claparéde, as Vejdovsky says, neither mentions nor figures such ; but, though present and obviously protrusible in my Trichodrilus icenorum, it is not vexy conspicuous, and would probably be overlooked in examples studied without the aid of microscopic sections. My species, in addition to the penis, has two pairs of spermathecee, and thus would be intermediate between the two genera. A possible difference is not referred to by Vejdovsky, and that is the thick muscular walls of the atrium figured by Claparéde and the much thinner atrial walls figured by himself in Phreatothriz. T have no notes as to the state of affairs in Phreatothriz cantabrigiensis, but I have already referred to this matter above, and may here point out that Piguet * figures such an atrium in Trichodrilus sanguineus, which, on account of its single pair of spermathecee “should be” a Phreatothriz. I am disposed to follow Michaelsen in fusing these two genera. Note on a possibly second British Species of Trichodrilus. A third example of Trichodrilus, which I examined by longitudinal sections, was not put aside by me as a probably second species of the genus; but on microscopical study it shows certain differences from those upon which the above account of Trichodrilus icenorum was mainly based. As I am unable to give more than an account of the repro- ductive system, I hesitate—for reasons which will be explained —to refer it definitely to a second species, and therefore do not give it a name. Inasmuch as this worm has two pairs of testes in IX., x., one pair of ovaries in XI., sperm-duct funnels in Ix., X. opening into an atrium which itself opens on to the exterior in segment X., an oviduct funnel in XI. opening on to the segmental border-line X1./xII., two pairs of spermathecz lying in X1., XII., and, finally, that it was found with others showing.exactly the same characters and described above, it would seem impossible to create for it a new species. Nevertheless, the atrium and sperm-ducts show marked differences from those of the type-specimens of Zrichodrilus deenorum, which are as follows :—The atrium consists, as in the others, of a nearly spherical sac communicating with the exterior by a much narrower duct. It has a wall, which is, however, very much thinner than that of the others, though it is composed of precisely the same layers. It is lined by * Rey. Zool, Suisse, @. c. Dr. F. E. Beddard on the Genus Trichodrilus. 237 a layer of cells, around which are disposed muscular fibres running in a circular direction; the outer layer is again cellular. But the characters of these layers are totally different—at any rate, of the outermost and innermost. The middle muscular layer is simply much thinner. That there is an outer layer at all is not obvious at first sight; the pear- shaped cells, closely pressed together, of the typical Zricho- drilus (as shown in the figures of Claparéde and Ditlevsen and in my own sections) are replaced by a scanty layer of cells, whose nuclei are visible, but at some distance from each other. The cells are clearly flattened and few. So, too, with the lining epithelium of the atrium. The general aspect in fact of this organ is that of the “normal” atrium greatly dilated, and its various layers therefore flattened through pressure and extension. ‘This may, of course, be the actual fact ; but in the first place the difference of diameter may be slightly, but is not greatly, in excess of that of the examples reported upon above, and the sac is not gorged with sperm, which might have been the cause of its dilation. The sperm may, however, have escaped to the exterior or to another individual. A nearly exactly similar difference in two indi- viduals of Lumbriculus is figured by Mrazek *. Be this as it may, the condition of the sperin-ducts show another kind of difference from those of the typical Tricho- drilus icenorum. They were particularly easy to study on account of their large size, which was not the case with those of the other examples of the genus which I have described in the present communication. The great increase of size was particularly marked in the case of the anterior pair, in the middle of the course of which the diameter of the duct was dilated to a width not very far from that of the atrial cavity. A long piece of the sperm- duct was thus inereased. This increase of size of the sperm-ducts and of the cavity of the atrium has brought it about that the entry of the former into the latter is quite clear. They enter at opposite sides—anterior and posterior—and at about the middle of the atrium. It is not a question here of the dilation of the sperm-ducts owing to pressure—at any rate, pressure which has thinned and flattened out the walls. For the cellular walls of the sperm-duct (surrounded, of course, by a flattened peritoneal layer) are actually thicker than is the case with the sperm-ducts of the individuals described above. I have noted, indeed, that in some regions the whole sperm-duct of * Zool. Jahrb. xxiii. 1906, fig. F, p. 430, and fig. M, p. 440. 238 Dr. F. E. Beddard on the Genus Trichodrilus. the typical individuals was not wider than one cellular wall of the sperm-duct of the individual now under consideration. This fact alone does not render impossible the view that the difference shown in the individuals is really due to distention ; for if the sperm-duct lumen is intercellular, it would mean simply a pushing out of the cells by their inclosed contents, and no necessary alteration in the epithelium itself. The case obviously becomes different, however, if the sperm-duct has an intracellular lumen. In the present specimen there would seem to be every probability that for some distance after the funnel the lumen is intercellular, since the nuclei in the walls of the ducts are fairly closely arranged in the walls of the tube side by side. But later on this is not the case, and I have observed transverse sections of a piece of tube with but one nucleus therein, and pieces of longitudinal section with very few nuclei. ‘This means at least fewer and larger ceils to the wall, if it does not prove an intracellular duct. In this region it is to be noted that there is no perceptible dilation of the tube, which is therefore really larger than in the specimen described above. I may take this opportunity of observing that the distinction between an intracellular and an intercellular duct is not perhaps of great importance; but it is, after all, an anatomical difference between the nephridia of the Oligocheta and the sperm-ducts of the great majority of those worms. It is thus worth pointing out in the present instance as a character of the genus Trichodrilus, for the observations which I have made upon the example which I now refer to are confirmed by a re-examination of the other specimens of the genus dealt with in the present paper. Undoubtedly intracellular sperm-ducts only occur among the “ Limicoline” Oligocheta, and are not commonly met with. Benham * has given ample reasons for thinking that the sperm-ducts in his Phreoryctes heterogyne are of such a character. More to the immediate point are Mrazek’s figures of Lumbriculus t where the atrial * “On a new Species of the Genus Haplotaris, with some Remarks on the Genital Ducts in the Oligocheta,’ Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. (n. s.) xlviii. 1904, p. 304. + Zool. Jahrb. ¢.c. p. 435, figs. J1, J2. See especially the latter figure for the atrial part of the sperm-duct. In Tubifex, according to Miss Dixon (Joc. cit. pl. iv. figs. 18 A, 19 A, B), the sperm-duct also seems to become intracellular. But Gatenby (Quart. J. Micr. Sci. (n. 8.) 1xi. p- 320 &c.) describes and figures the duct (pl. xxiv. fig. 17 E) as inter- cellular. On new Mammals from Northern Rhodesia. 239 end of the sperm-duct seems to be represented in his figures as with an intracellular duct, while the region immediately succeeding the sperm-duct funnel would appear to possess an undoubtedly intercellular duct. This condition, it is to be noted, is precisely that of Zrichodrilus. Although, on the above analysis, it would seem that the differences between the two sets of individuals does not affect characters of importance, it is clear to anyone examining the actual structures concerned that a line can easily be drawn between them. Such as it is, I have attempted to put the difference into words. A glance, however, at the sections themselves renders impossible any confusion between the two varieties ; I may remark, without further detail, that this also applies to the spermathece. I cannot, however, find other reasons for dividing the British Trichodrilus into two species ; nor, on the other hand, am I in a position to assert that such do not exist. It is just possible, but not likely, that the last-described specimen was not so carefully examined by me when alive ; it may therefore possess, for instance, the vascular appendages of the dorsal vessel which I found wanting in all the examples which I did examine. Nor can I see any reason for explaining the differences in the sperm- duct as positively due to distention, or to immaturity or degeneration. But the fact that a similar variation occurs in the atrium of Lumbriculus, so nearly allied a genus, makes me unwilling to Jay undue stress upon the varying sperm- duct of the present species, although I cannot recollect an analogous case*. I prefer—at any rate, for the present—to leave the matter of the specific identity or non-identity of the series of examples described here as uncertain. XXIX.— Three new Mammals from Northern Rhodesia. By Martin A. C. HINTON. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) THAT famous collector Captain Guy C. Shortridge was attached for some considerable time to the air-station at N’dola, in Northern Rhodesia. As was to be expected, he made very good use of his opportunity, and his large collection of mammals has now arrived in the Museum. A * At any rate, a strictly analogous case. It will be recollected that in Sutroa (Beddard, Tr. Roy. Soc. Edinb. ¢.c.) one of the two pairs of sperm-ducts has a distinctly less calibre than the second, 240 Mr. M. A. C. Hinton on full account of this collection will be published later, but meanwhile it is deemed advisable to publish descriptions of the following three new species :— Mimetillus thomasi, sp. n. Type.—An adult female, collected at N’dola on Ost. 4, 1919 ; original number 481. This interesting bat, represented by a single specimen, is distinguished from its West-African relative, M/. moloneyt, chiefly by its larger size, duller colour, and still flatter skull. General outward appearance and all the essential characters of the genus as in moloneyt. Size larger, the forearm mea- suring 31 instead of 27-29 mm. Third digit of wing relatively a little longer, its total length equalling 165 °/, (instead of 146-159 °/,) of the length of the forearm. Fur on back slightly longer. General colour, above and below, dark brown, deepening almost to black on head, dull, lacking both the gloss and the deep chestnut tinge seen in moloneyt, Skull considerably larger (condyle to canine 14:1, instead of 13 mm.), with the characteristic depression and flattening of the brain-case even more pronounced than in moloneyi ; interorbital region relatively broader. Dentition without especial peculiarities. External measurements (taken in flesh by collector).—Head and body 56 mm.; tail 38; hind foot 7:5; ear 13. Measurements of wing (made on skin).—Forearm 31; third digit, total length 51, its metacarpal and phalanges 1 and 2 being respectively 32:5, 9, and 9°5; fifth digit 36, its metacarpal 29:5. Revilliod’s index of width 49. Skull.— Extreme length 14'6 ; condyle to canine 14:1; canine to m? 5:2; width of brain-case in mastoid region 9°5; median occipital depth 4°7 ; interorbital breadth 6°3; breadth across preorbital swellings 8; width across outer borders of m°-m’* 7°8. Mimetillus moloneyi was originally described from Lagos by Mr. Thomas. Many specimens were collected subse- quently in Fernando Po; and we have lately received an example from Sierra Leone, collected by Mr. Willoughby P. Lowe. Hitherto no representative of the genus has been found inland or away from the West-African coast. Captain Shortridge’s discovery in Rhodesia is therefore of considerable interest. I have great pleasure in naming the second species of this genus in honour of Mr. Oldfield Thomas, to whom I am indebted in so many ways. Kerivoula lucia, sp. n. Type—An adult male collected at N’dola on Sept. 26, 1919; original number 472. No other specimen seen. new Mammals from Northern Ihodesia. 241 This species closely resembles A. lanosa in general appear- ance, but it is distinguished by its rather smaller size, smaller and less hairy ears, greyer colour, and by some characters of the skull. Size small, forearm 30°5 mm. Fur on body and top of head very long, dense, and woolly, closely resembling that of lunosa in quality. Cheeks in front of ears nearly naked. Ears very sparingly haired on outer surface, nearly naked within. Forearm, thumb, and outer edge of dorsal surface of wing clothed with tufts of hair ; upper surface of tibia, hind foot, and tail similarly clothed. ‘Tuterfemoral membrane with tufts of hair along the veins on dorsal surface, similar but smaller tufts of hair on ventral surface ; with a well- developed posterior fringe. ars smaller than in danosa, with a somewhat deeper, though narrower, lateral emargination towards the tip; tragus normal. General colour of back between “sepia” and “ dusky drab,” passing to a light grey on top of head and muzzle. Dorsal hairs with slaty bases, mostly with long yellowish- brown tips; in many the tips are silvery, and these silver tips produce a quite conspicuous “lining” on the back and rump. Under surface silvery grey, darkened irregularly by the partly visible slaty bases of the hairs. Hairs on forearm, wings, legs, tail, and the upper surface of the interfemoral membrane yellowish ; those on the ventral surface of the membrane are silver. Skull about as large as that of A. lanosa, from which it is distinguished by its relatively narrower brain-case, more boldly convex frontal region, narrower rostrum, and more nearly parallel tooth-rows, the width between the outer borders of the last molars markedly less in proportion to the width across the canines. Dentition not essentially different. Outer upper incisor about three-fourths the height of inner incisor, rather stouter than the latter in cross-section, and with a well- developed internal basal cusp. Inner incisor with a posterior secondary cusp, the summit of which is a little less lofty than the outer incisor. Middle upper premolar smaller in cross- section than the anterior premolar. Collector’s measurements (taken on the flesh).—Head and body 39 mm. ; tail 40; hind foot 6; ear 12. Wing-measurements (from skin).—Forearm 30°5; third digit, total length 66, its metacarpal and phalanges 1 and 2 being respectively 32, 16, “and 18; fifth digit 46°5, the metacarpal and phalanges being 30°5, 9, and 7°85. Skull measurements (those of 7.1.1. 538, a cotype of danosa, being added in parentheses for comparison).—Greatest length 15 (15-4); con- dyle to canine 11°5 (11'S); canine to m* 5:1 (5°2); width across canines Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol, vi. 16 242 On new Mammals from Northern Rhodesia. 3 (3:2) ; width across outer-borders of m—m* 5:1 (5:5); zygomatic breadth 7°7 (79); interorbital breadth 3 (8) ; width of brain-case 6°6 (7:1). This pretty little bat is named in honour of Miss Wilson, to whom I am indebted for much intelligent assistance. Zelotomys shortridget, sp. n. Type.—An adult female collected at N’dola on June 30, 1919; original number 336. Five other specimens (3, 47, 301, 392; 2,48, 248) examined. This is a pallid species, differing widely in colour from hildegardece and instans, the two species hitherto known, with a skull of somewhat intermediate form. Size about as in the other species. Fur as long as in hildegardee. General colour above near buffy brown, the middle line of back not specially darkened ; flanks lighter greyish or yellowish brown. Under surface dirty white, the ventral hairs usually with slaty bases ; but-in one specimen (248, old ¢) these hairs are white to the roots. General ventral colour extending to lower cheeks and upper lip, but, owing to the relatively pallid dorsal colour, these parts are not so conspicuously contrasted with the rest of the face as in hildegardee. Hands and feet dirty white. Tail almost naked, dirty white in colour; the short stiff hairs, which form its sparse clothing, pure white. Mamme 3—2=10, as in the other species. Skull agreeing in size and general form with those of the previously described species; as in hildegardee, the greatest zygomatic breadth is behind the level of m’, not in the centre of the arches as in zmstans. Bullee decidedly smaller than in either of the other species. Cheek-teeth and incisors as heavy and robust as in instans, but upper incisors are not thrown quite so much forwards. Collector’s measurements of type (and those of 9 248 in parentheses). —Head and body 134 (137) mm. ; tail 96 (105); hind foot 22 (22); ear 16 (16). The hind-foot measurement in females uniformly 22, but in the males (with head and body ranging between 120 and 127) it varies between 22°5 and 24°5. Skull of type and no. 248 (in parentheses).—Condylo-basal length 30°7 (82°6) ; condylo-incisive length 31 (32-7); dental length 17-2 (17°1); diastema 8'7 (92); cheek-teeth on crowns 5:6 (4°8, but worn to stumps) ; zygomatic breadth 18 (18-2) ; interorbital breadth 4°5 (4:8); breadth of brain-case at glenoid region 13:2 (18°38), This is a very well-marked species, which may be fittingly associated with the name of its discoverer, Capt. Guy C. Shortridge. On a new Tuco-tuco from Tucuman. 243 XXX.—A new Tuco-tuco from Tucuman. By OLDFIELD THOMAS. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) Cienomys occultus, sp. 0. A small species nearly allied to C. juris. Size rather less than in jurds. Colour rather a warmer tinge of brown, more as in C. bergi and latro; upper surface glossy cinnamon-brown with some vague darkening on the crown, but without a definite blackish forehead. Under surface broadly washed with pale drabby, the chin and throat stronger drabby ; some specimens are more whitish below, while among the examples of juris some are inclined to be drabby ; but on the average occuléus is decidedly more drabby, especially anteriorly, than juris. Skull agreeing with that of juris in its small bullee, proodont incisors, and the presence of a small sharp-edged ledge pro- jecting over the orbital fosse, the notch in front of these ledges shorter, sharper, and more abruptly cut out than in other species. Bulle slightly larger than those of jurvs, though agreeing essentially with them; in berg: and fochi they are decidedly larger than in either. Zygomata widely spaced, their middle region markedly more convex’ outwards than in juris. Palatal foramina with the small median ad- ditional foramen just in front of them much smaller and less conspicuous—indeed, hardly perceptible in some speci- mens. Paiation level with the middle of m?. Bulle averaging slightly larger than in juris, though agreeing essentially with them. Incisors rather proodont, index about 102°-104°, Molars smaller than those of C. juris. - Dimensions of the type :— Head and body 138 mm. ; tail 55 ; hind foot 26°5. Skull: median length 38°7 ; condylo-incisive length 37°8 ; zygomatic breadth 252 ; nasals 12°5 ; interorbital breadth 8°7 ; least breadth across brain-case 16°5; bi-meatal breadth 24 ; palatilar length 17:7. Upper tooth-series (crowns) 7:2; diagonal diameter of p* 3; breadth across outer crowns of 78. i Hab, Southern part of Tucuman Province. ‘Type and three other specimens from Monteagudo, about 80 km. S.E. of Tucuman City; one specimen fram La Madrid, 15 km. further in the same direction. 244 Dr. W. T. Calman on Pycnogonida Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 20. 7.6.8. Original number 5884. Collected 11th May, 1917, by L. M. Dinelli. Although undoubtedly very closely allied to C. juris of Jujuy, this tuco-tuco differs from it by so many little cha- racters that it seems to deserve a special name. ‘The rather larger but still allied species C. latro occurs between the two. XXXI.—On a Collection of Pycnogonida from the South Orkney Islands. By WoT. CALMAN, D.Sc. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) ‘HE Museum has recently received from Mr, A. G. Bennett a small collection of Pyenogonida dredged in shallow water at the South Orkney Islands. Among other specimens of interest it includes an example of the remarkable Decolopoda antarctica, hitherto known only by the single individual described fifteen years ago by Prof. Bouvier. Decolopoda antarctiea, Bouvier. Colossendeis antarctica, Bouvier, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, xi. 1905, p- 295. 4 Decalopoda antarctica, Bouvier, C. R. Acad. Sci. exlii. 1906, p. 17. Decolopoda antarctica, Bouvier, “ Pycnogonides du ‘ Frangais,’ ” Exped. Antarct. Frang. (1903-1905) 1906, p. 21, pl. i, pl. ii. figs. 1-5, text- figs. 1 & 2. Locality.—Scotia Bay, South Orkneys; one female. Remarks——The specimen hardly differs in size from Bouvier’s holotype (also a female), and, except as regards the palps, it agrees very closely with his description and figures. Bouvier states that the palps consist of eight segments, while those of J). australis consist of nine, excluding in both cases the basal prominence. In the present specimen the palp of the left side has eight segments and the terminal one is rounded at the tip and only a little more slender than the preceding. The right palp, however, has ten segments, and the terminal one is slender, curved, and claw-like. It may be assumed that this right palp is abnormal, possibly as a result of regeneration following injury ; but I know of no other case of abnormality in this group in which the number of segments is greater than the normal. The assumption of a claw-like form by the terminal segment may, perhaps, be regatded as a case of homeeosis, since, from the South Orkney Islands. 245 although no Pycnogonid has normally a claw on the palp, all the appendages posterior to it may end in claws. I am unable to perceive any difference between this species and D. australis in the form of the female genital openings (cf. Bouvier, Pyenog. ‘ Pourquoi Pas,’ 1913, p. 50). Palps of Decolopoda antarctica. A, left; B, right. Decolopoda antaretica was obtained by the ‘ Frangais’ at Port Charcot, Booth Wandel Island, in latitude 65° S. Its discovery at about 61° S., in a locality where D. australis was previously taken by the ‘ Scotia,’ shows that it is not, as Bouvier suggested, confined to higher latitudes than are reached by the last-named species. Measurements in millimetres,— Length of proboscis ...........2.0..--..+. 17-75 Greatest diameter of proboscis ............ 45 Length of trunk (including cephalon)........ 12°5 Width across second lateral processes ...... 13:0 Length of abdomen ............seeseeaees 70 Length of first segment of left chelophore.... 9°5 Diameter of ditto at distalend.............. 2°25 Fourth left leg— Coxe: (together)... .. ccs. cese cee eeoes 11:5 [Pei Ve EEE! AlN AP cae, Cae Ceo IS oe 25°5 Ebert tis Dia teeta oeee nants! s ot gyal see's ehetare. 27°5 SEONG CLOTAN ay taldetace 6 4cle ole sie slelelr's 33°25 UT SUS Eee age Steg Oe on bee EO Gaon 16°5 TG POOGR! Sanne ak. cue aid eg) sele'e owns} of 120) 38°4 (Gila 's, 2a 6 Steed Res ce ce eC Rene 9:9 246 On Pycnogonida from the South Orkney Islands. Colossendeis robusta, Hoek. Colossendeis robusta, Calman, “ Pycnogonida,” Brit. Antarct. (‘Terra Nova’) Exp., Zool. iii. no, 1, 1915, p. 24 (with references). Locality Scotia Bay, South Orkneys; one female. Remarks.—This specimen agrees closely with the male from the ‘ Terra Nova’ collection, which it slightly exceeds in size; but the spinules on the legs, although present, are smaller and apparently fewer. The femur and the second tibia are of equal length. Pentanymphon antarcticum, Hodgson. Pentanymphon antarecticum, Calman, “ Pycnogonida,” Brit. Antarct. (‘Terra Nova’) Exp., Zool. iii. no. 1, 1915, p. 27 (with references). Locality—Scotia Bay, South Orkneys ; two specimens. Remarks.—The ratio between the width of the cephalon anteriorly and that of the neck is about 2°8 in these specimens, which in this respect do not differ from those recorded from the Ross Sea. Nymphon oreadense (Hodgson). Chetonymphon orcadense, Hodgson, Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, xlvi. 1908, p. 173, pl. ii. figs. 2, 2a. Locality —S8. Orkneys. Dredge. 6 fms. April 1915. Wight specimens (one ovigerous). - Remarks.—Hodgson records an “enormous number of specimens” of this species from Scotia Bay, and some of these, presented to the Museum by Dr. W. 58. Bruce, show the closest agreement with Mr. Bennett’s specimens. Ammothea carolinensis, Leach. Ammothea carolinensis, Calman, Ann. & Mag, Nat. Hist. (8) xy. 1915, p. 310, figs. 1-8 (with synonymy); id, “ Pycnogonida,” Brit. Antarct. (‘ Terra Nova’) Exp., Zool. iii. no. 1, 1915, p. 51. Locality.—Scotia Bay, South Orkneys; one female, one immature. Remarks.—The female is of large size (proboscis 17°5 mm. long), and both specimens resemble very closely those already in the Museum from South Georgia which I have referred to A. carolinensis. Although the female is larger than the adult male of aT eae QUARTER-PAGE - 12 6 ee eee 10 0 ,, { Net. EIGHTH-PAGE - 8 O pee Ob A BOSS All applications for space to be made to paeeren Mr. H. A. COLLINS, 32 Birdhurst Road, Croydon. THE ANNALS MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. [NINTH SERIES. ] No. 33. SEPTEMBER 1920. 09) XXXII.—WNotes on various African and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus, Hr., with an Account of their accessory 3 -characters | Coleoptera]. By G. C. Cuampion, F.Z.S. {Continued from p. 201. } [Plate VIII.*] 25. Hapalochrus inchoatus, sp. n. d. Elongate, rather narrow, widened posteriorly, shining, clothed with rather long pallid hairs ; eyaneous or violaceous, rarely brassy or golden-green, the ‘elytra often green, the basal three or four joints. of the antenne wholly or in part, the anterior legs (the tarsi excepted), and the intermediate femora at the base beneath or entirely, testaceous, the rest of the antenne and legs black or metallic, the abdomen flavescent and nigro-maculate. Head sparsely punctulate, shining ; antenne long, rather stout, joints 2-10 almost equal in width, much longer than broad. Prothorax broader than long, sparsely punctulate laterally, smooth on the disc, Elytra densely, rugulosely, and not very coarsely punctate. Anterior trochanters toothed ; anterior femora (PI. VIII. fig, 22) with a small tooth at the base; anterior tibicze dilated and obliquely excavate beyond the middle ; anterior tarsal joint 2 prolonged over 3; intermediate femora ex- cavate at the base beneath; intermediate tibiz (Pl. VIII. fig, 22a) strongly incrassate, convex, subtriangular, excavate at the apex within, and furnished with a long, sinuous, * [The Plate will be published with the concluding part of the article. | Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. ds 250 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African curved appendage at the imner apical angle and a shorter ps beneath the outer angle. Var. 3. Anterior trochanters, simple; intermediate tibiz testaceous. [Congo da Lemba. | ?. Antenne very similar to those of ¢; legs black. Length 33-5, breadth 13-27; mm. (¢ 2.) Hab, W. Centra eae ‘Bele Congo: Amadi (P. van den Plas: g ¢ : types), Congo da Lemba (R. Mayné : 3 2: var.), Wombali (P. Vanderijst), Bambili (Dr. Rodhain), Nyangwe (R. Mayné), Beni-Lesse (Dr. Murtula), &e. ‘Described from a series of upwards of 100 examples, the sexes 1n about equal numbers, belonging to the Congo Museum. The form with dark intermediate tibize in ¢ is represented by more than 50 specimens from Amadi, and the one with these tibize red in ¢ by at least a dozen from Congo da Lemha. ), Described from eight specimens from Wombali, including =< and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. 259 two males, belonging to the Congo Museum. Very like HZ, longicornis, the g with the autennee less elongate and testaceous in their basal half, a longer tooth to the anterior trochanters, and more sharply angulate intermediate femora. H. kolbei, Bourg., from Kilimandjaro, &c., seems to be an allied larger form, with the anterior femora and tibize partly testaceous in the ¢, and the head densely rugose. 33. Hapalochrus semicupreus. do. Apalochrus semicupreus and var. moloensis, Pic, Mélanges exot.- entom. xxxl. p. 10 (Oct. 1919) (part.). 3. Moderately elongate, rather convex, shining, some- what thickly clothed with long, erect, fuscous hairs ; head, prothorax, and scutellum brilliant cupreous, golden, or golden- green, the elytra cyaueous, the antenne (the testaceous outer aud inner edges of joints 1-3 excepted), palpi, legs, and abdomen metallic or black. Head short, sparsely, some- what coarsely punctate; antenne long, rather slender, joints 2-9 elongate, subcylindrical. Prothorax convex, a little broader than long, abruptly, obliquely narrowed at the base ; sparsely, coarsely punctate, the punctures becoming more crowded towards the sides. Elytra about as broad as the prothorax at the base, gradually widened to beyond the middle and bluntly rounded at the apex, the lateral mar- gins prominent; coarsely, confluently, rugosely punctate. Anterior trochanters with ‘a long tooth; anterior tibie obliquely widened and dentate towards the tip within, the space between this and the apex diaphanous and deeply emarginate ; anterior tarsal joints | and 2 slightly thickened, subequal in length (when viewed in profile), 2 narrowly extended over 3; intermediate tibize greatly thickened, subtriangular, convex and rounded externally, excavate beneath, and with a short compressed lobe at the inner apical angle. 2. Antenne shorter and more slender; head and _ pro- thorax a little narrower ; elytra inflated, more rounded at the sides ; wings squamiform, extremely rudimentary. Length 4-42, breadth 2-24 mm. (¢ ?.) Hab. KH. Arrica (Mus. Brit., exe Gregory coll.: 1894: 2), Western foot of Aberdare, alt. 8000 ft., and W. slopes of Kenya, on Meru-Nyeri Road, alt. 6000-8500 ft. (S. A. Neave: i., iii, 1911), Elgon District (Dr. Bayer, in Mus. Congo Belge). The above description is taken from a long series, 5 9, captured by Dr. Neave in 1911. MRecognizable by the 256 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African brilliantly metallic golden, cupreous, or green, rather coarsely punctured head and prothorax, and the cyaneous, very rugose elytra, the ? almost apterous and having the elytra inflated as in the same sex of H. amplipennis, Harold. The rather coarsely punctured head and prothorax, the strongly toothed anterior trochanters and the longer second joint of the anterior tarsi of the ¢, &c., separate H. semi- cupreus from the last-named insect. The incomplete diagnosis of Pic (excluding his subsp. kenyensis and var. viridimetallicus) doubtless applies to the present species, the type of which was from ‘“ EH. Africa.” 34. Hapalochrus viridicollis, sp. n. 3. Moderately elongate, sparsely pubescent and fusco- hirsute; brilliant golden-green, the elytra cyaneous, the antennie, legs, and under surface black or metallic. Head and prothorax almost smooth, the latter broader than long, abruptly, simuously narrowed at the base; antennze rather long aud slender; elytra gradually widened posteriorly, rounded at the apex, densely, coarsely, confluently punctate ; anterior trochanters without tooth; anterior tibiz mode- rately dilated at the middle, deeply, obliquely excavate towards the apex within, and abruptly emarginate and diaphanous on its inner edge before the tip; anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 thickened, 2 (when viewed in profile) perceptibly prolonged over the base of 3; intermediate tibiz long, somewhat sinuate, greatly, subequally thickened from near the base to the apex, convex externally, and with a short compressed lobe at the inner apical angle. ?. Elytra rounded at the sides, convex; wings rudi- mentary. Length 4-44, breadth 2mm. (¢ 2.) Hab. E. Arnica, 8.E. slopes of Kenya [g] and Kikuyu Escarpment [ ? ], alt. 6000-7400 ft. (S. A. Neave: ii., iii. TOT One pair, precisely similar in colour and in their elytral sculpture. A species separable from the allied forms with subapterous females by the subequally incrassate, distinctly sinuate intermediate tibiz of the male, and the confluent, coarse sculpture of the elytra in the two sexes. The anterior trochanters of the g¢ want the tooth present in the same sex of H. semicupreus and H. triangularis (No. 61); and the anterior tibiz in this sex are not dilated into a tooth as in H., amplipennis (No. 65). The second anterior tarsal joint of the ¢ appears to be simple till the tarsus is viewed in profile. and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. SEI * 35. Hapalochrus platycerus, sp. n. 6. Elongate, narrow, bluish-green or cyaneous, the antennee black ; clothed with whitish pubescence intermixed with longer, semi-erect, soft hairs. Head nearly as wide as the prothorax, almost unimpressed, densely, rugosely, punc- tate; antenne moderately elongate, stout, joints 5-9 broadly, obliquely dilated, 7-9 twice as broad as long, 10 oblong. Prothorax convex, a little broader than Jong, rounded at the sides, obliquely narrowed behind, rugosely punctured late- rally, much smoother on the disc. Elytra long, widened posteriorly, rounded at the apex, densely, rugulosely punctate. Anterior femora thickened, bearing a small tuft of stiff hairs at the base ; anterior tibize stout, sinuous within, obliquely compressed and with a narrow diaphanous space on their inner aspect before the tip ; anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 stout, 1 longer than 2, 2 extending over 3; intermediate tibiae curved, convex externally, broadly, abruptly widened from near the base, strongly sinuate and excavate within, and with a rather broad, “compressed appendage near the inner apical angle and a narrow appendage below the outer angle. @. Antenne shorter, joints 5-9 much less dilated, 4-8 gradually widened. Length 6, breadth 2mm. (2 ?.) Hab. KE. Arrica, Lukanga in N. Rhodesia (H. C. Dollman: 24, iv. and 1. v. 1915). One pair. In this insect the antenne of the ¢ are greatly dilated (joints 6-9 being broadly lamellate) and the head is strongly rugose in both sexes. The ¢@ has the anterior tibie for aed as in H. clavicornis, and the inter- mediate tibiz broadly widened, sinuate and excavate within, and bearing a rather broad compressed appendage near the inner apical angle. 36. Hapalochrus rugosus, sp. 0. g. Moderately elongate, rather dull, the prothorax shining ; blue or bluish-green, the antenne, palpi, and legs black or metallic, the intermediate tibiz of ¢ testaceous at the apex within, the ventral sutures rufescent; thickly clothed with shag gey whitish pubescence intermixed with long, erect, soft hairs. Head short, flattened, densely, rugosely punctate; antennee moderately long, serrate, dilated from the fifth joint onward. Prothorax broader than long, obliquely narrowed behind, rugosely punctured at the sides, very sparsely and minutely so on the middle of the disc, 258 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African the transverse grooves shallow. Elytra rather elongate, widened posteriorly, densely, rugosely punctured. Anterior femora thickened; anterior tibiz stout, obliquely compressed, excavate, and deeply emarginate before the apex; anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 stout, 2 extending over 3; inter- mediate tibize greatly swollen, broadly widened from near the base to the apex, slightly sinuate towards the tip within, deeply, sinuately excavate in their outer half beneath, and furnished beyond the middle with a rather broad, testaceous, compressed appendage, the excavated portion bearing an inwardly-curved tuft of matted yellowish hairs below the outer angle. 2. Antenne a little more slender. Length 43-53, breadth 2-2 mm. (¢ 9.) Hab. S. Arnica, Howick, Natal (J. P. Cregoe). Sixteen specimens, the sexes in equal numbers. Larger, duller, and less shining than H. appendicifer, Pic, the head, the sides of the prothorax, and the elytra densely, roughly punctate, the ¢-characters different, the appendage of the iniddle tibiz: much shorter and broader, the excavated infe- rior portion bearing a matted tuft of curled hairs below the outer apical angle. This structure cannot be seen properly unless the insect is viewed from beneath. Less elongate than H. platycerus, from Rhodesia, which has a similarly rugose head, the antennee much less dilated, the apices of the intermediate tibis differently formed. Larger than H. rugaticeps, Bourg., from Meru, and with a still more rugosely puctured head and prothorax, the elytra less parallel, the antennz ( ? ) stouter. 37. Hapalochrus fissipes, sp. n. &. Moderately elongate, narrow, very shining, finely pubescent, and also thickly set with long erect hairs ; cyaneous or bluish-green, the basal four joints of the antenne beneath or in part, the anterior tibia (except at the base and apex), the intermediate femora at the base and the accompanying trochanters, and the abdomen (a series of dark spots along each side excepted), testaceous. Head and prothorax very sparsely punctulate, the latter smooth on the disc and nearly as long as broad; antennz: moderately . long, joints 5-9 obliquely dilatate, 6-9 strongly transverse. Elytra much widened posteriorly, rounded at the tip, closely, rather coarsely punctate, smoother at the base. Anterior tibize broadly lobed at about the middle, and excavate beneath this, the apical portion narrow and compressed ; and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. 200 anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 slightly thickened, 2 projecting over 3; intermediate tibiz (PI. VIII. fig. 21) very strongly incrassate, subtriangular, excavate in “their apical third within, ad fares with a rather, long, retractile, sub- truncate appendage at about one-fourth from the apex (the tibize thus appearing deeply cleft at the tip when the appen- dage is drawn out of the cavity), the outer apical angle toothed beneath, the lower surface of the tibia bifoveate. ?. Antenne feebly serrate, joints 5-9 narrow, about as long as broad, almost equal in width ; legs black. Length 34-33, breadth 1f-14 mm. (J 2.) Hab. W. Centrat Arrica, Belgian Congo: Amadi [type] (P. Van den Plas: ii.—iv. 1913: So 2), Congo da Lemba (R. Mayné: xn. 1912, iv. 1915: ¢ 2); Dolo (F. Chatin: mi. 1912: 3 2); Wombat (2. Vanderyst; vu.,.1x. 1918: a). Described from a series of 22 specimens belonging to the Congo Museum, including eight males ; some females from Manyema in the same Museum, named H. appendicifer by Pic, may belong here. Compared with the last-named insect, the g of the presentspeciesmay berecognized by the obliquely dilated, transverse outer joints of the antennz, the less dilated anterior tibize, the shorter retractile appendage to the middle tibize, the much finer puncturing of the elytra, and the less robust build. The @ is very like the same sex of the insect here determined as H. azureus, Er. The allied H. duviviert, Pic (?=azureus, Er.), type ¢, is said to have subfiliform antennze aud coarsely punctured elytra. 838. Hapalochrus azureus. Apalochrus azureus, Erichs, Entomographien, p. 9 3 (3d) (1840). ? Apalochrus cribrarius, Thoms. Archives Ent. ii. p. 79 (1868). Hedybius ceruleus, Murray, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xx. p. 321 1867) *. a duviviert, Pic, Ann. Soc, Ent. Belg. li. p. 384 (¢) (1907). 6. Anterior trochanters with a sharp tooth; anterior _femora obsoletely subangulate at the middle beneath ; anterior tibize moderately widened, sinuate within, obliquely compressed and excavate towards the apex; anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 slightly thickened, 2 narrowly extending over 3; intermediate femora and tibiz usually obscure testaceous, the latter (Pl. VIII. fig. 23) very stout, subtriangular, excavate at the apex beneath, and with a short broad lobe below the inner apical angle. * Omitted from the Munich Catalogue, vi. 1869. 260 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African 9. Antenne darker, the legs black. Length 31-43, breadth 13-2) mm. (¢ 2.) Hab, W. anv Centrran Arrica, Guinea (type of Krichson: 8), Gaboon (type of Thomson), Old Calabar (Mus. Brit., types of Murray: 8 2), Lagos, Kamerun, Sierra Leone (Mus. Brit.), Gold Coast, Bompata, Ashanti (A. E. Evans), Aburi (W. H. Patterson) ; Uganda (S. A. Neave, C. C. Gowdey) ; Belgian Congo, [bembe (type of Pic: 3), Casai (A. Crida, in Mus. Genoa), Congo da Lemba, Amadi, Mayumbé-Kiniati, Benza-Masoia, Kisantu, Itoka, Coquilhatville, Ganda-Sundi, Mobwasa, Kilo, Wombali, Yambata, Lukula, Mandungu, &c. (Mus. Congo Belge). A rather small, narrow, somewhat convex, cyaneous or bluish-green form; the antennee comparatively slender, subfiliform, testaceous in 4, with the apical joints usually, and sometimes the basal ones above, infuscate or black ; the head and prothorax very shining, the eyes rather large ; the elytra closely, coarsely, rugulosely punctate, sometimes with a brassy lustre ; the anterior and intermediate tibiz and the intermediate femora usually obscure testaceous in g. This is the only W. African Hapalochrus known to me to which Erichson’s brief description would apply ; his type, ¢, wanted the posterior legs. Murray omitted to mention the sexual characters of his H. ceruleus, and Thomson is also silent in this respect. The British Museum has a long series of the present species from various localities on the W. coast of Africa, as weil as many from Uganda. In the Belgian Congo, H. azureus must be an abundant insect, as there are upwards of 550 examples of it in the Congo Museum, including about 180 males ; but the species is not represented in Dollman’s Rhodesian Collection. A very small ¢ from Wombali has much narrower intermediate tibie, and it may not be conspecific with others from the same locality. The H. duvivieri, 9, of the Congo Museum collection, named by Pic, has the antennal joints 2 and 38 greatly elongated, and it probably belongs to Laius spini- coxis, of the same author; H. sinuatipes, Pic (1911), from E. Africa, seems to be an allied form. 39. Hapalochrus mashunus. Hapalochrus mashunus, Gorh. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) vii. p. 359 (gd 2) (1901). g. Antenne serrate, rather broad ; anterior trochanters unarmed ; anterior tibize compressed and excavate before the apex within; anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 slightly thickened, 2 extending over 3 ; intermediate tibie (Pl. VIII. and Astatic Species of Hapalochrus. 261 fig. 24) strongly incrassate, deeply excavate towards the apex within, and furnished with a long, compressed, sinuous, retractile appendage, their lower surface deeply sinuato- excavate from the middle to the apex, the cavity fringed with long whitish hairs on its outer edge, the inner apical angle with a short tooth. 9. Antenne shorter and more slender. Hab. 8.K. ano E. Arrica, Salisbury [type of Gorkam ], Chirinda in Gazaland, and Frere and Hstcourt in Natal (G. A. K. Marshall: $ 3), Livingstone (H. C. Dollman : ?), Kashitu and Mwengwa in N. Rhodesia (H.C. Dollman: 3 ¢), El Donyo eb Urro (C. 8. Betton: §), Mlanje in Nyasaland and Kakindu in Uganda (S. A. Neave:? ). There are twenty examples of this species before me, including ten males. Gorham does not mention the retrac- tile long, curved, tibialappendage of the ¢, which cannot be seen properly unless the tibia is viewed from beneath (see figure). A small cyaneous or bluish-green form, with black legs and antennee, the elytral puncturing dense and fine. Fresh examples are thickly clothed with whitish pubescence, which is easily abraded. H. densatus and f/, rugaticeps, Bourg., both from Kili- mandjaro or Meru, co-types, @ 2, of which are before me are allied forms. ? 40. Hapalochrus laciniosus, sp. n. 3d. Rather short, shining, pubescent, with longer, soft, semi-erect hairs intermixed; green or brassy green, the antenne, palpi, and legs black. Head short, sparsely punctu- late, slightly depressed in front; antenne moderately long, rather stout, serrate, joints 8-9 about as long as broad. Prothorax transverse, a little wider than the head, sparsely punctured, alinost smooth on the middle of the dise. Elytra moderately long, widened posteriorly, densely, very finely punctate. Anterior femora subangulate near the base beneath ; anterior tibiz thickened, obliquely compressed and deeply emarginate near the tip; anterior tarsal joints ] and 2 thickened, 2 extending over 3; intermediate tibiz (PI. VIII. fig. 25) very stout, broadly widened, sinuate within, obliquely, deeply excavate towards the apex beneath, and furnished with a long, slender, compressed, sinuate, retractile appendage, the inner apical angle with a long tooth, the inner edge only of the cavity fringed with long hairs. ?. Antenne shorter and not so stout, the legs slender. Length 33-32, breadth 14-12 mm. (¢ ?.) 262 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African Hab. S.E. Arrtca, Howick in Natal (J. P. Cregoe: 3), Durban (F. Muir: 2), Zululand (ea coll. Fry: 8 2). Two males and three females. Very like H. mashunus, Gorh., the g¢ with broader intermediate tibiz, which on the lower surface are deeply, obliquely excavate and ciliate along the inner edge only, and have a longer tooth at the inner angle. The imperfectly described H. rollet, Pic (1911), length 4°6 mm., from “ E. Africa,” the ¢ of which has stout, appendiculate middle tibiz, seems to be a close ally of the present species. H. appendicifer, Pic, has more coarsely punctured elytra, etc. 41. Hapalochrus densatus. Hapalochrus (Paratinus) densatus, Bourg. in Sjéstedt's Kilimandjaro- Meru Exped., i. Abt. 7, No. 10, p. 186 (¢ 2 ) (1908). g. Antenne rather slender, subfiliform, moderately long ; anterior trochanters unarmed: anterior tibiz feebly dilated beyond the middle and excavate before the apex; anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 slightly thickened, 2 projecting over 3; intermediate femora sinuate (not angulate) beneath; imterme- diate tibiz rather broadly, abruptly incrassate from about the basal third to the tip, deeply excavate and furnished witha com- pressed, curved, retractile appendage before the apex within. Hab. BE. ann W. Centrat Arrica, Kilimandjaro and Meru, Kibonoto (Dr. Sjéstedt), Hima River, Uganda (Dr. Bayer: 4.iv.1912: g¢), Wombwali, Belgian Congo (P> Vanderyst: vil, 1%.19135 (4 2 ). Females from Wombwali in the Congo Museum agree with a co-type of the same sex of H. densatus lent me by Dr. Sjéstedt ; but the identification of the four males from that locality and from the Hiva River is somewhat doubtful, Bourgeois not having mentioned the appeadage of the intermediate tibixe, which, however, is not always visible at first sight. These specimens (length 8-3} mm.) have the elytra a little more elongate than in H. longicornis and H. patruelis, and are clothed with rather long whitish hairs, the male having slender antenne, unarmed anterior trochan- ters, and the intermediate femora simply sinuate beneath, H. mashunus, Gorh., has broader antenne in the ¢, the elytra more fively punctured, &c. 42. Hapalochrus cinerascens, sp. n. 9. Elongate-subtriangular, shining, thickly clothed with long, adpressed, cinereous pubescence, with a few semi-erect Rarer al hairs intermixed; bluish-green, the antennes (the testaceous and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. 263 lower surface of the basal joints excepted) and legs black. Head and prothorax rather small, sparsely, minutely punc- tate, the latter transverse, rounded at the sides, and almost smooth on the middle of the disc. Elytra rather long, rapidly widening to near the apex, bluntly rounded at the tip, transversely depressed on the disc below the base ; densely, finely, rngulosely punctate, Length 32, breadth 2 mm. Hab. Asysstnia (Mus. Brit.). One female. ‘I'his insect seems to be nearest allied to H. mashunus, Gorh., and H. densatus, Bourg., and it is separable from the corresponding sex of those species by having the elytra much more widened posteriorly, the punc- turing of the latter being very fine and dense. Three species only of the genus have been seen by me from Abyssinia, each represented by a single example.. The one here described is so distinct that there can be little risk in naming it from the female sex. 43. Hapalochrus janthinus. 2. Hapalochrus janthinus, Fairm. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (6) 11. p. 157 (i887). Hapalochrus (Paratinus) janthinus, Bourg. in Sjostedt’s Kilimandjaro- Meru Exped. i, Abt. 7, No. 10, p. 184 (¢ ) (1908). Q. Hapalochrous goossenst, Pic, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. li, p. 311 (1908). Elongate, rather convex, shining, somewhat thickly clothed with long, semi-erect, blackish hairs ; bluish-green or cyaneo- violaceous, or, more rarely, zneous, purplish, or obscure cupreous, the antennze and legs black or metallic, the abdo- men usually in part red, the intermediate femora sometimes with a reddish spot at the base in ¢. Head sparsely, finely punctate ; antenne (¢) long, in some specimens broad, serrate, and tapering towards the tip, in others less thickened, subserrate, and wrth joints 2-10 almost equal in width, (?) shorter and more slender. Prothorax transverse, broader than the head, smooth on the disc, sparsely punc- tulate at the sides and apex. LElytra long, rather convex, gradually widening to beyond the middle, rounded at the apex, coarsely, closely, confusedly punctured. ¢. Anterior trochanters unarmed; anterior tibize rather stout, thickened at the middle, and then strongly, obliquely compressed; anterior tarsal joints 1 aud 2 subequal in length, 2 narrowly extended over 3; intermediate tibie very stout, slightly rounded externally, foveate and deeply exca- vate in their outer half beneath, and with a short compressed 264 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African lobe at the inner apical angle, and a curved, dentiform pencil of hairs beneath the outer angle. Length 5-7, breadth 24-34mm. (¢ 2.) Hab. Ei. anv W. Crentrat Arrica, Usagara (type of Fair- maire: 9), Kibonoto, Kilimandjaro, Meru (Dr. Sjéstedt), Ruwenzori, alt. 5300 ft. (Scott-Hiliot), Uganda generally, up to 5000ft. (S. A. Neave, C. C. Gowdey), S. Masai Reserve (T. J. Anderson), Nandi Plateau, W. slopes of Kenya on Meru-Nyeri Road up to 6,200 ft., Kambove, K atanga, and Serenje District in N.E. Rhodesia (S.A. Neave), Mogorr River (Capt. A. O. Luckman), Kashitu in N.W. Rhodesia (H. C. Dollman); WKisantu (type of H. goossensi, Pic, 2 ), Congo da Lemba, Kundi, Kambove-Ruwe, Etshushu, Wombali, Kasenga, and Sankisia, Belgian Congo (Mus. Conyo Belge), Madona (Dr. S. Neave); Angola (Mus. Brit.: 8%). The Congo Museum possesses a series of upwards of 2200 examples of this species (mostly from Congo da Lemba), of which about 130 are males, and in the British Museum there are at least 200 more, including twenty males. The types of H. goossensi, Pic, ?,lent me by M. Schouteden, agree perfectly with H. janthinus, Fairm., ? , as identified by Bourgeois. The ¢ sometimes has a reddish mark at the base of the intermediate femora; but the second joint of — the anterior tarsi is not simple in this sex, as he supposed, the claw-like upper prolongation being conspicuous in one of his Kilimandjaro males before me. In the 38 specimens (34 9,4 3) captured at Kashitu in Rhodesia by the late H.C. Dollman, the antennz of the males are a little less dilated than usual, one, indeed, having these organs quite slender. H. formosus, Harold (1879), type ? , from Angola, must be very closely related to the present insect ; but as the antenne are stated to have the basal joint "reddish beneath, the identification is doubtful. The ? of the present species is very like a Haltica of the same regions, and it might easily be mistaken for a member of that genus. 44, Hapalochrus foveiger, sp. 0. 3. Moderately elongate, rather convex, shining, thickly clothed with rather long, semi-erect, blackish hairs ; cyaneous or violaceous, the head and the dise of the prothorax some- times brassy-black, the abdomen in part red, the antenne, palpi, and legs wholly black or metallic ; head and prothorax sparsely punctured, the latter smooth on the disc; elytra coarsely, closely, uniformly punctate, the punctures deep and and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. 265 separate one from another. Antenne long, not very stout, subfiliform, joints 2-10 much longer than broad, about equal in width. Prothorax transverse, obliquely narrowed behind, deeply grooved at the base. Tlytra moderately long, at the base about as broad as the prothorax, widening to near the apex, the apices broadly, conjointly rounded. Anterior tibiz thickened at the middle and hollowed thence to the apex; anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 rather long, subequal in length, 2 narrowly projecting over 3; intermediate femora with a smooth, deep fovea at the base beneath ; intermediate tibize very stout, convex, deeply excavate at the middle and apex beneath, and with a short, compressed lobe at the inner apical angle. 9. Antenne shorter and more slender. Length 44-54, breadth 21}-22mm. (¢ ?.) Hab. E. AFRICA, Serenje. in *NLE. Rhodesia, alt. 4500 ft. (S. A. Neave: 15,16. xii.1907: g), Kashitu and Mwenga lity pei. C: Dollman: xii. 191452. 19S: oo) Seven males and three females. Not unlikea small H. jan- thinus, Fairm., the elytra relatively shorter, more widened posteriorly, and coarsely, closely, uniformly punctate; the intermediate femora of the ¢ deeply foveate at the base beneath. 4H. clavicornis has a somewhat similar, but larger, excavation of the middle femora in the same sex. 45. Hapalochrus hamatus, sp. un. d. Cyaneous, the head and prothorax brassy or greenish in one specimen, the legs, palpi, and antennee black or metallic ; very shining, the vestiture as in H. furcatus (No. 50). Head short, sparsely punctulate; antennz stout, rather short, serrate, joints 6-9 broad. Prothorax transverse, smooth on the disc, sparsely punctulate near the margins. Elytra depressed on the disc below the base, rather sparsely, somewhat coarsely punctate, with prominent, cariniform lateral margin, the interspaces subplicate. Anterior trochan- ters armed with a_long, hook-like tooth; anterior femora grooved and finely albo-ciliate beneath ; anterior tibiz simply sinuate, compressed towards the apex ; anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 thickened, 2 extending over 3; intermediate femora (Pl. VIII. fig. 26) excavate towards the apex beneath (appearing subangulate at about the middle) ; intermediate tibie (Pl. VIII. fig. 26) moderately thickened, abruptly widening from a little below the base to near the tip, exca+ vate at the middle and apex beneath. Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 13 266 Mr. O. Thomas on Mammals from ?. Antenne much more slender, joints 3-9 longer than broad. Length 4,4—-5, breadth 17-2 mm. 2.) Hab. E. AFRICA, Kashitu in N.W. Rhodesia (H. C. Doll- man: 1. 1915). ee males and one female are referred to H. hamatus, which is extremely like H. furcatus from the same locality, and is only separable therefrom by the ¢-characters: the anterior trochanters are strongly hooked and the intermediate tibice abruptly, moderately widened from near the base (as in H. platycerus, 3); the anterior tibiz want the prominent median lobe ; the intermediate femora are somewhat deeply emarginate near the apex; and the antenne are rather broadly dilated, but much less so than in H. platycerus. (To be continued. } XXXITI.— On Mammals from the Lower Amazons in the Groeldi Museum, Para. By OLDFIELD ‘THOMAS. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) As already noted in connection with the description of the new spiny rat, Lonchothrix emilie, the authorities of the Groeldi Museum, Para, have kindly allowed me the oppor- tunity of examining the series of mammals accumulated by them during the last six years. As the fauna of this region is still very imperfectly known, I think it useful to give a list of the whole of the specimens and their localities. The majority of the specimens have been collected by Friulein Dr. HE. Snethlage, and it is to her energy and ability in collecting, and to the enlightened generosity of the Trustees of the Goeldi Museum in the distribution of the specimens, that the greater part of our increased knowledge of Amazonian mammals is due. A previous paper of the same kind, giving a list of twenty- eight species, was published in 1912 *, while a number of Amazonian novelties received from the Para Museum have been described at various times since 1908. The regions chiefly concerned in the present series are * Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) ix. p. 84 (1912). the Lower Amazons. 267 two—one being in the neighbourhood of Manaos, on the Solimoes or lower Rio Negro, and the other at Villa Braga, on the western bank of the Rio Tapajoz, just above the first rapids. At this latter place Fraulein Snethlage made the most important collection of all—quite a number of new and interesting forms occurring in if. Besides Fraulein Snethlage’s specimens, the series owes many interesting forms to Senhor F. Lima, one of her keenest and most helpful contributors. A series of duplicates, and all types, are generously presented to the British Museum by the authorities at Para. In regard to the present collection, special notice may be directed to the rediscovery of the white-nosed saki (Pithecta albinasa), only previously known from the type, described in 1848, and to the numerous interesting novelties contained in it—notably the tuft-tailed spiny rat Lonchothrix emilice and the whitish bat Depanycterds ¢sabella, both of these repre- senting new genera, and to the new marmoset Hapale enulia, from the Curud River. The following list of localities has been given me by Dr. Snethlage :— Utinga, near Para.a—Woods near the waterworks. Maraj6é Island.—Fazenda Ilha da Roga and Faz. Pacoval dos Mellos. R. Flor do Prado, one of the small coastal rivers east of Para.—Quatipurt. Rio Tocantins—Fazenda Vaieajé, Cameta. Rio Iriri, a left affluent of the Xingt.—Sta. Julia and Liberdade. Rio Curua, a left affluent of the Liri—upper waters. Monte Alegre, north bank of the Amazon nearly opposite Santarem.—Fazenda 8. Pedro, Jugaratena. Taperinhaa—A Fazenda on the right bank of the Amazon below Santarem. Rio Tapajoz.—Villa Braga, left bank, just above the first rapids. Rio Jamauchim (right affluent of the Tapajoz).—Sta. Helena. Rio Negro.—Acajutuba, a little above Manaos. Rio Solimoes.x—Manacapurt, a little above the mouth of the Rio Negro. Ceard.—Ladeira Grande, in the south of the state.x—Serra do Castello. 13% 268 Mr. O. Thomas on Mammals from 1. Cebus apella, L. 2: 29... Rs Trini G4 Dama). @. 68,69. Acajutuba, R. Negro (£. Snethlage—as are all specimens not otherwise credited). 3S. 114,115. Villa Braga, R. Tapajoz. 2. Pithecia pithecia, L. 3. 57,61; ¢@. 58, 59, 60. Acajutuba, Rio Negro. 9. 62, 63, Manacapurt, R. Solimoes. 3. Pithecia monachus, Geoff. S. 117; ?. 118. Villa Braga, Rio Tapajoz. ‘ Villa Braga is on the left (western) bank of the Tapajez, just above the first rapids. A, Pithecia albinasa, Geoff. & Dev. 9. ol, Rio Irin, JB; Mined: The rediscovery of this well-defined species is of much interest, for it seems never to have been obtained since its original description in 1848, and the type-specimen in Paris has hitherto remained unique. That type was obtained alive from Indians at Santarem. Fraulein Snethlage’s specimen was shot out of a small troup on the banks of the river. 5. Callicebus hoffmannsi, Thos. 3. 119,120,121; ¢. 122. Villa Braga, R. Tapajoz. Only previously known by the type, collected by W. Hoffmanns at Urucurituba, Santarem. There is considerable variation in the colour of the under surface, two of these specimens having this pale yellowish like the type, while the other two have it strong ochraceous buffy ; but the distribution of the buffy or yellowish is the same in all. 6. Callicebus remulus, Thos. gd. 112. Santarem. Obtained alive by Friiulein Snethlage at Santarem, the original locality more or less doubtful. Not precisely like true remudus, but without a knowledge of the exact locality it is impossible to be sure whether the differences are individual or not. the Lower Amazons. 269 7. Aotus trivirgatus, Humb, 3. 64; 2. 66,67. Manacapurti, Rio Solimoes. 8. Hapale emilie, sp. n. 3. 36; 9.37. Maloca, Upper Curud River, Upper Rio Triri, R. Xing *. Near H. melanurus, but with white muzzle and no light hip-stripe. General coloration somewhat as in melanurus, the shoulders and fore-back silvery grey darkening to rather browner grey on the rump. Hairs of under surface silvery grey. Crown between ears black or blackish, the muzzle in front of the black quite white; cheeks white; chin white, practically naked. Lars large, without tufts, their thin scattered hairs brown. Arms grey, whiter on their inner aspect, hands blackish brown. Legs grey on outer, whiter on inner side, but both aspects more or less suffused with buffy. Feet blackish. ‘Tail black except for its basal inch, which is brownish grey. “ Hyes yellowish brown. Face pink. LHars black at their edges.”— FH, S. Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :— Head and body 199 mm.; tail 308; hind foot 61; SET Pave Skull: greatest length 44; condylo-basal length 35 ; zygomatic breadth 29 ; breadth across orbits 25°5 ; maxillary - tooth-row 11°5. flab. as above. Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 20.7. 14.12. Original number 37. Collected 10th November, 1914, by Friulein KE. Snethlage. This little marmoset, to which Friulein Snethlage has drawn my special attention, and which I am pleased to name after her, is a member of the H. argentatus group, but is readily distinguishable by its white muzzle and the absence of a light hip-stripe from H. melanuwrus, the only species it at all resembles. Of the other species of the group, H. argen- tatus is almost quite white, apart from its black tail, and has no blackish on the head. . chrysoleucos has hairy ears and a pale yellowish tail.—. melanoleucos, Ribeiro, the Para co-type of which is now in the British Museum, is wholly * The Curud River is marked in Stieler as a tributary of the main Amazon, with its outlet near Santarem ; but I preter to accept Fraulein Snethlage’s statement that it is an affluent of the Iivi. 270 Mr. O. Thomas on Mammals from white, its only black being the skin of the face, palms, soles, and scrotum. H. emi/ie is therefore evidently a very distinct new species. 9, Dasypterus ega, Gerv. &. 9. Monte Alegre, near Santarem (O. Martins). 10. Myotis sp. 9. 72. Acajutuba, R. Negro. o. 76. Cametdé, Tocantins (7. Lima). Probably related to M. stmus, Thos. 11. Myotis sp. S. 44, 48, 49; 9. 45, 50. Ladeira Grande, Ceara (F. Lima). M. nigricans group. 12. Rhynchonycteris naso, Wied. . 2s AiO LT why kn . 70. Acajutuba, R. Ne = ou. gro. +0 +0 13. Saccopteryx bilineata, Temm. 3.55; §. 56,57,58. Tlhada Roea, Marajo (fF. Lima). 3. 78,79; 9. 77,80. Cameta, Tocantins (f. Lima). 14. Saccopteryx leptura, Schr. . 71, Acajutuba, R. Negro. . 129. Villa Braga, R. 'Tapajoz. +0 OY 15. Saccopterya canescens, Thos. $-8; 9.7. Monte Alegre, near Santarem (0. Martins). 16. Peropteryx canina, Wied. 6. 0%.'« Utinga, Para. 17. Peronymus leucopterus, Peters. 3. 81. Cameta, Tocantins (F. Lima). the Lower Amazons. yar Gy 18. Diclidurus seutatus, Peters. 6. 38,165. Para. “ Caught in the old town.”—F. S. These specimens are of great interest, as no example of D. scutatus has been recorded since Peters described the species in 1869, and its locality was unknown. The species is evidently quite distinct from D. albus by its smaller size and less complicated caudal gland; but without spirit- specimens the differences in this latter respect are not easy to appraise, The skull agrees with that of D. albus in the extension of the palate behind the level of the posterior molars, 19. Depanycteris isabella, gen. et sp. n. g. 73. Manacapurt, Rio Solimoes (/. Snethlage). Type. DEPANYCTERIS, gen. nov. Allied to Diclidurus. Colour pale brown, not white. Ears about as in Diclidurus; no trace of the enormous lobe on the tragus found in Cyttarops. Thumb not so remarkably abbreviated as in Die/idurus and possessing a distinct claw. Hind limbs with the feet markedly longer in proportion to the tibize, the distance from the base of the calcar to the tip of the claws more than half the length of the lower leg, while it is decidedly less than half in Diclidurus. Groove along inner side of tibia shorter, more open, and less sharply defined. Tail-tip in male without any horny capsule, although there ig apparently a structure somewhat similar to that of thie female of Diclidurus. Skull in most respects similar to that of Diclidurus, but the palate is deeply emarginate behind—to the level of the front edge of m*,—while in front it is also more broadly excavated. Basial pits well defined. Teeth about as in Diclidurus. Genotype. D. tsabella, sp. n. This relative of Diclidurus is in general a less highly specialized form than that is, its brownish colour, more normal pollex, and less developed caudal glands all being evidence in this direction. It has no special affinity with Cyttarops. Depanycteris isabella, sp. n. Size about as in Diclidurus scutatus. Colour very similar to that of Mesophylla macconnelli, the head and shoulders 272 Mr. O. Thomas on Mammals from = dull whitish, the back gradually becoming browner, the rump pale “ wood-brown.”’ Under surface dull buffy whitish. Dimensions of the type (the starred measurements taken in the flesh) :— Forearm (approximately) 54 mm. Head and body * 62; tail* 121; hind foot* 11; ear* 12. Tragus on inner edge 4, breadth 2°8. Third finger, meta- carpus 56, first phalanx 10; tibia 19, hind foot (c. u.) 9; calear 16 Skull: greatest length (occiput to base of canines) 16 ; basi-sinual length 11°6; zygomatic breadth 11:5; breadth across orbits 8; mastoid breadth 9°2; palato-sinual length 3°7; front of p* to back of m? 5. Hab. as above. Type. Adult male (softened and placed in spirit). B.M. no. 20. 7.14. 24. _ Original number 73. Collected 17th October, 1916, by Fraulein E. Snethlage. This new bat forms a most interesting discovery, adding a third genus to the small subfamily Diclidurine. It is in all respects less highly specialized than Diclidurus, the well- known white bat of the Neotropical region, which, until the discovery of Cyttarops in 1913 +, was supposed to be entirely isolated from all its allies. In colour the white Diclidurus remains unique, for both Cyttarops and Depanycteris are brown, though the latter is an unusually pale brown. 20. Noctilio leporinus, L. g.51; 2.52,53,54. Ladeira Grande, Ceard (Ff. Lima). All with well-marked dorsal streaks. No. 52 is strongly fulvous both above and below; the others are brown above and whitish below. 21. Dirias albiventer, Spix. S. 59; ¢. 60, 61,62. Ilhada Roca, Marajé (f. Lima). The same variation in the colours occurs as with the Noctilio, and is equally independent of sex. Mr. Osgood’s observations f about the teeth of Noctilvo and Dirias and the uselessness of the dental characters for distin- guishing the two genera are undoubtedly quite correct, as I have verified by the examination of many forms of both. groups. But Iam none the less disposed to consider that the striking difference in the proportions of the legs and feet + Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xi. p. 184 (1918). { Field Mus. Publ. x. no. 4, p. 31 (1910), the Lower Amazons. 2783 renders the retention of Miller’s genus Dirias advisable. No intermediates occur, and I have seen a small Nocetzlio, with skull scarcely larger than that of a large Dirias, showing the fully developed Noctilio feet, so that the diminution in the size of the feet does not go part passu with that of the animal as a whole. 22. Dirias irex, sp. n. 6. 26, 28. Santa Julia, Rio liri, Rio Xinet. General characters as usual, but size less than in any known form. Colour of type dull brown above, buffy whitish below ; paratype wholly fulvous. Dimensions of type :— Forearm 53 mm. Head and-body 65; tail 12; ear 22. Third finger, meta- carpal 47, first phalanx 12 ; lower leg and hind foot (ce. u.) 33. Skull: greatest length 18; condylo-basal length 16; condyle to front of canine 15:7; zygomatic breadth 13:4 ; breadth of brain-case 11; palatal length 8-6; front of canine to back of m?® 7, Hab. as above. Type. Adultmale. B.M.no. 20.7.14.29. Original num- ber 26. Collected 18th February, 1914, by Fraulein EK. Snethlage. This Dirtas is markedly smaller than any member of the genus hitherto known, its small size coming out especially in the length of the tooth-row. Dirias minor, Osg.*, supposed by him to be unusually small, appears from the measurements to be of about the size of the majority of our Amazonian specimens, some few only being larger. The two specimens of D. trex agree precisely in the size of the teeth, but the paratype is even smaller than the type in other respects. 23. Molossus rufus, Geoff. 3. 48, 53; ¢. 49, 50, 51, 52. Conceicgio, Rio Moju, near Para. 24. Molossus obscurus, Geoff. 6. 75; 2. 76,77. Acajutuba, Rio Negro. 9.131. Villa Braga, R. Tapajoz. 25. Tadarida macrotis, Gray. G. cage. o2e ‘io Irn, Rio Xingu: * Noctilio minor, Osgood, . ¢. 274 Mr. O. Thomas on Mammals from 26. Trachops cirrhosus, Spix. o. 11: ©. 10. Monte Alegre: 27. Phyllostomus hastatus, Pall. S. 43,44; 9. 42, 45, 46,47. Conceigaro, Rio Moju. 28. Hemiderma perspicillatum, lL. g. 41. Conceicio, R. Moju, near Para. 29. Glossophaga soricina, Pall. g. 40. Cerro do Castillo, Cearé (F. Lima). gd. 130. Villa Braga, R. Tapajoz. 30. Vampyrodes caraccioli, Thos. or 113. Wings, Para: A very interesting capture, as no specimen of V. caracciolt has been obtained, so far as I am aware, since I described the type from Trinidad in 1900. The present specimen is fully adult while the type was rather immature, but with the exception of its resultant slightly greater size there is nothing to distinguish the Para from the Trinidad example. The skull is 26 mm. in total length, the forearm 51. 31. Chiroderma villosum, Pet. ¢. 24. §. Antonio do Prata. 32. Sturnira Lilium, Geoff. g. 74. Manacapurti, R. Solimoes. &. 98; 2. 99,100, 101. Flor do Pardo, Quatipuru. 33. Scturus pyrrhonotus, Wagn. &. 5. 84. Manacapuiti on the Solimoes, near mouth of Rio Negro (normal coloration). 3. S. 79, 81, 82, 83; %. 80. Acajutuba, Rio Negro, near its mouth. &. 8.132. Villa Braga, Rio Tapajoz. ?. Upper Jurua (?). Of the five specimens from Acajutuba, four are wholly black, and it was no doubt one such that Wagner referred to his S. igniventris, but the normal-coloured specimen, which is precisely like No, 84 from Manacupurt, indicates that the Lower Rio Negro form should really be assigned to pyrrho- notus. the Lower Amazons. 275 The capture of a specimen at Villa Braga extends the known range of these giant squirrels eastwards from the Madeira to the Tapajoz basin. 34, Sciurus estuans paraensis, Goeldi. 4g. 102, 103, 104, 105. Flor do Prado, Quatipuru, Coast EK. of Para. 3 2. L. 82, 83. Cametd, Tocantins (F. Lima). 36. M.5. Tanaquara (O. Martins). 9.8. 135. Rio Jamauchim, 2 9. 8. 133, 134. Villa Braga, Tapajos. e200) Eee Eritig Hino 9. L. 35. Serra do Castillo, Cearé (F. Lima). It is at present impossible to make a satisfactory deter- mination, of every one of these squirrels, which show a wide range of colour-variation, especially in the amount and in- tensity of the buffy of the under surtace. The name paraensis seems to be the best to use provisionally for them until they have again been revised with much further material. 35. Microsciurus manarius, sp. n. 3. 85, 86. Acajutuba, Rio Negro, near its mouth. An olive species with buffy ear-patches. No p?® in either of the two specimens, Fur short and close. General colour above olive-brown, warmer and more buffy on the face and crown. Under surface buffy, of medium richness. Kars with their inner surface and the upper third of their outer surface (proectote) deep ochraceous buffy ; lower two-thirds of outer surface and patch behind them paler buffy. Eye-rims buffy. Hands and feet greyish olivaceous. Tail long, narrow, its hairs deep reddish tawny basally, this colour making a median line along the lower surface, black subterminally, and pale buffy at tips; the long hairs at the end of the tail tipped with tawny. Skull of about the size and shape of that of M. rubrirostris, Allen ; narrower and with less widely expanded zygomata than that of MW. flaviventer, Gray. Small upper premolar (p*), whose presence is supposed to be characteristic of Microsciurus, absent in both specimens. Dimensions of the type:— Head and body 127 mm.; tail 129; hind foot 38; ear 16. Skull: greatest length 36°3; condylo-incisive length 32 ; 276 Mr. O. Thomas on Mammals from zygomatic breadth 21°7; nasals 9'2 ; interorbital breadth 13 ; palatilar length 15 ; upper tooth-series 5°9. Hab. as above. Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 20. 7. 1. 8. Original number 8. 86. Collected 21st February, 1916. This squirrel appears to be most closely related to ML. flavi- venter, Gray, of which, besides the type, the Museum possesses a specimen from the Yahuas Territory, north of Loreto, N.E. Peru. It differs as a species by its paler general colour, its reddish ears, and its narrower and more lightly built skull. But it also presents a puzzle as to the characters of the genus Adicroscturus, for with the smail size and other ex- | ternal characteristics of the genus it has no p*, and might therefore be thought referable to the group of Seiurus called Leptosciurus by Allen. But in JL. flaviventer p® is propor- tionally much smaller than is usual in Microsciurus, and I am disposed to believe that the present is a species which has gone just one stage further in the same direction, unless these two specimens prove hereafter to be abnormal individuals without the tooth, as occasionally happens. In all other respects the species is a typical Microsciurus. 36. Scturillus pusillus, Desm. 9.137; ¢. 136. Villa Braga, Rio Tapajos (£. Sneth- lage). Quite like the type of Macroxus kuhli, Gray, which very likely came from this region, and not from Guiana, where alone Sciurillus has hitherto been supposed to be found. 37. Holochilus sciureus, Wagn. nay Lidl Soar: 38. Oryzomys laticeps, Lund. dg. 140. 92. 139,141. Villa Braga, R. Tapajoz. 9. 34. Liberdade, Rio Iviri, R. Xingd. 39. Oryzomys subjlavus, Wagn. 3. L. 43. Ladeira Grande, Ceardé (F.-Lima). - 40. Oryzomys navus messorius, Thos. ¢. L. 28, 29, 30; 9.31. Fazenda Pacoval dos Mellos, Marajo Island (#, Lima). the Lower Amazons. 217 41. Gicomys tapajinus, Thos. g. 8S. 22, 23. Island of Marajo. g. 8.138. Villa Braga, R. Tapajoz. 3.8. 87. Manacapuri, R. Solimoes. 2. M. 20. Monte Alegre, near Santarem (0. Martins). 42. Proechimys goeldit, Thos. Gas: 923 9") 90.0 Acajatuba. Rio Nerro: 3: 94,95; 9. 93. Manacapurt, R. Solimoes. Five molar laminee are frequently, if not invariably, present among these specimens. 43. Cercomys laurentius, Thos. 3. L. 42. Serra do Castello, Ceara (/#. Lima). 44, Hehimys armatus, Geoff. 3d. 144,145. Villa Braga, R. Tapajoz. 45. Lonchothriz emilie, Thos. Supra, p. 114. ¢. 142. Villa Braga, R. Tapajoz. Type. (B.M. nox 20. 6:45 1.) This remarkable animal, the prize of the collection, has already been described, but I include it here to make the list complete. 46. Isothrix bistriata negrensis, subsp. n. 9. 89. Acajutuba, Lower Rio Negro, near its mouth. Nearly allied to J. b. ortnoct, and agreeing with it, as con~ trasted with true distriata, in the presence of marked light postauricular patches and the shortening of the median light crown-patch, which ends opposite the middle of the ears instead of being continued down the nape ; the nape is there- fore blackish all across instead of being divided in the centre. Differing from orinoct by the general colour being strongly suffused with ochraceous, the rump much more ochraceous than the body, the ear-patches buffy instead of whitish, the median crown-patch distinct and buffy instead of being whitish and only vaguely indicated, and by the under surface being strong ochraceous buffy throughout. Tail with the basal two-fifths dull ochraceous instead of a quarter or less. Skull quite as in d¢striata and orinoei. 278 Mr. O. Thomas on Mammals from Dimensions of the type:— Head and body 244 mm.; tail 253; hind foot 44; ear 19. Skuil: greatest length 56; condylo-incisive length 51; zygomatic breadth 28°5; nasals 17; interorbital breadth 13°8 ; upper tooth-series 11°5. Hab. as above. Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 20.7. 1.20. Original number 89. Collected 1916 by Dr. E. Snethlage. Animals agreeing with £. distriata in all important cha- racters, external and cranial, are found over the huge area extending from the Rio Guaporé, about 13° 8. to the middle Orinoco in 5° N., and westwards to the Ucayali in 75° W., the present locality being about the eastern centre of the area. No doubt the extremes, distriata and orinoci, might be thought to be specifically separable by their colour-characters, but their skulls are so identical that I have preferred to keep them under one specific heading. The new form is most allied to orinoct, but differs by the characters detailed above. Natterer’s second specimen, mentioned by Pelzeln but not by Wagner, was no doubt, from its locality, an example of I, b. negrensis. 47. Daetylomys sp. $. Taperinha, Santarem (Dr. Hagmann). Probably D. daetylinus canescens, but in faded pelage and without skull. 48. Coendou prehensilis, L. &. 150 (young). Villa Braga, R. Tapajoz. Two further young Coendous are also included in the collection, both of them albinistic. Owing to their youth and abnormal coloration they cannot at present be determined with any certainty. More material of this genus is very much needed, as the skulls are so remarkably variable that satisfactory results can only be attained by the help of good series. 49, Dasyprocta aguti, L. gd. 151. Villa Braga, R. Tapajoz. 50. Myoprocta acouchy, Krxl. g. M.18, M.19. Montalegre, Jugaratena, N. bank of Amazon nearly opposite Santarem,. the Lower Amazons. 279 These specimens are unusually red, having less black on the hinder back than is usual. Dasyprocta exilis, Wagl., and D. leptura, Wagn., would both seem to be referable to this animal, for I find it quite impossible to accept Dr. Allen’s identification * of the former with one of the greenish-coloured pratt: group, merely because there was a white line down the belly of the type. D. eaz/is was described as “ not@o toto castaneo-fuscescente,” a coloration absolutely in contrast with that of pratt, while characteristic of the present form, And D. leptura is also “ ferrugineo- rufa.’ In consequence, the next species may be considered without reference to those names, 51. Myoprocta prattt limanus, subsp. n. 3d. 96. Acajutuba, near mouth of Rio Negro, above Manaos. B.M. no. 20.7.1. 24. Type. Colours throughout more vivid than in true pratt’. Face and crown strongly suffused with ochraceous. Nape-streaks bright ochraceous buffy. Under surface bright yellowish buffy, the chest-hairs buffy te the roots, the belly—apart from the well-developed white median line—wholly buffy, the line of demarcation on sides not sharply marked, as it is in M. p. milleri. Chin whitish, almost naked. No trace of the broad brownish slaty bases to the throat-hairs so marked in millert. Inner surface of thighs bright “ light orange-yellow.” Upper surface of hands and feet dark grizzled tawny. Skull about as.in pratt?, but the bulla markedly smaller. Dimensions of the type :— Head and body 337 mm. ; tail 49 ; hind foot 86 ; ear 31, Skull: greatest length 76°5 ; condylo-incisive length 66 ; zygomatic breadth 38 ; bulla, length on a line parallel with the median axis of the skull 13; upper tooth-series 12°3. Hab, and type as above, the latter collected 9th June, 1916, by Fréulein E. Snethlage. There would seem to be three subspecies of the greenish acouchy, the true Myoprocta pratti of the Marafion of Peru tf, with the yellowish of the belly quite narrow, its breadth at most 2 inches, and with comparatively large bulla; secondly, the form found in Colombia—Z. p. milleri, Allen,—with broad, sharply defined yellowish belly, the hairs of the throat dark at base, and the nuchal streaks not strongly developed ; * Bull. Am. Mus. xxxv. p. 205 (1916). + Mr. Pocock did not record the exact locality, but I have been able to learn from Mr. Pratt that the agoutis were obtained at the Pongo de Rentema, on the Maraion, about 78° 20’ W. 280 Mr. O. Thomas on Mammals from and, thirdly, the present form, which represents a considerable extension eastwards of the range of this type of agouti. As already stated, I feel quite confident that this animal is not Wagler’s D, ewilis, as suggested by Allen, and therefore now give it a new subspecific name. At Friulein Snethlage’s suggestion I name this well- marked form in honour of her helper and contributor Senhor F. Lima, to whom the Goeldi Museum is indebted for many interesting mammals. 52. Cyclopes didactylus, L. ?. 152,153. Villa Braga, R. Tapajoz. 53. Marmosa domina, sp. n. 3.1600; 2. 156.4157, 159 (young) Villa Bidga ok: Tapajoz. M. cinerea group ; tail wholly brown. Fur not very long, hairs of back about 10 mm. in length. General colour drabby grey, the sides becoming greyish drab. Under surface not sharply defined, buffy, the chest and inguinal region clear buffy, the belly-hairs slaty at base except along the middle line. Furry portion at base of tail not very extended, only about an inch in length, and its hairs not long, about 5-6 mm. Rest of tail naked, brown to the tip, not whitened terminally, Skull, as usual in this group, with well-marked triangular postorbital processes. Dimensions of the type :— Head and body 166 mm.; tail 250; hind foot 24:5; ear 27, Skull: upper length 45; condylo-basal length 44:5 ; zygomatic breadth 25; nasals 20x63; interorbital breadth 75 ; breadth across postorbital processes 8°4 ; palatal length 24°8 ; breadth across outer corners of m? 13°8; maxillary tooth-row 18°5; three anterior molariform teeth 7:2. Hab. as above. Type. Adult female (basilar suture closed). B.M. no. 20. 7. 14. 89. Original number 156. Collected 19th June, 1917, by Fraulein Snethlage. Only two members of this group are without white on the tail-tip—/. germana of Ecuador, which has a more or less greyish-brown belly, and JZ. regina of Colombia, larger and more buffy throughout. J. cinerea demerare of Guiana has ee ee EE EE = the Lower Amazons. 281 but little caudal white, and may be the nearest ally of the present form, but its tail has a considerably longer furry portion at its base. 54, Marmosa collega, sp. n. $. 154. Villa Braga, Rio Tapajoz. A large species of the ineana group; furry part of tail about an inch in length. Size rather larger thanin ¢ncana. Fur of moderate length, hairs of back about 7 mm. in length. Generai colour above dull cinnamon, about as in M/. murina. Under surfage and inner side of limbs dull creamy white, the whitish area narrowed on the belly, where it is about an inch in breadth. Black orbital rings wel] marked. Hands and feet whitish. Tail-base furry for about an inch, though the fur there is only about 4-5 mm. in length; rest of tail naked, brown, with fine and inconspicuous white marblings throughout its length, but these are probably often absent. Skull long, narrow, more strongly built than in zneana, with well-marked parallel beads along the supraorbital edges, not projected outwards into ledges, ‘Teeth proportionally small. Dimensions of the type :— Head and body i148 mm.; tail 204; hind foot 21; ear 22. Skull: greatest length 40°5 ; condylo-basal length 40-2 ; zygomatic breadth 20°7; nasals 19°3x 4:7; interorbital breadth 7; breadth across supraorbital beads 7:1; palatal length 23; breadth across outer corners of m? 11'4; maxillary tooth-row 16°3 ; length of three anterior molaritorm teeth * 64. flab. as above. Tone. Old male. “BM. no. 20. 7. 14. 40. Otivimal number 154. Collected 7th June, 1917, by Fraulein Snethlage. This species belongs to the incana group, which does not have triangular postorbital processes projecting over the orbits. It is larger and move brown-coloured than Ad. encana, aud has a longer furry base toits tail. ‘This latter character * Ie, p*, m, and m?, not mp*, p*, and m' as Dr. Cabrera seems to have taken when describing his type of Marmosa polita, which is not adult, but still retains its milk p*. This is clearly shown by the excellent figure he gives. Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 19 282 On Mammals from the Lower Amazons. also proves its distinctness from M/. madeirensis, Cabr., a renaming of Wagner’s Didelphys macrotarsus. The hairs of the sides of the neck of the type of W. collega are stiffened and show evidence of some glandular modification. 55. Marmosa lime, sp. n. 9, 85. Ceard (F. Lima). Allied to M. collega, but fur longer, colour greyer, and teeth larger. Size rather less than in collega. Fur long, soft and woolly, the hairs of the back about 11 mm. in length. General colour above strong drabby grey, the back nearly “ drab,” the sides more buffy brown. Under surface deep soiled buffy, the bases of all the hairs, except on chin and inguinal region, slaty greyish, their tips ochraceous buffy ; cheeks and interramia cinnamon-tawny, inguinal region cinnamon-buff. Tail with quite an inch and a half furry, the hairs about 8 mm. in length; rest of tail brown, with a few conspicuous whitish marblings terminally. . Skull very like that of J/. collega, with similar but less heavy supraorbital beads. Molars rather larger. Dimensions of the type :— Head and body 135 mm.; tail 225; hind foot 25; ear 27. Skull: greatest leneth 40; condylo-basal length 39:3; zygomatic breadth 20; nasals 16°7 x 4°55 interorbital breadth 5°8; breadth on supraorbital beads 6 ; palatal length 22°5 ; breadth across outer corners of m? 17:7; maxillary tooth-row 16°5, three anterior molariform teeth 7:2. Hab, Ceara. Type. Adult but not old male. B.M. no. 20. 7. 14. 41. Original number 85. Lived for some months in the Para Zoological Gardens, to which it was brought from Ceard by Senhor F. Lima. Died 11th March, 1916. This is a very striking species owing to the strong buffy coloration of the under surface, the long woolly fur, and the considerable extent of the furry base of the tail, so that it looks like a small member of the cinerea group. But in a fully adult specimen, with permanent dentition, its narrow skul§ and parallel supraorbital beads show that it is really an ally of the Tapajoz species just described. It is named after its captor, Senkor F. Lima. On some Parasitic Worms from East Africa. 283 56. Marmosa parata, Thos. @ and 2 young. - 11,12,and 18. Para Zoological Gardens. Described in 1911 trom a specimen obtained at Igarapé- Assu by Mr, A. Robert. Specimens nos. 155, from Villa Braga, and 39 and 41, from Ceaid, are also allied, but show certain differences, for whose due appreciation further material is required. 57. Monodelphis * brevicaudata, Krx|. 3. Taperinha, near Santarem (Dr. Hagmann). 58. Monodelphis emiliw, Thos. Peramys emilie, Thos. 6. 161,162. Villa Braga, R. Tapajoz. These eo excellent specimens of this rare and beautiful opossum are of interest owing to their again showine the curious vinaceous coloration of the under ‘surface on aed some notes were given in the original description (/. ¢.). Both examples are old males and have the coloration covering nearly the whole of the under surface, quite uniformly, and similar in each case. It is, perhaps, possible that this colour, so unlike a normal oe rine colour, may be due to a staining by some external cause, say a purple-juiced bark, and the rapid change in the gallon after death recorded by Friiulein Snethlage would be in favour of such a view. Whether natural or artificial, it probably increases with age, as both these examples are quite old, and have it ata Maximun. XXXIV.— Notes on some Parasitic Worms from Kast Africa. By H. A. Bayuis, M.A. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) THE five species to be considered formed part of a collection of parasites made by Mr. A. Loveridge during 1917-1919 in British, and what was formerly German, Hast Africa. NEMATODA. 1. Ascaridia fasciata, sp.n. (Figs. 1-3.) Host: Vinago delalandii, subsp. Locality. Dar-es-Salaam. * Cf. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) v. p. 195 (footnote). ihe 284 Mr. H. A. Baylis on some This form is very closely related to Ascaridia [ Heterakis | longecirrata (v. Linstow, 1879 *), the host of which was also a dove, Geopelia sp. v. Linstow’s very brief description, however, mentions only nine pairs of caudal papilla in the male, whereas the present form shows thirteen pairs (see below). The relative length of the cesophagus is also less than in v. Linstow’s species. The male measures up to 43 mm. in length and 1 mm. in thickness, the female up to 74mm. and 1:9 mm. respectively. The anterior end is usually curled towards the dorsal side. Fig. 2. “. ee Lee ft) tee fas 6 Ascaridia fasciata, Fig. 1.—Head of male; dorsal view. a, cervical ala. Fig. 2.—Portion of cuticle in optical longitudinal section, showing the anunular thickenings. The tail is straight, and tapers to a fine point in both sexes. There are three large lips of semicircular outline, the dorsal lip (fig. 1) bearing two large papille, the ventro-lateral lips each a single median papilla. The diameter of the head is 0-3-0'48 mm. The cuticle is marked with thickened trans- verse rings (fig. 2), which can hardly be called striations (cf. v. Linstow’s account of H. longecirrata). In the middle * Arch. f. Naturg. p. 175, pl. xi. fig. 23. O-/ mm. Parasitic Worms from East Africa. 285 of the body they attain a maximum width (measured from the posterior limit of one ring to the posterior limit of the next) of 0°1 mm. The anterior end of the worm is provided with well- developed lateral alee (fig. 1, a.), attaining a width of 0°3 mm. or more at the widest part, which is at about 14 mm. from the anterior extremity, and extending backward for from 3 to Fig. 3. to} Ascaridia fasciata. Caudal end of male; ventral view. el., cloaca ; 7., lateral cuticular ridge ; sw., sucker, 4mm. The cesophagus is simple and short, shaped like a slender Indian club, and measuring 2°4-3°7 mm. in length, or roughly #5 of the total length. The nerve-ring is situated at 0-7-0°9 mm., and the excretory pore at 0°85-1:0 mm., from the anterior extremity. ‘“ Internal vesicles” (cf. Asearidia maculosa) are seen within the body-wall, some of them being very large (up to 0-4 mm. in diameter). a 286 Mr. H. A. Baylis on some In the male the tail (fig. 3) is 0°77 mm. long. The spicules are of equal length (1°9 mm.), and are alate, measuring about 0°07 mm. in width. There are thirteen pairs of caudal papillaee—five postanal, one large adanal, and seven preanal. The preanal sucker (fig. 3, sw.) measures 0°25 mm. in diameter. The body is somewhat compressed laterally in the region of the sucker, and the cuticle raised ventrally into two longitudinal ridges (fig. 3, 7.) at the sides of the sucker. These ridges perhaps represent candal ale. In the female the tail is 1°25-1°6 mm. long.. The vulva is situated very slightly in front of the middle of the body. The vagina and unpaired portion of the uterus are short, and together forma tube which runs forward in a sinuous course for about 2 mm., before giving off at right angles the two uterine branches, which run perfectly straight forward and backward respectively. The ova are of oblong-oval shape, with a thick shell, and measure 88 wx 45 mw. 2. Subulura loveridget, sp.n. (Wig. 4.) Host: (?) Mungos [Crossarchus | fasciatus. Locality. (?) Morogoro. This is a slender little worm, which occurred in very large numbers. The identification of the host, unfortunately, is somewliat doubtful, owing to the loss of the collector's label, but Mr. Loveridge believes that it was that named above. A species of Subu/ura is already known from a clos«ly-related host (S. schebeni, v. Linst., from Cynietis penicillata), but the present species is considerably larger. The largest specimens measure: male 19 mm. long and 0°52 mm. thick, female 29°7 mm. long and 0°65 mm. thick. ‘There are no cervical ale. The cesophagus, including the posterior bulb, measures 1°75 mm. in length from the anterior extremity in the male, and 2°15 mm. in the female. The bulb is distinctly marked off by a constriction, contains a chitinous denticular apparatus, and measures 0°3-0°35 mm. in length. The nerve-ring is situated at 0°35 mm. from the head-end in both sexes, and the excretory pore at 0°625- 0-65 mm. In the male the caudal end (fig. 4) is provided with a ru limentary preanal sucker (fig. 4, sw.). The tail itself measures 0°37 mm. in length. ‘There are ten pairs of papille, of which seven are postanal. The second and seventh pairs are situated more laterally than the rest. The two equal spicules (fig. 4, sp.) measure 1°55 mm. in length. At the proximal end they are simple and tubular, but at about Parasitic Worms from East Africa. 287 0°4 mm. from the base the tubular portion is suddenly nar- rowed to form a supporting rib along the dorsal edge, while the ventral edge is produced into a flange. ‘There is an accessory piece (fig. 4, ap.) measuring 0°23 mm. in length. The extremity of the tail is produced into a very fine tapering filament. Fig. 4. Sp: ROSS ss Ze if Lif Subulura loveridget. Caudal end of male; lateral view. a.p., accessory piece ; sp., spicule ; sw., sucker ; 1-10, papille. In the female the tail, which is 17 mm, long, tapers gradually from the anus to a fine point. The vulva is situated considerably in front of the middle of the body, at 11‘9 mm. from the head-end. There is an ovejector like that of S. allodapa and S. forcipata, as described and figured by 288 Mr. H. A. Buylis on some Seurat *. The ovejector itself measures 0°65 mm, from the vulva in a forward direction, ending anteriorly in an oval chamber into which the vagina opens dorsally by a narrow canal with thick walls. At a point 0°95 mm. from the vulva the vagina bends back upon itself towards the posterior end. The precise course of the uteri has not been traced, but they appear to run back nearly as far as the anus, and then turn forward again, the most anterior coils extending to within 1:6 mm. of the cesophageal bulb. The ova contain coiled embryos, and measure 75 wx 62°5 p. 3. Thelazia depressa, sp.n. (Figs. 5-7.) Host: (?) Mungos [Crossarchus| fasciatus. Locality. (2?) Morogoro. In the same tube with the numerous specimens of Subulura just described there oceurred a pair, male and female, of a O-/mm. Theluzia dep esea. Head of female; lateral view. Zp., lateral papilla; m.e., wall of mouth-capsule ; s.m.p., submedian papilla. form which appears to belong to the genus Thelazia. The usual habitat of the worms of this genus is the orbital region of birds and, more rarely, of mammals. It is possible that * C. R. Soe. Biol. Paris, ii. (1914) p. 154, figs. 2, 4, Parasitic Worms from East Africa. 289 the present case is one of pseudo-parasitism, the actual host having been some bird or other animal upon which the mongoose had just been feeding when it was killed. The worms are fairly well preserved, though the cuticle of the male has been ruptured in one place. The total length is about 14 mm. in the male and 21 mm. in the female. ‘I'he body, especially anteriorly, is flattened dorso-ventrally. The maximum thickness (from side to side) Fig. 6. Thelazia depressa. Caudal end of male; lateral view. a.p., accessory piece ; Lsp., left spicule; 7.sp., right spicule. is 1mm. There are pronounced transverse cuticular rings, with very prominent posterior edges. They are especially well-maiked on the anterior portion of the body, where they are 25-35 w in width (antero-posteriorly). Towards the tail they gradually become narrower and less prominent. There is a wide and shallow mouth-capsule with very thick cuticular walls (fig. 5, m.c.), but without teeth. It measures 0-04 mm. in depth and 0°05-0°06 mm. in width. The mouth 290 Mr. H. A. Baylis on some is surrounded by papille, of which two are lateral (fig. 5, Lp.) and four submedian (fig. 5, s.m.p.), the latter being apparently double papilla. The terminations of the papille are at the bases of small funnel-like cuticular depressions. The ceso- phagus is simple, increasing slightly in diameter posteriorly, and both it and the anterior part of the intestine are very slender. The length of the cesophagus"is 1:2 mm. in the male and 1°3 mm. in the female. ‘There is a pair of very prominent lateral neck-papillz situated at about half the length Fig. 7. Thelazia depressa. Tail of female; ventral view. c.p., caudal papilla. of the oesophagus from the anterior end. The nerve-ring surrounds the cesophagus at 0°5 mm. from the head-end. No excretory pore has been detected. The tail, in both sexes, ends bluntly in a slight knob-like swelling, which is most pronounced in the female. The caudal end of the male (fig. 6) is curved towards the ventral side, and the tail itself measures 0°3 mm. in length. There are no caudal ale. Tle caudal papille are small; there are about fifteen pairs—four postanal (close together), one pair Parasitic Worms from East Africa. 291 adanal, and about ten preanal, in a regular series. Imme- diately in front of the cloaca there is an unpaired ventral papilla. Two very unequal spicules (fig. 6, l.sp., rsp.) and an accessory piece (fig. 6, a.p.) are present. The left spicule measures 2‘7 mm. in length, and is very slender. The right spicule is much stouter, but measures only 0°5 mm. in length. The latter is alate for the distal half, In the female the tail (fig. 7) is 0°35 mm. long and is quite straight. On the ventral surface, close to the tip, it bears a pair of minute papille. The vulva is situated in the cesophageal region, just behind the neck-papille. The vagina runs posteriorly as a narrow tube for some distance. ‘The two uteri run posteriorly in parallel coils. They are wide and thin-walled tubes, containing large numbers of fully-formed embryos, closely coiled together, and apparently not enclosed in egg-shells. The species is therefore apparently viviparous. The coils of the ovaries extend back to within 3°5 mm. of the anus. CESTODA. 4. Ovchoristica zonuri, Baylis, 1919. Host: Zonurus tropidosternum. Locality. Dodoma. The original specimens of this form * eame from the same host-species, from Portuguese Hast Africa. The present specimens do not differ sufficiently from the type to be regarded as a distinct species, but there are certain discrep- ancies which indicate that the species O. zonuri is a some- what variable one, In size the present material is distinctly smaller than the type, the longest complete specimen not exceeding 80 mm. in length, while the greatest width is about 2mm, ‘he worms are less contracted in an antero-posterior direction, and show a considerable unsegmented neck behind the scolex. The scolex itself is slightly larger (about 1:1 mm. in diameter), The suckers also are a little larger (0°55 x 0-4 mm.). The most posterior segments are longer than broad, ‘The number of testes appears to be from eighty to ninety, instead of sixty to seventy, as in the type. ‘The measurements given in the key to certain species of Oochoristica from lizards, in my former paper, should, of course, be regarded as a rough guide only, and were intended as such. It is clear that such measurements must be of rela- tively small value in the case of cestodes, which are liable to exhibit great variations due to different states of contraction. * ¢ Parasitology,’ xi. (1919) p. 406. 292 Mr. H. A. Baylis on some 5. Oochoristica crassiceps, sp.n. (Figs. 8 and 9.) Host: Psammophis subteeniatus. Locality. Mombasa. The material consists of two specimens. The larger of these measures about 3 cm. in length. Portions of the smaller individual have been used for the preparation of sections, but it is impossible at present to give a very complete account of the anatomy. External Features. The scolex (fig. 8) measures 1:0-1'L mm. in width. A rudimentary rostellam is present, measuring 0°5 mm. in O-S5mm. Oochoristica crassiceps. The scolex. transverse diameter. ‘he suckers, of which two are situated on the dorsal and two on the ventral surface, are sunk into the substance of the scolex, and their apertures are anterior. ‘Their outside measurements are 0°3 mm. antero-posteriorly and 0°25 mm. transversely. The strobila is widest towards the anterior end, where it attains a maximum width of 13mm. Posteriorly it tapers gradually down to 0°65 mm. in the last segment. Parasitic Worms from East Africa. 293 The cuticle is less wrinkled than is usual in the genus, and there is little external sign of segmentation, the inter- segmental divisions being marked only by a slight constric- tion. There is no sign of segmentation at all for about 2°5 mm. from the anterior end. ‘This unsegmented “ neck ” measures 0°9 mm. across at the narrowest part. Behind this about one hundred segments can be counted, but the more anterior of them are very ill-defined. ‘The youngest segments are much broader than long. Mature and early gravid segments are about twice as broad as long, while posteriorly the length gradually increases in proportion to the breadth, the last three or four segments being longer than broad. The genital pores are irregularly alternating, and are situated near the anterior corners of the segments. Internal Structure. Tu a transverse section the medullary parenchyme occupies about one-third of the total dorso-ventral diameter. Of the longitudinal muscles, the inner layer, which separates the cortical from the medullary pareuchyme, is the most highly developed, consisting of twenty to thirty bundles of fibres dorsally and a similar number ventrally. Externally to this, in the thickness of the cortical parenchyme, there is another layer, consisting chiefly of single fibres, vaguely subdivided into two concentric series, The excretory system, as far as can be seen in the sections, consists of the usual two pairs of longitudinal vessels, which are situated at some distance from the lateral borders of the segments and nearer to the middle line than the longitudinal nerves. Both vessels on either side follow a very tortuous course. One of them is wider and thinner-walled than the other, but it is difficult to decide which is dorsal and which ventral. Transverse intersegmental vessels cannot be made out with any certainty, nor does there appear to be any network, Genital Organs.—The genital pore leads into a cloaca (fig. 9, cl.) about 0°1 mm. long, with a narrow lumen distally, but expanding into a wider chamber proximally. The genital ducts pass between the two excretory vessels, and (assuming that the wider of these is, as usual, the ventral one) ventrally {o the longitudinal nerve. (This is contrary to the arrange- ment found in other species of Oochoristica in which the point has been studied.) he cirrus-sac (fig. 9, ¢.s.) is of an elongate pear-shape, the widest part being nearest to the genital cloaca. It measures about 0°15 x 007mm. ‘The 294 On some Parasitic Worms from East Africa. vagina (fig. 9, vag.) opens into the cloaca behind the cirrus- sac, in the same horizontal plane. It has a wide lumen for the greater part of its length, the distal portion probably serving as a receptaculum seminis. Just before reaching the female glands it suddenly becomes narrow. ‘The vas deferens Fig. 9. vid. C.S. Ch vag. wit. Oochoristicu crassiceps. Semidiagrammatic view of the arrangement of the genital organs in three consecutive mature segments (from a whole preparation). cl., genital cloaca ; ¢.s., cirrus-sac: ov., ovary; ¢., testes; vag., vagina; v.d., vas deferens ; vit., yolk-gland. (fig. 9, ved.) is considerably coiled. ‘There is no specialized seminal vesicle. he general arrangement of the female organs is similar to that found in other species. ‘The ovary (fig. 9, ov.) is tle most anterior organ, and lies in the median field of the On Young Specimens of Anthenea sp. 295 segment, very slightly towards the pore side. It attains a transverse diameter of nearly 0°4 mm., and is more or less distinctly divided into two lateral portions. The yolk-gland (fig. 9, vit.) lies behind it, and has a maximum diameter of about O-l mm. Between the ovary and yolk-gland is the shell-gland. There are from twenty to thirty testes (fig. 9, ¢.), arranged in a single layer at the back of the segment, in the median field, and not extending forward at the sides further than the level of the yolk-gland. ‘heir average longest diameter (transverse) is about 0°05 mm. Mature segments begin to appear at about the fortieth from the posterior end, There are only about eight segments with fully developed organs before the appearance of extra- ovarian eggs. It is doubtful whether a uterus with a definite wall ever exists—if so, it only persists through one or two segments. ‘The ova seem from the first to be scattered at random in the parenchyme without a definite enclosing membrane. The onchospheres measure about 30 mw in diameter, This seems to be only the second species of Oochoristica recorded from a snake, The other is O. rostellata, Zschokke, 1905*, from Zamenis viridijlavus. The present form appears to be more closely related to O. rostellata than to the various species trom lizards, especially in the possession of a rudi- mentary rostellum, in the anterior position of the openings of the suckers, and in the excessively tortuous course of the lateral excretory vessels. It differs considerably from it, however, in dimensions and in the much smaller number of testes. XXXV.—WNote on Young Specimens of Anthenea sp. By G. A. SMITH. INCLUDED in a collection of echinoderms recently made by A. Loveridge, Esq., at Dar-es-Salaam, G.E.A., are two dry specimens which may be referred to the above genus. Recent reports on collections from the above neighbourhood and from the Indian Ocean have contained descriptions of young specimens of Pentaceros and Anthenea, suggesting affinities with certain known species; but, on account of the lack of a large and varied series of specimens and the high * Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool, 1xxxiii. p. 53. 296 Mr. G. A. Smith on degree of variation known to occur in these genera, authors have refrained from making specific determinations. This tendency of modern echinologists to resist the temptation of unduly creating new genera and species is of advantage to systematic workers. Attention will be drawn below to the tubercles on the marginal plates, and a suggestion is offered concerning certain spines on the actinal surface. In order that the life-history of these and allied forms may be deter- mined, it is essential that the records of all young specimens should be collated, and ‘that a collection be made. of a series of specimens showing the developmental stages. This need is emphasized by the suggestion that some species possess spines only during certain growth-stages. Anthenea sp. Two immature examples from Dar-es-Salaam, G.E.A., 15/1/19; littoral zone. Coll. Loveridge. No, 14. The colour of one specimen is pale yellow and of the other pink, They are approximately the same size, the main dimensions being as follows :— R=23. r=12. R=1°9r. Body stellato-pentagonal. Disc 6 mm. thick, not elevated ; arms 10 mm. broad at the base, tapering to 3 mm. at the distal end, round and slightly upturned. ‘he lophial line is very distinct, and has fourteen rounded plates, the proximal five of which each have a blunt tubercle increasing in size towards the centre of the disc; the tubercles are roughened but not granulated. The interbrachial are is subacute. The dorso-lateral plates may be round or hexagonal, are Jarge proximally, but diminish and become more regular in shape distally; they are covered with well-defined small round granulations. On each side and including the lophial line there are three parallel rows of round plates, extending from the centre to the distal end of the arm. ‘The lophial series reaches the terminal plate, the other two rows stop short at the fourth supero-marginal plate (counting from the distal end). Small valvate pedicellariz are irregularly disposed on these plates, excepting on the lophial line. One specimen appears to have been dead when collected, for the plates on the abactinal surface are much more definite, owing to the granulations having become worn by friction or by the action of the waves. ‘This has made evident an arrangement similar to that in Anthenea flavescens, which in the second specimen is but barely suggested, viz., of a diagonal dis- position of two rows of four lateral plates, leading from an Young Specimens of Anthenea sp. 297 interradial plate to an interbrachial are. The plates are almost triangular, with the bases of opposed plates parallel. Proximally they are about 1 mm, in diameter, but the pair in contact with the supero-marginals is less ; there is a faint fissure between the two rows. ‘The pore-areas are round, slightly larger distally than proximally. All the plates of the apical system excepting the interradials bear tubercles, which here number from one to three and measure less than 1 mm. The central plate is composed of large granules which are heaped close together. There are about thirty-four and eighty-four tubercles on the abactinal plates of the respective specimens, On the actinal surface the @entro-lateral plates are granu- lated, slightly convex, ovoid in shape, and decreasing in size as they approach the margin. There is a distinct row running on each side of the furrow and parallel to the ambulacral groove, extending to the third or fourth infero-marginal plate (counting from the distal end). The inter-oral plate is pear- shaped, and is the largest; several of the plates bear pedi- cellariz. On the whole, the actinal face presents a closely tessellated surface. There is a well-defined furrow on each side of and parallel to the ambulacral groove ; it is closely paved with very small round granules. Lying in the furrow are a number of small pedicellarie with their long axes parallel to the groove. At the distal end of the arm, and on each side of the last two paired infero-marginal plates, are : series of six small blunt spines, which may be the result of the persistence of what was once a second row of adambu- Jacral plates. The actinal distal end of the arm being slightly upturned, the spines would serve the purpose of very effective armature to an exposed part. The adambulacral plates have three or four short, blunt, oval spines, not always equal ; they are largest at the middle, but toward the oral region become short and thick ; here, too, granules encroach upon their sides. There is one series only, and the plates in it are in contact with each other throughout. There are fourteen supero-marginal and fourteen infero- marginal plates; both are granulated and take part in forming the sides of the arms; a well-defined line runs round the arms between the two sets of plates. The supero-marginals are convex and very prominent; at the interbrachial are they rise 1 mm. above the disc, but distally they are almost level. The granulations resemble a mosaic of small plates, are distinct, of varying size, and generally round and slightly convex. Arranged transversely on these plates are one to six irregular dome-like tubercles, the majority of the plates Ann. & Mag. N. Mist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 20 298 On Young Specimens of Anthenea sp. having three; in some they have become fused together and elongated. The tubercles themselves are not granulated, but are developed from the granules, and on some of the plates the process may be seen in various stages of development. At the interbrachial are the plates are wedge-shaped, 3 mm. broad and 4 mm. long, but distally they become broader and square. ‘The terminal plate is small, being about the size of the last paired marginal. Further, it is granulated and may have tubercles. The infero-marginal plates approximate to the supero- marginals, but continue on to the actinal surface also, and are well-defined ; the change in shape distally is well illus- trated in both specimens. The @ranulations are more regular than on the upper series. On the second plate, counting from the interbrachial are, tubercles begin to develop and increase in size and number toward the distal end of the arm; but they are not nearly so prominent as those on the supero- marginal plates. ‘There are no pedicellariz on the marginal plates. The madreporite, which occupies an interradial position, measures 2 mm. ; it is lozenge-shaped and coarsely striated ; the strize radiate centrifugally, very little convolution being noticeable. It is surrounded by a ring of evenly placed granules. The specimens are undoubtedly young examples, and correspond in some respects to the description of Anthenea sp. described by Simpson and Brown (1), and also have certain affinities with Straster tuberculatus described by Clark (2). But the differences are so marked that it is not possible to accept Clark’s very full generic and specific diagnosis as applicable to the present specimens. Keehler (3) gives a very short account and a figure of Anthenea sp., juv.; but he does not refer to the ambulacral region, the description of which is essential to a correct identification of the specimens. The absence of tubercles from the centro-radial plates and from the supero-marginals are points wherein Keehler’s specimens differ from those above described. LITERATURE. (1) Siupson, J. J., and Brown, R. N. Rupmose. 1900. “ Asteroidea of Portuguese East Africa.” Proc, R. Phys. Soc. Edinburgh, xviii. (1910-1912) p. 50. (2) Crark, H. L. 1915. ‘The Echinoderms of Ceylon, other than Holothurians.” Spolia Zeylanica, x. pt. 37 (1915), p. 86. (3) Ka@uier, R. 1910. “An Account of the Shallow-water Aste- roidea.” Hchinoderma of the Indian Ocean, pt. vi. p. 91, pl. xvi. figs. On a new Species of the Isopod Genus Serolis. 299 XXXVI.—A new Species of the Isopod Genus Serolis. By W. T. CaumAN, D.Sc. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) AMONG the numerous species of the genus Serolis, S. latifrons, Miers, stands apart on account of the structure of the uropods, which, as Beddard* pointed out, “ recalls that characteristic of the Spheromide.” Beddard also stated that the species differed from all the other members of the genus in having minute ‘ epimera” separated by suture from the first abdo- minal somite. It will be shown below, however, that these structures really belong to the last thoracic somite, of which no trace persists on the dorsal surface in any other species. The Museum has recently received from the South Shetland Islands specimens of a new species agreeing in these and other characters with S. latefrons. The two species might very well be treated as forming a distinct genus, but it is not convenient to do so without undertaking the re-grouping of the remaining species of the genus Serolis. As a contribution towards this re-grouping, the following arrangement, based on some of the more obvious characters, is suggested :— A. Uropods without endopod, exopod articu- lated to outer margin of the prolonged spiniform peduncle. Tergum of last tho- racic somite interrupted in the middle, where the first abdominal comes in contact with the penultimate thoracic tergum ; lateral portions persisting as a pair of minute sclerites each with a coxal plate Separated by suture: 20 2.5...0- 020056555 Group of S. latefrons. B. Uropods with endopod and exopod movably articulated with the peduncle. Tergum and coxal plates of last thoracic somite absent. a. Tergum of penultimate thoracic somite Complete g esses os vera see hae s nocware Group of S. paradowa. b. Tergum of penultimate thoracic somite interrupted in the middle, so that the first abdominal comes in contact with the antepenultimate thoracic tergum .. Group of S. tuberculata, The first of these groups will contain, in addition to S. latifrons, only the new species described below. The group of S. tuberculata comprises the six Australian species * Rep. [sopoda ‘ Challenger,’ pt. 1, 1884, p. 46. 300 Dr. W. T. Calman on a new named by Beddard (7. c. pp. 66 and 81) as forming “a well- marked subdivision of the genus,” together with S. bakerd, recently described by Chilton*. The group of S. paradowa includes all the remaining species of the genus, and will no doubt be found to deserve further subdivision. Studer +, who describes the uropods of S. latifrons in detail, regards the distal portion of the appendage as corre- sponding to the acute prolongation of the peduncle in S. para- doxa and other species, and states that one of the rami is suppressed while the other is reduced and spiniform. This interpretation (with the added assumption that the persisting ramus is the exopodite) is adopted here in preference to that of Beddard, who states that ‘‘ the endopodite becomes fused with the protopodite and is extraordinarily elongated.” Beddard states that in S. latifrons “the first abdominal segment, which in no other species of Serolis known to me has any trace of epimera, has distinct though very minute epimera separated from the tergum by a suture which is continuous with that dividing the epimeron and tergum of the segment in front.” The existence of distinct ‘ epimera” (or coxal plates) on an abdominal somite would be without parallel not only in the genus Serolis, but among the Isopoda as a whole. As a matter of fact, the parts in question are quite similar in S. late/rons to those of the new species here described (text-fig. 2). A small sclerite (b), rounded or triangular in form, lies in contact with the external angle of the tergum of the first abdominal somite on each side. Separated from this sclerite by a groove or suture is a nar- rowly triangular or almost linear piece (a) wedged in between the terga of the first abdominal and the seventh (penultimate) thoracic somites. On disarticulating a specimen these two sclerites are easily separated from the first abdominal somite, and they are then seen to be continuous below with the sternal piece which carries tle socket for the last pair of legs. There can be no doubt that the outer of the two sclerites (6) is the coxal plate of the last thoracic somite, and that the narrow piece (a) with which it is connected on the inner side is a vestige of the tergum. of the same somite. This persistence of the lateral portions of the tergum is an interesting parallel to what happens in the case of the seventh (penultimate) thoracic tergum in the species of the ¢tuberculata group, although in that case the lateral portions and their associated coxal plates remain of large size. * Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Australia, xli. 1917, p. 398. + Arch. Naturg. xlv. (1) 1879, p. 31. Species of the Isopod Genus Serolis. 301 Descriptions of species of Serol’s, even those of some recent authors, tend to be obscure or even misleading as regards the general segmentation of the body. Grube*, describing in certain species a dark transverse line (really a ridge) on the lateral expansions of the segment following the head, regarded it as indicating that this sezment was composed of two somites, those of the maxillipeds and first legs (or gnathopods) respectively. On this view the groove or suture-line which marks off the head runs between the maxillary somite and that of the maxillipeds. This interpretation was accepted and clearly enunciated by Beddard (J. c. p. 8), and 1s more obscurely implied by many subsequent writers. Gerstaecker T confused matters still further by assigning the maxillipeds to the head while stating that the two following somites were fused together—an opinion that had the advantage of ac- counting for the full number of thoracic terga, but could hardly have survived the examination of a single specimen. As a matter of fact, in Serolis, as in all other Malacostraca with the exception of Bathynellat, the first thoracic somite (that of the maxillipeds) is completely incorporated in the head. The articulation between the head and the second thoracic somite, which in most Isopods is more or less movable, is represented in Serolis by a suture-line which corresponds, at the sides of the head, to a deep fold of the exoskeleton, but in the occipital region becomes reduced to a shallow groove. Grube’s “dunkle Querlinie,” whatever its significance, cannot possibly indicate the limit between two somites. The chief differences between the two species composing the lati/rons group may be briefly set forth as follows :— Dorsal surface of head and hbody-somites neariy smooth. Telsonic segment smooth except for a median and a pair of curved submarginal OMES) Cae ooraneUOOn etc Se coperedes Sixes ... SS. latifrons, Miers, Dorsal surface of head and body-somites strongly sculptured. Telsonic segment studded with tubercles between the median and submarginal ridges and with a pair of short submedian Ble OSM east hes ties cvepe seis SielgleS aeie sleel ais dtev'sishsey Sn 0Cdaardl, sp, Th Serolis beddardi, sp.n. (Text-figs. 1-3.) Locality“ From stomachs of fish (Trematomus or Noto- thenia). Deception Island, Bransfield Straits, 5-7 fath. 22, 1. 18," 1.9 (holotype), 1 ¢. * Arch. Naturg. xli. (1) 1875, p. 211. t+ Bronn’s ‘ Thierreich,’ Crustacea, p. 19 (1880). J Calman, Quart. Journ. Mier. Sci. lxii. 1917, p. 502. 302 Dr. W. JT’. Calman on a new “FHrom stomachs of fish. South Shetlands. 5. 1. 14.” Many specimens (dried). “ From stomachs of Rock Cod. Outside Deception Island, Bransfield Straits. 18.12.13.” Many specimens. Collected by Mr. A. G. Bennett. In each case the speci- mens were accompanied by numbers of S. polita, Pfeffer. Description.—Closely resembling S. latifrons, Miers, but with the dorsal surface strongly sculptured. The body is Serolis beddardi, sp. n., female. xX 3. less convex and, as a rule, somewhat narrower. Dorsal surface of head, terga of thoracic and abdominal somites, and, to a less extent, the coxal plates rugose or vermiculate with a more or less symmetrical pattern. The coxal plates, especially those of the last three complete thoracic somites, much less produced backwards and less acute than in S. /ati- Jrons, although with some variation in both species. The pit on the under surface of each side-plate of the second thoracic somite (Grube’s “ sense-organ”’) is deep and sharply apenas Species of the Isopod Genus Serolis. 303 defined; the arched outer margin of this side-plate is minutely serrated, and, like the margins of the succeeding coxal plates, is fringed with long setee. The telsonic segment (text-fig. 2) is rather broader and its lateral margins more sinuous than in S. latifrons. The median keel, with a marked pit near its anterior end where it unites with a short curved transverse ridge, is similar in the two species. The submarginal ridge on each side also runs a similar course in both, parallel to the front margin ante- riorly, then curving round to run parallel to the lateral margin, but it is more sharply defined in the new species, and, Fig. 2. Serolis beddardi, sp. n., female. Posterior part of body, further enlarged. a, vestige of tereum of eighth thoracic somite ; 4, coxal plate of same somite ; G; tergum of first abdominal somite. in the anterior part of its course, it is undercut posteriorly On either side of the median keel, behind the middle of the segment, is a pair of short, somewhat irregular, submedian ridges, converging posteriorly. Between the ridges the surface is studded with prominent widely-spaced tubercles or oranules. The appendages differ very little from those of S. latifrons. The distal segments of the walking-legs are rather less slender. - Although there is some variation in the relative length of 304 On a new Species of the Isopod Genus Serolis. the exopod of the uropods, it is usually about one-fifth of the total length of the appendage. Studer figures it in S, lati- frons®* as about one-third of the total length, but in the specimens which I have examined it does not differ con- spicuously from that of S. beddardt. Measurements in mm.—Holotype (female with empty marsupium): length 23°76, breadth (across third thoracic somite) 16°5, depth of body about 6°25 ; telsonic segment, leneth 7:5, breadth 12:5. Male: length 22-0, breadth 16°75, depth about 5:25. The largest specimen (a female) measures 25 mm., the smallest 6°5 mm. in length. In very small specimens the sculpturing of the dorsal surface and the tubercles of the telsonic segment are much less marked, but the submedian ridges of the latter are well developed. Rig. 3. Serolis beddardi, Light uropod, from above. Remarks.—If Serolis lati/rons is confined, as seems possible, to the Kerguelen area J, the habitat of S. beddardi is separated by no less than 130 degrees of longitude from that of its most closely related congener. Mr. C. Tate Regan has called my attention to a similar parallelism among the fishes of the genus Notothenia in the two regions of Kerguelen on the one hand and South Georgia and Graham Land on the other f. It seems only fitting that one of the species of Serolis should bear the name of the author to whom we owe the ‘Challenger’ monograph of the genus. * Aych. Naturg. xlv. (1) 1879, pl. ili. fig. 20. + The type-specimen named by White and described by Miers is stated to have come from the Auckland Islands (Rendezvous Cove), but the species has not since been recorded from that locality. As the specimen reached the Museum in a collection comprising others from Kerguelen (e. g., the types of 8. quadricarinata), there may possibly have been some confusion of localities. ¢ Regan, Fishes Brit. Antarct. (‘Terra Nova’) Exp. 1914, p, 36. Periodicals published by TAYLOR & FRANCIS. Published the First Day of every Month.—2s. 6d. nett. THE LONDON, EDINBURGH, and DUBLIN PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE “JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. Goalies by SIR OLIVER JOSEPH LODGE, D.Se., LL.D., F.R.S, SIR JOSEPH JOHN THOMSON, OM, M.A., Sc.D., F.B.S., JOHN JOLY, M.A., D.Se., F.R.S., F.G-S., and WILLIAM FRANCIS, F.LS. 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THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 2 was Edited by _ JAMES BRITTEN, K.S.G., F.LS., LATE SENIOR SARL ONT DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, BRITISH MUSEUM, Articles by prominent Botanists ; Announcements of Discoveries; Reviews ; _ Botanical News and Notes, &e., &e. Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, London. CONTENTS OF NUMBER 33.—WNinth Series. Page XXXII. Notes on various African and Asiatic Species of Hapato- chrus, Er., with an Account of their accessory ¢ -characters [Coleo- ptera]. By G. C. CHampion, F.Z.8. (Plate VIIL)............ a. oa XXXIIT. On Mammals from the Lower Amazons in the Goeldi Museum, Para, By Oxrprrmip Tomas ov nen oe eee weer 266 XXXIV. Notes on some Parasitic Worms from East Africa. By. SA. BAPTISM in 05 5 Sal iels eackaee nei aahe ep Sain te he onan 2835. Sea XXXV. Note on Young Specimens of Anthenea sp. By G. A. SMITH XXXVI. A new Species of the Isopod Genus Serolis. By W. 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Rates for Advertisements i in the ‘Annals and — Magazine of Natural History. - One Sirs tas Swelne ss , _ Insertion. Insertions. . —_ Insertions. - PAGE - - ites yaa OQ 1-16 Oeach 1 12 Ceach HALF-PAGE © ee 3o eee 1 Os OG, qT Bia Me aye, QUARTER-PAGE - £12 6 HS 5, eee IO Oe Rae Metes.. EIGHTH-PAGE - 8 0 7° 0: eet - “8 yee All applications for space to be made to Mr. H, A. COLLINS, 32 Birdhurst Road, Croydon, Bh park ete Nc y Fig. 27, i Hapalochrus simoni, Pic, $; anterior leg. dasytiformis, sp. n., 5; anterior leg. festivus, Er., 3; intermediate tibia. abyssinicus, Har., 3; intermediate tibia. atratus, sp. 0., d; anterior leg. lobipes, sp. n., d; anterior leg. sumtuosus, Boh., ¢; anterior tibia and tarsus. var., d; anterior tibia. A » ©} intermediate tibia. elgonensis, sp. N., GS; intermediate tibia. longior, Pic, 3; intermediate tibia. i 3; intermediate femur and tibia, from beneath, constrictipes, sp. 0., 3; intermediate tibia, malachiordes, Fairm., go; intermediate tibia. uncinatus, sp. n., ¢; intermediate tibia. bilamellatus, sp. n., ¢; intermediate tibia. cochleatus, sp. n., 3; intermediate tibia. spectabilis, Ancey, 3; intermediate tibia. nitens, Gorh., 3; intermediate tibia. clavicornis, sp. n., S; intermediate tibia. dilaticornis, sp. 0., ¢; intermediate tibia, appendicifer, Pic, S$; intermediate tibia. longicornis, sp. D., 3; intermediate tibia. Jissipes, Sp. 0., G3 intermediate tibia. inchoatus, sp. n., 3; anterior leg. is dg; intermediate tibia. azureus, Kir., 3; intermediate tibia. mashunus, Gorh., $; intermediate tibia, from beneath. laciniosus, sp. n., G; intermediate tibia, from beneath. hamutus, sp. n., 3; intermediate leg. letus, F. G; intermediate tiochanter, femur, and tibia. ” ”? and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. 327 fig. 28. Hapalochrus angulatus, sp. n., 3; intermediate tibia. Fig. 29. - triangulards, sp... 3: intermediate tibia. Fig. 30. - constricticollis, sp. n., 3; intermediate tibia. Fig. 31. fs millingeni, sp. n., $3; intermediate tibia. Fig. 32. . fasciatus, F., 3; intermediate trochanter, femur, and tibia. Alphabetical numbered list of species of Hapalochrus enume- rated in this paper; those marked with an asterisk are treated as new. abyssinicus, 15, zerosus, 30. *amadiensis, 52. amplipennis, 65, *angulatus, 47. appendicifer, 29, *armatus, 54. *atratus, 11. azureus, 38. *bilamellatus, 18. *caudatus, 56. *cinerascens, 42, *clavicornis, 22. *cochleatus, 19. *confusus, 55. *constricticollis, 62. *constrictipes, 15. *cyaneonitens, 63. *cyanocephalus, 48, *dahomeyanus, 27. *dasytiformis, 10, deformipes, 2, densatus, 41. *dilaticornis, 25, *dollmani, 58. *elgonensis, 14. fasciatus, 70. festivus, 5. *filicornis, 46. *fissipes, 37. *foveiger, 44. *furcatus, 50. *fusicornis, 26. *hamatus, 45. *ineequalis, 60, *inchoatus, 25. *irregularis, 51. janthinus, 45. kenyensis, 64. *laciniosus, 40, leetus, 71. *lobipes, 9. *longicornis, 51, longior, 3. luzonensis, 68. malabarensis, 72. malachioides, 16. mashunus, 39. maynei, 57. *millingeni, 74. mirabilis, 69, modestus, 66. *mollis, 53. nitens, 21. nobilis, 4. opulentus (17 a), 75. *patruelis, 52. *persicus, 73. *platycerus, 35, *ramulosus, 12. *rhodesianus, 49. *rugosus, 36, *scabrosus, 67. semicupreus, 33, *semileevis, 59, simoni, 8. sjostedti, 6. spectabilis, 20. sumtuosus, 1. testaceicornis, 24, *trapeziderus, 7. *triangularis, 61. tschoffeni, 28, *uncinatus, 17. viridicollis, 54. SYNONYMS AND VARIETIES, ceruleus, 38. conradti, 16. ? cribrarius, 38. depictus, 70, P duvivieri, 38. P erichsoni, 1. goossensi, 43, ? jansoni, 3. *kamerunus, 68. major, 13. martini, 29. moloeunsis, 33, nyassensis, 1. reductus, 1. signaticollis, 1, simplicipes, 6, 328 Mr. R. V. Chamberlin on new XXX VIII.—New Chilopods of the Genus Mecistocephalus. By Raven V. CoamBeruin, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. [Plates [X.-XII.] Mecistucephalus celebensis, sp. 0. CP). TX ties 319%) Body fulvous to light brown, without darker markings or mottling. Head and prehensorial segment chestnut. An- tenne light chestuut. Legs fulvous. Head nearly 1:75 times longer than wide. Sides straight and only slightly converging, subparallel from frontal suture back to the beginning of the more abrupt posterior nar- rowing. Caudal margin truncate, wide. Anterior margin straight, less angularly produced forward than in cephalotes (Pl. 1X. fig. 1). No non-areolate chitinous spots in front of paired clypeal areas, Labrum suggesting that of M. cephalotes, but the median piece somewhat broader, less overlapped toward caudal end, and ang lateral pieces incurving at mesal ends (cf. Pl. IX. figs. 2 & 10). The free margin of each lateral piece incurves more at outer end, where also the fringe of hairs is exposed for a considerable distance, whereas this is wholly covered in cephalotes aud related forms. Mandible with twelve pectinate lamelle, of which the last two are successively much reduced in length and are more membranous (¢f. Pl. IX. fig. 4). First lamella with seven uniform teeth, these stouter than those of the other two lamelle (Pl. 1X. fig. 5). Teeth of ordinary lamelle long at distal end, but from near middle of lamella proximad strongly reduced (Pl. IX. fig. 6). A median lamella with thirty-seven or thirty-eight teeth. Coxosternum of second maxille with posterior angles divergent, acute. Segmental pore large, subcircular. Ectal angles of coxe of first maxille scarcely produced, sub- rectangular or but slightly acute (Pl. IX. fig. 8). Exposed part of prosternum 1°36 times wider than long. Anterior border of prosternum with the usual two rounded teeth. Femuroid with two teeth, both of which are blunt, the distal one the stouter. Two next joints each with a rounded tooth, of which that of the second is obviously stouter, Claw with a small but distinct tooth at base above the ordinary protuberance (PI. IX. fig. 7). Chilopods of the Genus Mecistocephalus. 329 First legs exceptionally small, the second being two and two-thirds longer. Impressions of anterior sternites furcate, the angle be- tween branches obtuse, becoming more so in going caudad, the two branches in some forming nearly a straight line, disappearing in posterior region as usual (cf. Pl. IX. figs. 8 & 9). Pregenital segment with sternite somewhat shield-shaped, narrowed in front of caudal end. Coxopleure with uumerous small pores uniformly arranged, less numerous minute ones intervening. Last legs about two and a fourth times as long as the penult ones. Number of segments, 49. Length, to 60 mm. ; width of first tergite 3 mm. Locahty.— Celebes: Bua-Kraeng, 5000 ft. (Friihstorfer, Feb. 1896). Type and paratypes in U.S. National Museum; paratypes also in Mus, Comp. Zool. at Cambridge, Mass. Mecistocephalus philippinus, sp. un. (Plat xetiee I; PIX: firs. 1-8.) Colour brown, darkened by a dense network or marbling of black, which is also evident in the pleural region and less pronouncedly on the sternites. Head with antennz and prehensorial segment chestnut. Legs fulvous. Head proportionately broader than in celebensis and cepha- lutes, being 1°6 times longer than wide. ‘The anterior margin is weakly bowed forward, less nearly truncate than in celebensis aud less produced than in cephalotes. The sub- lateral teeth or spurs are farther forward than usual (Pl. X. ge). Antenne strongly attenuated, the articles proportionately rather broad, the sixth being typically as broad distally as the length. Ultimate article decidedly longer than the preceding one. Exposed portion of median piece of labrum conspicuously narrowed caudad. Free margin of each lateral piece straighter than in celebensis and cephalotes, not bending in at mesal ends, as in the latter species, and with no live of hairs showing at outer ends. Mandible with thirteen or fourteen primary lamelle. First lamella with seveu stout and subuniform teeth. Mesal margin of mandible below this lamella with only three to five weak serrations below the angle (Pl. X. fig. 4). A median lamella has the teeth of the distal region long and slender, those of proximal half much reduced, though rather 330 Mr. R. V. Chamberlin on new longer than in celebensis; teeth in number near forty-three to forty-five. ‘The abdental edge of the ordinary lamelle has a characteristic obtuse angulation near base (Pl. X. fig. 5). Maxille resembling those of celebensis; but posterior processes of coxosternum of second pair less acute, more rounded, slightly bending mesad at caudai end, the seg- mental pore triangular in outline, a more chitinous median band separated off from the lateral areas. Coxze of first maxillze with ectal angles scarcely produced, subrectangular (Pl. X. fig. 3). Prosternum with teeth of anterior margin well-developed. Femuroid with two teeth, which are subacute and of which the second or more distal is characteristically much stouter and longer, this being a feature by which the species is ordinarily readily recognizable. Next two joints also armed, the tooth of the second the Jarger. Claw with a distinct tooth at base above the ordinary prominence Cel XxX. tie. 6). Second legs twice as long as the first. Impressions of anterior sternites furcate, the angle obtuse, the angle rather more obtuse in the more posterior of the -furcate ones (PI. X. figs. 7 & 8). Sternite of pregenital segment trapeziform, the sides moderately converging caudad, and the plate typically abruptly much narrowed near caudal end (PI. IX. fig. 11). Coxopleurz with very numerous small and very small pores, the smaller ones much the more numerous. Ultimate legs about two and a fourth times as long as the penult. Number of pairs of legs, 49. Length 88 mm.; width of first tergite 3°2 mm. Locality.— Philippine Is.: Luzon: Los Banos; Mt. Makeling (C. F. Baker coll.). Types and paratypes in Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambridge, Mass. This seems to be a common species about Los Bafios. Mecistocephalus nagasaunus, sp. 0. (Pl. X. figs. 9-11; Pl. XI. figs. 1-4.) Colour in general fulvous, more orange-coloured an- teriorly. Head and prehensorial segment dark orange or light chestnut. Head much broadest anteriorly, conspicuously narrowed caudad. Anterior margin obtusely angular, notched at middle. Posterior margin wide, very slightly convex or essentially truncate. Head 1°6 times longer than wide Chilopods of the Genus Mecistocephalus. 331 (Pl. X. fig. 9). Anterior areolated band of clypeal region longer than the paired posterior areas. Sublateral teeth large, acute (Pl. XI. fig. 1). Median piece of labrum not or scarcely overlapped laterally by the lateral pieces, moderately narrowed caudad, the caudal end triangular. Lateral pieces with caudomesal corners characteristically broadly rounded. Anterior edges of lateral pieces when produced forming a pronounced obtuse angle. Margins wholly smooth (Pl. XI. fig. 2). Posterior corners of coxosternum of second maxille acutely produced ; entire region caudad of pores and a broad median band areolate. Pores narrowly elliptic. Ectal angles of cox of first maxille elevated and broadly rounded (PI. XI. fig. 3). Mandible with six lamelle, of which the first has six teeth. Mesal corner below first lamella acutely produced, the margin entire (PI. XI. fig. 4). Teeth of median lamellz all long, not reduced at proximal end, typically near fifteen in number. Antenne moderately attenuated. Last article clearly longer than the penult, but shorter than the penult and antepenult together. Sixth article longer than wide at distal end, in about ratio 5 : 4. Exposed area of prosternum wider than long, in ratio 9:7 Anterior margin with the two teeth normally developed. Femuroid with two teeth, these rather broad, low and rounded, the distal one the larger. Next two joints also bearing teeth, of which the second is decidedly the larger. Claw with angulation at base, but without distinct tooth above this (Pl. X. fig. 10). First leg about three-fifths as long as the second. Sternal impressions of anterior segments furcate, but the branches very short; angle obtuse; branches disappearing caudad as usual (Pl. X. fig. 11). Sternite of pregenital segment broad anteriorly, strongly narrowed caudad, almost triangular, the caudal end rather narrowly rounded. Coxopleurze with a moderate number of small pores, the total number on each side being twenty of which about twelve are visible in strictly ventral view Anal pores distinct. Last legs about twice as long as the penult. Pairs of legs, 49. Length about 23 mm. Locality.— Fiji Is.: Nagasau (W. M. Mann coll.). Type in Mus. Comp. Zool. (No. 2161). 332 Mr. R. V. Chamberlin on new Mecistocephalus medius, sp. 1. (P]. XI. figs. 5-11.) Dorsum fulvous, of slight ferruginous tinge. Legs fulvous. Head and prehensorial segment chestnut. Head widest anteriorly, the sides moderately converging caudad, more strongly so adjacent to posterior corners. Anterior margin widely rounded. Posterior margin broad, slightly bowed (Pl. XI. fig. 5). Head in type 1°68 times longer than wide. Median piece of labrum broadly sublanceolate. Anterior margin of lateral pieces, when projected to meet forming a straight line at middle, curving caudad of ectad at outer ends. Free margins of lateral pieces concave in ectal region, convex mesad of middle, with mesal angles as shown in Pl. XI. fig. 7. Anterior pieces only a little narrower at mesal ends than at the ectal. Areolated area of clypeus much longer than the non- areolated posterior paired bands. Median dividing band rather wide. Sublateral teeth as shown in Pl. XI. fig. 6. Mandible with seven lamelle, counting the much reduced ectal one. First lamella with five characteristically long teeth (PI. XI. fig. 9). Median lamella with about fifteen teeth, all long, the proximal ones more loosely arranged. Areolated area of coxosternum of second maxillz large, the median band very broad. Pores narrowly subelliptic. Ectal corners of coxe of first maxille only slightly elevated, rounded. Sete of maxille as shown in figure. Distal joint of palpus characteristically bluntly rounded, the claw much reduced (Pl. XI. fig. 8). Teeth on anterior margin of prosternum very small. Claw of prehensors exceptionally slender, tooth at base prominent, Femuroid with the usual two teeth, of which the distal is the larger and projects distad of mesad. The succeeding joint bears no tooth, but the next one bears a prominent tooth at its distal edge, which projects distad of mesad (Pl. XI. fig. 10). Impressious of anterior sternites furcate, the branches forming an obtuse angle (PI. XI. fig. 11). Posterior portion of body of type missing, hence the total length and the number of segments cannot be given. Width of first tergite 1°2 mm. Locality.—Solomon Is.: Ngi (W. M. Mann). Type in Mus. Comp. Zool. at Cambridge, Mass. Chilopods of the Genus Mecistocephalus. 333 This is a strongly marked species, readily recognizable by the bluntly rounded distal joint of the palpus of the second maxillz, the form of the labrum, slender claw of the pre- heusors, with absence of tooth from third joint of latter, ete. Mecistocephalus apator, sp. n. (PI. XII. figs. 1-6.) Head and prehensors blackish. Body fulvous, orange in anterior region. Head differing considerably in form from that of monti- colens, which the species resembles, being anteriorly truncate, more gradually narrowed caudad. Posterior margin trun- cate. Head 1°85 times longer than wide. The sete of the clypeal region are sinnlar in number and position to those of monticolens, as these are shown in Pl. XII. fig. 8. The sublateral spurs are stouter and less bent mesad. Labrum somewhat similar in general form to that of the Javan monticolens ; but the exposed part of the median piece has the sides straight or concave instead of convex, and the free margins of the lateral pieces round in cephalad at mesal ends instead of projecting in tooth-lke angles (PI. XII. mete, of. bl. XPT, fies 9), Mandible with a total of seven Jamelle. Of these the first has six stoutcr teeth (V1. XII. fig. 4). A median lamella has twelve long teeth, these subuniform in length. The areolated region of the coxosternum of the second maxille large, the median band broad ; but in this species the non-areolated region on each side extends caudad of the segmental pores. Kctal angles of coxe of first maxille moderately produced forwards (PI. XII. fig. 3). The teeth of the prosternum are small though distinet and larger than in monticolens. ‘The two normal teeth of femuroid present. Of these the more proximal one is low, broad, and rounded ; the distal one is longer and is distally subiruncate. The next two joints also armed, the tooth of the second one the larger. No distinct tooth at base of claw above the basal angulation (Pl. XII. fig. 5). Sternal impressions simple longitudinal furrows, with no distinct fureation. Sternite of pregenital segment trapeziform, strongly narrowed caudad. Coxopleural pores of moderate size, well separated, about twenty-five on each side. Pairs of legs, 49. 334 Mr. R. V. Chamberlin on new Length of type near 35 mm. Locality.—Bua-Kraeng, 5000 ft. (Frihstorfer, Feb. 1896). Three specimens, U.S. National Museum. Mecistocephalus monticolens, sp. n. (PE XID, figs: 7-11.) Dorsum light or fulvous brown with some darker mar- bling. Legs fulvous. Head and prehensorial segment chestnut. Head of the usual general shape, but more strongly narrowed over posterior half than usual. Proportionately long, being 1°8 times longer than the greatest width. Anterior margin obtusely angular, the posterior subtruncate CBI XT igs 7): Clypeal region without anterior chitinous, non-areolated spots. Sublateral teeth curving characteristically mesad (PIECE i525). Median piece of labrum somewhat wedge-shaped, but the sides a little convex and the caudal end notched, projecting beyond lateral pieces. Anterior margins of lateral pieces when extended to meet forming an obtuse angle. Caudal margins coucave in outer part, convex in mesal, as shown in Pl. X11. figs. 8 & 9. Anterior pieces strongly narrowed mesad. In the type the prosternal teeth are present only as exceedingly minute rudiments. The femuroid has the usual two teeth, of which the distal is much the larger, is distally rounded, and is bent distad. The next two joints are armed with rounded teeth, that of the second being the larger. Claw with a rounded nodule above the principal basal prominence or angulation (Pl. XII. fig. 10). The impressions of the anterior sternites scarcely truly furcate, on some there being no trace of branches, but on others very short branches are discernible, these making a more or less obtuse angle (Pl. XII. fig. 11). Sternite of pregenital segment strongly narrowed caudad, almost triangular, the posterior end narrowly rounded, con- stricted a little in front of caudal end. Coxopleural pores moderately large in size and comparatively few in number, about twenty on each side in the type. Pairs of legs, 49. Length of type about 35 mm. Locality.—Java: Gede, 9000 ft., Sept. 1892. U.S. National Museum, Chilopods of the Genus Mecistocephalus. 335 EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. PrADE Xe Meeistocephalus celebensis, sp. n. Fig. 1. Head in outline. x 14. Fig. 2. Median region of labrum, x 195. Fig. 3, Maxille, ventral view. x 23. 1g. 4. Mandible, distal region. x 100. wg. 5, First lamella of mandible. x 315, Fig. 6. Fourth lamella of mandible. x 315, Fig. 7. Right prehensor and part of prosternum, xX 14. Fig. 8. Impression of tenth sternite. x 44. Fig. 9. Impression of twentieth sternite. x 44, Mecistocephalus cephalotes, Meinert. Fig. 10. Median region of labrum, x 195. (Java.) Meerstocephalus philippinus, sp. n. Fig. 11. Ventral plate of pregenital segment with right coxopleura. x 24. PLATE X, Mecistocephalus philippinus, sp. un. Fig. 1. Head in outline. x 14. Fig. 2. Median region of labrum. x 195, Fig. 3. Maxille. x 238. Fig. 4. First lamella of mandible. x 825, Fig. 5. Fifth lamella of mandible. x 525, Fig. 6. Right prehensor and part of prosternum, ventral view. x 14. Fig. 7. Impression of tenth sternite. 24. vg. 8. Impression of twentieth sternite. x 24. Mecistocephalus nagasaunus, sp. 0. Fig. 9, Head in outline. x 45, : ‘vg. 10, Right prehensor and part of prosternum, ventral view. x 45. Fiy. 11. Impression of eighth sternite. x 75, PLATE XI. Meecistocephalus nagasaunus, sp. n. Fig. 1, Anterior region of head with maxilla removed, ventral view. x 75. Fig. 2. Median region of labrum. x 315. Fig. 3. Maxille, ventral view. x 70. Fig. 4. First lamella of mandible. x 775. = 09 Mecistocephalus medius, sp. n. Fig. 5, Head in outline, dorsal view. x 30. g. © Fg. 6. Anterior part of head, maxilla removed, in ventral view, x 46. Fig. 7. Median region of labrum. x 320. Fig. 8, Maxille, ventral view. x 46, 336 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-jlies Fig. 9. First lamella of mandible. x 850. Fig. 10. Left prehensor with part of prosternum, ventral view. X 30. Fig. 11. Impression of tenth sternite. x 75. PLATE XII, Meecistocephalus apator, sp. n. Fig. 1. Head in outline, dorsal view. x 30. Fig. 2. Median region of labrum. x 195. ‘tg. 3. Maxille, ventral view. x 60. Fig. 4. First lamella of mandible. x 380. Fig. 5, Right prehensor and part of prosternum, ventral view. x 45, Fig. 6. Caudal end, dorsal view. x 45. Mecistocephalus monticolens, sp. n. Fig. 7. Wead in outline, dorsal view. x 380. Fig. 8. Anterior region of head, ventral view, the maxille removed. x 45, fig. 9, Median region of labrum. x 195. Fig. 10, Left prehensor and part of prosternum, ventral view. x 45. Fig. 11. Impression on tenth sternite. x 45. XXXIX.—Undescribed Species of African Crane-flies in the Collection of the British Museum (Natural History) : Tipulide, Diptera.—Part I. Subfamily Limnobiine. By Cuartes P. Atexanprer, Ph.D., Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A. [Concluded from p. 44. } Trentepohlia (Trentepohlia) uganda, sp. n. Mesonotal preesentum reddish brown with three darker brown stripes; pleura dark brown; halteres pale; legs brownish yellow, the posterior tibiz with four long bristle- hike hairs near the tip ; wings yellowish with a solid dark area at the cord and another in the apical radial cells of the wing ; abdomen dark brown, the basal segments indistinctly ringed with paler, Female.—Length about 9 mm.; wing 8'7 mm.; hind femur 11°8 mm.; tibia 1]°5 mm.; tarsus 7 mm. ‘Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne dark brown. Head dark brown, sparsely grey-pruinose. Pronotum dark brown. Mesonotal prescutum light reddish brown, with three darker brown stripes, the lateral stripes less distinct than the median stripe ; lobes of the scutum, scutellum, and postnotum dark brown. Propleura reddish ; mesopleura and sternum dark brown, Halteres in the British Museum. 337 pale. Legs with the cox and trochanters dull yellow, the fore cox slightly darker ; femora pale brownish vellow, not noticeably darkened at the tips ; tibize similar, the tips a little darkened; tarsi brown ;_ posterior femora with a serics of about nine small bristles near the base, posterior tibiz with a series of four long, slightly curved bristles before the tip. Wings yellowish, the anal cells more grey- ish ; a broad, almost solid brown mark just beyond the origin of Rs, sending a narrow seam along the cord almost to the wing-margin ; wing-apex in cells /,, R;, and the tips of 2nd R,, R;, and M, darkened, the centre of cell R, being almost filled by a roughly oval, subhyaline area; a dark cloud at the fork of Rie and ies a narrow dar k seam along vein Cu; veins yellowish, especially in the costal region, dark brown in the darkened areas. Venation : | asia .. erenaie Bergroth ; basal deflection of Cu, a short distance before the fork of M. Abdomen dark brownish black, the apical half of the basal segments indistinctly paler brown to produce an annulated appearance. Ovipositor with the tergal valves blackened, the tips injured in the unique type; sternal valves yellowish horn-colour, flattened, blade-like, the tips acute. Hah. Uganda. Holotype, ¢, Northern Buddu, altitude 3800 feet, September 16-18, 191148. A. Neave). Presented by the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, 1915. 57. . Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Trentepohlia ugande is close to T. exornata Bergroth and T. speiser’ Edwards, but is readily told by the conspicuously larger size and slightly different coloration. The wing- pattern of these three species is remarkably uniform ; : T. ugande agrees with T. speiseri and disagrees with T. exornata in having the dark area along the sector almost solidly brown. Genus Lecterta, Osten-Sacken. Lecteria laticincta, sp. nu. General coloration rich reddish brown ; legs very hairy (at least in the ?), the tibia with two narrow pale rings ; wings hyaline with heavy, irregular cross-bands of brown, Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 23 338 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies margined with darker brown ; no other spots or dots on the membrane. Female.—-Length about 13 mm. ; wing 11°3 mm. Rostrum and palpi brown. Antennal. scape dark brown, the flagellum paler brown ; first scapal segment elongate- cylindrical, the outer face with a few ne setze ; the five basal segments of the flagellum are very short and crowded, the first three being united into a fusion- segment ; aistal flagellar segments elongate ; verticils very long and con- spicuous. Head brown strongly narrowed beland eyes protuberent ; vertex provided w mitt long, powerful bristles: Mesonotal preescutum rich reddish brown, indistinctly striped with darker brown and clothed with long semi-erect hairs ; remainder of the mesonotum somewhat similar, the postnotum more orange. Pleura pale brown with a slight greyish cast. Halteres pale brownish yellow, the knobs dark brown. Legs clothed with conspicuous semi-erect hairs; coxe and trochanters pale brown; femora brown with a narrow white ring at about two-thirds the length ; tibiee brown, the tips very narrowly blackened ; a narrow postmedial white ring and a very narrow and. indistinct subbasal ring that is indicated only by a few pale hairs at this point ; ‘metatarsi white, the tips narrowly blackened ; second and third tarsal segments brown, the tips blackened ; the last two tarsal segments brownish black : one or possibly more spines at the extreme base of the metatarsus ; compared with the related L. triacanthos, Alexander, the legs are shorter aud mucli more hairy, this latter possibly a sexual character ; pale tibial bands narrower and much less distinct. Wings subhyaline, heavily and irregularly cross- banded with brown, much more extensive than the nearly hyaline ground- colour ; no other spots or dots on the mem- brane ; the bands are pale brown, narrowly margined with darker brown; costal cell to beyond the origin of Rs darkened ; the first band includes the wing-base in cells R, M, Cu and the outer three-fifths of cell 2nd A, this latter connected with the second baud at the origin of Rs; this band runs almost straight across the wing, near the end of cell M broadly connected with the third very broad band which oecupies the cord; the last band les just before the wing-tip and is connected with the band at the cord in cell lst M,, and narrowly along the costa ; the hyaline areas are thus located as follows: base of cell 2nd A; the largest before the origin of Rs, running across cells R, M, and Cu; the next largest just before the cord in cells R and M, narrowly separated by Se from a slightly more yellowish in the British Museum. 339 area in the costal cell immediately above Rs ; other areas in the ends of cells Cu and 1st A; beyond the cord in cells 2nd R, to R;; a small spot in the end of cell R, ; outer two- thirds of cell M, largely pale ; a large rounded spot near the end of cell Cu, ; tiny white spots before the arculus, at the end of cell 2nd M, and near the base of cell M3 veins dark brown. Venation: Rs short, less than R,; pe stiole of cell WW, very short, but little lone than m; basal deflection of Cu, a little before mid-length of cell Ist Mo. Abdominal tergites yellowish orange, variegated with reddish, the margins cinnamon-brown; pleural membrane dark brown ; sternites orange-yellow ; terminal segments dark brown. Ovipositor with the valves dark hepa the tergal valves broadly tipped with horn-colour, slightly up- curved at the tips ; sternal valves straight, slender. Hab. Southern Nigeria. Holotype, °, Akwete, May 138, 1910 (J. J. Simpson). Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Lecteria laticincta may be readily distinguished from = closely allied Z. triacanthos, Alexander, and L. simpsoni, sp. 1 by the broader bands on the wing and the entire absence of small spots and dots in the hyaline interspaces. Lecteria simpson, sp. n. Similar to L. triacanthos, Alexander, but the wings longer and narrower, with darker interrupted cross-bands and com- paratively few dots in the interspaces. Maie.—Length 14°55 mm.; wing 13°5 mm., its greatest width 3°2 mm. Closely related to Z. triacanthos, from which it differs as follows :— Legs with the pale bands on the femora and tibize more yellow than white (tarsi broken). Wings narrower, the large brown spots on the wings much darker, this effect produced by the much broader dark margins that surround the spots, the pale centres often indistinct ; these large spots are broken up so that they appear as interrupted bands ; the spots occur at the origin of Rs; fork of Rs narrowly con- nected with a large seam along the cord ; a large, somewhat isolated spot at r and the fork of R,,3;; another spot at the tip of R, ; the small dots on the wing are relatively few in number, much fewer than in ZL. triacanthos : thus in cell C there are but six or seven small scattered spots ; none in cell R proximad of the spot at the origin of Rs; only two 23* 340 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies or three in cell R between the large areas and similarly restricted in the remaining cells of the wing. Venation : this shows cell lst M, and all the posterior cells of the wing longer and narrower due to the long narrow shape of the wing. Abdomen with the caudal margins of the tergites narrowly blackened, Hab. Southern Nigeria. Holotype, 3; Ikotekpene, May 19, 1910 (J. J. Sampson). Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). The species is dedicated to the collector, Dr. J. J. Simpson, whose collecting in West Africa has added many interesting species to the British Museum. Lecteria pluriguttata, sp. n. General coloration pale brownish or greyish buff, the head and thorax with a narrow, dark brown, capillary line ; wings pale brownish grey with abundant brownish and greyish dots in all the cells. Male.—Length 28°5 mm.; wing 18 mm. ; abdomen alone about 22 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne with the first scapal segment dark brown, greyish-pruinose ; second seg- ment dark brown; three basal flagellar segments light yellow, the remainder of the flagellum dark brown with long, conspicuous verticils. Head with the convex light brownish grey with a conspicuous dark brown median stripe and somewhat shorter lateral stripes. Pronotum greyish buff, the scutum with a narrow, brown, median line, the seutellum with two brown spots. Meso- notal prescutum with the ground-colour dark brown with three broad, light greyish-buff stripes, the median stripe split for about two-thirds its length by a transversely impressed capillary brown line ; pseudosutural fovez con- spicuous, brown; scutum obscure yellowish buff with the median depression broad, the lobes indistinctly marked with darker ; scutellum projecting, pale buffy ; postnotum similar ; a more or less distinct capillary brown line extending from the suture to the base of the abdomen. Pleura pale testa- ceous with a more or less distinct broad longitudinal stripe most distinct in the paratype. Sternum dark brown. Halteres dark brown, the base of the stem and the knobs conspicuously light yellow. Legs with the coxe pale grey, their outer faces more or less infuscated ; trochanters brown ; i ene a in the British Museum. 341 femora pale brown, more yellowish basally, the tips broadly darker brown ; tibiz similar, the tips narrowly dark brown ; tarsi dark brown ; legs with conspicuous semi-ere@t hairs ; no spines at base of metatarsi. Wings pale brownish grey, the costal and subcostal cells more ‘yellowish ; ; the entire wing-surface is densely sprinkled with small brown and grey dots that are of nearly uniform size throughout ; these occur in all the cells of the wing, but appear to be somewhat more crowded proximad of the cord. Venation showing some variation ; in the type, R, is shorter; basal deflection of Ry, 5 longer ; ; cell lst M, hexagonally rectangular, the fusion of M; and Cu, longer than the basal deflection of Cu; petiole of cell M, longer than the cell. In the paratype the opposite of the above conditions hold ; it may be that two species are involved, but this seems scarcely probable. Abdomen obscure yellow, the tergites narrowly and indistinctly margined with brown ; segments seven to nine more uniformly brown. Male hypopyg cium with the ninth tergite not darker than the remainder of “the hypopygium, the surface dull, the caudal margin deeply bilobed, the adja- cent lobes rounded and provided with long yellowish bristles, Hab. Southern Nigeria. Holotype, 3, esha, March 4, 1910 (J. J. Simpson). Paratype, ¢, Ibadan, November 21, 1918 (W. A. Lamborn). Type presented by the Entomological Research Com- mittee, 1910. 222; paratype, 1916. 48. Lecteria pluriguttata is readily told from its close allies (L. africana, Alexander, L. atricauda, Alexander) by the multiguttate wings. Genus Ciyponopozus, Enderlein. Clydonodozus puncticosta, sp. n. Head black, the front and anterior part of the vertex golden-pollinose ; mesonotum reddish brown, the preescutum with two indistinct brown stripes ; femora dull yellow, the tips narrowly dark brownish black ; wings dull greyish, the costal region more yellowish ; costal al with about ten spurs and cross-veius extending from costa, these con- spicuously seamed with brown ; cord and outer end of cell lst M, seamed with brown ; abdominal sternites margined anteriorly and laterally with brownish black, and with an elongate median dash of the same colour, Female.—Length about 18 mm., of which the abdomen 342 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies includes 13°6 mm. ; wing 12 mm. ; hind leg, femur 9 mm., tibia 11-4 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne dark brown, the base of the elongate first scapal segment sparsely golden- pollinose ; second scapal segment obliquely subglobular ; three basal flagellar segments united into a stout fusion- segment, the suture between the second and third weakly indicated ; remaining flagellar segments gradually becoming longer and narrower outwardly; verticils rather short. Anterior part of the vertex densely golden-pollinose ; between the eyes at the narrowest point a broad velvety- black band enclosing an oval golden median area; remainder of the vertex black, sparsely golden-pollinose ; vertex with a small raised median area. Pronotum rather conspicuous, shiny chestnut-brown. Mesonotal preescutum reddish brown with two narrow, indistinct, brown stripes, one on either side of the pale median line ; remainder of the mesonotum reddish. Pleura shiny reddish brown, darker brown on the dorsal edge of the mesepisternum and on the mesepimeron, the latter silvery-pruinose. Halteres pale brown, the knobs darker brown. Legs with the coxe reddish brown, the fore cox darker ; trochanters reddish brown; femora dull yellow, the tips narrowly dark brownish black ; tibiz dark brown, the tips narrowly brownish black; tarsi dark brown. Wings duil grey, the costal region more yellowish, this colour including cells C, Sc, and 2nd R, ; outer end of cell A, more infuseated ; costal cell with a series of about ten or eleven cross-veins and spurs extending from costa, these conspicuously seamed with brown ; dark brown spots at the ends of veins Sc,, R,, and ,; paler brown seams at the origin of /?s, along the cord, outer end of cell lst M,, and the fork of M,,, ; indistinct seams along veins M and 2nd A, and more distinctly along Cu; veins dark brown ; those in the costal region more yellowish. Venation: Sc, and L, ending rather close together at the wing-margin as in the genus; Rs strongly angulated at origin and here sending a broken cross-vein to vein J/ as in C. multistriatus End. ; A, ,3 shorter than the deflection of ,,;; A, almost per- pendicular at origin, 7 inserted at the bend ; A, beyond r about equal to the basal deflection of Cu, ; vein A; bent strongly towards R,,; near its tip, so cell ft, is nearly as wide at the margin as cell 2nd &,; r-m nearly as long as the deflection of A4,5;; cell ls¢ M, rather small, the inner end not conspicuously produced and pointed ; cell M, — oe ee in the British Museum. . 343 a little shorter than its petiole ; basal deflection of Cu, nearly at mid-length of cell lst Mg. Abdominal tergites obscure yellowish, the intermediate segments with indistinct median dashes of brown ; sternites very clearly marked, yellow, the lateral and basal margins brownish black ; a conspicuous elougate-oval median dash that does not attain the margins. Ovipositor with the tergal valves very long and slender, slightly upcurved. Hab. Sierra Leone. Holotype, 2, Kambah, March 22, 1912 (J. J. Simpson). _ Presented by the Entomological Research Committee, 1913. 394. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Clydonodozus neavei, sp. n. Head black, sparsely brownish-pollinose ; mesonotal pre- scutum with two narrow brown stripes ; wings yellowish subhyaline with a very extensive brown pattern, the more conspicuous being a very broad band along the cord com- pletely filling cell ls¢ 4M, ; the costal, cubital, and anal cells are largely brown ; cell lst My long, the inner end pointed. Sex ?—Wing 10°4 mm. Rostrum and palpi pale. Autenne broken, Head black, sparsely brown-pollinose ; vertex broad ; eyes widely sepa- rated above, narrowly beneath. Pronotum reddish brown. Mesonotal preescutum reddish brown with two long, narrow, brown stripes, narrowly separated by a pale median line ; lateral stripes broader but less clearly defined ; remainder of the mesonotum dark brown, sparsely grey-pruinose, especially the postnotum. Pleura reddish brown, sparsely pruinose. Halteres pale brown, the knobs darker brown. Legs with the cox reddish, the outer faces of the fore aud middle coxe dark brown ; trochanters reddish ; remainder of the legs broken. Wings yellowish subhyaline with a very extensive brown pattern, arranged as follows: costal cell yellowish brown basally, about mid-distance between the arculus and the origin of As passing into uniform dark brown; the stigmal area is broken in the only remaining wing ; a broad rounded brown spot at the arculus ; another about mid-distance to the origin of Rs ; a third at the origin of fs ; a very broad seam at the cord, broadened out at the fork of M, so that the entire cell lst M, is dark, this same area sending a seam to the fork of M,,.; a broad brown seam occupies the basal 344 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-fies half of cell J/, passing across cell Cu where it occupies nearly half the length of the cell, reaching the wing-margin at the end of vein 2vd A; large brown clouds along the wing-margin at the ends of the veins ; 2nd Anal ceil brown excepting the basal third; veins dark brown, Venation: Rs almost square at origin ; basal deflection of Ay,; about one-half longer than 7-m ; inner end of the long cell 1st 4, pointed ; r-m and the basal deflection of Cu, mserted beyond mid-length of cell lst M/,; petiole of cell M, about as long as this cell. . Abdomen reddish brown, the apex broken, so that the sex and length are uncertain. Hah. Belgian Congo. Holotype, sex ?, Lualaba River, altitude 2500-4000 feet, November 5, 1907 (S. A. Neave). B.M. no. 1907. 230. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Clydonodozus brevicellulus, sp. n. Resembles C. neavei, but the wing-pattern is less ex- tensive, the band along the cord narrow and not suffusing cell 1st M.; mesonotal preescutum with reddish stripes ; legs dark brownish black with only the femoral bases paler. Male.—Length about 11°5 mm. ; wing 11'1 mm. Rostrum reddish brown; palpi darker brown. Antenne with the elongate basal segment of the scape dark brown, a little paler basally ; second segment dark brown ; flagellum small, the verticils of moderate length; basal two or three flagellar segments united into a fusion-segment as in the genus. Head dark brown, the front and anterior part of vertex golden-pollinose. Mesonotal preescutum reddish brown with a shiny reddish stripe on either side of the median line, these narrowed behind ; remainder of the mesonotum reddish brown, sparsely pollinose. Pleura reddish brown, the mesepimeron and lateral margins of the postnotum greyish-pruinose. Halteres pale brown. Legs with the coxze and trochanters deep reddish brown ; remainder of the legs dark brown, the femora paler basally. Wings with aa strong, dull yellow tinge, the costal cell and ends of cells 2nd ty, Ry, and R, brownish yellow ; pale brown clouds and seams at the origin of Rs ; mid-distance between arculus and the origin of /s ; along the cord, darkest at the stigma and completely tra- versing the wing as a narrow seam, at cell lst MZ, forking and suffusing the veins that surround this cell; a small in the British Museum. 345 cloud at the fork of 1/,,, ; indistinct seams along veins J/ aud Cu; veins pale brown, those in the costal region more yellowish brown. Venation: Js strongly arcuated at origin ; cell lst M, rather short, the inner end only mode- rately pointed and prolonged ; basal deflection of Cu, beyond mid-length of cell Is¢ M/, ; cell M, shorter than its petiole. Abdomiial tergites obscure yellowish, the ends of the eighth and ninth tergites brown; sternites yellow with a narrow, dark brown, median stripe that is but narrowly interrupted at the caudal margins of the segments ; lateral margins of the sternites narrowly dark brown. Hab, Ashanti. Holotype, 3, Obuasi, 1907 (Dr. W. M. Graham), B.M. no. 1908, 245. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Clydonodozus pallidistigma, sp. n. Male.— Length 15 mm. ; wing 12°6 mm, Generally similar to C. brevicedlulus, differing as follows :— Mesonotal preescutum reddish brown with three darker brown stripes, the median stripe eutire ; legs with the femora dark brown, the tips broadly black, especially those of the fore legs, those ot the hind legs narrower ; tibiz black, the bases narrowly paler ; tarsi black. Wings with the pattern narrowly streaked longitudinally, not clouded dud banded as in C. brevicellulus ; costal cell and cell 2nd &, are strongly infuscated and weakly marmorate, but cell Sc is light yellow to the apex, so the stigmal region is con- spicuously pale ; longitudinal veius inconspicuously seamed with brown, most distinct on Rs and ft; ; veins dark brown. Venation: Rs with an interrupted cross-vein as in C. puncti- costa and other species; /¢s and Fs in direct alignment ; cell Ist M, rather long aud pointed at the inner end; basal deflection of Cu, beyond mid-length of cell Ist M,; cell My a little shorter than its petiole. Abdomen yellow with the median stripe on the sternites very distinct, dark brown, passing into black on the distal segments and scarcely interrupted at the caudal margins of the segments, Hab. Uganda, Holotype, 38, Northern Buddu, altitude 34800 feet, September 16-18, 1911 (S. A. Neave). Presented by the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, lyld, 57. 346 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Clydonodozus angustifasciatus, sp. 1. Mesonotal prescutum with three dark brownish-black stripes, the median stripe entire ; scutal lobes dark ; legs yellow, the femora and tibiz narrowly tipped with black ; wings yellowish, a narrow dark brown seam along the cord ; abdominal sternites with a continuous median brownish- black stripe. Male.—Length 15°2 mm.; wing 12-4 mm.; abdomen alone, 11°5 mm. Female.—Leugth 17°5 mm.; wing 12°2 mm. Generally similar to the other species of the genus herein described, differing as follows :— Mesonotal prescutum with three dark brownish-black stripes, the median stripe entire or only shallowly bifid anteriorly ; secutal lobes dark brown; scutellum yellowish testaceous ; postnotum paie yellowish. Mesopleura largely dark coloured. Legs dull yellow, the tips of the femora and tibiz narrowly (1 mm.) black; tarsi brownish yellow, the distal segments dark brown, Wings dull yellow, the costal region more suffused; conspicuous brown clouds at the origin of Fs and the tip of Ry; a narrow dark brown seam across the wing at the cord, beginning at the stigma, com- pletely encircling cell ls¢ J/, ; a brown cloud at the fork of M,,.; in the allotype the base of the wing and vein M are likewise seamed with brown. Venation: Rs strongly angu- lated at origin, at the bend with an interrupted cross-vein to M as in the genotype and many other species of this genus ; R,,; very short, only about two-thirds the length of r—m or about equal to m; inner end of cell Ist M, pro- longed and pointed ; cell M, a little longer than its petiole ; basal deflection of Cu, slightly or far beyoud mid-length of cell lst M., in the type and paratype being at nearly three- fourths the length. In the allotype, cell lst J/, is smaller and its inner end is not so prolonged. Abdominal sternites with the median brownish-black band almost continuous from the base of the abdomen to the eighth sternite, scarcely (if at all) interrupted at the incisures ; eighth sternite black basally, the distal half dull yellow. Hab. Uganda. Holotype, 3, Mpanga Forest, Toro, altitude 4800 feet, November 13-23, 1911 (S. A. Neave), B.M. no. 1911. 198. Allotopotype, 2. Paratopoiype, 3. in the British Museum, 347 4 Clydonodozus anyustifasciatus interruptus, subsp. 1. Male.—Length 13:2 mm.; wing 10°6 mm. ; abdomen alone 10 mm. In the general features of wing- and leg-pattern, this sub- species is very similar to typical angustifasciatus, differing 1u the following features :-— Size smaller. Median preescutal stripe split by a pale median vitta ; abdomen much shorter ; the median stripe on the sternites reduced to short deiicate lines that are nearly their own length from the posterior margins of the segments and almost as remote from the anterior margin ; anterior and lateral margins of the intermediate segments narrowly blackened, the lateral margins becoming obsolete behind at about two-tiirds the length of the segments ; eighth sternite shorter, black with a large, rounded, pale spot on either side, the apex black. Gonapoplyses of the male hypopygium straight, parallel, the tips flattened and twisted almost as in the typical variety. Hab. Uganda. Holotype, &, South of Lake George, altitude 3200-3400 feet, October 17-19, 1911 (S. A. Neave). Presented by the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, 1915. 57. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Genus PseupoLtrmnorpuita, Alexander. Pseudolimnophila rex, sp. 0. Size large (wing of ¢ over 13 mm.); antenne brownish black, the first flagellar segment yellowish ; legs brownish black ; wings with a strong dusky tinge, the cross-veins and deflections indistinctly darker ; a supernumerary cross- vein in cell Ry ; basal deflection of Cu, just beyond the fork of M. Male.—Length 13°5 mm.; wing 13°3 mm.; hind leg, femur 1] mm., tibia 11°2 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne with the elon- gate first scapal segment brown, greyish-pruinose; second segment dark brown; first flagellar segment light yellow ; remaining flagellar segments dark brownish black, elongate, with long verticils. Head greyish brown, the anterior part of the vertex indistinctly yellowish with a large dark mark ~ between the eyes at the narrowest point; occiput brighter brown, 348 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies Pronotum narrowed to meet tle very long, narrow, back- ward prolongation of the head, light cinnamon-brown. Mesonotum light brown, the prascutum with slightly darker stripes, this part of the body discoloured in the unique type; tuberculate pits vot evident. * Pleura dark, the bloom discoloured. Halteres light brown, the knobs dark brown. Legs with the coxee dark brown ; trochanters reddish brown ; remainder of the legs dark brown. Wings with a strong dusky tinge, the costal and subcostal cells darker ; faintly darker clouds at the origin of Rs, along the cord and outer end of cell lst M.; veins dark brownish black. Venation: Se moderately long, Sc; ending beyond the fork of Rs, Sc, a little removed from the tip of Sc,; Rs angulated aud spurred at origin ; a supernumerary cross- vein in cell R, near mid-length; 7 on R,, the distance between it and the fork of R,,3 about equal to the basal deflection of Ry,;; R, beyond r about one-half longer than r; ££ ,, arcuated at origin, shorter than /, before the supernumerary cross-vein ; petiole of cell MZ, about one- half as long as the cell and about equal to the deflection of Ay,5; cell lst My, relatively small, closed, basal deflection of Cu, slightly beyond the fork of M. Abdomen dark brown. Hab. Uganda. Holotype, 3, Mabira Forest, Chagwe, altitude 85C0O-8800 feet, July 16-25, 1911 (S. A. Neave). B.M. no. 19138. 140. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Pseudolimnophila aurantiaca, sp. n. General coloration light orange-brown ; first flagellar seg- ment dark brown with the basal third yellow ; head light grey ; wings pale grey, the stigma pale brown ; /s longer than f,,3; 7 close to the tip of /,; cell Ist MM, small; basal deflection of Cu, at about one-quarter the length of cell lst Ad. Male.—Leugth 6°2-7°5 mm. ; wing 65-8 mm. Rostrum pale brown ; palpi dark brown. Antenne dark brown ; first flagellar segment of about the same size aud form as the second, dark brown, the basal third con- spicuously light yellow. Head dark, light grey-pruinose ; head only moderately prolonged behind. Mesonotum light orange-brown without stripes; post- notum paler, yellow. Pleura pale yellow. Halteres pale, the knobs brown. Legs with the coxze and trochanters in the British Museum. 349 light yellow ; femora pale brown, the bases paler, the tips dark brown; tibiee and_ tarsi dark brown. Wings very indistinetly pale grey, only the stigma indistinctly pale brown, oval in outline; veins dark brown. Venation : agreeing most nearly with P. frugi iw that the basal deflection of Cu, is far before mid-length of cell lst My ; Rs longer than R;; R,,3 longer and more arcuated than in frugi: r on Ry immediately ‘beyond the fork of A,,3 5 2, beyond r a little longer than this cross-vein alone; cell Ist M, small, shorter ean the petiole of cell M, ; cell My a a little shorter than its petiole ; basal deflection of Cu, at about one-quarter the length of cell Ist M,. Abdomen light brown. Hab. Southern Rhodesia. _ Holotype, 8, Mt. Chirinda, Melsetter District, altitude 3800 feet, March 4, 1910 (C. F. M. Swynnerton). Par atoputype, 3, December a 191. Presented by the Entomological Research Committee, 1912. 117. 145. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Pseudolmnophila senex, sp. 0. Male.—Length 95 mm.; wing 10 mm. ; hind leg, femur 9°1 mm., tibia 9 mm. Related to P. frugi (Bergroth) of South Africa, but very much larger, differing moreover as follows :— Pleura more plumbeous ; legs entirely pale brownish yellow, the tips of the femora Het darkened ; wings with a strong greyish suffusion. Venation: 7 considerably removed from the tip of R,, the latter being twice the length of r alone; vein fy running generally parallel to R; for its entire length so that cell 22d R, is much wider at the wing-margin than cell 2, ; deflection of R,,; about equal to r—m ; petiole of cell M7, unusually short, less than one-half cell J/, ; ; cell lst M, longer than vein Cu, beyond it; basal deflection of Cu, at about one-fourth to one-fifth the length of cell lst M,; pleurites of the male hypopygium long and slender. Hab. Uganda. Holotype, 8, Ankole—Toro Border, East of Lake George, altitude 4500 feet, October 20-21, 1911 (S. A. Neave). Presented by ‘the Imperial ‘Bureau of Entomology, I9ld. 57. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History ). 350 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies Pseudolimnophila cinctifemur, sp. un. Head pale yellowish grey ; antenne with the first flagellar segment light yellow; mesonotal prescutum brownish yellow with an oblique lateral brown. stripe; pleura silvery- grey with two narrow, brown, longitudinal stripes; legs light yellow, the femora with a very narrow, dark brown subterminal ring ; wings grey, spotted with pale brown; cell M, small; abdomen dark brown, the sternites more yellowish. Female.—Length about 8°5 mm.; wing 7°3 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne with the first segment brownish yellow, sparsely pollinose ; second seg- ment yellowish brown, the tips dark brown ; first flagellar segment small, subglobular, light yellow ; ; Yemaining flagellar segments dark brown, the distal segments consider- ably elongated. Head pale yellowish grey, the occiput paler. Pronotum conspicuous, pale brownish yellow, the anterior margin concave. Mesonotal prescutum rather bright brownish yellow, with a capillary dark brown median line ; cephalic and lateral margins of the sclerite narrowly dark brown, the latter near the wing-root sending a broad brown stripe obliquely cephalad towards the dorso-median line, the two enclosing between them a humeral yellowish area of a rectangular form with the pseudosutural fovee at about mid-length ; ; scutum brown, the scutal lobes darker brown ; scutellum and postnotum pale brownish grey, the latter with an indistinct capillary brown median line. Pleura in- distinctly pale grey-pruiose with two short, longitudinal, brown lines, one on the mesepisternum, the other near the dorsal limits of the mesosternum ; dorso-pleural membrane likewise darkened ; a silvery-grey area on the sides of the postnotum, in front of the halteres. Mesosternum pale. Halteres light yellow. Legs with the coxe lght yellow, the extreme tips a little darker; trochanters dull yellow ; femora light yellow, a short distance (O 9-10 mm.) before the tips with a very narrow (0°3 mm.) dark brown ring ; remainder of the legs light yellow, only the distal tarsal segments dark brown. Wings grey, spotted with pale brown along the veins ; in the costal cell a few darker brown spots and dots, the more conspicuous at the arculus, tip of Se, and tip of R, ; the largest of the pale brown areas occur at the origin of Rs, at the stigma, along the cord and outer end of cell lst M, and at the ends of the longitudinal veins ; a in the British Museum. 351 series of small brown dots along veins Cu and 2nd A; no dots along Rs except the large one at the origin ; the general effect of the wing- pattern is of a rather abundant basal and apical clouding with a broad cross-bind that is almost as wide as the length of the sector, practically destitute of dark markings, one the series along vein Cu being present. Venation: Rs angulated at origin; basal deflections of R,,; and Cu, subequal ; r—m ehontee ian mM ; cell Ist My rectangular, longer than the basal deflection of Cu, which is meeercd at “ent the middle of its length; cell WM, very small, only about two-fifths the length of its petiole. Abdominal tergites dark brown; sternites brownish yellow. Ovipositor with the valves long and slender. Hab. Southern Nigeria. Holotype, 9 , Akassa, May 5, 1910 (J. J. Simpson). Presented by the Entomological Research Committee, 1910. 222. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Pseudolimnophila varipes, sp. ni. Male.—Length about 6 mm.; wing 7°2 mm. Close to P. cinctifemur, differing as follows :— Scapal segments dark brown, the flagellar segments pale yellow. Head pale brownish grey with a faint brown median line, paler adjoining the margin of the eyes. Pro- notum with a median brown line. “Mesonotal preescutum darker-coloured, but with the arrangement of the pattern generally similar. Mesosternum dark brown. Halteres with the knobs dark brown. Legs with the coxe greyish ; trochanters brownish yellow; femora brown throughout ; remainder of the legs abruptly light yellow, only the terminal tarsal segments a little darker. Wing-patter n much heavier, the pale grey spots along the veins very numerous and in almost all cases large and confluent across the cells ; a series of about fifteen small brown dots in the costal cell ; larger and darker spots at the ends of veins Sc,, I,, Ro, and R;. Venation: Rs shi rter; Ay,3 louger, about equal to the petiole of cell M,; cell Ist My, very small, sub- quadrate, the basal deflection of Cu, inserted just before the middle of its length ; petiole of cell WM, nearly equal to this cell, Abdominal segments dark brown. Hab. Uganda. Holotype, 3, Entebbe, June 8, 1910 (Dr. C. A. Wiggins). 352 Dr. C. P: Alexander on African Crane-flies Presented by the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, TO4. Y42 Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). This beautiful Pseudolimnophila is even closer to P. rhodesie (Alexander) of Rhodesia than it is to P. cineti- femur ; from the former it differs in the coloration of the mesonotum ; the wing-pattern is much heavier, the spots along most of the veins being confluent with one another across the intervening cells ; in the costal cell an almost regular series of about fifteen brown dots ; the venational details are slightly different, especially in the length of the veins beyond cell lst J4/,. The colour of the legs in P. rhodesia is unknown. ‘These three species form a rather isolated group of the genus distinguished by the beautifully patterned wings and the very small cell 1st ME Tribe LIMNOPHILINI. Genus Limnopuita, Macquart. Limnophila distigma, sp. n. Head grey ; mesonotal preescutum yellowish grey with four darker stripes ; pleura with a narrow brown longi- tudinal stripe ; mesosternum dark brown ; wings pale grey, sparsely spotted with dark brown at the forks and ends of the vems ; 7 at the tip of R,; basal deflection of Cu, at mid- length of cell Ist A/,. Sex ?—Wing 8°7 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne with the basal segment yellow ; remainder of the antenne broken. Head grey ; eyes large, the vertex between them narrowe Pronotum pale grey ; prosternum distinct, separating the fore cox, appearing as a narrow, dark-coloured plate. Mesonotal prescutum pale yellowish grey with four darker stripes, the long intermediate pair narrowly separated by an indistinct, capillary, pale line ; lateral stripes less distinct ; scutum and scutellum pale yellowish grey, the lobes of the former indistinctly marked with brown; postnotum clear light grey. Pleura obscure brownish yellow with a rather narrow, interrupted, dark brown stripe extending from the propleura across the mesepisternum, ending as a rounded spot on the mesepimeron ; a spot on the mesepisternum, ventrad of the stripe ; mesosternum dark brown. Halteres dull yellow, the knobs brown. Legs with the coxz pale tn the British Museum. 353 yellow, the outer face of the fore coxe a little darker ; trochanters yellow; remainder of the legs dark brown, the femoral bases paler brown. Wings with a pale brownish- grey tinge, sparsely marked with small, rounded, brown spots, as follows: at arculus; at origin of Rs; at the fork of Sc; at the fork of R,,,; tip of R,, the two last spots forming a geminate mark at the region of the stigma; spots at the tips of veins ?,, 23, 2nd A, and smaller spots at the ends of all the intermediate longitudinal veins ; cord and outer end of cell 1st M, very narrowly seamed with brown ; a rounded brown cloud at the fork of J/,,.; veins dark brown. Venation: Se moderately long, Sc, ending a short distance beyond the fork of Fs, Sc. nearly at the tip of Sc, and exactly oppdsite the fork of Rs; Rs long, strongly angulated at origin; /,,, long, gently arcuated, longer than cell lst M,; 7 at the tip of R, and just before mid-length of R, ; inner ends of cells 3, R;, and 1st Mz almost in align- ment; cell J/, deep, about two and one-half times the length of its petiole; cell ls¢ M, large, subrectangular ; outer deflection of M; a little longer than m; basal deflec- tion of Cu, at or just beyond mid-length of cell Ist Mj. Macrotrichie on the veins numerous, black; on veins R and 2nd A extending to basad of arculus, Abdominal segments dark brown, the apices broadly yellowish, broader and more evident on the sternites. The abdomen is broken before mid-length in all three specimens available. Hab. British Central Africa. Holotype, sex? (Dr. C. W. Daniels), no. 82. Paratopotypes, 2 specimens of uncertain sex, one carded with the type. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Limnophila diffusa, sp. n. Head grey ; mesonotal preescutum yellow with three dark brown stripes; wings greyish yellow with a very pale diffuse pattern ; abdominal segments ringed with brown and yellow. Female.—Length 8°6 mm. ; wing 9 mm, Rostrum yellowish; palpi brown. Antenne with the elongate first scapal segment pale brown, the second obscure yellow ; flagellum broken. Head grey, the region of the occiput more brownish yellow. Pronotum pale greyish brown. Mesonotal przscutum Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 24 354 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies yellow with three dark brown stripes, the long median stripe broadest in front, barely attaining the suture ; pseudo- sutural foveze dark brown, conspicuous ; no evident tuber- culate pits; scutum with the lobes dark brown; median area of the scutum and the scutellum pale brownish yellow ; postnotum greyish-pruinose. Pleura yellow. Halteres pale brown, the knobs broken. Legs with the coxw and _ tro- chanters yellow ; femora brownish yellow ; remainder of the legs pale brown, the tips of the femora and tibiz scarcely darkened. Wings with a greyish-yellow tinge; stigma oval, brown; very diffuse, extensive grey clouds at the origin of Rs, along the cord and outer end of cell Ist Ma, ; veins dark brown. Venation: Sc long, Sc, ending nearly opposite or slightly before mid- length Of Migs Se, at the tip of Sey 3o% at the tip of R, and on R, a little before mid- length of the vein; Rs long, gently arcuated at origin ; R,,3 shorter than cell lst M,; basal deflection of R,,; ca r—m subequal ; petiole of cell M, a little more than one-third the length of the cell; basal deflection of Cu, at or beyond mid-length of cell lst My. Abdominal tergites dark brown, paler basally, distinctly ringed caudally with yellow to give the tergites an annulated appearance ; sternites more uniformly yellowish. Ovipositor with the tergal valves long and slender, gently upcurved. Hab. British East Africa. Holotype, 2, Kericho, altitude 5500 feet, November 1, 1912 (KR. B. Woosnam). B.M. no. 1914. 2. Paratopotypes, 2 2, one pinned on the same pin as the type-specimen of Hrioptera subirrorata. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Limnophila diffusa is generally similar to L. distigma, but is readily told by the wing-pattern and slightly different venation, especially the longer R, which is bent at about mid-length toward the wing-apex, so that cell 2nd R, is nearly three times as wide at the wing-margin as is cell R, ; R,,3 1s much shorter and less arcuated. Limnophila abyssinica, sp. un. General coloration shiny black; legs black, the femoral bases yellow ; wings yellowish, the veins heavily seamed with brown ; abdomen black, the hypopygium reddish. Male.—Length about 8 mm.; wing 8 mm. Rostrum and palpi black. Antenne with the scape black, the first segment very long, cylindrical; flagellum broken. in the British Museum. 355 Head very broad, black, with a sparse brown pollen; vertex with numerous, mostly proclinate bristles ; vertex between the small eyes very broad. Pronotum moderately conspicuous, dark brown ; scutum transversely rectangular; prosternum moderately broad, separating the fore coxe. Mesonotum shiny black through- out. Pleura similar with a sparse brownish pollen. Halteres brown, the base of the stem paler brown, the knobs dark brownish black. Legs with the coxe very large, black ; trochanters reddish brown; legs black, the bases of the femora rather bright yellow, this narrowest on the fore legs where it occupies a little more than the basal quarter, broadest on the hind legs where about a third of the femur is included ; femora rather stout. Wings yellowish sub- hyaline with a rather heavy brown pattern, distributed as follows: at h; in the basal cells extending from C to vein Ist A, lying a short distance beyond the arculus ; an inter- rupted cross-band at the level of the origin of-Rs, consisting of a large rounded spot at the latter position and a still larger, hour-glass shaped mark extending from cell M to the wing-margin at the end of vein 2nd 4A, narrowest at vein Ist A, this band interrupted on both sides of vem M in cells Rand M; the third area consists of a similarly inter- rupted band at the cord, broadest at the costal margin, narrowed behind to the fork of M, continued behind this as a broad seam on the basal deflection of Czx,, which forks, sending a branch to both Ist A and Cu, at the wing-margin ; outer end of cell lst MW, seamed with brown; a small spot at the fork of 14,,,; conspicuous rounded brown clouds at the ends of all the longitudinal veins, those at the wing-tip being confluent across cells R, to 1/,; a large rounded spot at the middle of cell 2nd A ; veins yellow, dark brown in the darkened areas. Venation: Sc ending immediately before the fork of Rs, Sc. at the tip of Sc,; Rs long, straight, forming an acute angle at its origin ; R,.,; short, about equal to r-m.; r near the tip of R, and at about mid- length of the long R, ; basal deflection of R,,; about one- half longer than 7—m ; inner ends of cells R; and R; almost in alignment or the latter a little more distad ; cell lst M, rectangular, the basal deflection of Cu, at about three-fifths its length ; cell 1st M, a little longer than its petiole ; forks of vein Cu about equal ; 2nd Anal vein sinuous. Abdomen shiny black, the ninth pleurites and appendages conspicuously reddish ; pleural appendages slender, gently curved, decussate. Hab. Abyssinia. 24* 356 Dr. G. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies Holotype, 8, Higo Samula, October 30, 1911 (R. J. Stordy). B.M. no. 1912. 329. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Limnophila unijuga, sp. n. Head light grey ; mesonotum light brownish yellow ; a capillary dark brown dorso-median line extending from the head to the base of the abdomen ; femora dark brown with an indistinct yellowish ring before the tips; wings light yellow with a narrow, dark brown cross-band at the cord and small brown spots at the ends of all the veins; Ro,3 short, cell 1; present. Male.—Length 9 mm.; wing 10 mm. ; hind leg, femur 7°2 mm., tibia 8 mm. Female.—Length 11:5 mm.; wing 11°4 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne with the first segment elongate, black ; second scapal and first five flagellar segments bicolorous, the basal half dull yellow, the apical half dark brown ; distal flagellar segments elongate, dark brown; basal flagellar segments narrowed basally, more enlarged distally. Head light grey with a conspicuous, capillary, black median line that is split and enlarged at its anterior end between the eyes ; remainder of the vertex with scattered dark brown setigerous punctures ; head somewhat narrowed behind, but not so accentuated as in Pseudolim- nophila. Pronotum light fawn-coloured, dark brown medially ; prosternum between the large fore coxze narrow. Meso- notal preescutum light brownish yellow with a capillary dark brown median line ; tuberculate pits retreated rather far back to beyond mid-length of the distance to the pseudo- sutural fovez, one on either side of the capillary median line above described; remainder of the mesonotum pale greyish yellow, the median line becoming much broader and darkening into black. Pleura dull yellow, the mesopleura indistinctly greyish-pruinose. Halteres dul] yellow, the knobs dark brown. Legs with the coxe and trochanters dull yellowish ; femora dark brown, the bases narrowly paler ; an indistinct obscure yellowish ring before the nearly subequal dark brown tips; tibie and tarsi dark brown. Wings with a strong yellowish tinge, sparsely marked with dark brown spots and seams, the most con- spicuous being a dark seam along the cord ; these marks are as follows: at the origin of Rs; a narrow brown seam along the cord and outer end of cell lst M,, in the female the in the British Museum. 30a former band continues entirely across the wing; small brown dots at the ends of all the longitudinal veins, at r, at the fork of M,,,, and at two-thirds the length of vein Is¢ 4; veins pale brown, darker in.the brown areas. Venation : Sc ending about opposite the fork of Rs, Se, at the tip of Sc; ; Rs moderately elongated, thé base with a short angulation; R,,3 very short, about equal to 7 or a little longer ; 7 at the tip of Ry, a little before mid-length of R, ; inner ends of cells R3, R;, and Is¢ M/, in alignment ; cell ls¢ AM, short and almost square in the allotype, more rectan- gular in the type, the basal deflection of Cu, at about mid- length ; cell MM, a little longer (male) or shorter (female) than its petiole. Abdomen dull yellow, the outer tergites indistinctly darker caudally ; pleurites of the hypopygium not greatly elongated, Terminal segments of the abdomen in the female abruptly smaller than the others, subtelescopic; valves of the ovipositor slender, the tergal valves a little upcurved at their tips. Hab, British Fast Africa, Nyasaland. Holotype, 8, North slope of Kenya on the Embu—Meru Road, British Hast Africa, altitude 4500-5000 feet, February 13-14, 1911 CS. A. Neave). B.M. no. 1912. 70. Allotype, ?, Mt. Mlanje, Nyasaland, altitude 6500 feet, November 11, 1913 (S. A. Neave). B.M. no. 1914. 498. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History), Limnophila difficilis, sp. n. Antenne elongate; head light grey; general coloration yellow, the mesonotal preescutum and scutum marked with dark brown ; wings subhyaline, stigma indistinct ; Sc, long, 7 some distance from the tip of R,, cell ds, lacking, cell lst M, open by the atrophy of the outer deflection of M3. Female—Length about 65 mm.; wing 7°6 mm. Rostrum and palpi pale brown. Antenne moderately elongated, the scapal segments obscure yellow, the flagellum pale brown; the apical segments of the flagellum are broken so that it is impossible to tell the exact length of the organ, but from the unusually elongate structure of the flagellar segments it is evident that the antenne are of a distinctly elongate type; verticils numerous, scattered along the seg- ment, the longest about equal to the segments that bear them. Head light grey with yellowish setz. Pronotum conspicuous, pale yellow. Mesonotal pre- scutum obscure yellow with four dark brown stripes, tle 398 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies intermediate pair ending before the suture, very narrowly and indistinctly separated from one another by a _ pale capillary line; pseudosutural fovee large, pale ; no tuber- culate pits; scutum obscure yellowish, each lobe with two confluent dark brown spots, the more lateral being con- tinuations of the lateral preescutal stripes; scutellum and postnotum yellow. Pleura pale yellow. Halteres with the stem yellow, brightest basally, the knobs dark brown. Legs with the coxe and trochanters yellow; remainder of the legs broken. Wings pale greyish subhyaline, the stigma very indistinct and ill-defined ; veins dark brown. Venation: Sc, ending opposite the fork of Rs; Sc, some distance from the tip of Sc, the latter vein alone being a little longer than R,,3; Rs rather long, gently arcuated ; R,,3; almost in alignment with Rs, rather short, a little longer than the deflection ob Rid. G46 On cits about, or less ame its own length beyond the fork of Ry,3 ; R, beyond 7, aneer equal to Sc; alone; basal deflection of R,,; and r—-m in oblique alignment; cell M, lacking; cell Ist M, open by the atrophy of the outer deflection of J/;; cell 2nd My, a little more than twice its petiole; basal deflection of Cu, beyond the fork of M, the fusion of Cu, and M; being about two- thirds the length of the basal deflection of Cu. Abdomen light reddish brown ; tips of the terebra broken in the unique type. Hab. Nyasaland. Holotype, 3? , Blantyre, 1914 (Dr. J. B. Davey). Presented by the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, 1915. 128. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). The legs are lacking in the unique type, and it becomes a rather difficult matter. to place this fly generically. How- ever, there seems no doubt in my mind but that the above reference is the correct one. Limnophila malagasya, sp. v. Antenne small, the flagellum yellowish; general color- ation dark brown ; halteres yellow ; legs yellow, the tips of the femora broadly, of the tibize narrowly, dark brown ; legs with an abundant outspreading pubescence ; wings w hitish subhyaline with a heavy brown pattern that is irregularly cross-banded, darkest in the costal cells, paler in the caudal — cells ; interspaces without dark markings. Female.—Length 19 mm.; wing 18 mm, aiding ines ga ap Aat a in the British Museum. 359 Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennee short ; scapal segments dark brown; flagellar segments small and thin, pale brownish yellow ; verticils long. Head dark brown. Pronotum and mesonotum dark brown, the preescutum with four narrow, dark brown stripes, the intermediate pair separated from one another by a pale grey line. Pleura dark brown, discoloured in the unique type. Halteres light yellow, the knobs scarcely darker. Legs with the coxe obscure yellow, the bases indistinctly infuscated, especially the fore and middle coxze ; trochanters pale brownish yellow ; femora yellow, the tips broadly dark brown ; tibiz. similar, the tips narrowly dark brown ; first two tarsal segments yellow, the tips very narrowly brown ; remaining tarsal segments brown; legs moderately long and stout, the seg- ments clothed with an abundant, delicate, nearly erect pubescence. Wings whitish subhyaline with a heavy brown patiern, the wing-base indistinctly yellowish; the dark markings are arranged as follows: a series of about twelve to fifteen spots and blotches in the costal and subcostal cells ; the major wing-pattern appears as about four ill- defined cross-bands, those before the cord paler and con- fluent in cells Cu and Ist A; the band at the cord is broadest and darker brown, extending from before the end of Sc, to beyond the end of R,, including the bases of cells R, and R; ; in the vicinity of cell I1s¢ I, the band is pale brown with nearly hyaline areas near the veins ; this third band completely traverses the wing, ending at the tips of veins Cu, and Ist A as very pale blotches ; this band is connected in cell M with the paler second band which occupies the level of the origin of Rs; the fourth band occupies the wing-apex, appearing as two dark areas at the ends of veins R, and Rs, paler in the other cells, including about the outer half of cells R; and &;, all of M,, the outer three-quarters of 2nd M, and the tips of M; and Cy; a white spot near the end of cell R,. separating the brown blotches at the ends of veins R, and R,; series of a few pale brown spots along the wing-margin in cells Is¢ 4 and 2nd A, along the anal veins on their outer ends and near the base of cell Cu; the white interspaces are free from brown dots; veins dull yellow, brown in the darkened areas. Venation: Se long, Sc, ending about opposite mid-length of Ro,3, Scy at the tip of Sc,; Rs long ; Roy; rather shorter than cell lst M,; 7 on R, about twice its length before the tip, and on Ry about twice its length beyond the fork of Rs,3; inner ends of cells R;, ;, and 1sé M, almost in aligument ; cell M, deep, nearly twice as long as its petiole ; 360 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies cell 1st M, moderately small, m less than one-half the outer deflection of A/;; basal deflection of Cu, at from two-thirds to three- quarters the length of cell lst My; 2nd Anal vein sinuous. Abdomen dark brown. Ovipositor with the valves long and slender, the tergal valves gently upcurved before the acute tips ; sternal valves straight and very slender, acicular. Hab. Madagascar. Holotype, 2, collected by M. D. Cowan. B.M. no. 80. 45. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Tribe HexaTOMINI. Genus Ertocera, Macquart. Eriocera leonensis, sp. 0. Antenne short in both sexes ; head orange; mesonotum brown, the preescutum with broad, shiny black stripes ; legs black, the bases of the femora obscure yellowish ; wings dark brownish black, cell 1/, lacking ; abdomen dark brown, the basal two segments orange. Male.—Length about 12°5 mm. ; wing 13°6 mm. Mouth-parts very small, dark brown. Antenne short in both sexes, dark brown, the segments with numerous, long, scattered verticils. Head orange-red ; vertical tubercle low, distinctly bifid by a shallow V-shaped notch. Mesonotum light brown, the preescutum with three broad, shiny black stripes that almost obliterate the ground-colour ; scutum light brown, the lateral and anterior parts of the lobes black ; scutellum and postnotum hght brownish yellow. Pleura dark brownish black; sides of the mesosternum paler. Halteres black, the extreme base paler. Legs with the coxee black, the outer faces of the middle and hind coxe marked with brown ; trochanters dark brown, the inner faces obscure yellow ; remainder of the legs black, only the basal fourth of the fore femora obscure yellow ; middle and hind legs broken. Wings with a strong, almost uniform, brownish-black suffusion, a little paler in the caudal cells ; veins dark brown. Venation: Se ending just beyond the fork of Rs, Sco a little removed from the tip of Sc,, the latter vein alone about equal to 7-m ; 7 some distance from the tip in the British Museum, 361 of fj, this tip about equal to Ay,;; 7 on AR, about, or a little more than, its own length beyond the fork of R,3 ; inner end of cell ls¢ A/, broader than the outer end, the basal deflection of J/,,, long, indistinctly spurred ; cell Ist MM, about equal to vein J/; beyond it ; cell My, lacking ; basal deflection of Cu , at the fork of M or some distance beyond (oue-third the length of cell 1s¢ M, in cases) ; forks of Cu very divergent, almost forming a straight angle, Cu, avery little shorter than the deflection of Cu,;. Of the type- specimen but a single wing remains, but of the paratype both wings are preserved, Abdomen with the basal two segments orange, the re- maining segments passing into dark brown. Hab. Sierra Leone. Holotype, 3, Baiima, August 10, 1912 (J. J. Simpson). Paratype, sex?, Makump, September 19, 1912 (J. J. Simpson). Presented by the Entomological Research Committee, 1913. 394. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Eriocera leonensis is closely related to E. obscura (Bigot) of Madagascar, but the details of coloration are different. Eriocera pusilla, sp. n. Size very small (length under 6 mm.) ; general coloration dark brownish black; antenne of the male greatly elon- gated ; vertex of the male with a conspicuous globular crest ; wings with cell AR, small, cell W, lacking, cell 1st M/, closed ; ovipositor with fleshy valves. Male.—Length 5-4 mm, ; wing about 7 mm. Female.—Length 5 mm. ; wing about 5°7-6 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Auteune of the male greatly elongated ; when entire probably at least twice the length of the body ; in the unique male, there are but three flagellar segments remaining ; the first scapal segment is pale brown, obscure yellowish beneath ; second segment very small, dark brownish black; first flagellar segment with a dense, pale, erect pubescence and a single spine near three-fourths the length ; second flagellar segment with widely separated spines arranged in two rows, the more distal of these more or less definitely in pairs ; antenne of female short. Head dark brownish black, the vertex of the 362 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies male immediately behind the antennal bases with a very large globular crest. ‘Thorax dark brownish black throughout ; in the female, the scutellum grey-pruinose. Halteres dark brown. Legs with the coxw and trochanters brownish black ; remainder of the legs dark brown. Wings subhyaline ; stigma brown ; veins dark brown. Venation: Rs long, gently arcuated ; R,,; long, almost straight; 7 on Jt),3 a variable distance betore the fork, from about one-half to about twice its own length ; cell Ry small ; cell MM, lacking ; cell 1st M, closed ; Gea deflection of Cli, at, or a short distance beyond, the fork of M. Abdomen dark brownish black. Ovipositor with the valves blunt and fleshy as in H. longicornis Walker (eastern North America). Hab. Northern Nigeria, Nyasaland. Holotype, 3, Zugeru, N. Nigeria, November 1910 GOs: J. W. Scott-Macfie). B.M. no. 1911. 417. Allotopotype, 2, Uctober 27, 1910. B.M. no. 1912. 119. Paratype, 2, } Mi lanje, Nyasaland, April 5, 1915 (S. A. Neave). B.M. no. 19138. 140. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural Ilistory). Eriocera pusilla is the smallest species of the genus known to the writer. No decisive differences are apparent between the specimens from Nigeria and that from Nyasaland. Eriocera nyasicola, sp. 0. Antenne of the male elongated ; head obscure reddish ; general coloration shiny black; legs black ; wings pale brown, the costal margin dark brown ; veins seamed with brown, cell JZ, lacking. Male —Length about 11 mm. ; wing 13°6 mm.; antenna about 83 mm. Female.—Length 15°38 mm.; wing 14-4 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown, the basal segments of the latter lighter-coloured in the female. Antenneze of the male very long, approxtmately three times the length of the body, the third flagellar segment (8°5 mm.) equal to the combined thorax and abdomen ; antennze with the scapal segments deep wine-brown; flagellum black, the flagellar segments provided with rows of slender bristle-like spines that become even more slender, hair-like, on the last segment; these in the British Museum.” 363 spines are approximately equidistant from one another on all the segments ; flagellar segments increasing in length from the first to the fourth ; in the female, the scapal seg- ments are orange; flagellum broken. Head orange, darker in the male ; both sexes are provided with a large globular crest, larger and more erect in the male, more proclinate but entire in the female. Thorax deep shiny black, very sparsely brownish-pollinose. Pleura similar, sparsely pruinose. Halteres black, the base ~ of the stem paler. Legs with the cox black, sparsely grey-pruinose ; trochanters brownish black ; remainder of the legs black. Wings with a pale brownish tinge, the costal aud subcostal cells dark brown; stigma rather small, dark brown ; all the veins conspicuously seamed with brown ; veins dark brown. Venation : 7 on R, about its own length or a little less beyond the fork of R,,3;; inner ends of cells R,; and lst My, in alignment ; a spur at the bend of the basal deflection of M1, ; cell J/, lacking ; cell 1s¢ M, small, a little shorter than Cu, beyond it. Abdomen shiny black, the basal segments brownish black. Genital segment and ovipositor horn-coloured, the valves of the latter elongate, the tergal valves slightly upcurved, acute. Hab. Nyasaland. Holotype, 3, Mianje, January 28, 1913 (S. A. Neave). Allotopotype, 2, January, February 1914 (Dr. J. B. Davey). Paratopotype, 3, with the type. Presented by the Entomological Research Committee, 1913. 236. Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Eriocera tumidiscapa, sp. 1. Antenuz of the male exceedingly elongate ; general coloration grey, the mesonotal przescutum with four brown stripes ; femora yellowish, narrowly tipped with brown ; wings subhyaline, the gostal cell pale brown, cell M, lacking. Male.—Length 10-12°4 mm.; wing 14-153 mm. ; antenna 50-52 mm. Generally similar to H. nyasicola, differmg as follows :-— Larger; antennze longer, in the male more than four times the length of the body ; basal segment of the scape more tumid ; vertical crest of the male still larger and more 364 On a Millipede new to Science. globose. General coloration of the thorax grey, the pre- scutum with four brown stripes ; thorax with a dense, erect, pale pubescence. Pleura dull grey. Legs with the femora dull yellow, the tips brown ; tibize yellowish brown, the tips narrowly darker brown ; tarsi dark brown. Wings paler than in £. nyasicola, the costal ceil much paler brown ; veins not, or indistinctly, seamed with brown. Abdomen yellowish brown, the segments narrowly margined with black. Male hypopygium small; pleurites slender, curved ; appendages small. fab. Sierra Leone, Nyasaland. Holotype, 3, Sierra Leone (W. G. Clements). B.M. no. 98. 20. Paratype, 3, Mlanje, Nyasaland, January 2, 1913 (S. A. Neave). Presented by the Entomological Research Committee, 1913. 236. ‘Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). XL.—Notes on Myriapodaa—XX1V. Preliminary Note on a Maillipede new to Science. By the Rev. 8. GRAHAM Brabe-Birks, M.Sc. (Manchester), Lecturer in Zoology and Geology, 8.1. Agricultural College, Wye, Kent. Mr. H. C. Cuapetow, Lecturer in Horticulture at Wye College, recently drew my attention to a plot of selected white czar runner-beans on Wye Field infested with millipedes. Among the species present I took a pale form, which I have submitted to Monsieur Henry W. Brélemann, and he has been kind enough to assure me that my animal is new to science and to give me some account of its systematic position. In the light of this information I submit the following brief preliminary description :— Proterotulus pallidus, sp. n. Nearly allied to Amstetnta fusca (Am Stein), and in general appearance similar to T'yphloblaniulus guttulatus (Bose). On Scent-organs (?) in Female Midges. 365 Length about 13 mm. Ocelli absent. Body creamy white (2. e. without general pigment), but marked on either side with a row of yellow to reddish-brown spots which are lacking on the five front body-segments. The body is sparsely furnished with relatively long hairs. Types in the Brade-Birks collection. In the field the most noticeable difference between T. quttu- latus and the new species is the paleness of the latter. In T. guttulatus the dark spots which run down either side of the body are very conspicuous, whereas the corresponding rows of yellow to reddish-brown spots seen in P. pallidus are hardly visible to the naked eye. » S.E, Agricultural College, Wye, Kent, 21st July, 1920. XLI.—Scent-organs (?) in Female Midges of the Palpomyia Group. By F. W. Epwarps. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) DurinG the first half of June of this year, while staying near Dartmouth, I noticed on several successive evenings a swarm of flies which I at first took to be the males of a rather large Chironomus, such as C. dorsalis, Mg. On netting 366 Mr. F. Ww. Edwards on specimens, however, I was astonished to find, first that the insects were only about half as large as they appeared to be when on the wing, and secondly that the swarm consisted exclusively of jemales of Palpomyta brachialis, Hal. The fact that only females were present seemed sufficiently remark- able, for, as is well known, these dancing swarms of Chiro- nomide and other Diptera nearly always consist of males only, and are often an essential preliminary to copulation, the females flying into the swarm one by one, pairing, and the pairs dropping out. There was, however, something still more remarkable about these insects. By accident I squeezed one of the flies between my fingers, and noticed that some curious reddish tubes were being everted from the end of the abdomen. Subsequent examina- tion of other specimens confirmed the presence of these tubes, and by careful observation of the insects on the wing it was ascertained that the tubes were always fully everted during flight, the position in which they were held being made out with some accuracy. When the specimens were taken in the net the tubes were withdrawn into the body with amazing pee so that by the time the flies could be examined there was rarely a trace of the tubes visible exter- nally. This, then, was the explanation of the apparent discrepancy in size between the flying and the captured insects. Palpomyia brachialis, Hal. Flying attitude. The accompanying diagram shows the arrangement of the fully extended tubes while the insect is in flight. The tubes arise from openings in the membrane at the bases of some of the abdominal segments. There isa pair at the bases of each of segments 5-7, each tube being nearly as long as three analy ina san eae Scent-organs (?) in Female Midges. 367 abdominal segments, while between seements 7 and 8 there is another pair which is as long as the whole abdomen, each tube being forked near its base, so that there are apparently four long “tubes on this segment. The reddish-orange colour of the tubes is in striking: “contrast to the shining bl: ack body of the insect (P. brachialis is a species much resembling the common P. flavipes, Mg., but with a yellow base to the abdomen, and smoky wings yellow at the base). Examples preserved in spirit were submitted to Dr. H. Eltringham for his opinion as to the nature of the tubes. Although these were unfortunately not fit for thorough microscopic examination, Dr, Eltringham was able to eeu that the tubes were of a glandular nature and provided with delicate retractor muscles at different parts of their length; he expressed the opinion that they were most probably scent- producing glands. It is probable that they are connected with pairing, and serve to attract the fk POR aden vad not observe any males fly into the swarm, and se earched in vain for them by sweeping in the vicinity. After making the above described discovery | examined every species of this group of flies which I came across, and found that the tubes were by no means confined to P. bra- chialis ; on the coutrary, it seems likely that they will be found, when searched for, in all species of Palpomyia and Bezzia and allied genera. Already the evidence available shows that they exist in seven species, with interesting specific modifications. Palpomyia flavipes, Mg., and P. preusta, Lw., show a pair of simple (not forked) tubes between segments 7 and 8, which, like those of P. brachialis, are as long as the whole abdomen ; these species also have three, or ee four, pairs of very short blunt-ended tubes, each hardly | onger than one abdominal segment, between tergites 4-7 or 3-1, In P. flavipes the tubes have a similar reddish- -orange colour to those of P. brachialis, but in P. preusta they are for the most part pale in colour. Another (undetermined) species of Palpomyta also shows tubes, the precise form of which was not properly made out. A slightly different arrangement is seen in P. distincta, Hal., in which species the four pairs of tubes are all of about equal length (about as long as three segments) and quite colourless. In the genus Bezzia I have so far had an opportunity of examining two species, B. annulipes, Mg. (? solstitialis, Winn.), has three pairs of colourless tubes, the pair between 368 On Scent-organs (?) in Female Midges. the seventh and eighth tergites being nearly as long as the abdomen, the other two pairs (between the fifth and sixth and sixth and seventh tergites) a little over half as long. In B. ornata, Me., there is apparently only one pair of tubes, between the seventh and eighth tergites ; these are colourless and not much shorter than the abdomen. The presence of the tubes was ascertained or confirmed in all the above cases by pressing the thorax and base of the abdomen of the flies between finger and thumb. A similar test applied to various species of the genera Forcipomyia, Dasyhelea, Kempia, Culicoides, and Stilobezzia failed to pro- duce any eversion, so that it is likely that the tubes occur only in the bare-winged group. Up to the present I have found them in females only ; they are absent in the male of B. annulipes, the only species in which I have so far been able to search for them in the male sex. Apart from P. brachialis, the only species in which I have observed the females swarming is P. flavipes, Mg. This was at Snailbeach, Salop, in July last, where a few females were observed swarming with male mayflies of the genus Baétis, on which the Palpomyia were preying (see Ent. Month. Mag., Sept. 1920). Although the suggestion may seem fanciful, it is perhaps within the bounds of possibility that in this case the tubes were of advantage on account of their slight resem- blance to the tails of the mayflies, thus rendering them more easy of capture. The possibility of this is somewhat increased by the fact that in this species I have also observed the males swarming in the normal manner. Whether the more elabo- rate tubes of P. brachialis have been developed through the addition of some sexual function, or whether (more probably, perhaps) the function is connected with sex in all cases, can only be determined by careful observation of the habits of allied species. So far as I am aware, eversible tubes have not hitherto been found in any Chironomid, nor in the female of any insect. They are, of course, well-known in the males of some Lepidoptera and Trichoptera, and M. Tonnoir has recently described them in certain species of moth-flies of the genus Pericoma. In none of tliese cases are the tubes situated at the end of the abdomen as they are in Palpomyia and Bezzia. On new Species of Curculionids from Africa. 369 XLII.—On new Species of Curculionidee from Africa. By Guy A. K. Marsuatt, D.Sc., C.M.G. [Plate XTIL] Tur types of all the species described below will be deposited in the British Museum. The terminology used in describing the male genitalia is that proposed by Dr. David Sharp, F.R.S. (Trans. Ent, Soc. Lond. 1918, pp. 209-222). Subfamily bracwyprEriv2. L[phisomus swynnertoni, sp. n. d. Black, with the following markings formed of cream- coloured scales : a narrow median stripe on the prothorax ; a broad stripe on each elytron approximately between striz 2 and 5 from the base to beyond the middle, and a lateral one from behind the shoulder to the middle of the side- margin. Legs red-brown, with all the tarsi and the apices of the front femora and tibize black. @. Black, fairly densely and uniformly clothed with grey or sandy scaling, having a greenish or coppery reflection ; the male pattern often faintly indicated, owing to the scaling being thinner from the base to the middle along the suture and between strize 5 and 6 ; sometimes coloured lke the @. 3 ¢. Head closely and coarsely punctate, the scaling much more sparse in the ¢ than in the ? ; the forehead flat, with the punctures longitudinally confluent and with a central stria which is continuous with, but much narrower and shallower than, the furrow on the rostrum; the eyes rather strongly convex, the space between them much greater than the length of an eye (5:3). Rostrum much longer than the head, parallel-sided from the base to beyond the middle, gently dilated at the apex, with a broad deep median furrow and two carinze on each side of it; the impressed spaces adjoining the carine longitudinally strio- late, and a shallow lateral impression in front of the eye. Antenne with the scape only slightly exceeding the anterior margin of the eye; the funicle with joint 1 half as long again as 2, joints 3-7 subequal and slightly transverse. Prothorax a little broader than long, the sides moderately Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol, vi. 2D 370 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on new and regularly rounded (rather more strongly in the ¢), not constricted near the base; the basal margin distinctly carinate and broader than the apex; the upper surface closely set with low shiny granules, without any median furrow, rather flattened on the disk, the dorsal outline being almost level ; the scaling much denser in the ? than in the 3. lytra elliptical in ¢, broader in 2 and more sharply acuminate behind, the basal margin truncate and strongly carinate, the basal angles not projecting forwards, the apices separately pointed ; the shallow striz with very shallow separated punctures, which are almost concealed on the apical half when the scaling is dense; the intervals almost flat, finely rugulose, with a low humeral prominence at the basal junction of intervals 7-9 in the ?, evanescent in the g ; the short subrecumbent scale-like setee irregularly placed, very dense where scaling is present and much more sparse on the bare areas. Legs with the front femora only slightly thicker than the others in both sexes ; all the tibiz denticulate on the inner edge, the front pair with the outer edge not curved at the apex in the ¢. Length 9-12 mm., breadth 3°5-5°5 mm. S. Ruopesta: outskirts of Chirinda Forest, 4060 ft., Melsetter district, 1906 (C. F. MW. Swynnerton). Described from twenty-eight specimens. Differs from all the previously described species in having no median thoracic furrow, and in the numerous irregular setee on the elytra. Iphisomus manicanus, sp.n. (Pl. XIII. fig. 6.) 3 2. Very closely allied to J. swynnertoni, sp. n., and differing from it only in the following poimts :— The prothorax with a rounded spot of pale scales on each side near the apical margin ; the legs much darker in colour, the front tibize being entirely black. Head with the eyes more convex, the forehead less striolate and without any median stria. Rostrum much longer in proportion, especially in the ¢, the median furrow narrower and _ shallower. Antenne with the scape appreciably longer, but joint 2 of the funicle shorter (about half as long as joint 1, instead of two-thirds), and the club more sharply acuminate. Pro- thorax with the sides much more strongly rounded, especially in the ¢, the dorsal outline sloping forwards. Length 11 mm., breadth 4 mm. PortucuEse EK, Arrica: 1 6,1 ¢, Amatonga’s, Manika, ee eee ee ee ee EE ———————— ie —arese te SO a te wt ee chet gills a ate Species of Curculionidee from Africa. STL 1906 (type); 2 $d, 1 2, Valley of Kola R., 1500- 2000 ft., E. of Mt. Chiperone, iv. 1913 (Dr. S. A. Neave). In all Dr. Neave’s specimens there is an additional large pale patch on the apical declivity of each elytron (var. excla- mationis, noy.). Protostrophus mucronatus, sp. ni. 3 ?. Colour piceous, with dense sandy and ash-grey scaling, more or less mottled with dark brown ; sometimes the paler scales and occasionally all of them are coppery brown ; the prothorax with a sharply defined, broad, dark brown lateral stripe which is invisible from above and is continued on to the inflexed margins of the elytra as a more or less indefinite stripe. Head separated from the rostrum by a short, slightly curved, transverse stria ; the forehead gently convex trans- versely, with a very short median stria uniting with the transverse one and hardly extending to the centre of the forehead, and set with obliquely raised spatulate sete, the shallow confluent punctation being entirely hidden by dense circular sealing ; the scales on the gular region sparse and narrow ; the eyes moderately prominent, deepest slightly behind the middle, the orbit narrow and not projecting on the posterior edge. Rostrum a little shorter than its basal width, the sides slightly sinuate ; the dorsum plane, with a shallow median impression containing a mere trace of a carina; the scales on the mandibles elongate; the gene broadly impressed. Antenne setose and not squamose ; the scape slender and abruptly clavate ; the funicle with joint 1 nearly twice as long as 2, the remainder bead-like and trans- verse, 7 the broadest. Prothorax moderately transverse (4:3), broadest in the middle, the sides strongly and evenly rounded, not emarginate behind the eyes ; the apical margin gently convex dorsally, oblique at the sides; the base as broad as the apex, slightly rounded and scarcely marginate ; the very shallow confluent punctation entirely hidden by the scaling, with a very narrow bare median line ; the upper surface strongly convex transversely and set with short suberect spatulate sete. Hlytra comparatively narrow, subelliptical, broadest about the middle, the base deeply sinuate; the strize shallow, the punctures in them only faintly indicated through the scaling and each containing a minute white seta, the intervals slightly convex and each bearing a row of erect spatulate setz ; the scales very 25* 372 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on new closely contiguous, subcircular and larger than those on the pronotum, Legs rather stout; all the tibiz finely denti- culate internally and with a well-marked apical mucro, that on the middle pair being longer than the others ; the hind corbels bare, narrowly enclosed, the upper edge distinctly angulate at its base. Sternwn with the front coxe very close to the gular margin. The @ narrower than the ?, the prothorax slightly less transverse, the legs (especially the femora) distinctly stouter, and the last ventral segment more broadly rounded behind, and with a small median i impression at the apex. Length 8-4 mm., breadth 1:25-2 mm. S. Ruopresta : Salisbury (GAs ee) Described from 15 3 So and 8 9 ?. Closely allied to P. (Strophosomus) setifer, Fhs., in which the prothorax is much less strongly rounded at the sides, the base and apex are truncate, and the lateral stripe is grey and not dark brown, while the legs are more slender. Protostrophus terrenus, sp. 0. 3d ?. Colour black, densely clothed with contiguous subcircular scales, which are usually sandy-brown, with indistinct mottling of darker brown, especially towards the sides and apex of the elytra; the pronotum with two very faint darker stripes and a more distinct ove on the side of the prosternum. Sometimes the upper surface is almost uniformly grey. Head separated from the rostrum by a very deep bisinuate furrow ; the forehead almost flat, with a broad and deep median furrow extending to behind the eyes, and set with subrecumbent flattened sete ; the eyes very prominent and strongly produced backwards, deepest distinctly behind the middle, the orbits fairly broad and very slightly projecting on the posterior edge ; the gular area densely clothed with broad scales. Rostrum evidently shorter than its basal width, the sides straight and quite vertical, the upper sur- face entirely flat, except for an indistinct scale-covered median costa; the mandibles sparsely covered with small round scales; the gene ouly shallowly impressed. Antenne setose ; the scape slender and abenply clavate ; the funicle with joint 1 half as long again as 2, the Heavies. about as long as broad. Prothor ax much broader than long (5:8), broadest a little behind the middle; the sides strongly rounded, emarginate behiud the eyes and constricted at the Species of Curculionide from Africa. 373 base ; the apical margin gently arcuate dorsally and very oblique at the sides ; the basal margin not broader than the apical, very slightly ‘arcuate, almost truncate, with a deeply impressed transverse line close to the edge ; ; the dorsum strongly convex transversely and slightly so longitudinally, the apex being lower than the base; the coriaceous sculpturing hidden by the scaling, except along a slightly raised median line, which extends from the basal stria to a little distance behind the apex; the flattened setze recumbent. lytra broadly ovate, widest about the middle, rather broadly rounded behind, the dorsal outline almost flat, the basal margin sinuate ; the striz very shallow, but the punctures deep and distinctly visible through the scaling; each interval with a row of numerous curved, or slightly raised, flattened setee ; the scales not larger than those on the pronotum. Legs with the tibize not denticulate internally, the apical mucro inconspicuous, the front pair with the apical teeth stout and extending a short distance up the external edge, the hind pair with the corbels dis- tinctly enclosed, bare, the upper edge angulate at its base. Sternum with the front coxe in the middle of the prosternum, the centro-sternal piece forming a small tubercle. The ¢ smaller than the ? aa a little narrower, and the last ventral segment shghtly shorter. Length 3° 55 mm., breadth 1°6-2°25 mm. S. eae Buluwayo, xii. 1903 (G. A. K. M.). Very similar in appearance to P. (Strophosomus) conveai- collis, Fhs., but in that species there is a median furrow on the prouotum and at the apex of the rostrum. So far as is known at present, Southern Rhodesia appears to be the northern limit of the genus Protostrophus. ‘The present species was the only one met with at Buluwayo, and P. mucronatus was the only species found at Salisbury during many years’ collecting. Further south the species are numerous, but I have seen none from the western districts of the Cape Province. Protostrophus carinirostris, sp. 0. @. Colour black, densely clothed with small, almost round scales, slightly overlapping in parts, those on the pronotum being distinctly larger than those on the elytra. Scaling on head and rostrum grey, with the costae brownish ; pronotum grey, with a broad median brown stripe ; elytra mottled wlth fawn, grey, and brown, interval 1 entirely sa 374 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on new interval 3 with a more conspicuous grey spot behind the middie, and a similar one a little in front of 1t on interval 5; lower surface grey. Head separated from the rostrum by a gently curved furrow, almost plane between the eyes, with a very broad and deep median furrow ascending to the vertex, flanked by a low costa and two more on each side of it (sometimes traces of a third) ; eyes very prominent and strongly pro- duced backwards, deepest well behind the middle, the orbit narrow and not projecting behind. Rostrum a little shorter than its basal width, the lateral dorsal edges distinctly sinuate behind the antenne and rather overhanging the sides; the dorsum strongly tricarinate, the outer carine nearer at the base to the median one than to the sides, and gradually curving outwards to join the lateral margins above the antennz ; the gene rather broadly and deeply impressed. Antenne piceous, rather densely squamose ; the funicle with joint 1 about one-fourth longer than 2, the remainder bead- hike, 3 a little longer than broad, 4 to 6 about as long as broad, 7 broader and transverse. Prothorax twice as broad as long, widest about the middle, the sides strongly rounded and deeply constricted close to the apex ; the base arcuate, scarcely marginate, and much broader than the apex, which is shallowly sinuate dorsally and vertical at the sides ; the rather rugose sculpture of the upper surface is hardly noticeable through the scaling, and a fine bare median carina runs from the base almost to the apex; the narrow flattened sete entirely recumbent. Ta Envernada. A small species of a pale pinkish colour, very like a pale Evotomys. Size decidedly less than in the last species, the teeth in particular very much smaller, Fur rather thin, hairs of back 8-9 mm. in length. General colour above greyish, washed on back with cinnamon or buffy of various intensity ; the head, nape, and sides more greyish. Under surface washed with pale buffy, the bases of the hairs slaty. Hars greyish or buffy, darker on the proectote, more whitish on the proximal part of the metentote, which is darker terminally ; a whitish or buffy patch on the side of the head behind their bases ; these whitish marks on and behind the ears form an obvious characteristic of the species. Hands and feet white or buffy white. Tail about as long as the body without the head, brown or buffy brown above, whitish or pale buffy below. Skull of normal shape. Supraorbital edges squared. Palatal foramina reaching to the level of the first third of m’. Bullee fairly large. Dimensions :— Of the type: head and body 92 mm.; hind foot 19. Of the largest of Sr. Budin’s specimens, measured in the " flesh: head and body 96 ; tail 66; hind foot 19; ear 13. Skull (type): greatest length 24 ; condylo-incisive length 22; zygomatic breadth 12°5; nasals 8°4 ; interorbital breadth 4-2; breadth of brain-case 11°7; palatilar length 10; palatal foramina 5°2 ; upper molar series 3°8. Hab. (of type). Puente del Inca, Andes of Mendoza. Alt. 10,000’. Type. Adult, but not old, female. B.M. no. 98. 3. 21. 5. Original number 3. Col lected January 1897 by Philip Gosse. Presented by HE. A. Fitzgerald. Three specimens from the type-locality, two from “Las Vacas, in the same district, alt. 2500 m. (P. O. Simons), one from “ Chili” (Philippi), and the present series examined. This species has long been known to me, but under the name of andinus, Phil., for there is a young specimen of it in the small collection, received, as I believe, from Dr. Philippi himself, with the namie of ‘‘Alus andinus” upon it, a determina- tion I had hitherto accepted. But on looking up Dr. Philippi’s two descriptions and figure of his AZ. andinus*, I find that that is evidently quite * Arch. f, Nat. 1858, i. p. 77; An. Mus.-Nace. Chile, xiv., Zool. Mu- rideos Chile, p. 22, pl. vi. fig. 2 (1900). small Mammals from North-western Rioja, 419 a different animal, for it has elongated claws, a purely grey— not rufous or buffy—colour, and is decidedly larger, the hind foot measuring 23 mm., while in the largest of the consider- able series of gossei now available this measurement is only 21 mm., and is generally less. Nor do light ear-patches appear to be present. I therefore now describe the reddish species as new, and have particular pleasure in connecting with it the name of its captor, now Capt. Philip Gosse, late of the R.A.M.C., to whom in recent years we have been indebted both for a series of the small mammals of the war-front at Armentiéres and also for a number of interesting Poona and Nilgiri mammals, Akodon gossei is readily distinguishable from most species of Akodon by its warm Hvotemys-like colour and the whitish patches on and round its ears. It is, however, somewhat similar to the A. jucundus of Jujuy, but has markedly larger teeth. 6. Abrocoma famatina, sp. n. 3. 951, 956, 960; 9. 972,981. La Invernada. “ Lives under rocks and in their clefts and fissures.”—Z, B. Rather smaller than the other species ; tail shorter than in A, budini, longer than in eénerea. General colour ashy grey, much as in e¢nerea, but one specimen is more drabby, about as in the type of budini ; in any case, however, the colour- range in the genus is very slight and of but little importance. Under surface paler grey, the tips of the hairs white or pale drabby ; throat darker drabby ; a well-marked whitish sternal gland present in all the specimens, male and female. Lars rather smaller than in other species ; flesh-coloured basally, blackish terminally. Hands and feet white, the latter of normal length, not specially shortened as in A. cinerea*. Skull smaller and with shorter muzzle than in A. budini and eznerea, the distance from the tip of the incisors to the alveolus of p* about 13°8 mm. as compared with about 15°3 in the other two. Nasals slender, narrowed behind, but not so markedly so as in budini. Plane of jugals almost as much slanted as in budint. Posterior palatal foramina as in the other Argentine species. Bulle about as in cinerea, rather * The feet of the type of A. cinerea were measured by Sr. Budin and published by me as 27°5 mm. in length, but this is certainly longer than they really are. In the dry state they now measure 24°6 mm., and would not have exceeded 25 mm. when fresh. Comment was made on the peculiar shortness of the feet, a comment which would have been unjustified had they measured 27 mm, 28* 420 Mr. O. Thomas on larger than in budin?. Cheek-teeth of medium size, smaller than in budint. Dimensions of the type :— Head and body 182 mm.; tail 117; hind foot 29°5 ; ear 23°2. Skull: greatest length 45; condylo-incisive length 42-2; zygomatic breadth 23°6 ; bimeatal breadth 24; nasals 16°5 ; interorbital breadth 7°4; palatilar length 20; diastema 13 ; length of bulla on a line parallel with the median axis of the skull 15 ; upper tooth-series, crowns 9°3, alveoli 10. Incisors smaller and more delicate than in budin?, about as in cinerea. Hab. Famatina Range, Rioja. Type from [ua Invernada, 3800 m. Type. Adult male. B.M. no, 20. 8.4.46. Original number 960. Collected 19th March, 1920. This Famatina Abrocoma is probably most nearly allied to A. budini of Otro Cerro, Catamarca, but is smaller, with shorter muzzle and shorter tail. A. c/nerea of Casabindo, Jujuy, has a still shorter tail and shorter feet, and the muzzle is as long as in dudini. All these Argentine species, from the eastern slope of the Cordilleras, have the posterior palatal foramina minute, while in the two species of the western— Chilian—side these foramina are fused into a comparatively large single opening. Sr. Budin has been peculiarly successful in obtaining these rare and interesting animals, this being the third he has discovered out of the five species known. 7. Clenomys famosus, sp. 0. &. 946, 992, 993, 994, 1013; 9. 914,953; 990, 959; 1002. La Invernada and Potrerillo. Like C. coludo, but tail shorter and bullee smaller. Size about as in coludo, or perhaps a little smaller, but differences of age make exact size-comparison difficult. Colour quite as in that animal. ‘Tail decidedly shorter, the longest of the series only attaining 73 and 74 mm., while in our eight specimens of coludo all adults have the tail over 80 mm., while the longest attain 95 and 97. Skull very much as in coludo, but smaller. Bulle de- cidedly smaller, though still larger than in the larger species C. knighti of Otro Cerro. Zygomata less widely expanded mesially. Supraorbital region with small ledges. Teeth rather less heavy than in coludo. Dimensions of the type :— Head and body 160 mm. ; tail 74 ; hind foot 31:5, small Mammals from North-western Rioja. AZT Skull: median length 41; condylo-incisive length 40°5 ; zygomatic breadth 24°5 ; nasals 14°3; interorbital breadth 8:4 ; bimeatal breadth 26°7 ; palatilar length 17°3; upper tooth- series, crowns 8°2 ; diameter of p! 3°1. fab, (of type). Portrerillo, at about 2600 m. Other specimens from La Invernada, 3800 in., both in the Famatina chain. Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 20.8. 4.54. Original number 229, Collected 8th April, 1920. As is natural, this Famatina tucu-tuct is nearly allied to the C. coludo of Tinogasta, Catamarca, just to the north, but its tail is uniformly shorter and its bulla smaller, so that it would seem to need a special name. 8. Lagidium famatine, sp. 0. ?. 961, 984, 987, and three separate skulls. La Invernada. * Shot at an altitude of 3800 to 4000 m.”—, B. Near L. lockwoodi. Larger and less suffused with yellowish. Size rather larger than in lockwoodi, the skull about 95 to 98 mm. in greatest length, as compared with 85 to 90 in that species. General colour above, of unbleached fur, bluish grey, nearest to “neutral grey” of Ridgway, without the brownish suffusion found in Jlockwoodi. Under surface broadly washed with buffy or ochraceous; white axillary patches present in all three skins. Skull larger than that of lockwood?, and differing from it in various details, of which the following are the most tangible. Muzzle distinctly longer, the diastema about 29 mm. in all six skulls, as compared with 26 in five of lockwoodi. Premaxille not so broadened, the incisors not being so thick. Lacrymal bones broadly developed, of irregular shape, their antero-posterior approaching their transverse diameter ; in lockwoodi they form hardly more than a narrow fringe to the front edge of the orbit. Posterior part of skull higher owing to the greater height of the bullee and meatus—in /amatine the height from the lowest point of the bulla to the highest on the suprameatal island is about 80 mm., in lockwoodi 27 mm. ; occipital shield differently shaped, its upright edges nearly parallel, the nearest points at the upper corners of the mastoids about 22 mm. from one another—in lockwoodi the shield is narrow above, broadening below, the above measurement about 17-18 mm. Bulle more swollen than in lockwoodt. Incisors averaging lighter in colour, white in four of the A992 Mr. O. Thomas on six skulls, yellowish in the other two; in lockwoodi all ave strong yellow. Molars not appreciably different. Dimensions of the type:— Head and body 390 mm.; tail 376; hind foot 109; ear 82. Skuil: greatest length 96; condylo-incisive length 89; zygomatic breadth 46 ; nasals 35 x 12°5 ; upper molar series (alveoli) 21:5. Hab, as above. Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 20. 8.4.57. Original number 984. Collected 30th March, 1920. This mountain chinchilla, although very like L. leckwoodz, differs from it by so many details that it evidently needs description as new. In making the comparison I have had available five examples of lockwoodi and six of famatine, and the differences, such as they are, are perfectly uniform throughout the series. The three skins are all in changing pelage, the new winter fur—grey—coming up among the old faded summer coat, which is of a dull drab-colour. Neither winter nor summer fur agrees in colour with that of lockwoodi, of which our available specimens are in fresh summer coat. 9, Galea comes, Thos. Gg. 912, 928; 9. 932,963. La Invernada. 10. Marmosa elegans pallidior, Thos. &. 964, 991, 1005, 1012; ¢. 1009. La Invernada and Potrerillo. XLVII.—On Mammals from Ceram. By OLDFIELD ‘l'HOMAS. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) Tne British Museum has received a collection of small mammals—mostly rodents—obtained by Messrs. Charles, Felix, and Joseph Pratt in the island of Ceram while engaged on a zoological exploration of the Dutch East Indian Islands. The majority of the specimens were collected at an altitude of about 6000’ on Mount Manusela, the high mountain in the centre of the island. Mammals from Ceram. 423 Although a certain number of specimens from the coast- regions of Cerain had been previously obtained, no collections have hitherto been formed from the central mountain region, and it is therefore not surprising that I found the present series of remarkable interest, for no less than seven species out of twelve are new to science, and include one—the local bandicoot—which needs distinction as a special genus. A second species of peculiar interest is the tree-rat—Uromys fulgens—which appears to mimic in colour the bright shoulder- mantle of the large fruit-bats which inhabit the island. So far as I am aware, no notice on the mammals of Ceram has hitherto been published, while our only previous collection from there is a series of 108 specimens which were obtained in 1909 by the late Mr. W. Stalker. But these were almost all bats of widely-spread species, and having been collected at Wabaii, on the coast, give no indication of the faunistic peculiarity shown by the central highlands. The present series is therefore of very great zoogeographical interest. 1. Nyctimene cephalotes, Pall. g. 37. Teloeti Bay. Previously obtained in Ceram by Mr. Stalker. 2. Hipposideros diadema, Geoff. 9. 33. Teloeti Bay. 3. Rhinolophus sp. &. 32. Teloeti Bay, S. Ceram. 4, Rattus feliceus, sp. n. 3. 5,14; 2. 9, 29,34. Mt. Manusela. 6000’. “Trapped in thick jungle.” A large spinous-haired species with 2—2=8 mamme and a short, nearly naked, scaly tail. Size large, much larger than in &. mordax, about as in vatticolor. Fur long, profusely mixed with spines, both hairs and spines on back about 20 mm. in length, and the latter about 0°5 in breadth. General colour above deep rich rufous- brown, grizzled with blackish, the hairs slaty with rieh rufous tips; the longer bristle-hairs on the posterior back with buffy tips. Sides clearer rufous. Under surface white, not very sharply defined laterally, the hairs white to their bases. Head browner and less rufous than back. Lars comparatively 424 Mr. O. Thomas on short, blackish brown. Hands and feet very thinly haired, flesh-coloured, the fine hairs whitish. Tail not as long as the body without the head, almost naked, the scales very large (about six rings to the cm.), uniformly pale brown. Mamme 2—2=8, as in R. mordax, not 1—2=6, as in R. leucopus *, ringens, and ratticolor. Skull about as large as in LR. ratticolor. Zygomata well thrown out anteriorly. Supraorbital beads well developed, passing backwards to the middle of the parietals, but not forming postorbital processes. Palatine foramina large and well open, their hinder edge level with the front root of m!. Choanal opening broad, some way behind molars. Bulle of inedium size. Incisors somewhat opisthodont, index about 65°. Molars as usual. Dimensions of the type :— Head and body 210 mm.; tail 172; hind foot 45; ear 22. Skull: greatest Jength 51 (in an older male 54°7) ; con- dylo-ineisive length 48 ; zygomatic breadth 24; nasals 20°5 ; interorbital breadth 7:2 ; breadth of brain-case 19°53; palatilar length 25°5; palatal foramina 9°5 ; breadth of choane 4°63 upper molar series 8°5. Hab. as above. Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 20.7. 26.7. Original number 29, Collected February 1920. This rat is easily distinguishable by its much greater size, reddish colour, and white belly from MZ. mordaw, which alone of this group of Papuan species has its mammary formula. The name of Mr. Felix Pratt, one of the members of the expedition, is remembered in the name given to this fine species. 5. Rattus manusele, sp. n. o..1, 2,.3,15, 205,92 11519. Mi. Manuselas | 4000; ? in formalin. 6000'. “Trapped in heavy jungle.” A mountain representative of the widely spread R. ru- fescens group. * Ata time when the genus Rattus was called Mus, Alston (P. Z. 8. 1879, p. 646) rightly renamed Gray’s Acanthomys leucopus, on the ground that, being a member of “ Mus,” the specific name was preoccupied by the American Mus leucopus, a species of Peromyscus. But now that the genus bears the name Ztattws—and, of course, the Peromyscus never had that name applied to it—Gray’s name should apparently be reinstated, and the Queensland species long known as “ Mus terre-regine, Alst.,” be called Rattus leucopus, Gray. The female specimen, no. 67. 5. 6. 4, may be selected as its lectotype. Mammals from Ceram. 425 Size about as in rufescens. Fur thick, hairs of back about 15 mm. in length. General colour above rufescent brown, the head greyer. Under surface soiled greyish white, occa- sionally washed with yellowish, the hairs broadly slaty at base. Ears brown. Hands and feet whitish. Tail little or not longer than head and body, dark brown, little hairy. Mamme 2—3=10 or 3—3=12. Skull as compared with specimens of the same group from Wabaii in the lowlands, collected by W. Stalker, of about the same size, the nasals longer and more attenuated, supra- orbital ridges lighter, and more broad outwards on the parietals; choanal openings wider ; projection forward of zygomatic plate less. Molars comparatively small and light. Dimensions of the type :— Head and body 160 mm.; tail 165; hind foot 37; ear 22. Skull: greatest length 42; condylo-incisive length 39 ; zygomatic breadth 20; nasals 16°6 ; interorbital breadth 6°3 ; breadth between ridges on parietals 15°7; palatilar length 19-6; palatal foramina 7°9; breadth of choanee 3°4 ; upper molar series 7. Hab. as above. Type. Adultmale. B.M.no. 20.7. 26.18. Original num- ber 20. Collected December 1919. A member of the common widely spread Lattus rattus or fiattus rufescens group. ‘Two specimens of the same group obtained by Mr. Stalker in the lowlands of Ceram have much shorter or coarser fur, more whitish underside, and in the skull are distinguishable by the details above mentioned. Apparently, therefore, the Manusela rat is a modified mountain form which may be given a special name. 6. Rattus sp.—R. concolor group. &o. 27. Mt. Manusela. 4600’. S in formalin. 6000’. ‘he local member of the small widely spread Oriental and Australasian group to which 2. concolor, browni, maorium, exulans, and others belong. Characterized by small size and 2—2=8 mamme. Not determinable more exactly at present. 7. Stenomys ceramicus, sp. n. 3: 18,16; 9. 30. Mt. Manusela. 6000’. “Trapped in heavy jungle.” Smaller than S, verecundus, larger than S. niobe and klossi. Palate unusually produced backwards. 426 Mr. O. Thomas on General external appearance almost precisely similar to that of S. niobe and klossi. Fur similarly soft (hairs of back about 14-15 mm.). Colour equally dark and finely speckled, most nearly matching “ olive-brown” of Ridgway. Under surface scarcely lighter; the tips of the hairs dull drabby. Ears short, blackish. Hands and feet dark brown ; feet not so markedly slender as in the older known species. Tail about the length of the head and body, nearly naked, dark brown. Skull in general shape like that of S. verecundus, with the same smooth slender muzzle and slight supraorbital beading. Palatal foramina small, far in front of the molars, their ante- rior third peculiarly narrowed. Posterior palate unusually produced backwards, almost suggesting this part in some of the smaller fruit-bats, such as Cynopterus, the mesopterygoid fossa broad and low, the lateral fosse very shailow, and the entopterygoid processes very slender. Bulle larger than in other species. Incisors with the same flattening and suspicion of grooving found in S. niobe, but not in S. verecundus. Molars small, their structure as in the other species. Dimensions of the type :— Head and body 135 mm.; tail 140; hind foot 30; ear 18. Skull: greatest length 38; condylo-incisive length 34°8 ; zygomatic breadth 16°6; nasals 15 x 4°25 interorbital breadth o°7; breadth of brain-case 15; palatilar length 19°7; palatal foramina 6 ; postforaminal palate 11°1; breadth of choanz 3:2. Upper molar series 6:2. Hab. as above. Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 20.7.26.28. Original num- ber 13. Collected January 1920. This species, while superficially very like S. niobe and klosst of New Guinea, is really widely distinct, its elongated palate and larger bulle indicating a very essential difference. 8. Uromys fulgens, sp. n. 6. 31,35. ‘Teloeti Bay. Sea-level. “Caught in a tree near sea-coast.”’ A long-tailed and remarkably brightly coloured ochraceous species. Size about as in the majority of the smaller species of the genus. Fur fine and velvety, hairs of back about 10 mm. in length, the few fine longer bristle-hairs about 18. General colour above uniform bright “ ochraceous-orange,” perhaps ——— ——- Mammals from Ceram. 427 the brightest found in Muride; bristle-hairs blackish, too few to affect the general bright colour. Under surface sharply defined white, the hairs white to their roots. Whiskers very abundant, blackish. Hyelids dark brown. Ears short, a quite inconspicuous whitish patch behind their bases. Hands whitish, metacarpals slightly browner. Feet with buffy metatarsus and white digits. ‘ail very long, much longer than in other species ; naked , finely scaled, pale. brown. Skull shorter, broader and higher than in most species, but with all the essential characters of the genus Uromys. Supra- orbital ridges well-developed, small postorbital processes present below the ridges at the hinder edge of the orbit. Zygomata evenly and widely convex outwards. Palatal foramina quite short, as usual in the genus, thus contrasting with the other two Ceram species. Palate ending behind further forwards than usual, aude the front edge of mi Molars strictly as in normal Uromys. Dimensions of the type :— Head and body 150 mm.; tail 200; hind foot 34; ear 19. Skull: greatest length 40 ; condylo-incisive length 37:5; zygomatic breadth 22°7; nasals 13; interorbital breadth 7 ; breadth of brain-case 16°5; height of crown from alveolus of m? 12:7; palatilar length 17:2; palatal foramina 5°7 ; upper molar series 7°1 (7°6 in a second specimen with less worn teeth). Hab. Coast of Ceram, at Teloeti Bay. Sea-level. Type. Old male. B.M. no. 20. 7. 26. 20. Original number 35. Collected February 1920. This brightly coloured animal stands out in startling con- trast to the other animals of the collection, these being ail dull-coloured and more or less “ saturate” forms. No doubt most of them are from the heavy jungles of Mt. Manusela, while this is a coast animal; but [ am disposed to believe that a second factor here comes into play. Inhabiting trees which would no doubt be commonly filled with fruit-bats of the genus Pteropus, whose bright yellowish mantles are of nearly the same colour as the Uromys, it would appear very probable that the latter really mimics the former, the rat gaining protection by its resemblance to the fruit-bats, which hawks generally leave severely alone. Cases of true mimicry are exceedingly rare among mammals, so that, if this suppo- sition be correct, Uromys fulgens is an exceptionally interesting animal, The unusually long tail of this species is no doubt corre- lated with its arboreal life. 428 Mr. O. Thomas on 9. Uromys erosus, sp. n. 3. 6,22; 9. 4,26,28. Mount Manusela. 4000-6000". A middle-sized very dark-coloured species. Size about as in the larger ordinary members of Uromys, exclusive of the giant species, e. g., as in bruajnit, moncktont, &c. Furclose and fine, hairs of back about 13 mm. in length. General colour above dark coppery brown (rather warmer than “mummy-brown”), somewhat variable in tone, often becoming rusty on the rump. Under surface scarcely lighter, the hairs dark slaty for three-fourths their length. Hands and feet brown, a few lighter hairs on the wrists. ‘Tail shorter than head and body, naked, scaly, blackish brown. Skull of normal shape, not specially broadened. Supra- orbital edges sharply square, and in one case with a tendency to overhanging ledges. Palatal foramina rather long for this genus, nearly approaching the level of the front root of m'. Hinder edge of palate level with the middle of m*. Molars unusually large in proportion to the size of the animal, con- trasting markedly with those of the other Ceram species in this respect. Dimensions of the type :— Head and body 150 mm.; tail 138; hind foot 31; ear 18. Skull: greatest length 38; condylo-incisive length 35; zy gomatic breadth lus “nasals 14:3; interorbital breadth 5°7 ; breadth of brain-case 15'8 ; height of crown from base of m? 10°5; palatilar length 16°53; palatal foramina 6°5 ; upper molar series 7°8. Hab. as above. Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 20. 7. 26. 24. Original number 26. Collected February 1920. This species is distinguished from any of the Papuan forms by its dark colour, longer palatal foramina, and proportionally heavy teeth. A young specimen of it was collected on Mt. Manusela in 1911 by Mr. E. Stresemann,. and was presented by him to the British Museum. 10. Uromys fraterculus, sp. n. gd. 10,23. Mt. Manusela. 6000’. “Tn thick jungle.” Size small. Fur long and thick, hairs of back nearly 15 mm. in length. General colour above as in the great mass of the Papuan species, a dull rufous, greyer on the head, richer on the rump. Under surface soiled buffy, the Mammals from Ceram. 429 hairs slaty with buffy tips. Ears short, pale brown. Hands and feet pale brownish with white digits. Tail proportionally long, less completely naked than usual, its minute hairs com- paratively evident ; irregularly mottled pale brown and white in the type, and in the paratype white for its whole length below. Skull of normal proportions, in size and general build not unlike that of U. gracilis, though the brain-case is more swollen. Interorbital region narrow. Palatal foramina very long for this genus, reaching practically to the level of the front edge of m*. Hinder edge of palate level with the middle of m?. Molars small, narrow. Dimensions of the type :— Head and body 115 mm.; tail 155; hind foot 26; ear 18. Skull: greatest length 33; condylo-incisive length 31; zygomatic breadth 16°4; nasals 12°5 ; interorbital breadth 4:8 ; breadth of brain-case 14; height from crown to alveolus of m* 8°6 ; palatilar length 14°6; palatal foramina 6°3 ; post- foraminal palate 6°4; breadth of choanze 2°5 ; upper molar series 6°6. Hab. as above. Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 20. 7. 26.26. Original number 10. Collected January 1920. Although looking very like some of the smaller Papuan species, this Ceram Uromys is readily distinguishable by its long palatal foramina and elongated tail. WU. olbiensts, the only species found to the westward of Ceram, has wholly white belly-hairs and a black tail; but that also has compa- ratively long palatal foramina. 11. Phalanger orientalis, Pall. &. 8 Mt. Manusela. 5000’. 9. 36 (young). Teloeti Bay. Judging from accounts given to Messrs. Pratt by their native hunters, it seems probable that a species of Dactylopsila is also found in Ceram, 12. Rhynchomeles prattorum, gen, et sp. n. G. 7. 21,24; 9. 12,17,18,25. Mt. Manusela. 6000. “Trapped in heavy jungle in limestone formation, Country very precipitous. Native name ‘ Mabaya,’” 430 On Mammals from Ceram, RHYNCHOMELES*, gen. nov. Fur completely non-spinous. Upper incisors 4. Teeth very small. Most nearly related to Echymipera and Peroryctes, agreeing with the former in the number of incisors and with the latter in the even more completely non-spinous character of the fur. Ears short. Proportions of feet and strength of claws as in Echymipera. ail neither so short as in Lehymipera nor so long as in Peroryctes. Skull extraordinarily Jong and slender, the muzzle espe- cially being quite unique in this respect. Other skull- characters about as in Echymipera. Incisors 3, Teeth all very small and delicate, widely spaced owing to the elongation of the muzzle ; sectorial ( p*) more robust in build than the other teeth. Molars more triangular, owing to the hypocone being nearly obsolete instead of well-marked. ~Last molar especially small, its inner lobe much reduced, so that it does not reach inwards to the level of the inner lobes of the three anterior molariform teeth ; in the older known genera it projects further inwards than they do. Genotype. Rhynchomeles prattorum, sp. n. With the incisive formula of Hehymipera, this genus has even more completely spineless fur than Peroryctes, while the proportions of its claws and feet are more as in the former. It is unique in its excessively slender muzzle and reduced teeth, and evidently deserves a special genus of its own. Rhynchomeles prattorum, sp. n. Fur crisp, velvety, not spinous; hairs of back about 14mm. in length. General colour above a uniform dark chocolate- brown, rather otter-like, not closely matching any colour in Ridgway ; bases of the hairs whitish brown. Under surface practically the same or a little lighter—a strongly contrasted white patch of very variable size on the chest. Muzzle naked both on top and sides. Ears small, oval, brown. Head and forearms rather lighter than back, a white patch sometimes present on the wrist. Upper surface of hands nearly naked, the few fine hairs whitish. Feet ‘pale brown. Tail rather less than twice the length of head, practically naked, blackish brown. * As has been done in the case of Brachymeles and Anuromeles, the word meles is here taken as an essential part of the name Perameles, not as the Latin for badger. On a new Genus of Lamellicorn Beetles. 431 Skull and teeth as described above. Dimensions of the type :— | Head and body 320 mm.; tail 130; hind foot 65; ear 25. Skull: greatest length 84:5; condylo-basal length 81 ; zygomatic breadth 27; nasals, length 37, breadth at middle 3-4, breadth behind 5; breadth of muzzle at p' 6°5; interorbital breadth 15:3; intertemporal breadth 14; palatal length 52; palatine foramina 9°3 ; posterior palatine vacuities 7°5 ; front of canine to back of m® 35, three anterior molariform teeth 10°5 ; transverse diameter of m? 2°6. Hab. as above. Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 20. 7. 26.34, Original number 21. Collected February 1920. This mountain bandicoot is a very striking and interesting animal, widely different from any previously known form. It is at once recognizable by its crisp but not spinous fur and its extraordinarily long slender muzzle. I have much pleasure in connecting with it the name of the Pratt brothers,.whose expedition has resulted in its discovery. XLVII.—A remarkable new Genus of Lamellicorn Beetles. By GiLpert J. Arrow, F.Z.S., F.E.S. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) THE exceedingly remarkable little beetle here described was found in September 1897 by the French missionary, Father Cardon, at Chota Nagpore, in Bengal, and has lately been sent to me for investigation by M. René Oberthiir. It was probably found in a termite nest, the curious termitophilous Chetopisthes fulvus, Westw., having been taken at the saine time. While exhibiting certain characteristics of both the Coprinze and Aphodiinee, it is impossible to refer it to either, and it appears inevitable to regard it as the type of a new subfamily (to be called Aphodiocoprinz). Although its general conformation and especially the widely separated middle coxse appear to indicate the Coprinze, the fact that the interval between the coxie is formed by the mesosternum and not the metasternum, the double spurs to the hind tibia, the corneous mandibles and strange mouth-structure exclude it from that group. The mouth-structure, as well as the distant middle coxe, equally excludes it from the Aphodiinee. - 432 Mr. G. J. Arrow on a remarkable APHODIOCOPRIS, gen. nov. Corpus solidum. Pedes validi, tarsis anticis gracilibus, 4 posterio- ribus gracilibus, valde contractis et latis. Caput latum, oculis nullis. Antenne breves, 9-articulate, articulis 3-6 brevissimis, clava magna, triphylla. Os a mento toto obtectum. Coxe anticee contigue, prosterno medio obsoleto; coxe intermedize paulo oblique, latz separate, mesosterni medio latitudine fere ad longitudinem equali. Metasternum breve, haud antice pro- ductum, sutura recta a mesosterno separatum. Coxe posticz latee contigue. Femora omnia permagna. ‘Tibize omnes late, apice recte truncate, antice extus acute bidentate, absque caleare, posteriores + bicalcarati, intermedi longiora, postice ante apicem minute dentate. Ungues simplices. Mandibula glabra, cornea, apice haud acuta. Maxilla brevis, intus pectinata, palpo gracili. Labium quadratum, absque ligula aut palpis. A phodiocopris minutus, Sp. n. Rufo-piceus, totus glaber, supra fuscus, opacus, corpore duplo lon- giori quam latiori, alte convexo, medio paulo constricto, capite lato, supra obtuse tuberculato, antice regulariter arcuato ; pro- noto antice lato, medio fossulato, costis 5 longitudinalibus, quarum mediana brevi antica, lateralibus utrinque retrorsum convergentibus, instructo, parte basali medio profunde canalicu- lato, extus oblique striato ; elytris brevibus, longitudine ad pro- noti longitudinem squalibus, convexis, postice dilatatis, fortiter rotundatis, costis validis 7, prima suturali medio bifida, reliquis medio fortiter flexis, omnibus costulis transversis parum perspicuis internexis, humeris antice productis, acutis. Long. 1°5 mm.; lat. max. ‘75 mm. Hab. Bengal (Chota Nagpore): Nowatoli (Cardon). This extraordinary little insect, probably the smallest Lamellicorn beetle hitherto discovered, seems to have no near relationship with any other insect. It is of extremely solid and compact build, the prothorax evidently capable of little or no separate movement, and the remarkable legs, of which the front pair are stout, with long and slender tarsi, the middle pair long, but with extremely contracted tarsi, and the hind pair short, with the tarsi still more abbreviated, evidently indicating a very sluggish and peculiar gait. The head is broad and has an obtuse elevation upon the vertex. The front margin of the clypeus is evenly rounded and fits closely against the anterior femora and the front angles of the prothorax, the largeantennal club then occupying a cavity formed by the hollowed-out lateral angles of head and thorax. Eyes are completely absent and the labium is bein diatelll new Genus of Lamellicorn Beetles. 433 destitute of palpi and ligula, the mentum forming a quadrate plate covering the mouth. The terminal lobe of the maxilla forms a comb composed of five or six long stout spines, and the palpus is well developed and slender. The mandibles are completely corneous, with a cutting-edge, and blunt at the tip. The prothorax is much broader in front than at its base, where it is closely embraced by the shoulders of the elytra, and the latter organs are very short (about equal in length to the pronotum), narrow at the base and broad behind the middle. They are highly convex, but from their form are evidently fused and immovable, the wings being lost or useless. ‘The pronotum has a deep cavity in ‘the middle, produced in the form of a groove to the base, a short median longitudinal ridge in front of it and two long ones on each side, the inner pair parallel and the outer pair diverging to the front angles. The remaining surface is also ridged, but more finely. ‘The elytra bear seven longitudinal ridges, in addition to the inner and outer marginal ones, the first of the seven produced by the division of the inner marginal costa, the other six arising at the base, where they are longitudinal, and strongly bent outwards about the middle. There are feebler transverse ridges between these coste, most apparent in the wide interstice between the first and second discoidal coste. The legs are very stout, the femora thick and hollowed above to receive the tibia, which are very broad and flat, the front ones truncate at the extremity, with two lateral teeth, the middle ones considerably longer than the rest and having a minute tooth at the posterior edge a little before the end. ‘The front tarsi are slender and normal, the four posterior ones extremely short and broad, and the two basal joints imperfectly separated. There are two spurs to each of the four posterior tibize, but none are visible upon the front legs. Upon the posterior legs the inner one is short and straight and the outer one more than twice as long (little shorter than the hind tarsus), strongly curved and acuminate. The front and hind coxe are contiguous, the middle ones separated by a wide interval occupied, not, as in the Copringe, by the anterior part of the metasternum, but by the mesosternum, which is twice the length of the meta- sternum and divided from it by a straight suture. There are six ventral segments visible beneath. The female has the front tibia broader than the male and its extremity obtuse internally, while in the latter it is sharply toothed. The structure of the sternum is wholly anomalous and entirely different from that found either in the Aphodiinee or Coprine, although simulating that of the latter. In most other Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 29 434 Mr. G. J. Arrow on a peculiar important features the insect is like the Aphodiine, especially in the occurrence of two spurs to the hind tibia. The incapacity for flight, the absence of eyes, and the remarkable specializa- tion of the four posterior feet are features quite peculiar to the genus, and no doubt all are related to myrmecophilous or termitophilous habits. In certain respects there is a marked resemblance to Chetopisthes, the almost equally anomalous genus in whose company it was apparently taken by Father Cardon. In the organs of the mouth, the atrophy of the labium, and the spinose maxilla the likeness is striking, but the entirely different structure of the legs and sternum seems to prove that the similarities are due to a similar manner of life rather than a real relationship. In Chetopisthes the eyes are very well developed, the legs and tarsi long, the middle coxee contiguous, and there is only a single spur to the hind tibia, as in the Coprine. A series of specimens of Cheto- pisthes taken by Cardon in the same locality (and probably in the same nests) as the new form show that C. wasmanni, Schm., is the male of C. fulvus, Westw., the peculiar hair- fringes being characteristic of the female and the thoracic lobes of the male. XLIX.—A peculiar new Genus of Australian Beetles. By Givpert J. Arrow, F.Z.8., F158. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the "British Museum.) In forwarding, through Dr. Marshall, of the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, a collection of insects from North Queens-~ land, Dr. Illing worth has recorded for the first time a remark- able habit in certain species related to the great genus Ontho- phagus. Two species were found by him attached to the fur of wallabies, and evidently awaiting the droppings which form the food of most of the group. Specimens were even found within the cloaca. That this was no exceptional occurrence is shown by the adaptive modification of the feet in both species. In Onthophagus the last joint and the claws are exceedingly slender, and the latter feeble and quite simple in form; but in these wallaby-borne species this joint of the foot forms a strong grasping apparatus, and its enlargement makes the insects easily recognizable. Five species are known to me which share this peculiarity, and are also alike in their general form and in the absence of horns or other sexual armature. All of them seem to be confined to ———————————— new Genus of Australian Beetles. 435 Northern Australia, They evidently form a natural group, which I propose to call MACROPOCOPRIS, gen. nov. Corpus compactum. Caput et thorax inermes. Tarsorum omnium articulus ultimus magnus, conicus. Ungues validi, fortiter flexi, basi lobati. Scutellum invisibile. Cetera ut in genere Ontho- phago. The characteristic claw-structure is very peculiar. The claw-joint is enlarged and conical, with its broad end distal and its lower edge produced in the form of a strong blunt spine between the claws. ‘The clawis very long and doubled upon itself so that the basal part forms a strong lobe, sepa- rated only by a narrow space from the reflexed terminal part. A leaf-like scale sharply pointed at the end flanks each claw externally. There is only a single pair of long terminal sete at the upper edge of the claw-joint, and the pulvillus, usually represented by a pair of sete at the base of the claws beneath, is absent. This arrangement evidently enables the beetle to cling to the hair of the wallaby, which would be impossible for Onthophagus, with its quite simple and gently curved claws. In his synopsis of the Australian species of Onthophagus (Trans. Roy. Soc. 8. Australia, xxvii. 1903, p. 265), Black- burn has included two species of Macropocopris in his Group IV., in which the pronotum is “ pseudo-margined”’ (viz., king’, Har., and parvus, Blackb.), and three in Group VI., in which it is without a basal margin (¢nermis, Macl., muticus, Macl., and submuticus, Blackb.), while 0. car- modensis, Blackb., subsequently described, falls into his Group V. I believe his O. muticus and submuticus to be really identical with O. kingt and parvus respectively, and inermis, Macl., to be the female of the latter. ‘I'he supposed difference in the prothoracic margin isillusory. The pseudo- margin is present in all, but is invisible when the pronotum and elytra are in close contact, being overlapped by the base of the elytra. Blackburn has remarked, in his revision of the Australian Onthophagi just referred to, that he knew of no external feature by which the sexes could be determined positively in all cases. D’Orbigny, who devoted many years to the study of the same vast genus, made the same confession. But a careful examination of the shape of the last ventral segment will enable this to be done without difficulty. In the female this segment is of nearly equal breadth throughout, whilst in 436 On a new Genus of Australian Beetles. the male it is always considerably narrowed in the middle. This applies equally to the species of the new genus. ‘The type of O. carmodensis, Blackb., a species the sex of which Blackburn was unable to decide, is a female, but the male is practically identical with it, except for a rather stronger curvature of the front tibia. The more dilated prothorax, by which he has distinguished O. submuticus from tnermis, Macl., is also a peculiarity of the male. The known species of the new genus may be tabulated as follows :— A. Clypeus rounded or lightly emarginate. B. Upper surface very smooth. C. Metasternum strongly punctured............ parvus, Blackburn. c. Metasternum unpunctured. TD. Shiontscpere cxetoteveeatetater cavern crelenieiere earn serekore kingt, Har. Ge long ates ctr Published the Hirst Day of every Month.—2s, 6d. nett.. THE ANNALS AND MAGATINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, : eet eieg Zoology, Botany, and Geology. | Conducted by WILLIAM. ,CARRUTHERS, Ph.D., F.R.S., P.L:S., F.G.S., Srr ARTHUR E. SHIPLEY, G.B.E., M. A Se.D., F.R.S., F.Z.S., and _ RICHARD AM FRANCIS, E.Z.S. Founded in 1877. Monthly, ls. 6d, Annual Subscription Companion’ and 12 Monthly Numbers), 20s. THE OBSERVATORY, A MONTHLY REVIEW OF ASTRONOMY. ‘Edited by adits J, M, STRATTON, M.A., H.S. JONES, M.A., B.Se. fee d. JACKSON, M.A, B. Se. Its Contributors include most of the leading English-speaking Astronomer 'S, and its Articles give an interesting reflection of the progress of astronomical thought and achievement, Published eas ys: Price 1s. 8d. nett. Annual Subscription, 17s. 6d. post free. THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY BRITISH | AND FOREIGN. 3 - Edited by JAMES BRITTEN, KS.G.;; Fob. S., LATE SENIOR ASSISTANT, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, BRITISH MUSEUM, Articles by prominent Botanists ; Announcements of Discoveries; Reviews; ; edi: Botanical News and Rote &e,, &e, Red Lion ‘Court, Fleet Street, London CONTENTS OF NUMBER 34, Ninth Series. é ep aer ee Pigs : XXXYVII. Notes on various African and Ae species of Hapalo- chrus, Er., with an Account of their accessory ¢- 4 sot Pores of ptera |]. By G. C. Ouamrroy, F.Z.S. (Plate VIII.) XXXVIIT. New Chilopods of the Genus Mecistoceph ii. By ae Ratra V. CoamBeriin, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. (Plates IX_-XII.) 328 — XXXIX. Undescribed Species of ‘Afriean Crane-flies in the Re tion of the British Museum (Natural History): Tipulide, Di ptera.—_ Part I. Subfamily Limnobiine. Ale CHARLES P. Atexanpe, Ph. BB Sag oF Urbana, Tlinois, U9 A2 iis See na es cre nee iow eee : XL, Notes on Myriapoda, _XxIv. Pisiaie Note on a wink. oo ae pede new to Science. By the Rey. 8. Granam Bripr-Birxs, M. Sac5 (Manchester), Lecturer in Hecleny.s and Geology, S.E. ae = = Collere, Wye, Kent. se (Soro, SS vai 5 me RN akts Cite ea . 364 z XLI. Scent-organs (?) i in Female Midges of. he Palpangic Grom a ey By F, W. Epwarps. go SEL ANINS Sia eaey bo se te Ra ee Cian Reem . 365 | XLII. On new Species of Curculionide from Africa, By ae re K, 2 foe Marsuatt, D.8c., C.M.G. (Plate KE yes Sov veer wehbe cas . 369 — XLII, New Rhopalocera from Central Ceram. By Groner re Tasot, FES. (Plates XIV.-XIX.). . o0y.4%0534 gia, Pease Cas , 898 XLIV. A new Siamese Nematode of the Genus Faleaustra, By og HeA. Bawtas, MACE, opie sis ee 6 mune ee alam wieeeeees - 408 XLV. Preliminary Description of a new Warthog. by. Tira oe Rorascuiny, FBS; Pace eo oe OE rai a Sy MR gat 416 XLVI. On small Mammals from the Famatina Chein, Noxth- western Rioja. By Otprrenp THomas ......... weet eee eee | XLVII. On Mammals from Ceram. By Oxprtip Taoitas. tae 422 | XLVI. A remarkable new Genus of isa Beetles, i: oe a Gitpert J. Arrow, F.Z.8., F.ES. ..... Sate otek Leer neu sri 31 XLIX. A soe new Genus of Australian Beetles. By Gunper - ae J. Annow,; F282) FSU 4 25000 seers Ce ea eae tein, wee L. A new Genus of i Been By Grune 2 Annow, Dene FISSE MEG ET i ieee Gey Gera ee ae A rte BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE, Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalene. Supplement, Vol. Te By Sir Gzorez Hom ee rae wce es See edie eee ee ae Vol. 6. “NINTH SERIES. No. 38. i : oS | : T H E | A NNA L S | MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, - Z00LOGY, porawy. sy EOE Y: | s CONDUCTED BY - ~~ WILLIAM CARRUTHERS, Pee). aS, FS. 2.G_S.. SIR ARTHUR E. SHIPLEY, G.B.E., M.A., Sc.D., F.R.S., F.Z.8., Ly Ke As AND ; _ RICHARD T. FRANCIS, F.Z.S. is SomeieE atone THE ‘* ANNALS” COMBINED WITH MESSBS. LOUDON AND CHARLESWORTH’S “MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.” ‘WITH ONE PLATE. Illustrative of Prof. F. Silvestri’s Paper on a new Termite from sR ge Mesopotamia. cS eR Ra LONDON; 2 Ss TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. e zn i Sold by Bailliére, Paris: and Hodges, Figgis, & Co., Dublin, WATKINS & DONCASTER, | Naturalists, Keep in stock every kind of. 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Insertions. — PAGE Se eae 20.8 eh 6: 0 cach: 412 Oeach Bett HALF-PAGE ©0924 oo Ge 0 0-5, 76 (an . QUARTER-PAGE - 12 6 a & Bees Pease 10.0 55> Neti SRRG EIGHTH-PAGE BO rare eOrs. 620-5; <3) All applications for space to be made to Sat eR eas Mr. H. A. COLLINS, 32 Birdhurst Road, Croydon, bee THE ANNALS MAGAZINE OF NATURAL -HISTORY. [NINTH SERIES. ] No. 85. NOVEMBER 1920. eqitvcsorlinn ( NOV 23 oe 4 oi LI.—On the Oriental Members of the Coleopterous Group Macrodactylides (Melolonthide). By Girsert J. Arrow, F Z.8., F.E.S. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) In his classification of the Melolonthide (‘Genera des Coléoptéres,’ vol. iii.) Lacordaire noted as a remarkable fact that an Indian insect, Dejeania alsiosia, Bl., was the sole known non-American representative of the great Sub-tribe Macrodactylides. In the Ann. & Mag. for 1907 (ser. 7, vol. xix. p. 436), I announced that Dichelomorpha ochracea, placed by Burmeister in the Hoplides, was really congeneric with Dejeania, and that the latter name having been pre- occupied must be replaced by Dichelomorpha. I also referred to this genus a species (D. marginata, Nonfr.) wrongly described as a Hoplia. The number of described species allied to these is now fairly considerable, but they have been generally misplaced, so that the utmost confusion still prevails amongst them. Dichelomorpha ochracea, described by Burmeister in 1855, was again described by Boheman in 1858 as a species of Dichelus (chinensis, Boh.), and in 1900 Fairmaire transferred it under that name to yet another genus, which he named Smmochelus, adding two more species, which also belong to Dichelomorpha. In 1881 Sharp described a species from Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 30 ai biped Vt 45 1920 ws 442 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the Oriental Members Sumatra (D. crassa, Sharp) and placed it in another Hop- lune genus, Dichelhoplia, and Fairmaire in 1898 followed him by adding a species from Tonkin to that genus (D. fusco- picta). Dalla Torre’s recent Catalogue of the Melolonthine, while naturally omitting these errant forms, has collected nine in all under the name Dichelomorpha, but two of these (the “ Plectris”” punctuligera and glabrilinea of Walker) have certainly no connection with it. I have referred to these in my paper on the “Melolonthine Beetles of Ceylon” (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xviii. 1916, p. 430). But this does not exhaust the errors of which these insects have been the victims, for a genus, Diphycerus, formed by Fairmaire for two species from China and placed by him in still another section of the Melolonthine, proves upon examination to be closely related to Dichelomorpha. Of this genus I have here described three additional species and a third Oriental genus is also characterized. The genus Dichelomorpha will certainly prove to comprise very numerous forms. A few of those contained in the British Museum are here nanied and described. It is possible that others than those I have mentioned may have been wrongly ascribed to other genera, but I have appended a list of all at present known to me. These insects have in common a number of peculiar features, chief of which are the mobile but symmetrical claws, those of the front feet generally differing a little from the rest, and the remarkable interlocking of the pronotum and scutellum, the base of the former being notched on each side, sometimes deeply and sometimes only minutely, to receive the anterior angles of the scutellum, which is some- times also notched in the middle to receive a median process of the pronotum. Diphycerus differs from Dichelomorpha in having this interlocking mechanism much more strongly developed, as well as in its very sharp and slender claws, which are cleft upon the front feet alone. A marked characteristic of the group is the great dis- parity between the sexes. The females have sometimes little resemblance to the males and are generally less numerous. In the male the legs are generally very stout, the abdomen short and hollowed beneath, with the ventral segments free and the pygidium rather long and narrow. In the female the legs are comparatively slight and feeble, the abdomen is large, rotund and rigid, and the pygidium short and broad. In some species of Dichelomorpha the 5th ventral segment is enormously enlarged in the female and of the Coleopterous Group Macrodactylides. 443 the pygidium proportionally reduced, so that the ventral orifice becomes actually dorsal in position. Although so generally confused with the Hoplides these insects are quite distinct. They are closely related to the South American genus Ceraspis, which also exhibits most of their characteristic features. They are distinguished from tle Hoplides by the possession of six exposed ventral seg- ments, symmetrical claws, and the normal complement of tibial spurs—that is, one upon each front tibia and two upon each of the others. The Oriental species of the group known to me are :— DicHELOMORPHA, Burm. Syn. Dejeania, Blanch., Sirochelus, Pairm. alsiosia, Blanch. (Dejeania). India. araned, sp. 1. Borneo. ASSUMENSIS, SP. D. Assam. borneensis, Brenske (Dejeania). Borneo. brenskez, Noufr. (Dejeania). Siam, cinctipennis, Fairm. (Sinochelus). Tonkin. crassa, Sharp (Dichelhoplia). Sumatra. delauncyt, Fleut. ( Dejeania). Annan, felina, sp. 0. Annam. Suscopicta, Fairm. (Dichelhoplia). Tonkin. limbata, Fairm. (Sinochelus), ly. China. lineata, Arrow (Dejeania). Burma. marginata, Nonty, (Hoplia). Burma. multicolor, sp. n. tndo-China. nigra, Brenske (Dejeania), Borneo. nitidicollis, sp. 1. Indo-China. ochracea, Burm. (Dichelomorph«). S. China. chinensis, Boh. (Dichelus). palhda, sp. n. Malay Peninsula. pulchella, sp. n. Tonkin, rufipennis, sp. 0. ‘Tenasserim. uniforms, sp. D. Indo-China. Dipuycerus, Fairm. alcedo, sp. 0. Sikkim. davidis, Fairm. ii. China. jucundus, sp. N. Tibet. reitteri, Sem. . China. tonkinensis, sp. D. Tonkin. XENOCERASPIS, gen. nov. dispar, sp. 0. Sikkim. 30* 444 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the Oriental Members Dichelomorpha assamensis, sp. n. Fusco-brunnea, opaca, supra ubique coriaceo-rugosa, setis brunneis et griseis dense vestita, capite, pronoto partim, scutello, elytro- rumque sutura et lineis tribus longitudinalibus setis pallidis ornatis; modice elongata, capite brevi, clypeo lato, margine arcuato, reflexo, pronoto longitudine parum latiori, lateribus medio angulatis, antice et postice fere rectis, valde contractis ; elytris 4-costatis, lateribus pone humeros leviter dilatatis, deinde paulo contractis, apicibus haud penicillatis ; pygidio corporeque subtus ubique dense et equaliter griseo-pubescentibus ; tibia antica fortiter bidentata ; antennis tarsisque sat gracilibus, ungui- bus minute fissis : 3, brunnea, elytris griseo-lineatis : © , grisea, elytris brunneo-lineatis. Long. 11-14 mm.; lat. max. 5-7 mm. Assam: Silhet, Chandkhira. There are six males in the British Museum, and the Brussels Museum contains a single female. It is the largest species of the genus known to me. The upper gurtace is very densely clothed with velvety pubescence, but a small patch near the base of the pronotum on each side may be partly or entirely denuded. In the male the brown pubescence predominates and there is a pattern of yellowish-grey setee, which form five small patches at the base of the pronotum and clothe the scutellum, the elytral suture, and the three discoidal coste upon each elytron. In the female the grey sete predominate, covering the pronotum (except for two or three partially denuded areas on each side), the scutellum, and the elytra, with the exception of four dark stripes on each. The abdomen of the male is strongly arched, the pygidium narrow, and the claws are very minutely cleft. In the female the abdomen is moderately convex, the pygidium broad, the legs are very short, and the claws are less deeply cleft. he antennze are rather long and slender in both SEXES. D. assamensis resembles D. alsiosia, Bi., but is darker in colour and has much more conspicuous markings. The clypeus is deeply excavated, but less deeply than in D. alsiosia, the pronotum is more convex, its sides less sharply angulated i in the middle, straight and not sinuated from the angle to the base, and the hind angle very obtuse. of the Coleopterous Group Macrodactylides. 445 Dichelomorpha multicolor, sp. vn. 3S. Brunnea, supra densissime squamosa, subtus cum pedibus sat dense et longe flavo-pubescens ; elongata, convexa, opaca, capite brevi, dense flavo-setoso, margine fortiter reflexo, arcuato; pronoto distincte transverso, densissime punctato et minute brunneo-setuloso, antice et lateraliter setis luteis, postice medio setis albidis majoribus ornato, lateribus fortiter arcuatis, angulis anticis fere obsoletis, posticis obtusis; scutello dense albido- squamoso ; elytris dense brunneo-squamosis, marginis suturalis dimidio posteriori maculaque irregulari mediana albo-squamosis, lineis 2 vel 3 externalibus, basi, medio et apice confusis, pallide fulvis ornatis, sutura ante extremitatem utrinque fulvo-peni- cillata, lateribus paulo ante medium dilatatis; pygidio dense pallide flavo-setoso ; tibia antica valde bidentata, antennis tarsis- que gracilibus, unguibus minute fissis. Long. 12 mm.; lat. max. 6 mm. Inpo-Cuina: Upper Mekong R., Vieng Vai (R. Vitalis de Salvaza, May). I have seen only a single male. It is evidently allied to and not unlike D). delaunayi, Fleut., but the elytral pattern is more complicated, consisting of elongate scales or setze of three ditferent colours, brown, yellow, and white, in addition to which those clothing the head and the front and side margins of the pronotum are of a much richer yellow hue and the disc of the pronotum, except a small triangular white mark in front of the scutellum, is nearly black. The scutellum is white, as well as the posterior half of the elytral suture, dilating at the anterior end into an irregular trans- verse median patch. ‘The general surface of the elytra is chocolate-browu, but the front and hind margins are buff- coloured and are connected upon the outer half by longi- tudinal streaks of the same colour, which become confused in the middle. Just before the end of the elytral suture there is a rather long tuft of golden hairs. The pygidium is clothed with rather close-lying buff-coloured sete and the legs and lower surface bear long coarse hairs of the same colour. Dichelomorpha pulchella, sp. n. 3. Brunnea, supra densissime squamosa, subtus cum pedibus ubique sat longe pubescens, capite prothoracisque marginibus (basi excepto) flavis, hujus disco fere nigro, macula basali grisea, scutello griseo, elytris brunneis, basi fasciaque postmediana per suturam continuata et cum basi internexa griseis; elongata, 446 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the’ Oriental Members convexa, opaca, capite rngoso, margine rotundato, leviter reflexo ; pronoto Uensissime punctato sed haud dense setoso, pilis longis interspersis instructo, lateribus antice et postice valde contractis, vix arcuatis ; elytrorum lateribus ante medium leviter dilatatis, sutura ante apicem longe flavo-penicillata; pygidio coriaceo- punctato, modice dense fulvo-setoso, pilis longis erectis inter- spersis, apice subnudo; tibia antica valde bidentata; antennis tarsisque gracilibus, unguibus minute fissis. Long. 8°5-9°5 mm.; lat. max, 4:55 mm. Tonkin: Dap Kan (R. Vitalis de Salvaza, April). T have seen only male specimens. Chocolate-brown, the head clothed with orange-coloured setee, the pronotum nearly black, bordered in front and at the sides with similar orange setz, the elytra decorated with irregular grey basal and median patches united by a narrow longitudinal stripe on each side and also extending along the suture. The scutellam and a small patch just in front of it are of the same shade. This species has a very close resemblance to D. multicolor, but is rather smaller, the scales of the upper surface are of less contrasted colours, and the lateral and hind margins of the elytra are dark. The clypeus is rather longer and more rugose, and its front margin is less strongly refiexed. The pronotum is more strongly contracted behind, and its dise hears fairly numerous long erect hairs set at nearly equal distances amongst the minute sete. The elytra are less strongly dilated near the middle of the lateral margins, The pygidium is less finely and closely clothed and is rather longer, narrower, and more vertical. Dichelomorpha felina, sp. n. Brunnea, supra densissime squamosa, subtus cum _ pedibus ubique sat longe pubescens, capite prothoracisque marginibus et linea mediana (hac basi grisea) flavidis, disco utrinque nigro, scutello elytrorumque linea suturali postica, secunda a basi fere ad marginem tertiaque a medio ad apicem pertinentibus, duabus basalibus brevibus aliaque mediana brevi, griseis; elongata, cylindrica, opaca, capite antice rotundato, reflexo, pronoto dense setoso, pilis brevibus erectis interspersis instructo, lateribus ante medium rotundato-arcuatis, antice et postice valde contractis, fere rectis; elytris lateraliter vix dilatatis, ante apicem flavo- penicillatis; pygidio angusto, dense griseo-squamoso; tibia antica fortiter bidentata, tarsis antennisque gracilibus, unguibus minutissime fissis. Long. 7°5 mm.; lat. max. 4 mm. a ee TTA of the Coleopterous Group Macrodactylides. 447 Annam: Keng Trap (R. Vitalis de Salvaza, May). Of this also I have seen only the male, a single-specimen. It is a species closely related to D. multicolor and pulchella, especially the latter. It is smaller, narrower, and more cylindrical in shape, and the pronotum is without the long erect hairs occurring in D. pulchella. The coloration and pattern are similar, but the pronotum, in addition to the yellow border, has a median line of grey setee by which the black dise is divided into two patches, and the pale scales of the elytra form irregular longitudinal stripes, the first extending from the middle of the suture to the apex, the second from the base to beyond the middle of the elytron, and the third from the middle to near the extremity. There are two other very short longitudinal bars at the base, of which the outermost reappears just before the middle. The pygidium (in this sex) is narrow and densely clothed with grey scales. . Dichelomorpha nitidicollis, sp. nu. g. Rufa, capite pronotoque nigris, capite, pronoti lateribus, - scutello elytrisque sat dense flayo-setosis; sat angusta, capite crebre punctato, margine rotundato, reflexo ; pronoto nitido, sat crebre, antice et lateraliter creberrime, punctato, disco pilis griseis erectis sat parce vestito, lateribus antice fortiter arcuatis, postice fere rectis, valde contractis; elytris lateraliter leviter arcuatis, ante apices longe sat late fulvo-penicillatis ; pygidio sat dense fulvo-setoso, corpore subtus pedibusque longe fulvo- hirsutis ; antennis tarsisque gracilibus, tibia antica sat fortiter bidentata, unguibus minutissime fissis. Long. 8 mm.; lat. max. 4 mm. Urrer Mexone R.: Houei Sai (R. Vitalis de Salvaza, May). . Only a single male specimen is known. It is reddish brown, with the head and pronotum black, and clothed with rather long yellow hair beneath and with minute yellow setz above, except-upon the dise of the pronotum, which 1s shining black and bears only a thin clothing of erect short hairs amongst which longer hairs are scattered. The lateral margins bear close-set orange set, and there is a minute grey tuft at the middle of the base. The scutellum and elytra are fairly closely covered with buff-coloured sete, which are sparser on the anterior part of the elytra and much less conspicuous at the sides. There is a rather broad ante-apical fringe of long yellow hairs crossing the suture, 448 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the Oriental Members and a few scattered erect hairs extend forward from this in a line parallel with the outer margin. The pygidium is moderately closely covered with close-lying elongate setze of the same colour. Dichelomorpha rufipennis, sp. u. Castaneo-rufa, capite pronotoque disco infuscatis, capite, pronoti lateribus, elytrorum maculis vagis basali et laterali pygidioque setis fulvis minutis, pronoti macula parva basali, scutello, elytrorum sutura postice et macula mediana transversa setis pallidioribus sat dense vestitis, corpore subtus sat dense fulyo- vestito; modice elongata, parum convexa, capite et pronoto densissime punctulatis, clypeo brevi, margine arcuato, fortiter reflexo, pronoto quam longitudine paulo latiori, lateribus fortiter arcuatis, angulis omnibus obtusis; elytris sat longis, modice nitidis, ante medium dilatatis, ad suturam postice sat longe fulvo-penicillatis, angulis apicalibus paulo rotundatis ; antennis tarsisque gracilibus, unguibus minute fissis. Long. 10-11 mm.; lat. max. 6 mm. TrnasseriM Mrs., Siam Border (K. G. Gairdner). Two male specimens are all that I have seen of this. It is a rather large species, and its chestnut-red elytra are in well-marked contrast to the black pronotum, of which the front and side margins are also reddish. The scales with which the upper surface is decorated are of two shades cf yellow, pale upon the inner part and deep orange upon the outer. The pronotum is almost circular in its out- line and relatively longer than in the four species just described, and the elytra are not long in proportion, their sides being distinctly dilated near the middle. Dejeania brenskei, Noufr., so far as can be judged from the description, resembles J). rufipennis, but the twice-stated dimensions indicate an insect much larger than any species of the genus at present known to me. Nonfried’s statement that the claws of D. brensket are entire is most probably incorrect. Dichelomor pha uniformis, sp. n. Obscura, supra fusco-brunneo- vel olivaceo-brunneo-squamosa, pro- noto griseo-circumdato, corpore subtus pedibusque griseo-hirsutis ; parum elongata, capite brevi, clypeo nudo, nitido, grosse punctato, margine truncato, reflexo; pronoto transverso, convexo, lateribus arcuatis, haud angulatis, angulis anticis et posticis obtusis ; elytris ante medium leyiter dilatatis, postice setis nonnullis erectis parce instructis, haud penicillatis ; tibia antica bidentata, unguibus omnibus sat profunde fissis : of the Coleopterous Group Macrodactylides. 449 3, latior, pygidio densissime fulvyo-squamoso, angusto, verticali, pedibus crassis, tarsis intermediis abbreyiatis, posticis elongatis, ~ antennis modice elongatis : 2, pygidio brevi, minus dense griseo-setoso. Long. 6-6°5 mm.; lat. max. 3°5 mm. Inpo-Cuina, Laos: Luang Prabang, Xieng Khouang (Rk. Vitalis de Salvaza, April and 1 May). Although very different in appearance, owing to the dark colour of the scales with which the upper surface is clothed, this species is nearly related to D. ochracea, Burm., and of similar size and shape. It is of a very short and compact form, especially in the male, the upper surface clothed with very densely packed dark setw, paler at the extreme edge of the pronotum and with a few longer outstanding setz placed in rows upon the posterior part of the elytra, the lower surface clothed with decumbent whitish hairs. The male and female as usual differ considerably. The pygidium is densely clothed with yellow scales in the male and has less closely packed grey sete in the female. In the male the legs are very stoutly formed (although the front tibia is rather less massive than in that sex of D. multicolor and pulchella), the middle tarsi are short and thick and the hind tarsi long and slender. The club of the antenna is of moderate length only. \ Dichelomorpha pallida, sp. n. Rufa, corpore supra squamis pallide flavis, subtus pedibusque setis eriseis dense vestita, pronoti linea mediana, scutello singulique elytri parte mediana pallidioribus, humeris minus dense vestitis, rufis ; parum elongata, convexa, capite fusco-rufo, rugoso, erecte setoso ; pronoto medio dilatato, lateribus antice et postice fortiter contractis, fere rectis, angulis omnibus obtusis; elytris ante medium leviter dilatatis, postice haud penicillatis : 3, pedibus validis, tibiis anticis acuminatis, haud dentatis, tarsis intermediis brevissimis, crassis, posticis elongatis ; pygidio elon- gato, verticali, dense fulvo-squamoso ; antennis modice elongatis : Q@, pedibus minus crassis, tibia antica extus minute dentata ; pygidio lato, minus dense flavo-setoso. Long. 9-10 mm. ; lat. max. 4-5 mm. Matay Peninsuta: Penang (Lamb). Allied to D. ochracea, but larger and a little more elongate in shape. The body is densely clothed above with bright yellow scales, which are of a paler tint upon the median line of the pronotum, the scutellum, and the median part of each 450 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the Oriental Members elytron. The legs and lower surface are clothed with rather thick ereyish-yellow pubescence, through which the reddish colour of the integument is visible. At the shoulders of the elytra the scales “change to narrow setz, which also leave exposed the red underlying surface. In the male the legs are extremely massive, the front tibia is without the usual strong lateral tooth but tapers to a point at the extremity, the middle tarsi are extremely short and the hind tarsi moderately long, but less slender than in D. ochracea. The abdomen is very strongly contracted in this sex, the pygidium long, vertical, and densely clothed with yellow scales. In the female the front tibia has a very smal] and incon- spicuous lateral tooth, all the tarsi are moderately slender, and the pygidium is broad and clothed with grey sete. Dichelomorpha aranea, sp. 0. Brunnea, squamis brunneis et griseis dense vestita, clypeo, pronoti margine angusto, vitta mediana antice abbreviata, scutello, elytrorum sutura postice lineisque utrinque duabus longitudina- libus pygidioque griseo-squamosis, pronoto et elytris sat parce setis erectis nonnullis brevibus albis instructis, corpore subtus pedibusque dense griseo-hirsutis ; parum elongata, clypeo antice rotundato, reflexo, pronoto lato, lateribus medio dilatatis, antice et postice fere rectis, valde contractis; elytris post humeros dilatatis, deinde angustatis, postice haud penicillatis; tibius anticis valde bidentatis : 3, pedibus robustis, anticorum unguibus fissis, clava antennali modice elongata : 2, pedibus minus robustis, tarsis sat gracilibus, unguibus omnibus fissis, segmento ventrali quinto permagno, pyg sidio parvo. Long. 5- 6-5 mm. ; lat. max. 3-3°5 mm. N. Borneo, Sarawak: Puak (G. H. Bryant, April, May). This evidently resembles the very imsufiiciently described D. borneensis, Brenske, but it is smaller, and the pale border of the pronotum is not confined, as in that species, to the front and lateral margins. As in D. borneensis, the pro- notum and elytra bear pale scattered scales standing out from the rest, those upon the elytra bemg arranged in longitudinal rows. The upper surface is closely clothed with brown scales, replaced by white scales at the margins of the pronotum and an incomplete median line, as well as upon the scutellum and three longitudinal lines upon each elytron, the first bordering the eae and abbreviated anteriorly. oe lial tel EE —————— SS. of the Coleopterous Group Macrodactylides. 451 The white lateral border of the pronotum is a little dilated at the hind angle, and the median line is also dilated at the base and is sometimes not produced far beyond it. This is a much more elongate species than D. ochracea, uniformis, and pallida. The prothorax is rather large relatively and strongly contracted both in front and behind, producing a narrow-waisted form, The above description applies only to the male. In this sex the front claws alone are cleft, but in female specimens, which I believe to belong to the species, all the claws are cleft, in addition to which there are no pale markings upon the upper surface, the 5th veutral segment is greatly enlarged, and the pygidium much reduced. Diphycerus tonkinensis, sp. n. Niger, elytris interdum castaneis ; ovatus, compactus, capite crebre granuloso, erecte griseo-piloso, clypeo breviter semicirculari ; pronoto convexo, dense varivloso, basi levi lineaque basali mediana elevata, pilis longis erectis sparsuto setisque flavidis prope latera et angulos posticos vestito, antice angustato, angulis anticis fere acutis. posticis rectis, lateribus post medium angu- latis ; scutello antice nitido, utrinque dense flavido-squamoso, squamis elongatis, convergentibus ; elytris profunde sat crebre punctatis, squamis elongatis nonnullis albidis vestitis ; pygidio magno, setis albidis adpressis equaliter haud dense vestito ; corpore subtus, propygidio pedibusque setis longioribus et den- sioribus similiter vestitis : d, minor, ‘pedibus antennisque longissimis, prothorace antice attenuato, abdomine toto tecto: 2, major, magis ovata, antennis pedibusque modice gracilibus, abdomine postice haud tecto. 6. Long. 5°5 mm.; lat. max. 3 mm. 2. Long. 7-8 mm.; lat. max. 4 mm. Tonkin: Chapa (R. Vitalis de® Salvaza, May, June) ; Laos: Pak Lay (R. V. de Salvaza, Nov.). This is very similar to the typical species, Diphycerus davidis, Fairm., of Hastern China, the pronotum of which is less densely punctured. It appears to resemble still more the second Chinese species, D. reitiert, Sem., of which only the female has been described. In that sex of the new species the tuft of scales upon the scutellum is yellow, instead of white, and the scales are erect and not decumbent. The two sexes differ considerably, as in all these insects. The male is much smaller than the female, with the pro- thorax attenuated in front, the abdomen and elytra much 452 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the Oriental Members shorter, the legs and antennz very long and slender, and the club of the latter as long as the footstalk. The pygidium is inclined inwards and the abdomen greatly contracted and completely covered by the elytra. In addition, the elytra of three females collected by M. Vitalis are of a deep red colour, whilst those of the males are black. Diphycerus alcedo, sp. n. 3. Niger, elytris cyaneis, nitentibus ; parvus, brevis, totus griseo- hirtus ; capite rugoso, clypeo parum brevi, antice truncato, labro porrecto ; pronoto convexo, antice valde attenuato, quam longi- tudinem vix latiori, densissime varioloso, erecte nigro-piloso, lateribus setis albidis adpressis ornatis, basi nitido, medio pro- funde bi-inciso, angulis omnibus acutis; scutello antice nitido, impresso, utrinque “setis flavidis convergentibus ornato ; elytris brevissimis, conjunctim subrotundis, post humeros valde dilatatis, ubique setis minutis decumbentibus pilisque erectis longis nigris vestitis ; pygidio modice, corpore subtus, propygidio pedi- busque densius albovestitis, pedibus antennisyue longissimis. Long. 5 mm.; lat. max. 3 mm. Sixkim: Darjeeling, Kalimpong, Peshoke (April, May). This little insect, of which I know the male only, is remark- able for the extreme abbreviation of its hind- -body, the elytra, which cover the much-contracted abdomen, being conjointly as broad as they are long. The pronotum, on the other hand, is narrow and attenuated in front, and the clypeus is longer than in the other known species. Instead of being rounded in front this is truncate, and the labrum is extruded and placed almost in the same plane. The maxille are furnished with long and prominent tufts of hair. The peculiarity of the mouth-structure renders it probable that a new genus may ultimately have to be made for this species, but it is desirakle to await the discovery of the female in view of the great disparity between the sexes of these insects. Diphycerus jucundus, sp. n. g. Aineo-niger, elytris fulvis, basi et sutura obscuris; oblongus, parum convexus, ubique griseo-hirsutus, corpore supra pilis longioribus fuscis intenwinetis instructo; capite dense, clypeo grossius granulato, hoc late transverso, truncato; pr onoto quam Jongitudinem paulo latiori, modice convexo, antice angustato, coriaceo, basi vittaque mediana antice evanescenti leevigatis, baseos medio profunde biinciso, angulis omnibus fere rectis; scutello of the Coleopterous Group Macrodactylides. 453 s cordiformi, levi, antice bilobato, medio leviter impresso, lateribus albido-setosis ; elytris inzqualiter haud profunde aut crebre punctatis, setis brevibus albidis vage aggregatis prope suturam ornatis pilisque longis obscuris sat parce interspersis; pygidio subnitido, longe hirsuto ; corpore subtus pedibusque ubique sat dense albido-pubescentibus. Long. 5-6 mm.; lat. max. 2°5-3 mm. Tiset: Siao-lou. . Of this species also I have seen only males. There is little superficial resemblance to the other species of the genus. It is a more oblong and less convex insect, clothed both above and beneath with long erect hair. There is a slight metallic green lustre, except upon the head (which is densely’ rugose and opaque, with the clypeus straight in front and very short) and the bright yellow outer part of the elytra. The scutellum is smooth and bears only an external fringe of white sete, and the elytra are decorated in the sutural region with vaguely-indicated clusters of similar but not erect sete. The pronotum and elytra are less strongly sculptured than in the preceding species, and the elytra are less dilated behind the shoulders and only slightly narrowed behind. The pygidium is clothed with very long hairs. The antennze, as usual in the male, are very slender and the legs are moderately long. XENOCERASPIS, gen. nov. Corpus elongatum, antice angustatum, parum convexum, haud squamosum. Clypeus brevis. Oculi parvi. Prothorax angustus, antice paulo attenuatus, basi utrinqueexciso et angulatim producto, Scutellum latum, postice haud acuminatum. Elytra paulo de- planata, postice separatim rotundata. Abdomen postice haud tectum. Antenne graciles, 10-articulate, Pedes robusti; tarsi longi, unguibus validis, zequalibus, pedis antici fissis, reliquis integris. Tibia antica bidentata. Cox postice extus pro- minentes. Abdomen subtus 6-articulatum. 3. Pedes robustiores, tarsis intermediis valde contractis et incras- satis, femoribus posticis majoribus, tibiisque intus late angulatim productis, calcaribus nullis. Although closely related in all essentials to Dichelomorpha this genus is very different in its general aspect. It is not clothed with scales, but with rather coarse hairs and sete. The interlocking mechanism of the pronotum and scutellum is much more developed than in Dichelomorpha, the base of the pronotum being furnished with two angular projections 454 On. the Oriental Members of Macrodactylides. fitting into deep notches formed between the scutellum and elytra. Between the two projections is a rounded lobe, and the excisions between this and the former are not sharp but rounded. The prothorax is much narrower than the elytra, but is relatively broad behind and narrow in front. Both front and hind angles are sharp, especially in the male. The scutellum is broad, almost transverse, extremely blunt behind, The elytra are rather flat, with a prominence at ‘the shoulder but dilated behind it, separately rounded at the extremity and not. covering the abdomen behind. The latter is not long, and consists of six visible segments ventrally. The front cox are very prominent vertically, *the hind coxz produced and prominent laterally, the front tibiz have two not very acute teeth and all the tarsi are long, except the middle ones in the male. The claws are long, stout, and symmetrical, not blunted at the tips, those of the front feet cleft and the rest entire. The antennze are slender in both sexes, joints 2 and 7 stout and all the rest elongate. In the male the legs are much stouter than in the female, the front tibia is narrower and the teeth much closer together, the middle tarsus is very strongly contracted, its 2nd, 3rd, and 4th joints saucer-shaped, but each angularly produced externally, the hind coxa is broader and more exposed laterally, the hind femur thickened and a little arched, the hind tibia produced into a broad angular plate . internally and without terminal spurs. The abdomen is not arched, the pygidium is broad and the propygidium not exposed. In the female the abdomen is very convex beneath, the propygidium and pygidium are exposed and the latter is very oblique. Xenoceraspis dispar, sp. n. Rufo-castaneus, corpore subtus nigro, pedibus rufis, genubus infus- catis ; capite crebre rugoso-punctato, clypeo brevi, lato, margine reflexo, fere recto, pronoti lateribus post medium angulatis, antice fere rectis, valde contractis, postice sinuatis ; scutello levi, nitido, utrinque minutissime punctulato, flavo-setoso; elytris alutaceis,flavo-setosis : S$, pronoto dense punctato-rugoso, minute pallide setoso, basi medio albo-penicillato, lateribus post medium fortiter angulatis, antice valde contractis, angulis posticis productis; elytris sat nitidis, parce et minute pallido-setosis; pygidio levi, nitido, detecto : i a RD On a new Genus and Species of Cicadide. 455 @, pronoto paulo breviori, angulis minus acutis, dorso densissime fulvo-hirto, pilis longioribus obscuris sparsis; elytris ubique setis griseis haud minutis vestitis ; propygidio et pygidio similiter vestitis, detectis. Long. 8°5-10 mm.; lat. max. 45-5 mm. Sikkim: Gopaldhara, Rungbong Valley (4. Stevens). The two sexes of this interesting insect are remarkably dissimilar. The male is only very thinly clothed with pale sete on its upper surface, but with a conspicuous tuft on each side of the scutellum and one in the middle of the base of the pronotum. ‘The elytra are gently expanded at the sides, the pygidium is smooth and shining and not covered by the elytra. In the female the pronotum is very densely clothed with a uniform erect golden-yellow pubescence, with a narrow median line of a paler yellow and very long erect dark hairs ull distributed amongst the rest. The elytra are mode- rately closely clothed with rather coarse decumbent yellow iiaiee. with similar long dark hairs scattered thinly amongst them, and the pygidium and propygidium are similarly clothed and both exposed. The pronotum is less narrowed in front, with its front, hind, and lateral angles less sharp than in the male. LI1.—Description of a new Genus and Species of Cicadidee from Cuba. By W. L. Distant A SPECIMEN of this interesting genus and species was recently sent to me by Mr, Ashton of Sydney among other Cicadidze from Australia and various neotropical localities for identifica- tion. The latter he had received from Herr Rolle, a well- known dealer in Berlin, and I have placed the type in the collection of the British Museum. JUANARIA, gen, nov. Body robust, somewhat short; abdomen in male about as long as space between apex of head and base of cruciform elevation ; head broad, including eyes narrower than base of mesonotum, ocelli considerably farther apart from eyes than from each other, face somewhat strongly convex, a little prothinent above; pronotum with the lateral margins ampliated, medially angulate, anterior femora spined beneath near apices; abdomen short and broad, above centraily longitudinally arched; tympanal coverings imperfect, inwardly 456 Mr. W. L. Distant on exposing orifices ; opercula in male short and broad ; rostrum reaching the posterior coxe ; tegmina and wings more or less opaque, “the first with the basal cell a little longer than broad, the costal membrane only moderately dilated or arched, apical areas eight in number, This genus has a very considerable resemblance in general appearance to the genera Platypleura and Yanga, but sepa- rated at once by the imperfect tympanal coverings which considerably expose the tympanal orifices, and thus ‘locates it in the subfamily Geanine. I have placed ib near the genus Odopaa. Juanaria minica, sp. n. ¢. Head and pronotum dull virescent mottled with brown, . the lateral and posterior marginal areas of the pronotum, the posterior central area of the mesonotum, and its cruciform elevation more distinctly virescent ; eyes and ocelli shining brownish ochraceous ; abdomen above dull dark castaneous, the tympanal coverings a little paler in hue; body beneath and legs pale ochraceous and more or less greyishly pilose, the legs, rostrum, and disk of abdomen beneath not or scarcely pilose, tegmina greyishly opaque with darker mottlings, and the basal cell, the bases of the two lower ulnar areas, and the claval area pale transparent; wings pale bronzy brown, the extreme base and claval area paler and more transparent. Long, excl. tegm., 6,36; exp. tegm. 106; breadth be- tween pronotal angles 18 mm. Hab. Cuba, Cuantanamo. LUI.—Rihynchota from New Caledonia. By W. L. Disrant. {Continued from p. 164.] Parr i HOMOPTERA. Fam. Cicadide. Subfam. Trercrviv az. Genus ABRICcTA, Stal. Abricta flavoannulata, sp. n. g. Head, pronotum, and scutellum castaneous brown ; margins and a central longitudinal fascia to pronotum ochra- ceous, the anterior margin narrow, the posterior margin Rhynchota from New Caledonia. 457 inwardly black, the central fascia dilated at base; abdomen above castaneous brown, the basal segment ochraceous, remaining segments with their basal marginal areas black ; sternum castaneous brown, its lateral segmental areas more or less ochraceous ; legs castaneous, apices of intermediate and posterior femora ochraceous, intermediate and posterior tibize ochraceous, their bases and apices narrowly castaneous ; opercula castaneous margined with ochraceous ; abdomen beneath very pale castaneous, the lateral margins and apex castaneous brown; tegmina liyaline, the venation, two con- tiguous spots at apices of the two upper ulnar area to tegmina and the costal membrane to same, and margins of claval area to posterior wings fuscous brown ;' ocelli shining red; eyes black, their anterior areas dull ochraceous ; lateral margins of the pronotuim shining black, distinctly but somewhat bluntly toothed near base; rostrum reaching the posterior coxee ; opercula in g short and broad, not meeting centrally, and apically rounded, but only just passing the anterior margin of the basal abdominal segment ; tympanal coverings absent. Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 35-36, 9 29; exp. tegm., ¢, 95- 102 mm. Hab. Plaine des Lacs. Allied to the Australian species A. curvicosta, Germ. Genus UraAna, Dist. Veana lifuana. Veana lifuana, Monty. (Cicada) Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr, (4) i. p. 70 (1861), Hab. Noumea, Mt. Mou. Ueana harmonia. Veana harmunia, Kirk. Trans. Ent, Soc. 1905, p. 329, t. xvii, fio% I: UVeana polymnia, Kirk. loc. cit. t. xvii. tig. 2. Hab. Mt. Mou, Mt. Koghi. | Ueana montaguei, sp. n. Head, pronotum, and mesonotum pale greenish ; narrow anterior margin of head, antenne and a small spot above their insertion, eyes, marginal lines defining a central longitudinal fascia to pronotum, and the margins of two obconical spots at base of mesonotum and a few sublateral spots to same dark purplish brown ; abdomen above ochraceous, the posterior ‘segmental margins and the whole of the apical segment Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. al 458 Mr. W. L. Distant on castaneous ; head beneath, sternum, and legs pale greenish, two central longitudinal fascia to face and outer margins of same, apex of rostrum, broad apices to anterior tibiae and tarsi, longitudinal streaks to femora and the tarsi black or fuscous; abdomen beneath ochraceous; tegmina and wings hyaline, costal area to tegmina ochraceous, venation to both tevmina and wings fuscous; face centrally longitudinally suleate and transversely striate ; anterior femora incrassated and strongly spined beneath; rostrum about reaching the posterior coxe. Long., excl. tegm., 16 ; exp. tegm. 42-47 mm. Hab. Mt. Mou. Allied to U. rosacea, Dist., but a much smaller species, different markings of the face, &c. Ueana rosacea. Ueana rosacea, Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) ix. p. 322 (1892). ? Cicada artensis, Montr. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (4) i. p. 70 (1861). Hab. Near Dumbea. Ucana maculata. UVeana maculata, Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xvii. p. 385 (1906). Hab. Mt. Koghie. Genus Kanaxta, Dist. Kanakia typica. - Kanakia typica, Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) x. p. 62 (1892), No exact locality. Genus ABROMA, Stal. Abroma pumila, Dist. Tibicen pumilus, Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) x. p. 65 (1892). Hab. Near Noumea. Genus MELAMPSALTA, Koleuat. Melampsalta germaini. Melampsalta germaini, Dist, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xvii. p. 38 (1908). i ‘ oe Hab. TViare. Rhynchota from New Caledonia. 459 Melampsalta quadricincta. Melampsalta quadricincta, Walk. (Cicada) List Hom. i. p. 191 (1850). Hab. Plaine des Lacs, Kuakué. Also recorded from Australia and New Zealand. Melampsalta latorea. Melampsalta latorea, Walk. (Cicada) List Hom, i. p. 183 (1850). Hab. Plaine des Lacs. Widely distributed in Australia. Melampsalta depicta, sp. n. Head black, a marginal spot above the insertion of the antennae and a basal spot between the ocelli ochraceous ; pro- noium and mesonotum ochraceous, the first with two large contiguous spots on each lateral area and a small angulated spot between them near base, mesonotum with two fused spots on anterior margin continued as a subcruciform spot towards base, and a longer sublateral spot on each side black; abdo- meu black, the segmeutal margins ochraceous ; body beneath black ; lateral margins of face, lateral areas of sternum, the opercula, and broad lateral margins to abdomen beneath Juteous or ochraceous ; legs luteous, anterior femora beneath black and armed with three strong spines; opercula not quite meeting inwardly and not reaching the base of abdomen, their apices rounded; rostram just passing the intermediate coxe ; tegmina and wings hyaline, costal membrane to the first ochraceous, the postcostal area black. Long., excl. tegm., 17; exp. tegm. 55 mm. Hab, Plaine des Lacs, Mt. Koghi, Mt. Mou. Melampsalta dumbeana, sp. n. @. Head black, with a green basal spot behind the ocelli; pronotum green, with two small transverse spots at middle of anterior margin, aud the whole of the lateral areas enclosing two green spots at base black ; mesonotum green, with a broad elongate spot on each lateral area, and a large central spot—broadest anteriorly and attenuated to base, where it is dilated on each side—black ; all these black spots more or Jess margined with ochraceous; abdomen above black, the posterior segmental margins green; body beneath black, the lateral margins ochraceous ; legs more or less castaneous, a1* 4 60 Mr. W. L. Distant on apices of the femora luteous, bases of the intermediate and posterior tibie virescent ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation and costal mlabienie dark castaneous ; anterior femora thickened and with three black spines beneath. Rostrum passing the intermediate coxee. Long., excl tegm., 21; exp. tegm. 65 mm. Hab. Dumbea. Movta, gen. nov. ¢@. Head (including eyes) about as wide as base of pro- notum, only about half as long as breadth between eyes, the anterlor margin moderately truncate, more or less longitu- dinally incised ; face longer than broad, the head on each side of it moderately laterally foveate ; pronotum about half as long as broad at base, the basal marginal area distinctly moderately protuberant at each lateral angle ; mesonotum (including cruciform elevation) a little longer than head and pronotum together; tympana entirely exposed ; opercula not completely covering the so1orous cavities but alma meeting each other at base, their apical margins broadly rounded ; rostium reaching the intermediate coxee; abdomen chore robust, scarcely longer than breadth at base, basal margins of the doisal segments prominent; anterior femora strongly incrassated aud prominently spined beneath ; tegmina and wings hyaline; tegmina with the upper vein of “the lower ulnar area more or less fused with the lower vein to the radial area beyond the apex of the basal cell. Tncluded in the division Melampsaltaria, Dist. Mouta variabilis, sp. n. 3. Body above dull virescent ; body beneath, legs, and rostrum ochraceous ; ocelli shining reddish ochraceous; eyes piceous; tympana pale purplish brown; anterior femora beneath with three strong blackish spines, decreasing m Jength from basal spine; rostrum reaching the intermediate éoxe, its apex black; opercula with the lateral and apical margins broadly vaca: not meeting at luner margins nor completely covering the sonorous cavities ; tegmina Ad wings liyaline, venation Wlackiah: more duiwaceous on basal half. Long., excl. tegm., g, 29; exp. tegm, 80 mim. Var: rG.— Body above dull greenish. Var. b—Head and pronotum dull greenish; abdomen reddish ochraceous. Var. e.-—Body above pale sanguineous. Lab. Mr. Mou, Piaine des ice Rhynchota from New Caledonia. 461 Fam. Fulgoridx. Subfam. Dicerrorw4Rrin Zz. Genus MoNTROUZIERANA. Montrouxierana, Monty. Aun, Soc. Ent. Fr, (4) i. p. 72, note (i861). Montrouzierana oaycephala. Pseudophana oxycephala, Montr. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (4) i. p. 72 (1861). Montrouxierana oxycephala, ibid., uote. Hab. Mt. Mou, Plaine des Lacs. Subfam. Mrarr a. Colgar limbata. Phyllyphanta limbata, Montr.JAnn. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n. ser. 1864, p. 243. Hab. Plaine des Laes. Subfam. Crxrrm a. Civius aragoensts, sp. n. Body above bright ochraceous, abdomen above a little darker and more testaceous ; eyes ’black ; tegmina-very pale ochraceous, the venation a little darker ; head a little lon; ver than broad, anterior and lateral Hohe strongly upwardly carinate ; disk of pronotum somewhat flattened, centrally longitudinally carinate, its lateral carinations ote rounded and angularly attenuated posteriorly ; body beneath and legs pale shining ochraceous ; apices of ne tarsi black ; abdominal apex black. Long., incl. tegm., 6 mm. Hab. Mt. St. Arago. Civius montaguet, sp. 0 Head and body above dull dark ochraceous, the anterior and lateral margins to head, the margins and three longitudinal carinate lines to prouotum stramineous ; eyes black ; body beneath and legs pale ochraceous ; tegmina pale hyaline, the venation on about apical half « darkly infuscate, the apical areas very distinctly and blackly veined ; face. moderately and centrally carinate; apices of the tarsi black. Long., incl. tegm., 5 mm. Hab. Upper Houadou R. 462 Mr. W. L. Distant on Ciaius varicolor, sp. n. Head and pronotum dark ochraceous, eyes and _ lateral pronotal areas black ; carinate margins of head and central carinations to pronotum pale ochraceous; abdomen above with basal half ochraceous spotted with black, posterior half black ; face ochraceous between eyes, remaining area pale dull blackish, the lateral margins and central longitudinal carination ochraceous; abdomen beneath imperfectly seen in carded typical specimen ; legs ochraceous; tegmina pale hyaline, reflecting the darker abdomen beneath, the veins narrowly blackish, a prominent marginal longitudinal black spot a little before apex ; Jateral margins of head distinctly laterally marginally carinate; pronotum centrally, sub- marginally, and anteriorly carinate. Long., inel. tegin., 5 mm. flab. Houadou. Civius apicimaculutus, sp. n. Head and pronotum dark ochraceous ; anterior and posterior margins of head and central longitudinal carinatious to pro- notum pale ochraceous ; tegmina hyaline, the veins on apical area black 5 body beneath and legs ochraceous ; eyes blackish ; anterior and posterior margins of head carinate, eyes elongate, slightly extending beyond the anterior lateral margins of pronotum, the longitudinal carinations to pronotum very distinct ; posterior areas of tegmina with the transverse veins and the apical margin more prominently black. Long., incl. tegm., 45 mm. flab. Upper Houadeu R. Subfam. Dersrv-x. Nisia rubrofaseiata, sp. n. Head and pronotum ochraceous ; eyes black ; scutellum and tegmina greyish white; lateral margins of pronotum and an inner longitudinal ene to tegmina saiguineous ; body beneath and Jegs pale ochraceous ; head (including eyes) narrower than pronotum, moderately produced in front of eyes, the lateral margins distinctly ridged, the disk depressed ; pronotum with a central, longitudinal, somewhat carinate line ; apices of the tarsi palely black. Long., incl. tegim., 65 mim. Hab. Upper Houadou R. Thynchota from New Caledonia. 463 Nisia albonotata, sp. n. Pale ochraceous, the pronotum and scutellum darker ochra- ceous, the head, anterior margin of pronotum, and anterior and lateral margins of the teginina greyish white; eyes black; vertex of head with the anterior angles moderately acutely produced; pronotum longitudinally tricarinate. Long., inel. tegm., 4 mm. Hab. Rhoo, Houadou R. A single example of this species in somewhat compresse | condition. Fam. Cercopide. Subfam. ArwropHorine. Ptyelus ¢gnambianus, sp. n. Head above greyish white, the anterior margin very narrowly and three transverse linear fascize castaneous 3 pro- notum and scutellum castaneous, a transverse anterior medially broken fascia to pronotum, and the basal margin of scutellum greyish white; tegmina castaneous, a transverse spot about middle of cose] margin, another spot near apex of same, two small transverse spots on 1nner apical margin, and two cmall spots at apex of clavus more or less greyish white ; body beneath and legs (imperfectly seen in carded specimen) brownish ochraceous, apices of tarsi black; head above roundly oblique, its greatest length a little Slionter than pro- notum, its basal margin convexly excavate between the eyes ; Scutellum angularly convex at base ; tegmina thickly, very finely punctate : ; face castaneous, centrally longitudinally and laterally transversely pale ochraceous ; posterior tibize with two slender spines. Long. 53 min. Hab. fab Var.—Pronotum without the anterior submarginal pale transverse fascia. Hab. M:. Arago. Apparently allied to P. dimeclus, Moute. Ptyclus pampaianus, sp. n. Head ochraceous, with a broad central longitudinal Eascia aud a transverse linear spot on each side near inner margins of eyes dark castaneous ; pronotum and scutellum very dark 464 Mr. W. L. Distant on castaneous, the first with a centrally broken anterior ochra- ceous margin, and the scutellum with its apex ochraceous ; tegmina very dark castaneous, base of costal margin and the anterior area ochraceous, somewhat maculately so on inner and outer margins of claval area, a spot near middle of costal margin, and a larger marginal spot a little before apex greyish white; body beneath imperfectly seen in carded specimen ; legs ochraceous, apices of tarsi black; head roundly oblique, its greatest length about equal to that of pronotum, which is very thickly and rather coarsely punctate ; tegmina densely but more finely punctate; apices of tarsi black. Long. 4 mm. flab. Pampai. Ptyelus panieanus, sp. n. Ochraceous, eyes black; tegmina with an oblique fascia near middle and a subapical marginal spot greyish white; legs more or less ochraceous, with darker macular suffusions ; tarsi very pale ochraceous, with their apices black ; body beneath imperfectly seen in carded specimens ; head obliquely rounded, about as long as middle of pronotum ; head, pro- notum, and scutellum very finely and densely punctate’; legs pale castaneous, more or less shaded with black, posterior tibie with two distinct spines, tarsi more or less pale ochraceous. Long. 6 mm, Hab. Mt. Panié. Ptyelus montaguet, sp. n. Body above very dark castaneous, almost black ; a small spot at inner margins of eyes and two large contiguous discal spots a pronotum bright ochraceous ; seutellum: pale casta- neous; an oblique narrow fascia crossing tegmina before aide and a large marginal spot near apex of same greyish white ; femora and tibia more or less blackish, tarsi ochra- ceous with their apices black ; head somewhat sharply oblique, a little longer than pronotum, the whole upper surface thickly finely punctate ; ; posterior tibiee with two spines. Long. 55 mm. Hab. Ignaumbi, Pampai, Mt. St. Arago. Var. a.-Pronotum without the two pale discal spots. Hab. Houadou. ee ee Rhynchota from New Caledonia. 465 Ptyelus sex-maculatus. Ptyelus sex-maculatus, Montr. Ann, Soc. Ent. Fr, ser. 4, i. p.71 (1861). flab. Uouadou, Mt. Mou. Pryelus rhoonensis, sp. n. Head, pronotum, and scutellum black, anterior margin of head distinctly carinate and ochraceous; tegmina brassy brown, with two greyish-white marginal spots, the first and smallest at about middle of costal margin, the other and largest spot on costal margin a little before apex ; legs black, bases of tarsi pale ochraceous ; body beneath imperfectly seen in carded specimen; head (excluding the slightly raised anterior margin) thickly finely punctate ; pronotum thick! finely punctate, slightly convexly raised and centrally longi- tudinally depressed ; tegmina thickly finely punctate ; poste- rior tibia with two medial spines. Long. 44 mm. flab. Rhoo, Houadou R. Ptyelus nocturnus, sp. n. Black ; tegmina with a prominent white subapical marginal spot ; head distinctly shorter than the pronotum, the whole upper surface distinctly, thickly, finely punctate; posterior tibizs with two distinct spines. Long. 5 mm. Hab. Ignambi. Clovia montrousteri, sp. n. Head, pronotum, and scutellum reddish ochraceous, extreme margin ‘of head black ; pronotum with four central, longi- tudinal, broadly raised cariue which are darker and more rufous in hue; tegmina with more than basal halves dark rufous-brown, opaque, about apical third hyaline, the veins fuscous, and with an inner, curved, apical, dark fascia ; lees ochraceous, apices of the tibiee and tarsi more or less black ; head continuing on base the rufous raised carine of the pro- notum, anteriorly narrowed, and about as long as the pronotum eyes black ; scutellum distinctly broadly, centrally, longitu- dinally excavate ; ; body beneath ochraceous. Long. 7-8 mm. Hab. Central District; Upper Houadou R., Rhoo. 466 Mr. W. L. Distant on BYREBISTUS, gen. nov. Head much shorter than broad between eyes, subconically rounded in front, the central lobe a little globosely prominent ; eyes oblique, somewhat large and prominent, ocelli placed centrally near base, nearer to each other than to eyes ; pro- notum depressed anteriorly, broader at base than long, lateral angles subprominent, anteriorly depressed, basal margin almost straight ; scutellum almost as long as broad, centrally, strongly, longitudinally depressed; tegmina much longer than body ; posterior tibie with a moderately short spine at about one-third from apex; other structural characters imperfectly seen in carded specimen. I have placed this genus somewhat near Sounama, Dist., from British India. Byrebistus nigritarsus, sp. n Bright shining ochraceous; ocelli, eyes, and apices of tarsi black ; body beneath imperfectly seen in carded type; head with the central lobe subglobosely elevated ; pronotum thickly finely punctate, slightly centrally longitudinally depressed on basal area, a short, central, more impunctate, transverse space behind anterior margin; scutellum finely thickly punctate, strongly, centrally, longitudinally impressed; tegmina with the claval area and about basal third of costal area thickly punctate ; apex of the spine to posterior tibiz black; veins on apical halves of tegmina prominent and slightly darker in hue. Long. 8 mm. Hab. Mt. Tguambi. Family Jasside. Subfam. Lzeprrmz. Petalocephala aurescens, Sp. N. Bright shining ochraceous, apical areas of the tegmina very pale ochraceous ; “ey es eck ; head with a few profound punctures defining an anterior submarginal area ; ee thickly finely punctate ; scutellum with the basal area a little darker, and thickly, very finely punctate, the apex and narrow lateral maigins paler and less punctate; tegmina with the veins moderately prominent ; posterior tibize lougly finely Pune Long, 55-7 mm. Hake Tipaae ou: a — Rhynchota from New Caledonia. 467 Carchariacephalus forestieri. Carchariacephalus forestiert, Montr. Ann. Soe. Ent. Fr. (4) i. p. 71 (1861), Hab. Central District, Rhoo. Subfam. Byrvzoscopry x. Bythoscopus montaguet, sp. n. Ochraceous, head, anterior margin of pronotum, scutellum, and legs paler in hue ; eyes blackish; two small tubercles before anterior margin of pronotum, the dise very thickly, finely, transversely striate ; scutelluam with a dark spot in each basal angle and with a distinct central longitudinal carination terminating in a distinct dark angulate incision, a small dark spot at apex of clavus, the claval area somewhat coarsely punctate ; posterior tibize thickly finely spinulose ; extreme apices of tibia distinctly darker in hue. Body beneath indistinctly seen in carded specimen. Long. 55 mm. jadi Houadou. Nehela albofrontalis, sp. n. Head ochraceous ; face with a large triangular white spot the angulate apex of f which extends over the middle of vertex, two rounded spots on face, and inner margins of eyes black pronotum with a narrow, central, transverse, black line leer 1s somewhat maculate at middle; scutellum ochraceous, with a central, slender, obcruciform spot, and a linear spot near each basal anvle black; tegmina ochraceous, the veins much darker, and an clone black marginal spot a little behind middle ; body beneath and legs ochraceous, imperfectly seen in carded specimen, apices of. tibize and Enuist distinctly very dark fuscous, posterior tibize finely, closely, shortly spinose. Long. 5 mm. Hab. Upper Hovailou R. Selenocephalus viridipes, sp. n. Head, pronotum, and scutellum ochraceous, extreme ante- rior margin of vertex, eyes, extreme basal margin of pronotum, and a spot in each basal angle of scutellum much darker in hue ; tegmina brownish ochraceous, the lateral areas and apex 468 Mr. W. L. Distant on pale greenish ochraceous ; body beneath and legs pale vires- cent; apices of tarsi dark fuscous ; pronotum very finely, closely, transversely striate ; posterior femora with a distinct slender spine at apex; posterior tibise distinctly, closely, finely spinose. Long. 8 mm. Hab. Mt. Are 20. Subfam. /assrwa. Tartessus coronatlus, Sp. ni. Shining black ; anterior margin of head, anterior legs, apices of intermediate tibiae and tarsi, spines to posterior tibiae, apices to tarsi, and bases of posterior tarsi ochraceous ; pronotum finely transversely striate; scutellum (excluding basal angles) thickly, somewhat coarsely punctate ; posterior tibia closely, somewhat longly spinose. Long. 8 mm. Hab, Central District. Allied to 7. solomonensis, Dist., from the Solomon Islands. Jassus neoguttalus, sp. n. Head pale ochraceous, the ocelli and eyes black ; pronotum dark ochraceous; scutellum pale ochraceous, with a darker spot at each basal angle; tegmina ochraceous, the veins fuscous, a large spet on subapical area of clavus, and about eight elongate spots on apical tegminal area greyish white ; body beneath and legs ochraceous, posterior tibia (excluding basal areas) blackish, apices of tarsi black ; head above with two central longitudinal impressions; pronotum thickly, somewhat darkly punctate; scutellum profoundly, finely transversely impressed a little below middle ; posterior tibice thickly, finely, rather longly spinose. Long. 64 mm, Hab. Central District. Allied to J. guttatus, Walk., from Mysol and New Guinea. Subfam. Dezexacty Zz. Ugyops inermis, sp. n Head, pronotum, and scutellum ochraceous; face with a central longitudinal black line, an oblique reddish fascia on each lateral area, and two small reddish apical pe pro- notum with four more or less oblique black spots ; tegmina Pret aiken wot a ee ee ee ee a a ee Rhynchota from New Caledonia. 469 more or less suffused with black, especially on apical areas ; body beneath imperfectly seen in carded specimen ; antennse pale ochraceous, apex of first joint sanguineous, second joint fuscously biannulate ; legs pale ochraceous, anterior and intermediate tibise with their bases and apices (narrowly), and with a subbasal and subapical annulation fuscous, posterior femora more or less sanguineous, tarsi more or less spotted with black; long robust spur attached to apices of posterior tibiee ochraceous, darker at base and apex. Long. 55 mm. Hab. Houadou. Allied to U. senescens, Dist., from the Seychelles, but differing by the less spinous posterior tibiae, Ke. Ugyops houadouensis, sp. n. Allied to the preceding species, U. ¢nermis, but much smaller ; face with three contiguous black spots between the eyes 3 pronotum without the black spots; tegmina suffused with black somewhat as in OU. inermis 3 antenue in markings vesembling those of U7. inermiés ; legs similarly marked, but posterior tibiee with three distinct fuscous annulations and with the subapical spur much more slender. . Long. 45 mm. Hab. Houadou. Subfam. VerrrgonreLLin#. Tettigoniella spectra. Tettigoniella spectra, Dist. Faun. Brit. Ind. iv. p. 211 (1908). Hab. Houadou R. ohout British This widely distributed species is found throug Iudia, and is recorded from N, Australia by Stal, Kolla parvipicta, sp. n. Head and scutellum ochraceous, with small brownish maculate markings ; pronotum and tegmina pale brownish, with pale ochraceous maculate markings; body beneath imperfectly seen in carded specimen; legs pale ochraceous, tibiee with small pale brownish maculate markings, a spot at apices darker and more pronounced, tarsi prominently spotted with fuscous ; lateral margins of vertex in a line with outer margins of eyes, Which are darker and have a prominent black marginal spot. Long., incl. tegm., 4 mm. Hab. Mt. Ignambi. 470 Dr. & the Rev. S. Guana Brade- Birks— Kolla auriculata, sp. n. Head ochraceous, narrow anterior margin and a eurved transverse fascia between eyes, both centrally maculate, black ; pronotum ochraceous, with a narrow anterior fascia centrally maculate, basal and lateral margins and a central longitudinal line black; scutellum ochraceous, basal margin black ; tegmina dark fuscous, the lateral margins much paler ; body beneath imperfectly seen in carded type, legs pale ochraceous ; lateral margins of vertex in a line with outer margins of eyes, which are black. Long., incl. tegm., 4 mm. flab. Upper Houadou R. LIV.—Notes on Myriapodaa—XXV. Preliminary Lists for Lincolnshire and Norfolk. By Hitpa K. Brabe-BIrRKS, M.Sc., M.B.; Ch.B., L.8:C,P;:M.RC:S,, D2 and the Rev. S. GRAHAM BraveE-Birks, M.Sc. ‘ I. INTRODUCTION. During a short stay in Norfolk, which began at the end of May 1919 and extended into June, we collected a number of “ myriapods ’’ which it seems worth while to record. Mr. St. Jolin Marriott had previously collected some specimens for us in the county, and these are incorporated in thie detailed records which follow. Mr. R. 8. Bagnall has favoured us with a list of specimens from Lincolushire submitted to him by the collectors, Mr. T. Stainforth of the Hull Museum and Mr, J. C. Varty-Smith of Penrith. These valuable collections, augmented by the results of a paper published by Mr. Stainforth himself (1919) aud the material we obtained during July 1915 in the Martin- by-Timberland district of Lincolnshire, have furnished the data for our list in the case of that county. Of the Lincolushire records Mr. Stainforth’s are all from the north (vice-county 54 in the Watsonian system) and Mr. Varty-Smith’s all from the south (vice-county 53); our own collecting (Martin-by-Timberland district) was done near the boundary between the two. In Norfolk all the collecting referred to was done in the west (vice-county 28). Tie detailed records are arranged under specitic headings only ; many systematic indications and dimensions of species Notes on Myriapoda. 471 included in the present study will be found in the twelfth paper of this series (Brade-Birks, October 1918). In the second section of this paper other collectors’ names are cited by initials ; where these latter are wanting, we were the collectors ourselves. We have used as abbreviations Ins. for Lincolnshire, Nk. for Norfolk, dist. for district, M.-by-T. for Martin-by-Vimberland, and syn. for synonym. Our best thanks are due to Mr. Baguall for his determina- tion of Symphyla and other help, and also to the collectors of material recorded in the seta paper. The incorporation of cur own 1915 Lincolushire specimens brings our early indebtedness to Dr. A. Randell Jackson of Chester pleasantly to mind; it was le who made an examination of those specimens soon after they were collected. Ll. DeTAILED RECORDS. Class DIPLOPODA. Iulus scandinavius, Latzel. Syn. L. ligulifer, Latzel and Verhoeff. Tiis species was wrongly renamed L. ligulifer simply because it was unknown in Scandinavia (Verhoeff, 1891) ; Latzel’s o1iginal name must stand. Evans (1907) says, “ It seems to me, that by the rules of nomenclature, scandinavius is the proper specific name of this Tulid.” Three males, Messrs. Chilvers and Sons’ nurseries, Heacham, Nk. Ophyiulus pilosus (Newport). Syn. O. fallax (Meinert). One male of this or the previous species, Manton Common, Lns., 7. S., 13. vi. 15; male, Messrs. Chilvers and Sons’ nurseries, Lleacham, Nk. : Tachypodoiulus niger (Leach). Syn. 7, albipes (C. L. Koch). Harlaxton, Lns., J. C. V.-S.; common, South Ferriby, Lenses 2S., 16. x. 15; tarm precincts ete. not uncommon, Heacham, Nk. Cylindroiulus frisius (Verhoeft). Dimensions given by Verhoeff (1891, p. 133): body of 472 Dr. & the Rev. 8. Graham Brade-Birks— female 14-16 mm. long, 1:2-1'3 mm. broad; male 10-13 mm. long. This species is often found on the coast of England, but may also be met with well inland. Tue gonopods of the inale are diagnostic. On the shore under wood (including male dissected for con- firmation) and in farm precincts, inland (male also dissected), Heacham, Nk.; under a stone (male again dissected) near Sandringham, Nk. Material probably referable to the species but not confirmed by dissection, as follows :—in ants’ nest, inland, Heacham, Nk. ; outskirts of wood between North Wooton station and Castle Rising, Nk. Cylindrotulus londinensis, var. finitimus, Ribaut. Dimensions and other characters are mentioned in the thirteenth paper of this series (Brade-Birks, Sept. and Oct. 1918). Under stones by roadside, Castle Rising, Nk. Cylindroiulus londinensis, var. teutontcus (Pocock). Dimensions and other characters are again indicated in our thiuteenth paper (Brade-Birks, Sept. and Oct. 1918). Under stones by roadside, Castle Rising, Nk. Cylindroiulus punctatus (Leach). Syn. C. silvarwn (Meinert). Harlaxton, Lns., J. C. V.-S.; male and female, M.-by-T. dist., Lns. ; between bark and trunk of felled timber (male dissected for confirmation), Heacham, Nk.; outskirts of wood between North Wooton station and Castle Rising, Nk. Cylindroiulus (Leucotulus) nitidus (Verhoeff). This species is dealt with at some length in our fifth paper (Brade-Birks, May 1917). Males are necessary for definite diagnosis. Mr. Bagnall refers the following example to the species: one female, Harlaxton, Lns., J. C. V.-S. At Heacham, Nk., we took several females, which are, perhaps, referable to this species. Schizophyllum sabulosum (Linné). Manton Common, Lns., 7. S., 13. vi. 15; M.-by-T. dist., Lns. ; under a stone, near Sandringham, Nk.; Dersingham, . ee i ee ee ee Notes on Myriapoda. 473 Nk.; Snettisham, Nk. ; one junior, outskirts of wood between North Wooton station and Castle Rising, Nk. ; ? (junior), Heacham, Nk. Isobates varicornis (C. L. Koch). Latzel (1884, p. 241) gives the dimensions of this animal as 6-10 mm. Specimens probably referable to this species were taken as follows :—logs in field, inland, Heacham, Nk. ; juniors, under bark, inland, Heacham, Nk.; Mr. Witton’s, inland, Heacham, Nk. Amsteinia fusca (Am Stein). M.-by-T. dist., Lns.; Mr. Witton’s yard; Heacham, Nk. ; logs in field, inland, Heacham, Nk. Blaniulus guttulatus (Bosc). Female only (males are necessary for certain diagnosis), M.-by-T. dist., Lns. Polydesmus coriaceus, Porat. One male, two females (determined, as were most of our M.-by-T. dist. specimens, soon after collection, by our friend Dr. A. Randell Jackson, of Chester), M.-by-T’. dist., Lus. Polydesmus complanatus (Linné). Messrs. Chilvers and Sons’ nurseries, Heacham, Nk. Brachydesmus superus mosellanus (Verhoeff). Garden, Heacham, Nk. (dissected for confirmation) ; Ring- stead Downs, Nk. Ophiodesmus albonanus (Latzel). Garden, Heacham, Nk. (dissected for confirmation). Macrosternodesmus palicola, Brélemann. Garden, Heacham, Nk. (dissected for confirmation). Polymicrodon polydesmoides (Leach). Syn. P. latzeli (Verhoeff). The genus common, Harlaxton and Ruskington, Lns., Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 32 A474 Dr. & the Rev. S. Graham Brade-Birks— J. C. V.-S.; under flints in chalk-hole near the sea, Wells- on-Sea, Nk., St. J. M., ix. 1918; garden, juniors only, Heacham, Nk.; ? (junior), Ringstead Downs, Nk. As no other species of this genus is known to occur in Britain, it is assumed that all the specimens recorded belong to Leach’s form. Brachycheteuma bradee (Brélemann and Brade-Birks). A full description of this animal is given in the seventh paper of this series (Brade-Birks, Dec. 1917). We took five specimens referable to the genus Brachy- cheteuma in Messrs. Chilvers and Sons’ nurseries, Heacham, Nk., under boxes on fairly hard ground. Dissection of the male proved that B. bradew was present, but upon the dissec- tion of a female it was found that the vulve were apparently identical with those of the type of B. quartum, Brade-Birks (Oct. 1918); this seems to throw doubt upon the validity of guartum, but we must await the discovery of more material from the Bakewell district of Derbyshire to confirm or dispel this suspicion. Polyxenus lagurus (Linné). Latzel (1884, p. 74) gives the length of this species as 2°5-3°2 mm. It was recorded by Stainforth (1919) from Barton-on-Humber, where it occurred in some abundance on the 10th May and 15th June, 1919, on the ends and sides of the squared beams forming a very low parapet to the culverts that cross the ditches in Dam-Road not far from the Humber shore. Class CHILOPODA. Monotarsobius duboscqui (Brélemann). Under bark, Heacham, Nk.; garden, Heacham, Nk.; farm precincts, inland, Heacham, Nk.; under stone near Sand- ringham, Nk. Monotarsobtus crassipes (LL. Koch). Harlaxton, Lns., J. C. V.-S.; several, outskirts of wood, between North Wooton station and Castle Rising, Nk.; ? Messrs. Chilvers and Sons’ nurseries, Heacham, Nk.; ? Snettisham, Nk. Saale a ee eee Pina “atch Or Notes on Myriapoda. 47 Lithobius melanops, Newport. Logs in field, inland, ie Nk. ; ? (juniors), under bark, inland, Heatlane Nk. ; ?Mr. Witton’s, inland, Eleacham; Nk. . Lithobius forficatus (Linné). M.-by-T. dist., Lns.; two juniors, under bark, inland, Heacham, Nk.; junior, North Wooton, Nk. Cryptops hortensis, Gare Harlaxton, Lns., J. C. V.-S.; ‘, Witton’s, inland, Heacham, Nk. Geophilus carpophagus, Leach. A male with fifty-three pairs of legs, under bark on fallen timber, Heacham, Nk. (‘This specimen was quite brilliantly luminous on the hand at night.) Reference has already been made to the occurrence of luminous centipedes at Heacham (Brade-Birks, 1920). Geophilus longicornis, Leach. One male, two females, M.-by-T dist., Lns.; garden, Ifeacham, Nk. ; ? (juniors), Suettisham, Nk.; under stones, Castle Rising, Nk. Geophilus electricus (Linné). Stainforth (1919) says: “The late W. D. Roebuck writes in his Presidential Address to the Lincolnshire Naturalists’. Union, 1910” [ Lines. N..U. Trans. 1910, p. 169), -° of the Myriopoda .... we appear only to have one single note, one by Merck: M. Burton of Scolopendra electrica in 1851 at Lincoln.’ I cannot find that any further records of Millipedes or Centipedes have been made since 1910.” Of course, such a record hardly seems conclusive. Stigmatogaster subterraneus (Shaw). Harlaxton, Lns., J. C. V.-S. Schendyla nemorensis (C. L. Koch). The dimensions given by Latzel (1881, p. 198) for this species are: length 14-28 mm., breadth 0°7-1-0 mm. Doubtful specimens only, Heacham, Nk. 32* 476 Notes on Myriapoda. Scolioplanes maritimus (Leach). Sea-cliff, under chalk-blocks, Hunstanton, Nk., St. J. ML, 23. ix. 18; shore, about line of highest tides, Heacham, Nk. Scolioplanes acuminatus (Leach). Harlaxton, Lns., J. C. V.-S.; three examples, M.-by-T. dist., Lns. Scolioplanes crassipes (C. L. Koch). Latzel (1881, p. 194) gives for the length of this species 22-56 mm. M.-by-T. dist., Lns. Class SYMPHYLA. (The following records are given on the authority of Mr. R. S. Bagnall, F.L.8., who has been kind enough to examine our own material and to supply us with the other data here presented.) Scutigerella spinipes, Bagnall. Two poor and somewhat doubtful examples, South Ferriby, Lns., 7. S., 16.x. 155 one example, almost certainly refer- able to this species, dry ditch in garden, Heacham, Nk., 12. vi. 19. Scutigerella biscutata, Bagnall. A few, South Ferriby, Lns., 7. S., 16. x. 15. Symphylella vulgaris (Hansen). One poor example, South Ferriby, Lns., 7. S., 16. x. 15; two examples, dry ditch in garden, Heacham, Nk., 12. vi. 19. Symphylella horrida (Bagnall). One example, garden, Heacham, Nk. III. Points oF SPECIAL INTEREST, ETC. The discovery of Brachycheteuma bradew in Norfolk is important from a distributional point of view, and the occur- ei eee x A a ee On a new Termite from Mesopotamia. 477 rence of luminous centipedes in the same county is not without interest. Our knowledge of the ‘ myriapod” fauna of Lincolnshire and Norfolk is still too incomplete for a profitable examination into the influence of such local factors as geology, altitude, vegetation, and rainfall. TV. REFERENCES. Brapvk, Hinpa K., and 8. Granam Birxs. May 1917. “ Notes on Myriapoda.—V. On Cylindrotulus (Leucoiulus) nitidus (Verhoett).” Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xix. pp. 417-424. BravpE-Brr«s, Hiipa K., and 8. GRanAM Brape-Brres. Dec. 1917. “Notes on Myriapoda.—VII. A new Member of the Order Ascospermophora (Lacksoneuma bradee, gen. et sp. nov.).” Journ. Zool. Research, ii. pp. 185-149. ——. Oct. 1918. ‘Notes on Myriapoda.—XII. A Preliminary List for Derbyshire, with a Description of Brachycheteuma quartum, sp. n., and Chordeumella scutellare bagnalli, var.n.” Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) ii. pp. 319-336. ——. Sept. and Oct. 1918. ‘ Notes on Myriapoda.—XIII. Some Kent Records.” Lanes. & Ches. Nat. xi. pp. 152-165 & 186-192. (Ap- pendix by 8. Priest.) ——. Jan. 1920. “ Notes on Myriapoda.—XX. Luminous Chilopoda.” Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) v. pp. 1-30, pls. 1. & ii. Evans, Wrut1am. 1906-7. “The Myriapods (Centipedes and Milli- pedes) of the Forth Area.’ Proc. Roy. Phy. Soc, Edinb. xvi. pp. 405-414 and xvii. pp. 109-120. Larzet, R. 1880 and 1884. ‘Die Myriopoden der dsterreichisch- ungarischen Monarchie.’ Srarnrorty, T. July 1919. “ The Bristly Millipede in North Lincs.” The Naturalist, p. 234. Veruoerr, K. W. 1891. “ Kin Beitrag zur mitteleuropiischen Diplo- poden-Fauna.” Berl. ent. Zeitsch. xxxvi. pp. 115-166, pls. v.—viii. 16 Bank Street, Darwen, Lancashire, 2nd September, 1920. LV.—A new Termite from Mesopotamia. By Prof. F. SILVESTRI. [Plate XX. ] Alicrocerotermes diversus, sp. Ni. Mas alatus. Corpus (in alcool) pallide ochroleucum capite et pronoto fulvo-ochraceis, alis hyalinis nervulis majoribus pallide fulvescentibus. 478 Prof. F. Silvestri on a Caput 1/7 longius quam inter oculos latius, supra setis brevibus et brevioribus sat numerosis instructum, fenestra haud distincta, clypeo sat inflato, ejusdem dimidia parte eque longa atque lata, superficie setis 5 et setis nonnullis brevioribus instructa ; ocellis ab oculis spatio ocelli longitudinem equanti remotis ; oculis bene convexis, antennis 14-articulatis, articulo tertio quam secundo c. 2/3 breviore et quam quarto ali- quantum breviore, mandibulis vide Pl. XX. figs. 3 & 4. Pronotum quam caput cum oculis c. 1/6 minus latum, postice parum sinuatum supra setis numerosis brevioribus et brevibus instructum; mesonotum et metanotum lateribus aliquantum convergentibus postice angulatim aliquantum sinuata, Alse superficie setis numerosis brevioribus sparsis et articulis minimis crebris basi 3-radiata vestitee, venis vide Pl. XX. figs. 6, 7. Pedes setosi, secundi paris tibiis preter calearia ad apicem anticum externe setis duabus subspiniformibus instructis. Abdominis tergita et sternita setis brevibus et brevioribus numerosis instructa. Cerci breviores, bene setosi. Long. corp. cum alis 8°5, sine alis 4°5 ; long. capitis 0°91, ejusdem lat. inter oculos 0°78, diametros long. oculi 0°25, long. antennarum 1°43, ale antic 6°6, ejusdem lat. 1°6, long. tibiee ILI. 0°92. Exempla nonnulla alata libera lecta parum majora sunt ; femine long. corp. cum alis 10, sine alis 5-2; long. ale anticee 8. Miles major. Corpus eremeum capite ochraceum antice fulvo ferrugineo, mandibulis nigris. Caput subrectangulare angulis posticis rotundatis, angulis anticis paullum convergentibus supra setis sparsis brevibus parce numerosis instructum, ¢, 1/4 longius quam latius, labro brevi, c. 2/9 ad basim latiore quam longiore antice parum rotundato ; antennis 13-articulatis articulo tertio quam se- cundo aliquantum et quam quarto parum breviore; man- dibulis quam capitis latitudine parum longioribus, parte distali aliquantum orcuta, margine interno irregulariter et parum profunde serrulato. Pronotum quam capitis latitudo fere 1/3 minus latum, lobo antico margine medio parum sinuate, margine postico sub- recto, lateribus rotundatis, superficie setis brevibus et brevi- oribus nonnullis instructa; mesonoti et metanoti margine postico vix sinuato. Pedes parce setosi, tibiz secundi paris spinis externis preapicalibus robustis. > a TT ee ey ee a new Termite from Mesopotamia. 479 Abdominis tergita et sternita setis nonnullis brevibus preesertim posticis et setis brevioribus et brevissimis instructa. Cerci breviores, Long. corp. mm. 5, long. capitis 1°40, ejusdem lat. 0°90, long. antennarum 1°30, mandibularum 1:00, tibie ILI. 0°78. Miles minor. Long. corp. mm. 4, long. capitis 1°24, ejusdem lat. 0°85, long. antennarum 1°30, mandibularum 0°92, tibiee III. 0°75. Operarius. Corpus cremeum capite ochroleuco. Caput subzeque longum atque latum supra setis brevioribus et brevibus sat numerosis instructum, clypeo sat inflato, utrinque seta mediana et seta antica brevibus et setis nonnullis brevioribus instructo, antennis 13-articulatis, articulo tertio quam secundo dimidio vel plus breviore et quam quarto aliquantum breviore. Thorax et abdomen eisdem militis similes. Long. corp. mm. 3:2, long. capitis 0°85, antennarum 0°90, tibiee IIT. 0°60. Habitat. Exemplum alatum et exempla nonnulla alia clar. P. A. Buxton ad Amara (Tigris fl., Mesopotamia) sub arborum cortice (2/1./1918) legit exempla alata parum majora etiam ad Amara (24/iv./1918) legit. Observatio. Species hee alatorum colore inter ceteras mihi notas diversa est et etiam militis forma. [ Nore.—The species which Prof. Silvestri describes above is common at Amara in Lower Mesopotamia. It makes colonies under the bark of dead trees, especially apricot-trees. The colonies are always small, and I never found any termito- philes in them. The winged adults come to light.—P. A. Buxton. | EXPLICATIO FIGURARUM (PuateE XX.). Fig. 1. Maris caput supra inspectum. ; 1} Re Fig. 2. Idem lateraliter inspectum et antrorsum aliquantum inclinatum. Fig.3et4. Ejusdem mandibule supra inspectee. Fig. 5, Hjusdem thoracis tergita. Fig. 6-7. Ale. Fy. 8. Ale particula multo ampliata. Fig. 9. Maris tibia secundi paris. Fig. 10. Ejusdem pes tertii paris a tibiee apex. Fig. 11. Militis caput pronum. Fig. 12. Ejusdem labrum magis ampliatum, 480 Mr. J. M. Brown on a new LVIL—A new Termitophilous Collembolan from West Africa. By James MEIKLE Brown, B.Sc., F.L.S., F.E.S. AMONGST a quantity of Apterygota material very kindly forwarded to me for determination by Mr. P. A. Buxton, F.E.S., of Cambridge, was a tube containing six specimens of a species of Cyphoderus obtained in a nest of termites in Sierra Leone. As the species proves to be new, it is described in the present paper... Cyphoderus buxtoni, sp. n. Abdomen IV. about 24 times the length of abdomen III. Antenna 1} times the length of the head. Proportional lengths of the antennal segments approximately as 1:3:2:4. Hyes absent. Tenent-hair of foot distinctly clubbed and not quite as long as the claw. Claw of foot 2 the length of the mucro of the spring, with a small indistinct inner tooth about the middle of the margin, in addition to the usual pair of large basal teeth. Empodial appendage (“lower claw”) about 3 the length of the claw, with a large broad outer tooth (fig. 1). Dentes of spring each with two rows of ribbed dorsal scales, five inner and seven outer, of which the distal outer scale projects slightly beyond the apex of the mucro, and the distal inner scale is nearly twice the length of the mucro (fig. 2). Manubrium 13 times the length of the dens; dens 3 times that of the mucro. Mucro with slightly curved ventral edge, and, in addition to the small apical tooth, with three dorsal teeth, the two more distal ones approximately equal and in the distal third of the mucro, the third small and placed about 4 from the base of the mucro (fig. 3). Colour white. Size 1:2 mm. In the nest of termites (see below), Sierra Leone, West Africa (P. A. Buaton, 19. vi. 1917). Types in the British Museum (South Kensington). Cyphoderus buatoni differs from most of the described members of the genus in having seven outer dorsal dental scales, the usual number being six (Borner, 1913). The fork (spring) of one specimen was abnormal, the right dens carrying eight outer dorsal scales and the corresponding mucro having no small basal tooth; the left dens and mucro were normal. eee eee Pit > a mire « gree hend ine ar Os Sr is apts, _Termitophilous Collembolan from West Africa. 481 A noteworthy feature is the presence of three dorsal teeth to the mucro. This character occurs in two species described by Wahlgren from Egypt, namely, C. arcuatus and C. ter- mitum. From C, arcuatus our species differs, among other characters, not only in the general form of the mucro, but in the relative length of the last dental scales and in the proportional lengths of the abdominal segments, and from Cyphoderus buxtont, sp..n. Foot, x 1200. SS — eS ——SS —S = —= Cyphoderus buatont, sp. uu. Right dens and mucro (dorsal view), X 580. Cyphoderus buxtoni, sp.n. Right mucro, with last two outer dental scales (side view), x 1800, C. termitum in the form of the mucro, but especially in the structure of the claw (Wahlgren, 1906). Species of Cyphoderus have been described from various parts of the world, and in nearly all cases living in association with either ants or termites. In our own country the only known species—C. albinos, Nic.—frequently occurs in ants’ 482 Prof. Dr. ©. Mereschkovsky on nests. An exception, however, appears to bein C. gennesere, Carp., described from Galilee, where it was discovered living under stones in a salt-spring (Carpenter, 1913). Appended are some notes relating to the occurrence of C. buxtoni kindly supplied by Mr. Buxton, to whom my thanks are due for giving me the opportunity of examining the material :— “ Freetown, Sierra Leone, 19. vi. 1917. “¢ Cyphoderus collected from a termites’ nest, in which they occurred in great numbers. The nest was a hard mud turret 18 inches high on the golf-course, and had been made appa- rently by Hutermes suspensus, Silv., which inhabited it in immense numbers. The nest also contained right in its middle a colony of Pertcapritermes urgens, Silv., workers, soldiers, and winged sexual forms, and a few Baszdentitermes potens, Silv., of which I only secured nasutes. The termites have been named by Prof. Silvestri.” LITERATURE. Borner, ©. “Neue Cyphoderinen.” Zool. Anzeig. 1913, p. 274 et seq. Carpenter, G. H. “A new Spring-tail from Galilee.” Journ. & Proc. Asiatic Soc. of Bengal (new series), vol. ix. no. 6, 1913, pp. 215-217. WauLGrEN, E. “Apterygoten aus Aegypten und dem Sudan.” Results of the Swedish Zool. Exped. to Egypt and the White Nile, 1901. No. 15. Upsala, 1906, LVII.—On some new Forms of Lichens. By Prof. Dr. C. MERESCHKOVSKY. Physcia pulverulenta (Scheb.), Ny]., forma delicata, Mer. Thallus mediocris, pallide ochroleuco-cinereus, nudus vel vix pulveru- lentus, laciniis quasi ut in typo, sed minoribus, tenuioribus, con- cretis, marginibus subcrenulatis, centro ad margines lobulis micro- phyllinis munitis. Apothecia mediocria, vulgo 1:-4-1-8 millim., 2-6 haudsuperantes, marginibus tenuibus, sepe foliosis.—Corticola, supra quercus. Spec. orig. in herb. Conservatorii botanici Geneve (vide Tabule Physcie pulverulente). Loc. Geneva (Helvetia). a ee a ee a ee rere ee ee Oe ee Fak o/2) some new Forms of Lichens. 4 Physcia pulverulenta, forma turgidula, Mer. Thallus expansus, ceesio-pruinosus, verruculosus, formam turgidam (Scher.), Harm., in memoriam revocans, sed verrucis subsquamult- formibus, minus adnatis, imbricatis. Supra juglandem. Rappelle, par la couleur et la pulvérulescence bleudtre des squamules dont le thalle entier est couvert, la forma turgida (Scher.), Harmand, mais en différe par le développement des squamules qui ici ont aspect de lobes imbriqués, tandisque dans la forma turgida elles sont plus courtes, plus appliquées au thalle, ayant l’aspect plutdt de tubercules que de lobes ou squamules. I] serait mieux peut-étre d’en faire une forme de la var. imbricata ; en Vabsence de mes collections, restées en Russie, je ne suis pas &§ méme de décider cette question. Spec. orig. in herb. Conservatorii botanici Genevee (vide Tabule Physciw pulverulente). Loc. Geneva, Hort. botan. (Helvetia). Physcia pulverulenta, var. lepidota, Mer. Thallus nudus, griseo-plumbeo-olivaceus, centro squamulis numerosis nminutis, 0°2-0°3 millim. latis obsitus. Apothecia marginibus tumidis, rugoso-granulosis foliosisque. Supra corticem juglandis. Thalle assez grand, nu (trés rarement des traces de pulvéru- lescence aux extrémités des laciniures), gris plombé olivacé (pas brun comme dans la var. venusta), laciniures assez larges, rapprochées, divisées comme dans le type, extrémités finement céielées-découpées 5 centre du thalle couvert de trés petits lobules en forme d’écaiiles, environ de 0°2 & 0°3 millim. en diamétre, rappelant souvent les squamules du Peltigera leyidophora, parfois aux bords crénelés. Apothécies élevées, noires, 4 disque plus ou moins pruineux ou nu, mat, bord épais, rugueux-granuleux, orné au pourtour de lobes thallins comme dans la var. venusta et parfois aussi des mémes petites écailles qui recouvrent le centre du thalle. Spec. orig. in herb. Conservatorii botanici Geneve (vide Tabule Physeie pulverulente). Loc. Geneva, Hort. botan. (Helvetia). Physcia pulverulenta, var. aquiloides, Mer. Thallus mediocris, sordide- vel obscure-cervinus, nudus, laciniis elongatis, angustis, 0°5-1 millim. latis, linearibus, dichotomice divisis, discretis, nudis, subrugosis, valde convexis ; centro granu- losus vel minute yerruculosus. Apothecia circiter 1°5 millim, 484 Prof. Dr. C. Mereschkovsky on lata (1°8 millim. haud superantes), rufo-fusca, nuda vel pruinosa, foliolis destituta. Supra corticem castanes. Spec. ortg. In herb. Conservatorii botanici Geneve (vide Tabulee Physcie pulverulente). Loc. Lugano-Vezia (Helvetia italica). Physcia pulverulenta, var. angustata (Hoffm.), Nyl., forma CONVERA, Mer. Thallus fuseus vel obscure-fuscus, nudus, levis, laciniis subconvevis, centro levis, haud granulosus. Ad corticem populi. C’est la forma nuda, Mer. (Hedwigia, 1919, p. 230), a laciniures un peu, mais constamment, convexes; dans la forma nuda les laciniures sont planes ou méme un peu concaves, jamais convexes ; ici elles sont toujours plus ou moins convexes ce quirapproche cette forme de la var. aqguiloides, ot cependant le centre du thalle est granuleux, la surface du thalle ru- guéuse et les Jaciniures plus convexes. Ici le centre du thalle est tout aussi lisse et uni qu’d la périphérie. La couleur du thalle brun foncé, par place méme un peu noirdatre, est aussi trés différente de celle de la var. aquiloides. Spec. orig. in herb. Conservatorii botanici Geneve (vide Tabule Physcte pulverulente). Loc. Prope Lugano (Helvetia italica). Physcia pulverulenta, forma elegantella, Mer. Thallus mediocris, fusco-cinereus, peripherium versus leetior, pallide- cervinus, nudus, laciniis angustis (circiter 0-4 millim. vel minus latis), Zinearibus, planis, dichotomice vel palmatim divisis, discretis, laciniolis terminalibus subpulverulentis. Apothecia parva, circiter 0-6 millim. lata (vel minores); pruinosa, margine tenui, lobulis haud munita. Ad corticem castanee. Spec. orig. in herb. Conservatorii botanici Geneve (vide Tabula Physcie pulverulente). Loc. Lugano-Vezia (Helvetia italica). En réunissant ces formes avec toutes celles que j’ai décrites ailleurs et en y ajoutant quelques-unes des formes européennes décrites par d’autres auteurs, on obtient le systeme suivant du Physcia pulverulenta :— . Physcia pulverulenta (Schreb.), Nyl. , forma delicata, Mer. —— ——, forma granulosa, Mer. (Hedw. 1919, p. 227). , subforma fruticulosa, Mer. (Hedw. 1919, p. 228). Oo ho some new Forms of Lichens. 485 5. Physcia pulverulenta, forma polita, Flot. 6. — , forma rugosa, Mer. (Hedw. 1919, p. 229). 7, —— , forma subvenusta (Nyl.). 8. —— ——, forma turgida (Schaer.), Harm. 9, —— , forma turgidula, Mer. 10. —— , forma venustoides, Mer. (Hedw. 1919, p. 229). 11, —— —-, var. angustata (Hoffm.), Ach. 12, —— —— , forma convera, Mer. 13. —— —— ——_,, forma elegantella, Mer. 14, ——- —— , forma negricans, Miill. Arg. (Classif.). 15, —— —— , forma nuda, Mer. (Hedw. 1919, p. 230). 16. —— , var. aguiloides, Mer. 17, —— , var. argyphea, Ach. 18, —— —— , forma centrofusca, Mer. (Hedw. 1919, p. 230). 19, —— —— , forma granulata, Mer. (Hedw. 1919, p. 281). 20, —— , var, tmbricata, B. de Lesd. 21, —— —— , forma microphyllina, Mer. (Hedw. 1919, p. 231). 22, —— , var. lepidota, Mer. 23. —— ——, var. rufescens, Mer. (Hedw. 1919, p. 231). 24, —— ——, var. subpapillosa, Cromb. Brit. Lich. i. 25, —— ——., var. venusta (Ach.). Physcta virella (Ach.), Mer., forma dendrilobata, Mer. Thallus rosulas elegantes formans, laciniis tenuibus, circiter 0-4 millim, latis, elongatis, dendritico- (interdum pinnato-) ra- mosis, discretis, soraliis minutissimis. Supra corticem fraxini. Spec. orig. in herb, Conservatorii botanici Geneve (vide Tabula Physcie virelle). Loe. Lugano, via Tesserete (Helvetia italica). Physcia virella (Ach.), Mer., forma dendrilobata, Mer., subforma tenerrima, Mer. Laciniis tenwissimis, 0°2 millim. latitudine haud superantibus, ssepe minoribus. Ad corticem fraxini. Spee. orig. in herb. Conservatorii botanici Geneve (vide Tabula Physcie virelle). Loc. Lugano, via ‘lesserete (Helvetia italica), 5 ) Physcia hispida (Schreb.), Elenk., forma auriculata, Mer. Thallus subtus albus; laciniis usque ad 2 millim. latis, awriculato- cucullatis, rhizinis paucis albidis. Ad ligna, loco aperto. Spec. ortg. in herb. Conservatorii botanici Geneve, Loc. Lugano (Helvetia italica). 486 Prof. Dr. C. Mereschkovsky on Squamaria muralis (Schreb.), Elenk., forma convexiuscula, Mer. . Thallus ut in typo, sed apotheciis livido-stramineis, convexvis, mar- ginibus nullis vel viw ullis. Ad saxa duriores. Forme curieuse dans laquelle les compartiments ou aréoles du centre du thalle sont tous transformés en apothécies livides- verdatres, qui souvent prennent ou plutét conservent la forme anguleuse des aréoles. Spec. orig. in herb. Conservatorii botanici Geneve (vide Tabula Squamarie muralis). Loc. Lugano-Prezassona (Helvetia italica). Squamaria muralis (Schreb.), Elenk., forma granulata, Mer. Thallus stramineo-albescens, e granulis squamiformibus minutis, circiter 0°2-0°5 millim, latis, planiusculis compositus, ambitu passim lobis abbreviatis. Apothecia minutissima, 0-5 millim., haud superantes, concava. Ad saxa micaceo-schistosa, Spec. orig. in herb. Conservatorii botanici Genevee (vide Tabula Squamarie muralis). Loc. Lugano-Pregassona (Helvetia italica). Squamaria muralis (Schreb.), Elenk., var. flevuosa, Mer. Thallus crassiusculus, laciniis flecuosis, mutuo pressione elevatis. Apothecia elevata, flexuosa vel subflexuosa, disco plano, margine bene evoluto. Ad tegulas. Spec. ortg. in herb. Conservatorii botanici Geneve (vide Tabula Sguamarie muralis). Loc. Chili, legit Montagne. Parmelia conspersa (Ehrh.), Ach., forma dispersa, Mer. Thallus colore ut in forma typica speciel (glaucescente-virescente), sed laciniis passim nonnihil magis dissicatis dispersisque, rosulas haud formantibus. Ad saxa micaceo-schistosa. La couleur du thalle est ici plutét un peu bleudtre (comme dans le type) que jaunatre, comme elle l’est dans ma forma ochroleuca, Mer. Les laciniures, par places plus finement découpées que dans le type, rappr ochent un peu cette forme de la var. digitulata, Nyl., quoique cependant la forma dispersa soit bien différente sous tous les autres rapports. some new Forms of Lichens. 487 Spec. orig. in herb. Conservatorii botanici Geneve (vide Tabula Parmelie consperse). Loc. Lugano-Savosa (Helvetia italica). Parmelia conspersa (Ehrh.), Ach., var. diffracta, Mer. Thallus arete adnatus, arcolato-diffractus, areolis minutis, circiter 0°5-0°7 millim. latis, convevis, concretis, laciniis in peripherio vix ullis. Apothecia quasi ut in typo. Ad saxa duriores. Spec. orig. in herb. Conservatorii botanici Geneve (vide Tabula Parmelie consperse). Loe. Southern Colorado, U.S. America. Parmelia conspersa (EKhrh.), Ach., var. digttulata, Nyl., forma intermedia, Mer. Thallus isidiis haud instructus vel vix ullis, laciniis superficialibus minus evolutis et periphericis partim latioribus, ut in forma typica speciei, partim tenuioribus, ut in var. digitulata. Ad saxa duriores. Forme intermédiaire entre cette variété et Vespéce type. Je l’ai si souvent rencontrée en France (Docelles, Vosges) et en Suisse (Lugano) que j’ai la conviction que nous avons 1a, une unité systématique distincte. Spec. orig. (1) in herb. C. Mereschkovsky, Kazani, e Gallia (Docelles), sub alt. nomine asservat., (2) in herb, Conserva- torii botanici Genevee (e Lugano). Loc. Gallia: Docelles (Vosges) ; Helvetia italica (Lugano). Parmelia conspersa (Khrh.), Ach., var. ¢stdiata (Anzi), Mer., forma heteroclyta, Mer. Lhallus glaucescenti-virescens (ut in typo speciei), centro isidiis, ut in var. isidiata et lobulis tenuiter dissectis, ut in var. digitulata, intermixtis. Ad saxa granitica. C’est une espéce d’ “hybride” des deux variétés. J’ai trouvé cette forme dans une localité de Lugano (Massagno) sur un mur en pierres granitiques a l’état pur et en si grande quantité (on aurait pu en avoir pour 25 parts identiques) que pour moi il n’y a pas de doute que ce ne soit une unité systématique distincte. Spec. orig. (1) in herb. Conservatorii botanici Genevee Ge Tabula Parmelie consperse), (2) in herb. Londini (Brit. Mus.), (3) in herb. Parisii (Muséum), (4) in herb. Cambridge, Harv. Univ. (U.S. Am.), (5) in herb. Univ. Upsale. Loc. Lugano-Massagno (Helvetia italica). 488 Prof. Dr. C. Mereschkovsky on Le Parmelia conspersa est aussi tres riche en formes et variétés. Hn voici une liste qui est loin d’étre compléte :— 1. Parmelia conspersa (Ehrh.), Ach. Voir pour le type la Tabula du Consery. botan. d. Genéve contenant cette espéce. 2. , forma dispersa, Mer. 3. —— ——, forma hypoclista (Nyl.), Mer. 4, ———- ——, forma imbricata (Mass.), Mer. (Massal. Lich. it. exs. p- 167). 5, —— , forma ochroleuca, Mer. (Additam. ad Lich. Ross. ii. Annuaire d. Conserv. et Jard. bot. d. Gen. vol. xxii.). 6, —— , forma vaga, Mer. (Bull. Soc. bot. Genéve, 1918, p. 26). 7. —— —, forma vaya magna, Mer. (Bull. Soc. bot. Genéve, 1918, p. 34). 8. —— ——, var. digitulata, Nyl. (Mereschk. Lich. Crim.). 9, —— —— , forma intermedia, Mer. 10, —— ——, var. isidiata (Anzi), Mer. 11, —— —— , forma heteroclyta, Mer. 12, —— — , forma lusttana (Nyl.), Harm. 13, —— ——, var. stenophylla, Ach. 14, —— — , forma georgiana, Ach. 15, —— ——, var. subconspersa (Nyl.), Oliv. 16. —— , var. verruciyera (Nyl.), Harm. Anaptychia ciliaris (L.), Koerb., forma helianthus, Mer. Apothecia 8-5 millim. lata, ceesio-pruinosa, margine laciniis thallinis z-1'5 millim. longis (vel minoribus) et circiter 0-3—0-4 millim. latis, sepe linearibus, canaliculatis, simplicibus vel passim sub- divisis, convexis. Ad corticem arborum. Les lobes plus courts et souvent entiers distinguent cette f.rme de la forma actinota en donnant aux apothécies, par la régularité de la disposition des lobes, l’aspect d’une fleur de tournesole. Spee. orig. in herb. Conservatorii botanici Geneve. Loc. Canton Genéve, Cointrin, leg. J. Rome, 1882 (Helvetia). Anaptychia ciliaris (L.), Koerb., forma submarginata, Mer. Apothecia 4-7 millim. lata, nuda vel leviter pruinosa, vel czsio- pruinosa, margine tenui, circiter 0-2—-0-3 (vel rarius 0°4) millim. erasso, integro vel leviter crenulato, interdum subevanescente. Ad corticem arborum. Le peu de développement du rebord thallin des apothécies est le caractéristique de cette forme. Spec. ortg. in herb. Conservatorii botanici Genevee. Loc. Vevey (Canton Vaud, Helvetia), legit Cavin; Voirons prope Geneva (Helvetia), leg. J. Rome ; Italia, in provincia Veronensi (leg. Massalongo) ; Gallia: Rambovillers. some new Forms of Lichens. 489 Cetraria hiascens (Fr.), Th. Fr., forma delicatula, Mer. Syn. Cetraria Delisei, Bor. in Norrlin et Nylander, Herb. Lich. Fenn. no. 108 a, Thallus laciniis precipue apicem versus tenwiortbus (0°5 millim. latit. et seepe minus), obseurior fuscescens. Supra terram in sphagneto. Loc. Fennia: Tavastia (Rossia), Caloplaca teicholyta (Ach.), forma nivalis, Mer. Thallus albus. Ad saxa duriores supra muros. Différe du type qui a toujours le thalle un peu grisatre par la couleur d’un blane de neige de son thalle. Surun mur en pierres dures, cété du nord. Spee. orig. in herb. Conservatorii botanici Geneve. Loc. Veyzier, prope Geneva. Dermatocarpon aquaticum, Weiss., var. nervosum, Mer. Thallus subtus niger vel fusco-nigrescens, reticulato-nervosus. Une nervure trés proéminente imitant, & s’y méprendre, la nervure typique des plantes dicoty lédonées, avec i distinction nette des nervures principales et secondaires, recouvre la face inférieure du thalle qui est toujours trés foncée, ordinairement noire. Spee. ortg. in herb, Conservatoril botanici Geneve. Loc. Lacus Blantsin (Helvetia). Biatora kreyert, Mer. C’est le lichen qui a été décrit par Kreyer (“ Contributio ad fl. lichen. gub. Mohilevensis,” nee Horti Petropolit. 1913, p. 338) sous le nom de Biatora areclata, Kreyer (nomen jam ante adhibitum). Spec. orig. in herb, cryptog. Horti Petropolit. Loc. Rossia, gubern. Mohilev. Un nombre considérable de nouvelles espéces, variétés et formes ont été récemment décrites dans mon _ ouvrage “ Schedule ad Lichenes ticinenses exsiccatos ” in ‘ Annuaire du Conservatoire et du Jardin botaniques de Geneve,’ vol. xxi. 1919, pp. 145-216. Pritre d’effacer & la p. 207 la var. arenicola, Mer., de l Omphalaria pulvinata qui n’est que le Pyrenopsis pulvinata, Harmand, Lich. de France, p. 41 (syn. Pyrenopsis hemalea, Ny Be, Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 33 490 Bibliographical Notices. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. A Handbook of British Mosquitoes. By Witt1am Dickson Lana. Pp. 125 & pls. iv. London: printed by Order of the Trustees of the British Museum. 1920. Tats Handbook gives an account of the twenty-one species of mosquito inhabiting the british Islands, illustrated by 132 excellent text-figures and 5 coloured plates; the latter represent the females of Anopheles maculipennis (the common malaria-conveying mosquito of Europe), bifurcatus, and plumbeus, and Ochlerotatus caspius and nemorosus. Nine genera are enumerated, and the earlier stages, as well as the imago, of most of the species are described and figured in detail. A. maculipennis, it may be observed, is stated to be abundant in Britain, wherever breeding conditions are suitable, and the larva has even been found in brackish-water dykes on the coast of Kent. The price charged for the Handbook is unfortunately high, due to the great cost of illustrations and printing at the present time, and this may to some extent restrict the sale of a very useful publication. Barbados-Antiqua Expedition.—Narrative and Preliminary Report of a Zoological Expedition from the University of Iowa to the Lesser Antilles under the auspices of the Graduate College. By Prof. C. C. Nurrine. University of Iowa Studies in Natural History. Vol. VIII. No. 3. Iowa City: year of publication not given [? 1920], Preface dated May 5th, 1919. Pp. 274 & pls. 1. Tis work, as stated in the Preface, is intended as a companion volume to the ‘ Narrative and Preliminary Report of the Bahama Expedition from the State University of Lowa,’ published in 1895. The islands visited by the present expedition were St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. Kitts, Antigua, Dominica, and Barbados, and head- quarters were made on Pelican Island, off the coast of Barbados, and English Harbour, Antigua. These Lesser Antilles were found to be a much poorer field than the Bahamas, Cuba, and the Florida Keys, and the amount of dredging that could be done in water over 100 fathoms deep was much less; hence the deep-sea novelties were by no means so conspicuous as those described in the Reports of the Bahama Expedition. Notes on the zoology, geology, and botany of Antigua are given on pp. 174-223, a few insects (Lepi- doptera and Hemiptera) being mentioned by Mr. D. Stoner. The work is illustrated by a sketch-map and forty-nine extremely good photographic plates. The collections made have been placed in the hands of specialists, and doubtless will be dealt with by them in subsequent Reports. Furniture-beetles, their Life-history, and how to check or prevent the damage caused by the Worm. By Cuartns J. Ganan, D.Sc. British Museum (Natural History): Economic Series, No. 11. 1920. Tuts very useful illustrated pamphlet of twenty-four pages, issued at the extremely low price of 6d., contains an account of the five Eo Geological Society. 491 beetles attacking furniture, and of the methods of prevention and control. The beetles are, Anobium punctatum (the egg, larva, imago, and sections of wood showing the holes made by the larva, are shown, either on the plate or in text-figures), Ptilinus pectini- cornis, Xestobium rufovillosum (the larva of which has done so much damage to the roof of Westminster Hall), Lyctus brunneus, and Lyctus linearis, the chief culprit being Anobium punctatum. The methods of dealing with their attacks are grouped under three headings :—(1) Treatment by heat, (2) Fumigation with a gas or vapour, (3) Treatment by the application of a liquid. PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES. GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. April 21st, 1920.—Mr. R. D. Oldhan, F.R.S., President, in the Chair. The following communication was read :— ‘The Cambrian Horizons of Comley (Shropshire), and their Brachiopoda, Pteropoda, Gasteropoda, etc.’ By Edgar Sterling Cobbold, F.G.S. As the study of the Comley Cambrian fossils proceeded, it became apparent that the several faunas (sketched out in 1911 on the evidence of the trilobites!) and their order of appearance may prove to be of more than local interest. The Author consequently proposes names for the horizons, based on their fossil contents, to replace those used in his previous publications, which were often clumsy and only of local origin, though necessary until the fossils were better known. Table I of the paper gives the names now proposed, together with those previously used, notes on the principal lithological characters of the beds, and such correlations as are at present possible. The Comley Sandstone Series includes beds of Lower Cambrian and Middle Cambrian age up to an equivalent of the Paradoxides-forchammert Zone, and is overlain by a group of shales belonging to the Upper Cambrian. The horizons now recognized and their possible correlations are as follows :— Index Hetten: Correlation Notes. Names propesed, UpprER CAMBRIAN. Orusia Shale. Ca. O. lenticularis Beds, Scandinavia and North Wales. MIDDLE CAMBRIAN. Billingsella Beds. IBC: P. forchammeri Zone, Scandinavia. ( P. davidis Beds, Scandinavia, North Paradowides-davidis Flags. Bb.5. < and South Wales in part. (Upper davidis fauna, Nuneaton. ' See E. S. Cobbold, Q. J. G. S. vol. Ixvii, pp. 282 et seqq. 492 Geological Society. Names proposed. Foe Correlation Notes. P. rugulosus Sandstone. Bb. 4. Lower davidis fauna, Nuneaton. Unexplored interval of Bb. 3. (?) Hartshillia fauna, Nuneaton. no exposure. Shaly division. Bb. 2. P. hicksi Zone, Scandinavia. P. intermedius Grit. Bb. 1. P. hicksi fauna, Nuneaton. Dorypyge-lakei Flags. ee P. elandicus Zone, Scandinavia A shaly group. Ba. 2. Pi 1 Shal = tly +. N t ; P. groomi Grits. Ba, 1. bomarhet Mirai Nich get casi ef) Lowzir CAMBRIAN. Lapworthella Limestone. Ad. : i Purley Shale, in part, Nuneaton. Protolenus LBRO SS 1000 Ac. 5.) Protolenus Zone, New Brunswick. Strenuella Limestone Ae. 4. | North Attleborough Beds, Massa- Microdiscus-bellimarginatus i chusetts. Limestone. Ac. 3. )} Callavia Beds of Manuel’s Brook Olenellus Limestone of | (Newfoundland). Lapworth. Ac. 2. Camp Hill Quartzite, Nuneaton (After Lapworth.) Callavia Sandstone. Ac. -J eI ts SEE Da Be ( Tattle Hill Quartnite enoutas 1 4 Holmia Sandstone. Ab. 3." } ¢ (after Lapworth). 2 1 Aveandatonotdi vicina Ab. 2. 7 Hollybush Sandstone, Malvern. Obolella-groomi Beds. Ab. Malvern Quartzite. Wrekin Quartzite. 7 Aa. Park Hill Quartzite, Nuneaton ibs (after Lapworth). After describing the brachiopoda, pteropoda, gasteropoda, and a few ostracoda, the Author supplies lists of all the fossils known to him, with the various horizons in ascending sequence, thus giving their order of appearance in the Comley area. The first fauna to appear is one comparable with that of the Hollybush Sandstone of Malvern. A‘second fauna in Horizon Ab 3 seems indicated by a species referred provisionally to Holmia. A third fauna, divisible into five sub-faunas, occurs in Horizons Ac 1 to Ac 5: that is, in beds associated with the Olenel/us Limestone of Comley Quarry. The brachiopoda, ete. accentuate the divergences of the sub-faunas and include 19 hitherto undescribed species—6 of brachiopoda, 8 of pteropoda, and 5 of gasteropoda. A fourth fauna appears in Horizon Ad. This horizon, a part of the well-known Black Limestone of Comley, marks the dividing-line between the Lower and the Middle Cambrian, and occurs again in the Wrekin district. An unconformity cuts out any further sequence, and brings in the Paradoxides Beds, in which a new species of Acrothyra occurs. The succeeding five faunas are indicated in the correlations given above, the evidence for the correlation of some 4 feet of beds at the top of the sandstone series of Comley with the Paradowides- forchammert Zone being supplied by seven or eight species of brachiopoda. 3 Periodicals published by TAYLOR & FRANCIS. es _ Published the First Day of every Month.—2s, 6d. nett. a Sheds OPH: LONDON, ‘EDINBURGH, and DUBLIN PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE ~ AND JOURNAL. OF SCIENCE, Conducted by SIR OLIVER JOSEPH LODGE, D.Sc., LL.D., FR, S., SIR JOSEPH JOHN THOMSON, OM, M.A., Se.D., E.R.S., JOHN JOLY, M.A., D.Sc., F.RS., E.GS., and. “WILLIAM FRANCIS, FL. S..- _ Published the Birst Day of every Month.—2s. 6d. nett. THE ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, including Zoology, Botany, and Geology. . Conducted by - WILLIAM CARRUTHERS, PhD yl RS. 2 Pas; OK Str ARTHUR E. 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Arrow, F. 18 BR = S. LIL, Deseription of a new Genus and Species, of Ore lee Cuba. By W. L. Distant ae os LI. Rhynchota from New Caledonia By W, L. Distaxe ee ee. : LIV. Notes on My anal tx, Proline (ies for tinct 2 ie | shire and Norfolk. By Hizpa K. Brapz-Brrxs, M.8c., M.B., Ch.B., ae ae L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., D.P.H., and the Rey. 8. Gragam «Brann Bras, e ihe | oS dGY .Amew, 1 et rite from. Mesopotamia. BYS Prof F. Siuracneee SS om (Plate XX.) Pl ere wert we eee ar Snr seve e ee we tees wee oe cee ewes ee 7 4 LVI. A new (erraitopilows Collembolan from West Africa, By 7 Jamus Merxie Brown, B.Sc., F. I. 8, FE. 8. Saat pot aka tees ) ween ako s LVIL. On some new Forms of ae: By Prof Dr. C: Musson: bie 3 ROVOR KS KEG cp eee eee fasts Ere eis Va cos at eae ae ae Ce | BIBLIOGRAPHIOAL NOTICES. = A Handbook of British Mosquitoes. By hse a Dickson Lane oe 490. ‘ 4 Barbados—Antigua Expedition, i Neteatii and Preliminary et of a Zoological Expedition from the University of Iowa to the Lesser Antilles under the auspices of the Graduate College. By Prof. C. C. Nurrine. University of Towa Studies in 2 Natural History. Vol. VIII. No.3 .....--..4.. ye aoe ee ie Furniture- paciled their Life-history, ae how to aliealc or pe P the damage caused by => Worm. By Cuarzes J. Boe D. Se. : ib. 4 » PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES. rk ae Geological Society ..... eee tack sion» ee eee ee eee Spee ae i *,* Itis requested that all Cubiwiuninations for this W ope cee easel? post-paid, to the Care of Messrs. Taylor and bey Printing Office, i Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, London. ia Ae Was ie peeve SERIES. No, 30. THE ANNALS AND | ae OF NATURAL HISTORY. INCLUDING ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, anp GEOLOGY, CONDUCTED BY i “WILLIAM CARRUTHERS, Pu.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S SIR ARTHUR E. SHIPLEY, G.B.E., M. a, Se.Di i. R. Bak ZS, AND RICHARD T. 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DECEMBER 1920. “_ LVIUI.—Papers on Oriental Carabida.— By H. EK. ANDREWES. HELLUONINI. Genus Macrocuizrvs AND A NEW GENUS. I was hoping to deal in this paper with all the Hastern genera of this group, but there are difficulties at present in identifying the species of the genus Omphra, and I confine myself therefore to describing some new species of the genus Maerochilus and also a new genus and species. The genus Macrochilus was indicated by Hope in his ‘ Coleopterist’s Manual,’ and hitherto seven Oriental species have been described. To these I am adding four new ones. I have included Bates’s M/. infuscatus in my “ Catalogue of Species,” but its author hardly regarded it as distinet from M. tr imaculaius, Oliv., and I have omitted it from the “ Table of Species.” In describing his AZ. nigrotibial’s in 1900 (Abh. Mus. Dresd. ix. 5, p. 3), Dr. Heller gave a table ef the Asiatic species of the genus, and enumerated ten of them: of these, two (dorsalis, Klug, and seapulart is, Klug) are African species, one (distactus, Wied.) is a Creagris, and one (tripustulatus, F.) belongs to the genus Pheropsophus. Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 34 494 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidee. Very little seems to be known of the early stages and life- history of these insects, but the larva of Creagris labrosa, Nietn., has been described and figured by Schaum (Berl. ent. Zeit. 1864, p. 116). Mr. T. G. Sloane (whose important paper on the Helluonini in Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 1914, should be read by anyone studying the group) tells us that the species of some Australian genera (not Macrochilus) are found under the bark of trees, others having terrestrial habits. One South-African species of Macrochilus, as Father O'Neil of Salisbury informs me, has certainly been taken under bark, and both he and Mr. C. N. Barker of Durban have records sowing that other species come to light in the evening. In India I have seen many examples of I/. trimaculatus, Oliv., e ming to light; my note on them reads “ always at light, they fly into the room and settle at once, without any fluttering around.” I have other records showing that specimens have been taken under stones and on grass. In the species of this genus there is considerable variation in the buccal organs, the structural characters of the body being fairly constant. Thus, the ligula is generally emar- ginate in front, but sometimes straight (dmpictus) and some- times arcuate (vitalis?). ‘The labrum is sexsetose, but the sete are arranged in various ways. The tooth of the mentum is sometimes glabrous, sometimes setose. The form of the palpi also varies a good deal, and the penultimate joint of the labial palpi is sometimes bisetose, sometimes plurisetose. I have made use of most of these characters in an attempt to differentiate the species. I propose to give first a fresh description of the genus, then a catalogue of the species, followed by a dichotomic table, and, finally, descriptions of the new species. I have also added a few notes on some of the old species, which I thought might be of use. Generic Characters. Ligula fairly wide, deeply impressed at sides on under surface for reception of the squama palpigera, from which results a more or less well-developed longitudinal keel, which disappears or forks about middle and is succeeded by a central channel to near apex ; at least one pair of setee towards apex aud sometimes others along sidés of channel. Paraglosse present (in all species I have dissected), rudimentary, mem- bianous, whitish in colour, shorter than ligula and attached to it at base (generally visible only after dissection, and then from above). MMazille with a row of stout setee on inner margin, apex smooth, hooked, and sharp. Palpi stout and eee re a i a ae a ET Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. 495 rather short, of varying form, apical joint often dilated, pen- ultimate joint of labials bi- or plurisetose. Mentum deeply emarginate, with a long slender tooth, lobes also sharp, elon- gate, and nearly always a little longer than tooth, base (and generally also surface) of tooth setose, epilobes narrow. Labrum porrect, smooth and shiny, sexsetose, generally rather pointed in front, with rounded apex. Mandibles short and wide, more or less toothed near base, sharp at apex, outer sides minutely setose at base, a row of sete along and within upper margin of scrobe (in all species dissected), a longitudinal ridge running along the underside, parallel with inner margin and generally densely fringed with minute setae. Length 11:0-12°0 mm.; width 3°50-3°75 mm. Piceous black ; elytra each with a median and apical yellowish spot, front margin of clypeus, a spot on vertex between eyes, side-margins of prothorax, legs, labrum, and palpi testacecus red, antenne brown, pubescence yellow. Head (2°0 mm. wide) convex behind, rather flat in front, closely punctate, clypeus with only a few punctures in middle, gene short, joining neck rather abruptly; antenne stout, hardly reaching middle of bony joint 1 eylindrical=11, 2 and 4 about half as long as 1, 3=5, whence the joints lengthen slightly to apex. Prothorax (2°5 mm. wide) slightly convex, half as wide again as long, widest at a third from apex, front angles rounded and fringed with leng- hairs, sides rounded. in front, sinuate behind and falling on base at nearly a right angle, median pat of base. widely though slightly produced 506 Mr. D. M. 8. Watson on the Cynodontia. backwards, sides of base oblique and emarginate, median line very fine, surrounded by a depressed area, transverse impressions, and especially basal fovex, well marked ; surface coarsely punctate. Elytra rather flat, parallel, not quite twice as long as wide, truncate, and with a fine membranous border at apex, punc- tate-striate, intervals slightly convex, with two rather ire- gular rows of punctures, interval 8 rather wider than the others, more closely and quite irregularly punctate ; front spot rounded, placed just betore middle, and covering intervals 3-7, hind spot close to apex, covering intervals 1-6 (though leaving a thin dark line at suture), tapering outwards. Under- side rather shiny, middle of head and of sterna with only a few scattered punctures. In appearance strikingly like Macrochilus trimaculatus, Oliv., the general form and the elytral spots being almost exactly similar; the size, however, is uniformly smaller, while the form of the labrum and maxille and the totally different shape of the last joint of the maxillary palpi give an easy means of discrimination. British Sikkim: Gopaldhara (H. Stevens), 1 ex., type. Mr. Stevens has kindly allowed me to retain this in my collection. Burma: Tenasserim, Mergui (Doherty). Assam: Sadiya (Doher/y).—British Museum. British Sikkim: Pashok, 2500! (Z. C. Hartless).—Indian Museum. Bombay: Bassein Fort. Bengal: Chapra (Mackenzie).— Pusa Agric. Res. Inst. Indo-China: Yen Bay (Dr. Deyrolle). —Coll. E. Fleutiaux. Indo-China: Tonkin, Hoabinh ; Annam, Cuarao; Laos, Vientiane, Muong Sai, Sop Choun, Natung, Houei Ko (2. Vitalis de Salvaza). Indo-China: Annam, Vinh.—Brussels Museum. LIX.—On the Cynodontia. By D. M.S. Watson. In various recent papers I have divided the advanced Theriodont reptiles which possess a secondary palate of mammalian type into two grotips :— The Cynodontia, which have no suborbital vacuities. The Bauriamorpha, which have large suborbital vacuities. The former group has descended from the Gorgonopsians, Ee Mr. D. M. 8. Watson on the Cynodontia. 507 a conclusion placed, I hope, almost beyond doubt by the description by myself (not yet published) of a series of forms leading up to their structure. ‘I'he other group appears to have arisen independently from the Therocephalia. All the recent discussions of Cynodont affinities have been founded on Gomphognathus (Diademodon), the structure of whose skull is known in very great detail (Broom, 1912; Watson, 1912 and 1913). Gomphognathus is, however, one of the most advanced Cynodonts, an@ hence less useful for comparison with more primitive reptiles than an earlier form would be. I therefore purpose to describe as fully as the material allows other Cynodont forms in the ensuing paper. Galesaurus planiceps, Owen, 1859. Type and only known material, a slightly crushed and damaged skull from the ‘f Rhenosterberg,” Cape Province. The Rhenosterberg referred to forms part of the Sneewberg Range, about 20 miles to the N.E. of Graaf Reinet. Other fossils from the same locality include Lystrosaurus and an advanced Cynognathus-zone Cynodont, Cynochampsa laniaria. The matrix of the Galesaurus skull is that of the Lystro- saurus skulls from the same locality, and it is hence not improbably of Lystrosaurus-zone age—t. e., the base of the Trias. The skull was well described by Owen (Q.J.G.S. vol. xvi. p. 58, and ‘ Catalogue of Fossil Reptiles of S. Africa,’ p. 23, pl. xviui.). The occipital condyle is double, the two presumably exoccipital condyles being separated by a distinct wide gap. The occiput is remarkably wide and low, very square cut. It has the usual Theriodonut structure of an occipital plate oveilapped by a median interparietal and a pair of tabulars which form the upper borders of the smal] post-temporal fossee, which lie high up. ‘The tabular does not extend down to the paroccipital outside the fossa. ‘The paroccipital process, correctly determined by Owen, is very massive and distally supports the squamosal. The parietals together roof the brain-case, forming an unexpectedly wide intertemporal bar, and surrounding the medium-sized pineal foramen. ‘The posterior end of the parietal unites with the interparietal and the tabular, and the front face of its posterior wing is overlapped by the squamosal. The anterior end of the parietal is not terminated by a recog- nizable suture, but it is obvious that it forms a short pointed area ou the top of the skull separated from its fellow nearly 508 Mr. D. M. 5. Watson on the Cynodontia, back to the pineal foramen by the wedge-shaped posterior’ ends of the frontals and overlapped externally by the postorbital. The frontals are unusually large, but are completely excluded from the orbital margin. The postorbital, prefrontal, Jachrimal, and the orbital end of the jugal agree exactly with those of Gomphognathus. The nasals are large bones, only very slightly expanded caudally; in correlation with the Fig. 1. Galesaurus planiceps, Ow. The type-skull viewed from above, x 1, Fr., frontal; Mx., maxilla; Na., nasal; P.O., postorbital ; Pr.F., prefrontal; S@., squamosal. great width of the snout they are wide throughout their length. The anterior margins of the nasals are nearly straight lines placed at an angle of about 45° with the mid- line of the skull. The nostrils in consequence look forward and outward and not at all upward. The squamosal is a large very massive bone which articu- lates powerfully with the end of the paroccipital process, and ———— SL Mr. D. M. 8S. Watson on the Cynodontia. 509 is further supported by the tabular covering its hinder surface and by an extension of its inner and upper corner on to the outer surface of the parietal. eal Nal Fame Ju. Qu.u. Galesaurus planiceps, Ow. The type-skull viewed from the side, x 1. Reference-letters as before, with:—Ju., jugal; Lac., lachrimal ; Qu.J., quadratu-jugal ; S.Mx., septomaxilla. The upper surface of this massive root of the squamosal is flattened and plunges down into the temporal fossa, Laterally to its root the squamosal projects outward and Galesaurus planiceps, Ow. Type-skull from behind, x 1. T.Par., interparietal ; Qu., quadrate ; TaB., tabular. downwards, the thin lower margin being incised by a trian- gular notch associated with the insertion of the quadrate complex, Ann. d& May. N. Mist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 39 510 Mr. D. M. 8. Watson on the Cynodontia. Finally, the squamosal runs forward along the upper edge of the zygoma for some distance. The whole squamosal region is rounded, differing markedly from its contour in Gomphognathus. The jugal is a large bone, forming the whole of the lower margin of the orbit, and sending a long, very strong, process back below the postorbital and squamosal to form the major part of the zygoma. Below the orbit the lower border of the jugal is carried down to form a low process much roughened by muscle-insertions, which is homologous with a much larger process in Cynognathus and Gomphognathus. ‘This process is presumably associated with the musculature of the lips. The maxilla is, as always in Cynodonts, a large deep bone extending forward with its upper edge in contact with the jugal, lachrimal, nasal and septomaxilla to a sutural overlap on to the premaxilla. The premaxilla is only incompletely preserved, the outer wall of the alveoli and the internarial process being broken away. The septomaxilla is a relatively large bone lying on the anterior border of the maxilla and excluding that bone from any participation in the nostril, It forms a small exposed urea on the face, extending inwards as a vertical plate of bone for some distance ; the anterior surface is depressed into a conical pit, bounded externally by the maxilla ; between the two bones is a small foramen, not visible from the side, which is the last remnant of the septomaxillary foramen, which is shown by comparison with Faweett’s figures of Tatusta to be probably for the passage of the ductus naso-lachrimalis. The septomaxilla has a small upstanding process at its lower end, but appears to lack the customary process at the middle of its height. Quadrate-—The quadrate complex is a small bone visible only from behind through the notch in the lower part of the squamosal. It is clearly divided into two parts—an inner (the quadrate) and an outer attached only to the lower edge of the quadrate and separated from it above by a groove ending in an enlarged foramen ; tliis element is the quadrato- jugal, here recognized for the first time in a Cynodont. It is clearly shown by the specimen that the outer edge and upper end of the notch in the squamosal are moulded on the quadrato-jugal, the lower part of the inner border of the notch, which is so cut out as to produce an incipient division into two, bearing a similar relation to the quadrate. Mr. D. M. 8. Watson on the Cynodontia. 511 Brain-case.—The brain-case is still incompletely exposed, but it is obvious that the structure is very much as in Gomphognathus, there being a much expanded epiptery goid With a venous groove along the suture between that bone and the parietal and a foramen | opening into if. The stapes is a short bone, very nearly as wide as long. It is perforated dor so-ventrally by a large foramen. Except for one detail, the dentition was correctly described by Owen, the dental formula is ¢. 4, c. 5, m. 5 There is no visible distinction of premolars and molars and no evidence of any kind of tooth-succession, Although Owen states that the molars are “ simple crowned ”’ and conical, there is clear evidence, chiefly from the impression on the matrix, that they are flattened, being oval in cross-section, with the long axis antero-posterior ; and cusped, the anterior cusp being the main cone, and being followed by one or two smaller subsidiary cusps. The upper canine is a tooth of extraordinary antero- posterior width, Cynosuchus supportus, Owen, Cat. Foss. Rept. 8. Afr. pl. xvii. Type, Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. Cisticephalus-zone, Styl- krantz, Sneewberg. The snout slightly dorso-ventrally crushed and broken, but well preserved. Fig. 4. Mx. Na, OMx. Cynosuchus supportus, Ow. ‘The left side of the snout of the type, x 1. 30* 512 Mr. D. M. 8S. Watson on the Cynodontia. A complete skull in the South-African Museum has been partly described by Haughton, As I hope Mr. Haughton will shortly publish a full account of his most important specimen, L here give only notes of some morphologically important features shown on the type. It is obvious that the snout was very low and broad, the width at the canine being of the order of one and a half times the height. The snout is very short, the whole descending flange of the pterygoid being preserved on the right side. Although no part of the orbital margin is preserved, there 1s no doubt that the orbit lies immediately behind the broken posterior edge of the specimen, that part of the jugal which forms its lower border being preserved on the right side. ‘The upper dental formula is correctly given by Owen. There is a large septomaxilla shown on both sides, which articulates with the maxilla and premaxilla, and is wedged in between the maxilla and nasal above in a typically Gorgo- nopsid fashion. There is a septomaxillary foramen of fair size lying between the maxilla and septomaxilla, and opening out on the side of the face. The anterior border of the nasals seems to have projected over the nostril as in Gorgonopsids. Nythosaurus larvatus, Owen, Cat. Foss. Rept. 8. Afr. pls. xx. and xxxiv. p. 24. Type-specimen, Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. R. 1713, the ironstone cast of the inside of the skull and lower jaw. Said by Owen to be from ‘ Tafelberg,’” Sneewberg ; by Broom from the Caledon Road, O.F.S.; collected by W. G. Atherstone. Horizon unknown, probably Lystrosaurus- or Procolophon- zone. ‘T'ype further described by Seeley (Phil. Traus. B, vol. 180, p» 278) and by Watson (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. xil.). Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. R. 847. Cast of the nasal cavity, with the maxillary and some mandibular teeth well preserved, The dentition shown on the type-skull is ¢. 3, ¢. 3, m. 3. R. 847 has eight upper molars and suggests six or seven lower molars. The only additional point of interest to be extracted from the specimen is that there is a relatively large reflected Jamina of the angular originating just behind the dentary and extending downwards and backwards as a fan-shaped bone. Mr. D. M. S. Watson on the Cynodontia. 513 Thrinaxodon liorhinus, Seeley, Phil. Trans. B, vol. 185, eoo0: (“ Galesaurus planiceps” in errore); Owen, Q. J. GS. _ vol, xliii. pl. (“ Nythosaurus larvatus” in errore) ; Broom, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1911, p. 900. Type-specimen, Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. R. 511, a remarkably complete skull and lower jaw with fragmentary axis and atlas very well preserved and prepared. Locality “Orange Free State,’’ horizon unknown. R. 5114, an incomplete, well-preserved, adult skull, ob- viously from the same locality as the type. R. 3731, perfect skull and lower jaw, with fragments of atlas, axis, and manus. Juvenile specimen, showing tooth- change. ‘* Griqualand.” Broom’s Ictidopsis, from the Lystrosaurus-zone of Harris- mith, where it is associated with Lydekkerina, may be co-generic. It is not improbable that the type-skull may have been found with the types of Lydekkerina. The skull and lower jaw of this species have been described by Owen, Seeley, and Broom, and Woodward (under the name Galesaurus) has given an interpretation of the palate. The general structure in this family is well known. The more interesting new details are:— The occiput is triangular, the squamosal articulating with the occiput low down, as in ’Cynognathus and Gomphognathus. The auditory groove is bounded internally by a shallow long recurved process from the squamosal, very much in the Gorgonopsid fashion, the groove not being carried out on to the side of the head as in later Cynognathids. The quadrate complex is fixed into two notclies in the lower border of the squamosal. On the upper surface the relatively large size of the frontal and lachrimal is noticeable. The nostril faces largely forward, and is not in any way overhung by the anterior border of the nasal. The septo- maxilla is smal], has a small facial exposure, and is entirely separated from the maxilla by the premaxilla below and the nasal above. Between the septomaxilla and maxilla is a small septomaxillary foramen opening on the side of the face. The brain-case is quite similar to that of Gomphognathus. The foramen for the tenth nerve opens on the lower surface of the triangular basicranial mass. ‘The fenestra ovalis is a small opening on the side of this mass. 514 Mr. D. M. 8. Watson on the Cynodontia. The epipterygoid is widened so as to form a long lateral wall to the anterior part of the brain-case. It is produced backward to articulate with the quadrate, and is supported by a massive process arising from the anterior face of the par- occipital process. The second and third divisions of the fifth nerve leave the brain-cavity, which is here not homologous Thrinaxodon liorhinus, Seeley. Dorsal surface of the skull, chiefly from the type-specimen, X 1 ‘ with that of a reptile but agrees with that of a mammal in including the cavum epipterycum, through a single foramen lying above the quadrate ramus of the epipterygoid. The pterygoid is a remarkable bone ; it is articulated with the lower surface of the basip‘erygoid processes, and has a Mr, D. M. 8. Watson on the Cynodontia, 515 long, slender, quadrate ramus running backward in contact with the lower edge of the quadrate ramus of the epipterygoid to the region of the anterior end of the process from the front face of the pro-otic. This structure is shown clearly in Fig. 6. u. QuJ. Thrinaxodon liorhinus, Seeley. Palate from the type-specimen, the secondary palate in advance of the hinder margin being con- cealed in the known specimens. Xx 1. Reference-letters as before, with :—K.Pr., epipterygoid; Ec.Pr., ecto- pterygoid; Patu., palatine; Pr., pterygoid; Sr., stapes; Vo., vomer; X., foramen for vagus. R. 511 and R. 3731. Anteriorly the pterygoid extends far forward on the palate, forming the side-walls of the great median groove which forms the roof of the naso-pharyngeal 516 Mr. D. M. 8S. Watson on the Cynodontia. passage. With its fellow it forms a process which splits the hinder end of the vomer into two, whilst more laterally it separates the palatine and vomer. The ectopterygoid is a bone of medium size lying on the front of the root of the pterygoidal flange. Thrinavodon liorhinus, Seeley. Occiput of a young individual, x 1. There is a secondary palate. The stapes, preserved in R. 511, is a short powerful bone with a foramen passing through it. The dentition is 7. 4, ¢. 1, m. 6, the last tooth cutting late in life, Fig. 8. Mx. Na. SMx. “ Wy , “Z Thrinaxodon liorhinus, Seeley. Snout, to show the septo-maxillary, x 1. The lower jaw has been described by Broom. There is a medium-sized reflected lamina rising from the angular at its point of articulation with the deutary. Mr. D. M. 8. Watson on the Cynodontia. 517 Cynognathus crateronotus, Seeley. This species is represented in the British Museum collection by the following skull material :— R. 2571. The skull of the type-specimen, nearly com- plete, but so laterally compressed as to give a very imperfect view of the palate. U ! ae a AN ‘> Stata NEN Cynognathus crateronotus, Seeley. Palate, x 3. Reconstructed from four specimens, 518 Mr. D. M. 8. Watson on the Cynodontia. R. 2572. The detached occiput figured by Seeley (Phil. Trans. B, vol. 186, p. 130). Direct comparison and measure- ments leave no doubt of the specific determination of this important fragment. R. 3604. ‘lhe detached and absolutely perfectly preserved maxilla figured by Seeley (Geol. Mag. 1908, p. 486). R. 4103. A dorso-ventrally crushed skull lacking the premaxillee and part behind the orbits, but giving a good palate. R. 4101. An uncrushed snout, with the bone of the upper and outer surfaces weathered away, but showing the posterior part of the palate perfectly. Measurements on the teeth leave no doubt of the specific identity of all these skulls. From them I have drawn fig. 9. The palate of Cynognathus, although it is morphologically identical with that of Gomphognathus, Watson, 1911, presents a somewhat different appearance owing to the slenderness of the caudal part of the skull and the powerful snout. Seeley’s original accurate but difficult account of the basicranial region was added to by the writer, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1911, ser. 8, vol. vili. pp. 293-330. The pterygoid has no quadrate ramus and is very short anteriorly, the vomer forming the whole of the roof of the groove in the palate, and separating the pterygoids to the beginning of the pterygo-parasphenoid bar. The palatine is in contact with the vomer throughout its length. The ectopterygoid is a small bone lying at the root of the huge pterygoid flange and completely surrounded by other bones. The isolated maxilla R. 3604 shows anteriorly the posterior part of the very deep pit for the reception of the lower canine, the whole anterior margin of its secondary plate being a sutural surface for the premaxilla. It is obvious that the structure must have been different from that of Lycognathus as described by Broom, Phil. Trans. B, vol. 206, p. 44. This maxilla also shows that there was a minute septomaxillary foramen opening forward at the posterior margin of the nostril. Protacmon brachyrhinus, gen. et sp. n. Type a beautifully preserved skull, with lower jaw in apposition, from the Cynognathus-zone, Essex, Dist. Albert, Cape Province, 8. Africa, collected by the author. ‘This specimen presents an interesting accident of preserva- tion. Although perfectly preserved and with the teeth tightly Mr. D. M. 8. Watson on the Cynodontia, 519 interlocked, the pre- and septomaxillaries are missing and the anterior ends of both dentaries have been broken away— removed, strangely enough, so as to leave two premolar teeth completely exposed to the base of the root, these teeth remaining in their natural position. There can be no doubt whatever that this loss is due to the bite of another animal on the fresh head with the muscles and gums intact. In genetal morphology the skull is identical with that of Gom phognathus, differing trom G. browni (Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. viii. p. 293 &e.) in the shorter snout, longer temporal fosse, and wider occiput. Minor differences of interest are the smaller area of the frontals and lachrimals. ‘The upper dental formula is 2. ?, ¢. 1, pm.? 2, m. 8. The interest and generic distinction of the specimen lies in the brain-case and quadrate region. The quadrate complex consists of a small quadrate lying in a depression on the front face of the lower edge ot the squamosal, and attached to that bone by the reception of its caudally produced outer edge in a slit. This quadrate is devoid of any trace of a pterygoid wing. To the outer edge of the articular margin of the quadrate is fused the quadrato- jugal—a very small bone whose lower edge is condylar,—the upper part of the bone running up in contact with the front face of the squamosal and being separated from the quadrate by a foramen. It expands into a uarrow sheath which spreads inward between the quadrate and squamosal to be received in a slit in the latter bone. Comparison of the whole arrange- ment with the Gorgonopsids and Dicynodonts justifies the separation of the two elements, although no suture is visible between them. ‘The brain-case, as shown from behind and from the side, agrees with Gomphognathus in general morphology, but differs in the much greater relative size of the foramen between the prootic and the epipterygoid, which extends up to the parietal and is obscurely divided into two by a process from the front edge of the prootic. There is thus apparently a suppression of the processus prooticus superior of Gompho- gnathus. The epipterygoid has a wide expansion on the side of the brain-case and extends back to the usual process on the frout face of the prootic. It there terminates on both sides of the specimen in a slightly thickened and irregular margin, being separated from the quadrate by a gap of more than 1 cm. ‘The series of venous grooves which I described on the brain-case of Gomphognathus appears in Protacmon with great 520 Mr. D. M. 8. Watson on the Cynodontia. Fig. 10. Protacmon brachyrhinus, gen. et sp. n. Type-skull, dorsal aspect, x 3. Fig. 11. 5a. Ju. Den. Protacmon brachyrhinus, gen. et sp. n, ‘Type-skull, lateral aspect, x 4. Ane. Mr. D. M. S. Watson on the Cynodontia. 521 em - 2 Ny a. a Sh PLE Qu Qu¥. Protacmon brachyrhinus, gen, et sp. n. Occiput of the type-skull, x 3 Ne Ye AN Fig. 13. Sq. VETE VOL. YS VS.C_ Sa. di? Ee esOee. Protacmon brachyrhinus. The type-specimen, with the block con- taining the upper part of the right squamosal removed, viewed obliquely from above and the right. The course of the veins in the temporal fossa, so far as it is clearly recognizable from the groove on the bones, is indicated in black. W.Pr., epipterygoid; Ju., jugal; Ors., right orbit; Se., squamosal ; V.C.L., vena capitis lateralis ; VS. C., the vein of the “sinus canal” ‘ V.P.T.E., the vein which passes through the post- temporal fossa; V.2+%, the foramen through which the maxillar ‘y and mandibular branches of the trigeminus leave the skull. 522 Mr. D. M. 8. Watson on the Cynodontia. clearness. A vein—the vena capitis lateralis—passes forward below the paroccipital process, and turns up the anterior face of that bone through the incomplete pterygo-paroccipital fossa. It then splits into three, one of which rises and passes back- wards and outward through the post-temporal fossa, This fossa is overhung by a special flange of the squamosal, in order to prevent constriction of the vein by the action of the great temporal muscle. The second vein rises up and then turns inward and forward, passing along the ‘sinus canal” to the orbit, but receiving a vein from the brain-case through a foramen lying between the parietal and prootic. . The third branch passes directly inward and forward along a groove on the upper surface of that process of the prootic which joins the epipterygoid quadrate wing, and finally passes into the brain-eavity through a notch on the hinder border of the epipterygoid low down in the skull. It is probable, although there is no definite evidence, that the vein receives another passing out of the brain-cavity through the upper part of the large foramen between the front of the prootic and the back of the epipterygoid. This venous arrangement seems to occur in all Cynodonts known. The lower jaw of Protacmon is perfectly preserved, although the splenial and coronoid region is not exposed. It agrees in structure with Cynognathus (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. x. p. 574), but the hinder part of the jaw is still further reduced and the dentary larger. An interesting feature is the presence on the upper surface of the surangular of a depressed roughened area adapted to the inner surface of the great groove in the dentary. ‘T'his area extends back very nearly to the articular surface, but it is certain that the dentary does not in any place touch the squamosal. The extraordinarily small size of the cavity of the jaw between the surangular and prearticular is vividly shown by the specimen where the articular ends abruptly, the cavity in front of it being only 1 mm. wide and 3 high. I have seen no trace of the reflected lamina, which, if present, must have been very small. The series of Cynodonts described above cover the period of time extending from the upper part of the Cisticephalus- zone, of extreme Upper Permian age, to the Cynognathus-zone, which is earlier than Upper Trias, and shows that very con- Mr. D. M.S. Watson on the Cynodontia. 523 siderable changes in the structure of members of the group took place during this period. Galesaurus and Cynosuchus represent very nearly the same morphological stage, being little more advanced than the contemporary Gorgonopsid Arctognathus. Primitive features are :— » The low wedge-shaped snout. . The overhang of the anterior border of the nasal. The large facial exposure of the septomaxilla. . The only slightly complicated molar teeth. . The broad low occiput and the depth of the squamosal at its attachment to the brain-case in Galesaurus. 6. The mode of articulation of the quadrate complex in Galesaurus to be compared with Asthenauchenia. 7. The relatively large quadrate and hinder part of the jaw. Advanced features are :— 1. The reduction of the parietal region to a sagittal crest. 2. ‘The presence of paired occipital condyles. 3. The secondary palate. 4, ‘he increase in the number of cheek-teeth. Ot He OF bo fH Nythosaurus retains a primitive feature in its very large reflected lamina from the angular. Thrinawodon is in general more advanced than the pre- ceding form, but retains as primitive features :— 1. The facial exposure of the septomaxilla. 2. The septomaxillary foramen opening outward, . Large frontals and lachrimals. . A long quadrate ramus of the pterygoid. . A considerable forward extension of the pterygoid on the sides of the median groove of the palate. 6. The small auditory groove. It is advanced in :— 1. The lack of an overhanging anterior border of the nasal. . The powerful quadrate ramus of the epipterygoid. . The position of the foramen jugulare on the lower surface. . The insertion of the quadrate complex into two slits in the lower border of the squamosal. . The triangular occiput. Ue os me cre or 524 Mr. D. M.S. Watson on the Cynodontia. Cynognathus agrees very closely with Gomphognathus in structure. It is advanced over Thrinawxodon in :— Further retraction of the anterior border of the nasal. Loss of the facial exposure of the septomaxilla. Further specialization of the dentition. Further reduction of the hinder end of the lower jaw. Complete loss of the quadrate ramus of the pterygoid. Regression of the anterior margin of the pterygoid and loss of the process separating the palatine and vomer. 7. Backward extension of the vomer. Protacmon, the most advanced Cynodont known, differs from its ally Gomphognathus in the complete loss of the quadrate ramus of the epipterygoid, thus freeing the quadrate, and in a further reduction in size of the bones ‘of the back of the jaw. This loss of any connection between the epipterygoid and the quadrate is the logical completion of the whole evolution of this region in Theriodontia. In early Gorgonopsids there is a normal quadrate ramus of the pterygoid, passing behind the pterygoid ramus of the quadrate. In Arctognathus the pterygoid fails to reach the quadrate by a few millimetres. In Thrinaxodon the pterygoid has a considerable quadrate ramus lying below that of the epipterygoid, which itself passes back to the quadrate. In Gomphognathus polyphagus there is no quadrate ramus of the pterygoid, but the hinder surface of the quadrate ramus of the epipterygoid is supported by a long splint from the quadrate. In G. brown? this quadrate splint is lost and the epipterygoid and quadrate only just meet. In Protacmon they are widely separated and the quadrate is supported solely by the squamosal. Thus, known Cynodonts give us a series of morphological stages, which bridge over the gap between the advanced Gor rgonopsids like Arctognathus and so remarkably mammal- like an animal as Protacmon. I am indebted to the Percy Sladen Fund for assistance in visiting South Africa and there collecting the type-skull of Protacmon. ~ F Observations on Paludestrina ulvee and ventrosa. 525 LX.—Observations on the Succession of the Gastropods Paludestrina ulvee and ventrosa in Brackish Water. By G. C. Rosson, B.A. (Published by permission of the ‘Trustees of the British Museum.) In the marshes immediately west of Leigh-on-Sea, in Hssex, there is a system of tidal ditches in which can be seen a eradual transition from an estuarine to a brackish fauna and flora. Two of the most prolific members of this fauna— the Gastropods Paludestrina ulve and ventrosa—were selected for ecological study in May of the present year, and observa- tions were made upon them periodically until Ssptember. In the latter month some of the ditches were cleared out for agricultural or sanitary purposes, and, as a consequcnce, the observations were discontinued. Although a year’s observa- tions are desirable in such cases, certain of the distributional phenomena recorded were so constant and well marked as to justify publication. Due west of Leigh the first marsh forms a narrow plain between low cliffs and a lateral channel of the Thames known as “Leigh Ray.” The marsh appears to be rather lower than the high-tide mark of the river, and is protected from the latter by a high sea-wall. Inside and parallel to the latter is a ditch about 8-9 feet wide which receives supplies of sea-water at intervals (v. ¢fra) through a drain piercing the wall. From this main ditch are given off at right angles a number of secondary ditches, which traverse the marsh and receive a certain amount of surface-drainage. These ditches are obviously artificial, and give the impression that the marsh was at one time either cultivated or used for sewage-disposal. At either end the main ditch bends at right angles and forms two secondary ditches, of which there are six in all. Four of these are in open communication with the main ditch, though they appear to be drying up. The two others were cut off from the main ditch during the period of observation. It is the relation of their fauna and flora to those of the main ditch that is the matter of special interest. Of the two closed ditches, one—the westernmost of all— was separated by a considerable patch of dry land developing (probably through local elevation) in what was once obviously a continuous channel. The other closed ditch—the fourth Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 30 526 Mr. G. C. Robson on the Succession from the west—was separated only by a few feet of dry land rising an inch or so above the water-level at the point of junction. There can be very little doubt that both these ditches receive water from the main ditch, but only at intervals when the latter has received an exceptionally large supply from the river. It is impossible to be certain whether the main ditch gets filled at every high tide and the secondary ditches only at every spring tide, or whether the main ditch is untouched by the neaps and filled by the springs, and the secondary ditches only added to by exceptionally high springs. It is certain, however, that the closed secondary ditches do not receive as much sea-water as the main ditch. Variation in the amount of water in the former, and, as a consequence, in its temperature and salinity, must therefore be more marked in the closed than in the main ditches, at least in the summer and early autumn months. The fauna and flora of the three ditches is indicated in the Jollowing lists. They are by no means exhaustive, but indicate the chief forms or associations observed :— A. Main ditch (eight stations: May—September) : Nereis diversicolor. Paludestrina ulve (swarming). ventrosa (rare). Alderia modesta. Limepontia (se.) nigra. Cardium edule. Carcinus menas. Gobius sp. Ulva lactuca. Vaucheria sp. Salinity : 2°76 °/,-2°95 °/, NaCl. B. Westernmost secondary ditch (closed) (four stations: May-September) : Paludestrina ulve (very rare indeed, only in August). ~—— ventrosa (swarming). Palemonetes varians. . Carcinus menas. Ruppia maritima (May-July). Enteromorpha tntestinalis (August). Vaucheria sp. (August), Salinity : 2°47 °/,-2°75 °/, NaCl. of Paludestrina ulve and ventrosa. 527 C. Fourth secondary ditch from west (closed) (four stations : May-September) : Upper end— Paludestrina ventrosa (swarming). Ruppia maritima (May-July). Linteromor pha intestinalis (August) Vaucheria sp. Salinity ; 2°78 °/,-2°9 °/, NaCl. Lower end— Paludestrina ulve (swarming). —— ventrosu (moderately numerous), Ulva lactuca. Voy: 41. 9.790 PO R-OF @NT. Salinity ; 2°78 °/,-2°95 °/, NaCl. From the above lists it will be seen that Paludestrina ulvw appears to be limited to water in which Ulva occurs. Stragglers may be found upon other plants (nteromorpha intestinalis and Schlerochroa maritima) in this area, but it attains its maximum upon Ulva. P. ventrosa, on the other hand, appears to be less restricted in its distribution, as it occurs in quite appreciable numbers in all three ditches and upon a variety of plants. It therefore may be reckoned as more plastic and adaptable than P. ulve, though it un- doubtedly thrives in permanently brackish water—an assump- tion borne out by its absence from typically estuarine faunas. Attempts were made with artificial sea-water to discover the lowest degree of salinity that P. ulve would tolerate. For reasons given below it was impossible to arrive at any precise figures, but this much was satisfactorily ascertained — that in water under *5 °/, NaCl the animal contracted imme- diately upon immersion and never emerged from its shell as Jong as it remained in that water, while in water of 1-0 ope NaCl it showed no obvious discomfort upon immersion and, on the whole, behaved very much as it did in higher salinities. Placed in water from © (upper end), from which it is normally absent, it belived in its ordinary fashion. In the course of these attempts a curious confirmation was obtained of the view that P. ventrosa is more adaptable than P.ulve. ‘The behaviour of the two animals in captivity is very different. P. ventrosa proved itself a very satisfactory subject, as it always remained in the water in which it was placed. P. ulve, on the other hand, was invariably intrac- tible. It usually crawled out of the water, and, if possible, 30* 528 Observations on Paludestrina ulvee and ventrosa. out of the vessel containing it, even if the salinity of the water was normal, It is clear from this account that there must be some factor limiting the susie) Vera of P. ulve as compared to that of P. ventrosa. It is plain that it has the opportunity of getting into the last closed ditch and the upper waters of the fourth ditch, but is never found in the latter and only very rarely in the former. Salinity cannot be the limiting factor, as we have seen that it tolerates low salinities and it also occurs in other places—e. g., the Exe estuary (1)—where it must expe- rience considerable daily alteration in salinity. Temperature need scarcely be considered, as all the ditches are adjacent and very shallow. ‘The main ditch is usually rather deeper than the others; but P. ulve has been found elsewhere swarming in water as shallow as that of the closed ditches. On the whole, it seems more likely that the presence or absence of a food-plant is the limiting factor, P. ulve is not limited to Ulwa lactuca, as it occurs at Leigh on Schlerochroa maritima, on Ulva, Euteromorpha, and Zostera plentifully in the Exe estuary (1), and on Ulva and Zostera in the Pagham lagoon (Robson MS.). But it is plain that in this area nothing had tempted it out of the Ulva-water to colonize in water from which Ulva was abseut even in August when Enteromorpha had replaced Ruppia. One must therefore conclude that Ulva is the limiting factor in the present area and that the molluse has not yet adapted itself to the other available plants, though elsewhere it is not limited to Ulva laetuca. It would be interesting to know if the chief plants of this area show the succession usually found, and so to show that the succession of the two molluscs depended ultimately upon the physical factors determining the distribution of the plants. Untortunately the minimum salinity which Ulva lactuca tolerates is apparently unknown, nor are there apparently any British records for the exact distribution of Ruppia maritima. It has been shown that the latter occurs with Zos/era and apparently Ulva luctuca in tidal waters in America (3). It should also be pointed out that in the main ditch there were signs of pollution (either natural or from sewage), which might easily disturb the ordinary plant succession and account for the fact that in two ditches only differing in a slight degree of salinity there is such a marked difference in the flora. It is well known that Ulva lactuea tends to thrive in polluted water (2). The author is indebted to Mr. F. J. Lambert of Leigh for 4 } 9 4 : a j | 3 a On the Duitkers referred to Cephalophus maxwelli. 529 assistance and information as to local conditions, to Dr. G. F. Prior, F.R.S., for assistance in determining salinity, and to other colleagues for identifying sundry forms enumerated above. CONCLUSIONS. (1) Heologically considered Paludestrina ulve and P. ventrosa have distinct areas of distribution, but overlap each other slightly in this area. (2) This overlapping is due to the greater adaptability of P. ventrosa. (3) P. ulve appears to be delimited by the presence or absence of food-plants rather than by chemical or physical causes. WORKS REFERRED TO. (1) AuLEN, E. J.,and Topp, R. A. Journ, Marine Biol. Assoc. U.K. vi. (n. 8.) 1900-02, pp. 151 & 295. (2) Corron, A. D. Royal Comm. Sewage Disposal, 7th Report, App. iv. pesa(lolly (3) Jounson, D., and Yorx, H., Johns Hopkins Univ. Cireular, 1912. LXI.—Wote on the Dutkers hitherto referred to Cephalophus maxwelli. By Martin A. C. HINTON. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) In determining some duikers collected recently by Mr. Willoughby P. Lowe on two islands in the estuary of the tokelle River, Sierra Leone, I have had oceasion to examine all the material in the British Museum hitherto referred to Cephalophus maxwelli, Asa result it would appear, firstly, that the mainland specimens in the collection belong to two distinct species, and, secondly, that the island forms are distinct from each other and from those of the mainland. The characters by which the four species recognized in this paper are distinguished may be tabulated as follows :— A. Males with relatively large horns ; females with horns well developed. Size slightly smaller. a, Nasals normal. a’. Dorsal pelage not grizzled, uniform dusky ; ears without conspicuous 530 Mr. M. A. C. Hinton on the Duikers white fringes. [Sierra Leone to MOREA A susate Mine nietne siete. 8 ole oe C. marwelli. b'. Dorsal pelage grizzled, brighter; ears with conspicuous white fringes. [sPassothslandlss psp reais oe ce C. lowe, sp. n. b. Nasals reduced ; external characters as in C. lowei; smallest of group. [Yatward Estland.) sctes ctesee th pie see oe a C. dane?, sp. n. B. Males with small horns, not larger than those of females of C. maawelli; females hornless, or with minute vestiges of horns. Other external characters as in C, maxwell. Size rather larger. [Liberia.] .......... C. liberiensis, sp. 0. 1. Cephalophus maxwelli, Hamilton Smith. 1826. Antilope pygmea, F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm. vol. iii. liv. lvi. pl. 379. Based on females with horns from Senegal ; nec Pallas. 1827. Antilope (Cephalophus) maxrwelli, Hamilton Smith, Griffith’s Anim. Kingd. iv. p. 267. Sierra Leone. 1827. Antilope (Cephalophus) philantomba, Hamilton Smith, ibid. v. . 849. Young specimen, Sierra Leone. 1841. Antilope frederict, Laurillard, Dict. Univ, Hist. Nat. i. p. 623. tenaming A. pygmea, F, Cuv. 1846. Cephalophus punctulatus, Gray, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (1) xviil. . 167: Based on young specimen from Sierra Leone. 1850. Cephalophus whitfieldi, Gray, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 11. So far as one can judge from the descriptions, and from an examination of the types of punctulatus and whitfieldi, all the names included in the above synonymy refer to C. maxwelli as defined in this paper. This species is characterized by its moderate size; uniform ungrizzled dorsal pelage, the colour being dusky in adults, brighter in the young; the whitish hairs lining the ears not forming aconspicuous fringe; normal nasals ; and, above all, by the relatively large horns present in both sexes; in female, horns a little less developed than in male. The type-locality is ‘ Sierra Leone,” and the range extends from Senegal and Portuguese Guinea southwards throngh Sierra Leone. 2. Cephalophus liberiensis, sp. n. 1858. ? Cephalophus marwelli, Temminck, Esq. Zool. Guiné, p. 230. 1914. Cephulophus (Guevei) maxwelli, Lydekker & Blaine, Cat. Ung. ii, p. 98 (in part). Type.—An adult male (B.M, 13. 11. 21. 13) from Mount Barclay, Liberia (altitude 200 feet) ; collected by Mr. R. H. Bunting. Other material, ¢, ? (adult). Description —Horns of male relatively small, no larger hitherto referred io Cephalophus maxwelli. 531 than in females of C. maawelli. Females hornless, but one specimen with minute traces of horn-cores 2 or 3 mm. in height. General outward appearance and colour as in maxwelli. Size slightly larger, the extreme length of skull being about 150 mm., instead of about 140 mm. For skull-measurements see table at p. 532 Range.—Liberia. At present known from Mount Barclay and from a spot ‘50 miles inland from Monrovia.” Whether Pel’s specimens from Dabacrom, Gold Coast, described by Temminck under the name mazwelli, belong to the present species or to another unnamed form cannot be decided now, owing to the lack of sufficient Gold Coast material. 'Temminck describes the ears as “ portent te larges ' bordures blanches le long de leur contour interne’ ; he says that the female differs from the male only “ par de trds-petites cornes, souvent obtuses, ou commes perdues, et cachées dans les touffes, d’ot elles prennent naissance.”’ Cephalophus lowei, sp. n. HHab.—Tasso Island, Rokelle River, Sierra Leone. Type.—An old male (B.M. 20. 7. 10. 17) collected and presented by Mr. Willoughby P. Lowe. Description——Horns of male about as in C. maxwelli ; female unknown, but probably horned. Size about as in C. maxwell, perhaps slightly larger. Essential external characters as In ma. vwellt, but dorsal colour brighter and not uniform as in latter species ; the back clothed with a grizzle of black and tawny, lightening on the flanks to merge insensibly in the grey of the underparts. Head-tuft and outer surfaces of ears dark brown. Ears with conspicuous linings of pure white hairs. Rump scarcely or not at all darkened. ‘Tail dark brown above, the tips of most hairs being white. Skull generally as in maawelli, a little larger and relatively narrower ; maxillary tooth-row relatively shorter, the pre- molar series somewhat reduced. 4. Cephalophus dane, sp. n Hab.—Yatward Island, Rokelle River, Sierra Leone. Type.—An adult male (B.M. 20. 7. 10. 18) collected and presented by Mr. Willoughby P. Lowe. An adult female (B.M. 20. 7. 10. 19) also examined. Description.—Horns well developed in both sexes; in i: +1 1s 1G} 16D 1G19 219 HNO NSA ast ac ers referred to Cephalophus maxwell ik On the Du ) “Ulu at Gees GI 2) 3 5) "s2swar4aqu) “—) L-G& 1-8 FLT 6-66 ¢.6¢ 6-F& €G G91 L-6& L-LE GLY ¢-901 ¢-66 ¢.01 1G G.c¢ ¢.49 G.1P F9 0G ¢.6¢ G.cP g-L¢ ¢.8e1 Tél “UU ‘aUuop *) % 66 8.G €-91 €:86 GG 8 L1G L0G L-98 F.98 €-OF 901 — — -— mm epaent LI or L 0G ue) ‘yamo] ‘2 Anas =H 60 09 GIS 6319 Ais AN 1g OL &f L9 8G O¢ G-6P t9 Gc. TFPI O&T “ULUL Z 96 9 8 te 3-1 ll 6& ¢-4¢ G-6E 8-49 $61 8-LE 9-88 L0G 601 GG sl \P 69 OF 89 TG Ly SP 69 cel paconeed “yJaNLDU “() q.LP 8 6-FL 6& ¥-GG 8-8E TG 1-61 3-16 LE GIG 60T OOI=[ uonjonpery wees 0\n0\b siete ci@.o'eie 5) v'alawiele\eiole suaoq jo qqauery "eT @B][NG UeoMJoy ODULISIp ysvarTy “Z% eeteetneeeseeenneteeeeees oer tld “TT s \renisip sig nuinie os siettnieia sis sieipinnle (ein eaeive gm _ ued ‘Ol b eielnoieieleeleleie s)8\v.e\s.cn,0/0 sieieiy evvece yysue] peyeeg (3 abv vie: VeotcisGelcices svicleue wVUeysvIp 40 yysuery 2 Bee ‘oes arrxeutead Jo diy 0} 1qaQ *y Ae crasdietaleenne eens Hees TYDIM PRIA “F *esipariiveleaeiciieselaceiee=! TAMBOIQMOMBULOSAG °C SOO BDODOUOOC OD SOOO yjsue] QULIAIXG A Dera ee Manvel etelaitelsleisierereye q38ue] peseq-o[Spuog | ‘dnowy yomxvu snydopeydad w2 spuamainsnaru-]jny 6 On new small Mammals from New Guinea. 533 males a little smaller relatively than in maawelli; sexual disparity less marked than in the latter. Coloration and external characters, apart from smaller size, exactly as in C. lowei; size, if anything, less than in maxwelli. Skull conspicuously differing from those of other members of the group in the unnsually small nasals. In both sexes these bones are shorter and narrower, absolutely and rela- tively, than in either mavwelli or lowei. In liberiensis there is a sexual difference in this respect, the males having nasals as large as, or larger than, in lowed and maawelli, while in the females these bones approach those of dane’. Maxillary tooth-row intermediate in relative length between lowe? and mavwelli, the molar series being relatively longer than in either, Remarks.—I have much pleasure in naming this interesting duiker after Captain A. M. Dane, of H.MS. ‘ Dwarf,’ to whom Mr. Lowe was indebted for much hospitality and active assistance during his trip to Sierra Leone. LXI.— New small Mammals from New Guinea. By OLDFIELD ‘THOMAS. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) Pipistrellus papuanus collinus, subsp. n. Like true papuanus, but larger. General characters, including colour, structure of tragus, dentition, and other Beale! all as in papuanus. Size, how- ever, markedly larger, the forearm attaining 36 mm. as compared with 25-31 mm., and the skull also decidedly. larger. Dimensions of the type :— Forearm 36 mm. Third finger, metacarpal 33°5, first phalanx 13; lower leg and hind foot 22:5. Skull: greatest length 13°2; breadth of brain-case 6:9 ; palato-sinual length 4°8; maxillary tooth-row 5; p'—m? 3:2. Hab. of type. Bihagi, head of Mambari River, British Papua. Other specimens from Dinawa, Owen Stanley Mountains, and the Upper Aroa River. Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 13.11.7.4. Collected 13th April, 1906, by A. 8. Meek. The Pipistrels of New Guinea all seem referable to P. papu- anus. The great majority are comparatively small, with 53 Mr. O. Thomas on forearms only attaining about 31 mm. The present form would appear to be a highland subspecies, characterized by its markedly greater size. Meyer’s Vesperugo papuanus orientalis of Astrolabe Bay is apparently quite the usual New Guinea Pipistrel. Emballonura meeki locusta, subsp. n. External characters quite as in true meeki, and size similar, though the single specimen seems rather less robust than the example of meek?, and the limb-bones more slender. The characteristic broadly lobed lips, the shape of the tragus, and the long, slender, grasshopper-like hind limbs all as in the typical form. Skull smaller and lighter than in meek’. Inflation of muzzle much less, the inflated upper portion of the maxillaries of the two sides not extending inwards towards or to the middle line, as is the case in meekz, but keeping widely sepa- rated throughout, so that the nasals between them are parallel- sided and not contracted anteriorly. Behind the nasals, the forehead is more deeply concave mesially, the general con- cavity between the inflations extending back into the inter- orbital space ; the rounded supraorbital edges are not specially inflated in meek, but are in locusta, Basial fossa as in meek, not as in subsp. claviwm. Dimensions of the type :— Forearm 38 mm. Head and body 40 mm.; tail 13 ; ear 12; lower leg and foot (c. u.) 20°3; calcar 15. Skull: greatest length 12; condylo-basal length 11:1; nasals, breadth between inflations anteriorly 0°9 ; interorbital breadth 3; mastoid breadth 6°8; front of canine to back of m> 4:4, Hab. Schouten Island, N.W. New Guinea. Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 20. 10. 23.2. Collected by Messrs. Pratt Brothers. One specimen only. Readily distinguishable from true meek: and from meeki clavium by the reduced maxillary inflations, which do not trespass on the nasals between them. Pogonomys sylvestris, sp. n. A medium-sized species with slaty bases to the belly-hairs. Fur long, soft, and fine. General colour above dark rufescent—near “auburn” ; sides more rufous; under surface greyish ; the hairs broadly slaty basally, with creamy whitish tips. Hands and feet pale buffy. Tail pale brown, its fine sparse hairs whitish. ae ae AS AE ETN AT new small Mammals from New Guinea. 535 Skull slenderly built, of more normal murine proportions than in many of the species, the muzzle not shortened and the zygomata not abruptly thrown outwards. Nasals long and narrow. Supraorbital edges more parallel than usual, not strongly divergent posteriorly, the edges themselves square but not ridged. Palatal foramina short, as usual. Dimensions of the type (measured on the remade skin) :— Head and body 112 mm. ; tail 160; hind foot 21. Skull: greatest length 30°3 ; condylo-incisive length 28:3 ; zygomatic breadth 16°2; mnasals 11%x2°9; interorbital breadth 4 ; breadth 2; brain-case 14°6 ; palatilar length 13 7 ; palatal foramina 4°2 ; upper molar series 5. Hab. Rawlinson Mts., N.E. New Guinea. Alt. 1500 m. Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 11.10.13.6. Collected June 1911 by Prof. F. Férster. Presented to the National Museum by Lord Rothschild. Two specimens. Distinguishable from all other species of the genus by the grey-based belly-hairs, these being usually white to the base. The skull is also peculiar in the shape of the interorbital region, which is alone similar to that in P. macrourus of Arfak. Pogonomys forbesi vulturnus, subsp. n. Like true forbest in essential characters, but the general colour is more greyish, and approaches “light drab” of Ridgway, as compared with the “cinnamon” of forbesi. Whitish patches in front of and at posterior base of ears at a maximum, contrasting with the general grey colour. Skull apparently quite like that of forbes?. Dimensions of the type (measured on a spirit-specimen) :— Head and body 136 mm.; tail 216; hind foot 30; ean LT. Skull: greatest length 36:3; condylo-incisive length 35:°8 ; zygomatic breadth 21°7 ; nasals 13°3; palatilar length 17; palatine foramina 5'1 ; upper molar series 5:8. flab. Bara-Bara, Milne Bay, extreme South-east Papua. Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 97. 8.7.64. Collected February 1890 by Dr. Lamberto Loria, and presented by the Museo Civico, Genoa. Six specimens. The difference in the general colour of the Milne-Bay Pogonomys was noticed on the arrival of Signor Loria’s specimens, but was then supposed to be due to the original specimens of forbes? having been stained by rust. Now, however, the receipt of skins shows that the cinnamon colour of the Sogere specimens is quite natural. 536 On new small Mammals from New Guinea. Pogonomys forbesi mambatus, subsp. n. Similar in the general cinnamon-colour to true forbes7, but the whitish patches between eye and ear are practically absent, and there is a distinctive difference in the skull. In forbesi and vulturnus the front edge of the zygomatic plate projects slightly forwards, so that, when viewed from above, it is visible in front of the anteorbital bridge, while from below this bridge cannot be seen. But in mambatus the front edge runs down quite vertically, or is even slightly concave, so that it cannot be seen from above in front of the bridge, while from below the underside of the bridge is clearly visible in the cleft of the foramen, Other cranial characters apparently as usual. Dimensions of the type (measured on skin) :— Head and body 173 mm, ; tail 236; hind foot 30. Skull: greatest length 37; condylo-incisive length 36-4 ; zygomatic breadth 22:2; zygomatic plate 45; upper molar series 5°7. Hab. Mambare River, N.E. British New Guinea in the old sense ; type from Kokoda, 1900’; other specimens from ‘Tamata and Joma on the same river. Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 7. 2.1.10. Original num- ber 16. Collected 11th July, 1906, and presented by C. A. W. Monckton, Esq. Twelve specimens. The difference in the skull, although slight, is so constant, in the good series that we owe to the work of Messrs. Monckton and Stalker that it seems proper to recognize the Mambare form as distinct from that of Mt. Owen Stanley. Disteehurus pennatus, Pet. & Dor. The examination of a topotype of this beautiful marsupial obtained by the Piatt Brothers shows that three forms of it may be recognized, as follows :— D. pennatus pennatus. General colour paler, wood-brown above and pale creamy buffy (“light buff’’) below throughout, the hairs pale to the roots. Black orbital lines not broadened behind and not especially sharply defined from the light area between them. Secator (p*, the fourth tooth from the back), although small, two-rooted, oblong, and obliquely set in the tooth-row. Hab, Arfak region, N.W. New Guinea; Andai, Weyland Mts. On the Genus Hapalochrus, Hr. 537 3 D. pennatus dryas, subsp. n. General colour slightly darker and greyer ; upper surface a darker wood-brown, and the under surface a dirty greyish white, the belly greyer than the chest. Inner surface of fore limbs quite grey, not whitish as in pennatus. Head-lines about as in pennatus, though hardly so brightly contrasted. Secator smaller, oval in section, single-rooted. Hab. of type. Mt. Gayata, Richardson Range, British New Guinea. 3000’. The specimen from the Ethel River, Hall Sound, recorded by Ramsay (who misprints the name as pinsatus), was probably this form. Type. Adult male. B.M. no, 99. 4.4.5. Collected by A. &. Authony. Hind foot of type 19mm. Skull, greatest length 30, three upper molariform teeth 4°1. D. pennatus amenus, subsp. n. Size slightly larger. Colour stronger and darker, with all the contrasts at a maximum. Upper suiface near “ verona- brown” ; under surface more or less clay-colour, the throat yellowish, the chest creamy, but the belly more brownish, not sharply defined from the hue of the sides. Dark head- markings strongly contrasted black, broadened posteriorly, so as almost to meet in the middle line, and contracting to a point the light median area between them, the edges of which are sharply and abruptly defined. Hands and feet dull yellow. Secator very small, circular, single-rooted. Hab. Ex-German New Guinea. Type from the Rawlinson Mountains ; another specimen from Sattelburg. Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 11.10. 14.1. Collected by Prof. F. Forster. Hind foot of type 21 mm. Skull, greatest length 31:°5, three molariform teeth 4°5. LXUI.—Supplementary Note on the Genus Hapalochrus, Er. [Coleoptera]. By G. C. Cuampion, F.Z.S. In the present volume of the ‘ Annals & Magazine of Natural History,’ pp. 177-201, 249-266, 305-327, pl. viii., an account is given of all the Atrican and Asiatic species of the genus Hapalochrus known to me. In this article no mention is made of Kraatz’s papers on the same subject (Deutsche ent. Zeitschr. 1895, pp. 59-64, 271, 272), which were overlooked by me, and they appear also to have escaped the notice of 538 On the Genus Hapalochrus, Hr. Bourgeois, Gorham, and Pic, who do not allude to them in their descriptions of Hapalochrus. This oversight is, of course, due to Kraatz having placed his insects under a new genus— Hadrocnemus,—which is based upon the extraordinary development of the anterior and intermediate tibife in the males, about which Erichson says nothing in his generic diagnosis, though he mentions this character in the description of H. azwreus, and it is also to be found in his HZ. festivus, of which he only knew the female, the type being the Hastern HH. (Malachius) letus, F. The name Hadrocnemus, applicable as it is, is not really required, there being a complete tran- sition in the development of the tibie of the male from the species in which they are greatly swollen and eroded (ZZ. sum- tuosus, Boh., &c.) to those in which they are simple, as in the female. The synonymy of the eight African species enumerated by Kraatz will stand as follows :— 1. Hadrocnemus conradti, Kr. (8 2?) (pp. 60, 271), from Bismarckburg, Togo= Hapalochrus malachioides, Fairm. (1887). Quoted in my paper (sp. no. 16) as ‘ H. con- radti, Pic, in litt. (2), in the synonymy of /7/. malachi- odes. . Hadrocnemus ceruleus, Kr. (g 2?) (p. 60), no locality given, but presumably from Togo, may or may not be synonymous with the common and widely-spread W.- African Hapalochrus azureus, Kr. (=ceruleus, Murr., 1867) (No. 38 of my paper). The specific name, in any case, is preoccupied for an insect absolutely congenerie. Kraatz’s specimens (length 43-42 mm.) appear to be a little larger than any of those referred by me to H. azu- reus ; he describes the ¢ as having “ femoribus tibiisque auticis intermediis testaceis, dilatatis, his extus nigris,” and the elytra as nude in @ and shortly pilose in ?! 3. Hadrocnemus srnke, Kr. (g 2 ) (p. 61), from Mombasa. Not recognizable in the material examined by me. The length is given as 3 lin., presumably in error for 3 mill., as the insect is said to be small and the measurements of the other species are given in millimetres. 4. Hadrocnemus purpuripennis, Kr. (2) (p. 61), from Bis- marckburg, belongs to J/eterolaius, Champ. (ante, pp. 178,179), as shown by the elongate subequal second and third joints of the antenne in ?. It is doubtless synonymous with Hapalochrus (Latus) inflaticornis, Fairm. (type g, 1894, from the Congo) and H. (Laius) violaceicollis, Pic (1907). This latter name was incor- rectly given by me as violaceipennis (ante, p. 179). —— Se ee ee ee ee epee ieee _ Bibliographical Notice. 539 5. Hadrocnemus tenuicornis, Kr. ( ¢ ) (p. 62), from Bismarck- burg. Not recognizable from the 2 only. Possibly a near ally of Hapalochrus filicornis, Champ., from N. Rhodesia. 6. Hadrocnemus viridis, Kr. (9 ) (p. 62), from Bismarekburg. This may be synonymous with Hapalochrus fissipes, Champ., types (¢ ¢ ) from the Congo, but in the absence of the ¢ of A. viridis nothing definite can be stated. 7. Hadrocnemus spectabilis, Kr. (¢ 2) (p. 271), from Niger- Benue= Hapalochrus constrictipes, Champ. (sp. no. 15). The name spectabiis was used by Ancey in 1883 for another species of the same section of the genus, and that of Kraatz must be sunk as a synonym, 8. Hadrocnemus 4-pustulatus, Kr. (3) (p. 272), from Niger- Benue= LTapalochrus nobilis, Kr. (1843) (sp. no. 4 of my paper), the type of which wasa 9. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE. Monograph of the Lacertide. By G. A, Boutenenr. Vol. I. British Museum (Natural History), 1920. Pp. x+352. Price £2. Tuts Monograph differs in plan from the other Catalogues issued by the Natural History Museum in recording, on a scale not hitherto attempted, the range of variation in each of the species. This is done, not only by the definition of named varieties where these can be recognized, but also by full descriptions of the variations of coloration and markings and by tabulation of the measurements and lepidosis of all the specimens examined. The vast extent of the material dealt with is shown by the fact that of the single species Lacerta muralis with its thirty-one named varieties the tables give particulars of about twelve hundred specimens. The present volume deals only with the three genera Nucras, Lacerta, and Algiroides—the remaining genera, nineteen in number, being reserved for the second volume, which is stated to be ready for printing. The importance of this work does not lie only in its wealth of descriptive detail. Ina series of memoirs published in the ‘ Trans- actions of the Zoological Society’ and elsewhere, the author has expounded his views on the evolution of the Lacertide, and he here presents in systematic form the final results of his researches. Starting from the principles laid down in EKimer’s well-known work on the evolution of markings in the wall-lizard, and combining with these a close study of structural characters for the most part neglected by Eimer, Dr. Boulenger has been able to map out a phylogenetic scheme for the whole family, to present a rational arrangement of the bewildering variety of forms presented by some 540 Geological Society. of the species, and to correlate systematic relationships with geogra- phical distribution. He believes that this evolution has proceeded by “a combination of orthogenetic and adaptive modifications which have led to various parallel series in this family.” The publication of this volume coincides with Dr. Boulenger’s retirement from the service of the Natural History Museum, and all zoologists must regret that the most distinguished of living herpetologists is no longer officially connected with the unrivalled collection which he has done so much to build up. PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES. GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. May Sth, 1920.—Mr. G. W. Lamplugh, F.R.S., Vice-President, in the Chair. The following communication was read :— ‘A Natural “ Holith” Factory beneath the Thanet Sand.’ By Samuel Hazzledine Warren, F.G.S. The paper describes a section in the Bullhead Bed at Grays, where the conditions have been favourable for the chipping of the flints by subsoil pressure. There is evidence of extensive solution of the Chalk beneath the Tertiary deposits, and the differential movements thus brought about have occasioned much slickensiding, and remarkable effects in the chipping of the flints. In the Author’s opinion the section affords the most complete and conclusive evidence hitherto obtained in support of the theory of the origin of the supposed Holithic implements by purely natural agencies. There are not only the simpler Kentish types, such as notches, bowscrapers, and the like, but also the larger and more advanced forms of rostro-carinates which are characteristic of the sub-Crag detritus-bed. Careful digging enables the pressure-points of one stone against another and the resultant chipping effects to be studied in detail; and in many instances the flakes removed can be recovered and replaced. A few examples are more than merely Eolithic in character. If such exceptional examples were removed from their associates, and also from the evidences of the geological forces to which they have been exposed, no investigator could be blamed for accepting them without question as of Mousterian workmanship. Individual specimens may often deceive: in order to distinguish a geological deposit of chipped flints from the débris of a prehistoric chipping- floor, it is necessary to base one’s judgment upon fairly representa- tive groups, and also to take into consideration the circumstances in which they have been discovered. 541 INDEX to VOL. VI. ABRICTA, new species of, 456, Abrocomia, new species of, 419. Acari, new, 121. Acomys, new species of, 101. Akodon, new species of, 418. Alcides, new species of, 391. Alexander, C. P., on African crane- flies in the British Museum, 1, 336. Amphibians, new, 106. Amphilius, new species of, 171. Ancylochiros, description of the new genus, 141. Ancylocnemis, characters of the new genus, 387. Andrewes, H. E., on Oriental Cara- bide, 493. Andrews, C. W., on remains of the Great Auk and Ptarmigan, 166. Anthophora, new species of, 203. Ants, on British Oligocene, 81. Aphodiocopris, characters of the new genus, 432. Arrow, G. J., on a new genus of Lamellicorn beetles, 481; on a peculiar new genus of Australian beetles, 434; a new genus of Clavicorn beetles, 437; on the Oriental members of the Coleo- pterous group Macrodactylides, 441. Arthropods, fossorial, 65, Ascaridia, new species of, 285. Aves, on remains of, 166. Aviculariide, new, 141. Bagous, new species of, 386. Barbus, new species of, 105, 169. Baylis, H. A., on Oxyuris paronai, v. Linst., 123; on some parasitic worms from Kast Africa, 283; on a new Siamese nematode, 408. Beddard, F. E., on the genus Tricho- drilus, 227. Belonoglanis, new species of, 175. Bibliographical notices, 440, 490, 539. Botia, new species of, 60. Boulenger, G. A., on new frogs in the British Museum, 106; on new snakes in the British 108. Brade-Birks, 8S. G., on a millipede new to science, 564; notes on Myniapoda, 470. Brown, J. M., on a new termito- philous Collembolan from West Africa, 480, Byrebistus, characters of the new genus, 466. Bythoscopus, new species of, 467. Callicratides, new species of, 160. Calman, W.'T’., on a whale-barnacle from Antarctic Seas, 165; on Pyenogonida from the South Orkney Islands, 244; on a new species of the Isopod genus Se- rolis, 299, Calocoris, new species of, 163, Campion, H., on some Gompbine dragonflies from South America, 130. Camponotus, new species of, 93. Carabidee, papers on, 493. Carabites, new species of, 65, 68. Cephalophus, new species of, 530. Ceratocheilus, new species of, 16. Ceratopogon, on use of generic name, 127, Cestodes, new, 227, 291. Chamberlin, R. V.,onnew Chilopods > of the genus Mecistocephalus, 328. Champion, G. C., on various African and Asiatic species of Hapaio- chrus, 177, 249, 305; supplemen- tary note on the genus Hapalo- chrus, Er., 537. Chilopods, new, 328. Chrysomelites, new species of, 68, 71. Cicadidee, new, 455. Cirripedia, new, 165. Cixius, new species of, 461. Clarias, new species of, 170. Clavicornia, new, 437. Cligenes, new species of, 154. Clovia, new species of, 465, Clydonodozus, new species of, 341. Cockerell, T. D. A., on fossil Arthro- Museum, Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 37 542 INDEX. pods in the British Museum, 65, 211; descriptions and records of bees, 201. Coleoptera, new, 177, 249, 305, 441, 537, Colfax, characters of the new genus, 504. Compseuta, new species of, 156. Copepoda, notes on, 214. Corinthus, description of the new genus, 155. Cristovallia, description of the new genus, 149. Crustacea, new, 220. Ctenomys, new species of, 119, 248, 420. Cucujinus, characters of the new genus, 458, Curculionidie, new, 569. Curculionites, new species of, 70. Cylindrophis, new species of, 108. Cynodontia, new, 506, Cyphoderus, new species of, 480. Delias, new species of, 400. lepanycteris, characters of the new genus, 271. Dichelomorpha, new species of, 444. Dicranomyia, new species of, 2. Dicranoptycha, new species of, 20. Diphycerus, new species of, 451. Diptera, notes on, 365, Dirias, new species of, 273. Discognathus, new species of, 169, Distant, W. L., on Rhynchota from New Caledonia, 143, 456; on a new genus and species of Cica- didee, 455. Distcechurus, new species of, 537. Dolichoderus, new species of, 88. Donisthorpe, H. St. J. K., on British Oligocene ants, 81. Echinoderms, note on, 295. Edwards, I’. W., on the use of the generic name ’ Ceratopogon, 127; on scent- organs(?) in female midges, 365. Hlaps, new species of, 109. EJepbantomyia, new species of, 18. tmballonura, new species of, 534. Emplastus, new genus, 86. Wnicoderus, new species of, 377. Kophlebotomus, description of the new genus, 212. Eriboea, new species of, 405. Eriocera, new species of, 360, Ksrioptera, new species of, 27, Erotylites, new species of, 71. Hiuponera, new species of, 85. Falecaustra, new species of, 408. Faliscus, description of the new genus, 161. Fossil arthopods, new, 65, 211. Frontodes, characters of the new genus, 381. Garra, new species of, 54. Gastropoda, notes on, 525. Geological Society, proceedings of the, 247, 491, 540. Gnophomyia, new species of, 38. Gomphine, new, 150. Gomphoides, new species of, 132. Gonomyia, new species of, 35. Gunadhya, description of the new genus, 164. Gurney, R., on the British species of the Copepod genus Nitocra, 214. Habropoda, new species of, 201 Hapale, new species of, 269, Hapalochrus, new species of, 185, 249, 305, 537. Hinton, M.A, C., on the species of Pedetes inhabiting Angola, 102; on three new mammals from Northern Rhodesia, 239; on the Duikers referred to Cephalophus max welli, 529, Hinton, M. A. C., and Kershaw, P. S., on mammals from the Dinka Country, 95. Hirst, S., notes on Acari parasitic on birds, 121. Hymenoptera, new, 201. Iphisomus, new species of, 369. Isopods, new, 299. Isothrix, new species of, 277. Jassus, new species of, 468. Juanaria, characters of the new genus, 455. Kerivoula, new species of, 240, Kershaw, P.S., see Hinton, M. A.C. KXolla, new species of, 469. Labeo, new species of, 104, Labidura, new species of, 212. Lachnophoroides, new species of, 153, Lagidium, new species of, 421. Lamellicornia, new, 451. Lecteria, new species of, 337. Leptognathus, new species of, 110. Leucotaphus, description of the new genus, 89. Leurops, new species of, 375. Lichens, new, 482. Limnobia, new species of, 4. ND RX. 543 Limnophila, new species of, 352. Lonchothrix, description of the new genus, 115. Lonnberg, E., and Rendahl, H., on some freshwater fishes from Lower Congo, 167, Macrochilus, new species of, 498, Macropes, new species of, 151. Macropocopris, characters of the new genus, 435. Mammals, new, 95, 102, 111, 113, 116, 289, 243, 266, 416, 417, 422, 529, 535. Marmosa, new species of, 280, Marshall, G. A. K., on new species of Curculionide from Africa, 369. Mecistocephalus, new spec:es of, 528, Mevaccelum, new species of, 162. Melampsalta, new species of, 459. Mello- Leitéo, on a new genus of Avicwaride, 141. Mereschkovsky, C., on some new forms of Lichens, 482, Microcerotermes, new species of, 477. Microhyla, new species of, 107. Microsciurus, new species of, 275, Microthrissa, new species of, 168. Mimetillus, new species of, 240, Mirrbina, description of the new genus, 155, Mouia, characters of the new genus, 460. Myoprocta, new species of, 279. Myriapoda, notes on, 364, 470. Nehela, new species of, 467. Nemachilichthys, new species of, 62. Nematodes, new, 283, 408. Nemesianus, description of the new genus, 162. Neocypus, new species of, 152. Neosurenus, description of the new genus, 140. Nisia, new species of, 462. Nobarnus, description of the new genus, 156. Nomia, new species of, 206. Notoryctes, new species of, 111. Nysius, new species of, 151. Octomys, new genus and species of, La bef Oncopeltus, new species of, 150, Onthophagus, new, 434. Oochoristica, new species of, 292. Oxyuris paronai, description of, 123, Pareutropius, new genus, 105, Pedetes, new species of, 102. Pegala, new species of, 147. Petalocephala, new species of, 466. Phacochcerus, new species of, 416, Philia, new. species of, 144. Pipistrellus, new species of, 533. Pisces, new, 45, 104, 167. Ploiariola, new species of, 158. Pogonomys, new species of, 554. Polycheles, new species of, 226. Pomeroy, A. W. J., on new species of African Simuliide, 72. Ponera, new species of, 85. Protacmon, characters of the new — venus, 518, Protostrophus, new species of, 371. Pseudolimnophila, new species of, 347. Pterolichus, new species of, 121. Ptyelus, new species of, 463. Pycnogonida, on a collection of, _ @44. Rana, new species of, 106. Ranturra, description of the new eenus, 149, Rao, C. R. N., on new Cyprinoid tishes from Mysore, 45. Rattus, new species of, 423. Regan, C. T., on new fishes from the Tanganyika Territory, 104. Rendahl, H., see Lounberg, E. Iveptilia, new, 108, 506. Rhamphidia, new species of, 21. Rhopalocera, new, 398. Rhynchomeles, characters of the new genus, 430. Rhynchota, new, 145, 456. Rhytirrhinus, new species of, 385. Robson, G. C., observations on Paludestrina ulve and ventrosa, 525. tothschild, Lord, on a new Wart- hog, 416. Sastrapada, new species of, 159. Selenocephalus, new species of, 467. Serolis, new species of, 301. Silvestri, F., a new termite from Mesopotamia, 477. Simulium, new species of, 73. Smith, G. A., on young specimens of Anthenea sp., 295. Stenon.ys, new species of, 425. Stereomastis, new species of, 224. Subulura, new species of, 286. Sund, O., on the ‘ Challenger’ Eryo- nidea, 220, Synodontis, new species of, 173. Syntaphus, new species of, 84. o44 Syringophilus, new species of, 121. Systates, new species of, 380. Talbot, G., on new Rhopalocera from Central Ceram, 598. Tartessus, new species of, 468. Taterona, new species of, 97. Termites, new, 477, 480. Tetralonia, new species of, 205. Tetraloniella, new species a 204. Teucholabis, new species of, 25. Thelazia, new species of, 288. Thomas, O., on Notoryctes in North- west Australia, 111; on a new genus of Echimyine, 113; on mammals from near Tinogasta, Catamarca, 116; on a new Tuco- tuco from Tucuman, 242; on mammals from the Lower Ama- zons, 266; on small mammals from North-western Rioja, 417 ; on mammals from Ceram, 422; INDEX. on new smal] mammals from New Guinea, 533. Tipulide, new, 1, 336. Trentepohlia, new species of, 40, 336. Ueana, new species of, 457. Ugyops, new species of, 468. Uromys, new species of, 426. Utilitaria, description ‘of the new genus, 159. Watson, D. M. %., dontia, 506. Willemoesia, new species of, 225. Xenoceraspis, characters of the new genus, 453. Xiphaspis, characters of the new genus, 395. Xylocopa, new species of, 203. Zamenis, new species of, 109. Zelotomys, new species of, 245. Zonophora, new species of, 156. on the Cyno- END OF THE SIXTH VOLUME. PRINTED RED LION COURT, BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, FLERK1 STREET, RAO, Aniaackellggs wNdits cllastin ise G26 Vol: Wake Pls. Ie A, C, Chowdhary del. Vol. -Vi. Pi ie & S. Hist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. RAO. 5b da A. C. Chowdhary del, Pl Le Walls WIL 9 Ann. € Mag. Nat. Hist. S. POMEROY. 2 eB LAR “illiiaaee | Lily » wk ¢ Pe} Ta be! oo haw: es a q eeeaiet ieee: A a pe: a. 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