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ANNALS

OF THE

CARNEGIE MUSEUM

VoL. XXI

1931-1933

W. J. HOLLAND, Editor

Published by the Authority of the
Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute
November 1931 — January 1933

,

From a painting by Leopold Seyffert

OBITUARY.

William Jacob Holland..

With the death of Dr. William Jacob Holland, which occurred on
December 13, 1932, an eminent figure in the world of science passed
away. He was the dean of American entomologists, the author of
innumerable publications in this field. But Dr. Holland was far more
than an eminent entomologist of world-wide reputation — he was a
naturalist of a universality of erudition which is but rarely found among
scientific men of the present day. With a prodigious memory, a keen
understanding of the diversity of scientific problems, he was at home
in the manifold domains of learning. Above all, he was a man of out-
standing intellectual and spiritual culture, and that is why his loss has
created an irreparable void in the community with which he has been
associated for nearly three scores of years and within the ranks of his
fellow workers in the scientific field.

William Jacob Holland was born in Bethany, on the island of
Jamaica, on August 16, 1848. His family was of Moravian extrac-
tion, residing for a long time in Salem, North Carolina. From there
his father was sent as a missionary to the West Indies.

From early boyhood Dr. Holland was trained in studies of natural
history. Upon graduation from the Moravian College and Theological
Seminary at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, in 1867, he received the degree
of bachelor of arts from Amherst College in 1869. For a year after
graduation he served as principal of a high school in Amherst, and the
following year occupied the same position at Westboro, Massachusetts.
Having been ordained into the Moravian ministry he entered Princeton
Theological Seminary and concluded the course in 1874. Subsequently
he joined the Presbytery of Monmouth and came to Pittsburgh as
pastor of the Bellefield Presbyterian Church, which position he held
until 1891. In the course of his pastorate Dr. Holland devoted much
time to scientific studies. He went to Japan as a member of the
United States Eclipse Expedition in 1887 and used this opportunity in
a very profitable way for various biological investigations. In 1891
he was made chancellor of the Western University of Pennsylvania,
now the University of Pittsburgh. In 1898 his friend, Andrew Car-
negie, invited him to assume the responsibilities as director of the

1

museum founded by this steel magnate. This office was held by Dr.
Holland with signal success until 1922, when he became director
emeritus of the Carnegie Museum. Under the administration of Dr.
Holland the museum attained the rank of one of the most important
scientific institutions of its kind on the continent. It would be scarcely
possible to describe in a brief sketch all the outstanding services of
Dr. Holland to this institution. Any attempt to enumerate his major
accomplishments in this respect would be futile since it would necessi-
tate a recital of the whole history of the growth of the Carnegie Mu-
seum since its inception. Dr. Holland performed the duties as vice-
president of the Carnegie Hero Fund from 1904 to 1922, and upon his
election as president of that body became a member of the Carnegie
Corporation. In this latter capacity, Dr. Holland had an opportunity
to devote his efforts in a most indefatigable way toward the promo-
tion of the divers causes within the competence of that body.

Dr. Holland was an active member of the board of trustees of several
institutions of higher learning, and carried on the duties of Belgian
Consul for some years after the world war. He had the distinction of
becoming the founder of the American Association of Museums in
1907, and remained president of the association until 1909. He was
a member of scores of scientific societies, among them the Zoological
and Entomological Societies of London, the Entomological Societies
of America, Washington, New York, Cambridge, Germany, France,
Russia, and Brazil; the American Zoological Society, Royal Society of
Edinburgh, American Philosophical Society, and several foreign
scientific academies. He was a councilor for the Association for Inter-
national Conciliation, a member of the Academy of Natural Sciences,
Philadelphia, the Pennsylvania Historical Society, Historical Society
of Western Pennsylvania, and Moravian Historical Society.

Dr. Holland was the author of numerous scientific treatises and
books, notably of ‘‘The Butterfly Book” and ‘‘The Moth Book,”
which became sources of reference for specialists and were chiefly
instrumental in stimulating a widespread interest in lepidopterology
among amateurs in this country. He also wrote many scientific papers
issued by the United States Government and by various learned so-
cieties in America and abroad. The list of his contributions reaches
about five hundred bibliographical items and covers an extraordinary
variety of topics. The entomological papers alone approach one hun-
dred and twenty titles from the year 1886 to the last years of his life.

ii

A large proportion of his papers on Lepidoptera deal with forms of
Rhopalocera and Heterocera from West Africa. The lepidopterous
fauna of Congo was thoroughly studied by Dr. Holland who also con-
tributed to the knowledge of the butterflies of Somaliland, Sierra
Leone, Kamerun, and the Seychelles. Other articles deal with the
Lepidoptera of the Bahamas, the Isle of Pines, Hainan, Celebes, and
Bum. Several articles written at various times of his long entomo-
logical career were devoted to the fauna of different portions of North
America. In recent years Dr. Holland paid much attention to certain
taxonomic problems and discussed on several occasions the significance
of Hiibner’s “Tentamen” as a basis for nomenclatorial changes pro-
posed by some modern authors. The Encyclopa?dia Britannica applied
to him as to a leading specialist in the museum field for the preparation
of a survey of the history of scientific museums. For the last thirty-
four years he edited the Annals and Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum,
lending to these publications the imprint of his literary discrimination
and brilliant scholarship. Numerous seats of higher learning honored
themselves by bestowing degrees of honorary doctorate upon this
distinguished scientist in recognition of his eminence in learning.
Among such universities were Washington and Jefferson College, Am-
herst College, Dickinson College, New York University, Bethany
College, St. Andrew’s in Scotland, and the University of Pittsburgh.

Dr. Holland owned an extensive entomological collection which was
particularly rich in Lepidoptera from North America, Africa, and cer-
tain regions of Asia. It contained representative series of Rhopalocera
and Heterocera from various countries in different parts of the world.
Especially valuable portions of the collection of Dr. Holland were the
Pyralids collected by Pryer in Japan and the well-known collection
of North American Rhopalocera assembled by Edwards, with all the
types described by these noted entomologists. Dr. Holland’s collec-
tion included types of many hundreds of new species which were
described by him during his life time.

One of the most significant scientific achievements of Dr. Holland
was connected with the paleontological explorations of the Carnegie
Museum which were directed by him in Utah, Wyoming, Montana,
and North Dakota. The finds of these expeditions resulted in many
discoveries, including the celebrated Diplodocus carnegiei, the original
skeleton of which is adorning the gallery of fossils in the Carnegie
Museum, whereas nine replicas were presented to the leading scientific

111

institutions in Europe and both Americas. In recognition of his
contributions to science Dr. Holland received decorations from
Belgium, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Russia, and Spain.

Dr. Holland passed away amid his favorite labors, lending his
concentrated attention, as throughout his life, to current problems of
natural history advanced by contemporary investigations. Until the
end he remained absorbed by the adventurous spirit of scientific re-
search, responsive to the lure of exploring some new avenue of the
ever-widening horizons of knowledge. He lived a life of exceptional
usefulness. Endowed with a profusion of gifts, among which his
linguistic abilities were by far not the least, he cultivated his native
talents and molded them into a personality of unique qualities and
values. A churchman, a leader in education, the father of the Carnegie
Museum in Pittsburgh, a man of learning honored far and wide by
academics, international congresses, and universities. Dr. Holland
will not only be mourned sincerely, but his achievements will also not
fail to remain an inspiration challenging the best within us.

A. Avinoff.

IV

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page

Obituary: W. J. Holland i-iv

Table of Contents v

List of Plates vii

List of Figures in Text viii

List of Genera and Species New to Science x

Dates of Issue of Articles as Separata xiii

Errata and Corrigenda xiv

Editorial Notes i-6; 57-60; 93-96; 185-189

1. A New Subspecies of Poanes Massasoit Scudder. By

Austin H, Clark 7-9

11. Field Keys to the Lizards and Amphibians of British

Guiana. By Stanton C. Crawford 11-42

III. New Species and Subspecies of African Birds. By

Rudyerd Boulton 43“56

IV. New Species from the Oligocene of the Uinta. By

O. A. Peterson 61-78

V. A New Arctic Weasel from Southampton Island, Hud-
son Bay. By George Miksch Sutton and William
J. Hamilton, Jr 79“8i

VI. A Synopsis of the Genus Metrobates Uhler (Hemip-
tera: Gerridae). By C. J. Drake and H. M.

Harris 83-88

VII. A New Species of Delocrinus. By J. J. Burke 89-94

VIII. Jurassic Insects from Solenhofen in the Carnegie Mu-
seum and the Museum of Comparative Zoology.

By F. M. Carpenter 97-129

IX. A New Turtle from the Duchesne Oligocene of the

Uinta Basin, Northeastern Utah. By John Clark. . 131-160

V

VI

Contents

X. i\ New Anosteirid from the Uinta Eocene. By John

Clark 161-170

XI. Neotropical Bats in the Carnegie Aluseum. By Colin

Campbell Sanborn 171-183

XII. Revision of the Subfamily Thyreocorinae of the
Pentatomidse (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). By W. L.

McAtee and J. R. Malloch 191-411

XIII. Natica Sancti-Vincentii. By Stanley T. Brooks 413

Index 415-424

LIST OF PLATES

Portrait of Dr. W. J. Holland Frontispiece

I. Columnar Section of Horizons A. B. C. and Duchesne Oligo-
cene; Stratigraphic Section of Uinta Basin.

II. Metrobates; anatomical details.

HI. Delocrinus allegheniensis Burke.

IV. Galgiipha, Cyrtomenis, Strombosoma, Carrabas, PangcBiis;
anatomical details.

V. Thyreocoris, Allocoris, Galgupha, Cydiioides; anatomical
details.

VI. Allocoris, Cydnoides, Galgupha ■, anatomical details.

VII. Galgupha, Alkindus, Amyssonotiim, Pericrepis; anatomical
details.

VI H. Pruhleria, Thyreocoris, Godnuinia, Allocoris, Strombosoma,
Carrabas, Galgupha-, anatomical details.

IX. Galgupha-, anatomical details.

X. Galgupha-, anatomical details.

XI. Galgupha-, anatomical details.

XI I. Galgupha-, anatomical details.

XI I I. Galgupha-, anatomical details.

XIV. Galgupha, Cydnoides, Alkindus, Amyssonotiim-, anatomical

details.

XV. Amyssonotiim, Pericrepis, Thyreocoris, Pruhleria, Godmania,
Allocoris-, anatomical details.

XVI. Allocoris-, anatomical details.

XVI I. Allocoris, Carrabas-, anatomical details.

vii

LIST OF FIGURES IN TEXT

ART. I.

Fig. I. P. massasoit massasoit Scudder; P. massasoit, var. hiighi

Clark 8

ART. III.

Fig. I. Phylogenetic tree of the genus Macrosphemis 48

Fig. 2. Variation of bills in the genus Alacrosphenus 49

ART. IV.

Fig. I. Top view of skull Crocodiltis {?) acer Cope 64

Fig. 2. External and crown views of M\ M^. Hycenodon sp?. . 65

Fig. 3. Anterior view of right humerus. Hyanodon sp? 66

Fig. 4. Crown and side views of right jaw. Epihippus {Du-

chesnehippus) mtermediiis Peterson 67

Fig. 5. Crown and side views of lower teeth. Heteraletes leo-

tanus Peterson 69

Fig. 6. Anterior view of femur. Hyracodoti? 70

Fig. 7. Dorsal view of astragalus 70

Fig. 8. Crown and side views of left jaw. Mesamy^wdon

mediiis Peterson 71

Fig. 9. Crown views of upper and lower teeth. Pentacemyliis

progressus Peterson 73

Fig. 10. Crown view of upper molar.? Diplohunops 74

Fig. II. Dorsal views of astragalus and cuboid. Protoreodon?. 75
Fig. 12. Crown and side views of dentition and left jaw. Poa-
hromyhis kayi Peterson 76

ART. VIII

Fig. I. Hexagenites weyenherghi Scudder, fore wing 102

Fig. 2. Tarsophlebia eximia (Hagen), base of fore wing 105

Fig. 3. Stenophlehia latreillei (Germar), diagram of main veins

at base of fore wing 106

Fig. 4. Urogomplius giganteus (Germar), bases of fore and hind

wings 109

Fig. 5. Cymatophlehia longialata (Germar), hind wing and base

of fore wing no

Fig. 6. Cymatophlehia jiirassica, no\ in

viii

List of Figures in Text. ix

F'ig. 7. Protolmdenia kcEhleri (Hagen), fore wing and base of

hind wing 1 13

Fig. 8. Mschnogomphus hitermedius (Hagen), base of hind

wing 1 14

Fig. 9. '' Corydelis"' vetusta Hagen, part of fore wing 123

Fig. 10. Pseiidosirex ncuiiis Handlirsch, fore wing 126

Fig. II. Fore wing of Xeris caxdatus 127

ART. IX.

Fig. I. Dorsal view of Shell of Cymatholcus longiis 133

Fig. 2. Lateral view of Shell of Cymatholcus lo7igiis 136

Fig. 3. Ventral view of Shell of Cymatholcus longiis 138

Fig. 4. Cervical Vertebrae of Cymatholcus longus 141

Fig. 5. Caudal Vertebrae of Cymatholcus longus 143

Fig. 6. Anterior view of left side of pectoral girdle of Cyma-
tholcus longiis 145

Fig. 7. Posterior view of left side of pectoral girdle of Cyma-
tholcus longus 146

Fig. 8. Inferior view of left side of pectoral girdle of Cyma-
tholcus longus 147

Fig. 9. Ventral view of pelvic girdle of Cymatholcus longus ....

Fig. 10. Lateral view of right side of pelvic girdle of Cyma-
tholcus longus ; 150

ART. X.

Fig. I. Dorsal view of Shell of Pseudanosteira pulchra, sp. nov.. 163
Fig. 2. Ventral view of Shell of Pseudanosteira pulchra, sp.

nov 164

ART. XIII.

Fig. I. Natica sancti-vincentii Brooks, sp. nov 413

LIST OF GENERA AND SPECIES
NEW TO SCIENCE

Poanes massasoit hughi Clark, subsp. nov. Insecta 7

Gymnobucco calvus vernayi, “ ‘‘ Aves 44

Viridibucco coryphaea angolensis Boulton, “ subsp. nov.. . 46

Macrosphenus pulitzeri Boulton, sp. nov. 50

Apalis cinerea grandis Boulton, subsp. nov. “ 52

Apalis bamendae strausae Boulton, subsp. nov. “ 53

Seicercus laurae Boulton, sp. nov. “ 54

Laniarius nyasaB Boulton, sp. nov. “ 55

Epihippus intermedius Peterson, sp. nov. Mammalia... 66

Heteraletes leotanus Peterson, gen. et sp. nov. “ ... 68

Mesamynodon medius Peterson, gen. et sp. nov. “ ... 71

Pentacemylus progressus Peterson, gen. et sp. nov. “ ... 72

Poabromylus kayi Peterson, gen. et sp. nov. “ • • 75

Mustela arctica semplei Sutton and Hamilton, subsp. nov. Mam-
malia 79

Metrobates cubanus Drake & Harris, sp. nov. Insecta 86

Metrobates spissus Drake & Harris, sp. nov. “ 88

Cymatophlebia jurassica Carpenter, sp. nov. “ iii

Cymatholcus longus Clark, sp. nov. Reptilia 132

Pseudanosteira pulchra Clark, gen. et sp. nov. Reptilia 161

Phyllostomus hastatus Sanborn, subsp. Mammalia 175

Galgupha aliena McAtee & Malloch, sp. nov. Insecta. .213

Galgupha apicata “ “ ‘ ‘ ' ‘ 213

Galgupha assimilis “ “ “ “ . 214

Galgupha australis ‘ “ “ ‘..215

Galgupha caudata “ “ “ “ . 217

Galgupha caudiculata “ “ “ “ .217

Galgupha contra “ “ “ “ .217

Galgupha contracta ' ‘ ‘ “ “ .218

Galgupha curvata ‘‘ “ “ “ . 220

Galgupha curvatula “ “ “ “ . 220

Galgupha insula ‘ “ “ “ 223

Galgupha labrata “ ‘ “ “ . 224

Galgupha lucretia “ “ ‘ “ 225

Galgupha mammula “ “ ‘ “ . 226

Galgupha nitida “ “ ‘ “ . 226

Galgupha obesa “ “ “ ‘ . 227

Galgupha opacifrons “ “ ‘ “ . 227

List of Genera and Species New to Science.

Galgupha opercula “ ' “ “ . .

Galgupha parae “ “ “ ‘ .

Galgupha parallela “ “ ‘ .

Galgupha punctata ‘ “ ‘ “ . .

Galgupha regularis “ “ “ ‘ .

Galgupha romana “ “ “ ‘ .

Galgupha rostrata “ ‘ ‘ “ . .

Galgupha sahlbergi “ “ “ ‘ .

Galgupha valvata “ “ “ ‘ .

Galgupha varipennis ‘ ‘ “ “ . .

Galgupha acuta ‘ ‘ “ ‘ .

Galgupha bicornis “ “ “ “ . .

Galgupha cydnoidea “ ‘ “ “ . .

Galgupha dimorpha “ “ “ “ . .

Galgupha diversa ‘ “ “ “ . .

Galgupha geayi “ “ “ ‘ .

Galgupha inaequalis “ ‘ ‘ ‘ .

Galgupha intermedia ‘ “ “ “

Galgupha lineata “ “ ‘ ‘ ‘ .

Galgupha morbiloci ‘ “ “ “ . .

Galgupha nitidipennis “ “ ‘ ‘ ‘ .

Galgupha notha “ ‘ “ “ . .

Galgupha novatra
Galgupha occulta

Galgupha omissa “ “ “ “ . .

Galgupha parva “ “ “ “ . .

Galgupha punctif er “ “ ‘ ‘ .

Galgupha singularis “ “ “ “ . .

Galgupha soror “ “ ‘ .

Galgupha texana “ “ “ ‘ .

Galgupha triconcava “ “ “ “ . .

Galgupha unica “ ‘ “ ' . .

Galgupha castor “ “ ‘ ‘ .

Galgupha pollux “ “ “ ‘ .

Galgupha anomala “ “ ‘ “ . .

Galgupha crassa “ “ “ “ . .

Galgupha carinata “ “ ‘ “ . .

Galgupha hesperia “ ‘‘ “ ‘ .

Galgupha daldorfii var. fabricii var. nov. McAtee & Malloch, In-

secta

Galgupha vinculata var. insularis var. nov. McAtee & Malloch, In-

secta

Galgupha vinculata var. suiinamensis var. nov. McAtee & Mal-
loch, Insecta

Galgupha akerna McAtee & Malloch, sp. nov. Insecta. .

Galgupha alutacea “ “ “ .

Galgupha anomala “ “ “ “ . .

xi

228

228

228

229

231

231

232

233

235

236

246

247

251

253

254

256

258

258

259

260

261

262

262

263

263

264

264

267

268

269

269

270

271

271

272

275

282

284

287

289

290

295

295

296

xii List of Genera and Species New to Science.

Galgupha boliviana “ “

“ “ . . 296

Galgupha brevis “ “

..297

Galgupha caracasana

..299

Galgupha eas “ “

!! “ . 301

Galgupha fossula “ “

“ • • 302

Galgupha grenadensis “ “

•302

Galgupha inornata

• • 302

Galgupha juno “ “

•303

Galgupha marginalis “ “

" “ ■ •303

Galgupha microphthalma “

Galgupha oculata

..309

Galgupha repetita

..311

Galgupha stramineipennis

• 312

Galgupha surda “ “

“ " •313

Galgupha altera “

Galgupha bergiana “ “

“ “ • • 318

Galgupha bisignata

■ •319

Galgupha carbonata

!! !!

Galgupha casta “ “

• • 320

Galgupha costomaculata

“ • ■ 320

Galgupha fimbriata “

•321

Galgupha imitans “

“ • • 322

Galgupha inops

“ • -322

Galgupha mayana

•■323

Galgupha media

••323

Galgupha mexicana “

••324

Galgupha neobisignata

" ■•324

Galgupha obovata “

• ■ 326

Galgupha pallipennis

“ • • 326

Galgupha tabellula “

••327

Galgupha amitta

..329

Galgupha australis

■330

Galgupha china

■330

Galgupha oblonga “

" ••331

Galgupha punctifrons

••332

Galgupha vittifrons “ “

•■333

Galgupha simplex

••333

Galgupha albipennis

“ “ ••336

Galgupha breddini

" “ ••337

Cydnoides confusus

" “ -341

Cydnoides peregrinus

" ••344

Cydnoides nitens “ “

“ “ ••345

Cydnoides reticulatus “ “

“ -346

Cydnoides setiventris

“ ••346

Pericrepis afer “ “

“ " ••352

Allocoris alpina

“ " ••363

Allocoris barberi

" " ••365

List of Genera and Species New to Science. xiii

Allocoris contrasta “ “ “ “ . 366

Allocoris porallina “ “ “ “ . 366

Allocoris digitata “ “ ‘‘ “ . 367

Allocoris elegans “ “ “ “ . 368

Allocoris feminea “ “ “ “ . 368

Allocoris limata “ “ “ “ .373

Allocoris micans ‘ “ “ ‘ . .374

Allocoris palmeri “ “ “ “ . 377

Allocoris incognita ‘‘ “ ‘ ‘ 386

Allocoris virilis ‘ “ ‘ “ . 387

Allorocis signor etii “ “ ‘ “ 388

Natica sancti-vincentii Brooks, sp. nov. Mollusca 413

DATES OF ISSUE OF PARTS OF VOLUME AS SEPARATES

Art. I November 14, 1931. Art. 7 April 30, 1932.

Art. 2 November 14, 1931. Art. 8 September 2, 1932.

Art. 3 November 13, 1931. Art. 9 September 2, 1932.

Art. 4 December 19, 1931. Art. 10 September 2, 1932.

Art. 5 February 13, 1932. Art. ii September 15, 1932.

Art. 6 April 30, 1932. Art. 12 January 10, 1933.

Art. 13 January 18, 1933.

ERRATA

Some changes in names of species were introduced in the genus
Galgupha by the authors after the completion of the printing of the
article together with the Index. These alterations together with
other errata are indicated herewith.

p. 191: I2th line from top, for “201,” read 201-388.
p. 195: 6th line from bottom, for C (Enina'' read CcEnina.

4th line from bottom, for “the last four names above cited,”
subistitute Chlcenocoris and Cursiila.
p. 196: loth line from bottom, add “ Coenina belongs near Eysarcoris."

9th line from bottom, for '' scaraheoides" read scarabcEoides.
p. 198: 6th line from top, for “gilletti" read gillettii.

nth line from bottom, for ''gen. nov." and "nom. nov.," read
gen. nov. and nom. nov.

p. 212: 13th line from top, for “parse” read parae.

19th line from top, for “parse” read parae.
p. 213: 8th line from top, for “parse” read parae.
p. 249: Omit I2th, nth, loth, and 9th lines from bottom,
p. 261: i6th line from bottom, for “differentialis” read differentialis.
p. 274: 6th line from top, for "Tetyra," read Cimex.
p. 286: Transfer last four lines to top of p. 287.
p. 287: Transfer first three lines to foot of p. 286.
p. 293: 7th line from bottom, for “anomala” read bakeri.
p. 294: I2th line from bottom, for “anomala,” read bakeri.
p. 296: 15th line from top, for “anomala” read bakeri.
p. 306: 2 1 St line from bottom, for "anomala" read bakeri.

nth line from bottom, for "a7iomala" read bakeri.
p. 313: 20th line from top, for "schmidtii" read smidtii.
p. 325: 7th line from bottom, for " paratype" read paratype.

p. 329: I2th line from bottom, for “australis” read meridiana.

6th line from bottom, for “australis” read meridiana.
p. 330: nth line from top, for “australis” read meridiana.
p. 365: 2nd line from bottom, for "intermedia" read alpina.
p. 389: 13th line from top, for “circumfusa, flavo-bisignata, pam-
peana, setigera,” read circumfusus, flavo-bisignatus, pam-
pe&nus, setigerus.

p. 396: Between 3d and 4th lines from top insert “Galgupha, cont’d.”
p. 402: In last line, for “drawings” read drawn.

XIV

Serial No. 150

5^7, 73

/

Publications of the Carnegie Museum

ANNALS

OF THE

CARNEGIE MUSEUM

VoL. XXI, No. 1.

November, 1931

For sale by Messrs. Wheldon & Wesley, Ltd., 2-4, Arthur St., New
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Carnegie Museum, Schenley Park, Pittsburgh, Penna., U. S. A..

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ANNALS

OF THE

•CARNEGIE MUSEUM

VOL. XXI, NO. I

Editorial Notes.

Mr. Boulton and his wife returned to the Carnegie Museum on
May 22, 1931. Mr. Pulitzer left them behind him in Angola to con-
tinue the work of collecting for the Carnegie Museum and they spent
nearly five months in that country after Mr. and Mrs. Pulitzer left
them, adding greatly through their diligent collecting to the large
^amount of material which they had already acquired. The Pulitzer
Expedition on behalf of the Carnegie Museum has resulted in a notable
addition to the natural history collections in our custody. It is too
soon as yet to undertake even in outline to report upon what they
acquired. They brought home a large collection of birds in excellent
condition, and a large collection of mammals, including two speci-
mens of the Giant Sable Antelope. The extensive collection of in-
sects, which they made, is especially rich in coleoptera and orthoptera,
representing many species which hitherto have not been contained in
our collections. The collection of lepidoptera is also quite large. It is
being mounted, but no formal report as to the numbers of the speci-
mens or as to the species can be as yet given. The lepidoptera will
be reported upon by the writer; in the determination and description
of other orders the assistance of different specialists will be sought.
Reports upon these collections will be published by the Museum as
they are from time to time prepared. Mr. Boulton has in his hands a
preliminary report describing a number of new species and subspecies
of African birds, collected not only by the Pulitzer Expedition but by
Mr. Boulton, while collecting for the Museum in previous years. This
will appear in the present number of the Annals. The African collec-
tions in the Carnegie Museum are already most extensive and ex-

2

Annals of the Carxegie Museum.

ceedingly valuable, thanks to the kindness of such collectors as the
Goods, father and son. Dr. Weber, Dr. J. A. Reis, Dr. W. C. Johnston,
the late William Doherty, Mr. Childs Frick, the late Theodore
Roosevelt, and latterly Mr. Ralph Pulitzer, names which we are proud
to associate as having been, or as now being, friends of this Museum.

Dr. Avinoff accompanied by his nephew employed the larger part of
his summer vacation in a visit to the Island of Jamaica, many parts of
which he traversed and in which he made collections particularly of
the lepidoptera of the island. They have brought home with them
quite a large collection and were especially happy in having secured
two specimens of Papilio homerus that wonderfully beautiful butter-
fly, which until a few years ago was a great rarity in all the museums
of the world. Their explorations extended from sea-level up to four
thousand feet above the sea among the mountains.

About the first of July the newly revised and enlarged edition of The
Butterfly Book, prepared by the Director Emeritus of this Museum
was issued from the press of Doubleday, Doran and Company. It is
not in any sense to be regarded as a mere reprint of The Butterfly
Book, which first came out in 1898, but is in reality a new book, hav-
ing been with the exception of certain parts of the introduction largely
rewritten and thoroughly revised. The book is in quarto, the earlier
book having been printed in octavo with narrow margins. The
margins in the new book are broad. The earlier editions contained
forty-eight colored plates, representing five hundred and thirteen
species and varieties. The new edition is illustrated by seventy-seven
plates, seventy-three of which are in color, representing all the butter-
flies of the continent from the Arctic Circle to the southern tip of
Florida and the borders of Mexico. Nearly one thousand species and
the leading varieties are represented, mostly by their types and
paratypes, which are reproduced upon the plates. The book contains
nearly twice as much printed matter as the earlier volume and is the
only book now published which gives a complete view of the butter-
flies of the United States and Canada. The first printing of the first
edition was sold before the book had passed through the bindery.
The new book has already begun to find most favorable recognition,
not only from the public, but from scientific entomologists in different
parts of the world.

Editorial Notes.

3

The Editor of “The Entomological News’’ of Philadelphia, Dr.
P. P. Calvert says in a letter to the author: “I congratulate you on
doing again for a new generation what you did by your first edition
for its predecessor.” The preparation of this new edition has con-
sumed the leisure moments of the author for almost the whole of the
past four years and he is grateful to have been spared in health and
strength to complete what has been in reality a great, laborious, and
expensive undertaking.

Early this spring Mr. Netting was invited to serve as instructor in
Herpetology by the Oglebay Nature Training School, at Wheeling,
W. Va. Accordingly Mr. and Mrs. Netting spent the last two weeks
in June at this school. One week of the time was devoted to collecting
in Ohio County near Wheeling, and the second week was spent in
Pocahontas County, on and near the very interesting Cranberry
Glades. During the two weeks, Mr. Netting collected five hundred
herpetological specimens, and several hundred snails. Mrs. Netting
collected over a hundred plants and some insects. The outstanding
discoveries of the trip were these: "'Mr. Netting secured Wehrle’s
Salamander one hundred miles south of its known range; and the
Marbled Salamander two thousand feet higher than it had been taken
previously. Mrs. Netting secured an extremely rare orchid, which
proved to be the second record for the state of West Virginia.

On August 10, Mr. and Mrs. Netting and Richard Ereni left Pitts-
burgh to collect for a month in the southern Appalachians. All
efforts on this trip were directed toward the study of salamanders.
During the month seventeen hundred specimens were taken including
such rare species as the Green Salamander, and the Red-legged
Salamander. The collection also included one hundred specimens of
reptiles and frogs, sixteen hundred snails, and about five hundred
insects, including a specimen of Argynnis diana. As a result of these
two trips the Carnegie Museum collection of salamanders has been
doubled and many little known forms were collected in series of over
one hundred specimens, which will enable the writer to work out age-
groups, food-studies, and breeding data.

Mr. Arthur W. Henn, accompanied by his wife, spent his summer
vacation in a transcontinental automobile ride. He went from Pitts-
burgh to Portland, Oregon, visited Astoria at the mouth of the Col-

4

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

umbia River, visited the region of Puget Sound, spent some time at the
Rainier National Park in Washington, and on his return visited the
Glacier National Park in Montana. Thence he proceeded to Banff in
Alberta, and to Winnipeg, and returned by way of Minnesota to his
home. He made some collections on the Pacific Coast and obtained
among other things at Astoria a fine specimen of the Ocean Sunfish,
Mola mola (Linnaeus), and in Glacier National Park specimens of the
Montana Grayling, Thymallus montanus Milner. The Montana
Grayling has been introduced into a number of small lakes along the
continental divide. It is very similar to the Michigan Grayling once
abundant in Michigan, but now verging on extinction. He collected
a series of the Top Minnow, Gambusia patruelis (Baird & Girard),
taken from the warm waters flowing from the hot springs at Banff,
National Park, in all probability introduced, though no record has
been observed. This locality is one thousand miles north of the
natural range of the species.

Mr. W. E. Clyde Todd has been engaged from the middle of August
until the end of September in ornithological investigation on the
banks of James Bay, Ontario. He reports excellent progress.

Mr. J. LeRoy Kay has spent the summer in carrying on further
paleontological explorations in the neighborhood of Vernal, Utah.
He reports that he thinks he has discovered imbedded in the rock a
complete articulated skeleton of a primitive Titanothere. This is a
very fortunate find, if the work of extraction, which has begun, proves
to be successful.

Air. Ottmar von Fuehrer, accompanied by his wife has returned
from Alt. Rainier where he made a series of sketches and landscapes,
and collected accessories for a habitat group representing alpine
vegetation, which is to be placed in the Hall of Botany. Mrs. Fuehrer
found time to make a considerable collection of lepidoptera, which
arrived in excellent condition, but has not yet been mounted.

Air. Edward Graham has returned from a botanical collecting trip
in Utah, a region which heretofore has been but poorly represented in
our herbarium. He also spent some time in collecting in California,
Oregon, and Washington, returning again to Utah to collect the later

Editorial Notes.

5

summer flora. He has brought home a large mass of excellently pre-
pared material.

The Museum begins this fall a course of instruction in “Museum
Appreciation” for teachers in the schools of the city and the county.
As in previous years, the training will be by various members of our
curatorial staff.

The death in his eightieth year of Dr. David Starr Jordan, has
robbed the Editor of these Annals of an admired and trusted friend,
many of whose important papers have appeared both in the Annals and
the Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum. His death terminates a long,
strenuous, and fruitful life. His career from its beginning until near
its close is embodied in his autobiography entitled “The Days of a
Man,” which well repays perusal.

He gained his early education in the face of adversity. “Working
his way through college,” he was one of the earlier graduates of
Cornell University. Rapidly rising after graduation from one impor-
tant position to another, he became the President of Indiana Uni-
versity in 1885, President of Leland Stanford University in 1891, and
remained in this connection until the day of his death, although in
later years designated as Chancellor Emeritus of the institution, which
he had called into being with the millions placed at his command by
the later Senator Stanford.

Dr. Jordan was an eminent zoologist with a broad knowledge of the
whole field. He specialized, however, as an ichthyologist. At the
time of his death he was undoubtedly regarded as the ablest and most
learned ichthyologist in America.

Fourteen papers written by Dr. Jordan, often in association with
one or the other of his pupils and assistants, have appeared in the
literature issued by the Carnegie Museum. Based upon the material
acquired by this Museum, seven of these were published in the Annals
and seven in the Memoirs, all of them more or less fully illustrated.
They cover descriptions of new species of fishes from Siberia, Korea,
Formosa, Japan, and the Hawaiian Islands, the types of the new
species are contained in the ichthyological collections of this Museum.

The Editor is not prompted at this point to speak at length of the
multiform activities of his friend and colleague as a naturalist, ad-
ministrator, and advocate of world peace, but with profound sorrow

G

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

simply places upon record at this point the passing of a dear friend, with
whom in Pittsburgh and in his own beautiful home at Palo Alto,
California, he spent many delightful days in friendly intercourse and
companionship.

I. A NEW SUBSPECIES OF POANES MASSASOIT Scudder.

By Austin H. Clark.

1. Poanes massasoit hughi, subsp. nov.

Resembling P. m. massasoit, but slightly larger and darker, the fe-
male with the yellow markings above reduced to small spots and
partly, or sometimes completely, absent. Beneath with the costal
and outer border of the fore wings and the ground color of the hind
wings much darker and more reddish than in P. m. massasoit, and the
yellow markings on the hind wings less extensive. Yellow markings
on the hind wings beneath consisting of a broad yellow band, often
more or less obscured, except for the inner end and the outer third or
fourth, with rusty, as wide as the interspace which basally extends for
a short distance within the cell and outwardly ends at a distance from
the outer border which is somewhat greater than the length of the
fringe; above the outer third of this band is a small yellow oblong
spot not twice as broad as long with sometimes a similar or smaller
one above it; between the outer end of the band and the abdominal
border of the wing is a series of two or three oblong spots which are
usually about twice as long as broad.

Locality. — Beltsville, Maryland; bog between the railway station
and the experiment farm of the Bureau of Animal Industry, U. S.
Department of Agriculture; Hugh Upham Clark, collector, July 15,
1928.

Comparisons. — Compared with a series of five males and one female
from a bog in the woods at Weston, Mass., taken on July 9, 1923, the
specimens from Beltsville average slightly larger, while the color is
uniformly darker in both sexes, being blackish brown, the darkest
males with violet reflections.

The males not infrequently show three small spots in a row ex-
tending directly inward from the costal margin of the fore wings
about two-thirds of the distance from the base to the apex, and on
the hind wings the last two discal spots of the female may be indicated
by a few yellow scales.

7

8

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Fig. I. I, P. massasoit massasoit Scudder, cf, underside, Weston,
Mass., July 9, 1923; 2, Do.; 3, Do., 9; 4. P- massasoit, var. hughi
Clark, cf, upperside, Beltsville, Md., July 15, 1928, type; 5, Do., cf,
underside, type; 6, Do., d', paratype, underside; 7, Do., cf, paratype;

8, Do., 9, underside; allotype; 9, Do., 9, paratype.

All figures natural size.

The females have the yellow markings above greatly reduced. On
the fore wings, while the three small dashes near the costal margin
two-thirds of the distance from the base to the apex are similar to those
in the northern form, the two spots in the lower median interspaces
are only about half as large as they are in the northern female, and
there are no other markings on the fore wings. On the hind wings
only the last two of the row of four discal dashes are represented,
these being only about half the size of those in the northern form,
and the spot in the last subcostal interspace is absent, or is indicated
by a few yellow scales. Rarely the females are wholly without yellow
markings above.

Beneath in both sexes the costal and outer border of the fore wings
and the ground color of the hind wings is much darker and more
reddish than in northern (Massachusetts) specimens, and the yellow
markings are much less extensive. The interspace between the third
median and the lower radial veins is occupied by a broad yellow band
as wide as the interspace, which basally extends for a short distance

Clark: Poanes Massasoit Hughi.

9

within the cell and outwardly ends at a distance from the outer border,
which is somewhat greater than the length of the fringe. Beneath this
are two spots occupying the whole width between the next two inter-
spaces which are about twice as long (parallel to the veins) as broad;
their inner ends lie beneath about the middle of the yellow band and
their outer ends lie some distance within its outer end. Above the
yellow band and opposite its middle is a yellow spot occupying the
whole width of the next interspace which is somewhat longer than
broad. Above the inner end of this spot there may be another small
spot. The conspicuous subcentral yellow band is usually somewhat,
and occasionally largely, obscured with rusty scales, leaving clear
yellow only the portion within the cell and the outer end for a dis-
tance about equal to the length of the spot next beneath. In the
northern specimens the spots beneath the yellow band run inward
to the origin of the veins between which they lie and there is a third
spot which is only indicated in the Beltsville specimens.

(Note by W. J. Holland. An examination of the collections of
W. H. Edwards in my possession reveals in the series of P. massasoit
determined by Edwards, several specimens of the form P. massasoit
hughi Clark, from Nebraska. In the Ehrmann Collection bequeathed
to the Carnegie Museum are three specimens of the newly named
subspecies from South Dakota. It is thus shown that the var. hughi
Clark has a wide distribution).

II. FIELD KEYS TO THE LIZARDS AND AMPHIBIANS
OF BRITISH GUIANA.

By Stanton C. Crawford.

Department of Zoology, University of Pittsburgh.

The keys here devised are based on field characters, and are designed
for the use of the general student rather than the taxonomist. Techni-
cal language has been avoided, so far as is consistent with the desire
for brevity. The writer experienced the need for such keys, when in
the summer of 1924 he was collecting material for histological study
at the Kartabo Tropical Research Station. This laboratory had
been loaned to the University of Pittsburgh through the kindness of
Dr. William Beebe.

The literature describing forms from British Guiana is so scattered,
and there has been so much controversy over records of the occur-
rence of the forms reported for the colony, that it seems desirable to
collect and analyze the data anew, study the available specimens,
and include the findings in one report. For all of the species named
in the keys there seems to be authentic record of collection in the
colony, except possibly in the cases of Tropidiirus torqiiatus torquatus,
Atelopus pulcher, Atelopiis varius, 3ind Hyla fasciata. The specimens of
Hyla marmorata, reported by the author in a preliminary paper in
1926, afford the first record of the occurrence in British Guiana of this
Ecuadorean species. The occurrence of Ceratophrys cornuta, reported
by Dr. Beebe and later questioned, is confirmed by a specimen col-
lected in 1926 by Mr. J. F. W. Pearson.

The main outlines of the scheme of classification followed here
are based on Boulenger’s keys, with the chief exception that the sug-
gestions of Dr. G. K. Noble for the revision of the families of Am-
phibia have been adopted. Also many parts of the classification
depend on the work of Barbour, Stejneger, Ruthven, Burt, Cope, and
Camp. An effort has been made to correlate the contributions made by
these writers, in so far as they apply to the forms found in British
Guiana.

The earlier work on specimens was founded on material collected

11

12

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

by the writer in 1924, and by others working under his direction:
Messrs. George D. Morgan and E. P. Jones in 1925, Mr. and Mrs.
J. F. W. Pearson in 1926. Dr. S. H. Williams, also, kindly assisted in
obtaining specimens. Most of the material has been turned over to
the American Museum and to the Carnegie Museum. The animals
were collected at various stations through the stretch of country
extending twenty-four miles from Bartica to Matope Falls, and at
Amatuk, further in the interior.

The keys have been checked from many specimens in the American
Museum, including the types of Gonatodes heehei, Leptodactylus
rugosus, L. minutiis, and Hyla ornatissima. For making this ma-
terial available, for identifying several specimens, and for many
helpful suggestions, the writer is greatly indebted to Dr. G. K. Noble.
Mrs. Helen T. Gaige kindly checked the keys against specimens in the
collection of the Museum of Zoology at the University of Michigan.
Valued criticism was also given by Dr. Thomas Barbour of the Mu-
seum of Comparative Zoology, and by Dr. W. J. Holland and Mr.
M. Graham Netting of the Carnegie Museum. The writer never-
theless takes full responsibility for the keys as now presented.

The writer is aware of several shortcomings in the keys. Many
controversial points could not be settled with the information avail-
able. Such characters as the concavity of “forehead” in Anolis,
or the direction of the pupil in the Amphibia are not very satisfactory,
but they are difficult to replace. The pupil may be nearly round, when
fully dilated, but close inspection will reveal angles in the margin,
showing the direction of the slit. Several of the characters used are
difficult to observe in juvenile individuals. In general, such descrip-
tions of coloration have been made as would be applicable to both
living and preserved specimens. Frequently, general descriptive
material is added to supplement the statement of diagnostic points.

THE LIZARDS OF BRITISH GUIANA.

Key to the Families.

I. Tongue smooth, or velvety.

A. Eyes large, without movable lids. Skin granular. Jaw teeth
small, numerous, closely set, with obtuse points. No ptery-
goid teeth in roof of mouth Gekkonid^.

Crawford: Lizards and Amphibians of British Guiana. 13

B. Eyes moderate or small, with lids. Skin covered with scales.
Jaw teeth conical or canine-like in front, and on the sides
tricuspid or with edges finely denticulated, more or less com-
pressed. Usually pterygoid teeth Iguanidze.

II. Tongue covered with overlapping scaly projections, or with
oblique folds.

A. Tongue ending in two long smooth points, more or less
elongate, flattened. No osteodermal plates.

1. Scales of upper surfaces granular or overlapping. Scales

beneath body usually squarish and not overlapping.
Eyes and eyelids well developed. Limbs present, al-
though digits may be lacking Teiid^.

2. Scales usually absent. Scales of upper surfaces granular

when present. Eye concealed under skin. Mouth small.
No visible ear. Tongue arrowheaded. Limbs absent.
Body wormlike, ringed. Tail short Amphisb^nid^.

B. Tongue feebly nicked in front; moderately long, flattened.

Body with osteodermal plates Scincidze.

Family GEKKONIDT:.

Key to the Genera.

1. Digits not, or but slightly, dilated at the base; the two or three
distal joints more or less compressed and angularly bent. Digits
with series of transverse plates beneath, and all clawed. Claw
between two scales, a smaller upper and a large lower one, which
extends upwards around the claw on either side.

A. Pupil of eye vertical. No superciliary spines (hand lens)

above eye Gymnodactylus Spix

B. Pupil round. One or more superciliary spines.

Gonatodes Fitzinger

11. Digits entirely dilated, with a double series of thin plates
beneath; clawed, the claw retractile into a median groove.
Pupil of eye vertical. No superciliary spines. . Thecadactylus Oken

III. Digits dilated, but the distal joints compressed. Distal joint

long, free, rising from within the extremity of the digital dila-
tion. Plates beneath digits are in a double series. Pupil of eye
vertical. No superciliary spines Hemidactylus Oken

IV. Digits dilated at apex only, with very small sheathed claw, the

sheath opening laterally. Digital expansion with a circular
plate beneath. Pupil of eye circular or subelliptical. One
superciliary spine SphcEro dactyl us Wagler

14

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Key to the Species.

Genus Gymnodactylus Spix.

Adult about 3.25 inches long. A U-shaped dark line from eye to
eye over nape. Ground-color brown, marbled with darker spots,
which tend to form bands. Tubercles form fourteen very regular
longitudinal series on the back G. geckoides Spix

Genus Gonatodes Fitzinger.

I. A small projecting superciliary spine above eye. Gray-brown
above, a series of large black spots along each side of the vertebral
zone. Frequently a light vertebral line, with large serrations
extending laterally. Usually a light line, preceded by a darker
spot, in front of shoulder. Pale brown beneath. Throat often
with oblique brown lines converging backwards. Six or seven
upper labial shields. Total length about 2.5 inches.

G, annularis Boulenger

II. A series of three or four superciliary spines. Uniform reddish
brown above. Almost immaculate beneath, no spots on throat.
Five upper labial shields. A large Gonatodes, with narrow head.
Total length about 3.75 inches G. heehei Noble

Genus Thecadactylus Oken.

A large grotesque Gecko, attaining length of about 7.5 inches.
Head covered with small granular scales. Digits strongly dilated,
half webbed. Brown or grayish brown above, variegated. Whitish
beneath, immaculate T. rapicaudus (Houttuyn)

Genus Hemidactylus Oken.

Attains a length of about 6.5 inches. Hinder part of head shows
mixture of fine granules and round tubercles. Digits free, with
slender distal clawed joints. Gray or light brown above, with dark
spots or undulating cross-bands. Whitish beneath.

H. mahoiiia (Aloreau de Jonnes)

Genus Sph^rodactylus Wagler.

Less than 2.5 inches long. Generally with a pair of longitudinal
white stripes on each side of head and body, much more distinct on
the head. Grayish brown above, whitish beneath. Fine keeled
granules on the body S. molei Boettger

Crawford: Lizards and Amphibians of British Guiana. 15

Family IGUANID^.

Key to the Genera.

I. Femoral pores (beneath thighs) absent.

A. Digits more or less dilated, or depressed, with smooth trans-
verse platelets beneath, the distal joint narrower, cylindrical,
or compressed. No transverse folds on throat. Vertebral
fold feebly developed, or absent. Tympanum distinct.
Male with appendage on throat.

1. Distal joint raised above the one next to it. Digits more
or less dilated. Usually pterygoid teeth in roof of mouth.

Anolis Daudin

2. Distal joint not raised. Digits scarcely dilated. No

pterygoid teeth Norops Wagler

B. Digits not dilated.

I. Plates beneath digits distinctly keeled or several-ridged.

a. Head more or less produced behind. A transverse
^ throat fold, but no sac. Toes with dermal lobes on

outer sides. Pterygoid teeth Basiliscus Laurenti

b. Head not produced behind.

X. A transverse throat-fold, or a very large occipital
(or interparietal) shield, much larger than the eye
opening. No sac on throat.

y. Digits straight, or nearly so. Pterygoid teeth,
z. Digits long and slender, toes strongly
“toothed” laterally. Upper head-scales
strongly keeled or tubercular. Strong
transverse throat-folds. Body and tail

crested Uranoscodon Kaup

z'. Digits compressed. Upper head-scales large,
smooth. A strong curved or oblique fold on
each side in front of shoulder, not extend-
ing across throat. Frequently a transverse
fold in front of the latter. No crest on back.

Tropidurus Wied
y'. Digits laterally bent at the joints, compressed,
z. Scales of tail small, or moderately large.
Upper head-scales keeled, or with granular
prominences, large. Occipital plate very
large about half as wide as head. Neck
strongly folded beneath, fold forming a pair
of pouches on each side. Tail long, cylindri-
cal, or compressed. A vertebral crest.
Pterygoid teeth present or absent

Plica Gray

16

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

z'. Scales of tail very large and spiny. Upper
head-scales moderate, granular. Two
transverse throat-folds. Lips swollen. Tail
short, flat. No vertebral crest. No ptery-
goid teeth Urocentron Kaup

x'. No transverse throat-fold. Occipital shield small.

A large appendage on throat. Body compressed.

Pterygoid teeth Tropidodactylus Boulenger

2. Plates beneath digits smooth, or indistinctly keeled.
Occipital shield slightly enlarged. A transverse throat-
fold. No throat-sac. A slight crest or denticulation on

back. Pterygoid teeth Enyalius Wagler

II. Femoral pores in both sexes. Digits compressed. Pterygoid
teeth. Body compressed.

A. Third and fourth toes about equal. No transverse throat-
fold. No crest on back Polychrus Cuvier

B. Fourth toe much longer than third. A transverse throat-

fold. A large non-dilatable throat-appendage. A lobed
vertebral crest Iguana Gronovius

Key to the Species.

Genus Anolis Daudin.

I. Forehead definitely concave. Vertebral fold feeble, or absent.

A. Short frontal ridges. Canthus rostralis (ridge from forward

angle of eye-opening to snout) feeble, three or four canthal
scales. Ear-opening moderately large, vertically oval. No
vertebral fold. Moderate throat-appendage, indicated in
female. Occipital shield larger than ear-opening, separated
from the supra-orbital shields by two or three rows of scales.
Loreal rows (between eye and nostril, on side of head) five
or six. Six to eight upper labial shields to below center of
eye. Fourteen to sixteen platelets under phalanges II and
III of the fourth toe. Tail slender, roundish. Total length
not quite five inches. Gray-brown or olive above, with
metallic green or coppery gloss. Frequently a light dark-
edged cross-band between the eyes. Irregular darker spots.
Other variable markings. Beneath, whitish, sometimes
brown-dotted A. fusco-auratus D’Orbigny

B. No frontal ridges. Canthus rostralis well marked.

I. Canthus rostralis short, two canthal scales. No vertebral
fold. Upper head-scales keeled. Ear-opening rather
large, vertically oval. Throat-appendage large, less
developed in female. Scales of throat obtusely keeled.

Crawford; Lizards and Amphibians of British Guiana. 17

Occipital shield small, smaller than ear-opening. Loreal
rows seven to nine. Seven upper labial shields to below
center of eye. Sixteen to eighteen platelets under
phalanges II and III of the fourth toe. Tail rounded.
Total length about five inches. Uniform coppery above,
sometimes with darker spots or a light vertebral line.
Beneath whitish, with metallic gloss.

A. schiedii (Wiegmann)

2. Canthus rostralis longer, four or five canthal scales. Male
with feeble vertebral fold. Digital expansions well de-
veloped. Upper head-scales smooth.

a. Canthus rostralis rather obtuse, becoming sharp in
front of eye. Four or five canthal scales. Ear-
opening moderate, vertically suboval. Throat-append-
age rather large, not developed in female. Scales of

^throat smooth. Occipital shield larger than ear-
opening. Loreal rows four or five. Five to six upper
labial shields to below center of eye. Twenty-two to
twenty-six platelets under phalanges II and III of
fourth toe. Tail compressed, with feebly serrated
upper edge. Body above brownish or greenish, often
with a dark network, enclosing whitish spots. Beneath
whitish, or greenish, with metallic gloss. Total length
eight inches A. ceneus Gray

b. Canthus rostralis sharp, four canthal scales. Ear-

opening moderate, suboval. Throat-appendage well
developed in male, very small in female. Scales of
throat smooth or obtusely keeled. Occipital shield
at least as large as ear-opening. Loreal rows four to
six. Seven to nine upper labial shields to below
center of eye. Twenty-six to twenty-eight platelets
under phalanges II and III of fourth toe. Tail
feebly compressed. Purplish above, with scattered
round white dots. Sometimes a vertebral series of
light spots. Beneath, purplish or greenish. Length
about 10.5 inches A. punctatus Daudin

11. Forehead scarcely or not concave. No vertebral fold.

A. Occipital shield at least as large as ear-opening. Digits feebly
dilated.

I. Two or more vertebral series slightly larger than other
scales of back. Tail rounded. Body grayish above, with
metallic gloss, and oblique brown bands towards tail.
Brown cross-bands on tail and limbs. Sides of head and
neck marbled with brown. Beneath greenish white.
Length about 4.25 inches A. nitens (Wagler)

18

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

2. Scales of back not larger in vertebral series. Frontal
ridges absent, or short and feeble. Scales of the supra-
orbital semicircles (above, between eyes) enlarged, sepa-
rated by one or two series of scales. Throat-scales keeled.
Upper head-scales each with one to three minute ridges.
Loreal rows five to seven. Seven to nine upper labial
shields to below center of eye. Tail rounded. Body
brownish above, often a dark cross-band between the
eyes. Back with indistinct symmetrical dark markings
and metallic reflections. Flanks frequently with round
black dots. Sometimes a light dark-edged vertebral
line, wider behind. Beneath whitish, sometimes dotted,
or with a black longitudinal streak. Length about 7.75
inches A. chrysolepis Dumeril & Bibron

B. Occipital shield smaller than the ear-opening. Digits feebly
or moderately dilated. Canthus rostralis distinct and
angular. Throat-scales keeled.

1. Fourteen platelets under phalanges II and III of fourth
toe. Frontal ridges absent. Seven loreal rows. Upper
head-scales minutely one- to three-ridged. Snout short,
swollen between nostrils. Ear-opening rather large,
suboval. Ten to eleven upper labial shields to below
center of eye. Canthus rostralis short. Throat-ap-
pendage very small, black. Limbs short and slender.
Scales of vertebral region almost as large as those beneath
body. Tail rounded. A dark transverse band between
the eyes. Golden-brown above, with black flecking and
cross-bands. Length about 5.6 inches.

A. lentiginosus O’Shaughnessy

2. More than sixteen platelets under phalanges II and III
of fourth toe. Frontal ridges distinct, but short. Eight
to ten loreal rows. Eight to ten upper labial shields to
below center of eye. Large oval ear-opening slightly
oblique from horizontal. Occipital shield nearly as large
as ear-opening. Canthal scales two or three. Throat-
appendage small, nearly as much developed in the female
as in the male. Upper head-scales small, keeled. Tail
rounded. Above, olive or brownish, with metallic re-
flections; usually with large angular dark spots, sometimes
confluent. A dark cross-band between the eyes. Some-
times a light, dark-edged vertebral line. A large dark
blue spot on each side of throat-appendage. Beneath
whitish, with metallic reflections; often a blackish longi-
tudinal line. Total length about 9.75 inches.

A. scypheus Cope

Crawford: Lizards and Amphibians of British Guiana. 19

3. Eighteen to twenty-one platelets under phalanges II
and III of fourth toe. Ear-opening moderate, oval. Five
or six labial shields to below center of eye. Four or five
loreal rows. Occipital shield nearly as large as ear-
opening. Canthal scales two or three. Throat-append-
age moderate in male, indicated in female. Upper head-
scales sharply keeled. Tail compressed, with slightly
serrated upper edge. Body compressed. Brown above,
with golden gloss, uniform or spotted with darker.
Sometimes with three pale longitudinal vertebral lines,
and lines from axilla to groin. Beneath whitish, with
metallic gloss. Total length about six inches.

A. sagrei Cocteau

Genus Norops Wagler

Body slender. Five upper labial shields to below center of eye.
Throat-scales keeled. Body-scales both above and beneath large,
sharply keeled. Scales of sides smaller and keeled. Golden-brown
above, with variable darker spots. Sometimes a dark band; if present,
usually bordered below by a white one, extending over ear from eye
to side of body. Beneath whitish or yellowish. In males a throat-
appendage, blue, or with a bluish spot. Total length about 7.25
inches N. auratus (Daudin)

Genus Basiliscus Laurenti

A large lizard, about thirty-two inches long, when fully grown.
Head-crest in male more or less regularly hood-shaped, rising from an
imaginary line connecting the upper borders of the ear-openings
(hardly developed in female). Crest on back much developed, some-
times as high again as body, supported by bony rays. Toes with strong
lateral fringe. Snout pointed. Eye-opening large. Upper labial
shields large, six or seven to below center of eye. Olive-brown above,
with more or less distinct angular black cross-bars. Light bands from
temple to neck and from loreal region to forelimb.

B. basiliscus (Linnaeus)

Genus Uranoscodon Kaup

Lizard about a foot and a half in length. Head moderately large,
short, rounded. Five or six labial shields, upper and lower. No
throat-pouch; scales of throat keeled. Pterygoid teeth. Limbs long.
Tail strongly compressed, crested like the back. Brownish above,
uniform or spotted with darker. Often a light irregular band from
arm-pit to groin. Beneath brownish white. . U. superciliosus (Linnaeus)

20 Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Genus Tropidurus Wied

I. Upper body-scales small, but slightly larger than those beneath.
A fringe of long scales in front of ear. Olive or brownish above,
usually a more or less distinct light and a dark band on either
side of the back. A strong black-banded slightly curved fold
before the arm, widely separated from its fellow. One or two
more or less marked transverse throat-folds. Sides of neck
granular, with one or two oblique folds, or pouches. Occipital
shield very large. Beneath yellowish, or grayish, often marbled
in front with blackish. Animal about ten inches long.

T. torquatus torquatus (?) (Wied)

II. Upper body-scales at least twice as large as those beneath. No
light bands along body. Otherwise much like T. torquatus
torquatus (Wied) T. torquatus hispidus (Spix)

Genus Plica Gray

I. Sides of neck feebly folded, without spines. A strong oblique
fold in front of arm, bearing a broad black band, often showing a
yellowish spot in front. A feeble longitudinal and a strong
transverse throat-fold. Reddish or purplish above, with more
or less distinct blackish cross-bands. Brownish or yellowish
beneath. Almost a foot in length P. umbra (Linnaeus)

II. Sides of neck with tufts of small erect spine-like scales. Neck
constricted and strongly folded and pouched beneath. Rear-
most throat-fold continuous with a lateral fold, curving above
the shoulder, and ending above the hind limb. Grayish to black-
ish above, spotted or marbled with darker. Dark cross-bars on
limbs and sometimes on back. Whitish beneath, a collar of
black marblings. Throat black in adults. Total length about
sixteen inches P. plica (Linnaeus)

Genus Urocentron Kaup

A small lizard, not quite five inches long. Sides of neck irregularly
folded. Tail shorter and narrower than the body, flat beneath, about
twice as broad as deep, with whorls of large obtusely keeled spiny
scales. Azure-blue or olive above, with crescentic black cross-bands.
Beneath greenish or yellowish U. azureum (Linnaeus)

Genus Tropidodactylus Boulenger

Snout sharp, canthus rostralis very short. Upper head-scales many-
ridged. Eleven or twelve plates on upper lip to below center of eye.
Throat-scales keeled. Yellowish brown above, marbled with dark
brown. A dark cross-band between the eyes. A row of dark spots
with lighter centers along each side of back. Throat-sac blackish.
Length 8.5 inches . . T. onca (O’Shaughnessy)

Crawford; Lizards and Amphibians of British Guiana. 21

Genus Enyalius Wagler

Upper head-scales small, smooth or feebly keeled. Pale brownish
above, with an alternating series of squarish brown spots along the
middle of the back. A brown band from eye to shoulder. Whitish
beneath. Length about nine inches E. hibroni Boulenger

Genus Polychrus Cuvier

Upper head-scales enlarged, smooth, or feebly granulated, or lined.
Eye-opening small, smaller than tympanum. Tail nearly three times
as long as head and body. Color and markings very variable. Red-
dish brown above, with blackish spots or symmetrical transverse
markings. Furrows between head-shields black. Black lines radiating
from eye, the two most constant being to above tympanum and to
angle of mouth. Lighter beneath, uniform, or brown-spotted. Full
grown males are sixteen inches long, females larger.

P. marmoratus (Linnaeus)

Genus Iguana Gronovius

Very large (fifty-five inches) with a continuous lobed crest on neck,
back, and tail. Snout rounded, with obtuse canthus rostralis. Ptery-
goid teeth. Nostril large, pierced in a swollen nasal, near tip of snout.
Tympanum large, oval. Forward border of the throat-appendage
with a crest of large triangular compressed scales. A large circular
shield below tympanum. Scales of back very small, equal, keeled.
Green, or greenish, lighter beneath. Upper surface usually variegated
with darker and lighter. Usually with dark, light edged irregular
bars down flanks. Tail with dark rings. Usually a whitish streak in
front of arms I. iguana (Linnaeus)

Family TEIID^.

Key to the Genera.

1. Nostril pierced in a nasal head-shield, or in the furrow between
the two nasals, on either side of head. Limbs well developed.

A. Right and left forward nasal shields not separated by the
fronto-nasal. Plates beneath body. Tympanum exposed.
No transparent disk in lower eyelid.

I. Scaly portion of tongue not much widened; frequently
retractable into a basal sheath. Not, or but feebly, nicked
behind.

a. Plates beneath body small, forming more than twenty
longitudinal series. A double collar-fold. Large
lizards.

22

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

X. Tail not, or but feebly, compressed. Scales of back
small, uniform. Eight or nine lower labial shields.

. Tupinamhis Daudin

x'. Tail strongly compressed, with a double longi-
tudinal keel above. Scales of upper surfaces
intermixed with large keeled tubercles. Eleven to

thirteen lower labial shields DraccEna Daudin

b. Plates beneath body large, forming less than twenty
longitudinal series. Five or six lower labial shields.

X. Plates beneath body keeled. Collar-fold single.

Kentropyx Spix

x'. Plates beneath body smooth. Collar-fold double.

Ameiva Meyer

2. Scaly portion of tongue arrow-headed, cleft, not re-
tractile.

a. Tail rounded. Head-shields large, regular. Shields

beneath body in less than twenty longitudinal rows.
Collar-fold double Cnemidophorus Wagler

b. Tail strongly compressed, twice ridged above. Scales
of back small, uniform. One collar-fold.

Crocodilurus Spix

B. Right and left nasal shields widely separated by one or two
fronto-nasals. Tongue moderately elongate, arrow-headed.
Lower eyelid with a transparent disk. Tympanum exposed.

1. Tail compressed, with a double toothed crest. A collar-
fold. Back covered with small, intermixed with large,
keeled scales. Plates beneath body.

Neusticurus Dumeril and Bibron

2. Tail round or somewhat four-sided. Transparent disk
of lower eyelid composed of several scales. Dorsal scales
strongly keeled.

a. No collar-fold Leposoma Spix

b. A strong collar-fold Euspondylus Tschudi

IE Nostril pierced between the nasal and the first labial head-
shields. A fronto-nasal, separating the nasals. No ear-opening.
Digits rudimentary, or absent. Digits, if distinct, clawless.
Scales of back quadrangular. No plates beneath body. Tongue
moderately elongate, arrow-headed. Eyes minute; eyelids de-
veloped. No collar-fold. Hind limbs undivided.. . Bachia Gray

HI. Nostril in the lower part of a single more or less bisected nasal
shield. Nasal shields widely separated by a fronto-nasal. Ear
exposed. Inner finger, if distinct, clawless. A transparent disk
in lower eyelid. No plates beneath body. No collar-fold.

Crawford: Lizards and Amphibians of British Guiana. 23

A. Prefrontal head-shields moderate and forming a short suture.
Scales of tail lanceolate, keeled. Two loreal shields. All
scales roundish-hexagonal, overlapping, smooth. Two rows
along back, and two along belly, much dilated transversely.

Iphisa Gray

B. Prefrontal shields small and widely separated. Scales of tail

smooth. One loreal shield Calliscmcopus Ruthven

Key to the Species.

Genus Tupinambis Daudin.

I. Two loreal plates. Temples with small granular scales. Scales
of back oval, flat. Thirty-six to forty scales across the middle
of the belly. Olive above, marbled and transversely barred with
black, and with rows of lighter spots. Black cross-bands
beneath, on yellow brown. Furrows between the plates on upper
surfaces of head black. About a yard in length.

T. teguixin (Linn sens)

11. One loreal plate. A few large plates bordering the temple su-
periorly. Scales of back regularly hexagonal, flat. About thirty
scales across middle of belly. No black cross-bands beneath.
Head with large black spots above. About a yard in length.

T. nigropunctatus Spix

Genus Draczena Daudin.

A large lizard. Scales of back small, irregular, intermixed with
irregularly arranged large oval strongly keeled tubercles. Four or
five small pores on each side in front of the region of the vent, and two
or three under each thigh. Olive-brown above. Flanks with lighter
spots. Yellowish beneath, marbled with blackish. Furrows between
the labial shields and chin-shields black. Length when grown, thirty-
three inches D. guianensis Daudin

Genus Kentropyx Spix

1. Scales of vertebral line much larger than the laterals; strongly
overlapping, keeled. Border of collar-fold strongly toothed,
formed of twelve or thirteen plates.

A. Scales along vertebral line very large, with sharp keels form-

ing fourteen straight longitudinal rows. Color olive, a few
black spots on each side of body in general region of fore
limbs. Length twelve inches K. striatus (Daudin)

B. Scales along vertebral line smaller, the keels not continuous,
and directed toward the median line of the back. Above
olive; beneath greenish white. A light line on each side.

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

beginning from the eye, bordered above and beneath by a
broad black band, or a series of black spots. A second, more
or less distinct, beginning from the ear. Almost fourteen
inches long K. intermedins (Gray)

Scales along vertebral line a little larger than those on sides of
body; hexagonal, keeled. Edge of collar not, or but slightly,
toothed; the last row of the band in front of the collar-fold con-
taining fifteen or sixteen plates sometimes separated from the
fold by granules. Olive above, a light line on each side, com-
mencing from the eye, bordered below and sometimes above by
a row of black spots, sometimes confluent into a band. Some-
times other lines and spots. Eleven inches long.

K. calcar atus Spix

Genus Ameiva Meyer

Twelve longitudinal and thirty to thirty-three transverse rows of
plates beneath the body. Scales of tail straight, feebly keeled. Fe-
moral pores less than twenty-three on each side. Nostril between the
nasal plates. A broad band of enlarged scales across the throat.
Granules of back small, smooth. Shields of forearm in two or three
rows; the outer row wider than the others. Above pale olive-brown,
tinged with green. Head, neck, and arms spotted with black. White
spots on sides. Young with a black white-edged band on each side,
commencing from the eye. Female fifteen inches in length; male
larger A. ameiva ameiva (Linnaeus)

Genus Cnemidophorus Wagler

I. Ten to twelve longitudinal and thirty-five to forty-two trans-
verse rows of plates beneath the body. Arm-shields small.
Femoral pores twenty-seven to forty-five. Scales of the band
in front of the collar-fold separated from free edge of collar by
four or five rows of granules. Brown to olive above; sides with
bluish white spots. Yellowish to slaty beneath. Total length
of adult 17.5 inches C. murinus miirinus (Laurenti)

II. Plates beneath body in eight longitudinal rows. Large arm-
shields. Femoral pores fifteen to twenty-seven. Scales of the
band in front of collar-fold separated from free edge of collar by
one to three rows of granules. Olive to bluish, with six to ten
light longitudinal stripes, or without stripes. Whitish spots on
limbs. Greenish white beneath. Female 8.5 inches long; male
longer C. lemniscatus lemniscatus (Linnaeus)

Genus Crocouilurus Spix

Scales of back small, elongate, oval, slightly keeled or peaked.
Abdominal plates with the rear border rounded, in twenty-four longi-

24

11.

Crawford: Lizards and Amphibians of British Guiana. 25

tudinal and thirty-seven transverse series. Femoral pores very small,
rather indistinct, six to ten in number. Brown above, dotted with
black. Yellowish beneath, with scattered blackish spots. Digits
with black rings. Length 20.5 inches C. lacertinus (Daudin)

Genus Neusticurus Dumeril & Bibron

1. Transparent disk of lower eyelid composed of several pieces.
Olive-brown above, with darker spottings. Three vertical dark
brown bars on upper eyelid. More or less distinct white spot-
ings on flanks. Snout pointed. Diameter of ear half that of
eye. Eleven inches long N. bicarinatus (Linnaeus)

11. Transparent disk of lower eyelid undivided. Brown above,
spotted with darker. Usually white spotting on flanks, and axilla
black. Snout more obtuse. Ear-opening almost as large as eye.
Less than seven inches long N. ecpleopus ecpleopus Cope

III. Transparent disk of lower eyelid composed of five pieces.
Uniform blackish brown above, whitish beneath. Snout rather
short, pointed. Ear-opening as large as eye-opening. About
seven inches long N. rudis Boulenger

Genus Leposoma Spix

1. Chin-shields, one in front and three pairs, the members of the
first two pairs in contact. Twenty-three or twenty-four scales
around middle of body. Thirty-four scales from occiput to
base of tail; thirty-three from third pair of chin-shields to the
vent. Yellowish brown above, with three or four rows of small
black dots on the back. Lower surfaces yellowish. Four inches
long L. scincoides Spix

11. Chin-shields, one in front and three pairs, the members of the
pairs in contact, except those of the third pair separated by a
single scale. Twenty-five to twenty-nine scales around middle
of body, thirty-five to thirty-nine from occiput to base of tail,
and forty from the third pair of chin-shields to the vent. Reddish
to yellowish brown above, whitish beneath, a broad band of
dark brown extending along either side of head and body. Just
under four inches long L. percarinatum (Muller)

III. Chin-shields, four pairs, the members of the first three pairs in
contact. Thirty-two or less scales from occiput to base of tail.
Dark brown above, black dotted. On each side of the back a
light line, commencing from the region above the eye. Sides
of the head with oblique black lines. Lower surfaces yellowish
white. Just over four inches long L. dispar Peters

26

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Genus Euspondylus Tschudi

Snout short, obtusely pointed. Dorsal scales hexagonal. Lateral
scales small, roundish, smooth. Black above and beneath, each scale
or shield with one to three white dots, the dots larger on the ventral
shields. Chin white. Animal about five inches long.

E. leiicostictiis (Boulenger)

Genus Bachia Gray

I. Two supraocular shields. Fore limb with three or four un-
clawed digits. Scale-rows of body; thirty longitudinal; forty-
seven to fifty transverse. Brown, back lighter. Two or three
longitudinal darker lines. Almost five inches long.

B. cophias (Schneider)

II. One supraocular shield. Fore limb with three unclawed digits.
Hind limb undivided. Scale-rows of body; twenty-six to twenty-
eight longitudinal; fifty to fifty-one transverse. Back reddish
brown, with paler vermiculations. Sides blackish, with a pale
stripe. Head bluish black, iridescent. Pale yellowish beneath.
Six inches long B. parkeri Ruthven

Genus Iphisa Gray

Head depressed; snout short and broad, truncate. Body elongate,
limbs short. Tail long, tapering to point. Chestnut brown above,
with small dark marblings. Yellowish white beneath. A more or less
distinct light lateral line, separating the lighter upper surface from the
blackish brown of the sides. Not quite six inches long.

I. elegans Gray

Genus Calliscincopus Ruthven

Body moderately elongate. Head flattened. Brown above, be-
coming darker towards the hind limbs. A light stripe on each side
from end of snout to base of tail. Sides of head, neck and body and
upper surface of limbs black. Throat light green. Blue beneath.
Not quite six inches long C. agilis Ruthven

Family AMPHISBT:NIDT:.

Genus Amphisb^na Linnaeus

VVormlike. Eyes under skin. A distinct lateral line.

I. Not more than two hundred and seventeen rings on body, twenty-
four to thirty-two on tail. Eye distinct through the ocular
shield. Black and white variegated, either the one or the other
color predominating A. fuliginosa Linnaeus

Crawford: Lizards and Amphibians of British Guiana. 27

II. About two hundred and forty-eight rings on the body, thirteen on
the tail. Eye not distinguishable through the ocular shield.
Whitish, with some dark brown segments above, and some pale
brown spots beneath A. stejnegeri Ruthven

Family SCINCID^.

Genus Mabuya Fitzinger.

I. Less than thirty-three scales around middle of body. Snout
obtuse. No projecting lobules on ear-opening. Limbs short.
Olive or bronzy above, uniform or with darker spots. A broad
dark lateral band passing through the eye, usually bordered
beneath by a light streak. Animals about nine inches long.

M. agilis (Raddi)

11. More than thirty-three scales around middle of body. Snout
elongate, rather sharp. Ear-opening with minute projecting
lobules or granules on its front border. Limbs long. Olive
above, variegated with darker and lighter. Over nine inches
long M. punctata (Gray)

THE AMPHIBIA OF BRITISH GUIANA.

Key to the Families.

1. Four limbs and no tail.

A. Tongue absent. Eustachian tubes having a common exit

from the pharynx. No tympanum Pipid^

B. Tongue present. Eustachian tubes with separate openings
from pharynx.

I. Pupil of eye horizontal, or, in one genus, vertical. If
vertical, then with distinct tympanum, and with inner
finger and toe opposable.

a. Parotoid glands (prominences behind ear and above
shoulder on either side), but no vomerine teeth (in roof
of mouth) or upper jaw-teeth ; or no parotoid glands,
but with both vomerine and upper jaw-teeth; or in
genus Allophryne, (which see) neither parotoids,
vomerine teeth, nor upper jaw-teeth, and tympanum
hidden. If teeth, then one or more of the following
additional characters: — a discoidal fold beneath the
body; a tarsal fold; toes fringed; color black; head
enormous, elevated, bony, upper eyelid with heavy
appendage; a lumbar gland; tubercle on upper eye-
lid. Tubercles beneath digits and beneath metatar-
sals Bufonid^

28

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

b. Either parotoid glands or vomerine teeth or both.

Teeth in upper jaw. Head more or less depressed.
Both fingers and toes dilated into terminal disks.
Body more or less granulated beneath Hylid.<e

c. Neither parotoid glands nor vomerine teeth. Teeth in

upper jaw absent or present. If present, then toes
webbed. Fingers free Brachycephalid^

d. No parotoid glands, but both vomerine and upper jaw-
teeth. Fingers free. Toes entirely webbed. . Ranid.^e

2. Pupil of eye round or vertical. If vertical, then tympa-
num hidden. Eyes small. Snout projecting beyond
mouth. Neither vomerine nor upper jaw-teeth. Fingers
free, toes webbed or free. Habit stout.. . . BREViciPiTiDiE

II. No limbs. Tail rudimentary. A flap-shaped tentacle.

Cgeciliid^

Family PIPID^.

Genus Pipa Laurenti

No teeth in upper jaw. A large dermal flap at angle of mouth.
One or two short tentacles on upper lip in front of eye. Head ex-
tremely depressed, triangular. Eye minute P. pipa (Linnaeus)

Genus Protopipa Noble

Teeth in upper jaw. No dermal flap at angle of mouth. No dermal
filament on upper lip. Neither head nor body greatly flattened.
Snout rounded, not angular. Skin rough, tubercular.

P. aspera (Muller)

Family BUFONID^.

Key to the Genera.

I. No vomerine teeth, but with parotoid glands. Toes more or less
webbed Bufo Laurenti

H. Vomerine teeth, but no parotoid glands.

A. Toes free or slightly webbed.

1. Digits not, or but slightly, dilated at tips.

a. No conspicuous lumbar gland.

Leptodactyliis Fitzinger

b. A very prominent oval lumbar gland, as large as

eyeball Pleurodema Tschudi

2. Digits with medium or large disks.

Eleutherodactylus Dumeril & Bibron

Crawford: Lizards and Amphibians of British Guiana. 29

B. Toes webbed to tips. Digits pointed or slightly dilated at

tips Pseiidis Wagler

C. Toes two-thirds to three-fourths webbed. Head very large,
bony, horny Ceratophrys Boie

III. Neither vomerine teeth nor parotoid glands.. . Allophryne Gaige

Key to the Species.

Genus Bufo Laurenti

I. Grayish brown or blackish beneath, with round light dots.
Brown above. Cranial ridges none, or indistinct. A rather in-
distinct tarsal fold. Parotoid glands large, but depressed, and
descending to armpit B. guttatiis Schneider

II. I mmaculate beneath, or with dark spots. Head with bony
ridges.

A. Angles of jaws projecting. Parotoid glands rather small,
angular. No tarsal folds. Ridges on head very prominent
and bony in adult. Above, brownish, with a few black
spots. Small warts, forming lateral folds. . . . B. typhoniiis (L.)

B. Jaws normal. Very large parotoid glands. Tarsal folds.

Brownish above, usually with large darker spots. Skin very
rough B. marinis (L.)

Genus Leptodactylus Fitzinger.

I. Toes without distinct dermal margins.

A. Tips of toes dilated into small but distinct disks.

1. First finger not extending beyond second. Granular

above, with longitudinal folds and rows of warts. A

discoidal fold beneath. Brown above, marbled with
darker, a dark band between the eyes. Hind limbs
cross-barred. Hinder side of thighs dark brown, marbled
with white L. hylcedactyhis (Cope)

2. First finger extending slightly beyond second. Above,

closely set tubercles. Smooth beneath. Blackish brown
above, with white line on side of snout, upper eyelid,
and on either side of back. A large spot on the loin, and
smaller ones elsewhere on limbs, these spots crimson in
life, whitish in alcohol. Beneath, light brown with small
white dots L. lineatus (Schneider)

B. Tips of toes not, or but slightly, dilated.

I. Tympanum at least two-thirds width of eye.

a. Head narrow, snout long and pointed. Back with
many longitudinal folds. Dark spot on nape nearly

30

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

or quite divided. Sometimes a light vertebral stripe,
accompanied by two very narrow light stripes on
either side, and a light stripe beneath the thighs.
Hind limbs cross-barred or marbled. A discoidal fold
beneath L. typhonius (Daudin)

b. Head broader, snout more blunt.

X. Skin smooth above, generally with large flat
glands on the flanks. Brownish above. A black
stripe along canthus rostralis and temporal fold.
Generally with dark spots arranged in transverse
bars on the back. Limbs cross-barred. Thighs
marbled behind with black and yellow. A glandu-
lar fold from eye over tympanum to shoulder.
Generally another along each side of the back to
the sacral region. Beneath, a more or less distinct
discoidal fold. Very large and stout.

L. peyitadactylus (Laurenti)

y. Skin smooth, with distinct pores, each surrounded

with a whitish halo, on the upper surfaces of thighs,
calves, and tarsi. Reddish brown to violet-rose
above. A well-accentuated “moustache.” Flanks
with slightly prominent oval glands and incom-
plete black rings. A fold above the tympanum,
curved to the arm. Beneath, a discoidal fold. A
deep black streak on either side of the back.
Other black and some white markings. No white
line on thigh L. mystacinus (Burmeister)

z. Skin very rugose above, some of the tubercles
forming short elevated longitudinal lines. Warts
on eyelids and a few on the snout. Reddish brown
above, with paler markings, especially on upper
lip and thighs. Straw-color beneath, heavily
blotched with brown, especially beneath skin.

L. rugosus Noble

2. Tympanum not two-thirds width of eye.

a. A narrow glandular lateral fold, partly white, from
eye to groin, and one over tympanum. Skin minutely
granular. A fine elevated mid-line from snout to vent.
Brown above, with darker markings. A light-edged
band between the eyes. A broad dark “moustache”
stripe on canthus, and running through eye to tympa-
num. This stripe with an equally prominent white
stripe beneath it. Limbs cross-barred. A white
longitudinal stripe on the thighs. Beneath, a discoidal
fold L. mystaceus (Spix)

Crawford: Lizards and Amphibians of British Guiana. 31

b. No dorsal folds. Size very small. Skin slightly

glandular. Dull olive-gray above, with darker

spottings. Three, sometimes irregular, pale stripes
running the length of the back. Dark spots form
cross-bars on limbs. Almost immaculate beneath.
A ventral discoidal fold L. minutus Noble

II. Toes with distinct dermal margins.

A. A fold from eye to groin on either side, with another over

tympanum. Canthus and these folds dark brown. Skin
smooth or slightly granular. General coloration of back
reddish or chestnut. Thighs very dark behind, with three
or four rows of irregular white dots. Three or four diffuse
dark bars on upper side of thighs L. stictigiilaris Noble

B. No extensive longitudinal folds, except from eye to forearm
over tympanum.

1. Skin smooth, with a few scattered warts. Brownish or

olive above, with darker markings. A large dark brown,
black-edged, angular spot on the occiput. Beneath,
white, always reticulated or vermiculated with brown or
gray. Thighs light brown above, crossed by a few short
wide slanting darker bars L. caliginosus Girard

2. Similar, but color deep yellow to reddish brown. Lighter
and darker spots. A dark stripe between the eyes, from
which a light ivory-colored area extends forward. Tym-
panum close to eye, very large, ivory-color. Under side
nearly white, little vermiculated. . . . L. pallidorostris Lutz

Genus Pleurodema Tschudi.

Snout rounded, as long as diameter of eye. Tympanum indistinct.
First finger extending considerably beyond second. Toes short, a
rudimentary web extending as a slight fringe along the sides. A few
small flat warts above. Olive-brown, with a few indistinct darker
markings. A large black spot on inguinal region, sometimes including
gland. Loins and hinder side of thighs rose. Upper sides of thighs
with one to three large black spots. Sometimes a light vertebral line.

P. hrachyops (Cope)

Genus Eleutherodactylus Dumeril & Bibron.

Skin smooth above. Belly granular. Gray-brown above, with dark
brown markings and marblings.

1. Digits with disks nearly as large as tympanum. The latter one-
fourth diameter of eye. Feeble oblique glandular ridges on back
of head. Limbs cross-barred; dark bars radiating from eye.

E. marmoratus (Boulenger)

32

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

II. Disks much smaller than tympanum. The latter two-fifths
diameter of eye. A small tubercle on upper eyelid and a curved
fold over tympanum. Sides indistinctly granular. Sometimes
a triangular light blotch between eyes. Limbs indistinctly
cross-barred. Groin, upper anterior and lower posterior surface
of femur and inner face of tibia, carmine. . . E. urichi (Boettger)

Genus Pseudis Wagler.

Snout tapering. Interorbital space broader than upper eyelid.
Tympanum three-fourths diameter of eye. Fingers and toes pointed.
Skin smooth, brownish above, with dark markings. Beneath with
brown spots and vermiculations on creamy background.

P. paradoxa (L.)

Genus Ceratophrys Boie.

Head large, elevated. A broad ridge from eye to above tympanum.
Eye very small. Upper eyelid produced in a horn-like appendage, the
length of which equals the diameter of the eye. Upper surfaces with
small tubercles, larger and conical on the flanks; beneath, granular.
Grayish, head and back with dark markings, sides marbled with
brown. Limbs with regular dark cross-bars C. cornuta (L.)

Genus Allophryne Gaige.

Head very small, broader than long. Tips of fingers and toes
dilated into disks. No tympanic disk. Snout rounded. Back dis-
tinctly porous, with small pustulations, especially on snout, eyelids,
and sides of head. A few of these pustulations tipped with a tiny
spine. Fold from eye to shoulder and one across throat. Dark gray
above, lighter beneath. Head dark; back with dark spots.

A. ruthveni Gaige

Family HYLID.T:.

Key to the Genera.

1. Pupil of eye horizontal. Toes more or less webbed. Tongue
adherent or moderately free behind Hyla Laurenti

H. Pupil vertical. Toes free or shortly webbed. Tongue ex-
tensively free behind Phyllomedusa Wagler

Key to the Species.

Genus Hyla Laurenti.

1. Choanse (internal openings of nasal passages) large. Vomerine
teeth in two strong series, transverse, or forming together a
trough, an arch, or a chevron.

A. At least the outer fingers more than one-third webbed.

Crawford: Lizards and Amphibians of British Guiana. 33

I. A projecting rudiment of pollex (in the form of a tubercle,
or acute claw). Coloration beneath immaculate.

a. Outer fingers entirely webbed. Tympanum two-
thirds diameter of eye. Skin minutely granulated
above, and coarsely beneath. Heel with a triangular
dermal appendage. Brown or reddish brown above,
variegated with lighter and darker. Limbs usually
with dark cross-bars. Sometimes a dark vertebral
line from tip of snout to sacrum.

H. maxima (Laurenti)

b. Outer fingers two-thirds webbed. Tympanum one-

half diameter of eye. Skin smooth above. Heel
with a very short triangular dermal appendage. A
narrow glandular lateral fold. Yellowish or light
reddish brown above, closely and minutely dotted
with brown H. alhomarginata Spix

c. Outer fingers half webbed, or nearly so. Skin granu-
late, or with tubercles on upper surfaces.

X. Tympanum nearly two-thirds diameter of eye.
Upper surfaces with scattered tubercles; in color
brownish, dotted and marbled with darker.
Limbs more or less cross-barred. Perhaps vertical
dark bars on sides of body and thighs.

H. pardalis Spix

x'. Tympanum one-half diameter of eye, or less.
Upper surfaces granulate. Almost colorless, with
scattered purple dots. Upper eyelid rose.

H. granosa Boulenger

2. No projecting rudiment of pollex.

a. Outer fingers nearly half webbed. Body large.
Tympanum nearly as large as eye. Borders of fronto-
parietals forming two strong ridges. Reddish or
blackish brown above, spotted or marbled with
darker and lighter. Limbs with broken dark cross-
bands. Flanks sometimes white-spotted. Throat and
chest spotted. Skin smooth above.

H. taurina (Fitzinger)

b. Fingers two-thirds webbed. Body medium size.

Greatest diameter of tympanum (inconspicuous) less
than one-half greatest diameter of eye. Ground-
color straw. Two dark, pink-bordered spots on snout.
A dark bar between the eyes. A diamond-shaped spot
in front of pelvis H. ornatissima Noble

34

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

B. Fingers one-third webbed, or nearly so. Tympanum two-
thirds diameter of eye.

1. Head broader than long. Region between nostril and

eye oblique. Fingers one-third, or one-fourth webbed.
Light brown above, marbled with darker. Sides of body
and of thighs (at least of hinder part) with vertical dark
slender stripes H. crepitans Wied

2. Head as long as broad. Region between nostril and eye
not very oblique. Three outer fingers one-third webbed.
Grayish or reddish above, with darker and lighter mark-
ings. Smooth or tubercular above. A fold above tym-
panum. Sides of body immaculate. Upper surface of
limbs with wide dark cross-bands.

H. leprieuri Dumeril & Bibron

C. Fingers with slight rudiments of web.

1. Tympanum one-half diameter of eye.

a. Region between nostril and eye oblique. Skin

smooth above. Heel with a dermal spur. Reddish
brown above, a dark brown vertebral line beginning
from tip of snout. Sides of body and limbs with
vertical black bars H. fasciata (Schneider) (?)

b. Region between nostril and eye concave. Snout

shorter than diameter of eye. Canthus rostralis
distinct. Interorbital space much wider than upper
eyelid. Above deep green, with numerous distinct
brown spots. Legs marked with yellow, orange, and
brown H. helence Ruthven

2. Tympanum about two-thirds diameter of eye. A narrow

glandular fold from eye above tympanum to back, lost
behind shoulder. Head rather narrow, otherwise much
like H. leprieuri. Above skin smooth, color reddish brown,
or grayish. Head, body, and limbs with slender cross-
bands. A white line above anus H. boans Daudin

D. Fingers quite free. Region between nostril and eye very
oblique and concave. Tympanum three-fifths diameter of
eye. Brown above, spotted with darker. Limbs with
regular dark cross-bands. Breast and limbs specked with
brown. Female carries eggs on back.. . . H. evansi Boulenger

H. Choanae small or moderate. Vomerine teeth in two short series,
transverse, or obliquely directed backwards and inwards, on a
level with the hinder edge of the choanae or a little behind them.
A. Fingers more than one-third webbed.

I. Web reaching disks of second and fourth fingers. Tym-
panum very distinct, nearly two-thirds diameter of eye.

Crawford: Lizards and Amphibians of British Guiana. 35

a. Web reaching disk of third finger. Forearm and
tarsus with a denticulated fringe. Upper surfaces
slightly warty. Reddish brown above, marbled with
dark brown. Hind limbs with dark cross-bars.
Beneath, bright saffron, with small round black dots.
Extremities black. Webs black and saffron.

H. marmorata (Laurenti)

b. Web not reaching disk of third finger. Skin thick,

leathery, minutely pitted above. Chestnut-brown
above, a light hour-glass shaped figure between eyes
and sacrum. Armpit black II. coriacea Peters

2. Web not reaching disks of second and fourth fingers.
Tympanum about one-half diameter of eye. Snout
pointed, much projecting. Eyes small, head broad and
very flat. Skin smooth or minutely granulate above,
coarsely granulate beneath. A strong fold across chest.
Short cutaneous flaps on either side of vent. Uniform
yellowish or pinkish. A reddish brown streak on canthus.

II. aurantiaca Daudin

B. Outer fingers one-third or one-fourth webbed. Tympanum

about two-thirds diameter of eye. No tarsal fold. Upper
surfaces warty. Brown above, marbled with darker. Broad
dark cross-bars on hind limbs H. venulosa (Laurenti)

C. Outer finger perfectly free. Tympanum one-half diameter
of eye, or a little more than that. Toes three-fourths webbed.

1. Snout twice as long as diameter of eye. Upper surfaces

tubercular. Conical tubercle on heel. Brown above,
marbled with darker. Throat and chest spotted with
brown H. acuminata Cope

2. Snout 1.5 to 1.66 times as long as diameter of eye. Smooth,
or with small tubercles above, brownish. Usually a light
streak along each side of back, beginning from eye.
Sometimes an X-shaped dark figure. Sides of thighs
sometimes black and white marbled.. . . H. rubra Daudin

Genus Phyllomedusa Wagler.

1. Parotoids distinct. Vomerine teeth. Tympanum half diameter
of eye. Upper surfaces bony. Blue-green above, purplish white
beneath. Clearly defined light spots on sides of body, limbs,
digits, and a line above anus P. bicolor (Boddaert)

11. Parotoids scarcely distinct. No vomerine teeth. Tympanum
not half diameter of eye. Upper surfaces smooth. Light purplish
or blue above, immaculate whitish beneath. Vertical purplish
brown bands on limbs and sides of body. Colors brilliant when
alive P. hypochondrialis (Daudin)

36

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Family BRACHYCEPHALID.F:.

Key to the Genera.

I. Teeth in upper jaw.

A. Toes nearly free Phyllobates Dumeril & Bibron

B. Toes with distinct webs Hyloxalus Espada

IT No teeth in upper jaw.

A. Toes more or less webbed. Habit slender.

Atelopus Dumeril & Bibron

B. No web between toes.

1. No tympanum. Skin warty, especially above. Eusta-
chian tubes very minute. Foot modified for grasping.

Oreophrynella Boulenger

2. Tympanum more or less distinct. Skin smooth or

tubercular Dendrobates Wagler

Key to the Species.

Genus Phyllobates Dumeril & Bibron.

E Upper surfaces of head and body distinctly glandular. Ear con-
cealed. First finger longer than second. Dark brown above,
sides blackish, two lines on either side of head and body, one
running above eye, one on upper lip. Beneath, variegated gray,
or brown and white. Flash colors of pink on axilla and inguinal
or femoral regions P. ingiiinalis (Cope)

IT Upper surface of head and body not distinctly glandular al-
though sometimes tubercular. First finger shorter than second.
Adult, beneath, brown or spotted with dark tones. A dark bar
across chest; forward part of belly generally of same dark tone.

P. trinitatis Garman

Genus Hyloxalus Espada.

Size very small. Snout rounded. Tympanum nearly two-thirds
diameter of eye, rather indistinct. Digital dilations very small.
First finger not so long as second. Skin smooth above, slightly
granular on sides, no well defined folds on back. Bright yellow, a
streak of dark brown from snout through eye to groin. Two light
streaks on either side of back, from eye to pelvic region. Above dark
stipplings on yellow H. beebei Noble

Genus Atelopus Dumeril & Bibron.

L Fingers long and slender, first nearly as long as second. Skin
covered with granular tubercles. Yellowish brown, marbled
with blackish above and beneath. A narrow light vertebral
line. Throat and breast black A. proboscideus (Boulenger)

Crawford: Lizards and Amphibians of British Guiana. 37

11. Fingers moderate, first short or rudimentary. Skin smooth.

A. Toes nearly entirely webbed. Above blackish; beneath

yellowish. Variable markings of crimson or greenish yellow
above A. varius Stannius (?)

B. Toes one-third webbed.

1. Bright yellow, marbled above with brown or black.
Beneath immaculate, or marbled with brown.

A. flavescens Dumeril & Bibron

2. Blackish brown above, with light green markings.
Beneath carmine, more or less spotted with black.

A. piilcher (Boulenger) (?)

Genus Oreophrynella Boulenger.

I. Snout short, rounded, not prominent. Digits somewhat swollen
at ends. Upper surfaces very rough. Black, except variable
yellow marblings or spottings beneath 0. quelchii Boulenger

II. Snout prominent, projecting much beyond mouth. Digits
ending in distinct truncated disks. Upper surfaces olive, with
lighter marblings and yellowish spots forming a line from eye to
groin on either side of back. Beneath whitish.

0. macconnelli Boulenger

Genus Dendrobates Wagler.

I. First finger not extending so far as second. Skin smooth.

D. tinctorius (Schneider)

II. First finger extending beyond second. Skin of back tubercular.
A scarcely prominent glandular lateral fold. Black, with whitish
line on side of back, upper eyelid, and canthus rostralis; another
line on upper lip, extending to arm. White spots on limbs, and
sometimes on ventral body surface D. trivittatus (Spix)

Family RANIDT:.

Genus Rana Linnaeus.

A moderately prominent glandular lateral fold. Another glandular
fold from beneath eye to shoulder. Snout rounded. Tympanum dis-
tinct, at least two-thirds diameter of eye. Tongue more or less deeply
notched. First finger extending slightly beyond second. Olive or
brown above, immaculate or with small blackish spots; limbs with
spots arranged in cross-bars. Beneath, yellowish white with small
brownish specks or spots R. palmipes Spix

38

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Family BREVICIPITID^.

Key to the Genera.

I. Tympanum very large and close to eye. Eye rather small.
Snout short, pointed, obliquely truncated.

Otophryne Boulenger

II. Tympanum hidden. Eye quite small. Snout very long, pointed,
strongly projecting. Forelimb very short. Hind limb stout.

A. Body immaculate light brown beneath.

Gastrophryne Fitzinger

B. Body marbled with brown beneath. A broad, sometimes
interrupted yellow line along hinder side of thigh.

Elachistocleis Parker

Key to the Species.

Genus Otophryne Boulenger.

Skin thick, smooth and shiny. A strong fold from eye to thigh.
Blackish brown above. Groin and hinder side of thighs orange,
spotted with black. Throat and chest dark brown. Beneath whitish,
with some brown spots 0. robusta Boulenger

Genus Gastrophryne Fitzinger.

Above brown, more or less dotted with whitish. Diameter of eye
one-fourth length of snout. Skin perfectly smooth.

G. microps (Dumeril & Bibron)

Genus Elachistocleis Parker.

Above brown. Diameter of eye one-half length of snout. A fold
across the head behind the eyes E. ovalis Parker

Family CCECILIID.E.

Key to the Genera.

I. Two series of teeth in lower jaw.

A. Tentacular groove situated below nostril. Cycloid scales

imbedded in skin Ccecilia Linnaeus

B. Tentacular groove situated behind nostril. No scales.

Typhlonectes Peters

II. A single series of teeth in lower jaw. Tentacular groove in front
of eye. No scales Siphonops Wagler

Crawford: Lizards and Amphibians of British Guiana. 39

Key to the Species.

Genus Ccecilia Linnaeus.

1. Total length not sixty times greatest diameter of body. One
hundred and thirty-five to one hundred and fifty circular folds.

C. tentaculata Linnaeus

11. Total length more than sixty times greatest diameter of body,
two hundred and fifteen to two hundred and fifty-five circular
folds C. gracilis Shaw

Genus Typhlonectes Peters.

Snout broad, rounded. Eyes distinct. Body stout, moderately
elongate, becoming gradually compressed and keeled above towards
posterior end. One hundred and thirty-five to one hundred and sixty-
seven circular folds, interrupted on back

^ T. compressicauda (Dum. & Bib.)

Genus SiPHONOPS Wagler.

Snout broad, rounded, moderately prominent. Eyes distinct.
Body stout, cylindrical, moderately elongate. Eighty-five to ninety-
five circular folds, all complete S. annulatus Mikan.

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Barbour, Thos. 1920. Comments on a Recent Checklist. American
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, 1921. Sphaerodactylus. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zook, Harvard,

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, 1930. A List of Antillean Reptiles and Amphibians. Zoo-

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Boulenger, G. a. 1882. Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia, 2nd
ed., London.

, 1882 a. Catalogue of the Batrachia Gradientia, 2nd ed.,

London.

— — , 1885. Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum. 2nd

ed., Vols. I and II, London.

, 1887. Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum. 2nd

ed., Vol. Ill, London.

, 1887 a. On a New Geckoid Lizard from British Guiana.

Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pp. 153-4.

, 1895. Description of a New Batrachian {Oreo phryne quelchii)

discovered by Messrs. J. J. Quelch and F. Ale Connell on the Summit
of Mt. Roraima. Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist., London, XV, pp.
521-522.

, 1895 a. Oreophrynella quelchii. Annals and Mag. Nat.

Hist., London., XVI, p. 125.

, 1900. Report on a Collection made by Messrs. F. V. Mc-
Connell and J. J. Quelch at Mt. Roraima in British Guiana.
Trans. Linn. Soc., London, (2) Vol. VHI, Pt. 2.

, 1904. Description of a New Tree-frog of the Genus Hyla

from British Guiana, carrying Eggs on the Back. Proc. Zool.
Soc., London, Vol. II, p. 106.

, 1919. Synopsis of the American Species of Rana. Ann. and

Mag. Nat. Hist., London, (9) Vol. HI, No. 16, pp. 408-416.

Burt, Chas. E. and May D. Burt. 1930. The South American
Lizards in the Collection of the United States National Museum.
Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, Vol. 78, No. 6, pp. 1-52.

Burt, Chas. E. 1931. A Study of the Teiid lizards of the Genus
Cnemidophorus, with special reference to their phylogenetic re-
lationship. U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 154.

Burt, Chas. E. and May D. Burt. 1931. South American Lizards
in the Collection of the American Museum of Natural History.
Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. LXI, Art. VH, pp. 227-395.

Camp, C. L. 1923. Classificatio?i of the Lizards. Bull. Am. Mus.
Nat. Hist., Vol. XLVHI, pp. 289-482.

Cope, E. D. 1892. A Synopsis of the Species of the Teiid Genus
Cnemidophorus. Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., Vol. XVII, (N.S.) Phila.,
pp. 27-52.

Crawford: Lizards and Amphibians of British Guiana. 41

Crawford, Stanton C. 1926. Adaptations to Nocturnal Life Ex-
hibited by Various Animals of British Guiana, with Special
Reference to the Anatomical Basis of Night Vision in the Amphibia
and Reptilia. Univ. of Pittsburgh Bulletin, Vol. 22, No. 31,
pp. 29-37.

Gaige, Helen T. 1926. A New Frog from British Guiana. Occ.
Papers of Mus. Zool., U. of Mich., No. 176.

Griffin, L. E. 1917. A List of the South American Lizards of the
Carnegie Museum, with Description of Four New Species. Annals
Carnegie Museum, XI, pp. 304-320.

Lutz, Adolpho. 1926. Observations on Brazilian Batrachians. Part
I. The Genus Leptodactylus. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, Vol. 19,
No. 2, pp. 1-38.

, 1930. Second Paper on Brazilian and Some Closely Related

Species of the Genus Leptodactylus. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz,
Vol. 23, No. I, pp. 21-34.

Mehely, L. V., 1904. Investigations on Paraguayan Batrachians.
Ann. Mus. Nat., Hungary, H, pp. 207-232.

Mertens, Robert. 1930. Zur Biologic der Iguanidengattung Poly-
chrus G. Cuvier. Zool. Garten (Leipzig) 3 (9/10) pp. 269-278.

Mirando-Ribeiro, Alipio de. 1923. A unica verdadeira do
continente Sul Americain. Rev. Mus. Paulista, Vol. 13, pp.
801-809.

, 1926. Notas para servirem ao estudo dos Gymnobatrachios

{Amira) Brasileiros. Archivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de
Janeiro, Vol. XXVII.

, 1927. Os Leptodactylidce do Museu Paulista. Revista do

Museu Paulista, XV, i, pp. 1 13-134.

Noble, G. K. 1917. The Systematic Status of Some Batrachians from
South America. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXXVII, pp.
793-814.

, 1921. The Bony Structure and Phyletic Relations of Sphaer-

odactylus and Allied Lacertilian Genera, with the Description of a
New Genus. Am. Mus. Novitates, No. 4.

• , 1922. The Phylogeny of the Salient ia. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat.

Hist., Vol. XLVI, pp. 1-87.

, 1923. New Lizards from the Tropical Research Statio7i,

British Guiana. Zoologica, Vol. Ill, No. 15.

, 1923 a. New Batrachians from the Tropical Research

Station, British Guiana. Zoologica, Vol. HI, No. 14.

, 1925. A New Genus of Surinam Toads (Pipidce). Am.

Mus. Novitates, No. 164.

42

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

, 1925 a. An Outline of the Relation of Ontogeny to Phytogeny

within the Amphibia. I. Am. Mus. Novitates, No. 165, II.
Am. Mus. Novitates, No. 166.

, 1931. The Biology of the Amphibia. First edition. New

York. McGraw-Hill Co.

Parker, H. W. 1927. A Revision of the Frogs of the Genera Pseudo-
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, 1927 a. The Brevicipitid Frogs Allied to the Genus Gastro-

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No. 22.

, 1919. The Amphibians of the University of Michigan -

Walker Expedition to British Guiana. Occ. Papers Mus. Zool.,
Mich., No. 69.

, 1922. A New Species of Amphisbcena from British Guiana.

Occ. Papers Mus. Zool., Mich., No. 122.

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American Amphibians and Reptiles. 2nd ed., Cambridge,
Harvard University Press.

III. NEW SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF AFRICAN BIRDS.

By Rudyerd Boulton.

Preliminary studies of the four collections of African birds, which I
have made, reveal several forms which are apparently undescribed,
and it seems desirable to publish diagnoses of these in advance of the
final reports upon the expeditions. These collections are being con-
jointly studied, as there are geographic races in one collection not
represented in the others, and a more careful analysis is obtainable
through an examination of the entire series.

The four collections dealt with in this paper were made by: i,
The Vernay Angola Expedition of the American Museum of Natural
History, which was in the field from April until August, 1925, and
collected about twelve hundred specimens in central and southern
Angola; 2, The Straus African Expedition of the American Museum
of Natural History, which secured nine hundred specimens in southern
Tanganyika Territory and eastern Nyasaland from May until August,
1929; 3, The South African Expedition of the Carnegie Museum,
which made a collection of six hundred specimens in western and
southern Nyasaland and Southern Rhodesia from September, 1929,
until February, 1930; 4, The Pulitzer Angola Expedition of the Car-
negie Museum, which worked in central and southern Angola from
October, 1930, until April, 1931, bringing back a collection of about
thirteen hundred specimens.

I am indebted to the authorities of the American Museum of Natural
History for permission to report on the birds of the Vernay and Straus
Expeditions, and for their courtesy in extending to me all possible
facilities. To Dr. James P. Chapin I am especially grateful for his
advice and criticism. My thanks are due Dr. Lowe and Mr. Sclater
of the British Museum for allowing me to examine certain specimens
in the collections of that institution. To Dr. Friedmann of the United
States National Museum, to Mr. Bangs of the Museum of Com-
parative Zoology, and to Mr. Bowen of the Philadelphia Academy of
Natural Sciences I am grateful for the loan of specimens used in the
studies here reported.

43

44

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

In the following descriptions the names of colors in quotations are
those of Ridgway’s "Color Standards and Nomenclature,” 1912.
All measurements are in millimeters. The wing is measured flat and
straightened; that is, in a straight line from the bend of the shoulder
to the tip of the longest quill. The tail is measured from the insertion
of the middle rectrices to the tip of the longest feather. The measure-
ment of the bill is that of the exposed culmen, in a straight line from
its extremity to the point where the feathers of the forehead hide the
culmen.

I. Gymnobucco calvus vernayi, subsp. nov.

Type. — American Museum of Natural History, No. 259419; adult
male, gonads much enlarged; Mombolo, 6,000 ft.. District of Cuanza
Sul, Angola; February 13, 1925; Rudyerd Boulton, coll., Vernay
Angola Expedition. Wing, 94; tail, 53; culmen, 20; tarsus, 21.

Siihspecific characters. — Smaller than G. c. major Neumann. Differs
from both G. c. calvus (Lafresnaye) and G. c. major in having the throat
grayish white instead of dark grayish brown; the brown ground-color
of the plumage more grayish brown and more heavily streaked above
and below with grayish white; bristle-tufts grayish white instead of
yellowish buff. Culmen shorter than in either G. c. calvus or G. c.
major.

Description. — Nasal, ^ malar and mental bristles grayish white
(slightly discolored in the type) ; fore part of the crown bare, skin
black, unfeathered except for sparse, fine hair-like, black bristles;
ground-color of the feathers of the upper parts dark brown (a little
grayer than "mummy brown”); feathers of the hind crown with pale
grayish brown centers, most distinct toward their bases; feathers of the
back with white shafts and broad grayish white center streaks, dis-
tinct but poorly defined; rump and upper tail-coverts unstreaked, and
washed with grayish brown; throat dirty grayish white; remainder of
the under parts "buffy brown”; feathers of the breast and belly with
white shafts and pale grayish white centers; crissum and under tail-
coverts "buffy brown,” washed with grayish and yellowish; wing-
coverts "clove-brown,” washed and shaded at the extremities of the
feathers with "buffy brown”; primaries and outer secondaries dark
"clove-brown” edged externally with black; inner secondaries olive-

^Reichenow, Vog. Afrika’s, II, 1902, p. 137, and Bates, Handbook Birds of W.
Africa, 1930, p. 276, incorrectly state that there are no tufts of bristles behind the
nostrils.

Boulton: New Species & Subspecies of African Birds. 45

brown, tectrices edged internally with pale grayish brown on the
basal portion of the inner web; lining of the wings silvery brown;
under wing-coverts grayish brown; rectrices “clove-brown,” slightly
paler on the inner web.

Remarks. — G. c. calvus is distinguished from the other races by the
darker and richer tone of the brown of the under parts and by an al-
most total lack of shaft-streaks on the feathers of the breast. G. c.
major is intermediate in these two respects between calvus and vernayi,
but the characters are constant and the race is well marked. G. c.
vernayi is more distinct than either of the other races.

The five birds collected by Dr. Chapin on the Lower Congo are
intermediate between typical major diwd vernayi. They are nearer to
birds from Angola than to those from Cameroon, but are distinguished
from the former by the narrower streaking of the lower parts and by the
darker gray of the throat, and possibly merit subspecific recognition.
In the series from Angola there are several subadult specimens, which
are characterized by the narrow sulphur-yellow edges of the feathers
of the back and under parts, and by the persistence of the curious
spined tubercle on the proximal inferior portion of the tarsus. It would
appear that this tubercle disappears through the agency of wear and
occasional scaling, rather than by complete shedding at one time, as
in the case of the “egg-tooth” on the bills of many nestling birds.

Comparative measurements of the three races of calvus are as
follows:

G. c. calvus. One male: wing, 89 (worn); tail, 48; culmen, 22; tarsus,
23. Two females: wing, 90 (90); tail, 48-50 (49); culmen, 20-20.5
(20.2); tarsus, 22 (22), Two specimens (sex undetermined): wing,
87-92 (89.5); tail, 46-50 (48); culmen, 18.7-21 (19.8); tarsus, 20-23.5
(21.8).

G. c. major. Eight males: wing, 95-106 (99.2); tail, 49-60 (53.8);
culmen, 20.5-22 (21.2); tarsus, 22.5-25 (24). Four females: wing, 95-
100 (98.1) ; tail, 51-57 (54) ; culmen, 21-22 (21.5) ; tarsus, 23.5-24.5 (24).

G. c. vernayi.^ Eight males: wing, 90-94 (92.5); tail, 51-59 (54);
culmen, 19-20 (19.8) ; tarsus, 21-24 (22.8). Nine females: wing, 91-97.5
(94.5); tail, 52-58 (54.9); culmen, 19-20 (19.6 ); tarsus, 23-24 (23.5).

Specimens examined. — G. c. calvus. One from Sierra Leone (Am.
Mus. Nat. Hist.); two from Bangah and one from Du River, Liberia
(Mus. Comp. Zook); one from “Taveta” — Ussher Coll. (U. S. Nat.
Mus.).

^The five birds from the Lower Congo are not included. They are slightly
smaller than typical vernayi.

46

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

G. c. major. Two from Efulen and eleven from Minikalli, Cameroon
(Carnegie Mus.).

G. c. vernayi. Fourteen from Moco Mt., 6,400-6,500 ft., Angola
(Carnegie Mus.); six from Mombolo, 6,000 ft., Angola; two from
Thysville, and three from Ganda Sundi, Belgian Congo (Am. Mus.
Nat. Hist.).

2. Viridibucco coryphaea angolensis, subsp. nov.

Type. — American Museum of Natural History, No. 264721; adult
male; Mombolo, 6,000 ft.. District of Cuanza Sul, Angola; June 20,
1927; H. and C. Chapman, coll. Wing, 56; tail, 28; culmen, 9; tarsus, 14.

Subspecific characters. — Wing slightly longer than in V. c. coryphcea
(Reichenow) ; bill slightly shorter. Gray of the under parts much paler
and less olive; yellow of the upper parts more greenish, instead of
‘demon chrome.” Differs from V. c. jacksoni W. Sclater by having
a considerably longer wing and bill, and in that the gray of the under
parts and yellow of the upper parts are paler.

Description. — Forehead, lores, superciliary stripe, sides of the
crown, scapulars, back, and upper tail-coverts glossy blue-black; the
feathers of the center of the crown, nape, and back mottled with
“picric yellow”; auriculars black; a white line extends from the nostrils
under the eye and ear-coverts to the side of the neck; rump “pale
lemon-yellow”; under parts “pale smoke-gray” lightly washed with
yellowish green on the breast and flanks; under tail-coverts the same;
wing-coverts glossy black, the middle series broadly, and the greater
series narrowly, edged with yellow; primaries and secondaries fuscous,
the secondaries edged externally with yellow; all the wing-feathers
internally edged at their bases with white; under wing-coverts white;
tail glossy black, the feathers narrowly edged on the base of the outer
web with yellowish white.

Remarks. — This race is most closely related to V. c. jacksoni from
Mt. Ruwenzori and the Kivu Volcanoes, but is readily distinguished by
its paler yellow and more grayish plumage, as well as by its larger size.
V. c. coryphcea with its “lemon-chrome” marking is very distinct, and
is intermediate in length of wing between jacksoni and angolensis.

In one specimen from Mombolo, which from the color of its bill and
structure of the feathers is obviously immature, the yellow of the crown
is very pale and indefinitely demarked from the black of the upper
parts, and the under parts are more richly suffused with greenish than
in two adults.

Boulton: New Species & Subspecies of African Birds. 47

• Unfortunately the four original specimens of this race collected by
the Vernay Angola Expedition were lost in transit, and only their
measurements were preserved in manuscript. Subsequently three
others were obtained, one of which is made the type.

Comparative measurements of adults of the three races follow:

V. c. coryphcBa. Five males: wing, 53-55 (54.1); tail, 26-28 (27);
culmen, 9.4-10.5 (9.7); tarsus, 14. 3-15 (14.8). Two females: wing,
53-53-5 (53-2); tail, 25.5-27.5 (26.5); culmen, 9.4-9.5 (9.4); tarsus,

15 (15)-

V. c. jacksoni. Six males: wing, 50-53 (51); tail, 25.5-27 (26.7);
culmen, 8-9 (8.5); tarsus, 13. 5-14. 5 (14. i). Three females: wing,
51-54 (52.4); tail, 25-26 (25.5); culmen, 8-8.5 (8.2); tarsus, 14-14.5
(14.2).

V. c. angolensis. Four males: wing, 55-57 (56); tail, 26.5-28 (27.3);
culmen, 9-9.6 (9.4); tarsus, 14-14. 5 (14.2). Two females: wing, 55-56
(55.5); tail, 25-27 (26); culmen, 9 (9); tarsus, 14-14.5 (14-2).

Specimens examined. — V.^c. coryphcea. Two from Ninong, Man-
enguba Mts. ; one from Bambulue Lake, 6,000 ft., near Bamenda; one
from Kumbo, 6,000 ft.; one from Bamenda, 5,500 ft.; one from be-
tween Kumbo and Bamenda, 4,000 ft.; one from north of Chang, 5,000
ft. (Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist.).

V. c. jacksoni. One from Kanyango, Uganda, (the type) (Brit.
Mus. Nat. Hist.). Two from northwestern slope of Mt. Mikeno,
7,900 ft.; four from near Lubero, 7,500-7,600 ft.; two from Kalongi,
6,900-7,100 ft., western slopes of Mt. Ruwenzori; one from Mt. Musan-
dama, 7,900 ft., northeastern end of Mt. Ruwenzori, eastern Congo
(Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.).

V. c. angolensis. Seven from Mombolo, 6,000 ft., Angola (Am.
Mus. Nat. Hist.).

Onychorhinus, subgen. nov.

Type: Macrosphenus {Onychorhinus) pulitzeri, sp. nov. {vide infra).

Diagnosis. — Bill shorter than head, stouter than in other species of
Macrosphenus Cassin; exposed culmen gently decurved, more strongly
so terminally; inferior outline of mandible uniformly convex, more so
than in Macrosphenus or Suaheliornis Neumann; depth of bill at
gonys equal to its width, not less than its width as in Macrosphenus
and Suaheliornis. Wing short and greatly rounded. Tail about
four-fifths the length of the wing. Legs, feet, and claws comparatively
strong and robust.

48

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Remarks. — M. piilitzeri is interesting because it is in many ways
intermediate between the genera Macrosphenus and Suaheliornis. I
accordingly propose to unite them, retaining the latter as a subgenus,
in order to indicate more accurately the relationship. The arrange-
ment would provide for three subgenera in the genus Macrosphenus:
the first, Macrosphenus, including flavicans Cassin and kempi (Sharpe)
the second, Onychorhinus, including pulitzeri, sp. nov., and concolor
(Hartlaub); the third, Suaheliornis, including kretschmeri (Reichenow
and Neumann) and alhigula (Grote).^

A subgeneric division not only correlates structural characters
within the genus, but also indicates geographical distribution. Ma-
crosphenus is West African; Suaheliornis, East African; and Onycho-
rhinus is West African and Angolan. If I may dare to suggest a
phylogenetic tree, the cut here given seems best to illustrate the
relationships of these six species.

Macrosphenus

Fig. I. Phylogenetic tree of the genus Macrosphenus

Ws I have examined neither of these species I cannot be sure of their relation-
ships. However, Mr. Bannerman’s review of Macrosphenus {Ibis, 1921, p. 12 1)
gives such a clear picture of kempi, and albigula appears to be so near kretschmeri
that the above allocation of these species would seem justifiable.

Boulton: New Species & Subspecies of African Birds. 49

The figures of the bills shown below demonstrate more adequately
than long descriptions their differences and similarities.

M. flavicans M. kretschmeri

M concolor IVI. pulitzeri

Fig. 2. Variation of bills in the Genus Macrosphenus

The wing formulae of the four species examined show a considerable
degree of variation. In every case the wing is greatly rounded and the
amount of rounding is probably correlated with the habits and local
habitat of the individual species. The first primary is considered to be
the one at the carpal joint; the tenth is the outermost. \n flavicans
the formula is 5, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10; in concolor, 6, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10; in pulitzeri
and kretschmeri, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.

The proportion of length of wing to length of tail is also variable.

50

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

In kretschmeri they are almost equal, and in flavicans the tail is pro-
portionately shorter. The following percentages are calculated by
dividing the length of wing by the length of tail: M. kretschmeri, 95
percent; M. pulitzeri, 81 percent ; M. concolor, 70 percent; M. flavicans,
69 percent. The graduation of the tail-feathers puts kretschmeri again
at one extreme, while pulitzeri has the least rounded tail. The length
of the outermost rectrix is divided by the length of the middle pair of
rectrices, giving the following percentages: M. kretschmeri, 77 percent;
M. flavicans, 82 percent; M. concolor, 83 percent; M. pulitzeri, 83
percent.

Subgenera are in my opinion of value only when they show to
advantage the relationships of the species within a genus. The six
species under discussion form such a heterogeneous, yet at the same
time obviously related group, that it is illogical to accord to any
one form generic rank. Uniting them simplifies the taxonomy, but
disregards their biological significance. Splitting them into mono-
typic genera could serve no useful purpose. Accordingly, a subgeneric
division seems desirable, even though it adds to an ever-growing
multitude of names.

The following notes on specimens of the genus Macrosphejtus that
have been examined may be of interest. Of two specimens of M. f.
flavicans examined, a female collected by Sr. Correia on Fernando Po,
is much larger than a male collected by Mr. Bates at Bitye. The
latter is, however, subadult. Compared with the series of M. /.
hypochondriacus (Reichenow) collected by Dr. Chapin in the Upper
Congo, these birds are more greenish yellow and less orange. An
immature specimen of hypochondriacus from Avakubi is in brownish
juvenal plumage. The throat is irregularly grayish and greenish
brown, and the sides of the breast are distinctly golden brown. Two
specimens of M. concolor collected by Sr. Correia on Fernando Po are
distinctly larger than birds from either Cameroon or the Upper Congo,
and they are more yellowish on the breast, grayer on the flanks and
belly, and paler grayish green on the upper parts. They may repre-
sent a distinct race.

3. Macrosphenus pulitzeri, sp. nov.

Type. — Carnegie Museum, No. 108951 ; adult female, egg in oviduct;
Chingoroi, 2,200 ft.. District of Benguela, Angola; December i, 1930;

Boulton: New Species & Subspecies of African Birds. 51

R. and L. Boulton, coll., Pulitzer Angola Expedition. “Iris, putty-
color; mandible, horn-color; maxilla, flesh-color; legs and toes, flesh-
color; nails, horn-color.” Wing, 63; tail, 51; culmen, 16; tarsus, 25.

Description. — Entire upper part of the head, ear-coverts and nape
between “light brownish olive” and “citrine drab”; lores dusky;
back, scapulars, and upper tail-coverts between “deep olive” and
“brownish olive”; chin and throat “olive-buff,” the margins of the
feathers darker than the centers, which have a grayish tinge; breast
and belly “yellowish olive-buff,” the terminal portions of the feathers
faintly “reed-yellow”; flanks “ecru-olive”; under tail-coverts “olive-
ocher”; wings and tail “brownish olive,” feathers margined externally
with greenish olive; basal inner margins of the wing-feathers grayish
white; under wing-coverts dirty yellowish white.

Comparative measurements of specimens examined are as follows:

M. k. kretschmeri. One male: wing, 66; tail, 61; culmen, 17; tarsus,
23. One female: wing, 70; tail,j70; culmen, 16; tarsus, 23.5.

M. pulitzeri. One female: wing, 63; tail, 51; culmen, 16; tarsus,
25 (type).

M. f. flavicans. One male: wing, 56; tail, 45; culmen, 15.5; tarsus,
22. One female: wing, 64; tail, 44; culmen, 16; tarsus, 22.5.

M. f. hypochondriacus. Six males: wing, 58-64 (61); tail, 41-47
(44); culmen, 15-16.5 (15.9); tarsus, 21-21. 5 (21.3). Four females:
wing, 53-58 (56); tail, 35-39 (37); culmen, 15-16 (15.5); tarsus, 19. 5-21
(20.3).

M. concolor. Six males: wing, 56-63 (58.8); tail, 38-44 (40.7); cul-
men, 13-16 (13.9); tarsus, 20.5-22 (21.2). Four females: wing, 56-60
(57.5); tail, 38-43-5 (40-1): culmen, 13-13. 5 (i3-4); tarsus, 19-21
(19.9).

Specimens examined. — M. k. kretschmeri. Two from Bungu,

Usambara, Tanganyika Terr. (Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.).

M. pulitzeri. One from Chingoroi, Benguela, Angola (Carnegie
Mus.).

M . f. flavicans. One from Bitye, Cameroon, and one from Fernando
Po (Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.).

M. f. hypochondriacus. Five from Avakubi, one from Medje, two
from Rungu, two from Niangara, one from Ngayu, and one from
Manamama, between Bafwabaka and Ngayu, northeastern Belgian
Congo (Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.).

M. concolor: Three from Avakubi, four from Medje, one from
Ngayu, and one from Irumu, Belgian Congo; two from Fernando Po;
one from Assobam and one from Yaunde, Cameroon (Am. Mus. Nat.
Hist.). One from Lolodorf, Cameroon (Carnegie Mus.).

52

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

4. Apalis cinerea grandis, subsp. nov.

Type. — Carnegie Museum, No. 109479; adult male, gonads some-
what enlarged; Moco Mt., 6,500 ft.. District of Benguela, Angola;
February 27, 1931; R. and L. Boulton, coll., Pulitzer Angola Ex-
pedition. Wing, 62; tail, 73; culmen, ii; tarsus, 21.5.

Subspecific characters. — Larger than A. c. cinerea (Sharpe) or A. c.
sclateri (Alexander). Crown ashy gray instead of brown; flanks grayer.

Description. — Forehead “pale mouse-gray,” top of head and hind
crown “mouse-gray”; lores and auriculars “deep mouse-gray”; back,
scapulars, and upper tail-coverts “deep neutral gray”; under parts
white, washed with buffy, brightest on the upper breast and flanks,
all of the feathers with gray bases, which are most prominently re-
vealed on the sides of the belly; flanks “deep gull-gray”; wing-coverts
fuscous edged with “deep neutral gray”; alula, primaries, and secon-
daries fuscous, the latter edged externally with lighter brown; all the
wing-feathers internally edged with silvery gray; under wing-coverts
white; tail considerably graduated, the outermost feathers thirty-two
millimeters shorter than the middle pair; two central pairs of rectrices
uniform fuscous; the third pair with a triangular white spot at the
tip, the apex of which extends eleven millimeters along the shaft;
three outer pairs of rectrices white.

Remarks. — Apalis cinerea minor Granvik {=granviki Grote) seems
almost certainly to be a synonym of typical cinerea. There is a great
amount of individual variation in size, and the series in the American
Museum demonstrates that this variation cannot be correlated geo-
graphically. The range of variation in birds taken in the vicinity of
Nairobi practically includes the range in size of Elgon birds. Although
I have seen no specimens of supposed sclateri from West Africa, I am
inclined to follow Count Gyldenstolpe^ in uniting all East and West
African specimens under the name cinerea. Following are the com-
parative measurements of the adult specimens examined:

A. c. cinerea. Eight males: wing, 49-56 (53.5); tail, 49-60 (56);
culmen, lo-ii (10.5); tarsus, 19-20 (19.6). Six females: wing, 48-58
(52.5); tail, 46-51 (49.8); culmen, lO-ii (10.3); tarsus, 18-20.5 (19.3).

A. c. grandis. Five males: wing, 61-64 (62.4); tail, 69-74 (71 -4)5
culmen, 10. 8-1 1 (10.9); tarsus, 21-22 (21.4). One female: wing, 58;
tail, 58; culmen, 10.5; tarsus, 22.

Specimens examined. — A. c. cinerea. Three from Marsabit, six from
Ngong Forest, one from Mara River, five from Molo, one from Kijabe,

^1926, Arkiv. for Zoologi, Bd. 19A, N :o. i, p. 48.

Boulton: New Species & Subspecies of African Birds. 53

and one from Mt. Kenya, Kenya Colony; one from Djugu, eastern
Ituri District, Belgian Congo (Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.).

A. c. grandis. Six from Moco Mt., 6,300-6,500 ft., Angola (Car-
negie Mus.).

5. Apalis bamendae strausae, subsp. nov.

Type. — American Museum of Natural History, No. R. B. 2799; adult
male, gonads not enlarged; Mt. Rungwe, 5,650 ft., Tanganyika Terri-
tory; June II, 1929; R. and L. Boulton, coll., Straus African Expedi-
tion. Wing, 50; tail, 49; culmen, 9; tarsus, 18.

Subspecific characters. — Similar to A. b. bamendce in that the face
and ear-coverts are chestnut, rather than the same color as the back as
in A. porphyrolcema. The chestnut on the head of the new race is,
however, much darker than it isjn A. b. bamendce. It differs from
A. b. chapini in having the chin, throat, and malar region tawny in-
stead of white.

Description. — Lores, superciliary stripe, auriculars and forehead
dark “chestnut,” extending from the latter as a wash over the grayish
brown of the crown; back, scapulars, and wing-coverts “deep neutral
gray,” overlaid with a very slight wash of fuscous; upper tail-coverts
more strongly washed with brownish; throat “tawny”; feathers of
the upper chest “tawny” with gray bases; sides of breast and flanks
“pale mouse-gray,” center of belly paler and with a buffy wash; under
tail-coverts gray, strongly washed with “tawny”; tibiae dark “chest-
nut”; primaries and secondaries blackish brown, the inner secondaries
edged externally with “olive-brown”; tectrices internally edged with
pale gray; “axillars” whitish; under wing-coverts white, tipped with
“tawny”; rectrices, twelve in number, dark grayish brown, each
feather with an indistinct buffy tip.

Remarks. — In place of the arrangement of certain species and
subspecies of Apalis given in Mr. Sclater’s “Systema Avium Ethi-
opicarum,” I propose the following:

Apalis porphyrolcema porphyrolcema Reichenow and Neumann
af finis Ogil vie- Grant

“ “ vulcanorum Gyldenstolpe

“ bamendce bamendce B3innerm3.n
“ “ chapini Friedmann

“ “ strausce, sp. nov.

“ goslingi goslingi Alexander
“ “ hardyi Bannerman

I am grateful to Dr. Chapin for calling my attention to the fact that
goslingi is obviously not conspecific with porphyrolcBma. Goslingi and

54

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

hardyi are birds of the lowland forests; all of the other races are found
only in forest at high latitudes. In the races of porphyrolcema the lores,
forehead, auriculars, and subocular region are slate-gray, the same
color as the back. The races of bamendce have these same areas
tawny rufous, the same color as the throat. The distribution of Apalis
bamendcB is unusual, including as it does the Cameroon and Tan-
ganyika highlands, while porphyrolcBma occupies the Kenya and
eastern Congo highlands.

Comparative measurements are as follows:

A. p. porphyrolcEma. Two males: wing, 49-55 (42); tail, 49-63.5
(66.2); culmen, 9-9.4 (9.2); tarsus, 18-19 (18.5).

A. p. affinis. Three males: wing, 51-54 (52.3); tail, 56.5-61.5 (59);
culmen, 8.9-9. 5 (9-t)5 tarsus, 19.3-20 (19.6). Two females: wing, 50
(50); tail, 45-5-50 (47.7); culmen, 9-9.2 (9.1); tarsus, 18-19.5 (18.7).

A. b. bamendce. One female: wing, 50; tail, 38.5; culmen, 9.5;
tarsus, 18.4.

A. b. chapini. Three females: wing, 47.5-50.5 (49); tail, 45-52
(48.6); culmen, 9.5-10 (9.8); tarsus, 17-18.5 (17.8).

A. b. straiisce. Two males: wing, 49-50 (49.5); tail, 49-51 (50);
culmen, 9 (9); tarsus, 18 (18).

Specimens examined. — A. p. porphyrolcema. One from Nandi, and
one from Molo, Kenya (Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.).

A. p. affinis. One from Lubero, one from Kalongi, and three from
western slopes of Mt. Ruwenzori, eastern Congo (Am. Mus. Nat.
Hist.).

A. b. bamendce. One from Dschang, Cameroon (Am. Mus. Nat.
Hist.).

A. b. chapini. Two from Kigogo, Uzungwe, and one from Vituru,
Uluguru, Tanganyika Territory (Mus. Comp. Zook).

A. b. strausce. Two from Mt. Rungwe, Tanganyika Territory (Am.
Mus. Nat. Hist.).

A. g. goslingi. The series in the American Museum of Natural
History, from the Ituri River, near Penge and Avakubi, and from
the Lindi River near Bengamisa, Belgian Congo.

6. Seicercus laurae, sp. nov.

Carnegie Museum, No. 109478; adult male, gonads not
enlarged; Moco Mt., 6,600 ft.. District of Benguela, Angola; February
27, 1931; R. and L. Boulton, coll., Pulitzer Angola Expedition. Wing,
62; tail, 43; culmen, 9; tarsus, 21.

Boulton: New Species & Subspecies of African Birds. 55

Specific characters. — Differs from other known species in pattern of
coloration. Most nearly related to S. ruficapilla (Sundeval), but
easily distinguished by its larger size and the uniform yellow-green
of the upper parts.

Description. — Entire upper parts between “yellowish oil-green” and
“warbler-green” ; superciliary stripe greenish yellow; lores and a narrow
streak behind the eye dusky; eye-ring bright yellow, interrupted by
the dusky lores and postocular streak; throat, breast, and cheeks
bright “lemon-yellow,” the latter washed with dusky; lower breast
and center of the belly white; flanks pale gray slightly washed with
olive-green; tibiae and under tail-coverts “pale lemon-yellow”; wing-
coverts, primaries, and outer secondaries dark fuscous; inner secon-
daries and rectrices more olive-brown, each feather broadly margined
externally with yellowish green; inner margins of the primaries and
secondaries whitish; “axillars” and feathers of the edge of the wing
bright yellow; under wing-coverts white, tipped with “lemon-yellow.”

Remarks. — This species, the first of its genus to be found in south-
western Africa, is apparently confined to the mountain forest of the
Benguela highlands. Its bill is not so sharp and attenuated as that of
5. umhrovirens (Riippell), and is intermediate in shape between that of
S. ruficapilla and S. hudongoensis (Seth-Smith).

A female also collected on Moco Mountain does not differ in colora-
tion from the type. Its measurements are: wing, 58; tail, 39; culmen,
8.5; tarsus, 19.

7. Laniarius nyasae, sp. nov.

Type. — Carnegie Museum, No. 107130; female, ovaries not en-
larged, skull almost completely ossified; twenty miles east of Mzimba,
6,200 ft., Nyasaland; October 2, 1929; R. and L. Boulton, coll.. South
African Expedition. Wing, 82; tail, 72; culmen, 19; tarsus, 32.

Specific characters. — Unlike any known species of Laniarius.
Upper parts slate-olive; under parts dusky olive-green.

Description. — Upper parts slate-olive (“chaetura-drab”), the head
slightly darker; forehead blackish; ear-coverts and sides of the head
more brownish than the back; feathers of the rump indistinctly tipped
with dusky olivaceous buff; throat and upper chest dusky olive;
breast buffy olive; center of the belly “colonial buff,” shaded with
dusky olive; flanks and sides of the breast “brownish olive”; crissum
and under tail-coverts olive; tibiae “dresden brown”; primaries and
secondaries blackish brown, slightly edged with dark gray on their
outer webs; rectrices blackish brown; lining of the wings and tail
silvery brown; under wing-coverts dusky brown.

56

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Remarks. — Unfortunately this specimen is not entirely adult. I
feel confident, however, that its characters do not differ in any essential
from the adult plumage. Juvenal specimens of L.ftinebris (Hartlaub),
L. fiUleborni (Reichenow), and L. leucorhynchus (Hartlaub) have been
examined, and they show no resemblance to this bird from the Vipya
plateau. The new form is probably most nearly related to Laniarius
fiUleborni of the Mt. Rungwe district.

Note on Chlorophoneus miinzneri Reichenow.

A male of this beautiful Bush-Shrike, collected on Mt. Rungwe,
Tanganyika Territory, by the Straus Expedition, agrees in every de-
tail with Reichenow’s original description. For several reasons I am
of the opinion that miinzneri constitutes a distinct species, and is not a
race of Chlorophoneus rubiginosus (Sundeval). It has no indication of
a white eyebrow; the tail is entirely olive-green and yellow with no
trace of black; the throat is pure white; the bill is much weaker.
While the details of the range of Chlorophoneus rubiginosus, to which
this form has heretofore been referred, are not yet completely worked
out, Mt. Rungwe and Sanyi (type-locality of miinzneri) are directly
between northern Nyasaland and the Uluguru Mts., in Tanganyika,
from which localities C. r. bertrandi (Shelley) has been recorded. It
would be illogical to make such very distinct forms conspecific, when
they occupy similar and in some details overlapping territory. A
female of C. miinzneri from the Usambara Mountains is similar to the
male above described, except that the blue-gray of the head and nape
is duller. It has no trace of white lores or eyebrow. Comparative
measurements are as follows:

C. miinzneri. One male: wing, 92; tail, 94; culmen, 15; tarsus, 25.
One female: wing, 89; tail, 84; culmen, 14; tarsus, 24.

C. r. bertrandi. Two males: wing, 81-86 (83.5); tail, 79-84 (81.5);
culmen, 17-17. 5 (17.3); tarsus, 26-26.5 (26.3). Four females: wing,
79-81 (80.2); tail, 76-78 (76.8); culmen, 16-17.5 (16.6); tarsus, 25-26.5
(25-4)-

Specimens examined. — C. miinzneri. One from Mt. Rungwe (Am.
Mus. Nat. Hist.). One from Usambara (Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.).

C. r. bertrandi. Three from Mt. Belinda (Carnegie Mus.). One
from Mt. Mlanje (Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.). Two from Mt. Belinda
(Mus. Comp. Zook).

Carnegie Museum, November 10, 1931.

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L

CONTENTS

Editorial Notes . . . . .

I. A New Subspecies of Poanes massasoit Scudder. By

Austin H. Clark . . . . .

II. Field Keys to the Lizards and Amphibians of British
Guiana. By Stanton C. Crawford . . . 1 .

111. New Species and Subspecies of African Birds. By

Rudyerd Boulton

A.

n , " - y

K

Publications of the Carnegie Museum

Serial No. 152

CARNEGIE MUSEUM

VoL. XXI, No. 2.

' ' ■ ■■

p"' 'V- - ^ :

V “ April, 1932

r'

For sale by Messrs. Wheldon & Wesley, Ltd., 2-4, Arthur St., New
Oxford St., London, W. C. 2, England: Messrs. R. Friedlander u.
Sohn, II Carlstrasse, Berlin, N. W. 6, .Germany: Maruzen Company,
Ltd., 11-16, Nihonbashi, Tori-Sanchome, Tokyo, Japan; and at the
Carnegie Museum, Schenley Park, Pittsburgh, Penna., U. S. A.

ANNALS

OF THE

CARNEGIE MUSEUM

VOL. XXI, NO. 2.

Editorial Notes

The thirty-fifth formal celebration of Founder’s Day took place
on October 15th, at which time public announcement was made of the
opening of the Thirtieth International Exhibition of Paintings under
the auspices of the Department of Fine Arts of the Institute. The
principal address was made by his Excellency, Governor Albert E.
Ritchie, of Maryland. Mr. Ralph Pulitzer was asked by Col. Samuel
Harden Church, who presided, to address the audience; but, with
that modesty which characterizes him, he only responded with a bow
to the presiding officer and to the audience. At a small dinner,
attended only by the Trustees of the Institute and the Heads of
departments, Mr. Pulitzer was prevailed upon to speak and gave a
most interesting account of some of his experiences on the occasion
of his expedition to Angola on behalf of the Carnegie Museum.

A great deal of the interesting material collected by the Pulitzer
Expedition to Angola, giving at least a synoptic view of the results
of the expedition, was placed upon exhibition on the lower floor of the
Carnegie Museum, where it will remain for a while as a temporary
exhibit. The display consists of maps showing the regions visited,
photographs of the scenery, and representative specimens of the
mammals, birds, reptiles, fishes, insects of various orders, and plants
collected. The whole was tastefully arranged, and among other
things included is a miniature case showing the Giant Sable Antelope,
as it will appear when mounted.

In the early evening of Saturday October 31, 1931, it was dis-
covered that a fire had broken out in a large switch board which at

57

58

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

the time of the construction of the building had been placed in the room
for many years designated as The Laboratory of Mammals. After a
vain attempt had been made by Mr. Fulton, the assistant superin-
tendent of the building, to extinguish the flames by “hand extin-
guishers,” which were available, he sent in an alarm to the Fire De-
partment of Pittsburgh, which was quickly responded to. The fire-
men distinguished themselves by the speedy manner in which they got
the flames under control and also preserved the contents of the room
and of the building from damage by water, they having brought with
them many tarpaulins which they used with energy and efficiency.
The heartfelt thanks of all connected with the Museum and its friends
are due to these sturdy firemen for the quick manner in which they
acted, thus averting what might have been a catastrophe of con-
siderable magnitude. This large switch-board was erected at the time
the new building came into being and we have always believed that the
building was fire-proof. Unfortunately the doors, which concealed
the electric apparatus had been built of mahogany instead of metal.
A crossed wire on the switchboard set fire to the door which evidently
burned for some time and the heat set fire to two cases, one quite
large and the other a smaller one resting upon it. The contents of
the larger case on the floor, consisting of skins of bears, of seals, and
of walruses, was so badly injured as to make it impossible to use the
skins for mounting purposes. They were very badly singed. The
contents of the small upper case were partly destroyed. Our chief
regret in connection with this case is that a few days before there
had been placed in it two trays containing some of the smaller mam-
mals collected on the Pulitzer Expedition to Angola, which had not
yet been studied, nor reported upon. The loss sustained is greatly to
be deprecated, but as Dr. Thomas Arbuthnot so kindly said in a
letter to the Director: “I weep not for the loss of the specimens of the
Alaskan Brown Bear, which I presented to the Museum, because the
species is not extinct, and this may be an argument for my having
another hunting expedition.” What is most deprecated by all of us
is the loss of over one hundred specimens of small mammals, princi-
pally rodents, collected by the Pulitzer Expedition. Among these
we had fondly hoped that we might detect possibly some species new
to science, for they had been obtained in localities not often visited
by zoological collectors.

The work of rebuilding the switchboard, which controls the lights

Editorial Notes.

59

on the second and third floors of the Museum in the rear, is rapidly
going forward, and precautions are being taken, which it is believed
will prevent the recurrence of such an accident, not only in this part
of the building but elsewhere. Metal and uninflammable doors are
being provided not only for the switchboard, which was destroyed,
but elsewhere in the building.

It is a comfort to reflect that the great collections made by the
Pulitzer Expedition with the exception of the small rodents were all
in places of absolute safety. We may, however, have to send another
expedition to Angola, if the ways and means can be found.

On October i6, 1931, at 4:00 o’clock in the afternoon the friends
and associates of Mr. and Mrs. Boulton met them in farewell at a tea
given in their honor. Mr. Boulton has accepted the Assistant Cus-
todianship of Ornithology in the Field Museum of Chicago. While
we congratulate Mr. Boulton upon his advancement to a position in
which he will be more adequately recompensed for his services, than
could be arranged in this Museum with its limited resources, we feel
that we are not entirely sundered from him, and we have the assur-
ance that he will in due time make to this Museum for publication a
full report upon the collections of birds which he made for us in Africa
on his previous journeys and upon his last journey with Mr. Pulitzer.

On November 2, 1930, Oliver Perry Hay departed this life in the
eighty-fifth year of his age. He was born in Saluda Township, Jeffer-
son County, Indiana, on May 22, 1846.

He was the author of several papers published in the Annals of the
Carnegie Museum upon fossil Testudinata, the types of which are in
this Museum.

His great work upon the fossil turtles of North America, published
by the Carnegie Institution of Washington in 1908 will always remain
as a monument to his assiduous researches and learning in this special
field. But he will probably be more widely known by paleontologists
through his Bibliography of Fossil Vertebrates first published by the
U. S. Geological Survey in 1902, in one volume of 868 pages, and again
issued in revised and completed form in two volumes by the Carnegie
Institution of Washington. The first volume, giving the names of
authors and the titles of their papers, contains pp. i-viii + i-918;
the second volume, pp. i-xiv + 1-1074, gives a systematically arranged

60

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Catalog of the Fossil Vertebrates of the Continent. To the student
these works are indispensable. Besides these great works he was the
author of one hundred and ninety-one articles, shorter or longer,
upon various subjects in later years relating principally to fossils
from various Pleistocene deposits. A list of these papers from the pen
of Professor R. S. Lull of the Peabody Museum has just appeared in
the Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, Vol. XLII, pp.

34-48.

The Editor of these Annals was well acquainted with and prized
his friendship with Dr. Hay, which covered nearly the last forty years
of Hay’s life. We differed sometimes with each other in our opinions
on scientific matters, and sparred with each other in print, but per-
sonally our relations were most friendly. In common with his fellow
paleontologists the Editor deeply mourns his loss as that of a friend'
and most assiduous and capable worker in a difficult field. Peace
to his ashes!

IV. NEW SPECIES FROM THE OLIGOCENE OF THE UINTA.
By O. a. Peterson.

It is quite clear that the name “Upper Uinta,” which was used by
Peterson and Kay in their publication, Ann. C. M., Vol. XX, pp.
293-305, might in the future be a source of confusion to students. The
“Upper Uinta” is a term which was and will be commonly used by
geologists and paleontologists in referring to the upper series of the
Uinta Eocene, especially “Horizon C.” The name “Duchesne,”
suggested by Scott, ^ is therefore proposed for the Oligocene horizon,
which rests upon the Upper Eocene (Horizon C) in the Uinta Basin.
The Duchesne River in Duchesne County, Utah, has its source on
the southern side of the Uinta Mountains. The stream traverses these
upper beds, which are now determined to be Basal Oligocene, before
its confluence with the Green River a half mile below Ouray, Utah.
As stated by Peterson and Kay, l.c. p. 294, the geographical area
covered by these Oligocene strata has an east-west extent of ap-
proximately eighty miles, and seldom exceeds from twelve to fifteen
miles in a north-south direction along the northern margin of the
Uinta Basin. From Randlette westward, along the Duchesne river,
these Oligocene beds are quite clearly defined from the underlying
Uinta series (Horizon C). Peterson and Kay {l.c., p. 295) have al-
ready called attention to the fact that “the sandstones weather out to
characteristic reddish brown cliffs, which rest on softer clays [Hoti-
zon C of the Uinta] along the streams and on the divides between
Lake Fork, 'Dry Gulch,’ Duchesne, and the course of other rivers.”
Although a tentative division was made by Peterson & Kay between
the Duchesne beds and the underlying Uinta strata to the eastward
from Randlette, the distinction between the two horizons is not so
clear toward the eastern end of the basin.

The relationship of the fauna of the Duchesne Oligocene, as now
known, is less sharply defined from that in the underlying Uinta

'Since the publication of Annals of the Carnegie Museum, Vol. XX, 1931,
Art. XII, pp. 293-305, Professor W. B. Scott of Princeton University has in a
letter kindly suggested the name “Duchesne” for the Oligocene formation named
“Upper Uinta,” by Peterson and Kay.

61

62

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

sediments (Horizon C) than is usually the casein the superimposed
horizons of other localities. There is, nevertheless, an advance cor-
responding to that of the lithological change noted. ^ The Titanotheres
of the Duchesne Oligocene so far known represent an advance upon
those found in Horizon C of the Uinta series. Teleodus uintensis^
is a typical Oligocene form, with frontonasal horns well developed;
with two upper and three lower incisors, bearing the characteristic
button-shaped crowns found in all the known Titanotheres of the
White River Oligocene. The horses, or Anchitheres, and Tapiroids
have the lower premolars more like the molars. The Cameloids are
very distinctly advanced in the direction of those found in the White
River Oligocene. The genus Hycenodon of the eastern Oligocene, not
heretofore found in the Eocene of America, is recognized. With this
assembly of forms there are, so far found, remains of Anchitheres,
Amynodonts, Homacodonts, Agriochcerids, and Mesonychids, as
survivors from the underlying Eocene. The Amynodonts have the
second lower premolar reduced to vestigial proportions. The Homa-
codonts and Mesonychids^ have advanced in their trend of evolu-
tion. It is quite safe to say, that, when more complete material is
found representing the Agriochcerids and the Oreodonts, they will
be found to have similarly advanced.

The Duchesne Oligocene of the Uinta Basin may thus be regarded
as a horizon quite perfectly transitional between the Upper Eocene
and the Chadron horizon^ of the White River series of South Dakota.
We were gratified in finding in the Duchesne Oligocene the genus
Hycenodon, hitherto not reported from so low a level in the American
Oligocene. In this vast deposit of strata, over one thousand feet thick,
we have not yet discovered any horizons which abruptly traverse the
formation, such as the well known Metamynodon and Protoceras
Sandstones; the two latter being stream deposits, which contain sud-
den breaks in the Oligocene fauna of the White River Badlands of

2See Annals Carnegie Museum, Vol. XX, 1931, pp. 294-298.

^Annals Carnegie Museum, Vol. XX, 1931, p. 308.

^Annals Carnegie Museum, Vol. XX, 1931, p. 338.

^It should be noted here that the fauna which Mr. Douglass described from
the “Sage Creek Beds’’ of Montana, Ann. Car. Mus. Vol. II, 1903. pp. 155-160,
is in part probably a later facies than that in the Duchesne Oligocene of Utah.
The stratum of the Sage Creek Beds of Montana in which '‘Metamynodon''^ was
found might therefore have to be placed between the Chadron of Nebraska-
Dakota and the Duchesne series of Utah.

Peterson: New Species from the Uinta Oligocene.

63

South Dakota. The evidence of stream-action is abundant in the
Duchesne series, but the scarcity of fossil remains through the entire
formation precludes at this time any clear comparison with what is
known of the Oligocene of Dakota.

Of the fossils described in the following pages the fragment of an
upper jaw as well as limb bones of HycEnodon were found in 1929 in
the Titanothere quarry of the upper Duchesne Oligocene and the
fragment of a lower jaw of the Amynodont described in the following
pages was found in the same quarry in 1930. The rest of the ma-
terial described in what follows was collected in different horizons of
the Oligocene of the Uinta Basin by the field-party of the Carnegie
Museum in charge of Mr. J. LeRoy Kay in 1931. The illustrations
are from drawings made by Mr. Sydney Prentice.

Class REPTILIA.

Order CROCODILIA.

Family ALLIGATORIDT:.

Genus Crocodilus.

I. Crocodilus (?) acer Cope.

A very poorly preserved skull and lower jaws, C. M., No. 11858,
discovered near the base of the Duchesne Oligocene in the Uinta
Basin, Utah, is provisionally referred to the genus Crocodilus. The
specimen was found three miles north of the Leota Ranch in Uinta
County. By the liberal use of shellac and extreme care in collecting
it was possible to transport this frail specimen from the field to the
Museum. For detailed and reliable description this specimen requires
an amount of most painstaking and careful work in the laboratory,
which cannot be done in advance of the publication of the present paper.
From the superficial study, which I have been able to give in the pre-
sent condition of the specimen, it appears most nearly like Crocodilus
(?) acer Cope® from the ‘‘Manti formation” in central Utah, rede-
scribed by Charles C. Mook. ^ The long and comparatively narrow
form of the head; the irregularly rounded and anteriorly pointed
orbits; the flat surface of the snout (undoubtedly due, in a great
measure, to crushing) ; the broad surface between the superatemporal
fenestrae and the apparently large infratemporal fenestrae are the

^“Tertiary Vertebrata” 1884, p. 154, PI. XXIII, fig. i,

^Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. XLIV, 1921, p. 117, Pis. XVIII, XIX.

64

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

chief characters, on which I rely for the present identification. The
upper and lower jaws are so closely appressed that no idea can be had
of the characters or position of the teeth in the present condition of the
specimen. The lower jaws are quite slender, there being apparently
no such expanse between the alveolar and inferior borders of the rami
as in Allognathosuchus, or as in Crocodilus americanus.

Fig. I. Top view of skull. Crocodilus (?) acer Cope. C. M., No. 11858,
One-fourth natural size.

Measurements of Skull.

Greatest length, approximately 400 mm.

Length from occipital condyle to end of snout, approximately 350 mm.

Width opposite orbits 155 mm.

Width of snout midway to anterior extremity 86 mm.

Width at narrowest part, behind anterior nares 68 mm.

Class MAMMALIA.

Order CARNIVORA.

Family HY.T:NID^.

Genus HviENODON.

2. Hyaenodon sp. (?)

A portion of a maxillary of the right side, with the two last molars
in place (C. M., No. 11770), and a humerus (C. M., No. 11764), is
referred to the well known genus Hycenodon of the Nebraska and
Dakota Oligocene. The specimens were found in the Duchesne
Oligocene together with the great mass of material representing
Teleodus iiintensis in the Titanothere Quarry eleven miles west of
Vernal. The maxillary represents an animal smaller than Hycenodon

Peterson: New Species from the Uinta Oligocene.

65

cruentus, but larger than Hycenodon crucians. With the exception of
a well-marked swelling on the external face of the sheering blade, mid-
way between the anterior cusp and the posterior limit of the last
tooth, the detailed structure of these teeth most closely suggests those
of Hyccnodon cruentus. On the last tooth there is no indication of an
antero-internal basal tubercle, while on the tooth in front there is a
very slight indication of such a tubercle. The maxilla is broken
off at the posterior alveolus of the larger tooth and in front of the
first molar.

Fig. 2. External and crown views of M^ M 2. Hycenodon sp.?
C. M., No. 11770. Natural size.

Measurements.

M 1 length, measurement taken at base of crown 13 mm.

M 1 width, at anterior face 7 mm.

M 2 length, measurement taken at base of crown 20 mm.

M 2 width, at anterior face 7 mm.

The right humerus, C. M., No. 11764, represents that of a smaller
animal, about the size of Hycenodon mustelinus, though slenderer and
relatively less expanded at the head and distal end. As in Hycenodoit
the articulation for the scapula faces almost as much backward as
proximally. The tuberosities are wide apart, displaying a wide and
shallow bicipital groove. The deltoid crest is not prominent. The
supinator ridge is low and poorly developed and the external epi-

66

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

condyle is likewise poorly developed, while the inner condyle is large
and perforated by the characteristic foramen. The supratrochlear
and anconeal fossae communicate by a large foramen characteristic
of the genus. The distal trochlea is distinctly typical of Hymiodon
and quite perfectly answers the description given by Professor Scott, ^
who states that the trochlea “is divided into three facets, of which
the inner one is both the widest and the highest, while the outer one is
very narrow; the median facet is a broad and strongly convex [ridge].”

Fig. 3. Anterior view of right humerus, HycBnodon sp.?

C. M., No. 11764. Natural size.

Family MIACIDvF:.

3. Pleurocyon sp. ?. an Uintacyon sp. ?.

Included in the small collection found near the base of the Duchesne
Oligocene, three miles north of Leota Ranch, are a number of frag-
ments, C. M., No. 11850, which are provisionally referred to such
genera as Pleurocyon described by Peterson ® or to Uintacyon. The
specimens consist of the head of a humerus, a portion of an ulna,
fragments of shafts of limb-bones and a number of foot-bones. The
first metatarsal of this specimen perhaps compares best with that of
Pleurocyon, while the phalanges are apparently more depressed and
certainly broader than those in Pleurocyon, but otherwise quite similar
in structure.

Suborder P ERISSODA CTY LA.

Family EQUID^.

Subfamily Hyracotheriin^.

4. Epihippus intermedius sp. nov.

Type: Symphysis and right ramus of lower jaws with incisors,
canine, and P2 and M 3 of adult. C. M., No. 11845.

Horizon: Duchesne Oligocene.

^Journal Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. Vol. IX, 1894, P- 5i3-
^Annals of the Carnegie Museum, Vol. XII, 1919, p. 52.

Fetekson: New Species from the Uinta Oligocene. 67

Locality. Uinta Basin, Half-way Hollow, five miles north of United
States Highway 40, and one mile south of Vernal-La Point road,
Uinta County, Utah.

Specific Characters: Antero-internal cusp on P3 single; antero-
internal cusp on P 4, on tooth not worn, very faintly twinned; on very
slight wear twinning disappears. On M 1 and M 2 twinning of antero-
internal tubercle practically the same as on P4; Pi single-rooted. No
diastema between P 1 and P 2- Animal slightly larger than Epihippus
gracilis.

In comparing P2 of the present specimen with fig. 5b, on PI. XVHI,
in Granger’s paper on the ‘'Revision of American Eocene Horses”
(Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Vol. XXIV, 1908) it appears that the
paraconid of Epihippus gracilis ( = uintensis) is less developed and does
not turn inward as in E. intermedins. Furthermore, when the lower
premolars of the type of the new species are compared with those in a
specimen, C. M., No. 3397, referred to Epihippus parvus, it becomes
quite apparent that the anterior cross-crests in the latter species are
higher than the posterior cross-crests, while in E. mtermedius the
anterior cross-crests are no higher than the posterior, exactly the con-
dition found in Mesohippus hairdii. P 2 in the latter species differs from
that in Epihippus intermedins by having the anterior part of the
paraconid turned more inwardly and the posterior part (the cross-
crest portion of the paraconid) better developed. The transverse
diameter of the premolars in Mesohippus hairdii is also relatively
greater than in Epihippus intermedins. These differences together

Fig. 4. Crown and side views of right jaw. Epihippus {Duchesnehippus)
intermedins Peterson. C. M., No. 11845. Natural size.

68

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

with relatively smaller incisors, a larger canine, a longer diastema
between P i add the canine in E. intermedins appear to be the chief
differences between Epihippus intermedins and Mesohippns hairdii.

When the upper dentition of E. intermedins is found in the Duchesne
Oligocene, it is quite safe to predict, that the antero-internal tubercle
on P ^ will be much further advanced in its development of molariform
structure than it is in EpiJiippns parvns, and that, the fifth digit of
the manus in E. intermedins will be found to be considerably more
reduced than it is in the species from the lower levels in the Uinta
Basin. That Epihippns intermedins may represent a distinct genus is
entirely probable. When more satisfactorily determined this new
genus may be called Dnchesnehippns.

Measurements.

Total length of jaw fragment, including incisors 84 mm.

Length of diastema between canine and Pi 13 mm.

Length of cheek-teeth P 1, M 2 49 mm.

Length of P 2 9 mm.

Breadth of P 2 at posterior cross-crest 4.5 mm.

Length of P 3 8.5 mm.

Breadth of P 3 at posterior cross-crest 6 mm.

Length of P 4 9 mm.

Breadth of P 4 at posterior cross-crest 6 mm.

Length of M 1 9 mm.

Breadth of M 1 at posterior cross-crest 6 mm.

Length of M 2 9 mm.

Breadth of M 2 at posterior cross-crest 6 mm.

Depth of ramus of P 2 i5-5 mm.

Depth of ramus at M 2 19 mm.

Superfamily Tapiroidea.

Family HELALETID^.

5. Heteraletes* leotanus, gen. et sp. nov.

Type: Pair of lower jaws in adolescent stage. C. i\L, No. 11849.
Horizon: Duchesne Oligocene, near base of series.

Locality: Uinta Basin. Three miles north of Leota Ranch and one
mile west of Green River, Uinta Co., Utah.

Generic Characters: 1 3, C 1, P?4» M3.

P2 with low tricuspid crown, P 3, sub-molariform ; P4 completely
*eTe/oo? + (uXijrry?

Peterson: New Species from the Uinta Oligocene. 69

molariform; Mi and M2 with cross-crests, anterior and posterior
cingulse as in Dilophodon or Helaletes from the Bridger Eocene.

The incisors are fan-shaped, the first and second of subequal size,
while the lateral incisor is reduced to almost half the size of those in
front. The lower canine is rather low-crowned, but of considerable
antero-posterior diameter at the base of the crown. The latter rises
to a trenchant point. There is a considerable diastema between the
canine and the cheek-dentition, which may possibly be slightly ex-
aggerated due to the mending of the specimen. P 1 may, or may not,
be present. P2 has a comparatively simple crown, consisting of the
para-, proto-, and metaconids, the protoconid the larger of the three.
The crown of P 3 is almost completely molariform; besides the typical
paraconid the crown of this tooth has the two complete cross-crests,
as in the molars, and there is a well-formed cingulum on the posterior
face. P4 has reached the complete molarization with the two cross-
crests and well marked cingulum in front and back. The first and
second molars are cross-crested with cingulse in front and back, as in
Helaletes or Dilophodon from the Bridger Eocene. M 3 is rather deeply
buried in the jaw. Its detailed structure cannot be correctly described.
The mandibular rami are quite heavy, deep, and have a strong smyphy-
sis, the posterior border of which is opposite the junction between
P3 and P4.

Not knowing the detailed structure of M 3 the proposed genus is,
with the exception of the advanced condition of P3 and P4, most
nearly like Dilophodon of the Bridger Eocene, though smaller than
the latter genus.

Fig. 5. Crown and side views of lower teeth. Heteraletes leotamis Peterson.
C. M. No., 11849, Natural size.

70

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Measurements.

Length of jaw, incisors to angle of ascending ramus, approximately 95 mm.

Length of cheek-dentition P2, M2 33 mm.

P 2 length 4.5 mm.

P 2 breadth 5.2 mm.

P 3 length 6.5 mm.

P 3 breadth 4 mm.

M 1 length 6.5 mm.

M 1 breadth 5 mm.

M 2 length 7 mm.

M 2 breadth 5 mm.

Family HYRACODONTID^.

6. Genus Hyracodon ? sp. ?

To the genus Hyracodon is provisionally referred a femur, C. M.,
No. 11846, which was found well up in the Duchesne Oligocene of the

Fig. 6. Anterior view of femur. Hyracodon^ C. M., No. 11846.
One-fourth natural size.

Uinta Basin. The bone, though slightly slenderer, compares best
with the femur of the larger species of that genus found in the Nebraska

Fig. 7. Dorsal view of astragalus. C. M., No. 11855. Natural size.

Peterson: New Species from the Uinta Oligocene. 71

Oligocene. The great trochanter, which is relatively slenderer, pro-
jects higher above the head than in the eastern form. The latter
feature is, however, due mostly to the crushing of the bone. The
rotular trochlea is shorter and the condyles are of relatively greater
extent vertically than in the eastern species, but this feature may also
be due to the distortion of the specimen. An astragulus. No. 11855,
found in the same locality and horizon as the femur just described, is
also provisionally placed with the genus Hyracodon.

Family AM YNODONTIDT:.

7. Mesamynodon medius gen. et sp. nov.

Type: Fragment of ramus of the lower jaw of adult animal with
portion of root of P2, P3, and P4, together with Mi and M2, C. M.,
No. 11762.

Horizon: Duchesne Oligocene, Upper series.

Locality: Uinta Basin. Titanothere Quarry, eleven miles west of
Vernal, Uinta County, Utah.

Generic Characters: P2 vestigial; proto- and deuteroconid, which
form the main cross-crest, relatively low; paraconid and posterior
cross-crest high and more completely developed, when compared with

Fig. 8. Crown and side views of left jaw. Mesamynodon medius Peterson.
C. M., No. 11762. Natural size.

72

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

lower premolars of Amynodon. Molars as in Amynodon, but with
cingulum better developed.

In excavating the alveolar border in front of P 3 of the type, a por-
tion of a shallow alveolus with a small fragment of the root of P2 was
found. Judging from this very shallow alveole and the minuteness of
the root-fragment this tooth is evidently reduced to a mere vestige
in comparison to the already much reduced P2 of Amynodon. In fact
the tooth may even be entirely wanting in some individuals, indicat-
ing a considerable step beyond Amynodon toward such forms as
Aletamynodon of the White River Oligocene. The prominence of the
cingulum on both premolars and molars of the present specimen
strongly suggests Hyracodon of the Nebraska-Dakota Oligocene, but
P3 and P4 are reduced too much in length, to say nothing of the
vestigial P 2, to place the specimen with the Hyracondonts: Pro-
visionally I therefore place Mesamynodon in the subfamily Amyno-
dontince pending the discovery of better diagnostic material.

Measurements.

Length of jaw fragment 66 mm.

Depth of ramus at M 1 31 mm.

Length of P 3 13 mm.

Breadth of P3 opposite posterior cross-crest 95 mm.

Length of P 4 i5 mm.

Breadth of P 4 opposite posterior cross-crest 10.5 mm.

Length of M 1 17 mm.

Breadth of M 1 opposite posterior cross-crest 12 mm.

Length of M 2. • • 20 mm.

Breadth of M 2 opposite posterior cross-crest 12.5 mm.

Suborder ARTIOD A CT Y LA.

Family DICHOBUNIDT:.

Subfamily Homacodontin.^.

8. Pentacemylus* progressus gen. et sp. nov.

Type: Two upper molars of the left side; inner portion of P4; M i
and M2 of right side. C. M., No. 11865.

Horizon: Duchesne Oligocene, ne'ar base.

*7rArtt =five; aKi7 = point; /atA,09 = molar tooth.

Peterson: New Species from the Uinta Oligocene.

73

Locality: Uinta Basin, Utah. Three miles north of Leota Ranch,
one mile west of Green River.

Characters obtained from the type material. Upper molars five-
pointed with protoconule well developed; no evidence of the vestigial
hypocone on M ^ which is present in Bunomeryx.

Cusps of molars distinctly more crescentic than in Llomacodon
Marsh, from the Bridger Eocene, Bunomeryx Wortman, and other
genera from the Uinta (Horizon C) described later by Peterson. ^
Upper molars of more nearly equal size than those in earlier genera.
P4 with well developed deuteroconid and paraconid. Lower molars
with slightly more advanced selenodont and hypsodont condition
than in genera from the Bridger and the Uinta.

With the advanced condition of the cheek-dentition from that of the
Homacodonts found in the lower strata there still persists the antero-
median tubercle, well developed and entirely separated from the
protocone as in Bunomeryx. Furthermore, the para- and mesostyles
and the cingulum are even better developed than in Bunomeryx.
The well developed meso- and parastyles in Pentacemylus closely
suggest Protoreodon, but the latter does not have the heavy cingulum
bounding the tooth anteriorly, internally, and posteriorly, as is the case
in Pentacemylus.

The advanced condition in the lower dentition of Pentacemylus
consists chiefly in the greater development of the para- and deutero-
conids and of the greater height of the tubercles along the buccal side
of the molars, when compared with Plylomeryx, but is more nearly
like those in Bunomeryx of the lower horizons.

The new genus here proposed evidently stands very close to Buno-
meryx of the lower horizons of the Uinta, while Hylomeryx, Spheno-
meryx, and Mesomeryx stand perhaps closer to llomacodon.

Fig. 9. Crown views of upper and lower teeth. Pentacemylus progressus
Peterson. C. M., No. 11865. Twice natural size.

1 “Annals Carnegie Museum, Vol. XII, 1919, pp. 67-76.

74

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Measurements,

M 1 anteroposterior diameter 6.5 mm.

M 1 transverse diameter 7.5 mm.

M 2 anteroposterior diameter approximately 6.5 mm.

M 2 transverse diameter 7.5 mm.

P 4, M 2 anteroposterior diameter 19 mm.

M 1 anteroposterior diameter 6.5 mm.

M 2 anteroposterior diameter 6.5 mm.

M 1 transverse diameter 4 mm.

M 2 transverse diameter 4 mm.

Family AGRIOCHCERID^.

9. Genus Diplobunops (?) sp. ?

An upper molar tooth, C. AI., No. 11853, about the size of that of
Diplobunops leotensis found well up in the Duchesne Oligocene series
in Half-way Hollow, Uinta County, Utah, is provisionally placed in
the genus Diplobunops. My principal reason for
doing this is the presence of the vestigial proto-
conule on the crown of the tooth, the poorly de-
veloped posterior horns of proto- and hypocones,
and the heavy and obliquely backward directed
parastyle, as in the Eocene Oreodonts in general.
That the tooth may pertain to a distinct new genus
is entirely probable, but I prefer to wait until a
more complete specimen is found before adding
another genus from this new horizon.

Near the base of the Duchesne Oligocene, three miles north of
Leota Ranch, Uinta County, Utah, there was found a second speci-
men consisting of a fragmentary skeleton, C. M., No. 11848, which is
provisionally referred to the genus Diplobunops. The fragments of
the upper teeth indicate an animal the size of Diplobunops uintensis.
The humerus, femur, and tibia appear to be proportionally lighter and
the cnemial crest of the tibia not extending so low as in Diplobunops.
The astragalus on the other hand, is low and broad, as in the latter
genus. The distal articulation of Mt, IV is not hemispherical on the
dorsal face, as it is in Diplobunops, but more nearly like that in Mery-
coidodon. The two terminal phalanges present are not high, narrow,
and claw-like, as in Diplobunops, nor as much depressed, though fully
as broad as in Merycoidodon. The lateral borders of the anterior half
of the ungual is expanded near the plantar face, giving the bone a

Fig. 10. Crown
view of upper molar.
? Diplobunops.

C. M., No. 11853.
Natural size.

Peterson: New Species from the Uinta Oligocene.

75

unique appearance. If this specimen pertains to one individual, the
combination of the characters noted would certainly indicate a dis-
tinct species of the genus Diplobunops, if not
a distinct genus, nearly allied to the latter.

The material is, however, in my judgment
unsatisfactory to serve as a type.

Well towards the base of the Duchesne
Oligocene series, three miles north of Leota
Ranch and one mile west of Green River,

Uinta County, Utah, there were found a few
fragments of an Oreodont, No. 11864, very
nearly the size of Merycoidodon culhertsoni.

I provisionally place this specimen with

Protoreodon. The astragalus of the specimen astragalus and cuboid. Pro-
^ , . . . , • , 7 toreodon. ? C. M., No.

from Utah is wider than in rProtoreodon

11864. Natural size.

medius, but not as broad as in Merycoidodon.

Likewise the cuboid is relatively lower than in the latter genus. Al-
together the new material, which is too incomplete to be made a type,
apparently represents an intermediate form between Protoreodon and
Merycoidodon.

Family CAMELIDT:.

10. Poabromylus** kayi gen. et sp. nov.

Type: Left ramus of the lower jaw with the molar series, including
P3 and P4. C. M., No. 11753.

Horizon: Duchesne Oligocene, upper series.

Locality: Uinta Basin. Titanothere Quarry, eleven miles west of
Vernal, Uinta Co., Utah.

Generic Characters: Jaw slender ^ C P 2, P3, and P 4, of semiequal
length, as in Po'ebr other ium wilsoni. P3 and P4 relatively shorter and
thicker; protoconid rounder and higher, and the basal accessories less
distinct than in Poehr other ium. There is a diastema in front of P 2
as in Poehr otheruim wilsoni. The molars are relatively shorter and less
hypsodont than in Poehrotherium. Animal nearly the size of Po'e-
hrotherium wilsoni.

**7roa = grass; ^/)0(0 = I eat; /auA.o? = molar tooth.

1 iThe greater part of the inferior border of the ramus is missing, but enough
is preserved to determine that the animal had a slender jaw, as in Poehrotherium.

76

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

The diastema in front of P2 is of considerable length (8 mm. from
P2 to where the jaw is broken). As already stated P2 is close to P3,
the tooth was implanted by two roots, the alveoli of which are directly
anteroposterior, indicating an anteroposterior diameter approximately
equal to either of the posterior premolars. The protoconid of P3 is
rather high and terminates in a round pointed apex. The internal face
of the main cusp (protoconid) has near its posterior base a cusp-
like rib closely adhering to the main body of the protoconid. To-
gether with the external body of the heel this rib on P3 helps to form
a fossa which is open behind. Forward and inward from the pro-
toconid there extends a sharp blade-like tubercle, which likewise
helps to form a vertical shallow groove on the inner face of that por-
tion of P 3, not unlike that in Poebrotherium. P 4 is very similar to
P 3, except that the posterior heel in P 4 is more pronounced, the plate-
like tubercle on the inner face of the protoconid is slightly better
indicated, and the anterior blade-like tubercle heavier. Altogether the
premolars in Poahromylus are less trenchant than in Poebrotherium.

The molars are narrow when compared with the known selenodonts
of the Upper Eocene, with the possible exception of Leptotragulus.
On the whole the molars, as well as the two premolars just described,
are most nearly like those of Poebrotherium wilsoni of the White
River Oligocene, though less hypsodont. The lingual face of M 2 and
part of that of M 3 are destroyed, but enough remain to determine
that, though the inner face of the molars have the vertical grooves
and ridges more pronounced than in Poebrotherium, they are on the
whole most nearly comparable to those in that genus. A cingulum
between the crescents on the external face of the molars is slightly

Fig. 12. Crown and side views of dentition and left jaw. Poahromylus kayi
Peterson. C. M., No. 11753. Natural size.

Peterson: New Species from the Uinta Oligocene.

77

indicated, especially on the first and second molars. The heel of M 3
is fully as large proportionally as that in Poebrotherium wilsoni, but
the pillar on the inner face at the junction with the postero-internal
crescent in Poebrotherium is in the present form represented only by
a tubercle, as in Leptotragulus of the Uinta.

Measurements.

Total length of the jaw fragment 80 mm.

Depth of jaw at posterior part of symphysis 10 mm.

Depth of jaw opposite M 3, approximately 18 mm.

Length of P 3 8.5 mm.

Greatest breadth P3 3 mm.

Length of P 4 8 mm.

Greatest breadth P 4 4 mm.

Length of the molar series 35 mm.

Length of M 1 9-5 mm.

Greatest breadth of M 1 ^ 6 mm.

Length of M2 n mm.

Greatest breadth of M 2 approximately 7 mm.

Length oP M3 21 mm.

Breadth of M 3 anterior crescents 7 mm.

The proposed genus, just described, differs from ^^Leptotragulus"
profectus Matthew (Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Vol. XIX, 1903, p.
224) by having the posterior internal crests of the premolars less de-
veloped and the anterior crests of the premolars less pronounced.
Judging from Matthew’s illustration (l.c.) of the lower jaw, P 2 in
^'Leptotragulus" profectus is very probably a smaller tooth than that
in Poabromylus kayi. Camelodon arapahovius Granger (Bull. Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist. Vol. XXVHI, 1910, p. 248), differs from Poabromylus
kayi by having a diastema between P2 and P3, heavier heels, and the
protoconid more nearly in the mid-body of the premolars, and by a
more complicated fifth lobe of M 3.

The proposed new genus Poabromylus is distinctly further advanced
than Eotylopus reedi from the Lower Oligocene of Wyoming and ap-
parently cannot therefore be regarded as holding an intermediate
position between Protylopus of the Uinta and Poebrotherium of the
White River Oligocene. The late Dr. Matthew has pointed out that
Eotylopus stands closer to Protylopus of the Uinta Eocene than to

^ ^In the type specimen of Poabromylus kayi this pillar is not well indicated
due to the broken surface, but a second smaller specimen, No. 11856, has the
inner face of the molars well preserved.

78

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Poehrotheriiim of the Eastern Oligocene. From present evidence
Poahromyhis certainly stands closer to Poehrotherium than to Pro-
tylopus.

1 Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Vol. XXVIII, 1910, p. 40.

ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Vol. XXI

Plate I.

I^S

Talus of

Bishop Conqlomerote

{Mesonychid
TH-anohheres
Amynodont
TITANOTHERE QUARRY
Comeloid (Poebromyiusf
Hyaenodont

/ Hyracodqni ? .

Y Epihippus tntermedius
I Orcodont

Prp+itonotheres
AgViochdepjds
Protoreodonts
Turtles etc

QUARRY L ANS THORNE QUARRIES

f Amynodon intemiedius ?
< Protitonottierium emarjino
I Oiplacodon elolus

Telmathenum ultimuin

Prothyrocddpn

Isec4olopus

Cpihippus

Rodents

. Leptoreddonts
Eotitanotherium osborni
Dolichorhininoe
Rhodinorhininde
Eobosileids
Monteocerqtinae
Achoenodonts
Mesonychids
Turtles
Crocodiles
Hyrachyus
Limnocyon
Telmothcres

^Protoreodont

^5ca/c’

COLUMNAR SECTION OF HORIZONS
A.B.C. AND DUCHESNE OLIGOCENE

Revised from plates lo and ii, by Peterson and Kay. Ann. C. M. Vol. XX,

V. A NEW ARCTIC WEASEL FROM SOUTHAMPl^ON
ISLAND, HUDSON BAY.

By George Miksch Sutton and William J. Hamilton, Jr.

In studying the mammals collected by the senior author at South-
ampton Island, Hudson Bay, during 1929-1930, we find that the series
of twenty-one weasels belong to an undescribed race of Mustela
arctica. This form may be described as follows:

Mustela arctica semplei^ subsp. nov.

Type. — Male, adult. No. 6470, Carnegie Museum Collection, taken
at Coral Inlet, South Bay, Southampton Island, October 8, 1929,
by George Miksch Sutton. Original Field-Catalog Number: 3M.

Diagnostic Characters : Considerably smaller than Mustela arctica
arctica. General coloration that of the arctica-gvoup, but in summer
upper lips white as in Mustela cicognani, and a small, but distinct,
post-orbital white spot in most specimens. Skull as in arctica, but
zygomata not so strongly bowed outwardly. Average measurements^
of twelve adult males in the flesh: Total length, 283 (324-267); tail,
78.5 (94-64); hind foot, 39.6 (43-38). Average measurements of seven
adult females in the flesh: Total length, 260 (288-250) ; tail, 70 (74-63) ;
hind foot, 35 (38-33). The average measurements of four adult male

^The name semplei is given in honor of our friend, Mr. John Bonner Semple,
Trustee of the Carnegie Institute, and in recognition of Mr. Semple’s personal
interest in geographical and zoological explorations of the North Country.

^Unfortunately our specimens, with two exceptions, were measured in the
field to the end of the fur on the tail. By measuring this tip or “brush” and sub-
tracting this figure from that for the total length and that for the tail, we have
obtained corrected measurements, which we feel are reasonably trustworthy. It is
significant that these corrected tail-measurements (average for corrected tail measure-
ments of 12 males: 78.5 mm.; of 7 females: 70 mm.) agree surprisingly well with the
tail-measurements of two specimens in which the tail vertebrae only were measured
in the field (male, Carnegie Museum No. 6470, tail: 72 mm.; and female, Carnegie
Museum No. 6472, tail: 69 mm.)

79

80

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Miistela arctica arctica from Point Barrow, x'\laska, listed by Stone^
are as follows: Total length, 376.5; tail, 134; hind foot, 45.7. These
specimens were obviously measured to the tip of the tail hairs, and the
total length and tail measurements are not, therefore, strictly com-
parable to these same measurements given above for semplei. We
find that the “brush” at the end of the tail in fourteen adult semplei
from Southampton Island measures 46 mm. Taking this as an average
length of the “brush,” and subtracting it from the averages of Stone’s
specimens, we obtain the following corrected measurements for the
Point Barrow animals: Total length, 330.5; tail, 88;^ hind foot, 45.7.

Merriam’s^ type of arctica, an adult male from Point Barrow,
Alaska, measured from a dry skin, is said to have the following measure-
ments: “Total length, 380; tail vertebrae, 75: pencil, 55; hind foot,
48 (at least 50 in the flesh).” The total length of this specimen prob-
ably was obtained by measuring to the tip of the tail hairs.

It will be noted from a comparison of these measurements with
those of semplei that the Southampton Island form is appreciably
smaller than that of Alaska.

Coloration of Mustela arctica semplei. Summer pelage: Upper
parts brown (a shade somewhat between Dresden hrown^ and Prout' s
brown) with a somewhat yellowish cast resulting from the color of the
under fur, and lighter in general appearance than in Mustela cicognani.

Upper lips, chin, upper throat, sides of cheeks, toes, and small post-
orbital spot, white; rest of underparts, including practically all of fore
feet, distal half and inner half of hind feet and a distinct line on the
under side of the tail extending almost to the black tip, pale yellowish
white, ranging from pale chalcedony yellow to pale straw yellow and
sulphur yellow, brightest on the sides of the lower neck and in front of

^Stone, Witmer. 1900. Report on the Birds and Mammals collected by the
Mcllhenny Expedition to Point Barrow, Alaska. Proceedings of the Philadelphia
Academy of Natural Sciences, Vol. 52, pp. 44.

■^This “corrected measurement’’ is probably somewhat high, since the 46 mm.
subtracted in obtaining this figure is the average length of the “brush” in a race,
which is admittedly smaller than M. a. arctica. We might have used Merriam’s
figure for this “pencil” (55 mm.) had we been certain that this “pencil” included
only the distance from the end of the last caudal vertebra to the tip of the longest
hairs.

^Merriam, C. Hart. 1896. North American Fauna No. ii, Washington,
D. C., p. 16.

‘’All underlined words descriptive of colors in this paper are from Ridgway’s
Color Standards and Nomenclature.

Sutton & Hamilton: New Weasel of Southampton Island. 81

the fore feet, and palest on the breast and inguinal region; terminal
half of the tail, black.

Winter pelage: White all over, except terminal half of tail, which
is black. The base of the tail, the hind legs, and to a lesser extent the
fore legs are suffused with clear sea foam yellow.

Specimens examined: Twenty-one, all from Southampton Island;
eighteen from Coral Inlet, South Bay, the type locality; one from
Native Point; one from Prairie Point, and one from Ranger or Kash-
igiak River, near Cape Low.

Range: Southampton Island, so far as known.

A more extended discussion of this animal will be included in the
paper upon the mammals of Southampton Island which we are now
preparing.

TABLE OF CRANIAL MEASUREMENTS OF MUSTELA ARCTIC A SEMPLEl
FROM SOUTHAMPTON ISLAND, HUDSON BAY.

Adult Males.

Breadth

Foramen

Carnegie

Inter-

across

Magnum

Museum

Greatest

Basal

Palatal

Zygomatic

orbital

Post-orbi-

to last

Number

Length

Length

Length

Breadth -

Breadth

tal Process

Molar

6470

40.6

37

16.7

24.5

10.7

12.5

25

6478

37.1

34

14

20.7

9.4

12.2

23

6493

42.3

38

17

22.5

11

13.3

26

6499

40.8

37.4

16.1

22.9

10.9

14.1

25.6

6537

42.7

39.3

17

23

10

12.4

26.5

6569

39.6

36

16

22.6

10

12

25.4

6570

39.5

36

15.5

23.2

10.8

13.4

24.9

6588

39.7

36

16.3

23.8

10.2

12.2

24.9

6599

41

37.2

16.4

23.7

11

13.4

25.7

6605

38.7

36

16

22

10

12.5

24

6691..

42

38.5

17

25.6

11

26.1

Average for

1 1 males . . .

40.3

36.8

16.4

23.1

10.4

12.8

25.2

Adult Females.

6472

14.6

20

9.7

11.9

6484

37'.6

34' '

15

20

9.4

12

23.' 8

6547

37

34.6

14.8

21

10

12.2

24

6600

38.4

35

15

21.9

10

12

24.7

6689

36.9

33

14.2

22

9.5

12.8

22

6690

35.9

32.7

14. 1

21.4

9.6

11.7

22 . 7

Average for
6 females. . .

37.6

33.9

14.6

21.1

9.7

12.1

23.4

TABLE OF CRANIAL MEASUREMENTS OF MUSTELA ARCTICA ARCTIC A.

Males.

Point Barrow,

Alaska (Merriam)

44.5

20.5

29.5

12.5

14.5

29

Franklin Bay,

Arctic Coast (Merriam)
St. Michaels,

43.5

19.5

27.5

11

13

28.5

Alaska (Merriam)

43

26.5

12

13.5

28

Alaska (Stone)

44

is' '

Female.

11.8

15

29

St. Michaels.

Alaska (Merriam)

38

16.5

22.5

10

12

24.5

VI. A SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS METROBATES UHLER.

(Hemiptera: Gerridae).

By C. J. Drake and H. M. Harris.

(Plate II)

Water-striders of the genus Metrohates, subfamily Ilalobatince,
family Gerridse, have the body comparatively short and broad and
the inner margins of the eyes convexly rounded. From other haloba-
tinoid genera they may be distinguished by the somewhat flattened
body and the characters of the antennae and legs. The antennae are
almost as long as the entire body, segment I being nearly as long as,
or even a little longer than, the remaining three segments taken
together. Sometimes individuals of the same species show a slight
degree of variation in lengths of both antennae and legs. The first
segment of the anterior tarsus is very short, being only about one-
fourth of the length of the second. In addition the femora of the hind
legs are about twice as long as the tibiae, and also are much longer
than the femora of the middle legs. The front legs are much shorter
and stouter and somewhat hairy. The first tarsal segment is beset
beneath with a row of five to ten long setaceous hairs, which are
progressively shortened from the base to the apex.

The species of Metrobates exhibit a marked degree of both sexual
dimorphism and pterygodimorphism. In the males the antennae are
stout and bear special structures and clothing, whereas they are com-
paratively simple in the females. The more strongly developed
armature of the second and third antennal segments and the row
of very long bristly hairs beneath on the first in all five species, and
also that of the front femora in denticornis (Champ.) and that just in
front of the middle legs in spissus, sp. nov., represent special structures
peculiar to the male sex. Alate individuals are known in four species
and probably occur in the other members of the genus. In Metro-
bates, as in a number of other genera of Ilalobatince, the wings are
frequently mutilated, being broken off near their bases by the in-
sects themselves. This deflating operation takes place in both sexes
and as a result many specimens in collections have artificially shortened

83

84

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

wings with truncate and ragged tips. In the five known species, in-
cluding the two described below as new, the male claspers are very
distinctive and reliable specific characters. As the essential char-
acters of Champion’s Trepohatopsis are the same as those of Metro-
hates the writers are here considering the two groups as synonymous.

In habits the members of the genus are gregarious. They are con-
fined entirely to the surface of inland waters, inhabiting lakes, creeks,
and rivers; and probably being more at home in the quiet waters of the
broad expanses of slow-moving streams and in secluded coves of lakes.
Although not uncommon, they are decidedly local in occurrence, but
do not live in such compact schools as do the Rhagovelice. On the
smaller lakes M. hesperiiis Uhler may sometimes be found in immense
numbers, the surface being densely populated over a considerable area
b\' imagoes and nymphs. For food, they prey largely upon insects,
which chance to fall into the water. Very little is known regarding the
breeding and hibernating habits and life-cycle of the members of the
genus.

This paper is based upon material belonging to the Carnegie Mu-
seum, the U. S. National Museum, and the writers. The writers are
indebted to Mrs. E. L. Travis for the illustrations. As the structure
of the thorax is quite different in the winged and wingless forms of the
same species, and as both forms are very infrequently represented in
a single collection, the characters used in the key to distinguish the
different species apply equally well to either alate or apterous males.
Except for M. hesperiiis and spissits the structural characters of the
females are too comparative for satisfactory keys. The females,
however, may be readily identified by comparing with determined
sjiecimens, and checking with the descriptions.

Genus VIetrobates Uhler, 1871.

Haplotype, M. hesperiiis Uhler.

Meirobales Uhler, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIV, 1871, p. 108; ibid., XIX,
1878, p. 437; Kirkaldy, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXXII, 1906, p. 155; Kirkaldy
and Torre-Biieno, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., X, 1908, p. 210; Torre-Bueno, Trans.
Amer. Ent. Soc., XXXVII, 1911, pp. 246 and 249; Hungerford, Sci. Bull. Univ.
Kan., XXI, No. 17, 1919, p. 113; Van Duzee, Cat. Hemip., 1917, p. 430; Torre-
Bueno, Conn. Geol. & Nat. Hist., Surv., Bull. 34, 1923, p. 662; Blatchle^", Heter.
of E. N. Amer., 1926, p. 986.

Trepohatopsis Champion, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Rhynch., 11, 1898, p. 158.

Drake & Harris: Synopsis of the Genus Metrobates. 85

KEY TO SPECIES
A'IALES

1. Anterior femora armed below near the middle with a stout downwardly pro-

jecting tooth, fig. 3; male clasper as in fig. . M. denticornis (Champ.)
Anterior femora unarmed; male claspers different 2

2. Mesosternum just in front of the middle legs armed with a stout, slightly

recurved, downwardly projecting spine-like tubercle, fig. ih\ male claspers

as in fig. /^d M. spissns, sp. nov.

Alesosternum unarmed; male claspers different 3

,3. Intermediate femora and basal portion of tibiae densely clothed within with
long hairs; second segment of antennae one and one-half times as long as

four, fig. 2a; male claspers as in fig. 4a M. hesperius Uhler

Intermediate legs clothed only with pile; second antennal segment scarcely

longer than fourth, the third distinctly shorter , 4

4. Male clasper long, strongly curved inwardly, somewhat blade-like, pointed,

as in fig. 4c M. triix (Torre-Bueno)

Male clasper short, widest at apex, as in fig. 4c M. cuhanns, sp. nov.

Metrobates hesperius Uhler (PI. II, figs. 2a and /\a)

Metrobates hesperius Uhler, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIV, 1871, p. 109; ibid.,
Uhler, XIX, 1878, p. 438; Uhler, Stand. Nat. Hist., II, 1884, p. 271; Van Duzee,
Can. Ent., XXI, 1889, p. 6; Torre-Bueno, Jour. New York Ent. Soc., XHI,
1905, p. 41; Torre-Bueno, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXXVII, 1911, p. 249;
Torre-Bueno, Can. Ent., XLIII, 1911, p. 228; Parshley, Psyche, XXI, 1914,
p. 144; Osborn and Drake, Ohio Jour. Sci., XV, 1915, p. 504; Hungerford, Sci.
Bull. Univ. Kan., XXI, 1919, pp. 114 and 119; Parshley, Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.,
Vn, No. 14, 1917, p. 108; Parshley, Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc., XV, 1920, pp.
67-70; Parshley, Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc., XXIV, 1929, pp. 157-160; Drake,
Tech. Pub. No. 16, N. Y. State Col. For., 1922, p. 81; Blatchley, Heterop. E.
N. Amer., 1926, p. 980.

Halobatopsis beginni Ashmead, Can. Ent., XXIX, 1897, p. 56.

x-\ntenn3e long, black, the basal portion of first segment yellowish
brown; first segment a little longer and distinctly stouter in male than
in female; second segment one and one-half times as long as the
fourth, entirely black. Rostrum more densely clothed with long hair
than in the other species. Color somewhat variable, especially the
gray or bluish gray markings in the apterous form. Winged form
darker, blackish brown, the anterior lobe of pronotum with an orange
spot, the bluish stripes wanting.

Length (apterous), 3.40-4.50 mm.; width, 1.70-2.35 mm. Winged
form broader and about 5 mm. long. The wingless form is the com-
moner.

References to figures all refer to PI. II, of this volume.

86

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

This is the commonest and most widely distributed member of the
genus. It may be readily recognized by the characters given in the
key. It should also be noted that the antennae are stouter and longer
in hesperiiis, also the first segment in the male is densely clothed
beneath with hairs. In the streams and lakes of Eastern North
America it is to be not infrequently found in association with species
of Trepohates and Rheiimatobates and occasionally^ with Tenagogoniis,
Gerris, and Rhagovelia. Specimens have been examined from Maine,
New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Maryland,
North and South Carolina, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, Indiana,
Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, Missouri, West Virginia, Tennessee, Alissis-
sippi, Louisiana, and Ontario, Canada.

Dr. H. M. Parshley has shown that IL beginii is not a composite
species, but represents only the nymphal stage of M. hesperius.

Metrobates cubanus, sp. nov. (PI. II, Figs. 2c, 4c).

Smaller than the other members of the genus. Apterous form
black, with bluish gray markings, sometimes with the broad median
stripe of mesonotum not reaching to hind margin. Body not so
strongly flattened nor as strongly widened anteriorly as in spissiis,
in this respect about the same as hesperins; the underside bluish and
clothed with short hairs. Antennae (PI. II, fig. 2e) shorter and slenderer
than in hesperins, blackish, the basal portion yellowish brown; seg-
ment I slightly curved at the base, obliquely truncate at the apex,
clothed beneath with one long hair, segment III shortest. Anterior
legs brownish black, clothed with numerous setaceous hairs, the apex
of tibia somewhat enlarged and produced into a prominent tubercle
within. Intermediate legs clothed only with dense pile. Pronotum
in alate form large, tumid, depressed in front, rounded behind, almost
subtruncate at the middle, the humeri prominent. In apterous form
pronotum small, broadly depressed in the middle and there grayish
or yellowish brown; mesonotum large, sinuate behind. Last venter
almost twice as long as the preceding, yellowish brown at apex. First
genital segment of male tumid and blackish above, distinctly de-
pressed on each side and yellowish brown beneath; the clasper short
and very distinctive (fig. 4c). Female larger and broader than male.

Length, 3.41-3.62 mm.; width, 1.61-1.92 mm.

Ilolotype: dealated male and allotype, apterous female and two
paratypes, apterous males, Baracoa, Cuba, Aug. 1901, collected by
Aug. Busck; types in collection of U. S. National Museum.

In general facies this species seems closest to hesperius, but the legs
lack the hairy clothing characteristic of that species. As in other

Drake & Harris; Synopsis of the Genus Metrobates. 87

members of the genus the first antennal probably bears several long
setaceous hairs, but these except one, seem to be broken off in the
specimens at hand.

Metrobates trux (Torre-Bueno) (PI. II, Figs. 2c and 4c).
Trepobatopsis trux (Torre-Bueno), Ent. News, XXXII, 1921, p. 274.

Antennae moderately stout, long, black, the basal portion of the
first segment and sometimes of the second yellowish brown. Male
clasper as in fig. 4c. Bluish color markings slightly variable. Winged
form larger and brownish black.

Length, 4.00-5.00 mm.; width, 2.20-2.70 mm.

Originally described from specimens collected on Yampa River,
Northwestern Colorado. The writers have a very long series of
specimens from Corvallis, Oregon, and Parma, Idaho, also several
winged and apterous examples from New Braunfels, Texas, June 22,
1917, collected by Dr. H. H. Knight. The latter differ from the
Oregon and Idaho specimens in having the basal portion of the second
antennal segment yellowish brown. ^ The types in the collections of
the University of Kansas and Mr. J. R. de la Torre-Bueno have been
studied. The male of this species is easily recognized through the
absence of the special armature or clothing peculiar to the male of each
of the other species, except cuhaniis. From the latter it differs especi-
ally in the slightly swollen front femora and shape of the clasper.

Metrobates denticornis (Champion) (PI. II, Figs. 3, 2&, 4&).

Trepobatopsis denticornis Champion, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Rhynch., II, 1898, p.

158, PI. IX, fig, 26, 26a; Drake and Harris, Ohio Jour. Sci., XXVIII, 1928,

P- 273.

Antennae moderately slender, black, the base of first and the
proximal two-thirds of the third yellowish brown; segments II and IV
subequal. Anterior femora of male armed on the lower edge a little
before the middle with a very stout projecting tooth. Male claspers as
in PI. II, fig. 4&. Winged form darker and broader than apterous.
Female larger and broader than male. Bluish marking somewhat
variable in apterous form.

Length (apterous), 3.50-4.00 mm.; width, 2.00-2.20 mm. Winged
form about 5 mm. long. This species was described from Mexico.
Specimens are at hand from Texas, New Mexico, Mexico, and Guate-
mala.

88

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Metrobates spissus, sp. nov. (PI. II, Figs, la and h, 2d, 4c?).

Size, color, and marking very similar to other members of the genus;
ground-color black, with bluish gray markings and stripes, the head
and pronotum usually with orange spots. Antennae (fig. 2d) long,
moderately stout; segment I black, the basal portion yellowish brown,
beset beneath with a row of extremely long setaceous hairs, stouter
and longer in male than in female; II with basal third brownish.
Anterior legs shorter and stouter in male than female, black, the coxae,
trochanters, and basal portion of femora yellowish brown. Middle
and hind legs entirely black. Mesosternum in male armed a little
in front of coxal cavities with a stout, moderately long, pointed,
slightly recurved, downwardly projecting, spine-like tubercle (fig. ih).

Body broad, robust, strongly flattened, black, the bluish gray
markings variable as in other members of the genus. Head black,
tumid, with two oblique brownish spots near the base. Eyes large,
black, extending beyond the sides of the pronotum. Pronotum
strongly depressed on the disc, the slate-gray stripe frequently re-
placed by a large orange spot. Alesonotum very large, with a deep,
line-like median groove, very deeply excavated in front, and strongly
sinuate behind, its sides almost parallel and in front nearly touching
the eyes. Coxal plates and metanotum marked with slate-gray.
Venter slate-gray, the apex of last segment being yellowish brown.
Female broader and more robust than male; last venter about as long
as the two preceding, broadly and roundly emarginate; first genital
segment beneath very strongly depressed, the clasper very distinct,
fig. /[d.

Length, 3.60-4.00 mm. ; width, 2.00-2.20 mm. Punta Gorda, British
Honduras, 41 specimens. Holotype (male) and allotype (female)
in collection of authors. The characters used in the key separate this
species at once from any known form. It is the only species having
the sternum armed in the male (PI. II, fig. ih.). The antero-lateral
sides of the mesonotum are more strongly produced, the body dis-
tinctly more flattened, and the sides of the mesothorax (PI. II, fig.
in) are more nearly parallel than in any other species of the genus.

Telmatometra whitei Bergroth and Potomohates liorvatlii Esaki, both
in the apterous form, were taken in asssociation with this very dis-
tinct and easily recognizable species.

ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Vol. XXL

Plate II.

Fig. I. a. Metrohales spissiis, sp. nov., dorsal aspect of male; b. Side view of
mesosternum showing acetabular spine.

Fig. 2. Antennae of males; a. Adetrobates hesperius Uliler; h. Ad. denticornis
(Champion); c. Ad. Iriix (Torre-Biieno) ; d. Ad. spissus, sp. nov.; e. Ad.
ciihaniis, sp. nov.

Fig. 3. Front leg of Adetrobates denticornis (Champion).

Fig. 4. Right claspers of males: a. Adetrobates hesperius Uhler; b. Ad. denticornis
(Champion); c. Ad. trux (Torre-Bueno) ; d. Ad. spissus, sp. nov.; e. A'd.
cubaniis, sp. nov.

VII. A NEW SPECIES OE DELOCRIXUS.

By J. J. Burke,

(Plate III)

Some years ago, while making a collection of Pennsylvanian in-
vertebrates from the Conemaugh formation in West Virginia, I found
some dorsal cups of an interesting little crinoid, apparently repre-
senting an undescribed species. Since that time, collections from
the same horizon in Pennsylvania have yielded some additional
material, and the following description applies to the specimens at
hand.

I am indebted to Mr. Sydney Prentice for the drawings from which
the illustrations which accompany the description were taken.

CRINOIDEA.

POTERIOCRINIDyE.

Genus Delocrinus Miller and Gurley.

Delocriniis allegheniensis Burke, sp. nov.

(Plate III, Figs. i-5b.)

Type: A well preserved dorsal cup, C. M. No. ,4947. Cat. Eoss.
Invert.

Paratypes: Three dorsal cups, C. M. Cat. Foss. Invert. Nos. 4945,
4946, 4948, and a dorsal cup with four primaxils, the special anal plate
missing and the two radial plates on the right side rather badly
weathered, C. AI, Cat. Foss. Invert. No. 4949.

Horizon: Ames limestone, Conemaugh formation, Pennsylvanian.

Localities: The type, C. M. No. 4947, and paratypes C. M. Nos.
4945 and 4946 from Painter Hollow, near Wellsburg, West Virginia.

Paratype C. AI. No. 4948 from Schenley Park, Pittsburgh, Penn-
sylvania.

Paratype C. AI. No. 4949 from Brilliant Cut-off, Pittsburgh, Penn-
sylvania.

Dorsal cup small, basin-shaped, base sharply impressed upward
within the body cavity. Diameter about three times the height,
greatest diameter about two-thirds the height from the base. Plates

89

90

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

smooth, tumid, rather massive, impressed at the corners. Sutures
depressed.

Infrabasals apparently small and concealed by the proximal facet
for the insertion of the column.

Basals five, equal in size and pentagonal, except for the posterior,
which is larger than the others, elongated, hexagonal, and truncated
for the reception of the special anal. These plates are a little longer
than wide, and sharply incurved below to form the impressed base.
In this incurved area each plate has a slight mesial concavity. Beyond
this region they are gently convex until the lower extremities of the
radials are reached, superior to which place the basals become tumid,
bulging outward strongly, their apical sides forming spherical tri-
angles.

Radials five, pentagonal, about one-third wider than high, except
for the two flanking the special anal, which lack the width of the other
three. At their inception, the radials are less convex than the adjacent
portions of the basals, but become quite tumid a little above the mid-
point of their height. The upper outer surface of each plate is beveled
and concave. Superiorly, the radials are truncated and bear facets for
articulation with the primaxils.

The special anal is hexagonal, one-half or less than one-half its total
length projecting above the radials. It is a little higher than wide,
strongly incurved superiorly, truncates the posterior basal and is
inserted between the right and left posterior radials.

Primaxils five, pentagonal, about two-thirds wider than high, their
lower surfaces faceted for articulation with the radials and their upper
surfaces faceted for articulation with the sectmdibrachs. They are
produced outward to form a rather slender spinous process.

The sutures between the plates of the dorsal cup of D. allegheniensis
are reminiscent of those found in D. texaniis Weller, which have been
described as “slightly impressed, especially the lateral sutures of the
basal plates and at the distal extremities of the same plates.”^ In
D. allegheniensis, however, the sutures appear to be more deeply
impressed than in the latter species, while the corners of the plates
show small indentations, considerably deeper than the impressions
between the sides of the plates. In the spherical-triangular outline
of the apical sides of its basal plates D. allegheniensis also resembles

^Weller, Stuart, “Description of a Permian Crinoid Fauna from Texas.” Jour,
of Geol., Vol. 17, (1909), p. 627.

Burke, J. J.: A New Species of Delocrinus. 91

D. texaniis. On the other hand, the species under discussion is of
smaller size than D. texanus, does not have the broad basal excavation
characteristic of the latter species, has more convex basal and radial
plates, is constricted at the summit of the radial plates and has a
special anal plate relatively larger than that which occurs in D.
texanus. In addition to the characters enumerated above, the lack
of ornamentation on the dorsal cup, together with the presence of
spinous primaxils, should serve to distinguish D. allegheniensis from
other members of the genus.

Measurements.

Type

Paratype

Paratype

Paratype

Paratype

No.

No.

No.

No.

No.

4947

4948

4946

4945

4949

Entire height of dor-

sal cup

4.9 mm.

3.7 mm.

5 mm.

4.5 mm.

4.8 mm.

Greatest diameter of

dorsal cup

12.4 mm.

1 1.8 mm.

12.8 mm.

II. 6 mm.

14 mm.

Diameter of dorsal

cup at summit of

radials

10.8 mm.

10 mm.

12 mm.

10.8 mm.

12 mm. (app.)

92

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE III.

All figures X2.

DELOCRINUS ALLEGHENIENSIS Burke, sp. nov.

Figs, i, la, ib. Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of a paratype, a worn dorsal
cup C. M. No. 4945. Ames limestone, Conemaugh formation. Painter
Hollow, near Wellsburg, West Virginia.

Figs. 2, 2a, 2b. Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of the type, a well-preserved
dorsal cup C. M, No. 4947. Ames limestone, Conemaugh formation, Painter
Hollow, near Wellsburg, West Virginia.

Figs. 3, 3a. Dorsal and lateral views of a dorsal cup with two primaxils nearly in
place. Two other primaxils are contained in the matrix on the ventral side.
The special anal plate is missing and the right posterior radial, together
with the right anterior radial is badly worn. Parat^-pe C. M. No. 4949.
Ames limestone, Conemaugh formation. Brilliant Cut-off, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania.

Figs. 4, 4a, 4b. Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of a paratype, a slightly worn
dorsal cup C. M. No. 4946. Ames limestone, Conemaugh formation,
Painter Hollow, near Wellsburg, West Virginia.

PTgs. 5, 5a, 5b. Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of a paratype, a dorsal cup,
the ventral side showing wear. C. M. No. 4948. Ames limestone, Cone-
maugh formation, Schenley Park, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Plate III.

ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Vol. XXI.

Delocrinus allegheniensis Burke.

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Editorial Notes .. .. .. .. .. .. 57-60

IV. New Species from the Oligocene of the Uinta. By O. A.

Peterson. PL I „ .. .. .. .. 61-78

V. A New Arctic Weasel from Southampton Island, Hud-
son Bay. By Geor6e Miksch Sutton and William
J. PIamilton, Jr. .. .. .. 79“8i

VI. Synopsis of the Genus Metrobates Uhler (Hemiptera:
Gerridae). By G. J. Drake and H. M. Harris. PI.

II. .. .. .. .. _ .. .. .. .. .. , ' .. 83-88

VII. A New Species of Delocrinus. By J. J. Burke. PL III. 91-94

Serial No. 157

CARNEGIE MUSEUM

VoL. XXI, No. 3.

September, 1932

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For sale by Messrs. Wheldon & Wesley, Ltd., 2-4, Arthur St., New
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Sohn, II Carlstrasse, Berlin, N. W. 6, Germany: Maruzen Company,
Ltd.^, 11-16, Nihonbashi, Tori-Sanchome, Tokyo, Japan: and at the
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ANNALS

OF THE

CARNEGIE MUSEUM

VOLUME XXI, NO. 3

Editorial Notes.

Mr. Howard Heinz has kindly loaned to the Museum a volume con-
taining autographs and portraits of the five women who have reigned
as queens in England: Mary I (1553-1558) daughter of Henry VIH by
Catherine of Aragon, born 1516; Elizabeth (1558-1603) daughter of
Henry VIII by Anne Boleyn, born 1533; Mary II (1689-1694) daughter
of James II, born 1662 ; Anne (1702- 17 14) second daughter of James II,
born 1665; Victoria (1837-1901) daughter of Edward, Duke of Kent,
the fourth son of George III, born 1819.

The volume contains a large miniature of Queen Victoria seated
in state, which is inserted on the inside of the cover in a gold frame,
adorned by opals and mother-of-pearl. The volume also contains five
miniatures on ivory of the Queens mounted in smaller settings. The
book is artistically and sumptuously bound in French Morocco.
Displayed in one of the cases in the H. J. Heinz gallery, it has attracted
the attention and admiration of multitudes.

Two groups which have been recently finished and placed on ex-
hibition in the Carnegie Museum have excited much admiration.
One of these is what is known as the “Alligator Group,” located in the
Gallery of Reptiles. The material for this group was collected by
Mr. Harold J. Clement and Mr. Charles T. Agostini of the staff of the
Museum, who went to Florida to obtain the specimens and the
accessories which are united in the group, which was fabricated by
Mr. Clement and Mr. Ottmar F. von Fuehrer, the latter having
painted the background. The locality selected is at the southern
extremity of the Everglades.

93

94

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

The collectors of the material were granted laboratory facilities by
the University of Miami, to whom grateful acknowledgment should
be m.ade, as well as to Mr. Albert Pflueger, who kindly assisted them.

The other group, made by Mr. and Mrs. von Fuehrer, representing
a scene in subtropical Florida shows the luxuriant tropical vegetation
of that part of the world. It has just been opened to exhibition in the
northeastern corner of the Gallery of Plants. It is one of four groups.
The first illustrates the spring flora of Pennsylvania. It was executed
some years ago and is most admirable. The second group shows the
desert regions of Arizona and conveys in incomparable beauty of
execution an idea of the vegetation of these arid lands. The fourth
group, which is rapidly being brought forward, displays the alpine
vegetation of the mountains of the northwestern parts of the United
States, the scene being located above Paradise Valley on Mt. Rainier,
the glaciers of which form the background.

Mrs. Josiah Cohen, whose husband was one of the first members
of the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute appointed by Mr.
Carnegie, and who served as a member of the Committee on the Mu-
seum from its organization in 1898 to 1900 inclusive, has graciously
presented to the Museum an exceedingly handsome piece of Brussels
lace bequeathed to her by her sister-in-law Mrs. Aaron Naumberg of
New York City. It is a masterpiece, exquisitely illustrating the
delicacy of this form of needle-work, and will be treasured not only
for its inherent beauty, but as a memorial of the lovely woman who
has so generously presented it to us. The writer of these lines recalls
the days long ago, when the kind donor of this gift used to seat herself
in Mr. Carnegie’s cottage at Cresson, and charm him and his friends
by her superb renditions upon the pianoforte. When meeting her
today, with her youthful face and sprightly bearing, it is impossible to
realize the flight of time, during which she and the Editor of the
Annals have claimed friendship. She and her father, of blessed
memory, were among the founders of the Art Society of Pittsburgh,
of which the writer, half a century ago was for a time the Secretary.

The Curator of Ornithology, Mr. W. E. Clyde Todd, is devoting the
months of June and July to natural history investigations, more
particularly of an ornithological character, in Saskatchewan. He is
accompanied by Dr. George M. Sutton and Mr. A. C. Lloyd.

Editorial Notes.

95

The publication of Dr. G. M. Sutton’s account of his work on South-
ampton Island, Hudson Bay, is nearing completion, and will constitute
Vol. XII, of the Memoirs of this Museum. The Introductory Part,
which deals with the discovery of the Island, its physical features, its
human inhabitants, and an extensive bibliography at the end, with
five plates, was issued from the press on March 31, 1932.

The Part dealing with the birds of the Island, including pp. 1-267,
and Plates XI to XXIV was published on May 31, 1932. The Part
covering the Mammals of the Island, illustrated with five plates
(VI-X) is going through the press and will appear about the end of
June. The Parts dealing with the Fishes, the Invertebrates, and the
Plants will quickly follow.

The Carnegie Museum is deeply indebted to Mr. John B. Semple,
whose generosity made it possible for Mr. Sutton to spend a year upon
Southampton Islahd. Of course Mr. Sutton, who is an ornithologist,
devoted more time to the birds than to other things, but his collec-
tion of mammals was large, and his observations upon them were
extensive and minutely accurate.

At the time when the first building erected to house the Carnegie
Library of Pittsburgh was dedicated, including at that time the some-
what limited space intended to contain the collections of the Museum
and the Department of Fine Arts, the placing of displays in the
Museum was temporarily undertaken by the Academy of Science and
Art of Pittsburgh. Among those members of the Academy who
generously loaned material from their private collections was the late
Mr. S. H. Stupakoff. Mr. Stupakoff was an enthusiastic amateur
conchologist. He was an engineer in the employment of the West-
inghouse Electric Company. He devoted his leisure hours to his
favorite study, and made a very large collection of shells. Recently
his son, Mr. S. H. Stupakoff, Jr., with great generosity has turned over
this collection in its entirety to the Carnegie Museum. It includes
approximately thirty-two hundred sets of gastropods and pelecypods.
This gift almost doubles in size the collection of marine shells in the
Museum. The beautiful set of Cones and Cowries are a welcome and
valuable addition. The large series of land-shells of Europe, Asia,
and America add many species hitherto not represented in the Mu-
seum. We are deeply grateful for the generous action of Dr. Stupa-
koff’s son in making this gift.

96

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

The Section of Recent Invertebrates received a collection of some
500,000 shells as a gift to the Museum from Mrs. Christina Wright,
of Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana. It contains chiefly
representatives of the fauna of the Tippecanoe and Wabash river-
systems. The whole consignment, contained in twenty-four cases,
was shipped from Indiana to the Museum. It is a valuable accession.

Mrs. Thomas R. Hartley presented to the Museum a collection of
Indian antiquities and oriental objects assembled by her late hus-
band. The total number of items is approximately three hundred
and forty. The Indian basketry is of particular interest, and has been
already placed on display in our galleries. One of the objects contained
in this collection, a Japanese carving in wood of a dragon, was repre-
sented on page 6 of the April number of The Carnegie Magazine.

Dr. A. I. Good has sent us an interesting collection of mammals,
insects, shells, etc., from Spanish West Africa. There are sixty skins
and fifty-three skulls of mammalia forming a desirable addition to our
African material.

Dr. O. E. Jennings, Mr. Remi H. Santens, Dr. Stanley T. Brooks,
and Dr. A. Avinoff, the Director, were present at the Annual Meet-
ing of the American Association of Museums, held in Cambridge,
Mass., May 12 to 14. In the absence of the Chairman of the Tech-
nical Section, Mr. Santens, in his capacity of Vice-chairman, took his
place. Dr. Jennings and Dr. Brooks performed their respective duties
as Chairman and Secretary of the Scientific Section, to which offices
they had been elected during the previous meeting in Pittsburgh. The
next meeting will be held in Chicago.

VIII. JURASSIC INSECTS FROM SOLENHOFEN IN THE
CARNEGIE MUSEUM AND THE MUSEUM OF
COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.

By F. M. Carpenter.

Museum of Comparative Zoology

The lithographic limestone at Solenhofen, Bavaria, and vicinity,
has long been famous as a source of Jurassic fossils. Although the
reputation of the formation has depended largely upon the discovery
of certain remarkable vertebrates, such as Archceopteryx and Rham-
phorhynchus, invertebrates are far commoner. Most of these are
marine types, the limestone being marine in its origin; but numerous
insects, which undoubtedly fell into the water, have also been pre-
served. More publications have been devoted to these insects than
to any other fossil insect-fauna of equivalent size, chiefly because the
commercial working of the limestone has produced an almost con-
tinuous output of specimens.

In view of the extensive bibliography of the fossil insects of Solen-
hofen, one might conclude that all positive information about them
has already been published. This would probably be true, were it
not for the fact that, exclusive of Handlirsch’s extensive compilation
on fossil insects (1906-08), and a few papers of a general nature, or
brief notes, all the literature was published prior to 1900, before the
geological history of the insects as a whole was well enough known
to enable a proper appreciation of the species contained in any one
stratum. Handlirsch, of course, straightened out most of the taxo-
nomic difficulties encountered by the older investigators, and was able
to make the necessary comparisons with other extinct faunas; but
he was not able to examine specimens of all the species from Solen-
hofen, and, with a few exceptions, took his figures without modifica-
tion from the earlier writings.

Several years ago, while engaged in a rearrangement of the fossil
insects in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, I was impressed by
the large number of specimens from Solenhofen in that collection.
Studies on other fossil insects already in progress prevented my im-
mediate examination of these, but last year my attention was called

97

98

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

to another large collection in the Carnegie Museum. This material,
although secured many years ago from Baron de Bayet,* the Private
Secretary of King Leopold II of Belgium, when he sold his vast col-
lection to Mr. Andrew Carnegie, had not been critically studied until
1930, when Mr. Stephen Herrick, a graduate student in the University
of Pittsburgh, undertook its arrangement and description. Mr.
Herrick, however, did not proceed far, and did not prepare any ac-
count for publication. Accordingly the entire collection was sent to
me for detailed description. This is particularly desirable, not only
because the Bayet Collection contains new material, but because the
percentage of excellent specimens in it is unusually high. The present
paper is essentially an annotated list of the specimens in the collec-
tion of the Carnegie Museum. I have, however, considered it oppor-
tune to mention and occasionally describe some of the important
fossils in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. About half of the
Harvard collection was secured from Krantz as far back as i860, and
was studied by Hagen; but many of the specimens have not been
properly described.^ The other half of the collection was purchased
from Haberlein about 1883; it has not been studied, or at least pub-
lished upon, except very briefly.^ For the benefit of those who desire
further discussion of the fossils of Solenhofen, I have included under
each species the reference to the original description and to the im-
portant subsequent redescriptions; a more complete series of refer-
ences will be found in Handlirsch (1906-08). In the bibliography I
have listed the most useful papers on the fauna. The synonymy of
these fossils is very confusing and uncertain. In the main I have fol-
lowed Handlirsch, but I believe that he recognizes many more species
than are actually valid. This is chiefly due to the inadequacy of the
figures and descriptions published during the Eighteenth and early

*The Editor, who acted as the agent of Mr. Andrew Carnegie in the purchase
of the Collection of Baron de Bayet, and spent many weeks in Brussels in 1908
packing it for shipment to Pittsburgh, recalls that the Baron informed him that the
specimens from Solenhofen had been acquired at the quarries from the superin-
tendents to whom the Baron had made an offer to recompense them for all fossils
found by them in good condition as they proceeded with their work. This offer
continued for a couple of years and it was thus that Baron de Bayet succeeded in
amassing among other things the fine collection of insects from Solenhofen. W. J. H.

^One of these I have already described in Psyche, Vol. XXXVI; No. 3, pp.
190-194, 1929.

^See Tillyard, 1921, 1927; Needham, 1903, 1907.

Carpenter, F. M.: Jurassic Insects from Solenhofen 99

Nineteenth Centuries. The authors of these accounts often made a
new species for every specimen preserved in a different position.

It is surprising, that, although the shales of Solenhofen were used for
building purposes in the time of the Roman Empire, no recognizable
accounts of fossils were published, so far as I am aware, until 1705,
when Rumphius described a fish from the formation. Knorr (1755)
was the first to mention the presence of insects; in 1782 Schmidel
figured a dragon-fly from the limestone; two years later Schroter
published a description of a supposed Sphingid, which is now known
to be a Siricoid wasp. During the first third of the Nineteenth Cen-
tury a few isolated accounts were published, mostly on Dragonflies
(Koehler, Parkinson, Van der Linden) ; but after the discovery of
lithography in 1834,^ large collections of the fossils were secured,
which were first studied by Germar (1837, 1839, 1842), later by
Hagen (1862, 1866, et seq.), and Weyenbergh (1869, 1873, et seq.).
Deichmiiller (1886) published a very complete account of the litho-
graphic insects in the Dresden Museum; and Handlirsch made a com-
prehensive compilation and classification of the species (1906).

In the Carnegie Museum there are one hundred and forty-six speci-
mens sufficiently well preserved at least to permit generic classifica-
tion. In the Museum of Comparative Zoology there are two hundred
and eighty-six such specimens. In the accompanying table I have
listed the percentages of specimens falling into each order. The
figures in the first column are based upon the four hundred and thirty-
two specimens, which I have examined in these two collections;
those in the second column are the percentages which Deichmiiller
found in his collection of two hundred and seventy-two specimens;
and in the last column are the averages of these, based upon the
seven hundred and four specimens in all three collections. This last
computation probably represents a fairly accurate picture of the rela-
tive abundance of the several orders. From this it is apparent that the
Odonata are far in the lead, followed by the Hymenoptera, Coleoptera,
Blattaria, Hemiptera, Orthoptera, Phasmodea, Plectoptera, Neuroptera,
and finally the Trichoptera. These figures do not, however, represent
the composition of the insect-fauna, which existed in the region of
Solenhofen during the Upper Jurassic; for the limestone is of such
a nature that only the larger insects were capable of being preserved,

®See Crook, A. R., “The Lithographic Stone Quarries of Bavaria, Germany,”
Stone, Oct., 1894.

100 Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

the smaller ones having been decomposed, or devoured by fishes
before fossilization took place.

Table I. Approximate percentages of specimens from Solenhofen
in each order of insects.

Carpenter Deichmiiller Average

(432 specimens) (272 specimens) (704 specimens)

Plectoptera

4.

pr.

ct.

3 pr.

ct.

2

\ pr.

ct.

Odonata

• • 33 •

pr.

ct.

34-

pr.

ct.

34

pr.

ct.

Blattaria

6.

pr.

ct.

II .

pr.

ct.

9

pr.

ct.

Orthoptera

9.

pr

.ct.

5-

pr.

ct.

7

^Pr.

ct.

Phasmodea

8.

pr.

ct.

5.

pr.

ct.

7

pr.

ct.

Hemiptera

10.

pr.

ct.

6 .

pr.

ct.

8

pr.

ct.

Neuroptera

2 .

pr.

ct.

I .

pr.

ct.

I

5 pr.

ct.

Trichoptera

2 pr.

ct.

. pr.

ct.

I pr.

ct.

Coleoptera

... 13.

pr.

ct.

12 .

pr.

ct.

13

pr.

ct.

Hymenoptera

12 .

pr.

ct.

24.

pr.

ct.

18

pr.

ct.

Order PLECTOPTERA.

The May-flies of Solenhofen, although few in number, are particularly
interesting, since they are the first representatives of members of the
order in rocks above the Permian. Aside from a few fragments from
the Lower Cretaceous of Mongolia (Cockerell, 1924, 1927) they are
the only Ephemerids known in the whole Mesozoic. However, be-
cause of the delicacy of the wings and their tendency to fold together
in such a way that the venation is badly confused, good specimens of
these fossils are extremely rare. Thirteen species of May-flies from
Solenhofen have been described, but many of these are undoubtedly
synonymous. Handlirsch has separated most of these species into
two genera, Mesephemera and Paedephemera, the former including
species with nearly homonomous wings, and the latter species
with the hind wings more reduced in size," about two-thirds the
length of the fore wings. Although the general shape of the wings
is known in Mesephemera, the details of the venation have not been
determined. But in Paedephemera the venation is known in two
species, multinervosa Oppenheim, and schwertschlageri Handlirsch.
The latter, which was based upon a fine specimen, is in all probability
synonymous with one of the other species of the genus, but in view of
the obscurity of these other species, I believe we should retain a sepa-
rate name for Handlirsch’s specimen. The single remaining genus.

Carpenter, F. M.: Jurassic Insects from Solenhofen. 101

Hexagenites Scudder is probably synonymous with Mesephemera, but
because the hind wing is unknown and for another reason given be-
low, I believe Scudder’s genus should be regarded as valid.

Inasmuch as the existing Ephemerids have now been divided into
recent families, I propose the name Mesephemeridm for these forms
from Solenhofen. At present, because of our lack of knowledge of
their tarsal and other body-structures, I do not believe we can assign
them to existing families or even superfamilies.

Family MESEPHEMERID^.

Genus Mesephemera Elandlirsch.

I. Mesephemera procera (Hagen).

Ephemera procera Hagen, 1862, Palaeontogr., X, 116; pi. 15, f. 2.

Mesephemera procera Handlirsch, 1906, Foss. Ins.: 600.

I consider speciosa Oppenheim (1888) and weyenberghi Handlirsch
(1906) as synonyms of this species. Lithophila Germar (1842) is
probably the same insect also, although it was considered by its
author to be a Lepidopteron ; but Germar’s figure and descriptions
do not serve as sufficient identification of the species. In the Bayet
Collection in the Carnegie Museum there are five specimens of M.
procera] Nos. 3835, 3836-3837,* 3838-3839, 5083-5084, 5085-5086.
In the Museum of Comparative Zoology there are four specimens, of
which one (No. 6280a, b) is marked “type” by Krantz. In none of
these is the venation distinct, and I can add nothing to Hagen’s
description.

2. Mesephemera celluiosa (Hagen).

Ephemera celluiosa Hagen, 1862, Palaeontogr., X, 115; pi. 15, f. 3.

Mesephemera celluiosa Handlirsch, 1906, Foss. Ins.: 601.

In the Bayet Collection (Cam. Mus.) there are two specimens:
Nos. 3840 and 5087. In the Museum of Comparative Zoology there
are four specimens, one (No. 6281a, b) being the type figured by Hagen.

*In this paper all the figures connected with a dash indicate the reverse of
the first numbered specimens.

102

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Genus Paedephemera Handlirsch.

3. Paedephemera mortua (Hagen).

Ephemera mortua Hagen, 1862, Palaeontogr., X, 117; pi. 15, f. 5.

Paedephemera mortua Handlirsch, 1906, Foss. Ins.: 602.

I consider Handlirsch’s oppenheimi a synonym of this species.
There are no representatives in the Bayet Collection of the Carnegie
Museum, but in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, there is the type
figured by Hagen (No. 6283).

Genus Hexagenites Scudder.

4. Hexagenites weyenberghi Scudder. (Fig. i)

Ephemerida, Eaton, 1871, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 158; pi. i, f. 10.

Hexagenites weyenberghi Scudder, 1880, Anniv. Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 6.

Length of fore wing, 15 mm.

Scudder’s description of this tossil was based entirely upon Eaton’s
published figure of a specimen in the British Museum. In the Mu-
seum of Comparative Zoology I find a very fine specimen of a May-fly,
to which is attached the following note, in Hagen’s characteristic
writing: ''Ephemera celliilosa Hagen, front wings and outline of body
and setae.” On the reverse side of this label, written in a hand un-
familiar to me, is the following: “The counterpart was described by
Scudder as Palin. Weyenberghi.'' Although this note is incorrect
in its reference to the genus in which Scudder placed the species,
there can be no doubt that this fossil (No. 6277) in the Museum of
Comparative Zoology is the reverse of the specimen examined by
Eaton in the British Museum. A comparison of the venation of our

Fig. I. Hexagenites weyenberghi Scndder, lore: wing. Type (No. 6277), Mus.
Comp. Zool. Magnified.

* Carpenter, F. M.: Jurassic Insects from Solenhofen. 103

fossil and the figure given by Eaton shows that not only do all the
cross-veins and cells correspond, but also the various breaks and im-
perfections in the wing occur in the same places, although our half of
the fossil has been chipped out of the matrix, so that the whole wing
is exposed. The specimen before me is therefore the counterpart of
the type of Scudder’s weyenberghi. Hagen’s determination of this
species as cellulosa perhaps indicates that weyenberghi is synonymous
with cellulosa; but in view of the fact that cellulosa is a very obscure
species, and is closely involved with the synonymy of the several
species of Mesephemera, I believe that weyenberghi should be regarded
as a separate species of a distinct genus. Figure i, showing the fore
wing of this May-fly, is based on the specimen in the Museum of Com-
parative Zoology. The entire wing is preserved with remarkable
clearness. This is the only known complete wing of a Mesozoic May-
fly. The figure shows more clearly than can be depicted in words the
characteristics of the wing, but I wish to call attention to the similarity
of this wing to that of recent May-flies, even to the formation of the
third auxiliary vein at the base of the wing (3 Ax). The triad forking
of CuA and the peculiar branching of I CuA are very distinctive
features. As Scudder pointed out, the nearest approach to this CuA
is found in the recent genus Hexagenia.

Order ODONATA.

As previously noted, the Odonata are the commonest insects in the
shales of Solenhofen and they are usually well preserved. This fact,
together with the importance of venational features in classifying the
members of the order, has made the species of Solenhofen particularly
valuable in studies of the evolution of the order. Unlike the May-
flies, the dragon-flies are well represented in the Mesozoic strata. The
Triassic of Australia, Liassic of England and Germany, and the
Upper Jurassic of Turkestan have contributed many fossils of this
order. The beds of Solenhofen, however, are the oldest rocks to yield
fossils of the Anisoptera, which is now the predominant suborder.
The Zygoptera are known as far back as the Upper Permian; and the
Anisozygoptera from the Triassic to the Upper Jurassic and perhaps
the Tertiary.^

^Some students of the Odonata consider that the recent Japanese Epiophlebia
is a member of the Anisozygoptera. For an account of this subject, see my dis-
cussion in the American Journal of Science, (Ser. 5), Vol. XXXI, p. 97-139, 1931.

104

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Probably the best and most reliable original work on the Odonata
of Solenhofen has been done by Hagen, who accumulated a large
personal collection of the Jurassic dragon-flies, many of which were
subsequently given to the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Deich-
miiller described some additional species and contributed a great
deal to our knowledge of the venation of Hagen’s species; Handlirsch,
of course, has given a more modern classification of them. Although
about fifty species of Odonata have been described from the shales of
Solenhofen; more than half of them are synonyms.

Suborder ANISO ZYGO PT ERA.

This suborder was established by Handlirsch to include a series
of forms ancestral to the true Anisoptera. As more and more fossil
Odonata are found, it is becoming increasingly difficult to draw the
boundary between these two suborders. Tillyard has pointed out
that Handlirsch included two distinct types of families in the A7ii-
sozygoptera: one in which the discoidal cell of the hind wing is radically
different from that of the fore wing (more specialized) ; and another,
in which the discoidal cell of the fore wing has finally attained the
degree of specialization reached by that of the hind wing. He has
suggested that the former series be included in the A?iisozygoptera,
and the latter in the Anisoptera. This view I was also led to accept
from my review of the Permian species (1931). According to this use
of the subordinal name, the family StenophlehiidcB from Solenhofen
becomes a member of the Anisoptera, instead of the A?iisozygoptera,
where it was placed by Handlirsch.

Family TARSOPHLEBIID^.

Genus Tarsophlebia Hagen.

5. Tarsophlebia eximia (Hagen). (Fig. 2)

Heterophlebia eximia Hagen, 1862, Palaeontogr., X, 106.

Tarsophlebia eximia Hagen, 1866, Palaeontogr., XV, 65; pi. i, f. 1-6, ii.

Length of fore wing, 30-36 mm.

This is not a common species in the limestone and was undoubtedly
a delicate species, for the specimens are not nearly so well preserved
as the other Odonata. It is one of the most interesting of all the species
in the formation, however, because of the simple structure of the
discoidal cell, which is open (or really absent) in at least the fore wing.
The hind wing was figured by Hagen as having a similar structure.

Carpenter, F. M.: Jurassic Insects from Solenhofen. 105

and that view has been generally accepted; but in no specimen which
I have seen, including Hagen’s types, are the hind wings sufficiently
well preserved to convince me that this was actually the case. The
venation has been figured by Hagen and his drawing has been repro-
duced in several of Handlirsch’s works; but I have included a new
figure of the basal part of the wing, showing the peculiar structure of
the arculus, which distinguishes Tarsophlebia at once from the other
genera of Solenhofen. The oblique vein joining the media with CuP
at the base is obviously a cross-vein or a derivative of a cross-vein,
for it is much thinner and weaker than the stem of MA or Rs.

Fig. 2. Tarsophlebia eximia (Hagen), base of fore wing. Type (No. 6223),
Mus. Comp. Zool. Greatly magnified.

In the Bayet Collection of the Carnegie Museum there are four
specimens of eximia, Nos. 3807, 3808, 5089, 5090, and No. 3828 from
the collection received from the Paleontological Museum of Bavaria,
Munich, of which the last is very good, although unusually small.
In the Museum of Comparative Zoology there are twenty-one speci-
mens, Nos. 6216-6227 being a part of the type-series of Hagen.

Family ISOPHLEBIIDTi.

Genus Isophlebia Hagen.

6. Isophlebia aspasia Hagen.

Isophlebia aspasia Hagen, 1866, Palseontogr., XV, 70; pi. 2, f. 12; pi. 4, f. 13.
Deichmiiller, 1866, Mitt. Koenigl. Mineral. -Geol. Prsehist. Mus. Dresd., VII,
56; pi. 4, f. 4-6.

Length of fore wing, 95-100 mm.

This is the largest of the dragon-flies of Solenhofen. It is dis-
tinguished from the other genera by the quadrilateral shape of the

106

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

discoidal cell in the fore wing; I believe that in the hind wing this cell
is divided by an oblique cross-vein, forming a triangle; but unfor-
tunately in all of the specimens which I have examined the wings
overlap in such a way that one cannot be sure of the presence of the
cross-vein. In the Bayet Collection of the Carnegie Museum, there
are six specimens of aspasia, Nos. 3811, 3812, 3813-3814, 5091, 5092,
5093. In the Museum of Comparative Zoology there are twelve speci-
mens, of which Nos. 6186-6189 Hagen’s types.

Suborder ANISOPTERA.

Family STENOPHLEBIID.F:.

Genus Stenophlebia Hagen.

7. Stenophlebia latreillei (Germar). (Fig. 3)

Agrion latreillei Germar, 1839, Verb. L. Car. Ak., XIX, 218; pi. 23, f. 16.
Stenophlebia cequalis Hagen, 1866, Palseontogr., XV, 86; pi. i, f. 24.

Stenophlebia latreillei Deichmiiller, 1886, Mitt. Koenigl. Mineral. -Geol. Praehist.

Mus., Dresd., VII, 44; pi. 4, f. 13.

Length of fore wing, 50-60 mm.

This slender-winged dragon-fly is characterized by a simple type
of discoidal cell, which is similar in structure in both pairs of wings.
Hagen and Deichmiiller have given good figures, but I include a more
detailed drawing of the base of the wing. The arculus is very clearly
shown in one specimen (Carnegie No. 3996). The media is more de-
tached from R at the base than it is in any of the Odonata, which I

Fig. 3. Stenophlebia latreillei (Germar), diagram of main veins at base of
fore wing. No. 3796, Cam. Mus.

have seen, and its course at the arculus is very clear. The vein divid-
ing the discoidal cell is much weaker than the longitudinal veins and
has the appearance of a cross-vein. In the Bayet Collection of the

Carpenter, F. M.: Jurassic Insects from Solenhofen. 107

Carnegie Museum there are ten specimens of this species (Nos.
3796, 3997» 5094- 5095. 5096-5097> 5098-5099. 5ioo, 5101-5102 and
3798. No. 3798 from the collection of the Paleontological Museum
of Bavaria in Munich). In the Museum of Comparative Zoology
there are sixteen specimens, of which Nos. 6205, 6210, 6211, 6212,
6213, 6214, 6215 are types of Hagen’s synonymous species, cequalis,
lithophila, and phryne.

8. Stenophlebia amphitrite (Hagen).

Heterophlebia amphitrite Hagen, 1862, Palaeontogr., X, 105.

Stenophlebia amphitrite Hagen, 1886, Palaeontogr., XV, 83; pi. 3, f. i.

Length of fore wing, 80 mm.

This species is similar to latreillei, but is larger, and has narrower
wings with a broader discoidal cell. It is a rare species, and only two
specimens are in the Museum of Comparative Zoology.

Family ^SCHNID^.

Subfamily iF^scHNiDiN^.^

This subfamily includes the most highly specialized of the Jurassic
Odonata and is related to several recent groups of the family. It
was originally established by Handlirsch to include Mschnidium
Westwood and Urogomphus Handlirsch. The former genus was based
on fragments of a species {bub as Westwood) from the Jurassic of
England, but Handlirsch also placed here a second species from the
English Jurassic {antiquum Brodie), one finely preserved species from
the lithographic limestone {densum Hagen), and one species from the
Cretaceous of Australia {f Under siensis Woodward). The latter was
placed by Tillyard (1917) in a separate genus ^Eschnidiopsis. In
Urogomphus Handlirsch placed three species from the lithographic
limestone {giganteus Hagen, eximius Hagen, and abscissus Hagen),
none of which were represented by species showing details of structure.
Now in the Bayet Collection there is a very fine specimen of giganteus,
showing the minute structure of both pairs of wings. The wings of
this fossil turn out to be very close to those of Mschnidium densum

^As Tillyard has pointed out, if we use the long-established classification of
the Anisoptera, dividing them into two families, Mschnidce and Libellulidce, then
Handlirsch’s JEschnididce deserve only subfamily rank. This is the arrangement
I have used here.

108

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Hagen, also from the limestone of Solenhofen; in fact these species
are so close, that it is obvious they belong to the same genus. How-
ever, instead of placing these three species of Urogomphus in Msdini-
diiim (thus synonymizing Urogomphus with yEschnidium) , I believe
it is more satisfactory to transfer the species densum from yEschnidium
to Urogomphus. By so doing we include the species from England
{hiihas and antiquum) in ^schnidium, and all the species from Solen-
hofen in Urogomphus \ and there can be no question that these species
from Solenhofen are more closely related to each other, than to the
English forms. According to this arrangement the subfamily yEschni-
dince includes the following:

yEschnidium Westwood (1854). Jurassic of England.
bubas Westwood, genotype,
antiquum Brodie.

yEschnidiopsis Tillyard (1917). Cretaceous of Australia.
f Under siensis (Woodward), genotype.

Urogomphus Handlirsch (1906). Jurassic of Bavaria.
giganteus (Germar), genotype,
eximius (Hagen).
abscissius (Hagen).
densus (Hagen).

9. Urogomphus giganteus (Germar). (Fig. 4)

yEschna gigantea Germar, 1839, Nova Acta, XIX, 216; pi. 22, fig. 14.

Estemoa gigantea Deichmiiller, 1886, Mitt. Koenigl. Mineral. -Geol. Praehist. Mus.
Dresd., VII, 35; pi. 3, f. 1-3.

Urogom.phus giganteus Handlirsch, 1906, Foss. Ins., 594; pi. 47, f. 18.

Length of fore wing, 90-95 mm.

This rare species has previously been known only from very poor
specimens. The only original figure is that of Deichmiiller, who was
able to determine only the general characteristics of the main longi-
tudinal veins in the apical half of the wing. In the Carnegie Museum
there is an excellent specimen of this species, showing all details of the
venation, including the cellules, except at the very apex of the fore
wing. This fossil provides us with the first complete picture not only
of giganteus, but of Urogomphus as a whole, since none of the species
of the genus have been represented by good specimens. The fore
wing is narrow basally and pointed apically; the posterior margin

Carpenter, F. M.: Jurassic Insects from Solenhofen. 109

Fig. 4. Urogomphus giganteus (Germar), bases of fore and hind wings;
specimen No. 3829-3830, Carnegie Museum. The fine network of cross-veins
resembling that of, densus is omitted from the figure. Magnified.

possesses two indentations, one at the termination of R3 and the other
at the end of R4; nodus at about midwing; both 1R2 and R3, R4 and
M converging at the margin; the two original antenodals very dis-
tinct; supratriangle very long and narrow; triangle large. The hind
wing is very broad basally; there is a third prominent antenodal at the
very base of the wing. The surface of both wings, including the costal
space, is covered with a fine network of cells.

This species is close to densus Hagen, but is nearly twice as large
and has much narrower wings. In the Carnegie collection there are
two specimens of this species: No. 3829-3830 described above; and
No. 3831, a complete, but poorer specimen. In the Museum of Com-
parative Zoology there is one specimen, showing the base of the two
right wings and the whole of the left wings.

no

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Subfamily Cymatophlebiin^.

Genus Cymatophlebia Deichmiiller.

10. Cymatophlebia longialata (Germar). (Fig. 5)

Libellula longialata Germar, 1839, Nova Acta, XIX, 216; pi. 23, f. 15.
Cymatophlebia longialata Deichmiiller, 1886, Mitt. Koenigl. Mineral. -Geol. Prsehist.
Mus. Dresd., VII, 49; pi. 3, f. 5-8.

Length of fore wing, 70 mm.

This is a common dragon-fly, the genus being distinguished by the
upward bend in R3 just below the pterostigma. The venation of
longialata has been figured by Hagen and Deichmiiller, but in neither
case are the wings complete or detailed.® I have therefore included

Fig. 5. Cymatophlebia longialata (Germar), hind wing and base of fore wing;
drawn from specimens Nos. 3823-3824, Cam. Mus. Magnified.

a drawing of the hind wing and the base of the fore wing. In general
structure of the wing and especially in the undulation of R3 Cyma-
topJilebia is close to the ^schnmcc; but the anal loop, characteristic

^Needham (1907) has figured this species in the Bulletin of the American
Museum of Natural History (figure 2), based upon a specimen in the Museum
of Comparative Zoology which he supposed to be Germar’s jEschna munsteri.
Needham established a new genus (Morbceschna) for this fossil, but it is of course
synonymous with Cymatophlebia, since the specimen was really longialata. In the
same paper he has also given a figure of what he supposed to be longialata, also
based on a specimen in the Museum of Comparative Zoology; but his figure is
really of a new species, described below (jiirassica) , as shown by the hind wing.

Carpenter, F. M.: Jurassic Insects from Solenhofen. Ill

of this recent subfamily, is entirely absent. For that reason, a separate
subfamily for Cymatophlebia is justified.

In the Carnegie Museum there are specimens of lo7igialata belonging
to the Bayet Collection, Nos. 3823, 3824-5103, 3825-3826, 5104,
5105, 5106, 5107, 5108, and No. 3827 received from the collection of the
Paleontological Museum of Bavaria in Munich. Nos. 3823 and 3824
are excellent specimens, showing fore wings in detail. In the Museum
of Comparative Zoology there are fourteen specimens, of which Nos.
6295 and 6248 are excellent.

II. Cymatophlebia jurassica, sp. nov. (Fig. 6)

Length of fore wing, 43 mm.; width 10 mm.; length of hind wing,
42 mm.; width, 14 mm.

In addition to its smaller size this species is distinguished from
longialata by the following features: (i) the fore wing is broader in
the distal half of the wing; (2) the hind wing is relatively broader
throughout, and the inner margin is distinctly more rounded; and (3)
in both wings and especially in the fore, the undulations of R3 are
more pronounced.

Fig. 6. Cymatophlebia jurassica, sp. nov., based on the holotype (No. 3819,
Cam. Mus.) and the paratype (No. 6193, Mus. Comp. Zodl.) Magnified.

Holotype: No. 3815, Carnegie Museum (Secured by Baron de
Bayet) from the collection of Mrs. Gordon Thomson. This specimen

112 Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

is faintly preserved, but under good illumination all the structures
indicated in figure 6 are visible; the fossil shows all four wings out-
spread. Paratype: No. 6193 and reverse (6275) in the Museum of
Comparative Zoology. This fossil does not show quite so much
detail as the holotype, but includes all the structures essential for
determination.

This is almost certainly the species represented in Needham’s
figure of longialata, based upon a specimen in the Museum of Com-
parative Zoology, although I am unable to locate in the collection the
specimen which he has illustrated.

Subfamily Protolindeniin^.

Genus Protolindenia Deichmuller.

Protolindenia Deichmuller, 1886, Mitt. Koenigl. Mineral. -Geol. Praehist. Mus*
Dresd., VII, 37.

Mesuropetala Handlirsch, 1906, Foss. Ins.: 588.

The genus Protolindenia was established by Deichmuller for the
single species wittei, but new specimens of koehleri Hagen, the type
of Handlirsch ’s genus Mesuropetala, show that this species is exceed-
ingly close to wittei and should be included in the same genus. Pro-
tolindenia is distinguished from Cymatophlebia by the absence of the
undulation in R3, mentioned above; in Protolindenia R3 and 1R2
are parallel in the region of the pterostigma.

12. Protolindenia wittei (Giebel).

jpschna wittei Giebel, i860, Zitsch. Ges. Nat., XVI, 127; pi. i, f. i.

Protolindenia wittei Deichmuller, 1886, Mitt. Koenigl. Mineral. -Geol. Praehist.
Mus. Dresd., VII, 37; pi. 4, ff. i, 2, 9, 10.

Length of fore wing, 40-50 mm.

This common species has been figured in detail by Deichmuller and
needs no further description. The triangle of the fore wing has the top
side the same length as the apical side. In the Carnegie Museum
there are three specimens. Nos. 3818, 5109-51 10, and 3820, the latter
being the most perfectly preserved of all the Solenhofen Odonata
which I have seen. In the Museum of Comparative Zoology there are
twenty-one specimens.

Carpenter, F. M.: Jurassic Insects from Solenhofen. 113

13. Protolindenia koehleri (Hagen). (Fig. 7)

Gomphus (?) kcehleri Hagen, 1848, Stett. Ent. Zeit., IX, 8.

Uropetala kcehleri Deichmiiller, 1886, Mitt. Koenigl. Mineral.-Geol. Preehist. Mus.
Dresd., VII, 52; pi. 4, ff. 3, ii, 12.

Mesuropetala kcehleri Handlirsch, 1908, Foss. Ins. p. 588; pi. 47, f. 9.

Length of fore wing, 45-50 mm.

This species is distinguished from the previous one by having the
apical side of the triangle of the fore wing much shorter than the top
side. Since no complete figure of kcehleri has been published, I in-
clude one based on specimens No. 6194 and 1998 in the Museum of
Comparative Zoology. There are no specimens of this species in the

Fig. 7. Protolindenia kcehleri (Hagen), fore wing and base of hind wing
(Specimens Nos. 6194, 1998, Mus. Comp. Z06I.) Magnified.

Carnegie Museum. Miinsteri (Germar), which has been doubtfully
referred to Mesuropetala, was described only by a very crude figure
showing the outlines of the wings. Specimens in Hagen’s collection
labelled Mschna miinsteri are a mixture of Cymatophlebia wittei, and
kcehleri. The specimen, which Needham figured as miinsteri, and for
which he established the new genus Morhceschna is really a Cyma-
tophlebia {longialata) as shown by the contour of R3. Schmideli
(Giebel), which was figured but not described by Schmidel in 1782, is
also unrecognizable. I believe that both these species, miinsteri and
schmideli, should be dropped from the literature as unrecognizable
insects.

114

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Subfamily Cordulegasterin^ Calvert.

Genus ALschnogomphus Handlirsch.

14. JEschnogomphus intermedius (Hagen). (Fig. 8)

Anax intermedius Hagen, 1848, Stett. Ent. Zeit., IX, 10.

Cordulegaster intermedius Deichmiiller, 1886, Mitt. Koenigl. Mineral. -Geol.
Prsehist. Mus. Dresd., VII, 45; pi. i, f. 7.

Length of fore wing, 90-95 mm.

This large species is a rare one and has only been figured by Deich-
miiller, who was able to represent only the main longitudinal veins.
Among the specimens at my disposal there are some very fine repre-
sentatives of this insect, from which I have drawn a figure of the base
of the hind wing. These specimens show that the wings did not pos-

Fig. 8. j^schnogomphus intepnedius (Hagen), base of hind wing. Drawn
from specimens No. 3822 Cam. Mus. and 1997, Mus. Comp. Zool.

sess the anal loop characteristics of CordtilegasterincE, and support
Handlirsch’s view that intermedius requires a separate genus. In the
Carnegie collection there are five specimens: Nos. 3822, 3821, 51 ii—
5112, 5113, all derived from the Bayet collection. The fifth specimen.
No. 1221, was purchased at Ward’s Establishment. The best of all
of these specimens is No. 3822. In the Museum of Comparative
Zoology there is one finely preserved specimen (No. 1997).

Subfamily Gomphin^.

Genus Nannogomphus Handlirsch.

15. Nannogomphus bavaricus Handlirsch.

Nannogomphus bavaricus Handlirsch, 1906, Foss. Ins., 587; pi. 47, f. 8.

Length of fore wing, 20-25 mm.

Carpenter, F. M.; Jurassic Insects from Solenhofen. 115

This is the smallest Anisopteron in the limestone; it has been com-
pletely figured by Handlirsch and I can add no details to his descrip-
tion. I think that there can be no doubt that gracilis Meunier (1896)
and ncEvicus Hagen (1862) are to be referred to this species; but
Handlirsch was the first to publish a recognizable description of the
species and I consider that his specific name should be used. In the
Carnegie collection there are three specimens, Nos. 3815, 3816, and
3817-5114. In the Museum of Comparative Zoology there are five
specimens.

Suborder ZYGOPTERA.

The Damsel-flies of Solenhofen are very unsatisfactorily preserved;
apparently the insects were too delicate to withstand decomposition
long enough to become well preserved. In the collections of the Car-
negie Museum and the Museum of Comparative Zoology there are
but a few poor specimens, which can only be determined with doubt.
One specimen in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, however, I
believe to be the one figured by Needham (1903, p. 9) as an ‘‘unde-
scribed Agrionid genus”; at least on the back of this specimen in
Needham’s writing are the words ‘‘Agrionid — apparently new, a fine
specimen.” Unfortunately, although the body and veins of this in-
sect are well preserved, all four wings are folded together in such a
manner that I am unable to produce a satisfactory figure of the fossil.
If this is the specimen which Needham figured, it may be that he has
correctly depicted the venation, but I am not able to follow the course
of the veins, and therefore leave the species unnamed.

In the Museum of Comparative Zoology, in addition to the type of
Malmagrio7i eichstattensis (Hagen), there is a poorly preserved fossil,
which probably belongs to the same species. In the Carnegie collec-
tion there is a specimen of this insect (No. 5115) and a poorly preserved
individual apparently belonging to the genus Pseudoeupheon (3832-

3833)-

Order BLATTARIA.

Family MESOBLATTINID^.

Genus Lithoblatta Handlirsch.

16. Lithoblatta lithophila (Germar).

Musca lithophila Germar, 1839, Verb. L. Car. Ak., XIX, 22; pi. 23, f. 19.
Mesohlatta lithophila Scudder, 1886, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., Ill, 464.

116

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Mesoblatta lithophila Deichmiiller, 1886, Mitt. Koenigl. Mineral.-Geol. Praehist.

Mus. Dresd., VII, 6; pi. i, ff. 1-6.

Lithoblatta lithophila Handlirsch, 1906, Foss. Ins., 530; pi. 46, f. 7.

Length of fore wing, 13-14 mm.

This is one of the commonest insects in the limestone. It has been
completely figured and described by several authors. In the Car-
negie collection there are seven specimens: Nos. 3791-3792, 5116-
5117, 5118, 5119, 5120, 5121, 5122. In the Museum of Comparative
Zoology there are twenty specimens. The specimens are usually pre-
served with the elytra outspread, as in the case of the Coleoptera;
but they can be distinguished from the latter by the ilat surface of
the elytra, which are convex in the coleopterous specimens.

Order ORTHOPTERA.

The true Orthoptera represented in the formation are_almost ex-
clusively Locustoid types. In the Carnegie Museum there is one
specimen, which I believe is undoubtedly a Grylloid; the habitus
is strikingly like that of the true crickets. These have been found in the
Mesozoic only in the English Jurassic, where two species have been
located. It is not improbable, therefore, that this form from Solen-
hofen is a member of the suborder Grylloidea; but unfortunately
neither the venation nor the structure of the body is preserved well
enough to permit a definite decision.

Family ELCANIDT:.

In the genus Elcana Handlirsch has recognized eight species from
this one formation, although he suggests that several of the species
may be synonymous. From a survey of the material at hand I believe
that at most only four species are valid: phyllophora Handlirsch
{=havaricus Handlirsch, oppenheimi Handlirsch); lithophila Germar
{=amanda Hagen, qucorula Weyenbergh) ; deichmuelleri Handlirsch,
and longicornis Handlirsch. Phyllophora and lithophila are unques-
tionably represented in the material before me, but there are a num-
ber of specimens of Elcana which do not show the characteristics
necessary for specific determination.

Carpenter, F. M.: Jurassic Insects from Solenhofen. 117

Genus Elcana Giebel.

17. Elcana phyllophora Handlirsch.

Elcana phyllophora Handlirsch, 1906, Foss. Ins., 516; pi. 44, f. i.

Length of fore wing, 22-25 miri.

Rs has 12 to 14 branches, two of which usually give rise to several
short marginal veinlets. In the Carnegie collection there is one very
fine specimen (No. 5123), shov/ing the venation clearly, as well
as the body and the antennae. Another specimen is Nos. 5125-5126.
In the Museum of Comparative Zoology there are four poorer speci-
mens.

18. Elcana lithophila (Germar).

Asilicus lithophilus Germar, 1842, Munster Betrag, VIII, 87; pi. 9, f. 7.

Elcana lithophila Handlirsch, 1906, Foss, Ins., 517.

Length of fore wing, 20 mm.

Rs has 10 branches in all specimens with distinct venation. In the
Carnegie Museum there is one specimen. No. 5124; and in the Mu-
seum of Comparative Zoology two specimens.

c

Family LOCUSTOPSIDZE.

Genus Conocephalites Handlirsch.

19. Conocephalites capito Deichmuller.

Conocephalites capito Deichmuller, 1886, Mitt. Koenigl. Mineral. -Geol. Praehist.
Mus. Dresd,, VII, 24; pi. 2, f. 2.

Length of fore wing, 40 mm.

This is a rare species, of which one specimen (No. 3781) is in the
Carnegie Museum and another in the Museum of Comparative Zoo-
ology.

Family LOCUSTID^.

Genus Pycnophlebia Deichmuller.

20. Pycnophlebia speciosa (Germar).

Locusta speciosa Germar, 1839, Verb. L. Car. Ak., XIX, 198; pi. 21, f. i.
Pycnophlebia speciosa Deichmuller, 1886, Mitt. Koenigl. Mineral. -Geol. Praehist.
Mus. Dresd., VII, 20; pi. 30, f. 4.

Length of fore wing, 90-95 mm.

This large and conspicuous species is common in the limestone.
It has been completely figured by Deichmuller and needs no further

118

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

description. In the Carnegie collection there are two specimens,
Nos. 3783-3784 and 3793. In the Museum of Comparative Zoology
there are nine specimens, of which one (No. 6099) is very finely pre-
served.

21. Pycnophlebia minor Handlirsch.

Pycnophlebia minor Handlirsch, 1906, Foss. Ins., 520.

Length of fore wing, 70 mm.

This is a much smaller and rarer species than the foregoing. The
venation, which is well preserved in one Carnegie specimen (No. 5127)
is apparently very similar (if not identical) with that of speciosa. There
are two other specimens in the Carnegie Museum (5128, 5129) and
one in the Museum of Comparative Zoology.

Order PHASMODEA.

Family CHRESMODIDT:.

Genus Chresmoda Germar.

22. Chresmoda obscura Germar.

Chresmoda obscura Germar, 1839, Verb. L. Car. Ak., XIX, 201; pi. 22, f. 4; Deich-
miiller, 1886, Mitt. Koenigl. Mineral. -Geol. Praehist. Mus. Dresd., VII, 10;
pi. I, ff. 7-12. Handlirsch, 1906, Foss. Ins., 525; pi. 44, ff. 15, 19.

This striking insect caused much confusion to the older students of
the lithographic insects; Germar considered one specimen to be a
Mantid and another to be a Reduviid (Hemiptera); Oppenheim re-
garded it as an aquatic Homopteron, allied to the HydrometridcB;
and Deichmtiller thought it was an Acridiid. Handlirsch, however,
demonstrated conclusive!}’ that the fossil was really a Phasmid,
possessing seventeen segmented antennae and distinct cerci, as well
as the wing-venation characteristic of the Phasmids. More recently
Martynov has reviewed the evidence and established the suborder
Chresmododea to include the families ChresmodidcB, Necrophasmidce
(Lias of Turkestan), Aerophasmidce (Trias of Australia, and Lias of
Turkestan).

Handlirsch has given a complete account of this fossil and there is
little to add. Not only are the adults present (length of body 30-40
mm.), but very small immature specimens, with a body only 8 mm.

Carpenter, F. M.: Jurassic Insects from Solenhofen. 119

long, likewise occur. The Carnegie collection is especially rich in
specimens of ohscura, there being a total of eighteen: Nos. 3776-3777,
3778-3779- 3780, 5131-5132, 5133-5134, 5135-5136, 5137-5138,

5139, 5140, 5141, 5142, 5143, 5144-5145, 5146, 5147, 5148, 5149 are
parts of the Bayet Collection; No. 3775 was received in exchange
from the Paleontological Museum of Bavaria, in Munich. No. 3778
is a fine nymph. In the Museum of Comparative Zoology there are
thirteen specimens. No. 6105 being the best I have seen.

Order HEMIPTERA.

Both the Heteroptera and the Homoptera are represented in the
lithographic limestone. The Heteroptera are of unsual interest, since
all the species belong to groups which were undoubtedly aquatic, as
the BelostomatidcB, Nepidce, and Notonectidoe. In view of this fact,
and particularly in view of the abundance of the Belostomatidce, it
does not seem unlikely that these insects actually lived as adults in
the waters that deposited the limestone, regardless of the fact that it
was unquestionably saline. It is almost certain, however, that they
did not breed there, but flew after the emergence of the adult from some
neighboring fresh-water lake.

Family BELOSTOMATIDTi.

Genus Mesobelostomum Haase.

23. Mesobelostomum deperditum (Germar)

Scarabceides deperditum Germar, Verb. L. Car. Ak., XIX, 218; pi. 23, f. 17.
Mesobelostomum deperditum Haase, 1890, N. Jahr. Mineral., II, 88.

This common species is strikingly close to the existing Belostomum.
Most of the specimens are poorly preserved, but some show details
of the wing- as well as body-structure. None of the specimens before
me are exceptionally well preserved, however. There are eleven in
the Carnegie Museum, of which Nos. 3843, 5150, 5151, 5152, 5153,
5154, 5155, 5156, 5210 are derived from the Bayet Collection; 3845
was obtained from the Paleontological Museum of Bavaria, in Mun-
ich, and 1219 was bought from Ward’s Establishment. There are
nineteen in the Museum of Comparative Zoology.

120

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Family NEPID^F:.

Genus Mesonepa Handlirsch.

24. Mesonepa primordialis (Germar).

Nepa primordialis Germar, 1839, Verb. L. Car. Ak., XIX, 206; pi. 22, f. 7.
Mesonepa primordialis Handlirsch, 1906, Foss. Ins., 637; pi. 51, f. 20.

This is an obscure insect, no complete specimens yet having been
found. The general habitus of the body indicates that it is a relative
of the recent Nepa. In the Carnegie Museum there are two speci-
mens: Nos. 5157-5158, 5159-5160. There are also three in the Mu-
seum of Comparative Zoology.

25. Mesonepa minor Handlirsch.

Mesonepa minor Handlirsch, 1906, Foss. Ins., 637; pi. 51, f. 21.

Similar to the preceding insect, but much smaller. In the Carnegie
Collection there are three specimens. Nos. 3842, 5161-5162, 5163-
5164. In the Museum of Comparative Zoology there are five.

Family NOTONECTIDT:.

Genus Notonectites Handlirsch.

26. Notonectites elterleini (Deichmiiller).

Notonecta elterleini Deichmiiller, 1886, Mitt. Koenigl. Mineral. -Geol. Praehist.

Mus. Dresd., VII, 64; pi. 5, f. 67.

Notonectites elterleini Handlirsch, 1906, Foss. Ins., 639; pi. 51, f. 28.

This small Notonectid is represented by one specimen in the Mu-
seum of Comparative Zoology (No. 6151).^ Nothing is known of its
general habitus.

Order HOMOPTERA.

Family PAL^ONTINID^.

Genus Limacodites Handlirsch.

27. Limacodites mesozoicus Handlirsch.

Limacodites mesozoicus Handlirsch, 1906, Foss. Ins., 622; pi. 49, ff. 12-15.

Length of fore wing, 35-40 mm.

This fossil, together with the others in the family, were placed by
Handlirsch in the Lepidoptera, but Tillyard demonstrated (1921)
that they are really Homoptera, allied to the recent Cicadid(E\ and
Martynov in a more recent paper (1930), based on a re-examination of

Carpenter, F. M.: Jurassic Insects from Solenhofen 121

some of the type specimens from other formations, has substantiated
Tillyard’s conclusions. L. mesozoiciis is represented in the Carnegie
collection by one specimen (No. 5165), and in the Harvard collection
by three specimens. None of them are well preserved.

Genus Archepsyche Handlirsch.

28. Archepsyche eichstattensis Handlirsch.

Archepsyche eichstattensis Handlirsch, 1906, Foss. Ins., 624; pi. 50, ff. 1-2.

Length of fore wing, 25-29 mm.

In general appearance similar to the preceding, but smaller. The
venation has been determined in several specimens, but is not clear
in the material at hand; one specimen (No. 5166) in the Carnegie
collection and two in the Museum of Comparative Zoology.

Genus Eocicada Oppenheim.

29. Eocicada microcephala Oppenheim

Eocicada microcephala Oppenheim, 1881, Palaeontogr., XXXIV, 222; pi. 31, f.
30; Handlirsch, 1906, Foss, Ins., 626; pi. 50, ff. 7-9.

Length of fore wing, 70-75 mm.

This remarkable fossil is distinguished by the short, stout body and
the proportionally long wings. No specimens are in the Carnegie
Museum and only one is in the Museum of Comparative Zoology.

Order NEUROPTERA.

The Neuroptera are not at all common in the lithographic limestone,
but enough good specimens have been found to give an idea of the
general composition of the fauna. Handlirsch recognizes four families,
NymphitidcB, ProhemerobiidcB, MesochrysopidcB, and KilligrammidcB.
Specimens of each of these groups except the Killigrammidce, which
is known from a single specimen, are present in the collections placed
before me for study.

Family NYMPHITIDT:.

Genus Mesonymphes Carpenter.

30. Mesonymphes hageni Carpenter.

Mesonymphes hageni Carpenter, Psyche, 1929, pp. 35, 190; f. i.

Length of fore wing, 40 mm.

The type specimen (No. 1999) is in the Museum of Comparative
Zoology.

122

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Family PROHEMEROBIID.F:.

Genus Osmylites Haase.

31. Osmylites protogaeus (Hagen).

Chrysopa protogceus Hagen, 1862, Paleeontogr., X, 108.

Osmylites protogceus Haase, 1890, N. Jahr. Mineral., II, 22; f. 10.

Length of fore wing, 25-28 mm.

One of the smallest of the Neuroptera from Solenhofen, this obscure
species is represented in the Carnegie Museum by one specimen
(Nos. 5167-5168), and another in the Museum of Comparative
Zoology. The venation is only partially known, and in neither of
these specimens can I discern any features additional to those al-
ready described.

Genus Archegetes Handlirsch.

32. Archegetes neuropterorum Handlirsch.

Archegetes neuropterorum Handlirsch, 1906, p. 605; pi. 48, ff. 1-2.

Length of fore wing, 70-75 mm.

In the Museum of Comparative Zoology there is one specimen, very
close to the one described by Handlirsch, but a little smaller.

Genus Gigantotermes Haase.

33. Gigantotermes excelsus (Hagen).

Apochrysa excelsus Hagen, 1862, Palseontogr., X, 108.

Gigantotermes excelsus Haase, 1890, N. Jahr. Mineral., H, 12.

Length of fore wing, 52-59 mm.

One specimen (No. 5169) in the Carnegie Museum. All four wings
are preserved, but only the faintest traces of the venation.

Eamily MESOCHRYSOPID^ Handlirsch.

Genus Mesotermes Haase.

34. Mesotermes heros (Hagen).

Termes heros Hagen, 1862, Palaeontogr., X, 114; pi. 15, f. i.

Mesotermes heros Haase, 1890, N. Jahr. Mineral., II, 13.

Length of fore wing, 45-48 mm.

The type specimen (No. 1996) is in the Museum of Comparative
Zoology, as well as another specimen, which is well preserved. The

Carpenter, F. M.: Jurassic Insects from Solenhofen. 123

venation in the latter is very clear and demonstrates that heros is a
Mesochrysopid, as Handlirsch suspected. The species is so close to
Mesochrysopa zitteli Meunier, differing only in size, that the two
species undoubtedly belong to the same genus. However, if this view
is taken, then the appropriate generic name Mesochrysopa will be-
come Mesotermes and the family Mesotermitidce, which is very mis-
leading. For this reason, I suggest that regardless of the close affini-
ties of heros and zitteli, the generic separation be retained.

NEUROPTERA, incertse sedis.

35. “Corydalis” vetusta Oppenheim. (Fig. 9)

Corydalis vetusta Hagen, 1862 (not described), Palaeontogr., X. — Oppenheim, 1888,
Palaeontogr., XXXIV, pi. 30, f. 3; pi. 31, f. 31. — Meunier, 1898, Arch. Mus.
Teyler, II, (6); pi. 18, ff. 50-51.

Length of fore wing, 40 mm.

This obscure insect has been known by several specimens, which
showed the general habitus of the body only, including a large elongate
head. Handlirsch suggests that the insect is a Sialid or a Perlid. In
the Carnegie Museum there is one well preserved specimen (No.
3846), showing the wings as well as the characteristic body. Un-
fortunately, liowever, only a portion of the fore wing is clear enough

Fig. 9. " Cory delis" vetusta Hagen, part of fore wing (Specimen No. 3846
Cam. Mus.)

so that the veins can be distinguished. Enough is preserved, I believe,
to show that the insect is a Neuropteron, probably one of the Mega-
loptera\ the two parallel branches of Rs, which is parallel to Ri, are
certainly more characteristic of the Neuroptera than of the Perlids.

124

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

However, since the apex of the wing is missing, it is impossible to state
with certainty just to what family of Neuroptera this fossil is most
closely related.

Order COLEOPTERA.

• The Coleoptera of the lithographic limestone are the most un-
satisfactory of all the insects in the formation. Nearly always the whole
insect is preserved with the elytra outspread, but with the hind wing
folded up or twisted in such a manner that the venation is not de-
cipherable. This condition and the absence of taxonomic characteris-
tics in the elytra alone prevent us from determining even the family
position with any degree of certainty. The most that can be said is
that beetles were common in the vicinity of the water, which de-
posited the limestone; and that a diversity of forms existed. Hand-
lirsch recognizes forty species, but I believe that many of these are
synonymous.

In the Carnegie Museum and the Museum of Comparative Zoology
the following species are present:* Pyrochroophana brevipes Deich-
miiller (5170), Ditomorptera dubia Germar (3785-3786), D. minor
Deichmuller (3794-5172, 5171, 5173, 5174, 5i75)» Sphcerodermopsis
j urassica Oppenheim (3847, 5176-5177), Actea sphinx Germar (3790,
3795» 5178-5179, 5180, 5181, 5182), Malmelater costeri Weyenbergh
(5183, 5184), Pseiidohydrophilus avitus Heyden (3788, 5185-5186),
and Procalosoma major Handlirsch (3787).

Order TRICHOPTERA.

Specimens representing this order are extremely rare in the litho-
graphic shales. In none of these has the venation been so distinct
that a satisfactory concept of the wing could be reached, and there is
a possibility that the fossils belong to the allied order Paratrichoptera,
which is amply represented in the Jurassic of Turkestan. The only
specimen of Trichoptera from Solenhofen, which I have seen is prob-
ably Archotaiillus bavaricus Handlirsch (No. 5187), in the Carnegie
Museum. The complete insect is preserved, even the long antennae;
but none of the veins can be distinguished.

*The numbers following the names are those representing specimens in the
Bayet Collection.

Carpenter, F. M.: Jurassic Insects from Solenhofen. 125

Order HYMENOPTERA.

Family PSEUDOSIRICID^.

Genus PSEUDOSIREX Weyenbergh. (Fig. lo)

The Hymenoptera of Solenhofen, although apparently belonging to
a single genus and very few species, are perhaps the most important
of all the insects in the formation. Until the discovery of Hymenoptera
in the Jurassic of Turkestan in 1927, these specimens have been al-
most the sole representatives of the order in the Mesozoic. Most of
the fossils show only the general habitus of the wings and body, but
these are so characteristic of the siricoid wasps that even the older
students of fossil insects recognized them as belonging to that group.
Even poorly preserved specimens show the stout ovipositor of the fe-
male very plainly, and good specimens possess the numerous wrinkles
in the distal part of the wings, typical of the siricoid wasps.

The members of this genus are common in the limestone and, like
the recent siricids, are highly variable in size; as a consequence, four-
teen species have been described, based largely on differences in
dimensions. Handlirsch lists all of these as distinct species, but sug-
gests that some are synonyms. In the material before me there are
forty-six specimens of Pseudosirex, and from my study of them I am
led to believe that there are only two valid species: nanus Handlirsch
and schroeteri (Germar) (genotype), which includes all the other species.
Nanus is distinguished by its very small size, the fore wing being only
25 mm. long. Schroeteri, as I consider it, has a length of wing which
varies from 30-60 mm., most specimens being about 40 mm. In the
collections at hand there is a series with a complete gradation in
sizes between these extremes. The smaller specimens are probably
males, and the larger females. It is even possible that nanus is a small
male of schroeteri, for there is no apparent difference in venation.
Schroeteri is represented in the Carnegie collection by eleven specimens
(Nos. 3799-3800, 3805-3806, 3809, 3810-5199, 5200-5201, 5202-5203,
5204-5205, 5206, 5207, 5208, 5209), and in the Museum of Com-
parative Zoology by thirty-one specimens. Specimen No. 3810 in
the Carnegie Museum is unusually well preserved, showing all but the
distal parts of the veins. Nanus is represented in the Carnegie Mu-
seum by several poor specimens and one other (No. 5189), which I
believe is the best specimen of Pseudosirex that has been found; the
two fore wings and the body are preserved, the wings being outstretched

126

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

on each side. The Carnegie Museum also lists Nos. 3803-3804,
5188, 5189, 5190-5191, 5192-5193, 5194-5195, 5196, 5197, 5198,
3801-3802.

In spite of the abundance of specimens of Pseudosirex the venation
has been hitherto more or less uncertain. Figures of the wings given by
Deichmiiller, Oppenheim, Weyenbergh, and Handlirsch were very
generalized, only the heaviest veins being indicated. Tillyard has
published a complete analysis of the venation of the wings (1927),
based upon specimens in the Paleontological Museum at Munich,
although he states that in none of these specimens could the veins be
made out with absolute accuracy, owing to the wrinkles in the distal
half of the membrane. In the specimen of nanus in the Carnegie

Fig. 10. Pseudosirex nanus Handlirsch, fore wing; specimen No. 5189,
Carnegie Museum. For convenience I have used the venational nomenclature
suggested by Bradley (“Guide to the Wings of Insects”), without, however, in-
tending to imply a complete acceptance of this interpretation.

Museum, as well as in the above mentioned specimen of schroeteri,
the veins are exceptionally clear; in the former specimen they are pre-
served as brown or yellow-brown lines, instead of being merely ridges
or grooves. In figure 10 I have reproduced a detailed drawing of the
fore wing of this fossil, in which I have included only the structures
which are clear enough to be positive. There may be additional cross-
veins between Rs and Mi-f2, or Mi-f2 and M3 + 4inthe distal part
of the wing, but I can see no traces of them in the fossil.

It will readily be noted that there are numerous differences between
the venation as I have represented it, and as it was figured by Tillyard.
An enumeration of these differences is hardly necessary, but they
comprise such important features as the position of Sc with respect to
R, the point of termination of Sc, the position of the pterostigma, the

Carpenter, F. M.: Jurassic Insects from Solenhofen. 127

number of branches in Rs, and the point of termination of Cui, 2A,
and 3A; as well as minor characters, such as the shape of the wing and
the cells. These discrepancies are far too great to be due to individual
variation, but there remain two possible explanations: either the speci-
mens which Tillyard figured belong to an entirely different species
(or genus) than those which I have studied; or they were not well
enough preserved to enable him to determine accurately the course
of the veins. I think that there can be no question that the speci-
mens, upon which I have worked, are the true Pseudosirex; the vena-
tion in the specimen of schroeteri is precisely the same as that in the
specimen of nanus, so far as it can be distinguished; so that if Till-
yard’s specimens were as he believed them to be, they probably belong
to a different genus.

This Carnegie specimen of nanus enables us to characterize the family
Psetidosirex more definitely than before: the costal space is narrow,
the subcosta being very close to the radius, almost contiguous to it;
Sc terminates on Ri in the region of the pterostigma; the pterostigma
is well developed, Ri being swollen and thickened, and the costal
space being chitinized at this point; M diverges from Ri almost at
right angles, instead of being directed basally as in the recent Slricoids;
two cross-veins are present between Rs and Ri, in the region of the
pterostigma; 3A is slightly removed from the posterior margin and
fuses apically with Cui+Cu2.

The venation of Pseudosirex seems to approach that of Xeris much
more closely than that of any of the other recent genera.^ If we bear
in mind that in the distal part of the fossil wing there may be one or
tVv'o cross-veins, which I have not been able to see, the similarity to
Xeris is very striking (Figure ii). M in Pseudosirex is more primi-

'^I am indebted to Professor C. T. Brues for furnishing me with specimens of
Siricida for comparison with Pseudosirex.

128

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

live in its origin and perhaps 3A is also; but the venation is remarkably
modern for a Jurassic species, especially for one which is the oldest
record of the Hymenoptera.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Carpenter, F. M. 1931. The lower Permian Insects of Kansas.
Part 2. PalcBodictyoptera, Protodonata, and Odonata. Amer.
Journ. Sci., (Ser. 45), XXI: 97-139.

Deichmuller, J. V. 1886. Die Insecten aus dem lithographischen
Schiefer im Dresdener Museum. Mitt. Konigl. Alineral.-Geol.
Pr^hist. Mus., VII, 1-88.

Germar, E. F. 1837. Uber die versteinerten Insecten des Jura-
schiefers von Solenhofen aus der Sammlung des Grafen zu
Munster. Oken. Isis, IV, 1837: 421-424.

1839. Die versteinerten Insecten Solenhofens. Nova Acta Acad.
Leop. Carol., XIX, 187-222.

1842. Beschreibung einiger neuen fossilen Insecten (I) in dem
lithographischen Schiefern Baierns und (II) im Schieferthon
des Steinkohlengebirges von Wettin. Munster, Beitr. Heft.
5: 79-94-

Handlirsch, a. 1906-1908. Die fossilen Insecten. Leipzig.
Koehler, F. 1826. Ueber den Libellulit von Solenhofen. Zeit. fiir
Mineral., II, 231-233.

Linden, P. L. van den. 1827. Notice sur une empreinte d’insecte
renformee dans un echantillon de calcaire schisteaux de Sol-
lenhoven, en Baviere. Nouv. Alem. Acad. Roy. Soc., Brux.,
4: 245-253.

Martynov, A. V. 1928. A new fossil form of Phasmatodea from
Galkino (Turkestan) and on Mesozoic Phazsmids in general.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (10) 1:319-328.

1930. To the Morphology and systematic position of the family
Palaeontinidse Handlirsch, with a description of a new form from
Ust-baley, Siberia. Annuaire Soc. Paleontol. de Russie, 9:
93-122.

Needham, J. G. 1903. A genealogic study of dragon-fly wing vena-
tion. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 26: 703-764.

1907. Two new genera of ^Kschninae. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 23: 141-144.

Bibliography.

129

Oppenheim, P. 1888. Die Insectenwelt des lithographischen Schiefers
in Bayern. Paleontogr., XXXIV, 215-247.

SCHMIDEL, K. C. 1782. Fortgesezte Vorstellung einiger merkwiirdi-
gen Versteinerungen mit kurzen Anmerkungen versehen.
Niirnberg., pp. 1-45.

ScHROTER, J. S. 1784. Neue Litteratur und Beytrage zur Kenntniss
der Naturgeschichte vorziiglich der Conchylien und Fossilen.
Leipzig, pp. 1-550.

Tillyard, R. J. 1917. Mesozoic Insects of Queensland. No. 2.
The Fossil Dragon-fly TLschnidiopsis (/Eschna) flindersiensis
Woodward, from the Rolling Downs (Cretaceous) Series.
Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, 42 (4): 676-692.

1921. Same, No. 8. Hemiptera Homoptera (cont’d). The Genus
Mesogereon, with a Discussion of its Relationship with the
Jurassic Palaeontinidae. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, 46 (2):
270-284.

1925. The British Liassic Dragon-flies. Publ. Brit. Mus., Foss.
Ins. No. 1 : 1 138.

Walther, j. K. 1904. Die Fauna der Solnhofenen Plattenklake.

Festsch. Geburt. Haeckel, pp. 135-214.

Weyenbergh, H. 1869. Sur les insectes fossiles du calcaire litho-
graphique de la Baviere qui se trouvent au Musee Teyler.
Archiv. Mus. Teyler, 2: 247-294.

1873. Notes sur quelques insectes du calcaire jurassique de la
Baviere. Archiv. Mus. Teyler, 3: 234-240.

1874. Enumeration systematique des especes qui forment la
fauna entomologique de la periode Mesozoique de la Baviere.
Period. Zook, Org. Soc. Ent. Argent., i: 87-106.

1874. Varia zoologica et palseontologica. Period. Zook, Org.
Soc. Ent. Argent., i: 72-1 ii.

IX. A NEW TURTLE FROM THE DUCHESNE OLIGOCENE
OF THE UINTA BASIN, NORTHEASTERN UTAH.

By John Clark.*

During the summer of 1931, the Carnegie Museum field-party under
Mr. J. LeRoy Kay discovered and collected a fossil turtle from the
basal Oligocene of the Uinta Basin, Utah. The specimen was recovered
from two large blocks, which had broken from massive light gray
sandstone weathering brown at the surface. Although the two por-
tions into which the shell had been broken nowhere made contact
with each other, the matrix of the blocks made such broad and
excellent contacts that the shell could be restored exactly as it had
been before the breakage occurred. All through the sandstone were
masses of poorly preserved vegetable matter, including several parts
of leaves, which resembled maple- or oak-leaves; and one small frag-
ment, which Dr. O. E. Jennings, Curator of the Section of Botany,
Carnegie Museum, has identified as either the cone of a sequoia, or
the base of an alder-stem.

Study of the specimen was conducted under the direction of Mr.
0. A. Peterson, Curator of Fossil Mammals, Section of Vertebrate
Paleontology, Carnegie Museum. The author is indebted to Mr.
Peterson and Mr. Kay for assistance and encouragement in the pre-
paration of this paper; to Messrs. L. S. Coggeshall and S. Agostini,
preparators, for advice and assistance in freeing the specimen from
the matrix; to Mr. Sydney Prentice for his patience and skill in making
the drawings; and to Dr. W. J. Holland for assistance in coining the
generic name and for finally revising and editing the paper. Measure-
ments of early Tertiary species of the genera Hadriamis, Stylemys,
and Testiido, used throughout the text, are those published by Hay^
and Gilmore.^ Mr. Barnum Brown of the American Museum of

*Submitted by John Clark, B.S., 1931, University of Illinois, to the Graduate
School of the University of Pittsburgh in partial fulfilment of the requirements
for the degree of Master of Science.

^Hay, O. P. Fossil Turtles of North America. Carnegie Institution of Wash-
ington. 1908.

^Gilmore, C. W. The Fossil Turtles of the Uinta Formation. Memoirs of the
Carnegie Museum, Vol. VII, No. 2, Nov. 1915.

131

132

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Natural History has very kindly made available for comparison the
pelvic girdles of Hadrianus and Testudo, A. M. N. H., No. 1068 and
No. 1160.

Family TESTUDINID^ Gray.

Genus Cymatholcus^ gen. nov.

Cymatholcus longus Clark, sp. nov.

Type: Carapace; plastron; pelvis; pectoral girdle; both sides com-
plete series of caudals; two complete and one partially complete
cervical vertebrae (C. M. Cat. Vert. Foss., No. 11,891).

Locality: ‘‘Hoot Owl Canyon,” fifteen miles southwest of Vernal,
Uinta County, Utah.

Horizon: Duchesne beds, basal Oligocene.

Generic characters: Sulcus between marginal scutes and plastral
scutes strongly looped. Sulcus between costal scutes and marginal
scutes ventral to costo-peripheral suture. Costo-peripheral suture
minutely and openly, but definitely, digitated. Differentiation of
costal bones about midway between that of Hadrianus on the one hand
and of Stylemys and Testudo on the other. Shell longer and higher in
proportion to width than in other genera of the family. Anterior
lobe of plastron with lip conforming to the general contour of the lobe.
Bridge short. Posterior lobe very long. Antero-posterior dimen-
sion of pelvis about equal to width of pelvis across dorsal rims of
acetabula. Pubes long, lateral borders making a very low angle with
the midline. External tail very short or absent.

Specific characters: Lateral border of first vertebral scute flared
anteriorly. Lateral border of third vertebral bracket-shaped. Anterior
border of plastral lip thick, semi-circular in cross-section. Sulci of
plastron deeply incised. Pectoral scutes very narrow, with anterior
and posterior borders parallel. Deep posterior notch in plastron.
Epipubes long antero-posteriorly, narrow transversely. Ischio-pubic
foramina long antero-posteriorly and narrow transversely.

CARAPACE

As seen from the front, the carapace is marked by its gently rounded,
almost vertical sides and its broad, flat top. The flatness is somewhat

^From Kvfj.a = wave; oX.K6<i— furrow.

Clark: A New Turtle from the Duchesne Oligocene. 133

accentuated by crushing over the inguinal buttresses, but anteriorly it
is actual. The anterior opening is broad, and higher dorso-ventrally
than in Stylemys; the lip of the plastron gives the effect of the sides of
the opening being depressed, although the rim of the carapace is al-

Fig. I. Dorsal View of Shell of Cymatholcus longus, Gen. et sp. nov. (C. M.
Cat. Vert. Foss., No. 11,891). 1/6 nat. size.

most straight. The lateral flare produces a marked prominence at the
angle of the free border. The sides of the carapace are so curved that
the upper ends of the peripherals swell out slightly further laterally
than does the marginal keel.

134

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

From a lateral view the arch of the carapace, highest over the
inguinal buttresses, is most apparent. Anteriorly the slope is moderate;
posteriorly it falls away with steepness, which is slightly increased by
distortion of the caudal region. The center of gravity of the mass
seems to fall upon the inguinal buttress rather than the center of the
bridge, which gives the shell an unbalanced appearance. The down-
sloping anterior border continues across the bridge in a strong marginal
keel, deeply indented for the sulci of the bridge marginals, and merges
with the posterior border, which changes its downward course at the
suture between the seventh and eighth peripherals, and slopes upward
to form the posterior flare. The bridge is higher anteriorly than
posteriorly, causing the axillary buttress to slope steeply downward
and only slightly inward, and the inguinal to extend inward rather than
downward.

As seen from below, the outline is decidedly rectangular. The
lateral marginal lines bend inward slightly from both ends to the sulci
between marginals five and six, which are situated at the narrowest
point of the carapace. The plaster restoration of the median section
of the anterior rim has a straight border; it is very possible that the
border was somewhat recurved to the mid-line, but as there is no
evidence in either direction the simpler line was used. Certainly the
border did not project anterior to the line of the restoration.

The carapace is much longer in proportion to its width than in the
case of the either early Tertiary genera of the Testudinidce. Measure-
ments show the proportion of width to length to be 62.6 per cent in
this specimen; 72.3 per cent to over 85 per cent in Stylemys; 83.3 per
cent {Testudo uintensis) to 91 per cent (T. brontops) in the pre-Miocene
species of Testudo; and 68.5 per cent (estimated, Hadrianus tumidus)
to 83 per cent {H. majusculus) in Hadrianus.

Due to the absence of the nuchal and pygal regions, the widespread
obliteration of the sutures, and a ferruginous coating, the removal of
which often entailed removal of the bone-surface, very little can be
determined about the bony structure of the carapace. Costals three
and four and peripherals from one to eight are distinguishable; about
half of the bridge-suture and most of the costo-peripheral suture can
be traced definitely.

The costo-peripheral suture is situated about half-way between the
plastron and the top of the carapace, and is thrown into open digita-
tions approximately i mm. long. It differs thereby from Stylemys

Clark: A New Turtle from the Duchesne Oligocene. 135

and Hadrianus, in which^ “the rounded border of each peripheral
joins the similar border of a neighboring costal.” In Hadrianus,
Stylemys, and the Oligocene species of Testiido, the costo-peripheral
suture follows closely the costo-marginal sulcus. In the specimen at
hand the suture is from 8 to 13 mm. higher than the sulcus along the
sides of the carapace; at the sutural angle between the nuchal, first
peripheral, and first costal, it is 33 mm. higher; and at a point 29 mm.
lateral to the angle it is 52 mm. higher. The first peripheral of S.
capax and of H. corsoni rises considerably above the dorsal sulcus, of
the first marginal of those species, so that the height of the first
peripheral is at most a specific and not a generic character.

Costals three and four reveal a degree of differentiation, which is
intermediate between that of Hadrianus on the one hand and of
Stylemys and Testudo on the other. The third costal is decidedly
wedge-shaped, but the fourth costal is almost rectangular. In H.
majusculus there is no appreciable differentiation in the third and
fourth costals. Costal three of H. corsoni loses distally about 25 per
cent of its proximal width, and costal four loses about 8 per cent.
Costal three of Cymatholcus longus narrows distally 43 per cent, and
costal four expands 16 per cent. Hay gives no measurements for S.
nebrascensis, but says^ “the degree of this differentiation differs some-
what in individuals, and in general is not so well developed as in S.
conspecta and capax." Costal three of S. cofispecta loses 58 per cent
of its proximal width and costal four gains 100 per cent; eostal three of
S. capax narrows by 45 per cent of its width; and costal four expands
48 percent. In T. hr onto ps, costdd three narrows 27 per cent; costal
four expands 60 per cent; in T. laticunea costal three widens .05 per
cent; costal four widens 113 per cent.

In regard to the peripherals there is very little that need be said.
The free borders are acute, with a noticeable flare at the antero-
lateral angle and a strong flare over the hind legs. The suture be-
tween the peripherals and the plastron is irregular, but its general
trend is in a straight line. About half of the bridge is plastral and half
peripheral. The bridge is so deeply furrowed for the sulci of the mar-
ginals that the intervening spaces look inflated, resembling in this
respect T. hrontops.^ The angle between the nuchal, first peripheral,

^Hay, O. P. Fossil Turtles of North America, p. 370.

^Hay, op. cit., p. 387.

®Hay, op. cit., p. 398.

136

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

and first costal is outside the lateral sulcus of the first vertebral scute;
a characteristic which is regarded as being of specific significance.

The scutes are represented by half of vertebral three, costals one,
two, and three; and marginals two to nine on the right side, and
marginals nine through twelve on the left side.

Fig. 2. Lateral View of Shell of Cymatholcus longus Gen. et sp. nov. (G. M.
Cat. Vert. Foss., No. 11,891). 1/6 nat. size.

A small but very interesting bit of the border of vertebral one is also
preserved. Starting from a broken edge at a point 61 mm. from the
midline and 60 mm. from the vertebro-marginal sulcus, it extends down-

Clark: A New Turtle from the Duchesne Oligocene. 137

ward and slightly inward 36 mm. to a point 57 mm. from the midline
and 23 mm. from the vertebral-marginal sulcus. Making at this point
an angular turn outward, it extends 30 mm. to its junction with the
vertebral-marginal sulcus 75 mm. from the midline and 23 mm. mesial
to the sulcus between marginals one and two. This angulated expan-
sion is unparalleled among the other early Tertiary TestudinidcB,
and is apparently characteristic of this species.

Vertebral three is approximately as long as it is wide. The anterior
sulcus extends postero-laterally from the midline in a curve which is
convex anteriorly and reverses its convexity near its junction with the
vertebral-costal sulcus. The vertebral-costal sulcus is shaped like a
printer’s bracket, ( ). It possesses no differences from correspond-

ing scutes in specimens of Stylemys and Testudo, other than slight
features subject to individual variation.

The costals are simple, separated from each other and from the
marginals by sulci, which are almost straight and possess no dis-
tinctive characteristics.

The marginals are highly specialized, and form one of the chief
bases for erection of the genus. As the inter-marginal sulci pass over
the marginal keel of the carapace they are curved forward, and recurve
below the keel. The sulcus separating the axillary scute from marginal
four parallels and lies immediately posterior to the externo-anterior
border of the axillary buttress for its entire length. Just above the
axillary notch, a short sulcus demarcates the boundary between the
axillary and the plastron. From the junction of these two, the plastro-
rnarginal sulcus swings antero-dorsally in a sharp curve, and gradually
works postero-dorsally until it reaches its highest point, the junction
with the sulcus between marginals four and five, when it is running
directly posteriorly. The inter-marginal sulcus continues its postero-
ventral course (becoming, of course, plastro-marginal), and makes an
open curve slightly more ventrally located than the first curve. It
passes postero-dorsally to a high point considerably less dorsal than
the first, and about 20 mm. anterior to its junction with the sulcus
between marginals five and six, and thence in an undulating line,
lowest where crossed by the suture between peripherals five and six,
to its junction with the sulcus between marginals six and seven. The
inter-marginal sulcus, continuing plastro-marginally, is convoluted
into two reversed S curves just before it reaches the border of the in-
guinal buttress, which it does about 30 mm. above the inguinal notch.

138

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

The general effect is as if the rectanguloid marginals were set en
echelon, the antero-distal corner of each projecting over the plastral
portion of the bridge.

PLASTRON

Fig. 3. Ventral View of Shell of Cymatholcus longus, Gen. et sp. nov. (C. M.
Cat. Vert. Foss., No. 11,891). 1/6 nat. size.

The plastron has unfortunately undergone such extensive fracturing
of the anterior lobe that many important characters are lost. The

Clark: A New Turtle from the Duchesne Oligocene. 139

sutures are coalesced so completely that parts of the epi-hyoplastral
and hypo-xiphyplastral are all that remain. The right bridge has been
faulted, forcing that side of the plastron about 65 mm. dorsally; the
left is uncrushed.

The plastron is long, relatively narrow, and massively built. Pos-
terior to the pectorabdominal sulcus it is decidedly concave, so the
individual was probably a male.

In its general features the anterior lobe strongly resembles that of
Stylemys. It is sharply upcurved anteriorly, and the lip is confluent
with the general contour of the lobe, as in Stylemys. Transversely
the lobe is flat, or very slightly convex downward. As nearly as can
be determined, the lip is short, rather wide, and thicker and more
rounded at its anterior border than is the case in Stylemys. The
lateral borders of the lobe are bevelled from the dorsal side to an acute
edge, while the rim of the lip is 14 mm. thick and semi-circular in
cross-section. Back of the lip, the epiplastra are 25 mm. thick, and at
the humero-pectoral sulcus the hyoplastra have a thickness of 15 mm.
The length of the anterior lobe is 73.4 per cent of its width, which
corresponds closely to the proportions in various other species of the
Testudinidee.

The bridge in Cymatholcus is remarkably short — only 228 mm. from
the axillary notch to the inguinal notch. Gilmore^ has computed the
proportion of length of bridge to length of plastron in all the speci-
mens available to him and has arrived at the following percentages:
Hadrianus, 38 per cent; Stylemys, 49 per cent; Testudo, 44 per cent.
Cymatholcus has the bridge 37 per cent of the total length of the plas-
tron, 656 mm. If, as Hay^ states, the Testudinidce have tended to
elongate the bridge at the expense of the posterior opening of the
shell, then in this character Cymatholcus is very primitive. This is
to be expected from its stratigraphic relations to Stylemys and Testudo,
but forms a marked contrast to the specialization evident in the
carapace.

The concavity of the plastron between the bridges produces a strong
ventral swelling extending from the axillary to the inguinal notches.

As might be expected from the shortness of the bridges, the pos-
terior lobe is very long. Using the measurements of Hay and Gil-
more as a basis for comparison, the proportion of length to width is

’^Gilmore, op. cit., p. 155.

®Hay, op. cit., p. 370.

140 Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

60.8 per cent to 65.6 per cent in Hadrianus\ about 56 per cent in
Stylemys; and 45.9 per cent to 60 per cent in the Oligocene species of
Testudo. In Cymatholcus longus the proportion is 75 per cent.

The lobe is massively yet beautifully constructed. The borders
taper gently backward toward their intersection with the femoral
anal sulcus, narrow sharply to the intersection, then continue parallel
to their former course to the tips of the xiphyplastra. The terminal
notch is deep, and the free borders of the xiphyplastra curve slightly
to the subacute terminations of the bones. The lateral borders of the
lobe are at the inguinal notches planes 45 mm. high and almost verti-
cal. Posteriorly they warp to the dorsal surface of the plastron, and
bevel the xiphyplastra to acute lateral edges. Meeting on each tip a
plane which bevels the border of the notch, they form on the dorsal
surface of each tip a low median ridge, concave antero-dorsally. The
ventral portion of the lobe covered by the anal scutes is convex antero-
dorsally, while that covered by the femorals is noticeably concave
antero-dorsally and strongly so transversely. A ridge extends around
the dorsal rim of the lobe from the inguinal buttresses to the midline,
where it dies out. Cupped in the posterior curve of this ridge is an
ovoid swelling, measuring 70 mm. antero-dorsally and 102 mm. trans-
versely.

As has been mentioned, the sutures of the plastron have been almost
entirely obliterated. The epihyoplastral suture meets the border of the
plastron 137 mm. from the free edge of the lip, and extends postero-
mesially for 52 mm. to a fracture, making an angle about thirty degrees
posterior to a straight transverse line. As there is at the point where
it is broken no sign of the epientoplastral suture, the entoplastron can-
not have been more than 144 mm. (twice the distance from the fracture
to the midline) wide, and was probably somewhat less.

The sutures between the hypoplastra and the xiphyplastra show near
the midline. They are somewhat less curved than is the case in the
other genera of the family, forming an almost straight transverse line.

In contrast to the weak expression of the sutures, the sulci are deeply
grooved and, except around the axillary notch, are strikingly evident.

On inspecting the plastron, the character most immediately ap-
parent is the tabular shape of the pectoral scutes. Their anterior and
posterior sulci are parallel transverse lines, continuing 29 mm. apart
as if plotted with instruments, to the points where the pectorals flare
over the anterior portions of the bridges. The figures of Hay show

Clark: A New Turtle from the Duchesne Oligocene. 141

this character developed in Testudo farri, T. oshorniana, T. impensa
T. orthopygia, and to a lesser extent in Hadrtanus tumidus, H. schuch-
erti, Stylemys conspecta, and S. capax, so it must be considered a char-
acter of specific and not of generic importance.

The abdominal scutes are rather long. The femoral-abdominal sulcus
is convex posteriorly, with its intersection with the midline as its most
posterior point. The femoral scutes are trapezoidal, with the midline
and the almost parallel lateral borders as bases, and the posteriorly
convex abdominal-femoral sulci and the anteriorly convex femoral-anal
sulci as sides. The anals are irregularly quadrilateral and have
curved edges; they are of medium size. A small axillary scute is
present, covering the anterior border of the axillary buttress and not
reaching the ventral or lateral surfaces of the bridge. Whether or not
there was an inguinal scute cannot be determined.

VERTEBRAL COLUMN

The portions of the vertebral column which have been preserved
are: one partial and two complete cervical vertebrae; part of the first
thoracic vertebra with the hea'ds of the first, second, and third ribs;
and the complete series of caudals, lacking only the anterior portion
of the first caudal and the left side of the first six.

Fig. 4. Cervical Vertebrae of Cymatholcus longus. (C. M. Cat. Vert. Foss.,
No. 11,891). About 4/5 nat. size. (Shown from the right)

Judging from the nature of their zygapophysial articulations, the
cervical vertebrae represent numbers four, five, and six, or numbers

142

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

five, six, and seven. The centrum of the foremost vertebra is concave
anteriorly and convex posteriorly; the middle vertebra has its centrum
concave anteriorly. The anterior portion of the last vertebra is so
closely appressed to the posterior portion of the second that it was
thought better not to separate them, so the characters of those por-
tions of their centra cannot be determined.

Each of the three vertebrae has heavy transverse processes arising
from the anterior terminal portion of the centrum. These are closely
associated with the pedicles forming the bases for the almost vertical
prezygapophyses, which are supported along their anterior edges by a
flare of bone from the anterior end of the neural arch. This arrange-
ment forms a deep concavity, open dorsally and posteriorly, for
reception of the postzygapophyses of the preceding vertebra during
flexion of the neck. A strong ridge extends from the transverse pro-
cess posteriorly to the antero-ventral rim of the intervertebral foramen.

The postzygapophyses extend backward almost parallel to the cen-
trum and their articular facets are set facing laterally and only a
little ventrally. A ridge extends from the lateral side of the post-
zygapophysis antero-ventrally over the lateral wall of the neural arch;
in the anterior-most vertebra it joins the dorsal portion of the trans-
verse process; while in the middle vertebra it fades out immediately
after leaving the postzygapophysis.

A very slight, threadlike ridge lies along the midline of the neural
arch, on the foremost vertebra flanked for the posterior third of its
course by narrow depressions, which in turn are bordered laterally by
small ridges, which diverge posteriorly and extend out on the dorsal
surfaces of the postzygapophyses. In the middle vertebra the median
ridge coalesces with the flanking ridges about midway along the
neural arch, leaving a shallow median depression, triangular in shape,
which has for its base the posterior rim of the neural arch.

A narrow, prominent ventral keel follows the midline for the an-
terior two-thirds of the length of the centrum. The posterior part of
the centrum of the anterior vertebra is so badly crushed that its
characters cannot be determined accurately, but in the middle vertebra
the keel terminates in a rather deep triangular depression, which has
its apex directed anteriorly.

The right prezygapophysis and a fragment of the centrum of the
first thoracic vertebra have been preserved. Dimensions are given in
Table IX.

Clark: A New Turtle from the Duchesne Oligocene, 143

The three ribs present show an advanced stage of the reduction
described by Hay^ as one of the features of the evolution of the Testu-
dinid(E. The first and second ribs are strong, and fused for most of
their free length, forming an admirable, arched support for the cen-
trum of the first thoracic vertebra. The third rib, which is almost
certainly typical of all the ribs save the first two and the tenth, is so
reduced that the shaft is but 5 mm. wide and 2.5 mm. thick. Hay^°
mentions a specimen of Testudo radiata with a shell 305 mm. long,
in which the rib-heads are ‘Very slender blades 5 mm. thick hori-
zontally and 2 mm. high.” Since the specimen at hand has a carapace
more than twice as large as that of Hay’s T. radiata, reduction of the
rib-heads to the same actual size would mean a proportionate reduc-
tion twice as great. Although in his monograph Hay gives no meas-
urements for Hadrianus and Stylemys, it is safe to assume from his
statements regarding these genera^^ that the reduction in Cymatholcus
is carried much further than in Hadrianus, and is at least equal to
that in Stylemys.

The sacrum is represented by a few fragments, too battered to merit
description, which adhere to the left ilium.

Fig. 5. Caudal vertebrae of Cymatholcus longus. (C. M. No. 11,891). One-
half natural size.

The tail is composed of nineteen vertebrae. It was enmatrixed in
death pose, with the first caudal abutting against the sacrum.

The shortness of the tail is worthy of note. The vertical height
of the pelvis is 175 mm.; the length of the tail is 210 mm. From the
nature of the articulations of the anterior caudals it is apparent that

^Op. cit., p. 369.
p. 369.
p. 369.

144 Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

the maximum downward curvature possible during life would not
suffice to bring the tip of the tail ventral to the dorso-posterior border
of the plastron. Moreover, as the anal portion of the posterior lobe
of the plastron is contained within the flare of the carapace, rather
than being ventral to it, the skin of the anal region must have stretched
horizontally, so that the external tail was at most a tiny protuberance
and very possibly was not present at all.

Hay’s figures of the distal end of the tails of Testudo oshorniana^^
and T. orthopygia^^ show the caudals expanded to support the dermal
armor; the tapered caudal termination of Cymatholcus obviously is
not constructed to furnish support. As one dermal bone was found
with the shell there is no doubt that Cymatholcus possessed this.
This is added evidence for the absence of an external tail.

Caudals numbers one, two, and three resemble one another; num-
ber two is best preserved. It has the transverse process short and
heavy, ending in a tuberosity. The neural arch is high, and flat on
the dorsal surface, and the inter- vertebral foramina are large.

From caudal number four to number nineteen, the vertebrae are
similar, differing from the first three in having lower neural arches
and long, tapering transverse processes. Number nineteen is merely
a terminal button. The transverse processes are separated from the
centra by definite articular surfaces, as in the modern Testudo radiata.
Hay’s figures of the caudals of T. orthopygia^'^ show the transverse
processes continuous with the centra, and he does not mention the
matter in his description, so the status of this character is not clear.
The position of the transverse process is at the anterior part of the
centrum in caudal number six. In the more distal vertebrae the pro-
cess shifts posteriorly; it is attached about in the middle of the cen-
trum of caudal number nine. It is attached at the rear of the centrum
of caudal number ten, and distal to number ten each process articulates
partly with the succeeding vertebra.

PECTORAL GIRDLE

The shoulder-girdles are powerfully, but gracefully proportioned,
and exhibit the two characters described by Hay^^ as typical of the

cit., p. 427.
p. 445.

^^Op. cit., pp. 445-446.

^^Op. cit., p. 370.

Clark: A New Turtle from the Duchesne Oligocene. 145

Testudinidce, i.e., an expanded coracoid and a procoraco-scapular
angle of more than ninety degrees. Hay has figured the shoulder-
girdle for those species where it is known, but in his monograph he
has made no attempt to describe it for any members of the family.
From comparison with his illustrations and with the shoulder-girdle
of Hadrianus corsoni (A. M. N. H., No. 1068), it apparently seems
that the shoulder-girdle of Cymatholcus longiis possesses no generic
characters exclusively its own.

Fig. 6. Anterior view of left side of pectoral girdle of Cymatholcus longus.
(C. M. No. 11,891). One-half natural size. S, scapula; PC, precoracoid; C,
coracoid.

The lateral side of the scapula is enlarged into a supporting pillar,
which flattens as it extends dorsad and is expanded at its tip into the
dorsal termination of the bone. The termination is elongated ovoid in
cross-section, with the long axis running anteromesially to postero-

146

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

laterally. A rounded eminence arises from the anterior moiety of the
termination, embraced posteriorly by a comma-shaped depression
with the tail of the comma pointing mesially. There is a slight, but
distinct, recurve in the lower part of the pillar, before it flares out as
the dorsal rim of the glenoid cavity. For the ventral half of its course
the pillar is flanked mesially by a gradually widening flange of bone,
flat posteriorly and broadly concave anteriorly, which merges in a
sweeping curve with the precoracoid.

Fig. 7. Posterior view of left side of pectoral girdle of Cymatholcus longus.
(C. M. No. 11,891). One-half natural size. S, scapula; PC, precoracoid; C,
coracoid.

The precoracoid is very elongated, with a cross-section ovoid in
outline for its entire free length. The bone is twisted so that the long
axis of the cross-section is vertical near the glenoid cavity and almost

Clark: A New Turtle from the Duchesne Oligocene. 147

horizontal at the median termination, the ventral edge curving out and
becoming anterior and the dorsal edge swinging posteriorly as they
approach the median tip. On the anterior face of the precoracoid a
triangular concavity with its base meets the similar concavity de-
scending the scapula; the two together form a broad, depressed area
with apical tongues extending along the shafts of the bones. On the
posterior surface of the precoracoid just mesial to the glenoid cavity,
the ventro-laterally directed apex of a sharp triangular prominence
forms the dorsal border of the facet for articulation with the coracoid.
The precoracoid terminates medially in a simple rounded end, with a
slightly expanded rim.

S

Fig. 8. Inferior view of left side of pectoral girdle of Cymatholcus longus.
(C. M. No. 11,891). One-half natural size. S, scapula; PC, precoracoid; C,
coracoid.

From a massive head forming the ventral part of the glenoid cavity,
the coracoid narrows to a short neck and then flares to a wide, almost
flat blade. The head is thickened dorsally by a heavy protuberance
bearing a dorsolaterally directed facet for articulation with the facet
of the precoracoid. The neck of the coracoid is directed away from
the precoracoid at an angle of about sixty degrees, but the expansion
of the coracoid blade is so great that its anterior border approaches
the medial end of the precoracoid at a low angle. The blade of the

t

148

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

coracoid is not a true plane; its anterior third is warped very slightly
dorsally, and its postero-mesial angle is a little depressed.

The glenoid cavity is in outline a narrow rectangle with semicircles
replacing the short sides. The scapular-precoracoid portion is almost
twice as long as wide and is gently concave longitudinally and trans-
versely. The coracoid portion is almost circular, with a broad, convex
rim and a small central concavity, and is set at an angle of about one
hundred twenty degrees to the scapular-precoracoid portion.

PELVIC GIRDLE

A casual inspection suffices to make evident the marked differences
between the pelvic structure of Cymatholcus longiis and that of the
other Testudinidce. First, the pelvis is very high dorso-ventrally, and
its length is slightly greater than its width. In all the specimens
figured by Hay the width, measured across the ilia at the dorsal rim
of the acetabula, is much greater than the length, measured from the
anterior tips of the pubes to the posterior rim of the ischia. The
pelvis of Hadrianus corsoni (A. M. N. H. No. 1068) is 113 mm. wide
and 87 mm. long. The width of a pelvis of Testiido laticunea (A. M.
N. H. No. 1160) is 108 mm., and its length is 95 mm. The measure-
ments given b}^ Hay for Testudo vago^^ are: width, 120 mm.; length,
58 mm. For Testudo impensa^^ his measurements are: width, 276
mm.; length (measured by me from his illustration, op. cit., p. 435),
192 mm. The pelvis of a specimen of Stylemys in the Carnegie Mu-
seum (Cat. Vert. Foss., No. 1515) has the following dimensions:
width 131 mm.; length, 105 mm. In Cymatholcus longus the width
is 145 mm., and the length is 150 mm. Secondly, the pubes, anterior
to the ischiopubic foramina, are very broad, and their lateral borders
make angles of about fifteen degrees with the midline, while in all of
Hay’s illustrations the angle is forty-five degrees, or greater. Finally,
the pelvic elements are so thoroughly ankylosed, that it is difficult
to perceive the symphyses, whereas the specimen of Stylemys at hand
and many specimens figured by Hay have the symphyses loose and
the bones somewhat separated. While the extensive ankylosis in the
present specimen is unquestionably due in part to the advanced age of
the individual, it is probable that the union of the pelvic elements was

^^Op. cit., p. 416.
p. 435-

Clark: A New Turtle from the Duchesne Oligocene. 149

always closer than was the case in the other early Tertiary Testudinidce.

The ilium resembles that of Stylemys nehrascensis. It is heavy,
and has an anterior pillar, which is continuous with the ascending

Fig. 9. Ventral view of pelvic girdle of Cymatholcus longus. (C. M. No.
11,891). One-half natural size. I, ilium; P, pubis; IS, ischium.

buttress of the pubis. The dorsal border has a wide posterior flare;
the flare curves inward, as in Stylemys. The length of the ilium is less
than the antero-posterior length of the pelvis, while in Stylemys the
two are almost the same, and in Testudo vaga the ilium is the longer;
however, this difference is due rather to the lengthening of the pelvis
of Cymatholcus than to any iliac peculiarity.

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

150

The ischium is very massive. A short, flat bar with an acute an-
terior edge and a rounded posterior edge extends from the postero-
ventral portion of the acetabulum to the main ischiac mass. The
anterior ischiac process, meeting the posterior pubic process to form
the ischiopubic bar, is very short and heavy. Its cross-section is an
isosceles triangle with the sides concave outwardly. The main por-
tions of the ischia are ankylosed to form a posteromedian mass.

Fig. 10. Lateral view of right side of pelvic girdle of Cymatholcus longus. |

(C. M. No. 11,891). One-half natural size. I, ilium; P, pubis; IS, ischium. j

deeply excavated posterodorsally, and possessing a strong, acute I

ventral keel along the midline. The posterior border is deeply arched ;

downward, and lies in a plane almost parallel to the plane of the f

ascending pubic buttresses. The free tips of the ischia are small, j

conical, and acute. The ischiac symphysis is set at an angle of about j

one hundred and ten degrees to the line of the pubic symphysis. |

Each pubis consists of four parts; a laterodorsal ascending buttress;

'I

Clark; A New Turtle from the Duchesne Oligocene. 151

a lateroventral epipubis; a medio-anterior expanded blade; and a
medioposterior pubo-ischiac process.

Posteriorly the ascending buttress expands into the pubic portion
of the glenoid cavity; anteriorly it rises to blend with the anterior
pillar of the ilium. For the ventral half of its course, the anteromedial
border of the buttress is acute, extending as a ridge, which rapidly
merges with the dorsal surface of the blade of the pubis. The antero-
internal rim of the ischiopubic foramen curves behind this ridge and
flattens against the inner surface of the buttress.

The epipubis is of medium length, having a cross-section more
nearly flat than that of Hadrianus corsoni, and is rather long antero-
dorsally. It is inclined about thirty degrees from the vertical, and is
directed slightly forward. Its distal termination is very slightly
expanded anteroposteriorly.

The pubo-ischiac process of the pubis is longer and slenderer than
the corresponding process of the ischium. Starting near its anterior
portion is a median ventral keel, increasing posteriorly, which con-
tinues on the ischiac process as the ventral ischiac keel. The ischio-
pubic foramina, which are encircled by the ischia and the parts of the
pubes just described, are ovoid in outline and of medium size.

The blade of the pubis is long anteroposteriorly and very thin.
The median symphysis is elevated in a prominent dorsal carina. The
tips of the pubic blades are situated latero-anteriorly, so that there is
between them a wide and deep notch. Anteriorly there is a poorly
ossified, poorly preserved extension of the blades, which seems to
represent an ossified cartilage. This has been omitted from all measure-
ments of the bones of the pelvis and its measurements have been placed
in Table VIII, so that anyone, considering it a portion of the pelvis
proper, may by adding its measurements to those given arrive at what
he would conceive to be the correct pelvic dimensions. It seems
highly unlikely that in an individual so old, in which all of the other
parts are thoroughly ossified and some are ankylosed, the anterior
portion of the pubes would remain partly cartilaginous. On the other
hand, it is extremely probable that in such an individual several of
the cartilages would be partly calcified and in the present case this
offers apparently the more logical interpretation.

The acetabula are trilobate; the pubic portion of the acetabulum is
demarcated by marginal notches deeper than that which separates
the iliac from the ischiac. The sutures are completely obliterated.

52

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Although the difficulties of determining evolutionary affinities of a
genus from the study of one individual are evident, it appears that
Cymatholcus possesses such decisive characteristics, that I feel justi-
fied in stating what seems to be its most probable relationship to the
other genera of the Testudinidce. It is to be hoped that future col-
lections may establish beyond doubt the phylogeny of this interesting
group.

RELATIONS

Hay^^ and Gilmore^^ regard Hadrianus and Testudo as being closely
related, using the shape of the anterior plastral lobe as a character
separating these genera from Stylemys. The anterior lobe of the
plastron of Cymatholcus closely resembles that of Stylemys in the
configuration of the lip to the general outline of the lobe. It is logical,
therefore, to assume that Hadrianus and Testudo belong to one
phylum^® of the Testudinidce\ Stylemys, and Cymatholcus to another.
Hay’s genus Achilemys differs from both these groups in having no
epiplastral lip.

It is clear, however, that Cymatholcus is to be regarded not as
ancestral to Stylemys, but rather as related to the latter genus through
a common ancestral stock. This idea is supported by the develop-
ment of certain specializations not found in Stylemys. The long,
narrow outline of the carapace, the digitate costoperipheral suture,
the elaborately looped marginoplastral sulcus, the high degree of
reduction evident in the third rib, and the long, narrow pelvis are
specializations along lines, in all of which Stylemys is less developed.

As has been quoted previously. Hay believes that one of the tenden-
cies of Testudinate evolution has been the lengthening of the bridge
posteriorly. The axillary buttress of Cymatholcus rises slightly upon
the first costal: the inguinal buttress does not cross the costoperipheral
suture, and due to obliteration of the sutures, it cannot be determined
whether the buttress rises toward costal five or costal six. However,
the proportionately short bridge and very long posterior plastral lobe
are made apparent by inspection and measurement.

It is possible that in this case retention of a primitive character

^^Op. cit., pp. 374-386. ^

^^Gilmore, C. W., Fossil Turtles of the Uinta Formation, Mem. Cam. Mus.,
Vol. VII, No. 2, Nov. 1915, p. 154.

^‘^Using the word '‘phylum" as it is employed by Prof. H. F. Osborn in his mono-
graph on the Titanotheres. (U. S. G. S. Monograph 55).

Clark: A New Turtle from the Duchesne Oligocene. 153

was distinctly to the advantage of the race. The long posterior free
space gives the animal room for a powerful stride, and the lung space
provided in the high, arched shell suggests that Cymatholcus was
able to move swiftly and easily. The sturdy, beautiful construction
of the skeletal elements, particularly the pelvis, is in agreement with
this idea. As the posterior lobe of the plastron is within the flare of the
carapace, the posterior limbs must have been situated almost under
the body rather than lateral to it, which also represents an adaptation
for more efficient movement on land.

The Eocene and basal Oligocene ancestors of Stylemys are yet to be
found. Forms transitional between the ancestral Stylemids and the
rather highly specialized Cymatholcus should occur not later than the
lower Eocene.

TABLE I

CARAPACE.
General Proportions.

Length . .

Width of bridge

Length, anterior to axillary notches

Width across axillary notches

Greatest width anterior to bridge

Width across inguinal notches

Greatest width posterior to bridge

Length posterior to inguinal notches

Height, marginal keel to top of shell (Plus about 50 mm. short due to crush-
ing)

Approximate height of anterior opening

Width, narrowest point along marginal keel (Sulcus between marginals five

and six)

Length of bridge .

690

432

195

290

420

30s

440

280

275

90

404

250

*

TABLES

(Note) :

1. Ail measurements are in millimeters.

2. Measurements with a possible error of more than five and less than ten
millimeters are starred.

Measurements with a possible error of more than ten millimeters are given
as approximations.

3. In the carapace, the length of an element is its proximodistal extent, and
its width is circumferential. Length is measured along the anterior border.

4. In the plastron, length of all elements is measured anterodorsally ; width is
measured transversely.

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

154

TABLE II

CARAPACE. PLATES.

COSTALS.

No.

Length

Width, proximal

Width, distal

3

235*

72*

41

4

235*

84*

98

Peripherals

No.

Length

Width, proximal

Width, distal

I

95

66

2

lOI

40

113

3

98

70

93 along margin,
1 16 extreme

4

90

88

68

5

112

82

93

6

134

91

64

7

131

55

85

8

138*

10

no

54

93

II

105

TABLE III
CARAPACE. SCUTES.
Vertebral Number 3

Length, antero-

posteriorly lateral border

midline

142

155*

Width, transversely

posterior border

medially

116*

152

CoSTALS

No.

Length Width, proximal

Width, distal

I

(Same as width 205

229

proximal)

2

204 150

150

3

215 133

152

Clark: A New Turtle from the Duchesne Oligocene. 155

Marginals

No. Length Width, proximal Width, distal

I

2

53

66

95

3

73

64

98

4

65

88

88 along marginal keel

5

117

87

73 along marginal keel

6

154

92

70 along marginal keel

7

199

75

82 along marginal keel

8

125

37

79

9

108

54

88

10

99

50

95

II

98

56

71

12

88

74

78*

Posterior

12 100

TABLE IV

PLASTRON. GENERAL PROPORTIONS.

Extreme length . .656*

Length along midline 612*

Length of anterior lobe 210*

Width at base of anterior lobe 286

Length of bridge 228

Width midway along bridges 426

Length of posterior lobe 209

Width at base of posterior lobe 278

Length of lip (approximate) 80

Width of lip, posteriorly (approximate) 130

Thickness of lip, posteriorly (approximate) 50

Length of posterior notch 45

Width of posterior notch 109

TABLE V

PLASTRON. PLASTRAL BONES.

XiPHYPLASTRON

Length along midline 124

Length along lateral edge 165*

Approximate width at anterior end 120

156

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

TABLE VI

PLASTRON SCUTES.

Pectoral

Length

Width

at midline

jto axillary notch

I to border of marginals

Abdominal

fat midline

Length ventral swelling at bridge

Width, anterior

(at midline

Length lateral border

Width, anterior

Length at midline

Anterior border

Posterior border. .

Lateral border

Femoral

Anal

TABLE VII

SHOULDER GIRDLE.
Scapula

Length, to rim of glenoid cavity

T-.. , , . I antero-posterior

Distal expansion (

[transverse

Length to angle of precoracoid

Scapular-precoracoid angle

Precoracoid

Length to rim of glenoid cavity

Length to angle of scapula

^ • .u- 1 antero-posterior

Free termination <

[dorso- ventral

Coracoid

Length of external border

Length of anterior border

Length of internal border

Length of blade l^'^terior

[posterior

Length, glenoid cavity to blade

Thickness of neck, dorsoventrally

Thickness of neck, anteroposteriorly

29

146

186

174

163

199

109

158

132

58

94

73

76

155

21

33

125

115*

76

90

30

16

■7-

95

82

89

50

61

17

Clark: A New Turtle from the Duchesne Oligocene.

57

Glenoid Cavity

Length (straight line) 51

Length, scapular-precoracoid 38

Length, coracoid 24

Width, scapular. 25

Width, coracoid. 28

TABLE VIII

PELVIS.

General

Tip of prepubis to dorsal border of ilium (measured vertically) 175

Width across iliac rims of acetabula .145

Width between tips of epipubes. 124

Width between antero-dorsal tips of ilia. . i34*

Extreme length of pelvis 150

Ilium

Length to pubo-iliac symphysis. 100

Length to ischio-iliac symphysis. 96*

Length of dorsal border . 68*

Antero-posterior thickness of neck 29

Mesio-lateral thickness of neck ii

Ischium

Length along midline i

(Ventral

Length from ischio-iliac symphysis to posteromedial termination of ischium ,
Distance between posterior tips of ischia

Distance from midline to posterior tips ventral

Postero dorsal

Free length of posterior tips . . .

Transverse measurement of ischiopubic symphysis

59

46

74

64

65*

42

17

27

Pubis

Width just anterior to epipubes 75

Width across anterior tips of pubes 44

Length of symphysis (dorsal) 75

Distance from anterior pubo-ipipubic angle to anterior tip of pubis 51

Distance between bases of ascending pillars 39

Proximo-distal length of epipubes 30

(Posterior 37

Antero-posterior length of epipubis at neck 22

Antero-posterior length of epipubis at distal termination. 26

Mesio-lateral thickness of epipubis. ii

Length of pubis along midline from ascending pillars to pubo-ischiac sym-
physis 28

158

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Acetabular Cavity

Tip of iliac rim to pubo iliac symphysis 38

Tip of iliac rim to ischio iliac symphysis 24

Tip of ischiac rim to ischio iliac symphysis 14

Tip of ischiac rim to ischio pubic symphysis 19

Tip of pubic rim to pubo iliac symphysis 26

Tip of pubic rim to pubo ischiac symphysis 23

Iliac tip to pubic tip 50

Iliac tip to ischiac tip 37

Pubic tip to ischiac tip 36

IscHiopuBic Foramina

Antero posterior dimensions 39

[Left 41

Transverse dimensions J 3i

[Left 27

Distance between foremost points on rims 56

Distance between hindmost points on rims r 43

Distance between lateral borders 73

Ossified Cartilage

Length at midline 22

Length at pubic tips 15

TABLE IX

VERTEBRAL COLUMN.

Anterior Cervical Vertebra

Length of centrum 51

Length of neural arch along midline 34

Distance from anterior tip of prezygapophysis to posterior tip of postzyga-

pophysis 60

Width of anterior face of centrum 17

Width of posterior face of centrum (approximate) 15

Height of posterior intervertebral foramen 7

Length (antero-posterior) of posterior intervertebral foramen ii

Width across prexygapophyses 26

Width across postzygapophyses 25

Middle Cervical Vertebra

Length of centrum 46

Length of neural arch along midline 31

Distance from anterior tip of prezygapophysis to posterior tip of postzyga-

pophysis 49

Width of anterior face of centrum 13

Width across prezygapophyses 28

Width across postzygapophyses 24

Clark: A New Turtle from the Duchesne Oligocene. 159

Posterior Cervical Vertebra
No significant dimensions preserved.

First Thoracic Vertebra

Length of centrum 20*

Transverse distance between tip of prezygapophysis and anterior rim of

centrum 18

Length of prezygapophysis anterior to the anterior epiphysis of the centrum. . 12

First Rib

Free length 25

Anterior-posterior length of head 15

Dorso- ventral thickness of head (approximate) 4

Second Rib

Free length 34

Antero-posterior thickness of head 23

Dorso- ventral thickness of head (approximate) 6

Antero-posterior thickness of shaft 10 mm. from point of fusion with costal

plate 14

Dorso- ventral thickness of shaft 10 mm. from point of fusion with costal
plate 7

Third Rib

Free length 36

Antero-posterior thickness 10 mm. from centrum 5

Dorso-ventral thickness 10 mm. from centrum 2.5

Antero-posterior thickness 5 mm. from point of fusion with costal plate 12.5

Dorso-ventral thickness 5 mm. from point of fusion with costal plate 2*.o

CAUDAL SERIES

Length 210

Second Caudal Vertebra

Length of centrum 17

Length of neural arch 25

Width of neural arch (approximate) 13

Height of neural arch 15

Height of centrum (posterior) 1 1

Length of transverse process (approximate) 1 1

Height of intervertebral foramen (between vertebrae i and 2) 10

Length of intervertebral foramen (between vertebrae i and 2) 10.2

Seventh Caudal Vertebra

Length of centrum 14

Length of neural arch 16

Width of neural arch 9

Height of neural arch (posterior) 6

i6o Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Length of transverse process 17

Height of intervertebral foramen (between vertebrae 6 and 7) 2.5

Length of intervertebral foramen (between vertebrae 6 and 7) 5.0

Terminal Caudal Vertebra

Length 4

Width anteriorly 3.4

Width posteriorly 2.2

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Hay, O. P. Fossil Turtles of North America. Washington. Car-

negie Institution of Washington, 1908.

Gilmore, C. W. Fossil Turtles of the Uinta Formation. Memoirs of
the Carnegie Museum, Vol. VII, No. 2, November 1915.

X. A NEW ANOSTEIRID FROM THE UINTA EOCENE.

By John Clark.

The specimen here described was collected by Mr. J. LeRoy Kay,
in charge of field-work for the Section of Vertebrate Paleontology,
Carnegie Museum, in 1930. It was found in the Leota Quarry,^
Uinta County, Utah. The study of the specimen was pursued under
the general direction of Mr. O. A. Peterson, Curator of Fossil Mam-
mals, Carnegie Museum. The illustrations are from drawings by Mr.
Sydney Prentice. Mr. Barnum Brown, Curator of Fossil Reptiles
in the American Museum of Natural History, very kindly lent for
comparison the shell of Anosteira ornata (A. M. N. H., No. 6132)
described by Hay.^

Family DERMATEM YDID^E Gray.

Subfamily Anosteirin^ Lydekker.

Pseudanosteira* pulchra, gen. et sp. nov.

Type: Complete carapace, almost complete hyoplastra, hypoplastra,
and anterior extremities of xiphyplastra (C. M., No. 11808).

Horizon: Upper part of Horizon C, Uinta Eocene.

Locality: Quarry L. Leota Ranch, near Green River, six miles
above Ouray, Uinta County, Utah.

Generic characters: Carapace ovate in outline, emarginate an-
teriorly; posteriorly there is a median dorsal carina. Ten pairs of
peripherals, eight pairs of costals, seven neurals. First costal in
contact with first neural only. Fourth costal in contact with fourth
neural only. Neurals highly differentiated; first and fourth octagonal’
second, third, and fifth tetragonal; sixth and seventh hexagonal.
Costals ornamented with obsolete transverse ridges; peripherals with
pustules and acute vermicular ridges. First vertebral scute bisected

^See Ann. Cam. Mus., Vol. XX, Plates IV, X.

^Hay, O. P. Fossil Turtles of North America. Carnegie Institution of Wash-
ington, 1908. pp. 279-281.

*^evSo? = false; avo?T€ipa= Name of a genus of fossil turtles set up by Prof.
Leidy.

161

1 62 Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

anteriorly by a median sulcus, posteriorly by the anterior end of the
second vertebral scute. Second vertebral scute embraced posteriorly
by the antero-lateral tips of the third vertebral scute. Fourth vertebral
scute very much reduced. Fourth costal scute bordered by third,
fourth, and fifth vertebral scutes. Plastron, so far as known, as in
Anosteira ornata.

In its general features, the carapace resembles that of Anosteira
ornata (A. M. N. H. No. 6132). Its outline is broadly oval, with a
shallow anterior emargination ; a strong median carina rises as a
blunt, posteriorly directed spine on the third and fourth neurals, and
continues almost to the free border of the pygal. The shell is almost
twice as large as that of A. ornata, and seems to be less highly arched,
but crushing in all the specimens makes the latter character difficult
to determine. The sculpture is like that of A. ornata, but is much less
clearly expressed, especially upon the costals and the plastron, which
are almost smooth.

Examination of the bony structure of the carapace reveals a degree
of specialization much greater than in the case of Anosteira. The
sutures between the first and second costals meet the first neural about
one-third of its length from its posterior end, rather than meeting the
anterior part of the second neural. The suture between the second
and third costals is continuous on the left side with the suture between
the second and third neurals, and on the right side meets the second
neural immediately anterior to its posterior suture. The fourth neural
receives, near its anterior end, the sutures between the third and fourth
costals, and near its posterior end the sutures between the fourth
and fifth costals. The sixth neural receives the sutures between the
fifth and sixth costals and the seventh neural receives the sutures
between the sixth and seventh costals, as in Anosteira. The first and
fourth neurals are octagonal; the second, third, and fifth are tetra-
gonal; and the sixth and seventh are hexagonal. The nuchal, supra-
pygal, and peripherals are similar to the corresponding bones in
Anosteira. As in Anosteira, the free borders of the anterior peripherals
are rounded and sub-acute, while the borders of the posterior peri-
pherals are acute.

In marked contrast to the condition of the bony plates, the scutes
are much more primitive than those of Anosteira, and present the key
to certain formerly little understood trends of specialization of the
Anosteirid epidermal armor.

I

Clark: A New Anosteirid from the Uinta Eocene. 163

The first vertebral scute resembles that of Anosteira in all im-
portant respects. The second vertebral scute, which has lost its
identity in Anosteira, thrusts the median spike of its helmet-shaped
anterior end between the lateral wings of the divided first vertebral
scute as far as the posterior part of the first neural. The wings of the
first vertebral extend back to a point two-thirds of the length of the
second vertebral toward its posterior end. The posterior termination

Fig. I. Dorsal View of Shell of Pseudanosteira pulchra; sp. nov. ( C. M. Cat.
Vert. Foss., No.ii, 808) K nat. size.

of the second vertebral scute is convex, set firmly in the median
anterior socket of the third vertebral. The third vertebral scute is
very long, extending from the fourth neural back almost to the an-
terior suture of the eighth costal bones; it is met at its widest point by
the sulcus between the second and third costal scutes and more pos-
teriorly by the sulcus between the third and fourth costal scutes.

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

164

The fourth vertebral is reduced, almost extinct. It is a small, rec-
tangular scute, with its anterior third resting upon the seventh costal
plates and its posterior two-thirds upon the eighth costal plates. The
fifth vertebral scute is triangular with curved borders, and is wider
than is the corresponding scute in A. ornata.

Fig. 2. Ventral View of Shell of Pseudanosteira pulchra, sp. nov. (C.M. Cat.
Vert. Foss., No. 11,808) ^ nat. size.

The costal scutes are simple; the changes in their relationships to the
various vertebral scutes has been caused entirely by modification of
the vertebral series.

Hay, referring to Anosteira ornata (A. M. N. H. No. 6132) says^
"From this and other specimens it becomes quite certain that (the
costo-marginal sulci) ran along the upper borders of the peripherals,
just below the costo-peripheral sutures.” I have not found satis-

^Hay, O. P., op. cit., p. 280.

Clark: A New Anosteirid from the Uinta Eocene. 165

factory evidence in Hay’s specimen, and certainly there is none in
Pseudanosteira, for supposing that the costo-marginal sulci ran
otherwise than coincident with the costo-peripheral sutures. There-
fore, the costo-marginal sulci of Pseudanosteira may be supposed,
until evidence is found to the contrary, to be coincident with the
costo-peripheral sutures. The '‘other specimens” which Hay men-
tions may have furnished him with good evidence for Anosteira, but
this does not have bearing upon the condition in Psetidanosteira.

The marginal scutes possess no distinctive characteristics.

The nuchal scute is narrower antero-posteriorly than the nuchal of
Anosteira and is contained within the borders of the nuchal plate
rather than reaching them laterally, as does the nuchal scute of
Anosteira.

The portion of the plastron which has been preserved resembles the
corresponding plastral region of Anosteira ornata in all its significant
characters.

Through the anatomical characteristics which have constituted the
subject of the foregoing description, Pseudanosteira illuminates several
points formerly not understood in the phylogeny of the Anosteirids.

That the neural series is more highly developed than the neural
series of Anosteira and Pseudotrionyx is obvious. Dr. Leidy’s first
description of the type material of Anosteira or?iata^ is brief, is not
accompanied by illustrations, and is necessarily limited by the frag-
mentary nature of his specimens. In 1873 he' published^ a more
complete description, in which he says the “vertebral plates of the
carapace are narrow coffin-shaped,” which may mean anything from
tetragonal to octagonal. However, his illustration shows neurals
numbers three, four, five, and six as hexagonal, while number seven
is pentagonal, exactly as those bones are shaped in A. M. N. H. No.
6132®. Moreover, in both Dr. Leidy’s specimens and Dr. Hay’s,
each neural is met at its lateral angles by the sutures demarcating the
anterior borders of its accompanying costals. In his description of the
type of Pseudotrionyx (which Hay considers closely related to Ano-
steira), Dollo says,'^ “quatre plaques vertebrales hexagonales, dont

Teidy, Joseph. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1871, p. 102.

Teidy, Joseph. Contrib. Ext. Fauna West. Terrs. 1873., p. 175, Plate XVI.

®See Hay, O. P., op. cit., p. 280 and Plate 43.

'^Dollo, M. L. Bull. Musee Roy. D’Hist. Naturelle de Belgique. Vol. IV, 1884.
“Premiere Note sur les Cheloniens du Bruxillien {Eocene Moyen) de La Beligique,’’
p. 92, and Plates I and II.

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

1 66

chacune est comprise entre quatre plaques costales, la plus posterieur
etant saisie entre les plaques Ce et C7 droites et gauches” — a charming
description of exactly the condition which exists in Anosteira. To
recapitulate briefly the specializations in Pseudanosteira, the sutures
between costals one and two, between costals two and three, and be-
tween costals four and five, have migrated anteriorly so that they
meet in each case the posterior part of the neural preceding their own;
while neurals one and four have become octagonal, neurals two, three,
and five have become tetragonal, and neural seven has become
hexagonal.

As both Pseudotrionyx and the specimens of Anosteira in which
the median portion of the carapace is known occurred in beds no
higher than the middle Eocene, were it not for the epidermal peculiari-
ties of the present specimen, one might suppose that the differentiation
of the neural and costal bones was merely the development to be
expected within a phylum^ in a considerable period of time, and that
the specimen represents an advanced species of Anosteira.

The fact that the vertebral scutes of Pseudanosteira are much less
highly specialized than those of Anosteira indicates definitely that the
two are members of different phyla, which separated long before
Bridger times; the one developing a highly specialized epidermal armor
and retaining a primitive arrangement of bones {Anosteira), while
the other retained the more primitive epidermal structure and modi-
fied the bones of the carapace {P seudanosteira) .

Hay’s discussion of the process of development of the vertebral
scutes in Anosteira^ gives the most logical order of events in the light
of the evidence available to him. The present specimen, however,
makes necessary important modifications of his ideas.

Hay believed that “the first and second normal vertebrals have
coalesced.” The anteriormost vertebral of Pseudanosteira is de-
veloped almost exactly as is the corresponding vertebral of Anosteira,
and it embraces with its posterior wings the second vertebral, which
lies in a position homologous to that of what Hay considered the
anterior extension of vertebral three. Apparently, then, the normal
second and third vertebrals of Anosteira have coalesced, while the
wings of the first have extended posteriorly around the second, cutting

®Using the word “phylum” in the sense in which it is employed by Prof. H. F.
Osborn in his monograph on the Titanotheres, U. S. G. S., Monograph 55.

®Hay, O. P., op. cit., p. 281.

Clark: A New Anosteirid from the Uinta Eocene. 167

it off from its normal junction with the sulcus between the first and
second costal scutes. This is borne out by the fact that the anterior
part of the sulcus between the first and second vertebrals of Pseii-
danosteira, and that between the first and coalesced second and
third of Anosteira, still rests on the first neural as in other turtles.

The posterior part of the second vertebral of Pseudanosteira has
extended backward as a median wedge, flanked by the lateral tips of
the third vertebral, which reaches toward the old position of the
intervertebral sulcus on the third neural and costal bones.

The fourth vertebral has been driven from its junction with the
sulci between the third and fourth costal scutes by the backward ex-
tension of the third vertebral, and has been crowded almost to non-
existence against the anterior border of the fifth vertebral. In Ano-
steira, the third vertebral has reached the suture between the seventh
and eighth costal bones, and the fourth vertebral has coalesced with
the fifth, while in Pseudanosteira the third vertebral has not reached
the suture and the fourth vertebral retains its identity.

In brief, modification of vertebral scutes in the Anosteirince has
taken place by the median bifurcation of the first vertebral, the
posterior extension of the first, second, and third, and the partial
suppression of the fourth. In the A^iosteira phylum, the second and
third have coalesced and also the fourth and fifth.

Ever since Dr. Leidy’s original description there has been much
debate, occasionally acrimonious, as to the taxonomic position of the
genus Anosteira. (See papers by Leidy, Cope, Lydekker, Baur,
Boulenger, Hay, and others, referred to in Hay’s Bibliography and
Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrates of North America, 1930, under the
heading '' Anosteiridce" pp. 91, 92.). In his monograph on the Turtles,
Hay gave a definition of the family Dermatemydidce^^ and included
under it the genus Anosteira. Following Baur, Hay in 1902 and again
in 1930^^ included Anosteira in the family Anosteiridce, which he
erected for it. As I see no characters of Anosteira which exclude that
genus from the Dermatemydidae as defined by Hay in 1908, I prefer
at present to consider it a member of that family, as did Gilmore in
1931.^^ As the genus Pseudanosteira is more closely related to Ano-

^°Hay, O. P., op. cit., p. 223.

^^Hay, O. P. Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrates of North
America. First Catalogue, p. 446. Second Catalogue, p. 91.

^^Gilmore, C. W., Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. LIX, Art. IV, 1931,
"Fossil Turtles of Mongolia." p. 217.

i68

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

steira than to any other known genera of the Dermatemydidae, it
seems expeditious to group the two in one subfamily, the Anosteirinae,
a name which was proposed by Lydekker in 1889.^^ My knowledge
of the genus Pseudotrionyx is not sufficient to warrant my including it
within or excluding it from the subfamily Anosteirinae.

TABLE I*
CARAPACE.
General Dimensions

Length along midline 190 mm.

Greatest width (est.) 175 mm.

Height at nuchal rim 42 mm.

Height at dorsal spine 65 mm.

Neural Bones

Greatest

Width at

No.

Length

width

anterior suture

I

19

10

6

2

14

6.8

3-5

3

15

7

6.5

4

18.5

II

7

5

14

7

7

6

14

9

4

7

9-5

Length,

7

Costal Bones

3-3

posterior

3-0

No.

anterior border

Width, proximal

Width, distal

I

29

15-5

33

2

54

19

25

3

70

17

24

4

73

16

25

5

72

22

6

68

15

23

7

56

12

18

8

46

posterior

28

14

17

^Tydekker, R. Cat. Foss. Rept., HI, 1889, p. 143.
*Dimensions in millimeters.

Clark: A New Anosteirid from the Uinta Eocene. 169

Peripherals

Length,

No. anterior border

Width, proximal

Width, distal

I

II (est.)

16 (est.)

21 (est.)

2

II

16

17

3

14 (est.)

21

25

4

19

16

24

5

21

19

21

6

21

22

22

7

20

23

31

8

28

22

29

9

25

20

26

10

25

24

27

posterior

17

Nuchal Bone

Width along

Length along

Length along

anterior rim

midline

lateral border

45 (est.)

25

II (est.)

SupRAPYGAL Bone

Length along midline
25 (est.)

Length of
posterior border
37 (est.)

Vertebral Scutes

Greatest

Length

Width,

Greatest

No.

length

along midline

anterior

width

I

57

32

29

29

2

46

46

14

19

3

55

46

16

28

4

II

9

14

17

5

37 (est.)

37 (est.)

14

58 (est.)

Costal Scutes

No.

Length, anterior

Width, proximal

Width, distal

I

42

66

2

60

36

46

3

61

32

46

4

51

23

32

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

170

Marginal Scutes

No.

Length, anterior Width, proximal

Width, distal

5

22

19 (est.)

23 (est.)

6

21

21 (est.)

23 (est.)

7

20

28

28

8

21

24

30

9

27

18

27

10

24

20

29

II

22

29 (est.)

31 (est.)

Nuchal Scutes

Length along

Greatest antero-

Length along

midline

posterior length

anterior rim

10

14

36

TABLE II

PLASTRON

Width of plastron at bridges 152

Length of plastro-carapace suture 47

Length of lateral hyo-hypoplastral process 52

Length of hyo-hypoplastral suture 71

Length of hypo-plastron at midline 28

Width of posterior lobe at its base 42

7

XI. NEOTROPICAL BATS IN THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

By Colin Campbell Sanborn.^

The collection of unidentified South and Central American bats
belonging to thp Carnegie Museum was loaned to the Field Museum
of Natural History for the examination of certain genera. Represented
in the collection are some very rare genera and species, besides many
records of distributional interest. It was, therefore, thought advisable
to put these data on record in a list of the material. The specimens
are mostly from Costa Rica, Colombia, and Bolivia, with a few from
Venezuela and Brazil, and represent thirty genera and forty-six
species and subspecies. The two hundred and eighty-eight specimens
are preserved in the form of one hundred and eighty-five skins with
skulls, twenty-three skins only, four skulls only, and seventy-six
examples preserved in alcohol.

I wish to thank Dr. A. Avinoff, Director of the Carnegie Museum,
for the privilege of studying and reporting upon this interesting coi-
tion. I am indebted to Dr. Glover M. Allen, Curator of Mammals at
the Museum of Comparative Zoology in Cambridge, Massachusetts,
and to Mr. Gerritt S. Miller, Jr., Curator of Mammals at the United
States National Museum in Washington, D. C., for aid in the identi-
fication of two species. Mr. H. E. Anthony, Curator of Mammals at
the American Museum of Natural History, New York, kindly loaned
the type of Dermonotus suapurensis Allen.

All specimens are skins with skulls, unless otherwise stated. The
Carnegie Museum number is placed in parentheses. The collector’s
name appears at the end of each series of specimens.

ANNOTATED LIST.

Genus Saccopteryx Illiger.

I. Saccopteryx bilineata (Temminck).

Urocryptus bilineatus Temminck, Van der Hoeven’s Tijdschr. Natuurlijk. Gesch.,

u. s. w., 5, 1838-1839, p. 33.

Assistant Curator of Mammals, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago,
Illinois.

171

172

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Colombia: (647) skin only; Bonda (645) June 1898, H. H. Smith;
Mamatoco, Santa Marta (2651-2654, 2658) two males and three
females, August 2, 1913, M. A. Carriker, Jr.

Brazil: Santarem (1904-1910) four males and three females (in
alcohol) Dec. 9, 1909, J. D. Haseman.

2. Saccopteryx leptura (Schreber).

V espertilio lepturus Schreber, Saugethiere, i, 1774, p. 57-

Colombia: Mamatoco, Santa Marta (2650) not sexed (skin only)
July 31, 1913; Fundacidn, Santa Marta (2682) male, Aug. 17, 1913;
Dibulla, Santa Marta (3161) female (skin only) Feb. 21, 1914, M. A.
Carriker, Jr.

Genus Cormura Peters.

3. Cormura brevirostris (Wagner).

Emballonura brevirostris Wagner, Wiegmann’s Arch. f. Naturg., ix, 1, 1843, p. 367.

Costa Rica: El Pozo de Terraba (1595-1596) two males, July 8,
1907, M. A. Carriker, Jr.

Colombia: Don Diego, Santa Marta (3124) male, Jan. 26, 1914,
M. A. Carriker, Jr.

These specimens appear to furnish the first records of this rare
bat from Costa Rica and Colombia.

Genus Diclidurus Wied.

4. Diclidurus albus Wied.

Diclidurus albus Wied, Isis, 1819-1820, p. 1630.

Brazil: Rio Purus, Hyutanahan (5300) female, March 22, 1922,
S. M. Klages.

The forearm of this specimen measures 64 mm.

Genus Noctilio Linnaeus.

5. Noctilio leporinus (Linnaeus).

Vespertilio leporinus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, i, 1758, p. 32.

Bolivia: Santa Cruz de la Sierra (2248) male (ale.) 1909 (?) J.
Steinbach.

Lorearm 86.7 mm.

6. Noctilio albiventer Spix.

Noctilio albiventer Spix, Sim. et Vesp. Brasil., 1823, p. 58, figs. 2-3. I

Brazil: Santarem (1912) male (ale.) Dec. 14, 1909, J. D. Haseman. |
Lorearm 60 mm.

Sanborn; Neotropical Bats in the Carnegie Museum. 173

Genus Chilonycteris Gray.

7. Chilonycteris rubiginosa rubiginosa Wagner.

Chilonycteris rubiginosa Wagner, Wiegmann’s Arch. f. Naturg., ix, i, 1843, p. 367.

Costa Rica: Boruca (1610) female, July 25, 1907, M. A. Carriker,

Jr.

Forearm 62.5 mm.

Genus Pteronotus Gray.

8. Pteronotus suapurensis (Allen).

Dermonotus suapurensis Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 20, 1904, p. 229, Suapure,
Venezuela,

Costa Rica: Boruca (1613) male, July 29, 1907, M. A. Carriker, Jr.
This male, compared with the type which is a female, is a few shades
darker throughout and is externally slightly larger. The skulls agree
very closely in size and shape, but the mandible of the male is six milli-
meters longer than that of the female. This is the first specimen
taken outside of Venezuela. In Dr. Allen’s Venezuela series (Bull.
Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 30, 1914, p. 265), the males appeared to be
a little smaller than the females.

Genus Micronycteris Gray.

9. Micronycteris megalotis megalotis (Gray).

Phyllophora megalotis Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (i), 10, 1842, p. 257.

Colombia: Bonda (662, 667) Nov. 30, 1898, Jan. 6, 1899, Mrs.
H. H. Smith; Aguachicha, Magdalena (3877) male, (3878) male (skin
only) July 19, 1916; El Tambor, Santander (3940) male, Nov. 26,
1916; La Colorada, Boyaca (3966) female, (3967) male (skin only)
April 27, 1917; Jaraquiel, Bolivar (3603-3604) one male, one not
sexed, March 3, 1916, M. A. Carriker, Jr.

Genus Xenoctenes Miller.

10. Xenoctenes hirsutus (Peters).

Schizostoma hirsutum Peters, Monatsb. Akad. Berlin, 1869, p. 396, no exact lo-
cality.

Micronycteris hirsutum Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), 2, 1898, p. 318, Pozo
Azul, Costa Rica.

Xenoctenes hirsutus Miller, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 57, 1907, pp. 124-125, gen.

nov.

174

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Colombia: Mamatoco, Santa Marta (2659) female, Aug. 2, 1913,
M. A. Carriker, Jr.

This appears to be the fourth known specimen of this bat and the
only skin and skull in good condition, the other specimens being in
alcohol. It is also the first record for Colombia.

The upper parts are dull brown, the hairs of the upper back, shoul-
ders, head, and sides of neck with light gray bases; those of the lower
back and rump of uniform color to bases. The underparts are brown-
ish-gray, a little darker on the throat.

The short tail is not well marked in the membrane. The identity
of the specimen has been confirmed by Dr. G. M. Allen.

Measurements (from dried skin): total length 90 mm.; length of
interfemoral membrane 26 mm.; tibia 21 mm.; foot with claw 12
mm.; calcar 9.7 mm.; forearm 42.7 mm.; pollex, metacarpal 8 mm.,
first phalanx 6 mm.; second digit, metacarpal 30.3 mm., first phalanx
5 mm.; third digit, metacarpal 35.4 mm., first phalanx 17 mm., second
phalanx 18 mm.; fourth digit, metacarpal 36.1 mm., first phalanx
13.9 mm., second phalanx 7.5 mm.; fifth digit, metacarpal 38.5 mm.,
first phalanx 14.5 mm., second phalanx ii mm. (Ear and nose-leaf
dampened before measuring). Ear, from meatus 22 mm., greatest
width 14.5 mm., from crown 15 mm.; height of tragus 6.4 mm., great-
est width 2.3 mm.; nose-leaf, height 6.7 mm., width 4.6 mm.

Skull: total length 22.6 mm.; condylo-basal length 20.1 mm.;
palatal length 9.7 mm.; zygomatic width 11.5 mm.; interorbital width
4.7 mm.; width across M^ 7.2 mm.; mastoid width 9.7 mm.; length
upper tooth-row C-M^ 8.8 mm.; length lower tooth-row C-M3 9.5
mm.; length of mandible 14.6 mm.

Genus Lonchorhina Tomes.

II. Lonchorhina aurita Tomes.

Lonchorhina aurita Tomes, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1863, pp. 81-84.

Bolivia: San Matais (1890) male (ale.) June 8, 1909, J. D. Hase-
man.

This bat has been represented previously from the West Indies
(three specimens), from Panama (seven specimens), and Venezuela
(three specimens). A subspecies, L. a. occidentalis Anthony, known
from one specimen, is found in Ecuador. This specimen from Bolivia,
while well south of the known range of the species, agrees with de-
scriptions and with a skull from Venezuela. It was caught in a cave

Sanborn: Neotropical Bats in the Carnegie Museum. 175

near San Matais with four Anoura geoffroyi and one Carollia per-
spicillata.

A few years ago the Field Museum of Natural History received a
skin and skull of this bat from Alto Parnahyba, Maranhao, Brazil,
which extends the range to the east. The specimen is typical in all
but one respect; the second lower premolar is crowded inward from
the tooth-row so that the first and third premolars are in contact.
This may be individual variation.

Genus Phyllostomus Lacepede.

12. Phyllostomus hastatus (Pallas).

Vespertilio hastatum Pallas, Spicil. Zool., 3, 1767, p. 7.

Bolivia: Prov. del Sara (2755-2756) male and female; (2757)
male (skin only) May 17, 1913; (2767) male (skin only) July 14,
1913; Buenavista (2729) male, Jan. 22, 1911, J. Steinbach.

13. Phyllostomus hastatus subsp.

Colombia: Rio Atrato, Soatata (4434-4437) four females, Jan. 23,
1918; Mamatoco, Santa Marta (2665-2677) four males, eight females,
and one not sexed, Aug. 3, 1913, M. A. Carriker, Jr.

14. Phyllostomus verrucosus Elliot.

Phyllostomus verrucosus Elliot, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 18, 1905, p. 236.

Costa Rica: Boruca (1617) female, July 29, 1907, M. A. Carriker,

Jr.

Formerly known from Mexico only.

Genus Trachops Gray.

15. Trachops cirrhosus (Spix).

Vampyrus cirrhosus Spix, Sim. et Vesp. Brasil., 1823, p. 64.

Colombia: Rio Atrato, Soatata (4440) male, Jan. 23, 1918, M. A-
Carriker, Jr.

Genus Chrotopterus Peters.

16. Chrotopterus auritus (Peters).

Vampyrus auritus Peters, Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1856, p. 415.

Bolivia: Prov. del Sara (2170) female. May 30, 1910; Rio Dolores,
Prov. del Sara (2761-2762) male and female, Oct. 2, 1911; Surutu,
Santa Cruz (4968) female (skin only) Oct. 5, 1917, J. Steinbach.

176

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

The following collector’s notes on the labels are of interest: “In
camp house;” “A number, six specimens, together in a hole of termite
house in a palm tree.”

Genus Glossophaga Geoffroy.

17. Glossophaga soricina (Pallas).

V espertilio soricinus Pallas, Misc. Zool., 1766, p. 48.

Colombia: Jaraquiel, Bolivar (3605) male, March 3, 1916; Agu-
achicha, Magdelena (3879) female, July 19, 1916, M. A. Carriker, Jr.

Venezuela: Santa Lucia, Miranda (6042-6044) three females,
Aug. 18, 1929, H. J. Clement.

Brazil: Para (2780, 2782) male and female, Jan. 1914, J. Steinbach.
Bolivia: Santa Cruz de la Sierra (1945) female, July 21, 1909;
(2229) male (ale.) 1909, J. Steinbach.

18. Glossophaga longirostris longirostris Miller.

Glossophaga longirostris Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1898, p. 330.

Colombia: Tagauga (839-840) male and female, June 22, 1899,
Mrs. H. H. Smith; Mamatoco, Santa Marta (2655-2656, 2663-2664,
2679, 2681) three males, three females, Aug. 2, 3, 1913, M. A. Car-
riker, Jr.

19. Glossophaga elongata Miller.

Glossophaga elongata Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 13, 1900, p. 124.

Curasao: Savonet (2687) female (skin only) May 12, 1911,
M. A. Carriker, Jr.

Genus Anoura Gray.

20. Anoura geoffroyi Gray.

Anoura geoffroyi Gray, Mag. Zool. Bot., 2, 1838, p. 490.

Bolivia: San Matias (1897-1900) three males, one female (ale.)
June 8, 1909, J. D. Haseman.

This appears to be the first time this species has been recorded from
Bolivia.

Genus Carollia Gray.

21. Carollia perspicillata perspicillata (Linn seus).

Vespertilio perspicillatus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., Ed. lo, i, 1758, p. 31.

Colombia: Rio Atrato, Soatata (4424-4433) three males, seven
females, Jan. 23, 1918; Mamatoco, Santa Marta (2657, 2660-2662,

Sanborn: Neotropical Bats in the Carnegie Museum. 177

2678, 2680), two males, four females, Aug. 2, 3, 1913, M. A. Carriker,
Jr.; Bonda (832) female, Apr. 23, 1899, H. H. Smith.

Brazil: Para (2781) female, Jan. 1914, J. Steinbach.

Bolivia: Prov. del Sara (2159-2160) male, female, Oct. 29, 1909;
(2161-2163) three males; (2164) female (skin only) Nov. 3, 12, 1909;
(2200) female. Sept. 24, 1910; (2728) not sexed (skin only) Jan.
1911; Santa Cruz de la Sierra (1955) male, Aug. 3, 1909; (2228, 2230)
male, female (ale.) 1909 (?); Buenavista (2799) male (ale.) Sept. 1911;
(5190) male, no date, J. Steinbach. San Matais, (1891) male (ale.)
June 8, 1909, J. D. Haseman.

Genus Sturnira Gray.

22. Sturnira lilium (Geoffroy).

Phyllostoma lilium Geoffroy, Ann. du Mus. 15, 1810, p. 181.

Bolivia: Santa Cruz de la Sierra (1944) male, July 20, 1909;
(1956) female, Aug. 3, 1909; Prov. del Sara (2171, 2173) male, female.
May 31, June i, 1910; Buenavista (2796-2797) two males, Jan. and
Oct., 1911, J. Steinbach.

Collector’s note: “In house.”

Genus Uroderma Peters.

23. Uroderma bilobatum Peters.

Uroderma bilobatum Peters, Monatsb. Akad. Berlin, 1866, p. 394.

Colombia: Bonda (835-836) male and female. May 24, 25, 1899;
Cacagualito (642-643) not sexed. May 13, 17, 1899, H. H. Smith;
Minca, Santa Marta (2620) male, June 27, 1913, M. A. Carriker, Jr.

Venezuela: Santa Elena, Merida (5303) male, Aug. 17, 1922,
M. A. Carriker, Jr.

Costa Rica: Boruca (1632-1638) two males, five females, Aug.
12-13, 1907; Miravalles (1519) male. May 27, 1906, M. A. Carriker, Jr.
Bolivia: Buenavista (2730) male, April 25, 1911, J. Steinbach.
Dr. Knud Andersen described Uroderma bilobatum thomasi (Ann.

I Mag. Nat. Hist., 1906, (7), 18, p. 419), from two very large specimens
from Bolivia. The one Bolivian specimen in this series is no larger
than bilobatum. Uroderma appears to be a rare genus in Bolivia, if
i we can judge by the single specimen collected by Jose Steinbach.

I The Field Museum has never received any among the many bats he
sent in. ^

The large Uroderma can be paralleled by specimens of three other
genera from Bolivia with exceptionally large forearms: Myotis nigricans
(C. M. No. 5256) forearm 41.4 mm.; Carollia perspicillata (C. M.

178

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

No. 2753) forearm 46.2 mm.; Saccopteryx hilineata (F. M. N. H. No.
21,475) forearm 50.5 mm. Only the Carollia has a skull and it is but
slightly larger than the average.

It seems that very large individuals tend to develop in the high-
lands of Bolivia, and it is possible that Uroderma b. thomasi repre-
sents specimens of this sort. Further specimens from Bolivia are
needed, however, to settle the question.

Genus Vampyrops Peters.

24. Vampyrops lineatus (Geoffroy).

Phyllostoma lineatum Geoffroy, Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 1810, p. 180.

Bolivia: Santa Cruz de la Sierra (1940-1942) three males, July,

16, 1909; Buenavista (2731-2733, 2736) three males, one female.
May 6-8, 1911, J. Steinbach.

Genus Artibeus Leach.

25. Artibeus planirostris planirostris (Spix).

Phyllostoma planirostris Spix, Sim. et Vesp. Brasil., 1823, p. 66.

Venezuela: El Cantado, Miranda (6039-6041) male, two females,
July 26, 1929; San Rafael (6333) female, Nov. 5, 1929, H. J. Clement.

26. Artibeus planirostris fallax Peters.

Artibeus fallax Peters, Monatsb. Akad. Berlin, 1865, pp. 355-357.

Brazil: Santarem (1913) female, Dec. 19, 1909, J. D. Haseman. j

27. Artibeus jamaicensis jamaicensis Leach. |

Artibeus jamaicensis Leach, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Z06I., 13, pt. i, 1821, p. 75. j!

Costa Rica: Buenos Aires (1649) female, Aug. 30, 1907, M. A.
Carriker, Jr. j

28. Artibeus jamaicensis lituratus Lichtenstein. i

Phyllostomus lituratus 111., Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl. Berlin, Mus., 1823, p. 3.

I

Bolivia: Prov. del Sara (2147, 2154-2157) male, four females; I
(2158) female (skin only) Oct. 29, 1909; (2167) juv. male, Apr. 14, '

1910; (2235) male. May 8, 1911; Santa Cruz de la Sierra (2232-2236)
male and four juvs. (ale.) 1909, J. Steinbach. I

The juvenal male (2167) is in the dark, almost black pelage. Con- j:
trary to Andersen’s findings in the jamaicensis-group, this specimen |

Sanborn: Neotropical Bats in the Carnegie Museum. 179

has a small upper third molar. The second upper molar does not have
the characteristic notch of planirostris, however, but does have the
strong emargination of the hinder margin of the tooth typical of
jamaicensis.

29. Artibeus sp.

Colombia: Rio Atrato, Soatata (4438-4439) Jan. 23, 1916, M. A.
Carriker, Jr.

Too young to classify.

30. Artibeus watsoni Thomas.

Artibeus watsoni Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), 7, 1901, pp. 542-543.

Costa Rica: Buenos Aires (1644-1646) two males, one female,
Aug. 26, 1907; Boruca (1605, 1616) male and female, July 24, 30,
1907, M. A. Carriker, Jr.

31. Artibeus anderseni Osgood.

Artibeus anderseni Osgood, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser. 10, No. 14, 1916, p. 212,
Porto Velho, Brazil.

Bolivia: Buenavista (2734) female. May 6, 1911, J. Steinbach.
This specimen is a little older than the type and topotype and is
slightly larger in the length of the forearm and skull. The Field
Museum of Natural History has a skin without skull from the same
locality in Bolivia. These two specimens represent the light and dark
color-phases and their forearms measure 39.3 mm. and 39.5 mm.
respectively. The one skull has a total length of 19. i mm.; zygomatic
breadth 11.7 mm.; length of palate 7.6 mm. It has five lower in-
cisors.

Genus Enchisthenes Andersen.

32. Enchisthenes harti Thomas.

Artibeus harti Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6), 10, 1892, p. 409, Trinidad.
Enchisthenes harti Andersen, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), 18, 1906, p.419; Proc.
Zool. Soc. Lond., 1908, pp. 221-224.

Venezuela: Petare, Merida (6035) female, July 19, 1929, J. H.
Clement. ^

This appears to be the second specimen recorded and represents a
new locality for the genus.

Color: Above “bone brown,’’ more blackish on shoulders. Under-
parts slightly lighter with a blackish area on chest. Face and head

180

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

to back of ears almost black marked by two narrow “buffy brown”
stripes about 12 mm. long extending from nose-leaf to back of front
margin of ears.

Measurements (taken from dried skin): total length 73 mm.;
forearm 40 mm. Skull: greatest length 20.1 mm.; mastoid width

10.8 mm.; width of brain-case 9.1 mm.; zygomatic width 12.4 mm.;
maxillary width across 8.7 mm.; width across cingula of canines
5.4mm.; mandible to front of incisors 13 mm.; upper tooth-row C-M^

6.8 mm.; lower tooth-row C-M3 7.4 mm. This specimen agrees
fairly well with the type as described, except in the measurements
of the mandible and tooth-rows, which are much shorter.

Genus Desmodus Wied.

33. Desmodus rotundus (Geoffroy).

Phyllostoma rotundum Geoffroy, Ann. Mus. d’ Hist. Nat., 15, 1810, pp. 181-186.

Colombia: Bonda (646, 647) female, and one not sexed, June, 1898
and July 25, 1899, H. H. Smith.

Bolivia: Prov. del Sara (2148-2153) three males, three females,
Oct. 28, 1909, J. Steinbach.

Genus Thyroptera Spix.

34. Thyroptera discifera major Miller.

Thyroptera discifera major Miller, Journ. Mamm., 12, No. 4, 1931, p. 411, San
Julian, Venezuela.

Colombia: Rio Negro, Boyaca (3964-3965) two females, April 2,
1927, M. A. Carriker, Jr.

The forearms of these specimens measure 37.2 and 35.4 mm, re-
spectively which in one is a little larger and in the other is the maxi-
mum given for this measurement by Miller. The skulls appear to
be a trifle longer, but are in poor condition for accurate measurements.
A single skull which was associated with a Saccopteryx b. hilineata
(647) with no data but “Colombia” (probably from Bonda), is re-
ferred to this form.

Genus Myotis Kaup.

35. Myotis nigricans nigricans (Wied).

V[espertilio\ nigricans Wied, Beitrage Naturgesch. Bras., 2, 1826, p. 266.

Colombia: Aguachica, Magdalena (3880) female, July 26, 1916,
M. A. Carriker, Jr,

Sanborn: Neotropical Bats in the Carnegie Museum. 181

Bolivia: Incachaca, Cochabamba (5256) male, Oct. 15, 1921;
Buenavista (2201) male, Sept. 10, 1910; (2804-2805) female and juv.
(ale.), Dec. 1912; (2806-2808) two females, one juv. (ale.) Nov.
1913; (5186, 5194-5195) male, female, juv. (ale.) no date; Prov. del
Sara (2739) male, Jan. 13, 1912; Santa Cruz de la Sierra (1933, 1943)
two males, July ii, 18, 1909; (2231, 2247) two males (ale.) 1909, J.
Steinbach; Sao Antonio de Guapore (1893-1896) four (ale.) July 27,
1909, J. D. Haseman.

Genus Eptesicus Rafinesque.

36. Eptesicus montosus Thomas.

Eptesicus montosus Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9), 5, 1920, p. 363, Choro,
north of Cochabamba, Bolivia.

Bolivia: Prov. del Sara (2738) male, Jan. 3, 1912, J. Steinbach.
The forearm of this specimen measures 38.5 mm. This is smaller
than the type, which measures 43 mm.

37. Eptesicus bahamensis (Miller).

Vespertilio fuscus bahamensis Miller, N. A. Fauna No. 13, 1897, p. loi.

Bahamas: Ft. Charlotte, Nassau, New Providence (1856-1874),
eighteen in alcohol, Jan. 7, 1909, W. W. Worthington.

Genus Dasypterus Peters.

38. Dasypterus ega subsp.

Bolivia: Prov. del Sara (2727) female (skin only) Dec. 6, 1910;
(2743) juv. (skin only) Feb. 22, 1912; Buenavista (2798) female
(ale.) Oct., 1911, J. Steinbach.

Available material is not sufficient to identify these specimens.

Genus Rhogeessa H. Allen.

39. Rhogeessa tumida H. Allen.

R [hogeessa] tumida H. Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1866, p. 286.

Costa Rica: Miravalles (1250) female. May 22, 1906, M. A.
Carriker, Jr.

^ Genus Molossops Peters.

40. Molossops brachymeles Peters.

Molossus (Molossops) brachymeles Peters, Monatsbr. Akad. Berlin, 1865, p. 575.
Peru.

M [o/o550^s] brachymeles Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), 7, 1911, p. 114.

182 Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Bolivia: Villa Bella (1892) male (ale.) Oct. 6, 1909, J. D. Hase-
man.

The forearm of this specimen measures 43.5 mm. which is about
half way between the measurements of M. brachymeles Peters of Peru
(forearm 42) and M. cerastes Thomas (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7),
8, 1901, p. 440) of Paraguay and Southern Brazil (forearm 44-46).
It seems possible that more specimens will show cerastes to be a
synonym of brachymeles. The head is so crushed that only fragments
of the skull could be removed and no measurements were taken.

The external measurements are: total length 117 mm.; tail 41 mm.:
forearm 43.5 mm.; pollex with claw 7.7 mm.; metacarpal, second
digit 40.5 mm.; metacarpal, third digit 40.5 mm., first phalanx 21.8
mm., second phalanx 18 mm.; metacarpal fourth digit 42.9 mm.,
first phalanx 17.5 mm.; metacarpal fifth digit 27.9 mm., first
phalanx ii mm., second phalanx 3.8 mm. Tibia 16 mm.; foot with
claw 10.6 mm.

Genus Tadarida Rafinesque.

41. Tadarida brasiliensis (Geoffroy).

Nyctinomys brasiliensis Geoffroy, Ann. Sci. Nat., Paris, i, 1824, p. 337.

Bolivia: Yungas de Cochabamba (5278) male; (5279-5280) two
males (skins only) May 13, 15, and 19, 1921, J. Steinbach.

Paraguay: Asuncion (1915) male (ale.) March 23, 1909, J. D.
Haseman.

42. Tadarida macrotis (Gray).

Nyctinomus macrotis Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist., 4, 1839, p. 5-6,

Colombia: Tagauga (842, 844) male and female, June 23, 1899,
H. H. Smith.

Genus Eumops Miller.

43. Eumops abrasus milleri (Allen).

Promops milleri Allen, Bull, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist,, 13, 1900, p, 92.

Colombia: Don Diego, Santa Marta (3091-3097, 3108-3111, 3098
skin only), five males, seven females, Jan. 15-19, 1914, M. A. Car-
riker, Jr.

Sanborn: Neotropical Bats in the Carnegie Museum. 183

Genus Molossus Geoffroy.

44. Molossus pretiosus Miller.

Molossus pretiosus Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1902, p. 396.

Venezuela: Santa Lucia, Miranda (6045) female, Aug. 18, 1929,
H. J. Clement.

45. Molossus sinaloge Allen.

Molossus sinaloce Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 22, 1906, p. 236.

Costa Rica: Boruca (1620-1625) male, three females, two juv.,
July 31, 1907, M. A. Carriker, Jr.

46. Molossus obscurus Geoffroy.

Molossus obscurus Geoffrey, Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 6, 1805, p. 155.

Molossus obscurus currentium Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), 8, 1901, p. 438,
Goya, Argentina.

Brazil: Santarem (1911) female (ale.) Dec. 14, 1909, J. D. Hase-
man.

Bolivia: Buenavista, Prov. del Sara (2195-2198) four females. Sept.
22, 1910; (2801-2803) male and three females (ale.) Dec. 1912; (5185,
5187-5189, 5191-5193) two males and five females (ale.) no date;
Prov. del Sara (2178) male, July 25, 1910, (2742) female (skin only)
Jan. 21, 1912; Rio Dolores, Prov. del Sara (2760) male. Sept. 30,
1911, J. Steinbach.

The forearms in this series measure from 39 mm. to 42.7 mm. and
the total length of the skulls from 16.5 to 18.2, covering the range
in size between obscurus and currentium. Dr. G. M. Allen (Bull.
M. C. Z. 52, 1908, p. 59) considered currentium a synonym of obscurus,
but Miller (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 46, 1913, p. 89) later recognized
the species. In view of the great variation in this Bolivian series
I feel that ctirrentium must be regarded as a synonym of obscurus.

47. Molossus crassicaudatus Geoffroy.

Molossus crassicaudatus Geoffroy, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hist., Paris, 6, 1805, p. 156.

Colombia: Jaraquiel, Bolivar (3606-3607) male and female, March
3, 1916; El Tambor, Santander (3945) female, Dec. 13, 1916, M. A.
Carriker, Jr.

Venezuela: Petare, Miranda (6036-6038) three males, July 22,
25, 1929, H. J. Clement.

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Editorial Notes . . 93-96

VIII. Jurassic Insects from Solenhofen in the Carnegie Mu-
seum and the Museum of Comparative Zoology. By

F. M. Carpenter 97-129

IX. A New Turtle from the Duchesne Oligocene of the

Uinta Basin, Northeastern Utah. By John Clark . 131-160

X. A New Anosteirid from the Uinta Eocene. By John

Clark 161-170

XI. Neotropical Bats in the Carnegie Museum. By Colin

Campbell Sanborn . . . . . . .171-183

^ j ( Publications of the Carnegie Museum

Serial No. 158

ANNALS

OF THE

V

CARNEGIE MUSEUM

VoL. XXI, No. 4.

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July, 1933

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ANNALS

OF THE

CARNEGIE MUSEUM

VOLUME XXI, No. 4

Editorial Notes.

This issue of the Annals is devoted to the publication of a very
important monograph by McAtee and Malloch upon the subfamily
Thyreocorince belonging to the family PentatomidcB of the Hemiptera-
Heterocera. It represents the labors of the authors covering a number
of years, in which they have consulted not only all the material con-
tained in the great museums of America, but of Europe. It lays
a secure foundation for future study in this hitherto little investigated
group of insects. It adds one hundred and fourteen new species, sub-
species, and varieties to those hitherto described. Taken altogether
it is the most important contribution which has been made to our
knowledge of a neglected, but interesting, subfamily of the Penta-
tomidce.

The Editor of the Annals for the first time in many years refrained
from taking a vacation during the summer. A measure of physical
infirmity has not prevented him from attending to his editorial duties,
which have consisted in preparing for publication not only this volume
of the Annals, but the Twelfth Volume of the Memoirs, which
embodies the results of Mr. George M. Sutton’s researches on South-
ampton Island. The first part of this volume of the Memoirs con-
taining the Prefatory and Introductory matter, as well as an ex-
tensive Bibliography, was issued from the press on March 28th.
The part relating to the Ornithology of the Island was issued on May
31st, and that dealing with the Mammals on August 4, 1932.

185

186

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

The section of the volume dealing with the Invertebrates and Bot-
any will shortly appear.

It is needless to say that this great work, which embodies every-
thing known up to date in reference to the great island of South-
ampton in Hudson Bay, is a most important contribution to our
knowledge of that hitherto little explored territory, which in size
equals one-half of the state of Pennsylvania. The fauna and flora
of this island are more nearly like that of Baffinland and Greenland
than territories lying westward and even farther north. The islands
and peninsulas, ranging toward the Pole immediately west of Davis
Strait and Baffin Bay, in their climatic conditions are more strictly
arctic, corresponding with Greenland, than the lands drained by the
Mackenzie and Yukon Rivers. The latter, including Alaska, are more
or less affected by the warm currents of the Pacific Ocean running
northward from equatorial regions and corresponding in their action
to the Gulf Stream in the Atlantic, which gives to western Europe its
temperate climate.

Aliss Elizabeth D. Gill, the capable Secretary of the Editor of these
Annals, was absent from the Museum from July 2 to August 26.
She joined the party which sailed from New York on board the “S.
S. Lancastria” for Mediterranean and northern European lands.
She returns full of enthusiasm and pleasant memories of northern
Africa, Ital}^ Scandinavia, and the countries southward. Necessarily
her stay in Madeira, Algiers, Italy, and other countries which she
visited, was brief. The last days of her journey were spent in Paris.
During her visit she took occasion to resort to numerous scientific
institutions, with which her connection with the Carnegie Museum
made her more or less familiar. She brings back pleasant memories
of the Oceanic Institute at Monaco, the museums in Rome, Bergen,
Copenhagen, and Paris. At The Hague the party devoted themselves
imong other things to a visit to The Peace Palace founded by Mr.
Andrew Carnegie, where she was delighted to find a very lifelike bust
of the founder of the Carnegie Museum.

Dr. Avinoff, the Director of the Carnegie Museum, during the past
summer spent about two months in Europe. At Geneva he attended
a meeting of a committee convened by the International Institute for
Intellectual Cooperation for the purpose of organizing an international

Editorial Notes.

187

center of information for museums of science. England, Germany,
France and the United States were represented at the sessions of this
committee, of which Dr. Avinoff was made the Chairman. The other
members of the committee are Sir Henry Flett, Director of the Geo-
logical Museum in London; Dr. Unverzagt, Director of the Museum
of Archeology and Ethnology in Berlin; and Dr. Lemoine, Director of
the Museum d’Histoire Naturelle and the Jardin des Plantes in Paris.
The chief function of the new organization will be to establish a center
of information and documentation upon all questions concerning the
scientific museums of the world, this material to be assembled and
kept at the disposal of interested institutions and individuals upon
request. The center will serve gradually to collect information as to
material possessed by scientific museums; data on technical methods
and practical museology; lists of duplicates, models, casts, and pub-
lications, and a register of specialists in various branches. Through
the medium of such a clearing house of information the exchange of
materials and curatorial services will be greatly facilitated. The
recommendations of this committee were unanimously adopted by
the International Institute. Mme. Curie, as one of the members of
the board, was particularly satisfied with the creation of this new
instrument of international good-will in the realm of science and edu-
cation. It is the hope of the committee that the formation of this
Center of Information for Museums of Science, as it will now be known,
will inspire the formation of national associations of museums in
countries where such unions have not yet been organized. The plan
approved by the Institute was subsequently offered to the considera-
tion of the Entomological Congress in Paris, where representatives of
scientific museums of some twenty countries were present. With a few
additional suggestions the Congress indorsed the plan for the creation
of the center and many of the entomologists pledged their assistance
in the collation of necessary data.

Dr. Avinoff attended the sessions of the Fifth International Ento-
mological Congress as a delegate from the Carnegie Institute and
read a paper comparing the Rhopalocerous Fauna of North America
with that of the temperate regions in the eastern hemisphere. At the
centenary of the Entomological Society of France, which immediately
preceded the Congress, Dr. Avinoff conveyed greetings in the name
of the Museum, the University of Pittsburgh, and the American
Association of Museums. The Entomological Congress adjourned to

188

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

meet in Madrid three years hence, having elected Dr. Ignacio Bolivar
y Urrutia as President of the coming congress.

The field collectors of the Section of Paleontology consisting of Mr.
J. LeRoy Kay, Mr. J. J. Burke, and their volunteer assistant, Mr.
Mather Greenleaf Elliott, resumed the work which has been recently
undertaken in the Lower Oligocene near Vernal, Utah. Their work in
this field continued until the first of July, when, through the liberality
of Mr. George H. Clapp, their further stay in that part of the world
was extended until September. In the interval they have examined the
country for about sixty miles around Vernal as a center and have
secured valuable data as well as some apparently new species.

Mr. W. E. C. Todd and Mr. George M. Sutton volunteered on their
own account to go to Saskatchewan to collect birds. They were
assisted by Mr. Albert C. Lloyd who shortly before their departure
had been sent from the Museum to that region and accompanied Mr.
Todd and Mr. Sutton during their exploration of the prairie region of
that part of the world. The result was a collection of about seven
hundred birds and seventy sets of eggs, some of them hitherto lacking
in our collection. Mr. Todd before his return made a flying visit to
Banff in Alberta, where he succeeded in making some important
observations and collections.

Dr. Tolmachoff, the Curator of Invertebrate Fossils and Mr. R. L.
Fricke during the month of August joined our field party in Utah.
Both made collections which they have returned to the Museum.

The completion of the dam which will result in the ultimate flood-
ing of Pymatuning Swamp prompted special efforts to collect, while
still possible, a good representation of the terrestrial fauna of that
region. The expense of this investigation was partly defrayed by the
Game Commissioners of the State of Pennsylvania. In this connec-
tion we are especially indebted to Dr. S. A. Williams who made the
preliminary arrangements. Mr. Kenneth Doutt took an active part
in supervising the collecting. Mr. Fricke also during April and May
was busy there obtaining specimens to be used in the cases sent out
by the Section of Education to the schools.

Editorial Notes.

189

Mr. M. Graham Netting, Curator of Herpetology, devoted a great
deal of time from the first of May to the first of September in collect-
ing specimens from various localities in Pennsylvania, West Virginia,
and Maryland. He spent two weeks in June teaching on the staff
of the Ogleby Nature Training School. His researches resulted in
securing many new locality records and in extending the ranges of
several species of salamanders and frogs as well as the discovery of a
new species of snail in West Virginia.

Mr. William C. Darrah spent over a month in northwestern Vir-
ginia and southwestern Pennsylvania engaged in collecting and study-
ing the fossil plants of the Permian formations which he was able
to reach.

Mr. Ottmar von Fuehrer went to Mount Rainier National Park and
to British Columbia for the purpose of making studies and collecting
material for one of the botanical groups now in process of construction.

Mr. Ludwig von Fuehrer visited Montenegro and made a collec-
tion of about six hundred specimens of birds, the larger portion of
which is designed to come to the Carnegie Museum.

XII. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY THYREOCORINT:
OF THE PENTATOMIDT: (HEMIPTERA-HETEROPTERA).

By W. L. McAtee and J. R. Malloch of the
United States Biological Survey.

Table of Contents

Introduction

Characters of the subfamily ....
Scope of the subfamily . . . .

Characters for recognition of species and genera

Acknowledgments

Systematic treatment

Key to the genera

Systematic arrangement of the genera
Cenus Galgiipha Amyot and Serville

Key to the subgenera

Systematic arrangement of the subgenera
Subgenus Euryscytus Horvath .

Key to the species

Systematic arrangement of the species .
Description of species ....
Subgenus Bonaria new subgenus

Description of species ....
Subgenus Gyrocnemis McAtee and Malloch
Key to the species .....
Systematic arrangement of the species .
Description of species ....
Subgenus Ctenopoda new subgenus .

Key to the species

Systematic arrangement of the species .
Description of species ....
Subgenus Trepocnemis new subgenus
Description of species ....
Subgenus Orocoris new subgenus

Description of species ....

PAGE

194-201

194- 195

195- 196
197-199

200- 201
201

201- 203
203

203-337

203-205

205- 206

206- 237
206-212

2 1 2- 2 1 3

213- 237

237-238

237- 238

238- 270

239- 245
245

246-270

270- 272

270

271

271- 272

272

272

272- 273

273

191

192

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Subgenus Acrotmetiis Horvath ....

. 273-279

Key to the species

274

Systematic arrangement of the species .

274

Description of species

• 275-279

Subgenus GalgupJia Amyot and Serville

. 279-286

Key to the species

. 279-280

Systematic arrangement of the species .

280

Description of species

. 280-286

Subgenus Microcompstis Horvath

. 286-290

Key to the species ......

286

Systematic arrangement of the species .

286

Description of species

. 287-290

Subgenus Nothocoris McAtee and Malloch

. 290-314

Key to the species

. 291-294

Systematic arrangement of the species .

294

Description of species

• 295-314

Subgenus Psestophleps McAtee and Malloch .

. 314-328

Key to the species

• 315-317

Systematic arrangement of the species .

317

Description of species

. 317-328

Subgenus Pteronomos new subgenus .

• 328-333

Key to the species

. 328-329

Systematic arrangement of the species .

329

Description of species

• 329-333

Subgenus Charoda new subgenus

• 333-334

Description of species

• 333-334

Subgenus Acritophleps McAtee and Malloch .

■ 334-335

Description of species

• 334-335

Subgenus Astiroderma Horvath ....

• 335-337

Key to the species

335

Description of species ....

• 336-337

-enus Cydnoides Malloch

• 338-347

Key to the subgenera

00

Subgenus Cydnoides Malloch ....

. 338-342

Key to the species

339

Systematic arrangement of the species

339

Description of species

• 339-342

Subgenus Sayocoris new subgenus

. 342-345

Key to the species

342

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorinh£. 193

Systematic arrangement of the species . . . 343

Description of species 343-345

Subgeniis Cosmarioides new subgenus . . .. 345-347

Key to the species 345

Systematic arrangement of the species 345

Description of species 345~347

Genus Alkindus Distant 347“350

Key to the species 348

Systematic arrangement of the species . . 348

Description of species ...... 348-350

Genus Amysso?iotum Horvath 350^351

Genus Pericrepis Horvath 35i“354

Key to the species 352

Systematic arrangement of the species . 352

Description of species 352-354

Genus Pruhleria new genus 354~355

Description of species 354“355

Genus Thyreocoris Schrank 355“357

Description of species 356-357

Genus Godmania Horvath 357“358

Description of species 357“358

Genus Allocoris new name 358-388

Key to the subgenera 359

Subgenus Allocoris new name 359“38i

Key to the species 359-362

Systematic arrangement of the species . 362

Description of species 362-381

Subgenus Termapora new subgenus .... 381-382

Description of species 381-382

Subgenus Parapora new subgenus .... 382-388

Key to the species 382

Systematic arrangement of the species . . 383

Description of species 383-388

Subgenus Epipora new subgenus .... 388

Description of species 388

Bibliography 389-392

Appendix i. Notes on the genera Stromhosoma Amyot and

Serville and Carrabas Distant .... 393-395

Appendix 2. Summary of Genera and Species . . . 395-396

194

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

INTRODUCTION.

The present revision is based on the study of a large proportion of
the Thyreocorince, available in the important entomological collections
of the world and has had the advantage furthermore of the availability
of type-specimens in a high percentage of previously described forms.
It has been worked out gradually in our leisure time through several
years, and we trust makes a distinct advance in the elucidation of the
relationships of this subfamily of bugs. None, however, can be more
conscious than the authors, of present defects and shortcomings in
the work nor more aware of the future probability that study of
additional large collections, particularly from little represented neo-
tropical regions, will call for a revision that will make this one seem
elementary.

Characters of the Subfamily

The ThyreocorincB are chiefly black bugs of usually ovoid (Figs.
I, 165, 185, 196, and 229)* and gibbous form (Figs. 224-228) with the
scutellum covering most, or all, of the abdomen. They have a super-
ficial resemblance to certain beetles and on account of their pre-
dominantly black color have been called “negro-bugs.” The tarsi,
beak, and antennae are characteristically pale, but sometimes are
more or less infuscated. Very little is known of the habits of the
species, but we believe that both nymphs and adults are phytophagous,
as they may sometimes be swept in numbers from low herbage and we
know of no records of their being zoophagous. Definite feeding
records, however, are lacking; these bugs are not known to affect
cultivated plants.

The subfamilies ThyreocorincB and CydnincB are distinguished from
other subfamilies of the PentatomidcB by the presence of fringes of
closel}^ set, stiff, bristles at the apices of the mid and hind coxae
(Figs. 3-6), and by the spiracles of the second abdominal segment
being in a membranous anterior strip of the sternite (Fig. 7), not in
the heavily sclerotized portion. Members of these two subfamilies
have tri-segmented tarsi, and distinct tibial bristles, and, with the
exception of the Sehirini, have the trichobothria longitudinally ar-
ranged (Figs. 7, 105, 106, 1 12, and 223) often nearly in line with the
spiracles. The trichobothria, or delicate, pale, sensory hairs (which

*A11 references to figures refer to Plates IV-XVIT.

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorinh?. 195

must not be confused with the strong, dark, lateral bristles which are
frequently present) are two in number on each side of all sternites and
in the other subfamilies of Pentatomidce are arranged transversely, or
nearly so, behind the spiracles (Fig. 259).

The ThyreocorincE may be separated from the Cydnincc by the very
short exposure of the clavus (Figs, i, 165, 185, 196, and 229), which is
briefly triangular and does not extend much beyond the base of the
scutellum; in the Cydnince, on the other hand, it is elongate and reaches
to, or almost to, the apex of the scutellum, with a corresponding pro-
longation of the groove in the side of the scutellum in which it rests
(Fig. 9)-

A noteworthy feature of the hind wing in this group is the small
oval aperture in the anal lobe behind the second anal vein (Fig. 10).
This aperture, when the wing is folded, overlies the swollen base of
Cu2 and is apparently a development coincident with the enlargement
of that portion of the vein. No such aperture is found in Cydnincc
nor CanopincE, and we have been unable to detect it in Thyreocoris,
though in the latter the membrane is remarkably fragile and the base
of Cu2 is moderately incrassated. There is no question about this
aperture in the New World forms being normal, instead of due to
abrasion between the vein and dorsum of the abdomen, many of the
species showing a slight thickening of the margin, and in no case seen
by us was there any irregularity of the edges such as would be ex-
pected were the opening caused by friction.

In the ThyreocorincE there is always an area of smooth chitin be-
hind the eyes on the ventral surface of the head (Fig. ii), while in the
Cydnina, the facetted surface extends to the hind margin of the head
(Fig. 12).

Scope of the Subfamily.

Lethierry and Severin^ include in the Corimelccnida^ the genera
Stromhosoma, Eucoria, Corimelcena, Eumetopia, Alkindus, Cyrtaspis,
ChlcEnocoris, Canopus, Cursula, and Cceyiina. Horvath^ treats the
group as a subfamily ThyreocorincE and separates Cyrtaspis and
Canopus (the last four names above cited are synonyms of Canopus)
as a tribe Canoparia. He puts the remaining genera in a tribe Thy-

’Cat. Gen. Hemip., I, 1893, PP-

^Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungary, 17, 1919, pp. 205-232.

196

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

reocoraria, in which he includes Thyreocoris, Eucoria, GalgupJia and
seven new genera. McAtee and Malloch^ regard Megaris {Cyrtaspis)
and Canopus as each constituting a subfamily coordinate with the
Thyreocorince. In the latter group are here included all of the genera
previously assigned to the complex, except as follows.

The Old World genera Strombosoma Amyot and Serville"^ (Africa)
and Carrahas Distant^ (India), which resemble Thyreocorince have the
trichobothria transversely placed (Fig. 259); they differ also as fol-
lows: corium not surpassing third sternite; metapleurum with ostiolar
canal, but scarcely any ostiolar area; the remaining surface wholly
coarsely punctate. In the Thyreocorince, as restricted for the pur-
poses of this paper, the corium extends to the fourth sternite, or
farther; the metapleurum has a well developed ostiolar area; and the
remainder of its surface is never wholly coarsely punctate.

Lack of material of the genera Strombosoma and Carrabas, and of
certain other forms, which should be considered in defining relation-
ships among Pentatomoidea of similar habitus, prevent us from
being more definite as to subfamily relationships and more specific
as to the content of the group. In Appendix No. i there is pre-
sented further information on Strombosoma and Carrabas, of which
genera several figures also are offered, chiefly through the greatly
appreciated cooperation of W. E. China of the British Museum.

The genus Eumetopia Westwood,® placed in this group by Lethierry
and Severin (Cat. Gen. Hemip., 1, 1893, p. 13), has not been seen by us,
but the venation indicates it is not thyreocorine. The size of the type
species, E. fissiceps, is greater than any of the thyreocorine species
here included, with one exception, and the head structure differs from
anything we have seen, although it would be unique in almost any
group.

With the single exception of Thyreocoris scarabeoides Linnaeus, the
species, which we know and accept as belonging to the subfamily, are
entirely confined to the New World, and except for a few specimens
of the European species, which have been taken by quarantine in-
spectors, the genus Thyreocoris has not been found in America.

^Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 72, Art. 25, 1928.

■‘Hist. Nat. Ins., Hemip., 1843, pp. 64-65.

^Fauna British India, Rhynchota 4, 1908, pp. 421-422.

“Trans. Ent. Soc. Lend., II, i, 1837, pp. 18-19.

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 197

Characters for Recognition of Species and Genera.

Although we have made no special effort to distinguish the species
by means of their internal genital parts, it would appear from those
which we have dissected that these organs yield in at least some cases
good diagnostic characters. In the genus Thyreocoris there are both
external and internal characters in the female which readily dis-
tinguish the genus from all others, the internal portions including two
pairs of long slender hooks (Fig. 13) which have no counterparts in
the other genera, which we have examined. The bases of the posterior
pair of these hooks are visible in unrelaxed examples and divide the
subgenital plates, a character which readily distinguishes the genus
from all others, these latter having the subgenital plates contiguous
or almost so (Figs. 14-16). All the figures above referred to are of
partly expanded genitalia to show the internal portions to some
extent.

The males present characters in the ventrally exposed portion of the
hypopygium, which are frequently sufficient to identify them. The
shape of the hind margin is the most important of these, and it will
be realized that this may vary with the point of view. To illustrate,
hold a sheet of paper in arched form, corresponding to that of a ster-
nite, and look down on the edge. When the axis of the paper at right
angles to the arched edge is horizontal, the edge appears straight; by
tilting the axis the edge may be made to appear either concave or
convex. For this reason descriptions of the venter have been made
with the axis of the insect (not necessarily the lower surface of the
hypopygium) horizontal. On the other hand the dorsal rim has been
described from a point of view perpendicular to its general plane. In
some cases the descriptions and figures have been made from slightly
different points of view and do not exactly agree.

The conformation of the dorsal rim of the hypopygium is of con-
siderable importance for the recognition of species, and is described in
every case. There is always a more or less conspicuous depression in
this dorsal surface, or basin, in which lie the tips of the genital organs,
usually covered by the central disk, but sometimes projecting to a
greater or lesser degree. In order to expose the dorsal rim, it is some-
times necessary to break off the tip of the scutellum, but more often
pressure with a fine needle on the upper surface of the abdomen is
sufficient to depress it far enough to enable one to view the hypopygial

198

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

basin. VVe have dissected the internal genitalia of a number of the
species and the accompanying figures give a fair idea of the specific
distinctions. In the male sex also Thyreocoris seems to stand out from
the others (Figs. 17-18), especially in the nature of the basal parts
and the lateral subbasal process on each side, and, though Allocoris
gilletti and A. interrupta (Figs. 24-26) appear to be rather well dis-
tinguished from A. virilis, A. cognata, and A. extensa (Figs. 27-32),
we have not allowed this to influence us in their generic segregation.
These figures and the others representing the same organs are referred
to by number in the text under the species to which they belong, and
are placed together (Pis. V-VI) merely for purposes of comparison.

The writers did not see Baker’s paper^ on Pentatomid genitalia until
the present was written. He evidently assigned numbers to the ab-
dominal segments after assuming that certain ones were involved in
the formation of the genitalia. We count the segments from base of
abdomen according to the evidence of the spiracles. Our sixth is his
seventh segment. WTat he terms the “genital cup,’’ we call the
hypopygium; other equivalents are our dorsal rim for his “dorsal
border,’’ and our central disk for his “proctiger’’ or “tenth segment.’’

We have to a much greater extent than has hitherto been the case
utilized the venation, or apparent venation, of the hemelytra in generic,
subgeneric, and specific differentiations, but in some cases we have
attached less importance to the extent of the apical width of the
corium than did Dr. G. Horvath in his treatment of the genera in
1919. (See Bibliography).

The genus Galgupha Amyot and Serville, and especially its sub-
genus Gyrocnemis AIcAtee and Malloch, Amyssonotiim Horvath, and
Alkindus Distant, have the most complete venation, while Pruhleria
gen. nov. and Allocoris nom. nov. have the greatest reduction. Allocoris
( Corimelcena of authors) has the costal furrow and exocorial vein
obliterated, but peculiarly has the mesocorial vein much better de-
veloped than is the case in any other genus (Figs. 68-73). Pruhleria
on the other hand has the costal furrow present and the exocorial
vein faintly indicated, while the mesocorial vein is entirely lacking
(Fig. 65). In all cases the cubital vein is present, this being the most
constant character of the hemelytra. We figure the hemelytra of

^Baker, Alex. D., A study of the male genitalia of Canadian species of Penta-
tomidae, Can. Journ. Research, 4, No. 2, Feb. 1931, pp. 148-179, figs. 1-21, and
No. 3, March 1931, pp. 182-220, figs. 22-155, Pis. I-II (figs. 156-162).

McAtee & Malloch; Revision of the Thyreocorin/E. 199

Carrahas Distant (Fig. 75) and Stromhosoma Amyot and Serville
(Fig. 74) for purposes of comparison. Cydnoides Malloch is the only
genus in which there are bristles, or other armature, on the wings
(Fig. 61) and even in these species the costal bristles often may be
rubbed off; the large insertions, however, can still be seen.

We present the various figures of the hemelytra together on the
plates as much as possible for comparative purposes and an examina-
tion of Figures 39 to 75 and 186 will show more clearly than any
discussion the various features, which are cited as distinguishing
characters in this paper. The diagram showing the various veins and
areas (Fig. 39) is self-explanatory. We figure the hind wing of Gal-
gupha {Gyrocnemis) nitens Breddin, to illustrate the venation of the
under wings which is similar throughout the subfamily (Fig. 10).

The legs possess several characters, which have been used to segre-
gate groups and individual species in our keys. The principal of these
is the Carina or raised line on the posterior, or inner, surface of the hind
tibia, present in many species of Galgupha sens. lat. (Fig. 173). The
ventral armature of the fore femora in the same genus, while of con-
siderable value in distinguishing certain species in North America,
is of little value for that purpose in a general consideration of the genus,
though the comparative strength of these bristles is of value in dis-
tinguishing certain subgenera. Some other features of the tibia,
notably, the armature of the fore pair in one segregate of Galgupha
and in its subgenus Ctenopoda, and the conformation of the hind
tibiae, whether silicate or nonsulcate dorsally, and the posterodorsal
armature of the hind pair, we have found of value in our work. Apart
from the above mentioned features, the legs are rather uniform
throughout the subfamily, and in no case have we depended upon
their armature alone for the separation of genera.

One feature of this subfamily, and we found the same in the Cano-
pincE, is the frequency of abnormal antennae. Often one or both of the
antennae in an otherwise normal insect will have only four segments
through the fusion of two, or rather the suppression of one of the
joints. It is also noteworthy that in few cases can the comparative
lengths of the segments be depended upon for specific identifications,
and only in the subgenera Charoda McAtee and Malloch and Acro-
metus Horvath of Galgupha Amyot and Serville is there a sufficient
degree of constancy in the matter of a departure from the normal
comparative lengths to be utilized in classification.

200

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Acknowledgments.

The material in the United States National Museum (where one
of the authors, W. L. McAtee, was Acting Custodian of Hemiptera)
and in the Carnegie Museum of Pittsburgh (received through the
kindness of Dr. W. J. Holland) furnished the basis for the preliminary
work on the subfamily, but it has been supplemented by generous
loans from numerous other sources. We have received for study
considerable collections of Thyreocorince from the folllowing additional
institutions and individuals, to whom we are glad to record our in-
debtedness and appreciation: Aluseo Nacional de Historia Natural,
Buenos Aires, Argentina (Dr. Angel Gaillardo) ; Naturhistorische
Museum,* Vienna, Austria (Dr. F. Maidl) ; Institute Oswaldo Cruz,
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Dr. A. Costa Lima); Universitets Zoologiske
Museum,* Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr. Wm. Lundbeck) ; British Mu-
seum (Natural History),* London, England (W. E. China); Zoo-
logisches Museum, University of Helsingfors,* Helsingfors, Finnland
(Dr. Hakan Lindberg) ; Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle,*
Paris, France (Dr. E. L. Bouvier) ; Universitats Museum fiir Na-
turkunde,* Berlin, Germany (Dr. W. Ramme) ; Deutsches Entomo-
logisches Institut,* Berlin-Dahlem, Germany (Dr. Walther Horn);
Staatliches Museum fiir Tierkunde und Volkerkunde, Dresden, Ger-
many (Dr. Eritz von Emden) ; Zoologische Staatsinstitut und Mu-
seum, Hamburg, Germany (Dr. Eduard Wagner); Zoologische Staats-
sammlung, Munich, Germany (Dr. H. W. Taeuber); Naturhis-
torisches Aluseum,* Stettin, Germany (Edmund Schmitt); Rijks Mu-
seum van Natuurlijke Historie,* Leiden, Holland (Dr. H. C. Blote) ;
Maygar Nemzeti Museum,* Budapest, Hungary (Dr. G. Horvath);
Officinia Federal para la Defense Agricola, Mexico (Dr. Alfonso
Dampf) ; Polskie Panstwowe Museum,* Warsaw, Poland (Dr. T.
Jaczewski); Naturhigtoriska Riksmusseot,* Stockholm, Sweden (Dr.
B. Y. Sjostedt); Dr. Carl J. Drake, State College, Ames, Iowa; Dr.
H. H. Knight, State College, Ames, Iowa; Museum of Comparative
Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. (Nathan Banks); H. G. Barber, Wash-
ington, D. C.; American Museum of Natural History, New York,
N. Y. (H. G. Barber) ; Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa.
(E. T. Cresson, Jr.); and the U. S. Biological Survey, Washington,
D. C. (W. L. McAtee).

*Types and other material studied by McAtee in 1927.

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 201

Through the cooperation of the United States Bureau of Entomology
(Taxonomic Division), one of the writers (McAtee) was enabled dur-
ing the spring of 1927 to visit for the purpose of studying type and
other material the institutions starred in the preceding list and also
the following from which no material was borrowed : Museum Christian
Albrechts Universitat, Kiel, Germany (Dr. A. Schroder), Museum
Zoological Gardens, Amsterdam, Holland (Dr. A. Corporaal) ; and
Zoologisches Museum, Johann Kasimir Universitat, Lwow, Poland
(Dr. Jan Hirschler). The information gained on this trip was indis-
pensable for the revision of a group so uniform in general appearance
and with so few color characters as the ThyreocorincE.

We have been further favored with the loan of type or other de-
sirable material in small lots by the following individuals, to whom
we are greatly obliged: Dr. T. H. Prison, State Natural History Sur-
vey, Urbana, 111.; Dr. R. F. Hussey, New York University, New York,
N. Y.; A. C. Jensen-Haarup, Silkeborg, Denmark; E. P. Van Duzee,
Academy of Natural Sciences, San Francisco, Calif.; and R. H. Van
Zwaluwenberg, Sugar Planters’ Experiment Station, Honolulu,
Hawaii. We are glad to express our special appreciation also of Mr.
W. E. China’s cooperation in furnishing notes and sketches of species
in the British Museum.

The location of type and other material studied is indicated by
abbreviated designations of the collections, which can be correlated
with the fuller references to museums and individuals in the preceding
list.

SYSTEMATIC TREATMENT.

In the following synoptic keys to genera and species we have made
no attempt to arrange them in what we consider are their systematic
relationships, the keys being drawn up on a strictly dichotomous
scheme. Both in the case of genera and species we present, following
the dichotomous keys, our opinion of the systematic arrangement.

Key to the Genera.

I. Ostiolar (opaque) surface extending clear to the lateral margin of the meta-
pleurum; all tibiae sulcate dorsally; prosternal sulcus parallel-sided; pro-
pleurum coarsely punctate throughout; tylus enclosed by jugae; prothorax
gibbous anteriorly; subgenital plates quite widely separated in front by the
bases of the internal claspers (Figs. 13, 218) Thyreocoris Schranck.

202

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Ostiolar (opaque) surface scarcely attaining lateral margin of metapleurum,
separated from it by a glossy portion, which varies from truncate to acuminate
anteriorly; tibiae in most cases terete; prosternal sulcus usually flaring
anteriorly; propleurum with a considerable portion of its extent impunctate;
tylus usually attaining anterior margin of head; prothorax not gibbous
anteriorly; subgenital plates contiguous or almost so in front (Figs. 14-16,
et al.) 2

2. Spiracles nearer to setigerous punctures (trichobothria) (Figs. 7, 105, 106, 112)

than to lateral margin of sternites; mesocorium without, or with, one or more

veins (impressed or impressed-punctate lines) 3

Spiracles nearer to lateral margin than to setigerous punctures on sternites
3-6 (Fig. 223); mesocorium with a vein paralleling scutellum and connivent
or nearly so posteriorly, with cubitus (Figs. 67-73) ; exocorial vein obsolete
or almost so 8

3. Sternites with one or more strong bristles on each side laterad of the setigerous

punctures (Figs. 7, 105, 106, 112) 4

Sternites mostly lacking such bristles (Fig. 223) 7

4. Hind tibiae flattened or sulcate dorsally 6

Hind tibiae not flattened or sulcate dorsally 5

5. Sides of pronotum and costal margin of corium (Fig. 61) with long slender

bristles; sternites each with more than 2 bristles laterad of the piliferous

punctures (Fig. 202) Cydnoides Malloch.

Sides of pronotum and costa without bristles; sternites each with only one or
two bristles laterad of the piliferous punctures (Figs. 7, 105, 106, 112)

Galgupha Amyot and Serville.

6. Hind tibia flattened, but scarcely sulcate, dorsally lacking carinate line on

posterior surface; ocelli about equidistant from eyes and middle of vertex;
(Fig. 204) ; inner margins of female genital plates forming an acute elevation

anteriorly (Figs. 207-208); pronotum not rastrate Alkindus Distant.

Hind tibia sulcate dorsally and provided with a carinate line on posterior sur-
face; ocelli nearer to eyes than to middle of vertex (Fig. 209); female genital
plates (Fig. 214) without elevation; pronotum decidedly rastrate posteriorly.

Amyssonotum Horvath.

7. Corium tumid, inconspicuously punctate, cubital vein deeply impressed,

exocorial vein present only as traces (Fig. 65) ; ocelli about twice as far
from middle of vertex as from eyes; inner margins of female genital plates
not elevated; ventral exposure of ultimate tergite brief, not one-seventh as

long as the large sixth sternite Pruhleria new genus.

Corium not tumid, conspicuously punctate, cubital vein less deeply impressed,
exocorium with the usual branched vein evident, very deep basally (Fig. 64) ;
ocelli not much farther from middle of vertex than from eyes; inner margins
of female genital plates elevated, knife-like, most prominently so anteriorly
(Figs. 216-217); ventral exposure of ultimate tergite ample, almost or quite
as long as the almost parallel-margined sixth sternite (Fig. 216).

Pericrepis Horvath.

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 203

I

8. Costa carinate; each sternite with one or two bristles on each side laterad of

piliferous punctures Godmania Horvath.

Costa rounded, without carina; sternites without lateral bristles, except rarely
on second (Fig. 223) Allocoris nom. nov.

Systematic Arrangement of the Genera.

Spiracles nearer to the trichobothria than to the lateral margins of the sternites.
Metapleurum with lateral glossy area.

Sternites with bristles laterad of the trichobothria.

Hind tibia terete.

Sides of pronotum and costa without bristles Galgupha.

Sides of pronotum and costa bristly Cydnoides.

Hind tibia flattened or sulcate dorsally.

Hind tibia without carinate line posteriorly; pronotum not rastrate.

Alkindus.

Hind tibia with carinate line posteriorly; pronotum rastrate behind

middle Amyssonotum.

Sternites mostly lacking such bristles.

Exocorium with the usual branched vein evident Pericrepis.

Exocorium with only traces of veins Pruhleria.

Metapleurum without lateral glossy area Thyreocoris.

Spiracles nearer to the lateral margins of sternites than to the trichobothria.

Costa carinate; sternites with lateral bristles Godmania.

Costa rounded; sternites usually without lateral bristles Allocoris.

Genus Galgupha Amyot and Serville.

Galgupha Amyot, C. J. B. and Serville, A., Histoire Naturelle des Insectes
Hemipteres, 1843, p. 68 (Containing two species G. atra, Mexico, and G. notata,
Cayenne, of which the former was selected as genotype by Horvath in 1919).

Principal characters: Spiracles nearer to trichobothria than to
lateral margins of sternites (Figs. 7, 105, 106, and 112); sternites two
to six each with one or two strong bristles laterad of the trichobothria
(same Figs.); sides of pronotum and costa without bristles; meta-
pleurum with lateral area in part impunctate; prothorax not gibbous
anteriorly.

As accepted in this paper, this is by far the largest genus of the sub-
family, containing fifteen subgenera, several of which were originally
erected as distinct genera, and one hundred and forty-eight species.
Of these subgenera six are monobasic while the great bulk of the species
are contained in three, namely: Nothocoris (26); Euryscytus (38);
and Gyrocnemis (36).

Key to the Subgenera.

I. Exocorial vein faint, or lacking, basally, at most represented by a series of weak
punctures, not by an impressed line, and never as deeply impressed as the
basal portion of cubital vein (Figs. 57, 58, 60, and 186) 2

204

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Exocorial vein always very well defined at base as an impressed line and never
less deeply impressed than the basal portion of the cubital vein (Figs. 41-56,
59. 61-75) 5

2. Hind tibia with a well defined carinate line on the entire length of its posterior

surface (Fig. 173) 3

Hind tibia without a well defined carinate line on entire length of its posterior
surface Astiroderma Horvath.

3. Second antennal segment almost as long as third Charoda subgen. nov.

Second antennal segment not over one-third as long as third 4

4. Exocorium with a flat-bottomed groove between costa and cubitus basally

(Fig. 186) Pteronomos subgen. nov.

Exocorium with the area between costa and cubitus basally convex (as usual
in the genus) Psestophleps McAtee & Malloch.

5. Hind tibia without a carinate line on entire length of posterior surface 6

Hind tibia with a carinate line on entire length of posterior surface (Fig. 173) . . 8

6. Fore tibia with a series of strong spines on posteroventral surface, a number of

which distally form a comb-like structure (Fig. 137) ; corium truncate apically

(Fig. 48) Ctenopoda subgen. nov.

Fore tibia not so armed 7

7. Exocorial vein distinctly furcate at some distance from the base as in most ol

the subgenera, its base always quite distinct from base of the cubital vein,
mesocorial vein distinct, distant from cubital vein apically (Figs. 39, 43-47).

Gyrocnemis McAtee & Malloch.
Exocorial vein not distinctly furcate, only one branch distinct and that lying
very close to base of cubital vein owing to the elevation of the area between
exocorial vein and costa, mesocorial vein faint, connivent with cubitus
posteriorly (Fig. 59) Acritophleps McAtee & Malloch.

8. Beak much elongated, always extending beyond base of third abdominal

sternite and frequently to apex of abdomen, the second segment noticeably
curved and extending to or beyond posterior margin of prosternum, third
segment about as long as, or even longer than, hind femur; mid tibia without
a posterior carinate line; form elliptic, head quite pointed in front; anterior
lateral bristle on abdominal sternites almost invariably lacking.

Bonaria subgen. nov.

Beak normal in length, rarely extending beyond posterior margin of metaster-
num, second segment usually straight and not extending to posterior margin
of prosternum, third shorter than hind femur; mid tibia usually with a dis-
tinct posterior carinate line; if the beak is about as long as in Bonaria, the
form is more ovate, the head less pointed, and the anterior lateral bristle is
normally present on sternites three to five 9

9. Anterior outline of head bluntly angulate each side of tylus, head tumid beneath

these angulations, concave between the prominences and eyes; fore tibia
with an anterodorsal series of closely placed black spinules (in addition to the
usual pale bristles) on almost its entire length (Fig. 146); ocelli situated well

behind posterior transocular line Orocoris subgen. nov.

Anterior outline of head not angulate each side of tylus nor tumid beneath;
fore tibia without spinules in addition to the usual pale bristles 10

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^.. 205

10. Corium broadly rounded or truncate at apex, branches of exocorial vein

scarcely connate posteriorly; mesocorium with one or more veins (Figs.

41. 51) II

Corium narrowly rounded or pointed at apex, branches of exocorial vein nearly
or quite united at apices; mesocorium without veins (Figs. 50, 52-56) .... 12

11. Second antennal segment fully half as long as third; anterodorsal series of

spines about as long as those of posterodorsal series on fore tibia; fore femur
with two quite strong bristles on apical half of anteroventral surface.

Acrotmetus Horvath.

Second antennal segment not more than one-third as long as third ; anterodorsal
armature of fore tibia weak, the setulae shorter than those of the postero-
dorsal series, the whole armature of fore tibia much less developed than in
the contrasted group; fore femur with two hair-like bristles on apical half of
anteroventral surface Euryscytus Horvath.

12. Hind tibia with a deep longitudinal sulcus just exterior to the carinate line,

somewhat sulcate dorsally; scutellum extending to apex of abdomen.

Trepocnemis subgen. nov.
Hind tibia otherwise 13

13. Lateral area of metapleurum smooth, impunctate.

Galgupha Amyot and Serville.
Lateral area of metapleurum distinctly punctured adjacent to the ostiolar
surface 14

14. Scutellum sharply bicolored, black and yellow or reddish (Figs. 162, 166) ;

corium rounded at apex (Fig. 55) Microcompsus Horvath.

Scutellum generally entirely black; only one species with coccinelloid colora-
tion (Fig. 177); corium acute at apex (Fig. 56).

Nothocoris McAtee and Malloch.

Systematic Arrangement of the Subgenera.

Corium broad apically.

Hind tibia carinate:

I, Euryscytus; 2. Bonaria.

Hind tibia not carinate;

3. Gyrocnemis; 4. Ctenopoda.

Corium pointed apically.

Hind tibia sulcate dorsally:

5. Trepocnemis.

Hind tibia not sulcate dorsally.

Hind tibia carinate:

Exocorial vein distinct basally:

6. Orocoris; 7. Acrotmetus; 8. Microcompsus; 9. Nothocoris;
10. Galgupha.

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Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Exocorial vein obsolete basally:

II. Psestophleps ; 12. Pteronomos; 13. Charoda.

Hind tibia not carinate:

14. Acritophleps ; 15. Astiroderma.

Subgenus Euryscytus Horvath.

Euryscytus Horvath, G., Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungary, Vol. XVII, 1919, p. 227 [Sub-
genotype (orthotype), Tetyra smidtii Fabriciusj.

Principal Characters: Corium rounded or truncate at apex (Fig.
41), exocorial vein distinctly furcate, the branches scarcely connate
posteriorly, mesocorial vein almost complete in species with entirely
dark corium, evanescent basad of apex of claval suture in those with
pale corial mark at base, practically obsolete in lucretia\ second an-
tennal segment not, or very little, more than one-third as long as
third; anterodorsal bristles on fore tibia weak, shorter than those of
postero-dorsal series; hind tibia with a carinate line on posterior sur-
face; trichobothria and spiracles in a slightly curved series on each
sternite.

It may be noted that the group with apically narrowed corium con-
tained within Captions 2 to 14 of the following key to the species is
quite similar to the subgenus Acrotmetus, but is distinguished from the
latter by the much weaker armature of the anterodorsal surface of
the fore tibia and of the anteroventral surface of the fore femur, the
latter having two fine, instead of two quite strong, bristles on the
apical half; and by the shorter second antennal segment. The re-
flexed apical margin of the sixth abdominal sternite occurs in the males
of both groups (except in that of lucretia). The propriety of referring
this group to either subgenus, or to a new one, may be considered a
matter of opinion, but we prefer to retain it in Euryscytus.

Key to the Species of the Subgenus Euryscytus.

I. Corium more or less narrowed and somewhat rounded apically, mesocorium at
narrowest point narrower than corresponding costad portion of corium, as
in Acrotmetus (Fig. 51)®, mesocorial vein never present as a sharply incised

*It must be remembered that in estimating the comparative width of the
mesocorium and exocorium the hemelytra should be in the normal resting position,
which is with its costal margin almost directly in line with the lateral margin of
the abdomen. In many specimens the fore wing is slightly extended and thus the
inner portion of the corium, usually covered by the lateral edge of the scutellum, is
exposed, giving the mesocorium a greater width than when the hemelytra is in its
normal position. This fact should be borne in mind when using the diagnostic keys.

McAtee & Malloch. Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 207

line; abdominal sternites either without distinct pale lateral markings, or if
such are present they are narrow, reddish, and continuous (or nearly so)
along margins of segments on which they occur; apex of sixth abdominal
sternite of male, except in lucretia, narrowly reflexed ; scutellum always over-
lapping base of hypopygium in male, and extending to apex of penultimate

tergite in most females 2

Corium wider, truncate at apex, mesocorium at narrowest point equal to, or
broader than, costad portion of corium; abdominal sternites with yellow,
semicircular, usually disconnected, lateral spots, usually on from third to
sixth in male and from third to seventh in female; sixth abdominal sternite
of male not reflexed at apex; scutellum normally falling short of base of
hypopygium in male, never distinctly overlapping it, and not extending much

beyond base of penultimate tergite of female 17

2. Females 3

Males 10

3. Corial marking yellow on costa, becoming dark reddish toward claval suture;

sixth abdominal sternite narrowly rounded anteriorly; sternites deeply and
coarsely punctate; genital and subgenital plates about equally long (Fig. 81).

varipennis sp. nov.

Corial marking uniformly reddish orange or yellowish 4

4. Sixth abdominal sternite very broadly rounded anteriorly; genital plates longer

than fifth sternite at middle, and nearly half as long as sixth, their inner
edges slightly elevated; pale basal mark on corium not extending to the

middle insula sp. nov.

Sixth abdominal sternite narrowly rounded or subangulate anteriorly; genital
plates not longer than fifth sternite, and distinctly less than half as long as
sixth, their inner edges not elevated 5

5. Pale basal marking half the length of corium, bordering the scutellum beyond

the claval suture; mesocorial vein obsolete . . .lucretia sp. nov.

Pale marking distinctly less than half as long as corium, not, or scarcely border-
ing scutellum beyond the claval suture 6

6. Genital plates almost flat, their posterior margins nearly straight (Fig. 78) . . . 7

Genital plates more or less elevated along inner margins, their posterior mar-
gins noticeably concave 9

7. Vertex feebly and sparsely punctate; genital plates with sparse small shallow

punctures assimilis sp, nov.

Vertex with rather large and deep punctures which are quite close together
discally on each side 8

8. Subgenital plates not over half as long as genital plates on inner margins,

genital plates quite coarsely punctured except near inner margins; length of
ventral exposure of ultimate tergite about half as great at middle as on lateral

margin caudata sp. nov.

Subgenital plates over half as long as genital plates on inner margins, genital
plates with a few small punctures and shallow longitudinal striae; length
of ventral exposure of ultimate tergite about one-fourth as great at middle
as on lateral margin candiculata sp. nov.

208 Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

9. Both fifth and sixth abdominal sternites subangulate in centre of anterior

margin difficilis Breddin.

Only the sixth sternite noticeably angulate in center of anterior margin (Fig.
80) signatipennis Germar.

10. Hind margin of hypopygium trisinuate, the central emargination angular or

subangular

Hind margin of hypopygium more or less distinctly and evenly emarginate
centrally, not subangularly so, lateral emarginations faint or lacking 12

11. Sternites with minute punctures, almost impunctate; hypopygium as seen

from below as in Figure 83, the rim not at all thickened on each side of the

central emargination obesa sp. nov.

Sternites with deep moderate-sized punctures; hypopygium as in Figure 86,
the rim thickened on the inside on each side of the central emargination.

difficilis Breddin.

12. Basal mark on corium extending beyond middle; sixth sternite not reflexed

at extreme apex lucretia sp. nov.

Basal mark on corium not extending to middle, occupying about the basal
third; sixth slightly reflexed at extreme apex 13

13. Hypopygium with a feeble emargination on each side of the central one 14

Hypopygium with only the central emargination 15

14. All the emarginations slight (Fig. 88) contracta sp. nov.

Central emargination much more distinct than the lateral (Fig. 89).

assimilis sp. nov.

15. Ventral exposure of hypopygium distinctly longer than fifth sternite.

regularis sp. nov.

Ventral exposure of hypopygium not longer than fifth sternite 16

16. Larger species, averaging at least 5 mm insula sp. nov.

Smaller species, averaging about 4 mm signatipennis Germar.

17. Corium entirely dark (teneral and sometimes other specimens may show more

or less indications of basal pale marking) ; lateral area of metapleurum
angulate-narrowed anteriorly, with few, or no, punctures; posterior border

of male hypopygium not reflexed, straight or almost so 18

Corium with at least one conspicuous pale basal mark which is either reddish
or yellowish on a dark ground 24

18. Females 19

Males 21

19. Genital plates twice as long as postventer, inner margins distinctly elevated,

the disks depressed sahlbergi sp. nov.

Genital plates but little longer than postventer, their modelling otherwise. . . 20

20. Genital plates quite conspicuously depressed on posterior margins, causing

them to appear elevated or tumid centrally in profile corvina Horvath.

Genital plates practically flat in profile laevis Stal.

21. Hind wall of dorsal rim of hypopygium seen from above thin only central-

ly 22

Hind wall of dorsal rim of hypopygium seen from above thin across most of its
width 23

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the THVREOCORiNiE. 209

22. Dorsal rim" of hypopygium flat anteriorly, lateral angles excavated, central

depression trapezoidal (Fig. 96) corvina Horvath.

Dorsal rim of hypopygium depressed anteriorly, tumid and very wide later-
ally; central depression nearly circular (Fig. 95) punctata sp. nov.

23. Entire vertex coarsely and deeply punctured; dorsal rim of hypopygium

abruptly declivitous, especially laterally (Fig. 94) opercula sp. nov.

Vertex irregularly punctate, nowhere very deeply so, and on some portions
almost impunctate; dorsal rim of hypopygium gradually and rather evenly
downwardly sloped towards center (Fig. 93) laevis Stal.

24. Corium sometimes with only a pale line along costa basally, remainder brown-

ish black laevis Stal.

Corium at base with a broad yellowish or reddish mark which extends over
almost all, or all, of the area between costa and claval suture 25

25. Scutellum with a slight, but distinct, raised marginal line round the entire

apex vulnerata Horvath.

Scutellum without trace of a raised marginal line round apex 26

26. Beak extending to apex of third abdominal sternite; male hypopygium with

dorsal surface as in Figure 97 rostrata sp. nov.

Beak seldom extending beyond insertions of hind coxae and never to beyond
hind margin of second abdominal sternite 27

27. Basal pale mark on corium short, never as long on mesocorium as the dark part

of that area beyond it, and rarely extending beyond level of apex of the

claval suture 28

Basal pale mark on corium longer, generally as long on mesocorium as the dark
part of that area beyond it, and always extending noticeably beyond level
of the claval suture 47

28. Vertex with large, contiguous, deep punctures on surface except for a small

area between each ocellus and eye, and a small subtriangular area on each
side of tylus on posterior margin; basal pale mark on corium seldom extend-
ing beyond middle of the claval suture; pronotum deeply punctured, except
on center of disk; spaces between mesocorial line and exocorium and the

exocorium and costa subequal foveolata Jensen-Haarup.

Vertex much less deeply and copiously punctured, sometimes almost im-
punctate, and in all cases with a much greater proportion of the dorsal
surface impunctate 29

29. Sixth abdominal sternite in both sexes about as long on central line as the

preceding four sternites combined at same point, very broadly and evenly
rounded in front; fifth sternite very short in center, not over one-third as
long there as at lateral margin; vertex microscopically punctured, appear-
ing impunctate, except under a very high power lens, lateral carinae weak,
but evident; lateral glossy metapleural area not linear in front, with some

shallow punctures along inner margin anteriorly rasilis Horvath.

Sixth abdominal sternite in neither sex nearly as long as the preceding four
sternites combined, rarely as long as the three preceding sternites; fifth
sternite rarely less than half as long at center as at lateral margin 30

210

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

30. Yellow basal mark on corium not extending beyond middle Of claval suture,

and more or less tinged with brown; vertex with rather large deep punctures
on central portion of each side, minutely and shallowly punctured behind
and along each side in front, the lateral carina almost undeveloped.

valvata sp. nov.

Yellow basal mark on corium usually extending as far as apex of exposed por-
tion of claval suture, if extending to slightly beyond middle, the vertex
differently punctured 31

31. Yellow basal mark on corium falling distinctly short of apex of exposed por-

tion of claval suture, its extreme apex centrally about on level with apex of
suture; vertex practically impunctate and without distinctly carinate an-
terior margin; lateral area of metapleurum reduced to a mere line in front,
sometimes rather abruptly narrowed at some distance from anterior ex-
tremity nitida sp. nov.

Yellow basal mark on corium almost invariably extending to apex of exposed
portion of claval suture, and exceeding level of its apex in center; if not
clearly thus, the vertex is distinctly punctured and with anterior margin
carinate, or the lateral area of metapleurum is not less than half the width of

reflexed costal portion of corium at its anterior extremity 32

32. Males 33

Females 39

33. Vertex not highly polished, microscopically shagreened, and quite coarsely and

deeply punctured, becoming gradually less so laterally and posteriorly, the
lateral carina much more distinct than usual, length in front of anterior
transocular line distinctly greater than behind it; eye slightly recessive as
seen from above, the outline a little incurved (Fig. 76) ; central exposure of
hypopygium from below distinctly greater than length of fifth abdominal

sternite at center opacifrons sp. nov.

Vertex distinctly shining, usually highly polished and without shagreening
(the punctures neither so deep nor so numerous as stated in the alternative),
and shorter in front of than behind anterior transocular line; eye not, or
very inconspicuously recessive as seen from above, generally almost in line
with lateral margins of vertex 34

34. Vertex highly polished and subobsoletely punctured, the punctures visible

only with a high power lens (X 32) 35

Vertex quite distinctly punctured at least on central portions of each side. . . 36

35. Dorsal rim of hypopygium regularly and evenly sloping towards center all

around except central part of anterior margin (Fig. 103). .parallela sp. nov.
Dorsal rim of hypopygium not regularly and evenly sloping; with a small
elevation on each side opposite lateral angle (Fig. 102). . . smidtii Fabricius.

36. Hind margin of hypopygium distinctly emarginate (Fig. 99), and consequently

shorter at center than fifth sternite 37

Hind margin of hypopygium without pronounced emargination, longer at
center than fifth sternite, straight, or transverse (Figs. loo-ioi) 38

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 211

37. Hind margin of hypopygium very broadly emarginate (Fig. 99) ; scutellum

falling distinctly short of anterior margin of hypopygium; vertex with quite
large deep punctures, the most conspicuous of which are proximad of middle
on each side almost up to anterior margin; lateral metapleural area rather

broad in front, punctate on inner margin australis sp. nov.

Hind margin of hypopygium less broadly emarginate; scutellum slightly over-
lapping anterior margin of hypopygium; vertex with less conspicuous punc-
tures, the deepest on each side behind median transverse line, and the
anterior lateral portions almost impunctate; lateral area of metapleurum
narrow and impunctate interiorly curvata sp. nov.

38. Larger species, not less than 5 mm. in length; hind margin of hypopygium

slightly undulated (Fig. 100) basalis Germar.

Smaller species, averaging 4 mm. in length; hind margin of hypopygium almost
straight (Fig. loi) jaczewskii McAtee & Malloch.

39. Large species, not less than 5 mm. in length; all veins in apical part of hind

wings heavily pigmented; apex of corium seen from behind not at all paler

than remainder of it basalis Germar.

Smaller species, less than 5 mm. in length; at most only the anterior one of the
veins in apical part of hind wings heavily pigmented 40

40. Apex of corium when seen from behind and slightly above its level distinctly

paler than remainder of the dark part, most noticeably so at outer apical

angle 41

Apex of corium not noticeably pale 43

41. Vertex almost impuncate even under a high power lens (X 32) ; greatest length

of pale basal mark on corium not much less than extent of the dark part

apicad of it parallela sp. nov.

Vertex more distinctly punctate; pale basal corial mark not nearly half as long
as corium 42

42. Pale basal mark on corium not extending beyond level of apex of exposed por-

tion of claval suture; vertex with shallow punctures romana sp. nov.

Pale basal mark on corium extending on mesocorium to beyond level of apex
of exposed portion of claval suture; vertex more deeply punctured.

australis sp. nov.

43. Vertex deeply and coarsely punctured australis sp. nov.

Vertex shallowly and rather finely punctured 44

44. Sixth sternite subangulate anteriorly 45

Sixth sternite evenly rounded anteriorly curvatula sp. nov.

45. Genital plates distinctly shorter than postventer labrata sp. nov.

Genital plates equal in length to postventer 46

46. Sixth sternite with distinct sublateral undulations anteriorly in addition to the

somewhat produced median angulation mammula sp. nov.

Sixth sternite without sublateral undulations, the median angulation scarcely
produced curvata sp. nov.

212 Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

47. Corium without yellow mark at apex of costa; vertex with rather large and

moderately deep punctures centrally on each side; yellow corial mark ex-
tending practically as far on costa as on mesocorium 48

Corium with a distinct yellow mark at apex of costa; vertex almost impunc-
tate 49

48. Hind margin of male hypopygium convex medially, concave laterally.

cruenta Horvath.

Hind margin of male hypopygium concave medially, convex laterally.

contra sp. nov.

49. Males 50

Females 51

50. Sixth sternite angulate anteriorly; dorsal rim of hypopygium scooped out

almost evenly from side to side parse sp. nov.

Sixth sternite rounded to subangulate anteriorly; dorsal rim of hypopygium

somewhat tumid within lateral angles, flat anteriorly apicata sp. nov.

aliena sp. nov.

51. Genital plates longer than postventer, their posterior margins more concave;

hind margin of ventral exposure of ultimate tergite convex, apicata sp. nov.

parse sp. nov.

Genital plates scarcely equalling postventer, their posterior margins nearly
straight; hind margin of ventral exposure of ultimate tergite slightly con-
cave medially aliena sp. nov.

Systematic Arrangement of the Species*

OF THE Subgenus Euryscytus.

Corium narrowed apically, mesocorium at narrowest part not
as wide as costad portion of corium.

Mesocorial vein distinct, punctate-striate:

varipennis, obesa, difficilis, contracta, assimilis, caudata,
caudiculicata, regularis, signatipennis, insula.

Mesocorial vein obsolete:

lucretia.

Corium broader, hardly narrowed apically, mesocorium at narrow-
est point as broad as, or broader than, costad portion of corium.

Corium without pale markings or with only a pale line on base
of costa:

laevis, opercula, punctata, sahlbergi, corvina.

Corium with at least a basal pale mark which extends from costa
to claval suture.

*The species in the following descriptive pages are not arranged systematically,
but in alphabetical order.

jNIcAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 213

Basal pale mark on corium at longest point not nearly as long
as the dark part of mesocorium beyond it, rarely extending
much beyond apex of claval suture:

vulnerata, foveolata, rostrata, opacifrons, australis, basalis,
jaczewskii, mammula, curvata, labrata, romana, curva-
tula, valvata, nitida, rasilis, smidtii, parallela.

Basal pale mark extending to or almost to middle of corium:
apicata, aliena, parae, cruenta, contra.

I. Galgupha (Euryscytus) aliena sp. nov.

Black, stramineous elytral marking covering about one-third length
of exocorium and about one-half that of mesocorium, corium narrowly
pale apically with a moderate-sized pale blotch on outer apical angle;
tarsi, antennae, and beak testaceous, the latter more or less infuscated;
lateral pale spots on segments in some cases rather obscure.

Head narrowly rounded anteriorly, produced more than length of
an eye beyond anterior transocular line, vertex with only slight traces
of wrinkling and puncturing; pronotum highly polished, with only
slight traces of puncturing, even laterally; scutellum with rather
decided punctures in anterolateral angles, but only faint ones else-
where; corium sparsely punctured except along veins, which are closely
punctate as usual; sternites with scattered, coarse, but not deep punc-
tures, six broadly rounded anteriorly in both sexes, the preceding
sternites, however, but slightly constricted medially; ventral exposure
of male hypopygium coarsely punctate, transversely channelled, hind
border distinctly concave-emarginate medially, convex laterally,
dorsal rim broad, nearly flat anteriorly, broader and more sloping
laterally, with a tumid area, however, within each lateral angle;
hind wall narrow, more abruptly declivitous interiorly; genital plates
of female coarsely punctate, less than half as long as sixth sternite,
nearly as long as postventer; inner margins narrowly elevated, hind
margins slightly concave. Length 3. 75. -4 mm

Holotype, and paratypical males and allotype, female, Rio Caiary-
Uaupes, Amazonas, Brazil, Sept. 1906, H. Schmidt (A. M. N. H.).
Mosqueiro, Rio de Para, March 12, 1896, E. E. Austen (British
Museum).

2. Galgupha (Euryscytus) apicata sp. nov.

Black, shining, the corial markings hyaline to stramineous, the an-
terior one more than half as long as corium, decidedly longer on meso-
than on exo-corium; beak, antennae, and tarsi stramineous to testa-
ceous; lateral spots on third to sixth segments in both sexes, and also
on ultimate tergite of female, pale yellowish.

214

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Surface minutely sculptured, somewhat decreasing the glossiness
and obscuring the puncturing. Head narrowly rounded anteriorly,
produced about length of eye beyond anterior transocular line; dorsal
punctures subobsolete on head and pronotum, a little more obvious
toward sides of latter, anterior disk of scutellum nearly impunctate,
distinct punctures elsewhere, strongest near antero-lateral angles; |

corium almost impunctate, except along veins. Lateral area of meta- !

pleurum anteriorly rather broad, without punctures; sternites 2-5 j

shorter at middle than at lateral margins, but none of them so much as !

half shorter; sixth sternite anteriorly broadly rounded; ventral ex- j

posure of male hypopygium punctate, not channeled transversely,
hind margin rounded, shallowly concave-emarginate posteriorly; !

dorsal rim rather flat anteriorly, more sloping laterally, central de-
pression rather abrupt, hind wall high and thin, a little depressed 1

medianly. Genital plates of female punctate, about half as long as I

sixth sternite, and equal to postventer, inner margin distinctly shorter
than posterior, the latter slightly concave. Length 3. 2-3. 9 mm. j

Holotype and paratype: males; and allotype, female, Guyane, j

Leprieur, 2-39; paratype female, Maroni, St. Jean, Guyane Frangais, j

F. Geay, 1903; Charvein, French Guiana, 1914, R. Benoist (Paris |

Mus.); Demerara, British Guiana (British Mus.); Paramaribo, |

Surinam, various months, Heller (Berlin Mus.); Paramaribo, Dutch I

Guiana, C. Heller (Hamburg Mus.). j

Some of the Paramaribo specimens from the Berlin Museum have |

the country listed on label as Mexico, which is clearly in error. Dutch I

Guiana should be substituted, as they were collected about the same j

time as the others and by the same collector. I

il

i'

3. Galgupha (Euryscytus) assimilis sp. nov. |

Black with seneous reflections, corial patch yellow, lateral margins i
of sternites 4-6 in both sexes, and more or less of genital region in I
females dull reddish; tarsi, beak, and antennse testaceous, segments of
the last named infuscated in varying degrees. I

Head produced a little more than length of eye beyond anterior |j
transocular line, front margin slightly carinate, almost evenly rounded; i
vertex with only sparse subobsolete punctures; pronotum shallowly ^
coarse-punctate laterally, almost impunctate elsewhere; scutellum |
with sparse shallow punctures laterally, finer ones on posterior de-
clivity, the anterior disk almost like disk of pronotum, polished im-
punctate; lateral area of metapleurum broad, impunctate; sternites '
with sparse shallow coarse punctures, smoother medially; sixth i
sternite of male subangulate anteriorly, the projection rounded,
the fourth and fifth noticeably constricted medially; ventral exposure I
of hypopygium faintly punctate, hind margin slightly reflexed, broadly

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 215

but shallowly emarginate medially, briefly and faintly so laterally
(Fig. 89) ; dorsal rim distinctly broadest laterally, sloping from ex-
terior border inwardly, most abruptly so anteriorly, hind wall nearly
vertical (Fig. 89) ; sixth sternite of female rounded anteriorly, preced-
ing sternites subparallel in outline, little constricted medially; genital
plates (Fig. 78) two-thirds as long as sixth sternite, about equal to
postventer, inner margins about two-thirds as long as posterior, the
latter almost transverse. Length 4.5 mm.

Holotype, male; paratype male; and allotype female, Rio Negro,
Parana, Reichensperger (Helsingfors Museum).

4. Galgupha (Euryscytus) australis sp. nov.

Black, shining usually with aeneous, sometimes with purplish re-
flections; basal spot of corium stramineous to yellowish, about half
length of corium on mesocorium, and one-third on exocorium; lateral
spots on abdomen yellow; beak, antennae, and tarsi testaceous.

Head narrowly rounded anteriorly, produced slightly more than
length of eye beyond anterior transocular line; eyes slightly set in from
margin of vertex; vertex coarsely punctate, except on tylus posteriorly
and occipital region; pronotum noticeably punctate laterally, and in
extremities of transverse impression, where the punctures are rastrate,
finely punctate elsewhere; scutellum numerously punctate, most
coarsely so anterolaterally, and most finely so discally; corium moder-
ately punctate anteriorly puncturing obsolete posteriorly, except along
veins. Lateral area of metapleurum broad anteriorly, with a row of
punctures bordering ostiolar surface. Sternites coarsely punctate,
smoother medially; sixth sternite of male subangulate anteriorly,
about equal in length to preceding three sternites together, each of
which is more or less constricted medially; ventral exposure of hypo-
pygium rather short, punctate, scarcely channelled, hind margin
slightly concave medially (this and dorsal rim as in Fig. 99) ; sixth
sternite of female broadly rounded anteriorly, shorter than pre-
ceding three sternites together, each of which is moderately con-
stricted medially; genital plates punctate, less than half as long as
sixth sternite, about equal in length to postventer, inner margin de-
cidedly shorter than posterior, the latter slightly oblique and concave.
Length 3.8-4 mm.

Holotype male, Chapada, Brazil, October; paratypes males, same
locality, April, October; and Corumba, Brazil, April (Carnegie Mu-
seum); allotype female, Sapucay, Paraguay, W. T. Foster (U. S.
N. M.); paratypes, Tucuman, Argentina, Vezenyi, 1906, and Nov.
1905 (Jensen-Haarup) ; Zuviria and San Antonio, Argentina, Reimoser
(Vienna Museum); Yhancaroinza, Chuquaca, Bolivia, G. L. Harring-
ton (U. S. N. M.).

216

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

5. Galgupha (Euryscytus) basalis Germar.

O .[dontos cells] basalis Germar, E. F., Zeitschr. f. Ent., I, 1839, p. 41 [Brazil].
Corimelcena proxima Walker, Francis, Catalogue, i, 1867, p. 80 [Brazil].

Black with aeneous to purplish reflections; corial patch (somewhat
longer on meso- than on exo-corium) and lateral abdominal spots
yellow; tarsi, beak, and antennae testaceous.

Head produced slightly more than length of eye beyond anterior
transocular line, narrowly rounded anteriorly, subtruncate medially;
vertex slightly carinate-margined, generally punctate in irregular
transverse rows, impunctate posteriorly; pronotum with coarse punc-
tures antero-laterally, practically impunctate elsewhere; scutellum
moderately punctate, except on anterior disk, which is almost im-
punctate; corium emarginate apically with scattered punctures basal-
ly, scarcely punctate on posterior two-thirds, except along veins;
lateral area of metapleurum narrowed and acute anteriorly, im-
punctate; sternites numerously punctate, smoother medially; sixth
sternite in both sexes subangulate anteriorly, fifth and fourth but
little constricted medially; ventral exposure of male hypopygium
large, punctate, the hind margin (Fig. 100) very slightly reflexed;
dorsal rim (Fig. 100) gradually basined, widest at lateral angles, hind
wall declivitous; genital plates of female punctate, more than half as
long as sixth sternite, a little longer than postventer, hind margin
slightly concave. Length 4-5 mm.

Redescribed from the Santa Catharina specimens listed below which
agree with notes made from the type material. Four of the five speci-
mens from the Germar Collection, labelled basalis appear to be con-
specific and are the basis of the concept of the species here adopted.
Of three females at Lwow labelled '^basalis m.[ihi], Brazil,” two (one of
which is the allotype) are satisfactorily alike, while the third is not
certainly of the same species. A male in the Berlin Museum, labelled
“Brazil, Sellow,” appears to represent the same species and is considered
the holotype. Of Walker’s species, proxima, the holotype female,
Petropolis, Brazil, and a paratype, Constancia, Brazil, January 1857,
H. Clark (British Museum), have been studied and found to be this
species. Other specimens seen are from Cara Pintada, Parana,
Brazil, June 2, 1922 (Warsaw Museum); and Santa Catharina, Brazil,
Liiderwaldt (Stettin Museum); Sao Paulo, Brazil, Espirito Santo,
Brazil, and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, Breddin Collection (Deutsches
Ent. Inst.).

A quite striking feature of this species, and one in which it parallels
insula, is the dark brown color of the two anterior veins (marked R
and S in Fig. 10) of the hind wing. In most species these veins are

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin*t:. 217

almost colorless, or, as in australis, only the anterior one (S) is pig-
mented.

6. Galgupha (Euryscytus) caudata sp. nov.

Black, corial patch red; tarsi and beak, testaceous; antennse with
the basal three segments mostly testaceous, and the two apical seg-
ments chiefly fuscous.

Head produced about length of eye beyond anterior transocular
line, front margin slightly carinate, almost evenly rounded; vertex
with anterior submargin, tylus, and occipital portions with fine punc-
tures or none, remaining portions shallowly coarsely punctate; pro-
notum rastrate in transverse impression, with coarse punctures
laterally, and fine ones elsewhere; scutellum numerously punctate,
the punctures coarsest antero-laterally, finest antero-discally ; meso-
corium and veins punctate (except posteriorly) ; lateral area of meta-
pleurum punctate interiorly; sternites with coarse punctures laterally,
punctures finer, or subobsolete, medially; sixth sternite subangulate
anteriorly, the preceding sternites little constricted medially; genital
plates about two-thirds as long as sixth sternite and about equal in
length to postventer; inner margins about two-thirds as long as pos-
terior, the latter straight and transverse. Length, 4.5 mm.

Holotype female, San Antonio, Argentina, Reimoser (Vienna
Museum).

7. Galgupha (Euryscytus) caudiculata sp. nov.

This form is much like G. caudata, but differs as noted in the key
and as follows: pronotum practically impunctate, except for the
usual lateral group of coarse punctures; genital plates about half as
long as sixth sternite, and distinctly longer than postventer. Length
4.5 mm.

Holotype female, San Antonio, Argentina, Reimoser (Vienna
Museum).

8. Galgupha (Euryscytus) contra sp. nov.

iL^neous-black, large corial marking pale yellow, abdominal spots
orange-yellow, tarsi testaceous, antennae and beak fusco-testaceous.

Head produced about length of eye beyond anterior transocular
line; anterior margin carinate, subtruncate medially, subsinuate later-
ally; tylus finely, lateral portions of vertex coarsely, and occipital
strip not at all, punctate; pronotum with sparse coarse punctures
laterally and in extremities of transverse impression, finely or obso-
letely punctate elsewhere; scutellum coarsely punctate antero-
laterally, finely so elsewhere except for anterior disk which is polished;
lateral area of metapleurum impunctate; sternites copiously punctate.

218

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

the punctures more lightly impressed medially, the fourth and fifth
moderately constricted medially, the sixth broadly subangulate an-
teriorly, thrice as long as ventral exposure of hypopygium, the latter
coarsely punctate, its hind margin scarcely reflexed, broadly sub-
angulate-emarginate medially, low convex laterally; dorsal rim of
hypopygium widest at lateral angles, the exterior half all around
nearly flat, the interior sloping, hind wall low, sloping, notched
medially. Length 3.5 mm.

Holotype male. Villa Lutecia, near San Ignacio, Misiones, Argen-
tina, 1911, E. R. Wagner (Paris Museum).

9. Galgupha (Euryscytus) contracta sp. nov.

Black with aeneous reflections, corial patch yellowish to reddish,
reaching claval suture, but only about one-third as long as corium;
touches of yellow or red about front end of tylus also; lateral spots on
abdominal segments yellowish to dull reddish, sometimes nearly
obsolete; tarsi, beak, and antennae testaceous, the latter two organs
sometimes subfuscous with the extremities of the segments paler.

Head produced about length of eye beyond anterior transocular
line; anterior margin not carinate-reflexed, varying from narrowly to
rather broadly rounded; puncturing of vertex varying from a few shal-
low punctures on each side of the disk, the remainder nearly impunc-
tate, to numerous distinct punctures, or even radiating wrinkles, with
only occipital portion smooth; punctures prominent only antero-
laterally on pronotum, and but lightly impressed everywhere on
scutellum, except in antero-lateral angles; corium only obsoletely
punctate, except along veins. Lateral area of metapleurum with a
few punctures along inner side. Beak reaching third sternite; sternites
shallowly punctate laterally, smoother medially, sixth angulate
anteriorly, preceding sternites somewhat constricted medially, fifth
most so; ventral exposure of hypopygium lightly punctate, trans-
versely channelled, hind margin as viewed from below, slightly con-
cave medially, convex laterally. (Fig. 88). Dorsal rim broad an-
teriorly and laterally, sloping from outer edge, somewhat tumid
within and anterior to lateral angles, hind wall thinner, more declivate.
Length 4-4.5 mm.

Holotype male, Gefe Lagoas, Alinas Geraes, Brazil, Dec. 17,
1898 (Stettin Museum); paratypes, Rio Negro, Parana, Brazil, H.
Beenke (Hamburg Museum) ; Sao Paulo, Breddin Collection (Deutsches
Ent. Inst.); Antonio da Barra (near Bahia), Brazil, Ch. Pujol (Paris
Museum).

An unsatisfactorily variable complex, apparently agreeing, how-
ever, in genital characters.

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 219

10. Galgupha (Euryscytus) corvina Horvath.

Euryscytus corvinus Horvath, G., Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., XVII, 1919, pp. 228-229

[Argentina].

Jet-black, shining, lateral abdominal spots pale yellow; beak,
antennse, and tarsi testaceous.

Vertex broader between eyes than long (Fig. 77), produced about
length of eye beyond anterior transocular line, truncate medially,
inconspicuously carinate-margined, coarsely but shallowly punctate,
except posteriorly where impunctate; pronotum coarsely punctate
antero-laterally, practically impunctate elsewhere; scutellum with
sparse, shallow punctures, impunctate on anterior disk; corium shal-
lowly punctate; lateral area of metapleurum acute, but not linear
anteriorly, impunctate (larger in female than in male) ; sternites with
numerous but not deeply impressed punctures, sixth subangulate
anteriorly in both sexes, fifth and fourth moderately constricted medi-
ally; ventral exposure of hypopygium nearly flat longitudinally (as
in other black-winged species), the posterior margin not at all re-
flexed, very shallowly concave as seen from below (Fig. 96;) dorsal
rim (Fig. 96) flat anteriorly, this portion below level of lateral angles,
where the rim is widest and more declivitous than anteriorly, hind wall
rather broad, moderately declivitous; puncturing of sternites more
pronounced in female than in male; genital plates half as long as sixth
sternite, a little longer than postventer, posterior margin concave.
Length 4-4.25 mm.

Holotype female, Tucuman, Argentina, 1906, Arpad Vezenyi
(Budapest Museum); other specimens from Quatro, Minas Geraes,
Brazil, E. R. Wagner, 1903; Laguna Mamaita, 25 kilometers north of
Icano, Chaco de Santiago del Estero, E. R. Wagner, 1904, 1914 (Paris
Museum); Catamarca (Argentine Museum); La Merced, and Zuviria,
Argentina, Reimoser (Vienna Museum); Petropolis, Brazil, Ohaus
(Dresden Museum).

II. Galgupha (Euryscytus) cruenta Horvath.

Euryscytus cruentus Horvath, G., Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., XVII, 1919, pp. 229-230

[Mexico].

Basal red or yellowish spot on corium extending from costa to claval
suture and about half as long as corium.

Vertex broadly rounded anteriorly, copiously punctate throughout
including tylus and occipital border; pronotum punctate throughout,
most decidedly so laterally, semi-obsoletely so over most of disk,
nearly smooth posteriorly, scutellum punctate throughout, least
conspicuously so on anterior disk; lateral metasternal area punctate
interiorly; sternites moderately punctate, smoother medially, especi-

220

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

ally sixth; narrow exposure of male hypopygium punctate, hind margin
moderately reflexed, convex medially, concave each side, dorsal rim
widest and highest at lateral angles, depressed elsewhere to or below
plane of central disk. Length 3.5-4 mm.

Ilolotype and paratypical males, Ocotlan, Mexico; paratype male,
Mexico, Procoff (Budapest Museum).

12. Galgupha (Euryscytus) curvata sp. nov.

Shining aeneous black, scutellum and elytra reddish-brown pos-
teriorly; corial patch and abdominal spots yellow; tarsi, antennae,
and beak testaceous.

Head produced about length of eye beyond anterior transocular
line, front margin slightly carinate, subtruncate medially and nearly
straight laterally in male, about evenly rounded between eyes in fe-
male; vertex punctate, except posteriorly, most coarsely so on lateral
portions of disk; pronotum coarsely punctate laterally, subobsoletely
so elsewhere, punctures slightly rastrate in extremities of transverse
impression; scutellum numerously punctate, the punctures fine on
posterior declivity, and nearly obsolete on anterior disk; corium
sparsely punctate except along veins; lateral area of metapleurum
attenuate anteriorly, impunctate; sternites copiously coarsely punc-
tate laterally, nearly smooth medially; sixth subangulate in both sexes,
the preceding sternites, however, not greatly constricted medially;
ventral exposure of male hypopygium moderate, punctate, hind mar-
gin only slightly reflexed, narrowly concave-emarginate medially, low
convex laterally, dorsal rim nearly flat, widest laterally, hind wall
thin; genital plates of female distinctly punctate, less than half as long
as sixth sternite, and scarcely equal to postventer, inner margins two-
thirds as long as posterior, the latter distinctly curved. Length
3.5-4 mm.

Holotype male. South America, Signoret Collection and allotype
female, Rio Grande do Sul (Vienna Museum).

13. Galgupha (Euryscytus) curvatula sp. nov.

/Eneous black, corial patch and abdominal spots yellow; beak,
antennae, and tarsi testaceous.

Head produced about length of eye beyond anterior transocular
line, front margin slightly carinate, subtruncate medially, low convex
laterally; vertex sparsely and shallowly punctate in general, impunc-
tate posteriorly; pronotum coarsely punctate laterally and about ex-
tremities of transverse impression, finely punctate along anterior
margin, almost impunctate elsewhere; scutellum numerously punc-
tate, the punctures fine on posterior declivity and practically obsolete
on anterior disk; corium punctate along veins and on anterior half
of mesocorium, but impunctate on posterior part of that moiety of

McAtee & Malloch; Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 221

the elytron; lateral area of metapleurum acute anteriorly, impunctate;
sternites numerously coarse-punctate laterally, nearly smooth medi-
ally; sixth rather broadly rounded anteriorly, fifth and fourth but
little constricted medially; genital plates finely punctate, about half
as long as sixth sternite and about equal to postventer; inner margins
about half as long as posterior, the latter nearly straight and trans-
verse. Length 3.5 mm.

Holotype female, Bahia, Brazil, A. David (Paris Museum).

14. Galgupha (Euryscytus) difficilis Breddin.

Thyreocoris difficilis Breddin G., Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. Gesell., XXXVI,

I, 1914, p. 55 [Brazil].

Black, marking on corium reddish-orange, extending along claval
suture until the latter disappears beneath scutellum, but scarcely
bordering scutellum (Fig. 41), produced a little farther posteriorly
on meso- than on exo-corium; lateral margins of sixth, fifth, and a
varying number of anterior sternites reddish.

Head produced about length of eye beyond anterior transocular
line, inconspicuously carinate-margined, truncate anteriorly; back of
vertex, disk of pronotum, and anterior disk of scutellum nearly im-
punctate; elsewhere dorsally numerous, distinct punctures are present;
lateral area of metapleurum triangular anteriorly with punctures
thickly grouped along inner margin; sternites copiously punctate,
sixth angulate and fifth to third subangulate anteriorly, little con-
stricted medially; ventral exposure of male hypopygium punctate,
transversely channelled, hind margin as in Figs. 86-87; dorsal rim
broad anteriorly and laterally, distinctly basined, thinner posteriorly
and depressed at median emargination. Sixth sternite of female
usually quite angulate anteriorly; genital plates moderately punctate,
less than half as long as sixth sternite, slightly shorter than postventer,
distinctly shorter on inner than on posterior margin, the latter concave.
Length 4-5 mm.

Holotype male and allotype female, Sao Paulo, Brazil, and paratype
female, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, Breddin Collection (Deutsch. Ent.
Inst.); specimens labelled maculipennis Germar, Brazil, but not type
material of that species (Berlin Museum); other specimens from
Missiones, Argentina (Argentine Museum), and from Sao Domingo,
Feb. 21, 22, 1922; Rio Putinga, March 4, 1922, Vermelho, June
14, 1922; Therezina, July ii, 1922; Pinheirinhos, April 18, 1923;
Foz do Iguassu, March 19, 1923, all localities in Parana, Brazil
(Warsaw Museum) ; Rio Negro, Parana, Reichensperger (Helsingfors
Museum); Theresopolis, Santa Catharina, Brazil, Fruhstorfer (Berlin
Museum); Itu, Brazil, 1901, J. de Joannis; San Ignacio, Argentina,

222

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

1911, E. R. Wagner (Paris Museum); Sao Paulo; Rio Grande do Sul,
Brazil, H. Taeuber (Munich Museum); and same locality, Stiegelmayr
(Vienna Museum); Tijuco Preto, Rio Negro, Parana, Brazil, R. Weyl
(Hamburg Museum).

15. Galgupha (Euryscytus) foveolata Jensen-Haarup.

Euryscytus foveolatus Jensen-Haarup, A. C., Ent. Meddel., XVI, 1926, pp. 47-48

[Brazil].

Jet-black, shining; corium and posterior part of scutellum reddish-
brown; basal pale marking of corium about one-fourth as long as
corium, ill defined, but little longer on meso- than on exo-corium;
beak, antennae, and tarsi, testaceous; legs castaneous; lateral pale
spots of abdomen conspicuous both above and below.

Head narrowly rounded, almost subacute anteriorly, produced
nearly twice length of eye beyond anterior transocular line, dis-
tinctly carinate-margined; tylus expanded subapically, prominent
apically; vertex coarsely, subcontiguously punctate, except for narrow
occipital margin; pronotum punctate throughout, transverse impres-
sion usually deep, and conspicuously rastrate; humeral prominences
and sinuation of lateral margins in front of them a little more de-
veloped than in other species; scutellum distinctly punctate through-
out, more or less transversely wrinkled; puncturing of corium deeper
and more conspicuous than in other species; lateral areaof metapleurum
acute anteriorly, scarcely punctate; sternites copiously punctate,
smoother medially; sixth sternite of male broadly subangulate an-
teriorly, fifth and fourth slightly constricted medially; ventral exposure
of hypopygium large, coarsely punctate, only slightly concave in
profile, hind margin nearly straight (or very slightly concave) across
median two-thirds; dorsal rim of hypopygium flat, reticulate an-
teriorly, sloping, punctate, and wider laterally, hind wall thin and
steeply declivate; sixth sternite of female broadly rounded anteriorly,
fifth and fourth only slightly constricted medially; genital plates
coarsely punctate, about half as long as sixth sternite, fully as long as
postventer, hind margins very slightly concave; subgenital plates
semi-elliptic, about one-fourth the area of genital plates. Length
3-5-3-75 mm.

Ilolotype male, allotype female, and paratypes a pair, Lagoa Santa,
Brazil, Reinhardt (Copenhagen Museum); Brazil, L. Sahlberg (Stock-
holm Museum); Brazil, Sellow, Olfers (Berlin Museum); Brazil,
Barreto, 1840; Minas Geraes, Brazil, 2100 meters; Montagnes des
Orgues, Province of Rio Janeiro, Brazil, E. R. Wagner, 1902 (Paris
Museum); Pernambuco (British Museum); Petropolis, Sept. 23,
1891, A. Mueller (Munich Museum).

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 223

1 6. Galgupha (Euryscytus) insula sp. nov.

Black, sometimes with aeneous or purplish reflections; corial patch
pale yellow to orange, extending farther posteriorly on meso- than on
exo-corium; tarsi, beak, and three basal segments of antennae, testace-
ous, apical segments fuscous; abdomen without pale lateral spots.

Head (slightly deformed in the type) produced a little more than
length of an eye beyond anterior transocular line, carinate-margined,
truncate anteriorly, sinuate laterally; posterior portion of vertex,
median parts of pronotum and anterior disk of scutellum almost
impunctate, remainder of upper surface with distinct, chiefly round,
punctures. Lateral area of metapleurum broad anteriorly with two
to three rows of punctures along inner margin; within the postero-
lateral angle of metapleurum is a heavily punctate rounded depres-
sion almost imitating the ostiolar field in texture. Sternites copiously
punctate medially, all the sutures with sweeping anterior curvatures;
sixth sternite of male angulate anteriorly (the apex rounded) sinuate
sublaterally, as long as the preceding sternites together, of which the
third to the fifth are slightly constricted medially, with slight anterior
median convexities; posterior margin of sixth sternite evenly con-
cave, distinctly though slightly reflexed; ventral exposure of hypo-
pygium, punctate, distinctly channelled transversely, the reflexed
hind margin, broadly concave medially, convex laterally; dorsal rim
of hypopygium broad, most so laterally, slightly sloping inwardly
from all sides; sixth sternite of female broadly rounded anteriorly,
concave posteriorly, about equal in length to genital plates and post-
venter together; genital plates punctate, about equal in length to
postventer, inner margins slightly elevated, about two-thirds as long
as posterior, the latter slightly concave. Length 5 mm.

Holotype male and allotype female, Hohenau, Alto Parana, Paraguay,
H. Richter (Berlin Museum); paratypes Paraguay and Santa Clara,
Paraguay, Cosset, 1900 (Paris Museum); and Missiones, Argentina
(Argentine Museum).

17. Galgupha (Euryscytus) jaczewskii McAtee and Malloch.

Galgupha {Euryscytus) jaczewskii McAtee, W. L. and Malloch, J. R., Ann. Mus.

Zool. Poland, VII, 1928, pp. 38-39 [Brazil].

Black with purplish reflections, corial mark pale yellow, about a
third as long as corium; third to sixth segments with pale yellow lateral
spots both above and below; beak, tarsi, and antennae testaceous.

Head almost evenly rounded anteriorly, produced about one and
one-half times length of eye beyond anterior transocular line, carinate-
margined; vertex with a fairly large postero-median area impunctate;
punctures elsewhere numerous and coarse but shallow; pronotum with
coarse and deep punctures antero-laterally, punctures almost obsolete

224

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

discally, most evident in a slender series in transverse impression;
scutellum punctate except on anterior disk, most decidedly so near
antero-lateral angles; sternites two to five with well marked punctures,
fifth sternite only half as long at middle as at lateral margins; sixth
sternite with punctures obsolete over most of disk, narrowly rounded
anteriorly, about as long as anterior sternites together; ventral ex-
posure of hypopygium large, polished, only faintly punctate, not
channelled transversely, posterior margin low convex (Fig. loi),
sometimes slightly sinuate laterally; cavity opening postero-dorsally,
dorsal rim broad and basined anteriorly and laterally, thin and high
posteriorly (Fig. loi). Length 3.5-4 mm.

Holotype and paratype males, Rio Jordao, April 22, 1922, and
male paratype Rio Clara, Serra da Experanca, Feb. 4, 1922, Parana,
Brazil (Polish Museum).

18. Galgupha (Euryscytus) labrata sp. nov.

^neous black, basal third of corium pale yellowish, apical two-
thirds fuscous to black; postero-lateral angles of metasternum pale;
semi-circular spots on lateral margins of abdominal segments both
above and below yellow; tibiae and beak castaneous, tarsi and an-
tennae testaceous.

Head narrowly rounded anteriorly, produced about length of eye
beyond anterior transocular line, vertex moderately punctate, except
posteriorly; pronotum and scutellum glossy, only finely punctate
discally, but more distinctly so laterally; corium only sparsely punc-
tured between veins; sternites moderately punctate, a little smoother
medially; sixth subangulate anteriorly, the preceding three sternites
moderately constricted medially; genital plates punctate, less than half
as long as sixth sternite, and slightly shorter than postventer, inner
margins about one-third as long as posterior, the latter slightly con-
cave, the former abruptly elevated forming conjointly an oval promi-
nence, highest subapically. Length 3.8 mm.

Holotype female, without data. Fry Collection (British Aluseum).

A notable character of the species is the presence of but two pos-
terodorsal bristles on the hind tibia.

19. Galgupha (Euryscytus) laevis Stab

C [orimelcBna] loevis Stal, C., Rio Hemip. I, 1862, p. 8 [Brazil].

Corimelcena integra Walker, Francis, Catalogue, I, 1867, p. 80 [Brazil].

Bronzy black, corium more reddish-tinged, especially on base of
costa, corial patch sometimes faintly indicated; sternites three to six
with yellowish lateral spots; beak, antennae, and tarsi, testaceous.

Head broadly rounded (sometimes subtruncate) anteriorly, pro-
duced less than half length of eye beyond anterior transocular line,

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 225

carinate-margined ; punctures nearly obsolete on back of vertex, disk
of pronotum, and anterior disk of scutellum, numerous and well-
marked elsewhere dorsally; lateral area of metapleurum attenuated to
a mere line anteriorly, impunctate; sternites copiously punctate,
smoother medially; sixth subangulate in males (Fig. 82), narrowly
rounded in females (Fig. 79), about as long as preceding three together,
each of which is somewhat constricted medially; ventral exposure of
male hypopygium, large, punctate, almost flat longitudinally; dorsal
rim (Fig. 93) broad anteriorly and laterally (widest here), moderately
basined, a little tumid within lateral angles, posterior portion thin,
declivate; genital plates of female punctate (Fig. 79), about equal
in length to postventer, inner margins somewhat elevated, shorter
than posterior, the latter slightly oblique and concave. Length 4-5 mm.

Holotype and paratypical males, Brazil, F. Sahlberg (Stockholm
Museum); other specimens from Montagnes des Orgues, near La
Tijuca, Province of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, E. R. Wagner, 1902 (Paris
Museum); and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Vienna Museum); holotype
male and allotype female of Integra Walker, Rio de Janeiro (British
Museum).

20. Galgupha (Euryscytus) lucretia sp. nov.

Black with a steely-blue luster, corial marking orange-red, more
than half as long as corium, distinctly longer on meso- than on exo-
corium, bordering scutellum nearly a millimeter behind claval suture;
no lateral pale markings on abdomen; beak, antennae, and tarsi
testaceous.

Head slightly sinuate before eyes and rounded anteriorly, produced
about length of eye beyond anterior transocular line, without carinate-
margin; puncturing traceable on almost entire dorsal surface but
nearly obsolete on discal portions; lateral area of metapleurum fairly
broad anteriorly about two-thirds of its width occupied by two
irregular rows of punctures. Sternites moderately punctate, smoother
medially; sixth angulate anteriorly in male, not reflexed at apex, and
slightly convex in center of apical outline; ventral exposure of hypo-
pygium punctate, the posterior margin (Fig. 92) distinctly almost
evenly reflexed, though slightly convex, as viewed from above or
below, dorsal rim broad anteriorly and laterally rather abruptly
declivate to the central basin, posteriorly the rim is slightly depressed
and otherwise as described in key. Sixth sternite of female sub-
angulate anteriorly, genital plates coarsely punctate, shorter than
fifth sternite at middle, about half as long as sixth and about equal
to postventer; inner margin shorter than posterior, the latter straight.
Length 5-5.5 mm.

Holotype male, Sta. Lucretia, Sta. Cruz, Mexico, June 22, 1905, F.
Knab (U. S. N. M.); allotype female, Guatemala (Breddin Collection.

226

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Deutsch. Ent. Inst.); three female paratypes, Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico,
February, H. H. Smith (British Museum).

21. Galgupha (Euryscytus) mammula sp. nov.

Distinctly aeneous; corial patch pale yellow; no lateral spots on
sternites; beak and antennae castaneous; tarsi testaceous.

Head produced less than length of eye beyond anterior transocular
line; vertex obliquely wrinkled on each side of tylus anteriorly,
shallowly punctate almost throughout, anterior margin distinctly
reflexed, convex in outline, a little emarginate medially; pronotum
coarsely, but shallowly, punctate antero-laterally, more finely and
sparsely punctate elsewhere; scutellum numerously punctate periph-
erally, almost impunctate on anterior disk; clavus extrorsely, meso-
corium and veins punctate; lateral area of metapleurum truncate
anteriorly, punctate interiorly; sternites numerously coarse-punctate
laterally, smoother medially, impunctate on middle of fifth and sixth;
anterior margin of sixth sternite subangulate, produced medially,
undulate sublaterally, the preceding sternites with parallel, but
less pronounced undulations, none of them very much constricted
medially, sixth sternite shorter on median line than fifth and fourth
combined; genital plates punctate, about two-thirds as long as sixth
sternite and about equal to postventer; inner margins about two-
thirds as long as posterior, the latter slightly concave, but transverse
in position, inner posterior angles slightly elevated. Length, 5 mm.

Holotype female, S. Catarina, Liiderwalt (Stettin Museum).

22. Galgupha (Euryscytus) nitida sp. nov. |

Black, highly polished, with aeneous reflections; corial marking
stramineous, only about one-fourth as long as corium, nearly as long
on exo- as on meso-corium, bordering claval suture for about three-
fourths of its length; sternites three to six with yellowish lateral spots;
beak, antennae, and tarsi testaceous or paler.

Head subtriangular anteriorly, produced more than twice length of
eye beyond anterior transocular line, feebly carinate-margined ; a few j
subobsolete punctures discernible on head, whole dorsum of pronotum j
practically impunctate; scutellum impunctate on anterior disk and j
apical fourth, moderately punctate elsewhere, the punctures deepest
near antero-lateral angles. Lateral area of metapleurum angulate ji
but not linear, anteriorly without punctures. Sixth sternite of male ji
angulate or subangulate anteriorly; ventral exposure of hypopygium jj
punctate, hind margin scarcely reflexed, slightly and shallowly con- ,
cave as seen from above or below, dorsal rim broad, coarsely pitted, I
anterior portion almost level, the transversely elliptical basin, exca- I
vated from the lateral angles and posterior wall, the latter thin and of |
nearly uniform height. Sixth sternite of female rounded anteriorly

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 227

and posteriorly, genital plates about half as long as sixth sternite,
and about as long as postventer, coarsely punctate, the inner edges
distinctly elevated, and inner angles slightly produced, hind margin
slightly concave. Length 3-4 mm.

Holotype male, and allotype female, Paraiso, Canal Zone, Jan. 17,
1911, Aug. Busck; paratypes, same locality, Jan. 20, 1911, E. A.
Schwarz, July 17, A. H. Jennings; Porto Bello, Panama, March 12,
1911, Aug. Busck; March 9, 1911, E. A. Schwarz; Tabernilla, Canal
Zone, July 31; Cabima, Panama, May 17, 1911, Aug. Busck (U. S.
N. M.).

23. Galgupha (Euryscytus) obesa sp. nov.

Black, corial patch yellowish near costa, suffused with reddish brown
on mesocorium, about half as long as corium; no pale lateral spots on
abdomen; beak, antennae, and tarsi testaceous.

Body thick, short, obovoid; head produced about length of eye be-
yond anterior transocular line, deflexed, carinate-margined, truncate
medially, punctures only slightly impressed on vertex, pronotum
(except laterally), and disk of scutellum; broad peripheral region of
scutellum with numerous well marked punctures; corium distinctly
punctate, except on subcosta anteriorly and mesocorium posteriorly.
Sternites with copious fine puncturing, polished medially, sixth
extensively so, and with a few coarser punctures laterally, except on
second on which they are distributed all the way across; sixth sternite
rounded subangulate anteriorly (Eig. 83), fifth, fourth, and third
slightly constricted medially; ventral exposure of hypopygium short,
punctate, only slightly channelled transversely, hind margin (Fig. 83)
most prominent medially, this portion shallowly emarginate, a shallow
sinuation also on each side of central lobe, lateral portions convex.
Length 3.5 mm.

Holotype male, San Luis, Paraguay, Reimoser (Vienna Museum).

A feature of the type specimen is the minutely shagreened or
alutaceous surface of the abdominal sternites, which character is to a
lesser extent also noticeable on the vertex.

24. Galgupha (Euryscytus) opacifrons sp. nov.

Black, shining, slightly aeneous, corial patch and abdominal spots
yellow to pale orange; tarsi stramineous, beak and antennae testaceous.

Head produced about twice length of eye beyond anterior trans-
ocular line; front margin slightly carinate, outline between eyes a para-
bolic curve; eye slightly recessive, the outline a little incurved (Fig.
76); vertex coarsely punctate discally, finely punctate laterally, and
impunctate posteriorly; pronotum coarsely punctate laterally, finely
punctate elsewhere, the punctures in region of transverse impression

228

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

more or less rastrate; scutellum punctate throughout, the punctures
coarsest antero-laterally, finest antero-discally ; corium punctate along
veins and on pale part of mesocorium, the posterior part of mesocorium
largely impunctate; lateral area of metapleurum small, acute an-
teriorly, punctate, if at all, at juncture with ostiolar surface; sternites
coarsely punctate laterally, nearly smooth medially; sixth subangulate
anteriorly, the preceding sternites, however, but little constricted medi-
ally; ventral exposure of hypopygium ample, punctate, scarcely chan-
nelled transversely, hind margin (Fig. 98) concave medially, convex
laterally; dorsal rim distinctly widest laterally, anterior portion slightly
depressed forming a transverse crescentic area, which is not so steeply
declivate interiorly as the lateral and posterior walls, hind wall high,
thin at top, central basin deep, capacious. Length 4 mm.

Holotype and paratypical males, Chapada, Brazil, October, H. H.
Smith (Carnegie Museum).

25. Galgupha (Euryscytus) opercula sp. nov.

Dull aeneous-black, costa and scutellum posteriorly reddish-brown;
beak, antennae, and tarsi testaceous. |

Vertex broad, subtruncate anteriorly, carinate-margined, trans- j
versely wrinkled, copiously and coarsely punctate; pronotum plenti- |
fully punctate throughout, most coarsely so antero-laterally; scutellum '
punctate throughout, but not so thickly so as pronotum; corium |
mostly punctate. Lateral area of metapleurum acute anteriorly, j
impunctate. Sternites with numerous coarse punctures, somewhat ,
smoother medially; sixth subangulate anteriorly, about equal in
length to anterior three together, each of which is noticeably con- |
stricted medially; ventral exposure of male hypopygium large, semi- j
circular, coarsely punctate, all margins raised, the posterior almost 1
straight (Fig. 94); dorsal rim (Fig. 94) narrow anteriorly, declivate I
interiorly, lateral angles broad, basined, hind wall thin, steeply slop- i
ing within. Length 4.5 mm. I;

Holotype male, Mexico, 1883, Bilimek (Vienna Museum). |

26. Galgupha (Euryscytus) parae sp. nov. ,

The description of apicata will serve in almost every respect for j
parce, except as noted in key and as follows: lateral area of meta- i
pleurum punctate interiorly; ventral exposure of male hypopygium
channelled transversely. Length 3-3.5 mm. I

Holotype male, Para, Brazil (Carnegie Museum) and allotype fe- j
male, same locality, Uhler Collection (U. S. N. M.).

27. Galgupha (Euryscytus) parallela sp. nov.

Black, highly polished, corial marking pale yellowish, about one-
third length of corium; lateral spots on segments yellowish, not joined

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 229

along connexivum in specimens seen; beak, antennae, and tarsi testa-
ceous.

Head narrowly rounded anteriorly, produced about one and one-
half times length of eye beyond anterior transocular line; vertex feebly
carinate-margined, almost impunctate; numerous punctures traceable
on pronotum, but shallow and ill defined; punctures evident on
scutellum, except on anterior disk and on apex, deepest, as usual,
near antero-lateral angles. Lateral area of metapleurum angulate,
but not acuminate anteriorly, more or less punctate on inner margin.
Sixth sternite of male subangulate anteriorly, fifth and fourth moder-
ately constricted medially; ventral exposure of hypopygium short,
punctate, transversely channelled, hind margin (Fig. 103) almost
evenly concave; dorsal rim (Fig. 103) rather flat anteriorly, well
basined within lateral angles and hind wall, which is thin, moder-
ately high, and has two indistinct straight, transverse ridges across
inner face; sixth sternite of female rounded anteriorly, slightly convex
in middle posteriorly; genital plates coarsely punctate, a little less
than half as long as sixth sternite, about equal to postventer, inner
margin shorter than posterior, slightly elevated, inner posterior angles
not at all produced, posterior margin straight. Length 4 mm.

Holotype male and allotype female, Santarem, Brazil, June 1919,
S. M. Klages (Carnegie Museum); paratypes, Coroico, Bolivia, H.
Taeuber (Munich Museum).

There is a pale yellowish mark at the apex of costa of corium in this
species, least noticeable in the male, and in this respect the species
resembles apicata, but the basal corial yellow mark is much smaller
than in that species, and the basin of the male hypopygium is more
evenly and extensively excavated.

28. Galgupha (Euryscytus) punctata sp. nov.

Black, rather dull anteriorly, more shining posteriorly, corium and
scutellum reddish-brown apically; connexivum reddish, connecting
the lateral abdominal spots; edge of hypopygium reddish; beak, an-
tennae, and tarsi testaceous.

Head produced only about half length of eye beyond anterior
transocular line, truncate medially, sinuate between eye and trunca-
tion, distinctly carinate-margined; vertex broader between eyes than
long, with few, shallow, coarse punctures on each side of the middle; a
group of large, deep punctures near lateral margin of pronotum, and
near anterior angle of scutellum, a band of semi-obsolete punctures
across middle of scutellum; corium with normal puncturing; on re-
mainder of dorsum (including apical portions of scutellum and this is
unusual) puncturing is obsolete; lateral area of metapleurum broad,
impunctate, angulate anteriorly; sternites numerously punctate,
smoother medially; sixth subangulate anteriorly, fifth and fourth

230

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

moderately constricted medially; ventral exposure of hypopygium,
large, punctate, almost flat longitudinally, dorsal rim as in Fig. 95;
hind margin (Fig. 95) slightly concave medially, convex laterally.
Length 4.5 mm.

Holotype male, Mexico, Uhler Collection (U. S. N. M.).

29. Galgupha (Euryscytus) rasilis Horvath.

Eiiryscytus rasilis Horvath, G., Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., XVH, 1919, p. 230 [Brazil].

i^]neous-black, highly polished, apical portions of corium and
scutellum more or less reddish-brown; corial patch yellowish, about a
third as long as corium; lateral abdominal spots on segments three to
six in both sexes; similar spots on ultimate segment of female; beak,
antennae, and tarsi stramineous.

Head narrowly rounded anteriorly, produced about one and one-
half times length of eye beyond anterior transocular line; feebly
carinate-margined ; vertex in general numerously, but shallowly,
punctate, impunctate posteriorly; pronotum with only faint traces of
punctures, puncturing slightly evident in a broad band behind middle,
and well marked near antero-lateral angles of scutellum; corium
punctate basally, impunctate apically, except along veins; lateral
area of metapleurum, angulate, but not acuminate, anteriorly, with a
row of punctures along inner side in male, and two rows in female;
sternites sparsely punctate, the sixth in both sexes polished discally
and very broadly rounded anteriorly (sometimes with a slight secondary
angulation in middle in males), the fifth and fourth much, and the
third slightly, constricted medially.

Ventral exposure of hypopygium polished, but with a few semi-
obsolete punctures, slightly channelled transversely, the hind margin
rounded, broadly and shallowly concave emarginate, over two-thirds
of its width, convex laterally; dorsal rim broad and flat anteriorly, a
little tumid within lateral angles, the hind wall on account of its
emargination, depressed medially almost to level of bottom of basin.
Genital plates of female, punctate, about as long on inner as on
posterior margin, two-thirds as long as sixth sternite and twice as
long as postventer, the inner posterior angles slightly elevated and
produced, hind margin slightly concave. Length 3.25-4 mm.

Holotype male and allotype female, Brazil (Budapest Museum);
other specimens from Chapada, Brazil, various months (A. M. N. H.;
Carnegie Museum); Santarem, Brazil (Carnegie Museum); Brazil
and Para, Brazil, Uhler Collection (U. S. N. M.); Bolivia (Argentine
Museum); Rio Dagua and Cali, Colombia, W. F. H. Rosenberg;
Demerara, Guiana (U. S. N. M.); Sao Paulo, Brazil, Breddin Collec-
tion, and a specimen mislabelled “Eastwood, Toronto, VIII,” Breddin
Collection (Deutsch. Entomologisches Institut); San Esteban,

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the THVREOcoRiNiE. 231

March 1888, E. Simon (Helsingfors Museum); Paramaribo, Surinam,
October 1908, January, Heller; Obidos, Amazonas, Brazil, H. Rolle
(Berlin Museum); Bogota, Lindig (Stockholm Museum); Brazil;
Province del Sara, Bolivia, Steinbach (Stettin Museum); St. Jean du
Maroni, French Guiana, 1914, R. Benoist; Boura, Rorota, French
Guiana, 1909, A. Bonhoure (Paris Museum); Peru, Demerara (British
Museum); Paramaribo, Dutch Guiana, C. Heller; Itatiaya, Brazil,
700 meters, Dec. 6, 1926, F. Ohaus (Hamburg Museum); Cauca,
Colombia, H. Taeuber; French Guiana (Munich Museum).

30. Galgupha (Euryscytus) regularis sp. nov.

Black, shining, with somewhat aeneous reflections; corial patch
yellow; abdominal spots orange-reddish; ventral appendages missing.

Head produced about one and one-half times length of eye beyond
anterior transocular line, front margin slightly reflexed, almost evenly
rounded; vertex with coarse punctures on disk of each half, finer ones
anteriorly, tylus and occipital region almost impunctate; pronotum
with some coarse punctures antero-laterally, but with only fine
punctures or none elsewhere; scutellum nearly smooth discally, punc-
tate peripherally, the punctures coarse anteriorly, finer posteriorly;
lateral area of metapleurum punctate along extreme inner margin;
sternites with a moderate number of coarse punctures laterally, fewer
and finer ones medially; sixth sternite subangulate anteriorly, longer
than the preceding three together; each of these sternites has a secon-
dary rondure at middle of anterior outline; ventral exposure of hypo-
pygium punctate, slightly channelled transversely, hind margin
(Fig. 90) shallowly concave almost from side to side; dorsal rim broad
and only slightly sloping inwardly all the way round between lateral
angles, reticulate and finely striate; hind wall high, steeply declivate.
Length 4.5 mm.

Holotype male, La Plata, Breddin Collection (Deutsch. Ent. Inst.).

31. Galgupha (Euryscytus) romana sp. nov.

iFneous-black, polished; corial marking, somewhat longer on meso-
than on exo-corium, lateral abdominal spots, beak, antennae, and tarsi
sordid reddish yellow.

Head subangulate anteriorly, produced distinctly more than length
of eye beyond anterior transocular line, carinate-margined ; coarsely
but shallowly punctate, except on tylus posteriorly and occipital
region, which are impunctate; pronotum without conspicuous punc-
tures, semiobsolete punctures most noticeable about humeral promi-
nences; scutellum nearly impunctate on anterior disk, and posterior
third, moderately punctate elsewhere; corium punctate along veins

232

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

and with a group of coarse punctures in a slightly depressed area on
mesocorium just posterior to color marking, nearly impunctate else-
where; lateral area of metapleurum acute anteriorly, punctate in-
teriorly; sternites with a moderate number of coarse punctures; sixth
sternite of male broadly subangulate anteriorly; ventral exposure of
hypopygium coarsely punctate, slightly channelled transversely, hind
margin slightly concave medially, convex laterally; dorsal rim broadest
laterally, moderately sloping and reticulate within lateral angles and
anteriorly, hind wall thin, almost vertical within; sixth sternite of
female rounded anteriorly, longer than the preceding two, but shorter
than the preceding three sternites together, these only slightly con-
stricted medially; genital plates coarsely punctate, about half as long
as sixth sternite, and equal to postventer; inner margin distinctly
shorter than posterior, the latter straight and transverse. Length
4.5 mm.

Holotype female, Brazil, Signoret Collection (Vienna Museum);
paratype female, Curityba, Brazil, 1912, P. Lombard (Paris Museum);
allotype male and paratypes, Fry Collection (British Museum).

32. Galgupha (Euryscytus) rostrata sp. nov.

Black, shining; lateral abdominal spots and corial marking, yellow-
ish, the latter but little longer on meso- than on exo-corium, extending
to claval suture, but not to edge of scutellum, about one-third as long j
as corium; beak, antennae, and tarsi testaceous.

Head narrowly rounded, almost subangulate anteriorly, produced |
one and one-half times length of eye beyond anterior transocular line,
feebly carinate-margined; vertex with coarse punctures, some of them
connected by furrows, an impunctate area posteriorly; pronotum with
numerous coarse punctures laterally, and a few shallower ones in j
transverse impression, otherwise nearly impunctate; anterior disk of 1
scutellum impunctate, a group of coarse punctures near each antero- j
lateral angle, remainder of surface with numerous shallower punctures;
lateral area of metapleurum narrow, finger-like anteriorly, without I
punctures; sternites copiously punctate, sixth subangulate anteriorly, ■
fifth slightly constricted medially; ventral exposure of hypopygium !
punctate, hind margin (Fig. 97) scarcely reflexed, almost evenly ||
though slightly convex, dorsal rim (Fig. 97) broad, almost level ;
anteriorly, sloping laterally, however, into the capacious transverse
central basin, hind margin not depressed, thin at edge, but thickened |:
submarginally at middle, forming a bridge to central disk. Length ;j
5-6 mm. '!

Holotype male, Brazil, Gaudichaud, 1883 (Paris Museum). j

This species has the beak much as in Galgupha {Bonaria) longirostris i
Berg, but the conspicuous pale yellow lateral spots on sternites, the |
presence of a quite strong anterior lateral bristle on all sternites from

IVIcAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 233

third to fifth inclusive, and the less elongate form of the insect combine
to distinguish it abundantly therefrom. The mid tibiae are missing in
the type specimen so that we are unable to decide whether they are,
or are not, carinate on posterior side.

33. Galgupha (Euryscytus) sahlbergi sp. nov.

iEneous-black, abdominal spots pale orange, tarsi testaceous, beak
and antennae fusco-testaceous.

Head produced less than length of eye beyond anterior transocular
line; anterior margin only slightly carinate, truncate medially, shal-
lowly sinuate laterally; vertex with only scattered shallow punctures;
pronotum with a few coarse punctures antero-laterally, almost im-
punctate elsewhere; scutellum with numerous coarse punctures on
anterior half of periphery, polished elsewhere; lateral area of meta-
pleurum acute anteriorly, impunctate; sternites copiously punctate,
smoother medially; the sixth broadly subangulate anteriorly, with
rounded angulations sublaterally, the outlines of preceding sternites
correspondingly sinuate, the fourth and fifth but slightly constricted
medially, the sixth broadly smooth medially, broadly convex in middle
posteriorly; genital plates inserted at a steep angle to plane of middle
of sixth sternite, punctate, inner margins three-fourths as long as pos-
terior, the latter slightly concave, and posteriorly oblique. Length
5 mm.

Holotype female, Petropolis, Brazil, F. Sahlberg (Helsingfors Mu-
seum).

34. Galgupha (Euryscytus) signatipennis Germar.

0 [dontos cells] signatipennis Germar, E. F., Zeitschr. f. Ent., I, 1839, p. 42 [Brazil].
Acrotmetus cetratus Horvath, G., Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., XVII, 1919, p. 226

[Brazil].

iEneous-black, corial patch about one-third length of corium, and
about equally long on^meso- and exo-corium, varying from pale yellow
to clear reddish; connexivum reddish in some specimens, but there are
no distinct lateral abdominal spots; tarsi, antennae, and beak testa-
ceous, the last two organs sometimes much infuscated.

Head varying from narrowly to evenly rounded, or slightly truncate
anteriorly, produced about length of eye beyond anterior transocular
line, feebly carinate-margined; vertex numerously punctate, except
posteriorly; pronotum coarsely punctate laterally, punctures fairly
prominent also in extremities of transverse impression, subobsolete
elsewhere; scutellum almost impunctate on anterior disk, rather
copiously punctate elsewhere; mesocorium and veins punctate; lateral
area of metapleurum broad anteriorly, punctate interiorly; sternites
with numerous coarse punctures laterally, smoother medially, the sixth

234

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

and immediately preceding sternites subangulate anteriorly, the sixth
longer than all the preceding sternites together, its posterior margin
concave, distinctly reflexed; ventral exposure of hypopygium sparsely
punctate, transversely channelled, hind margin broadly (sometimes
only shallowly) concave medially (Figs. 91), convex laterally; dorsal
rim (Fig. 91) broad, almost evenly basined laterally and anteriorly,
more declivate posteriorly; internal genitalia of male as in Fig. 84.
Genital plates (Fig. 80) of female sparingly punctate, slightly longer
than postventer, inner margin nearly as long as posterior, the latter
transverse. Length 4-5 mm.

Except for the subgeneric characters, and average smaller size, this
species is a close mimic of Galgupha (Acrotmetus) schulzi. Pronotum
and scutellum sometimes more or less transversely wrinkled and
rastrate. Hind coxae as in Figs. 2-3.

Holotype in Lwow Museum labelled signatipennis m., Brazil; type
material of Acrotmetus cetratus Horvath, Espirito Santo, Brazil,
Staudinger, 1898 (Budapest Museum) ; other specimens from Paraguay
and Santa Clara, Paraguay, Gosset, 1900 (Paris Museum); Rio Claro,
Serra da Esperanza, February 7, 1922; Sao Domingo, February 7;
Rio da Areira, March 18, 19, 1922; Fazenda Durski, March 31, April
5, 6, 1922; Rio Jordao, April 22, 1922; Cara Pintada, June 2, 1922;
Salto de Uba, Rio Ivahy, July 30, 1922; Rio Ubasinho, August 17,
1922; Villa Rica, Rio Ivahy, December 25, 1922, all in Parana, Brazil
(Warsaw Museum); Hohenau, Alto Parana, Paraguay, Richter
(Berlin Museum); Est. de Parana, Rio Negro, M. Witte (Deutsches
Ent. Inst.); San Antonio, Argentina, Reimoser (Vienna Museum);
Petropolis, Brazil, Ohaus (Dresden Museum); Fry Collection (British
Museum).

35. Galgupha (Euryscytus) smidtii Fabricius.

T [etyra] smidtii Fabricius, J. C., Systema Rhyngotorum, 1803, p. 143 [Amer.

merid-l.

iEneous-black, corial spot pale yellowish, about half as long as
corium, longer on meso- than on exo-corium, and not extending beyond
claval suture; beak, antennae, and tarsi testaceous, legs castaneous to
black, abdominal segments three to six with pale lateral spots, con-
nexivum mostly pale.

Vertex of the narrowly, rather than broadly, rounded type, coarsely
punctate laterally, more finely punctate on tylus, and impunctate on
occiput; pronotum with a group of coarse punctures laterally extend-
ing slightly mesad along transverse impression, but with only slight
rastration elsewhere, pronotal surface more highly polished in male
than in female; scutellum moderately punctate, except on anterior disk;

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorinh!:. 235

lateral area of metapleurum acute anteriorly, not punctate; sternites
moderately punctate, not smooth medially except sixth; sixth broadly
rounded anteriorly in female, fourth and fifth only slightly con-
stricted medially; genital plates decidedly shorter on inner than on
posterior margins, coarsely punctate, except on the slightly elevated
inner margins, which are only a little produced apically, the posterior
margin, therefore, only slightly concave; subgenital plates semi-oval,
about half the area of the genital plates; sixth sternite of male sub-
angulate apically, the fifth and fourth therefore somewhat more con-
stricted medially than in the female, but scarcely to half their lateral
dimensions; ventral exposure of hypopygium large, sparsely punctate,
scarcely concave as seen from the side, hind margin concave medially
(Fig. 102); dorsal rim (Fig. 102) coarsely punctate, broadest at lateral
angles, anterior portion gently sloping, bounded on inner side by a
definite polished line, rim more decidedly sloping within lateral angles,
though there are tumid areas there, hind wall steeply declivate. Length
3.5 mm.

Holotype female and allotype male, Amer. mer. Schmidt, Mus.
Tond. Lund (Copenhagen Museum). The specimen at Kiel, labelled
''smidtii, Mittelamerika” probably is rasilis Horvath, but is specifi-
cally unidentifiable, because the hypopygium is damaged. Brazil,
Sellow, Olfers (Berlin Museum).

36. Galgupha (Euryscytus) valvata sp. nov.

Black with aeneous reflections, corial mark, about equally long on
meso- and exo-corium, less than one-fourth as long as corium, pale
yellow, suffused with dusky interiorly; pale yellowish lateral spots on
segments not joined along connexivum; beak, antennae, and tarsi
testaceous.

Head narrowly rounded anteriorly, produced about length of eye
beyond anterior transocular line, carinate-margined ; vertex with
numerous deep punctures, a considerable area at back, however, al-
most impunctate; pronotum with a narrow band of distinct punctures
near each margin, but remainder nearly free from punctures; scutellum
smooth on anterior disk, lightly punctate over most of the remaining
surface, distinctly punctate near antero-lateral angles; corium punc-
tate on basal half, almost impunctate apically, except along veins.
Lateral area of metapleurum acute, but not acuminate anteriorly,
impunctate; sternites coarsely punctured laterally, smoother medially,
the larger punctures more or less rastrate; the sixth sternite sub-
angulate anteriorly, preceding sternites noticeably shorter medially
than laterally; genital plates three-fourths as long as the sixth sternite,
longer than postventer; they are in a plane of about 45° from the
horizontal axis of the insect, posterior margin decidedly concave.
Length 4 mm.

Holotype female, Guiana, Leprieur, 2-39 (Paris Museum).

236

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

37. Galgupha (Euryscytus) varipennis sp. nov.

Black with aeneous reflections, elytral marking bicolored, as de-
scribed in key, scarcely one-fourth as long as corium ; corium posteriorly,
hind margin of scutellum and edge of abdomen both above and below,
reddish; beak, tarsi, and antennae testaceous, the two apical segments
of latter infuscated.

Head almost evenly rounded anteriorly, produced about length of
eye beyond anterior transocular line, feebly carinate-margined ; vertex
transversely rugulose and coarsely punctate, nearly smooth in middle
posteriorly; pronotum coarsely punctate laterally, including extremi-
ties of transverse impression, nearly impunctate elsewhere; scutellum
smooth on anterior disk, numerously punctate elsewhere; the punctures
coarsest on antero-lateral angles; mesocorium, discally, and veins
punctate; lateral area of metapleurum broad anteriorly with about
three rows of punctures along inner side, a triangular, depressed,
coarsely punctate area near postero-lateral angle of metapleurum;
sternites with numerous distinct punctures, smoother medially; sixth
sternite narrowly rounded anteriorly, fifth and fourth noticeably
constricted medially; genital plates about a third as long as sixth
sternite', scarcely equal in length to the large subgenital plates (Fig.
81) and less than half as long as postventer, punctate, inner margins
elevated and smooth, distinctly shorter than posterior margins which
are nearly straight and jointly form a slight and very obtuse anterior
angulation. Length 5 mm.

Holotype female, Bahia, Brazil, Fruhstorfer, Noualhier Collection
(Paris Museum).

38. Galgupha (Euryscytus) vulnerata Horvath.

Euryscytus vulneratus Horvath, G., Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., XVII, 1919, p. 229

iBrazil].

Black, with aeneous, sometimes purplish, reflections, corium and
scutellum posteriorly more reddish-brown; corial patch bright reddish
in most specimens, yellowish in some, varying from one-third to one-
half length of corium; lateral abdominal spots, joined along con-
nexivum, reddish to pale yellowish; beak, tarsi, and antennae testa-
ceous, the latter more or less infuscated apically.

Head narrowly rounded anteriorly, produced about length of eye
beyond anterior transocular line, carinate-margined; vertex with
numerous well defined punctures except at back; pronotum with coarse
well marked punctures laterally, but only faintly impressed punctures
discally, sometimes a little more definite, and sometimes rastrate, in
and near transverse impression; scutellum punctate, except on an-
terior disk, the punctures deepest near antero-lateral angles; corium
numerously punctate on basal, sparsely on apical, half, except along
veins; lateral area of metapleurum attenuate anteriorly, impunctate;

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 237

sternites numerously punctate, smoother medially, sixth sternite of
male angulate or subangulate, fifth and fourth sternites noticeably
constricted medially; ventral exposure of hypopygium large, punctate,
nearly flat longitudinally, hind margin not reflexed, dorsal rim slightly
depressed in middle anteriorly, but anterior rim scarcely basined,
lateral portions of rim distinctly basined, hind wall thin, high and
little, if at all, depressed medially; sixth sternite of female rounded
anteriorly, about equal in length to fifth and fourth together, both of
which are distinctly constricted medially; genital plates, punctate,
about half as long as sixth sternite, and as long as postventer; inner
margin decidedly shorter than posterior, the latter concave, inner
posterior angles moderately produced. Length 3, 8-4. 2 mm,

Holotype female, Cuyaba, Matto Grosso, Brazil (Budapest Mu-
seum); other specimens from Chapada, Brazil, October, November
(Carnegie Museum); Rio Claro, Serra da Esperanza, February 4, 7,
1922; Sao Domingo, February 21, 1922; Pinheirinhos, April 18, 1923,
all in Parana, Brazil (Warsaw Museum); Paraguay, Alarch 28, May
18, Fiebrig (Berlin Museum); San Bernardino, Paraguay, Fiebrig
(Vienna Museum).

Subgenus Bonaria subgen. nov.

Principal characters: Corium broad apically, exocorial vein
distinctly fuscate, the forks not connate apically; mesocorium with a
short vein along claval suture and an outer longer one paralleling
margin of scutellum, both veins evanescent basally (Fig. 42); mid
tibia without, hind tibia with, longitudinal carinate line; beak un-
usually long, but variable in length, in some cases reaching middle, in
others the apex of abdomen; third segment of beak as long as, or even
longer than, hind tibia; tylus prominent anteriorly; third antennal
segment about three times as long as second; antero-ventral armature
of fore tibia consisting of bristles only.

Subgenotype Thyreocoris longirostris Berg.

39. Galgupha (Bonaria) longirostris Berg.

T [hyreocoris] longirostris Berg, C., Hemip. Argentina, 1879, pp. 21-22 [Province

of Buenos Aires],

Black with aeneous reflections, a cuneate spot at base of corium from
costa to claval suture yellowish to reddish; connexiva of posterior two
abdominal segments each with a similarly colored mark; antennae
subfuscous, the second and third segments paler; beak fuscous, each
segment paler apically; tarsi testaceous.

A large species of depressed form, rather more narrowed both
anteriorly and posteriorly (especially the former) than is usual in the
subfamily. Head broadly triangular produced one and one-half

238

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

times length of eye beyond anterior transocular line; vertex obliquely
rugulose, copiously and coarsely punctate, except on posterior part of
tylus and on an occipital strip. Pronotum and scutellum numerously,
but subobsoletely, punctate, so that the surface remains strongly
shining; punctures on each of these sclerites most distinct laterally.
Corium as in male (Fig. 42) fore tibia with fewer, mid and hind tibiae
with more numerous, bristly spines, fewest in the postero-dorsal series.
Opaque surface surrounding ostiole extending to anterior margin of
mesopleurum and nearly to posterior margin of metapleurum, lateral
area impunctate. Venter copiously punctate, little smoother medially
in female, but noticeably so in male. Sixth sternite of male sub-
angulate anteriorly, nearly as long as the preceding sternites together,
the fifth distinctly constricted medially; ventral exposure of hypopy-
gium punctate, almost flat longitudinally, hind margin varying from
almost evenly convex to slightly sinuate medially; dorsal rim very
thin at middle posteriorly, deeply excavated interiorly on both sides,
gently sloping inwardly at anterior end; widest at lateral angles, dis-
tinctly punctate. Sixth sternite of female very bluntly subangulate
anteriorly, about equal in length on median line to fifth and fourth
together, fifth scarcely constricted medially, hind margin of sixth
convex in middle, concave on each side; genital plates, punctate, less
than half as long as sixth sternite, about equal in length to postventer,
inner margins distinctly elevated, inner posterior angles acutely pro-
duced, hind margin oblique and concave; subgenital plates large,
pyriform (Fig. 104). Length 5.5-7 mm.

Material: Eight adults including both sexes and one nymph from the
Argentine National Museum, without locality labels, a few labelled
July; two females from Estancia los Yngleses, Lavalle Ajo, Province
of Buenos Aires, Argentina, November 10, 1920, A.Wetmore (Biol. Sur-
vey) ; one specimen with illegible locality label, three unlabelled speci-
mens (Berlin Museum); Rosario, W. Sorensen (Stockholm Museum).

The lack of the anterior lateral bristle on the abdominal sternites is
an almost invariable feature of this species, and with it the presence
of but a faint reddish mark on the lateral margins of one or two of the
sternites of apical half of abdomen appear to connect the species rather
closely with some of those in the signatipennis group of the preceding
subgenus.

Subgenus Gyrocnemis McAtee and Malloch.

Gyrocnemis McAtee, W. L. and Malloch, J. R., Ann. Mus. Z06I. Poland, VII,
1928, p. 33. [Subgenotype (orthotype), Odontoscelis maculipennis Germar.]

Principal characters: Corium broad at apex (Figs. 40, 43 to 47),
one vein in mesocorium, exocorial vein distinctly furcate, the branches

McAtee & Mallocii: Revision of the Thyreocorin.e. 239

scarcely connate posteriorly; hind tibia terete, without a longitudinal
carinate line on posterior surface.

There are several rather well distinguished groups within the present
concept of this subgenus. One of these contains species in which the
males have a very pronounced transverse depression or groove along
the hind margin of the sixth sternite. Several of the species in this
group have the third to sixth sternites in the male with very closely
placed minute punctures, microscopically piliferous, and in some
there are also quite well developed hairs on the central portion of the
apex of the sixth sternite. Unfortunately the females of these species
are not so readily distinguished from those of other groups, the minute
puncturing of the apical sternites of the male being absent, and no
hairs present on the sixth sternite, except those found in all species
of the genus. We have utilized the comparative distances between the
mesccorial and cubital vein and the latter and costa in our key for
distinguishing two major segregates of the subgenus, but, while it is of
value in separating them into two groups, we realize that these are
not what are generally considered 'natural’ groups, the one with the
narrower mesocorial space containing several undoubtedly distinct
groups, apparently derived from different parent stems. Such
arbitrary segregations are proper, when the aim is primarily the identi-
fication of the species. It may be that some future worker, with more
species available and more data upon their life-histories, will arrive
at conclusions as to the limits of the subgenus which are not in accord
with those here set forth.

Key to the species of the Subgenus Gyrocnemis.

I. Distance between the mesocorial and cubital veins at narrowest point not
greater than that between the cubital vein and costa at same level (Figs.
43-46) * ; posterior trichobothrium distinctly nearer to lateral margin on

sternites three to five than the anterior one (Fig. io6) 2

Distance between the mesocorial and cubital veins at narrowest point greater
than that between the cubital vein and costa at same level (Fig. 47, only
slightly so in guttiger) ; in the latter, however, and in all species except
cydnoidea the posterior trichobothrium is not nearer to lateral margin than

the anterior one on at least sternites three and four (Fig. 105) 31

2. Pronotum entirely black 3

Pronotum with a submarginal pale line on each side 5

3. Males 4

Females 9

*See footnote, p. 206

240

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

4. Corium entirely black; puncturing on vertex not very coarse, somewhat

rugose laterally; sternites without pale lateral marks, sixth quite sharply
angulate in center of anterior margin, and with a dense transverse brush-like
strip of brownish-black erect hairs close to apex on central third or more
(Fig. 1 17), the extreme apex with a transverse groove on almost its entire

extent diminuta (Van Duzee).

Corium reddish or yellowish at base; sternites with pale lateral marks, usually
absent on first visible one; sixth without brush-like preapical hairs, some-
times with a few sparse microscopic pale hairs centrally near apex 5

5. Sixth sternite with a quite deep transverse apical groove; corium largely

yellowish, with more or less developed central fuscous marks, sometimes
confined to a dark spot on the exocorium and a streak along the mesocorial
vein (which may be united) with a broad mesocorial suffusion; vertex finely

punctured, ocelli not, or very little behind, posterior transocular line 6

Sixth sternite without a transverse apical groove; corium yellowish at base,
and sometimes with a small subapical pale spot on exocorium; vertex
coarsely punctate, ocelli at least as far behind posterior transocular line as
twice their diameter 8

6. Hypopygium with an acute process projecting inward from each apical lateral

angle (Fig. 118) bicornis sp. nov.

Hypopygium without such processes 7

7. Hind margin of hypopygium broadly, and quite deeply emarginate when seen

from below, the central portion transverse or almost so (Fig. 129).

dimorpha sp. nov.

Hind margin of hypopygium not so deeply emarginate when seen from below,
the central portion not transverse diversa sp. nov.

8. Corium with a small subcostal yellow spot near apex in addition to the larger

basal mark punctifer sp. nov.

Corium with only the yellow basal mark, which is smaller than in punctifer.

texana sp. nov.

9. Corium entirely black, or brownish-black, without conspicuous pale yellowish

basal mark; sternites brownish on lateral margins, not pale yellow or orange;
genital plates fully three-fourths as long on inner margins as sixth sternite
in center and distinctly longer than the preceding two sternites together,
fifth sternite at center fully two-thirds as long as fourth and half as long as
third; vertex moderately deeply punctured, carinate on entire extent in
front; vertex with moderately large contiguous punctures, ocelli slightly

behind transocular line diminuta (Van Duzee).

Corium with at least yellow or orange-yellow basal mark; sternites with con-
spicuous yellow lateral spots; proportions of sternites not as above 10

10. Vertex deeply and coarsely punctured, larger punctures on central portion at
least half as large as an ocellus, the carina well developed on entire extent,
ocelli behind posterior transocular line about twice their own diameter;
corium with a basal mark and a small isolated subcostal spot near apex
yellow; genital plates on inner margins a little over two-thirds as long as

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^.. 241

sixth sternite in center and distinctly shorter than fourth and fifth together,
the sixth equal to fourth and fifth; apex of abdomen not biundulate.

punctifer sp. nov.

Vertex rather finely and shallowly punctured, ocelli not, or very little behind
posterior transocular line; corium not marked as above, much more exten-
sively yellow II

11. Genital plates longer than fourth and fifth sternites together on median line,

ultimate tergite biconcave apically 12

Genital plates not longer than fifth sternite on median line; ultimate tergite
not biconcave soror sp. nov.

12. Inner margins of genital plates not greatly elevated 13

Inner margins of genital plates conspicuously elevated in an ovipositor-like

process 14

13. Genital plates (Fig. no) longitudinaly wrinkled and indistinctly punctate,

not longer than sternites three to five together on median line.

singularis sp. nov.

Genital plates (Fig. in) not wrinkled, but distinctly punctate, longer than
sternites three to five together on median line iineata sp. nov.

14. Ovipositor-like process seen from the side is straight on lower margin, and the
apex is porrect and bluntly rounded (Figs. 112, 112a) .... dimorpha sp. nov.
Ovipositor-like process seen from the side is concave on lower margin, and the

apex is decurved and acute (Fig. 112b) acuta sp. nov.

15. Males 16

Females 23

16. Small species, averaging 3 mm. in length; hind margin of hypopygium with a

shallow subangular central emargination, on each side of which it is broadly
convex (Fig. 128); fore tibia almost invariably with two anterodorsal
setulse on basal half, hind tibia usually with but three posterodorsal setula.

parva sp. nov.

Larger species, rarely less than 4 mm. in length; hind margin of hypopygium
otherwise; fore tibia with three or more anterodorsal setulae and the hind
tibia with four or more setulae on the posterodorsal surface 17

17. Hind margin of hypopygium with a deep, rounded, or U-shaped central

emargination and very slightly, or not at all emarginate laterally 18

Hind margin of hypopygium with an angular or rounded central emargination,
and with distinct lateral emarginations also 19

18. Ventral surface of hypopygium with shallow but evident furrows paralleling

median concavity of hind margin (Fig. 123), the latter more or less pro-
nouncedly U-shaped, the margin yellow and distinctly tumid on inner sur-
face of upper lateral angles of the central emargination. . . . concava sp. nov.
Ventral surface of hypopygium without evident furrows, sparsely punctate, the
median emargination more shallowly rounded (Fig. 126), the margin neither
yellow nor tumid at upper lateral angles of emargination.

novella McAtee & Malloch.

19. Central and lateral emarginations of hind margin of hypopygium subequal in

depth (Fig. 114) triconcava sp. nov.

242

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Central emargination of hind margin of hypopygium much deeper, and usually

wider than the lateral ones (Fig. 121) 20

20. Hind tibiae black, dorsal surface pale yellow below 21

Hind tibiae stramineous, rarely pale brownish above. 22

21. Dorsal rim of hypopygium narrow, flat, widest at lateral angles (Fig. 122).

maculipennis Germar.

Dorsal rim of hypopygium slightly declivitous all around, without flat area,
but slightly tumid within lateral angles fossata McAtee & Malloch.

22. Lateral angles of dorsal rim of hypopygium with a conspicuous yellow mark.

inaequalis sp. nov.

Lateral angles of dorsal rim of hypopygium without yellow marks.

intermedia sp. nov.

23. Small species, averaging about 3 mm. in length; genital plates produced in an

ovipositor-like process, which is acute apically and surpasses apex of abdo-
men (Fig. 108) parva sp. nov.

Larger species, usually over 4 mm. in length; genital plates otherwise 24

24. Tibiae black or brownish-black, not appreciably paler than the femora nor

yellow above; lateral margins of vertex brownish yellow on entire extent

from eye to eye morbiloci sp. nov.

Tibiae always distinctly paler than femora, usually stramineous, the hind pair
sometimes black above and yellow below 25

25. Lateral margins of vertex yellowish on entire extent, always conspicuously

paler next to eyes and tylus; sixth abdominal sternite narrowly rounded in

center, almost subangulate inaequalis sp. nov.

Lateral margins of vertex not conspicuously yellowish on entire extent, when
partly pale, the most evidently pale portions are on each side of tylus and
not next to eyes 26

26. Submarginal pale lines on pronotum very faint, brownish, at no part pale yel-

low, and most evident in front, very much darker than the stramineous por-
tions of corium; lateral margins of abdominal sternites but faintly marked

with pale color soror sp. nov.

Submarginal pale lines on pronotum conspicuous, rarely darker than the
stramineous portions of corium and on some parts pale yellow; lateral mar-
gins of sternites three to seven usually with conspicuous yellow spots 27

27. Genital plates almost straight on posterior margin, slightly backwardly pro-

duced at inner apical angle, length of either at middle, or at a point just
laterad of the bristle on the subgenital plate, at least one and one-half times
as great as the distance from the hind margin at that point to extreme mar-
gin of abdomen in same line, the length on inner edge over one-fifth of that of

fifth sternite in center fossata McAtee & Malloch.

Genital plates quite distinctly concave on hind margin, their inner apical
angles quite pronouncedly produced, length of either at middle not, or almost
imperceptibly, longer than distance from the hind margin at that point to

the hind margin of abdomen 28

28. Sixth abdominal sternite subangulate anteriorly 29

Sixth abdominal sternite rounded anteriorly 30

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 243

29. Hind margin of pronotum distinctly paler than remainder of disk; small

species, not over 4 mm. in length; ocelli about two and one-half times their

own diameter from nearest point of eye margin omissa sp. nov.

Hind margin of pronotum not distinctly paler than remainder of disk; large
species, about 5 mm. in length; ocelli fully three times their own diameter
from nearest point of margin of eye geayi sp. nov.

30. Species deep black in color, the lateral pale line on pronotum bright yellow,

contrasting sharply with the general color and more or less distinctly
widened posteriorly; genital plates not very conspicuously concave on

hind margins, subtransverse maculipennis Germar.

Species more brownish black in color, the pale lateral line on pronotum not, or
very slightly, widened posteriorly; genital plates quite conspicuously con-
cave on posterior margins (Fig. 107) concava sp. nov.

triconcava sp. nov.

31. Corium entirely dark 32

Corium partly yellow 34

32. Posterior trichobothrium closer to lateral margin on sternites three and four

than the anterior one; fourth and fith sternites subequal in length at middle,
the fifth about one-third as long as sixth, the latter rounded in front; punc-
tures on most of the vertex deep, contiguous, and for the greater part about

half as large as an ocellus cydnoidea sp. nov.

Posterior trichobothrium slightly farther from lateral margin on sternites three
and four than the anterior one; fifth sternite shorter than fourth, not over
one-fifth as long as sixth, the latter narrowly rounded, or subangulate in
front; vertex with smaller and shallower punctures, subobsolete laterally . . 33

33. Front margin of vertex reflexed; genital plates slightly raised along inner

edges, especially apically, and with a noticeable production of the inner

apical angle novatra sp. nov.

Front margin of vertex not reflexed; genital plates neither elevated along
inner edges nor produced on inner apical angle nitidipennis sp. nov.

34. Mesocorial vein evanescent basally 35

Mesocorial vein evident basally {i.e. basad of the apex of clavus) 42

35. General color ochreous tabida Stal.

General color aeneous black, the corium more or less yellowish 36

36. Tibiae dark 37

Tibiae pale 38

37. Lateral angles of dorsal rim of hypopygium distinctly anterior in position;
hind margin of ventral exposure convex medially, concave laterally, as seen
from below; venter of female with deep, coarse punctures laterally, sixth
sternite nearly as long as all of the preceding ones together. . . guttiger Stal.

Lateral angles of dorsal rim of hypopygium median in position, hind margin of
ventral exposure broadly concave medially, rounded off laterally, as seen
from below; venter of female with only faint punctures, sixth sternite much

shorter than those preceding together nitens Breddin.

38. Males • 39

Females 40

244 Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

39. Hypopygium, when retracted, almost entirely concealed by sixth sternite;

hind margin broadly concave; lateral angles of dorsal rim rather anterior in

position, tumid occulta sp. nov.

Hypopygium, when retracted, distinctly visible from below; hind margin
shallowly triconcave; lateral angles of dorsal rim median in position, ab-
ruptly excavated posteriorly differentialis McAtee and Malloch.

40. Sixth sternite rather broadly rounded anteriorly, as long as all the preceding

sternites together; subgenital plates more elliptical, about one-third length

of genital plates differentialis sp. nov.

Sixth sternite rather subangulate anteriorly, shorter than the preceding
sternites together; subgenital plates more triangular, about one-half as long
as genital plates 41

41. Prosternal sulcus broadly V-shaped; a yellow spot shows on underside of head

behind eye, when the suture is slightly open occulta sp. nov.

Prosternal sulcus narrowly V-shaped; no yellow spot on underside of head.

unica sp. nov.

42. Basal pale mark on corium trifurcate at apex, one ramus on costa, one along,

but not over, claval suture, and the third along cubitus; hypopygium of
male as seen from below with the hind margin very shallowly concave; the

hind wall as seen from above high and thin basigrapha Horvath.

Basal pale mark on corium not trifurcate (sometimes present only on costa) ;
hypopygium of male not shallowly concave on hind margin or only so in

center 43

43. Males 44

Females 48

44. Hind margin of hypopygium seen from below with a deep V-shaped central

emargination, which extends transversely almost or quite half the width of
the hind margin and almost to middle of exposed surface discally (Figs.

132-133) 45

Hind margin of hypopygium seen from below shallowly or feebly emarginate

(Fig. 130) 46

45. Hind margin of hypopygium with a slight lateral emargination on each side of

the deep central one (Fig. 132) reinhardti Jensen-Haarup.

Hind margin of hypopygium without lateral emarginations (Fig. 133).

impressa Horvath.

46. Hind margin of hypopygium with median and lateral emarginations, all three

shallow (Fig. 130) (occasionally the central emargination lacking or almost

so, var. taperina. Fig. 13 1) cruralis Stal.

Hind margin of hypopygium with a more or less evident shallow central
emargination, the lateral ones lacking 47

47. Front margin of vertex distinctly reflexed; corium with a pale yellow line

from base to apex of costa, which is as pale apically as the subapical exo-
corial spot; larger species (4-4,75 mm.) notha sp. nov.

Front margin of vertex only faintly and partially reflexed; corium brownish on
costa, only noticeably yellowish basally, the apical portion much darker
than the yellow gubapical exocorial spot; smaller species (3.5-4 mm.)

quadrisignata Stal.

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 245

48. Entire front margin of vertex distinctly reflexed; corium with a narrow con-

tinuous costal stripe that is pale yellow and similar in width to the preapical
exocorial spot; fourth and fifth sternites about equal in length, two-thirds

as long as sixth; species over 4 mm. in length notha sp. nov.

Front margin of vertex sometimes feebly reflexed near eyes; costa usually
without a narrow continuous pale yellow stripe, sometimes yellow basally;
fourth and fifth sternites less than two-thirds as long as sixth 49

49. Corium yellow along entire costa, the pale color extending to claval suture,

except for a short portion about middle; sixth sternite rather broadly
rounded anteriorly, equal in length to the preceding three sternites to-
gether; scutellum scarcely attaining base of sixth tergite cruralis Stal.

Corium with a rather sharply defined round spot about one-third distance
from apex, which is pale yellow in color and is not connected with the
brownish costal streak, the latter extending over outer branch of exocorial
vein and becoming paler basally; sixth sternite more angulate anteriorly;
scutellum in normal position extending to or beyond base of sixth tergite . . 50

50. Sixth sternite subangulate anteriorly and distinctly longer than the preceding

three sternites together on the median line impressa Horvath.

Sixth sternite distinctly angulate anteriorly, and not longer in middle than
the preceding three sternites together quadrisignata Stal.

Systematic Arrangement of Species of the
Subgenijs Gyrocnemis.

Space between mesocorial and cubital veins at narrowest point not
as wide as that between latter and costal margin at same point.
Pronotum with pale submarginal lateral stripe:

(Males known): intermedia, inequalis, triconcava, macu-
lipennis, concava, novella, fossata, parva.

(Males unknown): soror, morbiloci, omissa, geayi.

Pronotum entirely dark;

Vertex coarsely punctate:

diminuta, punctifer, texana.

Vertex finely punctate:

singularis, lineata, diversa, bicornis, dimorpha, acuta.
Space between mesocorial and cubital veins at narrowest point as
wide as, or wider than that between the latter and costal margin at
same point.

Mesocorial vein evident basad of apex of clavus.

Corium partly pale yellow:

cruralis, notha, quadrisignata, reinhardti, impressa, basi-
grapha.

Corium entirely dark:

cydnoides, novatra, nitidipennis.

Mesocorial vein ceasing opposite apex of clavus:

guttiger, nitens, occulta, unica, differentialis, tabida.

246

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

40. Galgupha (Gyrocnemis) acuta sp. nov.

Black, corium chiefly orange, costal carina, sections of veins a little
beyond middle and suffusion near them, and inner margin from hu-
merus including most of clavus, black; lateral abdominal spots yellow;
antennae stramineous; beak testaceous; tibiae chiefly yellowish; a
pale yellow spot showing behind each eye on lower surface of head
when the suture is open.*

Head narrowly rounded apically, varying to acute, with the margin
of vertex somewhat lamellate and slightly upturned medially, produced
more than length of eye beyond anterior transocular line, vertex dis-
tinctly punctate, except posteriorly; pronotum coarsely punctate
antero-laterally, subobsoletely so elsewhere; scutellum moderately
punctate, the punctures deepest antero-laterally, shallowest discally;
corium moderately punctate; lateral area of metapleurum with only
traces of puncturing along inner side; sternites with scattered coarse
punctures laterally and more numerous finer ones discally; sixth
sternite much produced anteriorly, as far as antero-lateral angle of
fourth sternite, acuminate subangulate, sternites five and four con-
stricted medially to less than half their lateral length, broadly sub-
angulate anteriorly, third less constricted; genital plates wrinkled,
only obsoletely punctate, about equilateral, surface somewhat de-
pressed laterally, but inner margins abruptly elevated into a conspicu-
ous acute, decurved, ovipositor-like organ, extending as far posteriorly
as apex of abdomen (Fig. 112b). Length 4-5 mm.

Holotype female, Bonito, Province of Pernambuco, Brazil, January
27, 1883 (U. S. N. M.); paratype females: Bahia, Brazil, Fruhstorfer
(Vienna Museum); Petropolis, Brazil, May 1885, Germain (Paris
Museum); Petropolis, Brazil, Ohaus (Dresden Museum); Bahia,
Brazil (Fruhstorfer), New Freiburg, Brazil, F. Weingreen (Hamburg
Museum) ; Capite des Mines (Paris Museum) ; Lagoa Santa, Reinhardt
(Copenhagen Museum).

Color and puncturing much as in bicornis, of which it may be the
female sex.

41. Galgupha (Gyrocnemis) basigrapha Horvath.

Euryscytus basigraphus Horvath, G., Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., XVII, 1919, p.

231 [Peru].

Corial mark yellowish, tending to be trifurcate, one ramus on costa,
one along (but not over) claval suture, and the third intermediate
along cubitus.

Head narrowly rounded anteriorly, tylus sub-prominent, vertex
with sparse, shallow punctures; pronotum with a group of distinct
punctures on each side, almost impunctate elsewhere; scutellum with

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 247

sparse fine punctures in general and a group of more pronounced punc-
tures near each basal angle; lateral area of metapleurum almost im-
punctate; sternites moderately punctate, smoother medially, especially
sixth; sixth sternite rounded anteriorly, fifth only slightly constricted
medially in both sexes; ventral exposure of male hypopygium polished,
with only sparse puncturing, the hind margin very shallowly concave
as seen from below, dorsal rim almost flat anteriorly, widest, and
moderately sloping laterally, abruptly declivitous posteriorly, the
hind wall high and thin; genital plates of female copiously punctate,
inner margin slightly elevated, almost as long as posterior, the latter
transverse. Length 3. 5-3. 6 mm.

Holotype male and allotype female, Pachitea, Peru (Budapest
Museum).

42. Galgupha (Gyrocnemis) bicornis sp. nov.

Black, shining, scutellum somewhat reddish apically, basal yellow-
ish patch nearly half as long as corium, extending over claval suture,
extreme apex and apical two-fifths costal region also yellowish, an
ivory colored spot on each side of lower posterior margin of head, a
small yellowish spot near postero-lateral angle of metapleurum,
yellowish lateral spots evident both above and below on all abdominal
segments, including hypopygium of male; knees and tibiae stramineous
below, fuscous above.

Front of head narrowly rounded; vertex moderately punctate, ex-
cept posteriorly in middle and between eye and ocellus for a space less
than twice width of the latter; pronotum distinctly punctate laterally,
subobsoletely rastrate-punctate in a transverse band behind middle,
smooth elsewhere; scutellum polished on anterior disk, numerously
punctate elsewhere, most deeply so near antero-lateral angles; corium
moderately punctate except on subcostal and subapical portions,
metapleurum with a band of punctures bordering ostiolar surface
posteriorly and extending to lateral margin, lateral area rather broad
anteriorly, somewhat punctate or furrowed along inner margin;
sternites two to three with coarse, and four to six with copious fine
punctures predominating, sixth punctate throughout and not polished
as usual in the subfamily; sixth sternite subangulate anteriorly, fifth
and fourth distinctly shorter at middle than at lateral margins; hind
margin of sixth sternite distinctly carinate-reflexed ; ventral exposure
of hypopygium scarcely punctate, cut away laterally, so that only a
broad convex central portion remains, beyond which at each side are
visible the acute processes of the dorsal rim (Fig. 118); the latter
broad, flat, punctate, the lateral angles inwardly hooked and fringed
interiorly with long pale hairs, an agglomerated tuft of which at apex
suggests a spine, posterior rim entirely interrupted as viewed either
from above or below, the only species in which we have so seen it.
Length 4.5 mm.

248

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Holotype male, Goyaz Province, Brazil, 1847, De Castelnaii (Paris
Museum); paratype males, Bahia, Brazil, Sellow (Berlin Museum);
Lagoa Santa, Reinhardt (Copenhagen Museum); Petropolis, Haas
(Stettin Museum); Cape Mines (Paris Museum).

43. Galgupha (Gyrocnemis) concava McAtee and Malloch.

Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) concava McAtee, W. L. and Malloch, J. R., Ann. Mus.

Z06I. Poland, VII, 1928, pp. 34-35 [Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, Bolivia].

Black, shining with purplish reflections, margin of vertex usually
yellowish on each side of tylus, rarely pale brownish laterally; narrow
submarginal vitta in front of humeral prominence of pronotum whitish
to yellowish (this color showing through lower surface also), corium
chiefly pale yellowish, a blotch near middle of costa and one near inner
posterior angle, besides the punctures, fuscous; beak, antennae, tibiae,
and tarsi stramineous to testaceous; abdominal segments with yel-
lowish lateral spots, visible both above and below. Females are dis-
tinctly reddish on posterior half of pronotum and scutellum.

Head evenly rounded anteriorly, produced a little more than length
of eye beyond anterior transocular line; vertex carinate-margined with
numerous subobsolete punctures, smooth mediatily and posteriorly;
pronotum with the punctures almost obsolete discally, but well
marked, in a band paralleling sublateral pale marking, the latter im-
punctate; punctures more evident on scutellum than on pronotum,
especially laterally, anterior disk nearly smooth; metapleurum
punctate along posterior border of ostiolar surface, this band of punc-
tures extending to lateral margin, lateral area slightly punctate along
inner margin; sternites moderately punctate, smoothish medianly,
sixth subobsoletely punctured except laterally, angulate anteriorly in
male slightly constricting fifth sternite; ventral exposure of hypopy-
gium somewhat flattened about emargination, slightly transversely
wrinkled, and more or less punctate, hind margin with a deep U-
shaped central concavity, the upper edge of which occupies about one-
third of the margin, slightly sinuate on each side of the median
emargination, the thickened portion of the edge at each extremity
ot the central concavity yellow, emarginate as described in key and
figured (Fig. 123), dorsal (Fig. 124) rim with a median, slightly slop-
ing and transversely wrinkled bridge to central disk anteriorly, narrow
and abruptly declivitous on each side of this, widening again toward
lateral angles, which are concave, posterior wall in general thin with
depressions following the emarginations; sixth sternite of female
narrowly rounded anteriorly, twice as long as genital plates which are
punctate, obliquely concave posteriorly and distinctly produced at
inner apical angles (Fig. 107) [genital plates of female distinctly
punctate]. Length 4-5 mm.

jMcAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 249

llolotype male and allotype female, Chapada, Brazil, November,
paratypes same locality, January to November; Bom Fin, Bahia,
Brazil, J. D. Haseman (Carnegie Museum) Sapucay, Paraguay,
February, W. T. Foster; San Bernardino, Paraguay, K. Fiebrig
(U. S. N. M.); Sierra d’Estrella, Minas Geraes, Brazil, De Castelnau,
1847; Matto Grosso, Brazil, De Castelnau; Paraguay, Gosset, 1900
(Paris Museum); Foz do Iguassu, Parana, Brazil, March 22, 1923
(Polish Museum); Chaco, Argentina, Dec. 6, 1897, S. Venturi; Cata-
marca, Buenos Aires, Misiones; Salta Tucuman, Argentina; Bolivia
(Argentine Museum); Paraguay, K. Fiebrig (Deutsches Ent. Inst.);
Campinas, Brazil, March, 1924, F. X. Williams (Van Zwaluwenberg).

The following records are of material seen since the original de-
scription was published; these specimens therefore are not paratypes.
San Ignacio, Misiones, Argentina, Wagner; Petropolis, Brazil, F.
Sahlberg (Helsingfors Museum); Paraguay, April 7, Dec. 2, 20, K. F.
Fiebrig (Berlin Museum); Province of Sara, Bolivia, Steinbach
(Stettin Museum); Puerto Max, Paraguay, Louis des Arts Jr.; Santos,
Brazil, Oct. 18, 1893, H. Braun (Hamburg Museum); San Luis,
Paraguay, Reimoser; San Bernardino, Paraguay, Fiebrig; Rio Grande
do Sul, Stieglmayr (Vienna Museum); Minas Geraes, Brazil, 2100
meters, 1902, E. R. Wagner; San Ignacio, Misiones, Argentina, 1911;
Rio Salado, Santiago del Estero, 1909, E. R. Wagner (Paris Museum) ;
Espirito Santo, Aragua, Santa Catherina, Brazil (Munich Museum).

44. Galgupha (Gyrocnemis) cruralis St^l.

Corimelcena cruralis Stal, C., Rio Hemip. i, 1862, p. 8 [Brazil].

Corimelccna invaria Walker, Francis, Catalogue, i, 1867, p. 81 [Brazil].

T [hyreocoris] circumfusus Berg, C., Hem. Argentina, 1879, p. 20 [Entre-Rios,
Argentina].

[Thyreocoris] borellii Montandon, A. L., Viaggio de Dott. A. Borelli nella Republica
Argentina e nel Paraguay, XVIII, Hemipteres Heteropteres, Premiere Liste et
Descriptions d’Especes Nouvelles, Bol. Mus. Z06I. Anat. Comp. Univ. Torino,
N. 219, Dec. 1895, PP- 1-2 [San Pablo, Salta].

T^neous-black, sometimes with purplish reflections, humeral
prominences, and periphery of scutellum posteriorly, more or less
reddish; corium mostly ochreous, anterior spot and posterior third of
mesocorium, veins and adjacent areas more or less infuscated; clavus
fuscous; darker specimens vary to a coloration like that of quadrisig-
nata] lateral abdominal spots, legs from knees, antennae and beak,
stramineous.

Head produced somewhat more than length of eye beyond anterior

250

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

transocular line, subangulate to subtruncate anteriorly, not carinate-
margined; vertex copiously punctate, except on narrow posterior strip;
pronotum distinctly punctate antero-laterally, subobsoletely punctate
elsewhere, scutellum numerously punctate, most coarsely so antero-
laterally, most finely on anterior disk; corium distinctly punctate
anteriorly and along veins, indistinctly punctate posteriorly; lateral
area of metapleurum broad anteriorly, almost impunctate; sternites
numerously punctate, more polished medially; puncturing scarcely of
a finer and denser type in male except on sternites five and six; sixth
sternite of male angulate or subangulate anteriorly, posterior margin
somewhat convex medially, concave laterally, the sternite as long as
the preceding three together; fifth and fourth sternites moderately
constricted medially; ventral exposure of hypopygium ample, nearly
flat, except laterally, feebly punctate, hind margin carinate, distinctly
although slightly sinuate medially and sublaterally (Fig. 130); dorsal
rim broad anteriorly, somewhat broader laterally, everywhere sloping
from outer margin, hind wall thin, more declivitous; sixth sternite of
female rounded to subangulate anteriorly, concave posteriorly, as
long as preceding three sternites together; fifth sternite constricted
medially to half its lateral length, fourth less contracted; genital plates
(Fig. 1 13) large, punctate, more than half as long as sixth sternite,
twice as long as postventer, inner margin about as long as posterior, the
latter oblique, and slightl}^ concave, the inner posterior angles promi-
nent. Length 3.5-5 mm.

Holotype and paratype females, Brazil, F. Sahlberg (Stockholm
Museum); holotype female of invaria Walker, Santarem, Brazil
(British Museum); other specimens from Manaos, Brazil, Miss H. B.
Merrill; Villa Montes to Boyuibe, Bolivia, June 1920; El Quemado,
Jujuy, Argentina, G. L. Harrington (U. S. N. M.); Taperina, Corumba
(March), Santarem, Brazil; Tucuman, Argentina, 480 m., Rosenberg
(Carnegie Museum); Jujuy, Salta, Gob. Formosa, 1898; Gob. Chaco,
Oct. 20, 1897, S. Venturi; also Bolivia, and Matto Grosso, Brazil
(Argentine Museum); Sao Paulo, Brazil; Obidos, Amazonas, H. Rolle,
Breddin Collection (Deutsches Ent. Inst.); Tucuman, Argentina,
1906, Vezenyi (Budapest Museum, also Coll. Jensen-Haarup) ;
Rio de Janiero, Brazil, F. Sahlberg; Pernambuco (Helsingfors Mu-
seum); Corityba, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Lehmann (Berlin Museum);
Province of Salta, Argentina, J. Steinbach (Berlin Museum); San
Antonio, Argentina, Reimoser (Vienna Museum); Rio las Garzas,
Chaco de Santa Fe; Laguna Mamatta, Rio Dulce, Rio Salado, Chaco
de Santiago del Estero, Argentina, 1909, E. R. Wagner (Paris Museum) ;
Juruapuca, Rio Jurua, Amazonas, Brazil, Oct. 20, 1874 (British
Museum).

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 251

A few specimens differing from the typical variety by lacking
the median emargination in the hind border of male hypopygium
(Fig. 13 1 ) may be known as var. taperina new variety. Length 4 mm.

Holotype and paratype males, Taperina, Brazil (Carnegie Museum);
San Antonio, Argentina, Reimoser (Vienna Museum).

45. Galgupha (Gyrocnemis) cydnoidea sp. nov.

Fuscous to black, tarsi, beak, and antennae testaceous.

Head almost evenly convex between eyes, produced about the length
of eye beyond anterior transocular line; pronotum with coarse punc-
tures laterally, plentifully but less deeply punctate discally, except at
calli, but nevertheless strongly shining; scutellum numerously punc-
tate, the punctures coarser laterally, finer discally, almost obsolete on
anterior disk; corium moderately punctate throughout; lateral area of
metapleurum truncate anteriorly, impunctate; sternites moderately
punctate laterally, almost impunctate discally; sixth narrowly rounded
anteriorly, preceding sternites moderately constricted medially;
genital plates rugoso-punctate, fully as long on inner as on posterior
margin, the latter slightly concave, twice as long as postventer.
Length 4 mm.

Holotype female, Caracas (Helsingfors Museum); paratype female,
Colombia, Moritz (Berlin Museum).

46. Galgupha (Gyrocnemis) differentialis McAtee and Malloch.

Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) differentialis McAtee, W. L. and Malloch, J. R., Ann.

Mus. Z06I. Poland, VII, 1928, pp. 36-37 [Brazil, Bolivia].

Black, shining, spot covering basal third of corium (Fig. 47) except
for narrow dark bordering, and apical half of exocorium, except for
punctate veins and some fuscous suffusion connected with them,
stramineous to reddish; nearly or completely connected lateral spots on
abdominal segments both dorsad and ventrad of the narrowly dark
carinate margin, beak, antennae, and legs from knees, stramineous.

Head broadly rounded anteriorly, margin not carinate, vertex
moderately punctate, except on narrow posterior strip; pronotum with
a broad band of rather coarse but not deeply impressed punctures on
each side, punctures on disk numerous, fine, and only shallowly im-
pressed; scutellum with the latter type of punctures sparsely distrib-
uted, those near antero-lateral angles a little more distinct; corium
with moderate puncturing evident on pale portions and along veins,
but not on the darker areas. Lateral area of metapleurum scarcely
punctate; sternites with both coarse and fine punctures, the former
predominating anteriorly and discally and the latter posteriorly and
laterally; trichobothria as in Fig. 105; sixth sternite narrowly rounded

252

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

anteriorly in male, third, fourth, and fifth shorter medially than
laterally, fifth most so, sixth with a posterior subterminal groove, the
hind margin itself carinate and black; ventral exposure of hypopygium
(Fig. 1 1 5) punctate, short, concave both medially and laterally;
hypopygium opening almost directly posteriorly, dorsal rim broad,
flat, and punctate anteriorly, lateral angles wider, pale, tumid an-
teriorly, depressed posteriorly, hind wall channeled; anteriorly and
laterally the rim closely fits the central disk (Fig. 125); sixth sternite
of female n-arrowly rounded anteriorly, preceding three sternites con-
stricted medially, especially the fifth, genital plates punctate, nearly
as long on inner as on posterior margin, the latter slightly oblique and
concave. Length 4-5 mm.

Holotype male, allotype and paratypes, Santarem, Brazil,
one of the paratypes labelled July 1919, S. M. Klages, also Taperina,
Brazil (Carnegie Museum); Para, Brazil, Uhler Collection; Rio Beni,
Huachi, and mouth of Rio Mapiri, Bolivia, September, W. M. Mann,
Mulford Biological Expedition (U. S. N. M.); Salto de Uba, Rio
Ivahy, Parana, Brazil, Nov. 7, 13, 1922; Rio Ubasinho, Parana,
Brazil, March 1924 (Polish Museum).

Material examined too late to be made paratypes includes specimens
from San Bernardino, Paraguay, K. Fiebrig (Berlin Museum); Rio
Grande do Sul, Brazil, Stieglmayr (Vienna Museum); Amazonas,
Peru, Breddin Collection (cotype of nitens Breddin, Deutsches Ent.
Inst.); Peru, Noualhier, 1898; Santa Cruz de la Sierra, 1834, D’Or-
bigny (Paris Museum).

47. Galgupha (Gyrocnemis) diminuta Van Duzee.

Enryscytus diminutus Van Duzee, E. P., Ent. News, XXXIV, No. 10, Dec. 1923,

p. 305 [Pasadena, Calif.].

Black, shining, with more or less aeneous reflections; lateral margins
of abdominal segments without pale spots in two out of the three
specimens available.

Vertex shorter than broad between eyes, broadly truncate anteriorly,
a considerable area at beak impunctate; punctures of pronotum semi-
obsolete discally, more definite laterally; punctures of scutellum semi-
obsolete on anterior disk, moderately numerous and developed else-
where; corium (Fig. 45) punctate basally, smooth apically, except
along the veins; metapleurum impunctate posteriorly, except for a
row bordering ostiolar surface and a small group of punctures near
postero-lateral angle, lateral smooth area acute at apex, with a few
punctures along inner margin; sternites copiously punctate, the punc-
tures less evident medianly; sixth sternite of male acute anteriorly and
produced so that fifth is only half as long in middle as on lateral mar-

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 253

gin; ventral exposure of hypopygium copiously punctate, hind margin
only slightly reflexed, deeply biconcave (Fig. 117); in the dorsal aspect
the posterior rim of hypopygium on account of its bisinuation is well
below the level of the lateral and anterior portions, the latter are
moderately broad, with a wide shallow depression in middle of an-
terior rim, median excavation deep, the lateral walls abruptly de-
clivitous; fifth sternite o'f female not so much encroached upon
medianly as in male, genital plates copiously punctate, fully as long on
inner as on posterior margins, the inner apical angles slightly produced,
posterior margin very slightly concave. Length 3-3.8 mm.

Huachucha Mts., Ariz., Aug. 6, 1905, H. G. Barber (Barber Collec-
tion); Los Angeles Co., Calif., D. W. Coquillett (U. S. N. M.).

These specimens appear to represent Van Duzee’s species, as in
response to an inquiry he informs us that the lunate patch of hairs is
present on fifth sternite of the type ; there is some doubt, however, as his
phrase “feebly emarginate” relating to the apical margin of male
genital segment scarcely is an adequate description for the form be-
fore us.

48. Galgupha (Gyrocnemis) dimorpha sp. nov.

Black, shining, with steely-bluish reflections, corium chiefly yel-
lowish orange, costal carina, extreme base, subapical-subcostal spot,
posterior part of mesocorium (these areas sometimes connected),
veins in part, and most of clavus, fuscous to black; sharply defined
lateral abdominal spots, in both sexes, postero-lateral margin of
metapleurum of female, and spot behind each eye, concealed when
head is fully retracted, yellow; beak and antennae, testaceous.

Head about evenly rounded anteriorly, produced only about half
length of eye beyond anterior transocular line, carinate-margined,
apex of tylus as in Fig. 136; vertex moderately punctate, except pos-
teriorly; pronotum moderately punctate antero-laterally and in ex-
tremities of transverse impression, but only subobsoletely so else-
where; scutellum moderately punctate except on anterior disk which
is almost smooth ; corium (Fig. 43) punctate; trichobothria as in Fig.
106; sternites two and three of male with only scattered coarse punc-
tures, the fourth with a few similar punctures on each side of the
middle; otherwise sternites four to six, except for median smooth strip,
are covered with fine reticulate-puncturing; sixth sternite as long as
all preceding sternites together, narrowly rounded anteriorly, fifth
and fourth constricted medially to half their lateral length; ventral-
exposure of hypopygium moderate (longer than in bicornis), sparsely
punctate, not transversely channeled; hind margin shallowly trisinuate
(with a median and two sublateral emarginations) (Fig. 129); convex
lateral lobes partly pale; dorsal rim flat, broad, punctate, the lateral

254

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

angles a little broader and slightly less punctate than anterior portion;
the lateral angles are incurved apically although less incurved than in
hicornis, and due to lack of deep emarginations in the hind wall below
them, do not form free fang-like projections as in that species; sixth
sternite of female greatly produced anteriorly, one and one-half times
as long as preceding sternites together, almost dividing fifth sternite
and constricting fourth at middle to half its lateral length (Fig. 112);
genital plates punctate, inner and apical margins about equal in length,
each longer than basal margin, inner margins elevated and produced
in a straight ovipositor-like process, which is bluntly rounded apically
(Fig. 112a), posterior margin concave; subgenital plates elongate-
pyriform, oblique. Length 4-4.5 mm.

Holotype male, allotype female, and paratypes, Villarica, Paraguay,
October 1923, P. Jorgensen (U. S. N. M.); paratypes: Bolivia (Argen-
tine Museum); San Luis, Paraguay, Reimoser (Vienna Museum).

49. Galgupha (Gyrocnemis) diversa sp. nov.

Black; narrow anterior margin of head reddish; corium ochraceous-
reddish along veins anteriorly, and fuscous posteriorly, inner margin
of clavus, costal carina and a subapical subcostal blotch black, and
posterior part of mesocorium fuscous; faint postero-lateral margin
of metapleurum, sharply defined lateral abdominal spots, and a spot
behind each eye on extreme posterior underside of head, yellow;
beak, antennae, and tarsi testaceous.

Head evenly rounded anteriorly, produced less than length of eye
beyond anterior transocular line; vertex compressed to a thin margin
in front, but not carinate, moderately punctate, except posteriorly;
pronotum coarsely punctate laterally, subobsoletely punctate else-
where; scutellum moderately punctate, smoothest on anterior disk;
corium sparsely punctate; lateral area of metapleurum smooth;
sternites smooth medially, second, third, and most of fourth with only
scattered coarse punctures; an area near each lateral margin posteriorly
on fourth and all of fifth and sixth (except the polished median por-
tion) are covered with fine, reticulate puncturing; sixth sternite as
long as preceding sternites together, subangulate anteriorly, the fifth
and fourth each constricted medially to half their lateral length;
ventral exposure of hypopygium moderate, sparsely punctate, not
channeled transversely, very shallowly trisinuate; dorsal rim flat, as
broad anteriorly as at lateral angles, the latter pale, declivate both
interiorly and posteriorly; hind wall thin, steeply declivitous. Length
3.4-4 mm.

Holotype male. Province of Salta, Argentina, J. Steinbach (Berlin
Museum); paratype male, San Bernardino, Paraguay, Fiebrig (Vienna
Museum).

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 255

50. Galgupha (Gyrocnemis) fossata McAtee and Malloch.

Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) fossata McAtee, W. L. and Malloch, J. R., Ann. Mus.

Zool. Poland, VII, 1829, pp. 33-34 [Brazil].

Black, front margin of head reddish yellow, most conspicuously so
medially; lateral submargin of pronotum, costa and about half of
remainder of elytral surface, pale yellowish; the posterior half of meso-
corium, an irregular blotch anterior to it, a median subcostal spot,
and veins especially posteriorly, fuscous to black; semi-circular lateral
spots on abdominal segments, both above and below, contiguous
along connexivum, except for the linear lateral carina, reddish yellow;
antenna and beak testaceous, legs from knees chiefly stramineous, the
spines and the tibiae beneath infuscated.

Anterior margin of head smoothly convex in outline, finely carinate,
but scarcely reflexed; vertex finely to moderately punctate, except for
narrow posterior stripe; pronotum with numerous rather coarse punc-
tures bordering submarginal stripe (which is smooth), finely punctate
elsewhere, the punctures from transverse impression posteriorly
sometimes faintly rastrate; scutellum densely punctate on antero-
lateral angles, moderately punctate elsewhere, except on anterior disk,
which is almost smooth; lateral area of metapleurum smooth, sternites
of male with moderate punctures, most numerous laterally, sparse
discally, sixth sternite almost wholly impunctate; this sternite in male
angulate anteriorly, preceding sternites constricted medially; ventral
exposure of hypopygium polished, indistinctly punctate, posterior
margin with a broad angulate notch medially which traverses about
one-third of the ventral surface; on either side of this the margin is
essentially convex to extreme lateral angles, but is truncated suffici-
ently so that from some angles it appears shallowly sinuate; the dorsal
aspect of hypopygium is as follows, anterior rim for a distance slightly
exceeding width of central disk, broad, wrinkled, and slightly concave;
on each side this abruptly descends into a deep fossa bounded by the
narrow lateral and posterior walls; the latter is somewhat thickened,
calloused, and usually pale near lateral extremities; the sternites are
more numerously and coarsely punctate in the female than in the male,
the sixth is rounded anteriorly and all the preceding sternites con-
stricted medially; the genital plates are moderately punctate, nearly
as long on inner as on posterior margin, the latter nearly straight
and transverse, the inner margins slightly elevated and the inner pos-
terior angles briefly produced. Length 3.5-4.25 mm.

Holotype male and allotype female, Santa Catherina, and paratype
female, Espirito Santo, Brazil, Breddin Collection (Deutsches Ent.
Inst.); paratypes, Rio Ubasinho, Aug. 15, 17; Salto da Uba, Rio
Ivahy, Oct. 31; Salto da Ariaranha, Rio Ivahy, Nov. 26, all dates in
1922, Parana, Brazil (Polish Museum).

256

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Material studied too late to be made paratypes, includes specimens
from: Argentina, Jensen-Haarup (Helsingfors Museum); Hohenau,
Alto Parana, Paraguay, H. Richter (Berlin Museum); Rio Grande do
Sul, Stieglmayr (Vienna Museum); Paraguay, 1900, Gosset (Paris
Museum); Hohenau, Paraguay (Munich Museum).

51. Galgupha (Gyrocnemis) geayi sp. nov.

iP^neous-black on head and anterior parts of pronotum and scutel-
lum, reddish-brown on posterior parts of latter two sclerites; sub-
marginal vitta on pronotum, and corium chiefly, sordid yellowish;
punctures, veins, median blotch on exocorium, and mesocorium pos-
teriorly, fuscous; lateral abdominal spots faintly yellowish; tibiae
fuscous dorsally, stramineous ventrally ; tarsi and antennae stramineous ;
beak testaceous.

Head rounded anteriorly (subtruncate medially), produced a little
more than length of an eye beyond anterior transocular line; vertex
carinate-margined, shallowly but copiously punctate, except on tylus
and posteriorly; pronotum coarsely punctate antero-laterally above
submarginal vitta, which is smooth, and in extremities of transverse
impression where the punctures are distinctly rastrate, subobsoletely
punctate elsewhere; scutellum with numerous moderately impressed
punctures, anterior disk almost impunctate; corium distinctly punc-
tate anteriorly, indistinctly punctate posteriorly, except along veins;
lateral area of metapleurum obliquely striate, but scarcely punctate;
sternites moderately punctate, smoother medially; sixth narrowly
rounded anteriorly, about equal in length to preceding three together,
fifth and fourth slightly constricted medially, paralleling in shape the
anterior margin of sixth; genital plates punctate, less than half as long
as sixth sternite, but longer than postventer, inner margin distinctly
shorter than posterior, the latter concave, inner posterior angles
moderately produced. Length 4.2 mm.

Holotype female, Llanos, Venezuela, F. Geay (Paris Museum).

52. Galgupha (Gyrocnemis) guttiger Stal.

Thyreocoris guttiger Stal, C., Ent. Zeit, Stettin, XXIII, 1862, p. 94 [Mexico].

Black, shining, sometimes with aeneous or purplish reflections; elytral
patch stramineous to reddish, about a third as long as corium; abdomi-
nal segments with yellowish lateral spots both above and below; legs
castaneous to black; tarsi and antennae stramineous; beak testaceous.

Head rounded to subtruncate anteriorly, produced about length
of eye beyond anterior transocular line; tylus usually depressed sub-
apically; vertex copiously shallowly punctate throughout; scutellum,
except anterior portion, and pronotum, except posterior part, and disk
copiously, but very shallowly, punctate for the most part, the punctures

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 257

deeper laterally upon both sclerites; corium sparingly punctate;
metapleurum punctate bordering ostiolar field, the series of punctures
from posterior margin of ostiolar region extending to lateral edge of
the sclerite; tergites as in Fig. 8; arrangement of spiracles, tricho-
bothria and bristles as in Fig. 7; sternites moderately punctate, third
to fifth in both sexes shorter at middle than at lateral margin, fifth
decidedly shorter; sixth sternite of male (Fig. 119) almost impunctate
discally, subangulate anteriorly, slightly carinate-margined pos-
teriorly; ventral exposure of hypopygium much reduced, projecting
but little beyond sixth sternite, except for the convex median portion
(Fig. 1 19), as a consequence of reduction of this portion the basin of
the hypopygium opens posteriorly rather than dorsally as is usual in
the subfamily, and that part of dorsal rim anterior to lateral angles
constitutes less than half of the whole instead of two-thirds or more as
usual; anterior rim broad, flat, punctate, depressed before level of
central disk, lateral angles prominent, tumid, declivitous, posterior
rim scarcely elevated above central disk, except at middle; sixth ster-
nite of female narrowly rounded to subangulate anteriorly, as long as
preceding three sternites together; genital plates more than half as
long as sixth sternite, twice as long as postventer, finely punctate,
inner margin nearly as long as posterior, the latter slightly carinate,
concave, and oblique; genitalia of female in expanded condition (Fig.
15). Length 3. 2-4. 2 mm.

Holotype male, Mexico, Salle (Stockholm Museum) ; and many other
specimens representing the following countries: Bolivia, Colombia,
Trinidad, Panama, Venezuela, Nicaragua, Honduras, Costa Rica,
Guatemala, Mexico, United States, Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, and Re-
public of Dominica. In the United States the species occurs in Texas;
the localities thus far known to us being Brownsville, Sharpsburg, and
Victoria.

53. Galgupha (Gyrocnemis) impressa Horvath.

Euryscytus impressus Horvath, G., Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., XVH, 1919, pp. 227-
228 [Bolivia!.

Euryscytus impressus var. melas Horvath, G., op. cit., p. 228 [Peru].

Color and puncturing throughout, general form and shape of ster-
nites as in quadrisignata; ventral exposure of hypopygium as in
reinhardtii, posterior margin lacking lateral sinuations (See Fig. 133),
dorsal rim (Fig. 134) about the same. Length 3.5-4 mm.

In the typical variety the costa is yellowish for about one-fourth its
length at base and the subapical spot is large; in the form melas the
costa is black at base, and the subapical spot is small.

Holotype and paratype males of var. impressa, Bolivia; holotype
male of var. melas, Vilcanota, Peru; allotype female of var. melas.

258

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Callanga, Peru (Budapest Museum); and a male from Huadquina,
Peru, 5000 ft., July 30, 1911, Yale Peruvian Expedition; El Quemado,
Jujuy, Argentina, G. L. Harrington (U. S. N. M.); Callanga, Peru,
Breddin Collection (D. E. S.) ; Rio Claro, Serra da Esperanza, Feb.

4 to 12, 1922; Therezina, Aug. ii, 1922; Curityba and vicinity, July
30, Aug. 15, October, 1923; Rio Ubasinho, March 1924 (Warsaw
Museum); Brazil, Olfers (Berlin Museum); Santa Catherina, Brazil,
Liiderwaldt (Stettin Museum); Neu Freiburg, Brazil, F. Wiengreen
(Hamburg Museum); Peru; Merida, Venezuela; Yungas de Coroico,
Bolivia, Fassel (Vienna Museum); Bahia, Brazil, 1845, E. Mocquerys
(Paris Museum); Peru, M. Kirsch (Dresden Museum); Callanga,
Vilcanota, Marcapata, Peru; Coroico, Bolivia; H. Taeuber (Munich
Museum).

54. Galgupha (Gyrocnemis) inaequalis sp. nov.

Similar in form, sculpturing and color to concava, but strongly dis-
tinguished by the yellow margined vertex, and the well marked
genitalic characters described in key (Fig. 120); the punctures towards
sides of pronotum average deeper than those of concava and there is a
more distinct band of punctures across pronotum; the hypopygium is-
more or less yellowish, the posterior rim showing yellowish from above.
Dorsal rim of hypopygium deeply channeled, the inner ring bordering
central disk lower than outer, the latter so narrow as to be carinate
anteriorly, widening gradually to lateral angles, but everywhere steeply
declivate, the channel broad and deep; lateral angles pale, slightly
tumid; hind wall thin, high, interrupted by the emarginations. Genital
plates of female less than half as long as sixth sternite, but longer than
postventer, punctate, the inner posterior angles prominent and some-
what produced. Length 4-4.5 mm.

Ilolotype male, allotype female, and paratypes, Bonda, Colombia,
June, July (Carnegie Museum); paratypes. Llanos, Venezuela, F.
Geay (Paris Museum); San Esteban, March 1888, E. Simon; Caracas
(Helsingfors Museum); Caracas, Gallmer (Berlin Museum); Colombia,
April-June 1908, E. Pehlke (Stettin Museum); Colombia, 1830, Lebas
(Paris Museum); Caracas, Venezuela, 1877, O. Thieme (British Mu-
seum); Venezuela (Vienna Museum); Coroico, Bolivia (Munich
Museum).

55. Galgupha (Gyrocnemis) intermedia sp. nov.

Similar to concava, but differing from that species as does inceqiialis
in having more rastrate puncturing in extremities of transverse im-

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorinh£. 259

pression of pronotum; the posterior half of pronotum and scutellum in
the holotype are reddish ; dorsal rim of hypopygium shallowly channeled
anteriorly as in concava, deeply fossate laterally; hind wall thin, de-
clivate, interrupted by the median emargination. Length about
4 mm.

Holotype male, Taquara, Brazil, October (Carnegie Museum);
specimens labelled maculipennis Germar, Brazil but not type material
of that species (Berlin Museum).

56. Galgupha (Gyrocnemis) lineata sp. nov.

Black, corium and narrow portion of adjacent clavus yellowish to
reddish, thin costal line, blotch about middle of costa, and sometimes
connecting markings obliquely across corium toward inner posterior
angle, black; abdominal spots yellowish; legs from knees castaneous,
tarsi, antennae, and beak testaceous.

Vertex moderately rounded, produced about length of eye beyond
anterior transocular line, shallowly punctate; punctures subobsolete
on pronotum, except antero-laterally ; scutellum moderately punctate,
except on anterior disk, subrastrate on declivity; corium generally
punctate; sternites with a moderate number of coarse punctures,
smoother medially; sixth sternite subangulate anteriorly, longer on
median line than anterior sternites together; fifth, fourth, and third
constricted medially, the former two to less than half their lateral
length; genital plates (Fig. iii) punctate, half as long as sixth sternite,
thrice as long as postventer, about as long on inner as on posterior
margins, the latter oblique and slightly concave. Length 3.5-4 mm.

Holotype and paratype females, San Antonio, Argentina, Reimoser
(Vienna Museum); paratype, Brazil, Osten Sacken (Berlin Museum).

57. Galgupha (Gyrocnemis) maculipennis Germar.
Odontoscelis maculipennis Germar, E. F., Zeitschr. f. Ent., I, 1839, p. 41.

The description of concava will answer for this species, except for
differences noted in key. Ventral view of male hypopygium as in
Fig. 121; dorsal view, Fig. 122. Length 3. 5-3. 8 mm.

In the Germar Collection, Lwow Museum, are two specimens labelled
maculipennis m[ihi], Amer. Mer.” of which the first is selected as
holotype (the other is a different species, probably notatipennis Stal) ;
other specimens examined are labelled, Perico to Embarcacion,
Argentina, May 19, 1920, G. L. Harrington (U. S. N. M.); Argentina,
Jensen-Haarup (Helsingfors Museum) ; Paraguay, K. Fiebrig (Berlin
Museum); San Bernardino, Paraguay, Fiebrig (Vienna Museum).

260

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

58. Galgupha (Gyrocnemis) morbiloci sp. nov.

General coloration and puncturing as in concava, with completely
pale-margined vertex as in incBqualis] distinguished by genitalic char-
acters as noted in key and by larger size; anterior margin of vertex,
pronotal submargins, and pronotum and scutellum, posteriorly, red-
dish; ocelli thrice their own diameter from eyes; sixth sternite about as
long as preceding three combined, fifth and fourth slightly con-
stricted medially, their anterior outline paralleling that of sixth
medially; genital plates punctate, less than half as long as sixth
sternite, longer than postventer, inner margin decidedly shorter than
posterior, the latter concave, but only slightly oblique, inner posterior
angles prominent, slightly produced. Length 5 mm.

Holotype female, Tehuantepec, Mexico, June 30, F. Knab (U. S.
N. M.).

59. Galgupha (Gyrocnemis) nitens Breddin. ^

Thyreocoris nitens Breddin, G., Abh. Senckenberg, Naturforsch. Gesell., XXXVI,

I, 1914, p. 55 [Cumbase, Amazonas, Peru].

Black, polished, with aeneous reflections, fore margin of vertex
touched with yellowish or reddish near middle, corial patch (Fig.
44) yellowish, about one-third length of corium, not extending over
claval suture, a small yellowish subcostal spot about one-fourth from
apex of corium, extreme apex also more or less pale; yellowish lateral
spots on abdomen evident both above and below on all segments in-
cluding hypopygium of male; fore tibiae testaceous above, more or
less fuscous beneath in both sexes, other tibiae concolorous with
femora.

Head rounded anteriorly, produced less than length of an eye be-
yond anterior transocular line (Fig. 135) ; vertex not carinate-margined,
with numerous moderately impressed punctures, occiput smooth,
ocelli but slightly more than their own diameter distant from eye;
pronotum very glossy with numerous well marked punctures laterally,
and fine traces of punctures distinguishable elsewhere; scutellum with
numerous punctures, most distinct near antero-lateral angles, nearly
obsolete on anterior disk; exposed corium more coarsely punctate
basally, more finely apically; venation of hind wing as in Fig. 10; ster-
nites two, three, and four medially with scattered coarse punctures;
fourth laterally, fifth and sixth with dense fine punctures; sixth
sternite of male narrowly rounded anteriorly, the fifth considerably
and the fourth more moderately constricted medianly (Fig. 116);
ventral exposure of male hypopygium almost impunctate, trans-
versely channeled, hind margin distinctly thickened, broadly but
shallowly concave medianly, convex-laterally (Fig. 116); dorsal rim
rather broad, flat and punctate-wrinkled anteriorly, crossed there by a

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 261

straight longitudinal furrow, slightly concave immediately within the
broad lateral angles, then slightly tumid and gently sloping, hind
margin, low, carinate, with a broad bridge interiorly to central disk,
venter of female sparsely punctate, smoothish medianly, sixth sternite
broadly rounded anteriorly (Fig. 109), equal in length to preceding
three sternites together, fifth and fourth somewhat constricted
medially, genital plates subobsoletely punctate, third and fourth as
long as sixth sternite, twice as long as postventer, almost equilateral,
inner margins somewhat tumid, elevated, especially posteriorly, inner
posterior angles somewhat produced, posterior margin oblique and
slightly concave. Length 4-4.5 mm.

Holotype male, Amazonas, Peru, Breddin Collection (Deutsches
Ent. Inst.); other specimens from Cuatra Ojos, Bolivia, Nov. 1913;
Las Juntas, Bolivia, December 1913; Inachacha, Bolivia, alt. 2500 m.,
March 1921, J. Steinbach; Chapada, Brazil, November (Carnegie
Museum) December (American Museum); Rurrenabaque, Bolivia,
October, November; Santa Helena, Bolivia, August, W. M. Mann,
Mulford Biological Expedition (U. S. N. M.); Santa Cruz de la Sierra,
D’Orbigny, 1834; Chignitos, Bolivia, 1834, D’Orbigny (Paris Museum) ;
Callanga, Peru, Garlepp (Dresden Museum); Amazonas, Brazil;
Cauca, Colombia; Vilcanota, Peru; Pachitea, Peru (Munich Mu-
seum).

Two species were confused under the original description of nitens\
in selecting a holotype we have chosen the specimen conforming most to
Breddin’s description of the male; the “female” he cites which is a
male, is differentialis McAtee and Malloch (p. 251).

60. Galgupha (Gyrocnemis) nitidipennis sp. nov.

Greenish black, polished; anterior margin of vertex, scutellum post-
teriorly, and corium, reddish tinged; legs in general castaneous; tarsi,
antennae, and beak stramineous.

Head evenly rounded anteriorly, produced less than length of eye
beyond anterior transocular line; vertex not carinate-margined, shorter,
less convex and deflexed than in novatra, moderately punctate, except
along hind margin; pronotum coarsely punctate laterally, obsoletely
punctate elsewhere; scutellum moderately punctate in general, the
punctures sparser and shallower on anterior disk; corium obsoletely
punctate, except along veins; sternites with sparse coarse punctures,
smooth medially, sixth about as long as preceding three together;
genital plates punctate, half as long as sixth sternite, longer than post-
venter. Length 4.5 mm.

Holotype female, Haut Sarare, Venezuela, F. Geay (Paris Museum).

262

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

6i. Galgupha (Gyrocnemis) notha sp. iiov.

Of the quadrisignata group, much like the typical Central-American
form, but distinguished, as noted in key. Length 4-4.5 mm.

Holotype and paratype males, San Antonio, Argentina; allotype and
paratype females, Chicoana, Salta; paratype male. La Merced, Argen-
tina, Reimoser (Vienna Museum); El Quemado, Jujuy, Argentina,
G. L. Harrington (U. S. N. M.).

62. Galgupha (Gyrocnemis) novatra sp. nov.

Shining black, margin of abdomen both above and below, and costa
obscurely yellowish; antennae, beak, tibiae, and tarsi fusco-testaceous.

Head deflexed and narrowly rounded apically; vertex rather
obsoletely punctate everywhere, except on posterior part of tylus and
hind margin which are smooth; pronotum with a group of well-marked
punctures sublaterally on each side, and semiobsolete punctures else-
where, which, though evident under oblique lighting, do not prevent
the surface from appearing highly polished; scutellum with same type
of puncturing, coarsest near antero-lateral angles, finest on anterior
disk, and moderate elsewhere; corium punctate, less conspicuously so
on posterior third; lateral area of metapleurum rounded anteriorly,
impunctate; sternites moderately punctate, smoother medially,
especially sixth; the latter narrowly rounded and produced anteriorly,
as long as preceding sternites together, all of which are shorter medi-
ally than laterally, the fifth most constricted (to less than half its
lateral length) ; genital plates moderately punctate, about half as long
as sixth sternite and longer than postventer, inner margins elevated,
especially posteriorly, where distinctly produced about as long as pos-
terior, the latter slightly concave. Length 5 mm.

Holotype female, Jujuy, Argentina (Argentine Museum).

63. Galgupha (Gyrocnemis) novella McAtee and Malloch.

Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) novella McAtee, W. L., and Malloch, J. R., Ann. Mus.

Zool. Poland, VII, 1928, pp. 35-36 [Brazil].

Coloration and puncturing as in G. fossata, the insect differing in
hypopygial structure both from this species and from G. concava and
its allies. Ventral exposure of hypopygium indistinctly punctate and
transversely wrinkled, the wrinkles more or less paralleling posterior
emargination, the latter of a concave (not angulate) type and occupy-
ing a third of posterior margin, which is convex each side (Fig. 127);
dorsal rim punctate anteriorly, where at middle it is moderately slop-
ing, its outer border however gradually merging into the broader
antero-lateral portions, which extend almost to lateral angles, and are
there abruptly declivate, and have a lobulate appearance; next the

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 263

central disk are two deep fossae; hind wall thin, interrupted correspond-
ng to median emargination, abruptly declivate each side of this, less
abrupt where it passes into lateral angles (Fig. 126). Length 3 mm.

A male subsequently found in material from the Dresden Museum
has the hypopygium slightly different (Fig. 127) but it is somewhat
teneral and this may account for the variation from type. Locality,
Curopreto, Ohaus.

Holotype male. Fazenda Durski, Parana, Brazil, March 31, 1922
(Polish Museum); another male from same locality, with hypopygium
missing, is not made a paratype.

64. Galgupha (Gyrocnemis) occulta sp. nov.

dEneous black, corium chiefly stramineous, lateral carina, median
subcostal spot, median blotch and posterior third of mesocorium and
mesocorial vein, black; femora castaneous, tibiae and beak testaceous,
tarsi and antennae, and lateral abdominal spots, stramineous.

Head evenly rounded anteriorly, produced about half length of eye
beyond anterior transocular line; vertex coarsely punctate laterally,
but only finely punctate medially and posteriorly, wrinkled trans-
versely on tylus and obliquely on each side; pronotum distinctly
punctate laterally, but only subobsoletely punctate elsewhere; scutel-
lum moderately punctate, smoothest on anterior disk; corium moder-
ately punctate; fine puncturing on sternites of male only lateral on
third, covering most of fourth, nearly all of fifth, and all of sixth;
the second has only coarse puncturing and this type extends posteriorly
on disk of third and fourth; all sternites smoother medially; sixth sub-
angulate anteriorly, the fifth greatly and the fourth moderately con-
stricted medially; ventral exposure of hypopygium very small, smooth,
crescent-shaped, margin slightly elevated all around; dorsal rim
narrow posteriorly, broad anteriorly and much more so laterally,
tumid all around, the lateral angles conspicuously tumid and pale.
Venter of female coarsely punctured laterally, more finely and sparsely
punctate medially; sixth sternite narrowly rounded anteriorly, the
fifth and fourth moderately constricted medially; genital plates
punctate, as long as fourth and fifth sternites together on median line,
more than half as long as sixth, and distinctly longer than postventer,
inner margins three-fourths as long as posterior, the latter nearly
straight but slightly posteriorly oblique in position.

Holotype male, Bahia, Brazil, Noualhier Collection (Paris Museum);
allotype female and paratype male, Brazil (Dresden Museum).

65. Galgupha (Gyrocnemis) omissa sp. nov.

Similar in puncturing and coloration to concava \ distinguished by the
characters noted in key. Sixth sternite as long on median line as the

264

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

preceding three sternites together; genital plates punctate, about
one-third as long as sixth sternite, and slightly longer than postventer;
hind margin moderately concave, inner posterior angles a little pro-
duced. Length 3.5 mm.

Holotype and paratypes females, Chapada, Brazil, April (Carnegie
Museum).

66. Galgupha (Gyrocnemis) parva sp. nov.

Reddish brown, infuscated on disk of vertex, anterior half of pro-
notum, and anterior angles of scutellum; anterior submargin of vertex
between eyes, narrow lateral submargin of pronotum before humeral
prominence, and most of corium, pale yellowish; the extreme carinate
margin of head, pronotum, and corium is dark, and the puncturing and
veins chiefly, and a few blotches on corium are of ground-color.
Underparts castaneous, lateral spots on segments both below and above
pale yellow, tibiae stramineous with fuscous spines.

Head rounded to subtruncate apically, produced more than length
of eye beyond anterior transocular line, vertex copiously, but shal-
lowly, punctured, very few punctures on pale submargin, and extreme
posterior portions; pronotum copiously but shallowly punctate, ex-
cept on callosities and pale submargins; scutellum numerously punc-
tate, the punctures semi-obsolete on anterior disk, deepest and largest
near antero-lateral angles; corium punctate along veins, but mostly
smooth otherwise; metapleurum with a transverse rastrate strip (more
marked in female) bordering ostiolar field posteriorly and extending to
lateral margin, lateral area angulate anteriorly, impunctate; sternites
moderately punctate, third to fifth shorter in middle than on lateral
margins in both sexes; sixth subangulate anteriorly in male, ventral
exposure of hypopygium half as long as sixth sternite, impunctate,
hind margin carinate but not reflexed, ventral aspect as in Fig. 128,
dorsal rim broadest laterally, abruptly declivitous all around, central
basin deep, hind wall thin, depressed medianly in consequence of the
emargination; sixth sternite of female narrowly rounded anteriorly, as
long as preceding sternites together; genital plates impunctate, inner
posterior angles produced as an acute piercer, surpassing abdomen,
only a narrow lunate portion of subgenital plates visible (Fig. 108).
Length 2.8-3 mm.

Holotype male and allotype female, Chapada, Brazil, April, paratype
male. May (Carnegie Museum); April (A. M. N. H.); Centurion and
San Luis, Paraguay, Reimoser (Vienna Museum).

67. Galgupha (Gyrocnemis) punctifer sp. nov.

Black, shining, with pale markings as indicated in key; basal pale
mark not more than one-fourth as long as corium, extending just

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 265

to claval suture; legs castaneous, tarsi, beak, and antennae testa-
ceous.

Head evenly rounded to subtruncate anteriorly, produced about
length of eye beyond anterior transocular line, distinctly carinate
margined; ocelli about two and one-half times their own diameter
from eyes; vertex and broad lateral portions of pronotum with large,
deeply impressed subcontiguous punctures; small area on back of
vertex, and disk of pronotum with finer, shallow punctures; scutellum
impunctate on a small area on anterior disk; moderately punctate
elsewhere; subcostal pale spot on corium calloused. Lateral area of
metapleurum blunt anteriorly, more or less punctate near inner mar-
gin; metapleurum posterior to ostiolar field coarsely punctate; ster-
nites moderately punctate, smoother medially; sixth sternite of male
distinctly, though broadly angulate anteriorly; ventral exposure of
hypopygium short, hind margin distinctly reflexed, shallowly concave
from side to side as seen from below; dorsal rim, punctate, broad all
around, shallowly basined, even the hind wall broad and of only
moderate slope. Sixth sternite of female broadly rounded anteriorly,
as long as fifth and fourth together; genital plates coarsely punctate,
two-thirds as long as sixth sternite, a little longer than postventer,
inner margin somewhat elevated, a little shorter than posterior, inner
posterior angles not at all produced, hind margin nearly straight.
Length 3.5-4 mm.

Holotype male. Cacao Trece Aguas, Guatemala, April 12; allotype
female, April 4, E. A. Schwarz and H. S. Barber; paratypes, same
locality, March 24 to April 24, Schwarz and Barber; Cordoba, Vera
Cruz, Mexico, May 30, June 12, 13, 1908, F. Knab; Paraiso, Canal
Zone, Jan. 7, E. A. Schwarz; March ii, 1911, A. H. Jennings; Feb.
8, March 30, 1911, A. Busck; Panama City, Panama, April 12, 15,
1911, Taboga Id., Panama, Feb. 21, 1912, A. H. Jennings; Ancon,
Canal Zone, April 13, 1911, E. A. Schwarz; Tabernilla, Canal Zone,
A. Busck; Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico, March, H. H. Smith; also Guate-
mala, Panama, Vera Cruz, without other data (U.S.N.M.); Costa Rica,
“Am. bor.” (Deutsches Ent. Inst.); Brownsville, Texas, June 1901,
H. G. Barber (Barber Collection); Aguas Caliente, Guatemala, Keller-
man (M. C. Z.); Bolivia, Wanczewicz (Berlin Museum); Rio Frio,
Colombia, June 16, 1925 (Iowa State College); Orizaba, Mexico, May
1871, Bilimek (Vienna Museum); Darien, F. Geay; Guanajuato,
Duges, 1889; Teapa, Tabasco, March, H. H. Smith (Paris Museum);
Mexico, C. Hoge (Hamburg Museum); Turrialba, Costa Rica,
H. Taeuber (Munich Museum); Belize, British Honduras, Blancan-
eaux (Dresden Museum).

266

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

68. Galgupha (Gyrocnemis) quadrisignata St^l.

Thyreocoris quadrisignatus Stal, C., Ent. Zeit. Stettin, XXIII, 1862, pp. 94-95

[Mexico].

Polished black with seneous reflections, male slightly reddish-brown
or paler on costa basally, female more extensively brownish over base
of corium, but with no distinct corial patch, a faint subcostal pale
spot about one-third distance from apex in both sexes, these pale
markings sometimes lacking; lateral pale spots on abdominal segments
evident in both sexes, less so in male; knees and tibiae stramineous.

Head narrowly rounded to subangulate anteriorly, produced about
length of eye beyond anterior transocular line, not carinate-margined ;
tylus depressed subapically, vertex with large, but not deep, subcon-
tiguous punctures, nearly smooth on narrow occipital area; pronotum
with numerous distinct punctures laterally, with a broad transverse
band of less distinct more or less rastrate punctures behind middle,
anterior and posterior discal areas almost impunctate; scutellum with
subobsolete punctures on extreme anterior disk, and numerous dis-
tinct punctures elsewhere, deepest in antero-lateral angles; corium
punctate basally, but almost impunctate on apical half, except along
veins; lateral area of metapleurum rather broad anteriorly, impunc-
tate; lateral portions of third sternite posteriorly, and of sternites
four to six finely and copiously punctate in male in contrast to sparsely
punctate sternite two, sternites of female moderately punctate, those
of both sexes broadly polished medially; sixth sternite of both sexes
subangulate anteriorly, as long as preceding three sternites together,
fifth sternite more constricted than fourth, but both shorter in middle
than on lateral margin; ventral exposure of male hypopygium polished,
transversely channeled, hind margin shallowly concave medially,
convex laterally; dorsal rim relatively broad all around, least so pos-
teriorly, most so laterally, in both of which sections it is distinctly but
not abruptly basined; genital plates of female sparsely punctate,
two-thirds as long as sixth sternite, longer than postventer, but little
shorter on inner than on posterior margin, the latter distinctly oblique;
inner apical angles prominent and slightly produced. Length 3.5-
4.5 mm.

Type series Mexico, Salle, Hogberg, and other specimens from
Honduras, Hjalmarson (Stockholm Museum); San Jose, Guatemala,
Aug. 6, F. Knab; Quirigua, Guatemala, May 1919; Izabal, Guatemala,
June 1919, S. F. Blake; San Salvador, Salvador, Aug. 15; Sonsonate,
Salvador, Aug. 26, F. Knab; La Ceiba, Honduras, Aug. 2, 17, 19, 26,
1916; Tegucigalpa, Honduras, March 30, 31, 1917, F. J. Dyer; Ayutla,
Guatemala, Aug. 2, 1923, E. G. Smyth; Vera Cruz, Mexico, April 10,
Uhler Collection; Mexico, Baker Collection; Jalapa, Mexico (U. S.
N. M.); Guatemala, Breddin Collection (Deutsches Ent. Inst.); Los

McAtee & Malloch; Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 267

Amates, Guatemala, Kellerman (M, C. Z.); Frontera, Tabasco,
Mexico, June 1897, C. H. T. Townsend (Knight); Vera Cruz, July
29, 1926 (Stettin Museum); Piedras Negras, Costa Rica, P. Schild;
San Jose, Guatemala, November 1907, August, October, November,
1911, R. Paessler; Mexico, C. Hoge (Hamburg Museum); Los Amates,
Guatemala, February 1905 (Iowa State College); British Honduras,
Blancaneau (Dresden Museum, Paris Museum).

69. Galgupha (Gyrocnemis) reinhardti Jensen-Haarup.

Euryscytus reinhardti Jensen-Haarup, A. C., Ent. Meddel., XVI, 1926, p. 48

[Brazil].

Form, puncturing and coloration as in quadrisignata, except that the
general color of corium is reddish-brown, the costa basally, a poorly
defined sub-basal and the subapical subcostal spot paler.

Ventral exposure of male hypopygium almost impunctate, depressed
over whole area bordering the large central emargination, posterior
margin slightly sinuate each side (see Fig. 132), dorsal rim broad and
nearly flat anteriorly, much broader at lateral angles, which are
somewhat tumid on their outer portions, and distinctly though shal-
lowly basined within, hind margin rather moderately sloping,
broadly interrupted medianly. Length 3.2 mm.

Holotype and paratype males, Bahia, Brazil, Galatea Expedition,
J. T. Reinhardt (Copenhagen Museum); Merida, Venezuela, Briceno
(U. S. N. M.).

70. Galgupha (Gyrocnemis) singularis sp. nov.

Black, shining, with slight purplish reflections; corium (Fig. 46)
pale, infuscated on inner side near base and apex, and on costa as
described in key; pale yellowish spots on margins of segments large,
but separated by dark at the incisures and by the thin dark carinate
connexivum.

Head narrowly rounded anteriorly produced less than length of eye
beyond anterior transocular line; jugae nearly touching in front of
tylus, vertex depressed anteriorly, copiously, if subobsoletely, punc-
tured, except for narrow occipital area; punctures nearly obsolete
over whole disk of pronotum, well marked on lateral portions; scutel-
lum moderately punctate, nearly smooth on anterior disk; metapleurum
punctate bordering ostiolar surface and from postero-lateral angle of
latter to edge, lateral area rather broad anteriorly, impunctate;
sternites moderately punctate, smoothish medianly; third to fourth
shorter at middle than at lateral margins, and fourth to fifth decidedly
constricted; sixth sternite produced and very narrowly rounded an-
teriorly (Fig. no), longer than preceding sternites together; genital

268

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

plates two-thirds as long as sixth sternite, three times as long as
postventer, inner margins as long as posterior, longitudinally wrinkled
and punctate, the inner margins somewhat elevated, the inner angles
distinctly produced, the posterior margins decidedly concave; sub-"
genital plates narrowly semi-elliptical, finely punctate; ultimate tergite
broadly convex medianly, distinctly concave laterally, the concavities
being the ends of short trough-like depressions in upper surface (Fig.
no). Length 4 mm.

Holotype female, Perico to Embarcacion, Argentina, May 19, 1920,
G. L. Harrington (U. S. N. M.).

71. Galgupha (Gyrocnemis) soror sp. nov.

Black, corium yellowish with costal carina, punctures, an oblique
blotch from middle of subcosta to posterior part of mesocorium, and an
isolated patch on middle of mesocorium, black; parts adjacent to the
black markings reddish-brown; clavus mostly black; beak, antennae,
and tarsi stramineous.

Vertex moderately deflexed, almost evenly rounded anteriorly
(subtruncate medially), produced less than length of eye beyond an-
terior transocular line, reflexed margin very low, moderately punctate
except posteriorly, and the faintly transversely wrinkled tylus; punc-
tures evident antero-laterally, and about ends of transverse impres-
sion, subobsolete elsewhere, on pronotum; corium punctate except on
subcostal area; scutellum copiously punctate, except on extreme an-
terior disk; lateral area of metapleurum impunctate; sternites coarsely
punctate, smoother medially, sixth extensively punctate; narrowly
rounded anteriorly, about as long on median line as fifth, fourth, and
third together, these latter only slightly constricted medially; genital
plates a third as long as sixth sternite, about equal in length to post-
venter, finely punctate, inner margins decidedly shorter than pos-
terior, the latter concave, the plates slightly depressed discally, the
inner posterior angles prominent. Length 4.5 mm.

Holotype female, Mexico, 1883, Bilimek (Vienna Aluseum).

72. Galgupha (Gyrocnemis) tabida Stab

C [orimelcena] tabida Stal, C., Rio Hemip., i, 1862, p. 9 [Brazil].

Eumetopia tabida, Lethierry, L.and Severin, G., Catalogue general des Hemipteres,

I, Heteropteres, Pentatomidae, 1893, p. 13 [“Female of the preceding?’’ which

was E. fissiceps Westwood. See p. 196].

Ochreous, punctures and the following parts brownish to blackish:
irregular spots across occiput, pronotal callosities, a large triangular
patch on anterior disk of scutellum, basal depressions and three sub-
apical markings of scutellum, the lateral ones of which are elliptical
and obliquely placed, and the median one sagittate with the anterior

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 269

prolongation slender, apical two segments of antennae, and two in-
distinct annuli on third, lower surface of head about bases of antennae
and beak, most of pleural surfaces, disk of venter, most of ovipositor,
tibial spines, and tarsal claws.

Vertex considerably shorter than broad between eyes, distinctly
depressed all around behind anterior margin, coarsely punctate,
except on extreme anterior and posterior margins; pronotum almost
uniformly punctate, except for callosities; scutellum uniformly punc-
tate, the punctures shallowest on anterior disk; lateral area of metapleu-
rum broad, obliquely truncate anteriorly, punctate interiorly; ster-
nites moderately punctate, smooth medially; the sixth less copiously
punctate than the others, broadly rounded anteriorly, fifth to third
sternites much shorter medially than laterally; genital plates almost
impunctate, triangular, the inner margins elevated into a blunt-
tipped, ovipositor-like protuberance, posterior margins almost trans-
verse; subgenital plates fully exposed, sub-triangular, ventral exposure
of ultimate tergite unusually ample, as long as genital plates. Length
5.5 mm.

Holotype female, Brazil, F. Sahlberg (Stockholm Museum).

73. Galgupha (Gyrocnemis) texana sp. nov.

Similar in color and sculpturing to punctifer, differing as noted in
key; puncturing on disk of pronotum a little more pronounced and
inclining to be rastrate; there is no calloused place at the position of
the subcostal pale spot of punctifer. Length 4 mm.

Holotype male. La Blanca, Texas, May 8, 1925 (U. S. N. M.).

Additional material may show this to be a subspecies of punctifer.

74. Galgupha (Gyrocnemis) triconcava sp. nov.

The description of concava applies to this species in all respects,
except for genitalic details described in key; the ventral exposure of
hypopygium is more extensively flattened; external genitalia of fe-
male as in Fig. 107. Length 3. 5-4. 5 mm.

Holotype male, allotype female, and paratypes, Sapucay, Paraguay,
February, W. T. Foster; paratypes San Bernardino, Paraguay, K.
Fiebrig (LF. S. N. M.); Chapada and Corumba, Brazil, throughout the
year; Bom Fin, Bahia, Brazil, J. D. Haseman (Carnegie Museum);
Chapada, Brazil, April (A. M. N. H.); Amazon River, and Sao Paulo,
Brazil, Breddin Collection (Deutsches Ent. Inst.); Bolivia (Argentine
Museum); Paraguay, Dec. 7, K. Fiebrig (Berlin Museum); Province
del Sara, Bolivia, Steinbach (Stettin Museum); San Luis, Paraguay,
and Argentina, Reimoser (Vienna Museum); Buenavista, 450 meters,
Santa Cruz, Bolivia, H. Taeuber (Munich Museum).

270

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

75. Galgupha (Gyrocnemis) unica sp. nov.

ALneous-black, shining; basal corial patch ivory, other pale mark-
ings of corium distributed as in occulta, brownish-yellow; semicircular,
lateral abdominal spots, visible on segments three to six, also blotches
on subgenital plates and on ventral exposure of ultimate tergite pale
yellow; legs from knees stramineous; beak and antennae testaceous.

Head produced about length of eye beyond anterior transocular
line, front margin of head, slightly reflexed, almost evenly rounded
between eyes; vertex coarsely punctate antero-laterally, nearly smooth
medially and posteriorly; pronotum with the punctures almost evenly
distributed, but only lightly impressed discally; scutellum moderately
coarse-punctate on sides, more finely punctate on declivity, and al-
most impunctate on anterior disk; mesocorium and veins punctate;
lateral area of metapleurum broad anteriorly, punctate on inner half,
which is tumid; sternites with scattered coarse punctures laterally,
smoother discally; sixth quite narrowly rounded anteriorly, fifth and
fourth distinctly constricted medially; genital plates punctate, about
two-thirds as long as sixth sternite, one-third longer than postventer;
inner margin three-fourths as long as posterior, the latter slightly
concave, transverse in position. Length 4 mm.

Ilolotype female, Santa Marta, Colombia, Dec. 26, 1910, J. W.
Green (U. S. N. M.).

Subgenus Ctenopoda subgen. nov.

Principal characters: Corium of medium breadth, apically meso-
corial vein traceable, exocorial vein furcate, the forks connate pos-
teriorly (Fig. 48); fore tibia with a series of strong spines on postero-
ventral surface, a number of which distally form a more or less comb-
like structure (Fig. 137); hind tibia without carinate line posteriorly;
vertex carinate-margined. Subgenotype, Galgupha ( Ctenopoda)
castor sp. nov.

Key to the Species.

I. Vertex and pronotum chiefly dark; scutellum of male reaching apex of abdo-
men; sixth sternite of male angulate anteriorly; hind margin of hypopygium
shallowly emarginate almost from side to side (Fig. 142), with a slight
secondary median emargination; dorsal rim as in Fig. 143; female genitalia
as in Fig. 138 pollux sp. nov.

Vertex and pronotum chiefly pale; scutellum of male not reaching apex of
abdomen; sixth sternite of male subangulate; hind margin of hypopygium
shallowly concave medially (Fig. 140) dorsal rim as in Fig. 141; female
genitalia as in Fig. 139 castor sp. nov.

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 271

Systematic Arrangement of the Species:

pollux; castor.

76. Galgupha (Ctenopoda) castor sp. nov.

General color stramineous, punctures and the following areas,
fuscous to black: tylus and nearby parts, triangle behind eye including
ocellus, occiput, anterior disk of pronotum, three basal, three medial,
and two apical blotches on scutellum, more or less diffused or con-
nected, middle of costa, subapical spot on inner half of corium, ventral
surface in general (except hind margin of head, lateral semi-circular
spots on sternites three to six, and genitalia generally), femora, castane-
ous, tibiae stramineous, spines black ; tarsi, beak, and antennae testaceous.

Head produced more than twice length of eye beyond anterior
transocular line, subtruncate and slightly up-curved anteriorly; en-
tire upper surface with scattered coarse punctures and irregular smooth
areas between, the latter largest in region of callosities (where also the
punctures are finer), middle of pronotum, and anterior disk of scutel-
lum; corium punctate only along veins posteriorly; lateral area of
metapleurum slightly wrinkled, but not punctate; fore tibia of male
as in Fig. 137; venter copiously punctate, smoother medially; sixth
sternite subangulate anteriorly in male, naTrowly rounded in female,
nearly as long as preceding sternites together all of which aVe moder-
ately constricted medially; ventral exposure of male hypopygium
(Fig. 140) large, densely punctate in middle posteriorly, sparsely
punctate elsewhere; dorsal rim of about equal width all around
anteriorly, nearly flat, punctate, much wider and more steeply slop-
ing within lateral angles, hind wall high, most declivitous of all (Fig.
141); genital plates of female (Fig. 139), moderately punctate, about
half as long as sixth sternite, the inner margins slightly elevated, inner
posterior angles produced, posterior margins slightly convex laterally,
concave near inner angles, subgenital plates almost entirely concealed,
postventer reduced to a mere line medially. Length 4.25-4.75 mm.

Holotype male, allotype female, and paratypes, Corumba, Brazil,
April; paratype same locality, March (Carnegie Museum).

77. Galgupha (Ctenopoda) pollux sp. nov.

Vertex, except anterior submargin, and pronotum, except lateral
submargins and a chain of indistinct blotches across posterior disk,
dark fuscous; a considerably darker species than castor, the scutellar
dark markings larger and more confluent.

Head less produced than in castor, only about one and one-half times
length of eye beyond anterior transocular line, narrowly rounded and
slightly upturned anteriorly; puncturing as in castor-, fore femoral
comb less developed than in that species; fifth and fourth sternites
more constricted medially, the former to about half its lateral length;
ventral exposure of hypopygium (Fig. 142) large, sparsely punctate,
the punctures somewhat more densely grouped in middle posteriorly;

272

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

dorsal rim (Fig. 143) broader anteriorly than laterally, the lunate
anterior third is moderately sloping inwardly, the lateral angles are
narrowed and shelf-like from being hollowed out beneath, the hind
wall is thin, abruptly and greatly declivitous medially, and rather
thickened laterally. Genital characters of female (Fig. 138) similar
to those of castor. Length 3.5-4 mm.

Holotype male. Corumba, Brazil, March (Carnegie Museum);
allotype female, Paraguay, K. Fiebrig (Berlin Museum); paratype,
lacking abdomen, Paraguay, 1900, Gosset (Paris Museum).

The fore tibia in this species does not have the spines so densely
grouped at apex of the postero-dorsal surface as in castor, but the
armature is quite smiliar and distinct from that of any other species
of the genus in the wide sense.

Subgenus Trepocnemis subgen. nov.

Principal characters-. Exocorial vein distinctly furcate, the branches
connate apically; corium pointed apically (Fig. 50); hind tibia some-
what flattened dorsally with longitudinal carinate line posteriorly and
a sulcus between; lateral area of the metapleurum sparingly punctate
interiorly. Subgenotype Galgupha {Trepocnemis) anomala sp. nov.

78. Galgupha (Trepocnemis) anomala sp. nov.

Dull black; tarsi, beak, and antennae, testaceous.

Head produced about twice length of eye beyond anterior transocular
line, front margin low reflexed, narrowly rounded, subtruncate medi-
ally; vertex coarsely punctate, except posteriorly; pronotum punctate
throughout, coarsely so antero-laterally and about ends of transverse
impression (where more or less rastrate), finely punctate elsewhere;
scutellum copiously punctate except on anterior disk, which is subtly
transversely wrinkled and subobsoletely punctate, declivity rather
rastrate; corium as in Fig. 50; mesocorium and veins distinctly punc-
tate; sternites numerously punctate, a little smoother medially; sixth .
sternite of female subangulate anteriorly, about as long as the preced-
ing two sternites together, fifth slightly and others scarcely, constricted
medially; genital plates punctate, half as long as sixth sternite and
about as long as postventer, inner margins two-thirds as long as pos-
terior, the latter nearly straight and transverse. Length 3.5 mm.

Holotype female. General Roca, Rio Negro, Argentina, Dec. 2,
1920, A. Wetmore (U. S. N. M.).

Subgenus Orocoris subgen. nov.

Principal characters-. Corium (Fig. 49) narrowed posteriorly, exo-
corial vein distinctly furcate, the forks connate apically; mesocorial

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 273

vein as a series of distinct separated punctures for its whole length;
hind tibia with longitudinal carinate line; anterior outline of head
bluntly angulate each side of the tylus, head tumid beneath these
angulations; fore tibia with an antero-dorsal series of closely placed
black spinules (in addition to the usual pale bristles) on almost its
entire length (Fig. 146); ocelli well behind posterior margins of eyes.
Subgenotype Cydnoides arizonensis Van Duzee.

79. Galgupha (Orocoris) arizonensis Van Duzee.

Cydnoides arizonensis Van Duzee, E. P., Ent. News, XXXIV, p. 304, December
1923 [Mt. Lemon, Arizona].

Shining black, beak, antennae, and tarsi fusco-testaceous.

Head produced less than length of eye beyond anterior transocular
line; front margin of vertex truncate anteriorly, angulate laterally as
described in key, then sinuate to eyes; vertex coarsely, almost con-
tigously punctate, except on narrow occipital strip; remainder of dor-
sal surface copiously punctate, the punctures coarse and distinct
laterally, and finer discally; punctures more or less rastrate in lateral
portions of the rather conspicuous transverse impression of pronotum;
lateral area of metapleurum impunctate; corium as in Fig. 49; ster-
nites copiously punctate, smoother medially; fore tibia and femur as
in Fig. 146; sixth sternite angulate anteriorly in male, fifth constricted
medially to less than half its lateral length, others noticeably, but less
constricted; ventral exposure of male hypopygium (Fig. 144), large,
almost semi-circular, the margin raised all around, hind margin slightly
reflexed, very shallowly biconcave; dorsal rim (Fig. 145) with the an-
terior third of about uniform width, flat, much depressed below level
of remaining portions, lateral angles broader, tumid, the hind margin
thickened, elevated and except for two slight depressions, correspond-
ing to the shallow concavities above noted, about on level with lateral
angles; sixth sternite of female subangulate, preceding sternites only
slightly constricted medially; genital plates about half as long as sixth
sternite, and about equal in length to postventer, punctate, inner mar-
gins distinctly shorter than posterior, a little tumid apically, posterior
margins transverse in position but slightly concave, inner posterior
angles more or less rounded off. Length 4-4.5 mm.

Specimens examined are from Huachucha Mts., Arizona, Chas.
F. A. Schaeffer (Brooklyn Museum); and same locality July 10-31,
1905, H. G. Barber (Barber Collection).

Subgenus Acrotmetus Horvath.

Acrotmeius Horvath, G., Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., XVII, 1919, pp. 223-224 [type
species Corimelcena major Breddin].

Principal characters: Corium truncate apically, but more narrowed
than in Euryscytus for example, exocorial vein distinctly furcate, the

274

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

forks scarcely connate distally, mesocorial vein traceable posteriorly
(Fig. 51); lateral area of metapleurum broad with a few rows of punc-
tures bordering ostiolar surface; hind tibia with longitudinal carinate
line; second antennal segment fully half as long as third; antero-dorsal
row of spines about as long as those of postero-dorsal row on fore tibia.
Subgenotype Tetyra schiilzii Fabricius, of which Corimelcena major
Breddin is a synonym.

Key to the Species.

I. Pronotum and scutellum strongly transversely rugulose, the punctures copious,
well marked, and chiefly rastrate; corium with a stramineous basal mark on
costa which does not extend over cubitus crassa sp. nov.

Pronotum and scutellum scarcely transversely rugulose, punctures not rastrate,
subobsolete over considerable portions of the dorsum; corium black, or with
a red or orange basal mark which extends well over cubitus 2

2. Corium entirely dark 4

Corium with a basal pale marking 3

3. Hind margin of male hypopygium (Fig. 147) almost transverse on median

three-fourths; genital plates of female three-fourths as long on inner as on
posterior margin; abdominal segments with pale lateral spots.

schulzii Fabricius.

Hind margin of male hypopygium (Fig. 148) broadly convex medially, con-
cave each side; genital plates of female little more than one-half as long on
inner as on posterior margin; abdomen usually without pale lateral spots.

tucumanus Horvath.

4. Disk of scutellum more highly polished; genital plates of female about one-

third as long as sixth sternite, less than one-half as long as wide, disk on

same plane as inner and posterior margins brasilianus Jensen-Haarup.

Disk of scutellum less highly polished, all but anterior disk distinctly punctate;
genital plates of female about one-half as long as sixth sternite, disk depressed
below inner and posterior margins 5

5. Vertex produced about twice length of eye beyond anterior transocular line;

length 5.5 mm. or more grossa McAtee and Malloch.

Vertex produced about length of eye beyond anterior transocular line; length
5 mm minuenda McAtee and Malloch.

Systematic Arrangement of the Species.

Corium with pale marking:

schulzii, tucumanus, crassa.

Corium without pale marking:
grossa, minuenda, brasilianus.

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the ThyreocoriNvE. 275

8o. Galgupha (Acrotmetus) brasilianus Jensen-Haarup.

Acrotmetus brasilianus Jensen-Haarup, A. C., Ent. Meddel., XVI, 1926, pp. 48-49

[Brazil],

Piceous to black; antennae, tarsi, and beak usually testaceous, some-
times more or less infuscated; faint yellowish lateral spots on sternites
three to six.

Head produced less than length of eye beyond anterior transocular
line, narrowly rounded anteriorly, subtruncate medially; punctures
scarcely deeply impressed, except on lateral portions of pronotum and
scutellum, all discal parts polished, with the punctures nearly obsolete;
corium only obsoletely punctate, except along veins; sternites numer-
ously punctate, smoother medially; sixth sternite of male longer than
preceding sternites together, subangulate anteriorly, each of sternites
three to five also with a slight median anterior convexity, these ster-
nites slightly constricted medially; ventral exposure of male hypo-
pygium polished on anterior disk, sparsely punctate elsewhere, trans-
versely channeled, hind margin varying from convex to slightly
emarginate medially; dorsal rim broad, except posteriorly, basined,
posterior margin with a depression in specimens having an emargina-
tion; sixth sternite of female broadly subangulate anteriorly, as long
as the preceding three sternites together, which are slightly constricted
medially, convex in middle posteriorly; genital plates obsoletely punc-
tate, scarcely as long as postventer, hind margin concave, inner pos-
terior angles produced. Length 4.5 mm.

Holotype female and allotype male, Lagoa Santa, Brazil, Reinhardt
(Copenhagen Museum); other specimens from Chapada, Brazil, May,
November (A. M. N. H.); April, November; Piedro Blanca, Bolivia,
near Corumba, Brazil (Carnegie Museum); Bolivia (Argentine Mu-
seum); Foz do Iguassu, March 19, 1923; Pinheirinhos, April 18, 1923,
Parana, Brazil (Warsaw Museum); Brazil (Berlin Museum); Brazil,
Schott (Vienna Museum); Hohenau, Paraguay, H. Taeuber (Munich
Museum).

81. Galgupha (Acrotmetus) crassa sp. nov.

Color fuscous to black, except for a narrow stramineous costal mark
that does not extend inward beyond cubital vein (Fig. 51); there are
faint indications of pale lateral abdominal spots in some specimens;
beak, tarsi, and antennae testaceous.

Head narrowly rounded anteriorly, produced about length of eye
beyond anterior transocular line; vertex copiously and coarsely punc-
tate, except on middle posteriorly, where even there are traces of punc-
tures; punctures somewhat finer on anterior disk than laterally, on
pronotum and scutellum, but still well-marked; corium as in Fig. 51,
mesocorium and veins distinctly punctate; sternites numerously and

276

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

coarsely punctate, smoother medially; sixth sternite angulate anteriorly
in both sexes, fifth and fourth only slightly constricted; ventral ex-
posure of male hypopygium punctate, slightly channeled transversely,
the posterior margin varying from concave to shallowly emarginate
medially; dorsal rim broad anteriorly and laterally, basin trapezoidal,
broadest anteriorly, posterior wall narrow, depressed medially; genital
plates of female, punctate, half as long as sixth sternite, about
as long as postventer, inner margins distinctly elevated, somewhat
shorter than posterior, the latter transverse in position, but slightly
concave. Length 5-5.5 mm.

Holotype male, allotype and two other females, Chapada, Brazil,
December (Carnegie Museum); paratype male, same date (A. M.

N. H.).

82. Galgupha (Acrotmetus) grossa McAtee and Malloch.

Galgupha {Acrotmetus) grossa McAtee, W. L., and Malloch, J. R., Ann. Mus. Pol.

Z06I., VII, 1928, pp. 39-40 [Brazil, Guianah

Black, costa more or less reddish at base; tarsi, beak, and basal three
segments of antenna testaceous, apical two segments of antenna
fuscous.

Head narrowly rounded anteriorly, produced twice length of eye in
front of anterior transocular line; vertex except smoother occipital
strip, disk of pronotum, and anterior disk of scutellum with fine,
subobsolete, punctures, lateral areas of pronotum and scutellum with
coarser and more distinct punctures; corium punctate on anterior,
but not on posterior half, except along veins; sternites moderately
punctate, smoother medially, especially the sixth; sixth sternite of
male subangulate anteriorly, the preceding sternites slightly constricted
medially, ventral exposure of hypopygium nearly flat, punctate, hind
margin nearly evenly convex as seen from below; dorsal rim gradually
sloping interiorly from all sides, with rather conspicuous pale hairs;
sixth sternite of female subangulate anteriorly, about thrice as long as
genital plates, the latter punctate, about half as long on inner as on
posterior margin, the disk in part lower than margins. Length
5. 5-6. 5 mm.

Holotype female, allotype male, and paratypes, Salto Guayra, Rio
Parana, Jan. 27, 1923, paratypes, same locality (in Parana, Brazil)
Jan. 29 and Feb. 8, 1923 (Polish Museum); Cayenne, Noualhier,
1898 (Paris Museum).

83. Galgupha (Acrotmetus) minuenda McAtee and Malloch.

Galgupha {Acrotmetus) minuenda McAtee, W. L., and Malloch, J. R., Ann. Mus.

Pol. ZooL, VII, 1928, p. 40 [Brazil].

Black, tarsi, beak, and antennae testaceous, the latter two appendages
somewhat infuscated.

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 277

* Head narrowly rounded, produced about the length of an eye be-
yond anterior transocular line; distribution of puncturing about as in
grossa, the whole dorsal surface, however, more or less alutaceous, not
shining, as it is in most specimens of grossa. Sternites with scattered
punctures, subobsolete medially; sixth sternite rounded anteriorly,
the preceding ones but little constricted medially, genital plates about
one-third as long as sixth sternite, punctate, inner margin less than half
as long as posterior, the latter concave. Length 5 mm.

Holotype female, Pinheirinhos, Parana, Brazil, April 16, 1923 (Polish
Museum).

84. Galgupha (Acrotmetus) schulzii Fabricius.

[Ciinex\ schulzii Fabricius, J. C., Species Insectorum exhibentes eorum differen-
tias Specifica, Synonyma, Auctorum, Loca Natalia, Metamorphosin, adiectis
Observationibus, Descriptionibus, II, 1781, p. 340 [Cayenne].

C[imex\ schulzii, Fabricius, J. C., Entomologica systematica, IV, 1794, p. 83
[Cayenne].

T[etyra\ schulzii, Fabricius, J, C., Systema Rhyngotorum, 1803, p. 143 [Cayenne].
T[hyreocoris] setiger Berg, C., Hemip. Argentina, 1879, p. 19 [Buenos Aires].
Corimelcena major Breddin, G., Neue Rhynchotenausbeute aus Siid-Amerika,
Societas Entomologica, XIX, No. 7, July i, 1904, p. 49 [Brazil].

Acrotmetus sphceridioides Horvath, G., Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., XVII, 1919, pp.
224-225 [Panama].

Black, usually with aeneous reflections, corial marking varying con-
siderably in extent, yellowish to reddish (northern specimens having it
decidedly longer on mesocorium, two-thirds as long as entire corium,
than on costa, may be known as subspecies sphceridioides Horvath) ;
yellowish to reddish lateral spots usually discernible on each of seg-
ments three to six; tarsi testaecous, beak usually castaneous, antennae
with the basal three segments usually paler than the apical second.

Head produced more than length of eye beyond anterior transocular
line, narrowly rounded anteriorly, more or less truncate medially;
back of vertex, most of dorsum of pronotum, and anterior disk of
scutellum with the punctures mostly obsolete, punctures on more
lateral areas numerous but few of them deeply impressed; mesocorium
and veins punctate; sternites coarsely punctate, smoother medially;
sixth sternite angulate anteriorly in male, about as long as all preced-
ing sternites together, third to sixth distinctly constricted medially;
ventral exposure of hypopygium punctate, slightly channeled trans-
versely, hind margin normally transverse medially for three-fourths
of its width (Fig, 147), sometimes slightly sinuate; dorsal rim broad
anteriorly and laterally, hind wall broad, depressed almost to level
of central disk; sixth sternite of female rounded to subangulate an-
teriorly, about as long as three preceding sternites together, which
are only slightly constricted medially; genital plates punctate, nearly

278

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

half as long as sixth sternite, and slightly longer than postventer, inner
posterior angles distinctly produced, hind margin oblique and slightly
concave. Length 4.5-6 mm.

Holotype and paratype males of schulzii Fabricius, Cayenne (Kiel
Museum) have been examined, and also the type series of major
Breddin, including both males and females from Espirito Santo, Brazil,
Fruhstorfer (Deutsches Ent. Inst.); the type series of sphceridioides
Horvath, Volcan de Chiriqui, 2-3000 ft., G. C. Champion (Budapest
Museum) ; we have studied many others of this same lot in the British,
the U. S. National, and other museums. We also place here specimens
from the Argentine Museum labelled setiger Berg and agreeing in all
respects with the original description of that species; these include
some from Argentina without further data, and others more definitely
labelled as, Misiones, March 7, 25, 1897; Buenos Aires, Nov. 2, 14,
15, 1896, S. Venturi.

Schulzii evidently is one of the most common species of the sub-
family and it is also widespread; it seems to occur throughout South
America east of the Andes. The most northern localities we have for
it are Colima and Tabasco, Mexico.

85. Galgupha (Acrotmetus) tucumanus Horvath.

Acrotmetus tucumanus Horvath, G., Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., XVII, 1919, p. 225

[Argentina], female.

Acrotmetus persimilis Horvath, G., op. cit. pp. 225-226 [Brazil], male.

Following is a comparative description with schulzii drawn from the
female holotype. Black, corial marking reddish, half as long as
corium, third antennal segment pale apically; tarsi pale.

Head broader, more rounded anteriorly, and less truncate medially,
and ocelli noticeably farther apart than in schulzii', lateral patch of
coarse punctures on pronotum larger than in that species; sternites
more copiously punctate than in schulzii, in which species they are
smoothish medially, especially the sixth; the genital plates are de-
cidedly more transverse than in schulzii, the posterior margins but
little concave and scarcely oblique (both of which characteristics
are distinct in schulzii), the inner angles but little produced pos-
teriorly, and having only a small portion smooth (in schulzii they are
much produced and have large smooth areas) ; the subgenital plates
differ in the two species corresponding to the differing encroachment
of the genital plates. Length 5.5 mm.

The male is practically indistinguishable from schulzii, except for
the undulation of hind margin of hypopygium (Fig. 148) mentioned in
the key, and would have been placed as a variant of that species, had

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Tiiyreocorin^.. 279

not specimens turned up collected at the same time and place with
females, which are distinct from those of schulzii and which we believe
are tuciimanus. The species has about the same range in size as
schulzii. The corial marking varies from yellowish to reddish.

The material examined includes the holotype female of tucumanus,
Tucuman, Argentina, Jan. 1906, Arpad Vezenyi (Budapest Museum);
the holotype and paratype males of persimilis (the paratype is schulzii),
Cuyaba, Matto Grosso, Brazil (Budapest Museum); other males from
Argentina, one of them from Buenos Aires, Nov. 2, 1896 (Argentine
Museum); Chacras de Coria, Mendoza, Feb. ii, 1906, Jensen-Haarup
(Collection Jensen-Haarup); and Rio Salado, Province of Santiago del
Estero, Argentina, 1909, E. R. Wagner (Paris Museum).

In the last listed lot both sexes are represented, and in them the
pale color of the corium extends well beyond the petiole of the exo-
corial vein, while in typical schulzii it ceases at or almost at the
furcation.

Subgenus Galgupha Amyot and Serville.

Bibliographic reference as under the genus (p. 203).

Principal characters: Corium pointed apically (Figs. 52 to 54),
exocorial vein distinctly furcate, the branches connate apically;
lateral area of metapleurum impunctate; hind tibia with a longitudinal
carinate line; fore femur with several short stout antero-ventral
bristles on apical half (Figs. 158, 159). Subgenotype Galgupha
{Galgupha) atra Amyot and Serville.

A group of uniformly black species, which is more strictly northern
in distribution than any other in the genus, but one of the included
species occurring south of the United States in Mexico. Several of the
species are fairly common in the eastern United States, where they
may be swept from low vegetation; no details of food-habits or trans-
formations, however, are available.

Key to the Species.

1. Antero-dorsal series of spines on fore tibia (Fig. 158) terminating distally in
two decidedly weaker spines or bristles or a hiatus, when these have been
lost; puncturing mostly obsolete on discal portions of pronotum and scutel-

lum 2

Antero-dorsal armature of fore tibia (Fig. 159) usually almost uniformly
spinose, without two distal ones bristle-like and rarely with subapical hiatus;
puncturing more evident on discal portions of pronotum and scutellum .... 5

280

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

2. Scutellum angulate apically (Fig. 153); dorsal rim of male hypopygium broad

with three distinct depressions, one anteriorly and two postero-laterally;
genital plates of female decidedly shorter on inner than on posterior margin.

denudata Uhler.

Scutellum normally broadly rounded apically; genitalia otherwise 3

3. Inner margin of genital plates of female distinctly shorter than the posterior,

the latter but little oblique or concave monostira Horvath.

Inner margins of genital plates of female almost as long as the posterior, the
latter decidedly oblique and concave 4

4. Outline as seen from above noticeably more narrowly rounded posteriorly

(Fig. 152) than anteriorly; dorsal rim of male hypopygium with a con-
spicuous carinate elevation on each inner side anteriorly (Fig. 161).

carinata sp. nov.

Outline as seen from above scarcely more narrowly rounded posteriorly (Fig.
15 1) than anteriorly; dorsal rim of male hypopygium (Fig. 160) without
carinae, broadly basin-like, the anterior margin medianly (usually) excepted.

atra Amyot and Serville.

5. Branches of exocorial vein subparallel (Fig. 53) ; scutellum as viewed from side

more abruptly declivate apically (Fig. 150) ; dorsal rim of male hypopygium

basin-like, more extensively excavated interiorly 6

Branches of exocorial vein noticeably divergent (Fig. 54) ; scutellum as viewed
from side usually rounded apically (Fig. 149); male hypopygium without
fringe of hairs, dorsally with broad and flat rim all around, less extensively
excavated interiorly ovalis Hussey.

6. Hind border of hypopygium as seen from below shallowly concave for most

of its width (Fig. 154), dorsal rim narrow and abruptly declivate anteriorly,
with unusually long hairs (when unrubbed) forming a conspicuous posterior
fringe; sixth sternite of female nearly twice as long as genital plates.

aterrima Malloch.

Hind border of hypopygium abruptly concave at middle; dorsal rim broad
and flat anteriorly, lacking long hairs hesperia sp. nov.

Systematic Arrangement of the Species.

Bracket i” of key:

ovalis, aterrima, hesperia.

Bracket i’ of key:

monostira, atra, carinata, denudata.

86. Galgupha (Galgupha) aterrima Malloch.

Galgupha aterrima Malloch, J. R., in Hart: C. A., Pentatomoidea of Illinois, Bui.
111. Nat. Hist. Survey, XHI, Art. 7, June 1919 [Illinois, Maryland]

Black, shining, sometimes with aeneous reflections; tarsi, beak, and
antennae testaceous.

McAtee & Malloch; Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 281

Head produced somewhat more than length of eye beyond anterior
transocular line, front margin truncate medially, nearly straight, or
slightly sinuate between truncation and eye; vertex numerously and
distinctly punctate, except on occipital strip; pronotum smooth on
humeral prominences and posterior declivity, coarsely punctate an-
tero-laterally, moderately punctate in transverse impression and lightly
punctate elsewhere; scutellum (outline from side Fig. 150) numerously
punctate, the punctures deepest in antero-lateral angles, shallowest
on anterior disk; corium as in Fig. 53, mesocorium and veins punctate;
sternites numerously punctate, smoother medially, sixth of male angu-
late anteriorly, fifth distinctly constricted medially, fourth and third
less so; ventral exposure of hypopygium short, punctate, transversely
channeled, hind margin concave almost from side to side (Fig. 154);
dorsal rim more than twice as broad at lateral angles as anteriorly,
moderately sloping within former, abruptly declivate at the latter
position; sixth sternite of female, in general, narrowly rounded an-
teriorly, but more irregular than in any other species of the subfamily
we have examined, varying from rounded to angulate medially, and
being variously sinuate laterally. Genital plates distinctly punctate,
somewhat more than half as long as sixth sternite, about as long as
postventer, inner margins short, two-thirds as long as posterior, the
latter slightly oblique and concave. Length 4-5 mm.

Specimens are at hand from Canada, Maine, New Hampshire,
Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey,
Pennsylvania, Maryland, South Carolina, Alabama, Mississippi,
Louisiana, Oklahoma, Missouri, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Michigan.

Through the kindness of Dr. T. H. Frison we have been able to re-
examine the holotype from Illinois.

87. Galgupha (Galgupha) atra Amyot and Serville.

Galgupha atra Amyot, C. J. B., and Serville, A., Hist. Nat. Ins. Hemip., 1843, p.

68 [Mexico; North America].

In a group of species so uniform in appearance as those of the sub-
genus Galgupha, there is little to be gained by giving a detailed de-
scription of each. In contrast to aterrima, atra is distinguished other-
wise than as noted in key, by the head being produced less than length
of eye beyond anterior transocular line; by the puncturing being even
less evident than in that species on the discal portions of pronotum
and scutellum, by its larger size on the average; and slightly more
oblong outline (Fig. 151). The branches of the exocorial vein are not
so nearly parallel (Fig. 52). Fore tibia as in Fig. 158.

Sixth sternite of male bluntly subangulate anteriorly, preceding

282

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

sternites scarcely constricted medially; ventral exposure of hypo-
pygium, large, punctate, slightly transversely channeled; hind margin
convex (Fig. 155); dorsal rim (Fig. 160) broadest laterally with an
abrupt, transversely oblong basin, hind wall steeply declivate; sixth
sternite of female rounded anteriorly, preceding sternites scarcely
constricted medially; genital plates punctate, more than half as long
as sixth sternite, about as long as postventer, inner margins three-
fourths as long as posterior, the latter oblique and concave. Length
4.5-6 mm.

A specimen in the Signoret Collection (Vienna Museum) labelled
“typus col. Serv., Amerika” in the absence of one of equal claims
labelled Mexico, must be regarded as the type. Fortunately it appears
to represent the species that has commonly been identified as atra.
Specimens from the following political divisions have been examined:
Mexico; Texas; Louisiana; Alabama; Florida; Georgia; North Caro-
lina; Virginia; District of Columbia; Maryland; Pennsylvania; New
York; Connecticut; Rhode Island; Massachusetts; Vermont; New
Hampshire; Tennessee; Missouri; Iowa; Illinois; Wisconsin; Michigan;
Ohio; Ontario; Kansas; South Dakota; Arizona; Colorado; Montana;
and Washington.

88. Galgupha (Galgupha) carinata sp. nov.

Referring back to the description of aterrima again, all that needs to
be noted of carinata besides the points mentioned in the key is that, as
in atra, the puncturing is less evident on disk or pronotum and scutel-
lum; the head is produced less than length of eye beyond anterior
transocular line, and the front margin varies from truncate medially
and slightly sinuate laterally to almost evenly rounded; as in atra
the average size is considerably larger than in aterrima. The branches
of the exocorial vein are not so nearly parallel. Posterior outline of
scutellum as in Fig. 152.

The sternites have scattered coarse punctures laterally and are
nearly smooth medially; the sixth of male is rounded subangulate
anteriorly, and is about as long as the preceding three together, each
of which is slightly constricted medially and has at the middle of an-
terior margin a rounded subangulation similar to that of the sixth;
ventral exposure of male hypopygium large, punctate, slightly trans-
versely channeled, hind margin slightly concave medially, convex
laterally (Fig. 156); dorsal rim of about uniform width from lateral
angles anteriorly, depressed in middle anteriorly, with a conspicuous
curved elevation on each side between anterior depression and lateral

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin.t;. 283

angles (Fig. i6i); hind wall thin, steeply declivate; central basin
large, abrupt, and trapezoidal in shape; internal genitalia of male as
in Figs. 21-22; sixth sternite of female rounded anteriorly about as
long as the preceding two sternites together, each of which is moder-
ately constricted medially; genital plates of female, punctate, two-
thirds as long as sixth sternite, slightly longer than postventer; inner
margins nearly as long as posterior, the latter slightly concave and
strongly oblique. Length 4.5-6 mm.

Holotype male and allotype female, Louisiana, Baker Collection
(U. S. N. M.); paratypes with the same data and also the following:

Texas: Galveston Island, Uhler Collection; Brownsville, H. F.
Wickham; Victoria, April 16, 1907, W. A. Hooker; March 24, 1913,
July 15, 1907, July 16, 1911, J. D. Mitchell; April 16, 1908, May 16,
1907, C. E. Hood; June 22, 1906, W. E. Hinds; Beeville, June 5, 1906,
C. R. Jones; Nov. 6, E. A. Schwarz; Gainesville, Jan. 12, 1922, in
hibernation 5 Sept. 1923 on oats, E. E. Russell ; Dallas, May 5,11, 1906,
on Sitilias grandiflora, W. D. Pierce; May 16, 1907, C. E. Hood; May
7, 1908, May 19, 1911, E. S. Tucker; April 24, 1908, on Lepidium,
C. R. Jones and C. E. Hood; Cuero, April 25, 1907, R. A. Cushman;
Goliad Co., July 22, 1915, on Amphiachyris dractmculoides, J. D.
Mitchell; Paris, March 14, 1904, C. T. Brues; Corpus Christi, March
18, 1908, C. R. Jones and F. H. Pratt (U. S. N. M.); Dallas, Bollman;
Galveston Island (M. C. Z.).

Oklahoma: Kingfisher, Oct. 7, 1907 (U. S. N. M.).

Louisiana: Opelousas, G. R. Pilate (U. S. N. M.); Tallulah, June
9-July 4, E. R. Kalmbach (Biol. Survey); Keatchie, June 14, 1905
(U. S. N. M.); Baker Collection (Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.).

Mississippi: Natchez, May 29, 1909, E. S. Tucker (U. S. N. M.).

Alabama: Barachias, June 17, 1924, E. G. Holt (McAtee).

Georgia: Uhler Collection (U. S. N. M.).

Virginia: Mt. Vernon, June 19, 1906, D. H. Clemons (U. S. N. M.).

Maryland: Plum Point, June 20, 1914, W. L. McAtee (McAtee);
Lakeland, June 25, 1906, D. H. Clemons; near Plummers Island,
June 29, 1913, R. C. Shannon; Marlboro, May 13, H. S. Barber
(U. S. N. M.).

Tennessee: Knoxville, April 19, 1889, June 6, 8, 1890, H. E.
Summers (Iowa State College).

The outline of abdomen, as seen from above, is noticeably more
narrowed posteriorly than in aira, and in occasional specimens is sub-
angulate as in denudata.

284

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

89 Galgupha (Galgupha) denudata Uhler.

ClorimelcBna] denudata Uhler, P. R., Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., II, p. 157, Sept. 1863

[Louisiana].

This species agrees with atra and carinata in being less decidedly
punctate above; in fact it is the most polished of the three, the punc-
tures on vertex being quite shallow, and much larger areas on disk of
pronotum and scutellum, being only faintly punctate. The head is
produced about length of eye beyond anterior transocular line, and
the front margin varies from truncate anteriorly and slightly sinuate
laterally to nearly evenly rounded. The declivity of scutellum usually
is faintly transversely wrinkled, but the scabrous area near tip, men-
tioned in original description, is not a constant character. Posterior
outline of scutellum as in Fig. 153.

Venter numerously punctate laterally, smoother medially; sixth
sternite of male subangulate anteriorly, preceding sternites but little
constricted medially; ventral exposure of male hypopygium small,
punctate, slightly channeled transversely, hind margin almost evenly
low convex (sometimes slightly concave medially) ; dorsal rim broad
and of about even moderate slope from lateral angles anteriorly, a
little more depressed across each lateral angle and middle of anterior
rim, hind wall narrow and more steeply declivate; internal genitalia
of male as in Fig. 23; sixth sternite of female rounded subangulate
anteriorly, longer than the preceding two sternites, but shorter than
the preceding three sternites together, all of which are only slightly
constricted medially; genital plates punctate, less than half as long as
sixth sternite, about as long as postventer; inner margins decidedly
shorter than posterior, the latter somewhat concave, but about trans-
verse in position, inner posterior angles briefly but abruptly produced.
Length 4-5.5 mm.

Holotype male, Louisiana, Uhler Collection (U. S. N. M.) and other
specimens from Mexico (Orizaba), Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi,
Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, Virginia, and the Dis-
trict of Columbia.

90. Galgupha (Galgupha) hesperia sp. nov.

Very much like aterrima, differing chiefly in genitalic characters.
Head of female more broadly rounded; scutellum more abruptly de-
clivate posteriorly than in aterrima] sixth sternite of male more rounded
anteriorly; dorsal rim of hypopygium of about equal width and only
moderately sloping from lateral angles anteriorly; hind wall narrower,
more steeply declivate. Sixth sternite of female broadly rounded
anteriorly, with traces of a median and two sublateral angulations,
sternites five and four moderately constricted medially; genital
plates, punctate, two-thirds as long as sixth sternite, longer than

McAtee <S: Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin.t:. 285

postventer, inner margins nearly as long as posterior, the latter nearly
straight, but moderately oblique in position. Length 4. 5-5. 5 mm.

Holotype male. Eureka, Calif., June 7, H. S. Barber; allotype
female, California, Uhler Collection (U. S. N. M.); paratype female,
California (A. M. N. H.).

91. Galgupha (Galgupha) monostira Horvath.

Galgupha monostira Horvath, G. Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., XVH, 1919, p. 216

[Mexico].

Vertex slightly truncate medially, copiously punctate, except on
occiput; pronotum copiously punctate, the punctures coarser laterally,
finer discally, and tending to be rastrate on posterior half; scutellum
copiously punctate, the punctures rastrate-confluent in sublateral
slightly depressed areas, posterior declivity with a few transverse
wrinkles; sternites moderately punctate, sixth broadly rounded an-
teriorly; genital plates distinctly punctate, about a third longer than
subgenital plates. Length 4.25 mm.

Holotype female, Mexico (Budapest Museum).

92. Galgupha (Galgupha) ovalis Hussey.

Galgupha ovalis Hussey, R. F. Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XXXIII, pp. 62-63, June

1925 [Georgia].

A species agreeing with aterrima in having perceptible puncturing on
discal portions of pronotum and scutellum; head produced not more
than length of eye beyond anterior transocular line, front margin more
or less truncate medially and sinuate laterally; contrasts with aterrima
as noted in key. Outline of scutellum as in Fig. 149; corium as in
Fig. 54; fore tibia as in Fig. 159.

Sternites coarsely punctate laterally, nearly smooth on a broad
median strip in male and on a much narrower one in female; sixth
sternite rounded anteriorly in both sexes, preceding sternites but little
constricted medially; sixth sternite of male nearly as long as the pre-
ceding three together, tumid posteriorly; ventral exposure of hypo-
pygium only lightly punctate, slightly transversely channeled, its
width between lateral angles noticeably less than in related species,
sometimes not exceeding length of lateral margin of sixth sternite;
hind margin reflexed, convex in outline as viewed from below, some-
times slightly concave medially (Fig. 157); dorsal rim as described in
key, interior basin transversely elliptical; sixth sternite of female
scarcely equal in length to the preceding two sternites together, genital
plates punctate, about half as long as sixth sternite and about equal
to postventer, inner margins about two-thirds as long as posterior, the
latter slightly concave. Length 4-6 mm.

Paratype males, Macon, Ga., April 6, 1923, T. H. Hubbell (Hussey

286

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Collection); and other specimens from Guatemala, Mexico, Texas,
Louisiana, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina,
Virginia, District of Columbia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Delaware,
New Jersey, New York, Massachusetts, Oklahoma, Missouri, Iowa,
Kentucky, Indiana, Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, Arizona, New
Mexico, Wyoming, and Montana.

There is a considerable range in size in the material examined and
some variation in outline, and in the proportions of the antennal
segments, but not to the extent or constancy that we consider worth
recognizing nomenclatorially. Hussey evidently thought there were
two forms in this group, which is that most frequently identified as
nitidiiloides Wolff, but we apply the new name he proposed to the
whole complex without further subdivision. Wolff’s species, upon
examination of the type proves to be a Nothocoris (See p. 305).

Subgenus Microcompsus Horvath.

Microcompsus Horvath, G. Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., XVH, 1919, p. 224 [type

species, Tetyra daldorfii Fabricius].

Principal characters: Corium (Fig, 55) rounded apically, exocorial
vein distinctly furcate, the branches connate posteriorly, mesocorium
without veins; lateral area of metapleurum more or less punctate
bordering ostiolar surface; hind tibia with longitudinal carinate line;
vertex produced twice, or more than twice, length of eye beyond an-
terior transocular line, coarsely punctate; coloration ‘ Aoccinelloid”
(Figs. 162, 166). Subgenotype Galgupha {Microcompsus) daldorfii
Fabricius.

Key to the Species.

I. Ventral exposure of male hypopygium distinctly more than half as long as
sixth sternite, almost straight in profile (Fig. 163), posterior margin sub-
truncate medially (Fig. 168); genital plates of female half as long as sixth
sternite, with sparse, small punctures daldorfii Fabricius.

Ventral exposure of male hypopygium distinctly less than half as long as sixth
sternite, noticeably concave in profile (Fig. 164), posterior margin shallowly
emarginate medially (Fig. 167); genital plates of female about one-third as
long as sixth sternite, coarsely punctate vinculata Germar.

Systematic arrangement of the species the reverse of that in key.

Key to the Color- varieties.

I. With a submarginal pale vitta each side of pronotum (Fig. 162).

var. fabricii var. nov.
var. daldorfii Fabricius.

Without such vittae

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorinhi:. 287

93. Galgupha (Microcompsus) daldorfii Fabricius.

T[etyra\ daldorfii Fabricius, J. C., Systema Rhyngotorum, 1803, p. 144 {Amer.

merid.].

93a. Galgupha (Microcompsus) daldorfii var. daldorfii Fabricius.

Bibliographical reference as under specific name.

Like the following fully described new variety, except as noted in
key to color-varieties, corium as in Fig. 55; apex of venter from side
as in Fig. 163.

Holotype without abdomen, labelled “Schmidt, Mus. de Sebe-
stedt” (Copenhagen Museum).

93b. Galgupha (Microcompsus) daldorfii var. fabricii var. nov.

Castaneous to black, a narrow vitta just within lateral carina of
pronotum, a trilobate mark across posterior third of this sclerite, the
lateral extremities of which rest on the humeral prominences; three
large spots on posterior half of scutellum (Fig. 162), apical margin of
this sclerite, corium with the exception of a subapical dark vitta
and transverse shading, and spots on margins of sternites three to
six, yellowish to reddish; beak and antennae chiefly testaceous; legs
castaneous, tibiae with a narrow, longitudinal, yellowish stripe pos-
teriorly, tarsi yellowish. In females the ultimate segment is largely
yellowish, and there is a touch of yellow on the genital plates laterally,
and on the subgenital plates posteriorly.

Head triangularly produced, narrowly rounded apically, tylus a little
upturned, vertex coarsely punctate, except in middle posteriorly,
where the punctures are sparse and subobsolete, tylus transversely
wrinkled; pronotum coarsely and more or less rastrate sublaterally
and about extremities of transverse impression; submarginal vittse
and discal regions, especially where pale colored, inconspicuously
punctate; scutellum numerously punctate, finely so on anterior disk
and on pale markings, more coarsely and often rastrately so, else-
where; mesocorium and veins punctate; lateral area of metapleurum
broad anteriorly; venter coarsely punctate laterally, more finely and
sparsely so medially; sixth sternite of male angulate anteriorly as
long as the preceding sternites together, all of which are constricted
medially, fifth and fourth conspicuously so; ventral exposure of
hypopygium, large, sparsely punctate, concentrically wrinkled basally,
hind margin subtruncate medially; dorsal rim narrow and slightly,
roundly-elevated anteriorly, between this rim and central declivity
there is a narrow finely-haired terrace; lateral angles flat, smooth and
broad; hind margin thin, abruptly declivate (Fig. 168); sixth sternite
of female rounded, subangulate anteriorly, as long as the preceding
three sternites together, each of which is noticeably constricted medi-

288

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

ally; genital plates about equal in length to postventer, posterior mar-
gins almost transverse, meeting inner, in 90° angles. Length 3.25-
3.75 mm.

Holotype male, Chapada, Brazil, hprW] allotype female same locality,
October; paratypes same locality, July, October (Carnegie Museum);
April (A. M. N. H.); female, Taquara, Brazil, October (Carnegie
Museum).

94. Galgupha (Microcompsus) vinculata Germar.

0[dontoscelis] vinculatus Germar, E. F., Zeitschr. f. Ent., I, 1839, p. 42 [Cayenne].

General habitus as in Fig. 165; apex of venter from the side, as in
Fig. 164.

Key to the Color-varieties.

I. Hind margin of pronotum pale 2

Pronotum entirely dark 4

2. Pronotum with submarginal pale vittae; peripheral band of scutellum more or

less infuscated, spots near apex rarely isolated and distinct.

var. insularis var. nov.

Pronotum lacking submarginal pale vittse 3

3. Peripheral band of scutellum pale, with the apical pair of dark spots usually

isolated and distinct var. pictula Walker.

Peripheral band of scutellum infuscated, posterior margin and three subdiscal
more or less connected spots, pale var. surinamensis var. nov.

4. Peripheral band of scutellum more or less infuscated, spots near apex rarely

isolated and distinct var. vinculata Germar.

Peripheral band of scutellum pale, with the apical pair of dark spots isolated
and distinct (Fig. 166) var. scymnoides Jensen-Haarup

94a. Galgupha (Microcompsus) vinculata var. vinculata Germar.

Bibliographic reference same as for the species.

Black, shining, the corium, except for a marginal subapical blotch
of ground-color, a broad peripheral band more or less obscured by
the ground color on scutellum, lateral spots on fifth and sixth sternites,
ultimate tergite, and a spot on each subgenital plate of female, yel-
lowish to reddish; antennae and beak testaceous to fuscous, legs
castaneous, tarsi testaceous.

Head triangularly produced, truncate apically; puncturing of dorsal
surface throughout as in daldorfii, but finer, the central anterior por-
tion of scutellum almost impunctate; sternites with coarse, shallow
punctures laterally, smoother medially; sixth sternite of male angulate
anteriorly, as long as the preceding sternites together, fifth distinctly,
others moderately, constricted medially; ventral exposure of hypo-
pygium obscurely punctate; dorsal rim much as in daldorfii, the

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 289

polished ring-like anterior portion narrower (Fig. 167); sixth sternite
of female subangulate anteriorly, longer than the preceding two, but
scarcely as long as the preceding three sternites together, all of which
are somewhat constricted medially; genital plates shorter than post-
venter, posterior margin slightly concave, and a little anteriorly oblique
in position. Length 3.5-4 mm.

Merida, Venezuela, S. Briceno (U. S. N. M.); Llanos, Venezuela,
F. Geay (Paris Museum); Venezuela (Stettin Museum); Colombia,
Rolle (Berlin Museum); Cayenne, French Guiana, 1902, F. Geay;
1914, R. Benoist; Boura, French Guiana, March, A. Bonhoure (Paris
Museum); Cayenne, Pillault (Vienna Museum); Coroica, Bolivia;
French Guiana; St. Laurent, Guiana; Cauca, Colombia, H. Taeuber
(Munich Museum).

94b. Galgupha (Microcompsus) vinculata var. insularis var. nov.

Similar to the typical variety, except as pointed out in key; inter-
grades with var. pictula. Length 3.25-3.75 mm.

Holotype male, allotype female, and paratypes, Aripo Savana,
Trinidad, Oct. 26, 1918, Harold Morrison; paratypes; Caroni River,
October 12; Caranege, Oct. 14; D’Abadie, Oct. 15; River Estate, Oct.
16; Savana St. Clair, Oct. 24, all in Trinidad, 1918, Harold Morrison
(U. S. N. M.); La Cruz Ruviera, Guarico, Venezuela, 1925, M. Grisol;
Sarare, Venezuela, 1899; Llanos, Venezuela, F. Geay, (Paris Museum).

94c. Galgupha (Microcompsus) vinculata var. pictula Walker.

Corimelcena pictula Walker, Francis, Catalogue, i, 1867, pp. 80-81 [Brazil].

Like the typical variety, except as described in key. Length
3.25-3.75 mm.

Holotype male, Rio Janeiro (British Museum); other specimens
seen are from Bahia, Brazil, J. D. Haseman; Rio de Janeiro (Carnegie
Museum); Bahia, Uhler Collection (U. S. N. M.); Brazil, Pippinsk.
(Helsingfors Museum); La Cruz, Ruviera, Guarico, Venezuela, 1925,
M. Grisol; Llanos, Venezuela, F. Geay; Rio de Janeiro; 1. Taituba,
Amazonas, Brazil, Noualhier, 1898 (Paris Museum).

94d. Galgupha (Microcompsus) vinculata var. scymnoides

Jensen-Haarup.

Galgupha scymnoides Jensen-Haarup, A. C., Ent. Meddel., XVI, 1926, pp.
46-47 [Brazil].

Parallels the typical variety, but distinguishable as noted in key.
Color pattern of dorsum as indicated in Fig. 166. Length 3.25-4 mm.

290

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Holotype male, Bahia, Brazil, Kjellerup, paratype male, Lagoa
Santa, Brazil, Reinhardt (Copenhagen Museum); other specimens
from Merida, Venezuela, S. Briceno; Manaos, Brazil, H. B. Merrill;
Huachi, Rio Beni, Bolivia, September, W. M. Mann (U. S. N. M.);
Chapada, and Corumba, Brazil; Bonda, Colombia (Carnegie Mu-
seum); Chapada, Brazil (American Museum); Bolivia (Argentine
Museum; Stettin Museum); Chaco de Santa Fe, 1904, E. R. Wagner;
Brazil, 1840, Barreto; Boura, French Guiana, March 1909, A. Bon-
houre; Cayenne, French Guiana, September, 1914, R. Benoist;
Montagnes des Orgues, Tijuca, Brazil, 1902, E. R. Wagner; Paraguay,
1900, Gosset; French Guiana, 1898, Noualhier (Paris Museum);
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, January 1924-, F. X. Williams (Van Zwaluwen-
berg) ; Caracas (Helsingfors Museum); Cordilleras of Colombia, T.
Wieme; San Bernardino, Paraguay, K. Fiebrig (Berlin Museum);
Colombia, Rolle; Province del Sara, Bolivia, Steinbach (Stettin Mu-
seum); San Antonio, Zuviria, Argentina; Centurion, Paraguay,
Reimoser; Minas Geraes, Brazil, 1897, Fruhstorfer; San Bernardino,
Paraguay, Fiebrig (Vienna Museum); Coroico, Bolivia (H. G.
Barber).

94e. Galgupha (Microcompsus) vinculata var. surinamensis var. nov.

Distinguished as noted in key. Length 3-4 mm.

Holotype male and allotype female, Paramaribo, Surinam, C.
Heller (Hamburg Museum) ; St. Laurent, Guiana, H. Taeuber (Munich
Museum).

Subgenus Nothocoris McAtee and Malloch.

Nothocoris McAtee, W. L. and Malloch, J. R., Ann. Mus. Zo5l. Poland, VII, 1928,
pp. 40-41 [type species Odontoscelis brunnipennis Germar].

Principal characters: Corium pointed apically (Figs. 53-54), exocorial
vein distinctly furcate, the branches connate apically; lateral area of
metapleurum punctate interiorly; hind tibia with a longitudinal cari-
nate line (Fig. 173); coloration in most species not ‘ Aoccinelloid.”
Subgenotype Galgupha ( Nothocoris) brunnipennis Germar.

This subgenus contains several groups with quite different color
characters and within each the species are frequently very difficult to
distinguish from each other. The common species nitiduloides Wolff
is either very variable or else the forms herein accepted as subspecies
are extremely closely related species, a question which may well be

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 291

left to subsequent investigators with opportunity for studying the
forms in life.

Key to the Species.

I. Vertex produced two or more times length of eye beyond anterior transocular
line, coarsely punctate; corium chiefly stramineous; scutellum more or less
pale-margined posteriorly; some of the sternites with pale lateral spots. ... 2
Vertex neither so much produced nor so coarsely punctate; corium seldom
chiefly stramineous; scutellum usually entirely dark, in one species chiefly
reddish; sternites in most species without pale lateral spots 12

2. Males 3

Females 8

3. Scutellum with a widely separated pair of pale yellow spots on the disk and a

larger subtriangular mark of same color on each side beyond apex of corium;
ventral exposure of hypopygium longer than fourth and fifth sternites to-
gether, hind margin slightly reflexed and almost evenly low convex.

oculata sp. nov.

Scutellum without pale discal spots and with or without pale apical marking. . 4

4. Sixth abdominal sternite not, or very little, longer than the three preceding

segments combined at center 5

Sixth abdominal sternite decidedly longer than the three preceding segments
combined at center 6

5. Vertex in front of the anterior transocular line three times as long as eye;

the scutellum with but faint indications of the yellow peripheral marking,
only a trace of it beyond level of apex of corium. . . microphthalma sp. nov.
Vertex in front of the anterior transocular line hardly more than twice as long

as eye; the yellow peripheral marking of scutellum complete, at least as

wide at anterior extremity, near apex of corium, as corium at its base, more
narrowed apically semilimbata Horvath.

6. Vertex in front of anterior transocular line three times as long as eye; hypo-

pygium with the margin slightly convex stramineipennis sp. nov.

Vertex in front of anterior transocular line less than three times as long as
eye; hypopygium with the margin slightly concave centrally 7

7. Ventral exposure of hypopygium almost straight in profile, marginalis sp. nov.

Ventral exposure of hypopygium concave in profile caracasana sp. nov.

8. Scutellum with a widely separated pair of pale yellow spots on the disk and a

larger subtriangular mark of the same color on each side beyond apex of

corium oculata sp. nov.

Scutellum without pale yellow discal marks, usually with yellow marks from
beyond apex of corium around the apical periphery 9

9. Length of genital plates on inner margin as great as that of fourth and fifth

sternites combined at center, their posterior margins sinuate; scutellum
with a very narrow, almost linear, pale yellow margin; sixth sternite at
middle as long as the preceding three sternites combined. inornata sp. nov.

292

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Length of genital plates distinctly less on inner margin than that of fourth
and fifth sternites combined at same point, their posterior margins straight
or almost so; scutellum with a distinct yellow apical marginal border which
is rather broad just beyond the apices of the coria lo

10. Sixth abdominal sternite evenly and broadly rounded in front; pale peripheral

marking of scutellum at its widest point not as wide as widest portion of

corium grenadensis sp. nov.

Sixth abdominal sternite angulate in center of anterior margin; pale peripheral
marking of scutellum at least as wide as widest portion of corium 1 1

11. Widest part of the pale peripheral marking of scutellum wider than the widest

part of corium semilimbata Horvath

Widest part of the pale peripheral marking of scutellum about as wide as the
widest part of corium caracasana sp. nov.

12. Pronotum with yellowish laterally submarginal impunctate vittae.

marginicollis Horvath.

Pronotum without such vittae 13

13. Scutellum vermilion red, with a black basal fascia which is extended back-

ward as a moderately broad central vitta to, or a little beyond, middle, and
at or beyond the apex of the fascia and on each side of it large black spots
(Fig. 177); corium vermilion-red, narrowly blackish along the inner maigin

of the exposed portion on apical half coccinelloides Horvath.

Scutellum black, rarely slightly paler on the periphery apically 14

14. Corium with a large orange or yellow mark at base, which covers all of the area

to apex of clavus, except the clavus itself 15

Corium either entirely black or mostly reddish, sometimes merely reddish at
base, never with a large basal pale mark as described above 19

15. Corium aeneous-black, with a basal and an apical pale yellow mark; lateral

area of metapleurum much narrowed anteriorly terminalis Walker.

Corium pale yellow or orange- yellow at base only, the entire apex dark. ... 16

16. Petiole of exocorial vein shallower than usual in the subgenus (vein represented

by a series of punctures) 17

Petiole of exocorial vein deeply impressed 18

17. Pale spot about one-half length of corium surda sp. nov

Pale spot distinctly less than one-half length of corium repetita sp. nov.

18. Hypopygium of male seen from below with a broad shallow central emargina-

tion of the posterior edge, the disk of exposed area elevated and impunctate
on each side (Fig. 169); lateral area of metapleurum much narrowed an-
teriorly chrostowskii McAtee and Malloch.

Hypopygium of male seen from below without a distinct central emargination
of the upper rim, the entire extent of exposed area quite deeply punctate
and without noticeable lateral elevated areas; subgenital plates of female
with four or five rather short stout bristles instead of but one hair-like
bristle; lateral areas of metapleurum broader than usual.

chilocoroides sp. nov.

IMcAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 293

19. Corium brick-red, usually with a narrow fuscous suffusion along the inner
margin on apical half, rarely more extensively infuscated, and, if mostly
dark, the reflexed costal margin is always brick-red below.

brunnipennis Germar.

Corium black or fuscous, rarely with a brownish tinge at base of costa, but

never conspicuously brick-red 20

20. Females 21

Males 29

21. Genital plates on inner margins not longer, sometimes distinctly shorter, than

fifth sternite at center 22

Genital plates on inner margins distinctly longer than fifth sternite in center. 23

22. Prosternal sulcus not attaining anterior edge of fore coxal cavity, V-shaped,

quite shallow posteriorly; anterior margin of sixth abdominal sternite
moderately broadly rounded centrally and without a distinct arcuation on
each side midway between center and lateral extremity of suture.

brevis sp. nov.

Prosternal sulcus nearly, or quite, attaining anterior extremity of fore coxal
cavity, almost parallel-sided, and much deeper, the lateral ridges carried
well up to posterior extremity of sulcus; anterior margin of sixth abdominal
sternite angulate in center and usually with a distinct arcuation or sub-
angulation on each side about midway between center and lateral ex-
tremity nitiduloides "Wolff.

23. Genital plates not over one and a half as long as fifth abdominal sternite at

center 24

Genital plates distinctly over one and a half as long as fifth abdominal sternite
at center 27

24. Genital plates less than one and a half as long as fifth sternite, and not half as

long as sixth at center, the latter narrowly rounded or subangulate in center
of anterior margin; scutellum alutaceous on entire surface, appearing satiny,
the punctures small and deep, and the apex rather densely rastrate; vertex

rather sparsely and shallowly punctate alutacea sp. nov.

Genital plates almost or quite one and a half as long as fifth sternite and over
half as long as sixth at middle, the latter broadly and evenly rounded on
anterior margin; scutellum not alutaceous; vertex with deep continguous
punctures 26

25. Length 4 mm. or more; scutellum dull, crowded punctate, more or less rugose

and rastrate peripherally; inesocorium punctate posteriorly.

anomala sp. nov.

Length 3.5 mm.; scutellum polished, only moderately punctate; mesocorium
impunctate posteriorly eas sp. nov.

26. Genital plates two-thirds or more than two-thirds as long as sixth sternite,

the latter narrowly rounded or subangulate anteriorly 27

Genital plates one-half or a little more than one-half as long as sixth sternite,
the latter more broadly rounded anteriorly 28

294

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

27. Length 5 mm.; sixth sternite distinctly longer than the fourth and fifth to-

gether on median line juno sp. nov.

Length 3.5 mm.; sixth sternite but little longer than the fourth and fifth to-
gether on median line fossula sp. nov.

28. Sixth sternite very broadly rounded in center of anterior margin; fourth and

fifth sternites of about the same width medially for an appreciable propor-
tion of their extent akarna sp. nov.

Sixth sternite moderately broadly rounded in center of anterior margin;
fourth and fifth sternites most constricted at middle, not of nearly uniform
width over a median moiety boliviana sp. nov.

29. Small species, 3.5 mm. in length parvula Horvath.

Larger species, 4 mm. or over in length 30

30. Vertex with rather large deep punctures, which are contiguous on anterior

half or more, and there give it the appearance of being reticulate; hypo-
pygium with or without a slight central emargination of the hind margin.

nitiduloides Wolff.

Vertex with smaller, shallower, and more widely separated punctures which
are not contiguous anteriorly 31

31. Hypopygium low convex on hind margin; scutellum microscopically aluta-

ceotis, appearing satiny under a lens alutacea sp. nov.

Hypopygium more or less concave on the hind margin; scutellum not so

f

noticeably alutaceous, more distinctly shining 32

32. Dorsal rim of hypopygium with a raised line on outer portion of anterior rim

(Fig. 172), declivate interiorly boliviana sp. nov.

Dorsal rim of hypopygium nearly flat anteriorly akarna sp. nov.

Systematic Arrangement of Species.

Head produced less than twice the length of eye beyond anterior
transocular line.

Prosternal sulcus reaching fore coxae.

Prosternal sulcus deep posteriorly:

nitiduloides, eas, anomala.

Prosternal sulcus shallow posteriorly.

Corium pale or with pale marking:

terminalis, chrostowskii, chilocoroides, repetita, surda.
Corium entirely or almost entirely dark:

boliviana, akarna, juno, fossula, alutacea, parvula.
Prosternal sulcus not definitely reaching fore coxae.

coccinelloides, marginicollis, brunnipennis, brevis.

Head produced at least twice the length of eye beyond anterior
transocular line.

oculata, semilimbata, marginalis, caracasana, grenadensis,
stramineipennis, microphthalma, inornata.

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 295

95. Galgupha (Nothocoris) akarna sp. nov.

Black, sometimes with aeneous reflections, more shining than in
alutacea; tarsi, beak, and antennae, testaceous; beak apically, apical
two segments, sometimes all of the antennae more or less infuscated.

Form more decidedly narrowed posteriorly than in related species;
head produced about length of eye beyond anterior transocular line,
front margin truncate medially, slightly sinuate between truncation
and eye; vertex depressed subapically, closely and somewhat rastrate-
punctate and alutaceous, except on tylus posteriorly and occipital
strip; pronotum nearly impunctate on anterior disk, with numerous
deep round punctures antero-laterally, and with more or less rastrate
punctures in transverse impression, especially the extremities, be-
coming finer or obsolete posteriorly; scutellum alutaceous, copiously
punctate, except on anterior disk, which is nearly smooth, punctures
nearly round in antero-lateral angles, more or less rastrate elsewhere,
most decidedly so on posterior declivity; mesocorium and veins punc-
tate; sternites moderately punctate laterally, smoother, even polished
medially; sixth sternite of male subangulate anteriorly, nearly as long
as all of the preceding sternites together, all of which are moderately
constricted medially; ventral exposure of hypopygium, punctate,
transversely channeled, hind margin distinctly reflexed, low concave
medially, low convex laterally, dorsal rim punctate, broadest laterally,
nearly flat anteriorly, moderately sloping laterally; sixth sternite of
female about as long as preceding three sternites together, each of
which is distinctly constricted medially; genital plates sparsely punc-
tate, half as long as sixth sternite, equal in length to postventer, one
and one-half times as broad as long, the inner margins somewhat
elevated, the inner angles slightly produced, the posteror margin
nearly straight. Length 3. 8-4. 2 mm.

Holotype male, Argentina, K. Schuel, 1910 (Vienna Museum);
allotype female. Province of Salta, Argentina, August i, 1897, S.
Venturi (labelled Thyreocoris pampeanus Berg) (Argentine Museum);
paratypes: Argentine, Jensen-Haarup (Helsingfors Museum); Sierra
de Cordoba, Capello del Monte, 2000 m., 1888, J. Frenzel (Berlin
Museum); same locality, Hosseus (Munich Museum).

96. Galgupha (Nothocoris) alutacea sp. nov.

Dull black; tarsi, antennae, and beak testaceous. Head produced
more than length of eye beyond anterior transocular line, rounded
anteriorly, truncate or subemarginate medially; vertex with sub-
obsolete punctures, least marked posteriorly; pronotum with coarse
punctures laterally, and no more than slight traces discally; scutellum
punctate or rastrate everywhere, except on anterior disk, the sculptur-
ing of posterior declivity decidedly rastrate, obliterating puncturing;
hind tibia as in Fig. 173; sternites copiously punctate, somewhat

296

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

smoother medially; sixth in male angulate anteriorly, fifth and fourth
however, only slightly shortened; ventral exposure of hypopygium
punctate, posterior margin slightly reflexed, low convex (almost
straight) in outline as viewed from below; dorsal rim fairly broad
anteriorly twice as broad at lateral angles, almost flat, punctate,
central depression of only moderate size, posterior wall thin at top,
moderately sloping within; sixth sternite of female subangulate
anteriorly, fifth and fourth slightly constricted medially; genital plates
punctate, about twice as broad as long, posterior margin transverse
in position and slightly concave, plates less than half as long as sixth
sternite, equal to postventer. Length 4.25-5 mm.

Holotype male and allotype female, Chapada, Brazil, May; para-
types same locality. May, June (Carnegie Museum; American Mu-
seum of Natural History).

97. Galgupha (Nothocoris) anomala sp. nov.

Castaneous to black, paler on posterior half of pronotum and
peripherally; tarsi, beak, and antennse, stramineous. One para type is
chiefly ochreous; and probably is not fully colored.

Head produced about length of eye beyond anterior transocular
line, vertex distinctly reflex-margined, subtruncate medially, slightly
sinuate antero-laterally, contiguously deep punctate, except postero-
medially, where the punctures are sparse and shallower; pronotum
copiously punctate everywhere, except callosities, lateral punctures
coarse and subcontiguous, those in transverse impression rastrate;
scutellum copiously punctate even on anterior disk, punctures over
most of its surface rastrate; mesocorium and veins punctate; sternites
copiously punctate, smoother medially; sixth sternite of male sub-
angulate anteriorly, preceding sternites, however, but little con-
stricted medially; ventral exposure of hypopygium ample, punctate,
hind margin slightly reflexed almost evenly convex; dorsal rim punc-
tate, not greatly wider laterally than anteriorly, anterior portion some-
what depressed, lateral slightly tumid, posterior rather broad moder-
ately declivitous; sixth sternite of female broadly rounded, but in some
specimens showing traces of median and sublateral angulations;
genital plates copiously punctate two-thirds as long as sixth sternite,
longer than either fifth sternite or postventer, inner margins slightly
elevated, posterior nearly straight. Length 4-4.5 mm.

Holotype female, Colorado, Riley Collection, allotype male, Colorado,
No. 1565 Baker Collection; paratypes, females, Colorado, Nos. 1563,
1636, Baker Collection (U. S. N. M.).

98. Galgupha (Nothocoris) boliviana sp. nov.

Black, usually somewhat aeneous, shining; tarsi, beak, and antennse
testaceous, the last two organs more or less infuscated distally.

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 297

Head produced less than length of eye beyond anterior transocular
line; front margin almost evenly convex from eye to eye, sometimes a
little truncate or emarginate medially; vertex coarsely punctate, ex-
cept on tylus posteriorly and on narrow occipital margin; pronotum
coarsely punctate laterally, obsoletely punctate elsewhere; scutellum
copiously punctate, except on anterior disk, posterior margin some-
times slightly crinkled and declivity with obscure transverse wrinkles;
mesocorium and veins punctate; sternites copiously punctate, smoother
medially; sixth sternite of male subangulate anteriorly, nearly as long
as preceding sternites together, all of which are shorter medially than
laterally; ventral exposure of male hypopygium large, punctate, pos-
terior margin distinctly reflexed, broadly and shallowly concave medi-
ally, rounded off laterally with a short fringe of pale hairs; dorsal
rim rather flat, anterior wall but little above level of central disk,
lateral angles slightly tumid, posterior wall thin, gently sloping within
(Fig. 171) ; sixth sternite of female rounded anteriorly, fifth and fourth
decidedly, the others less, constricted medially; sixth a little angulate
projecting at middle posteriorly; genital plates punctate, less than half
as long as sixth sternite, equal to postventer, broader than long, inner
margins distinctly elevated posteriorly, hind margin slightly concave,
but almost transverse in position. Length 4-4.5 mm.

Holotype male and allotype female. Province del Sara, Bolivia,
Steinbach, February, 1913 (Carnegie Museum); paratypes, Santa
Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia, 450 m., November, 1910, J. Steinbach;
Chapada, Brazil, November (Carnegie Museum); Bolivia (Argentine
Museum); Province del Sara, Bolivia, J. Steinbach (Berlin Museum);
Bahia, Brazil, A. David (Paris Museum); Buenavista, 450 meters,
Santa Cruz, Bolivia, H. Taeuber (Munich Museum).

99. Galgupha (Nothocoris) brevis sp. nov.

Black, shining, corium and peripheral parts of scutellum reddish-
tinged; tarsi and antennae testaceous.

Head produced a little more than length of eye beyond anterior
transocular line; jugae arcuate anteriorly, projecting a little beyond
tylus and nearly enclosing its apex, the anterior margin of vertex,
therefore, a little re-entrant medianly; vertex moderately to coarsely
punctate, except posteriorly; pronotum coarsely round-punctate
laterally, decidedly rastrate about extremities of transverse impres-
sion, and obsoletely rastrate or punctate elsewhere; scutellum copi-
ously punctate, except on anterior disk, declivity decidedly rastrate,
intervening surface on peripheral portions of scutellum somewhat
alutaceous; mesocorium and veins punctate; sternites moderately
punctate, smoothish medially; sixth rounded anteriorly, a little pro-
duced in middle posteriorly, shorter than the preceding three sternites

298

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

together, fourth and fifth only slightly constricted medially; genital
plates coarsely punctate, decidedly shorter on inner margin than either
fourth and fifth sternite at middle, and less than half as long as sixth
sternite; inner margin slightly elevated, only half as long as posterior,
the latter transverse, very slightly concave. Length 4.5 mm.

Holotype female, Chapada, Brazil, October (Carnegie Museum).

100. Galgupha (Nothocoris) brunnipennis Germar.

0[donios cells] brunnipennis Germar, E. F., Zeitschr. f. Ent., I, 1839, pp. 38-39

[Brazil].

Black, shining; eyes reddish; tarsi, beak, and antennae, testaceous,
the latter two appendages more or less infuscated distally.

Head produced more than length of eye beyond anterior transocular
line, front margin narrowly rounded, subtruncate medially; vertex
moderately punctate, except posteriorly, there obsoletely punctate;
pronotum coarsely punctate laterally, more or less rastrate in trans-
verse impression, obsoletely punctate elsewhere; scutellum copiously
punctate, except on anterior disk, conspicuously rastrate on posterior
declivity; mesocorium and veins punctate; sternites copiously punc-
tate, smoother medially, sixth anteriorly subangulate in male, nar-
rowly rounded in female, fifth and fourth both shorter medially than
laterally, but not decidedly constricted; ventral exposure of hypo-
pygium coarsely punctate, as long as fourth and fifth sternites to-
gether, nearly a semi-circle in shape, hind margin slightly reflexed, a
little emarginate medianly, dorsal rim rather flat, twice as broad
laterally as anteriorly, transition to central basin very gradual an-
teriorly, more steeply sloping posteriorly, and abruptly declivate
laterally; genital plates of female coarsely punctate, less than half as
long as sixth sternite, about equal in length to postventer; inner edge
about a third shorter than posterior, inner posterior angles but little
less than a right angle, hind margin nearly transverse in position, but
slightly concave; subgenital plates pyriform, large, having more than
half as great an area as the genital plates. Length 4.8-5. 2 mm.

There is a series of three females and two males in the Berlin Mu-
seum, from Salto Grande (Sellow), which are authentic, if not the
original material representing this species. Other specimens seen
during the progress of our study are from Chapada, Brazil, throughout
the year (Carnegie Museum); same date (A. M. N. H.); one specimen
without locality (Argentine Museum); Paraguay, Breddin Collec-
tion (Deutsches Ent. Inst.); Paraguay, Fiebrig (Berlin Museum);
Matto Grosso, Brazil, De Castelnau; Paraguay, Gosset, 1900; East
Cape Mines; Campos Geraes, Brazil (Paris Museum); Paraguay, H.
Taeuber (Munich Museum).

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 299

loi. Galgupha (Nothocoris) caracasana sp. nov.

Dull black; corium except for a mark along cubitus posteriorly, and
periphery of scutellum between these markings at its widest, wider
than corium, yellowish; punctures on these pale areas mostly fuscous;
lateral spots on sternites five and six in both sexes and ventral
exposure of ultimate tergite of female, yellowish; tarsi, antennae, and
beak, testaceous.

Anterior margin of head truncate and slightly emarginate medially;
puncturing of dorsal surface as in marginalis] venter rather sparsely
punctured, except laterally, broadly smoother medially; sixth sternite
subangulate in both sexes; ventral exposure of hypopygium sparsely
punctate, hind margin slightly reflexed; dorsal rim much as in margi-
nalis\ genital plates of female faintly punctate, more than half as long
as sixth sternite, slightly longer than postventer, inner margins
slightly elevated posteriorly. Length 3-3.1 mm.

Holotype male and allotype female, Caracas, Venezuela, May-June,
1877, O. Thieme (British Museum).

102. Galgupha (Nothocoris) chilocoroides Walker.

Corimelana chilocoroides Walker, Francis, Catalogue, i, 1867, p. 79 [Brazil].

Black, with seneous, or in some cases with purplish reflections, corial
patch nearly one-half the length of corium, yellowish to reddish;
abdomen without lateral pale spots, but sometimes faintly reddish
submarginally ; tarsi, beak, and antennae, testaceous.

Outline as in Fig. i ; head produced more than length of eye beyond
anterior transocular line, vertex narrowly rounded anteriorly, coarsely
punctate, except on tylus posteriorly and occipital strip, where nearly
impunctate; pronotum coarsely punctate, antero-laterally, somewhat
rastrate in extremities of transverse impression, nearly impunctate
elsewhere; scutellum moderately punctate peripherally, nearly smooth
on anterior disk, sometimes rastrate on declivity; mesocorium and
veins punctate; sternites moderately punctate, smoother medially;
sixth sternite of male angulate anteriorly, fifth and fourth not greatly
constricted, however; ventral exposure of hypopygium with a few
coarse punctures, hind margin distinctly reflexed, slightly concave
medianly, dorsal rim broad, nearly flat laterally and anteriorly, hind
wall more steeply declivate; sixth sternite of female narrowly rounded
to subangulate anteriorly, whole genital region rather protruding,
genital plates nearly half as long as sixth sternite and about equal to
postventer, moderately punctate, tumid, twice as wide as long, inner
margins elevated, and inner posterior angles slightly produced,
subgenital plates as described in key (Fig. 175). Length 3.2-4 mm.

Holotype male and allotype female, Constancia, Rio Janeiro, Janu-
ary, 1857, H. Clark (British Museum); other specimens from Bonito,

300

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Pernambuco Province, Brazil, January, February, 1883 (U. S. N. M.);
Chapada, Brazil, April (Carnegie Museum); Minas Geraes, Drenis
(?); Petropolis, Brazil, Ohaus (Stettin Museum); Guiana, Leprieur;
Bahia, Brazil, A. David; Goyaz, Brazil, Castelnau; Minas Geraes,
Brazil, 2100 meters, E. R. Wagner, 1902; Boura, French Guiana,
March, 1909, A. Bonhoure; Cayenne, R. Benoist, September, October,
1914; Mexico, Collection Signoret (Paris Museum).

103. Galgupha (Nothocoris) chrostowskii McAtee and Malloch.

Galgupha (Nothocoris) chrostowskii McAtee, W. L. and Malloch, J. R., Ann. Mus.

Z06I. Poland, VII, 1928, p. 41 [Brazil].

The holotype, evidently not fully colored, is castaneous above and
fuliginous below; the basal third of corium (excluding clavus) yellow-
ish; tarsi, beak, and antennae slightly paler than legs and undersurface.

Head broadly rounded and notably deflected anteriorly, produced
about length of eye in front of anterior transocular line, vertex moder-
ately punctate; pronotum and scutellum with rather coarse punctures
laterally, and finer subobsolete punctures discally; mesocorium and
the elytral veins punctate, clavus smooth; prosternal sulcus of a flaring
type, shallowing posteriorly just reaching anterior coxae; lateral area
of metapleurum, narrow anteriorly, distinctly punctate interiorly;
sternites moderately coarse-punctate, smoother medially; sixth sternite
subangulate anteriorly (Fig. 174), fifth and fourth moderately con-
stricted medially; ventral exposure of hypopygium large, moderately
inflated medially at base and discally toward each end, punctate on
middle third, hind margin slightly reflexed, emarginate over about
half its width, bottom of emargination nearly straight (Fig. 169),
convex each side of median emargination. Length 4 mm.

Holotype male, Rio Claro, Serra da Esperanza, Parana, Brazil,
Feb. 4, 1922 (Polish Museum).

104. Galgupha (Nothocoris) coccinelloides Horvath.

Galgupha coccinelloides Horvath, G., Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., XVII, 1919, p. 217

[Sao Paulo, Brazil].

Black, highly polished, with color markings as described in key
(Fig. 177); black portions of upper surface sometimes with purplish
reflections; connexivum red above; basal three segments of antennae
testaceous, the apical two more or less infuscated, beak also infuscated
apically; front margin of head near middle, and sometimes spots near
coxae and on metapleura, reddish.

Head produced less than length of eye beyond anterior transocular
line, vertex more or less truncate, or even slightly emarginate an-

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 301

teriorly, with numerous moderate-sized punctures, except on posterior
disk; pronotum coarsely punctate laterally, punctures more or less
evident in a transverse band behind middle, remaining surface nearly
smooth; scutellum with deep punctures near antero-lateral angles,
moderately punctate elsewhere, except for the anterior disk; venter
rather coarsely punctate, somewhat smoother medianly; sixth sternite
subangulate anteriorly in male, narrowly rounded in female, fifth
sternite notably, others less, constricted medially; ventral exposure
of male hypopygium coarsely punctate, slightly channeled trans-
versely, the hind margin roundingly carinate, slightly concave medi-
anly; dorsal rim strongly punctate and hirsute, rather flat, narrow
anteriorly and posteriorly, broader laterally, posterior margin some-
what depressed medianly, inner basin nearly circular; genital plates of
female punctate, less than half as long as sixth sternite, shorter on
inner than on posterior margin, the latter concave, inner margins dis-
tinctly elevated, and inner posterior angles somewhat produced.
Length 4.5-5 mm.

Specimens examined include the holotype male, Sao Paulo, Brazil
(Budapest Museum), and others from Chapada, Brazil, April, October
(Carnegie Museum), March (A. M. N. H.); Foz do Iguassu, March
19, 1923; Pinheirinhos, Parana, Brazil, April 18, 1923 (Polish Museum);
Bolivia (Argentine Museum); San Ignacio, Misiones, Argentina,
Wagner (Helsingfors Museum); Paraguay; Cayenne, Noualhier, 1898;
San Ignacio, Misiones, Argentina, 1911, E. R. Wagner (Paris Museum).

Nymphs in the last instar are even more highly colored than the
adults, but easily recognizable as of this species; the pronotum is
vermilion with narrow margins, a complete longitudinal, and an in-
complete transverse fascia black; the scutellum is black with two large
red spots on disk; the sternites and tergites have long black markings
on middle and squarish black blotches laterally.

105. Galgupha (Nothocoris) eas sp. nov.

Black with aeneous reflections, corium somewhat rubiginous; un-
derside and legs castaneous, tarsi, beak, and antennae, testaceous.

Head produced about length of eye beyond anterior transocular line,
front margin narrowly rounded, subtruncate medially, vertex coarsely,
almost contiguously punctate, except in middle posteriorly where
nearly smooth; pronotum more or less punctate everywhere, except on
callosities, punctures coarsest antero-laterally, finer discally, more or
less rastrate on posterior half; scutellum punctate throughout, coarser
laterally, finer discally; mesocorium and veins punctate; sternites
copiously punctate in a broad band peripherally, nearly smooth dis-
cally; sixth sternite rounded anteriorly, fifth and fourth moderately
constricted medially; genital plates coarsely punctate, more than half

302

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

as long as sixth sternite, and a little longer than postventer, inner
margins slightly elevated. Length 3.5 mm.

Holotype female, San Diego, Texas, June 5, E. A. Schwarz (U. S.

N. M.).

106. Galgupha (Nothocoris) fossula sp. nov.

Black with seneous reflections; beak, antennae, and tarsi testaceous.

Head produced less than length of eye beyond anterior transocular
line; front margin truncate anteriorly, slightly sinuate between trunca-
tion and eyes; vertex with sparse coarse punctures laterally, broadly
impunctate over tylus and occipital region; pronotum with coarse
punctures antero-laterally, somewhat rastrate in extremities of trans-
verse impression, subobsoletely punctate elsewhere; scutellum smooth
on anterior disk, numerously punctate elsewhere, punctures coarsest
peripherally where the inter-punctural surface is more or less alutace-
ous; sternites with scattered coarse punctures, somewhat smoother
medially; sixth subangulate anteriorly, fifth constricted medially
to less than half its lateral length, others less conspicuously constricted;
genital plates almost equilaterally triangular, sparsely punctate,
longer than postventer, hind margins somewhat oblique; inner mar-
gins slightly elevated anteriorly, depressed posteriorly, this depression
continued and emphasized between subgenital plates. Length
3.5 mm.

Holotype female, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico, 4000 ft., June,
H. H. Smith (Paris Museum).

107. Galgupha (Nothocoris) grenadensis sp. nov.

Black, pale markings above as in marginalis", sternites four to six
and ventral exposure of ultimate tergite of female with yellowish-
margined spots; antennae and tarsi testaceous.

Anterior margin of head narrowly rounded, slightly emarginate
medially; puncturing above as in marginalis; venter coarsely punctate
laterally, smoother medially; sixth sternite longer than the preceding
two, but not the preceding three sternites together; fifth and fourth
moderately constricted medially; genital plates punctate; slightly less
than half as long as sixth sternite, about as long as postventer, inner
margins slightly elevated. Length 3.5 mm.

Holotype female, Honda, New Grenada, August-September, 1877,
Otto Thieme (British Museum).

108. Galgupha (Nothocoris) inornata sp. nov.

Black, shining, scutellum castaneous posteriorly, corium, except for
a transverse castaneous marking about middle, and narrow irregular
margin of scutellum posterior to these marks, stramineous; lateral

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin.e. 303

abdominal spots, ventral exposure of ultimate tergite of female, beak,
antennae, and tarsi, stramineous.

Head rather broadly arcuate in front of eyes, truncate medially;
vertex mostly coarsely punctate, polished from hind part of tylus to
ocelli and posteriorly; pronotal callosities polished, antero-lateral
portions coarsely round-punctate, remainder rastrate, conspicuously
so in transverse impression, fully so, elsewhere; scutellum moderately
punctate in general, smoother on anterior disk; mesocorium, sparsely,
and veins, punctate; sternites with scattered coarse, but shallow, punc-
tures, smoother medially; sixth subangulate anteriorly, nearly as long
as the preceding three sternites together, each of which is moderately
constricted medially; genital plates punctate, rather more than half as
long as sixth sternite, equalling postventer; inner two-thirds of hind
margin concave, outer third straight and oblique. Length 3.8 mm.

Holotype female. Province of Salta, Argentina, J. Steinbach (Berlin
Museum).

109. Galgupha (Nothocoris) juno sp. nov.

Dull black; appendages missing, so usual details as to color cannot
be given.

Head produced about length of eye beyond anterior transocular
line, front margin convex medially, slightly concave towards eye;
vertex coarsely punctate laterally, finely so on back of tylus, smooth
on occipital strip; pronotum coarsely punctate laterally; obsoletely
so elsewhere; scutellum copiously punctate, scarcely rastrate, smooth
on anterior disk; elytra missing; sternites numerously punctate,
smoother medially; sixth sternite about as long as the preceding three
together; genital plates more than half as long as sixth sternite, inner
margins about two-thirds as long as posterior, the latter somewhat
oblique and concave. Length 5 mm.

Holotype female. Province of Salta, Argentina, 2500 m., J. Steinbach
(Berlin Museum).

no. Galgupha (Nothocoris) marginalis sp. nov.

Bronzy black, corium, except mark along cubitus posteriorly and
margin of scutellum between apices of elytra, stramineous; punctures
on this portion dark; sixth sternite pale laterally.

Head narrowly rounded, or subtruncate anteriorly; tylus and vertex
smooth posteriorly; pronotum more or less punctate everywhere, ex-
cept on callosities, punctures coarsest laterally, more or less rastrate in
and behind transverse impression; scutellum rather closely punctate,
punctures coarsest antero-laterally, finest antero-discally, scutellum
sometimes transversely wrinkled, the punctures in the depressions

304

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

more or less rastrate; mesocorium and veins punctate; sternites
moderately punctate laterally, smooth medially; sixth angulate an-
teriorly, longer than the preceding three together, all of which are
constricted medially, the fifth most constricted; ventral exposure of
hypopygium punctate, hind margin not at all reflexed, dorsal rim
narrow anteriorly, lateral angles rather flat, interior basin large,
moderately declivate anteriorly and laterally, abruptly so posteriorly.
Length 3.1 mm.

Holotype and paratype males, Bobista (?) Colombia, T. Wieme
(Berlin Museum).

III. Galgupha (Nothocoris) marginicollis Horvath.

Galgupha marginicollis Horvath, G., Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., XVII, 1919, pp. 219-

220 [Baranquilla, Colombia].

Galgupha meinerti Jensen-Haarup, A. C., Ent. Meddel., XVI, 1926, pp. 45-46

[Venezuela].

Vertex, except anterior margin, anterior half of pronotum, and
region about basal depressions of scutellum black, other portions of
these sclerites except as hereafter specified yellow-brown in female,
reddish-brown in male; sublateral vitta on pronotum anterior to
humeral prominence, and large basal patch on corium pale yellowish,
as are also apex and most of costal margin; transverse marking on
corium (Fig. 56) varying from a squarish blotch to a broad band,
fuscous; pale lateral markings both above and below on all abdominal
segments from third to and including genital ones.

Head produced about length of eye beyond anterior transocular
line; front margin rounded anteriorly, sometimes truncate medially;
vertex coarsely punctate except posteriorly; sublateral vitta of prono-
tum impunctate, within it are numerous distinct punctures tapering
off in an interrupted transverse band, remainder of pronotal surface
with only faint punctures; scutellum copiously punctate, except on
anterior disk; mesocorium and veins punctate; venter moderately
punctate, smoothish medianly, especially on sixth sternite, the latter
angulate-produced in male, sternites three to five constricted, so that
they are distinctly shorter on median line than on lateral margin;
ventral exposure of male hypopygium ample, sparsely punctate,
scarcely channeled, hind margin slightly reflexed, almost transverse
on median two-thirds (Fig. 170); dorsal rim but little broader within
lateral angles than anteriorly, depressed anteriorly, so that there is a
broad bridge to central disk, abruptly declivate laterally, hind wall
thin, steeply inclined. Sixth sternite of female broadly rounded an-
teriorly; genital plates lightly punctate, less than half as long as sixth
sternite, about as long as postventer; moderately tumid, shorter on
inner than on posterior margin, the latter nearly straight. Length
3-3.5 mm.

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 305

Holotype female, Baranquilla, Colombia, March 1912, Josef Ujhelyi
(Budapest Museum); type material (three males) of Galgupha meinerti
Jensen-Haarup, La Moka, and Caracas, Venezuela, Fr. Meinert
(Copenhagen Museum); and other specimens from Bonda, Colombia,
June (Carnegie Museum); Colombia, Lebas, 1830 (Paris Museum);
Grenada, West Indies, Sept. 6, A. Busck (U. S. N. M.); Caracas
(Helsingfors Museum); Venezuela (Stettin Museum); Cartagena, Col-
ombia, July *1920, Rehn and Hebard (Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.); Cartagena,
Colombia, June 1905, C. Gazzo (Hamburg Museum).

1 12. Galgupha (Nothocoris) microphthalma sp. nov.

Color as in stramineipennis, except that the dark mark on corium
forms an almost complete cross-band, and the pale edging of scutellum
is much less distinct and extensive.

Puncturing of the same type as in stramineipennis, but coarser
throughout dorsum, about the same on venter; sixth sternite sub-
angulate anteriorly, fifth not quite so much constricted as fourth,
both, however, shorter at middle than at lateral margin; hypopygium
about as in stramineipennis. The type specimen has a very short
impressed line in center of anterior margin of sixth sternite, which is
similar to, but not as deep or conspicuous, as the one on fourth, fifth
and basal half of sixth sternite in stramineipennis. Possibly this
impressed line is not always present in either of these species. Length
3.2 mm.

Holotype male, Chapada, Brazil, April (Carnegie Museum).

1 13. Galgupha (Nothocoris) nitiduloides Wolff.

Cimex nitiduloides Wolff, J. F., leones Cimicum, III, 1802, p. 98, PI. 10, fig. 92a,
b. [Lancaster, Pa.].

Thyreocoris ccerulescens Stal, C., Ent. Zeit. Stettin, XXIII, 1862, p. 94 [Mexico].
C[oriinel(Bna\ cyanea Uhler, P. R., Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., II, 1863, pp. 157-158
[California].

Corimelcena cyaneonigra Walker, Francis, Catalogue, I, 1867, p. 78 [Mexico].
Galgupha violacea Jensen-Haarup, J. C., Ent. Meddel., XVI, 1926, p. 46 [Brazil],

We group under the earliest of the preceding names a complex of
forms, which we have tried to analyze on various characters, but each
time have found that, considering all intergrades, variants could not
be definitely separated. The variability of the group is well attested
by the number of names that have been used for the material we have

306

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

studied. These include nine different published and three manuscript
designations. In our opinion the best treatment for the complex is to
regard it as a variable species, the variants having a geographical
correlation being ranked as subspecies. The species is one that has
spread apparently from the tropics and in some directions has varied
directly with the distance from the central stock; the ultimate variants
are not yet, however, definitely separable as species.

The head is broad and distinctly truncate anteriorly, but varies
from slightly concave to slightly convex betv/een truncation and eye;
the puncturing of dorsal surface increases in density and in tendency
to rastration from south to north; the prosternal sulcus usually deep
and parallel-sided, is somewhat flaring anteriorly in some specimens;
the scutellum varies from smoothly curving to abruptly declivitous
posteriorly; the hind margin of male hypopygium is distinctly con-
cave in southern specimens but is less and less so in specimens from
more northern points, becoming at last convex; the anterior margin of
sixth sternite of female usually is very characteristically shaped, being
subangulate both medially and sublaterally, but in some specimens
tends to be rounded; the posterior margins of the genital plates usually
are slightly concave and more or less oblique; in northern specimens
again these become almost straight and transverse.

The forms anomala and eas treated as species seem certainly related
to the nitiduloides complex. The anterior margin of the sixth sternite,
while rounded, has traces of the sublateral angulations so characteristic
of the nitiduloides group, but the genital plates being proportionately
longer, the forms are regarded as separate species. The same tendency
is shown to increased density of puncturing in northern specimens;
anomala is the most profusely punctate form in the entire genus.

A phyletic diagram of these various forms could be sketched as

follows:

Larger

more

a?iomala

Densely

punctate

Smaller

nitiduloides

texensis

punctate

Moderately

punctate

less

eas

Slightly

punctate

Sixth sternite

rounded

anteriorly

ccerulescens
Sixth sternite
trisinuate
anteriorly

punctate

Basal Stock

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 307

Key to the Subspecies.

1. Less numerously punctate; postero-median part of vertex, disk of pronotum,

and anterior disk of scutellum, indistinctly, if at all, punctate; punctures
rastrate, if at all, only in transverse impression of pronotum; hind margin
of male hypopygium varying from distinctly to shallowly concave medi-
ally 2

More numerously punctate; the areas mentioned with more distinct, sometimes
well-marked punctures; punctures on posterior half of pronotum and some-
times elsewhere, more or less rastrate; hind margin of male hypopygium
varying from slightly concave to convex; hind margins of genital plates of
female transverse or nearly so nitiduloides Wolff.

2. Hind margin of male hypopygium usually distinctly concave; genital plates of

female usually as long as or longer than postventer; their hind margins more
or less oblique and concave; color usually metallic bluish; range from Texas

to California and southward caerulescens Stal.

Hind margin of male hypopygium only slightly concave; genital plates of
female usually shorter than postventer, their hind margins more nearly
straight and transverse; color usually black; known range Texas and Missis-
sippi texensis new subspecies.

113a. Galgupha (Nothocoris) nitiduloides subsp. caerulescens Stal.

Bibliographic reference as under the species.

Black, usually with distinct metallic bluish reflections from most of
the dorsal surface; tarsi, beak, and antennae testaceous, the latter two
organs more or less infuscated distally.

Head produced about length of eye beyond anterior transocular
line, front margin more or less broadly truncate medially, varying from
slightly concave to slightly convex between truncation and eye;
vertex coarsely, but shallowly, punctate, except on tylus posteriorly
and occipital strip, where puncturing is only faintly indicated; pro-
notum coarsely, but shallowly, punctate antero-laterally, with only
faint puncturing elsewhere; scutellum numerously punctate peripher-
ally, nearly smooth discally; mesocorium and veins punctate, sternites
numerously punctate, sometimes but little smoother medially; sixth
sternite in both sexes subangulate antero-medially, usually also
sublaterally, preceding sternites scarcely constricted medially; ventral
exposure of male hypopygium punctate, hind margin distinctly re-
flexed, varying from broadly and deeply to narrowly and shallowly
concave, a fringe of pale hairs from dorsal surface visible in the con-
cavity; dorsal rim (Fig. 171); flat anteriorly, broad all around, most
so at lateral angles, hind wall more or less depressed and declivate,
corresponding to the degree of emargination; internal genitalia of male
as in Figs, ig-20; genital plates of female punctate, more than half as
long as sixth sternite, as long as or longer than postventer, hind
margins more or less oblique and concave. Length 4-5.8 mm.

308

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Holotype male and allotype female, Mexico, Salle (Stockholm Mu-
seum); holotype male and allotype female of cyaneonigra Walker, Mt.
Orizaba, Mexico, Salle (British Museum); holotype female of violacea
Jensen-Haarup, Brazil^ (Copenhagen Museum); type of Corimelcena
cyanea Uhler, California, Horn, and other specimens from Cacao
Trece Aguas, Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala, March 24, April 2, ii, 22,
1906, E. A. Schwarz and H. S. Barber; October, 1905, G. P. Goll;
Secanquin, Guatemala, April i, 12, 1905, cotton fields, A. McLachlen;
Mexico, Signoret Collection; Orizaba, Mexico, Lower California,
Uhler Collection; Colima Volcano, Mexico, L. Conrad; District
Federal, Mexico, L. Conrad ; Tepic, Mexico, Uhler Collection; Tlalpam,
Mexico, July 15, R. H. Hay; Orizaba, Mexico, September, 1923,
E. G. Smyth; Durango, Mexico, Nov. 26, E. A. Schwarz; others
labelled Mexico only; Victoria, Texas, May 3, 1907, J. D. Mitchell;
Beeville, Texas, October 10, E. A. Schwarz; Arizona, C. U. Lot No.
34, also Uhler 1874; Huachucha Mts., Arizona; Catalina Mts., Ari-
zona; Santa Rita Mts., Arizona, May 20; California, Horn (U. S.
N. M.); Mexico (A. M. N. H.); Morelia, Mexico (Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.);
Huejotitan, Jalisco, 1700 meters, 1913; Guadlajara, Jalisco, 1914,
L. Diguet; Mexico, Salle; Guanajuato, Duges, 1889 (Paris Museum);
Orizaba, Alexico, February, 1883, and other Mexican specimens,
Bilimek (Vienna Museum); Colima; La Borca, Jalisco; District
Federal; Coatepec, Vera Cruz; Mexico (Mex. Dept. Agr.) ; Mazatlan,
Mexico, Sept. 23, 1909, R. Paessler; South Mexico, C. Hoge (Ham-
burg Museum); Calderas, Guatemala, G. C. Champion (British
Museum); Durango City, Mexico (Deutsches Ent. Inst.); Mexico;
Nogales, Arizona, July 15, 1903, Oslar; Durango, Mexico, H. F.
Wickham; Huachucha Mts., Arizona, July 20, 1905, H. G. Barber
(Barber); San Juan, Teotlhuacan, Mexico, Aug. 17, 1926 (Stettin
Museum); Colima Volcano, Mexico, J. Laue; Turrialba. Costa Rica,
H. Taeuber (Munich Museum).

113b. Galgupha (Nothocoris) nitiduloides subsp. texensis subsp. nov.

Distinguished as noted in key; the bluish reflections tend to dis-
appear, and the insect to be shining blackish or even slightly aeneous;
the puncturing is somewhat more pronounced; and the dorsal rim
of male hypopygium in conformity with the lesser emargination of
hind margin is more completely flat. Length 4-5 mm.

*This locality may be erroneous.

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 309

Holotype male and allotype female, Dallas, Texas, June 17, 1912,
in cotton field, A. Rutherford; paratypes, Dallas, Texas, Bay City,
Texas, July 21, 1917, W. D. Pierce; Brownsville, Texas, March 2,
1895, C. H. T. Townsend; June, C. F. Wickham; Calvert, Texas,
July 25, S. Goes; Tivoli, Texas, Sept, ii, 1908, on sugar cane, J. D.
Mitchell; Victoria, Texas, May 28, 1910, J. D. Mitchell; Oct. 10,
1902; Austin, Texas, 1903, A. W. Morrill; Mexia, Texas, July 15,
1905, S. Goes; Corpus Christi, Texas, March 18, 1908, Jones and
Pratt; Aug. 5, E. A. Schwarz; Farmerville, Texas, on Helenium,
F. C. Bishopp; Texas, Uhler Collection; Sharpsburg, Texas, May 9,
E. A. Schwarz; Dorsey, Mississippi, Aug. 16, 1916, on cotton, W. D.
Pierce (U. S. N. M.); a specimen with flaring prosternal sulcus, and
only 3.5 mm. long, not made a paratype, San Diego, Texas, May 6,
Uhler Collection (U. S. N. M.).

113c. Galgupha (Nothocoris) nitiduloides subsp. nitiduloides Wolff.

Bibliographic reference same as for the species.

Distinguished as noted in key; a decidedly punctate form, without
bluish, but usually with aeneous reflections. Length 4-5 mm.

Holotype male, labelled “Lancaster, M., Sturm Collection” (Munich
Museum); other specimens from: Colorado, Baker Collection; Oracle,
Arizona, July 4; Montana, Missouri, Uhler Collection; Oregon, Horn;
Illinois, Uhler Collection; Idaho, Kansas, Indiana, Michigan, Massa-
chusetts, Connecticut, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, District of Col-
umbia, and North Carolina (U. S. N. M.); Colorado Springs, Colo-
rado, August, Jack; Crawford Co., Iowa (M. C. Z.); Buena Vista,
Colorado, 8000 ft., July 1896, H. F. Wickham; Cold Spring Harbour,
N. Y., Aug. 5, 1902 (H. G. Barber); Ames, Iowa; St. Paul, Minnesota,
June 28, 1921, Arthur Hertig; Trail Co., N. Dakota, Aug. 4, 1923,
A. A. Nichol; Three Forks, Montana, Aug. 14, 1914 (H. H. Knight);
Crown City, Gallia Co., Ohio, Aug. 23, 1915, C. J. Drake (Iowa State
College); Iowa City, Iowa, Oct. 29, 1915, L. L. Buchanan; Boulder,
Colorado, June 27, 1922, L. O. Jackson (McAtee); Colorado Springs,
Colorado, August, Jack; Crawford Co., Iowa (M. C. Z.).

1 14. Galgupha (Nothocoris) oculata sp. nov.

Dull or shining black, corium, except for a marking along cubitus
posteriorly, discal spots (as described in key) and U-shaped marking
on posterior margin of scutellum, stramineous. This marking lies

310

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

between tips of elytra and its anterior ends are more or less expanded.
Sixth sternite of male, sixth and sometimes fifth sternites, and ventral
exposure of ultimate tergite of female yellowish; tarsi and antennae
stramineous; beak testaceous.

Anterior margin of head truncate, slightly emarginate medially,
slightly sinuate between truncation and eye; tylus and vertex smooth
posteriorly; pronotum coarsely punctate laterally, finely elsewhere,
punctures in transverse impression more or less rastrate; scutellum
with punctures almost evenly distributed throughout, coarsest within
antero-lateral angles, finest on anterior disk; mesocorium and veins
punctate; venter with scattered coarse punctures laterally, broadly
smoother medially; sixth sternite of male subangulate anteriorly,
longer than preceding three sternites together, all of which are con-
stricted medially, fifth nearly to half its lateral length; ventral ex-
posure of hypopygium, ample, punctate; dorsal rim punctate, of
moderate width anteriorly, narrower between there and lateral angles,
which are the widest portions, abruptly declivate anteriorly and pos-
teriorly, moderately so within lateral angles; sixth sternite of female
subangulate anteriorly, not so long as the preceding three sternites
together, each of which is moderately constricted medially; genital
plates punctate, less than half as long as sixth sternite, a little longer
than postventer, inner posterior angles slightly elevated. Length
2.75-3 mm.

Holotype male, Paraguay, May, Fiebrig (Berlin Museum); allotype
and paratype females, San Bernardino, Paraguay, Fiebrig; paratype
male, San Luis, Paraguay, Reimoser (Vienna Museum).

1 15. Galgupha (Nothocoris) parvula Horvath.

Galgupha parvula Horvath, G., Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., XVII, 1919, pp. 218-219

[Peru].

Shining black; tarsi, beak, and antennae testaceous.

Sides somewhat more arcuate than in Galgupha {Pteronomos)
oblonga; vertex produced in front of transocular line about one and one-
half times length of eye, narrowly rounded anteriorly, densely punc-
tate except on occipital strip; pronotum coarsely punctate laterally,
subobsoletely so elsewhere; scutellum copiously punctate except on
on anterior disk, which has a few fine punctures and some transverse
wrinkles; sternites moderately punctate, a little smoother medially,
the sixth subangulate anteriorly, the fifth and fourth slightly con-
stricted medially; ventral exposure of male hypopygium copiously
punctate, the hind margin conspicuously reflexed, almost evenly
convex as seen from below, dorsal rim about twice as wide anteriorly
as posteriorly, the lateral angles a little wider, a slight median de-
pression in both anterior and posterior parts of rim; rim abruptly and
deeply excavated, without long hairs. Length 3.5 mm.

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 311

Holotype male, Lake Titicaca, Peru (Budapest Museum).

Discovery of characters for subgenera unknown to us when the work
in Budapest was done now make us uncertain of the subgeneric as-
signment of parvula. It may possibly belong to the segregate herein
described as Pleronomos.

ii6. Galgupha (Nothocoris) repetita sp. nov.

Black with aeneous reflections, corial patch yellowish, grading
through brownish into the bordering areas of the ground-color; margin
of center dull reddish; tarsi, beak, and antennae testaceous.

Head produced about length of eye beyond anterior transocular
line; front margin truncate medially, low convex from truncation to
eye; vertex numerously punctate, except posteriorly, where nearly
smooth; pronotum coarsely punctate antero-laterally, with only traces
of puncturing elsewhere, most evident in the transverse impression;
scutellum wrinkled transversely, numerously punctate, except on
anterior disk, which is almost impunctate; mesocorium and veins
punctate; sternites numerously punctate, smoother medially, sixth
angulate anteriorly as long as the preceding three sternites together,
each of which is slightly constricted medially; ventral exposure of
hypopygium punctate, hind margin reflexed, almost straight on median
three-fourths, rounded off laterally; dorsal rim nearly flat, but little
wider laterally than elsewhere, hind wall only moderately sloping.
Length 4 mm.

Holotype male, Casanova, Sellow (Berlin Museum).

Possibly repetita and surda are the sexes of one species.

117. Galgupha (Nothocoris) semilimbata Horvath.

Galgupha semilimbata Horvath, G., Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., XVII, 1919, p. 219

[Paraguay],

The following descriptive notes were made from the type material:

Fusco-castaneous, head darkest; corium stramineous except for a
short, faint, castaneous mark from middle posteriorly along inner
margin; scutellum with large lateral pale areas connected around
posterior margin; antennae chiefly pale.

Vertex coarsely, almost confluently, punctate, tylus wrinkled,
occiput smooth; pronotum coarsely punctate laterally, subobsoletely
punctate on anterior half, finely rastrate on posterior half; scutellum
copiously punctate, the punctures on anterior half, especially near
basal angles, semi-rastrate, the surrounding surface more or less
alutaceous, punctures large and round apically; characters of venter,
including those of male genitalia, scarcely distinguishable from those
of micro phthalma. Venter of female copiously punctate, sixth sternite
smoother, subangulate anteriorly, about as long as the preceding three

312

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

sternites together; fifth decidedly, and fourth slightly constricted
medially; genital plates punctate, hind margin nearly straight and
transverse, about one and one-half times as long as inner margin.
Length 3.25-3.45 mm.

To the above account may be added the characters cited in key and
the following notes from material subsequently examined: Front
margin of head narrowly rounded, sometimes slightly truncate or
emarginate medially; punctures on pale parts of scutellum fuscous;
genital plates about half as long as sixth sternite varying from slightly
less than to about equal to, length of postventer.

Holotype male, Asuncion, Paraguay, Oct. 16, 1904; allotype female.
Villa Morra, Asuncion, Paraguay, Arpad Vezenyi (Budapest Museum) ;
other specimens from San Bernardino, Paraguay, Fiebrig (Vienna
Museum); Corumba, Matto Grosso, Brazil (Barber).

1 18. Galgupha (Nothocoris) stramineipennis sp. nov.

General color above reddish-brown, head, except narrow front
margin and basal depressions of scutellum, blackish; corium stramine-
ous, except for a fuscous patch along inner side at middle; scutellum
narrowly stramineous-margined between corial apices; lateral spots
on sternites three to six, and connexivum above pale yellow.

Apex of head rounded, slightly upturned, vertex coarsely and numer-
ously punctate except on area across occiput of such an extent as to
barely enclose the ocelli; pronotum punctate everywhere, except on
callosities, coarsely and deeply so laterally, with finer rastrate punc-
tures in transverse impression, anterior and posterior disk with fairly
numerous lightly impressed round punctures; scutellum copiously
punctate everywhere but on the transversely wrinkled anterior disk,
punctures coarsest within antero-lateral angles; sternites moderately
punctate, smoothish medianly, especially the sixth; sixth sternite
angulate anteriorly, fifth about one-half as long at middle as on lateral
margin, fourth not so much constricted; ventral exposure of male
hypopygium ample, wrinkled and punctate, slightly transversely
channeled, hind margin almost evenly convex; dorsal rim essentially
flat, narrow posteriorly, twice as broad anteriorly, and broadest within
lateral angles, basin transversely elliptical, abruptly declivitous pos-
teriorly, more gradually so elsewhere. A peculiar character in the type
specimen consists of a quite deep longitudinal impressed line on the
central apical portions of sternites four and five, and on almost the
basal half of sternite six. This may be merely an individual varia-
tion or aberration, which is less prominent in the type of microphthalma,
but without a series of specimens of the two species, we have no means
of determining if it is so. Length 3.5 mm.

Holotype male, Chapada, Brazil, April (Carnegie Aluseum).

IMcAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin.e. 313

1 19. Galgupha (Nothocoris) surda sp. nov.

Black, corial marking dull yellow, margin of venter obscurely
reddish; beak, antennae, and tarsi testaceous.

Head produced about one and one-half times length of eye beyond
anterior transocular line, front margin narrowly rounded, subtruncate
medially; vertex with shallow punctures, except on extreme posterior
portion; pronotum with coarse punctures antero-laterally, and in ends
of transverse impression where they are more or less rastrate, sub-
obsoletely punctate elsewhere; scutellum moderately punctate on a
broad peripheral band, subobsoletely so on disk; corium punctate;
sternites moderately punctate, smoother medially, sixth subangulate
anteriorly, fifth and fourth slightly constricted medially; genital
plates punctate, less than half as long as sixth sternite, shorter than
postventer, inner margin less than half, as long as posterior, the latter
concave, but transverse in position. Length 4 mm.

Holotype and paratype females, Iguassu (British Museum).

Possibly surda and repetita are the sexes of one species.

120. Galgupha (Nothocoris) terminalis Walker.

C[orimelcena] notatipennis Stal, C., Rio Hemip., i, 1862, p. 8. A name without
description based on Odontoscelis schmidtii Germar. A secondary reference to
Herrich-Schaeffer, Wanz. Ins., V, p. 35, fig. 483 (exclus. syn. fabricii) is of no
consequence, as the name must stand or fall by the first citation. We have no
means of knowing what Germar’s schmidtii really was, so drop the name notati-
pennis Stal based upon it. At the same time we have examined specimens of the
present species identified by Stal as notatipennis, which, if he had described them
as he did those upon which other new names in the Rio Hemiptera were based,
would be type material.

Corimelcena Walker, Francis, Catalogue, i, 1867, p. 80 [Brazil],

This is the same species represented by Stabs material, and in view
of the uncertain applicability of his name we use Walker’s, although
of course it may not be identical with notatipennis Stal, i.e., Schmidtii
Germar.

Black polished, with aeneous reflections, apex of corium and large
basal spot not crossing claval suture, but reaching scutellum for some
distance posterior to it, yellowish (the apical spot rarely obsolete) ;
pale lateral spots or edging of venter often obscure; tibiae concolorous,
tarsi, beak, and antennae pale.

Head rounded anteriorly, produced less than length of eye beyond
anterior transocular line; vertex with large scattered punctures, except
on posterior disk; pronotum with numerous similar punctures laterally,
remaining surface with only traces of puncturing; scutellum coarsely
punctured near antero-lateral angles, with numerous fine punctures
elsewhere, almost obsolete on anterior disk, venter copiously and dis-

314

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

tinctly punctate, smoother medianly; sixth sternite subangulate an-
teriorly in both sexes, a little more pointed in male; ventral exposure of
male hypopygium sparsely punctate, all margins slightly carinate-
elevated, posterior broadly, but shallowly, emarginate; dorsal rim
broad and nearly flat within lateral angles, narrower and moderately
sloping anteriorly, hind margin depressed medianly to level of central
disk; genital plates of female sparsely punctate, less than half as long
as sixth sternite, about as long as postventer, shorter on inner than on
posterior margin, the latter slightly concave, but transverse in posi-
tion. Length 3-3.5 mm.

Holotype female, Constancia, Brazil, January 1857, allotype male,
same locality, February 1857, H. Clark (British Museum); Brazil, F.
Sahlberg (Westerman), Rio de Janeiro (Stockholm Museum; StM’s
material of notatipennis) Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, October; paratypes
with same data, and Montevideo, Uruguay (Carnegie Museum);
Bahia, Brazil, Uhler Collection (U. S. N. M.); Marechal Mallet,
Jan. 18, 20, 1922; Cara Pintada, Jan. 20, 1922; Rio Claro, Serra da
Esperanza, Feb. 4, 7, 1922; Sao Domingo, Feb. 24, 25, 1922; Fazenda
Durski, March 30, April 5, 1922; Rio Ubasinho, Aug. 15-27, Sept.
17-26, 1922; Salto de Uba, Rio Ivahy, Oct. 22, Nov. 13, 1922; all
localities in Parana, Brazil (Warsaw Museum); Bolivia (Argentine
Museum); Brazil, Blumenau; Petropolis, Brazil, F. Sahlberg (Helsing-
fors Museum); Para, Brazil, Sieber; San Bernardino, Paraguay, and
others labelled Paraguay only, K. Fiebrig; Brazil, v. Langsdorf; La
Guayra, Otto (Berlin Museum); Est. de Parana, Rio Negro, Dec. 23,
M. Witte (Deutsches Ent. Inst.) ; Santa Catharina, Brazil, Friedureich,
Liiderwaldt; Petropolis, Ohaus (Stettin Museum); Santos, Brazil,
Oct. 17, 1893, H. Brauns (Hamburg Museum); Rio Grande do Sul,
Brazil, Stieglmayr (Vienna Museum); Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1815, A.
Saint-Hilaire; East Cape Mines (Paris Museum); Theresopolis,
Brazil, Ohaus (Dresden Museum); Santos, Brazil, March 29, 1841;
Sao Paulo, Brazil, A. Mueller; Buenavista, 450 meters, Santa Cruz,
Bolivia, H. Taeuber (Munich Museum).

A female specimen forming part of the type material of Odonto-
scelis maculipennis Germar, Amer. Mer. (Lwow Museum) probably is
this species.

Subgenus Psestophleps McAtee and Malloch.

Psestophleps McAtee, W. L. and Malloch, J. R., Ann. Mus. Z06I. Poland, vol. VII,

1928, pp. 41-42 (Monobasic, type species, Galgupha {Psestophleps) neobisignata

sp. nov.).

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 315

Principal characters: Corium pointed at apex (Fig. 57), exocorial
vein normally obsolete at base, sometimes represented by a line of
separated faint punctures from fork to base, and never as deep on that
portion as the same section of cubital vein, distinct from fork apically,
the branches connate distally; mesocorial vein faint or lacking (except
in mexicana) ; hind tibia with a longitudinal carinate line on posterior
surface; lateral area of metapleurum punctured along inner margin.
Subgenotype Galgupha {Psestophleps) neohisignata McAtee and
Malloch.

This seems strictly a southern group, none of the known species
occurring north of Mexico.

Key to the Species.

Females 2

Males 16

Corium entirely black or sometimes reddish-brown on costa basally 3

Corium otherwise 6

Genital plates concave posteriorly, distinctly shorter than postventer, inner

margin about one-half as long as posterior 4

Genital plates transverse posteriorly, nearly as long as postventer; inner

margin about two-thirds as long as posterior casta sp. nov.

Sixth sternite about equal in length to fifth and fourth together; area of sub-
genital about half that of genital plates; scutellum densely rastrate api-
cally carbonata sp. nov.

Sixth sternite distinctly longer than fifth and fourth together, area of sub-
genital, much more than half that of genital plates; scutellum less densely or

not at all rastrate 5

Smaller species, averaging 4 mm. in length, corium frequently reddish-brown

at base along costa porcata Horvath.

Larger species, averaging 5 mm. in length, corium black obovata sp. nov.

Corium with a yellowish or reddish spot at base which does not extend to the

claval suture 7

Corium either almost entirely stramineous to reddish, or with a reddish or
yellowish basal spot, which extends to the claval suture and generally along

margin of scutellum for some distance beyond apex of suture 9

Posterior trichobothrium on sternites three to five not closer to the lateral

margin than is the anterior one 8

Posterior trichobothrium on all sternites distinctly nearer to the lateral margin

than is the anterior one imitans sp. nov.

Genital plates about as long as fifth sternite at middle and half as long as

sixth sternite altera sp. nov.

Genital plates shorter than fifth sternite at middle and less than one-third as

long as sixth sternite costomaculata sp. nov.

Corium chiefly pale 10

Corium black, with a reddish or yellowish basal spot (Fig. 57) ii

316

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

10. Corium stramineous, slightly infuscated bordering scutellum; genital plates

about two-thirds as long as wide, about equal to postventer.

pallipennis sp. nov.

Corium reddish-orange, sometimes with a dark streak along cubitus posteriorly;
genital plates nearly as long as wide, distinctly longer than postventer.

tabellula sp. nov.

11. Genital plates on inner margin about twice as long as fifth sternite in center

and fully half as long as sixth sternite at same point.

neobisignata McAtee and Malloch.
Genital plates on inner margin not, or very slightly, longer than fifth sternite
in center and not half as long as sixth sternite at same point 12

12. Large robust species (5 x 3.5 mm.); genital plates distinctly elevated along

inner margins, scutellum highly polished, not alutaceous. . mexicana sp. nov.
Smaller, more slender species (4 x 2.5 mm.); genital plates flat; scutellum not
highly polished apically, generally quite noticeably alutaceous 13

13. Genital plates over twice as wide on posterior margins as long on inner mar-

gin 15

Genital plates less than twice as wide on posterior margins as long on inner
margin 14

14. Hind margins of genital plates straight bergiana sp. nov.

Hind margins of genital plates concave inops sp. nov.

15. Vertex almost contiguously coarse-punctate bisignata sp. nov.

Vertex more sparsely punctate .media sp. nov.

16. Corium aeneous black, sometimes slightly brownish at base of costa, but no-

where yellow or reddish; scutellum not noticeably rastrate apically. . . .17
Corium reddish or yellowish on base of costa or more extensively 18

17. Exposed portion of hypopygium distinctly shorter than fifth sternite at center,

the hind margin evenly low concave on almost its entire width (Fig. 184).

porcata Horvath.

Exposed portion of hypopygium not shorter than fifth sternite at center, the
rim slightly concave medially (Fig. 182) obovata sp. nov.

18. Corium reddish, sometimes with a dark streak along cubitus.

tabellula sp. nov.

Corium with basal pale spot only 19

19. Basal pale marking of corium invading mesocorium, but not reaching claval

suture costomaculata sp. nov.

Basal pale marking of corium reaching claval suture 20

20. Ventral exposure of hypopygium not over half as great as length of fifth ster-

nite at center, the latter half as long as sixth at same point; large, robust

species, with the scutellum highly polished to apex mexicana sp. nov.

Ventral exposure of hypopygium at least as great as length of fifth sternite at
center, the latter much less than half as long as sixth sternite at same point;
smaller and more slender species, the scutellum generally more or less
evidently alutaceous apically 21

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the THYREOcoRiNHi. 317

21. Ventral surface of hypopygium about as long as fourth and fifth sternites com-

bined on central line (Fig. i8o), the surface slightly convex and impunctate
on each side of a central punctate area, the dorsal rim glossy and impunctate
on the greater portion of the lateral angles.

neobisignata McAtee and Malloch.
Ventral surface of hypopygium much shorter than sternites four and five
combined on central line, usually rather evenly punctured and not noticeably
convex on each side of middle, the lateral angles of dorsal rim granulose or
punctate 22

22. Hind margin of hypopygium straight or low convex, without median emargina-

tion 23

Hind margin of hypopygium with a shallow emargination 25

23. Sixth sternite with numerous, evenly distributed punctures; sternites four to

six with conspicuous reddish lateral margins mayana sp. nov.

Sixth sternite with fewer punctures, which are coarser and closer together
laterally, finer and farther apart medially; sternites four to six not pale-
margined 24

24. Dorsal rim of hypopygium nearly flat inops sp. nov.

Dorsal rim of hypopygium distinctly sloping inwardly bergiana sp. nov.

25. Hind margin of hypopygium evenly and very slightly emarginated from side to

side (Fig. 183) ; dorsal rim declivitous from anterior margin, media sp. nov.
Hind margin of hypopygium with a central emargination distinctly differ-
entiated from a convex portion each side (Fig. 176); dorsal rim with a flat
portion of noticeable width anteriorly 26

26. Vertex produced more than length of eye beyond anterior transocular line,

copiously, coarse-punctate, except posteriorly bisignata sp. nov.

Vertex produced less than length of eye beyond anterior transocular line, with
fewer and shallower punctures fimbriata sp. nov.

Systematic Arrangement of the Species.

Corium maculate; puncturing less pronounced:

pallipennis, tabellula, bisignata, bergiana, inops, neobisignata,
fimbriata, media, mayana, mexicana, altera, costomaculata,
imitans.

Corium concolorous; puncturing more pronounced:

porcata, casta, carbonata, obovata.

121. Galgupha (Psestophleps) altera sp. nov.

Black, corial patch yellow, bordered interiorly by brownish, about
half as long as corium not reaching claval suture; antennae, beak, and
tarsi testaceous; margin of venter reddish-tinged.

Head produced about one and one-half times length of eye beyond
anterior transocular line, truncate anteriorly, margins nearly straight
from eye to truncation; vertex obsoletely punctate discally each side

318

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

of tylus, smooth elsewhere. Pronotum with a group of coarse but
shallow punctures laterally, a few about ends of transverse impression
somewhat rastrate, nearly impunctate elsewhere. Scutellum alutace-
ous, almost impunctate on anterior disk, moderately punctate else-
where, punctures tending to be in irregular rows, declivity somewhat
wrinkled transversely. Venter numerously punctate, somewhat
smoother medially; sixth sternite rounded anteriorly, nearly as long
as preceding three together, fifth and fourth only a little constricted
medially; genital plates punctate, less than half as long as sixth
sternite; slightly shorter than postventer, distinctly shorter on inner
than on posterior margin, the latter transverse, but slightly concave.
Length 4 mm.

Holotype female, Brazil, Pippingskoeld (Helsingfors Museum).

122. Galgupha (Psestophleps) bergiana sp. nov.

Black, shining, corial patch pale yellowish; tarsi, beak, and antennae
testaceous, the last two organs sometimes more or less infuscated.

Head produced less than length of eye beyond anterior transocular
line, front margin carinate-edged, but scarcely reflexed, broadly sub-
truncate anteriorly, slightly concave between truncation and eye;
vertex coarsely punctate on discal portions, almost smooth near mar-
gins, tylus transversely wrinkled anteriorly, lightly punctate pos-
teriorly; pronotum coarsely punctate antero-laterally, lightly rastrate
in extremities of transverse impression, almost impunctate elsewhere;
scutellum almost smooth on anterior disk, numerously punctate else-
where, more or less transversely wrinkled and alutaceous on declivity;
mesocorium and veins apically densely punctate; venter moderately
coarse-punctate laterally, smoother medially; sternite six of male
narrowly rounded (scarcely subangulate) anteriorly, about as long as
preceding three sternites together, each of which is slightly constricted
medially, and a little rounded, prominent in middle anteriorly; ventral
exposure of hypopygium punctate, nearly flat longitudinally, hind
margin scarcely reflexed, almost evenly convex (Fig. 181); dorsal rim
widest and flattest laterally, anterior wall narrower more declivitous,
posterior narrowest and steepest of all; sixth sternite of female rounded
anteriorly, a little produced at middle posteriorly, greater in median
length than the preceding two, but not the three sternites together, the
latter moderately constricted medially; genital plates punctate, less
than half as long as sixth sternite, and shorter than postventer; inner
margin two-thirds as long as posterior, the latter slightly concave and
oblique. Length 3.5-4 mm.

Holotype male and allotype female, Bahia, Brazil, A. David (Paris
Museum); paratypes Santarem, Brazil; Taperina, Brazil, September
(Carnegie Museum); Hohenau, Alto Parana, Paraguay, H. Richter;
Province of Salta, Argentina, J. Steinbach (Berlin Museum); Puerto

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 319

Max, Paraguay, Louis des Arts Jr., (Hamburg Museum); Castilla del
Monte, Cordoba, Argentina, Hosseus (Munich Museum); Peru, M.
Kirsch (locality correct?) (Dresden Museum).

This species is dedicated to C. Berg, the Argentine Entomologist,
who described several species of Thyreocorids from his country.

123. Galgupha (Psestophleps) bisignata sp. nov.

So similar in general is this species to hergiana that it is scarcely
worth while describing any but the genital characters. Outline of
head and pronotum as in Fig. 178; corium as in Fig. 57. Sixth sternite
subangulate in male, nearly as long as the preceding three sternites
together, of which the fifth and fourth are moderately constricted
medially; ventral exposure of hypopygium ample, punctate, slightly
transversely channeled, hind margin broadly concave medially, convex
laterally (Fig. 176); dorsal rim broad laterally, and moderately slop-
ing, half as wide anteriorly and more steeply declivate, posterior wall
depressed corresponding to the emargination ; sternites of female but
little smoother medially than laterally; sixth rounded anteriorly, a
little subangulately produced in the middle posteriorly, longer than the
preceding two, but shorter than the preceding three sternites to-
gether, of which the fifth is distinctly constricted medially; genital
plates, punctate, scarcely half as long as sixth sternite, decidedly
shorter than postventer; inner margins less than half as long as pos-
terior, the latter concave, but transverse in position. Length 3.75"4
mm.

Holotype male. Province Saltre, Argentina, Jan. 2, 1897; allotype
female. Province Tucuman, Argentina, Nov. 14, 1897, S. Venturi
(Argentine Museum) Rio Salado, Santiago del Estero, Argentina,
1909, E. R. Wagner (Paris Museum); Brazil (Stettin Museum); Rio
de Janeiro, Kinberg (Stockholm Museum); Ledesma, Argentina,
Feb. 19, 1929, H. A. Jaynes (U. S. N. M.).

One of the species of this group probably is Thyreocoris flavohi-
signatus Berg (Hem. Arg., 1879, pp. 17-18) but the original descrip-
tion does not mention genital characters, and the type does not seem
to be extant.

124. Galgupha (Psestophleps) carbonata sp. nov.

Deep black, shining; tarsi, beak, and antennae testaceous.

Head produced about one and one-half times length of eye beyond
anterior transocular line; front margin truncate medially, slightly
sinuate between truncation and eyes; vertex coarsely, mostly rastrate
punctate everywhere, except on posterior part of tylus and occipital

320

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

strip; pronotum coarsely punctate laterally, the punctures being round
anteriorly and more or less rastrate posteriorly and about extremities of
transverse impression, remainder of dorsal surface with fine punctur-
ing; scutellum finely punctate discally, densely and coarsely so peri-
pherally, posteriorly the punctures become rastrate, and the inter-
spaces between punctures alutaceous, so that on the declivity the
appearance suggests that of combed steel wool; mesocorium and veins
posteriorly numerously punctate; sternites copiously and coarsely
punctate, laterally, smoother medially, sixth sternite of female rounded
anteriorly, a little convex produced in middle posteriorly, about as
long as the preceding two sternites together, each of which is slightly
constricted medially; genital plates punctate, about half as long as
sixth sternite, and a little shorter than postventer, inner portions
somewhat elevated, inner margins about half length of posterior, the
latter slightly concave, but transverse in position. Length 5 mm.

Holotype female, Gobierno Chaco, Argentina, Nov. 20, 1897, S.
Venturi (Argentine Museum).

The hind tibiae are missing, so it is possible, although not probable,
that this species pertains to another group.

125. Galgupha (Psestophleps) casta sp. nov.

Black, with aeneous reflections; tarsi, beak, and antennae testaceous.

Head produced more than length of eye beyond anterior transocular
line, front margin reflexed, truncate medially, slightly sinuate later-
ally; vertex coarsely punctate discally, finely so peripherally and on
tylus; pronotum coarsely punctate antero-laterally, finely so elsewhere;
scutellum numerously punctate peripherally, most coarsely so an-
teriorly, and more sparsely and finely punctate discally; mesocorium
and veins punctate; lateral area of metapleurum punctate along inner-
side; sternites copiously coarse-punctate laterally, smoother medially,
especially the sixth; the latter broadly rounded anteriorly, nearly as
long as the preceding three together, all of which are moderately con-
stricted medially; genital plates copiously punctate, nearly half as long
as sixth sternite, about as long as postventer, inner margins about two-
thirds as long as posterior, the latter straight and transverse. Length
4 mm.

Holotype female. Villa Ana, F. C. S. Fe, Argentina, September,
1925, K. J. Hayward (British Museum).

126. Galgupha (Psestophleps) costomaculata sp. nov.

The corial patch, which varies from yellowish to reddish, is markedly
restricted, invading the mesocorium but little; it is more or less in-
fuscated peripherally; the general color is a deeper black than in
hergiava and bisignata.

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 321

Head produced about length of eye beyond anterior transocular
line; distribution of puncturing about as in bergiana and bisignata,
but the larger punctures are much coarser and more deeply impressed;
declivity of scutellum more or less rastrate, decidedly so in females;
sternites copiously punctate, nearly smooth medially in males, but
punctate there in females, although to a less degree than laterally;
sixth sternite of male subangulate anteriorly, distinctly convex pro-
duced in middle posteriorly, longer than the preceding three sternites
together, all of which are moderately constricted medially, and each
of which has the anterior margin a little produced at the middle;
ventral exposure of hypopygium sparsely punctate, hind margin
distinctly reflexed, shallowly concave medially, convex laterally,
surpassed by a fringe of pale hairs; dorsal rim broadest laterally,
about equally broad anteriorly and posteriorly, moderately sloping
on all sides; sixth sternite of female rounded anteriorly, a little pro-
duced in middle posteriorly, as long as preceding three sternites to-
gether, none of which are more than moderately constricted medially;
genital plates punctate, disk in general depressed below level of
anterior and inner margins, less than half as long as sixth sternite, and
distinctly shorter than postventer, inner margin not more than half
as long as posterior, the latter distinctly concave, but almost trans-
verse in position; subgenital plates pyriform, almost as large as the
genital plates. Length 4.5-5 mm.

Holotype male, Paraguay, Sept. 10, Fiebrig (Berlin Museum);
allotype female Sapucay, Paraguay, W. T. Foster (U. S. N. M.);
paratypes, Brazil (Hamburg Museum); San Luis, Paraguay, Reimoser;
San Salvador (probably a town, not the country of that name),
Signoret Collection (Vienna Museum).

127. Galgupha (Psestophleps) fimbriata sp. nov.

Black, corial patch yellowish-orange; margin of venter faintly red-
dish; tarsi, beak, and antennae testaceous.

Head produced less than length of eye beyond anterior transocular
line, front margin of vertex truncate medially, slightly sinuate between
truncation and eye; vertex coarsely punctate medially each side of
tylus, almost impunctate, anteriorly, posteriorly, and on tylus; pro-
notum coarsely punctate antero-laterally, more or less finely rastrate
in transverse impression, nearly impunctate elsewhere; scutellum
almost impunctate on anterior disk, numerously punctate elsewhere,
most coarsely so in antero-lateral angles; mesocorium and veins punc-
tate; sternites coarsely, although rather sparsely punctate, little
smoother medially except sixth; sixth sternite of male subangulate
medially, as long as preceding sternites together, all of which are
moderately constricted medially, ventral exposure of hypopygium
punctate, slightly channeled transversely, hind margin slightly con-

322

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

cave medially, convex laterally, surpassed in unworn specimens by a
fringe of cilia from the dorsal rim, the latter with the hind wall slop-
ing, the remainder nearly flat, much the broadest at lateral angles;
sixth sternite of female broadly rounded anteriorly, slightly produced
in middle posteriorly, preceding sternites moderately constricted;
genital plates punctate, less than half as long as sixth sternite, a little
shorter than postventer; inner margin less than half as long as pos-
terior, the latter slightly concave, transverse in position. Length
3.5 mm.

Holotype and paratype males. La Guayra, Otto (Berlin Museum);
paratype male, Macuto, near La Guayra, C. Cageo, Aug. 17, 1906;
allotype female and paratype male, Paramaribo, Dutch Guiana, C.
Heller (Hamburg Museum).

128. Galgupha (Psestophleps) imitans sp. nov.

Like costomaculata except as noted in key. Female genitalia as
follows: sixth sternite broadly rounded anteriorly; genital plates
punctate, about as long as fifth sternite and about one-third as long
as sixth, distinctly shorter than postventer, hind margins concave, but
nearly transverse in position. Length 5 mm.

Holotype female, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, December (Carnegie
Museum).

129. Galgupha (Psestophleps) inops sp. nov.

yEneous-black, corial patch about half as long as corium, pale
orange; tarsi, beak, and antennae testaceous.

Head produced about length of eye beyond anterior transocular
line; front margin reflexed, emarginate truncate medially, slightly
sinuate laterally; vertex with shallow coarse punctures laterally,
anterior part of tylus transversely rugulose, broad occipital region
nearly impunctate; pronotum coarsely punctate antero-laterally, a
little rastrate in transverse impression, nearly smooth elsewhere;
scutellum finely punctate on disk, coarsely so laterally, rastrate on
declivity; mesocorium and veins punctate; lateral area of metapleurum
punctate along inner side; sternites coarsely punctate laterally, more
finely so medially in male, more evenly distributed and more nearly
uniform in size in female; sixth sternite of male subangulate an-
teriorly, about as long as the preceding three sternites together;
ventral exposure of hypopygium coarsely punctate, hind margin dis-
tinctly reflexed, almost evenly low convex from side to side; dorsal
rim granulate, broadest laterally, almost evenly though slightly con-
cave from side to side; sixth sternite of female rounded anteriorly;
genital plates punctate, less than one-half as long as sixth sternite,
distinctly shorter than postventer, inner margins about two-thirds

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 323

as long as posterior, the latter distinctly concave, but transverse in
position; subgenital plates subpyriform in outline, of about three-
fourths the area of genital plates. Length 4 mm.

Holotype male and allotype female, Brazil (Dresden Museum).

130. Galgupha (Psestophleps) mayana sp. nov.

Black, corial patch and lateral margins of sternites four to six
reddish-orange; tarsi and antennae testaceous, beak more infuscated.

Head produced about length of eye beyond anterior transocular
line; front margin feebly carinate, truncate anteriorly, nearly straight
between eye and truncation; vertex with scattered coarse punctures
except posteriorly; pronotum almost impunctate except antero-
laterally; scutellum numerously punctate peripherally, smooth
discally; mesocorium with scattered punctures; sternites densely
punctate laterally, smoother medially, but punctures more obvious
discally than usual, especially on sternite six; the latter angulate
anteriorly, the fifth, however, only slightly constricted medially;
ventral exposure of hypopygium punctate, with a triangular depressed
area based cephalad, the apex of which touches hind margin; the
latter distinctly reflexed, nearly straight; dorsal rim broad, most so
laterally, moderately sloping inwardly. Length 3.5 mm.

Holotype male, Honduras, Hjalmarson (Stockholm Museum).

13 1. Galgupha (Psestophleps) media sp. nov.

Black, corial patch, which is less than half as long as corium, pale
yellow; posterior sternites faintly reddish laterally; beak, antennae,
and tarsi tastaceous.

Head produced about length of eye beyond anterior transocular
line, front margin more or less truncate anteriorly and sinuate laterally,
vertex coarsely punctate, discally, tylus and periphery in general
nearly smooth; pronotum coarsely punctate antero-laterally including
extremities of transverse impression, nearly smooth elsewhere;
scutellum alutaceous, moderately punctate peripherally, anterior
disk nearly impunctate; corium with a few indistinct punctures be-
sides those along veins; sternites with numerous rather coarse punc-
tures, smoother medially, sixth mostly smooth; sixth sternite of male
subangulate anteriorly, slightly convex posteriorly in male; some-
what longer than preceding three sternites together, each of which
is moderately constricted medially; ventral exposure of hypopygium
rather large, sparsely and irregularly punctate, hind margin slightly
reflexed and a little concave medially as viewed from below (Fig. 183) ;
dorsal rim widest laterally, about equally wide anteriorly and pos-
teriorly, distinctly, though not abruptly, basined; sixth sternite of
female rounded anteriorly, almost evenly concave posteriorly; genital
plates of female with subobsolete punctures less than half as long as

324

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

sixth sternite and distinctly shorter than postventer, inner margin
less than half length of posterior, the latter slightly concave, trans-
verse in position. Length 3-3.5 mm.

Ilolotype male and allotype female, Demerara, British Guiana,
March 19, 1901, R. J. Crew (British Museum); paratype female, near
Paramaribo, Surinam, March 1908, C. Heller (Berlin Museum).

132. Galgupha (Psestophleps) mexicana sp. nov.

Black, shining, with slight aeneous reflections; corial patch yellow.

Outline of head and pronotum as in Fig. 179. Head produced not
more than length of eye in male, and less in female, beyond anterior
transocular line; puncturing about as in hergiana, but less evident in
ends of transverse impression, a larger discal area on the pronotum,
therefore, nearly smooth; the same is true of the scutellum; meso-
corial vein more evident than in the other species.

Venter densely punctate with more tendency to be smooth medially
in the female, than in male, which is unusual; sixth sternite of male
subangulate both medially and laterally on anterior margin; no longer
than the preceding two sternites together, neither of which is notably
constricted; ventral exposure of hypopygium brief, sparingly punctate,
hind margin broadly smooth and distinctly reflexed, slightly concave
medially, convex laterally, surpassed by an inconspicuous fringe of
hairs; dorsal rim about equally broad from lateral angle to lateral
angle around anterior side, this part very moderately sloping, hind
wall narrower, more declivate; sixth sternite of female broadly rounded
anteriorly with indications of lateral subangulations, slightly convex-
produced posteriorly, about as long as preceding two sternites to-
gether, neither of which is much constricted medially; genital plates
punctate, disk in general depressed below level of anterior and inner
margins, scarcely half as long as sixth sternite, nor quite as long as
postventer, inner margin about half as long as posterior, the latter
slightly concave but transverse in position. Length 4.5 mm.

Holotype male and allotype female, Colima Vulcano, Mexico, L.
Conrad (U. S. N. M.) ; paratypes same locality, 1918, J. Laue (Munich
Museum); Cachahuamilpa, Mexico, Aug. 19, 1926 (Stettin Museum);
Mexico (Vienna Museum); Manzanilla, Mexico, September, 1907,
R. Pressler (Hamburg Museum).

133. Galgupha (Psestophleps) neobisignata McAtee and Malloch.

Galgupha {Psestophleps) neobisignata McAtee, W. L., and Malloch, J. R., Ann.

Mus., Z06I. Poland, VII, 1928, p. 42 [Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay].

Black, basal third of corium pale yellowish, the marking extending
to claval suture, and along edge of scutellum posterior to claval suture;

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 325

tarsi, beak, and antennae testaceous, the latter two appendages some-
times considerably infuscated.

Head produced about length of eye beyond anterior transocular
line, front margin more or less truncate medially and sumate later-
ally, vertex sparsely provided with moderately impressed punctures;
pronotum laterally and scutellum peripherally with rather coarse
punctures, becoming fine and subobsolete on disks of these sclerites,
the discal punctures on pronotum tending to be rastrate; veins thickly,
and mesocorium and clavus sparsely, punctate; sternites moderately
punctate, smoother medially, sixth subangulate in male, narrowly
rounded in female, fifth and fourth, distinctly constricted medially
in both sexes; ventral exposure of male hypopygium ample, sparingly
punctate, hind margin slightly reflexed, noticeably concave medially
and convex laterally, as viewed from below (Fig. i8o); dorsal rim
nearly flat and polished, widest, but not greatly so, laterally, the lateral
angles and parts anterior much like a capital U in outline, posterior
rim thin, steeply declivate, depressed medially, somewhat carinate-
elevated laterally; sixth sternite of female longer than the preceding
two but not so long as the preceding three sternites together, a little
produced in middle posteriorly; genital plates of female punctate,
two-thirds as long as sixth sternite, and longer than postventer, inner
margin three-fourths as long as posterior, the latter, slightly concave,
and oblique. Length 3. 5-4. 5 mm.

Holotype male, Chaco de Santiago del Estero, bords du Rio Salado,
environs d’Icano, E. H. Wagner, 1904; paratype male. Province de
Minas Geraes, Brazil, 2100 meters, E. R. Wagner, 1902; allotype
female. Province de Corrientes, Argentina, D’Orbigny, 1834 (Paris
Museum); paratypes, Chapada, Brazil, April; St. Helena, Paraguay
(Carnegie Museum); Corrientes and Ppa. Ctl., Argentina (Argentine
Museum); Marechal Mallet, Jan. 19, 29, 1922; Rio Claro, Serra da
Esperanza, Feb. 4, 6, 12, 1922; Sao Domingo, Feb. 21, 22, 25, 1922;
Rio da Areira, March 6, 1922; Fazenda Durski, March 31, April 4,
5, 6, 1922; Cara Pintado, May 19, 20, 1922, all in Parana, Brazil,
(Polish Museum); Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Montevideo, Uruguay,
Breddin Collection (Deutsches Ent. Inst.).

The following specimens were received too late for listing in connec-
tion with the original description and therefore are not paratypes:
America, Sellow; Hohenau, Alto Parana, Paraguay, H. Richter;
Province of Salta, Argentina, 2500 m., J. Steinbach (Berlin Museum);
La Merced, Argentina, Reimoser; Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, Stiegl-
mayr (Vienna Museum); San Ignacio, Misiones, Argentina, 1910,
1911, E. R. Wagner (Paris Museum); Tucuman, Argentina; Rio
Grande, Iguarassu (British Museum); Guiana, Leprieur (locality

326

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

correct?) (Paris Museum); Porto Allegre, Brazil; Asuncion, Paraguay,
H. Taeuber (Munich Museum).

134. Galgupha (Psestophleps) obovata sp. nov.

Black, moderately shining; tarsi, beak, and antennae testaceous,
apical two segments of antenna more or less infuscated.

Head produced a little more than length of eye beyond anterior trans-
ocular line; front margin truncate medially, slightly convex from trun-
cation tb eye; vertex coarsely punctate discally, nearly impunctate
peripherally; pronotum coarsely punctate laterally, nearly impunctate
discally; scutellum numerously punctate, except on anterior disk which
is nearly smooth, declivity more or less rastrate; mesocorium and veins
punctate; sternites numerously punctate, smoother medially; sixth
sternite of male subangulate anteriorly, as long as all of the preceding
sternites combined; ventral exposure of male hypopygium (Fig. 182)
coarsely punctate, its hind margin distinctly reflexed, broadly concave,
surpassed by a fringe of pale hairs; dorsal rim moderately sloping an-
teriorly and posteriorly, broadest and somewhat tumid laterally; sixth
sternite of female narrowly rounded anteriorly, about as long as the
preceding three sternites together, all of which are distinctly con-
stricted medially; genital plates, punctate, less than half as long as
sixth sternite, shorter than postventer; hind margins concave, and
somewhat anteriorly oblique. Length 4.5-5 mm.

Holotype and paratype females. Province of Salta, Argentina, 2500
m., J. Steinbach (Berlin Museum); allotype male, Chicoana, Salta;
paratypes, La Merced, Zuviria, and San Antonio, Argentina (Vienna
Museum); Guemes, Argentina, Feb. 18, 1929, on cane, H. A. Jaynes
(U. S. N. M.).

135. Galgupha (Psestophleps) pallipennis sp. nov.

ALneous-black anteriorly, reddish brown posteriorly; corium chiefly
pale as described in key; underside and legs chiefly castaneous, tarsi,
beak, and antennae testaceous.

Head produced about length of eye beyond anterior transocular
line; front margin slightly reflexed, subtruncate anteriorly, slightly
sinuate laterally; vertex finely punctate near anterior margin and on
most of tylus, nearly impunctate posteriorly, coarsely punctate else-
where; pronotum coarsely punctate antero-laterally, somewhat rastrate
in extremities of transverse impression, finely punctate elsewhere;
scutellum finely punctate in general, rather coarsely punctate antero-
laterally; mesocorium and veins punctate; lateral area of metapleurum
impunctate; sternites copiously punctate laterally, nearly smooth
medially, sixth sternite broadly polished discally, rounded anteriorly,
a little longer on median line than fifth and fourth together, neither of

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 327

which is much constricted medially; genital plates punctate; less than
half as long as sixth sternite, and about equal to postventer; inner
margins three-fourths as long as posterior, the latter slightly concave.
Length 3.25 mm.

Ilolotype female, Brazil, 1840, Barreto (Paris Museum).

136. Galgupha (Psestophleps) porcata Horvath.

Galgupha porcata Horvath, G., Am. Mus. Nat. Hung., VII, 1919, pp. 217-218

[Argentina].

Galgupha lugubris Horvath, G., l.c., p. 218 [Argentina, Paraguay].

Black, antennae, beak, and tarsi, testaceous.

Head produced about length of eye beyond anterior transocular
line, front margin truncate anteriorly, then slightly concave to eyes;
vertex copiously punctate except on extreme rear margin; pronotum
coarsely punctate near lateral margins anteriorly, finely subobsoletely
punctate elsewhere; scutellum finely punctate on anterior disk,
copiously and more coarsely so elsewhere; sternites as described in
key, sixth of male angulate anteriorly, the preceding three more or
less constricted medially, fifth and fourth distinctly so; ventral ex-
posure of hypopygium (Fig. 184) short, punctate, hind margin slightly
reflexed very broadly, but also very shallowly, emarginate, dorsal
rim fl^t and broad anteriorly, broader and somewhat sloping laterally,
hind wall thin and more declivitous within; sternite six of female
broadly rounded anteriorly, fifth considerably, and fourth slightly con-
stricted medially; genital plates sparsely punctate, almost flat, hind
margin nearly straight and transverse; area of genital, not more than
a third greater than that of the subgenital plates. Length 3.75-
4.5 mm.

Ilolotype male of porcata, Tucuman, Argentina, 1906, Vezenyi;
paratype male, Metan, Salta, Argentina, 1906, Vezenyi; holotype
female of lugubris, Mendoza, Argentina; paratype, Puerto Max,
Paraguay, 1905, Vezenyi (Budapest Museum); other specimens from
Corumba, Brazil, March (Carnegie Museum); Provinces of Salta and
Jujuy, Argentina (Argentine Museum); Provincia Mendoza, Argen-
tina (Jensen-Haarup) ; Rio Salado, Chaco de Santiago, February
(Helsingfors Museum); Argentina, Griining (Hamburg Museum);
Chaco, Paraguay, Fiebrig; Bahia, Brazil (Vienna Museum); Bolivia
(British Museum).

137. Galgupha (Psestophleps) tabellula sp. nov.

Black, entire exposed corium pale reddish, except in some cases for
a slight infuscation basally, and a dark marking behind middle border-
ing scutellum; clavus black, tarsi, beak, and antennae testaceous.

328

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Head produced about length of eye beyond anterior transocular
line, front margin slightly sinuate before eye, apex subtruncate;
vertex with coarse, but not deep, punctures except on hind part of
tylus and occipital strip; punctures of pronotum and scutellum well
marked only laterally, nearly obsolete discally; mesocorium and veins
punctate. Lateral area of metapleurum acute anteriorly; sternites with
large but sparse and lightly impressed punctures subdiscally, only
obsoletely punctate elsewhere; sixth subangulate anteriorly in male,
fifth and fourth distinctly constricted medially; ventral exposure of
hypopygium semi-elliptical, indistinctly punctate, hind margin
slightly reflexed, almost evenly convex as seen from below, dorsal
surface shallowly basined, rim much the widest laterally, top of hind
wall almost as broad as anterior rim; sixth sternite broadly rounded in
female, fifth and fourth only slightly constricted medially; genital
plates faintly punctate, more than half as long as sixth sternite, about
equal in length to postventer, inner margin decidedly shorter than
posterior, the latter transverse and slightly concave. Length 3-3.5 mm.

Holotype male and allotype female, Paramaribo, Surinam, April
20, 1908, Heller; another female with genital plates a little longer,
possibly not the same species, same locality, September 1907 (Berlin
Museum).

Subgenus Pteronomos subgen. nov.

Principal characters: Strip between costal carina and base of cubital
vein depressed and flattened (Fig. 186), stem of exocorial vein obso-
lete or nearly so; corium pointed apically, the branches of exocorial
vein connate apically; lateral area of metapleurum punctate bordering
ostiolar surface; hind tibia with longitudinal carinate line posteriorly;
second antennal segment not more than one-third as long as third;
outline (Fig. 185) more oblong than usual in the genus. Subgenotype
Galgupha {Pteronomos) ohlonga sp. nov.

This subgenus differs from all the other divisions of the genus in
having a depressed and flattened, instead of convex area, between
base of cubitus and costa.

Key to the Species.

I. Males 2

Females 7

2. Sixth sternite with a shallow subapical sulcus; hind margin of hypopygium
(Fig. 188) shallowly concave, medially, convex laterally; apex of corium
usually yellowish; tylus with as distinct punctures on posterior as on an-
terior half; vertex not sinuate on sides ruficornis Dallas.

Sixth sternite lacking submarginal sulcus, although the apical margin in some
cases may be microscopically reflexed; hind margin of hypopygium varying
from nearly straight to distinctly convex 3

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 329

3. Tylus with distinct punctures on posterior as well as on anterior half; margin

of vertex decidedly sinuate before eyes 4

Tylus less evidently punctate on posterior than on anterior half; margin of
vertex before eyes varying from slightly concave to convex 5

4. Punctures on posterior part of tylus in a definite median band, paralleled by a

polished vitta on each side; dorsal rim of hypopygium deeply excavated

(Fig. 189) vittifrons sp. nov.

Punctures on posterior part of tylus irregularly arranged, no polished vittae;
dorsal rim of hypopygium shallowly excavated (Fig. 190).

punctifrons sp. nov.

5. Vertex finely and closely punctate laterally; hind margin of hypopygium

regularly convex as seen from below (Fig. 192) china sp. nov.

Vertex more coarsely and irregularly punctate laterally; hind margin of
hypopygium otherwise 6

6. Hind margin of hypopygium almost transverse as seen from below (Fig. 191) ;

apex of corium not distinctly yellow, sometimes brownish, .oblonga sp. nov.
Hind margin of hypopygium slightly concave as seen from below (Fig. 191);
apex of corium conspicuously yellow australis sp. nov.

7. Genital plates much less than half as long as sixth sternite; third segment of

antenna about six times as long as second; vertex shallowly and sparsely

punctate, the tylus practically impunctate amitta sp. nov.

Genital plates at least half as long as sixth sternite; third segment of antenna
not more than four times as long as second; vertex more conspicuously
punctate, the tylus punctate on at least its anterior half 8

8. Genital plates fully two- thirds as long as sixth sternite; vertex closely and

finely punctate china sp. nov.

Genital plates less than two-thirds as long as sixth sternite; vertex rather
coarsely punctate 9

9. Sixth sternite broadly rounded anteriorly (Fig. 187); apex of corium yellow.

ruficornis Dallas.

Sixth sternite more or less angulate anteriorly 10

10. Apex of corium conspicuously yellowish; sixth sternite sharply angulate an-
teriorly, longer than posterior portion of venter australis sp. nov.

Apex of corium usually dark, sometimes inconspicuously yellowish; sixth
sternite subangulate anteriorly, shorter than posterior portion of venter.

oblonga sp. nov.

Systematic Arrangement of the Species.

Vertex less densely punctate posteriorly:

china, oblonga, australis, amitta.

Vertex more densely punctate posteriorly:
vittifrons, punctifrons, ruficornis.

138. Galgupha (Pteronomos) amitta sp. nov.

This is a more robust (4.8 x 3 mm.) species than oblonga. The
description of the latter, however, applies, except that the vertex of

330

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

amitta is produced only about the length of eye beyond anterior
transocular line, and except for differences in genitalia pointed out
in the key. Sixth sternite of female subangulate anteriorly, longer
than the preceding two segments together, which are only slightly con-
stricted medially; genital plates coarsely rugose-punctate, shorter
than the fifth sternite and postventer, and less than half as long as
sixth sternite, inner margins about two-thirds as long as posterior, the
latter slightly concave. Length 4.8 mm.

Holotype female. Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, Jan. 10, 1896,
S. Venturi (Argentine Museum).

139. Galgupha (Pteronomos) australis sp. nov.

Like ohlonga, except as noted in key. Ventral and dorsal views of
male hypopygium as in Fig. 191. Length 3.5 mm.

Holotype male and a//c/y/?c female, Hohenau, Paraguay, H. Taeuber
(Munich Museum); paratype Alemania, Argentina, Reimoser (Vienna
Museum).

140. Galgupha (Pteronomos) china^° sp. nov.

Black; tarsi, antennae, and beak testaceous to subfuscous; sometimes
the basal three segments of antennae are pale, the apical two darker.

Head produced about one and one-half times length of eye beyond
anterior transocular line, front margin low carinate, varying from
almost evenly rounded to slightly emarginate both medially and later-
ally; vertex with numerous coarse punctures, except on upper part of
tylus and posteriorly, where the punctures are small or subobsolete;
puncturing of pronotum coarse laterally, finer or subobsolete else-
where; scutellum copiously punctate peripherally, almost impunctate
discally; mesocorium and veins punctate; stehnites with scattered
coarse punctures, smoother medially than laterally; sternite six of
male angulate anteriorly; fifth and fourth varying in degree of con-
striction medially; ventral exposure of hypopygium (Fig. 192) punc-
tate, hind margin slightly reflexed, evenly convex; dorsal rim (Fig.
192) narrow, widest at lateral angles, abruptly and deeply declivitous
all around; sixth sternite of female less angulate anteriorly than that
of male, sternites five and four distinctly constricted medially;
genital plates densely punctate, three-fourths as long as sixth sternite
and nearly twice as long as postventer; inner margins about four-
fifths as long as posterior, the latter nearly straight, slightly posteriorly
oblique in position. Length 3.5-4 mm.

^°Named for W. E. China of the British Museum, who has assisted us with
notes on various species in connection with this revision, and especially on G.
ruficornis of the present subgenus.

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 331

Holotype male and allotype female, Pachitea, Peru, H. Taeuber
(Munich Museum); paratypes, Sajama, Bolivia, 4000 meters (Munich
Museum); Villa Ana, F. C. S. Fe, Argentina, January, February,
1925, K. J. Hayward (British Museum); Brazil (Stettin Museum).

141. Galgupha (Pteronomos) oblonga sp. nov.

Black, shining, apices of coria sometimes reddish-brown; antennae,
beak, and tarsi testaceous.

Outline as in Fig. 185. Head almost evenly rounded anteriorly,
sometimes slightly emarginate medially or laterally, produced about
one and one-half times length of eye beyond anterior transocular line;
vertex moderately coarse-punctate except posteriorly; pronotum with
a broad band of coarse punctures on each side, more or less rastrate in
transverse impression, but with only traces of puncturing elsewhere;
scutellum numerously punctate, except on anterior disk, which is
practically smooth; mesocorium and veins punctate; sternites coarsely
punctate laterally, a little smoother medially; sixth in male angulate
anteriorly, fifth and fourth a little shorter medially than laterally;
sixth shorter on median line than preceding sternites together; ventral
exposure of hypopygium punctate, almost straight (Fig. 191) on pos-
terior margin, which is slightly reflexed, the lateral angles rounded off;
dorsal rim pale hirsute, narrow anteriorly with a large transversely
elliptical excavation, rather abruptly declivitous both anteriorly and
posteriorly, but gradually sloping from lateral angles; posterior wall
thin, concave within; sixth sternite less angulate anteriorly in female
than in male, and more amply emarginate posteriorly for reception of
the genitalia, about as long as the preceding two sternites together;
genital plates punctate, as long as fifth sternite, more than half as
long as sixth sternite and somewhat exceeding postventer, inner mar-
gins three-fourths as long as posterior, the latter almost straight.
Length 3. 5-4. 5 mm.

Holotype male, Alto Itatiaya, 7100 ft., Brazil, Feb. 21, 1922, E. G.
Holt (McAtee); allotype female, Villarica, Paraguay, P. Jorgensen,
October 1923; paratypes Chapada, Brazil, October (Carnegie Mu-
seum); Paraguay, Dr. Bohls (U. S. N. M.); Florencia, Gran Chaco,
1903; Las Garzas, Santa Fe, 1903; Rio Salado, Santiago del Estero,
1909; all the preceding by E. R. Wagner; Corrientes, D’Orbigny,
1834 (Paris Museum); Gobierno Chaco, Argentina, Nov. 24, 1897,
S. Venturi (Argentine Museum). The last specimen as well as the
type of amitta sp. nov. are labelled Thyreocoris pampeanus Berg, but
we are unable to reconcile the characters of either with the original
description; they are certainly not “ubique grosse denseque” punc-
tate, Hohenau, Paraguay, H. Taeuber (Munich Museum).

332

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

142. Galgupha (Pteronomos) punctifrons sp. nov.

Black (dull in two specimens, shining in one); tarsi, antennae, and
beak testaceous.

Head produced one and one-half times length of eye beyond an-
terior transocular line, front margin reflexed, rounded, slightly
emarginate anteriorly, slightly sinuate laterally; vertex coarsely punc-
tate throughout, punctures a little more widely spaced'; and the
interspaces polished in region of tylus, especially posteriorly; punctur-
ing of remainder of dorsal, and of ventral surface and form of genitalia
from below as in vittiJrons\ dorsal rim of hypopygium, however, only
moderately excavate, widest at, and more gently sloping within,
lateral angles. Ventral and dorsal views of hypopygium as in Fig. 190.
Length 3.5-4 mm.

Ilolotype and paratype males. Colon del Saoram, Sellow (Berlin
Museum); paratype male, Buenos Aires, Signoret Collection (Vienna
Museum).

143. Galgupha (Pteronomos) ruficornis Dallas.

Corimelcena ruficornis Dallas, W. S., List, i, 1851, p. 58 [Colombia].

Black, with aeneous reflections, scutellum posteriorly more brownish;
more or less of the apex of corium usually yellowish; tarsi, antennae,
and beak testaceous or darker.

Head produced somewhat more than length of eye beyond anterior
transocular line; front margin carinate, rounded anteriorly, slightly
emarginate laterally; vertex copiously, coarse-punctate except pos-
teriorly; pronotum with coarse puncturing laterally and also extend-
ing thence more up on the disk than usual, with fine punctures along
anterior margin, almost impunctate elsewhere; corium as in Fig. 186;
mesocorium and veins punctate; sternites numerously punctate later-
ally, broadly smoother medially, especially sixth; the latter in male
angulate anteriorly, fifth and fourth moderately constricted medially;
ventral exposure of hypopygium punctate, hind margin distinctly
reflexed, slightly concave medially, convex laterally (Fig. 188); the
fringe of hair from dorsal surface of hypopygium visible from below is
sometimes matted, the longer hairs at postero-lateral angles giving a
toothed appearance; dorsal rim (Fig. 188) narrow, steeply sloping
from almost the outer margin on all sides, central excavation deep;
sixth sternite of female broadly rounded anteriorly; genital plates as
in Fig. 187. Length 3.5-4 mm.

Holotype female, Magdelena, Colombia, May 6 (British Museum);
males which we hope are properly associated are from Bogota, Lindig
(Stockholm Museum), and Colombia (Paris Museum).

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorinhi. 333

144. Galgupha (Pteronomos) vittifrons sp. nov.

Scutellum mostly fuscous, corium reddish-brown, remaining upper
parts black, tarsi, beak, and antennae testaceous.

Head produced about length of eye beyond anterior transocular line,
front margin reflexed, rounded and a little emarginate medially, dis-
tinctly sinuate laterally; vertex densely punctate everywhere, except
for a polished streak (a little widened posteriorly) on each side of tylus;
pronotum coarsely punctate antero-laterally and about extremities of
transverse impression, finely punctate elsewhere; scutellum copiously
coarse-punctate except on anterior disk, where the punctures are finer
and sparser; mesocorium and veins punctate; lateral area of meta-
pleurum partly faint-punctate; sternites sparsely coarse-punctate
laterally, polished medially; sixth sternite subangulate anteriorly as
long as the preceding three sternites together, the fifth and fourth of
which are distinctly constricted medially; ventral exposure of hypo-
pygium copiously punctate, about as long as fifth sternite medially,
and scarcely one-third as long as sixth, hind margin reflexed, almost
low concave; this and dorsal rim of hypopygium as in Fig. 189. Length
3 mm.

Holotype male, Mendoza, Argentina, Dec. 24, 1904, Jensen-Haarup
(Berlin Museum); paratype male, Bolivia, Signoret Collection (Vienna
Museum).

Subgenus Charoda^^ new subgenus.

Principal characters: Corium (Fig. 58) pointed apically, exocorial
vein not distinctly furcate, the remnant of inner branch paralleling
cubitus posteriorly, the outer branch represented by a series of faint
punctures, mesocorium without vein; hind tibia with carinate line;
second antennal segment almost as long as third. Subgenotype,
Galgupha ( Charoda) simplex sp. nov.

145. Galgupha (Charoda) simplex sp. nov.

Black; tarsi, beak, and antennae testaceous.

Outline of head and pronotum as in Fig. 193. Head produced about
length of eye beyond anterior transocular line; front margin distinctly
carinate, concave-truncate medially, sinuate to eyes, where the
margin distinctly protrudes beyond line of eyes; vertex depressed
subapically, coarsely punctate, except posteriorly. Pronotum
shouldered anteriorly so that lateral margins are subparallel; punc-
tate throughout, most coarsely so antero-laterally, obsoletely so dis-
cally, punctures in extremities of transverse impression more or less
rastrate; scutellum copiously punctate, the punctures shallowest on

^^Named for Charles Robert Darwin.

334

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

anterior disk; corium as in Fig. 58; mesocorium and veins lightly
punctate; lateral area of metapleurum impunctate; fore femur as in
Fig. 194; sternites numerously punctate, somewhat smoother medi-
ally; sixth sternite of male subangulate anteriorly, as long as the pre-
ceding three sternites together, each of which is moderately con-
stricted medially; ventral exposure of male hypopygium, large,
semicircular, nearly flat, and almost vertical in position, sparsely
punctate, and with undulating transverse wrinkles, hind margin
distinctly round-carinate, shallowly concave just at middle; dorsal rim
widest at lateral angles, smoothly rounded, anterior rim with a trans-
verse crescentic carina, hind wall thin, central depression, abrupt,
deep, hoof-shaped; sternites of female more coarsely punctate than in
male, but smooth medially; sixth subangulate anteriorly, about as
long as the preceding two sternites together, each of which (as well as
sternite three) is moderately constricted medially, and slightly sub-
angulate on anterior margin; genital plates punctate, more than half
as long as sixth sternite, and about equal in length to postventer;
inner margins slightly elevated, about two-thirds as long as posterior,
which are nearly straight and transverse. Length 3-3.5 mm.

Ilolotype male, allotype, and paratype females. Chili, Gay (Paris
Museum); paratype female, Valparaiso, Chili, Charles Darwin (British
Museum); Brazil, “Alte Sammlung” [locality wrong?] (Hamburg
Museum).

Subgenus Acritophleps McAtee and Malloch.

Acritophleps McAtee, W. L., and Malloch, J. R., Ann. Mus. Zool. Poland, VII,
1928, p. 37 [Subgenotype Galgupha {Acritophleps) luteomar ginata sp. nov.].

Principal characters: Corium (Fig. 59) pointed apically, exocorial
\ein not distinctly furcate, mesocorium with a vein (punctate line)
paralleling scutellum, approaching cubitus and paralleling it pos-
teriorly; hind tibia terete, without carinate line.

146. Galgupha (Acritophleps) luteomarginata McAtee and Malloch.

Galgupha {Acritophleps) luteomarginata McAtee, W. L., and Malloch, J. R., loc.
supra cit., pp. 37-38 [Brazil, Bolivia].

/Eneous black, shining; corium castaneous to black; front margin
of head, medially, costa (except carina), narrow hind margin of scutel-
lum, connexivLim, and legs from knees, luteous; antennae and beak,
testaceous.

Head broadly rounded anteriorly, more or less truncate medially,
produced about one and one-half times length of eye beyond anterior
transocular line; vertex carinate-margined, copiously and coarsely
punctate, except on narrow occipital strip; pronotum and scutellum
copiously punctate with coarse punctures laterally and finer ones

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 335

discally; lateral area of metapleurum with a few punctures along inner
side; corium as in Fig. 59; venter sparsely, but coarsely, punctate;
sternite six angulate anteriorly in both sexes, acuminate in male, con-
stricting sternite five medially to half its lateral length, fourth slightly
constricted; ventral exposure of male hypopygium punctate, hind
margin, slightly convex medially, concave each side (Fig. 195);
dorsal rim thrice as broad laterally as either anteriorly or posteriorly,
shallowly basined; genital plates of female longer than that portion of
venter posterior to them, longer on posterior than on inner margins,
the former concave, the inner posterior angles appearing somewhat
produced. Length 2.75-3 mm.

Ilolotype male, Marechal Mallet, Parana, Brazil, Jan. 18, 1922;
allotype female, same locality, Jan. 20, 1922; paratypes same date as
for preceding, also same locality, Jan. 19, 1922, and Cara Pintada,
Parana, Brazil, May 20, 1922 (Polish Museum); between Quebus and
Lafayette, Plateau de Mantequeira, Minas Geraes, Brazil, E. R.
Wagner; Cochabamba, Bolivia, Germain (Paris Museum).

Subgenus Astiroderma Horvath.

Astiroderma Horvath, G., Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., XVII, 1919, p. 215 [Genotype
Scutellera albipennis Eschscholtzj.

Principal characters: Corium (Fig. 60) pointed, not costate, exo-
corial vein indistinct basally, represented by faint punctures, but evi-
dently furcate, the branches connate apically, mesocorium without
veins; lateral area of metapleurum scarcely punctate; hind tibia
without carinate line.

Very similar to the subgenus Psestophleps, differing mainly in the
lack of the hind tibial carina; outline from above as in Fig. 186. Sub-
genotype Galgnpha {Astiroderma) albipennis Eschscholtz.

Key to the Species.

1. Males 2

Females 3

2. Dorsal rim of hypopygium with three small elevations on central portion of

anterior margin, the middle one armed with a number of short spines, the

laterals fine-haired (Fig. 198) albipennis Fschscholtz.

Dorsal rim of hypopygium with a broad flat elevation on central portion of
anterior margin which is entirely covered with fine hairs (Fig. 199).

breddini sp. nov.

3. Ventral outline conspicuously undulated (Fig. 200); genital plates less than

half as long as wide, shorter than postventer albipennis Fschscholtz.

Ventral outline not noticeably undulated (Fig. 201) ; genital plates half as long
as wide, equal to postventer breddini sp. nov.

336

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Systematic Arrangement of the Species.
The reverse of that in the key.

147. Galgupha (Astiroderma) albipennis Eschscholtz.

Scutellera albipennis Eschscholtz, J. F., Entomographien, i, 1822, pp. 103-104
[Concepcion, Chile].

Odontoscelis marginipennis [Spinola, M.], in Gay, C., Historia fisica y politica de
Chile, Z06I. VII, 1852, p. 117 [Santiago, Concepcion, and various parts of the
republic].

The oblong form with bluntly rounded extremities (Fig. 196), the
shining piceous color, and pale exocorium (sometimes mesocorium in
part) are characteristic; tarsi, beak, and antennae testaceous.

Head produced about one to one and one-half times length of eye
beyond anterior transocular line; front margin low-ref lexed, varying
from almost evenly rounded to more or less truncate medially, and
straightish or subsinuate laterally; vertex copiously punctate, except
posteriorly; pronotum coarsely punctate laterally, more or less rastrate
in transverse impression, finely punctate elsewhere; scutellum copi-
ously punctate peripherally, finely so even on anterior disk, more or
less rugulose on declivity; mesocorium and veins punctate; outline
of abdomen from side as in Fig. 200; sternites numerously punctate,
sixth subangulate anteriorly in both sexes, sternites five to three each
somewhat constricted medially, and with a slight secondary emargina-
tion anteriorly, paralleling angulation of sixth; the median area trans-
versing these emarginations is almost impunctate, and usually also
more or less flattened or depressed; ventral exposure of male hypo-
pygium punctate throughout, hind margin slightly reflexed, and
moderately, almost evenly convex as seen from below; dorsal rim
broad and sloping from lateral angles, narrow and declivitous an-
teriorly where there are a median and two nearby flanking, rounded,
elevations (Fig. 198); genital plates of female, punctate, short only
about one-fourth as long as sixth sternite, and distinctly shorter than
postventer, inner margins less than half as long as posterior, the
latter concave, but transverse in position; genital, scarcely exceeding
in area the subgenital, plates (Fig. 197). Length 3.5-4 mm.

Key to the Subspecies.

I. Mesocorium dark like the clavus, only the exocorium pale (Fig. 60); known

range from Chili, north and east albipennis Eschscholtz.

Mesocorium (in addition to exocorium) in part or wholly pale; known range
southern Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina ampliata subsp. nov.

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin/e. 337

147a. Galgupha (Astiro derma) albipennis

subspecies albipennis Eschscholtz.

Bibliographic reference as under the species.

Chile, Uhler Collection (U. S. N. M.); Chile, Gay; Guiana, Leprieur
(Paris Museum) ; Concepcion, Chile, Feb. 10, 1904, P. Herbst (Deutsches
Ent. Inst.); Chile, Phillipi (Berlin Museum) ; Cayenne, Deyroll (Leiden
Museum); Guatemala (Berlin Museum); Chile (Stettin Museum);
Valparaiso, Chile, 1921, 1923, R. Martin; Province of Aconcagua,
Chile, Jose N. Thomas (Paris Museum); Valparaiso, Chile, C. Darwin
(British Museum).

147b. Galgupha (Astiroderma) albipennis

subspecies ampliata subsp. nov.

Brazil, Barreto, 1840 (Paris Museum); Bahia, Brazil; Province of
Buenos Aires, Argentina, Jan. i, 4, Nov. 6, 1896, Nov. 8, 1898, S.
Venturi; Bahia Blanca (Argentine Museum); Lavalle, Ajo, Buenos
Aires, Nov. 9, 1920, Alexander Wetmore (U. S. N. M.); Montevideo,
Uruguay (Carnegie Museum); Brazil, Sellow (Berlin Museum); La
Plata City, Argentina, May 30, 1896, Oldfield Thomas (British
Museum).

148. Galgupha (Astiroderma) breddini sp. nov.

Like albipennis, except as noted in key and as follows; exposed
corium pale except for disk of mesocorium and a streak along inner
margin of cubital vein posteriorly, which are fuscous; outline of abdo-
men from side as in Fig. 201 ; ventral exposure of male hypopygium
shorter, transversely channeled; dorsal rim almost as declivitous at
lateral angles as antero-laterally, middle portion of anterior rim less
declivitous forming a broad bridge to central disk, coarsely punctate
(Fig. 199); genital plates of female punctate, about one-third as long
as sixth sternite, and nearly as long as postventer, inner margins about
half as long as posterior, the latter straight and transverse. Length
3. 5-4.5 mm.

Holotype male, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, Breddin Collection
(Deutsches Ent. Inst.); Rio Grande, January 1907, Ohaus (Dresden
Museum).

338

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Genus CYDNOIDES Malloch.

Cydnoides Malloch, J. R., in Hart, C. A., The Pentatomoidea of Illinois with Keys

to the Nearctic Genera, Bull. 111., State Nat. Hist. Survey, Vol. XHI, art. 7,

June 1919, p. 208 (Genotype, CorimelcBna ciliata Uhler).

Principal characters: Spiracles nearer to the trichobothria than to
the lateral margins of the sternites (Fig. 202); sternites with two or
more moderately strong long bristles laterad of the trichobothria
(Fig. 202) ; corium (Fig. 61) rounded or subacute at apex; mesocorium
without a vein; sides of pronotum and the costa with long fine bristles
(Fig. 61); lateral area of metapleurum punctate on inner margin;
prothorax not gibbous in front.

We have divided the available material of this genus into sub-
genera as shown in the appended key. Unfortunately the South
American species are represented in two cases by single examples and
in a third by only two specimens; it is highly probably, however, that
with careful collecting some of these will be found in greater num-
bers, as the fourth species is represented by a number of specimens.
Only one of the North American species has been found east of the
Alississippi River and that not north of North Carolina. In our ex-
perience the species occur usually in sandy regions and in such situa-
tions they frequently burrow at the roots of plants.

Key to the Subgenera.

I. Hind tibia without a carinate line on posterior surface; exposed corium about as
wide at apex as at base Sayocoris subgen. nov.

Hind tibia with a definite carinate line on posterior surface; exposed corium

not nearly as wide at apex as at base (Fig. 61) 2

2 Prosternal sulcus shallow, much widened in front; corium rounded at apex.

Cydnoides Malloch.

Prosternal sulcus deep, the sides much elevated and not, or very slightly diver-
gent in front; corium subacute at apex (Fig. 61).

Cosmarioides subgen. nov.

Subgenus Cydnoides Malloch.

Bibliographical reference as under the genus.

Principal characters: As given in the key to subgenera, and in
addition with the mesopleurum with its outer posterior angle opaque,
an oblique glossy stripe extending from anterior lateral angle backward
in line with the elongate metapleural ostiolar canal, which reaches to
the anterior edge of metapleurum, the two forming a continuous
glossy stripe. Subgenotype: Cydnoides {Cydnoides) ciliatus Uhler.

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocokin^. 339

Key to the Species.

1. Corium entirely fuscous to black, no part whitish; hind tibia with at least five

posterodorsal bristles ciliatus Uhler.

Corium partly white or cream-colored; hind tibia with not more than four
posterodorsal bristles 2

2. Corium immaculate cream-colored, except on inner margin near middle, where

there is a fuscous mark; clavus fuscous on inner margin only; scutellum in

profile evenly rounded subapically confusus sp. nov.

Corium cream-colored basally, fuscous apically, the intermediate area some-
times with dark punctures; clavus entirely fuscous; scutellum rather angu-
larly declivitous subapically renormatus Uhler.

Systematic Arrangement of the Species.

Same sequence as in the key.

149. Cydnoides (Cydnoides) ciliatus Uhler.

C{orimelcBna) ciliata Uhler, P. R., Hemipterological Contributions, No. i, Proc.

Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, September, 1863, pp. 156-157 [San Francisco].
C{orimelcena) ciliata Uhler, P. R., List of Hemiptera of the Region West of the
Mississippi River, Including those Collected during the Hayden Explorations
of 1873, U. S. Geol. and Geogr. Survey Terr., Second Series 1876, Bui. No. 5,
Article V, p. 270 [California. Oregon].

Key to the Subspecies.

I. Dorsum of thorax and scutellum more or less rastrate, these two sclerites when
viewed from the side, forming an almost evenly curved outline, never more
than slightlj^ depressed at their juncture; color usually metallic greenish

or bluish orientis subsp. nov.

Dorsum of thorax and scutellum usually not rastrate, the two, when viewed
from the side, usually showing a deep depression at their juncture; color
castaneous to black usually without decided metallic reflections.

ciliatus Uhler.

149a. Cydnoides (Cydnoides) ciliatus, subsp. ciliatus Uhler.
Bibliographic reference as under the species.

Color as noted in key and as modified here; the corium, and margins
of pronotum and head even in black specimens are reddish brown;
underside castaneous, some times darker; tarsi, beak, and antenna^
testaceous to castaneous.

Head produced about one and one-half times length of eye beyond
anterior transocular line; front margin varying from almost evenly
rounded to more or less truncate medially and sinuate laterally; vertex

340

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

coarsely round-punctate in irregular oblique rows, except for a quad-
rilobate posterior strip (as described for albipennis) ; pronotum punc-
tate everywhere, except callosities, coarsely round-punctate laterally,
more or less rastrate in transverse impression, finely round-punctate
elsewhere; scutellum numerously punctate throughout, most coarsely
so antero-laterally, most finely so on anterior disk; pronotum and
scutellum typically without transverse wrinkles; corium punctate;
venter, polished, rather lightly and sparsely punctate, broadly smooth
medially; sixth sternite broadly subangulate anteriorly and less dis-
tinctly so laterally, convex in middle posteriorly in both sexes; ster-
nites five and four distinctly constricted in female, but only slightly
so in male; ventral exposure of hypopygium coarsely punctate, slightly
channeled transversely, hind margin distinctly reflexed, slightly con-
cave medially, convex laterally; dorsal rim moderately sloping all
around, widest laterally, but almost as wide posteriorly as anteriorly;
internal genitalia as in Figs. 35, 36; genital plates of female punctate,
about one-half as long as sixth sternite and as long as postventer, inner
margins slightly elevated, two-thirds as long as posterior, the latter
nearly straight and slightly oblique. Length 4-5 mm.

In the Uhler collection only one specimen, a male, bears the label
“St. Fran,” and this, supposedly is the holotype (U. S. N. M.); other
specimens examined are from Oregon, California, southwestern
Mexico; Las Cruz (Mexico?), Thieme (Berlin Museum); Nevada,
New Mexico, and Utah.

149b. Cydnoides (Cydnoides) ciliatus subsp. orientis subsp. nov.

Differing from ciliatus as noted in key; color fuscous to piceous, most
often, however, distinctly metallic bluish or greenish, the corium
usually, more fuscous, the veins showing a testaceous cast; underside,
and legs chiefly castaneous; antennae and beak, chiefly, and tarsi
testaceous.

More copiously and more decidedly punctate than ciliatus, the
posterior half of pronotum and declivity of scutellum distinctly
rastrate; pronotum usually with one or two transverse wrinkles an-
terior to the callosities and three or four posterior to them; scutellum
also with indistinct transverse wrinkles. Length 4-4.5 mm.

Holotype male, Miami Beach, Fla., May 1922, H. R. Bailey; para-
types-, Lake Worth, Fla., N. C., Mineola, Tex., July 19, 1906, Bishopp
and Homes (U. S. N. M.); Scott Co.. Minn., July 29, 1923, C. E.
Mickel (Knight); Garden City, Kansas, June 1896, N. W. Menke
(Iowa State College); Miami, Fla., Sept. 23, 1913, Wm. T. Davis
(Barber); specimens from Missouri, Nebraska, and Colorado (U. S.
N. M.) are intermediate.

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 341

150. Cydnoides (Cydnoides) confusus sp. nov.

Ground-color changing from black anteriorly to yellowish brown
posteriorly, greenish reflections most decided on head, gradually
reducing posteriorly, and disappearing on base of scutellum; corium
whitish and a fuscous mark between cubitus and scutellum posteriorly;
underside castaneous; sternites with pale lateral spots; legs from knees,
and beak and antennae, testaceous.

Head produced about length of eye beyond anterior transocular
line; front margin distinctly reflexed, subtruncate medially, subsinuate
laterally, vertex coarsely, almost contiguously punctate except on
occipital strip; pronotum punctate everywhere except on and about
callosities, punctures coarse and round antero-laterally, coarse and
rastrate in ends of transverse impression, finer elsewhere; scutellum
with numerous fine punctures throughout, those in antero-lateral
angles coarse; corium moderately punctate; venter polished, sparsely
punctate laterally, almost impunctate medially; sixth sternite rounded
anteriorly, with no more than faint suggestions of subangulations,
slightly convex in middle posteriorly, as long as the preceding two
sternites combined, each of which is moderately constricted medially;
genital plates coarsely but shallowly punctate, two-thirds as long as
sixth sternite, longer than postventer, inner margins three-fourths as
long as posterior, the latter nearly straight, and slightly oblique.
Length 4 mm.

Holotype female, Mesilla Park, New Mexico, April 28, amongst
Euphorbia, Cockerell; paratype female. Ft. Yuma, Arizona, H. G.
Hubbard (U. S. N. M.); Colima, Mexico (Mex. Dept. Agr.); Texas
(U. S. N. M.).

1 51. Cydnoides (Cydnoides) renormatus Uhler.

Corimelcena renormata Uhler, P. R., in Gillette, C. P. and Baker, C. F., A Pre-
liminary List of the Hemiptera of Colorado, Bull. No. 31 (Tech. Ser. No. i),

Colo. Agr. Exp. Sta., 1895, p. ii [Rist Canon, Colorado].

General color shining brownish-black, varying from reddish-brown
posteriorly to piceous anteriorly; corium with a yellowish basal mark,
not involving clavus, which in general extends over about one-third
length of corium but is more or less trifurcate produced posteriorly,
the costal branch sometimes traversing the entire costa; venter dark
and legs paler castaneous, sternites slightly paler laterally; tarsi, beak,
and antennae stramineous.

Head produced about length of eye beyond anterior transocular line
in female, somewhat more so in male; front margin distinctly reflexed,
varying from narrowly rounded to more or less truncate or even con-
cave medially, and more or less sinuate laterally; vertex numerously
and coarsely punctate except on tylus posteriorly and on occipital

342

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

strip, where the punctures are sparse or lacking; pronotum numer-
ously punctate except about callosities, the punctures largest antero-
laterally and in ends of transverse impression, where more or less
rastrate; scutellum numerously and almost uniformly punctate
(punctures somewhat more emphasized in antero-lateral angles);
corium moderately punctate, tending to be smooth bordering scutellum ;
venter moderately punctate laterally with a broad smooth median area
which is almost impunctate; sixth sternite subangulate in middle
anteriorly in both sexes, and with suggestions of lateral subangulations;
fifth and fourth sternites moderately constricted medially; ventral
exposure of male hypopygium, punctate, hind margin distinctly re-
reflexed, shallowly concave-emarginate on the middle, nearly straight
on the lateral, thirds, junctures of the portions subangulate; dorsal
rim broadest laterally, nearly flat, central depression small, shallow,
hind wall, thin, steep, depressed medially; genital plates of female
punctate, two-thirds as long as sixth sternite, longer than postventer,
inner margins two-thirds as long as posterior, the latter nearly straight,
but slightly oblique in position. Length 3.25-4.25 mm.

Two females labelled Colo. 1858, and 2024, one of which probably is
the holotype] a male labelled Colo. 1858, and another from Arizona,
Cornell University Lot. No. 34; Torrance Co., N. Mexico, J. R.
Douglass; Alamo Alto Sta., Texas, Aug. 22, 1930 (U. S. N. M.) ; Denver,
Colo., July, (Barber); Lake Moraine, Pike’s Peak, Colo., 10,000 ft.,
July 26, 1906, P. P. Calvert (Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.).

Sayocoris Subgen. nov.

This subgenus is similar to Cydnoides in all characters, except that
it lacks the hind tibial carina, and the apex of the corium is rather more
bluntly rounded. Subgenotype, Thyreocoris alhipennis Say.

Key to the Species.

1. Pronotum pale yellow on lateral margins, the anterior discal part varying from

yellowish brown to piceous, posterior margin and scutellum testaceous.

albipennis (Say).

Pronotum dark on lateral margins, the disc and scutellum testaceous to pice-
ous 2

2. Form more narrowed anteriorly; head produced about one and one-half the

length of eye beyond anterior transocular line; hind margins of genital plates
almost straight and transverse; general color above piceous.

peregrinus sp. nov.

Form less narrowed anteriorly; head produced about the length of eye beyond
anterior transocular line; hind margins of genital plates more or less concave
and oblicpie; color above piceous anteriorly, castaneous or paler posteriorly.

obtusus (Uhler).

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 343

Systematic Arrangement of the Species.
The same as in the key.

152. Cydnoides (Sayocoris) albipennis (Say).

T[hyreocoris\ albipennis Say, Thomas, Descriptions of New Species of Heterop-
terous Hemiptera of North America, 1831, Complete Writings, 1859, Vol. i, p.
31 1 [Missouri River].

Corimelcena sayi Van Duzee, E. P., Annotated List of the Pentatomidae Recorded
from America North of Mexico, with Descriptions of Some New Species, Trans.
Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XXX, No. i, 1904, p. 10 [New name for Thyreocoris albi-
pennis Say supposed to be, but obviously not, preoccupied by Scutellera albi-
pennis Eschscholtz, originally described in, and now assigned to a different
genus].

Head, anterior half of pronotum discally, and anterior disk of
scutellum fuscous, deepest on head; pronotum just behind transverse
impression, and most of scutellum, pale yellowish; broad lateral mar-
gins and hind margin medially, of pronotum, and corium, except for
a reddish to fuscous mark along cubitus, posteriorly, pale flesh-color
(livid) to stramineous; venter and legs to knees castaneous; sternites
with pale lateral semicircular spots; tibiae, tarsi, antennae, and beak,
stramineous to testaceous.

Head produced about one and one-half times length of eye beyond
anterior transocular line, front margin distinctly reflexed, subtruncate
medially, subsinuate laterally; vertex coarsely reticulate-punctate,
except on tylus posteriorly, and an occipital strip which is quadrilobate
anteriorly, one to be along each eye, and one each side of median line;
IDronotum coarsely punctate laterally, coarsely rastrate in transverse
impression except medially, sparingly punctate anteriorly except for
callosities, almost impunctate on posterior disk; scutellum numerously
punctate, the punctures most deeply impressed antero-laterally, least
so on anterior disk which is almost smooth; corium moderately punc-
tate; sternites moderately punctate laterally, broadly smooth medially;
fore margin of sixth bluntly subangulate medially and laterally, and
hind margin slightly convex in middle, as long as the preceding two
sternites together, neither of which is much constricted medially;
ventral exposure of hypopygium almost impunctate, hind margin dis-
tinctly reflexed, concave medially, convex laterally; dorsal rim widest
laterally and almost flat all around anteriorly between lateral angles,
hind wall narrow, depressed medially to level of central disk, central
basin, small, shallow; internal genitalia as in Figs. 37, 38; genital
plates of female, punctate, about half as long as sixth sternite, and a
little longer than postventer, inner margins two-thirds as long as pos-
terior, the latter somewhat sinuate, but nearly transverse in position;
genitalia of female in expanded condition. Fig. 16. Length 3.5-4 mm.

344

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Fort Collins, Colo., on Glycyrrhiza lepidota, Aug. ii, 1892, C. F.
Baker (this is the specimen determined as CorimelcBna renormata by
Van Duzee, 0/). cit.) \ Clark County, Kansas, March 2, 1922, Aug. 7,
1904, E. A. Popenoe (U. S. N. M.); Wray, Colo., Aug. 4, 1925,
H. H. Knight (Knight Collection); C. J. Drake (Iowa State College).

153. Cydnoides (Sayocoris) obtusus Uhler.

CorimelcBna obtusa Uhler, P. R., Observations upon the Heteropterous Hemiptera

of Lower California, with Descriptions of New Species, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci.,

Ser. 2, Vol. IV, June 1894, pp. 225-226 [San Jorge, L. California].

Color above merging from yellowish-brown posteriorly to fusco-
castaneous on head; corium to claval suture stramineous with a
fuscous blotch between cubitus and scutellum posteriorly; venter
castaneous, with indistinct pale lateral spots on sternites; tibiae and
tarsi stramineous, legs otherwise, antennae, and beak, testaceous.

Form and sculpturing above as described for peregrinus, but punc-
tures not so conspicuous on pronotum and scutellum; venter polished,
only sparsely punctate laterally, broadly smooth (almost impunctate)
medially; sixth sternite broadly rounded anteriorly, about as long as
the preceding two sternites together, each of which is noticeably con-
stricted medially; genital plates punctate, about two-thirds as long as
sixth sternite. Length 3.5 mm.

San Jorge, L. Calif., March 1889, Chas. D. Haines (U. S. N. M.).
This specimen, one of two from which the original description was
drawn, may be regarded as a neotype, since the holotype in the
California Academy of Sciences was destroyed in the catastrophe of
1906.

154. Cydnoides (Sayocoris) peregrinus sp. nov.

Black verging to fuscous on posterior part of scutellum; corium pale
yellowish with a fuscous mark posteriorly between cubitus and scutel-
lum; venter castaneous, large lateral spots on sternites, and con-
nexivum yellow; tibiae and tarsi stramineous; antennae and beak
testaceous.

Both pronotum and head more narrowed anteriorly than in ohtusus\
front margin of head distinctly reflexed, narrowly rounded medially,
subsinuate laterally; vertex coarsely punctate in irregular transverse
rows, except on occipital strip; pronotum more or less punctate every-
where except about callosities and humeral prominences, coarsely
round-punctate antero-laterally, rastrate in transverse impression,
less decidedly punctate elsewhere; pronotum numerously punctate,
showing some tendency to rastration, punctures deepest in antero-
lateral angles, and, what is unusual, more pronounced on anterior

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 345

disk than on declivity; mesocorium and veins punctate; venter sparsely
punctate laterally, broadly smooth medially, sixth sternite broadly
rounded (with hints of median and lateral subangulations) anteriorly,
fifth and fourth slightly constricted medially; genital plates punctate,
two-thirds as long as sixth sternite, a little longer than postventer;
inner margins about two-thirds as long as posterior. Length 3 mm.

Holotype female. Lower California, S. Beyer (Barber Collection).

Subgenus Cosmarioides subgen. nov.

Principal characters: as noted in the key to subgenera. Subgeno-
type: Cydnoides {Cosmarioides) setiventris sp. nov.

Key to the Species.

1. Abdomen with a transverse series of erect bristly hairs on each sternite from

second to fifth inclusive, subgenital plates of female more or less angulate
on apical margins (Fig. 202) ; mid and hind coxa? separated by a space less
than half the width of one coxal cavity setiventris sp. nov.

Abdomen without transverse series of hairs on sternites two to five, the erect
hairs confined to lateral margins 2

2. Mid and hind coxae separated by a space fully as wide as either coxal cavity;

dorsum but slightly shining, margin of head straight for a short distance
in front of each eye reticulatus sp. nov.

Mid and hind coxae separated by a space not as wide as either coxal cavity;
dorsum glossy; margin of head almost evenly rounded from front of eye.

nitens sp. nov.

Systematic Arrangement of the Species.

The reverse of that in the key.

155. Cydnoides (Cosmarioides) nitens sp. nov.

Anterior half of pronotum and head castaneo-piceous, posterior parts
of pronotum and scutellum castaneous; corium, except clavus, yellow-
ish; underparts castaneous; beak and antennae stramineous.

Head produced one and one-half times length of eye beyond anterior
transocular line, rounded anteriorly; vertex densely coarse-punctate
except on occipital strip; pronotum rather numerously and coarsely
punctate throughout except for callosities, punctures deepest antero-
laterally, rastrate in transverse impression; scutellum copiously
punctate, but little smoother on anterior disk, punctures deepest in
antero-lateral angles; corium sparsely punctate; venter numerously
punctate laterally, broadly smoother medially; sixth sternite angulate
anteriorly, with a conspicuous pit just within the angulation; ventral
exposure of hypopygium ample, polished, sparsely punctate, hind

346

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

margin distinctly reflexed, evenly convex from side to side; dorsal
rim nearly flat, widest laterally, interior basin small, shallow, hind
wall most sloping of all. Length 3 mm.

Holotype male Binto, Pernambuco Province, Brazil (U. S. N. M.).

156. Cydnoides (Cosmarioides) reticulatus sp. nov.

Dull black, brownish from middle of pronotum posteriorly in female;
corium (but not clavus) pale yellowish, with more or less brownish
suffusion at base, and about apex of cubital vein; in male a brownish
transverse band at this point; underside castaneous to black, tarsi,
beak, and antennae stramineous.

Head produced about one and one-half times length of eye beyond
anterior transocular line, front margin reflexed, distinctly produced
beyond anterior margin of eye, rounded medially, slightly sinuate lat-
erally; vertex coarsely reticulate-punctate, except on occipital strip;
pronotum punctate throughout, except for small areas at the cal-
losities, reticulate-punctate antero-laterally, more shallowly so else-
where; scutellum copiously coarse-punctate throughout in male, the
punctures a little shallower on anterior disk; in female the puncturing
of this sclerite is less marked, the anterior disk having only fine punc-
tures; surface between coarse punctures in both sexes itself finely
reticulate; mesocorium and veins sparsely punctate; venter numerously
punctate laterally, broadly smoother medially; sixth sternite of male
subangulate anteriorly, as long as all the preceding sternites together,
of which third to fifth are distinctly constricted medially; ventral
exposure of hypopygium ample, sparsely punctate, slightly channeled
transversely, hind margin slightly reflexed, convex as viewed from be-
low; dorsal rim nearly flat, distinctly broadest at lateral angles, in-
terior basin, small, shallow, hind wall moderately declivate; sixth
sternite of female broadly rounded anteriorly, longer than all the pre-
ceding sternites together, each of which is distinctly constricted medi-
ally, fifth and fourth to less than half their lateral length; genital plates
punctate, less than half as long as sixth sternite, about equal in length
to postventer, inner margins a little more than half length of posterior,
the latter slightly concave but transverse in position. Length 3 mm.

Holotype male and allotype female, Chapada, Brazil, May and
September respectively (Carnegie Museum).

157. Cydnoides (Cosmarioides) setiventris sp. nov.

Head, pronotum, clavus, and anterior part of scutellum piceous;
posterior part of scutellum fuscous; corium cream-colored, lateral
Carina piceous, and a stripe along cubital vein posteriorly brownish;
underside and legs castaneous; tarsi, antennae, and beak testaceous.

Head produced about one and one-half times length of eye beyond
anterior transocular line; front margin distinctly reflexed, produced

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 347

anteriorly beyond fore edge of eye, rounded medially, slightly sinuate
laterally; vertex coarsely punctate, except for a considerable area from
back of tylus posteriorly, which like the remainder of dorsal surface
(between large punctures) is finely reticulate; pronotum with large
callosities smooth, copiously punctate elsewhere, the part behind
transverse impression conspicuously rastrate; scutellum numerously
punctate throughout, punctures fewer on anterior disk, but even this
part due to combination of puncturing and shagreening appears
rugulose (an unusual condition throughout the whole subfamily);
corium as in Fig. 6i ; mesocorium sparsely and veins more densely
punctate; venter polished, sparsely punctate laterally, broadly smooth
medially; sixth sternite of male less broadly rounded than in female,
nearly as long as all the preceding sternites together, of which third to
fifth are distinctly constricted medially, although fourth to fifth are
not so much constricted as in female; ventral exposure of hypopygium
large, sparsely punctate, transversely channeled, hind margin, slightly
reflexed, almost evenly convex; dorsal rim nearly flat, distinctly widest
at lateral angles which are a little beveled off exteriorly, interior basin
of moderate width and depth, hind wall declivate at angle of about
45°; sixth sternite (Fig. 202) of female broadly rounded anteriorly,
as long as the preceding three sternites together, each of which is
conspicuously constricted medially; genital plates punctate, large,
about three-fourths as long as sixth sternite and equal to postventer,
inner margins about two-thirds as long as posterior, the latter slightly
convex posteriorly and oblique (the inner ends anterior), both unusual
characters; subgenital plates, large, subangulate posteriorly. Length
3-5-3-75 mm.

Holotype female, Sapucay, Paraguay, March, W. T. Foster; para-
type female, Lagnnillas, Dep. Sta. Cruz, Bolivia, G. L. Harrington
(U. S. N. M.); allotype male, paratypes, and a nymph, Paraguay,
Feb. 20, K. Fiebrig (Berlin Museum); San Bernardino, Paraguay
(Vienna Museum).

Genus ALKINDUS Distant.

Alkindus Distant, W. L., Biologia Centrali- Americana, Insecta, Rhynchota,
Heteroptera, I, Suppl. p. 309, PI. 30, fig. 2, 1889 [Monobasic, genotype A.
atratus sp. nov., Panama].

Principal characters: Spiracles nearer to the trichobothria than to
the lateral margins of sternites; sternites with one or more strong
bristles laterad of the trichobothria; metapleurum with lateral area
impunctate; prothorax not gibbous anteriorly; hind tibia flattened
dorsally, lacking carinate line on posterior surface; ocelli about
equidistant from eyes and middle of vertex (Fig. 204).

It may also be noted that the genotype has the scutellum, when seen
in profile, very evenly rounded. The area between the exocorial vein

348

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

and the costa is gradually elevated to inner edge, which is rather
sharp, causing the depressed exocorial vein to be much deeper than in
the genus Galgupha. This last feature is met with, however, in the
subgenus Ctenopoda also, but in less pronounced form.

Key to the Species.

I. Smaller (4 mm.) ; subcostal smooth area of corium broader throughout, and dis-
tinctly widened medially, the branches of exocorial vein more crowded to-
gether and subparallel; ocelli about equidistant from middle of vertex and
from eyes crassicosta Horvath.

Larger (4. 5-5. 5 mm.); subcostal area of corium (Fig. 62) narrower, parallel-
sided, branches of exocorial vein divergent in middle part of their course;
ocelli nearer middle of vertex than to eyes (Fig. 204) atratus Distant.

Systematic Arrangement of the Species.
Same as in the key.

158. Alkindus atratus Distant.

Bibliographic reference as under genus.

Black, shining; tarsi, antennae, and beak testaceous.

Head (Fig. 204) produced about one to one and a half times length
of eye beyond anterior transocular line; front margin reflexed, convex,
more or less emarginate medially; vertex coarsely punctate in irregular
oblique rows, tylus and occipital strip nearly smooth; pronotum
coarsely punctate antero-laterally, only finely or subobsoletely so
elsewhere; scutellum numerously punctate peripherally, nearly smooth
on anterior disk; corium as in Fig. 62; clavus and corium coarsely
punctate; lateral area of metapleurum large, with slightly impressed
longitudinal lines, but scarcely punctate; metasternum as in Fig. 203;
sternites copiously punctate, broadly smoother medially, sixth broadly
rounded anteriorly in female, narrowly rounded in male, all preceding
sternites distinctly constricted medially, fifth and fourth to half their
length at sides; sixth sternite of male longer than all preceding sternites
together; ventral exposure of male hypopygium (Fig. 205) definitely
punctate laterally, smoother discally, hind margin, not at all reflexed,
with two lateral oblique emarginations, and two submedian less
oblique ones, leaving three prominences of which the median is slightly
concave apically, and the lateral ones obliquely truncate; dorsal rim
narrow anteriorly, somewhat broader laterally and moderately slop-
ing extrorsely (the reverse of what is usual in the subfamily), with thin
Carina all around within bordering the nearly circular abrupt central
depression, hind margin higher than remainder with depressions cor-
responding to the emarginations above described, with a broad foveate

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the THYREOCORiNHi. 349

bridge medially to central disk; the Figure No. 207 is from a some-
what different point of view than the description; sixth sternite of
female (Fig. 208) about as long in middle as the preceding three
sternites together, greatly emarginate posteriorly; genital plates
sparingly punctate, longer than sixth sternite at middle, and twice as
long as postventer, their inner margins longer than posterior, the
former prominently elevated anteriorly, the latter distinctly concave,
although almost transverse in position; subgenital plates large, nearly
equilaterally triangular, ventral exposure of ultimate tergite much
constricted medially. Length 4. 5-5. 5 mm.

Holotype male and paratype female. Tale, Panama, Champion;
Tierra Colorado, Guerrero, 2,000 ft., October, H. H. Smith (British
Museum) ; other specimens from : Ancon, Canal Zone, A. H. Jennings;
Taboga Island; Panama, A. H. Jennings; July 1907, August Busck;
Panama, June 16, 1911, Yale Peruvian Expedition; Aruba, D. W. I.,
Sept. 18, 1929, Bartsch-Hoffman Exp.; San Domingo, Costa Rica,
Sept. 19, F. Knab; San Lucas, Costa Rica, Jan. 15, 1930, M. Valerio
(U. S. N. M.); Colima Volcano, Mex., L. Conrad; Culebra, Costa
Rica, July 14, 1911, L. G. Ruether, and another specimen collected
July II, 1911, by same collector, therefore nearby, labelled Chibe
(not Chili as it at first appears); Bogota, Lindig (Stockholm Mu-
seum); Mexico, Breddin Collection (Deutsches Ent. Inst.); Las
Sabanas, Panama, July 2, 7, 1924, N. Banks (VI. C. Z.); Cordilleras
of Colombia, T. Wieme; Colombia, VIoritz (Berlin Museum); Bogota,
1921, E. Pehlke (Stettin Vluseum); Culebra, Costa Rica; Aracataca,
Magdalena, Colombia, Aug. 3, 6, 1920, J. A. G. Rehn (Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila.); La Cruz Ruviera, Guarico, Venezuela, Dec. 1921, M.
Grisol (Paris Museum); Curasao, C. G. de Haseth; Corinto, Nica-
ragua, July 1911; Culebra, Costa Rica, July 14, 1911, R. Paessler
(Hamburg Museum); Colima, Mexico (Vlex. Dept. Agr.); Colima
Volcano, J. Laue; Turrialba, Costa Rica, H. Taeuber (Munich Mu-
seum).

159. Alkindus crassicosta Horvath.

Alkindus crassicosta Horvath, G., Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., XVII, 1919, p. 232 [S.

Paulo, Brazil].

Black, eyes reddish; antennae apd tarsi testaceous.

Decidedly shorter and narrower than atratiis\ head of about the same
shape and with the same character of puncturing; lateral group of
coarse punctures on pronotum smaller than in atratiis, disk of pronotum
with the punctures more nearly obsolete; sternites more copiously
punctate than in atratus and more distinctly so medially; genital

350

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

plates of female more plentifully punctate than those of atratus, the
elevation of inner margins more prominent from the beginning {i.e.
posteriorly). Length 4 mm.

Holotype female, Sao Paulo, Brazil (Budapest Museum).

Genus AMYSSONOTUM Horvath.

Amyssonotum Horvath, G., Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., XVII, 1919, p. 212 [Mono-
basic, genotype Corimelana rastrata Stal].

Principal characters: Spiracles nearer to the trichobothria than to
lateral margins of sternites; sternites with one or more bristles laterad
of the trichobothria; metapleurum with lateral impunctate area;
prothorax not gibbous anteriorly; hind tibia sulcate dorsally and pro-
vided with a carinate line on posterior surface; ocelli well behind pos-
terior transocular line and as far from eye as from tylus (Fig. 209) ;
similar in form to Thyreocoris.

Horvath’s key {op. cit., p. 206) errs in classing Amyssonotum as
without sulcate tibiae. The hind tibiae deserve the description sulcate
as much as do those of Thyreocoris, and the other pairs are at least
flattened above. The rastration, a character more or less developed in
species of the other genera, is not considered of generic significance.

160. Amyssonotum rastratum Stal.

Corimelcena rastrata Stal, C., Bidrag till Rio Janeiro-Traktens Hemipter-Fauna,

I, 1862, p. 8 [Brazil].

Sooty black, almost without reflections, eyes reddish; beak, an-
tennae, and tarsi testaceous.

Outline of head as in Fig. 209; head produced about one and one-
half times length of eye beyond anterior transocular line in most fe-
males, to twice that length in some males (Fig. 209) ; front margin
varying from rounded to subangulate medially and from sinuate to
convex laterally, the more pointed form characteristic of males; vertex
contiguously coarse-punctate, except on a narrow smooth occipital
strip with four anterior lobations; pronotum contiguously coarse-
punctate antero-laterally, with smaller punctures, more or less con-
nected by transverse furrows anterior to callosities; behind these the
surface is conspicuously lineate-rastrate; scutellum with anterior disk
moderately fine punctate, and peripheral regions copiously, more
coarsely, and largely rastrate punctate; corium as in Fig. 63; clavus
with a single row of punctures, mesocorium and veins coarsely punc-
tate; metasternum as in Fig. 210; lateral area of metapleurum acute
anteriorly, impunctate; sternites densely punctate laterally, more
lightly and sparsely punctate and polished medially; sixth sternite of
male broadly subangulate anteriorly, as long as the preceding three
sternites together, each of which is moderately constricted medially;

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^e. 351

ventral exposure of hypopygium punctate clear to the margin, some-
what transversely channeled, hind margin scarcely reflexed, varying
from evenly convex to convex medially, and slightly concave laterally,
as seen from below (Fig. 213); dorsal rim simple, flat, of moderate
width anteriorly, broader at lateral angles, narrower posteriorly, inner
basin abrupt, squarish; sixth sternite of female also broadly rounded to
subangulate anteriorly (Fig. 214), longer than the preceding three
sternites together, each of which is constricted medially to half or
less of its lateral length; genital plates copiously and coarsely punctate,
two-thirds as long as sixth sternite and decidedly longer than post-
venter, inner margins nearly as long as posterior, the latter slightly
concave, but almost transverse in position. Length 3-3.5 mm.

Holotype female, Brazil, F. Sahlberg, other specimens from Bogota,
and Panama (Stockholm Museum); also specimens in various collec-
tions from Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Colombia, British Guiana, Surinam,
Trinidad, Panama, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Mexico, and Texas
(Brownsville).

Southern examples have the pronotum more decidedly shouldered
than northern, but we are unable to correlate genital or other char-
acters with this difference. We therefore treat the two forms as sub-
species.

Key to the Subspecies.

I. Pronotum with a distinctly shouldered appearance (Fig. 211); known range

Peru, Guiana, Trinidad, and Surinam to Brazil rastratum Stal.

Pronotum more rounded antero-laterally, not shouldered (Fig. 212); known
range Colombia, and Panama to southern Texas flexum subsp. nov.

1 60a. Amyssonotum rastratum subsp. flexum subsp. nov.

Holotype male, allotype male, and paratypes, Volcan de Chiriqui,
Panama, Champion (U. S. N. M.). Topotypic material exists in
numerous museums. Other paratypes from Colombia, Canal Zone,
Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, and Texas (U. S. N. M., Deutsches
Entomologisches Institut, and the Museums of Dresden, Munich,
Vienna, and the Dept, of Agriculture of Mexico).

Genus PERICREPIS Horvath.

Pericrepis Horvath, G., Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., XVH, 1919, p. 221 [Monobasic,
genotype, P. callosula sp. nov., Argentina].

Principal characters: Spiracles nearer to the trichobothria than to
the lateral margins of the sternites; sternites mostly lacking lateral
bristles; prothorax not gibbous anteriorly; exocorial vein evident

352

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

(Fig. 64), of the same type as in Alkindns, i.e. the outer branch very
deep, owing to the elevation of inner edge of the area between it and
costa; ocelli not much farther from middle of vertex than from eyes.

It seems likely that the Galgiipha notata Amyot and Serville (Hist.
Nat. Ins. Hemip. 1843, pp. 68-69, PI- 2, Fig. 5) is a Pericrepis with
color pattern similar to that of callosula \ from the locality, Cayenne,
however, we should expect it to be a distinct species.

Key to the Species.

Dorsum fuscous to black, with testaceous markings of variable extent, the
apex of scutellum usually broadly pale and the corium preponderantly so;
exocorial vein simple, the inner branch obsolete; pronotum without pro-
nounced shoulders callosula Horvath.

Dorsum including corium entirely glossy black; exocorial vein with the outer
branch very deep owing to the elevation of the inner edge of area between
it and costa, the inner branch faintly discernible; pronotum with very
pronounced shoulders at anterior angles afer sp. nov.

Systematic Arrangement of the Species.

The reverse of that in key.

1 61. Pericrepis afer sp. nov.

Black, shining, apex of head, corium, and periphery of scutellum
often reddish brown; legs from knees, antennae, and beak yellowish,
and later organ usually more or less infuscated.

Head produced about one and one-half times length of eye beyond
anterior transocular line; front margin somewhat reflexed, broadly
rounded, subtruncate, or a little emarginate medially (tylus almost
enclosed), slightly sinuate laterally; vertex chiefly coarsely punctate,
the punctures in irregular oblique rows each side of tylus, the latter
more or less transversely wrinkled, occipital strip smooth; pronotum
chiefly coarse-punctate, except callosities; anterior and posterior
margins, and especially the humeral prominences smoother; scutellum
numerously punctate, the punctures finer and sparser on anterior disk
than elsewhere; clavus, mesocorium, and veins punctate; metapleurum
punctate bordering ostiolar surface; \'enter coarsely punctate laterally,
smoother medially, especially in male which has a broad polished area
traversing all sternites; sixth sternite of male nearly as long as all of
the preceding sternites together (all of which are constricted medially),
its narrowly rounded anterior margin extending almost as far forward
as to the lateral juncture of third and fourth sternites; ventral ex-
posure of h^^popygium almost vertical in position, sparsely punctate,
hind margin slightly reflexed, broadly angulate-emarginate medially

McAtee & Malloch; Revision of the Thyreocorin.t:. 353

and sublaterally ; dorsal rim almost a semicircle in shape, broadest at
lateral angles, the portion within and anterior to these gently sloping,
hind wall low, with elevations and depressions corresponding to the
emarginations above described; sixth sternite of female narrowly
rounded anteriorly, profoundly and acutely angulate-excavate pos-
teriorly, all preceding sternites constricted medially, the incisures
between them much more forwardly inclined than in most Thyre-
ocorinae; genital plates, faintly punctate, one and one-half times as
long as sixth sternite on middle line, and equal in length to the un-
usually long postventer ; inner margins considerably elevated, and longer
than the posterior, the latter slightly oblique in position (inner ex-
tremities farthest anterior); subgenital plates large, subtriangular;
ventral exposure of ultimate tergite of female unusually large for the
subfamily. Length 3. 8-4.5 mm; width 2-2.5 nim.

Ilolotype male, allotype female, and paratypes, Province of Salta,
Argentina, 2,500 m., J. Steinbach (Berlin Museum); paratypes;
Maldonado, D’Orbigny, 1834; Rio Salado, Santiago del Estero,
Argentina, 1909, E. R. Wagner (Paris Museum); Zuviria, and La
Merced, Argentina, Reimoser (Vienna Museum).

162. Pericrepis callosula Horvath.

Pericrepis callosula Horvath, G., Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., XVII, 1919, pp. 221-222

[Ledesma, Jujuy, Argentina].

General color above fuscous to black, solidly black on head and
pronotum, except that the latter usually is paler paralleling the pos-
terior margin; corium yellowish, except extreme base and a marking
covering terminal portions of veins and an adjoining area toward edge
of scutellum; the latter with the posterior declivity and an irregular
vitta on each side from declivity obliquely forward to claval suture,
yellowish; tibia? stramineous dorsally, fuscous ventrally; tarsi, an-
tennse, and beak, testaceous, the latter more or less infuscated; con-
nexivum usually paler tinged, the lateral margins of sixth sternite,
and posterior margin of ultimate tergite of female, yellowish to
reddish.

Head produced one to one and one-half times length of eye beyond
anterior transocular line; front margin slightly reflexed, varying from
somewhat pointed to truncate or even slightly emarginate medially,
and from slightly concave to slightly convex laterally; vertex coarsely
punctate, except on occipital region; pronotum and scutellum plenti-
fully punctate, the punctures coarser laterally, but by no means in-
conspicuous discally, callosities and posterior submargin of pronotum
smoothest; corium as in Fig. 64; clavus and mesocorium punctate,
exocorium smooth; lateral area of metapleurum broad, impunctate,
but obliquely wrinkled; venter with sparse coarse punctures laterally.

354

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

smoother medially; sixth sternite of male rounded subangulate an-
teriorly, the preceding three sternites more or less the same shape
anteriorly, all shorter medially than laterally; ventral exposure of
hypopygium, moderate in size, coarsely punctate, hind margin thick-
ened, somewhat reflexed, distinctly subangulately triconcave (Fig.
215); dorsal rim nearly flat, widest at lateral angles, posterior portion
elevated above remainder with depressions corresponding to the con-
cavities seen from below; sixth sternite of female (Fig. 216) narrowly
rounded anteriorly, the preceding three much constricted medially,
profoundly angulate-emarginate posteriorly; genital plates finely
punctate, inner margins elevated (Figs. 216, 217), distinctly longer
than posterior, the latter straight, oblique, meeting in an anteriorly
directed moderate angle; subgenital plates subtriangular, longer then
broad; ventral exposure of ultimate tergite of female large. Length
3.5-4 mm.

Holotype male. Province of Jujuy, Ledesma, Argentina, Arpad
Vezenyi (Budapest Museum); other material from Corrientes, Argen-
tina; Salta Province, Argentina, 1897, S. Venturi (Argentine Mu-
seum); Santarem, Corumba, March, April, May; Chapada, August;
Uacaryzal, Matto Grosso, February, Brazil, H. H. Smith (Carnegie
Museum); Corumba, Brazil, March (A. M. N. LL); Obidos, Amazonas,
H. Rille (Deutsches Ent. Inst.); La Merced, Argentina, Reimoser
(Vienna Museum); Formosa, Argentina (Munich Museum); Guemes,
Argentina, Feb. 2, 1929, on cane, H. A. Jaynes; El Quemado, Jujuy,
Argentina, May 26, G. L. Harrington (U. S. N. M.).

Genus PRUHLERIA gen. nov.

Principal characters: Spiracles nearer to the trichobothria than to
the lateral margins of the sternites; sternites mostly lacking lateral
bristles; corium (Fig. 65) tumid, apex subacute, cubital vein deeply
impressed apically, exocorium with only traces of both branches of the
vein, costa carinate; metapleurum with lateral area punctate interiorly;
prothorax not gibbous anteriorly; legs as in Allocoris. Genotype
Corimelcena incerta Uhler.

The only known species of the genus appears to be confined to Cuba.

163. Pruhleria incerta Uhler.

C [orimelcena] incerta Uhler, P. R., Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., II, p. 156, September,

1863 [Cuba].

Black, shining; corium orange-yellow with extreme base, posterior
third of cubital vein, area between this and scutellum, and a blotch
between its basal end and costa, of the ground-color; apex of head and
lateral spots on segments from fourth, posteriorly, yellow to orange;

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 355

tarsi, antennse, and beak testaceous, the beak more or less infuscated.

Head produced less than length of eye beyond anterior transocular
line, front margin scarcely carinate, subtruncate medially, subsinuate
laterally; vertex coarsely, but shallowly, punctate except on the
polished occipital strip; pronotum with coarse shallow punctures
laterally, the punctures elsewhere fine; scutellum punctate peripher-
ally, most coarsely so antero-laterally, nearly smooth on anterior disk;
corium (Fig. 65) with only sparse faint punctures; lateral area of meta-
pleurum, broad, but pointed anteriorly, punctate bordering ostiolar
surface; venter plentifully punctate laterally, broadly smoother
medially; sixth sternite subangulate anteriorly in both sexes, preced-
ing sternites constricted medially, fifth sternite to much less than half
of its lateral length; ventral exposure of male hypopygium with only
a few punctures, hind margin not at all reflexed, convex medially,
concave sublaterally ; hypopygium (Fig. 220) opening almost directly
posteriorly; dorsal rim broad all around anteriorly, lateral angles
but little wider, tumid exteriorly, declivate interiorly, hind margin
narrow, rounded, little above level of central disk; genital plates of
female, punctate nearly vertical in position, two-thirds as long as
sixth sternite, and distinctly longer than postventer, inner margins
nearly as long as posterior, the latter slightly concave, but nearly
transverse in position. Length 2.75-3 mm.

Paratype female, Cuba, Uhler Collection; other specimens with the
following data: on banana from Baracao, Cuba, Fed. Hort. Bd., N. Y.
No. 791 (U. S. N. M.); Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba, S. C. Bruner
(Barber); Aug. 20, 1917, P. Corden (Bruner); Guantanomo, Cuba,
Oct. 4-8, 1913 (A. M. N. H.); Cuba (Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.).

Genus THYREOCORIS Schrank.

Thyreocoris Schrank, Franz von Paula, Fauna Boica, durchgedachte Geschichte
der in Baiern einheimischen und zahmen Thiere, II, i, 1801, p. 46 [without
species here; on pp. 67-69, five species are included, of which the last scarahceoides
was selected as genotype by Oshanin, Kat. Pal. Hemip., 1912, p. i].

Coreomelas Amyot, C. J. B. and Serville, A., Hist. Nat. des Insectes, Hemipteres,
1843, p. 69. These authors state: “M. White then created the name Corimelcsna
for this latter genus [containing scarahceoides, schulzii, unicolor, etc.,] but later
corrected it in manuscript, substituting for it Coreomelas, which we adopt.”
Amyot and Serville as well as Mulsant and Rey use Coreomelas for the European
species scarahceoides, which is here, if it has not elsewhere been definitely named
as the genotype of Coreomelas Amyot and Serville.

Principal characters: Spiracles nearer to the trichobothria than to
the lateral margins of sternites; sternites with lateral bristles; ostiolar
surface extending to lateral margin of metapleurum; propleurum
coarsely punctate throughout; prothorax gibbous anteriorly; tibiae
flattened or sulcate dorsally.

356

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

164. Thyreocoris scarabaeoides (Linnaeus).

Cimex scarabcBoides 'Linnaeus, C., Systema Natura, Ed. 10, 1758, p. 441 [no locality].
[CAmex] sphaericus Goeze, J. A. E., Entomologische Beytrage zu des Ritter Linne
zwolften Ausgabe des Natursystems, 2, 1778, pp. 276-277 [Schaeff. Icon. t. 210,
f. 3a, b].

C[irnex] tesiudinarius Fourcroy, A. F. de., Entomologia Parisiensis, sive Catalogus
Insectorum quae in Agri. Parisiensi reperiuntur; secundum methodum Geof-
fraeanam in sectiones, genera et species distributus; cui eddita sunt nomina
trivialis et fere trecentae novae species, i, 1785, p. 195 [France].

[Cimex] tuberciilatus Rossi, Peter, Fauna Etrusca sistens Insecta quae in Provinciis
Florentina et Pisana praesertim collegit, 2, 1807, pp. 365-366 [Italy].

Corimelcena fulvipennis Dallas, W. S., List, i, 1851, pp. 58-59 [Demerara?]. The
queried locality undoubtedly incorrect.

Corimelcena punclicollis Dallas, W. S., List, i, 1851, p. 58 (Europe?).

C{oreomelas] nigritarsis Garbiglietti, Antonio, Catalogus methodicus et synonymicus
Hemipterorum Eteropterorum {Rhyngotha Fabr.) Italice indigenarum, Bui. Soc.
Ent. Ital., 1869, p. 43. [I{talia B{oreale)].

Corimelcena fulvinervis Scott, John, Neue europaische Hemiptera, Ent. Zeit.
(Stettin), XXXI, 1870, p. 98 [Spain].

Thyreocoris balcanicus Schumacher, F., Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Hemipteren-
fauna Mazedoniens, Sitzungsberichte Gesell. naturforschender Freunde Berlin,
1918, p. 86 [Uskiib].

" Thyreocoris fulvicornis Scott,” Schumacher, F., loc. cit., emendation by error.

/Eneous black, antenna?, tarsi, and beak testaceous. Some of the
numerous synonyms listed were inspired by variations in color,
probably due to killing of the specimens before they were fully
colored. Thus f ulvinervis Scott has the corium reddish (though the
punctures are dark), and fitlvipemiis Dallas has the corium ochraceous
and the scutellum reddish peripherally, states which might be recog-
nized as nameable color- varieties, if based on fully mature, but not if
exemplified only by more or less immature specimens.

Head (Fig. 219) produced from one to one and one-half times
length of eye beyond anterior transocular line; front margin dis-
tinctly reflexed, broadly truncate anteriorly, a little emarginate in
front of tylus, lateral margins somewhat concave to eyes; vertex
coarsely, almost contiguously punctate throughout; remainder of dorsal
surface copiously punctate, the punctures coarser laterally than
discally, those on corium more or less elongate: corium as in Fig. 66;
propleurum densely punctate anteriorly, posteriorly the propleurum
and most of the non-ostiolar surface of the meso- and metapleura, is
more sparsely punctured, a smooth area adjoining postero lateral
angles of ostiolar surface, the lateral prolongation of which is quite
narrow. Sternites numerously punctate smoother medially, sixth
sternite of male subangulate anteriorly, distinctly longer than pre-
ceding sternites together, the latter constricted medially, the fifth most
so and those anterior successively less; ventral exposure of hypopygium

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 357

short, densely punctate, hind margin distinctly reflexed, and shallowly
rounded-emarginate medially, dorsal rim broad anteriorly, broader
laterally, gently sloping inwardly, hind wall not obvious from above
due to the median emargination ; sixth sternite of female narrowly
rounded anteriorly (other sternites as in male), liberally emarginate
posteriorly for reception of the relatively large genitalia; genital plates
(Fig. 218), punctate, as long as wide, equal in length to postventer and
nearly as long as sixth sternite, the inner margins prominently, and
abruptly elevated, highest posteriorly; subgenital plates, punctate,
subtriangular, large, each about half the area of one of the genital
plates, distinctly separated medially by a sclerite intervening from
rear; genitalia of female in expanded state. Fig. 13; internal genitalia
of male as in Figs. 17, 18. Length 2. 5-3. 5 mm.

This species is distributed practically throughout Europe and Asia
Minor; we have examined, besides many specimens determined simply
as scarahceoides, the holotypes of fulvinervis Scott, fulvipennis Dallas,
and pitncticollis Dallas (British Museum).

Genus GODMANIA Horvath.

Godmania Horvath, G., Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., XVII, 1919, pp. 222-223 [Mono-
basic, genotj^pe, G. aterrima Horvath, Guatemala].

Principal characters: Spiracles nearer to lateral margins of sternites
than to the trichobothria on segments three to six; sternites with
lateral bristles; metapleurum with lateral area punctate interiorly;
prothorax not gibbous anteriorly; costa carinate, mesocorium (Fig.
67) with a vein paralleling scutellum and connivent, or nearly so,
posteriorly with cubitus.

165. Godmania aterrima Horvath.

Bibliographic reference as under genus, p. 223 [Duenas, Guate-
mala].

Black, shining, with bluish reflections; tarsi testaceous, sometimes
infuscated apically; beak and antennae chiefly fuscous.

Head (Fig. 221) produced two to two and one-half times length of
eye beyond anterior transocular line, front margin distinctly reflexed,
except apically, rounded or truncate medially, slightly concave, or
nearly straight laterally; vertex copiously coarse-punctate, except
on an occipital strip with four anterior lobations; pronotum copiously
punctate, except about callosities, punctures coarsest antero-laterally,
those in extremities of transverse impression rastrate, others of ordi-
nary type and much smaller; scutellum numerously punctate through-
out, punctures on anterior disk fine, those on periphery coarser, mostly
rastrate, often conspicuously so on declivity, which may be transversely

358

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

wrinkled; clavus with a single row, and corium with numerous coarse
punctures; lateral area of metapleurum punctate near ostiolar surface;
venter of male numerously punctate laterally, broadly polished and
almost impunctate medially; sixth sternite subangulate anteriorly,
transverse posteriorly, longer than all the preceding sternites together,
of which the fifth and fourth are moderately constricted medially;
ventral exposure of male hypopygium short, punctate to edge, hind
margin not reflexed, slightly concave medially, very low-convex
laterally; dorsal rim of nearly equal width all around anteriorly be-
tween lateral angles, moderately sloping inwardly, hind wall thin,
abruptly declivate, central basin rather deep. Venter of female
copiously coarse-punctate laterally, and although smoother medially,
by no means so much so as in male; sixth sternite (Fig. 222) rounded
or subangulate anteriorly, concave posteriorly, as long as the preced-
ing three sternites together, of which fifth and fourth are slightly
constricted medially; genital plates coarsely punctate, more than half
as long as sixth sternite and nearly twice as long as postventer; inner
margins slightly elevated and calloused on posterior two-thirds, about
two-thirds as long as posterior, the latter slightly convex and oblique.
Length 4.5-5 mm.

Holotype female, Duenas, Guatemala, G. C. Champion (Budapest
Museum), specimens with same data (U. S. N. M., Paris Museum,
these under the name Thyreocoris nitiduloides as noted by Horvath),
and others with data as follows: Guatemala, Angrand (Paris Mu-
seum); Guatemala, Breddin Collection (Deutsches Ent. Inst.); Cal-
deras, Guatemala, G. C. Champion; Mexico; Santa Cruz Id; Gulf of
California (U. S. N. M.); Sierra Mixteca, Mex., C. A. Purpus (Berlin
Museum); Guadlajara, McConnell (Carnegie Museum).

Genus ALLOCORIS nom. nov.

Principal characters: Spiracles nearer to lateral margins of sternites
than to trichobothria on segments three to six; (Fig. 223); sternites
mostly without lateral bristles; metapleurum with lateral glossy area;
prothorax not gibbous anteriorly, costa rounded; mesocorium (Figs.
68-73) with a vein paralleling scutellum and connivent or nearly so
posteriorly with cubitus. Genotype Corimelcena gillettii Van Duzee.

We propose the foregoing new name for the genus long known as
Corimeli^na, original reference, Corimelcena White, Adam, Descrip-
tions of two Hemipterous Insects, Mag. Nat. Hist., N. S., 3, 1839, p.
539 [Genotype by original designation, Tetyra lateralis Fabr].

The prime reason for dropping the name Corimelcena is that the
genotype is unidentifiable. The type of Tetyra lateralis Fabricius
seems to be lost and no other material named by Fabricius could be

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 359

found in European museums. The brief original description of
lateralis does not suffice for recognition of the species, a belief in which
we are not alone, as indicated by Van Duzee’s renaming in 1904 what
had passed for this form. The principal point in the Fabrician diag-
nosis "elytra white, broad vitta black" could not seem to apply to a
form characterized by extreme narrowness, and even obsolescence of
the pale marking on costa. Fabricius’ generic assignment leaves a vast
range of possibilities as to what the species might be, as his Tetyra
included Scutellerids, Coptosomatids, Cydnids, etc.; finally the
locality (Carolina) may be erroneous.

All things considered, we prefer to start off with a new name rather
than continue usage, however long, on the strength of probabilities.
Taxonomic work should be based on verified data, and we should be
false to our principles in this regard, if we made an exception of the
present case.

For comment on the name Eucoria Mulsant and Rey, used for this
group by Horvath, see Bibliography.

Key to the Subgenera

1. Spiracles of segments three to six below the lateral carina (Fig. 223).

Allocoris nom. nov.

Spiracles of some of segments three to six in or above the lateral carina 2

2. Three alternatives:

Spiracles of segments five to six in, those of three to four below, the carina.

Termapora subgen. nov.

Spiracles of segments three to six in the carina (Figs. 231, 232).

Parapora subgen. nov.

Spiracles of segments four to six in, that of three above carina; mesosternum
with a low median ridge on anterior half Epipora subgen. nov.

Subgenus Allocoris nom. nov.

Characters as given in the key.

Subgenotype Corimelana gillettii Van Duzee.

Key to the Species.

I. Apex of corium acute (Figs. 68-71) 19

Apex of corium rounded or obtusely pointed (Fig. 72) 2

2. Corium entirely dark, distinctly punctured to edge of costa; margins of vertex

slightly but distinctly reflexed nigra Dallas.

Corium more or less pale and almost or quite impunctate along costa; margins
of vertex usually not reflexed 3

360

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

3. Pale marking of corium of almost uniform width (Fig. 69), not extending over

the cubital vein at any point; species averaging 4 mm. in length . .4

Pale marking of corium widened basally (Figs. 68, 71), extending over cubital
vein and almost filling cell betwen the latter and claval suture (sometimes
with a broad median interruption); species averaging less than 4 mm. in

length 15

4. Females; ultimate tergite in nearly all cases more or less pale-margined 5

Males; ultimate tergite not pale-margined 10

5. Genital plates with widely separated, small, shallow punctures; punctures on

disk and apex of scutellum minute; head broad, the vertex rather short, its

sides distinctly emarginate (Fig. 233) limata sp. nov.

Genital plates with large deep punctures 6

6. Subgenital half as long as genital plates; ultimate tergite without pale

margin feminea sp. nov.

Subgenital not more than a third as long as genital plates; ultimate tergite more
or less pale-margined 7

7. Costa pale on entire ventral exposure corallina sp. nov.

Costa black on inner portion of ventral exposure 8

8. Genital plates distinctly shorter on inner than on posterior margin; disk of

dorsum only obsoletely punctured 9

Genital plates nearly as long on inner as on posterior margin (Fig. 238) ; disk
of dorsum distinctly punctured gillettii Van Duzee.

9. Pale lateral edges of fifth and sixth sternites broader (appearing somewhat

tumid), embracing the spiracles polita Malloch.

Pale lateral edges of fifth and sixth sternites narrower (appearing distinctly

carinate), not embracing the spiracles palmeri sp. nov.

EO. Dorsal rim of hypopygium obviously broadest at the lateral angles 1 1

Dorsal rim of hypopygium as broad or broader anteriorly as at lateral angles. 12

II. Costal stripe broader posteriorly, extending to cubitus and equalling meso-
corium, ventrally extending over entire exposure of corium; sternites broadly

polished medially corallina sp. nov.

G'ostal stripe (Fig. 69) narrower posteriorly sometimes obsolete, not extending
to cubitus and not as wide as mesocorium, costa black on inner portion of
ventral exposure; sternites less broadly polished medially.

gillettii Van Duzee.

12. Pronotum and scutellum almost evenly punctate 13

Disk of pronotum and scutellum polished, punctures almost obsolete 14

13. Rim of hypopygium with a lunate depression on inner side anteriorly; chan-

neling of ventral surface of hypopygium very deep, the reflected flange as
high at middle (viewed from side) as length of the remaining exposed sur-
face alticola Horvath.

Anterior rim of hypopygium nearly flat; ventral exposed surface much less
deepl}' channeled, the flange much lower contrasta sp. nov.

14. Dorsal basin of hypopygium squarish, central disk oblong, lateral angles

somewhat tumid; ventral exposure of hypopygium chiefly pale.

micans sp. nov.

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin.t:. 361

Dorsal basin of hypopygium and central disk trapezoidal, manifestly broadest
posteriorly, lateral angles sloping (Fig. 253) ; ventral exposure of hypopygium

dark palmeri sp. nov.

15. Pale marking of corium broadly interrupted by black near middle (Figs. 70-
71) ; hind tibia with two or three postero-dorsal bristles; disk of pronotum and

scutellum glossy, almost impunctate 16

Pale marking of corium not interrupted 17

16. Hind margin of hypopygium distinctly convex medially (Fig. 249); the corial

mark usually yellowish, not sharply margined internally, and scarcely at-
taining the mesocorial vein basad of the central black interruption (Fig.

70) interrupta Malloch.

Hind margin of hypopygium transverse, sometimes low convex medially (Fig.
248) ; the corial mark usually reddish, sharply margined internally and
attaining mesocorial vein on the greater portion of its extent basad of the
black central interruption (Fig. 71) elegans sp. nov.

17. Hind tibia without postero-dorsal bristles; sides of head in front of ej^es slightly

emarginate alpina sp. nov.

Hind tibia with one to three short postero-dorsal bristles; sides of head in
front of eyes distinctly emarginate, especially in males 18

18. Male hypopygium with two longitudinal, convergent carinae, or vestiges of

them (bounding a portion like the keystone of an arch; although in reversed

position) across anterior rim (Fig. 245) pulicaria Germar.

Male hypopygium with a transverse tubercle at middle of anterior rim.

championi Distant.

19. Pale marking of corium widened near base, extending over cubital vein and

almost filling cell between the latter and claval suture 20

Pale marking of corium not extending over cubital vein at any point 25

20. Males 21

Females 23

21. Entire upper surface with uniform, large, deep punctures, with narrow ridges

between giving a honey-combed effect; hind margin of hypopygium deeply

concave-emarginate minuta Uhler.

Disk of pronotum and scutellum with sparse punctures, or almost impunctate;
emargination of hind margin of hypopygium transverse at bottom 22

22. Hypopygium with the yellow margin much narrower than the exposed black

portion below it (Fig. 250); tibiae dark barberi sp. nov.

Hypopygium with the yellow margin not narrower in center than the black
portion below it (Fig. 251); tibiae pale tibialis Fabricius.

23. Entire upper surface with uniform large deep punctures minuta Uhler.

Disk of pronotum and scutellum sparsely and shallowly punctured 24

24. Sixth sternite distinctly longer than preceding sternites together; tibiae dark.

barberi sp. nov.

Sixth sternite shorter than preceding sternites together; tibiae pale.

tibialis Fabricius.

25. Inner margin of pale costal stripe slightly angulated near middle; margin of

male hypopygium broadly yellow; species not less than 3.5 mm. in length,
the body very robust (Fig. 225) agrella McAtee.

362

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Inner margin of pale costal stripe straight (Fig. 72) ; margin of male hypopy-
gium not broadly yellow; species not over 3 mm. in length 26

26. Male hypopygium almost entirely concealed from below by sixth sternite, its

hind margin slightly concave; sides of vertex distinctly emarginate before
eyes marginella Dallas.

Male hypopygium broadly exposed, its hind margin convex medially, concave
sublaterally ; sides of vertex only slightly sinuate 27

27. Dorsal rim of male hypopygium shallowly basined, smooth. . . .harti Malloch.

Dorsal rim of male hypopygium with two incurved carinae anteriorly, between

the ends of which is a narrow deep depression digitata sp. nov.

Systematic Arrangement of the Species.

Apex of corium obtuse:

nigra, limata, feminea, gillettii, polita, palmeri, corallina,
alticola, contrasta, micans, alpina, interrupta, elegans,
pulicaria, championi.

Apex of corium acute:

minuta, barberi, tibialis, agrella, marginella, harti, digitata.

166. Allocoris (Allocoris) agrella McAtee.

Corimelcena agrella McAtee, W, L., in Hart, C. A., Pentatomoidea of Illinois,
Bui. 111. State Nat. Hist. Survey, XIII, Art. 7, June 1919, p. 216 [Plummers Id.,
Maryland; other localities in Maryland, Virginia, and Kentucky].

Shining greenish black; apex of tylus and corial stripe ivory-colored,
lateral margins of fifth and sixth sternites (the former commonly
more deeply colored, the latter somewhat tumid), swollen posterior
margin of male hypopygium, and equally tumid posterior margin of
ultimate tergite of female, ivory to reddish; tarsi (sometimes knees,
and tibiae also), antennae, and beak, testaceous. Outline of body as
seen from side as in Fig. 225.

Head moderately pointed, produced about one and one-half times
length of eye beyond anterior transocular line, only slightly sinuate
before eyes in females, but decidedly so in males; vertex not carinate-
margined, coarsely punctate in irregular transverse rows, occipital
strip smooth; pronotum punctate except about callosities, copiously
and coarsely punctate laterally, sparsely so on posterior disk, more or
less rastrate in transverse impression; scutellum numerously punctate
peripherally, sparsely so on anterior disk, unusually broad posteriorly
and highly arched; mesocorium sparsely punctate, clavus and exo-
corium impunctate; venter copiously coarse-punctate, sternites,
except sixth, smoother medially; sixth sternite subangulate anteriorly
in both sexes, as long as all the preceding sternites in male, and the
preceding three in female, all of which are distinctly constricted medi-
ally; sixth sternite of male with a narrow lunate polished area before
posterior margin, the latter slightly convex medially; ventral exposure

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin.e. 363

of hypopygium moderate, punctate, scarcely channeled, the pos-
terior margin thickened and rounded but not reflexed, convex medially,
concave sub-laterally ; dorsal rim of a rather narrow type, nearly flat,
but little ampliated at lateral angles; genital plates of female punc-
tate, about two-thirds as long as sixth sternite, inner margins about
two-thirds as long as posterior, the latter nearly straight but oblique
in position the outer extremities farthest posteriorly. Length 3-4 mm.

Holotype male, allotype female, Plummers Id., Md., dates May 18,
1913, June 17, 1913, respectively; paratypes from same locality, April
26, 1908, May 4, 9, 1913, May 17, 1907, May 24, 1914, June 7, 1914,
June 8, 17, 1913, Aug. 19, 1906; Maryland near Plummers Id., May
9, 18, 1913, May 10, 1916, May 23, 1915, May 24, 1914; Great Falls,
Va., May 19, 1915; Maywood, Va., May 21, 1922, all the preceding
collected by W. L. McAtee (Coll. McAtee, Biol. Survey, U. S. N. M.);
Plummers Id., Md., July 30, 1914, specimen just emerged from last
nymphal skin, E. A. Schwarz and H. S. Barber; May, 1908 (U. S.
N. M.) ; Glen Echo, Md., May 14, 1922, J. R. Malloch (Coll. McAtee) ;
Marlboro, Md., May 13, Washington, D. C., May 14, H. S. Barber;
Great Falls, Va., May 25, 1906, D. H. Clemons; May 30, 1907; Kerr-
ville, Tex., April ii, 1907, F. C. Pratt; Dallas, Tex., May 16, 1907,
C. E. Hood (U. S. N. M.) ; Plummers Id., Md., Aug. 6, 14, 1922, H. G.
Barber (Barber).

167. Allocoris (Allocoris) alpina sp. nov.

Black with aeneous reflections, mesocorium in part and exocorium
chiefly, pale yellowish, lateral margins of fifth and sixth sternites
(which appear slightly tumid) and of ultimate tergite of female, yel-
lowish to pale reddish; tarsi, basal segments of antennae, and incisures
of beak, testaceous.

Form somewhat more elongate and less robust than in gillettii,
outline as seen from side as in Fig. 224; beak reaching third sternite;
head produced one and one-fourth to one and one-half times length
of the rather large eyes beyond anterior transocular line, front margin
scarcely carinate, narrowly rounded medially, the tylus prominent,
slightly sinuate laterally in females, decidedly so in males; vertex
numerously and moderately punctate, except on occipital strip;
pronotum coarsely and densely punctate antero-laterally, more
sparsely and finely punctate elsewhere, except in the transverse im-
pression which is distinctly foveate at the extremities, and its punctur-
ing more or less rastrate; scutellum numerously punctate, coarsest
and densest antero-laterally, finest and sparsest on anterior disk;
clavus with only a few, and mesocorium with numerous punctures,
exocorium, except for veins, almost impunctate; venter in male more

364

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

numerously and finely, in female, more sparsely and coarsely, punc-
tate, smoother medially in both sexes, sixth sternite angulate anteriorly
in male, fifth greatly constricted medially; ventral exposure of hypo-
pygium punctate, hind margin reflexed, low convex from side to side,
as seen directly from below, more or less concave medially, if a more
posterior view is taken; dorsal rim (Fig. 244) granulate, almost as wide
anteriorly as at lateral angles, slightly sloping interiorly, and with
two convergent carinae or vestiges of them across anterior rim as in
pulicaria, posterior rim narrow, depressed medially below central disk;
sixth sternite of female subangulate anteriorly, fifth considerably,
fourth and third less constricted medially; sixth sternite shorter than
the preceding three together; genital plates rather indistinctly punc-
tate, about half as long as sixth sternite, inner margins slightly ele-
vated, about two-thirds as long as posterior, the latter slightly concave
and oblique. Length 3-3.5 mm.

Holotype male, allotype female, and paratypes of both sexes, top of
Whiteface Mountain, N. Y., July 7, 1922, J. M. Aldrich (U. S. N. M.).

168. Allocoris (Allocoris) alticola Horvath.

Eucoria alticola Horvath, G., Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., XVII, 1919, p. 214 [Mexico].

Black, costal stripe strict, pale yellowish; lateral margins of fifth
and sixth sternites pale (carinate and not tumid); tarsi testaceous;
each segment of beak pale basally, elsewhere fuscous; apex of tylus
pale yellowish; antennae more or less infuscated, third segment palest.

Head produced about one and one-half times length of eye beyond
anterior transocular line, front margin not reflexed, narrowly rounded
medially, slightly sinuate laterally; vertex densely coarse-punctate,
except on occipital strip; pronotum punctate everywhere, except on
callosities, coarsely punctate antero-laterally, finely so posteriorly,
more or less restrate in transverse impression; scutellum numerously
punctate peripherally, sparsely so on anterior disk; clavus with a few,
mesocorium with numerous, punctures; exocorium, except for veins,
almost impunctate; venter numerously punctate, smoother medially;
sixth sternite subangulate anteriorly, preceding sternites slightly
constricted medially; ventral exposure of hypopygium brief, punctate,
hind margin greatly reflexed, convex, a little flattened medially as
seen from below; dorsal rim flat laterally, a little broader there than
anteriorly, anterior portion with a conspicuous lunate beveling within,
the outer margin of which is continuous with the sides of the central
depression. Length 3.75-4 mm.

Holotype and paratype males, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico,
4,000 ft., June, H. H. Smith (Budapest Museum); another specimen
from Santa Cruz Island, Gulf of California, Uhler Collection (U. S.

N. M.).

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin.e. 365

The preceding description, which agrees with notes made from the
holotype is drawn from the second specimen which is a homotype.

169. Allocoris (Allocoris) barberi sp. nov.

Black, with bluish or aeneous reflections, apex of tylus pale, elytra
except for claxuis and a narrow line posteriorly bordering scutellum,
ivory-colored; somewhat tumid connexivum of fifth and sixth seg-
ments, and hind margin of hypopygium somewhat more deeply
yellow; tibiae castaneous, tarsi, beak, and antennae testaceous.

Head narrowly rounded anteriorly, produced one and one-half
times length of eye beyond anterior transocular line, sinuate in front
of eyes, vertex coarsely punctate, except posteriorly; pronotum
coarsely punctate laterally and in sublateral portions of transverse
impression, moderately punctate along front margin, more or less
rastrate-punctate in transverse impression, nearly smooth elsewhere
on disk; punctures of scutellum deepest near basal angles, moderately
impressed peripherally, and almost obsolete, over a large discal area;
corium impunctate, except along veins; sternites coarsely punctate
laterally, nearly smooth medially, sixth sternite subangulate an-
teriorly in both sexes, the preceding three considerably constricted
medially, hind margin of sixth in male rather thickened, convex
medially, concave sublaterally ; ventral exposure of hypopygium
rather large, punctate, nearly vertical in position, hind margin cal-
loused, thickened, squarish-emarginate (Fig. 250); dorsal rim flat,
but little wider laterally than anteriorly, narrower posteriorly where
depressed below level of central disk; genital plates of female punctate,
two-thirds as long as sixth sternite and distinctly longer than post-
venter, inner margins three-fourths as long as posterior the latter
slightly concave, but nearly transverse in position. Length 2.8-
3.1 mm.

Holotype male, Esperanza Ranch, Brownsville, Texas, H. G. Barber
(Barber); allotype female, Costa Rica, H. Schmidt (Stettin Museum);
paratypes, Mexico, Carl Hoge (Hamburg Museum).

170. Allocoris (Allocoris) championi Distant.

Thyreocoris chaynpioni Distant, W. L., Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta.

Rhynchota, Hemiptera-Heteroptera, I, p. ii, 1880 [Guatemala, Honduras],

/Eneous black, corium yellowish to reddish with aeneous black
clavus and a streak therefrom along cubital vein; antennae, beak, and
legs from knees yellowish to reddish.

A species close to pulicaria, differing as stated in key, and from
both pulicaria and intermedia in having the punctures less deeply-
impressed on disk of pronotum and scutellum.

366

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Vertex copiously and coarsely punctate, except on occipital portion;
pronotum coarsely punctate laterally and more or less so in the trans-
verse impression, punctures elsewhere subobsolete; lateral area of
metapleurum punctate along inner side; venter moderately punctate
with median smoother area broad; male hypopygium almost entirely
concealed by sixth sternite as viewed from below, dorsal rim not so
flat as in pulicaria, sloping interiorly, wrinkled, but scarcely punc-
tate, depressed anteriorly, with a transverse tubercle; female genitalia
as in pulicaria. Length 2.5-2.75 mm.

Ilolotype female, Duenas, Guatemala, G. C. Champion; paratypes
of both sexes with same data; also Rio Hondo, British Honduras,
Blancaneau (British Museum).

1 71. Allocoris (Allocoris) contrasta sp. nov.

Black, shining, with more or less aeneous reflections; costal stripe
and somewhat tumid connexivum of fifth and sixth segments ivory-
colored; beak, antennae, and tarsi testaceous, the last infuscated
apically.

Head produced about one and one-half times length of eye beyond
anterior transocular line, front margin scarcely carinate, rounded
medially, slightly sinuate laterally; vertex copiously coarse-punctate
except on occipital strip; pronotum numerously punctate, except on
callosities, the punctures coarsest laterally, those in ends of transverse
impression somewhat rastrate; scutellum numerously fine-punctate
throughout, the punctures most lightly impressed on anterior disk;
mesocorium and veins punctate, exocorium chiefly impunctate;
lateral area of metapleurum with a row of punctures along inner side;
venter copiously punctate, smoothest medially; sixth sternite sub-
angulate anteriorly, as long as the preceding three sternites together of
which the fifth and fourth are distinctly constricted medially; ventral
exposure of hypopygium ample, punctate, hind margin not reflexed, a
little flattened or sinuate in middle and on each side; dorsal rim about
as wide anteriorly as laterally, central depression bell-shaped, abrupt,
hind wall thin, steeply declivitous. Length 3.5-4 mm.

Holotype male, Arizona, No. 2340 Baker Collection (U. S. N. M.);
paratype males, Mexico, Salle (Stockholm Museum).

172. Allocoris (Allocoris) corallina sp. nov.

Black, shining, scarcely aeneous; costal stripe which is almost twice
as broad posteriorly as anteriorly, usually coral-red; apex of tylus
(somewhat tumid), connexivum of fifth and sixth segments (some-
times stramineous), and postventer of female, reddish-yellow; tarsi
and third segment of antenna, testaceous; remaining segments of
antenna, and the beak, castaneous.

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 367

Head produced about length of eye beyond anterior transocular
line, front margin scarcely carinate, rounded anteriorly, sinuate later-
ally; vertex coarsely punctate except on occipital strip; pronotum
more or less transversely rugulose, coarsely punctate antero-laterally
and in and about extremities of transverse impression, where more or
less rastrate, finely punctate across anterior margin, sparsely so else-
where; scutellum finely and numerously punctate peripherally,
sparsely coarse-punctate discally, mesocorium and veins punctate,
exocorium impunctate; lateral area of metapleurum punctate along
inner side; venter coarsely punctate laterally, broadly polished medi-
ally; sixth sternite of male subangulate anteriorly about as long as all
of the preceding sternites together, of which the fifth and fourth are
distinctly constricted medially; ventral exposure of hypopygium
punctate, hind margin scarcely reflexed, concave medially, convex
laterally; dorsal rim narrow anteriorly, where rather abruptly beveled
off on inner side, wider laterally, central depression bell-shaped, abrupt,
hind wall thin, upright, almost overhanging in a forward direction,
depressed medially; sixth sternite of female more broadly subangulate
than that of male, but little longer than the preceding two sternites
together, each of which is distinctly constricted medially; genital
plates punctate, about two-thirds as long as sixth sternite, inner mar-
gins less punctate and slightly elevated, nearly as long as posterior
margin and twice as long as postventer, hind margin nearly straight
and transverse. Length 4.5 mm.

Holotype male, and allotype female, Guatemala, Boucard (Stock-
holm Museum); paratypes, La Borca, Jalisco, and District Federal,
Mexico (Mexican Dept. Agr.), District Federal, Mexico, L. Conrad
(U. S. N. M.); Deserto de los Leones, Mexico, Aug. 9, 1926; Tlalpam,
Mexico, Aug. 19, 1926 (Stettin Museum); Huejotitan, Jalisco, 1700
meters, 1913, L. Diguet (Paris Museum).

173. Allocoris (Allocoris) digitata sp. nov.

Distinctly aeneous, costal stripe and part of lateral margins of sixth
sternite red; tarsi, beak, and antennae testaceous.

Head produced about one and one-half times length of eye beyond
anterior transocular line; front margin slightly carinate, rounded or
truncate medially', slightly sinuate laterally; vertex coarsely punctate,
except on occipital strip; pronotum coarsely punctate, except on
callosities and tops of humeral prominences; scutellum truncate pos-
teriorly, numerously punctate throughout, the punctures finest on
anterior disk; mesocorium distinctly, exocorium indistinctly, punctate;
lateral area of metapleurum punctate, except for a polished disk-like
area; sternites moderately punctate laterally, smoother medially,
sixth angulate anteriorly, as long as all preceding sternites together, of
which the fifth and fourth are greatly, and third less constricted medi-

368

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

ally; ventral exposure of hypopygium punctate, slightly channeled
transversely, hind margin slightly rounded carinate, convex medially,
concave laterally; dorsal rim broadest laterally, moderately sloping,
with a deep triangular depression anteriorly separating the apices of
the finger-like ridges described in key, central depression squarish, not
very deep; hind wall fairly broad and moderately declivate. Length
3 mm.

Holotype and paratype males. Sierra Mixteca, Mexico, O. A. Purpus
(Berlin Museum).

174. Allocoris (Allocoris) elegans sp. nov.

The description of interrupta applies to this form in practically
every respect except as pointed out in key. The division between
the pale and dark portions of the corium is clean-cut (Fig. 71), not
nebulous, as in that species and the lighter portions are reddish-orange
instead of pale yellowish. There are no appreciable differences in the
female genitalia. The male genitalia (Fig. 248) differ as noted in the
key, but one specimen from Guatemala with typical coloration of
elegans has the hypopygium as in interrupta. The forms may hybridize
or otherwise intergrade. Length 3-3.5 mm.

Holotype male, Juan Mina Citrus Plantation, Panama, Aug. 24,
1918, H. F. Dietz and J. Zetek; allotype female. Botanical Garden,
Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, Oct. 13, 1918, Harold Morrison; paratypes,
Limon, Chagres River, Panama, July 14, Oct. 14, 1918, H. F. Dietz
and J. Zetek; Guatemala, Uhler Collection (U. S. N. M.); Turrialba,
Costa Rica, H. Taeuber (Munich Museum); Guatemala (M. C. Z.);
Mexico, C. Hoge (Hamburg Museum).

175. Allocoris (Allocoris) feminea sp. nov.

Black, shining (not seneous), costal stripe strict, stramineous; tarsi
testaceous, antennae and beak castaneous.

Head produced about one and one-half times length of eye beyond
anterior transocular line; front margin scarcely carinate, rather broadly
angulate anteriorly, apex of tylus subprominent, slightly sinuate in
front of eyes; vertex coarsely, but rather shallowly punctate, except
for the smooth occipital strip; pronotum similarly punctured almost
throughout, punctures finest discally, with partial furrows paralleling
transverse impression; scutellum with numerous shallow punctures,
least marked on anterior disk; corium punctate, the costal stripe al-
most smooth; lateral area of metapleurum with a few punctures along
inner side; venter coarsely punctured laterally, nearly smooth medially;
sixth sternite broadly rounded anteriorly about as long as the preced-
ing two sternites together, each of which is moderately constricted
medially; genital plates two-thirds as long as sixth sternite, nearly

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 369

equal in length to postventer, punctate, the inner and anterior margins
notably elevated above the disk, inner margins about two-thirds as
long as posterior, the latter strongly concave for the reception of the
unusually large subgenital plates; these are ovate in shape (acute
laterally) instead of narrowly lanceolate as usual in the subgenus.
Length 4 mm.

Holotype female, Cotulla, Texas, April 18, 1906, F. C. Pratt, (U. S.

N. M.).

176. Allocoris (Allocoris) gillettii Van Duzee.

Corimeloena gillettii Van Duzee, E. P., Annotated List of the Pentatomidae re-
corded from America North of Mexico, with Descriptions of Some New Species,
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. XXX, p. 8, January, 1904 [N. J., Md., D. C., Ohio, Ind.,
Okla.h

?r[c/yro] lateralis Fabricius, J. C., Systema Rhyngotorum, 1803, p. 142 [Caro-
lina].

iOdontoscelis lateralis Germar, E. F., Zeitschr. f. Ent., i. 1839, p. 39.

Corimelcena lateralis Auctorum.

Thyreocoris lateralis Auctorum.

Amplifying our remarks (p. 358) on the status of Tetyra lateralis
Fabricius, we may say that in the original description Fabricius states
“elytra white; broad vitta black” and “body smooth, black, shining,
elytra alone white; a broad black vitta which scarcely attains apex.”
Germar had a similar conception of the species, writing, “Elytra white,
median vitta black” and “Elytra \vhite, with broad longitudinal vitta
narrowed toward base.” He describes pidicaria as “very similar, but
scarcely half so large,” with “elytra white, a longitudinal line black.”

How Eabricius’ description of a form having pale elytra with a
black vitta came to be applied to one characterized by chiefly black
elytra with the pale vitta strictly confined to the costa would make a
long and probably unprofitable story. It is obvious, however, that
there has been a misidentification, and, as there is no Eabrician
material of lateralis extant, it seems best to drop the name, which
possibly may be a prior term for pulicaria.

^ Key to the Subspecies.

I. Head broader apically, the sides more or less emarginate in front of eyes;
lateral margins of sternites five and six pale; anterior part of dorsal rim of
male hypopygium less abruptly declivate; hind margin more or less flattened

or emarginate medially mexicana subsp. nov.

Head more pointed apically, the sides varying from slightly emarginate to
more or less convex in front of eyes; often margins of only sixth sternite
pale; anterior part of dorsal rim of male hypopygium more abruptly de-
clivate; hind margin convex medially gillettii Van Duzee.

370

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

176a. Allocoris (Allocoris) gillettii subsp. gillettii Van Duzee.

Bibliographic reference as under species.

Black, usually with aeneous, sometimes with bluish reflections, the
costal stripe (Fig. 69) strict, pale yellowish, in numerous specimens
more or less obscured, sometimes so as to leave only the extremities,
or even only the posterior one, pale; lateral margins of the sixth
(sometimes also the fifth) sternites, and of the ultimate tergite of
female, yellowish; tarsi testaceous, beak and antennae testaceous to
castaneous or even fuscous.

Outline as seen from side as in Fig. 226. Head produced about
twice length of eye beyond anterior transocular line, front margin not
carinate, narrowly rounded anteriorly, the tylus prominent, sinuate
sublaterally, usually decidedly arcuate in front of eyes; vertex coarsely
punctate except on occipital strip; pronotum punctate almost every-
where except callosities, coarsely so antero-laterally and in extremities
of transverse impression, finely so elsewhere; scutellum numerously
punctate peripherally, the punctures less distinct on declivity than
anteriorly, more sparsely and finely punctate discally ; corium distinctly
punctate except on costal stripe; lateral area of metapleurum punctate
interiorly; venter numerously punctate laterally, smoother medially;
sixth sternite of male angulate anteriorly as long as all the preceding
sternites together of which the fifth and fourth are distinctly con-
stricted medially; ventral exposure of hypopygium punctate, hind
margin slightly elevated, almost evenly convex, dorsal rim (Fig. 243)
much wider laterally than anteriorly, the anterior rim narrow, rounded,
abruptly declivate into the large and deep central depression, posterior
wall thin; internal genitalia of male as in Figs. 24, 25; sixth sternite of
female rounded or subangulate anteriorly, longer than the preceding
two sternites together, each of which is moderately constricted medi-
ally; genital plates (Fig. 238) punctate, two-thirds as long as sixth
sternite and nearly twice as long as postventer, inner margins about
three-fourths as long as posterior, the latter nearly straight and trans-
verse; subgenital plates narrow acuminate laterally; genitalia of female
in expanded condition. Fig. 14. Length 3-4.5 mm.

Range from New York to North Dakota and south to Florida and
Texas.

176b. Allocoris (Allocoris) gillettii subsp. mexicana subsp. nov.

A larger and somewhat broader form than the typical subspecies,
the latter feature particularly noticeable in head and anterior part of
pronotum; puncturing as in gillettii, possibly more pronounced on the
average; more tangible differences as noted in the key. Length
4-5 mm.

Holotype and paratype males, Chilpancingo Guerrero (4600 ft.),

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 371

June, H. H. Smith; paratype males, Omilteme, Guerrero (8000 ft.),
July, H. H. Smith; females. District Federal, Colima Volcano, Mexico,
L. Conrad (U. S. N. M.); Guadalajara, McConnell (Carnegie Mu-
seum); Santa Rosalia Springs, Chihuahua (4000 ft.), Aug. 19, 20,
1906, P. P. Calvert (Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.); allotype female, Guana-
xuoto, Breddin (Deutsches Ent. Inst.); Huejotitan, Jalisco, 1700
meters, 1913, L. Diguet; Omilteme, Guerrero, 8,000 ft., July, H. H.
Smith (Paris Museum); Mexico, Salle also Chilpancingo lot as in
U. S. N. M. (Dresden Museum); Mexico, C. Hoge (Hamburg Mu-
seum); Colima Volcano, J. Laue (Munich Museum). A very similar
insect is represented by a single female labelled Brazil, Signoret Col-
lection (Vienna Museum); the locality may be wrong and the speci-
men is left unclassified.

177. Allocoris (Allocoris) harti Malloch.

Corimelcena harti Malloch, J. R., Bull. 111. State Nat. Hist. Survey, XIII, Art. 7,
June, 1919, pp. 215-216 [Makanda, 111., also Md., and Va.].

Black, shining, usually with aeneous reflections; apex of tylus ivory
to reddish; costal stripe (Fig. 72), strict, yellowish; lateral margins of
sixth sternite in both sexes, and posterior margin of ultimate tergite
of female yellowish (margins of fifth sternite sometimes dull reddish);
knees and tibiae castaneous; tarsi testaceous; antennae and beak
stramineous to subfuscous.

Head produced about one and one-half times length of eye beyond
anterior transocular line, front margin scarcely carinate, narrowly
rounded anteriorly, sinuate laterally; vertex coarsely punctate except
on occipital strip; pronotum numerously punctate except about
callosities, punctures of disk not greatly constrasted in size with those
on lateral portions; scutellum more or less truncate apically especially
in males, thickly punctate peripherally, sparsely and more finely so
discally; mesocorium with a few coarse punctures, exocorium with the
punctures barely distinguishable; lateral area of metapleurum punc-
tate interiorly; venter copiously coarse-punctate laterally, broadly
smoother medially- sixth sternite subangulate anteriorly in both
sexes, fifth and fourth sternites distinctly constricted medially; ventral
exposure of male hypopygium brief, punctate, posterior margin slightly
reflexed, convex medially, concave sublaterally ; dorsal rim broad,
general contour concave, central disk prominent, lateral angles wider,
slightly elevated, the elevations continuous with the somewhat
thickened, and rounded hind wall, which scarcely rises above level of
central disk; genital plates (Fig. 236) of female punctate, about two-
thirds as long as sixth sternite and twice as long as postventer, inner
margins about two-thirds as long as posterior the latter slightly con-

372 Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

cave and oblique in position, the inner ends most anterior. Length
2.5-3 mm.

Paratypes Plummers Id., Md., June 10, 1906. W. L. McAtee; June
30, 1907, A. K. Fisher; Virginia near Plummers Id., Md., July 20,
1913, W. D. Appel (McAtee); other specimens: Plummers Id., Md.,
June 6, 1905, D. H. Clemons; June 28, 1905, H. S. Barber; Virginia
near Plummers Id., Md., July 24, 1902, E. A. Schwarz and H. S.
Barber; Forest Glen, Md., O. Heidemann; Great Falls, Va., June 10,
1906, F. Knab; D. C., Black Mts., N. C., June 5, 1904, Uhler Collec-
tion (U. S. N. M.); Niagara, N. Y., June 30, 1906, Geo. P. Engelhardt
(Barber); Belmont, Miss., July 5, 8, 1921, Pascagowla, Miss., Aug. 8,
1921, C. J. Drake (Iowa State College).

178. Allocoris (Allocoris) interrupta Malloch.

Corimelana interrupta Malloch, J. R., Bull. 111. State Nat. Hist. Survey, XIII, Art.

7, June, 1919, p. 214 [Brownsville, Texas].

Black, dorsum mostly highly polished, usually with bluish reflec-
tions; pale marking of corium (Fig. 70) extending more or less onto
disk of mesocorium, pale yellowish, broadly but sometimes not com-
pletely interrupted medially by the general color; somewhat tumid
lateral margins of fifth and sixth sternites, and posterior margin of
ultimate tergite of female stramineous; legs cafetaneous to black, the
knees paler; tarsi yellowish, beak and antennae testaceous to sub-
fuscous.

Head produced one and one-half times length of eye beyond anterior
transocular line, front margin scarcely carinate, narrowly rounded
medially, slightly sinuate laterally; vertex copiously and coarsely but
not deeply punctate, occipital strip smooth; pronotum with some
coarse punctures laterally and in end of transverse impression, other-
wise impunctate; scutellum sparsely and shallowly punctate peri-
pherally, polished discally; mesocorium and veins punctate, punctures
usually ill-defined on pale portions, puncturing of corium most pro-
nounced in males; lateral area of metapleurum punctate along inner
side, much broader in female than in male; venter punctate laterally,
broadly polished medially especially in male; sixth sternite of male
subangulate anteriorly, about as long as the preceding three sternites
together of which the fifth and fourth are distinctly constricted medi-
ally; ventral exposure of hypopygium (Fig. 249) brief, punctate, hind
margin thickened, slightly reflexed, convex medially, concave sub-
laterally; dorsal rim slightly tumid; scarcely wider laterally than an-
teriorly, about on level with central disk, hind wall narrow, depressed
laterally ; internal genitalia as in Fig. 26 ; sixth sternite of female rounded
to subangulate anteriorly longer than the preceding two, but shorter
than the preceding three sternites together, of which the fifth and fourth

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 373

are constricted medially; genital plates punctate, about half as long
as sixth sternite, and twice as long as postventer at middle, inner mar-
gins slightly elevated, about two-thirds as long as posterior, the latter
slightly concave and oblique. Length 3-3.5 mm.

Brownsville, Tex., May 10, 18, 28, 1904, H. S. Barber; without date,
Beyer (U. S. N. M.); July 27, 1906, A. B. Wolcott (Coll. H. G.
Barber); La Ceiba, Honduras, Aug. 19, 1916, F. J. Dyer; Guatemala,
Uhler Collection (U. S. N. M.); Santa Rosa de Copan, Honduras,
April 1923 (S. C. Bruner); Vera Cruz, July, 29, Orizaba, Aug. 2;
Cordoba, Mexico Aug. 4 (Stettin Museum) ; Mexico, C. Hoge (Ham-
burg Museum); San Jose, Costa Rica (Munich Museum); Costa Rica,
Jan. 1926, Paul Serre (Paris Museum).

179. AUocoris (AUocoris) limata sp. nov.

Black with ^neous reflections, mesocorium fuscous, exocorium
ivory-colored; apex of head, pale lateral margins of fifth and sixth
sternites (broad, embracing the spiracles), posterior margin of ultimate
tergite, and irregular spot on each subgenital plate, yellowish; legs
from knees testaceous; antennae and beak castaneous, some of the
segments paler basally.

Head produced about length of eye beyond anterior transocular
line, front margin scarcely carinate, subtruncate medially, decidedly
sinuate laterally (Fig. 233), vertex numerously punctate, except on
occipital strip; pronotum shallowly punctate anteriorly and laterally,
almost impunctate elsewhere; scutellum finely punctate peripherally,
polished discally; mesocorium moderately, and exocorium finely,
punctate; lateral area of metapleurum with a few punctures along inner
edge; sternites finely punctate laterally, broadly polished medially;
sixth sternite broadly subangulate anteriorly, about as long as the
preceding three together, of which the fifth and fourth are slightly
constricted medially; genital plates shallowly punctate, about one-half
as long as sixth sternite, and one and one-third times as long as post-
venter, inner margins two-thirds as long as posterior, the latter nearly
straight and transverse. Length 4 mm.

Holotype female, without data, Uhler Collection (U. S. N. M.).

180. AUocoris (AUocoris) marginella Dallas.

Corimelcena marginella Dallas, W. S., List i, 1851, pp. 59-60 [New York].
Corimelcena nanella McAtee, W. L., in Hart, C. A., Bull. 111. State Nat. Hist.

Survey, XIII, Art. 7, June, 1919, p. 216 [Plummers Id., and other localities in

Maryland].

Black, often with aeneous reflections, apex of tylus and strict costal
stripe, yellowish; lateral margins of sixth sternite plainly, of fifth

374

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

faintly, yellowish to reddish, posterior margin of male hypopygium
faintly, and of ultimate tergite of female distinctly, similarly colored.
Tarsi, beak, and antennae testaceous to subfuscous; in some specimens
the knees and tibiae are reddish brown.

Lateral outline as in Fig. 227; head (Fig. 234) produced about one
and one-half times length of eye beyond anterior transocular line;
front margin scarcely carinate, rounded medially, tylus subprominent,
distinctly sinuate laterally in both sexes, giving median part almost
the appearance of a rostrum; vertex coarsely punctate, except on
occipital strip; pronotum numerously punctate throughout, except on
callosities, the punctures coarsest antero-laterally and in ends of trans-
verse impression, where more or less rastrate; scutellum punctate
throughout, the punctures coarsest peripherally, finest on anterior
disk; mesocorium with a few coarse punctures, exocorium practically
impunctate; lateral area of metapleurum punctate along inner side,
venter copiously punctate laterally, smoother medially; sixth sternite
angulate anteriorly in male, fifth distinctly constricted medially; only
the swollen, slightly concave posterior margin of male hypopygium
exposed beyond sixth sternite; dorsal rim about as broad anteriorly as
laterally, gradually and shallowly basined, hind wall rounded, about
on level with central disk; sixth sternite of female rounded to sub-
angulate anteriorly, as long as the preceding three sternites together
of which the fifth and fourth are moderately constricted medially;
genital plates punctate, two-thirds as long as sixth sternite and longer
than postventer; inner margins slightly elevated, about half as long
as posterior, which are concave and slightly oblique, the inner ends
most anterior (Fig. 239). Length 2-3 mm.

Ilolotype male. North America (British Museum); type material
of C. nanella McAtee (McAtee Collection); and numerous specimens
indicating the range of the species to be from Rhode Island to Kansas,
Florida and Texas.

1 81. Allocoris (Allocoris) micans sp. nov.

i-Eneous-black, highly polished, narrow corial stripe, connexivum
of segments five and six, and exposed parts of hypopygium, orange,
in the last organ more or less infuscated; beak, tarsi, and antennse
testaceous.

Head produced twice length of eye beyond anterior transocular
line, narrowly rounded anteriorly, sinuate between tylus and eye,
vertex coarsely punctate, except posteriorly; pronotum with a small
group of well impressed punctures antero-laterally, and in extremities
of transverse impression, otherwise highly polished with punctures
only faintly indicated; scutellum polished, punctures subobsolete,
except antero-laterally; corium sparsely punctate. Lateral area of
metapleurum with a row of punctures along inner side; sternites highly

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 375

polished, scarcely punctate except on the disk of each laterally and
along incisures; sixth broadly rounded anteriorly, as long as those
anterior together, fifth and fourth distinctly constricted medially;
ventral exposure of hypopygium punctate, hind margin only slightly
reflexed, shallowly concave medially and convex laterally as viewed
from below; dorsal rim about as wide anteriorly as laterally, wrinkled,
and punctate where beveled off on inner side anteriorly, a little swollen
and somewhat smoother laterally, hind wall thin, arcuate, perpendicu-
lar within, central depression abrupt all around. Length 4 mm.

Holotype male, Purula, Guatemala, G. C. Champion [British
Museum].

182. Allocoris (Allocoris) minuta Uhler.

Ciorimelcena) minuta Uhler, P. R., Hemipterological Contributions, No. i, Proc.

Ent, Soc. Phila., II, p. 155, September, 1863 [Cuba].

Dull black, most of exposed corium stramineous to reddish, in paler
examples there is usually a reddish streak parallel to costa; thin costal
edge, clavus, and a streak posterior along inner side of heavily chitin-
ized part of corium, black; lateral margins of fifth and sixth sternites,
and posterior margin of intervening sclerites, stramineous to reddish;
tarsi, antennae, and beak, testaceous.

Head produced about twice length of eye beyond anterior trans-
ocular line, front margin not at all carinate, narrowly rounded an-
teriorly, apex of tylus more or less prominent, sinuate laterally;
puncturing of dorsum as described in key, only the callosities being
impunctate; apex of scutellum varying from rounded to truncate or
even emarginate; corium sparsely and shallowly punctate; lateral area
of metapleurum scarcely distinctly punctate; venter copiously punc-
tate, smoother medially in female from fifth sternite anteriorly, and
in male on all sternites; sixth sternite of male subangulate anteriorly,
as long as the preceding three sternites together, all of which are dis-
tinctly constricted medially; hypopygium almost concealed by sixth
sternite from below, the hind margin slightly concave ; dorsal rim broad,
moderately sloping, a little the widest at lateral angles, hind wall
rounded, very low, even below level of central disk; sixth sternite of
female broadly subangulate anteriorly, longer than the preceding three
but shorter than the preceding two sternites, each of which is slightly
constricted medially; genital plates punctate, half as long as sixth
sternite, twice as long as pastventer, inner margins only about half
as long as posterior, the latter nearly straight, but slightly oblique in
position, the inner ends anterior; subgenital plates small, lanceolate.
Length 1.8-2.25 nim.

Cuba, Uhler Collection; Baragao, Cuba, August, September, A.
Busck; Cayamas, Cuba, Jan. 12, June, 5, E. A. Schwarz; Baragua,
Cuba, Jan. 24, 1928, L. C. Scaramuzza; Portland, Jamaica, Uhler

376

Annals of the Carnegie Mlseum.

Collection; St. Anne’s Parish, Jamaica, Sept. 13, 14, 1917, Harold
Morrison; San Francisco Mts., Santo Domingo, Sept. 4, A. Busck;
Santo Domingo, Aug. 7, Sept, i, 1905, A. Busck; San Christobal,
Republic Dominica, July 26, 1917, Harold Morrison; Ft. Cangrejos,
Porto Rico, 1920, G. N. Wolcott (U. S. N. M.) ; Montego Bay, Jamaica,
March 2, 1911, H. G. Barber; Clarendon, Jamaica, Dec. 15-18, 1919;
Mandeville, Jamaica, Jan. 12, 1920 (Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.); Portland,
Jamaica (Knight); Cuba (Berlin Museum); Haitij^E. D. Ball (Iowa
State College); Guantanamo, Cuba, May 7, 1914, C. T. Ramsden;
famaica (Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila) ; Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba, April 12,
1921, B. T. Banta; Camaguey, Cuba, July 30, 1923, J. Acuna; El
Fraile, Cuba, April 6, 1924 (S. C. Bruner).

183. Allocoris (Allocoris) nigra Dallas.

Corifnel(2na nigra Dallas, W. S., List, i, 1851, pp. 57-58 [Hudson Bay].
C[orimel(Bna] anthracina Uhler, P. R., List of Hemiptera of the Region West of the

Mississippi River, including Those Collected during the Hayden Explorations

of 1873, U. S. Geol. and Geogr. Survey Terr., Second Ser., Bull 5, 1876, pp. 270-

271 [California].

Black, moderately shining, fading to brownish in old specimens;
tarsi, antennae, and beak testaceous to fuscous; in specimens, probably
not fully colored, the corium, margins of abdomen, and legs are more
or less reddish-brown.

Head produced about one and one-half times length of eye beyond
anterior transocular line; front margin distinctly reflexed, broadly
rounded to truncate medially, sinuate laterally, distinctly prominent
before anterior angle of eye; vertex uniformly and coarsely .punctate,
except on occipital strip; pronotum punctate throughout, except on
callosities; punctures coarsest laterally, more or less rastrate about
ends of transverse impression; scutellum copiously punctate, the punc-
tures finest on anterior disk and on declivity; corium punctate through-
out, punctures least distinct on exocorium ; lateral area of metapleurum
broad, more or less punctate along inner side; arrangement of spinacles
and trichobothria as in Fig. 223; venter polished, numerously but
shallowly punctate, more sparsely so medially; sixth sternite of male
about as long as the preceding three together, with an abrupt angula-
tion in middle of anterior margin, fifth sternite much, others less,
constricted medially; ventral exposure of hypopygium, moderate in
size, copiously punctate, hind margin slightly reflexed, almost evenly
convex; dorsal rim broadest, and nearly flat laterally, narrower and
moderately sloping anteriorly, hind wall, thin, arcuate, steep; sixth
sternite of female about as long as the preceding two sternites together,
which are slightly constricted medially, rounded to faintly and broadly

AIcAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocokin.^:. 377

subangulate anteriorly; genital plates two-thirds as long as sixth
sternite, one-third longer than postventer, copiously punctate, inner
margins slightly elevated, two-thirds as long as posterior, the latter
straight and transverse (Fig. 235). Length 4-4.75 mm.

Holotype female, Hudson Bay (British Museum); type material
of ajithracifia labelled California, and San Francisco, Calif. (Uhler
Collection); and other specimens with the following data: San Fran-
cisco Co., Calif., June; Alameda Co., Calif., E. C. Van Dyke; Eureka,
Calif., May 22, June 3, H. S. Barber; Sausalito, Marin Co., Calif.,
Jan. 13, J. C. Thompson; Oregon; Seattle, Wash.; Easton, Wash.;
Kaslo, B. C., June 26, R. P. Curre; Kokanee Mt., B. C. on snow, 9000
ft., A. N. Caudell; Whitehorse, Yukon Territory, May 28, 1916, J. A.
Kusche; Oxbow, Sask., May ii, 1907, F. Knab; Nevada, Uhler Collec-
tion; Colo., Baker and Uhler Collections; West Cliff, Colo.; Lookout
Mt., Colo., 7000 feet, July 3, 1927; Veta Pass, Colo.; Custer Co.,
Colo., T. D. A. Cockerell; Top of Las Vegas Range (11,000 ft.), N.
Mexico, June 26, 1901, T. D. A. Cockerell; also a specimen labelled
N. Y. possibly erroneously, and another bearing a similar numerical
label to last, Uhler Collection (U. S. N. M.); Tolland, Colo., July 28,
D. Stoner (Deutsches Ent. Inst.); Electra Lake, Comet Creek, Aspen,
and Tennessee Pass, Colo., 8,400-10,800 ft., June-August 1919 (A. M.
N. H.); California; Summit of Mary’s Peak, Ore., Sept. 16, 1897,
A. P. Morse; Denver, Colo., July (M. C. Z.) ; Marquette, Mich.;
Dilley, Ore.; Huachucha Mts., Ariz. (Barber); Trinindad, Colo.,
8,500 ft., Aug. 7, 1925; Fort Garland, Colo., Aug. ii, 1925; Pingree
Park, Colo., Aug. 15-22, various years, nymphs as well as adults, C. J.
Drake; North Park, Colo., July-August, 1926, F. C. Hottes; Lum
County, Ore., June (Iowa State College); Ciudad, Mexico, Forrer
(Paris Museum); Guajuco, Nuevo Leon, Dr. Palmer (British Museum)
Mexico, Salle (Dresden Museum).

184. Allocoris (Allocoris) palmeri sp. nov.

Piceous, shining, the costal stripe narrow, pale yellowish; lateral
margins of fifth and sixth sternites, in both sexes, and posterior mar-
gin of ultimate tergite of female, the same color; tarsi testaceous, beak
and antennae varying to castaneous, more or less infuscated.

Head produced one and one-half (female) to two (male) times
length of eye beyond anterior transocular line; front margin scarcely
carinate, narrowly rounded medially, tylus subprominent, slightly
sinuate laterally in male, more conspicuously so in female; vertex
numerously coarse-punctate, except on occipital strip; pronotum

378

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

coarsely shallow-punctate laterally, more or less rastrate in extremi-
ties of transverse impression, finely shallow-punctate along anterior
margin, sparsely so elsewhere; scutellum moderately punctate peri-
pherally, sparsely so discally; mesocorium punctate, dark portions of
exocoium numerously fine-punctate and pale portions sparsely
coarse-punctate; lateral area of metapleurum punctate along inner
edge; venter numerously punctate laterally, somewhat smoother
medially in female, broadly polished there in male; sixth sternite in
both sexes longer than the preceding two, but shorter than the pre-
ceding three sternites together, none of which are much constricted
medially; in male the sixth sternite is subangulate anteriorly, ventral
exposure of hypopygium punctate, hind margin not at all reflexed,
slightly concave medially and very slightly so sublaterally, dorsal rim
(Fig. 253) as wide or even wider anteriorly than laterally, anterior rim
rather flattened and finely transversely wrinkled, hind wall narrow,
almost vertical, central depression abrupt, except anteriorly; sixth
sternite of female rounded anteriorly; genital plates punctate, two-
thirds as long as sixth sternite, twice as long as postventer, inner mar-
gins two-thirds as long as posterior, the latter, nearly straight, slightly
oblique, inner angles farthest posterior (Fig. 237). Length 4-4.25 mm.

Ilolotype male and allotype female, Saltillo, Mexico, E. Palmer
(M. C. Z.); paratypes, Morelia, E. Duges, 1892 (Helsingfors Museum).

185. Allocoris (Allocoris) polita Malloch.

Corimelcena polita Malloch, J. R., Bull. 111. State Nat. Hist. Survey, XIII, Art.
VII, June, 1919, p. 213 iBrownsville, Texas].

Black with aeneous and purplish reflections, the costal stripe, edges
of fifth and sixth sternites and of ultimate tergite pale yellow; tarsi,
antennae, and beak testaceous. Head rather acute anteriorly, margin
slightly sinuate in front of eyes, distinctly punctate, except for usual
smooth area on back of vertex; pronotum punctate near margins and
in a narrow band across disk, otherwise nearly smooth; scutellum with
the punctures subobsolete discally. Length 4 mm.

Holotype female, Brownsville, Tex., July 10, 1908, C. A. Hart (111.
State Nat. Hist. Survey).

186. Allocoris (Allocoris) pulicaria Germar.

0{dontoscelis) pulicarius Germar, E. F., Zeitschr. f. Ent., i, 1839, p. 39 [Penn-
sylvania, Martinique].

Galgupha flavo-marginata, Thomas, Cyrus, Insects Injurious to Vegetation in
Illinois, Trans. 111. State Agr. Soc., V (1861-1864) 1865, p. 455 [Illinois].

Black with seneous reflections, apex of tylus, disk of mesocorium
and all of exocorium (Fig. 68), stramineous to yellow; lateral margins
of fifth and sixth sternites, sometimes part of fourth, and posterior

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^e. 379

border of genitalic segments stramineous to orange; legs castaneous to
black, tarsi testaceous; antennae and beak testaceous to fuscous.

Head produced about length of eye beyond anterior transocular line;
front margin scarcely carinate, narrowly rounded anteriorly, tylus
subprominent, more or less sinuate laterally. Vertex, except narrow
occipital strip, pronotum, except callosities, and scutellum copiously
and coarsely punctured in female, more finely so in male, the punctures
also sparser discally in the latter sex; corium sparsely punctate;
lateral area of metapleurum slightly punctate along inner side; venter
copiously punctate laterally, smoother medially, sixth sternite angu-
late anteriorly in male, subangulate in female, fifth and fourth dis-
tinctly constricted medially in both sexes; ventral exposure of male
hypopygium brief, punctate, hind margin slightly reflexed, slightly
concave medially as viewed from below (Fig. 252), dorsal rim (Fig.
245) broad all around between lateral angles and only slightly sloping,
hind wall thin, low, genital plates of female punctate, half as long as
sixth sternite, longer than postventer, inner margins about two-thirds
as long as posterior, the latter nearly straight and transverse; sub-
genital plates short, lanceolate. Length 2.25-3.5 nirn*

In the Germar Collection (Lwow Museum) are six specimens labelled
'‘Odontoscelis piilicaria m., Pennsylvania,” of which the uppermost, a
male, of a set of three specimens on one pin is selected as holotype;^^
the Germar material in Berlin Museum, consisting of a male and a
female, labelled “Carolina, Bose” is conspecific; other specimens
examined indicate a range for the species that extends from Massa-
chusetts, Ontario, and British Columbia south to Oregon, Arkansas,
Texas, Florida, and Guatemala.

187. Allocoris (Allocoris) tibialis Fabricius.

T{etyra) tibialis Fabricius, J. C., Systema Rhyngotorum, 1803, p. 144 [Amer.

merid.].

/F^neous-black, polished, apex of tylus, corium (except for a line
on inner side) rather tumid lateral margins of sternites five and six,
and posterior margin of genitalic segments, stramineous to yellow;
legs from knees, antennae, and beak, varying from stramineous to
subfuscous.

Head produced about one and one-half times length of eye beyond
anterior transocular line, front margin scarcely reflexed, narrowly
rounded anteriorly, tylus subprominent, slightly sinuate laterally.
Vertex coarsely punctate, except for occipital strip; pronotum coarsely
punctate antero-laterally, and in extremities of transverse impression,
where more or less rastrate, more finely and sparsely punctate else-

^^The specimen from Martinique, labelled “var.” is tibialis Fabricius.

380

Annals of the Carnegie Museuai.

where; scutellum moderately punctate peripherally, sparsely so dis-
cally; corium almost impunctate; lateral area of metapleurum punc-
tate along inner side; venter copiously punctate laterally, more or less
polished medially; sixth sternite subangulate in both sexes, more
broadly so in female, fifth and fourth sternites distinctly constricted
medially; only the tumid posterior margin of male hypopygium visible
from below; it is slightly convex medially, concave sublaterally ;
po.sterior aspect as in Fig. 251; dorsal rim but little wider laterally
than anteriorly, moderately sloping, inner basin shallow, hind wall
low, thickened and rounded; genital plates of female punctate, three-
fourths as long as sixth sternite, nearly twice as long as postventer,
inner margins two-thirds as long as posterior, the latter nearly straight
and slightly oblique (inner ends most anterior) ; subgenital plates brief,
lanceolate. (There is considerable variation in the size of the sub-
genital plates, which we are unable so far to correlate with any other
characters of specific value.) Length 2-3 mm.

Ilolotype female and allotype male, “/Imcr. mer., Schmidt,” Mus.
Lund (Copenhagen Museum); Mittelamerika, Fabrician Collection
(Kiel Museum); other specimens from Panama City, Panama, E. A.
Schwarz; same locality, April 23, 1911, A. H. Jennings; Panama City,
Panama, E. A. Schwarz; Borracho Plantation, Canal Zone, July 10,
1918, H. F, Dietz and J. Zetek; San Jose, Costa Rica, April, 1928,
J. F. Tristan; Rio Frio, Colombia, July 8, 1927, G. Salt; St. Vincent,
W. L, H. FI. Smith; Balthazar, Grenada, W. L; Mirabeau Estate,
Grenada, W. L, H. H. Smith, Uhler Coll.; Caliveny Estate, Grenada,
W. L, H. H. Smith (Barber); Grenada, W. L, June, A. Busck; San
Fernando, Trinidad, Oct. 19, 1918; Aripo Savanna, Trinidad, Oct. 26,
1918; Georgetown, British Guiana, Sept. 22, 26, 1918, Harold Morri-
son; Merida, Venezuela, S. Briceno (U. S. N. M.) ; Colombia, Lebas,
1830; Llanos, Venezuela, F. Geay (Paris Museum) ; Obidos, Amazonas,
H. Rolle; Yungas, Bolivia, Kraatz (Deutsches Ent. Inst.) ; New Amster-
dam, July, Blairmont, October, British Guiana, 1923, E. Williams
(Van Zwaluwenberg) ; Mexico, Deyrolle (Leiden Museum) ; Paramaribo,
Surinam, Heller; Bolivia, Wanczewicz (Berlin Museum); Bogota,
Lindig; Colombia (Stockholm Aluseum) ; Venezuela (Stettin Museum) ;
Loja, Ecuador, Ernesto Will; vicinity of Paramaribo, Surinam,
March 1909, C. Heller (Hamburg Museum); Rio Erio, Colombia,
June 16, 1925 (Iowa State College); New Granada, Schauf (Vienna
Museum); Edvarton, Jamaica, T. D. A. Cockerell; Becquia Id.,
Grenadines, West Indies, H. H. Smith (British Museum); Colima
Volcano, Mex. (Munich Museum); Cauca, Colombia; St. Laurent,

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^e. 381

Guiana; Turrialba, Costa Rica; Jalapa, Mexico, H. Taeuber (Munich
Museum).

Subgenus Termapora subgen. nov.

Characters as given in the key, p. 359. Subgenotype Corimelcena
minutissima Malloch.

Only a single species is known, Allocoris {Termapora) minutissima
Malloch.

188. Allocoris (Termapora) minutissima (Malloch).

Corimelana minutissima Malloch, J. R., Bull. 111. Nat. Hist. Survey, XIII, Art.

7, June, 1919, pp. 214-215 [Sarita, Texas].

Greenish-black, the corium stramineous to testaceous, narrowly
bordered by a stripe of the ground-color along edge of scutellum;
lateral margins of sternites four to six in both sexes, and posterior
margin of ultimate segment of female, reddish-yellow; femora castane-
ous to black; knees, tibiae, tarsi, and antennae testaceous.

Outline of body from side as in Fig. 228. Head produced about one
and one-half times length of eye beyond anterior transocular line;
front margin scarcely carinate, rather pointed anteriorly and slightly
sinuate laterally; vertex coarsely punctate, except on occipital strip;
pronotum coarsely punctate laterally and in extremities of transverse
impression; the punctures here and the more shallowly impressed ones
in median part of transverse impression more or less rastrate; an-
terior and posterior margins broadly smoother, with only shallow,
sparse puncturing; scutellum with numerous distinct punctures
peripherally, the disk with considerable smooth areas between the
punctures, which are in irregular transverse rows; corium finely punc-
tate; lateral area of metapleurum punctate interiorly; venter numer-
ously punctate laterally, smoother medially, sixth sternite rather
angulate anteriorly in both sexes, fifth and fourth distinctly constricted
medially; sixth sternite of male as long as the preceding sternites com-
bined, almost completely concealing the hypopygium, the distinctly
reflexed hind margin of which, appears slightly concave viewed from
below; dorsal rim distinctly broader laterally than anteriorly, on the
latter section there is a low crescentic carina which fades out postero-
laterally; except for this the lateral and anterior portions slope gradu-
ally to the central disk; hind wall more declivitous, convex; sixth
sternite of female longer than the preceding two, but shorter than the
preceding three sternites together; genital plates punctate, two-thirds
as long as sixth sternite, and nearly twice as long as postventer, inner
margins two-thirds as long as posterior, the latter straight and trans-
verse. Length 2.5-3 rnm.

Ilolotype male, Sarita, Texas (Sand Hills), Dec. i, 1911, C. A. Hart
(111. Nat. Hist. Survey); Brownsville, Texas, April 15, 1910, R. A.

382 Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Vickery, Webster No. 6479; Texas, Uhler Coll. (U. S. N. M.); Pasca-
goula, Miss., Aug. 8, 1921, Carl J. Drake (Drake); Frontera, Tabasco,
Mexico, June 1897, C. H. T. Townend (Iowa State College).

Subgenus Parapora subgen. nov.

Characters as given in the key, p. 359. Subgenotype CorimelcBna
extensa Uhler.

Key to the Species.

I. Males 2

Females TJ 7

2. Corium with a dark mark on costa beyond middle. . . . californica Van Duzee.

Coriiim entirely yellow on costa 3

3. Dorsal rim of hypopygium (Fig. 256) essentially flat, neither decidedly sloping

nor excavated interiorly cognata Van Duzee.

Dorsal rim of hypopygium decidedly sloping or excavated interiorly 4

4. Sides of pronotum nearly straight, lateral edge of sternites tumid, without

Carina; the marginal spots and posterior margin of hypopygium yellow,
conspicuous; vertex behind eye impunctate; hypopygium as in Figs. 246, 247.

Parana McAtee and Malloch.
Sides of pronotum rounded; lateral margins of sternites, except sixth, distincth’
carinate; inconspicuously, and posterior margin of hypopygium not at all,
yellow; vertex behind eye punctate 5

5. Anterior rim of hypopygium sloping inwardly, a rounded carina following its

inner side extensa Uhler.

Anterior rim of hypopygium depressed or beveled off cephalad, forming a nearly
♦straight carina across its inner side (Fig. 255) 6

6. This carina with a more or less pronounced setulose elevation on each side

posteriorly (Fig. 254) virilis sp. nov.

Carina without lateral elevations (Fig. 255) incognita sp. nov.

7. Corium with a dark mark on costa beyond middle; form robust (Fig. 230).

californica Van Duzee.

Corium entirely yellow on costa beyond base, form more slender (Fig. 229) . . 8

8. Genital plates decidedly shorter on inner than on posterior margins (Fig.

241) 9

Genital plates nearly as long on inner as on posterior margins (Fig. 240).

incognita sp. nov.

9. Hind tibia without evident posterodorsal bristles; greatest width of opaque

area behind ostiole barely exceeding that of ostiole, and not half as wide

as glossy portion of metapleurum behind it cognata Van Duzee.

Hind tibia with two or more posterodorsal bristles, which are about as long as
tibial diameter; greatest width of opaque area behind ostiole much greater
than that of ostiole, and about equal to that of the glossy portion of meta-
pleurum behind it ^ extensa Uhler.

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 383

Systematic Arrangement of the Species.

Hind tibia with two or more posterodorsal bristles:
virilis, extensa, parana.

Hind tibia without distinct posterodorsal bristles:
incognita, cognata, caiifornica.

189. Allocoris (Parapora) caiifornica Van Duzee.

CorimelcBtia caiifornica Van Duzee, E. P., A new Corimelsena (Hemiptera), Pan-

Pacific Ent., VI, No. I, July, 1929, p. 10 [California].

^'Eneous-black, part of disk of mesocorium and basal half and apex
of exocorium yellowish; sixth sternite and postventer with a dull
yellowish spot on each side; beak, antennae, and tarsi dark honey-
colored.

Outline as in Fig. 230; head produced nearly twice length of eye
beyond anterior transocular line; front margin distinctly reflexed,
truncate medially, slightly sinuate laterally; vertex numerously and
coarsely punctate, except on occipital strip and the two connected
discal areas; pronotum coarsely punctate laterally and anteriorly,
slightly rastrate in the inconspicuous transverse impression, and more
sparsely and shallowly punctate anteriorly; scutellum coarsely punc-
tate antero-laterally, finely punctate elsewhere, sparsely so anteriorly,
copiously laterally, somewhat rastrate on declivity; mesocorium
coarsely punctate on dark, sparsely and less coarsely so on pale, areas,
exocorium feebly punctate; lateral area of metapleurum broad an-
teriorly, coarsely punctate, except near outer margin anteriorly;
venter copiously punctate, sixth sternite subangulate anteriorly, fifth
and fourth definitely constricted medially; genital plates (Fig. 242)
punctate, two-thirds as long as sixth sternite, more than twice as long
as postventer; inner margin nearly as long as posterior; the latter
slightly convex and oblique posteriorly. Length 3 mm.

Paratype female, Guernewood Park, Sonoma Co., Calif., July 21,
1929, Paul Baldwin (U. S. N. M.).

We give the labels literally and assume that this is the same locality
as Guernville cited by Van Duzee in connection with the original de-
scription of the species. The only other recorded locality is Paraiso
Springs, Monterey Co., Calif. (L. S. Slevin). Lacking the male we
have had to depend upon a color character alone for the location of
that sex in the key. The more robust form of the species, which we
assume is characteristic of both sexes, causes it to superficially re-
semble typical species of the preceding subgenus, but the arrangement
of the abdominal spiracles, coarser punctation, venation of the corium,
and the sharp and slightly undulated apical margin of the abdomen

384

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

unquestionably place it in Parapora. No other species of this sub-
genus known to us has the corium with a black preapical mark, which
is reminiscent of the species interrupta in the preceding subgenus,
while the robust form (Fig. 230) and larger genital plates (Fig. 242)
serve at once to distinguish it from incognita with which it agrees in
size. There is a very striking difference in the lateral outline of the
pronotum of this from that of any of the other species, none of the
latter possessing so obvious a shoulder anteriorly.

190. Allocoris (Parapora) cognata Van Duzee.

Thyreocoris cognatus Van Duzee, E. P., Notes on Jamaican Hemiptera, Bull.

Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., VIII, 1907, p. 6 [Rock Fort, Jamaica].

Eucoria placata Horvath, G., Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., XVII, 1919, pp. 213-214,

[Colombia].

iTneous-black, exocorium and disk of mesocorium stramineous to
orange; lateral spots on sternites four to six and more or less of pos-
terior margin of genitalic segments yellowish to orange; apex of tylus
and legs chiefly castaneous; legs distally, antennae, and beak, stramine-
ous to testaceous.

Head produced nearly twice length of eye beyond anterior trans-
ocular line; front margin scarcely carinate, narrowly rounded medially,
more or less sinuate laterally; vertex, except occipital strip, pronotum,
except callosities, and most of scutellum, numerously and rather
coarsely punctate, punctures sparser on anterior disk of scutellum;
corium punctate; lateral area of metapleurum broad, punctate over
more than half of its width; venter numerously punctate, slightly
smoother medially; sixth sternite subangulate anteriorly in both sexes,
more acutely so in male, fifth and fourth sternites distinctly constricted
medially; ventral exposure of male hypopygium punctate, hind margin
scarcely reflexed, shallowly emarginate medially, and also sublaterally,
as seen from below; dorsal rim (Fig. 256) more or less depressed an-
teriorly, and nearly as broad there as laterally, hind wall low, arcuate;
internal male genitalia as in Figs. 29, 30; genital plates of female,
punctate, less than half as long as sixth sternite and about equal in
length to postventer, inner margins about two-thirds as long as post-
terior, the latter straight and transverse; hind margin of ultimate
tergite of female subangulate medially, slightly sinuate laterally.
Length 2.25-3.25 mm.

Male and female paratypes, Kingston, Jamaica, April 1906, E. P.
Van Duzee (U. S. N. M. Type No. 12,286); Kingston, Jamaica, April
16, 1898 (Carnegie Museum); Nicaragua (LI. S. N. AI., A. M. N. H.) ;
Pennela, Vera Cruz, Mex., April 22, 1908; Cordoba, Vera Cruz, Alex.,
Alarch 20 to Alay 8, F. Knab; Nicaragua, Uhler Collection (U. S.

McAtee & Malloch. Revision of the Thyreocorin.h. 385

N. M.); Soledad, Cuba, Feb. 14, 1925, J. G. Myers (M. C. Z.) ; holo-
type male of placata Horvath, Baranquilla, Colombia, March 1912, J.
Ujhelyi (Budapest Museum); Huachucha Mts., Ariz., H. G. Barber
(Barber); Mexico; Jamaica (Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.); Mexico, C. Hoge
(Hamburg Museum).

1 91. Allocoris (Parapora) extensa Uhler.

C{orimel(Bna) extensa Uhler, P. R., Hemipterological Contributions, Proc. Ent.

Soc. Philadelphia, September, 1863, pp. 155-156 [near Fort Benton].

Thyreocoris montanus Van Duzee, E. P., North American Heteroptera, Ent. News,

Vol. XX, No. 5, May, 1909, pp. 231-232 [Ogden, Utah, type locality; also

Washington, California, and Wyoming].

Shining black, sometimes with ^neous or bluish reflections; exo-
corium and outer disk of mesocorium (Fig. 73) yellowish; lateral spots
on sixth sternite in both sexes, and more or less of posterior margin of
ultimate tergite of female yellowish to reddish; apex of tylus, tarsi
(sometimes apices of tibite), beak, and antennae, stramineous to
testaceous.

Head produced about one and one-half times length of eye beyond
anterior transocular line; front margin scarcely carinate, rounded to
subtruncate medially, more or less sinuate laterally; dorsum (except
for the smooth occipital strip, and the callosities) numerously and al-
most uniformly punctate with punctures of moderate size; corium more
sparsely punctate especially on pale portion; lateral area of meta-
pleurum broad, punctate interiorly; arrangement of spiracles and
trichobothia as in Fig. 232; venter moderately punctate laterally,
broadly smooth medially in male, less so in female, in which the sixth
sternite especially is more punctate; sixth sternite narrowly subangulate
in male, more broadly so in female, fifth and fourth sternites distinctly
constricted medially in both sexes; ventral exposure of male hypopy-
gium closely punctate, hind margin scarcely reflexed, decidedly con-
cave medially, sloping or convex laterally, as seen from below; dorsal
rim little narrower anteriorly than laterally, depressed and smoother
anteriorly, the inner margin somewhat rounded-carinate; posterior
portion rather broad, low, depressed medially; internal genitalia of
male as in Figs. 31-32; genital plates of female (Fig. 241) closely punc-
tate, less than half as long as sixth sternite and one-third longer than
postventer, inner margins two-thirds as long as posterior, the latter
nearly straight and somewhat oblique (inner ends farthest posterior) ;
ventral exposure of ultimate tergite a little rounded-prominent medi-
ally, slightly concave sublaterally. Length 3.5-4 mm.

Holotype labelled ‘'Ft. B[enton], ’72,” Uhler Collection; paratypes
of Thyreocoris montanus Van Duzee, Ogden, Utah, July 1900, Van
Duzee (U. S. N. M.), and numerous other specimens from a range
extending from South Dakota and Iowa to Washington and California.

386

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Females which probably include both the present species and C.
virilis, sp. nov., but which cannot be separated at present, represent
the states of Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada,
Utah, and Arizona.

192. Allocoris (Parapora) incognita sp. nov.

[Corimelcena] cognatus (sic) Van Duzee, E. P., Ent. News. XXXIV, 1923, pp. 303-
304, in part.

A^neous-black, outer part of disk of mesocorium, exocorium, lateral
spots (sometimes faint) on sixth sternite in both sexes and more or
less of ultimate tergite of female yellowish to bright red; apex of tylus
(usually), tarsi, sometimes more or less of tibiae distally, antennae, and
beak, stramineous to testaceous.

Outline as in Fig. 229; head produced about one and one-half times
length of eye beyond anterior transocular line, front margin slightly
carinate, rounded or truncate medially, slightly sinuate laterally;
vertex, except occipital strip, pronotum, except callosities, and scu-
tellum numerously punctate with punctures of moderate size; corium
punctate, the punctures less conspicuous on the pale than on the dark
portions; lateral area of metapleurum broad, punctate over its inner
half; venter numerously punctate peripherally, nearly smooth dis-
cally; sixth sternite angulate anteriorly in male, subangulate in female,
fifth and fourth sternites constricted medially, most so in male;
ventral exposure of male hypopygium punctate, hind margin slightly
reflexed, a little concave medially, convex laterally, as seen from below;
dorsal rim (Fig. 255) almost as broad anteriorly as laterally, gradually
basined, depressed or bevelled off on forward half of anterior rim form-
ing a transverse pseudo-carina, which curves and evanesces laterally,
posterior part of rim of moderate width and slope; internal genitalia
of male as in Figs. 33, 34; female genital plates punctate, three-fourths
as long as sixth sternite, and about four times as long as postventer,
inner margins nearly as long as posterior, the latter nearly straight
but oblique in position (inner extremities farthest posterior) ; post-
venter only about one-third as long medially as laterally. Length
2.75-3.5 mm.

Holotype male, allotype female, and paratypes, Fort Yuma, Ariz.,
Jan. 20, H. G. Hubbard (U. S. N. M.) and other specimens from vari-
ous collections, mostly made paratypes, representing a range extend-
ing from Colorado and British Columbia south to Texas, California,
and Michoacan, Mexico. Two males of this species from the C. V.
Riley Collection are labelled only N. C. If this means Northern
California, all is well, but if it has the more usual meaning of North
Carolina, it seems that a mistake has been made.

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 387

193. Allocoris (Parapora) parana McAtee and Malloch.

Corimelana parana McAtee, W. L., and Malloch, J. R., Ann. Mus. Zool. Poland,
VII, 1928, pp. 42-43 [Parana, Brazil].

Most of head and pronotum, and disk of scutellum aeneous-black;
apex of head yellowish to reddish; margin of pronotum below lateral
Carina ivory; humeral prominences and closely adjacent areas, and
broad periphery of scutellum (excepting punctures) yellowish; clavus
castaneous to black, mesocorium testaceous, exocorium stramineous,
cubital vein sometimes fuscous, deepest on apical half; connexivum and
lateral spots on sternites yellowish, venter castaneous to black, more
or less aeneous; legs from knees, beak, and antennae, stramineous to
testaceous.

Head produced about twice length of eye beyond anterior trans-
ocular line; front margin scarcely carinate, subangulate medially,
sinuate laterally; vertex coarsely punctate, except on the wrinkled
tylus and smoothish occipital strip, the punctures more or less in trans-
verse rows; pronotum moderately punctate, except on callosities and
humeral prominences; scutellum rather thickly and coarsely punctate
everywhere, except on anterior disk, where the punctures are sparser
and finer, declivity rugulose; clavus and corium sparingly punctate,
the punctures much finer on the exocorium; lateral area of meta-
pleurum broad, sparingly punctate along inner side; sternites finely
punctate laterally, smoother medially, especially the sixth; the
latter angulate anteriorly, sternites five, four, and three, constricted
medially; ventral exposure of hypopygium punctate, channeled
transversely, hind margin convex, as seen from below, with a slight
median indentation (Fig. 247), dorsal rim (Fig. 246) broad, granular,
and gently sloping anteriorly, broader at lateral angles, hind wall
thin, with a broad bridge at bottom to central disk, central excavation
almost pentagonal in outline, large, and deep. Length 3 mm.

Holotype male, Sao Domingo, Parana, Brazil, Feb. 25, 1922 (Polish
Museum); another male received after publication of the original
description is from Santos, Brazil, Oct. 17, 1898, H. Brauns (Ham-
burg Museum).

194. Allocoris (Parapora) virilis sp. nov.

The description of C. extejisa applies to this species in all particulars
except sculpturing of dorsal rim of hypopygium which is described in
key.

Posterior sternites of male as in Fig. 231 ; dorsal rim of hypopygium
as in Fig. 254; internal genitalia of male. Figs. 27-28.

Holotype Send par atypes. Cedar Ranch, Ariz., 7.6; paratypes: Spokane,
Wash., Aug. 4, C. V. Piper; California, Baker Collection; Placer Co.,

388

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Calif., September, Riley Collection; Lindsay, Calif., June 24, 1909,
W. A. Davidson; Los Angeles, Calif., D. W. Coqiiillett, also Uhler
Collection; Mojave, Calif., Uhler Collection; Camas Prairie, Idaho,
L. Bruner; Weiser, Idaho, July 21, 1913, on Antirrhinum, Woliston
(U. S. N. M.); Buckskin Valley, Iron Co., Utah; June 29 (Barber);
Seligman, Ariz. (Knight); Caliente, Calif., April 19, 1907 (Ac. Nat.
Sci. Phila.).

Subgenus Epipora subgen. nov.

Characters as given in the key, p. 359.

In addition it is worth noting that because of the deep and close
puncturing of the scutellum the submarginal impressed line usually
very evident in most species in the family is entirely obliterated.
Subgenotype Allocoris signor etii sp. nov.

195. Allocoris (Epipora) signoretii sp. nov.

/Eneous-black, exocorium and most of mesocorium stramineous;
lateral spots on sternite six, and submargin of ultimate tergite,
yellowish; legs chiefly castaneous; apices of tibiae, tarsi, antennae,
beak, and apex of tylus, testaceous.

Head produced twice length of eye beyond anterior transocular line,
front margin subcarinate, narrowly rounded medially, slightly sinuate
laterally; whole dorsal surface, except occipital strip of vertex, and
callosities of pronotum copiously punctate, the punctures chiefly of
moderate size; lateral area of metapleurum broad, punctate on inner
half; venter copiously punctate peripherally, somewhat smoother dis-
cally; sixth sternite subangulate anteriorly, a little convex in middle
posteriorly, nearly as long as all the preceding sternites together, of
which five, four, and three are distinctly constricted medially, five
most so; genital plates densely punctate, less than half as long as sixth
sternite, longer than postventer, inner margins about three-fifths as
long as posterior, the latter slightly concave, and nearly transverse in
position. Length 4.5 mm.

Holotype female, Brazil, Signoret Collection (Vienna Museum).

McAtee & Malloch; Revision of the Thyreocokinhi. 389

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The bibliography contains full references to papers, which are
frequently cited in briefer form in the text, in addition to a few which
are not at all mentioned in the systematic account, for the reason that
they treat forms, which we have been unable to identify. All refer-
ences to identified species described singly and to genera set up in
papers not included in the bibliography are given in full in the text.

Berg, C. Hemiptera Argentina enumeravit speciesque novas descripsit.
Buenos Aires, 1879. Reprint from An. Soc. Cien. Arg., Vol. V-IX.
The genus Thyreocoris is treated on pp. 16-22, and 277-278, ten
species being listed of which six are described as new. We are able
to identify only one of these, namely longirostris \ the unidentified
are circumfusa, jlavo-hisignata, pampeana, setigera, and xanthopns
all described from Buenos Aires. We are informed that the types
of Berg are destroyed.

Berg, C. Addenda et Emendanda ad Hemiptera Argentina. Re-
printed from An. Soc. Cien. Arg., Vol. XV-XVII, Buenos Aires,
1884.

Thyreocoris xanthocnemis sp. nov. (Corrientes) is described on pp.
16-17, “ T. schmidtii Fabr.” recorded. We are unable to

identify these names.

Breddin, G. Neue oder wenig gekannte neotropische Hemiptera.
Abhandl. der Senckenberg. naturforsch. Gesellsch., XXXVI, i,
1914, PP- 53-59-

Original descriptions of Thyreocoris nitens and T. difficilis, types
of both of which have been seen.

Dallas, W. S. List of the Specimens of Hemipterous Insects in the
Collection of the British Museum, Part I, 1851, pp. 56-60.

Cites sixteen species in Corimelccna, of which five are described as
new; we have seen the types of all of these.

Fabricius, J. C. Systema Rhyngotorum secundum ordines, genera,
species adiectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus,
1803.

In the genus Tetyra (pp. 128-145) he includes six species now
ranged in Thyreocorince of which four are described as new.
Three of the latter have been identified by examination of type
material, while the fourth, lateralis, is left unidentified.

390

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Germar, Ernst Friedrich. Beitrdge zii einer Monographic der
Schildwanzen. Zeitschrift fiir die Entomologie, i, 1839.
Odontoscelis, pp. 36-43, includes fifteen species, five of which are
described as new; all the latter have been accounted for from
examination of type material.

Horvath, G. Analecta ad Cognitionem Cydnidarum. Ann. Mus.
Nat. Hung., XVII, 1919, pp. 209-232.

A key is given to nine genera, six of them new. Twenty-two species
and one variety are described as new. Types of all have been
studied.

J ensen-Haarup, A. C. Hemipterological Notes and Descriptions,
IV, 27. Preliminary Descriptions of new Hemiptera in the Col-
lections of the Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Ent. Meddel.
XVI, 1926.

On pp. 45-49 are described as new six Thyreocorince, the type
material of all of which has been seen.

Malloch, J. R. Thyreocorinae in Hart, C. A., The Pentatomoidea
of Illinois with keys to the Nearctic Genera. Bull. 111. State Nat.
Hist. Survey, XIII, Art. 7, June 1919, pp. 206-216, various figs.
The genus Cydnoides, one species of Galgupha, and four species of
Corimelcena are described as new by this author; two species of
the last-named genus also are described as new by W. L. McAtee.
Typical or paratypical material of all of these forms has been
studied.

McAtee, W. L., and Malloch, J. R. Thyreocorince from the State of
Para?id, Brazil. Annales Musei Zoologici Polonici, VII, pp. 32-
44. April 1928 (July).

A report on twenty species, eleven of which besides four sub-
genera are described as new. The paper has a summary in Polish
prepared by Dr. T. Jaczewski.

Montandon, a. L., Viaggio del Dott. A. Borelli nella Republica
Argentina e nel Paraguay, XVIII. Hemipteres Heteropteres.
Premiere liste et descriptions d’especes nouvelles. Boll. Mus.
Zool. Anat. Comp. Univ. Torino, No. 219, Dec. 1895.

Thyreocoris borellii (pp. 1-2) [Salta, San Pablo] seems to be a
Gyrocnemis, but in the absence of authentic specimens we cannot
identify it.

Mulsant, Etienne, and Rey, Claudius. Histoire naturelle des
Punaises de France. Scutellerides, 1865.

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 391

The group here treated as Thyreocorince are included in the family
Eucoriares (pp. 12-13) under two genera Coreomelas { = Thyreo-
coris) and Eucoria new. The type of the latter genus is a new
species, E. marginipennis, based on a single specimen collected
near Marseilles, which Horvath (Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung. 17, 1919,
p. 213) says is almost certainly imported. Horvath tentatively
identified this species with Odontoscelis pulicarius Germ., with
which the description does for the most part agree. The tibiae
are described as unarmed or nearly so, however, which does not
agree, and tibia not spined is one of the principal characters of the
new genus. The type specimen has not been examined by any
other than the original authorities, and is not even known to be
extant. Under the circumstances we consider Eucoria un-
identifiable.

Palisot de Beauvois, a. M. F. J. Insects recueillis en Afriqiie et
en Ameriqiie, i8oy.

Scutellera unicolor (pp. 32-33, PI. V, fig. 5) [San Domingo and
United States] is unidentifiable from the description and figure,
the species no doubt was composite, and the type probably has
been destroyed.

Say, Thomas. Descriptions of new species of Ileteropterous Hemiptera
of North America, 1831; Complete Writings, 1859, p. 31 1.
Thyreocoris hister aides of this work is unidentifiable; the second
species described as T. alhipennis is treated on p. 343, of the
foregoing monograph.

Stal, Carl. Hemiptera mexicana enumeravit speciesque novas de-
scripsit, Ent. Zeit. (Stettin), 23, 1862.

On pp. 94-95 are four species described in the genus Thyreocoris
of which three are new; types of all seen.

Stal, Carl. Bidrag till Rio- Janeiro- Traktens Hempiter- Faima, i,
Kgl. Svenska Vet. Akad. Hand!., 2, No. 7, 1862.

On pp. 8-9 are listed eight species of Corimelcena, four of which are
here first described; types of all of them have been studied.

Uhler, P. R. Hemipterological Contributions — No. i, Proc. Ent.
Soc., Philadelphia, 2, pp. 155-162, Sept. 1863.

Six species are described in the genus CorimelcEna\ type material
of all has been examined.

392

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Van Duzee, E. P. A Rearrangement of our North American Thyreo-
corince (Hemip.). Entomological News, 34, No. 10, Dec. 1923,
pp. 302-305.

Incorporation of the findings of Horvath (1919), and of Malloch
(1919) in a check list of nearctic species; description of two new
species, both identified in the present paper.

Walker, Francis. Catalogue of the Specimens of lleteropterous-
Ilemiptera in the Collection of the British Museum, i, 1867.

The genus Corimelcena, pp. 77-81, with thirty-one species, includes
seven described as new, the types of all of which have been ex-
amined.

Westwood, J. O. Descriptions of several new species of exotic Hemi-
pterous Insects. Trans. Ent. Soc. London II, i, 1837, pp. 18-24,
PI. II (in part).

Eumetopia fissiceps (p. 19, PI. II, fig. 4) [Middle America] placed
in the Corimelienidae by Lethierry and Severin is of unknown
affinities so far as the present authors are concerned. See also
p. 196.

Wolff, Johann Friedrich. leones Cimicum descriptionihus illiis-
tratce, 214 pp., 20 pis. 1800-1811.

Cimex nitiduloides, p. 98, Pi. 10, Fig. 92 is here (p. 205) identified,
as we have seen the type; Tetyra helopioides, p. 174, PI. 27, Fig.
168 is unidentifiable from the description and illustration and
the type has not been seen.

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorinve. 393

APPENDIX 1.

Notes on the Genera, Strohbosoma Amyot and
Serville and Carrabas Distant.

We have discussed in the introduction (p. 196) certain characters
of these genera, commented on their affinities to the Thyreocorincc,
and given reasons for not more definitely pronouncing upon their
place in the classification of the Pentatomoidea .

It may be added here that these genera further agree with the
Thyreocorincc in the general structure of the prosternum and pleura,
and in having the mid and hind coxa^ elongate and mostly concealed
in cavities of the sterna, with only the external apices strongly chiti-
nized.

A key contrasting these genera with Thyreocoris Schrank, but not
mentioning the general characters discussed in the introduction
follows:

1. Exposed coriuni attaining fourth (cf) or fifth ( 9) segment, broad, rounded

apicalljc exocorium broad with about three irregular series of punctures
(Fig. 66) Thyreocoris Schrank.

Exposed corium attaining only the third segment, narrow, acute apically,
exocorium narrower (Figs. 74, 75) 2

2. Vertex vertical, gently convex, jugse not produced.

Strombosoma Amyot and Serville.

Wrtex sloping, deeply excavated, jugae greatp’ produced, apex of head more
or less deeply cleft. (Figs. 258, 260) Carrabas Distant.

Genus STROMBOSOMA Amyot and Serx ille.

Strombosoma Amyot, C. J. B., and Serville, A., Histoire Naturelle des Insectes.
Hemipteres, 1843, pp. 64-65 [Monobasic, genotype 5. unipunctatum- sp. nov.].

Form very gibbous; pleura in general coarsely punctate, ostiolar
area relatively smaller ^than in Thyreocoris \ except for difference in
size exhibited by our limited material, the two named forms might be
regarded as color varieties of a single species. Due to paucity of ma-
terial, however, we deem it best to follow custom and treat them as two
species.

Key to the Species.

I. An oval luteous spot on middle of posterior part of pronotum; exocorium

reddish, paler apically unipunctatum Amyot and Serville.

Without these color markings impictum Stal

394

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

196. Strombosoma unipunctatum Amyot and Serville.

Slromhoso7y:-a imi punctatum Amyot, C. J. B., and Serville, A., Histoire Naturelle des

Insectes Hemipteres, 1843, p. 65 [Senegal].

Black with the exceptions noted in key, and the testaceous tarsi,
antennae, and beak.

Head produced about one and one-half times length of eye beyond
anterior transocular line; front margin distinctly reflexed, gently
rounded medially, slightly concave laterally; vertex coarsely punctate
throughout; pronotum punctate, except on the small callosities, the
punctures coarsest antero-laterally, least conspicuous discally,
especially at the color-marking, those on posterior half more or less
rastrate; scutellum copiously punctate the punctures sparse, but
scarcely less coarse on anterior disk; corium as in Fig. 74; all divisions
of exposed elytra punctate, mesocorium most coarsely so; metapleurum,
except ostiolar surface, wholly punctate; sternites coarsely punctate
but little smoother medially (in female, no male available at this
writing) ; sixth sternite of male subangulate anteriorly, nearly as long
at middle as the preceding sternites together (all of which are con-
stricted medially) ; ventral exposure of hypopygium about a half-
circle, coarsely punctured, posterior margin deeply emarginate
medially so that central disk is visible from behind, a small angulate
process in middle of emargination ; dorsal rim broadest at lateral angles,
nearly flat, sloping inwardh^ only slightly, closely fitting central disk.
Sixth sternite of female subangulate anteriorly, about as long as the
preceding three sternites together, all of which are more or less con-
stricted medially, the fifth and fourth greatly so, deeply rounded-
emarginate posteriorly for reception of the genital plates, which with
the subgenital and anal plates form an almost circular figure; genital
plates longitudinally wrinkled on inner two-thirds of area, punctate
on outer third; genital plates about three-fourths as long as sixth
sternite and about equal in length to postventer; inner margins
slightly elevated, about equal in length to posterior, the latter some-
what conca\’e, but nearly transverse ^n position; subgenital and anal
plates all punctate, subtriangular and of about equal area; hind coxa
as in Fig. 5. Length 3 mm.

Ilolotype male, Senegal, Signoret Collection (Vienna Museum),
and a female, possibly a paratype, Senegal (Paris Museum).

197. Strombosoma impictum Stab

CoriynelcFna impicta Stal, C., Nya Hemiptera fran Cafferlandet, Ofv. Kgl. Vet.

Akad, Fdrh., 10, 1853, p. 212 [Caffraria].

Like the preceding species, except as noted in key, and in size.
Length 3-3.75 mm.

Ilolotype male, Caffraria, J. Wahlberg (Stockholm Museum), and a
female from Djibouti, H. Coutiere, 1897 (Paris Museum).

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin.e. 395

Genus CARRABAS Distant.

Carrabas Distant, W. L., Fauna of British India, Rhynchota IV, 1908, pp. 421-422
[Monobasic, genotype C. 7naii}nis sp. nov., India], Described in the Plataspidince.

Agrees with Thyreocoris in gibbous form, sulcate tibiae, and simple
venation; jugae connivent in front of tylus, forming an anteriorly
furcate process (Figs. 258, 260), which in male is longer than re-
mainder of head; ocelli far back on occiput and nearer to eyes than
to median line; antennae five-segmented (not four-segmented as de-
scribed) the second segment being short, about one-third length of
third, the others of about equal length, the fourth clavate and the
fifth fusiform.

198. Carrabas maurus Distant.

Bibliographic reference as under genus, p. 422 [Madras].

Black, apex of corium yellow in female, reddish in male; antennae
testaceous basally, castaneous apically; tarsi testaceous.

Vertex coarsely punctate, the process also in female, that of male
smoother; dorsum of prothorax and scutellum copiously punctate,
only the small calli being smooth; pleura coarsely punctate, including
lateral area of metapleurum; venter coarsely punctate, smoother
medianly in male; sixth sternite of male subangulate anteriorly,
convex posteriorly, hypopygium only narrowly exposed as viewed
from below, ventral surface, vertical, punctate with a small elliptical
posteriorly directed opening at upper border, dorsal rim not visible;
female genitalia not seen by authors in carded specimen, but later
sketched by W. E. China (Fig. 257); corium as in Fig. 75; arrange-
ment of spiracles and trichobothria as in Fig. 259; hind coxae as in
Fig. 6; head of female from above. Fig. 258, and of male Fig. 260.
Measurements kindly furnished by \\h E. China; Length 9 , 3.34
mm., breadth 2.64 mm; length cf 3.67 mm. (cephalic process 0.96
mm.), breadth 2.23 mm.

Ilolotype female, Walton, Madras, on Casiiarinia, July 6, 1903,
E. P. Stebbing; male, Colombo, Ceylon, Aug. 27, 1923 (British Mu-
seum).

^ APPENDIX 2.

Summary of Genera and Species.

Described

species

New

Genus, subgenera indented

seen

Species

Total

Galgupha

Euryscvtiis

II

27

00

Bonaria

I

I

Gyrocene^nis

14

22

36

39(3

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Described

Genus, subgenera indented

species

seen

New

Species

Total

Ctenopoda

2

2

Tvepocnemis

I

I

Orocoris

I

I

Acrotmetiis

5

I

6

Galgupha

5

2

7

M icroconipsiis

2

Nothocoris

9

17

26

PsestopJileps

7

15

17

Pteronomos

I

6

7

Charoda

• ■ ^

1

I

Acritophleps

I

I

Astiroderma

I

I

2

Cydnoides

Cydnoides

2

I

5

Sayocoris

7

I

3

Cosmarioides

5

3

Alkindus

2

2

Amyssonotum

I

I

Pericrepis

I

I

2

Pruhleria

I

I

Thyreocoris

I

I

Godmania

I

I

Allocoris

Allocoris

12

10

22

Termapora

I

I

Parapora

4

2

6

Epipora

I

I

Total

8i

II4

195

One genus and ten of the subgenera above listed, as well as five
subspecies and five varieties are described as new in the present paper.
McAtee and Malloch have described in previous papers one genus,
four subgenera, and six species here accepted as valid.

In the bibliography mention is made of nine species probably cor-
rectly assigned to the subfamily and of three, which may or may not
belong to it, that remain unidentified. In Appendix i are treated two
previously described genera containing three species of the Old World,
assignment of which to subfamily is not made.

398

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

A

EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV.

Fig. I. Galgupha {Nothocoris) chilocoroides, dorsal outline.

Fig. 2. Galgupha (Euryscytus) signatipennis, hind coxa undissected.

Fig. 3. Galgupha (Eiiryscytus) sp., hind coxa extracted.

Fig. 4. Cyrtomenis sp., hind coxa extracted.

Fig. 5. Strombosoma sp., hind coxa extracted.*

Fig. 6. Carrabas maurus, hind coxa extracted.*

Fig. 7. Galgupha (Gyrocnemis) giUtiger, ventral view of abdomen of male, right
side, showing bristles and trichobothria.

Fig. 8. Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) guttiger, dorsal view of abdomen of male, left side.

Fig. 9. Cyrtomenis mirabilis, dorsal view of scutellum and left hemelytron,

P = pronotum, C = corium, M = membrane, A = abdomen, S = scutellum.
Fig. 10. Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) nitens, hind wing. Veins designated.

Fig. II. Galgupha (Euryscytus) sp., ventral aspect of left side of head.

Fig. 12. Pangceus sp., ventral aspect of left side of head.

*Figs. 5 and 6 are drawings by W. E. China.

ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Vol. XXL

For explanation see opposite page,

ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Vol. XXI.

Plate V.

For explanation see opposite page.

McAtee & Malloch; Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 399

Fig. 13.

Fig. 14.

Fig. 15.

Fig. 16.

Fig. 17.
Fig. 18.
Fig. 19.

Fig. 20.

Fig. 21.
Fig. 22.
Fig. 23.
Fig. 24.
Fig. 25.
Fig. 26.

Fig. 27.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE V.

Thyreocoris scarabceoides, genitalia of female from below, with genital
and subgenital plates separated to show the two pairs of hooks.

Allocoris (Allocoris) gillettii, genitalia of female from below, with genital
and subgenital plates slightly separated.

Galgupha (Euryscytus) guttiger, genitalia of female from below, with
genital and subgenital plates slightly separated.

Cydnoides (Sayocoris) albipennis, genitalia of female from below, with
genital and subgenital plates slightly separated.

Thyreocoris scarabceoides, internal genitalia of male, side view.
Thyreocoris scarabceoides, internal genitalia of male, dorsal view.

Galgupha ( Nothocoris) nitiduloides subspecies caerulescens, internal
genitalia of male, side view.

Galgupha ( Nothocoris) nitiduloides subspecies caerulescens, internal
genitalia of male, dorsal view.

Galgupha {Galgupha) carinata, internal genitalia of male, side view.
Galgupha {Galgupha) carinata, internal genitalia of male, dorsal view.
Galgupha {Galgupha) denudata, internal genitalia of male, dorsal view.
Allocoris {Allocoris) gillettii, internal genitalia of male, side view.
Allocoris {Allocoris) gillettii, internal genitalia of male, dorsal view.
Allocoris {Allocoris) interrupta, internal genitalia of male, dorsal view
of apex.

Allocoris {Parapora) virilis, internal genitalia of male, side view.

400

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Fig. 28.

Fig. 29.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI.

Allocoris (Parapora) virilis, internal genitalia of^ male, dorsal view.
Allocoris {Parapora) cognata, internal genitalia of male, lateral view of

Fig. 30.

apex.

Allocoris {Parapora) cognata, internal genitalia of male, dorsal view of

Fig. 31.

apex.

Allocoris {Parapora) extensa, internal genitalia of male, lateral view of

Fig. 32.

apex.

Allocoris {Parapora) extensa, internal genitalia of male, dorsal view of

Fig. 33.

apex.

Allocoris {Parapora) incognita, internal genitalia of male, lateral view of

Fig. 34.
Fig. 35.
Fig. 36.
Fig. 37.
Fig. 38.
Fig. 39.
Fig. 40.
Fig. 41.
Fig. 42.
Fig. 43.
Fig. 44.

apex.

Allocoris {Parapora) incognita, internal genitalia of male, dorsal view.
Cydnoides {Cydnoides) ciliatus, internal genitalia of male, lateral view.
Cydnoides {Cydnoides) ciliatus, internal genitalia of male, dorsal view.
Cydnoides {Sayocoris) albipennis, internal genitalia of male, lateral view.
Cydnoides {Sayocoris) albipennis, internal genitalia of male, dorsal view.
Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) sp., corium showing names of areas and veins.
Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) nitens, hemelytron, markings omitted.

Galgupha {Euryscytus) difficilis, corium.

Galgupha {Bonaria) longirostris, corium.

Galgupha {Gyrocne^nis) dimorphus, corium.

Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) nitens, corium.

Costo-

ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Vol. XXL

Plate VI.

34

, Costed- 'furroyt'
,-*£xocoria,l y^in,
Zuittus

Cla-yeLs

39

For explanation see opposite page.

ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Vol. XXL

Plate VII.

For explanation see opposite page.

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^e. 401

Fig. 45.
Fig. 46.
Fig. 47.
Fig. 48.
Fig. 49.
Fig. 50.
Fig. 51.
Fig. 52.
Fig. 53-
Fig. 54.
Fig. 55.
Fig. 56.
Fig. 57-
Fig. 58.
Fig. 59.
Fig. 60.
Fig. 61.
Fig. 62.
Fig. 63.
Fig. 64.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII.

Galgupha (Gyrocnemis) diminuta, corium (entirely black).
Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) singularis, corium.

Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) differentialis, corium.

Galgupha {Ctenopoda) sp., corium.

Galgupha {Orocoris) arizonensis, corium.

Galgupha {Trepocnemis) anomala, corium.

Galgupha {Acrotmetus) crassa, corium.

Galgupha {Galgupha) air a, corium.

Galgupha {Galgupha) aterrima, corium.

Galgupha {Galgupha) ovalis, corium.

Galgupha {Microcompsus) daldorfi, corium.

Galgupha {Nothocoris) mar gini colli s, corium.

Galgupha {Psestophleps) bisignata, corium.

Galgupha {Charoda) simplex, corium.

Galgupha {Acritophleps) luteomarginata, corium.

Galgupha {Astiroderma) albipennis, corium.

Cydnoides {Cosmarioides) setiventris, corium.

Alkindus atratus, corium.

Amyssonotum rastratum, corium.

Pericrepis callosula, corium.

402

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII I .

65. Priihleria incerta, corium.

66. Thyreocoris scarabaeoides, corium.

67. Godmania aterrima, corium (punctures omitted).

68. Allocoris (Allocoris) pidicaria, corium. ')

69. Allocoris {Allocoris) gillettii, corium.

70. Allocoris {Allocoris) interriipta, corium.

71. Allocoris {Allocoris) elegans, corium.

72. Allocoris {Allocoris) harti, corium.

73. Allocoris {Parapora) extensa, corium.

74. Stromhosoma uni pun datum, corium.

75. Carrabas maurus, corium.

76. Galgupha {Euryscytus) opacifrons, head from above, punctures shown on
one side only.

77. Galgupha {Euryscytus) corvina, head from above, punctures omitted.

78. Galgupha {Euryscytus) assimilis, external genitalia of female.

79. Galgupha {Euryscytus) laevis, 5th and 6th sternites and external genitalia
of female.*

80. Galgupha {Euryscytus) signatipennis, 6th sternite and external genitalia
of female.

81. Galgupha {Euryscytus) varipennis, external genitalia of female.

82. Galgupha {Euryscytus) Iccvis, apex of venter of male type.*

83. Galgupha {Euryscytus) obesa, apex of venter of male and, below on right,
hypopygium from the side.

84. Galgupha {Euryscytus) signatipennis, internal genitalia of male.

85. Galgupha {Euryscytus) difficilis, internal genitalia of male.

*Figs. 79 and 82, drawings from sketches by W. E. China.

For explanation see opposite page.

ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Vol. XXL Plate IX.

For explanation see opposite page.

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin.e. 403

Fig. 86.

Fig. 87.

Fig. 88.
Fig. 89.

Fig. 90.
Fig. 91.

Fig. 92.
Fig. 93.
Fig. 94.
Fig. 95-
Fig. 96.
Fig. 97.
Fig. 98.
Fig. 99.
Fig. ioo.
Fig. ioi.
Fig. 102.
Fig. 103.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE IX.

Galgupha (Euryscytus) difficilis, hind margin of male hypopygium from
below.

Galgupha {Euryscytus) difficilis, male hypopygium from below, and,
on right, apex of same in profile.

Galgupha {Euryscytus) contracta, male hypopygium from below.
Galgupha {Euryscytus) assimilis, top, apical portion of hypopygium of
male, dorsal view, and below, entire ventral view.

Galgupha {Euryscytus) regularis, male hypopygium from below.
Galgupha {Euryscytus) signatipennis, top, apical portion of hypopygium
of male, dorsal view, and bottom, entire ventral view; at right, in
profile.

Galgupha {Euryscytus) lucretia, left, male hypopygium from below;
right, in profile.

Galgupha {Euryscytus) locvis, top, dorsal view of male hypopygium;
bottom, ventral view; right, profile.

Galgupha {Euryscytus) opercula, top, dorsal view of male hypopygium;
bottom, ventral view; right, profile.

Galgupha {Euryscytus) punctata, above, hypopygium of male, dorsal
view; below, ventral view.

Galgupha {Euryscytus) corvina, above, hypopygium of male, dorsal
view; below, ventral view.

Galgupha {Euryscytus) rostrata, above, hypopygium of male, dorsal
view; below, ventral view.

Galgupha {Euryscytus) opacifrons, bottom, apex of male abdomen from
below; top, variation in hind margin of hypopygium.

Galgupha {Euryscytus) australis, above, hypopygium of male, dorsal
view; below, ventral view.

Galgupha {Euryscytus) basalis, above, hypopygium of male, dorsal
view; below, ventral view.

Galgupha {Euryscytus) jaczewskii, above, hypopygium of male, dorsal
view; below, ventral view.

Galgupha {Euryscytus) smidtii, above, hypopgyium of male, dorsal
view; below, ventral view.

Galgupha {Euryscytus) parallela, above, hypopygium of male, dorsal
view; below, ventral view.

404

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Fig. 104.
Fig. 105.
Fig. 106.
Fig. 107.
Fig. 108.

Fig. 109.
Fig. iio.
Fig. hi.
Fig. 112.

Fig. 113.
Fig. 114.
Fig. 115.
Fig. 1 16.
Fig. 117.
Fig. 118.
Fig. 119.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE X. ^

Galgiipha {Bonaria) longirostris, external genitalia of female.

Galgupha (Gyrocnemis) differ entialis, arrangement of trichobothria.
Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) dimorpha, arrangement of trichobothria.
Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) triconcava, external genitalia of female.
Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) parva, external genitalia of female, and above on
right, apex in profile.

Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) nitens, external genitalia of female.

Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) singular is, external genitalia of female.
Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) lineata, external genitalia of female.

Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) dimorpha, venter of female; a, apex of same in
profile; b, apex of venter of female of Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) acuta in
profile.

Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) cruralis, external genitalia of female,

Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) triconcava, apex of venter of male.

Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) differ entialis, apex of venter of male.

Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) nitens, apex of venter of male.

Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) diminuta, apex of venter of male.

Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) bicornis, apex of venter of male.

Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) guttiger, apex of venter of male.

ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Vol. XXL

Plate X.

17

118

For explanation see opposite page.

119

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 405

Fig.

120.

Fig.

I2I.

Fig.

122.

Fig.

123.

Fig.

124.

Fig.

125.

Fig.

126.

Fig.

127.

Fig.

128.

Fig.

129.

Fig.

130.

Fig.

131-

Fig.

132.

Fig.

133-

Fig.

134-

Fig.

135-

Fig.

136.

Fig.

137-

Fig.

138.

Fig.

139-

Fig.

140.

Fig.

141.

Fig.

142.

Fig.

143-

Fig.

144.

Fig.

145-

Fig.

146.

Fig.

147.

Fig.

148.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XL

Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) inaequalis, hypopygium of male from below.
Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) maculipennis, hypopygium of male from below.
Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) maculipennis, hypopygium of male, one half,
dorsal view.

Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) concava, hypopygium of male from below.
Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) concava, hypopygium of male, dorsal view.
Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) differ entialis, hypopgyium of male, dorsal view.
Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) novella, hypopygium of male from below.
Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) novella, hypopygium of male, dorsal view.
Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) parva, hypopygium of male from below.
Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) dimorpha, hypopygium of male from below.
Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) cruralis, hypopygium of male from below.
Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) cruralis var. taperina, hypopygium of male from
below.

Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) reinhardti, hypopygium of male from below.
Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) impressa, hypopygium of male from below.
Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) impressa, hypopygium of male, dorsal view.
Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) nitens, head of male, dorsal view.

Galgupha {Gyrocnemis) dimorpha, apex of tylus of male.

Galgupha {Ctenopoda) castor, fore tibia of male.

Galgupha {Ctenopoda) pollux, external genitalia of female.

Galgupha {Ctenopoda) castor, external genitalia of female.

Galgupha {Ctenopoda) castor, hypopygium of male from below.
Galgupha {Ctenopoda) castor, hypopygium of male, dorsal view.
Galgupha {Ctenopoda) pollux, hypopygium of male from below.
Galgupha {Ctenopoda) pollux, hypopygium of male, dorsal view.
Galgupha {Orocoris) arizonensis, hypopygium of male from below.
Galgupha {Orocoris) arizonensis, hypopygium of male, dorsal view.
Galgupha {Orocoris) arizonensis, fore tibia and femur, anterior view.
Galgupha {Acrotmetus) schulzii, hypopygium of male from below.
Galgupha {Acrotmetus) tucumanus, hypopygium of male from below.

406

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XII.

149. Galgupha (Galgupha) ovalis, scutellum in profile.

150. Galgupha {Galgupha) aterrima, scutellum in profile.

1 5 1. Galgupha {Galgupha) atra, apex of scutellum from above.

152. Galgupha {Galgupha) carinata, apex of scutellum frpm above.

153. Galgupha {Galgupha) denudata, apex of scutellum from above.

154. Galgupha {Galgupha) aterrima, apex of scutellum and abdomen of male
from below.-

155. Galgupha {Galgupha) atra, apex of scutellum and abdomen of male from
below.

156. Galgupha {Galgupha) carinata, apex of scutellum and abdomen of male
from below.

157. Galgupha {Galgupha) ovalis, apex of venter of male.

158. Galgupha {Galgupha) atra, fore tibia, anterior view.

159. Galgupha {Galgupha) ovalis, fore tibia, anterior view.

160. Galgupha {Galgupha) atra, male hypopygium, dorsal view.

161. Galgupha {Galgupha) carinata, male hypopygium, dorsal view.

162. Galgupha {Microcompsus) daldorfii var. fabricii, hind margin of pro-
notum, the scutellum and hemelytra, dorsal view, to show markings.

163. Galgupha {Microcompsus) daldorfii, apex of abdomen of male in profile.

164. Galgupha {Microcompsus) vinculata, apex of abdomen of male in profile.

165. Galgupha {Microcompsus) vinculata, dorsal view.

166. Galgupha {Microcompsus) vinculata, var. scymnoides, scutellum and
hemelytra, dorsal view, to show markings.

167. Galgupha {Microcompsus) vinculata, top, male hypopygium, dorsal
view; bottom, hind margin of hypopygium from below.

168. Galgupha {Microcompsus) daldorfii, top, male hypopygium, dorsal
view; bottom, hind margin of hypopygium from below.

ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Vol. XXI.

Plate XII.

ISf

154

For explanation see opposite page.

I

ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Vol. XXL

Plate XIII.

183 185

For explanation see opposite page.

McAtee & Mallgch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 407

Fig. 169.
Fig. 170.
Fig. 171.
Fig. 172.
Fig. 173-
Fig. 174.
Fig. 175.
Fig. 176.
Fig. 177.

Fig. 178.

Fig. 179.

Fig. 180.
Fig. 181.
Fig. 182.
Fig. 183.
Fig. 184.
Fig. 185.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIII.

Galgupha ( Nothocoris) chrostowskii, hypopygium of male from below.
Galgupha {Nothocoris) mar gini colli s, hypopygium of male from below.
Galgupha ( Nothocoris) nitiduloides, hypopygium of male, dorsal view.
Galgupha {Nothocoris) boliviana, hypopygium of male, dorsal view.
Galgupha { Nothocoris) alutacea, hind tibia, posterior view.

Galgupha ( Nothocoris) chrostowskii, sixth sternite of male.

Galgupha ( Nothocoris) chilocoroides, external genitalia of female.
Galgupha {Psestophleps) bisignata, hypopygium of male from below.
Galgupha ( Nothocoris) coccinelloides , scutellum and hemelytron, to
show markings.

Galgupha {Psestopheleps) bisignata, head and pronotum, dorsal view,
one half.

Galgupha {Psestophleps) mexicana, head and pronotum, dorsal view,
one half.

Galgupha {Psestophleps) neobisignata, hypopygium of male from below.
Galgupha {Psestophleps) bergiana, hypopygium of male from below.
Galgupha {Psestophleps) obovata, hypopygium of male from below.
Galgupha {Psestophleps) media, hypopygium of male from below.
Galgupha {Psestophleps) porcata, hypopygium of male from below.
Galgupha {Pteronornos) oblonga, dorsal view.

408

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIV.

186. Galgupha {Pteronomos) ruficornis, corium, and on right above, cross
section of same at base to show the flat depressed subcostal area.

187. Galgupha {Pteronomos) ruficornis, external genitalia of female type.*

188. Galgupha {Pteronomos) ruficornis, hypopygium of male; top, ventral
view; bottom, dorsal view.

189. Galgupha {Pteronomos) vittifrons, hypopygium of male; top, dorsal
view; bottom, ventral view.

190. Galgupha {Pteronomos) punctifrons, hypopygium of male; top, ventral
view; bottom, dorsal view.

191. Galgupha {Pteronomos) australis, hypopygium of male; top, ventral
view; bottom, dorsal view, with figure in center showing hind margin
in Galgupha {Pteronomos) ohlonga.

192. Galgupha {Pteronomos) china, top, ventral view of male hypopygium;
center, apical margin with abdomen more nearly on flat plane, and
bottom, dorsal view.

193. Galgupha {Charoda) simplex, head and pronotum, left side, dorsal view,

194. Galgupha {Charoda) simplex, fore femur.

195. Galgupha {Acritophleps) luteomarginata, male hypopygium from below.

196. Galgupha {Astiroderma) albipennis, dorsal outline.

197. Galgupha {Astiroderma) albipennis, external genitalia of female.

198. Galgupha {Astiroderma) albipennis, hypopygium of male, one side,
dorsal view.

199. Galgupha {Astiroderma) breddini, hypopygium of male, one side, dorsal
view.

200. Galgupha {Astiroderma) albipennis, scutellum and abdomen of female,
lateral view.

201. Galgupha {Astiroderma) breddini, scutellum and abdomen of female,
lateral view.

202. Cydnoides {Cosmarioides) setiventris, external genitalia of female.

203. Alkindus atratus, metasternum.

204. Alkindus atratus, head, dorsal view,

205. Alkindus atratus, hypopygium of male from below.

206. Alkindus atratus, hypopygium of male, dorsal view,

207. Alkindus atratus, apex of abdomen of female in profile.

208. Alkindus atratus, apex of abdomen of female from below.

209. Amyssonotum rastratum, head, dorsal view.

210. Amyssonotum rastratum, metasternum.

*After sketch by W. E. China.

Plate XIV.

ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Vol. XXL

294

209

For explanation see opposite page.

208

ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Vol. XXL

Plate XV.

211

212

215

219

223

224

228 227

For explanation see opposite page.

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 409

Fig. 21 I.

Fig. 212.

Fig. 213.
Fig. 214.

Fig. 215.
Fig. 216.
Fig. 217.
Fig. 218.
Fig. 219.

Fig. 220.
Fig. 221.
Fig. 222.
Fig. 223.
Fig. 224.
Fig. 225.
Fig. 226.
Fig. 227.
Fig. 228.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XV.

Amyssonoium rastratum rastratum, head and pronotum, dorsal view, left
side.

Amyssonoium rastratum flexum, head and pronotum, dorsal view, left
side.

Amyssonoium rastratum rastratum, male hypopygium from below.
Amyssonoium rastratum rastratum, external genitalia of female from
below.

Pericrepis callosula, male hypopygium from below.

Pericrepis callosula, external genitalia of female from below.

Pericrepis callosula, apex of abdomen of female in profile.

Thyreocoris scarabaeoides, external genitalia of female.

Thyreocoris scarabaeoides, head, dorsal view, punctures represented
only in part.

Pruhleria incerta, hypopygium of male from above and behind.
Godmania aterrima, head, dorsal view.

Godmania aterrima, external genitalia of female.

Allocoris (Allocoris) nigra, one side of venter.

Allocoris {Allocoris) alpina, lateral view, legs omitted.

Allocoris {Allocoris) agrella, lateral view, legs omitted.

Allocoris {Allocoris) gillettii, lateral view, legs omitted.

Allocoris {Allocoris) marginella, lateral view, legs omitted.

Allocoris {Termapora) minutissima, lateral view, legs omitted.

410

Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

Fig.

229.

Allocoris

Fig.

230.

Allocoris

Fig.

231.

Allocoris

Fig.

232.

A llocoris

Fig.

233-

Allocoris

Fig.

234-

Allocoris

Fig.

235-

Allocoris

Fig.

236.

Allocoris

Fig.

237-

A llocoris

Fig.

238.

Allocoris

Fig.

239-

Allocoris

Fig.

240.

Allocoris

Fig.

241.

Allocoris

Fig.

242.

A llocoris

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVI .

{Parapora) incognita, dorsal view.

{Parapora) calif ornica, dorsal view.

{Parapora) virilis, apex of venter of male.
{Parapora) extensa, apex of venter of male.
{Allocoris) limata, head, dorsal view.

{Allocoris) marginella, head, dorsal view.
{Allocoris) nigra, external genitalia of female.
{Allocoris) harti, external genitalia of female.
{Allocoris) palmeri, external genitalia of female.
{Allocoris) gillettii, external genitalia of female.
{Allocoris) marginella, external genitalia of female.
{Parapora) incognita, external genitalia of female.
{Parapora) extensa, external genitalia of female.
{Parapora) californica, genital plates of female.

240

237

239

241

238

242

For explanation see opposite page,

For explanation sec opposite page.

McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the Thyreocorin^. 411

Fig. 243.
Fig. 244.
Fig. 245.
Fig. 246.
Fig. 247.
Fig. 248.
Fig. 249.
Fig. 250.

Fig. 251.
Fig. 252.
Fig. 253,.
Fig. 254.
Fig. 255.
Fig. 256.
Fig. 257.
Fig. 258.
Fig. 259.
Fig. 260.
*Figs.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVI 1.

Allocoris {Allocoris) gillettii, hypopygium of male, dorsal view.
Allocoris {Allocoris) alpina, hypopygium of male, dorsal view.

Allocoris {Allocoris) pulicaria, hypopygium of male, dorsal view.
Allocoris {Parapora) Parana, hypopygium of male, dorsal view.
Allocoris {Parapora) parana, hypopygium of male from behind.
Allocoris {Allocoris) elegans, hypopygium of male from behind.
Allocoris {Allocoris) interriipta, hypopygium of male from behind.
Allocoris {Allocoris) barber i, hypopygium of male from behind, and
with lower margin of scutellum indicated by a line.

Allocoris {Allocoris) tibialis, hypopygium of male from behind.

Allocoris {Allocoris) pulicaria, hypopygium of male from behind.
Allocoris {Allocoris) palmeri, male hypopygium, dorsal view.

Allocoris {Parapora) virilis, male hypopygium, dorsal view.

Allocoris {Parapora) incognita, male hypopygium, dorsal view.
Allocoris {Parapora) cognata, male hypopygium, dorsal view.

Carr abas maurus, external genitalia of female.*

Carr abas maurus, head of female, dorsal view.*

Carr abas maurus, right side of venter of male.*

Carr abas maurus, head of male, dorsal view.*

257 to 260 are drawings by W. E. China.

m

■ '

XIII. NATICA SANCTI-VINCENTII, sp. nov.

By Stanley T. Brooks.

Shell globosely ovate, thin; four and one-half whorls, flattened,
translucent white, shining, overlaid by a thin deciduous orange-
brown epidermis; umbilicus narrow and deep, partially covered by the
columellar callus. Aperture semicircular; peristome simple.

Fig. I. Natica sancti-vincentii Brooks, sp. nov.

(Magnified seven diameters)

Described from three specimens, the largest of which is 7 mm. high,
the other two 6 mm. high. The aperture in all three specimens is
5 mm. long and 3 mm. wide.

Habitat: the west coast of St. Vincent, British West Indies.

The shells (types) described were collected by Mr. H. H. Smith in
dredging at ten fathoms, and are contained in the collection of recent
invertebrates in the Carnegie Museum. Catalog No. 62.3369.

413

INDEX

a cer, Crocodilus, 63
Acritophleps, 204, 206, 334, 396
Acrotmetus, 199, 205, 206, 273-274, 396
acuta, Galgupha, 241, 245, 246
aequalis, Stenophlebia, 106
^schna gigantea, 108
wittei, 1 12

^schnogomphus intermedius, 114
afer, Pericrepis, 352-353
African Birds, New Species and Sub-
species, 43

agrella, Allocoris, 361, 362-363
(Corimelaena), 362
Agrion, latreillei, 106
akarna, Galgupha, 294, 295
albipennis, Cydnoides, 342, 343-344
Galgupha, 335, 336-337
(Scutellera), 335, 336
(Thyreocoris), 342, 343, 391
albiventer, Noctilio, 172
albus, Diclidurus, 172
aliena, Galgupha, 212, 213
Alkindus, 195, 198, 202, 203, 347-348,
352, 396

allegheniensis, Delocrinus, 89
Allen, Glover M., 171
“Alligator Group,” 93
Allocoris, 198, 203, 358-359. 396
alpina, Allocoris, 361, 362, 363-364
altera, Galgupha, 315, 317-318
alticola, Allocoris, 360, 362, 364-365
(Eucoria), 364

alutacea, Galgupha, 293, 294, 295-296
americanus, Crocodilus, 64
amitta, Galgupha, 329-330, 33i
amphitrite, Heterophlebia, 107
Stenophlebia, 107
ampliata, Galgupha, 337
Amyssonotum, 198, 202, 203, 350, 396

Anax intermedius, 114
anderseni, Artibeus, 179
angolensis, Viridibucco coryphaea, 46
anomala, Galgupha, 272
Anosteirid, New, from the Uinta
Eocene, 16 1
Anoura geoffroyi, 176
anthracina, (Corimelaena), 376
Apalis bamendae strausae, 53
cinerea grandis, 52

apicata, Galgupha, 212, 213, 213-214,
229

Apochrysa excelsus, 122
Archegetes neuropterorum, 122
Archepsyche eichstattensis, 12 1
arizonensis, (Cydnoides), 273
Galgupha, 273
Artibeus anderseni, 179
planirostris fallax, 178
harti, 179

jamaicensis jamaicensis, 178
jamaicensis lituratus, 178
planirostris planirostris, 178
watsoni, 179
aspasia, Isophlebia, 105
assimilis, Galgupha, 207, 208, 212, 214-

215

Astiroderma, 204, 206, 335, 396
Atelopus pulcher, ii
varius, ii

aterrima, Galgupha, 280-281, 282, 284,
285

Godmania, 357-358

atra, Galgupha, 203, 279, 280, 281-282,
284

atratus, Alkindus, 347, 348-349, 350
aurita, Lonchorhina, 174
Vampyrus, 175

australis, Galgupha, 211, 213, 215, 217
Avinoff, A., 1 71

415

416

Index

bahamensis, Eptesicus, i8i
bairdii, Mesohippus, 68
bakeri, Galgupha, 293, 294, 296, 306
balcanicus, Thyreocoris, 356
barberi, Allocoris, 361, 362, 365
basalis, Galgupha, 21 1, 213, 216, 217
(Odontoscelis), 216
basigrapha, Galgupha, 244, 245, 246-247
basigraphus, (Euryscytus) , 246
Bats, Neotropical, in the Carnegie Mu-
seum, 171

bavaricus, Nannogomphus, 114
Bayet, Baron de, 98
beebei, Gonatodes, 12
bergiana, Galgupha, 316, 317, 318-319
Bibliography for Jurassic Insects, 128
Lizards and Amhibians of British
Guiana, 39

New Turtle from Duchesne Oligo-
cene, 160

bicornis, Galgupha, 240, 245, 247-248
bilineata, Saccopteryx, 171
bilineatus, Urocryptus, 171
bilobatum, Uroderma, 177
bisignata, Galgupha, 316, 317, 319
boliviana, Galgupha, 294, 296-297
Bonaria, 204, 205, 237, 395
borellii, (Thyreocoris), 390
brachymeles, Molossops, 18 1
brasilianus, Acrotmetus, 275
Galgupha, 274, 275
brasiliensis, Tadarida, 182
breddini, Galgupha, 335, 337
brevirostris, Cormura, 172
Emballonura, 172
brevis, Galgupha, 293, 294, 297-298
Brooks, S. T., 413

brunnipennis, Galgupha, 293, 294, 298
(Odontoscelis), 290, 298
Burke, J. J., 89

caerulescens, Galgupha, 306, 307-308
(Thyreocoris), 305
californica, Allocoris, 382, 383-384
(Corimelaena), 383

callosula, Pericrepis, 351, 352, 353-354
Canopinae, 199

Canopus, 195, 196
capito, Conocephalites, 117
caracasana, Galgupha, 291, 292, 294,
299

carbonata, Galgupha, 315, 317, 319-320
carinata, Galgupha, 280, 282-283, 284
Carollia perspicillata perspicillata, 176
Carpenter, F. M., 97
Carrabas, 196, 199, 393, 395
casta, Galgupha, 315, 317, 320
castor, Galgupha, 270, 271, 272
caudata, Galgupha, 207, 212, 217
caudiculata, Galgupha, 207, 212, 217
cellulosa. Ephemera, loi
Mesephemera, 10 1
Ceratophrys cornuta, 1 1
cetratus, (Acrotmetus), 233, 234
championi, Allocoris, 361, 362, 365-366
(Thyreocoris), 365
Charoda, 199, 204, 206, 333, 396
chilocoroides, (Corimelaena), 299
Galgupha, 292, 294, 299-300
Chilonycteris rubiginosa rubiginosa, 173
china, Galgupha, 329, 330-331
Chlaenocoris, 195
Chlorophoneus munzneri, 56
Chresmoda obscura, 118
chrostowskii, Galgupha, 292, 294, 300
Chrotopterus auritus, 175
Chrysopa protogaeus, 122
ciliata, (Corimelaena), 338, 339
ciliatus, Cydnoides, 339-340
circumfusus, (Thyreocoris), 249, 389
cirrhosus, Trachops, 175
Vampyrus, 175
Clark, John, 131, 161
coccinelloides, Galgupha, 292, 294, 300-
301

Coenina, 195, 196

cognata, Allocoris, 198, 382, 383, 384-

385

cognatus, (Corimelaena), 386
(Thyreocoris), 384
Cohen, Mrs. Josiah, 94
concava, Galgupha, 241, 243, 245, 248-
249, 264

concolor, Macrosphenus, 49

Index

417

confusus, Cydnoides, 339-341
Conocephalites capito, 117
contra, Galgupha, 212, 213, 217-218
contracta, Galgupha, 208, 212, 218
contrasta, Allocoris, 360, 362, 366
corallina, Allocoris, 360, 362, 366-367
Cordalis vetusta, 123
Cordulegaster intermedins, 114
Coreomelas, 355, 391
Corimelaena, 195, 198
Cormura brevirostris, 172
cornuta, Ceratophrys, ii
corvina, Galgupha, 209, 212, 219
corvinus, Euryscytus, 219
Cosmarioides, 338, 345, 396
costomaculata, Galgupha, 315, 316, 317,
320-321

crassa, Galgupha, 274, 275-276
crassicaudatus, Molossus, 183
crassicosta, Alkindus, 348, 349-35<5
Crawford, Stanton C., ii
Crocodilus acer, 63
americanus, 64
crucians, Hyaenodon, 65
cruenta, Galgupha, 212, 213, 219-220
cruentus, Euryscytus, 219
Hyaenodon, 64
cruralis, (Corimelaena), 249

Galgupha, 244, 245, 249-251
Ctenopoda, 199, 204, 205, 270, 396
cubanus, Metrobates, 86
Cursula, 195

curvata, Galgupha, 21 1, 213, 220
curvatula, Galgupha, 211, 213, 220-221
cyanea, (Corimelaena), 305-308
cyaneonigra, (Corimelaena), 305, 308
cydnoidea, Galgupha, 243, 245, 251
Cydnoides, 191, 202, 203, 338, 390, 396
Cymatholcus longus, 132
Cymatophlebia jurassica, iii
longialata, no
Cyrtaspis, 195, 196

daldorfii, Galgupha, 286, 287-288
(Tetyra), 286, 287
Dasypterus ega, 181
Delocrinus allegheniensis, 89

Delocrinus, A New Species of, 89
denticornis, Metrobates, 87
denudata, Galgupha, 280, 284
deperditum, Mesobelostomum, 119
Scarab aeides, 119
Dermonotus suapurensis, 173
Desmodus rotundus, 180
Diclidurus albus, 172
differentialis, Galgupha, 244, 245, 251-
252, 261

difficilis, Galgupha, 208, 212, 221-222
(Thyreocoris), 221, 389
digitata, Allocoris, 362. 367, 368
diminuta, Galgupha, 240, 245, 252, 253
diminutus, (Euryscytus), 252
dimorpha, Galgupha, 240, 241, 245,

253-254

Diplobunops uintensis, 74
di versa, Galgupha, 240, 245-254
Drake, C. J., 83
Duchesne horizon, 61

eas, Galgupha, 293, 294, 301-302. 306
Editorial Notes, 1-6; 57-60: 93-96
eichstattensis, Archepsyche, 121
Elcana lithophila, 117
phyllophora, 117
elegans, Allocoris, 361, 362, 368
elongata, Glossophaga, 176
elterleini, Notonectites, 120
Emballonura brevirostris, 172
Enchisthenes harti, 179
Eocicada microcephala, 121
Ephemera cellulosa, loi
mortua, 102
procera, loi

Epihippus intermedins, 66
Epipora, 359, 388, 396
Eptesicus bahamensis, 181
montosus, 18 1
Estemoa gigantea, 108
Eucoria, 195. 196, 359. 39i
Eumetopia, 195, 196
Eumops abrasus milleri, 182
Euryscytus, 203, 205, 206, 395
excelsus, Apochrysa, 122
Gigantotermes, 122

418

Index

eximia, Heterophlebia, 104
Tarsophlebia, 104

extensa, Allocoris, 198, 382, 383. 385-
386, 387

(Corimelsena), 382, 385
Eysarcoris, 196

fabricii, (Corimelaena), 313
Galgupha, 287-288
fallax, Artibeus planirostris, 178
fasciata, Hyla, ii

feminea, Allocoris, 360, 362, 368-369
Field Keys to the Lizards and Am-
phibians of British Guiana, 1 1
fimbriata, Galgupha, 317, 321-322
fissiceps, Eumetopia, 196, 268, 392
flavicans, Macrosphenus, 49
flavobisignatus, (Thyreocoris) , 319, 389
flavo-marginata, (Galgupha), 378
flexum, Amyssonotum, 351
fossata, Galgupha, 242, 245, 255-256
fossula, Galgupha, 294, 302
foveolata, Galgupha, 209, 213, 222
foveolatus, Euryscytus, 222
Fuehrer, Ottmar v., 94
fulvicornis, Thyreocoris, 356
fulvinervis, (Corimelaena), 356, 357
fulvipennis, (Corimelaena), 356, 357

Galgupha, 196, 198, 199. 202, 203, 205,
396

Galgupha (subgenus), 279
geayi, Galgupha, 243, 245, 256
geoffroyi, Anoura, 176
gigantea, ^schna, 108
Estemoa, 108

giganteus, Urogomphus, 108
Gigantotermes excelsus, 122
gillettii, Allocoris, 198, 359, 360, 362,

363. 369-371

(Corimelaena), 358, 359. 369
Glossophaga elongata, 1 76

longirostris longirostris, 176
soricina, 176
Godmania, 203, 357, 396
Gomphus koehleri, 113
Gonatodes beebei, 12

Good, A. I., 96
grandis, Apalis cinerea, 52
grenadensis, Galgupha, 292, 294, 302
grossa., Galgupha, 274, 276, 277
guttiger, Galgupha, 243, 245, 256-257
(Thyreocoris), 256
Gymnobucco calvus vernayi, 44
Gyrocnemis, 198, 203, 204, 205, 238-
239. 395

hageni, Mesonymphes, 12 1
Hamilton, William J., Jr., 79
Harris, H. M., 83
harti, Allocoris, 362, 371-372
Artibeus, 179
(Corimelaena), 371
Enchisthenes, 179
Hartley, Mrs. Thomas R., 96
hastatum, Vespertilio, 175
hastatus, Phyllostomus, 175
Heinz, Howard, 93
helopioides, (Tetyra), 392
heros, MevSOtermes, 122
Termes, 122

hesperia, Galgupha, 280, 284-285
hesperius, Metrobates, 84, 85
Heterletes leotanus, 68
Heterophlebia amphitrite, 107
eximia, 104

Hexagenites weyenberghi, 102
hirsutum, Micronycteris, 173
Schizostoma, 173
hirsutus, Xenoctenes, 173
histeroides, (Thyreocoris), 391
Holland, W. J., Obituary, i-iv
hughi, Poanes massasoit, 7, 9
Hyaenodon crucians, 65
cruentus, 64
mustelinus, 65
Hyla fasciata, ii
ornatissima, 12
Hyracodon, 70

imitans, Galgupha, 315, 317, 322
impicta, (Corimelaena), 394
impictum, Strombosoma, 393, 394
impressa, Galgupha, 244, 245, 257-258

Index

lit)

impressus, (Euryscj^tus), 257
iiiaequalis, Galgupha, 242, 245, 258
incerta, (Corimelaena), 354
Pruhleria, 354, 355

incognita, Allocoris, 382, 383, 384, 386
inops, Galgupha, 316, 317, 322-323
inornata, Galgupha, 291, 294, 302-303
insula, Galgupha, 207, 208, 212, 216, 223
insularis, Galgupha, 288, 289
Integra, (Corimelaena), 224, 225
intermedia Galgupha, 242, 245, 258-259
intermedius, ^schnogomphus, 114
Anax, 1 14
Cordulegaster, 114
Epihippus, 66

interrupta, Allocoris, 198, 361, 362, 368,

372-373. 384

(Corimelaena), 372
invaria, (Corimelaena), 249, 250
Isophlebia aspasia, 105

jaczewskii, Galgupha, 21 1, 213, 223-224
jamaicensis, Artibeus jamaicensis, 178
juno, Galgupha, 294, 303
Jurassic insects from Solenhofen in the
Carnegie Museum and the Mu-
of Comparative Zoology, 97
jurassica, Cymatophlebia, iii

Kay, J. Leroy, 61
kayi, Poabromylus, 75
Key to the Lizards of British Guiana, 12
koehleri, Gomphus, 113
Mesuropetala, 113
Uropetala, 113 -

kretschmeri, Macrosphenus, 49

labrata, Galgupha, 21 1, 213, 224
laevis, (Corimelaena), 224

Galgupha, 208, 209, 212, 224-225
Laniarius nyasae, 55
lateralis, (Corimelaena), 369
(Odontoscelis) , 369
Tetyra, 358, 359, 369. 389
(Thyreocoris), 369

latreillei, Agrion, 106
Stenophlebia, 106
luarae, Seicercus, 54
Leopold 11, King, 98
leotanus, Heterletes, 68
leporinus, Noctilio, 172
Vespertilio, 172
Leptodactylus minutus, 12
rugosus, 12

leptura, Saccopteryx, 172
lepturus, Vespertilio, 172
Libellula longialata, no
lilium, Phyllostoma, 177
Sturnira, 177

Limacodites mesozoicus, 120
limata, Allocoris, 360, 362, 373
lineata, Galgupha, 241, 245, 259
lineatum, Phyllostoma, 178
lineatus, Vampyrops, 178
Lithoblatta lithophila, 115
lithophila, Elcana, 117
Lithoblatta, 112
Mesoblatta, 115
Musea, 115

lituratus, Artibeus jamaicensis, 178
Lizards and Amphibians of British
Guiana, Field Keys to, 1 1
Lonchorhina aurita, 174
longialata, Cymatophlebia, no
Libellula, no

longirostris, Galgupha, 232,237-238
Glossophaga longirostris, 176
(Thyreocoris), 273, 389
longus, Cymatholcus, 132
lucretia, Galgupha, 206, 207, 208, 212,
225-226

lugubris, Galgupha, 327
luteomarginata, Galgupha, 334-335

Macrosphenus concolor, 49
flavicans, 49
kretschmeri, 49
pulitzeri, 47, 50
macrotis, Tadarida, 182
maculipennis, Galgupha, 221, 242, 243.

245. 259

(Odontoscelis), 238, 259, 314

420

Index

major, (Corimelama), 273, 274, 277, 278
Thyroptera discifera, 180
Malloch, J. R. & W. L. McAteo, Re-
vision of the Subfamily Thyre-
ocorinae, 191-41 1

mammilla, Galgupha, 21 1, 213, 226
marginalis, Galgupha, 291, 294, 299,

302, 303-304

marginella, Allocoris, 362, 373-374
(Corimelaena), 373

marginicollis, Galgupha, 292, 294, 304-

305

marginipennis, Eucoria, 391
(Odontoscelis), 336
massasoit, Poanes massasoit, 7
maurus, Carrabas, 395
mayana, Galgupha, 317, 323
McAtee & Malloch: Revision of the
Subfamily Thyreocorinae of the
Pentatomidae (Hemiptera-Heter-
ocera), 191-411

media, Galgupha, 316, 317, 323-324
medius, Mesamynodon, 71
megalotis, Micronycteris mcgalotis, 173
Phyllophora, 173
Megaris, 196

meinerti, Galgupha, 304, 305
melas, (Euryscytus), 257
Galgupha, 257

meridiana, Galgupha, 329, 330
Mesamynodon medius, 71
Mcsephemera cellulosa, 10 1
procera, loi

Mesobclostomum deperditum, 119
Mesoblatta lithophila, 115
Mesohippus bairdii, 68
Mesonepa minor, 120
primordialis, 120
Mesonymphes hageni, 121
Mesotermes heros, 122
mesozoicus, Limacodites, 120
Mesuropetala koehleri, 113
Metrobates cubanus, 86
denticornis, 87
hesperius, 84, 85
spissus, 88
trux, 87

Metrobates Uhler, A Syiioiisis of the
Genus, 83

mexicana, Allocoris, 369, 370-371
Galgupha, 316, 317, 324
micans, Allocoris, 360, 362, 374-375
microcephala, Eocicada, 121
Microcompsus, 205, 286, 396
Micronycteris hirsutum, 173
megalotis megalotis, 173
microphthalma, Galgupha, 291, 294,
305. 312

Miller, Gerritt S., Jr., 171
milleri, Eumops abrasus, 182 '

Pro mops, 182
minor, Mesonepa, 120
Pycnophlebia, 118
minuenda, Galgupha, 274, 276-277
minuta, Allocoris, 361, 362, 375-376
(Corimelaena), 375
minutissima, Allocoris, 381-382
(Corimelaena), 381
minutus, Leptodactylus, 12
Molossops brachymeles, 18 1
Molossus crassicaudatus, 183
obscurus, 183
pretiosus, 183
sinaloae, 183

monostira, Galgupha, 280, 285
montanus, (Thyreocoris), 385
montosus, Eptesicus, 18 1
morbiloci, Galgupha, 242, 245, 260
mortua. Ephemera, 102
Paedephemera, 102
miinzneri, Chlorophoneus, 56
Musea lithophila, 115
Mustela arctica semplei, 79
mustelinus, Hyaenodon, 65
Myotis nigricans nigricans, 180

nanella, (Corimelaena), 373
Nannogomphus bavaricus, 114
Natica sancti-vincentii, 413
neobisignata, Galgupha, 314, 315, 316,
317, 324-326
Nepa primordialis, 120
neuropterorum, Archegetes, 122

Index

421

New Species from the Oligocene of the
Uinta, 6i

New Species and Subspecies of African
Birds, 43

nigra, Allocoris, 359, 362, 376-377
(Corimelsena), 376
nigricans, Myotis nigricans, 180
nigritarsis, (Corimelaena), 356
nitens, Cydnoides, 345-346

Galgupha, 199, 243, 245, 260-261
(Thyreocoris), 260, 389
nitida, Galgupha, 210, 213, 226-227
nitidipennis, Galgupha, -243, 245, 261
nitiduloides, (Cimex), 305, 392

Galgupha, 286, 293, 294, 305-309
(Thyreocoris), 358
Noble, G. K., II
Noctilio albiventer, 172
leporinus, 172

notata, (Galgupha), 203, 352
notatipennis, (Corimelaina), 259, 313,

314

notha, Galgupha, 244, 245, 262
Nothocoris, 203, 205, 290-291. 396
Notonectites elterleini, 120
novatra, Galgupha, 243, 245, 262
novella, Galgupha, 241, 245, 262-263
nyasae, Laniarius, 55

obesa, Galgupha, 208, 212, 227
Obituary: W. J. Holland, i-iv
oblonga, Galgupha, 328, 329, 330, 331
obovata, Galgupha, 315, 316, 317, 326
obscura, Chresmoda, 118
obscurus, Molossus, 183
obtusa, (Corimelaena), 344
obtusus, Cydnoides, 342, 344
occulta, Galgupha, 244, 245, 263
oculata, Galgupha, 291, 294, 309-310
Oligocene of the Uinta, New Species
from the, 61

omissa, Galgupha, 243, 245, 263-264
opacifrons, Galgupha, 210, 213, 227-228
opercula, Galgupha, 209, 212, 228
orientis, Cydnoides, 340
ornatissima, Hyla, 12
Orocoris, 204, 205, 272-273, 396

Osmylites protogaeus, 122
ovalis, Galgupha, 280, 285-286

Paedephemera mortua, 102
pallipennis, Galgupha, 316, 317, 326-327
palmeri, Allocoris, 360, 361, 362, 377-
378

pampeanus, (Thyreocoris), 295, 331,

389

parae, Galgupha, 212, 213, 228
parallela, Galgupha, 210, 21 1, 213,

228-229

Parana, Allocoris, 382, 383, 387
(Corimelaena), 387
Parapora, 359, 382, 396
parva, Galgupha, 241, 242, 245, 264
parvula, Galgupha, 294, 310-31 1
Pentacemylus progressus, 72
peregrinus, Cydnoides, 342, 344-345
Pericrepis, 202, 203, 351-352, 396
persimilis, Acrotmetus, 278, 279
perspicillata, Corollia perspicillata, 176
Vespertilio, 176
Peterson, O. A., 61
phyllophora, Elcana, 117
Phyllophora megalotis, 173
Phyllostoma lineatum, 178
lilium, 177
rotundum, 180
Phyllostomus hastatus, 175
verrucosus, 175
pictula, (Corimelaena), 289
Galgupha, 288, 289
placata, (Eucoria), 384, 385
planirostris, Artibeus planirostris, 178
Plectoptera, 100
Plurocyon, 66
Poabromylus kayi, 75
Poanes massasoit hughi, 7, 9
massasoit, 7

Poanes massasoit, A New Species of, 7
polita, Allocoris, 360, 362, 378
(Corimelaena), 378
pollus, Galgupha, 270, 271-272
porcata, Galgupha, 315. 316, 317, 327
Prentice, Sydney, 63, 89
pretiosus, Molossus, 183

422

Index

primordialis, Mesonepa, 120
Nepa, 120

procera, Ephemera, loi
Mesephemera, 10 1
progressus, Pentacemjdus, 72
Promops milleri, 182
protogaeus, Chrysopa, 122
Osmylites, 122
Protolindenia koehleri, 113
wittei, 1 12

proxima, (Corimelaena), 216
Pruhleria, 198, 202, 203, 354, 390
Psestophleps, 204, 206, 314-315, 396
Pseudanosteira pulchra, 161
Pteronomos, 204, 206, 328, 396
Pteronotus suapurensis, 173
pulcher, Atelopus, ii
pulchra, Pseudanosteira, 161
pulicaria, Allocoris, 361, 362, 365, 369,

378-379

pulicarius, (Odontoscelis), 378, 379, 391
pulitzeri, Macrosphenus, 47, 50
punctata, Galgupha, 209, 212, 229-230
puncticollis, (Corimelaena), 356, 357
punctifer, Galgupha, 240, 241, 245,
264-265, 269

punctifrons, Galgupha-, 329, 332
Pycnophlebia minor, 118
speciosa, 117

quadrisignata, Galgupha, 244, 245, 257,
266-267

quadrisignatus, (Thyreocoris), 266

rasilis, Galgupha, 209, 213, 230-231
rastrata, (Corimelaena), 350
rastratum, Amyssonotum, 350-351
regularis, Galgupha, 208, 212, 231
reinhartdti, Galgupha, 244, 245, 257,
267

renormata, (Corimelaena), 341, 344
renormatus, Cydnoides, 339, 341-343
repetita, Galgupha, 292, 294, 31 1, 313
reticulatus, Cydnoides, 345, 346
Rhogeessa tumida, 18 1
romana, Galgupha, 21 1, 213, 231-232
rostrata, Galgupha, 209, 213, 232-233

rotundum, Phyllostoma, 180
rotundus, Desmodus, 180
rubiginosa, Chilonycteris rubiginosa,

173

ruficornis, (Corimelaena), 332

Galgupha, 328, 329, 330, 332
rugosus, Leptodactylus, 12

Saccopteryx bilineata, 171
leptura, 172

sahlbergi, Galgupha, 208, 212, 233
Sanborn, Colin C., 171
sancti-vincentii, Natica, 413
sayi, (Corimelaena), 343
Sayocoris, 338, 342, 396
Scarabaeides deperditum, 119
Scarab aeoides, (Cimex), 356
(Coreomelas), 355
Thyreocoris, 196, 355- 356-357
Schizostoma hirsutum, 173
schmidtii, (Thyreocoris), 389
schulzii, (Cimex), 274, 277

Galgupha, 234, 274, 277-278, 279
(Tetyra), 277

scymnoides, Galgupha, 288, 289-290
Seicercus laurae, 54

semilimbata, Galgupha, 291, 292, 294,
311-312

Semple, John B., 95
semplei, Mustela arctica, 79
setiger, (Thyreocoris), 277, 278, 389
setiventris, Cydnoides, 345, 346-347
signatipennis, Galgupha, 208, 212, 233-

234

(Odontoscelis), 233
signoretii, Allocoris, 388
simplex, Galgupha, 333-334
sinaloae, Molossus, 183
singularis, Galgupha, 241, 245, 267-268
smidtii, Galgupha, 206, 210, 213, 234-

235

(Odontoscelis), 313
(Tetyra), 206, 234, 235
soricina, Glossophaga, 176
soror, Galgupha, 241, 242, 245. 268
speciosa, Locusta, 117
Pycnophlebia, 117

Index

423

sphsericus, (Cimex), 356
sphaeridioides, Acrotmetiis, 277, 278
spissus, Metrobate.s, 88
Stenophlebia aequalis, 106
amphitrite, 107
latreillei, 106

stramineipennis, Galgupha, 291, 294,
305. 312

straiisae, Apalis bamendae, 53
Strombosoma, 195, 196, 199, 393
Stupakoff, S. H., 95
Sturnira lilium, 177
suapurensis, Dermonotus, 173
Pteronotus, 173
surda, Galgupha, 292, 294, 313
surinamensis, Galgupha, 288, 290
Sutton, George M., 79

tabellula, Galgupha, 316, 317, 327-328
tabiada, (Corimelsena), 268
(Eumetopia), 268
Galgupha, 243, 245, 268-269
Tadarida brasiliensis, 182
macrotis, 182
taperina, Galgupha, 251
Tarsophlebia eximia, 104
Teleodus uintensis, 62
Termapora, 359, 381, 396
Termes heros, 122
terminalis, (Corimelsena), 313
Galgupha, 292, 294, 313-314
testudinarius, (Cimex), 356
texana, Galgupha, 240, 245, 269
texensis, Galgupha, 306, 307, 308-309
Thyreocoris, 195-198, 201, 203, 350,
355. 391. 393. 395-396

Thyroptera discifera major, 180
tibialis, Allocoris, 361, 362, 379-38 1
(Tetyra), 379

torquatus, Tropidurus torquatus, ii
Trachops cirrhosus, 175
Trepocnemis, 205, 272, 396
triconcava, Galgupha, 241, 243, 245,
269

Tropidurus torquatus torquatus, ii
trux, Metrobates, 87
tuberculatus, (Cimex), 356

tucumanus, Acrotmetus, 278
Galgupha, 274, 278-279
tumida, Rhogeessa, 181
Turtle, New, from the Duchesne Oli-
gocene of Uinta Basin, 13 1

Uintacyon, 66
uintensis, Diplobunops, 74
Teleodus, 62

unica, Galgupha, 244, 245, 270
Unicolor, (Scutellera) , 391
unipunctatum, Strombosoma, 393, 394
Urocryptus bilineatus, 171
Uroderma bilobatum, 177
Urogomphus giganteus, 108
Uropetala koehleri, 113

valvata, Galgupha, 210, 213, 235
Vampyrops lineatus, 178
Vampyrus auritus, 175
cirrhosus, 175

varipennis, Galgupha, 207, 212, 236
varius, Atelopus, ii
vernayi, Gymnobucco calvus, 44
verrucosus, Phyllostomus, 175
Vespertilio hastatum, 175
leporinus, 172
lepturus, 172
perspicillatus, 176
vetusta, Cordalis, 123
vinculata, Galgupha, 286, 288-289
vinculatus, (OdontOvScelis) , 288
violacea, Galgupha, 305, 308
Viridibucco coryphaea angolensis, 46
virilis, Allocoris, 198, 382, 383, 386,
387-388

vittifrons, Galgupha, 329, 333
vulnerata, Galgupha, 209, 213, 236-237
vulneratus, Euryscytus, 236

watsoni, Artibeus, 179
Weasel, A New Arctic, from South-
ampton Island, 79
weyenberghi, Hexagenites, 102
Williams, S. H., ii

424

Index

wittei, ^schna, 112
Protolindenia, 112
Wright, Mrs. Christina, 96

xanthocnemis, (Thyreocoris), 389
xanthopus, (Thyreocoris), 389
Xenoctenes hirsutus, 173

I

-7 , . contents''

7^ ■ . .

Editorial Notes ... . . . . . . 185-189

XII. Revision of the Subfamily Thyreocorinae of the Penta-

tomidae (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). By W. L. McAtee
AND J. R. Malloch . . . . . . . 191-411

XIII. Natica Sancti-vincentii. By Stanley T. Brooks . 413

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