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La x hs 7 ‘ ‘ : é Y . ’ $ * * ‘\ ‘ ' y \ ’ ‘4 : . - < . . - ; Te AN , . 2 P - . . | | z 4 / . ’ + . . ? = . ste *- BREE: a HAMEED ES eh 4) i eae tal ¥ ilar era) i vs hie, = att “, i ~ “4 « tex Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from California Academy of Sciences Library http://archive.org/details/annalsofcarnegieO228carn Sha ANNALS OF THE Pow NGI: MUSEUM VoLtume WI. 1909-1910 Wo tOLLAND:. -Lazior PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHORITY OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE AUGUST, I909-AUGUST, I9QIO. eas OR CONTENTS. Title-page and Table of Contents List of Plates List of Figures in Text Errata et Corrigenda ‘ . ; : Editorial Notes. : : . I-33; 301-303: I. Report on the BN edieihto Barich Guiana of the Indiana University and the Carnegie Museum, 1908. Report No. 1. Some New Genera and Species of Fishes from British Guiana. By C. H. Eigenmann. : ; 3 II. Report on the Expedition to British Guiana of the Indiana University and the Carnegie Museum, 1908. Report No. 2. A New Genus and Twelve New Species of Tetra- gonopterid Characins. By Marion Lee Durbin III. Contributions toa Knowledge of the Odonata of the Neotrop- ical Region, Exclusive of Mexico and Central America. By Philip P. Calvert : IV. Deinosuchus hatcheri, a New Genus te Species a Ccodile from the Judith River Beds of Montana. By W. J. Hol- land V. Report on the Be ition: Been Cuaas sale tacPona University and the Carnegie Museum, 1908. Report No. 3. The Marine Fishes. By Christian B. Blosser VI. Preliminary Description of Some New Titanotheres from the Uinta Deposits. By Earl Douglass VII. An Annotated List of the Birds of Costa Rica (eetedine eee Island. By M.A. Carriker, Jr. Index lil Vii ix-X 917-919 55-72 72-280 » 281-204 . 295-300 - 304-313 314-015 920 Fisk OF PLATES, Illustrations of South American Odonata. Explanations pp. 264-280, Bodianus stellatus Blosser. Chromis marginatus Castelnau. Holocanthus lunatus Blosser, and Spheroides asterias Blosser. Dentition of Telmatherium, Dolichorhinus, and Manteoceras. Skull of Dolichorhinus longiceps Douglass. Palatal View of Skull of Dolichorhinus longiceps Douglass. Folding Map of Costa Rica. iS th Or RiGURES IN LEX, PAGE Lateral view of left side of seventh (?) dorsal vertebra of Deinosuchus hatcheri . ; ; : : : : : : : 1282 Anterior view of Deinosuchus hatcheri . ; : ; 283 Posterior view of Deinosuchus hatcheri . : : : : : . 283 Lateral view of the left side of the last (?) lumbar vertebra of Deinosuchus hatcheri . ‘ F 3 ; ; : : : : . 284 First cervical rib of Deinosuchus hatcheri : : : . . 286 Seventh (?) dorsal rib of Deinosuchus hatcheri : : ; : 250 Right pubis of Deinosuchus hatcheri : ; : ; ‘ Ou Diagram of arrangement of scutes on back of Crocodilus acutus floridanus 288 Cervical scute of Crocodilus acutus floridanus . Dorsal view : . 289 Cervical scute of Crocodilus acutus floridanus. Ventral view , e280 Cervical scute of Crocodilus acutus floridanus. Dorsal view . 290 Cervical scute of Crocodilus acutus floridanus. Posterior view : . 290 Cervical scute of Crocodilus acutus floridanus. Right lateral view . . 290 Cervical scute of Crocodilus acutus floridanus. Anterior view : . 290 Dorsal scute of Crocodilus acutus floridanus. Dorsal view 4 : 2Ou Sacro-caudal scute of Crocodilus acutus floridanus ; i 20K Superior view of skull of Telmatherium (2) incisivum Douglass : 1305 Palatal view of Telmatherium (?) incisitvum Douglass ‘ ; : . 306 Lateral view of Telmatherium (?) incisivum Douglass : : : . 306 Palatal view of skull of Manteoceras uintensis Douglass ; 2 1308 Lateral view of Manteoceras uintensis Douglass : : : ; . 308 Palatal view of skull of Dolichorhinus heterodon Douglass : : gyi) Lateral view of skull of Dolichorhinus heterodon Douglass : BUI Superior view of skull of Dolichorhinus longiceps Douglass , 1 Bie vii IS h-Or PiG Ui S EN TEX Pr. PAGE Lateral view of left side of seventh (?) dorsal vertebra of Deinosuchus hatcheri . ; : ‘ : : ; : : : : . 282 Anterior view of Deinosuchus hatcheri . : 3 283 Posterior view of Deinosuchus hatcheri . : ‘ ; : 282 Lateral view of the left side of the last (?) lumbar vertebra of eee hatchert. : : ; : f : : : . 284 First cervical rib of DER bios hatchert : é ; . : 7286 Seventh (?) dorsal rib of Deinosuchus hatcheri : : f 5 286 Right pubis of Deinosuchus hatcheri : : : 207 Diagram of arrangement of scutes on back of ee acutus si ceiaA 288 Cervical scute of Crocodilus acutus floridanus . Dorsal view : . 289 Cervical scute of Crocodilus acutus floridanus. Ventral view : . 289 Cervical scute of Crocodilus acutus floridanus. Dorsal view : . 290 Cervical scute of Crocodilus acutus floridanus. Posterior view ; . 290 Cervical scute of Crocodilus acutus floridanus. Right lateral view . . 290 Cervical scute of Crocodilus acutus floridanus. Anterior view ; . 290 Dorsal scute of Crocodilus acutus floridanus. Dorsal view é é . 291 Sacro-caudal scute of Crocodilus acutus floridanus : ; : 291 Superior view of skull of Telmatherium (?) incisivum Douglass : . 305 Palatal view of Telmatherium (?) incisivum Douglass : : : . 306 Lateral view of Telmatherium (?) incistvum Douglass ; : ; . 306 Palatal view of skull of Manteoceras uintensis Douglass : . 308 Lateral view of Manteoceras uintensis Douglass , 2 : , 2 208 Palatal view of skull of Dolichorhinus heterodon Douglass : : PASO Lateral view of skull of Dolichorhinus heterodon Douglass g ; bait Superior view o/ skull of Dolichorhinus longiceps Douglass ; ; Loa vil Bivhen LATE, CORRIGENDA. Page 72, line 18, for “group” read ‘‘work.”’ Page 76, line 20, for ‘tracks’ read ‘‘tracts.”’ Page 76, line 23, for ‘‘La Chapada” read ‘‘do Chapada.”’ Page 97, under No. 22, Lestes spumarius, insert ‘‘(Pl. I., figs. 7, 19, 20).’’ Page 117, lines 19, 20, for ‘Porto Rican”’ read ‘‘Costa Rican.”’ Page 236, line 12, for ‘‘oscellata’”’ read ‘“‘ocellata.”’ Page 276, line 7, for ‘‘Queredo” read ‘“Quevedo.”’ Page 278, line 6, for “Oyagrion” read ““Oxyagrion.” Page 280, line 3, for ‘““Gymnothemis’” read ‘“‘Gynothemis.”’ Page 314, line 10, for “‘of”’ read “in.” Page 323, line 1, for ‘A phantotriccus’ read “A phanotriccus.”’ Page 323, line 9g, for “‘saturata’’ read “‘saturatus.”’ Page 323, line 30, for “‘ceruleigularis” read ‘“‘ceruleigularis.”’ bf Page 324, line 12, for ‘“‘brunneinucha”’ read “‘brunneinuchus.’ } ‘ Page 324, line 33, for ““Amazilis”’ read “Amizilis.”’ Page 325, line 17, for “‘albibarba”’ read “‘albibarbis.”’ ’ Page 329, line 36, for ‘‘castaneiceps’”’ read “‘rufipectus.’ Page 329, line 39, for “hoffmani” read “‘hoffmanni.”’ Page 335, for ‘“‘Barranca’”’ read “‘Barranca.”’ Page 338, for ‘‘Cervantes’’ read “‘Cervantes.”’ Page 339, for ‘‘Coralillo”’ read ‘‘Coralillo.”’ Page 343, for ““Guayabo”’ read “Guayabo.”’ Page 347, for ‘“‘Navarro’”’ read “Navarro.” Page 355, line 34, for “‘A phantotriccus” read ‘‘A phanotriccus.”’ Page 357, for ‘‘Zarcero’”’ read ‘‘Zarcéro.”’ ’ Page 359, lines 29 and 30, for “‘rufodorsalis’”’ read “‘rufidorsalis.’ ‘ y Page 360, line ro, for ‘‘eneus’’ (second) read “‘@nea.’ Page 414, line 5, for “podicips’’ read “‘podiceps.”’ Page 427, line 2, for ““Ajaja’’ read “‘Ajaia.”’ Page 438, line 32, for “PLOTIDZz” read “ANHINGIDZ.”’ Page 439, line 13, for “ Pelicanus’’ read “‘ Pelecanus.”’ ix ».¢ Page 440, line Page 441, line Page 444, line Page 483, line Page 484, line Page 484, line Page 511, line Page 512, line Page 518, line Page 578, line Page 617, line Page 628, line ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 9, for 1, fof 37,106 8, for 8, for 17, for 10, for ‘“‘ Pelacanus”’ read “‘ Pelecanus.”’ PELICANID& read PELECANID&. “jfurcaius “read forgearus. ‘aztec’ read ‘‘astec.”’ “Pyrrhua”’ read “‘Pyrrhura.”’ ‘“ Pyrrhua” read “ Pyrrhura.”’ ““eneus’’ read ‘‘enea.”’ yiand 11, for “Claris tread! Kilagss. 23) OE Pl fon 18, for 2. OL ““ceneus”’ read ‘‘eenea.”’ ’ ‘“Jacameras” read “‘Jacamerops.’ ‘“Izmostica’’ read “‘lamosticta.’’ ’ “castaneiceps”’ read “‘rufipectus.’ Miige or OE the / Carnegie Museum August, 1909 j fas 4 “ ; OF THE Vou Vi NG. I. Serial No. 59 Vi STE SpS hee So ae | Sls aN Ne eh enon DP heugt aoe a =i ba fie ae LM rye A PUBLICATIONS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM SERIAL No. 59 BINA UE Es ORF DHE eewNE CIE MUSEUM Non: wb. No: | W. J. HOLLAND, LZditor PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHORITY OF THE - BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE AUGUST, 1909 ‘ ‘ 1 } 4 f il a , i ‘) ’ “* 4 a iy, E wee) 14a" f i] a ern a Sel ae oe ; PRESS OF i 5 THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY LANCASTER. PA : : 4 ANNALS BARKNEGIE MUSEUM VOEUME Viz NOx 1. EDITORIAL NOTES. THE fourth annual meeting of the American Association of Museums, held in Philadelphia from May the r1th to the 14th, was attended by a delegation from the Carnegie Museum consisting of the Director, Dr. A. E. Ortmann, Professor C. H. Eigenmann, Mr. and Mrs. O. E. Jennings, Mr. Earl Douglass, and Mr. J. A. Santens. Generous hospi- tality was accorded to the Association, and the arrangements which were made by Dr. W. P. Wilson and his associates were in the very highest degree agreeable. Many excelJent papers were read and interest- ing discussions took place. The gathering from all parts of the United States of those who are engaged in the work of Museums, the oppor- tunity to interchange views and to compare experiences is undoubtedly of the highest value, and it is to be sincerely hoped that the constantly growing membership of the Association will finally come to include all those who are in any way connected with or interested in the work of the museums of the western hemisphere. The volume of Proceed- -ings for the last year, issued under the editorial supervision of Mr. P. M. Rea, is very creditable both from a literary and typographical standpoint. INTEREST in the work of the Entomological Society of Western Pennsylvania has been revived, and the Society has resumed its meet- ings at the Carnegie Museum. The last two sessions have been well attended by the working entomologists of the neighborhood and a number of very interesting and instructive displays of specimens show- “ 1 a 2 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. ing the life-habits of various species have been brought before the meetings. It is sincerely hoped that this Society, which is capable of doing much to promote the interests of this important branch of science, may gather into its membership many, who have not as yet identified themselves with it. Botany and entomology are the two branches of science which are most easily cultivated, and multitudes of those who have risen to eminence as naturalists began their early studies in one or the other. Western Pennsylvania is particularly interesting both from the standpoint of the botanist and the entomolo- gist. Within this region is the meeting place of several faunas and floras, and much remains yet to be done. New species are constantly being discovered, even among our flowering plants, and hundreds of insects have been found within recent years, some of which have been named, and many of which remain to be made known to science. It is a great mistake to suppose that either the fauna or the flora of even so long a settled state, as that in which we live, is completely known. Ir is the wish of the authorities of the University of Bologna that the replica of the skeleton of the Diplodocus, which Mr. Carnegie has so kindly authorized to be presented to the King of Italy, and which His Majesty has decided shall be placed in the Hall of Vertebrate Paleon- tology of the new Aldrovandi Museum, which is in process of erection, shall be installed by the end of October ; and it is also the wish of the Intendant of the Imperial Museum in Vienna that the like replica, which has been accepted by His Majesty, the Emperor of Austria, shall be installed in September. Strenuous efforts are therefore being made to comply with their wishes and to have the replicas completed, so that they may be shipped in time to permit of their installation as desired. A REORGANIZATION of the Committee on the Museum, necessitated by the death of Mr. C. C. Mellor, and a change in the composition of the Board of Trustees, owing to the retirement from office of a number of those who represented the city through its councils, has been made. Mr. George H. Clapp has been appointed to the chairmanship of the Committee, and Mr. Howard Heinz and Dr. F. H. Colhouer have been added to the Committee, thus filling two vacancies which existed in it. Colonel S. H. Church still: remains the Secretary amas Committee. EDITORIAL. a the history of the institution. ~~» Re SS A rRENUOUS efforts are being made to bring the large collections of soholic specimens which belong to the Museum into perfect order. e accumulated treasures of the past ten years prove to be very great. his is especially true in the Section of Ichthyology, and it is our hope I. REPORTS ON THE EXPEDITION TO BRITISH GUIANA OF THE INDIANA UNIVERSITY AND THESGARS NEGIE MUSEUM, 1908.’ REpoRT No. 1. SOME NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF FISHES FROM BRITISH GUIANA. By CarL H. EIGENMANN. On August 22, 1908, I sailed by the Quebec S. S, Line from New’ York for Georgetown, British Guiana. I was accompanied by Mr. S. E. Shideler as volunteer assistant. We returned to New York the following December with a very large collection of fresh-water fishes. The general object of the expedition was to collect fishes from some of the rivers of South America flowing north from the Amazonian water- shed. The particular object was to collect in some of the streams fall- ing from the plateau of Guiana. The Potaro was selected. It arises in an unexplored region on the plateau of Central Guiana. At Aruataima, forty miles from the eastern edge of the plateau, there are cataracts. This is the most distant and most elevated point at which collections were made. At the Kaieteur Fall the Potaro River leaves the plateau by a drop of seven hundred and forty-one feet. This fall with the gorge below forms some of the most impressive scenery in the world. The gorge is about fifteen miles long. ‘There are numerous cataracts below the Kaieteur, the last of which is the Tumatumari Cataract. The Potaro empties into the Essequibo River near Crab Falls. Collections were made at the following localities: Essequibo River 1In order that the results of the explorations made by the author may, as soon as possible, become available by the scientific world, it has been decided to publish diag- noses of the new species as rapidly as they are worked up according to families. A full monograph upon the fishes of British Guiana, thoroughly illustrated, is in process of preparation. This paper will include a résumé of the labors of Schom- burgk, Miiller & Troschel, Giinther, and others. The successful results of Professor Eigenmann’s expedition will add a large number of species to those heretofore known to occur in that region, The present paper was written in the Zodlogical Laboratory of Indiana University and forms No. tot of the Contributions from that laboratc ry. W, J. HOLLAND. 4 EIGENMANN: THE EXPEDITION TO BRITISH GUIANA. 5 at Warraputa Cataract; Essequibo River opposite the mouth of the Konawaruk River; Essequibo River at Crab Falls; Essequibo River at Rockstone ; Tributary of Essequibo River, on Gluck Island, Rock- stone; Bartica; Demarara River at Malali; Demarara River at Wis- mar; Demarara River at Christianburg; Christianburg Canal; De- marara River near Freiheit ; Demarara River at Georgetown, George- town Market ; Upper Potaro River at Aruataima Cataract ; Tributaries of Upper Potaro River at Holmia ; Upper Potaro River at a sand-bank two hours below Holmia; Upper Potaro River at Savannah Landing ; Shrimp (Orimetuk) Creek ; Lower Potaro at Tukeit ; Lower Potaro at Waratuk Cataract ; Lower Potaro at Amatuk Cataract ; Lower Potaro at Kangaruma ; Erukin Creek near confluence with the Lower Potarc ; Creek near Potaro Landing ; Lower Potaro: at Tumatumari ; George- town Trenches and Botanic Garden Trenches ; Cane Grove Corner ; Lama Stop-off and Maduni Stop-off about twenty-five miles east of Georgetown ; Moro Passage ; creeks and trenches about Koriabo Rub- ber Plantation ; and Aruka River in the northwestern territory near the Venezuelan frontier. The type specimen and a series of other specimens of each species are deposited in the Carnegie Museum at Pittsburgh. A full series is also retained in the collections of the Indiana University. In the following pages C. M. following a number refers to the collections of the Carnegie Museum ; I. U. refers to those of the Indiana University. Order NEMATOGNATHI. Family LORICARIIDA. CoRYMBOPHANES gen. nov. Allied to Rhinelepis. No adipose fin, the fin replaced by a low median ridge extending from the tip of the dorsal to the caudal ; no externally visible occipital crest. Corymbophanes andersoni sp. nov. Type unique, 86 mm. (No. toor Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes.) Aruataima Falls, Upper Potaro. Head 3% in the length, measured to end of opercle and end of the eieeueiates, depth 6; D..1,7; A. 1,4; V.1,53; P. 1,6; lat. 1. 24; eye 5% in snout, 7% in head to end of opercle, 3 in interorbital. Oral disk everywhere thickly papillose, the papillee largest along the margin of the upper lip and smallest at the angle of the mouth ; barbel 6 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. about 2% in the snout, its free portion less than orbit in length, its ventral surface papillose ; maxillary and dentary of about equal length, a little less than 1% in the interorbital, each jaw with numerous minute teeth. Ventral surface entirely naked ; margin of snout in front of base of barbels naked ; predorsal scales not regular ; posterior margin of skull concave on each side of the occipital crest, which is indicated by a point ; no ridges or grooves about the head ; lateral plates straight, not keeled ; a rather broad naked area along the dorsal. Origin of dorsal in front of the vertical from the ventrals; ventrals a little in advance of the middle; highest dorsal ray reaching to about the middle of the last ray, 4% in the length ; caudal emarginate, the lower lobe slightly longer; origin of anal under vertical from middle of last dorsal ray; ventrals reaching middle of anal, pectorals past origin of ventrals. Dark, with faint lighter spots ; fin rays dark, the membranes hyaline. I take pleasure in naming this species, obtained at my farthest point, for C. Wilgress Anderson, Government Surveyor, an explorer in the Potaro and Roraima regions. LITHOGENES gen. nov. Characters of P/ecostomus, the dermal armature reduced to a few ossicles on the back behind the adipose and along a median line from above the origin of the anal to the caudal. Lithogenes villosus sp. nov. Type unique, 44mm. (No. 1002 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes.) Aruataima Falls, Upper Potaro. - Head 3.5; depth 7; D. 8; V. 1,4, P. 1,8; eye 6 in) Some head, 2.75 in interorbital ; width of head equals snout and orbit ; width behind the pectorals about + greater than the height. Oral disk large, margined by a series of incisions ; lips smooth with the faintest rugosities ; a bunch of about twenty-five blunt villi in im- mediate association with the dentary ; barbel equal to prenasal part of the ‘snout measuring from the base of the barbel, free part of barbel equals eye; a narrow free membrane from the barbel margining the lip outside of the incised inner margin from the barbel to a point behind the angle of the mouth. Dentary with two teeth, each with two widely diverging cusps ; pre- EIGENMANN: THE EXPEDITION TO BRITISH GUIANA. 7 maxillary with eight teeth, each with two nearly parallel cusps, of which the inner one is much the longer. Origin of the dorsal above the middle of the ventrals, the first ray, not much more than half as long as the second, not spinous, the highest ray a little less than the snout ; spine of the adipose 2 of the length of the snout, covered with a few spines, tip of spine nearly reaching end of base of adipose part of the fin; caudal rather deeply emarginate, the lower lobe the longer ; origin of anal half way between tip of dorsal and origin of adipose ; outer ventral ray very thick and fleshy, covered with spines, its base much wider than that of the rest of the fin, reaching a little more than half way to anal; length equal to the snout ; pec- torals reaching to near tip of ventrals, its spine not much larger than the rest of the rays, with a few prickles. Naked except for a double series of plates along the ventral surface of the caudal peduncle from near the tip of the anal and curved up on either side of the caudal to the base of the middle rays ; about fourteen platelets along the middle of the sides from above the origin of the anal to the base of the middle caudal rays, widest above the tip of the anal where they are a little wider than the eye ; a double series of plates on the back, beginning on either side of the spine of the adipose to the caudal ; outer caudal rays with prickles, a few spinelets on the caudal. A dark band from the eye forward, increasing in width to above the base of the maxillary ; back and upper part of sides marbled ; caudal dark, the outer rays lighter. Genus LorICARIA Linnzeus. Loricaria microdon sp. nov. ? Loricaria acuta (non Valenciennes) Miiller & Troschel, in Schom- ipeie -iweisen in Brit. Guiana’’; I], 631. (Sand bars of the Rupununi. ) | This species is closely allied to, if not identical with, acu/a. Regan gives the lower lp of acwfa as entire. Type, 90 mm. (No. 1507 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes. ) Rupununi. Cotypes, two, 76 and 112 mm. to tip of middle caudal ray. (lI. eye. Rupununi. ei Head 4-42; width of head 12-11 in its length; eve 6, equal to interorbital ; snout 2+ in the head; width at first anal ray 54—- 8 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 64 in its distance from the caudal ; 17 or 18 + 14 scutes, the keels remaining separate throughout; upper lip not developed in the middle, entire on the sides in the largest specimen, fringed in the type; lower lip notched in the middle, deeply concave on each side in the type; the barbe]l extends considerably beyond the widest part of the lip, its free portion equal to the eye. Margin of the lower lip notched. Lips smooth. Lower lip in the largest specimen damaged, apparently reaching to the gill-opening, with a marginal fringe of tentacles. , Teeth excessively minute, twenty or more on each side of the lower jaw ; about eight conical teeth on each side of the upper jaw. Plates in front of the fourth dorsal ray keeled, a pair of keels on the occipital ; eyes with large angular notches which encroach on the in- terorbital in the largest specimen. Anal plate pointed in front, bor- dered by two or three plates, the three together united into a larger plate in the largest specimen; ventral buckler formed of six plates ; apparently only four in the largest, a single series of plates between the lateral series, two or more series further forward. Ventral armature reaching to the gill-opening, lower surface of head naked. Pectorals truncate, the spine not produced, scarcely reaching ven- tral; ventral rounded or the rays graduate, reaching to, or a little beyond, the origin of the anal. Dorsal spine equal to distance from snout to upper angle of gill-opening. Five or six cross-bands, the first extending down and forward fase the third and fourth dorsal rays, the second being a large spot on the sides a little in front of the tip of the dorsal ; dorsal spotted, most conspicuously so at its tip ; pectorals dusky, or faintly spotted ; ventrals a little lighter; anal hyaline; caudal faintly spotted ; the tip of the lower lobe black. Upper caudal ray scarcely produced. Loricaria griseus sp. nov. Type, 131 mm. over all, 118 to tip of middle caudal rays. (No. 1504 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes.) Conawaruk. Cotypes, 11 specimens, 36-108 mm. to base of middle caudal ray. Conawaruk. (C. M. Cat. No. 1505, a-c; I. U. Cat. No. tiqemm Cotypes, 22 specimens, 49-119 mm. to base of middle caudal rays. Bartica Sand Bank. (C. M. Cat. No. 1506, a@—e; I. U.\Gaige 1027.7) Allied to punctatus and maculatus. EIGENMANN: ‘THE EXPEDITION TO BRITISH GUIANA. 9 Head 4.5-5 ; width of head 1.4-1.5 in its length; eye 5; inter- orbital 6.5-—7 ; snout 2 in the head ; width at first anal ray 5-5.33 in its distance from the caudal; 18 or 19 + 11 scutes, the lateral keels remaining separate throughout. Upper lip well developed, thickly papillose in the types, and always margined with well-developed tentacles, which are shortest or absent at the center. Lower lip in the type very broad, extending to the middle of the opercle, everywhere minutely warty with a few larger warts on its anterior half, emarginate, otherwise with the edge smooth ; lips ordinarily much narrower, not much wider than the part with larger warts, deeply emarginate, and the edge with minute ten- tacles ; free portion of the barbel scarcely half the length of the eye. Teéth minute, about 6-8 on each side of the upper jaw and twelve on each side of the lower, those of the upper jaw much smaller than the largest of the lower jaw. Head without ridges, an obscure groove on the occipital, sometimes continued in the first or first two nuchal plates; orbital notch broad and shallow, rounded, not encroaching on the interorbital ; lower sur- face of the head naked; plates of the body without keels or ridges ; anal plate normally bordered by three plates, but sometimes by four or five ; two to four series of plates between the lateral plates of the belly ; anterior border of the ventral armature on a line with the gill-open- ings ; truncate or emarginate through the development of minute plates on the side in front. Pectoral truncate when half expanded, emarginate when depressed, the spine not prolonged, reaching second fourth of the ventrals. Ven- trals usually rounded, or truncate, scarcely reaching the anal ; in a few of the Bartica specimens the inner rays are prolonged, reaching to near the fourth anal ray ; upper caudal ray in a well-preserved specimen 2.5 times the length of the middle ray. Sand-colored, back everywhere spotted ; very obscure cross-bars ; dorsal, pectoral, and more obscurely the ventral colored like the back ; upper part of caudal with cross-bars, tip of lower caudal lobe blackish ; anal hyaline. | Loricaria stewarti sp. nov. Type, 81 mm. over all, 64 mm. to tip of middle caudal ray. (No. 1508 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes.) €hipoo Creek, a tribu- tary of the Ireng. 10 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Cotypes, II specimens, 52-68 mm. to tip of middle caudal rays. Chipoo Creek. CC. M. CatUNo: 1500, 2=¢c 1 Allied to magdalene, konopickyt and brunnea, differing from the latter in having the head strigilate. Head 5; width of head 1% in its length; eye 6, interorbital 4%, snout 2.2 in the head; width at first anal ray 5.33—5.66 in its distance from the caudal; 17 + 13 to 14 + 15 scutes, the lateral keels nearly merged behind. Upper lip with a marginal fringe of tentacles; lower lip not ex- tending to the gill-opening, papillose except near the margin, with a marginal series of tentacles. About six teeth on each side of the upper jaw and eight on each side of the lower. Head and body strigilate, lateral keels weak, other scutes, except nuchal scutes, not carinate ; occipital with a pair of slightly diverging keels, the two nuchal plates following it each with a pair of keels. Orbital notch narrow and deep, eye nearly circular. Lower surface of the head naked except for a narrow entering triangle in front of the gill-opening. Anal plate margined by three large plates, the ventral buckier com- posed of eleven plates ; posteriorly three, anteriorly five, series of plates between the lateral series of the belly. Ventral armature fully de- veloped even in the smallest to between the anterior angle of the gill- openings. . Dorsal spine about equal to the head. Pectorals truncate, reaching ventrals. Ventrals rounded, or the outer ray slightly produced, reach- ing the anal; upper caudal ray forming considerably more than a third of the total length. ; Dark, with the usual cross-bars ; pores black, but not conspicuous. Dorsal rays spotted, a large spot near the tip of the three first rays. Pectorals, ventrals, and anal barred, the bars most evident on the first tays. Base and margin of caudal black, the outer rays barred. Named for Mr. Douglas Stewart, Curator of Mineralogy and Assist- ant to the Director of the Carnegie Museum. Loricaria submarginatus sp. nov. Type unique. (No. 1510 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes. ) 142 mi. over all, g2 mm. to tip of middle caudal rays. Creek below Potaro Landing. EIGENMANN: THE EXPEDITION TO BRITISH GUIANA. 14 Closely allied to drunnea. Head very little less than five in the length; width of head 1.5 in its length; eye 5.5; interorbital 4; snout 2 in the head; width of first anal ray 5 in its distance from the caudal ; 12 + 15 scutes, the lateral ridges almost completely united on the last seven scutes. Lips well developed, witha marginal series of fringes, which is inter- rupted in the middle in front, and with rather long warts. Lips not nearly reaching gill-opening. Seven or eight teeth in each side of each jaw. Free portion of the barbel about equal to the eye. Head without ridges, plates in front of the dorsal but faintly keeled. Orbital notch shallow, narrowly rounded. Anal plate bordered by three plates in front ; the ventral buckler formed of seven plates ; about three series of plates between the lateral plates, these with the lateral plates forming in the posterior part regu- lar transverse scutes, the plates becoming more numerous and less regular in front. Armature of belly truncate in front, not extending quite to the anterior angle of the gill-opening. Pectorals, slightly emarginate, the inner angle rounded, extending to the second fourth of the ventrals ; ventral rays graduate, the outer ray scarcely prolonged, reaching to the base of the last anal ray. Pores of the head and on the body to below the dorsal jet-black ; obscure cross-bands ; that below the base of the dorsal and that below its tip most prominent. No ocellus in front of dorsal. Dorsal spotted, the submarginal spots most prominent. Pectoral, ventral, and anal each with a broad submarginal dark band, base of caudal and the tips exclusively of the upper ray black. Upper caudal ray much prolonged forming 51 mm. of the total length of 142 mm. eMC TD ITID LE Genus Pycipium Meyen. Pygidium guianensis sp. nov. Type, 77 mm. (No. 1003 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes. ) Aruataima Falls, Upper Potaro. Cotype, 34 mm. Waratuk, Lower Potaro (1. U. Cat. No. 11710). Cotype, 41 mm. Amatuk, Lower Potaro. Head 6; depth equals head in length; D. 9 ;-A. 7; eye 4 in snout, 9-5 in head. Head nearly as broad as long ; maxillary barbel reaching to tip of 12 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. opercle ; teeth in bands of about four irregular series ; origin of anal under middle of dorsal; dorsal fulcra extending forward to near the dorsal ; caudal rounded ; first pectoral ray prolonged in a filament nearly as long as the rest of the ray ; everywhere except on belly and lower surface of head with round dark spots ; caudal dusky, the mar- gin light. In the cotypes the head is comparatively longer, 5 in the length ; the color is light below, uniformly yellowish brown above ; pectoral filament short. Order PLECTOSPONDYLI. Family CHARA CID. Subfamily GASTEROPELICINAE. The genera of Gasteropelicinz are very similar. They differ from each other in dentition and the development of the adipose fin. They may be distinguished among themselves by the characters indicated in the following key: a. No adipose fin; maxillary with a single large tooth; premaxillary teeth in a single series. Carnegiella Kigenmann. aa, Adipose dorsal present. 6. Maxillary with large conical or hooked teeth. c. Premaxillary teeth in two series. Thoracocharax Fowler. cc. Premaxillary teeth in a single series. Gasteropelecus Linneeus. 66. Maxillary without teeth; premaxillary teeth in a single or double series, Pterodiscus * Eigenmann, 2 Plerodiscus gen. nov. Type: Plerodiscus levis sp. nov. , Characters of Gasteropelecus, but the maxillary without teeth, and the premaxillary teeth in one or two series. Pterodiscus levis sp. nov. Type, 47 mm., No. 54454 U. S. Nat. Mus., Para. J. C. Brevooxt: Cotypes, 37 and 46 mm., No. 34454 U. S. Nat. Mus., and 32 mm. (to base of caudal), No. 11479 I. U. Mus., Para. J. C. Brevoort. Head 4-4.25; depth 1.8; D. loor 11; A. 31, 31, 35 and 32 respectively; lat. 1. 18; 29-32 scales in a median lateral series ; eye 3 in the head, 1.5 in the interorbital. No teeth on the maxillary. “Premaxillary teeth in a single series in two specimens, one tooth moved forward forming an additional series in the two other specimens. A dark lateral streak ; base of anal and margin of disk dark. I am not able to detect material differences between the specimens of this species, all old and poor, and typical Gasteropelecus sternicla except in the absence of teeth on the maxillary. EIGENMANN: THE EXPEDITION TO BRITISH GUIANA. rs Carnegiella® gen. nov. Type: Gasteropelecus strigatus Giinther.* Carnegiella is distinguished by the following general characters: No adipose fin. Premaxillary with about nine tricuspid teeth in a single series ; maxillary with a single, large, conical tooth at its upper anterior angle ; lateral line broken after the sixth pore. Carnegiella strigata (Giinther). Head about 4; depth about 2; D. 10; A. 27-29; scales 30, 12-15 pores in the lateral line, the line broken after the sixth scale; eye 3 in the distance from tip of chin to end of opercle. Of this species I secured the following specimens: Sixty-eight specimens, 20-42 mm. Maduni Creek. (C. M. No. e290, ¢d—0; I. U. M. No. 11784.) Forty-three specimens, 30-37 mm. Woodland brook on Gluck amd. (C. M. No. 1207, ¢-0; 1. U. M. No..11785.) Fourteen specimens, 30-39 mm. Malali. (C. M. No. 1298, a-e; mee. M. No. 11786.) seven specimens, 33-36 mm. Tumatumari. (C. M. No. 1299, 7-1 UV. M. No. 11787.) | Sixteen specimens, 35-44 mm. Creek below Potaro Landing. (C. Manno. 1300, ac; J. U. M. No. 11788.) Mme specimen, 201mm. Rupununi Pan.. (C..M. No. 1301.) This species is found in small, woodland streams ; thus contrasted with the species of Gasteropelecus, which are pelagic in their habit. Subfamily TETRAGONOPTERIN. Genus MoeNnKHAUusIA Eigenmann. Moenkhausia browni sp. noy. Native mame: **Conia:””) Type, 66 mm. (No. 1004 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes. ) Aruataima Falls, Potaro River. 3 At the suggestion of my friend, Doctor W. J. Holland, I take great pleasure in naming this genus for Miss Margaret Carnegie. 4The species s¢/7gatus is based on two badly preserved specimens, one and a half inches long, from the ‘‘ Old Collection,’’ without locality. The characters given are: “D.9; A. 27; lat. 1.25. Thorax with four blackish bands radiating from the middle of its convex edge ; a blackish band along the base of the anal fin.”’ The genus Carnegie/la is based on specimens collected by me in British Guiana. They are most probably the Gasteropelecus strigatus of Giinther, with which the G. fasciatus of Garman is synonymous. 14 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Cotypes, 25 specimens, 46-82 mm. MHolmia, Potaro River. (C. M.- Cat. (No. 1005, a-¢%: 1. Us Cate Noung ras Cotypes, 12 specimens, 28-68 mm. ‘Two hours below Holmia. CC. ME. Cat...No. roo, 2-75 1.U. Cat No. trae Cotypes, 69 specimens, 23-80 mm. Savannah Landing above Kaieteur. (C. M. Cat. No. 1007, a+; I. U. Cat. Noses Cotype, I specimen, 31 mm. Creek below Savannah Landing above Kaieteur. (©; We Cat. No moos: Cotypes, 9 specimens, 30-62 mm. ‘Tukeit below Kaieteur. (C. M.°Cat. No. t0o0og,7¢—0; U0 Cat. Nowy 14.) Cotypes, 2 specimens, 48-50 mm. Amatuk, Lower Potaro. (C. MM? Cat. Nov tol0 7712 Ul Cat. Non nia sa) Cotype, 1 specimen, 65 mm. ‘Tumatumari, Lower Potaro. (C. M. Cat..No: ror.) Very similar to olzgolepis, but without trace of caudal spot and with the anal falcate. Head 3.75-4; depth 2.3-2.6; D.11; A. 23 or 24; sealeseg some 34-33 eye 2.4-2.5; interorbital 2.8-3. Compressed, elevate ; the dorsal profile high, angulated at the origin of the dorsal; profile depressed over the eye ; ventral profile regularly arched from the snout to the end of the anal. Predorsal area narrowly rounded, with a median series of eight to ten scales ; pre- ventral area bluntly keeled, with a median series of scales ; postventral area narrowly rounded, with a series of saddle-shaped median scales. Occipital process 4 in the distance from its base to the dorsal, bordered by three scales on the side ; head narrow, interorbital convex, smooth ; fontanels of equal width, the posterior considerably longer, continued as a groove to the tip of the process. Second suborbital striate, leaving a considerable naked area (entirely covering the cheeks in oligolepis). Maxillary 2.6 in the head. Usually five teeth in the front row of the premaxillary, the third tooth withdrawn from the line ~ of the rest ; five graduated teeth in the inner series ; the mandible with four large graduate teeth in the front and small ones on the sides. Three small teeth in the maxillary. Scales regularly and deeply imbricate, without interpolated rows, each scale with numerous radiating striz ; lateral line sagging to below the middle of the dorsal ; anal sheath of a single series of scales along the first twelve rays; caudal lobes scaled for half their length. Origin of dorsal in advance of the middle of the body, its longest . EIGENMANN: ‘THE EXPEDITION TO BRITISH GUIANA. 15 ray 24% as long as the penultimate, 31% in the length; caudal lobes equal, a little longer than the longest dorsal ray ; anal emarginate, its longest ray when depressed reaching the base of the last but fourth anal ray; ventrals reaching anal, pectorals about one scale beyond origin of ventrals. No caudal spot, a large horizontally oval humeral spot continued below to the origin of the pectoral ; a dark band from origin of dorsal obliquely downward and forward to the lateral line; a dark median lateral line; white below, dark along back; each scale of the side with a conspicuous dark crescent along its middle. In life all fins but the adipose strongly tinged with red ; middle of adipose yellow. This species, abundant in the Potaro River above and below the Kaieteur, is dedicated to the memory of C. Barrington Brown, the dis- coverer of this most beautiful fall. Menkhausia shideleri sp. nov. Type, 65 mm. (No. 1orz Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes.) Bartica. Sone. 72min. Bartica. (1. U. Cat. No. 11716.) Cotype, 63 mm. ‘Tumatumari. This species has the largest eye of any in the genus. Head 3.7—3.8; depth 2.5—-2.7; D..10; A. 263. scales 5-34-3 or Memeve 2.1; interorbital 2.4 or 2.5. Elongate, subrhomboidal, the ventral surface in front of the anal distinctly arched ; a very slight depression over the eye; preventral area rounded, a series of median scales; post-ventral region narrowly rounded, with a median series of large scales, bordered by slightly asymmetrical scales. Predorsal area keeled to near the occipital crest. A median series of scales between the dorsal and occipital crest, the length of which is about one-fifth of the distance from its base to the dorsal. Interorbital shghtly convex; second suborbital leaving a narrow naked border on the cheek. Maxillary 3 in the head; four or five teeth in the front row of the premaxillary, the third somewhat removed from the rest ; five graduated teeth on the inner row; two small teeth on the maxillary ; mandible with four large teeth and numerous small ones on the side. 4 Gill rakers about 9 + 12. 16 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Scales regularly and deeply imbricate, each with several divergent strie. Anal sheath of a few scales in a single row near front of anal; lateral line but little decurved ; caudal scaled for about one- fourth of its length. Origin of dorsal in front of middle of body, but lhttle more remote from snout than dorsal ; highest dorsal ray about 2% in the length; caudal deeply forked, the lobes longer than the dorsal; anal deeply emarginate ; ventrals not reaching anal, pectorals just to ventrals. No humeral spot ; caudal with a small diffuse dark spot at the base of the middle rays. Scales of sides margined with dark, the marginal spots tending to form dark lines along the sides ; pigment more profuse toward the back ; a series of dark spots on the median series of scales of the back. Named for Mr. S. E. Shideler, who as volunteer assistant collected the species and gave most effective help during the entire expedition. Genus ASTYANAX Baird & Girard. Astyanax guianensis sp. nov. Type, 54 mm. (No. 1013 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes. ) Warraputa. Cotypes, 176 specimens, Rockstone, Essequibo River. ( (aaa Cat.. No, roT4 7-2) 1. Cat. Noman) Cotypes, 2 specimens, 45-52 mm., Crab Falls, Essequibo River. (CaM, Cat. No. 1901s. Ts UeiCate ee DEF Oy) Cotypes, 2 specimens, 50-55 mm., Warraputa, Essequibo River. CCIM Cat! No: 1016); Sane at: Ne TI7LO. ) Cotypes, 34 iecimene 43-55 mm., Tumatumari, Potaro Kiver. (G.M. Cat. Nor 4557, 4-7 aU tear: No. VE720.) Allied to mu/tidens, but without caudal spot. : Head 4; depth 2.6-3; D. 10 or 11; A. 25-27; scales 5-34 or 35 (rarely."30)=4 > eye 233 5 interorbitalye: Compressed, subrhomboidal, ventral profile regularly arched ; dorsal profile with an angle at the origin of the dorsal, slightly depressed over the eye; preventral area rounded, tending to flattish, with a median series of scales sometimes irregular in the middle ; post- ventral area narrowly rounded ; predorsal area rounded, with a median series of nine scales. Occipital process about 4 times in the distance from its base to the dorsal, bordered by three scales on the sides; interorbital flat, with EIGENMANN: THE EXPEDITION TO BRITISH GUIANA. 17 marginal grooves; frontal fontanel shorter, triangular; second sub- orbital covering the entire cheek with the exception of a triangular area below the junction between the first and second suborbital ; maxillary much shorter than the eye, 3 in the head ; four or five teeth in the first row of the premaxillary, if five, the third very slightly out of line with the others ; five graduated teeth in the second row, their denticles arranged in a slight crescent; four to seven teeth in the maxillary ; mandible with four large teeth, abruptly smaller ones on the sides. Scales everywhere regularly imbricate, no omitted or interpolated scales ; each scale of the side with from two to eight diverging striz ; anal sheath of very few scales in a single series along the base of the anterior rays ; a few scales on the base of the caudal lobes. Ventrals slightly nearer snout than the dorsal; the origin of the dorsal in advance of the middle, its highest ray 3.25 in the length ; anal deeply emarginate, the second and eleventh reaching the base of the eighteenth; ventrals reaching anal, pectorals slightly beyond ventrals. ; Opercle dusky ; a dark vertical band crossing the third to the sixth scales behind the head ; a dusky streak below origin of dorsal; sides behind this profusely dotted ; margins of scales of the sides of the abdomen with a few color-cells ; very few cells on the cheeks ; base and tip of dorsal hyaline, the middle with chromatophores ; adipose dotted ; caudal nearly uniformly dotted, a small area at base of each lobe free from chromatophores ; anal lobe and a streak through its middle free from pigment ; ventrals and pectorals practically free from pigment. Astyanax essequibensis sp. nov. Type, 53 mm. (No. 1018 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes. ) Tumatumari, Potaro River. . Cotypes, 96 specimens, 40-68 mm. ‘Tumatumari, Potaro River. eel Cae. No, 1019, a—2; I. U. Cat. No. rr721.) Cotype, 1 specimen, 44 mm. _ Bartica, Essequibo River. (C. M. Cu. No: 1020.) Cotypes, 3 specimens, 41-48 mm. _ Rockstone, Essequibo River. mem. Cat. No. roz1, 2; .1..U. Cat: No. 11722.) Cotypes, 75 specimens, 39-57 mm. Crab Falls, Essequibo River. eet. Cat. No, 1022, a—2; I. U. Cat. No. 11723.) Allied to pawcidens, but having a well-developed humeral spot. 18 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Head about 4; depth 3.33; D. 11; A. 20-22; scales *aeaauae 25-4 5 6ye 2.3 5. Interorbital: 33 Elongate, ventral profile regularly arched ; dorsal profile with an angle at the origin of the dorsal, profile not depressed over the eye ; preventral area flat, postventral narrowly rounded, predorsal area rounded, with a median series of eight or nine scales. Occipital process about + of the length from its base to the dorsal, bordered by three scales; interorbital nearly flat, with marginal grooves ; fontanel narrow, longer than the parietal ; second suborbital leaving a triangular naked area below its junction with the first; maxillary 3 in the head; premaxillary with two to four teeth in the front series, which is parallel with the second series ; five teeth in the second row, their denticles arranged ina distinct crescent ; maxillary with three teeth ; mandible with four graduated teeth and abruptly smaller ones on the sides. Scales as in guzanensis, but fewer scales on the base of the caudal lobe. Dorsal and ventrals equidistant from tip of snout; highest dorsal ray about 3.75 in the length; origin of dorsal about equidistant from tip of snout and tip of adipose; anal emarginate ; ventrals not quite reaching anal ; pectorals to ventrals. Highly iridescent, a few chromatophores on cheek and opercles ; an oblique dark band crosses the second, third, and fourth scales of the lateral line, another one parallel to it in front of the dorsal shades into the thickly punctate sides ; a punctate band extends from the base of the first dorsal ray to the tip of the seventh and eighth ; tip of adipose black ; a minute spot at the base of the middle caudal rays, tip of the rays dusky, all of the membranes punctate, a punctate band from the middle of the first anal rays along the tips of the rest of the rays, other parts of the fin hyaline ; pectorals and ventrals slightly punctate. Astyanax mutator sp. nov. (Native name, Puzkay. ) Type 53 mm. (No. 1023 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes. ) Savannah Landing, Upper Potaro. Cotypes, 120 specimens, 23-58 mm. Savannah Landing, Upper Potato, »(C. Mi -Cat sse24, a—c; TU. Cat aajeae Head 4; depth 2.75-3; D. 11; A. 21-24, most frequentiveees Scales 6-33 to 35-44; eye 2.75-3; interorbital equals eye. EIGENMANN: THE EXPEDITION TO BRITISH GUIANA. 19 Compressed, dorsal and ventral profiles equally curved; snout narrow, pointed, profile not depressed over the eye; preventral area rounded, without a distinct median series of scales; postventral area narrowly rounded ; predorsal area keeled, with a median series of nine or ten scales. Occipital process very narrow, about 4 as long as the distance of its base from the dorsal, bordered on each side by three scales ; inter- orbital convex, frontal fontanel much shorter than the parietal ; second suborbital narrow, leaving a naked area, which is more than half as wide as the bone itself; maxillary equals snout in length, its front margin very convex; width of lower jaw about half the orbit ; pre- maxillary with two to four teeth in the front series, five five-pointed teeth in the second series ; maxillary with three teeth, of which one is minute ; dentary with five or six five-pointed teeth, graduate ; ab- ruptly a series of minute conical teeth on the sides. Gill rakers 11 + 18. Scales regularly imbricate, no interpolated or omitted series ; anal sheath of a single series of scales along anterior part of anal; lateral line little decurved, sometimes broken or interrupted on the tail ; each scale with several radiating strize. Origin of dorsal midway between tip of snout and base of middle caudal rays; highest dorsal ray nearly 4 in the length; origin of anal and ninth to eleventh dorsal ray equidistant from, snout; anal very slightly emarginate ; ventrals considerably in front of the vertical from the first dorsal ray, just reaching anal; pectorals just to ventrals or a trifle shorter. Dusky ; a definitely circumscribed oval caudal spot, not continued forward or backwards on the middle caudal rays; a well-defined bar crossing the second and third scales of the lateral line ; sides of head and body everywhere profusely dotted; dorsal, caudal, and anal dotted ; base of caudal with the outlines of the rays and their cross- breaks outlined in black, making this part of the fin darker. Astyanax mucronatus sp. nov. Type, 53mm. (No. 1025 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes, ) Tumatumari, above fall. Cotypes, 3 specimens, 51-54 mm. Tumatumari, above fall. (Cc; fee zeeNo, ro20; 1. U. Cat: No. 11725.) aT 20 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Cotypes, 14 specimens, 46-73 mm. Sandbank in Potaro at Tukeit. (CoM. ‘Cat."No.1029,; a4 of UeaCat:) Noe 117 2Ge) Head 3-6; depth 2.3~2:6; D. 11; A. 25-26, rarely 27 Gaeennee 6-34 or 35-5 (rarely 4). Eye 2.7; 2 in the head without the opercle ; interorbital 3—3.5 in the head. Compressed, subrhomboidal, with heavy head and slender caudal peduncle. Dorsal profile slightly depressed over the eye, rising with a gentle curve to the origin of the dorsal, abruptly descending to the end of the dorsal and then with a more gentle slope to the caudal peduncle. Ventral profile more regularly arched. Preventral region broadly rounded, postventral area more narrowly rounded ; predorsal area keeled, with a median series of eight scales. Occipital crest exceptionally narrow at the base ; about one-fourth of the distance from its base to the dorsal bordered by three scales on the sides; skull narrow, slightly convex, smooth. Fontanels very narrow and long, the frontal fontanel as long as the parietal. Second suborbital leaving but a very narrow naked area. Maxillary but little longer than snout, 3.3 in the head. Premaxillary with two or three teeth in the front series, five teeth in the second series, their denticles in a straight line ; two teeth on the maxillary ; lower jaw with eight teeth arranged in a crescent (four on each side), smaller teeth on the sides. Gill rakers 5 +.10. Scales very regularly imbricate, without interpolated or omitted rows. Each scale with several slightly diverging strize ; anal sheath of asingle row of scales along the base of the anterior rays ; caudal naked. Origin of dorsal nearer snout than caudal, 3.4 in the length; anal emarginate, its origin about equidistant from snout with the eighth dorsal ray ; ventrals reaching anal, their origin a little in advance of that of the dorsal. Pectorals reaching beyond origin of ventrals. A conspicuous bullet-shaped humeral spot, the blunt end forward, a | faint dark streak extending down from it ; a diffuse caudal spot occupy- ing the entire width of the end of the caudal peduncle. Dorsal line dark ; sides profusely covered with pigment cells disap- pearing on the belly ; cheeks and opercies dotted ; fins dotted ; upper and lower margin of caudal dark. Straw-colored in life, bases of dorsal, anal, and caudal lobes ochreous. EIGENMANN: THE EXPEDITION TO BRITISH GUIANA. pal Astyanax abramoides sp. nov. Tetragonoplerus abramis (non Jenyns) Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus. V, 321, 1864 (British Guiana; Essequibo) ; Steind., Flussf. Siidam. I, 8, 1879 (Orinoco, near Ciudad Bolivar). Type, 112 mm. (No. 1028 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes. ) Tumatumari ,Potaro River. Cotypes, 86 specimens, 48-112 mm. ‘Tumatumari. (C. M. Cat. Mie to290, a7; I. U. Cat. No. 11727.) Cotypes, 2specimens, 99-126 mm. Potaro Landing. (C. M. Cat. meaaoz0> 1. U. Cat. No. 11728. ) Cotypes, 27 specimens, 60-126 mm. -Kangaruma, Lower Potaro fee CC. M- Cat. No. 1031, ae; I. U. Cat. No. 11729.) Cotypes, 48 specimens, 56-108 mm. Amatuk Cataract, Lower Meraro iver,» (C. M: Cat. No! 1032, a-7 ; 1..U. Cat. No. '11730. ) Cotype, 1 specimen, 54mm. Rockstone, Essequibo River. (C. iMeeCat» No, 1033.) Cotype, I specimen, 46 mm. Gluck Island at Rockstone. (C. M. Cat. No. 1034.) Cotypes, 2 specimens, 56-63 mm. Wismar, Demarara River. (C. eeeat.. No. 1035; 1.-U. Cat. No. 11731.) Cotypes, 2 specimens, 51-64 mm, Christianburg, Demarara River. me Cat) No: 1036; I; U. Cat: No. 11732.) Closely allied to anterior and abramis, but differing both in the color of the caudal peduncle and caudal. Head 4; depth 2.4-2.5; D.11; A. usually 28 ;° scales 9 or 10-43 Elliptical, dorsal and ventral outlines similar, without prominent humps; the profile slightly depressed over the eyes. Preventral area rounded, with small rather irregularly placed scales ; postventral area narrowly rounded ; predorsal area narrow, with a linear median naked area. _ Occipital process equal to one-fourth of the distance from its base to the dorsal, bordered by four scales on its sides ; skull smooth in cross- section, very convex ; interorbital much broader than the eye in adult ; frontal fontanel a little narrower than the parietal; margin of second suborbital very convex, leaving a naked area, which is widest below ; to 51°-7 or 8; eye 2.5-3; interorbital 2.5-2.6. 5 In those examined, one with 26, ten with 28, five with-29, three with 30. ®6In those examined one with 43, four with 44, two with 45, four with 46, four with 47, one with 51. 22 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. maxillary equal to the eye; four or five teeth in the front row of the premaxillary, the third withdrawn from the line of the rest ; five grad- uated teeth in the second row, their denticles in shallow crescents: maxillary with two or three minute teeth ; dentary with four large teeth abruptly followed by smaller onés on the sides. Gill rakers 8 + 11. Scales of the sides regularly imbricate, a few interpolated scales over the anal muscles ; anal sheath of a single row of scales along the base of the anterior rays; caudal naked, a well-developed axillary scale ; lateral line but little decurved. Each scale of the sides with a few nearly parallel striz. Dorsal but little farther from snout than the ventral, nearer snout than caudal, its margin rounded, the highest ray about 3.75 in the length, the penultimate a little less than half as long as the highest. Anal emarginate, the second and tenth reaching the base of the eigh- teenth where depressed ; first anal ray below or behind the base of the last dorsal ray. Ventrals not reaching anal, pectorals to ventrals. Highly iridescent, blue above, greenish to silvery below ; a club- shaped horizontal humeral spot, its pointed anterior end from the upper margin of the first scale of the lateral line along the row of scales above the lateral line to above the fifth scale of the line ; a dark verti- cal bar crossing the opercle, followed by a light bar, a second dark bar across the posterior part of the humeral spot, a second lght bar and then athird dark bar shading into the profusely dotted sides. Cheeks profusely dotted ; a dark median line, most prominent in young specimens preserved in formalin, this line sof extending along the sides. of the caudal peduncle; a black spot at the base of the caudal, its margins shading into the dusky caudal but not definitely continued to the end of the middle rays. ‘These markings fading with age. In life all fins but pectorals tinged with orange or brick red. Astyanax potaroénsis sp. nov. Type, 58 mm. (No. 1037 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes.) Amatuk Cataract, Potaro River. Cotypes, 12 specimens, 51-64 mm. Amatuk. (C. M. Cat. No. 1038, @-c; I. U. Cat. Now arzae)) Cotype, I specimen, about 59 mm. Kangaruma, Lower Potaro River. <€. Me Cat. .No, 1629, Cotype, I specimen, 45 mm. ‘Tukeit, Lower Potaro River. (C. M. Cat. No. Toge:) EIGENMANN: THE EXPEDITION TO’ BRITISH GUIANA. we Cotypes, 2 specimens, 47-49 mm. Erukin, Lower Potaro River. eee Gat. No. ro4i); 1. U. Cat. No. 11734.) Evidently allied to d¢maculatus and orthodus. It is readily distin- guished from Jzmaculatus by its emarginate anal, the broad caudal band and the absence of any stripe on the caudal peduncle. In the colora- tion of the sides it approaches adramozdes, the humeral spot being less well defined, the black lateral line being absent. Its anal is distinctly shorter than that of orthodus. feeae 2.5; depth 2.6—3; D. 11; A. 27 or 28, rarely 29; scales 8 (rarely 9) -37 to 38'-6 or 7; eye 2.75; interorbital 3.’ Elongate, subrhomboidal, profile rising rapidly in front, then curved more gently to the dorsal; ventral profile regularly rounded. Preven- tral area convex, without a distinct median series of scales ; postventray area narrowly rounded ; predorsal area narrowly rounded, two scales in front of the dorsal, the median line otherwise naked to the occipital process. Occipital process very narrow, its width not quite half its length, which is about 4 as long as the distance from its base to the dorsal, bordered by three scales on the sides. Interorbital smooth and con- vex ; frontal fontanel a little narrower and a little shorter than the parietal ; second suborbital leaving a considerable naked area which is widest below; mouth large, maxillary a little longer than the eye; normally four teeth in the outer series of the premaxillary, of which the third is withdrawn from the line of the rest; five teeth in the second series; maxillary with three small teeth ; mandible with four large teeth in the dentary and abruptly minute ones on the side. Gill rakers 6 + 14, those of the upper arch excessively minute, those of the lower arch about } the length of the eye. Scales of the sides regularly imbricate, no interpolated scales over the anal; scales of the ventral surface less regularly imbricate ; lateral line but little decurved ; anal sheath composed of a single series of scales along the base of the anterior rays. Ventrals but little nearer the snout than the dorsal, which is a little nearer to the snout than to the caudal; highest dorsal ray about 4 in the length. Anal emarginate, the second and fourteenth rays reaching the base of the twentieth ray. Ventrals not reaching anal, pectorals just to ventrals. ~ Coloration much as in aéramotdes, a dark bar crossing opercle, a 7In ten individuals five have 37, three have 38, one has 39, one 4I scales. 24 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. — second bar some distance behind this in a light area, the second bar widest above the lateral line, where it forms an indistinct humeral spot ; a third bar shading into the thickly dotted sides ; cheeks thickly punctate, a dark dorsal streak. A black band crossing the base of the caudal and sometimes extending out along the outer rays. No dark line along the sides in formalin specimens, sometimes dark streaks up and down from the median line between muscle segments. Genus PRISTELLA Eigenmann. Pristella aubynei sp. nov. Type, 50 mm. (No. 1042 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes. ) Lama Stop-off. Cotypes, 203 specimens, zo-50 mm. Lama Stop-off. (C. M. Cat. INO: -1043,) 2-23 1... U.Gat.gNo.ea 1735-1) Cotypes, 50 specimens, 28-46 mm. Cane Grove Corner. (C. M. Cat.\No)) 1044; a7; IW GatsNo marry 46.) : Cotypes, 21 specimens, 35-49 mm. Maduni Stop-off. (C. M. Cat» No. 1045 vase Lous CataNor m1r7 27.) This species is very abundant in the canal from Cane Grove Corner to Maduni Creek Stop-off. I take pleasure in naming the species for Mr. Saint Aubyne, whose guest I was at Lama Stop-off and who did everything in his power to further the interests of my fishing ex- pedition. ; This species is placed in the genus with Prestel/a riddle: because in the technical characters they agree. ‘There is every probability that they are not immediately descended from the same ancestor. Head 3.75; depth 3.5; D. 10; A. 16-18; scales 6-399 eee ae rarely 4; 7 to 9 pores in the lateral line; eye 2.33 ; imterorgmames Elongate, heavy forward; ventral profile curved more than the dorsal, which is nearly straight to the dorsal, not depressed over the eye ; preventral area broad, rounded, postventral area keeled ; pre- — dorsal area narrowly rounded. Occipital process triangular, very short, equal to 3 of the distance from its base to the dorsal. Fontanel widest at the base of the occip- ital process, anterior fontanel slightly shorter than the posterior, tri- angular, its anterior pointed end a little in advance of the middle of the eye. Second suborbital leaving a wide, naked area below a nar- rower one behind. Mouth oblique; maxillary slender, its anterior margin nearly straight, 2% in the head; five teeth in the front series - EIGENMANN: THE EXPEDITION TO BRITISH GUIANA. 25 of the premaxillary of which the middle one is withdrawn from the line of the rest. Inner series of teeth large, multicuspid, graduate. Maxillary with numerous similar teeth; lower jaw with four or five graduate, multicuspid teeth in front and minute ones on the side. Gill rakers about 6 + IT. Seales thin, not conspicuously regularly imbricate ; each scale with several nearly parallel horizontal striz; anal sheath composed of a single row of cells along the front of the fin ; caudal lobes scaled for about one-eighth of their length. Origin of ventrals a little nearer tip of last anal ray than snout, slightly in advance of the dorsal; penultimate dorsal ray more than half the length of the longest which is 3% in the length. Anal emarginate, ventrals reaching anal ; pectorals not to ventrals. In life base of upper caudal lobe red, base of lower caudal lobe yellow, some yellow on under side of caudal peduncle and in front of anal. A circular spot about as large as eye on base of middle caudal rays. A dark line in front of dorsal, a series of spots behind it. A well-defined humeral spot on and over the second and third scales of the lateral line. Genus DEUTERODON Eigenmann. Deuterodon pinnatus sp. nov. Type, 62mm. (No. 1046 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes. ) Amatuk, Lower Potaro River. Cotypes, 25 specimens, 32-75 mm., Amatuk, Potaro River. (C. Pie eat.. No. 1047, 2-2; I. U. Cat. No. 11738.) Cotypes, 2 specimens, 36-40. mm., Konawaruk, Essequibo River. eye Cat. No. 1048 ; I. U. Cat. No. 11739.) Cotypes, Ig specimens, 21-43 mm., Warraputa Cataract, Essequibo Revere e. Ny Cat. No. 1649,.@-¢%" 1. Us Cat. No. 11740. ) Distinguished from all other Tetragonopterids by the pinnate black markings of the sides. | Pcadea—473; Gepth.2.5—2:7 5): 16.0r ric; A. 24-25, rarely 27 ; scales 6-36 or 37-4 or 5. Compressed, subrhomboidal, profile slightly depressed over the eye ; preventral area rotnded, the scales large, a nearly regular median series ; postventral area narrowly rounded, the anus directly in front of the anal ; predorsal area narrowly rounded, with a median series of about nine scales. ' | 26 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Occipital process triangular, not quite one-fourth of the distance from its base to the dorsal ; bordered by three scales ; interorbital convex, fontanels narrow, the anterior shorter than the parietal ; second sub- orbital deep, leaving a wide naked area ; maxillary about 3.5 in the head; three or four teeth in the outer row of the premaxillary ; five gradu- ated teeth in the inner series, expanded at top, the denticles in a crescent, the middle one not notably larger or longer than the others ; three or four similar teeth in the maxillary ; dentary with eight to ten graduated teeth, similar to those of the premaxillary, but with longer me- — dian point ; all the teeth brown tipped. Gill rakers short 6 + Io. Scales regularly imbricate, no omitted or interpolated series ; lateral line nearly straight; axillary scale small; anal sheath of a few scales ina single series along the base of the anterior rays. Caudal naked. Ventrals in advance of the vertical from the dorsal ; origin of dorsal in the middle or slightly in advance of the middle, its highest ray 3.75 in the length ; twelfth anal ray 2 to about half as high as the highest, the anal margin concave or not; pectorals reaching slightly beyond origin of ventrals, ventrals not quite to anal. Cheeks and opercles punctate ; a well-developed humeral spot in a vertical humeral band; a second band in front of the dorsal shading into the much punctate sides ; a black median line ; from which black streaks branch along the muscle septa at every other myotome ; a con- spicuous, large caudal spot not continued to the end of the middle rays. Dorsal, adipose, caudal, and anal punctate, the latter sometimes most so along the base and tip. There are also in the collection ; ; Cotypes, 41 specimens, 21-68 mm. Amatuk. (C. M. Cat. No. reso, a7) 1. Ue Cats No. 117412) Cotypes, 7 specimens, 20-69 mm. Waratuk. (C. M. Cat. No. ro51,.¢—6% TU. Cat sNoc 119742.) Cotypes, 3 specimens, 23-40 mm. Savannah Landing. (C. M. Cat...No. 2052);) LU. Cat. Neo 117435) These differ from the typical specimens described in that the color along the side is in a dark band instead of pinnately distributed, con- tinued to the caudal spot which is continued to the end of the middle caudal rays. A. 23-25. 1. 1. 37, 37, 38,°38, 39, 40 an largest from Amatuk. EIGENMANN: THE EXPEDITION TO BRITISH GUIANA. OL It is difficult to determine with certainty whether the two minute specimens from Savannah Landing belong to this species. Deuterodon potaroénsis sp. nov. Type, 43 mm. (No. 1053 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes. ) Amatuk Cataract, Potaro River. Cotypes, 5 specimens, 39-50 mm. Amatuk Cataract, Potaro River. Geer scat. No. 1054; I. U. Cat. No. 11744.) Cotypes, 3 specimens, 31-35 mm. Waratuk Cataract, Potaro River. meee Cat. No. 1055; I. U. Cat. No. 11745.) This species was taken by poison in a little side branch of the War- atuk Cataract and in the same way in a larger branch of the Amatuk Cataract. Head 3.8—4 ; depth 202-305 5 1. 6. Or 10.; A. 24,06 25 (rarely.27 )’; scales 6-37 to 40-4. Eye 2.5 ; interorbital equals eye. Elongate, little compressed, heavy at shoulder; dorsal and ventral profiles equally arched, without hump or depressions; preventral area narrowly rounded, with a median series of scales; postventral area compressed to a narrow edge ; predorsal area keeled, with a median series of about thirteen scales. Occipital process about one-fifth of the distance from its base to the dorsal, bordered by three scales ;, head narrow, smooth above, slightly convex; frontal fontanel much shorter than the parietal, narrow ; second suborbital leaving a naked area about one-third as wide as its own greatest width; maxillary longer than snout, but not quite equal to eye; premaxillary with three three-pointed teeth in the front row and five three- to five-pointed ones in the second. Denticles of the second row ina more or less open crescent ; four or five maxillary teeth similar to those of the inner row of the premaxillary. Mandible with seven graduated multicuspid incisors, followed by one or two conical incisors. Gillrakers 6 + 12. Scales regularly imbricate, without interpolated or omitted rows ; each scale with numerous nearly parallel striz ; anal sheath of a few scales in a single row along the base of the anterior rays. Caudal naked ; lateral line but little decurved ; a well-developed axillary scale. Origin of dorsal a little nearer snout than caudal, its penultimate ray a little more than half as long as the longest ray which is about one- fourth of the length. Margin of anal straight, the rays graduate from 28 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. the anterior longer ones ; ventrals very short, not reaching anal, a little nearer to the snout than the dorsal; pectorals reaching ventrals. Markings in formalin specimens: each pore of the lateral line sur- rounded by black, the dots forming a conspicuous line ; bases of two rows of scales:below the lateral line over the abdomen and three or four rows of scales above the lateral line dark, the spots forming fainter longitudinal lines ; margins of scales of the upper parts of the sides and the entire dorsal line very dark ; a faint comma-shaped vertical humeral spot interrupted in the middle ; a dark lateral band intensi- fied in spots and ending in a caudal spot, which extends from a little above the lateral line to the lower margin of the caudal; ventral fins dusky. Genus PHENACOGASTER Eigenmann, Phenacogaster megalostictus sp. nov. Type, 65 mm. (No. 1056 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes. Tumatumari, Lower Potaro River. Cotypes, 59 specimens, 42-77 mm. ‘Tumatumari, Lower Potaro River. (GC. M.°Cat. No.'1057, ¢73.7.. U. Cat Cat. No. 11709.) ) ead 4) depth 5.25 ;° Dig :°A. ro’; »scalés 5 between D. and V., 26 or 27 ina median series, 11 or 12 in front of the dorsal; eye 3 in the head ; upper jaw projecting. Snout very little greater than eye ; interorbital a little less than eye. Adipose well developed, behind tip of anal ; origin of dorsal slightly posterior to that of the ventrals. Pectorals reaching’ half way to ven- trals ; ventrals slightly more than half way to anal. Back chocolate ; a broad, straw-colored band from tip of snout to middle of upper caudal lobe ; a narrow black band from tip of mandi- ble through eye along lower part of peduncle to near tip of shortest caudal ray and a few rays inferior to it. Ventral surface silvery, dotted from midway of the ventrals to the anal, the dots continued over the lateral band above the anal. A spot on either side of snout, the iris dorsad, a line along base of anal, and a streak above and below the caudal band, crimson. An oblique, dotted bar across the yellow lateral band just above tip of pectoral. Last anal rays dark. For J. B. Harrison, M.A., C.M.G., F.G.S., Government Geolo- gist, Georgetown, British Guiana, who assisted the expedition in various ways. Pecilobrycon auratus sp. nov._ Type, 32 mm. (No. 1161 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes.) Konawaruk. 44 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Cotypes, 16 specimens, 27-34 mm. Konawaruk. (C. M. Cat. No. 1162, a-d; I. U. Cat. No. 11688.) Cotypes, 3 specimens, 27 mm. Rockstone sandbank. (C. M.. Cat.) No: a7163,!aG" Ir WU) Catavo srr 6802) Cotypes, 8 specimens, 25-33 mm. Gluck Island. (C. M. Cat. No. 1664; 'aj°6 3 TU Cate Nor 116902) Head 3.75; depth nearly 5; D. 10; A. 11; scales 5 bDepweemmme and V., 23 along a median series, ro in front of dorsal. Eye 3 in head, a little less than snout, greater than interorbital, upper jaw projecting. Adipose fin over about middle of last anal ray ; dorsal beginning behind the vertical from the origin of the ventrals. Pectorals reach- ing half way to middle of ventrals, ventrals half way to base of last anal ray. Upper jaw projecting, mid-dorsal line from head to adipose choco- late, on either side of which is a straw-colored stripe confluent into a median line on the head to the tip of the snout. A similar chocolate stripe on sides bounded below by another straw-colored stripe, both concurrent with the back; ventrad of the last is a chocolate band widest above tips of pectorals, reaching the vanishing point above the eye and below the tip of the dorsal; a golden barf from upper part of eye to upper caudal lobe, continued forward of eye asa red streak ; a dark brown lateral band from tip of jaws to tip of lower caudal lobe ; a horizontal streak below the eye. Some scales below the lateral band with a brown spot ; two oblique, black cross-bands, one up and back from last half of pectorals, the other up from before anal. Lower caudal lobe black ; base of upper caudal lobe and of anal red; anal blackish. Fins otherwise hyaline. 2 Peecilobrycon erythrurus sp. nov. Type, 33. mm. (Ne. 17165 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes. ) Rockstone sandbank. Cotypes, 7 specimens, 33-37 mm. Rockstone sandbank. (C. M. Cat: No: 1163, ¢, G> PeeW a@at No. 1T093m) Cotypes, 4 specimens, 22-27 mm. - Gluck Island. (C. M. Cat. No. 117.0,2@3 Tie WU Cat No tr694s) Cotype, 1 specimen, 22mm. ~Amatuk. (C: M-Cat. No. Frege Cotypes, 2 specimens, 32-33 mm. Rupununi Pan. (C. M. Cat. No. 1788,.@5 1. -Gats Nom E1605...) EIGENMANN: THE EXPEDITION TO BriTISH GUIANA. 45 Allied to P. marginatus and P. trifasciatus. Mead 3.75; depth 4.66-4.75; D. 10;.A.9 or 10; scales 5 be- tween D. and V., 10 before D., 26 in a median line. Eye equal to snout and to interorbital, 3.2 in the head; jaws equal. Dorsal over the vertical from the ventrals ; pectorals reaching half way to middle of ventrals ; ventrals half way to middle of anal; adi- pose fin a little anterior to the tip of the last anal ray ; origin of anal on a vertical from the tip of the last dorsal ray. Back light brown margined by a more or less faint darker line ; streak from snout through top of iris to upper half of middle of caudal light ; a conspicuous lateral black band from mandible to base of lower caudal lobe, continued on the rays just below the middle ; a dark streak from behind the base of the lower pectoral rays to and along base of the anal; middle anal rays dusky. Ventral surface silvery. In life a blood-red streak borders the superior margin of the black lateral band over middle of the pectorals ; a red spot on basal half of the dorsal, two red spots on base of the caudal, one similar spot on the anal lobe ; an orange spot on each ventral fin. Peecilobrycon ocellatus sp. nov. Type, 41 mm. (No. 1179 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes. ) Wismar. Merpes we specimens, 30, 41 mm. Wismiar.” (1. U. Cat. No. E702.) Cotypes, 71 specimens, 35-43 mm. Rockstonesandbank. (C. M. Mere No 1150,,.0-7; I. U..Cat. No. 11704.) Cotypes, 9 specimens, 33-42 mm. Gluck Island. (C. M. Cat. Nomi on a—cy. lL. U.Cat: No. 11705.) Cotypes, 8 specimens, 31.5-37 mm. RupununiPan. (C. M. Cat. News .a—c* 1. L.w@at. No.. 11706). Bognee specimen, 39 mm. Crab Falls. (C. M. Cat. No. HILO? 2.) Cotypes, 2 specimens, 39, 42 mm. Tumatumari. (C. M. Cat. emg, a2.; 1. UW. Cat. No. 11707.) Cotypes, 18 specimens, 31-43 mm. Konawaruk. (C. M. Cat. No, 1185, a—¢;.1. U. Cat. No. 11708.) Most nearly related to P. wnzfasciatus Steindachner. Head 4.2-4.4; depth 5.4-5.5; D..10; A. 10 or 11; scales 5 be- tween D. and V., 10 before D., 28 along a lateral series. Eye a little 46 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. shorter than snout, 3.3 in the head, equal to the interorbital. Upper — jaw projecting. . Dorsal inserted slightly behind the vertical from the insertion of the ventrals ; pectorals reaching half way to second third of ventrals ; ven- trals half way to base of last anal ray ; adipose fin over middle of last anal ray. | Light brown above, bordered below by a black band from tip of snout and mandible to the end of the lower caudal lobe ; the band is widest on the caudal peduncle where it unites with its fellow of the other side ; a bar connects the two lateral bands in front of the anal. Lower parts silvery-white. Dorsal hyaline ; lower caudal lobe black, obliquely crossed near the center by a red band, and margined with red above ; usually a black, ocellus-like spot or streak near the middle of the caudal rays near the center of the fin; middle, and sometimes the posterior anal rays, dark. Opercle purple. Archicheir gen. nov. This genus is a VVannostomus with peculiar pectorals. In Vanno- stomus the pectorals are normal, as in related genera; in this genus they appear to have retained the embryonic structure. They are broad, dermal flaps, with hair-like fringes. Gill-membranes united, free from the isthmus. Archicheir minutus sp. nov. Type unique, 26 mm. (No. 1186, Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes.) Canal at Christianburg. This species is readily recognizable by the color of the caudal and anal fins. : Head 3.5;, depth 5.66; D. 9; A. 11; scales-large’ ) Migeeeeee the head, considerably greater than the interorbital, but little shorter than the snout. Origin of dorsal a little posterior to origin of ventrals. Adipose fin considerably behind tip of the anal. Back chocolate. _ A light band from end of snout to base of superior caudal lobe ; a dark band from end of maxillary to the base of the inferior caudal lobe. A black spot at base of the pectoral and one before the first ventral ray. Dorsal dusky ; adipose black.. Middle caudal rays black ; an oblique bar from the edge of base of each lobe to the end of the median black bar, the lowermost one much the EIGENMANN: THE EXPEDITION TO BRITISH GUIANA. 47 widest, the superior bar brown, shading into black at both ends. Anal hyaline, a black bar across tips of the last rays. Subfamily SERRASALMINA. Genus Pycocentrus Miiller & Troschel. Pygocentrus bilineatus sp. nov. Type, 102 mm. (No. 1072 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes. ) Aruka River. Eorypes, 95 andiio mm. Aruka River. (C..M. Cat: No. 1073; mee. cat. No: 11756. ) Cotypes, 2 specimens, 43 and 56'’mm. Creek in Moro Passage. eee Cat. No. 1074; 1. U. Cat. No. 11757.) This species can best be described by means of a ‘‘ Key ’’ to the species so far recorded in British Guiana. a. Abdominal serre 40; depth 13; D. 18; A. 33-35; lat. 1. 105; interorbital a little less than half the length of the head; second suborbital in contact with the preopercle. niger. aa. Abdominal serrze less than 35. 6. Depth about 2 in the length; head heavy, about 3 in the length; D. 17-18; A. 30-33; lat. 1. 95-100; snout short; abdominal serrze 24, very blunt ; interorbital nearly half the length of the head; a very narrow naked area on the cheek ; origin of dorsal nearly equidistant from base of middle caudal rays and front of eye; sides profusely spotted ; a V-shaped black bar on the base of the caudal ; margin of caudal dark ; adipose fin rayed in the adult. piraya. 66. Depth 1.5-1.75; head 3.12-3.5; D. 15 or 16; A. 32-34; lat. 1. go; ab- dominal serrze 27—33 ; snout short, blunt, 4.33 inthe head ; eye 3.5-4; in- terorbital 2.33; a narrow lens-shaped naked area on the cheek, not more than one-fourth as wide as the second interorbital ; origin of dorsal about equidistant from base of middle caudal rays and front of eye. Gillrakers minute, about 15 on the lower limb; a large diffuse humeral blotch; sides with numerous small spots; caudal in the adult with a narrow hyaline margin, the rest of the fin black; in the young hyaline, with a faint basal V-shaped bar. scapularis. 666. Depth 12; head 3.33; D. 15 or 16; A. 30-33; abdominal serrze 30 or 31 ; lateral line 73-76; snout pointed, equal to the eye, 3.5 in the head ; interorbital 2.5 in the head ; a lens-shaped naked area on the angle of the preopercle nearly half as high as the second suborbital ; origin of dorsal but little nearer base of caudal than tip of snout; about 8 minute gill- rakers on the lower arch; a prominent humeral spot; sides obscurely spotted, margin of caudal and a V-shaped basal band black; scales along 17 This specimen seems to have teeth on the palate, depth 1.75 PND PES ine ae ee serre 30. 48 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. base of anal and anal margin black; base of anal white; dorsal and adipose blackish. bilineatus. Order HAPLOMI. BOE CIEL D A. GENERA OF PCCILIIDA OF GUIANA. a. Males similar to the females except in color; oviparous; dorsal over the anal ; eyes normal ; teeth conical, in several series ; body subcylindrical. Rivulus Poey. aa. Anal of the male modified ; viviparous. 6. Eyes elevated, the upper part adjusted to see in the air, the lower in the water ; dorsal behind the anal in both sexes. Anableps Linneus. 66. Eyes normal. c. Caudal peduncle without a knife-like edge below ; anal fin of the male on the lower surface of the abdomen. d. Intromittent organ not spine-bearing, composed of simply modified anal rays; males at least as large as the females. Pecilia Bloch and Schneider. dd. Intromittent organ with many retrorse spines in front and behind; | males highly ornamented and much smaller than the females, Acanthophacelus Kigenmann. cc, Caudal peduncle with a knife-like ridge below ; intromittent organ very long, placed under the pectoral, the ventrals of the male under the gill opening ; teeth conical, in a few series. Slender, hyaline. Tomeurus Eigenmann. Genus RIvuULUS Poey. The new species of Azvudus of British Guiana are best definable by the following key: a. Sides without longitudinal markings except a dark band from tip of lower jaw continued as a darker shade of the general color of the side; head 4; depth 434; D.9 or10; A. 12; scales 35 counting to the last one on the caudal ; 20-23 scales in front of the dorsal; eye 3.5, greater than snout; 1.6 in inter- orbital; occipital scales as large as the two bordering it on its sides ; caudal broad, subtruncated or rounded, with angular corners above and below; sides dusky, centers of the scales of the back darker; middle of caudal with about 5 cross-bars ; ventrals margined with dark ; dorsal and anal dark ; origin of anal equidistant from base of middle caudal rays and upper angle of gill opening. breviceps. aa. Sides with longitudinal markings. 6. Anal 14-17. c. Head 4-4.5; depth 5; D.9 or 10; A. 15-17; scales 43 plus 4 0n the base of the caudal rays; eye 3.5 in head, equal to snout, 1.6 in inter- orbital ; occipital scale very narrow ; caudal broadly rounded ; origin of anal equidistant from base of middle caudal rays and upper angle of gill openings ; about 30 scales in front of the dorsal ; female with a EIGENMANN: THE EXPEDITION TO BRITISH GUIANA. 49 black spot on the upper part of the caudal peduncle ; anterior parts of the male with numerous longitudinal lines; middle series of scales on caudal peduncle and second series above and below this with series of conspicuous spots ; similar spots irregularly placed on other scales of the caudal peduncle and forward in the male; dorsal and caudal and in less degree the anal profusely spotted in the female; less so in the male; ventrals and anal margined. holmie. cc. Head 4.66-5; depth 5.5-6; D. 8; A. 14-16; scales 46-52 plus sev- eral on the base of the caudal rays ; about 33 scales in front of dorsal ; eye 3.75 in the head, 2 in the interorbital ; sides in male with alter- nating light and dark stripes, the middle line of the sides light, bor- dered with rather wider dark bands, which have lighter spots or streaks in the center, above and below these alternating light and dark stripes ; sides in female with a median dark stripe, a second one some distance below it and another above it, all much heavier on the caudal peduncle where the lower of the three becomes especially heavy ; ventrals and anal margined ; caudal spotted near base in the female. = wazmacut. 66, Anal 11-13; head 4.5; depth 5.5. d. Scales 42 or 43; D.6 or 7; A. 11-123; caudal broadly rounded ; origin of anal equidistant from base of middle caudal rays and upper angle of gill-openings; base of the anal equals the head or head less snout ; about 30 scales before the dorsal; female with a faint black spot on upper part of caudal peduncle; sides of the females with a dark spot on the center of each scale; sides of the males with a dark spot on the center of each scale and dark stripes between the rows of scales espe- cially noticeable on the flank, the dark spots becoming obscure at times with the increase in intensity of the stripes; ventrals pale; caudal cross spotted ; spots of the upper part of the sides olive-green, those of the lower rusty. stagnatus. dd. Scales 42 plus several on the base of the caudal peduncle. D.7; A. 13; caudal pointed, lanceolate, with cross-bands between the rays ; origin of the anal equidistant from the base of the middle caudal rays and the second scale behind the upper margin of the pectoral ; base of anal equals head less opercle; about 3 scales before the dorsal. lanceolatus. Rivulus breviceps sp. nov. Type, 50 mm. (No. 1075 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes. ) Shrimp Creek. Cotypes, 4 specimens, 50, 35, 32, and 18 mm. respectively, at least the two larger, males. Shrimp Creek where the path from Tukeit to the Neadot the Kaicteur crosses it. (C. M. Cat. No. 1515 ; I. U. Cat. No: 11759. ) Distinguished by its short head, few scales and absence of longitudi- nal markings. This species was taken with 2. wazmacut. 5O ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Rivulus holmiz sp. nov. Type, a female, 77 mm. (No. 1076 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes.) Holmia. Cotypes, 4 females, 38-77 mm.; and 13 males, 48-70 mm M. ‘Cat. «No; 16775" 1. “Une Gate Now ris.) Creeks about Holmia. Rather abundant under the rocks of a small rivulet behind the Com- pany’s House at Holmia. My attention was first called to it by two Indian girls who caught several specimens for me while bathing. Belly in life yellow, spots in the smaller specimens rusty, sides bluish ; dorsal and anal red, margined with olive. Spots in the female dark brown, sides olive. | It is interesting to note that the females have the distinguishing caudal spot and are otherwise more brilliantly marked than the males. Rivulus waimacui sp. nov. ( Vaimacut of the Indians. ) Type, a female, 79 mm. (No. 1078 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes.) Shrimp Creek. Cotypes, 5 males, 57-88 mm. ; 7 females, 41-88 mm. Shrimp Creek. (CIM CatNo, Tro79q" UsCar Now mice.) Cotype, 1specimen, 25 mm. Amatuk. (C. M. Cat. No. 1080.) Cotype, 1 specimen, 41 mm. Waratuk. (C. M: Cat. Nomaaanys Rather abundant in Shrimp Creek ( Orimetuk of the Indians, near the Kaieteur). Atthe time of my visit the water was confined to cracks in the long rocky steps forming the bed of this creek. Female. — Upper surface olive. Sides cobalt-blue shading to sky- blue below, alternating with stripes of bright red; dorsal and caudal margined with light greenish-blue somewhat rusty on lower edge ; darker part of dorsal and caudal purple ; anal very pale blue with rusty spots at base, then rusty, margined as well as ventrals with dark purple. Entire ventral surface salmon to orange ; pectorals geranium-red to orange ; ventrals except at margin like belly. Chin and lips purplish. Male. — Has caudal purplish-red, and anal yellowish with purple spots, belly white ; back and sides olive-purplish with stripes of dark purple. Rivulus stagnatus sp. nov. Type, a female, 44 mm. (No. 1082 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes.) Christianburg. EIGENMANN: THE EXPEDITION TO BRITISH GUIANA. bl Cotypes, 13 males, the larger 41 mm. ; 6 females, the largest 46 mm. Sheeianbure. (C. M. Cat. No. 1083, a—-d; I. U. Cat. No. 11761.) Abundant in little pools just below the saw-mill at Christianburg. Several specimens probably belonging to this species were sent me from Kumaka on the Demarara above Wismar. Caudal spots always along the rays, rarely confluent into zigzag cross-bars, anal plain or spotted, dorsal spotted. Rivulus lanceolatus sp. nov. Type unique, 42.5mm. long. (No. 1084 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes.) Rockstone. Rivulus frenatus sp. nov. Type unique, 28 mm. (No. 1085 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes.) Gluck Island. Genus ACANTHOPHACELUS Eigenmann. GUIANA SPECIES OF ACANTHOPHACELUS. a. Male with a bright silvery lateral band bordered above and below by black ; females with wavy brown lines between the scales on the flanks. me/anzonus. aa, Male with two to four spots of varying size and variously placed along the sides, very variable ; female with reticulated sides, unspotted. reticulatus.\® aaa. Male with a black caudal spot usually prolonged along the dorsal and ventral margins ; both male and female with a dark band on the upper part of the sides about 6 scales behind the head. bifurcus, Acanthophacelus melanzonus sp. nov. Type, a male, 27 mm. (No. 1086 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes.) Georgetown Trenches. Cotypes, several females, the longest 39 mm. Georgetown itemenes. (C. M. Cat. No. 1087, a-¢; I. U. Cat. No. 11762.) Head 4 + ; depth 32-4; D. 6; A. 9; scales 27 to base of caudal ; eye 3 In head, 3 in interorbital ; depth of caudal peduncle 6} in the 18 ACANTHOPHACELUS RETICULATUS (Peters). This is the most abundant of the Poeciliids found in the Georgetown trenches. I am not able to distinguish it from the ‘‘ millions’’ of Barbados. The three species of Acanthophacelus together with Pecilia vivipara Bloch & Schneider are the only species in the Georgetown trenches. ‘The latter is the largest of the Pceciliids in the George- town trenches ahd can readily be distinguished by its inconspicuous alternating bands of lighter and darker. The sides between the dorsal and pectoral of the female fre- quently have a dark spot surrounded by silvery; the upper and lower margins of the tail in the largest males is black, 52 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. length; 14-16 scales in front of the dorsal; distance of origin of dorsal equal to eleven scales in front of the dorsal ; end of anal and origin of dorsal equidistant from base of middle caudal rays ; ventrals in the female barely reaching anal ; pectorals beyond origin of ventrals. Female with wavy longitudinal dark stripes on the flanks between the rows of scales merging into brown edged scales on the sides above the anal, sometimes a row of spots between the stripes, one on the margin of each scale ; lower surfaces colorless, back quite dark brown ; scales above the pectoral, between the two lower stripes, silvery white. Male with a silvery band from the eye to the caudal where it is bent upward, bordered above and below on the sides by black stripes also bent up and confluent, but faint on the caudal ; belly colorless ; scales of the back margined with dark, those along the lower side of the caudal peduncle with fainter margins. Fins unspotted in both sexes. Acanthophacelus bifurcus sp. nov. Type, a male, 22 mm. (No. 1088 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes.) Christianburg. Cotypes, 24 2, the largest 29 mm. Small pond at Christianburg. (CoM: Cc NOs 1089, a-e5 LU Gate Now ios Cotypes, 13 <’, the largest 24 mm. Small pond at Christianburg. (C.-M. .C.. No. 1090; a-e ; 15 U."Cat. Neo: jun7a4.) Cotypes, 29 2, the largest 25 mm. Small creek at Wismar. (C. M.:C...No. 1091; a-¢3" 1 U. Cate No: aa 7oce) Cotypes, 8 0’, the largest 24mm. Small creekat Wismar. (C. M. C.INO:/ 1002, \4=05 I. SU) Cat. sNo:r 127609) Some of the females but 20 mm. long are with young. Head 3.33-3.75; depth at origin of anal 4.5; depth of caudal peduncle 5.5; D. 7; A. 8; scales 26 or 27 to base of caudaiemer: 2.5 in the head, 1.33 in interorbital ; 14 scales in front of the dorsal. Slender, much more so than zvefara ; origin of dorsal about equi- distant from base of middle caudal rays and occiput ; end of anal be- low the vertical from the origin of dorsal; ventrals in the female reaching slightly beyond origin of anal; pectorals to the ventrals. Females with a dark vertical spot on the upper part of the sides about six scales behind the head, margined with lighter ; dark borders of the scales of the sides forming a regular reticulation ; a black me- dian line behind the anal ; base and tip of dorsal blackest, all the other . fins hyaline. EIGENMANN: THE EXPEDITION TO BRITISH GUIANA. 53 Male with the general color of the female, the dorsal nearly black ; caudal with a variously shaped dark olive-green vertical band at its base, usually continued into a long prong along the entire upper margin of the fin, very frequently continued into a shorter prong along the ven- tral edge of the fin; the basal bar sometimes diffused over the entire caudal peduncle ; anal with some black. In life sides of male yellowish, caudal peduncle pokeberry-red to dark olive-green ; upper caudal prong bordered by pokeberry-red be- low, or rusty ; one male with a black streak and a milk-white margin to the anal. Tomeurus gen. nov. Teeth conical, in about three series; dorsal placed far back over the last fourth of the body ; anal in the female in advance of the middle of the body, in the male moved forward to below the origin of the pectorals; ventrals not evident in the female, minute, under the upper angle of the gill-opening in the male; pectorals large ; alimen- tary canal much shorter than the body; caudal peduncle with a ven- tral knife-like ridge extending almost its entire length, resembling an adipose fin, but composed of about sixteen paired scales ; intromittent organ of the male very long, composed of the first three anal rays, the “first divided into two lateral prongs near the tip, each of which has a backward projecting process near its middle and a slender spine-bearing appendage near its base, a similar but larger spine-bearing appendage between the bases of the prongs. Tomeurus gracilis sp. nov. Type, 31 mm. (No. r093 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes. ) Cotypes, 30, 29-30 mm. Mud Creek in Aruka River. Wompes, 2.2, about,20, 24. and 28 mm. Mud Creek in Aruka iver cc. WE Cat. No. 1094; I. U. Cat. No. 11767.) Setmpess.r ~, Fo mm, Wismar. (C: M. Cat. No. 1095.) This species represents the type of a new subfamily of Pceciliids. Pleads. 5. deptho.5; ID. 6; A. 6; scales 39 from occiput to. tail ; 7 between the middorsal scale and the ventral ridge ; 26 scales in front of the dorsal ; eye longer than snout, 23 in head, a little less than the interorbital. Very long and slender, mouth rather large, vertical, its width equal to the diameter of the eye; origin of dorsal near beginning of the third fourth of the length, its height equals length of head less oper- 54 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. cle; caudal rather pointed 31 in the length; origin of anal a little in advance of the middle small ; intromittent organ of the male 4 of the length, its origin a little in advance of the vertical from the base of the pectoral, extending to the ventral ridge; pectorals equal to their distance from the snout. : . Hyaline ; a black line from the upper edge of the base of the pec- toral to the middle of the caudal; a broader black line along base of ventral ridge, a few specks below the lateral black line; the scales of the sides above it with a marginal row of chromatophores ; scales of back frequently with one or more additional chromatophores of which a median one is most prominent ; upper part of head and area in front of pectorals dotted. iooeerORTS ON THE EXPEDITION TO BRITISH GUIANA OF THE INDIANA UNIVERSITY AND THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM, 1908. REPORT NO. 2. A New GENUS AND TWELVE NEW SPECIES OF TETRAGO- NOPTERID CHARACINS.! By Marion LEE DvurRBIN.? Dermatocheir gen. nov. This genus differs from its nearest relative Yyphessobrycon in having an archaic pectoral like Archicheir. ‘The pectoral consists of a fleshy lobe, surrounded by a fringe of filaments. Inasmuch as the other fins are well developed, and specimens of other species smaller than the one described have the pectoral normal, the peculiarity cannot be ascribed to extreme youth. It may of course be an abnormal speci- men. Type, Dermatochetr catablepta sp. nov. Dermatocheir catablepta sp. nov. Type unique, 18 mm. (No. 1198 Carnegie Museum Catalog Fishes.) Tumatumari, above the falls. mMeaG 2.5, depth 3:6; DD. 11, A.20,; scales 5=33-3, eye 2.5 in the head ; interorbitals very slightly greater than the eye, 2.2 in the head. 'In the ditches, among weeds in canals and in the small woodland streams of the lowlands of British Guiana occur large numbers of small Tetragonopterid characins with an incomplete lateral line. That no attention has been paid to these fishes by previous collectors is shown by the fact that out of a total of sixteen species, thirteen are new, and the other three had not been recorded from the Guianas. ‘The genera with an incomplete lateral line had until recently been united with the conglomerate genus Zetragonopterus. They are closely allied to A4styanax and Menkhausia. The species of P77ste//a have teeth along the entire edge of the maxillary. The new species of this genus is described in No. I of these reports. Dervmatocheir has an archaic pectoral fin and may be an abnormal specimen. //emigrammus has a scaled caudal and Hyphessobrycon has the caudal naked, characters of but little significance. C. H. Eigenmann, ? Contributions from the ZoGdlogical Laboratory of Indiana University, No. Io2. 55 56 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Compressed, head at the base of the occipital process very nearly equal to the greatest depth. Preventral region rounded, scaled, but without complete series of median scales. Postventral region narrow. Predorsal region rounded. 7 Occipital process short, interorbitals flat, frontal fontanel triangular, narrower than the parietal, slightly longer than the parietal without the occipital groove. Second suborbital leaving a narrow naked mar- gin behind and below. Snout short, about half the length of the eye. Mouth moderately large, lower jaw protruding beyond the upper when the mouth is open. Maxillary 4 the eye; mandible equal to the eye. Premaxillary with five small conical teeth in the outer row and five tricuspid teeth in the inner row. Maxillary with seven small conical teeth closely packed together. Dentary with a series of four rather broad tricuspid teeth, probably followed by several minute ones on the sides. Scales cycloid, regularly imbricate, with strize few (2-3) ; no inter- polated scales or rows of scales. Caudal naked. Analsheath reduced to a single small scale, not extended upon the first anal rays. Pores developed on the first nine scales of the lateral line, the rest of the scales in the series with a shallow notch on the free margin. The series just below the slightly decurved lateral line parallel to it. Origin of the dorsal equidistant from the snout and caudal, penulti- mate ray 2 of the longest which is 3.2 into the length. Caudal notso long as the head. Origin of the anal on the vertical from the second scale behind the dorsal. Anal emarginate, the longest ray about 14 into the length of the base. Ventrals on the vertical from the first dorsal ray. Ventrals just reaching the anal. Pectorals short and | paddle-shaped with a fringe of soft rays. Humeral spot vertically elongate, very faint. No caudal spot, but a few chromatophoresat the base of each caudal lobe. Lateral stripe very dim. Scales of the back outlined with dusky. Fins without pigment. Genus HEMIGRAMMUSs Gill. Hemigrammus erythrozonus sp. nov. Type, 32 mm. (No. 1448 Carnegie Museum Catalog Fishes. ) Erukin. Cotypes, 32 speciméns, 21-33 mm.. Erukin. (C, M. Gameiisies No... 1449, .@=¢ 5) I. Us Cat. Norges.) Distinguished by having along the sides a cherry-colored streak, DuRBIN: —THE EXPEDITION TO BRITISH GUIANA. 57 which is continued upon the base of the caudal; anda streak from above the anterior ten anal rays to the mandible without black chroma- tophores. No humeral spot ; sometimes a small dark spot at the base of each caudal lobe. ‘Teeth mostly three- to five-pointed. Semen 75, Cepth 3.33 10°3.75; D. 11, A: 20-22 ; scales 5—31 to 34-3 to 3.5 ; eye 2.5 in the head ; snout 2 of eye. Interorbitals less than eye about 2.75 in head. Compressed, head at base of the occipital process 2 of the greatest depth. Preventral region rounded, without complete regular series of median scales. Postventral region narrow. Predorsal region rounded, median series of scales incomplete, always more or less irregular near the head. Occipital process from one-sixth to one-seventh of the distance from its base to the dorsal, bordered by three scales. Interorbitals convex. Frontal fontanel much narrower than parietal, triangular, two-thirds of the parietals without the occipital groove. Second suborbital leav- ing a narrow naked margin behind and below. Snout short ; mouth moderately large. Lower jaw included when the mouth is closed. Maxillary # of the eye. Mandible equal to the eye, 2.5 in head, much weaker than the upper jaw. Naked area of cheek 1 the eye in width. Premaxillary with five three- to five-pointed teeth in the inner row and two or three narrow tricuspid teeth in the outer row. Maxil- lary with two to four, three- to five-pointed teeth. Dentary with four or five, five- to seven-pointed teeth in a graduated series followed by seven or eight minute tricuspid and conical teeth on the sides. Gillrakers 8 + 6. Scales cycloid, regularly imbricate, striz few, variable in number (2 to 7) ; no interpolated scales or rows of scales. Anal sheath short, of three scales covering the bases of the first five anal rays. Caudal scaled over the basal fourth. Lateral line with pores on six to nine scales. Very slightly decurved. Origin of dorsal equidistant from the snout and caudal, penultimate ray one-third the longest, which is 32 into the length. Origin of the anal on the vertical from the last dorsal ray. Anal deeply emarginate, longest ray four-fifths as long as the base. Caudal equal to the length of the head. Ventrals on the vertical from the second scale in front of the dorsal. Ventrals just reaching the first or second anal rays. Pec- torals reaching the first scale in front of ventrals. No true humeral spot ; pores and margins of the first three or four 5S ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. scales in the lateral line heavily outlined with dusky and a group of large chromatophores just behind the eye on the head give the appear- ance of a humeral spot. Web of distal half of dorsal, almost all of the caudal, all of the ventrals, pectorals, and the web between the first seven anal rays dusky. Often a faint little dark spot at the base of each caudal lobe, no true caudal spot. Scales of the back and upper one-third of the sides outlined with dusky. A broad stripe extending from the head to the caudal and half way to the end of the middle caudal rays without chromatophores, cherry-red in life. Below this lateral stripe a dusky stripe two scales in width extends -the length of the body. The belly and astreak on the sides from just above the bases of the anterior ten anal rays to the mandible without chromatophores. Bases of the anal and under side of the caudal peduncle black to dusky. Lips dusky. Dorsal lobe and upper part of the iris cherry-red in life. Hemigrammus rodwayi sp. nov. Type, 46mm. (No. 1450 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes. ) Georgetown trenches. Cotypes, 183 specimens, 38-49 mm. Georgetown trenches. (C. M.. Cat..No..1451, @-2; U.-@at. Nov aite06-) Cotypes, 112 specimens, 28-53 mm. Botanic Garden. (C. M. Cat.’ No. 1452, .¢-25 J. UV. Cat.No= 11967.) Cotypes, 4 specimens, 24-26 mm. Mud Creek in Aruka. © (C. M.. Cat..No. 1453,.a—-0; 1. UxCat, No. 11908.) Cotypes, 7 specimens, 34-40 mm. Creek in Barima River. (C. M.,Cat.. No. 1454, a=65 1; U. Cat. No. 11909. ) Distinguished from /7. matez by not having the iridescent spot on the caudal peduncle. Fins without definite black markings, some- times dusky. Caudal spot well extended upon the caudal rays. A bright cherry-red spot at the base of each caudal lobe in living males ; this same color is very often found on the base of the dorsal and anal. The red is replaced in females with yellow. Head 4, depth 2.75-3, D 11, A 22-24; scales 5-32 to 34-25 to 34; eye 2-24 in the head; snout 2 of the eye, interorbitals very nearly equal to the eye, 2.4 to 2.5 in the head. Compressed, head at the base of occipital process 3 to 2 of the greatest depth. Preventral region rounded without complete series of median scales. Postventral region narrow. Predorsal region DuRBIN: THE EXPEDITION TO BRITISH GUIANA. 59 rounded, sometimes with complete series of nine or ten median scales. Occipital process one-sixth of the distance from its base to the dorsal, bordered by three scales. Interorbital convex. Frontal fontanel narrower than the parietals, triangular, and almost as long as the parietals without the occipital groove. Second suborbital without naked margins. Snout short, mouth moderately large, lower jaw in- cluded only when the mouth is closed. Maxillary not quite equal to the eye. Mandible a little longer than the eye, 2—2.4 in the head. Preopercle not deeply incised above. Premaxillary with four or five four- or five-pointed teeth in the inner and three or four tricuspid teeth in the outer row. Maxillary with two or four small conical or three-pointed teeth. Dentary with a graduated series of four five- to seven-pointed teeth, and several minute conical teeth on the sides. Gillrakers 10 + 6. Scales cycloid, regularly imbricate, no interpolated scales or rows of scales, striz (about ten) variable in. number, some scales of the pre- dorsal region being probably lacking in some specimens. Caudal much scaled. Anal sheath of about five scales covering the bases of the first six to eight anal rays. Axillary scale developed. Lateral line with pores on nine to twelve sometimes fifteen scales, lightly decurved. Origin of the dorsal equidistant from snout and caudal, penultimate ray one-third of the longest, which is 35 into the length. Origin of the anal on the vertical from the first or second scale behind the dorsal. Anal deeply emarginate ; longest ray 3-% of the length of the base. Caudal half the length of the eye longer than the head, much scaled, ventral lobe slightly larger than the dorsal lobe. Ven- trals on the vertical from the first scale in front of the dorsal, just reaching the anal. Pectorals either not quite or just reaching the ventrals No shoulder spot. A silvery lateral stripe extending from the caudal to about the vertical from the first dorsal rays, and continued forward by a few large scattered chromatophores. The black caudal spot usually extending nearly or entirely to the end of the middle caudal rays. Scales of the back and sides above the lateral stripe out- lined with pigment, an olive stripe along the back, sides above stripe straw-colored, scales below the stripe with a light blue iridescence. All fins somewhat dusky. Males with a cherry-red spot on the base of each caudal lobe, anterior anal margin with a white bar broadest 60 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. towards the tip, the rest of anal and the base of dorsal tinged with red. Females with yellow on caudal, anal, and dorsal in place of the red described in the case of males. The white bar on anal lacking in females. Hemigrammus iota sp. nov. Type, 18mm. (No. 1458 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes. ) Gluck Island. ; Cotypes, 4 specimens, 19-21 mm. Rockstone. (C. M. Cat. No. 1400, @ 3 1. Ul. 'Cat; INO rr) Cotypes, 7 specimens, 18-21 mm. Gluck Island. (C. M. Cat. No. 1459, 2-0; 1. U. Cat. No. 11913.) Distinguished by vertically elongate black humeral spot, a black I- shaped bar on the caudal peduncle not continued on the caudal rays and not continuous with the narrow blackish lateral stripe. Maxillary with two, four-.or five-pointed teeth. Head 3.6, depth 3.4; D. 11, A. 15-17; scales. 5-30-3 ;eyeua2 = 2.5; snout 2 of the eye. Interorbitals slightly less than the eye, 2.8 in the head. Compressed, head at the base of occipital process 3 of the greatest depth. Preventral region rounded, usually without complete series of median scales. Postventral region narrow. Predorsal region rounded, usually with complete series of nine to eleven median scales. Occipital process one-seventh to one-eighth of the distance from its base to the dorsal bordered by two scales on each side. Interorbitals convex. Frontal fontane much narrower than the parietal, triangular, three-fourths of the parietals without the occipital groove. Second suborbital covering the entire cheek. Snout short, mouth compara- tively large; lower jaw included only when the mouth is closed. Maxillary .7 of the eye. Mandible a little longer “than the eye, 2 + inthe head. Premaxillary with five, three- to five-pointed teeth in the inner row, and two or three narrow tricuspid teeth in the outer row. Maxillary with one or two broad teeth with four or five points. Dentary with a graduated series of four or five large five-pointed teeth followed by four or five minute conical teeth on the side. Gillrakers about 9 + 7. Scales cycloid, regularly imbricate, strize few (5-7) variable in number ; no interpolated scales or rows of scales. Anal sheath short, composed of seven scales, covering the base of the first eight or nine anal rays. Caudal scaled. Lateral line with pores on the first six to eight scales. Lateral line very slightly decurved. DuRBIN: THE EXPEDITION TO BRITISH GUIANA. 61 Origin of dorsal less than half the length of the eye nearer the caudal than the snout. Penultimate ray two-fifths of the longest, which is three and one-fifth into the length. Origin of the anal on the vertical from the first to third scale behind the dorsal. Anal deeply emargi- nate, the longest ray almost equal to the base. Caudal a very little longer than the head. Ventrals on the vertical from the second or third scale in front of the dorsal. Ventrals just reaching the anal, pectorals just barely reaching the ventrals, or more often reaching to the second or third scale in front of the ventrals. Humeral spot conspicuous, black, vertically elongate, surrounded by a small ight area. Caudal spot variable in intensity, not continued upon the caudal rays, and not continuous with the narrow black lateral stripe, which is overlaid with silvery. Scales of the postdorsal region each marked with a round dark spot in addition to a few scattered chromatophores. Scales of the predorsal region witb less distinct round spots and a generally more pronounced dusky shading. Scales of the sides above the lateral stripe outlined with dusky. A few chromatophores scattered over the region between the anal and the lateral stripe. There are some indications of a very faint secondary humeral spot. All fins somewhat dusky. Caudal with an orange spot on the base of each lobe (evident in living specimens only). Hemigrammus orthus sp. nov. Type, 28 mm. (No. 1477 Carnegie Museum Catalog Fishes. ) Tukeit. Cory pes..17. Specimens,.22—30 mm; Tukeit... (C. M. Cat. No. mo.a7; |. U. Cat. No. 11912.) Cotypes, 25 specimens, 14-21 mm. Gluck Island. (C. M. Cat. Newna 710, a—~; I. U..Cat.. No. 11922.) Cotype, i specimen, 27 mm. Essequibo below Packeoo. (C. M. Cat. No. 1480.) Distinguished by a diffuse humeral spot, and a black lateral stripe. A black line at the base of the last anal rays, separate from that at the base of the first seven. Dorsal, caudal, and first seven rays of the anal dusky. No caudal spot. Maxillary equal to the eye. Bei 3275, depth 3.75; D. 11, A.\19 to'22'; scales 5—30 to 33-3 ; eye 2.5 in the head; interorbital not quite equal to the eye, about 3 in the head. Compressed, head at the base of the occipital process about three- 62 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. fourths of the greatest depth. Preventral region rounded, without complete series of median scales. Postventral region narrow. Pre- dorsal region rounded, probably with a complete series of nine median scales. Occipital process about one-sixth of the distance from its base to the dorsal, bordered by two or three scales on the sides. Interorbitals slightly convex. Frontal fontanel triangular, narrower than the parie- tals and not quite equal to the parietal without the occipital groove. Second suborbital leaving narrow naked margins behind and below. Snout a little more than one-half the length of the eye. Mouth large. Maxillary equal to the eye, narrow, slightly curved backwards, the two sides parallel to each other. Mandible equal to the maxillary. Premaxillary with three tricuspid or conical teeth in the outer row and five three- to five- or rarely seven-pointed teeth in the inner row. Maxillary with one-to five tricuspid or conical teeth. Dentary with a graduated series of four or five large three- to five-pointed teeth. Gillrakers 7 + 14. . Scales cycloid, regularly imbricate, no interpolated scales or rows of scales. Striz few, variable in number. Caudal with three to five scales on the base of each lobe. Anal sheath short, of three scales covering the base of the first six anal rays. Lateral line with pores developed on about seven scales. Only slightly decurved. Origin of the dorsal equidistant from the snout and caudal, penulti- mate ray one-third of the longest, which is 3.5 in the length. Origin of the anal on the vertical from last dorsal ray. Anal deeply emargi- nate ; the longest ray about 0.8 of the base. Base of ventrals on the vertical from the second scale in front of the dorsal. Ventrals just reaching anal. Pectorals just reaching ventrals. A diffuse round, or somewhat vertically elongate, humeral spot. A dark lateral stripe heaviest behind the origin of the anal, but not reach- ing the base of the caudal. Nocaudal spot. A black line at the base of the first anal rays not continuous with that at the base of the first ~ seven. Dorsal, caudal, first seven rays of the anal, and first two or three rays of ventrals, dusky. Scales of the back dusky, each often bearing a single black spot. Hemigrammus cylindricus sp. nov. Type, 57mm. (No. 1461 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes. ) ‘Tumatumari. DuRBIN: —THE EXPEDITION TO BRITISH GUIANA. 63 Cotypes, 6 specimens, 35-58 mm. ‘Tumatumari, (C. M. Cat. No. Boeeee's 1. U. Cat. No: 11915. ) Cotypes, 11 specimens, 46-54 mm. Crab Falls. (C. M. Cat. No. m03, @—c; I. U. Cat. No. 11916.) Cotypes, several specimens. Rockstone. (C. M. Cat. No. 1464, @eeg lt. Uy Cat: No. 11917.) Cotype, @ specimen, 45 mm. Gluck Island. (C. M. Cat. No. 1465, a.) Distinguished by large eye, snout almost as long as the eye ; mouth large, maxillary almost straight behind. Slender fishes with all fins hyaline. Humeral spot small, a black line at the base of the anal. Head 3.3-3.66, depth 3.66-4.66 ; D. 11, A. 17 to 20; scales 5-30 to 34-3; eye large, slightly longer than wide, 2.75 in the head; interorbitals almost flat, almost equal to the eye, 3 in the head. Compressed, head at the base of occipital process two-thirds to four-fifths the greatest depth. Preventral region rounded, without complete series of median scales. Postventral region narrow. Pre- dorsal region rounded with a complete median series of eight to twelve scales. Occipital process about one-sixth of the distance from its base to the dorsal, bordered by two or three scales. Interorbital nearly flat. Frontal fontanel small, triangular, narrower than the parietal; two- thirds the length of the parietal without the occipital groove. Second suborbital leaving considerable naked margins behind and below. Maxillary straight, eight-tenths as long as the eye. Mandible a littie longer than the eye, 2.5 in the head. Premaxillary with three or four tricuspid teeth in the outer row and six tricuspid teeth in the inner row. Maxillary with three to six tricuspid or occasionally conical teeth. Dentary with a graduated series of four or five teeth also tricuspid. Gill rakers 6 + 9g. Scales cycloid, regularly imbricate, striz few, variable in number ; no interpolated scales nor rows of scales. Caudal scaled for over half way to the end ofthe lobes. Anal sheath short, consisting of the edge of three large scales. Lateral line with pores developed on seven to twelve scales, very slightly decurved. Origin of the dorsal equidistant from the snout and caudal, penul- timate ray one-third the longest, which is four in the length. Origin of the anal on the vertical from the third scale behind the dorsal. Anal very deeply emarginate, the longest ray just reaching the base of 64 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. the last ray. Ventrals on the vertical from the origin of the dorsal. Ventrals just barely or not quite reaching the anal, pectorals reaching the second scale in front of the ventrals. Humeral spot small, roundish, or roughly triangular, often intense. A black line at the base of the anal. A narrow black lateral stripe. No true caudal spot, sometimes a dusky spot at the base of each caudal lobe. Each scale of the back often with a single intense dark spot. - Scales of the sides often outlined with dusky. Scales of all, except the upper three series, iridescent, the last few on the end and middle of the caudal peduncle rich copper-colored. In life adipose yellow and dorsal yellowish. Hemigrammus analis sp. nov. _ Type, 35 mm. (No. 1466 Carnegie Museum Catalog Fishes. ) Rockstone. Cotypes, 21 specimens, 24-29 mm. Gluck Island. (C. M. Cat. No. 1468, a-¢; 1.,U. Cat, No, 129709.) Cotypes, 72 specimens, 19-36 mm. Rockstone. (C. M. Cat. No. 1467, a7; I. U. Cat. No. 11918.) Cotypes, 2 specimens, 29-35 mm, Wismar. »(C:) Maegan 1469, .@; 1.-U; Cat. No. 11920.) Distinguished by distinct silvery lateral stripe, distinct but not heavy humeral spot. Each mid-dorsal scale with one large round black spot, no caudal spot. Anal short ; teeth all multicuspid. — Head 3.5-3.75, depth 3.25-3.50; D. 11, A 12-143 scales 5-30 to 32-3 ; eye 24 in head, snout 2 of the eye, interorbitals less than the eye, about 2.75 in the head. Compressed, head at base of occipital process # of the greatest depth. Preventral region rounded, without regular series of median scales, postventral region narrow. Predorsal region rounded, having a regular median series of eight scales. Occipital process one-fifth of the distance from its base to the origin of the dorsal, bordered by two or three scales. Interorbitals flat. Frontal fontanel small, triangular, narrower than the parietal ; half the length of the parietal without the occipital groove. Second sub- orbital leaving a narrow naked margin below and behind. Snout short. Mouth large. Lower jaw protruding beyond the upper when the mouth is open: Maxillary not so long as the eye. Mandible equal to the eye. Premaxillary with three or four five-pointed teeth | in the outer row and five five-to seven-pointed teeth in the inner row. DuRBIN: THE EXPEDITION TO BRITISH GUIANA. 65 Maxillary with two or three six- to seven-pointed chisel-shaped teeth. Dentary with four broad seven-pointed teeth followed by three or four minute teeth on the sides. Gillrakers about 6 + 9. Scales cycloid, regularly imbricate, no interpolated scales or rows of scales; striz few, variable in number. Caudal scaled half way to the end of the longest rays. Anal sheath of three or four normal scales, which extend over the bases of the first seven or eight rays. Axillary scale present. Pores developed on seven or eight scales ; lateral line slightly decurved. Origin of the dorsal about equidistant from the snout and caudal, the penultimate ray 0.4 of the longest, which is 3% in the length. Origin of the anal on the vertical from the second scale behind the dorsal ; anal emarginate, longest ray equal to the base ; caudal half the length of the eye longer than the head. Ventrals on the vertical from the first dorsal ray; ventrals just reaching the anal. Pectorals not reaching the ventrals. Humeral spot distinct, but not heavy, not conspicuously elongated. Lateral stripe the width of one scale, not so intense as the humeral spot, expanded on the caudal peduncle, but not continued upon the fin; scales overlying the lateral stripe distinctly silvery. No caudal spot. First five anal rays, the caudal, and all of the dorsal dusky. Each median dorsal scale with a roundish dark spot. Scales of the upper half of the sides outlined with dusky. A few chromatophores scattered about the base of the anal and aggregated so as to form a small dark spot or line on the ventral side of the caudal peduncle. Top of the head dark. ‘The lateral stripe probably red in life. Genus HypHessoprycon Durbin. Hyphessobrycon minor sp. nov. Type,19 mm. (No. 1189 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes. ) Konawaruk. Cotypes, 2 specimens, 21-25 mm. Konawaruk. (JI. U. Cat. No. E707. ) Distinguished by intense submarginal black dorsal spot on the first six or seven rays. ‘Tips of first dorsal rays and an area just below the black spot white. Humeral spot black, small, vertically elongate. Teeth in inner row of premaxillary and maxillary not narrowly tricus- pid nor conical. Small slender fishes with small mouth. 66 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Head 3.5, depth 3.8; D. 11, A. 26 to 28; scales 5-32 orga. eye 2.5 in head ; interorbitals less than the eye, about 3 in the head. Compressed, head at the base of the occipital process 4 of the greatest depth. Preventral region rounded, with complete median series of ten or eleven scales. Postventral region narrow. Predorsal region rounded with complete median series of nine scales, Occipital process about one-fifth of the distance from its base to the dorsal, bordered by two scales. Interorbitals slightly convex. Frontal fontanel triangular, narrower than the parietal, three-fourths the length of the parietal fontanel without the occipital groove. Second sub- orbital leaving narrow naked margins behind and below, the lower margin being a mere line. Snout short, 2 the length of the eye. Mouth small. Maxillary less than the eye, about 3 in the head ; mandible equal to the eye, about 2.5 in the head. Premaxillary with one or two narrow tricuspid teeth in the outer row and five three- to five-pointed teeth in the inner row. Maxillary with two or three broad three- to five-pointed teeth. Dentary with four or five three- to five-pointed teeth in a graduated series followed by several minute conical or three-pointed teeth on the sides. Scales cycloid, regularly imbricate, no interpolated scales or rows of scales ; strize few, variable in number. Caudal naked. Anal sheath short of five scales covering the base of the first eight or nine rays. Pores developed on seven scales, lateral line very slightly decurved. Origin of the dorsals equidistant from the snout and caudal, penul- timate ray little more than one-third the longest which is 3.8 into the length. Origin of the anal on the vertical from the fourth dorsal ray. Anal emarginate, the longest ray twice into the length of the base. Ventrals on the vertical from the first or second scales in front of the dorsal. Ventrals reaching the third anal ray ; pectorals reaching just beyond the base of the ventrals. Humeral spot small, black, vertically elongate. No caudal spot. Lateral stripe extremely narrow and line-like, interrupted and very faint. Scales of the back and upper half of the sides outlined with dusky. Dorsal with an intense black bar on the outer half of the an- terior six or seven rays. ‘The tips of the second, third, and fourth rays and a streak directly below the black bar, white. Last half of anal rays with blackish tips. Caudal, anal, ventrals, and pectorals a little dusky. DuRBIN: THE EXPEDITION TO BRITISH GUIANA. 67 Hyphessobrycon rosaceus sp. nov. Type, 35 mm. (No. 1190 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes. ) Gluck Island. Cotypes, 25 specimens, 19-38 mm. Gluck Island. (C. M. Cat. No. 1191, a—-e; I. U. Cat. No. 11768.) Menyoe, © specimen, 34 mm.- Rockstone. (C. M. Cat. No. E1OQ2, 2. ) Distinguished by an intense round black spot on the first seven dorsal rays, the tips of the second and third dorsal rays milk-white. No humeral or caudal spot. Anal 26 or 27. Teeth of the maxillary and premaxillary small, conical, and tricuspid. Eye large. Piead 35-32, depth 2.75; D. 11, A. 26 or 27; scales 5-31 to 33-33 eye 2.5 in head; interorbitals almost equal to the eye, 2.6 in the head. Compressed, head at base of occipital process two-thirds of the greatest depth. Preventral region rounded, without complete series of median scales; post-ventral region narrow. Predorsal region rounded, without complete series of median scales, slightly keeled. Occipital process about one-fifth of the distance from its base to the dorsal, bordered by three scales. Interorbitals somewhat convex. Frontal fontanel triangular, as wide as the parietal and almost equal to the length of the parietals without the occipital groove. Second sub- orbital with a narrow naked margin behind but not below ; third sub- orbital very small. Maxillary equal to the eye; mandible longer than the eye, 2 + into the head. Lower jaw included only when the mouth is closed. Snout short; mouth large. Premaxillary with two or three narrow tricuspid teeth in the outer row and six to eight small tricuspid and conical teeth in the inner row. ‘The two rows of premaxillary teeth not so far apart as in most species of the genus. Maxillary with four to six very small narrowly tricuspid or conical teeth. Dentary with a graduated series of five three- to five-pointed teeth, followed by about eight minute teeth on the side. Gillrakers 8 + 12. Scales cycloid, regularly imbricate, no interpolated scales or rows of scales, strize few, variable in number. Anal sheath short, composed of four or five scales covering the base of the first seven or eight anal rays. Lateral line with pores developed on six—or seven scales, slightly decurved. Origin of dorsal about half the length of the eye nearer the snout 68 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. than the caudal, the penultimate ray almost one-third of the longest, which is three to three and one-half in the length. Caudal equal to the head. Origin of the anal on vertical from the middle dorsal ray ; anal emarginate, the longest ray 1.5—2 into the base. Rays very close together. Ventrals on the vertical from the first scale in front of the dorsal. Ventrals just reaching the first or second anal rays. Pectorals reaching a little beyond the base of the ventrals. Humeral and caudal spots lacking. Scales of the back outlined with dusky. The entire sides except over the body-cavity with scat- tered chromatophores, which are a little thicker on the caudal peduncle and on the third and fourth scales of the lateral line and the three scales above them. ‘The chromatophores are thinner over a small vertically elongate area immediately behind the humeral area just described. The lateral stripe very slender, extending entirely to the caudal. Dorsal with a round intensely black spot on the first seven rays ; the tips of the second and third rays white. ‘The distal half of the longest anal ray and the tip of the next ray also white. All the fin-rays dusky. Scales on the sides with a pale blue iridescence. In life, a general rosy tinge, especially above anal, base of caudal lobes, and ventrals. Anal lobe and base and tip of dorsal lobe bright orange. Hyphessobrycon minimus sp. nov. Type, 18 mm. (No. 1193 Carnegie Museum Catalog Fishes. ) Cane Grove Corner. | Cotypes, from’ 16-21 mm.. Cane Grove Corner.” (I. Us ate: PL7O9.,) Distinguished by intense caudal spot only slightly continued upon the caudal rays ; a narrow black lateral stripe from the first or second scale in front of the caudal spot to the top of tlie preopercle, a little wider and less intense in the humeral region; no real humeral spot. Head at base of occipital process about ? of the greatest depth ; occip- ital process short. Head 33-34%, depth 34-33: D. 11, A. 16 or 17; scales 5-30 to 33-3; eye 2 + in head ; snout less than the eye ; interorbitals less than eye, about 3 in the head. Compressed, head at base of occipital process 2, or equal to the great- est depth. Preventral region rounded without regular complete series of median scales. Postventral region narrow. Predorsal region rounded, witha regular series of nine or ten median scales almost reach- ing the occipital process. DuRBIN: —THE EXPEDITION. TO BRITISH GUIANA. 69 Occipital process short ; bordered by one to one and one-half scales. Frontal fontanels much narrower than the parietal, about three-fourths the length of the parietal without the occipital groove. Second sub- orbital with narrow naked margins behind and below. Snout short, about one-half the length of the eye ; mouth moderately large. Max- illary less than the eye, 2.75 in the head. Mandible a little more than 2 in the head. Premaxillary with two, rarely three, small tricuspid teeth in the outer row, and five broad five- to seven-pointed teeth in the inner row, the tooth at the median end of the inner row of each premaxillary fitting together, so that the two apparently form a single very large median tooth. Maxillary with two or three broad five- and seven- pointed teeth. Dentary with four large seven-pointed teeth followed on the sides by one or two minute tricuspid teeth. Scales cycloid, regularly imbricate, striee few, variable in number, no interpolated scales or rows of scales. Caudal naked. Anal sheath of three scales covering the base of the first five or six rays. Lateral line with pores developed on five to eight scales, slightly decurved. Origin of the dorsal equidistant from the snout and caudal, its longest ray 34 into the length. Origin of anal on the vertical from the last two or three dorsal rays. Anal emarginate, the longest ray 14 into the base. Ventrals on the vertical from the sécond dorsal ray. Ventrals just reaching the anal; pectorals just reaching the ventrais. Caudal spot intense black, roundish, and scarcely if at all continued upon the caudal rays. Humeral spot lacking, but the intense narrow black lateral stripe widened somewhat in the humeral region. Scales of the back and sides above the lateral stripe heavily outlined with dusky. All the fins somewhat dusky, but without distinct markings of black or white. Sides over the lateral stripe and below it with a steel- blue iridescence. Preopercle also with blue iridescence. - Hyphessobrycon eos sp. nov. Type, 36 mm. (No. 1194 Carnegie Museum Catalog Fishes.) Creek between Potaro Landing and Kangaruma. Cotypes,.24 specimens, 35 to 42. mm. - Creek, between. .Potaro Landing and Kangaruma. (C. M. Cat. No. 1196, a—-e; I. U. Cat. NG:..5,1 7'70:,) . = Cotypes, 43 specimens, 19-34 mm. Tukeit. (C. M. Cat. No: tion,.@-7 >, 1. U; Cat.) No- 31771.) 70 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Distinguished by an intensely black spot covering the ventral two- thirds of the caudal peduncle, not continued upon the caudal rays. Humeral spot faint, vertically elongate, scarcely visible on very dark specimens. Maxillary teeth mostly conical, largest teeth with never more than three points. Maxillary equal to the eye. Head 3.25-3.33, depth 2.5-2.7 ; D. 11, A. 17-203; scales 6-33 or 34-4 ; eye 2.5 in head; snout about } the eye ; interorbitals almost equalthe eye, 2:75 1nsheads Compressed, head at base of occipital process 2 of greatest depth. Preventral region rounded, without complete, regular series of median scales. Postventral region narrow. Predorsal region rounded with complete series of ten median scales. Occipital process about one-eighth of the distance from its base to the dorsal, bordered by two or three scales. Interorbitals slightly more convex than in any other species of this genus. Frontal fontanel small, triangular, narrower than the parietal and two-thirds the parie- tal without the occipital groove. Second suborbital leaving a narrow naked margin behind but none below. Snout short, mouth large, lower jaw protruding beyond the upper when the mouth is open. Maxillary equal to the eye; mandible scarcely longer than the eye, about 2.3 in head. Premaxillary with three or four narrow tricuspid teeth in the outer row and five or six tricuspid teeth in the inner row. Maxillary with five to seven conical or very narrow three-pointed teeth. Dentary with a series of four or sometimes five tricuspid teeth followed by a graduated series of seven to ten minute conical and three-pointed teeth on the side. Gillrakers about 6 + 10. Scales cycloid, regularly imbricate, strize several, variable in number ; no interpolated scales or rows of scales. Anal sheath of four to seven scales covering the bases of the first seven rays. Caudal naked; an axillary scale. Pores developed on seven to ten scales; lateral line only very slightly decurved. Origin of the dorsal equidistant from the caudal and snout ; penul- timate ray one-third the longest, which is 3—-3.25 into the length. Origin of anal on the vertical from the last dorsal ray. Anal very shightly emarginate, third ray not reaching to the base of the last ray, the longest ray ?-the length of the base, anal armature well developed. Caudal equal to the head. Ventrals weak, on the vertical from the first scale in front of the dorsal, or from the first dorsal ray; ventrals DuRBIN: THE EXPEDITION TO BRITISH GUIANA. val barely reaching the anal. Pectorals just reaching the ventrals, pec- torals distinctly longer than ventrals. Humeral spot very faint, vertically elongated, very near the head. Lateral stripe narrow and very indistinct. Caudal spot intensely black covering the ventral two-thirds of the caudal peduncle, a little nar- rower in front than on the vertical from the origin of the lower caudal lobe, not continued upon the caudal rays. ‘Top of head and dorsal scales very dark, scales of upper half of the sides heavily outlined with dusky. All fin-webs dusky. Numerous chromatophores scattered over the rest of the body, especially large and prominent on the cheeks.’ Anterior half of anal, base of anal, sides just above the anal, and ventrals reddish ; caudal red or orange to deep yellow, lower lobe often more colored than the upper ; base of dorsal, pectorals, cheeks, and under part of head yellow. Hyphessobrycon stictus sp. nov. Type, 38 mm. (No. 1197 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes.) Lama Stop-Off. ieigpes, 105, specimens... Maduni Creek. (C. M.’ Cat. No. tae,, 4-7 ; 1. U. Cat. No. 11895. ) Cotypes, 116 specimens, 22-39 mm. Lama Stop-Off. (C. M. Gat No, 1436, ¢—2; J. U.. Cat. No. 11896.) em pe, 1 specimen. .Kockstone: . (C..M.;:Cat.. No..1437.) Cetypes, To specimens. . Christianburg Canal. (C. M. Cat. No. goseya—¢, 1. U.:Cat. No:-11897..) @orpe.. 1 specimen. ~/ Canegrove; Corner. (C.. M.. Cat... No, 1439. ) Distinguished by distinct humeral spot in a light area; center of humeral spot equidistant from posterior margin of the eye and the dorsal ; no caudal spot. Anal long. ‘Teeth many pointed. Plead. 2.5 to 3.5, depth 2.475 to 3.25; D. 11, A. 26—31 ; scales 6—33 to 35-4; eye 2.25 in head; snout one-half of eye; interorbitals less than the eye, about 2.5 in head. Compressed, head at base of occipital process two-thirds to three- fourths the greatest depth. Preventral region rounded, without reg- ular complete series of median scales. Postventral region narrow. Predorsal region rounded, with complete series of nine to eleven median scales. ry 3 All specimens at hand were preserved in formalin and so have the black pigment emphasized. Te ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Occipital process one-fifth of the distance from its base to the dorsal, bordered by three scales. Interorbitals very slightly convex. Frontal fontanel large, triangular, only slightly narrower than parietal, as long as the parietal without the occipital groove. Second suborbital with naked margins behind and below. Snout short. Mouth moder- ately large. Lower jaw protruding beyond the upper when the mouth is open. Maxillary not so large as the eye. Mandible equal to the eye. Premaxillary with two or three, rarely four, small five- to seven- pointed teeth in the outer row, and five large seven- to nine-pointed teeth in the inner row. Maxillary with one to three broad seven- pointed teeth. Dentary with five or six large seven- to nine-pointed teeth followed by two or three very small, but multicuspid, teeth on the side. Gillrakers about 5 + 11. Scales cycloid, regularly imbricate, no interpolated scales or rows of scales ; strize few, variable in number. Base of the caudal sometimes a very little scaled, the broad terminal scale often wanting. Anal sheath short, composed of four scales covering the bases of the first six rays. Axillary scale developed. Pores on seven to eleven scales ; lateral line slightly decurved. Origin of the dorsal a third of the length of the eye nearer the base of the caudal than the snout ; penultimate rays 0.4 of the longest, which is 24 to 22 into the length. Origin of anal on the vertical from the last dorsal ray; longest ray 1.66 in the base, which is 1.2 times the head. Ventrals on the vertical from the first or second scale in front of the dorsal, ventrals just reaching the anal. Pectoral never reaching beyond the second scale in front of the ventrals. Humeral spot round, very intense, surrounded by a light ring, very frequently with a less intense dark bar extending obliquely downwards and forwards and another shorter bar extending obliquely upwards and forwards. A faint secondary humeral spot the width of two scales behind the first. Lateral stripe sharp and very narrow, not reaching the caudal, no caudal spot. Dorsal scales outlined with dusky. Top of head very thickly covered with chromatophores. Fins all a little dusky. Sidessilvery, iridescent. Caudal peduncle as far as the front of adipose, the adipose and caudal, except the lobes, very rich cherry- red. Caudal lobes, anal, and dorsal canary-yellow. PS CONTRIBUTIONS TO A -KNOWLEDGE OF THE ODONATA OF THE NEOTROPICAL REGION, EXCLUSIVE OF MEXICO AND CEN- TRAL AMERICA. By Prins PO CALVERT bi. D),, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA, PHILA- DELPHIA, PA. In the collections which various museums loaned to me for study as material for the account of the Odonata lately published in the ‘‘ Bio- logia Centrali-Americana,’’ many species were represented, which do not form part of the Mexican-Central-American fauna, as far as we know. ‘The present paper deals especially with these species, but does not pretend to give a complete list of Neotropical Odonata. Different groups have been treated with different degrees of fulness for various reasons, and the title of the paper, it is believed, exactly expresses its scope. Some of the ‘‘ Biologia’’ records also have been repeated in order to add further information which lay outside the limitations of that group. The largest part of the material here dealt with is the property of the Carnegie Museum of Pittsburgh, to the Director of which, Dr. W. J. Holland, I am indebted for the opportunity of studying it. Other parts come from the U. S. National Museum, thanks to Dr. L. O. Howard and the late Dr. W. H. Ashmead ; from the Museum of Com- parative Zodlogy, Cambridge, Mass., thanks to Mr. Samuel Henshaw ; and from the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, where Dr. Henry Skinner has given me the freest use of the Odonate collections. The original sources of these various collections are given below. In the citation of previous literature the usual but not invariable tule has been to. give no references, if Mr. Kirby’s Catalogue of Odonata (1890) quotes all the important descriptions of a given spe- cies. If some later work deals with a species more fully, or gives the specific bibliography more completely, that work has been quoted. The Comstock-Needham terminology of the wing-veins has been used, but, in order to facilitate comparisons with the older descrip- 73 74 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. tions, the Comstock-Needham name of a vein is often followed by the Selysian name in parentheses, especially in the first part of the paper. Finishing this manuscript on the eve of departure for Central America, it is a pleasure, as well as a duty, to acknowledge the kind- ness of Dr. Holland in undertaking the burden of proof-reading, which distance renders impracticable for the author. The principal collections on which the paper is based are: 1. Collections made tn the northwestern corner of the Department of Magdalena, Colombia, adjoining Santa Marta, by Mr. and Mrs. fHlerbert H. Smith, between March, 1898, and September, 1gor. Mr. Smith has given a description of this district of Santa Marta, with notes on the localities, in the Bulletins of the American Museum of Natural History, vol. xx, pp. 408-414, 1904. From these notes we extract the following having relation to the Odonata: ‘‘ Bonda:; Village on the river Manzanares, seven miles east of Santa Marta. This was our headquarters during the greater part of our stay in Colombia. ‘The village itself is only 150 feet above sea- level, but most collections were made in somewhat higher land. The country is hilly, covered in great part with dry forest with intervals of open grass land on the ridges. A thin line of mountain forest adjoins the river. ‘* Cacagualito: Plantation, twenty miles east of Santa Marta, 1,500 feet ; vegetation principally mountain forest, which here extends to a lower level. Jordan is a plantation two miles further east, in a valley, at 1,000 feet. ‘* Crenega, or La Cienega : ‘Town on the coast adjoining the great lagoon of the same name ; the lagoon belongs to the estuary system of the Magdalena. ‘The country around is flat, swampy in places, and with salt plains ; two or three miles back are dry hills with a scrubby growth (dry-forest vegetation). Rio Frio is a town a few miles south of Cienega, on a river of the same name; Gaira, on the Gaira River, is between Cienega and Santa Marta, on low land. ‘These towns are connected by a railroad. ‘¢ Don Amo: Plantation, eighteen miles east of Santa Marta, ina mountain valley, at 1,500 feet ; large clearings in mountain forest, with adjoining dry forest and open lands. Don Amo Viejo is a locality near it. CALVERT: ODONATA OF THE NEOTROPICAL REGION. 745) ** Don Diego: Plantation on the coast at the mouth of the river Don Diego, five miles east of the Buritaca, and with similar surface and vegetation’’ [z. ¢., ‘‘ The mountain forest here’? — at Buritaca — ‘‘comes down bodily to the coast, where there are sand-beaches and mangrove-swamps ; the country is low and damp. ‘There are small tracts of open grass land near the river mouth’’]. ‘¢ Minca: Plantation on the river Gaira, twelve miles southeast of Santa Marta, at the lower border of the main mountain forest, which here adjoins dry forest and open grass lands. Elevation 2,000 feet. ‘* Onaca ; Plantation, eighteen miles E.S.E. of Santa Marta, at the lower border of the main mountain forest, which here adjoins the open lands. Elevation 2,000 feet. ‘* Valparaiso ; Plantation near the head of the river Gaira, twenty miles southeast of Santa Marta, 4,500 feet. Extensive clearings in the mountain forest. Las Purtidas is a locality near it at 3,500 feet.’’ Mr. Smith emphasizes the difference between mountain forest and dry forest, believing the difference to be interesting and significant. ‘* The true mountain forest is a matted growth of trees and vines with numerous epiphytes and ferns; very few trees shed their leaves at stated seasons, and the forest is damp and verdant throughout the year. In the dry forests, on the contrary, nearly all the trees and vines are leafless during the latter part of the dry season, February to May ; the few peculiar ferns die down to the roots. Grasses and herbs are abundant wherever the ground is not too shady, but they wither dur- ing the dry months. ‘The distinction of plant species is almost com- plete, and is all the more remarkable because the two kinds of forest exist side by side.’’ ‘I have been thus explicit in describing the two kinds of forest because they exist in all parts of tropical America. The ‘pampa’ [dry forest] of the Santa Marta district is the ‘ campo ’ and ‘ coatingo ’ of Brazil, and the scrubby growth of lower hills in the West Indies ; a modified form is the ‘chapparal’ of Mexico. Every- where the plants are different from those of the swamp forest ; gener- ally the trees are lower, often small and gnarled and sometimes scat- tered ; and everywhere they shed their leaves during the dry season. The difference does not always correspond toa difference of soil or situation ; the two kinds of forest may adjoin each other on level ground or on a mountain side, on land equally dry or humid. _ “Jt is impossible to avoid the impression that the dry forest is an old, stunted, and worn out vegetation, tending to extinction, while 76 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. the swamp forest, with its exuberant growth, is plant life in the vigor of youth. . . . It is possible that the dry forest, with its open lands or ‘campos,’ represents an older flora.’’? 2. Collections Made in Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina by Mr. and Mrs. H. H. Smith in 1885 and 1886. The following notes are taken from letters from Mr. Smith to the author, dated December 6, 1908 and April 24, 1905. Brazil. ‘“ Cachoeira : This is a stream, or small river, which rises near Cha- pada, flows N. then N.E. and finds its way to the R. Cuyaba. The collections with this label were made at a place about fifteen miles N.E. of Chapada, where the river passes through a gap in the hills. Forest and grass-land with some boggy places. Practically the same as Chapada. ‘* Chapada : A small village of Matto Grosso, Brazil, about twenty- five miles E.N.E. of Cuyaba, on the plateau. The village itself is about 2,500 ft. above sea level, or 1,800 ft. above Cuyaba; but col- lections are from all the surrounding region as low as 1,500 ft. This is a country of mixed forest and campo, or grass-land with scattered trees ; there are many streams — some small lakes or ponds, and tracks of more or less boggy savanna where the streams rise. ‘ and doubtless other species, the young males of fulgida have the apical brown spot of the hind wing not yet distinctly developed. Habitat. — PERU: Iquitos, Staudinger, 16‘, 12. Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, Cambridge, Mass. 3. Lais pruinosa Selys. The male has a pair of occipital tubercles, inferior half of the metepimeron yellow, the pale cleft anterior lamina one-fourth as long as 2, the posterior hamule not hairy anteriorly. Flabitat. — Brazi.: Rio Grande do Sul, by H. H. Smith, 1% (lacking the tip of the abdomen), 1 9. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. 4. Lais pudica Selys. (PLATE IX, FIGS. 149-151, 155.) The wings of young males are brown without any red (except the apices which remain uncolored throughout life). Subsequently, red appears in the midst of the brown and gradually occupies the whole of the previously brown area. The wings of the female remain brownish throughout life, although this color occupies a smaller area than in the male. Flabitat. — Braziu: Chapada, by H. H. Smith, 1 & and parts of 4 others No. 73, 2 @ and parts of 4 others No. 76. Carnegie Museum, Pittsouren. Sao Paulo, March 28, 1900, 1 cd’, 3 & ; and Reboucas, September 26, 1900, 1 <’, collected by A. Hempel. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. PARAGUAY: Sapucay, January 16, 1903, by W. T. Foster, 6 3S No. 17,6 2 No. 6. U.S. National Museum. 5. Heterina fuscibasis sp. nov. GCEDAPTERE, FICS. (1, 25, PLATE LX,-FIGS,, 152; 153.) 3. Black, except as follows: second joint of antenne brown an- teriorly, two elongated pale brown spots on the second lateral thoracic 2There is a pair of hawxwelli from Brazil (no definite locality) in the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. BG Selys,' 7. ¢.5 p:.1. 82 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. suture, thorax with slight metailic-green or metallic-copper reflections, anterior abdominal segments with slight metallic-violet or metallic- green reflections ; labrum in a younger male with a pale spot on each side. Superior abdominal appendages longer than 10, as long as g, forci- pate, black outer margin with 4—5 spines in the distal half, inner mar- gin widening gradually from the first to the second third of the appendage length ; beyond the point of greatest length the upper sur- face bears an oblique row of small denticles and distal to the row a transverse ridge, the inner (mesal) end of which forms a slight projec- tion on the inner edge of the appendage at three-fourths length when seen from above, apex obtuse, rounded. In profile the lower margin is distinctly convex in the third and fourth fifths, or middle third, of the appendage length, corresponding to the widening of the inner margin as viewed from above. ~~ Inferior appendages five- to six-tenths as long as the superiors, black ; in profile view curved slightly upward, tapering from base to apex ; in ventral view, as distant from each other as the superiors, only slightly curved toward each other. Legs black. Wings dark brown for their entire width from base to nodus, un- colored beyond, the outer edge of the brown extending in a usually somewhat zig-zag line to the hind margin of the wing in such a way that the hind edge of the brown is a little shorter (9-10 mm. ) than its front edge (10-11 mm.). Apex of hind wing edged with brown from the second to the sixth cell before the termination of R, (= median vein of de Selys) to the termination of the second of the three longer sup- plementary sectors below M, (= principal sector of de Selys), or 2-3 cells posterior or anterior thereto. No trace of a pterostigma. Front wings with two or three rows of cells in the greater part of the anal area (= proximal part of the postcostal space of de Selys) to the level of the distal end of the quadrilateral, when there are two rows, then near the distal end of that area are three rows or three cells here and there ; three or four rows in a great (middle) part of second cubital area* (=distal part of the postcostal space of de Selys); 3-5 cross-veins in the basal median area (= median space of de Selys, 1896), 4—7 cross-veins in the quadrilateral, 17-19 ante-, 29-35 postnodals. Hind wings with +Mr. Williamson has denoted this area also by the letters AN AR, ana/ area, in his figure I (page 168, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxviii) showing the nomenclature of he venation of a Calopterygine wing. CALVERT: ODONATA OF THE NEOTROPICAL REGION. 83 never more than two rows of cells in any part of the anal area, with two (56 per cent.) or three (44 per cent.) rows at most in the sec- ond cubital area (16 wings examined), 3-6 cross-veins in the basal median area, 4—6 cross-veins in the quadrilateral. 2. Differs from the male in being dark metallic-green with the fol- lowing parts pale yellowish: anterior surface of the second antennal joint, labrum (except at base, which is black, and a median black line, absent in some), external surfaces of mandibles, proximal parts of the lateral labial lobes, a narrow longitudinal stripe (absent in some) on each side of the middle prothoracic lobe and another on the inferior margin of the prothorax each side, a short inferior mesepisternal stripe bordering the lower end of the humeral suture anteriorly, a sub- equally long, but narrower posthumeral stripe on the middle of the mesepimeron, an elongated spot on the lower end of the same sclerite, asmall spot on the mesinfraepisternum, a stripe (reduced or interrupted in some) on the first lateral suture, two spots (absent in some) on the hind margin of the metepisternum, the lower larger and confluent with the yellow which covers most of the metinfraepisternum, most of the metepimeron (except for a. median longitudinal black or metallic-green stripe ) wider at its upper end, where it does not reach the base of the hind wing, pectus, which, however, is encircled and trans- versely crossed with black, in some the margins of the antealar sinus and of wing-bases, a longitudinal lateral stripe on 1-2, 3 or 4, a nar- row transverse basal mid-dorsally interrupted ring on 1-7, sides in- feriorly of 9 and tro, the genital valves, spots on the coxe, and a stripe on the: proximal third of the second, half of the third, femora. Abdominal segment 10 with a mid-dorsal longitudinal carina on its posterior half, carina prolonged into a short acute spine projecting beyond the hind margin of the segment, which last is produced slightly backward above and below each abdominal appendage, the produced parts denticulated or spinulose ; appendages not quite as long as 10, very acute at tips. Genital valves minutely denticulated. Wings pale yellowish-brown from base to nodus, this color fading gradually toward the hind margin, at least distal to the level of the quadrilateral ; remainder of the wings much clearer. Anal area of front and hind wings and second cubital area of hind wings with never more than two rows of cells, second cubital area of front wings with three rows in its middle. Front wings with 4-6 cross-veins in the basal median area and in the quadrilateral, 16-20 ante-, 27-33 post- 84 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. nodals. Hind wings with 3-5 cross-veins in the basal median area and in the quadrilateral. Abdomen o& 31-32, 2 27-28; hind wing & 22-24, 2 23-25 mm. Habitat. — Brazit: Chapada, in May, by H. H. Smith, 2 Gand parts of six others, 22 and parts of six others. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. This species differs from all other known species of the genus, except HT. borchgravit, by the entire absence of red on the wings of the male. The brown on these organs recalls Heterina titta Drury, of the extreme southern United States, Mexico, and Central America, but in that species it has been shown,” that, while brown first appears on the wings of the teneral individuals, subsequently red is indicated by a pale pink wash over the brown at the base of the front wings. This pink becomes a deeper and deeper red, while the brown is at the same time darkening. No trace of red is apparent in any of the present material of Heferina fuscibasis, although different ages are repre- sented. If the ontogenetic order of the colors on the wings of fleterina males, as described for A. “tia, H. capitatis®* and A. tolteca,’ has a phylogenetic significance, then /eterina fuscibasis has some claim to be regarded as representing an original, partly brown- winged form, from which the majority of present-day Hetzerinze, with their red-based wings, have sprung. It will also be noticed that the considerable variation in the num- ber of rows of cells in the second cubital area of the hind wings of the male seriously invalidates the grouping of the species of this genus proposed in the work just cited.*® 6. Heterina rosea Selys. Hlabitat.— Brazi_t: Chapada, by H. H. Smith, 7 3 and parts of 8 others, No. 182; parts of 21 9, Nos. 46, 182. Carnegie Mieseame Pittsburgh. 7. Heterina caja Drury. Calvert, Biologia Centrali-Americana, Neuroptera, pp. 21, 33, 1901. Habitat. —CoLomBiA: Bonda in Dept. Magdalena, by H. H. Smith, August, 2c’. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. 5 Calvert, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Neuropt., p. 32, 1901. © Calvert, zézd., p. 347, 1907. "Word, DNAS. 8 Jbid., pp. 20-22, 342-343. CALVERT: ODONATA OF THE NEOTROPICAL REGION. 85 8. Heterina donna Selys. Habitat.— Brazi.: Bom Fim in Bahia State, November 20 and 21, 1907, at the Fazenda de Amaratu, by J. D. Haseman, 47,1 9. Car- negie Museum, Pittsburgh. PARAGUAY: Sapucay, by W. T. Foster; November, 1899, 6 & (No. 19), 5 2 (No. 20); January ro and 16, 1g00, 1 2 (no number) and mem(NG. 21); February, 1900, 1 Y (no number). United States National Museum. 9g. Hetzrina auripennis Burmeister. FTabitat.— Brazit: Muniz Freire in Espiritu Santo, June 18, 1908, by J. D. Haseman, 2 4. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. 1o. Heteerina hebe Selys. FHleterina hebe Selys, Syn. Calopt., p. 34, 1853; Monog. Calopt., p. 112, pl. 11, fig. 3, 1854. Two of the present males have the humeral suture occupied by a narrow yellowish stripe for its whole length, but the third (S. Se- bastiao) has it yellow only for its lower half, the upper half black, thus furnishing the intermediate conditions between those described by de Selys (1854) for the adult { and the young . The superior appendages of all show a detail not mentioned by de Selys, nor shown in the figures, and which is to be seen only in a supero- internal view, not in dorsal or profile ; it is that the dilatation of the inferior inner margin, which forms ‘‘ une plaque triangulaire obtuse,’’ at mid-length of the appendage is not uninterrupted, but emarginate at one-fourth the appendage length, at which point the ‘‘ plaque’’ may be said to begin. De Selys knew this species only as from ‘‘ Brésil,’’ wherefore the value of the more exact localities which follow. fTabitat. — Braziu: Rio Janeiro, December, by H. H. Smith, meet = Carnegie Muséum, Pittsburgh. Sao Sebastiao,. November, 1900, by A. Hempel, 2c’. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 11. Heterina longipes Selys. The present male is smaller than the type, having the abdomen 41, hind wing 31 mm. MHumeral and first lateral yellow stripes narrower, not wider, than in H. carnifex from Nova Friburgo, and not anasto- mosing above near the wings. Metasternum margined with a narrow 86 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. black stripe (‘‘ la cercle noire de la poitrine’’), and with a median longitudinal black stripe on its anterior half and a transverse isolated black mark near its hind end. Flabitat. — Brazit: Santa Catherina, 1%’. Museum of Compara- tive Zodlogy, Cambridge, Mass. 12. Heterina macropus Selys. Heterina macropus Calvert, Biol. Centr,-Amer. Neurop., pp. 21, 34, 346, 1901, 1907. FTabitat, —CoromBia: Bonda, July, 2 2, August, 4’, 5 2, Sep- tember, 2’, 1 ¢, October, 1 o’, 3 2, November, 2.) 17a August, 2, 29%; Cacagualito, August, 19 ; all in Depiaigeda= lena, by H. H. Smith. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. VENEZULA: La Guaira, by Lyon and Robinson, July 3, 1900, 6c; San Julian, by M. W. Lyon, Jr., July 20, 1900, 4 9. U Se Natomas Museum. 7 13. Heterina charca sp. nov. (PLATE I, FIGS. 3-5.) o. Head black, some metallic-coppery reflections on the upper sur- face ; rhinarium, external surface of mandibles, a small adjoining spot on the genze, a smaller spot on each side of the labrum, submentum, mentum, and some adjoining parts of the labium, AaZe yellow. Thorax metallic-green or coppery, the following markings jade yellowish-brown or orange-brown ; a humeral stripe wider below, most of the metapleura (excepting a median dark stripe on the metepister- num reaching from the upper margin of that sclerite down to, or almost to, or half-way to, the metastigma, and a subequally wide or narrower median dark stripe on the metepimeron which reaches to neither the upper nor the lower margins of the sclerite, or the metepisternal stripe broken into two isolated upper and lower streaks, and only a short superior line to represent the metepimeral), a postero-inferior spot on, or all of, the mesinfraepisternum, the metasternum (except for a trans- verse terminal posterior blackish band). Anterior mesothoracic mar- gin, mid-dorsal carina, upper margin of mesopleura and metepister- num, d/ack. Hind lobe of prothorax produced posteriorly. Abdominal segments 1-4 or 5 pale reddish-brown, 1 with a posterior dorsal metallic-green spot, terminal fourth of 2 darker brown, posterior eighth of 3 and 4 or 5 dark brown or almost blackish; 5 or 6—10 black, mid-dorsal carina of ro terminating posteriorly in a short pro- jecting spine. CALVERT: ODONATA OF THE NEOTROPICAL REGION. 87 Superior abdominal appendages longer than ro, almost as long as 9, forcipate, black, with a small superior basal orange spot, with 6-8 spines on the outer margin in the apical half. In dorsal view, the inner margin is slightly and convexly enlarged in the proximal third ; and from one-third to four-fifths’ length is again widened into a large trilobed or tridentate prominence, the first or most proximal tooth or lobe being rounded at tip and situated at one-half the appendage- length, where the appendage reaches its maximum width; the second is more rectangular at tip and at five-sevenths of the appendage length ; the third, also rectangular, is at about four-fifths’ length, less promi- nent, but at a higher level than the other two; the upper surface of the appendage bears an oblique row of a few denticles above the proxi- mal tooth or lobe of these three and running towards the second tooth ; apex of the appendage obtuse, rounded. Inferior appendages black, reaching to three-fifths of the length of the superiors, tapering gradually to the apices, which are slightly curved toward each other and minutely bidentate. Legs black, except the coxz, which are pale brown with some black spots ; in one a pale line on the inner surface of the third femur. All wings pale yellowish between the costa and R, (= median vein of de Selys), and with a red spot at the tip between the distal ends of R, and M, and M,, or M,, and extending proximad 5-9 cells posterior to M,,, a little mere densely reticulated than adjoining areas. Red at the base of the front wing occupying the area between R (= median vein of de Selys) and the hind margin from base to about 5-7 cells distal to the quadrilateral ; it also fills the subcostal area for the same distance, or for the first 6-11 antenodals, and narrowly borders the posterior edge of the costal space for the first 3-13 antenodals; the length of the red area from wing-base distad is 6.5—7.5 mm., or a little less or more than half the distance (13 mm.) from base to nodus. Red at the base of the hind wing occupying the area between costa and anal veins (at which latter it may stop sharply or invade the first row of cells below), from base to apex of quadrilateral whence its distal margin extends forward and outward to a point on R, (= me- dian vein of de Selys) situated at about five cells distal to the level of the apex of the quadrilateral and 7.5 mm. from the wing-base, whence it again retreats towards the base through the subcostal and costal areas, in which two areas the red is paler and mixed or alternated with brown. Median space of both front and hind wings, and often also the 88 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. quadrilateral of hind wings, with two rows of cells (or at least some double cells) in the distal part of each; distal parts of the quadrilat- eral and cubital space, and all of the anal area of the front wings, as well as the proximal ends of the areas immediately distal to those named, filled with numerous small closely-set areoles ; cubital spacé of the hind wings with one row of cells throughout, anal area of the same with two rows except at its extreme proximal end. Area Cu, on front wings in most cases with three rows of cells for part of its length, on hind wings withtwo rows. No vestige of a pterostigma. Front wings with 26-32 antenodals, 38-43 postnodals. °. Differs from the male as follows: second antennal joint yellow ; labrum chiefly yellow, its base, anterior margin, and a median line (sometimes interrupted) black ; yellowish-brown humeral area much widened not only by encroachment, especially at the lower or anterior end, on the dark mid-dorsal coloring, but also on that of the mesepim- eron, which sclerite is thereby predominantly pale colored; mete- pimeral dark stripe reduced in length and width ; posterior margin of abdominal segment ro produced inferiorly into two subacute processes on each side, the upper of the two larger and spinulose ; abdominal appendages subequal in length to 1o, straight, conical, apex acute, blackish, but pale brown at base ; femora pale brown inferiorly ; wings greenish-yellow, unmarked, but the areas corresponding to those occu- pied by the apical red spots of the male are slightly more densely reticulated than adjoining areas, to about the same degree asin the male ; quadrilaterals and cubital spaces and in some also the median spaces of all the wings, as well as the areas immediately distal, con- taining but one row of cells each ; anal area of the front wings of but two rows of cells, of the hind wings of two rows in its distal part only ; area Cu, on front wings with 3 (75 per cent.) or 2 (25 percent. ) rows of cells, on hind wings with two rows, rarely 3; front wings with 22-25 antenodals, 30-40 postnodals. Young °.—Frons and nasus pale brown, the latter with some metallic reflection, thorax pale brown, none of the markings distinct, metapleura still paler, abdomen and legs brown throughout; other- wise as in the older females. Dimensions. — Abdomen & 41-43, & 32-36; hind wing oc 30-31.5, ? 29-33 mm. Flabitat. — Bouivia: Chulumani, November 30; 1898, to January 5, 1899, 40°, 8 ; twelve miles northeast of Coroico, May 20 and CALVERT: ODONATA OF THE NEOTROPICAL REGION. 89 @ane00, 26 ; near Coroico, June 3, 1899, 1 d'; all by W. J. Ger- hard. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. The specific name is taken from that of a human tribe of the neigh- borhood. 14. Heliocharis amazona. CREAgE VELL, Fic. 139.) Heliocharis amazona Selys, Syn. Calopt., p. 55, 1853; Monog. Calopt., p. 188, pl. 5, fig. 5 (wing), pl. 14, fig. 5 (apps. ¢), 1854; Bull. Acad. Belg. (2), xxvii, p. 661, 1869. The type ‘‘ @ jeune’’ from Ega, on which were based the descrip- tions of 1853 and 1854, was stated to have ‘‘le dessus du thorax olivatre,’”> no mention being made of any dark markings. ‘The description of 1869, of a male from Para, reads ‘‘ Devant du thorax verdatre avec une raie a la suture dorsale, une antéhumérale et une double humérale noiratres.’’ The present material has a very distinct narrow black stripe on the mid-dorsal thoracic carina, but any humeral or antehumeral markings are very indistinct and doubtful, although the sides and ventral surface of the thorax are partly pruinose. The abdomen, of which very brief mention is made in the descrip- tions, is greenish at its base (segments 1 and 2), blue on the follow- ing segments, with these black or blackish-brown markings: the intersegmental articulations, a narrow mid-dorsal stripe reaching the entire length of each segment from 2-10, having a hastate form on 2-6, the anterior third of 10, a longitudinal lateral stripe on 2-10 as long as the segments, not confluent with the mid-dorsal stripe except at the intersegmental articulations and at the base of Io. Anal vein (= postcostal of de Selys) separating from the hind mar- gin (2. é., wings ceasing to be petiolated) distinctly proximal to the level of the arculus and at, or proximal to, the level of the cubito- anal cross-vein. M,,, (= principal sector of de Selys) separating from M, (= median sector of de Selys) 2-214 cells beyond the level of the distal end of the quadrilateral on the front wings, 1-1% cells on the hind. Distance from base to nodus 14 (front wings), 12-12.5 (hind wings); from base to proximal end of stigma 26.5-27 (front), 24 (hind) mm. Quadrilateral with one cross-vein, except in one front wing and one hind wing. Median area (= basilar, Selys) with 1-4 (front wings), 2-3 (hind wings) cross-veins. One row of cells throughout the entire second cubital area (= espace postcostal, Selys). Two (in one front wing 3) basal subcostal cross-veins on all the wings. 90 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Labium almost exactly as figured for Dicferias atrosanguinea (Monog. Calopt plas, figsir2)r Abdomen 35-36 mm., hind wing Bt 5-29 mm. fTabitat. — BRAZIL: Chasaes, by H. H. Smith, 2 o’, one numbered 26 by the collector. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. ?. Thorax as above described for the males but without any prui- nosity. Abdomen evidently much faded, but apparently it was of a pale color without black stripes or markings. Abdominal segments 8 and g of nearly equal length dorsally, 10 half as long as g with a mid- dorsal carina for its entire length, hind margin entire. Appendages a little longer than 10, straight, simple, tapering, apices very acute. Genital valves reaching caudad almost to the level of the hind end of 11 (anal tubercle), their ‘‘ palps’’ subequal in length to the mid- ~ dorsum of fo. Venation as described for the Chapada males except as follows: point of separation of M,,, from M, only one cell distal to the level of the distal end of the quadrilateral on the front wings, one cross-vein in the median area of all the wings, only one basal subcostal cross-vein on the wings of the left side, both front and hind. Abdomen 33; hind wing, 29.5 mm. flabitat. — BRAZIL: Rio Sapon, January 30, 1908, by J. D. Hase- man, 1 §. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. As will be seen from the above descriptions, these three specimens not only combine some features of /. amazona and of HZ. lbera Selys, but also differ in some respects, ¢. g., the extent of petiolation of the wing, from the characters laid down for the genus. So few specimens of Helocharis have been examined, however, that we are not yet in a position to say which of the venational differences are in- dividual variations and which represent more fundamental features. 15. Chalcopteryx rutilans Rambur. Prof. Needham has figured the venation of this brilliant species in the Proceedings of the United States National Museum, xxvi, p. 729, fig 222, 1908: Habitat. — Braziu: Apehu, State of Para, November 1, 1892 [by Schultz ?], 1.¢). Collection of P. P. Calvert ex. colljsemie Chapada, by H. H. Smith, 1 j’ and parts of eight others, No. 75. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. CALVERT: ODONATA OF THE NEOTROPICAL REGION. 91 16. Euthore fasciata inlactea subsp. nov. 3. Differs from fasczata type chiefly by the absence of all milky- white color from the wings, the specimens appearing to be fully mature. Front wings with 24-26 antenodals, 31-32 postnodals, a dark brown band, the proximal edge of which is straight and nearly transverse to long axis of the wing, begins at the tenth or eleventh postnodal and ends at the level of the 25th to 28th postnodal, its distal edge less regular and more oblique and proximal to the stigma; this band reaches from the anterior to the posterior margin of the wing, narrow- ing a little posteriorly, its extent along M, (= nodal sector, Selys) 6-6.5 mm. Hind wings with a similar band, the distal edge of which is more oblique and reaches to the stigma, and narrows proportionally more than on the front wings. Abdomen 35, hind wing 26.5 mm. Flabitat. — PERu: Piches and Perene Valleys, 2,000-3,000 feet, Soc. Geog. de Lima, 2 j. U.S. National Museum. 17. Ortholestes clara Calvert. Ortholestes clara Calvert, Entom. News, ii, p. 199, 1891; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1893, p. 380, figs. I, 2 (venation, apps. g ); McLachlan, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), xvi, p. 19, 1896. This species was originally described from Jamaica, and the follow- ing species from Hayti. The late Mr. McLachlan recorded O. clara from Hayti, where we should have expected O. adbdott:. His speci- mens came from Samana Bay; two of them, which he subsequently gave to me, are before me and I agree in his identification. There are also specimens from the same locality, by Frazar, in the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, Cambridge, Mass. 18. Ortholestes abbotti Calvert. Ortholestes abbotti Calvert, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1893, p. 382, fig. 3 (apps. 3). : Hypolestes trinitatis Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xi, p. 290, 1867 (no description). Habitat. — Cupa: by Poey, 1865, 1 3 1 Y, numbered 4.9 and with the label ‘‘ L. trinitatis’’ inde Selys’ hand; 1 d' 1 2, numbered 118. Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, Cambridge, Mass. Hagen (2. c.) quoted this species in his ‘‘ Odonate-Fauna of the Island of 92 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Cuba’’ as from ‘‘ Near the town of Trinidad, also at Bayamo, in July and August.’’ Mr. McLachlan (7. ¢., p. 20) tefersaiiomems species as from the ‘‘ zs/and of Trinidad,’’ perhaps erroneously. I can find no differences between these two females and that of O. clara from Jamaica. The genus Ortholestes is, so far as known, confined to the West Indies. 19. Archilestes grandis Rambur. Archilestes grandis Calvert, Biol. Centr.-Amer, Neurop., pp. 46, 350, I90I, 1907. Habitat. — COLOMBIA: Cacagualito in Dept. Magdalena, Septem- ber, 1 o, November, 1 2, by H. H. Smith. Carnegie@Miuseamy Pittsburgh. Genus LESTES. De Selys grouped the Neotropical species of estes (excluding those continental forms found not farther south than Central America) as follows: ° Rear of the head bronze or blackish, inferior appendages of the male long. minutus (Brazil), seblatus (Surinam). Rear of the head yellow, inferior appendages of the male long. forficula ( Brazil), strtatus (Venezuela), spumarius (Porto Rico). Rear of the head yellow, inferior appendages of the male short. exoletus (Brazil), wndulatus (Chile), aurztus (Brazil), ¢ricolor (South America), pzctus (Brazil), ceswatus (West Indies, etc. ). Of these eleven species I know but six, which, with six hitherto undescribed, may be grouped under a slight modification of de Selys’ arrangement as follows: Rear of the head chiefly dark-colored, inferior appendages of the male almost or quite as long as the superiors. scalaris n. sp. (West Indies), d2pzprl/atus n. sp. ( Brazil). Rear of the head chiefly pale-colored, inferior appendages of the male more than half as long as the superiors. forficula, spumarius, mediorufus vn. sp. (Brazil), pawlistus n. sp. (Brazil). Rear of the head chiefly pale-colored, inferior appendages of the male half, or less than half, as long as the superiors. pictus, tricolor, tenuatus, dichrostigma n. sp. ( Brazil), wndulatus, quadrt- striatus n. sp. (Brazil). The objections to such an arrangement are that in some species the pale color of the rear of the head becomes dark with age and that no means of distinguishing the females of the second and third groups is afforded. With at least one-third of the South American species un- 9 Bull. Acad. Belg. (2), xiii, pp. 298, 308, 310, 1862. CALVERT: ODONATA OF THE NEOTROPICAL REGION. 93 known to me, I do not care to undertake a revision of the neotrop- ical members of this cosmopolitan genus, but I have given descriptions and figures of the pectoral color markings, which seem distinctive spe- cifically, and which appear to be identical, or nearly so, in both sexes of the same species. These will aid greatly in the identifications, I hope, although they too have the disadvantage of being obscured in some cases by pruinosity in age. 20. Lestes scalaris sp. nov. (ELATE. I. vIES..6,. 17,15. ) Lestes scalaris Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xi, p. 289, 1867 (no de- scription ) . S (Young). Dorsal surface of head metallic-green ; a spot caudo- laterad to each lateral ocellus, frons, clypeus, labrum, and gene pale brown ; rear of head obscure, except around the occipital foramen, which with the labium is pale yellow. Thorax pale yellowish-brown, each mesepisternum with a somewhat metallic bluish-brown stripe, attaining the anterior mesothoracic mar- gin, gradually narrowing upward from .36 mm. near its lower end to .24 mm. at five-sevenths’ length where it abruptly widens on its outer side to .5 mm., the outer edge thence continuing as a straight line, the inner (mesial) edge curving outward to meet it at an angle of 45°—50° and without quite reaching the antealar sinus ; at mid-height this mesepisternal stripe is about .16 mm. distant from the mid-dorsal carina. Mesepimeron with an irregular bluish-brown stripe apparently composed of two elongated spots — the upper the longer — connected by a line. The markings of the pectus consist of an elongated dark brown metepimeral spot superior to the anterior end of the latero-ven- tral carina, a brown spot between the two branches of the posterior fork of the same carina, and the following brown metasternal markings: a streak parallel to the latero-ventral carina and lying posterior to the level of the anterior metepimeral spot, a pair of round spots near the hind end of the mid-ventral groove, and a median posterior spot. | Dorsum of abdominal segments brownish, with metallic-blue reflec- tion, sides inferiorly paler, apical fifth or sixth of 3-7 forming a darker ring. Superior abdominal appendages yellowish in the proximal half, darker distally. (For description of shape see next stage. ) Legs yellowish with indistinct darker lines. Pterostigma pale brown. 94 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 3 (Older). Dorsal and posterior surfaces of head dark metallic- green passing into blackish-brown on frons and nasus ; labrum, exter- nal surfaces of mandibles, and gene below the level of the frons, pale blue; extreme free margin of labrum, lower surface of mandibles, labium, and borders of occipital foramen pale yellow. Prothorax obscure, reddish. Thoracic dorsum reddish-brown, sides and pectus yellow, mesepisternal stripes as above, but dark metallic- green, mesepimeral stripe broken into the two spots, dark metallic- green; pectoral markings blackish as above, except that the pair of met- asternal spots are elongated and fused anteriorly and extend forward as a blackish line into the mid-ventral groove. Dorsum of abdominal segments darker, retaining the metallic-bluish reflection, except on the apical fifth or sixth, where it is replaced by metallic-green. A narrow, transverse, basal, mid-dorsally interrupted, pale ring on 3-7. Superior abdominal appendages longer than 10, not as long as 9g; blackish-brown, curved toward each other in their distal halves. In dorsal view the inner edge of each appendage bears at one-third the appendage-length an acute tooth directed caudad, followed by a lam- jna with an almost straight non-denticulated margin for about one- fifth of the length of the appendage, this lamina terminating almost at a right angle to the appendage and succeeded by a concavity, and this by a small (sometimes double) tooth at seven-tenths of the appendage- length, apex rounded. In profile view the proximal two-thirds are almost straight, the distal third curved downward. Inferior appendages nine-tenths as long as the superiors, pale brown, almost straight, curved slightly toward each other, very slightly en- larged before the apex in dorsal view ; in profile view the distal three- fifths much more slender than the proximal two-fifths. Legs pale blue or yellow, femora with a superior and an inferior longitudinal black line, tibize with an inferior longitudinal black line, tarsi black. Pterostigma blackish brown. | 3 ( Oldest seen). Generally blackish, except the blue and yellow parts of the head as described for the preceding stage, the pectus (which remains yellow, although the metasternal streaks near the latero-ventral carinz are elongated anteriorly and unite with the black line filling the mid-ventral groove), the dorsum of abdominal segments 2-5, which show a metallic-green reflection throughout, the ventral margins of the tergites of 1-7 which are yellow, most of the inferior CALVERT: ODONATA OF THE NEOTROPICAL REGION. 95 surfaces of the femora and the superior surfaces of the tibize, which re- main pale blue or yellow ; some pruinosity on the prothorax, inferior parts of the mesepimeron and metapleuron, and on abdominal seg- ments, 1, 8-10; the metallic-green mesepisternal and mesepimeral stripes are faintly visible amidst the surrounding black. Pterostigma almost black. In all the above stages, the pterostigma surmounts two cells, its distal side is less oblique than the proximal ; 8-10 postnodals on the front wings, 8-9 on the hind. Abdomen 26.5—27 ; hind wing 17-18; costal edge of stigma, front wing, I.I mm. 2 unknown. flabitat.— CUBA: 1 3’, probably by Poey, collector’s number 424, with label ‘‘L. scalaris’’ in de Selys’ hand, the young stage above described ; 1 % by Gundlach, 1866, the older stage described, type of the species. Museum of Comparative Zodlogy. Porto Rico: Mayaguez, by O. W. Barrett, January, 1 Ito—11 (12-13) postnodals on the front wings, 10 (12) on the hind. In both females the blackish mesepisternal stripe — the ‘‘ raie noire is strictly mesepimeral and in the female, as in the male, is 102 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. ’ presque contre la raie bleue juxta-humérale ’’ of the original descrip- tion — is of almost equal width at mid-height, .28 mm. in the type, .24 mm. in that from Chapada, and is situated at the same distance from the mid-dorsal carina, z. ¢.,.4 mm. at mid-height ; abdominal seg- ments 8-10 brown with a mid-dorsal longitudinal green (not ‘‘brune ’’) stripe ; the sides of 8 for the entire length of the segment and the middle two-fourths of the sides of 9, pale green. FTabitat. — Braziu: no definite locality, 1 %, 1 ¢ each with two labels in Hagen’s handwriting ‘‘ Brazil Fischer’’ and ‘‘L. picta.”’ Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, Cambridge. Presumed types. Chapada, by H. H. Smith, 1 &, collector’s number g. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. 26. Lestes tricolor Erichson. (PLATE Jj FIG:.0s ese smithiana. Smaller species (abd. 22.5 mm. or less, hind wing 15.5 mm. or less) ; abd. segs. 4-7 with the pale mid-dorsal color reduced to a line or ADSENE ...c0aee ase dee een saiucsese eee thisma. Rear of the head chiefly pale, abd. segs. 1-7 clear blue violet, 3-7 with a terminal black ring, abd. 26, hind wing 19-20 mm.: (From de Selys’ de- SCTIPUION )is 0.50000 veneers oeneds ana ee lilacina. ee. (not represented ). AA (not represented). 2. Thoracic dorsum brilliant metallic copper. G. Labrum chiefly metallic copper at least in its*basal half; apical half, or only its front edge, yellow; lower branch of the inferior ap- pendages less robust than the upper branch. H. (not represented). 7 HH. Abd. segs. 3-7 black on dorsum, basal half of 3-6 blue, 8-10 blue on GOrswM .ss..0e0. dues sieecisedaveeseoesiens see eee jocosa. HHH. Abd, segs. 3-6 blue on dorsum apical third to sixth black, 7 black with a basal blue ring, 8-10 blue on dorsum. cupraurea, GG, Labrum yellow or orange throughout; lower branch of inferior ap- pendages as robust as the upper branch, or more robust. J. (not represented). JJ. (modified). Abd. segs. 3-7 black on dorsum with a narrow trans- verse basal blue ring, 8-10 blue on dorsum ...........ov¢chalcea ?: . | CALVERT: ODONATA OF THE NEOTROPICAL REGION. 121 II. Total area of dark colors on abdominal segments 3-6 and thoracic dorsum “ess than the pale areas on the same parts. I. Dorsum of abd. seg. 7 chiefly black, rear of head chiefly black, postbasal black streaks on 3-6, 8 and 9g blue, with an inferior black stripe on each side. K. Inferior appendages longer than high at apex, deeply excised at tip. L. Black mid-dorsal thoracic stripe wider than the carina. Pale colors blue. tinctip nnis and chapade ( for their differences see under the latter, posted). Pree COIONS WVOIACEOUG ye, fe toctias 2s aciscbneeUebons deuce ccion sesicesees botacudo. LL. (not represented). KK. Inferior appendages higher at apex than long. Black mid-dorsal thoracic stripe wider than the carina ..... ......... tupt. Black mid-dorsal thoracic stripe reduced to a line upon the carina only, subapicalis. 2., 3., 4. (not represented). females, 21. Dorsum of abdominal segments 3—6 mostly black. - A. Dorsum of abd. segs. 8 and g pale with black markings. B, These markings consisting of two stripes occupying only the basal half (more or less) of 8 and 9. C. (not represented ). CC. These stripes more or less confluent with each other. CC. 1. Antenodal cells on the front wing 4. D. (not represented ). DD. Mesepisternal tubercles absent. DD. 1. Antenodal cells on the hind wing 4. Pale antehumeral stripe one-half as wide (or less) as the black mid-dorsal, no mid-dorsal blue stripe on abd. segs. 4-6, rear of head black..... sordida. Pale antehumeral stripe three-fourths as wide (or more) as the black mid-dorsal blue stripe present on the greater part of the length of 4-5 or 6, rear of head chiefly pale..........,fostert. DD 2. Antenodal cells on the hind wing 3. E. A pale mid-dorsal stripe on abd. segs. 3-5. Mesepimeral part of the humeral stripe black. Abd. seg. 10 black on dorsum with a pair of pale spots, mesepimeral branch of the black humeral stripe reaching to the upper margin of the sclerite...... oculata. Abd. seg. 10 blue, mesepimeral branch of the black humeral stripe not reaching to the upper margin of the sclerite. hasemant. 122 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Mesepimeral part of the forked humeral stripe pale brownish, abd. seg. 10 black. gerharat. EE. A pale mid-dorsal stripe on abd. seg. 3 only, or a mere line on 3-6. F, Abd. seg. 10 pale on dorsum. F. 1. Labrum largely or wholly black, me- sostigmal lamina erect and pro- jecting, mesepimeral branch of the black humeral stripe reaching to the upper margin of the sclerite. difficilis. F. 2. Labrum pale, mesostigmal lamina a carina forming the anterior margin of 4 grooves... itesee eee mollis. FF. Abd, seg. 10 black, labrum pale, mesep- imeral branch of the humeral stripe pale brown. Somegerhardi. (See above under E,) CC, 2. Antenodal cells on front and hind wings 3. Black of frons reaching down to nasus, mid-dorsal blue on 3 and: 4. aimere JUNE, 5. 5..J5.06.0.s000025 oe eee tinctipennis. Black of frons reaching only as far down as the level of the first antennal joint or not so far, mid-dorsal blue on 3 and 4 a stripe. Black humeral stripe of subuniform width, not forked, but enclosing a very small pale spot superiorly....dozacudo. Black humeral stripe widening considerably in its upper third, which is forked, humeral branch more than a Black humeral stripe widening in its upper third on half, which is forked; humeral branch hardly more than a TING... tog tsieels a tncaclelne doe se cae cPUee geen smithiana. BB. (not represented). BBB. These markings consisting of two stripes as long as 8 and nearly as long as 9. BBB. 1. Antenodal cells 5 on the front wing, 4 on the hind. G. Mesepisternal tubercles well-developed. H. Abd. seg. 10 pale with a pair of dark spots on the dorsum. translata. HH. Abd. seg. 10 pale, unspotted on dorsum. J. (not represented). JJ. Thoracic dorsum and usually the vertex, nasus, and labrum also, with a coppery-red reflection. cupraurea (and cuprea). GG. Mesepisternal tubercles absent. , CALVERT: ODONATA OF THE NEOTROPICAL REGION. 123 6. Mesepimeral black stripe reaching upward to or almost to the upper margin of the sclerite, dark colors on head and thorax with some metallic reflection. ortchalcea (and wnea). 66. (not represented). BBB. 2. Antenodal cells 4 on both front and hind wings ; inner edge of mesostigmal lamina continued caudad as a flattened nde strean on mead ehietly pale...) 2.052% scterssene eevee tralat. BBB. 3. Antenodal cells more often 3 on all the wings. Black humeral stripe not interrupted or forked, abd. segs. 3 end ave CLUE” VEOIACCOUS ac fa. cs. onccucesecccenavecdecdesesers botacudo. Black humeral stripe interrupted, a shorter part on the upper end of the humeral suture, a longer and diverging mesepimeral part, 3-4 chiefly black dorsally with a pale median line Some reclusa will fall here. (See also below.) AA. Dorsum of abd. seg. 8 chiefly black, of 9 as in B or BBB, a pale mid- dorsal, line on 3-6. AA, 1, Abd. seg. 10 pale on dorsum, no mesepisternal tubercles...vec/usa. AA. 2. Abd. seg. 10 chiefly black on dorsum, mesepisternal tubercles PINS We eeste etcee erste inte cic iotstainya o iavase wer ale ascieis) vivlela’Siy eis G' als oleysiais'bis siessiawwis translata. § II. (not represented. ) 4r. Argia translata Hagen. Salyer. biol, Centr.-Amer. Neurop., pp. 76, 361, pl. IV, figs. 18, 30, 30 s. 1902, 1907. CoLompia: Bonda, in Dept. Magdalena, July, 1 2, August, 6 c ij oeptember, 1 Go 1 Y, October, 1 o', November, 1 &.. H.. H. Smith. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. Three of these females (August, September, November) have the nasus chiefly or wholly black, the fourth (July) has it black posteri- orly ; all four have a perpendicular black line connecting the black of frons and of nasus. 42. Argia reclusa. (PrAre IV) rie, 66;) Argia rec/usa Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xx, p. 395, 1865. Hagen and Calvert, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., xxxix, p. 114, pl. 2, figs. 20a, 206 ( f apps.), 1902. 3. In most of the examples from Chapada and in that from Sapu- cay, the black of the frons extends between the antenne broadly down to the nasus; in six specimens from Chapada and the two from Sete Lagoas the black is constricted for a shorter or longer distance toa perpendicular median line, but widens again at the fronto-nasal suture ; the longer the constriction the less black on the anterior surface of the first antennal joint, which joint is entirely black in those speci- 124 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. mens in which the black is not constricted but extends broadly down to the nasus. Almost the whole nasus and labrum blue. Prothorax with a round blue spot on each side of the dorsum of the middle lobe, and each lateral end of the hind lobe is blue. ‘The pale (blue) ante- humeral stripe was described by de Selys as not reaching to the upper margin of the sclerite, but it does reach there in all the present mate- rial ; its upper end is decidedly narrower and has in some specimens almost entirely faded out, and the Selysian type may have been just such an example; at mid-height the pale antehumeral stripe is from two-fifths to one-fourth as wide as the black mid-dorsal. Much varia- tion exists in the black humeral stripe, even in those males from Cha- pada which have not the black of the frons constricted ; the humeral stripe varying from a condition in which it is as wide as the pale ante- humeral at mid-height and is of subuniform width almost to the upper end of the mesepimeron, through conditions in which it is narrower and forked in the upper part of its extent, the humeral branch reach- ing the upper end of its suture, the mesepimeral branch falling far short of the upper margin of its sclerite, to those where the stripe is broken into two separated parts, a shorter on the upper end of the humeral suture, a longer diverging from the lower part of that suture and running upward on the mesepimeron to about two-thirds, or less, of the height of that sclerite, tapering upward to an acute point. The black stripe on the second lateral thoracic suture is often sharply de- fined. Abdominal segments 4—6 may havea fine pale mid-dorsal line ; 8—-1o have an inferior black stripe on each side as long as the segments. 2 (not hitherto described). Differs from the male as follows: In only one specimen does the black of the frons extend broadly down between the antennez to the nasus ; in all others it is more or less con- stricted or, in four out of twenty-five heads from Chapada, the black of the frons is separated from the black line on the fronto-nasal suture by pale ochre, which color generally replaces the blue of the male on head and thorax. Inall the present material the black humeral stripe is in the last of the conditions described above for the male, z. e., broken into a shorter upper humeral portion and a longer lower mese- pimeral portion, the latter reaching upward to from three-fifths to five-sixths of the height of the sclerite, but never attaining the site of the first lateral thoracic suture, nor curving backward at its upper end ; black line on the second lateral thoracic suture of variable length. CALVERT: ODONATA OF THE NEOTROPICAL REGION. 125 The dorsal violet spot of abdominal segment 2, which at its widest in the male is more than half as wide as the segment, is here reduced to a stripe never more than one-third as wide as the segment and often still narrower. ‘The dorsal surface of abdominal segment 8 is black for its entire length in most of the ten specimens in which this segment is present, this solid black dorsum evidently due, as some examples show, to a fusion of two longitudinal stripes along the mid-dorsal line, each dorsal stripe also fusing for a variable part of its length from the an- terior end backward with the adjoining inferior lateral black stripe present also in the male; each dorsal black stripe is occasionally broken into a stripe followed by a black spot at the hind end of the segment. Abdominal segment g has a pair of dorsal black spots or short stripes extending from the anterior end to one-half or three-fifths of the length of the segment, confluent with each other only at the extreme base, but each one confluent to a greater extent with the ad- joining inferior lateral black stripe, which latter usually, but not always, reaches to the hind end of the segment; 10 pale (blue?) with no black markings. In the male the inferior lateral margin of the abdom- inal segments is pale yellowish or bluish, except at the hind end of each segment, there being no black lines or stripes on 1—7 distinct from the dorsal black ; the females agree, although the inferior lateral pale color is rather wider. In both sexes an interrupted pale transverse occipital line may, or may not, exist between the right and left postocular spots. Dimensions: Abdomen % 26-28 (Chapada), 28-29 (Sete Lagoas), 30.5 (Sapucay), 2 25.5-28 (Chapada); hind wing o 18-20 (Cha- pada), 20.5-21 (Sete Lagoas), 21.5 (Sapucay), 2 19.5—21.5 (Cha- pada) mm. flaiitat: Brazit, Chapada, by H. H. Smith, 15 <’ and parts of 20 others, some numbered 48, 83, 110, 110a and 112, 8 @ and parts of 21 others, some numbered 47 and 111, some dated May ; Sete Lagoas, Minas Geraes, by J. D. Haseman, May 6, 1908, 2. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. PARAGUAY, Sapucay, by W. T. Foster, January 16, 1903, I S num- bered 33 (others numbered 33 belong to 4. foster? and A. thisma). United States National Museum. The variations in the form of the black humeral stripe of 4. rec/usa resemble some of the conditions found in 4. mollis. This is especially true of the females, and, although four antenodal cells are more fre- 126 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. quently found on the front wing of szo//s and three on that of veclusa, yet not rarely individuals of the one species possess this character of the other. The following appear to be more constant features sepa- rating the females: vec/uwsa female has a small but distinctly developed mesostigmal lamina (see pl. IV, fig. 66) which is distinctly visible as a projection when the thorax is examined from the side in profile view (the homolog of the lamina, see page 135, in mo//s not visibly projecting), no black marks on the nasus other than at the fronto-nasal suture, the dorsal black stripes on abdominal segment 8 usually reach- ing the whole length of the segment. Compare also the descriptions of the black humeral stripe in mo//zs and reclusa females. 43. Argia sordida. Argia sordida Hagen, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xx, p. 387, 1865. Hagen & Calvert, Bull. Mus~Comp. Zodl., xxxix, p. 114, pl. 1, fig. 20 (labium)j pla iigenues 3a (appendages ¢ ), 23 (mesostigmal laminz 9° ), 1902. The only existing description of the colors of this species — the original one of 1865 — jis comparative only and so brief as to give little information, wherefore the following, based in part on some of Hagen’s cotypes. 3’. Rear of the head black. Pale antehumeral stripe three-fifths as wide as the black mid-dorsal. Black humeral stripe not forked above, gradually widening from above downward ; at mid-height one third to one fourth as wide as the pale antehumeral. A short black mark at the upper end only of the second lateral thoracic suture. Abdominal segment 2 violet, with a black stripe on each side from anterior to pos- terior end, which stripe just before the latter end widens, so as to approach closely, but not meet, its fellow of the opposite side on the dorsum ; 3-7 black, with a transverse basal biue-violet ring prolonged on 3 asa mid-dorsal stripe tapering posteriorly to four-fifths of the segment, prolonged on 4 similarly to one-fourth of the segment, while on 7 the ring is mid-dorsally interrupted with black; 8-10 dorsally pale brown in the dried specimens (blue? in life), their sides black from end to end, the black more extensive at the hind end, especially on 8, where it approaches that of the opposite side on the dorsum, finally meeting it at the extreme hind end of the segment or in the hindmost sixth; or on ro the black may so invade the dorsum as to leave only two small pale spots thereon. Compared with Hagen’s figures cited above, the inferior appendages seen in profile CALVERT: ODONATA OF THE NEOTROPICAL REGION. y Pate are less deeply bilobed at the apex than shown in his figure 3a, with the result that the lower lobe or branch is less acute. The male from Sao Sebastido has the blue-violet mid-dorsal stripe on 3 reaching to only two-fifths of the segment and no mid-dorsal stripe on 4, but otherwise it seems like the others. 2. Differs from the male as follows: A pale stripe bordering the eyes posteriorly. Pale anthumeral stripe nearly half (or two-fifths in one Rio Janeiro 2) as wide as the black mid-dorsal at mid-height, the black humeral stripe half to nearly as wide as the pale antehumeral at the same level. Black lateral stripes of abdominal segment 2 meeting on the dorsum in the first, sixth, and eighth eighths of the segment’s length, so that the blue on the dorsum is limited to an elliptical spot reaching from the second to the fifth eighth inclusive, and a smaller isolated spot or dot in the seventh eighth. ‘Transverse basal blue ring on 3-7 mid-dorsally interrupted with black ; blue mid-dorsal longitudi- nal stripe on 3 reaching back to two-thirds or three-fourths of the seg- ment’s length, but not confluent with the transverse basal blue ring ; no mid-dorsal blue stripe on 4. 8—10 predominantly black, pale brown (blue ? in life) forming a posterior dorsal border to 8 and 9 the anterior margin of which is straight on g, but trilobed on 8, the middle lobe tapering forward to nearly the basal fourth of the segment, or trilobed on both 8 and g, the middle lobe soon becoming a mere line prolonged forward mid-dorsally, or this middle lobe prolonged forward as a wider stripe almost to the base of g and to the basal fourth of 8 ; dorsum of 10 may be chiefly pale or wholly black. Mesepisternal tubercles cannot be said to be present in this species; only a very low con- vexity occupies the site of each. ‘Three Nova Friburgo females have longer abdomens (31 mm.), two of the Rio de Janeiro examples have shorter hind wings (24 mm.) than the previously published dimensions admit. All the wings of all the specimens listed below have four antenodal cells distal to the quadrilateral (except 5 in one front wing of 1 Rio de Janeiro 2) and in all the pterostigma surmounts more than one cell — rarely as much as two cells. Flabitat: Brazit, Nova Friburgo in Rio by Beschke, cotypes of leeen, 4 G 2. Musetm of Comparative Zodlogy 1c 2 Q. Collection of P. P. Calvert, ex coll. P. R. Uhler. Rio de Janeiro, in November and December, by H. H. Smith, 1 2 and parts of 2 others. Carnegie Museum. 128 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Sao Sebastido in 1900 by A. Hempel, 1 co. Academy of Natural Sciences. The original description states that this species is ‘‘ Presque sembable al’A. Claussenit,’’ after which remark some differences from clausseniit are given, without any mention of the abdomen. The abdomen of c/aus- seniz 1s described as blue, ‘‘ Les segments 2e—-8e terminés et bordés latéralement de noir. Cette couleur occupant plus d’espace sur les derniers.’’ One might, therefore, have expected a larger area of blue on the abdomen of sorvdida than examination of the cotypes described above proves to be actually the case. 44. Argia fosteri sp. nov. (PLATE IV, Fics. 58, 69, 69s.) co. Rear of the head chiefly pale, with distinctly less or almost as much black around the occipital foramen. Pale (blue) antehumeral stripe half to three-fifths as wide as the black mid-dorsal. Black hu- meral stripe forked in its upper half or third, both branches of the fork reaching to the upper margin of the sclerite ; below the fork the humeral stripe is a little wider than the pale antehumeral. A brown line on the whole length of the second lateral thoracic suture except at the upper end which is black. Abdominal segment 2 blue, with a black stripe on each side from end to end, widened mesad at four-fifths of the segment’s length toward, but not meeting, its fellow of the op- posite side, the mid-dorsal blue on the anterior part of the segment being half as wide as the segment, or the right and left black stripes may fuse on the dorsum for the hindmost third of the segment and the mid-dorsal blue on the anterior two-thirds is reduced in width ; often from the inferior edge of each lateral black stripe there extends back- ward (caudad) an oblique fork or branch toward or to the inferior margin of the segment at about two-thirds of its length. Abdominal segments 3—7 black, with a transverse basal blue ring which on 3-5 or 6 is produced, tapering backward, as a mid-dorsal stripe reaching to two-thirds or one-half of 3, one-fourth to two-fifths of 4, and one- fifth of 5 and 6; the inferior lateral margins of 3-7 narrowly blue, except in the hindmost fourth to sixth of each segment; 8-10 blue, with an inferior black stripe on each side as long as the segments, or not occupying the most anterior third of 8; in some a pair of poste- rior dorsal black spots on 8. CALVERT: ODONATA OF THE NEOTROPICAL REGION. 129 Wings yellowish throughout; stigma with the distal side more oblique than the proximal. S (tmmature). Differs from the preceding description in having very little dark color on the rear of the head, excepting the transverse blackish stripe, which bounds the pale postocular spots posteriorly ; only the upper end of the humeral branch of the humeral fork is indi- cated by a brownish spot ; abdominal segment 2 marked as in the first case above described, no oblique branch from the lateral black stripe ; the black markings of the adult are generally bronze-green. 2. Differs from the male as follows: Rear of the head as described for the immature male; pale (blue) antehumeral stripe at mid-height three-fourths as wide to nearly as wide as the black mid-dorsal ; black humeral stripe below the fork subequally wide to two-thirds as wide as the pale antehumeral ; abdominal segment 2 marked as in the second case described above for the male, no inferior oblique branch from the lateral black stripe, although in some specimens an isolated round brown spot appears to represent it ; transverse basal blue ring on 3—7 much narrower, mid-dorsally interrupted with black in some specimens, a narrow blue mid-dorsal stripeon 3-5 or 6, extending from the transverse basal pale ring (or from just behind it, when it is interrupted) to two- thirds or three-fourths of the length of each segment ; 8-9 marked as in the male, but having in addition a pair of longitudinal dorsal black stripes, extending from the base tothree-fifths or two-thirds of the length of each segment, the two on 8 united on the mid-dorsal line from base backward (caudad) for a varying distance, while on g they are con- nected only by a fine transverse line at the extreme base; the hind ends of these black stripes narrower, rounded ; in some specimens a black line on the transverse posterior row of spines of one or both of 8 and g; to blue, with no black markings even on the sides. d >. Stigma of front wings surmounting more than one (45 per Ste 50 per cent. 2), one (40 per cent. co’, 50 per cent. 9) or less than one (15 per cent. <) cell; of the hind wings surmounting Se (00 per cent. ¢’, 37.5 per cent. 2) or more than one (4o per Sete 12.5 per cent. 2) cell. Antenodal cells on the front wings 4 (55 per cent. o', 62.5 per Sent. +), 5 (35 per cent. co’, 37.5 percent. 2), or 4 + (10 percent. o); on the hind wings 4 (80 per cent. <’, 100 percent. 2), 3 (15 per cent. 0’) or 4+ (5 percent. o'). These percentages based on m0, 4-2. 130 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Dimensions : Abdomen o 28.5-30, & 27-29; hind wing co 22- 23.5, £ 23-25 mm. Flabitat: Paracuay, Sapucay, by W. T. Foster; November, 1899, 5 do 12 (collector’s number 15), 1 & 3 9 (collector's numpenne this number is attached also to 2 & of another species); January 11 and 16, 1903, 4 cd’ (collector’s number 33, which is attached also to a male of Arvgza thisma and a male of A. reclusa). U.S. National Museum. 45. Argia gerhardi sp. nov. (PLATE IV, FIGS. 60, 70, 70s.) co’. Rear of the head black, a narrow pale stripe along each eye margin; black of the frons not reaching as far down as the bases of the antennee, the first joint of which is pale anteriorly. Pale (violet) antehumeral stripe half as wide as the black mid-dorsal which latter often has a dark green reflection. A dark line on the entire length, or on only the upper part of the humeral suture, in the former case wider at its upper end; from the lower end of the suture extends up- ward a pale brownish mesepimeral stripe having some bronzy-green reflection and which diverges from the suture, ending a little below the upper margin of the sclerite and a little anterior to a short black line usually present on the upper end of the obsolete first lateral suture, or this pale brown stripe may be wider and border the humeral suture for its whole length, reaching the upper margin of the mesepimeron and back to the obsolete first Jateral suture and at mid-height may equal in width the pale antehumeral. Second lateral thoracic suture witha stripe for its entire length, brownish below, blackish above, on the stripe almost obsolete except at the upper end. Abdominal segment 2 blue dorsally, each side with a longitudinal black stripe reaching from base to five-sixths of the segment’s length, widening mesad to its hind end, but not meeting its fellow of the opposite side, sometimes broken into a stripe and a spot; dorsal blue between these two stripes at its widest two- thirds as wide as the segment ; side below the black stripe pale, yellow- ish, unmarked. Segments 3-7 black, with a narrow transverse basal pale ring, which on 3-5 is confluent with a mid-dorsal violet or blue stripe, tapering posteriorly, reaching to five-sixths or the whole length of 3, to half or five-sixths of 4, to two-fifths or not beyond the basal ring of 5, or 5 and 6 may have a fine pale mid-dorsal line on the greater part of their length ; sides of 3-6 inferiorly pale, except in the hindmost CALVERT: ODONATA OF THE NEOTROPICAL REGION. 131 sixth. Segments 8 and g blue, with an inferior black stripe on each side as long as the segments, or interrupted on 8; ro black. 2. Differs from the male as follows: a short pale line on each side of the vertex of the male, between lateral ocellus and adjoining an- tenna, is enlarged in young, but not in older females, into a spot, which in the young may, or may not, be confluent with the spot of the opposite side ; black of the frons incised on each side of the median ocellus in the younger ; but not in the older specimens ; black mid-dorsal thoracic stripe in some without any green reflection ; humeral line and mese- pimeral stripe paler and indistinct, no black line on the upper end of the obsolete first lateral thoracic suture in younger females ; second lateral suture with a short black line on its upper part only; dorsal blue of abdominal segment 2 reduced to a narrow stripe as long as the segment, lateral black stripe wider and reaching the entire length of the segment ; blue mid-dorsal stripe on 3 and 4 as long as in the male, but narrower, even reduced to a linein some; 5 and 6 witha fine pale mid-dorsal line; 8 and 9 have in addition to the inferior lateral black stripe on the male a dorsal black spot occupying the first two- fifths to three-fourths of 8, half to two-thirds of 9, divided at its hind end (.°. = two fused longitudinal stripes) and confluent on each side at base with the inferior lateral black stripe; in some a small apical dorsal black spot on g, with which in three specimens the basal black is united, thus forming a complete mid-dorsal black stripe narrowing posteriorly ; some pale spots on ro in younger females. 3'2. Wings pale yellowish or pale brownish. Stigma of the front wings surmounting more than one (63 per cent. c’, 86 per cent. 2), Mewes per cent: ¢, 10 per cent..2) or less than one (3.3 per cent. J) cell. Stigma of the hind wings surmounting more than mugs epercent. %, oo per cent. 2); one (23 per.cent..c', 10 per lian jot less than (3.3 per cent. d') ‘cell. Antenodal cells on the front wings 4 (93 per cent. oc’, 83 per cent. ume etoper cent. ©), 2--)(3%3 per cent. 5 2), 4.+.(3.3,per cent. ¢') or 5 (3.3 per cent. 2); on the hind wings 3 (86 per cent. S', Ioo per cent. 2) or 3 + (14 percent. o). All the percentages Based one15 o, 15 °. Dimensions: Abdomen of 25-29.5; hind wing c' 20-22; @ 21- 24 mm. = Habitat : Boutvia, Chulumani by W. J. Gerhard, November 30, 1898 — January 7, 1899, 28 &' 18 ; Road to Coroico, Yungas, by 132 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. the same, April 7, 1899, 2.¢' 1 9, April 8,1 2, and Apne eam 1 3%. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 45a. Argia gerhardi nigrior subsp. nov. ¢. Differing from the typical gerhard7 in that on the lowest fit of the mesipimeron is a black spot as wide as the pale antehumeral stripe and continued in subequal width upon the mesinfraepisternum ; nearly all the remainder of the mesipimeron is pale brown with less bronzy-green reflection than in gerhardi type; the black stripe on each side of abdominal segment 2 reaches to the hind end of the seg- ment by a narrow prolongation of its lateral edge. These differences appear to be indicated in teneral examples also. | Stigma of the front wings surmounting more than one (60 per cent. ), one (33:3-per cent.) or less than one (6.7 per cent: ) cell fen tne ame wings surmounting more than one (97 per cent.) or less than one (3) 2 pericent.) cell: Antenodal cells on the front wings 4 (93 per cent.), 3 + (3.3 per cent.) or 3 (3.3 per cent.); on the hind wings 3 (97 pen Gene ees 3 + (3.3 per cent.). Percentages based on 15 <’. ?. The single female which can be referred here differs from the same sex of typical gerhardi by having the ninth abdominal segment entirely black ; it does not possess the black mesepimeral spot of the male. Dimensions: Abdomen o 26-29, 2 27; hind wing oO 19-21, 9 21 comima, flabitat : BOLtiviA, near Coroico, Yungas, by W. J. Gerhard, April IIT, 1899, 6 G', May 9; 1 2; road to Coroico, April 19) 4G awe miles northeast of Coroico, by the same, May 20, 1899, 9 &, May 24, 1 0’. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. That xzgvior is a geographical, not a seasonal, form of gerhardi is evidenced by the facts that typical gerharai and nigrior were taken at nearly the same time, and that the peculiar markings of mzgrior are indicated in teneral (immature) individuals. 46. Argia kokama sp. nov. CEEADEVLV RIGS o71,,°7 05.) 3. Black of the frons reaching down between the bases of the antenne as a moderately wide band to the nasus. Rear of the head black, a very narrow pale stripe bordering the eye-margins inferiorly. CALVERT: ODONATA OF THE NEOTROPICAL REGION. Arye Pale (violet) antehumeral stripe three-fifths as wide as the black mid-dorsal. Black humeral stripe of subuniform width, as wide as the pale antehumeral, not forked. A blackish-brown stripe three-fourths as wide as the black humeral on the entire length of the second lateral thoracic suture. Dorsum of abdominal segment 2 violet occupying two-thirds of the width of the segment, bounded on each side by a black stripe extend- ing the entire length of the segment and widened mesad at four fifths length, but not meeting its fellow of the opposite side, subsequently narrowed in the hindmost fifth; this black stripe appears to be due to a fusion of two narrower parallel stripes, one superior, one inferior, probably more or less separated from each other in earlier stages ; inferior lateral margin of the tergite of 2 pale for its entire length. Dorsum of 3 and 4 predominantly violet, a longitudinal black stripe on each side meeting its fellow of the opposite side in the hindmost sixth of the dorsum ; 5-7 black, with a narrow transverse basal pale ring ; 8—g blue, with a black stripe on each side as long as the seg- ments ; ro black. Wings faintly obscure yellowish, stigma surmounting slightly more than one cell on all. Front wings with four antenodal cells, hind wings with three. Abdomen 23.5, hind wing 16.5 mm. 2 unknown. Habitat: PERuU, Iquitos, Staudinger, 1 c’. Museum of Compara- tive Zodlogy, Cambridge, Mass. The specific name proposed is that of a human tribe of the vicinity. The type specimen is pruinose on the sides of the prothorax, mese- pimeron and metepimeron before and behind the brown stripe of the second lateral suture, pectus, coxz, some of the sclerites of the inter- alar dorsal area, and parts of the dorsum and sides of the first abdomi- nal segment. } 47. Argia oculata Hagen. Argia oculata Calvert, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Neurop., pp. 81, 367; pl. iv, figs. 11, 36, 36s, 362-22. 1902, 1907. Purely for convenience the present material is grouped into two lots: a. Northern South America. CoLomsiA, Cacagualito, in Dept. Magdalena, by H. H. Smith, 1 cS. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. VENEZUELA, La Guaira, by Lyon and Robinson, July 3, 1900, 3 o'; San Julian, by M. W. Lyon, Jr., July 20, 1g00, 2 . 134. ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 6. Southwestern Brazil. The following notes apply only to the Brazilian specimens. 3. Differs from the northern, typical ocuw/ata Hagen chiefly in its smaller size (see below). Blue spots on the dorsum of the middle prothoracic lobe sometimes absent. Blue antehumeral stripe two-fifths to one-half as wide as the black mid-dorsal at mid-height. Black humeral stripe very slightly wider at its two ends, occupying nearly all of the mesepimeron, at mid-height 14 times to equally as wide as the blue antehumeral, not forked but enclosing a very small blue spot at its upper end, or forked in the upper third or less as in typical ocw/ata, or in one example in the upper half, the humeral branch of the fork being a mere line except at its upper end, both branches reaching to the upper margin of the sclerite. A black stripe on the whole length of the second lateral thoracic suture, or occasion- ally obsolete, except at the upper end. The width of the dorsal blue on the anterior part of abdominal segment 2 is 4 to 2 of that of the segment; the mid-dorsal blue tapering posteriorly on 3-6 reaches from the base backward to three-fourths or four-fifths of the length of 3, two-thirds to four-fifths of 4, one-third to two-thirds of 5, one- tenth to one-half of 6. Stigma of the front wings surmounting more than one (55 per cent.) or one (45 per cent.) cell, of the hind wings surmounting one (60 per cent.) or more than one (40 per cent.) © cell. Antenodal cells on the front wing 4 (80 per cent.) or 3 (20 per cent.), on the hind wings 3 (95 per cent.) or 4 (§ per cent.). Percentages based on Io <’. Abdomen 27-—29.5 mm.; hind wing 18-21.5-mm. 2°. Of the females which have been labeled by the collector with the same numbers as the males, or which appear to be conspecific, none have more than the first six of the abdominal segments, some still less. The mesostigmal laminze are very similar or identical with that figured “ for ocudata ° and resemble less the corresponding figures for A. difficilis® and A. adamsi §. In all the labrum is either bordered and medially crossed with black, or is wholly black ; there is more or less black on the nasus, and the black of the frons reaches down between 13 Tn oculata from Mexico, etc., the humeral stripe is often forked in its upper third or less, although I have spoken of it as ‘‘not forked’’ in the ‘* Biol. Centr.-Amer. Neur.,’’ p. 81. ‘This is one of the cases referred to, azfea, pp. 117-118, where | think it desirable to enlarge the meaning of the word ‘‘ forked ’’ used in this connection. 14 Biol. Centr.-Amer. Neur. tab. 4, fig. 11. i 7. ce tab. 4, fgets. $2. ic tab; To; fig 5. CALVERT: ODONATA OF THE NEOTROPICAL REGION. 135 the antennz to the nasus in the form of a median perpendicular line, or of a wider stripe ; in all cases where the segments are present, 3—5 have the mid-dorsal blue s¢vzfe (not line) reaching to at least half of the length of each segment, and 6 has a blue line reaching to one-fourth length. The length of the hind wing varies from 19.5 to 23 mm. Flavita? : Brazit, Ch pada, by H. H. Smith, 3 and parts of 10 others, some numbered 186, 187; parts of 8 ¢, some numbered 186, 186a, 1864. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. 48. Argia mollis. (RIATE LV, FIG: OF.) Argia mollis Hagen in Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xx, p. 398. 1865. Hagen & Calvert, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl. xxxix, p. 112, pl. 1, figs. 14, 14a. 1902. co. The males referable to the above-quoted description and figure show the following slight differences from the former: prothorax often with a pair of dorsal blue spots on the middle lobe, a black stripe on the entire length of the second lateral thoracic suture, the dorsal oval violet spot reaches the hind end of abdominal segment 2, 3 has a narrow mid-dorsal violet stripe, tapering posteriorly, for more than the anterior half of the segment ; abdomen 27~29, hind wing 20-21 mm. The following details may also be added: Black of the frons ap- parently extending down between the antennz to the nasus, but its outlines in the present material are often difficult to trace ; 8-1o have an inferior black stripe on each side as long as the segments; antenodal cells on the front wings usually four, on the hind three. There is much variation in the black humeral stripe from the con- dition (a) where it is, at mid-height, one-and-one-half times as wide as the pale antehumeral, wider at both ends, its width at the upper end extending from the humeral suture to the obsolete first lateral and enclosing a small pale spot; through (2), where at mid-height it is only half as wide as the pale antehumeral and is forked for its upper half or less, the mesepimeral branch reaching up only seven-eighths of the way to the upper margin of the sclerite and curved toward, but stopping short, of the obsolete first lateral suture (on the upper end of which latter is a short isolated black line), the humeral branch a line except at its upper end where it reaches the upper margin of the sclerite ; to (c), where the mesepimeral branch reaches up only three-fourths of the way to the upper margin of the sclerite and is not all curved toward 136 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. the obsolete first lateral suture. Condition (@) would appear to be that nearest the typical smo//s, judging from the expression ‘‘ Thorax noir en avant jusque vers la Ire suture latérale.’’ One male of condi- tion (c) has a black stripe on the upper end only of the second lateral thoracic suture and the dorsal violet of abdominal segment 2 ap- parently not reaching to the hind end of the segment, thus approach- ing the type in these two respects. 2. The female of this species has not been described. Females labeled by the collector with the same numbers as the preceding males differ from them as follows: Black of the frons extending broadly down between the antennz, but abruptly contracted to a narrow median ‘‘ isthmus ’’ before again widening at the fronto-nasal suture ; nasus with a pair of small black marks; pale antehumeral stripe at mid-height half to two-fifths as wide as the black mid-dorsal (2. e. a little wider than in the <'); black humeral stripe at mid-height half to equally as wide as the pale antehumeral, forked in its upper fifth or more, mesepimeral branch wider, curved toward the upper end of the obsolete first lateral thoracic suture to which it may or may not reach, humeral branch wider at its upper end which reaches the upper end of the suture, a mere line or even obsolete when the forking is deep, in the latter case of course isolated from the mes- epimeral branch; a pale mid-dorsal line on the greater part of 3-5 ; 8 and g in addition to the inferior lateral black stripe have each a pair of dorsal stripes reaching from the base to one-half or two-thirds of 8 or one-half of 9, each fused for the greater part of its length with the adjacent lateral stripe, but with its fellow dorsal at the extreme base only. Each feebly developed mesostigmal lamina appears to form the anterior boundary of a slight obliquely transverse groove, which is bounded posteriorly by a still lower carina, carina and lamina united laterad, slightly divergent mesad, so that the groove is closed laterad but open mesad. Abdomen 25-29, hind wing 21-22.5 mm. fTabitat :—BRraziL, Chapada, by H. H. Smith, 15 o’ and parts of 12 (?) others, some number 164a, 123 or 128, some dated May; 13 2 and parts of 14 others, some numbered 1644. Sete Lagoas, Minas Geraes, May 3, 1908, by J. D. Haseman, 1 %. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. CALVERT: ODONATA OF THE NEOTROPICAL REGION. Lear 49. Argia difficilis Selys. Argia difficilis Calvert, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Neurop., pp. 84, 369, pls. iv, fig. 15, Mies, 42, 425, x, 4, 4s.. 1902, 1907. Habitat : Cotomstis, Bonda in Dept. Magdalena, June, 1 2, August, 12, by H. H. Smith. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. For some comparative notes on this species, see under the following. 50. Argia hasemani sp. nov. PELATE UV, BIGS. 50, 72, 725.) 3. Rear of the head black, a narrow pale stripe along each eye- margin ; labrum, nasus, and lower part of frons pale (violaceous ?). Pale (violet) antehumeral stripe half as wide as the black mid-dorsal. Black -humeral stripe at mid-height subequal in width to the pale ante- humeral, forked at its upper end, the mesepimeral branch not reach- ing, the humeral branch reaching, to the upper margin of the sclerite ; a short black line at the upper end of the second lateral thoracic suture, Abdominal segment 2 violet above, a black stripe on each side from end to end of the segment, approaching, but not meeting, its fellow of the opposite side on the dorsum just before the hind end, violet of the anterior part of the segment one-half to two-thirds as wide as the seg- ment itself ; 3-7 black, with a narrow transverse basal pale ring, which on 3 is prolonged backward as a narrow violet stripe tapering poste- riorly to two-thirds of the segment’s length; a fine pale mid-dorsal line on the greater part of the length of 4 and 5, the inferior lateral margin of 2-7 pale, more narrowly so at the hind ends of 3-7; 8-10 blue, with an inferior black stripe on each side as long as the segments, in addition to which one male, but not the other, has an anteriorly bilobed black dorsal spot on the posterior half of 8. 2. Differs from the male as follows: pale predominating (in 2 2) on the rear of the head, owing to the widening of the pale stripes along the eye-margins; pale antehumeral stripe one-half to three-fifths as wide as the black mid-dorsal ; black humeral stripe three-fifths to two- thirds as wide as the pale antehumeral, shaped as in the male, or (in 1 2) forked in its upper half, with the humeral branch a mere line, except at its upper end, where it reaches the upper margin of the scler- ite, mesepimeral branch much wider, not reaching the upper margin of the sclerite ; pale mid-dorsal color on abdominal segment 2 not more than one-fourth to one-third as wide as the segment, pale mid- dorsal stripe on 3-5 reaching from the pale transverse basal ring to 138 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. four-fifths or five-sixths of the length of each segment, about one-fifth as wide as 3, and narrower on 4 and 5, tapering posteriorly only slightly at the hind end; inferior lateral black stripe absent from the first fourth of 8 and tending to disappear from the hindmost third of 9g; in addition 8 and g havea pair of dorsal black stripes, reaching from the base to two-thirds of 8 and half of 9, not confluent with the inferior lateral stripes, and connected with each other at the extreme anterior end of their respective segments, their hind ends narrower, rounded ; in one & 8 has a pair of black dorsal spots at the hind end of the segment in line with the two dorsal stripes, thus giving the latter the appearance of being interrupted; 10 entirely blue, its posterior dorsal margin deeply and narrowly cleft. 32. Stigma of all the wings surmounting more than one cell (100 percent. oY). Antenodal cells of the front wings 4 (75 per cent. o, 66.7 percent. 2) or g (25 per cent. oO, 33:3 pervcem as mame the hind wings 3 (100 per cent. ¢’, 66.7 per cent. 9) 4e{aosemmes cent. 2) of 3 + (16.6 percent. 2). Percentages. based om zie 4s Dimensions: abdomen o 26.5-28, & 25-27; hind wing o 19.5- 20.5, © 20-22 mm. Habitat : — Brazit, Fazenda de Amaratu, Bom Fim in the State of Bahia, November 20 and 21, 1907, by i: D. Haseman, 2 3 Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. The male of this species so closely resembles that of A. difficilis Selys that I should hesitate to propose a distinct name for it were it not that the females (if I have correctly associated them) show a number of differences from dfficzlis 2. Both sexes of A. hasemani differ from those of A. diffictlis in having the mesepimeral branch of the black humeral stripe zo¢ reaching to the upper margin of the sclerite and in having the inferior half of the sides of abdominal segment 2 pale, unmarked with black, while in a@fficz/s there is a second longitudinal black stripe on each side of 2 below the one which bounds the dorsal violet ; this second or inferior lateral black stripe may be entirely distinct from the superior stripe or united with it to a varying degree, so that in some (probably aged) individuals of afi- cilis the sides of 2 are even wholly black. ‘The males of hasemant further differ from those of dficz/s in that the inferior branch of the inferior abdominal appendages is much less acute. ‘The females of hasemant differ from those of dzficz/ts by their pale labrum, nasus, and 16 See Calvert, Biol. Centr.-Amer. eur. p. 360, ; : _ | CALVERT: ODONATA OF THE NEOTROPICAL REGION. 139 most of frons (there is a black line on the fronto-nasal suture), their distinctly wider mesostigmal lamina, and the greater extent of pale color on the sides of abdominal segments 3-7, for in dfficil’s 2 these segments have a second, or inferior, lateral black stripe, as on segment 2, and this may be more or less fused with the superior lateral, fusion being greater on the posterior segments and increasing with age. This inferior lateral black stripe is absent from hasemani °. 51. Argia tamoyo sp. nov. GPLATE TV. RIGS: 73,735.) 3’. Rear of the head black, a narrow pale stripe along each eye- margin. Pale (violet) antehumeral stripe at mid-height three-fifths as wide as the black mid-dorsal. Black humeral stripe at mid- height three-fourths as wide as the pale antehumeral, wider at both ends, upper fourth forked, both branches of the fork reaching to the upper margin of the sclerite, mesepimeral branch distinctly curv- ing backward (caudad) to reach the vestige of the first lateral thoracic suture. A narrow black stripe on the entire length of the second lateral thoracic suture. Dorsum of abdominal segment 2 violet, the width of the violet being about half that of the segment, bounded on each side by a black stripe as long as the segment, apparently meeting its fellow of the opposite side on the dorsum in the hindmost third of the segment ; 3—7 black, with a narrow transverse basal pale ring which on 3 is confluent with a mid-dorsal violet stripe, tapering posteriorly to about half the length of the segment ; 8-10 blue, with an inferior black stripe on each side as long as the segments, 8 also with a pair of dorsal spots on the posterior half of the segment, each spot tapering cephalad. Wings slightly smoky, stigma on the front and on the hind wing surmounting one cell. Antenodal cells 4 on all wings. Abdomen 29, hind wing 21.5 mm. Habitat : — Brazit, Chapada, by H. H. Smith, 1 oc’. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. The specific name proposed is that of a native human tribe. The single specimen (type) has lost all of the left hind wing and a large part of the left front. 140 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 52. Argia smithiana sp. nov. (PLATE IV, FIGS. 64, 74, 745.) 3S. Rear of head chiefly black, a fairly wide pale stripe along each eye-margin, its upper end prolonged mesad as a narrower stripe behind the black, which bounds the postocular spots posteriorly. Black of the frons not reaching as far down as the base of the antenne, first antennal joint pale anteriorly, a black line on the fronto-nasal suture, rhinarium dark. Pale (violet ) antehumeral stripe at mid-height one half as wide as the black mid-dorsal. Black humeral stripe of subuniform width, or a little wider at the two ends, at mid-height equal in width to, or one and one-fourth times as wide as the pale antehumeral, its upper third to two-fifths forked, both branches reach- ing the upper margin of the sclerite, humeral branch much narrower than the mesepimeral, which curves backward (caudad) to reach the upper end of the obsolete first lateral thoracic suture. A black line on the second lateral thoracic suture down to the metinfraepisternum. Dorsum of abdominal segment 2 violet, a black stripe on each side as long as the segment, widening mesad a little before the hind end of the segment, but not meeting its fellow of the opposite side on the dorsum, and again narrowing; dorsal violet at its widest about two- thirds (or three-fourths, young) as wide as the segment ; side of the segment below the above-mentioned black stripe pale, with an ill- defined longitudinal black stripe confluent at one or two points with the superior stripe and also at the hind end of the segment with a narrow black stripe, which margins the side of the segment inferiorly ; these last two stripes rudimentary in young individuals. Segments 3-7 black, a narrow pale (blue or violet) transverse basal ring, which on 3-4 or 6 is confluent with a mid-dorsal blue-violet stripe reaching to four-fifths or five-sixths of 3, half to three-fourths of 4, one eighth to one half of 5, one eighth of 6, or absent on 5 and 6, narrowing posteriorly ; in mature individuals the sides of 3-7 are entirely black, or with only a small trace of pale color at three-fourths’ length on 3-6, but younger individuals show that this black is due to a fusion of the wider superior black with an originally separate inferior black line extending from just behind the pale transverse basal ring to about two-thirds of each segment’s length ; 8-10 blue, with an inferior black stripe on each side as long as the segments. ®. Differs from the male as follows: A pair of indistinct dark spots on the nasus, pale antehumeral stripe blue in some, the forking of the CALVERT: ODONATA OF THE NEOTROPICAL REGION. 141 black humeral stripe may affect the upper half thereof; superior black stripe of abdominal segment 2 not narrowed at its hind end, except when the right and left stripes meet on the dorsal and separate the dorsal violet into a larger anterior and a smaller posterior spot, side or this segment chiefly yellowish, with only ashort oblique blackish streak at the hind end ; mid-dorsal blue on 5 and 6, very narrow, but reaching to four-fifths of 5, three-fifths of 6 ; inferior line on the sides of 3-7 in younger individuals very faint on 3-6, black, and not fused on 7, in older females black, and fused with the superior black at the hind end only of 3-5 or 6, or at both fronts and hind ends of 6 and 7, or forthe whole length on 7 ; 8 and g, in addition to the inferior black stripe on each side as in the male, have a pair of dorsal black stripes, pointed posteriorly, reaching from the anterior end of each segment to three- fifths of 8 and to one-half of 9, barely confluent with each other at the extreme base of 8 only, not confluent with the inferior stripes on 8 and barely so on 9g; 10 may have an inferior lateral black stripe as in the male, or only a small lateral spot, or no markings. SO. Stigma of the front wings surmounting more than one (75 per Sentea woo per cent: 2), one (15 per cent. co’, 20 per cent. 2), or less than one (10 percent. <) cell; of the hind wings surmounting more than one (90 per cent. <’, 80 per cent. £), or one (10 per cent. <, 20 per cent. 2 ) cell. Antenodal cells on the front wings 3 (go per cent. ’, 100 percent. ° ) or 3 + (10 per cent. \’) ; on the hind wings 3 (95 per cent. oc’, 100 Semeemi.) Or 2(5 percent. 4). Percentages based on 10 c,. 10 9. Dimensions. Abdomen <\ 25-28, & 22-26; hind wing 18,5- 20, 2 17.5-2I mm. Flabitat :— Brazit, Chapada, by H. H. Smith, 8 & and parts of 9g others, some dated May, some numbered 165, 118, 4 @ and parts of g others some numbered 165. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. 53. Argia thisma sp. nov. (PLATE IV, Fics. 75, 752; PLATE VIII, Fic. 144.) 3’. Rear of the head black, a pale stripe along each eye-margin. Pale (violet) antehumeral stripe one-half to one-third as wide as the black mid-dorsal. Black humeral stripe of subuniform width, one and a half to two times as wide as the pale antehumeral, forked only in its extreme upper end, both the humeral and the mesepimeral branch of the fork reaching to the upper margin of thesclerite. A black line or 142 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. narrow stripe on the entire length of the second lateral thoracic suture. Dorsum of abdominal segment 2 violet, bounded on each side by a black stripe, which reaches from end to end of the segment and is slightly widened at five-sixth’s length and again narrowed to its hind end; the mid-dorsal violet at its widest is one and a half to two times as wide as either lateral black stripe at the same level; below this black stripe each side of the segment is yellowish, or bluish, with an oblique blackish stripe running forward from the hind margin as far as the middle; 3 is chiefly violet in dorsal view, with a narrow black stripe on each side, beginning shortly behind the base and widening on the hindmost fourth or fifth to meet its fellow of the opposite side on the dorsum ; 4—7 black with some metallic reflection, each with a narrow transverse basal pale ring, which on 4 is continuous with a mid-dorsal longitudinal violet Jine or stripe reaching to two-thirds or less of the segment’s length ; 8 and g pale, violet or blue, with an inferior black stripe on each side as long as the segments ; 10 black, its hind edge narrowly pale, deeply emarginated mid-dorsally to half, or nearly half, the segment’s length, and produced backward over each superior appendage as an acute process. Inferior lateral margins of 3-6 or 7 pale yellow, or blue, except in the hindmost sixth of each segment. Stigma of the front wings surmounting less than one (78 per cent. ), one (11 per cent.) or more than one (11 per cent.) cell; of the hind wings surmounting less than one (72 per cent.) or one (28 per cent. ) cell ; on all the wings the distal edge is more oblique than the proximal, but more so on the hind pair. Antenodal cells on the front wings 3 (94.5 per cent.) or-2 (5.5 per cent. ); on the hind wings 3 (89 per cent.), 3 + (5.5 per cent. ), or 2 (5.5 percent... M, (= nodal sector of de Selys) arising on the front wings nearest the sixth (89 per cent.) or seventh (11 per cent.) postnodal ; on the hind wings nearest the fifth (89 per cent.), sixth (5.5 per cent.) or midway between these two (5.5 per cent.). (Percentages in these three sentences based on the 9 & from Chapada. ) 2 unknown. Dimensions. — 3. Abdomen 20-22.5; hind wing 14-15.5 mm. (That from Sapucay is larger: abd. 23, h. w. 17 mm.) Habitat : — Brazit, Chapada, by H. H. Smith, 8 and part of 1 other. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. Paracuay, Sapucay, by W. T. Foster January 16, 1903, 1 d'. U.S. National Museum. s. a = Me at age ie CALVERT: ODONATA OF THE NEOTROPICAL REGION. 13 The specific name proposed is an anagram from the name of the collector with a terminal a added for euphony. Argia thisma vies with A. dipunctulata Hagen of North America as the smallest known species of the genus. It closely approaches the description of 4. “dacina Selys, also of Brazil, which latter, however, is stated to have the abdomen & 26 mm., hind wing % 19-20 mm., rear of the head yellow, a yellowish lilac antehumeral band almost forked above, the black line on the second lateral thoracic suture in- complete, the first seven abdominal segments clear blue violet, 3-7 with a thick terminal black ring. In spite of its small size 4. ¢hisma preserves a character of the genus which on a priori grounds might have been expected to disappear, z. e., the origin of M, (nodal sector) is still as far distad as the sixth postnodal on the front wings and the fifth on the hind. Stated in another way, enough postnodals are retained to permit of the persis- tence of this numerical relation to the point of origin of M,. (Cf. Biologia Centr.-Amer., Neur., p. 376 under Arvgzallagma. ) 54. Argia jocosa Hagen. fTabitat ;: — CoLtomsia,Onaca, in Dept. Magdalena, August, by H. H. Smith, 1 co’. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. 55. Argia cupraurea Calvert. Argia cupraurea Calvert, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Neurop., pp. 85, 371, pl. iv, figs. 24, 42, 1902, I907. i Habitat : — VENEZUELA, La Guaira, by Lyon and Robinson, July 4, Ig00, I do, July 27, rt ¢ ; San Julian, July 20, 1900, by M. W. Lyon, ijt Oo. -U. S. National Museum. 56. Argia orichalcea. Argia orichalcea Hagen, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2), xx, p. 408, 1875. Calvert. Biol. Centr.-Amer. Neurop., pp 71, 86, I901. Hagen and Calvert, Bull. Mus. Comp. Pal aesIx, p, 1E3. pl. tr, figs..7, 72 (apps. ¢), 1902. %. The original description of this species states, abdominal seg- ments ‘‘ 3me—6me avec une tache basale bleu foncé occupant presque la moitié au-dessus’’ and implies that segments 8 to ro are as in cuprea, 2. €., 8 black, narrowly pale blue at base, g and to greenish-blue above. In the Szologia, 7. c. | have given these markings as dis- tinguishing orchalcea from wnea, stating, however, that I had not seen orichalcea. Material from Bonda, Colombia, listed below, 144 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. although evidently closely allied to ovchalcea and enea, does not ex- actly agree with the diagnosis of either of these species, since segments 3-7 are black with a blue transverse basal ring occupying only one- fifteenth of the segments’ lengths, and 8, while badly faded in most of the examples, is in others unquestionably blue, with an inferior black stripe each side of variable length, 9 blue with an inferior black stripe each side as long as the segment, ro similar, or with the black stripe reduced to a spot. Q@. Agrees with the original description of ovichalcea 2 except that the mesepimeral branch of the humeral stripe (‘‘ bande posthumérale noir bronzé meétallique’’) reaches the short black line on the upper end of the obsolete first lateral thoracic suture in all but one or two examples. I cannot distinguish these females from @nea @, for, al- though they seem to have a narrower mesostigmal lamina, I find on re-examining a series of «zea females that considerable variation in the width of this structure exists in that species. Dimensions : abdomen 3 26.5-30, 2 24-27; hind wing 3 18.5- 21, 2 I9g-21 mm. Habitat : — CoLompsia, Bonda in Dept. Magdalena, by H. H. Smith, 1 2 June, 2 cS July, 12 & 14 2 August, 2 o 1 2 September October, 1 do’ 2 £ November. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. I refer these speciment to orzchalcea, notwithstanding the above- mentioned differences, pending a re-examination of the types. 57. Argia tinctipennis Selys. (PLATE IV, FIG. 62.) Argia tinctipennis (Bates, Mss.) Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xx, p. 396. 1865. Hagen & Calvert, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., xxxix, p. 115, pl. 2, ff. 6,6@. 1902. 3. The black of the frons extends down between the antennz (but not on the genz) to the nasus, which latter is blue. At mid-height the pale (blue) antehumeral stripe is one-half to two-fifths as wide as the black mid-dorsal, the black humeral stripe one and one-half times as wide as the pale antehumeral. The intersegmental articulation of g and fo is black. 2. Agreeing with de Selys’ description except that the pale colors are pale browns or blues instead of ‘‘ jaune olivatre’’ or ‘‘ jaunatre,’’ differences doubtless due to differences of age. As in the male, the black of the frons extends down between the antennz (but not on the genz) to the nasus, but the latter is also black. At mid-height the —— CALVERT: ODONATA OF THE NEOTROPICAL REGION. 145 pale antehumeral stripe is one-third to one-fourth as wide as the black mid-dorsal, the black humeral 14 to 14 times as wide as the pale antehumeral. The black markings of 8 and 9g are due to the two mid- dorsal stripes, which extend from the base to two-thirds or four-fifths of the length of 8 and toone-half of the length of 9, having fused each with its adjacent inferior lateral black stripe for the first half to three- fifths (on 8) or third (on g) of the segment’s length, while the dorsals have fused with each other for almost their entire length on 8, although only at the extreme base ong. ‘The inner, or mesial, end of each mes- ostigmal lamina is produced caudad as a slight carina, parallel to the median sagittal plane of the body, as far as the level of the lower (an- terior) forking of the mid-dorsal thoracic carina ; this feature is not found in the females referred to 4. dotacudo. lita 32. Stigma of the front wings surmounting more than one cell emeapemecnt. 4, 60.7 per cent. 2) or one cell (33.3 per cent. 2); of the hind wings surmounting more than one (50 per cent. o’, 83 Seem ), one (33 per cent. &, 17 per cent. 2), or less than one megeper cent. <) cell. Antenodal cells on the front wings 3 (100 per cent. SY), on the Semeewines3 (100 per cent. %, 83 per cent. 2) or 3 + (17 per Bent. 2). Postnodals on the front wings 15 (50 per cent. o', 33.3 per cent. Summment ato percent. %, 50 per cent. 2), 14 (17 per cent. co’) or me7percent. ~). All percentages basedon 3 < 3 ¢. Dimensions : abdomen 3 26-26.5, °° 23.5-25; hind wing % 18.5, 2 18-19.5 mm. ffabitat : — BRaziL, Peixe-Boi, by Miss Harriet B. Merrill, 3 cS 3 2. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and coll. E. B. Williamson. ‘Two of the males and one female are accompanied by the following notes made by the collector: J ‘‘ Bright blue, darker than sky blue Nov. 26, 1907’’; & ‘‘ Entire body blue and black Nov. 26, 1907’’; @ ‘‘ Bright blue like larger one Nov. 29, 1907.’’ After describing the ‘‘ 2 ? (Douteuse)’’ of Argia tmpura, Selys (7. ¢. Pp. 397) remarks “ J’ai été porté a admettre une difference entre Pimpura et la tinctipennis parce que les deux femelles, qui semblent notablement différentes l’une de l’autre, se rapportent parfaitement par __ les dimensions et le nombre de nervules postcubitales aux males que j’y rapporte.’’ ‘The color pattern of abdominal segments 4 and 5 of the males as he describes them would appear to justify the separation of 146 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. tempura and tinctipennts, but the ‘‘ notable differences ’’ between the two females dc not appear from his description, as the dimensions given for them are exactly alike (abdomen 23, hind wing 19 mm. ), and the number of postnodals (postcubitals) for the male of “7c/zpennts is not stated. From the data which are given above for “nctipennis, it seems possible that de Selys’ zpura female may also be “nclipennts. 58. Argia chapade sp. nov. (PLATE LV, RIGS, (76,°76s.)) 3. Rear of the head black, witha narrow pale stripe along each eye, margin. Black of the frons not reaching as far down as the level of the first joint of the antennz, which joint is blue anteriorly ; fronto- nasal suture with a black line. Pale (blue) antehumeral stripe widen- ing from above downward, at mid-height one-half to two-fifths as wide as the black mid-dorsal. Black humeral stripe widened at both ends, at the lower end as wide, at mid-height three-fourths as wide, as the pale antehumeral, forked in its upper fourth or two-fifths, both branches reaching to the upper margin of the sclerite, the mesepimeral branch noticeably curving backward (caudad) to attain also the upper end of the obsolete first lateral thoracic suture. A narrow black stripe on the entire length of the second lateral thoracic suture or obsolete on the lower half thereof. Abdominal segment 2 blue, a black stripe on each side from end to end of the segment, curving mesad just in front of its hind end toward, but not meeting, its fellow of the opposite side on the dorsum; side below this stripe blue, unmarked; the dorsal blue of the anterior part of the segment two-thirds to four fifths as wide as the segment itself; 3-6 predominantly blue in dorsal view, each witha longitudinal black stripe on each side beginning just behind the usual transverse basal blue ring and widening to meet its fellow of the opposite side on the dorsum in the hindmost fifth or sixth of each segment (or in some the fourth of 6); 7 black with a narrow trans- verse basal blue ring, mid-dorsally interrupted with black ; inferior lateral margins of 3—7 blue, except in the hindmost sixth of each seg- ment ; 8-10 blue, with an inferior black stripe on each side as long as the segments. °. A single female seems to belong to this species. It differs from the male as follows: Nasus black, a small pale spot on each side, black of the frons reaching down between the antennez to the level of their bases (first antennal joint remaining pale anteriorly) and connected CALVERT: ODONATA OF THE NEOTROPICAL REGION. 147 by a median perpendicular black line with the black of the nasus ; black humeral stripe similar to that of the male, but not so narrow in its middle where it is subequal in width to the pale antehumeral, the black stripe obsolete on the lower half, or more, of the second lateral thoracic suture ; dorsal blue of the anterior part of abdominal segment 2 narrower, one-half to one-third as wide as the segment ; 3-5 pre- dominantly black in dorsal view, the lateral black stripes wider, so that the mid-dorsal blue is reduced in width to one-third of that of the segment on 3 and 4 and to hardly more than a line on 5, and not confluent with the transverse basal blue ring on 4 and 5, as the ring is mid-dorsally interrupted with black; 6 like 7 of the male; 8 and g similar to those of the male, but having in addition a pair of black dorsal stripes extending from the base of each segment to three-fourths of 8, three-fifths of 9, each dorsal fused with its adjacent inferior lateral for the first half of 8 or third of 9g, and with its fellow dorsal at the extreme base of 8, but not on g; hind ends of the dorsals narrower and rounded; 1o blue, with a transverse basal black line, posterior dorsal margin of the segment narrowly cleft on the median line almost to the base of the segment. Prothorax and mesostigmal lamine lost. SY. Stigma of the front wings surmounting more than one (55 Semecnt, tight wing ) or one (45 percent. 6’, left wing 2) cell ; of the hind wings surmounting more than one (50 per cent. <, left wing 2), one (45 per cent. od’, right wing @), or less than one eseper cent. c’) cell. Antenodal cells of the front wings 3 (80 per cent. 3’, and &) or meee2e per cent. ~), of the hind wings 3 (100 per cent. oc’, 2) The percentages are based on Io &%. Dimensions: abdomen ' 25.5-26, & 24; hind wing o 18-20, 2 Ig mm. Hlabitat : — BraziL, Chapada, by H. H. Smith, 2 o' and parts of 9 others, 1 &. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. This species is very similar to A. tnuctipennis Selys and may be a subspecies (geographical race) thereof, but the intermediates are not at hand. ‘The chief differences are that 4. t/nct‘pennis has the black of the frons extending down to the nasus; the black humeral stripe of uniform width (not narrower in the middle, as in chapade), wider in that it extends over the whole of the mesepimeron (instead of reach- ing to the obsolete first lateral thoracic suture at its upper end only), and not forked, although enclosing a pale dot at its upper end; the 148 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. black stripe on the second lateral thoracic suture wider and complete. In “nctipennis °, in addition, the mid-dorsal blue on abdominal seg- ments 3 and 4 is a mere fine line, while in chapade & it forms a stripe of some width. The wings of the present material of chapade@ are only very slightly yellowish, or smoky, but this may be only an age- difference, as de Selys accepts it as such in his description of snc71- pennis. 59. Argia botacudo sp. nov. (BrArEe WV FiGs.-63,°7 7.0 77s) 3’. Rear of the head black, a narrow yellow stripe along each eye- margin. Pale antehumeral stripe at mid-height two-fifths as wide as the black mid-dorsal. Black humeral stripe of subuniform width, one and one-half times as wide as the pale antehumeral, not forked, but enclosing a very small pale spot at its upper end. A black stripe on the entire length of the second lateral thoracic suture. Abdominal segment 2 violaceous, a longitudinal black stripe on each side from end to end, approaching, but not meeting, its fellow of the opposite side on the dorsum a little in front of the hind end of the segment, the violaceous area on the anterior dorsal part of the segment half to three- fifths as wide as the segment itself, the lateral black stripe reaching down to the inferior margin at mid-length of the segment and again at the hind end, or for most of the posterior part of the segment. Abdominal segments 3 and 4 chiefly violaceous in dorsal view, each having a lateral black stripe on each side beginning just behind the usual transverse pale basal ring and widening on the hindmost fourth to sixth of the segments to meet its fellow of the opposite side on the dorsum ; segment 5 similar, but since the lateral black stripes meet on the hindmost third or fourth of the segment, and the mid-dorsal vio- laceous is narrower and tapers to a more acute point posteriorly, black predominates on this segment in dorsal view; 6 and 7 black witha narrower transverse pale basal ring ; inferior lateral margins of 3—6 or 7 pale yellowish, or brownish, except in the hindmost fifth of each seg- ment; 8—1o0 violaceous, with an inferior black stripe each side as long as the segments, and apparently reaching farther up toward the dorsum at the hind end of 8 than at any other point. Y. Differs from the male as follows: Nasus black with a small pale spot on each side ; the black of the frons extends to the nasus in one specimen only (in the males the nasus is blue, the fronto-nasal suture, the rhinarium, and the base of the labrum are narrowly black); pale CALVERT: ODONATA OF THE NEOTROPICAL REGION. 149 antehumeral stripe one-fourth to two-fifths as wide as the black mid- dorsal at mid-height, black humeral stripe nearly twice to one and one-half times as wide as the pale antehumeral ; the violaceous area on the anterior part of the dorsum of abdominal segment 2 reduced in width to about one-third of that of the segment, the lateral black stripe not reaching to the inferior margin, but there is an elongated isolated brown spot on the posterior half of the yellowish side of the segment ; 3 and 4 chiefly black, the mid-dorsal pale stripe much reduced in width, although of about the same length ; 5—7 black, with a mid-dorsal pale line from base backward (caudad) to five-sixths (on 5) or one- half (on 7) of the length of the segments ; 8 and g with black pre- dominating in the form of four longitudinal stripes, two dorsal, and an inferior on each side, all four reaching from end to end of segment 8 (or the two dorsals interrupted at three-fourths’ length), all four fused at base and at apex, the basal fusion between each lateral and its adja- cent dorsal extending for the anterior two-thirds of the segment; on g the inferior lateral black stripes reach from end to end of the seg- ment, the dorsals from base to two-thirds of the length, each dorsal being fused with its adjacent lateral for the basal half or third of the segment, but with its fellow dorsal only at the extreme base ; 10 pale, with a narrow transverse basal black stripe, the posterior margin of the segment cleft mid-dorsally and narrowly for almost the whole length of the segment. 3J'2. Stigma of the front wings surmounting more than one (75 Semeentra oo per cent.) or one (25 per cent. c, 17 per cent. 2) cell; of the hind wings surmounting more than one (85 per cent. Seeeeyeper celt. {) or One (15 per cent. c’, 33.3 per cent. 2) cell. Antenodal cells on the front wings 3 (80 per cent. <, 100 per cent. Bora (20 per cent, %); on the hind wings 3 (100 per cent. <, mearpemeent. ~ ) Or 2 (17 per cent. Y). Percentages based on 10 C, 3 2. Dimensions: abdomen < 24-26.5, 2 23.5; hind wing & 18-19.5, 2 Ig-20 mm. Flabitat : — Brazit, Chapada, by H. H. Smith, 5 < ( and parts of Io Others), 2 ¢ (and parts of 1 other), 1 d' 1 ¢ each numbered 85, other males numbered 83 and 149, females 78 and 188 by the collec- tor. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. The specific name proposed is that of a tribe of Brazilian Indians, The postocular spots of both sexes of this species are rather distinc- 150 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. tive, being smaller than is often the case in this genus, not so elongate mesad, and with no pale transverse occipital stripe between the right and left spots. 60. Argia tupi, sp. nov. (PLATE, TVG FIGS...78,- 785. ) oS’. Rear of head chiefly black, a narrow yellowish stripe bordering each eye and a narrow transverse superior yellowish stripe each side immediately behind the black, which borders posteriorly each pale post- ocular spot, the yellowish stripe subequal in width to this black. Pale (violet) antehumeral stripe twice as wide as the black mid-dorsal. Black humeral stripe a mere line in its upper two-thirds, but widened at its upper end, in its lower third confluent with an oblique black mesepimeral stripe. This latter stripe reaches to the upper margin of the mesepimeron ; in its lower third itis half, or a little more than half, as wide asthe pale antehumeral. A black stripe on the whole length of the second lateral thoracic suture. Abdominal segment 2 violet on dorsum bounded on each side by a black stripe, which is widened mesad at three-fourths’ length and again narrowed before the hind end of the segment, but does not meet its fellow of the opposite side ; sides of 2 below this stripe yellowish, with the posterior two-thirds of the inferior margin black ; 3-6 violet, with a black stripe on each side beginning shortly behind the base of each segment and reaching to the hind end and widened mesad to meet its fellow of the opposite side in the hindmost fifth of 3, fourth of 4, two-fifths of 5, half of 6 ; 7 black, with a narrow transverse basal pale ring ; the lateral black of 3-7 encloses a longitudinal pale brownish or yellowish stripe the length of which may be half, or more than half, of that of the segment ; 8-10 pale (blue?) with an inferior black stripe on each side for the entire length of each segment. Stigma of the front wings surmounting more than one cell; of the hind wings surmounting more than one cell (75 per cent.), two cells (12.5 per cent.) or more than two cells (12.5 per cent. ). Antenodal cells on the front wings 4 (87.5 per cent.) or 4 + (12.5 per cent.), on the hind wings 4 (87.5 per cent.) or 3 + (12.5 per cent.). (Percentages here and in preceding paragraph based on AG.) ?° unknown. Dimensions: S&S. Abdomen 29.5-33.5; hind wing 23-26 mm. | : | CALVERT: ODONATA OF THE NEOTROPICAL REGION. 151 Habitat : — Brazit, Chapada, by H. H. Smith, 4 <’, one dated May. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. The specific name proposed is that of a native human tribe. - This species belongs to the same group as the Mexican and Central American species harknesst, barrettt, pipila, and chelata of the ‘‘ Biologia Centrali-Americana,’’ Volume Neuroptera, and in the key to the species therein (/. ¢c. pp. 71, 359) comes nearest to che/ata. It differs from chelata in its smaller size, fewer antenodal cells on the front wings, in the details of the abdominal appendages, the smaller extent of pale color (here violet) on the abdomen, the black humeral stripe forked in its upper two-thirds, the mesepimeral constituent of the fork reach- ing to the upper margin of the mesepimeron, which is not the case in chelata, Among the described South American species, /fz seems to approach claussenit Selys and crocezpennis Selys. From the description of the first it appears to differ by the absence in all four examples of any double cells in the second cubital area ( = espace postcostal of de Selys), in having fewer black bands on the thorax, and less pale color on the abdomen, especially on segment 7 ; the details of the abdominal appendages are also different from Hagen’s figures of those of c/ausseniz. (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6dl. XX XIX, 1902. ) The description of crocezpennis calls for an insect having, z7/er alia, its wings ‘‘entierement lavées de jaunatre safrané, . . . devant du thorax noir, avec une bande antéhumérale bleue arquée [which I interpret to mean that black predominates on this area]. . . . Ab- domen noir luisant, marqué de bleu ainsi qu’il suit: . . . 7me—8me a anneau basal non prolongé,’’ which characteristics appear to exclude the form here described as new. 61. Argia subapicalis sp. nov. (PLATE IV, FIGS. 79, 795.) co. Rear of the head black, a pale stripe bordering the eyes below ; one <' shows also a superior transverse yellowish stripe similar to that described for 4. /wfi. Black mid-dorsal thoracic stripe reduced to a line upon the carina only. Black humeral stripe little more than a line for most of its length, slightly wider in its upper half, especially just below its upper end, at its lower end confluent with a sub- quadrangular mesepimeral black spot, similar to, but wider than the spot in the same area in 4. aficalis Say of North America, 152 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. and which is continued upon the mesinfraepisternum. A_ black stripe on the second lateral thoracic suture down to the level of the metastigma. Abdominal segment 2 blue, becoming violet with age, with a black stripe on each side from end to end, widened mesad at about four-fifths’ length, so as to approach, but not to meet, its fellow of the opposite side on the dorsum, and again narrowed to the hind end ; 3—7 predominantly black, with a narrow transverse basal pale (violet in older examples) ring, which on 3 is produced backward on the dorsum, tapering posteriorly to four-fifths or two-thirds of the segment’s length, and on 4 is similarly produced for the first eighth or tenth of the segment’s length ; on the sides of 3-6 or 7 the pale basal ring is produced asa pale stripe along the inferior margin to about five-sixths of the length of each segment ; 8—10 pale (blue?) with an inferior black stripe on each side as long as the segments; in at least one specimen the black stripe on each side of 8 is produced upon the dorsum at the hind end of the segment, and meets its fellow of the opposite side. Stigma of the front wings surmounting more than one (60 per cent. ), one (20 per cent.) or less than one (20 per cent.) cell, long; of the hind wings surmounting more than one (50 per cent.), one (40 per cent. ), or less tham one (ro per cent.) ceil: Antenodal cells on the front wings 4 (go per cent.) or 5 (10 per cent.), on the hind wings 4 (80 per cent.) or 5 (Zo per cent (Percentages in this and in the preceding paragraph based on 5 &.) ? unknown. Dimensions; 3S. Abdomen 28—31.5 ; hind wing 19-23 mm. fTabitat : — Brazit, Chapada, by H. H. Smith, 3 co and parts of 2 others. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. This species shows a remarkable resemblance to 4. apicalis Say of North America, which latter is not known south of Texas. H. Smith. , BraziLt, Campo Largo, January 1, 1908, 16°, 1 & ; Urubu, De- cember 8, 1907, 1 6’; Boqueiraé, January 7, 1908, 1c’, 19; all in Bahia, by J. D. Haseman. Cachoeira Cuyaba, January 26,1; Rio de Janeiro, January, 1 Q ; by H. H. Smith. 248 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. The preceding in the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. PARAGUAY, Sapucay, by W. T. Foster, September, 1902, 4 0’, De- © cember, 1899 and 1903, 9 0, 7 @, January to March, 1900, 5 do’, 2 &. U.S. National Museum. . BAHAMAS, Strange Cay, July 14, 1904, by Allen, Barbour, and Bryant, 26’, 1 2 and 1 homeceochromatic 9. New Providence, vicinity of Nassau, June 28—July 1, 1904, by the same, 20, I &. Andros, Mangrove Cay, August 1, 1904, by O. Bryant, 3c. Allin Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, Cambridge, Mass. 176. Erythrodiplax ochracea Burmeister. Erythrodiplax ochracea Calv., /. c., p- 255. 1906. fTabitat :—Brazit, Barreiras, in Bahia, January 4, 1908, 3 d\(2 & ?); S40 Joas da Barra (near Rio Parahyba), June 24, 1908, 1 &; Ururahy, June 30, 1908, 13%’; by J. D. Haseman. Carnegie Museum, Pitts- burgh. Farther south this species appears to be represented by smaller indi- viduals, 3 ', 6 2. (abdomen.c' 19, 2 17.5; hind wing, ¢ se2.0 ame mm.) from Piedra Blanca, in Bolivia, by H. H. Smith, and perhaps some slightly larger (abd. 19, h. w. 22) females from Concepcion, Paraguay, by the same collector, also belong here. Carnegie Mu- seum, Pittsburgh. 177. Erythrodiplax erichsoni? Kirby. Erythrodiplax erichsoni ? Calv., 2. c., p. 256, 1906. Habitat : — CoLomBia, Don Diego, 2 o. BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro, in November, 1 4... H. H. Smith. Car- negie Museum, Pittsburgh. - 3 178. Erythrodiplax venusta Kirby. Micrathyria venusta Kirby, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xix, p. 612, pl. xiii, fig. 1. TSO Fc Fflabitat : — BraziL, Cachoeira, part of 1 &, no. 47, by H: H. Smith. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. 179. Erythrodiplax connata Burmeister. Erythrodiplax connata Calvert, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Neurop., p. 259. 1906. form... (Calvert, dace, ip eoo: : Habitat: — Brazi_t, Desterro, December, 1 &, by H. H. Smith, Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. form-er.. Calvert, Zee pozog CALVERT: ODONATA OF THE NEOTROPICAL REGION. 249 Cotompia, Bonda, July, 1 2, August, 5 co’, 1 2, September, 10, me erelctober, 106, November, (2°) 5 9, December,:2. 3; 2.2, faluaryet ic, 1 2; Onaca, -Aucust, 1c); 1.9, December, 1 of ; -by H. H. Smith. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. VENEZUELA, La Guaira, July 27, 1900, by Lyon and Robinson, 2 o’, 12. U.S. National Museum. BraziLt, Chapada, 22 o&, 12, some dated December, some num- Beted 24525, 44, 101, 102, 103, 107, and:117 by: the-collector ;. Rio Grande do Sul, 2 o&’, by H. H. Smith. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. PARAGUAY, Sapucay, by W. IT. Foster, September, 1902, 2. <, moweniser: to0T, 1; December, “1899, 1901, 1902, 10; 0, 3 ¢, March, 1900, 1 5. U.S. National Museum. ore | Calvert, :7..c., p.. 264. BRAZIL, Chapada, 33 do’, 10 ¥, more or less perfect, some dated May, some December, some numbered 21, 58, 59, 104, 131, 1332, 135, and 181 by the collector, H. H. Smith. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. 180. Erythrodiplax minuscula Rambur. Erythrodiplax minuscula Calvert, /. c., p. 267. 1906. Habitat : — Brazit, Chapada, 27 3’, 14 2, some dated May, some December ; some numbered 52 or 131 by the collector; Corumba, May ior. 5 Cuyaba, lakes, January; 1886, 3,6. ; Cachoeira, Cuyaba Lagoa, January 29, 6 oc’, 8 &, some numbered 44 or 45, Rio Grande do'Sul;: rc". Bouivia, Piedra Blanca, April, 3 &. All by H. H. Smith. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. 181. Erythrodiplax berenice neva Hagen. Lrythrodiplax berenice neva Calvert, /. c., p. 270. 1906. flabitat : — BauHaMas, Andros Island, Mangrove Cay, August 2, 1904, by O. Bryant, 1 &, 3 heterochromatic . Museum of Com- parative Zodlogy, Cambridge, Mass. 182. Dythemis velox Hagen. Dythemis velox Calvert, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Neurop., p. 272. 1906. Habitat : —Couompia, Bonda, July, 1 co’, August, 2 3’, November, Bich ak ey. BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro, May, 1 o', November, 1 2. Rio Grande eocsul. 1 C . All the preceding by H. H. Smith. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. 250 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Muniz Freire in Espiritu Santo, June 17, 18, 1908, by J. D. Haseman, 1 co’, 1 2. Carnegie Museum. PaRAGuay, Sapucay, by W. T. Foster, November, 1899, 1 &, Jan- uary, 1900, 2 G. United States National Museum. 183. Dythemis constricta Calvert. Dythemis constricta Calv., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xxviii, p. 311, pl. i, fig. 16. 1898. Habitat : — Brazit, Bom Fim in Bahia, at the Fazenda de Ama- ratu, November 21, 1907, by J. D. Haseman, 1 o. Carnegie Mu- seum, Pittsburgh. 7 184. Dythemis cannacrioides Calvert. Dythemis cannacrioides Calv., Biol. Centr.-Amer. Neurop., pp. 276,-405, pl. viii, figs. 43, 44, pl. x, fig. 13. 1906, 1908. Habitat -— BraziL, Chapada, by H. H. Smith, 4o,1 2. The Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. 185. Brechmorhoga precox Hagen. Brechmorhoga precox Calvert, 7, c., pp. 281, 405, pl. viil, fig. 49. 1906, 1908. Habitat : — CotompsiA, Bonda, July, 2 3’, 2 2, November, 1 0, 1 2, December, 1c’, 2.2; Onaca, November, 1 ¢:; by Hiceeemam Carnegie Museum. The November male tends toward B. fostlobata Calvert. 186. Brechmorhoga predatrix sp. nov. 3. Closely related to B. precox. Agreeing with the characters of this species, as given in the Synopsis for the genus, Biol. Centr.- Amer. Neurop., pp. 278, 279, under the rubrics A, B (except that the genital lobe is half as prominent as the anterior lamina, pale mark on each side of the dorsum of 7 a stripe one-fourth as wide, or less, as the half of the segment on which it hes), C and DD (except that the labrum has a median, and on each side a lateral, brown spot, while the hamule is shaped almost as in wwbecula, but its apex is not quite so acute). The hind wings have two posttriangular rows beginning at the triangle. Abdomen 34-37, hind wing 30-31 mm. ° unknown. Habitat : — Brazit, Chapada, by H. H. Smith, 5 o&. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. ee ay i ey oe” ae ee ee a. ee ee oe CALVERT: ODONATA OF THE NEOTROPICAL REGION. Bol 187. Brechmorhoga nubecula Rambur. Brechmorhoga nubecula Calvert, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Neurop., p. 285. 1906. FTabitat : — Cotompia, Onaca, August, 1 <. BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro, November, 2 &, 52, December, 16, 1 9 ; Chapada, November, part of 1 oc’, December, 26’, 1. All the preceding by H. H. Smith, Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. Sete Lagoas in Minas Geraes, May .7, 1908, by J. D. Haseman, Io’. Carnegie Museum. 188. Brechmorhoga inequiunguis Calvert. Brechmorhoga tneguiunguis Calvert, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Neurop., pp. 286, 406. 1906, 1908. Ffabitat : — Cotompsia, Onaca, in December, by H. H. Smith, 1 ’. BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro, November, by the same, 2 co. All 30, Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. 189. Brechmorhoga heteronycha sp. nov. (PLATE IX, FIG. 147.) SY. Internal triangle of the front wing more often 2-celled ; hind wing with more often 1 (<') or 2(@) posttriangular rows; 1 cell between the hind angle of the triangle and A, immediately opposite ; 2 rows of cells between and parallel to A, and the anal angle; 1 anal cell between the hind angle of the triangle and the point of origin of A,; two cubito-anal cross-veins. Wings faintly yellow, venation orange and yellow. Frons pale green and deeply bifid superiorly, forming two divergent, almost conical tubercles, thus re- sembling the frons of Gomphomacromia paradoxa, pale \uteous ante- riorly. Legs pale brownish-yellow. Abdomen not widened on the posterior segments, blackish-brown with green or yellow stripes and spots. oS. All the wings with an ochre-brown basal spot, occupying the costal, subcostal, and median areas out to the first antenodal. Tooth of the tarsal nails less than half as long as the tip of the nail itself on both nails of the first leg and on the inner (or posterior) nail of the second and of the third leg ; as long as the tip of the nail itself on the outer (anterior) nail of the second and third legs. Superior appen- dages with the apex acute. 2. The ochre-brown basal spot on front wing reaching to the second antenodal ; a second basal streak in the cubital area to the As ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. cross-vein, occupying also some of the anal area at base. The hind wings also with two ochre-brown basal streaks in the same areas, the first reaching to the upper end of the arculus, the second to the second (or distal) cubito-anal cross-vein and posteriorly to the apex of the membranule ; these two basal streaks are fused at base, but separate, distal to the level of the first cubito-anal cross-vein in the median area. ‘Tooth of the nails less than half as long as the tip of the nail itself on both nails of all the legs. Dimensions: Abdomen & 26.5, 2 23; hind wing o& 23.5-24, OC e465 mT. fTabitat : — Brazit, Chapada, by H. H. Smith, 1 co and parts of 6 others; 2 2 and part of 1 other, no. 100. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. The sexual difference in the tarsal nails is interesting, and furnishes a transition from the condition found in the more typical species of Brechmorhoga, or of Dythemis, to that observed in Aacrothemis. On comparing the tarsal nails of the same leg, it is evident that the outer nail of the second and third legs is distinctly shorter than the inner nail, the length of both nails being subequal to the tip of the tooth ; the shorter length of the outer nail is due to a shortening of the tip of the nail itself. Genus MACROTHEMIS. 21. Hind wings of 9 with only one row of posttriangular cells. ( g¢ unknown. ) 190. Macrothemis uniseries sp. nov. °. Wings with a basal brown streak in the subcostal area reaching half-way to the first antenodal on the front wings, two-thirds-way to the first antenodal on the hind wings, on which latter the brown over- flows a little at the extreme base into the costal and median areas ; cubital area of hind wings from base to cross-vein a little less deeply brown than the streak just described ; first two anal cells bordering the anal vein distal to membranule yellow. Pale green antehumeral stripes faded, apparently similar to those of mustva [t. e. T-shaped]; sides of thorax pale green; a dark brown stripe on the obsolete first lateral thoracic suture to a short distance above the metastigma, where it enlarges into a rounded spot; a nar- rower dark brown stripe on the second lateral thoracic suture for its entire length, narrowing upward. Abdomen 30, hind wing 27 mm. 3 unknown. CALVERT: ODONATA OF THE NEOTROPICAL REGION. PAD YS Flabitat:— Brazit, Rio Grande do Sul, by H. H. Smith, 1 9. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. Different from other females of AZacrothemis, except AZ. pumila, by the single posttriangular row of the hind wings. Different from puwmmz/a by its larger size and the basal brown streaks of the wings. §II. Hind wings of the 9 with two, of the ¢ with one posttriangular row. 191. Macrothemis musiva Calvert. Macrothemts musiva Calv., Biol. Centr.-Amer. Neurop., p. 289. 1906. Flabitat : — CoLtompstia, Bonda, December, 1 <’, and Onaca, Decem- ber, 1c": BraziL, Rio de Janeiro, 1 3; Chapada, 1 <. The preceding by H. H. Smith. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. PARAGUAY, Sapucay, January, Igo00, by W. T. Foster, 3 ¢. U.S. National Museum. 192. Macrothemis capitata sp. nov. o. Falls under the rubrics A and B of the synopsis of this genus in Biol. Centr.-Amer. Neurop. p. 288, except that the pale green ante- humeral stripes are capitate, not T-shaped. Most, but not all, of the metallic-blue area of the frons occupied by two pale green spots, separated from each other by a black line wider above. Vertex blackish. Abdomen 26, hind wing 25-26 mm. ? uncertain. ‘Habitat :— Brazit, Desterro, December, by H. H. Smith, 2 <. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. This species is near to JZ. ¢enuzs Hagen, but is smaller, and has only one cubito-anal cross-vein on the hind wings. 193. Macrothemis imitans Karsch. Macrothemis imitans Calvert, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xxviii, pp. 319, 329, pls. 1, ii, 18098. VENEZUELA, 4 6, 2 ¢. U.S. National Museum. Brac, Chapada, by WH: H.-Smith,2o’, 1 ¢, no:’121.. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. 194. Macrothemis pseudimitans Calvert. Macrothemis pseudimitans Calvert, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Neurop. pp. 290, 406. 1906, 1908. flabitat : — BRazit, Muniz Freire in Espiritu Santo, June 18, 1908, Dy. |... Haseman, 1c’, 1 &: 254 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Rio de Janeiro, 1 &, and Chapada, May, 1 o'and parts of 2 others, by H. H. Smith. All in the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. All these are smaller than the dimensions given in the work cited, and measure abdomen o’ 23.5-25, ¢ 22; hind wing of 25-28, 2 28 mm. 195. Macrothemis hemichlora Burmeister. Macrothemis hemichlora Calvert, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Neurop. pp. 290, 406. 1906, 1908. Habitat : — CoLtomptiA, Bonda in August, 1 @. BraziL, Rio de Janeiro in November, 2 ¢ ; Chapada, 3 ¢. All six by H. H. Smith. Sete Lagoas in Minas Geraes, May, 1908, by J. D. Haseman, 1 &. All in the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. 196. Macrothemis flavescens? Kirby. Miathyria flavescens? Kirby, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xix, p. 600, pl. xili, fig. 2. 1897. Macrothemis flavescens ? Calv., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xxviii, p. 328. 1808. 3’. Falls under rubrics A (except that the apices of the superior ap- pendages are not acute), BB (except that the hind wings have two rows between A, and the anal angle, superior appendages with no tooth or denticles) and CC (except that the inferior appendage has its tip only one-fourth as wide as base and only slightly notched) of the synopsis of species in Biol. Centr.-Amer, Neurop. p. 288. Abdomen 22.5-23, hind wing 24.5—25 mm. Habitat : — Brazit, River Cuyaba, January 23, 1886, 1 6’; Cach- oeira Cuyaba, open place near river, January 25, 1 d', both by H. H. Smith. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. 197. Macrothemis declivata sp. nov. (PLATE. VIL FIGS,A£37,.91 36.) Falls under rubrics A and BB (except that the hind wings of the have 4—5 rows of cells between A, and the anal angle, and the inferior denticles of the superior appendages are on the third fourth) of the synopsis of species in Biol. Centr.-Amer. Neurop. p. 288. The green antehumeral stripes are 2.5 mm. long, narrow gradually forward (down- ward) and stop at about .5 mm. from the inferior transverse mesep- isternal carina. Sides of the thorax pale green, with two complete blackish stripes at the first and second lateral sutures respectively. es ee eee e j : ¥ a CALVERT: ODONATA OF THE NEOTROPICAL REGION. 255 oS. Differs from all other species in having the apex of the superior appendages a little produced and curved ventrad and laterad. Ab- dominal segment 8 at base 3 mm. wide. °. Wings yellowish from base to nodus for entire (front) or almost the entire (hind) width. One & has only one posttriangular row on both hind wings for three cells, but the other two have two rows. Dimensions : — Abdomen 3% 29.5, & 29; hind wing of circa 33, 2 34-35 mm. Habitat : — Brazit, Rio de Janeiro, by H. H. Smith, 1 o’, 3 &, some dated November. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. 198. Macrothemis marmorata Hagen. Macrothemis marmorata Calvert, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xxviii, pp. 318, 323, pl. ii, fig. 33. 18098. ffabitat :— Brazit, Rio Grande de Sul, by H. H. Smith, 1 o&. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. , 199. Macrothemis griseofrons sp. nov. 3S. Falls under rubric AA of the synopsis of species, Biol. Centr.- Amer. Neurop. p. 289, except as follows: thorax and most of the abdomen pruinose, 8-10 and the appendages brown, the superior appendages acute at tip. Frons and vertex pale bluish-g’uy, nasus and rhinarium luteous, labrum orange. Hamule most prominent of the genitalia of abd. seg. 2, anterior lamina more prominent than the genital lobe, entire. Hind wings ochraceous in part of the anal area, beginning at the anal vein and extending back 4 mm. and from the membranule distad to two cells immediately bordering the anal vein, centres of the cells a little paler. Abdomen 27.5, hind wing 30 mm. 2 unknown. Habitat : — BraziL, Bom Fim in Bahia, November 20, 1907, by J. D. Haseman at the Fazenda de Amaratu, 1 3’. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. 200. Macrothemis lutea sp. nov. 3’. Abdomen very long and slender, not widened on 7-8, luteous, with the sutures, carinze, and (on 4-9) on each side of dorsum a nar- row stripe, black. Thorax pale olive-green with black lines on parts of the lateral sutures. Hind wings with one posttriangular row, three 256 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. rows between and parallel to A, and the anal angle, 2 cells between the hind angle of the triangle and the point of origin of A,, 1 cell between the hind angle of the triangle and A, immediately opposite that angle. Superior appendages not acute at. the extreme tip, with an inferior tooth at three-fourths’ length. Abdomen 40.5, hind wing 34.5 mm. ? unknown. Flabitat : — BRaAziL, Propria in Sergipe, March 31, 1908, by J. D, Haseman,. 1 co. ,) > Carnegie Museum, Pittsbuneiae GYNOTHEMIS * gen nov. Falling in the synopsis of Mexican and Central American genera of Libellulinz (in Biol. Centr.-Amer. Neurop. p. 202), under the same rubric as /alfothemis, but differing therefrom as follows: area between the anal angle of the hind wings and A, with the cells not arranged as described for Pa/tothemis, nor in rows parallel to the anal angle or to A,, but more irregularly ; only one row of cells between R, and the supplementary sector next below, M, not waved ; front wings with the discoidal triangle free and two posttriangular rows from trian- gle to wing-margin ; femora in both sexes armed with the usual two rows of spines as in most Libellulinz, those of the male not differen- tiated as they are in Macrothemis, Brechmorhoga, etc. Type: Gynothemis ventpunctata sp. nov. 201. Gynothemis venipunctata sp. nov. (PLATE IX, FIG. 146.) Wings ochraceous at base, on the front pair for their entire width out to the distal angle of the triangle, on the hind pair from the an- terior margin to within two cells of the hind margin and out to two or three cells distad of the triangle. Antenodals in the subcostal spaces and the cubito-anal cross-vein on all the wings, and the angles of the triangle and a few cross-veins distal to the triangle on the hind wings, dotted with brown. oS. Frons anteriorly and superiorly (but not laterally) and the ver- tex dark metallic-blue ; lips mostly blackish ; thorax dark brown, sides paler, obscure ; abdomen pale yellowish, a mid-dorsal and a lateral brown or black longitudinal stripe, the laterals beginning at the hind end of segment 3. , 36'This proposed name refers to the fact that the genus, although similar in many ways to Macrothemis, differs, among others, in that the male femora are armed like those of female MWacrothemis. CALVERT: ODONATA OF THE NEOTROPICAL REGION. 257 Superior appendages slender, convex in profile, a small inferior tooth at five-sixths’ length, where the tapering to the acute apex begins. Inferior appendage nine-tenths as long as the superiors. Genitalia of the second abdominal segment similar to those of JAZacrothemis musiva, but the hamule still more slender. Legs yellow, brownish below. 2. Frons and vertex greenish, lips chiefly greenish, with some dark marks ; thorax greenish-yellow, with a mid-dorsal dark brown band. Vulvar lamina not quite reaching the hind margin of 8, emarginate. Dimensions: Abdomen & 16.5, 2 15.5; hind wing 0’? 20 mm. ffabitat :— Brazit, Chapada, by H. H. Smith, 3 < and parts of 15 others; parts of 4 , nos. 131 and 66; Rio Sapon, January 30, 1908, by J. D. Haseman, 1 2. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. 202. Miathyria marcella Selys. . Miathyria marcella, Calvert, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Neurop., pp. 294, 407. 1906, 1908. Flabitat : — CoLomBiA, Bonda, 2 2. H. H. Smith. mez. -batreiras; January 4, 1908, 1 Y, and Campo Largo, De- cember 31, 1907, in Bahia, by J. D. Haseman. Siapada, 7 S, 5° 5 Cachoeira,. i spmn. broken... Corumba, Meyeeing at 0s NLO- Grande do-oul, 1, 1 Y; by ‘H. ‘H. Smith. All the preceding in the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. PARAGUAY, Sapucay, by W. T. Foster, November, 1899, January and March, 1903, 9 0,9 2. U.S. National Museum. Concepcion, December 31, 1 broken spmn. ARGENTINA, Goya, Rio Parana, east side, December 22, 1 o’, 3 &. ? Fazenda de San Jose, Bananol, Grande Channel, near San Lou- renso, January 8,1 &. The last six specimens by H. H. Smith, Carnegie Museum, Pitts- burgh. 203. Miathyria simplex Rambur. Miathyria simplex Calv., Biol. Centr.-Amer. Neurop., p. 295. 1906. Habitat : — BraziL, Corumba, April, by H. H. Smith, 1 2. Car- negie Museum, Pittsburgh. 204. Tauriphila risi Martin. Lauriphila risi Martin, Boll. Mus. Zod]. Torino, no. 239, p. I. 1896, Ris, Hamburg. Magal. Sammelr. Odon., p. 32. 1904. Habitat : — BRaziL, Rio Grande do Sul by H. v. Ihering, 3 3,1 @. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 258 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Same locality; 2 ope. by 4a. Smith. Paracuay, Rio Parana [? Paraguay] above Rosario, December 19, in Cop. a Opt oe yeh ri Smita 'Sapucay, December, 1899, by W. T. Foster, 5 2. U.S. National Museum, ARGENTINA, Goya, Rio Parana, east side, December 22, by H. H. Smith, 4905 3 2: The specimens, collected by H. H. ‘Smith, are in the @armeric Museum, Pittsburgh. 205. Tauriphila australis Hagen. Tauriphila australis Calvert, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Neurop., ‘p. 297, pl. ix, figs. 46, 47: 1906, Habitat : —CoLomsBia, Bonda, November, 1 2, December, 1 3, by H..H. Smith. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. 206. Tauriphila argo Hagen. Tauriphila argo Calv., Biol. Centr.-Amer. Neurop., p. 299, pl. ix, figs. 48, 49, 1906. Fflabitat : — Bouivia, Piedra Blanca, April, 1 . ParRaGuay, Sapucay, November, 1899, 1 c', 4 ¢, December, 1 &, by W. T. Foster. U.S. National Museum. ARGENTINA, Rio Parana just below Corrientes, December 23, 1 &%. This and the Bolivian specimen by H. H. Smith, Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. Genus TRAMEA, The first four forms have been separated as follows, without presum- ing to decide whether all are entitled to specific rank. These four fall under Section I of the Synopsis in Biologia Centrali Americana, Neurop., p. 300. Abdominal segments 8 + 9 + 10 measure 5-5.5 mm. long, the inferior appendage of the males 1.5 mm. inall (four?). Dark (blackish-brown) basal coloring of the hind wings reaching back not quite to the hind margin, but 8.5-10 mm. behind the cubital vein, with no clearer area between this band and the proximal (or anal) wing-margin. Superior appen- dages ¢ 5 mm. long. Hamule recumbent on genital lobe, projecting beyond it by less than the vertical half of the latter. Frons g superiorly metallic-violet. brasiliana. Dark brown basal coloring of hind wing reaching back not quite to the hind margin, 10-1) mm. behind Cu, with a clearer area between it and the proximal wing- margin. Superior appendages ¢ 3.5 mm. MHamule projecting beyond the genital lobe by less than half the vertical height of the lobes. Frons ¢ superiorly metallic- VIOISt sey inp a Pee ee sea aly .. ve 6 Congicamad, var. CALVERT: ODONATA OF THE NEOTROPICAL REGION. 259 Dark brown basal coloring of the hind wings reaching back to more than half the width of the wing, 7 mm. behind Cu, with a clear area between at least its hind half and the proximal wing-margin. Superior appendages g ?, 2 3.5 mm. Hamule as in draseviana. Frons g superior metallic-violet, g yellow with basal superior metallic-blue stripe, 7 mm. wide... ... Ji epi nnr 6 \ OLROLATE, Dark brown basal coloring of hind wing reaching back to halt the width of the wing, 5 mm. behind Cu, with a clearer area between it and the proximal wing-margin. Appendages 9 3.5 mm. Vulvar lamina reaching to seven-eighths, or to the hind end, of the lateral margin of segment 9. Frons 9 yellow or greenish yellow, a superior basal metallic-blue stripe .5mm.wide.. ....... . . subbinotata. 207. Tramea brasiliana Brauer. Flabitat ;: —Brazit, Minas Geraes 1 o', Museum, of Comparative Zodlogy, Cambridge, Mass. Sete Lagoas in Minas Geraes, May 3, 1908, by J. D. Haseman, 1 <’. Shapada wn. by H. H. Smith,.2 of, nos 38... Carnegie. Museum, Pittsburgh. 208. Tramea longicauda Brauer var. ? Habitat : — Braziu, Sete Lagoas in Minas Geraes, May 7, 1908, by fe). Elaseman, I c’. Rio Grande do Sul, 2; Cuyaba, 1 ¢'; Corumba,. May, 2. Bo.ivia, Piedra Blanca, April, 1%. The six specimens by H. H. Smith. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. 209. Tramea binotata Rambur. Two males in the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, Cambridge, Mass., without locality labels, one of them labeled ‘‘ L. binotata’’ in de Selys’ hand, and ‘‘Cl’’ [ =? Claussen and hence Minas Geraes ?] , PARAGUAY, Sapucay, by. W. T. Foster, March 9, 1903, 1 ¢. U.S. National Museum. 210. Tramea subbinotata Brauer. Flabitat : —Brazit, 1 & by Heyer, Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, Mass. ARGENTINA, Goya, Rio Parana, east side, December 22, by H. H. Smith, 1 2. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. 211. Tramea cophysa ? Hagen. Tramea cophysa ? Calvert, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Neurop., p. 301. 1906. atitat:—.CoLtomBiA, Bonda, July, 1 o, 7.9.,. August, 3 <0’, 4 2, October, 2 2, November, 2 &. Brazi_, Chapada, 7 3, 3 2, no. 130. All by H. H. Smith. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. 260 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 212. Tramea insularis Hagen. Tramea insularis, Calvert, Biol, Centr.-Amer. Neurop., p. 303. 1906. Fflabitat :— Bananas, Andros Island, Mangrove Cay, July 31, 1904, by O. Bryant, 1 o’. Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, Cambridge, Mass. 213. Tramea onusta Hagen. Tramea onusta Calvert, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Neurop., p. 305. 1906. Hlabitat :— BauaMas, Andros Island, Mangrove Cay, August, 1904, by Allen, Barbour, and Bryant, 1 ~%. Museum of Comparative Zo6l- ogy, Cambridge, Mass. 214. Pantala flavescens Fabr. Pantala flavescens Calv., Biol. Centr.-Amer. Neurop. pp. 307, 407. 1906, 1908. Habitat; +~-CoLomBia, Bonda, July, 3 o', 1 ¢; August, 4 do, 3 Q, September, 17; *Onaca, August, 12. BRAZIL, Rio Grande do Sul, 1 @. All by H. H. Smith. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. Sao Paulo, September 7, 1900, by A. Hempel. Academy ot Natural Sciences of Phila. Bouivia, near Coroico, June- 4’ and 6, 1899, by W. ).)\@enmeree 20. Academy Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. PARAGUAY, Sapucay, November, 1899, by W. T. Foster, 1 oh. U. S. National Museum. 215. Pantala hymeneza Say. Pantala hymenea Calv., Biol, Centr.-Amer. Neurop. pp. 309, 407. 1907, 1908. Habitat : — Cotompta, Bonda, by H. H. Smith, 1 ot. BrazIL, Barreiras in Bahia, January 4, 1908, by J. D. Haseman, 13. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. . 216. Diastatops pullata Burmeister. Habitat : — Brazit, Cachoeira, 1 &, no. 29; Cachoeira Cuyaba Lagoa, January 29, 1 3; both by H. H. Smith. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. 217. Diastatops fuliginea Rambur. Habitat : —Brazit, Boqueiraod in Bahia, near the junction of Rio Preto and Rio Grande, January 7, 1908, by J. D. Haseman, 1 0, 1 2. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. Sela aero CALVERT: ODONATA OF THE NEOTROPICAL REGION. 261 218. Diastatops tincta Rambur. Habitat :— BraziL, Uacaryzal, by H. H. Smith, 1 co’. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. 219. Perithemis thais Kirby. Flabitat : — PERu, Iquitos, Staudinger, 2 o. PeAZIL.. Para? 1 co. Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, Cambridge, Mass. PARAGUAY, Sapucay, March, 1900, by.W. T. Foster, 2c’. U, S. National Museum. 220. Perithemis domitia iris Hagen. Perithemis domitia iris Calvert, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Neurop., p. 313, 408. . 1907 1908, fTabitat :— Cotompsia, Bonda, August, 1 3’, by H. H. Smith, Car- negie Museum, Pittsburgh. PARAGUAY: Sapucay, November, 1899, 1 d, January, 1903, 8 d, February, 1900, 1 2, by W. T. Foster. U.S. National Museum. ° 221. Perithemis domitia mooma Kirby. Perithemis domitia mooma, Calv., /. c., p. 314. 1907. Flabitat :— VENEZUELA, La Guaira, July 27, 1900, by Lyon & Robinson, 1 db’. U.S. National Museum. BraziL, Barreiras, January 4, 12, and Campo Largo, January 1, 1908, 1 ©, in Bahia, by J. D. Haseman. Carnegie Museum, Pitts- burgh. EMRAGUAY, scapicay, March, 1900, by W. Y. Foster, 1 2. U. S. National Museum. 222. Rhodopygia hollandi Calvert. (PLATE IX, FIG, 148.) Rhodopygia hollandi Calvert, Biol, Centr.-Amer. Neurop., pp. 319, pl. ix, fig. 54. 1907. Habitat : — Brazit, Chapada, 7 o', 4 ¢ (parts) ; Cachoeira, 1 <, monte, Ciyaba, january, 16306, lakes, 3; 1 2; by H. H. Smith: Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. 223. Cannacria furcata Hagen. Cannacria furcata Calv., /. c., p. 325. 1907. Habitat : — BRAZIL, Sete Lagoas in Minas Geraes, May 8, 1908, by J. D. Haseman, 1 <. Rio de janeiro, November, 1 ¢, January, 2 0, 3-2. 262 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. ARGENTINA, Santa Helena, December 21, 1 2, and Goya, Decem- ber 22, 1 2, both east side Rio Parana. H. H. Smith. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. 224. Cannacria batesi Kirby. Cannacria batest Calv., 7. ¢., p. 326. 1907. Habitat : — Brazit, Campo Largo in Bahia, January 1, 1908, by J= D. Haseman, tiem. Chapada, December; ao, 1, 2. Bo.ivia, Piedra Blanca, April, 1 o. The last three by H. H. Smith. All in the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. 225. Erythemis peruviana Rambur. LErythemts peruviana Calv., 7. c., p. 333. 1907. flabitat : — Co tompia, Bonda, October, 1 3’, by H. H. Smith. Brazil, Barreiras in Bahia, January 4, 1908, by J. D. Haseman, CA Od Mao bey Cuyaba, January, 1886, lakes, 3 ¢’, 1 2 ; Cachoeiray17-¢ ae Uacaryzal, February, 1 6’, 1 2, by H. H. Smith. Santa Anna do Japara, August 20, by Moenkhaus, 1 . Collection of GE; Adams: PaRAGuaY, Rio Paraguay, below Concepcion, ‘‘ December 28, clay beach fronting lowland forest, very abundant,’’ 1 o’, 1 2, December 20, Lo, by i. Eh smith The preceding, except that from Santa Anna, etc., in the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. Sapucay, December, 1899, and January, 1900, by W. T. Foster, 2 2. U.S. National Museum. 226. Erythemis mithroides Brauer. Erythemis mithroides Calv., 1. ¢., p. 334. 1907. Habitat: — ParacGuay, Concepcion, December 31, by H. H. Smith, 2 do. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. 227. Erythemis attala Selys. Erythemis attaia Calv., 7. ¢., p. 335. 1907. Hlabitat: —BRaAziL, Santa Anna do Japara, August, 1898, by Moenkhaus, 3 c'; 1-2. . Collectionjor-C. -C.*Adams: Cachoeira Cuyaba, January 27, by H. H. Smith, 1 &. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. Paracuay, Sapucay, January, 1900, by W. T. Foster; a qe . National Museum. CALVERT: QODONATA OF THE NEOTROPICAL REGION. 263 228. Erythemis verbenata Hagen. Lrythemis verbenata Calv., 7. c., ps 336. 1907. Habitat : — Cotompia, Bonda, October, 1 o’, November, 3 ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Vol. VI. Plate VII. 128. je) 25 (26. (27. 12Gs 135. (3G. Gomphoides, Progomphus, Micrathyria, Dorocordulia, Neocordulia, and Macrothemis. oe e 4 Pi sa a 4, - “1 278 eee ae > (Venation of Wings from Photographs by Dr. H. G. Kribs.) eh Fic. 139. Heliocharis amazona, Selys, g, Chapada. Fic. Fic. FIG. Fic. FIG; 140. I4lI. 142. 143. 144 of “ll - tates | F ‘ eg ‘Aah ee ‘ : rf ' al ere, fares Ww 7 t J fi 1 - f = ~ ‘are Decne Mes Paxeninein eo? ade ary, a Sie Mrs a Adin Vt eye pepe 3 ‘a ’ ~ Die : ie + be ree Ae eee ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MusEUM. P \ : ’ =f ae, = oe “3% 2 *s eg Zé 4 PATE SV Dll: Perilestes fragilis ? Hagen, Chapada. _ Diargia bicellulata, sp. nov., Chapada. Oyagrion evanescens, sp. nov., Chapada. ; Tigriagrion wurantinigrum, Sp. Nov., Chapada. se Argia thisma, sp. nov , Chapada. a ‘SdH OD *H 1d Aq sydeasojoyg woz sSurAy Jo uoIqeUudA tvl ee t Tutt ‘ a ind (a +f ee Se ea f ot» aap ot Leer SI RA Pan} \ Lt ey | - fon pout fea oo we Ee BING OF nly eee sty ence: cage ae, ITA 2" Id IA 'I°A ‘WN3ASNW JIDSINYVD SIVNNY . i ve oe eee ie : z > coy . yi be ~ } A a Reece 280 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. | 1 aati ek PLATE IX; Bore — Fic. 145. Uracis oviposilrix, sp. nov., Q, Chapeds: Fic. 146. Gymnothemis venipunctata, gen. et sp. nov., ¢, fe p Fic. 147. Brechmorhoga heteronycha, sp, nov., 9, Chapada, ) fa Fic. 148. Rhodopygia holland Calvert, 8, Cuyaba. ie Fics. 149-151. Lazs pudica Hagen, Chapada, 3 & of differen a replacement of the brown of the wings of the youngest individuals Fics. 152, 153. Meterina fuscibasis, sp. nov., Chapada, ¢ and Fic. 154. Lrythemis hematogastra Burmeister, ¢, Cachoeira C 27. For comparison with Rhodopygia hollandi as possible example Fic. 155. Lazs pudica Hagen, 2 , Chapada. % ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, VOL. VI. PEATE ix. cane Ty a A Ta \ SOUTH AMERICAN ODONATA IV. DEINOSUCHUS! HATCHERI,’? A NEW GENUS AND SPEpneiho OF CROCODILE, FROM THE JUDITH RIVER BEDS OF MONTANA. By W. J. HOLLAND. Upon the occasion of the geological reconnaissance undertaken fommtly by Mr. IT. W. Stanton and Mr. J..B. Hatcher under the auspices of the United States Geological Survey in the summer Or the year 1903, Mr. Hatcher found on Willow Creek, -three miles west of Nolan and Archer’s ranch, in Fergus County, Montana, some fragmentary remains lying upon the surface of the soil. He picked up a couple of scutes, which he brought back with him to the Carnegie Museum, and at the same time referred them provisionally to Stereocephalus tutus Lambe.* Mr. W. H. Utterback was sent to the locality by Mr. Hatcher in the fall of 1903 with instructions to thoroughly explore the spot, and recover whatever could be found. Mr. Utterback only succeeded in finding two vertebrz, one cervical rib, one fairly complete dorsal rib, fragments of other dorsal ribs, an os pubis, a large number of scutes, some of them quite perfect, and several hundred fragments of bones, some of them no doubt belong- ing to the skull, others to the vertebrz and ribs, but all of them so badly broken, and a few even water-worn, that it is impossible to refer them with any degree of certainty to their true position. The verte- bree and the ribs upon examination conclusively demonstrated, as the writer pointed out to Mr. Hatcher, that the animal was a huge croco- dile. Mr. Hatcher immediately lost interest in the material, and though on several occasions urged to figure and describe the bones, turned from them to other things, which at the time possessed greater interest, and then came his untimely and melancholy end. In 1905 Professor S. W. Williston urged the writer to describe the specimen, but, though the work was begun, it is only recently that the ' devvoc = terrible; covyxoc = crocodile. 21 take pleasure in naming the species after my associate and friend, the late Mr. John Bell Hatcher, who was the discoverer of the specimen, 3 Contributions to Canadian Paleontology, Vol. III, pp. 55 e¢ seg. C/. Barnum Brown, Bul/..Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXIV, pp. 187-201. 2381 282 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. writer has found time to complete the brief sketch of these interesting remains, which is here given. The type (No. 963 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Vertebrate Fos- sils) consists of two vertebrz ; a cervical rib; the first dorsal rib of the left side; fragments of several other dorsal ribs; an os pubis; twenty-five scutes in fairly good condition, and numerous fragments of others ; and in addition several hundreds of comminuted fragments of vertebra, ribs, and bones of the skull, which furnish no contacts, and defy efforts to successfully collocate them. Some of these fragments are more or less water-worn, and consist simply of bits of bone which were for the most part found by Mr. Utterback upon the surface, where the skeleton had been weathered out, and trodden under foot. Some of them suggest that they have been exposed to the action of fire, and this might well have been the case when prairie-fires swept over the spot. Generic characters of Detnosuchus so Pt. as known. Great size, exceeding that of any other representative of the Crocodilia thus far described from North America.* Scutes massive and pos- sessing great vertical height in comparison with their breadth, many of the smaller scutes being almost hemispherical, and some of the smallest subglobose. Pubis straighter and less deeply excavated posteriorly than in recent crocodilia. view of left side of of : seven e a oneal Extremities of dorsal spines of vertebrae broad vertebra of D. hatch. transversely and thickened for attachments, much ert. 4 nat. size. more so than in existing genera. ‘The postzyga- pophyses of the vertebrae: more nearly on the same plane as the transverse processes and not looking outwardly as much as in other crocodiles. Fieh 1 *oLateral SEVENTH (?) DoRSAL VERTEBRA. (C. M. Cat. Vert Foss., No. 2§3.) The specimen, which almost beyond a doubt is the seventh in the’ dorsal series, is the better preserved of the two vertebrae which were recovered. It is proccelous. At the extremities of the transverse ‘The writer has carefully examined and inquired in various museums at home and abroad and has been unable to find in any of them the fossil remains of any crocodile from North America equaling in size those here reported upon. HOLLAND: CROCODILE FROM MONTANA. 283 processes it shows the articulating surfaces for the ribs. It is a very massive bone and the dorsal spine is broad above, being greatly Fic, 2. Anterior view of seventh (?) dorsal vertebra of D. hatchert. size. 5 pee) = thickened transversely for attachment to adjacent structures. The postzygapophyses do not look as strongly outwardly as in the recent crocodilia, the under surfaces lying at their outer extremities nearly Fic. 3. Posterior view of seventh (?) dorsal vertebra of D. hatchert. 4 nat. size. in the same plane as the upper surface of the transverse processes. Three views of the vertebra are given in Figures 1-3. DIMENSIONS. Extreme width from tip to tip of transverse processes. .............+5 680 mm. gieight irom bottom of centrum to tip of spine... .......:.....00-s0e. ZLO) $4 Extreme length across zygapophyses......... nae Pte R tee Pe ena Sen Poo, * Length of centrum at middle......... BADE waa riswth jecooeeueeate eae TAGES Length of centrum along floor of neural canal................2..0000 L2G Menicaldiameter of Centrum i) {LOM .... 0 ace ..ancasescceecsesisencenace E22 ransverse diameter of centrum: in front, . 01... ...c0c0.0s.ssncnsersacdes H22./8! Mertical.diameter of. centrum: behind .......c.ccccseocs saeccvscdsoncesesss TIO. ¢§ 284 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE’ MUSEUM. Transverse diameter ofcentrom, behind’ .(7.2,.0/ccsscc-cs-c une eeeeeeeee 95 mm Vertieal diameter, of) nevral-canals':...o2 2 -.<-sarta deans date een epee Transverse diameter of neural: canal)... <0..4..0: sox oese eee eee 35 Height of ‘spine above neural ‘canal. .2ag 5 so os.c-o ee ee ros Height of spine above postzygapophysesS...................- ded dames 3) aaOG mee Height of spinévabove prezygapophyses.......descen-imise sess sees eee Lah Antero: posterior diameter of. spine at base...222..-2.-...1-:-<-peeee rio Antero-posterior diameter of ‘spine. at top: 02: 40). a. 1.50. selene eee By Transverse diameter of spine at base posteriorly...................0+0 oN Transverse diameter of spine at base anteriorly................2ceceees SD cre Transverse diameter of Spine at top i25..acsnss--.a5--2a-e sae ee te Distance across postzypapophyses:..-.ciksssase-cee ers eee. eee ea Distance across prezygapophyses at their ae ase ecielsiand 00s ee 230 ‘ Last LUMBAR VERTEBRA. (C.-M. Cat. Vert. Foss., No, 283. The vertebra under consideration is not so well preserved as the one — described in the preceding paragraph, but the extremity of the left — transverse process is sufficiently complete to show — that it did not carry ribs. I assign it with doubt to the position of the last member of the lumbar series on account of the manner in which the spine and postzygapophyses overhang backwardly. If — not that it must be one or the other of the two vertebrze immediately preceding. In general ap- pearance it is not unlike the seventh (?) vertebra already described, except that the transverse proc- esses are much narrower and the left, which is well Fic. 4. Lateral preserved, shows no articular surfaces at the end. view of the left side The spine has a much smaller antero-posterior Se aes diameter at the top than the seventh dorsal and ~ eri. 4 nat. size. its posterior margin is placed more decidedly caudad than in that vertebra. Fig. 4 shows the left side of the vertebra, which is the more complete, and which may be com- pared with the corresponding view of the seventh dorsal. DIMENSIONS. Extreme width from tip to tip of transverse processes*.......... 670 (?) mm, Height from bottom of centrum to tip of spinef.................. 320:a2 4 55 * The right transverse process is broken; the measurement given represents twice — the distance from the middle of the spine to the end of the left transverse process. + The top of the spine appears to be broken, and may not quite represent the true ~ length in life. te HOLLAND: CROCODILE FROM MONTANA. 285 Mememe length across; ZysapophyseS. .....cs.. sik). ccccecedeseoeeeds tase 160 —- mm Ma ae PeN IN GE MTA. 555... 02s. 05scneen'endariendcvesiewacatevcegces Teo 0 Length of centrum along floor of neural canal.................0..0c00e Gpise- 9 menveal-diameter of centrum in front........5....ccaccccececsevcssecessce 130 a Transverse diameter of centrum in front .................ccescsecccesees 105 By manienl diameter of centrum behind ..............008.s.scacecdocdeceeess PROCS ieramsverse diameter of centrum behind..........0... ccc... c0csceesessers 85 up Meroe Giameter Of neural Canal... oi c..6 se. cecsceseeivswsoseeuaecctenes 53 a iwansverse diameter of neural canal. ...........ccssecosssaecscoeesvecse 35 a emir omspine above neural canal. ...... 00.0... ..0 cnc. dee ce secs once eten OLS ee Height of spine above postzygapophyseS...............ceeeeceeeseees i 0) eae Height of spine above prezygapophyses................ceececeeeeceeeees i a Antera-posterior diameter of spine at base...............cceceeseeeees Sac Cord mee mmtero-posterior diameter of Spine at top...........0.s.ceeceseeesecsenes 67 es Transverse diameter of spine at base posteriorly.................... 5 Zor mre Transverse diameter of spine at base anteriorly..............2....0.065 Trees PEP Ene GtaMCten Ol SpINe At TOPs iis. ... 00s li atdanee veeese sce ner seeee’s AQysia* PREPAC CrACKOSS POSLZYGAPOPN SES... y.c. 12... ences disceecncssdedeneecens 200) ns Distance across prezygapophyses at their base...... ..............68. 230) ae. CERVICAL RIB. (C. M. Cat. Vert. Foss., No. 283. ) A fairly well preserved specimen of the first cervical rib of the left side was found. At its proximal end it has been somewhat broken, but not enough to greatly diminish its length. Its proportions and general appearance are represented in Fig. 5, a representing the inner, and @ the outer surface of the bone. DIMENSIONS. ’ ees I UN ee ste a Nolen sins oo in cin dice ldo sn Sniomeledelad nash ee nc: 235 mm. Pericaratemsoxtiial Omid. 2 2. weceedece tse. stavecee recess shears BT ost Smallest widthat proximal end .5...1......226 see sesde.cdeesee 2573 Greatest wide, in distal -Walf... 2cocr i) oc. ik cSocgew coset canes e re SnaslUakuciist al ©StheMMILY./.3 422-30 cct socctaecetatevetessocess ses Le Pransverse diameter at) proximal end. 2.. 2.03 .cs.62s< cides ees Tonnes Mransverse diameter at distal end. ....5.0..ccisccecescueseoecee a DorsaL RIBs. (C. M. Cat. Vert. Foss., No. 2$3.) A fairly well preserved specimen of the first dorsal or thoracic rib of the left side was recovered. Its shape is represented in Fig. 6, 4 showing the posterior, and # the anterior surface of the rib. been broken about the middle of the shaft and was repaired in the It had 286 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. laboratory. The writer has been assured that the contacts within, HIG. 5. yi oF irst cervical rib of D. hatchert. 1 nat. size. a, inner sur- face: 6, outer sur- face. which are not now visible, justified the proportions which are shown by the specimen, but nevertheless is disposed to believe that the restored bone does not quite fully represent the entire length of the sternal part as it was in life. It is proportionately consid- erably shorter in its total length than the correspond- ing bone in other crocodilians. The relative length and shape of the capitulum and tuberculum is very like what is seen in the crocodiles of to-day. The tuberosity is well developed and directed forward and slightly more downward than in recent crocodilia. In addition to the specimen which is here figured there were found a number of fragments of ribs, one of them apparently the proximal end with the cap- itulum of the third thoracic rib of the left side; another evidently a piece of the upper portion of the first rib of the right side carrying the tuberosity, but lacking the capitulum and tuberculum, and still another which is apparently the Fic. 6. Seventh (?) dorsal rib of D. hatcheri. 1 nat. size. a, posterior sur- face; 4, anterior surface. proximal end of the fifth dorsal. A few fragments of the distal end of the ribs also occur in the mass of bones picked up by Mr. Utterback. _ aa HOLLAND: CROCODILE FROM MONTANA. 287 DIMENSIONS. ( First left dorsal rib. See Fig. 6.) Greatest length from end of tuberculum to distal extremity......... 460 mm. Distance from outer edge of tuberculum to extremity of capitulum,... 220 ‘<< Greatest width of rib over tuberosity............... OAR MERE Sor 6 SeremtestwiGthiof capitulum at nd ....6..c..scvecseceensecveorer ieevoenes Gone Antero-posterior diameter of capitulum at end..................ee0e00 ait be mestest width of tuberculum at End..........0...0s0scscsesescesssceccese SO: 4 eumtero-posterior diameter of tuberculum .......00.0... 0.0.0. ccceceeesans Bo) 4° reeresewicdtn, of distal end. Of TiD.:..c.c0ccetetsanceseeecceee Paneer Go) ¢* miteva-nasterio: diameter of ribat end..........05....ceces ercswocte eos Bib. ft THE Pusis. (C. M. Cat. Vert. Foss., No. 283.) A very well preserved specimen of the right pubic bone was re- covered. It agrees very closely in‘its general outline and proportions with the corresponding bone in recent crocodiles, but is somewhat less rounded on its distal margin and decidedly less excavated on its pos- Fic. 7. Right pubis of D. Aatchertz, About } nat. size. Figure on the left upper surface ; on the right lower surface. terior margin, at least when compared with the specimens of Cvrocod- fus and Alligator before me. It is represented in Fig. 7, the illustra- tion at the left of the cut showing the superior, and that on the right of the cut the inferior surfaces of the bone, the strongly curved, or excavated, side being the anterior margin. 288 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. DIMENSIONS. Distance from proximal extremity to distal extremity of posterior margin.... 287 mm. Distance from proximal extremity to distal extremity of anterior margin..., 223 ‘* Antero-posterior diameter of proximal end@2.7-2-20-4. «en -se eee asicteee 100 ** Vertical diameter of proximal: end. .2)1...2.20¢/2.-10s0escce «33=Ggeye 2.5 in head; snout 5; maxillary 1.7; interorbital space 3.3. Head somewhat compressed ; profile evenly rounded from the snout to first dorsal. Eye large; mouth large, oblique, maxillary reaching the posterior border of the orbit. Teeth small, in broad bands in each jaw. Teeth on vomer and palatines small. Preopercle with several teeth near the angle. Gillrakers slender, 10 on the lower half of first arch. First dorsal of six weak spines, the last one very small, — “sou “ds ‘1assOlg $7Zvzjass SUUDIPOT Keer i\d IA ISA ‘NNASNW JISSNYVO STVNNY EXPEDITION TO BRITISH GUIANA. 297 the first one five in the head. Anal similar to soft dorsal, its first spine very short, the second 3.3 in head. Ventrals reaching middle of the base of the anal. Color in spirits a pale brown. ‘Scales of the entire body with fine punctulations. A series of dots along the median row of scales. Snout and maxillary spotted; a dark streak extending back and upward from eye; a narrow longitudinal streak extending straight back from the eye and becoming much wider on the opercle ; a similar streak extending down and back from the eye. Dorsal, anal, and ventrals black. Pectorals pale, caudal blackish. This species is closely related to Apogonichthys puncticulatus, but differs from it in having no markings on the pectoral, and in having dark streaks extending from the eye. SERRANID. 17. Epinephelus adscensionis (Osbeck). C. M. Cat. No. 1208. 18. Bodianus fulvus (Linnzus). C. M. Cat. No. 1209. 19. Bodianus ruber (Bloch & Schneider). C. M. Cat. No. 1210. 20. Bodianus punctatus (Linneus). C. M. Cat. No. 1212. 21. Bodianus stellatus, sp. nov. Plate X. Type, 193 mm. (Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes, No. 1473.) St rOix. Bees, 14, A. il, 3; head 2%; depth 3°; eye.5..2,in head’; scales 9g to 12-84-25. Body moderately compressed, not much elevated. Head rather long ; profile with a concavity between the eyes ; snout 3% in the head. Lower jaw strongly projecting. ‘Teeth in rather broad bands, the inner series large and depressible. Anterior canines rather strong, one on each side, above and below. Maxillary extending beyond the pos- terior border of the orbit, its width at its distal end a little less than the diameter of the eye; preopercle finely serrate, the angle rounded, the serree not at all enlarged at the angle. Middle opercular spine nearer the lower than the upper, the lower and upper shorter than the middle one. Gillrakers 10, with about 5 rudiments in front of the angle. Head covered with fine cycloid scales. Dorsal originating slightly behind the base of the pectorals, third dorsal spine longest, 3.3 in head. Soft dorsal and the anal rounded. Second anal spine strong, about as long as the third ; caudal rounded. Color in spirits dark brown ; sides of the body and the fins covered 298 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. with darker spots; sides of the head with light spots, which have a dark center. This species is closely related to Bodianus teniops, but the spots on the head have a dark center and a pale instead of a black edge. LUTIANIDZ. 22. Neomenis griseus (Linnzus). C. M. Cat. No. 1212. 23. Neomenis mahogoni (Cuvier & Valenciennes). C. M. Cat. INO: 1273. 24. Ocyurus chrysurus (Bloch). C. M. Cat. No. 1214. a HAMULIDZ. 4 25. Hzmulon sciurus (Shaw). C. M. Cat. No. 1216. 26. Hemulon-plumieri (Lacépéde). C. M. Cat. No. 1217. 27. Hemulon flavolineatum (Desmarest). C. M. Cat. No. 1218. i, 18. Bathystoma rimator (Jordan & Swain). C. M. Cat. No. @ W210. GERRID&. 29. Eucinostomus pseudocula (Poey). C. M. Cat. No. 1220. 30. Xystemacinereum (Wahlbaum). Fresh-waters of Barbadoes. Co MGat: Nor 4 ae POMOCENTRID&. 31. Eupomacentrus leucostictus (Miiller & Troschel). C. M. Cat.No. 1 220, 32. Abudefduf saxatilis (Linneus). C. M. Cat. No. 1222. 33. Chromis marginatus Castelnau. Plate XI. 43mm, SE? IM CathwNor TAFoe Sterol The specimens closely resemble specimens of Crzromis marginatus collected by Mr. J. D. Haseman in Bahia, C. M. Cat. No. 2056. LABRID. 34. Harpe rufa (Linneeus).. CMs Cat.No. T2238: 35. Iridio bivittatus (Bloch). C.M. Cat. No. 1224. , 36. Iridio kirschi Jordan & Evermann. C. M. Cat. No. 1225. 37. Chlorichthys nitidus (Giinther). C. M. Cat: No. 1226. SCARIDE. 38. Scarus croicensis (Bloch). C. M. Cat. No. 1227. 39. Scarus teniopterus Desmarest. C. M. Cat. No. 1228. Plate XI. ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Vol. VI. tus Castelnau. MAF QUA “OMS Ch) iv pat EXPEDITION TO BRITISH GUIANA. 299 4o. Sparisoma aurofrenatum (Cuvier & Valenciennes). C. M. mat NO. 1220. 41. Sparisoma abildgaardi (Bloch). C. M. Cat. No. 1230. 42. Sparisoma flavescens (Bloch & Schneider). C. M. Cat. No. E221. 43. Sparisoma xystrodon Jordan & Evermann. C. M. Cat. No. £232. CHATODONTIDA. 44. Cheetodon striatus Linnzus. C. M. Cat. No. 1233. 45. Chetodon capistratus Linnzus. C. M. Cat. No. 1234. 46. Holocanthus tricolor (Bloch). C. M. Cat. No. 1236. 47. Holocanthus lunatus, sp. nov. Plate XII, fig. 1. Type unique, 19 mm. (Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes, No. Bae5.) st. Croix. pee aoe. Til, 13; head: 2.8; depth 1.73 eyes2.75 in head. Body ovate, compressed, greatly elevated. Head moderate in size and rounded ; profile regularly curved from the first dorsal to the tip of the snout. Snout prominent. Mouth small, a long, strong spine at the angle of the preopercle, a few minute ones above it. Scales imbricate, exposed portion with many fine parallel lines, which end in fine points, making the scales exceedingly ctenoid. Soft dorsal and anal angulate. Caudal convex. Ground color in spirits dark brown with four vertical pale bands, the first pale band beginning at the front of the spinous dorsal and ex- tending across the opercle in front of the pectorals to the base of the ventrals ; the second band extends from the fifth dorsal spine to the vent ; the third from the front part of soft dorsal spine to the vent ; the fourth just in front of the base of the caudal ; area between first and second bands partly light in color; frontal area and head in front of eye white. TEUTHID. 48. Teuthis ceruleus (Bloch & Schneider). C. M. Cat. No. 237. 49. Teuthis hepatus Linneus. C. M. Cat. No. 1238. 50. Teuthis bahianus (Castelnau). C. M. Cat. No. 1239. BALISTID. 51. Balistes vetula Linneus. C. M. Cat. No. 1240. i a as ~— : ( 300 ANNALS OF THE CARNEIGE MUSEUM. MONOCANTHID&. 52. Alutera punctata Agassiz. C. M. Cat. No. 1241. 53. Monocanthus ciliatus (Mitchell). C. M. Cat. No. 1242. TETRADONTIDA. 54. Spheroides asterias sp. nov. Plate XII, Fig. 2. Type 28 mm. (Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes, No. 1475.) Sta Crorm: Cotypes, .2 specimens, 18 and 21 mm. (J. U. Cat\Nosieeaes D. 10; A. 93 P..14; head 2.3.(3.1 in the total len@ihssmeusees in the head; eye 3,5» interorbital 2.6. Head large spromleponanme snout concave. Nostrils nearer the eye than to the tip of the snout ; mouth very small ; opercular cleft very short, almost vertical. Entire body, except the snout and the caudal peduncle, covered with prickles. Dorsal rather high, 2.6 in head, its origin slightly in front of anal. Sides of the head and upper parts of the body with small round black- ish dots, which form more or less longitudinal rows or streaks. Belly. paler than upper parts, with spots less distinct, these not seen in some specimens; dark streaks radiating from eye like the rays of an aster ; pectoral dusky, with a dark bar at the base. Caudal margin black, inner rays pale ; a dark median ventral line. This species closely resembles Spherordes testudineus. It differs in having a larger eye and the margins of the caudal black. MALACANTHIDA. 55. Malacanthus plumieri (Bloch). C. M. Cat. No. 1215. GOBIIDA. 56. Eleotris pisonis (Gmelin). C. M. Cat. No. 1245. 57. Gobius lyricus Girard. C. M. Cat.cNo. 1246. GOBIESOCID#. 58. Gobiesox cephalus Lacépéde. Georgetown Market. C. M. Cat. No: 147.1. ee Se eee we ate TO Pork Se. ee eee 5? ye ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Vol. VI. Plate XII Fig. 1. Holocanthus lunatus Blosser, sp. nov. Fig. 2. Sfpherordes astertas Blosser, sp. nov. / | i ‘ ‘ : ieee ihe Sew ~~ Il. 6 fi & IV. CONTENTS Editorial Notes : é é : ae ers ‘i Reports on the Expedition to British Guiana of the Indiana University and the Carnegie Museum, 1908. Report No. 1. By Cari H. EIGRNMANN » Reports on the Expedition to British Guiana of og Indiana University and the Carnegie Museum, — 1908. Report No. 2. By Marion’ LEE DuRBIN ‘ Contributions to a Knowledge of the Odonata of the Neotropical Region, Exclusive of Mexico and Cen- oe tral America. By Puivip P. CaLvert . © 2. - Deinosuchus hatcheri, a New Genus and Species of Crocodile from the Judith River Beds of Montana. By W. J. HOLLAND. 281 vr Reports on the Expedition to British Guiana of the Indiana University and the Carnegie Museum, 1908. Report No. 3. By Curistian B. BLOssER . 295 4 a 7 7 ae - Ses Fs is raf ‘ {< K a KY a cay ue ye ) - Publications of the Carnegie Museum ANNALS OF a VOL. VI. Serial No. 60 “CARNEGIE MUSEUM Nos. “Gh <1T) anne LV: » Sh a : a Ps t do sam J ‘ / 5 reaN y A “4 } 12494 4 LN > er f i\ % Py Ant t 9 irs Be @ | \' 4; Ce » ba ; YOCuUe ~ Wed Sh t y % “ j [o~ em SJ ee be “cur GD Now 8 CA Cae AS 2 ae sree = ee _ For sale by Messrs. Wm. Wesley & Sons, 28 Essex St. Strand, London, England; ey, Messrs. R. Friedlander u. Sohn, 11 Carlstrasse, Berlin, N. W. 6., Germany; and at the Carnegie Musev, Schenley Park, Pittsburgh, Pa., U. S. A. PUBLICATIONS OF THE CARNEGIE MuSEUM SERIAL No. 60 NIN eS OF THE men NEGIE MUSEUM Wome vie “Nos. fl TE anp: DV: W. J. HOLLAND, Laitor PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHORITY OF THE BoaRD OF TRUSTEES OF THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE AUGUST, I910 PRESS OF THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY LANCASTER, PA. ONE CeG Bie MeRNEGIE MUSEUM VOLUME VI. NOS. 2-3. EDITORIAL NOTES. THE collections of birds belonging to the Museum have been en- arged by the acquisition of a fine series of the birds of the Bahaman Islands collected by Mr. W. W. Worthington during the late winter and spring of the present year. Mr. Worthington visited all of the islands and succeeded in obtaining specimens of all the species which have hitherto been recorded from the islands, as well as a new species, which has been described by Mr. W. E. C. Todd as Dendroica flavescens in the Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, Vol. XXII, pp. 171-172. There have also been received considerable collections of birds from eastern Bolivia taken by Mr. José Steinbach. Mr. M. A. Carriker, Jr., sailed from New York on July the 29th in order to take up the work of collecting birds for the Museum in north- western South America. He will first explore the valley of the Ori- noco, working westward and southward. Mr. JosePpH A. SANTENS is engaged in mounting a number of very life-like groups of our native birds in their nesting positions. A special effort was made this spring to secure good specimens of some of the birds, which are rarely seen on their nests except by careful observers. Among the groups in course of preparation is that of a pair of sharp- shinned hawks upon the nest, a group of green bitterns upon their nest, and a group of cliff-swallows associated with Phcebes, which were found amicably living together. 301 302 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. / Mr. O. A. PETERSON is continuing his work in Sioux County, western Nebraska, devoting himself to the task of securing a quantity of the remains of the extinct Camelidz. At the end of July he reports himself as having found quite a number of skeletons beautifully com- plete and in perfect condition, which he is taking up as rapidly as he can. Mr. Earl Douglass is hard at work in western Colorado and eastern Utah, and reports himself as successful in his labors. He has found a considerable quantity of intereresting dinosaurian material, which at his last writing was engaging his attention. He is also con- tinuing his work in the Uinta Basin. Mr. Percy E. Raymond is hard at work upon the local invertebrate faunze found at various horizons in the vicinity of Pittsburgh. He has recently found some reptilian remains, which have been referred to Professor E. C. Case for study and determination. THE making of the two replicas of the Diplodocus, one intended for the emperor of Austria and the other for the king of Italy, has been completed. They have been shipped, and at the time that these pages pass through the press the Director will be in Vienna engaged in installing the first specimen. ‘The specimen presented to the king of Italy by Mr. Carnegie will be installed in the Aldrovandi Museum at Bologna in October. It will not be possible to complete the replica intended to be placed in the Grand Hall of Conference of the Impe- rial Academy of Sciences at St. Petersburg this fall. The replica can- not be completed until the spring of rg1o. Work upon the cabinets in the entomological laboratory has been pushed forward as rapidly as possible. Thirty cabinets, capable of holding two thousand seven hundred drawers, have thus far been erected. The material for as many more has been gotten out and they will be assembled as rapidly as possible. It is hoped by the Director on his return from Europe to find that this work has been advanced very near to completion. When it has been concluded the work of building the cabinets for the Section of Invertebrate Zodlogy, and more partic- ularly for the conchological collections, will have to be taken up. DurIncG the absence of the Director in Europe the administration of the affairs of the office will devolve largely upon his Assistant, Mr. Douglas Stewart, who is in possession of full instructions from the Director as to his plans and purposes. a i is i ) ' 5 EDITORIAL NOTES. 3038 THE Editor of the ANNALS sailed from New York on the morning of August 21st, and reached London on the evening of the 28th. Monday, the 30th of August, was spent at the British Museum of Natural History. After a brief visit to Amsterdam, Munich, and Prague, where the museums of zodlogy and paleontology were thor- oughly studied and a number of the leading paleontologists of Europe were met, Vienna was reached. A cordial reception from Dr. Franz Steindachner, the Intendant of the K. K. Hofmuseum and his asso- ciates was encountered, and the proofs of the ANNALS, pp. 301-312, were received and have been corrected. Wf HOLLAND. VIENNA, AUSTRIA, Sept. 8, 1909. VI. PRELIMINARY DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW. OTHERES FROM THE UINTA DEPOSITS. By EARL DOUGLASS. The writer, with an assistant, Mr. J. F. Goetschius, spent the sum- mer of 1908 collecting fossils in the Uinta Basin in eastern Utah and western Colorado. The principal object of the expedition was the acquisition of Upper Eocene vertebrates and the extension of our knowledge of the geology of the region and the sequence of the extinct mammalian faunze. About thirteen years had elapsed since the last collecting party had visited the Uinta deposits, and the underlying Ter- tiary formations had never been carefully explored. The Director of the Carnegie Museum, Dr. William J. Holland, made it possible to conduct the expedition as the present writer believed it should be conducted, and by dint of thorough and persistent search it was successful in securing a large collection of mammals and reptiles from several different levels of the Uinta deposits through a thickness of 700 feet, or more, of strata. The collections came prin- cipally from Horizon ‘‘B’’ of Peterson, and probably, as a rule, from lower levels than those from which previous collections had been made. This undoubtedly accounts for the fact, that, as the fossils are removed from the matrix, a large proportion of them are seen to belong to un- described species, or exhibit some differences from those which have been previously described. On account of the large amount of work to be done at the Museutl and the condition of the specimens from the Uinta deposits the work of clearing the fossils from the matrix has proceeded slowly, and only a small portion of the material is ready for study. As the absence of the writer during the summer will suspend the work in the laboratory, and as Professor Henry F. Osborn, who is preparing a memoir on the Titanotheres, says that it is especially important that we should know more of the Upper Eocene members of that family, it is thought best to publish ashort description of some of those which present new char- acters. Had it not been for the kindness of Professor Osborn in allowing 304 DouGLass: TITANOTHERES FROM UINTA DEPOSITs. 305 me the free use of his specimens and drawings of the Z7¢anotheride and for Mr. Wm. K. Gregory’s valuable assistance in the comparison and determination of specimens, even this preliminary paper could not have been prepared at this time. Telmatherium ? incisivum sp. nov. (PEARE XIE FIG. 1:7) (No. 2398 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Vertebrate Fossils. } A skull lacking the ends of the nasals. From a thick deposit of sandstone and small gravel evidently of stream origin, near the middle of horizon ‘“‘ B,’’ about three miles northeast of Well 2, Uinta Basin, Utah. I think that this skull represents a different genus from Ze/matherium, y Ss i LL ip i f Y SSS EF Fig. 1. Superior View of Skull of 7. (7) czzctstvum Douglass. (+4 nat. size.) but I prefer to place it provisionally here rather than establish another genus. ‘The skull is broad and short, but not high. The forehead is broad and flat. The premaxillaries are oblique, not transverse. The face is short and concave. Apparently there are vacuities anterior to the orbits. Beneath these there is a rounded angle on the malar, but there is no flattened shelf beneath the orbit. The zygomatic arch is spreading and moderately heavy. ‘The sagittal crest is quite high and thin. The superior wings of the occiput are also thin. The brain- case is small; the outward projecting zygomatic processes of the squamosals shelf-like, and broad antero-posteriorly. The paroccipital 306 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. processes extend laterally, and are continuous with the paramastoid processes posterior to the external auditory meatus and the postglenoid \ Ni ( (i ( as y \\ ( ! a mii Se \ Ms, ; Sn oe Fic. 2. Palatal View of Skull of 7. (?) cuctstvum Douglass. (+ nat. size.) process. The anterior portion of the opening of the posterior nares The teeth in- is between the anterior portions of the last molars. crease quite regularly in size from P2 to M2. The premolars have dh Netter —y or. puch Ny Lateral View of Skull of 7. (2) zzczstvum Douglass. 3 nat. size. ) Fic. 3. heavy cingula. The deuterocones on P# and P2 are oblong antero- posteriorly while that on P+ is high and conical. This skull was discovered by Mr. J. F. Goetschius. MEASUREMENTS, Mm. Length of skull, basal:...... ....ccaecesosses.dvnpsceaasdessuaokh cue chee sen 490 Widithr Gf sskoa sn oo s00 8 SoBe ie hav cle ernie toons so vena cere etal ean 330 205 ee rt DouGLass: ‘TITANOTHERES FROM UINTA DEPOSITS. 307 Mm ESE EE IMONAT=PLEMOLAL SETIES.. 4 ncccisewaasiecvacsssnsvsiesscesicccee ses pee senes 212 TG ATHICLOL OF Men 25 ocean ar ge cens cad cs scree dtheivesecescevetnecnecesena 21 BEM OSFerion CiaMmeter Of ery cic. ce wcocecnssonoococencensscossoescecsncees 22 28S SIS GUGM ICY 0) i ee 27 Peers eM OrClaMiCter Of [2a io. 5... 2. ses ccner ao cceens vans scisia sve secesiecie 25 SMe MAI AMVCLC GOL eee ci ciraidnwininia dante cbetelwagenerisn sions sods ecnrenieed ey cnses 22 PETITE HON CVAMELCE OF ee force. a ooaeieincln waite usnenesaeecsiewnsatec ces 25 PR SHEESE CTAIMELEY OF CANINE: yicccciecieodvedewcceseepeesesacssedcversavercceves 24 Antero-posterior diameter of canine........... HaPaavasawamcendscineasigeciwess ss 27 Bem ae er iaMCler Ol Les .5... kscceacrscekae vg wecee teu sdsce ses detivdence redes teas 22 PeUSEMPISTERION CIAMETCTIOL OF 2.2.5 toi oriceeies)n sidecases sosenvap'enas sia stieceene 20 Rene eT IS CYON hs ocx: cles coicisln cS aicisinrew cus jwid sana Gee. sicissnicaenidsucees 30 Senaepostenion Giameter Of Per o.oo. pec ke eos stccrentseerensenecvoarecss 24 em e TON GVATINGLED Ole Fe. ga. -aaieinaics civoe ot 2 ssweisitin.g vlgige Wie tai eeeiese geese sane 37) PUP DOSPEMON CIAMICLED Of PA oo cn certs. m nits se nsi'sjouscvesewaccseeiiee sienincs 27 Mee LGTAINE TEI OOM VE i oon e cate asd cnleme ces tea chales )eet4res ee 51 Width of palate between canines ?........0-:. sosenscace oat sees eh ee 68 Width of palate between first premolars. ......... ....... «..-1-/s:0 sn 54 Width of palate between last molars. ..-..1.:....s00, «222. -2seeen eee 83 Dolichorhinus heterodon sp. nov. (PEATE X TM Iie, 3) (No. 2340 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Vertebrate Fossils. ) From upper part of horizon ‘‘B’’ or lower part of horizon "Cy six or seven miles northeast of Well 2, Uinta Basin, Utah. The skull is long, narrow, and moderately high. ‘The face is short and the brain-case long. ‘The free nasals are long, the posterior open- ing of the anterior nares extending well backward toward the orbit. The lower border of the nasals approach each other, but this is prob- ably in part due to lateral crushing. The infraorbital foramen is large. The infraorbital shelf is represented by a protuberance, which = SZ ~ woe aS aE yy, SS =a 7 AIS wD Se Fe Ne eM ~7 4 ~* Fic. 6. Palatal View of Skull of D. heterodon Douglass. (+ nat. size.) is thickened on the free outer surface. If there were horn-cores above the orbit they were very small. The long brain-case was apparently _ arched from before backward, the posterior descent to the crest of the occiput being very steep, though this may be somewhat exaggerated by crushing. The occipital condyles are very large. ‘The median portion of the occiput above them is convex while above this there is a large concavity. The postglenoid processes are not excessively large. The premolars are small, the last being very decidedly smaller than the first molar. The first premolar is not preserved, but it was evi- dently a simple tooth. In the last three premolars there is a lobe o DouG.Lass: ‘TITANOTHERES FROM UINTA DEPOosSITs. Shall buttress on the antero-external portion of the tooth, which makes the anterior margin oblique. ‘The inner cusps (deuterocones) are low with rounded summits. They are more nearly opposite the postero-exter- nal than the antero-external cusp. There are inner cingula on P2 and P4,. The antero-internal cusp in M2 is quite high and M+ conical. q Fic. 7. Lateral View of Skull of D. heterodon Douglass. (4 nat. size. ) he postero-internal cusp is due simply to an increase in height of the cingulum. This skull was found by Mr. J. F. Goetschius. MEASUREMENTS. Mm Total length of top of skull from end of nasals to crest of occiput ........ 500 iombtanrenor of orbit to front Of nasalS. .... ....c:cccccceercocsesdes sccceteetee 160 From anterior of orbit to posterior part of narial opening to front ofnasals. 55 MENGE CALI eran. « eb of. Sach bo aise pine no's adel pals olieian'a vcls Pace Sedleeasiarsonsinnd os 128 MaMa TM@L OE C1 ON Gr to oa) safe o cis Btls eget Sodio 2 jen ip wn Cae aie a Se bes Velev ern eacevisies 140 eM At MOMMOlAT PreMOlAL SCTE... «ices coynsas ck covn ese. vatindeg veesrne nes ornene 190 SarE UP COeRP LENO AE SOLES 2 ac pcnqeeniacesnajat eno stoetdaniden dees see seltecesidewss 75 BE es O MEET) ASISCLIES) 2) see ts. co5 cid dc do eevee ahs Weacnmelueabte.Maleneh these ces 115 TEED G1 LBS eRe Aa tere cin Sa ane ee a ee 20 RSE MO eerie Pe cnet heh asst A eecd seer cedlsley stieew'kcdacis.ceetoasmiass any HO rete Set IGN NEE Rar: eee as em ae ee occ awat shove Sule vedo duse since oleate 21 ee eT roe cle Pa, Senet Gti esate eine ncs gras shade weateageavands sod sense 20 | SGD UR ©.) LORS) Saba Seats ce tae 2 Aa US ee tis Orme a eo 24 “CCC ee ee ier once BAL Nice ho) of es | 27 ength of Mie ctcii nnn SRE Sdn ne Oe PT OAEE Re eN tE Ret e 34 SO UNMPRDIN Ge IUE an a Dee a cen oo cape) gare aicsied ojos owe aoe tude Chiaje HORE nae oie 35 Sr MNEMU UTES EL Cm tee ae oN RSD ia ie dujeindclcio wii «bo 8.ha cits sated omen ciao wn 46 SPEER TEGO IM Vleet ed ree beet Psa cic cose ewok marion tebekane eA Se ace 42 ee CMM TV yet ers Wte® A ede nk USL bss dove ddiek Doeaces duatedet ndonitc bed reves 48 ELE TOLUIMIS or dos tena gti ane 8 ay ne en en ee 42 312 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Dolichorhinus longiceps sp. nov. (PLATE XITT, Fic, 2; PLATES XV AnD Wey (No. 2347 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Vertebrate Fossils. ) From the lowest level at which fossils were found in horizon ‘‘ B’’ of the Uinta, about 700 feet below the bottom of the Uinta red beds (horizon ‘‘C’’), about one and one-half miles east of Well No. 2, Uinta Basin, Utah. This skull in general outline is very much like that of Dolichorhinus hyognathus, though broader. In describing it I prefer to point out fie ~ Ze gE ——— \N\ NY \ \ { Wh! lh Ty “if Vy ( \ yi! Wi Hh ( (( i iy \ \ \'\ Ath WL GEE cs ea Yy gis. AA Y) YL YG = s Y COAL * eng ) see WI —] mi Wy / i Fic. 8, Superior View of Skull of D. /ongiceps Douglass. (4 nat. size.) the characters which distinguish it from that species. Apparently it — is somewhat broader proportionally than that of D. hyognathus. ‘The - skull is somewhat crushed, but it evidently was not flattened on top. The present specimen had no heavy protuberances or horn-cores, though there may have been the slightest beginning of such. There is a rather narrow shelf, or lateral expansion of the malars, with rounded outer borders, beneath the anterior portion of the orbit, but it is not like the infraorbital process of D. hyognathus. The postorbital hook does not appear to have been long or prominent. Evidently the zygo- matic arches extend laterally outward more than in the last-named species; the postglenoid processes are*not nearly so heavy; the palate is broader; the top of the cranium, though there is no zygo- matic arch, becomes narrower anterior to the crest of the occciput. The teeth are very similar to those of Dolichorhinus heterodon, so much so, that, if only the teeth were known, they might be referred to that species. They, as well as the skull, are larger. ’ Douc.Lass: ‘TITANOTHERES FROM UINTA DEPOSITS. MEASUREMENTS. PAIUDRCUMCOM OL SU doce cece ccawcevateeceacsssoscccesenstaan corese PECTIC ASAI Se eh ce, witon dns ce sa seln dae. cvscives vce cte dea Coane sass Length of skull posterior to anterior portion of orbit............... Mirai of skull at elenoid articular surface.....:.......00...cceeee00s emimaerin(taorbital Shelves: oc... .ccccecvces.csecsdeetesecetarsecesenes emeemet molar premolar SEVIS... ...205csc0cc-oscccscncedes seneedves PE AMeCe SLeMIOIAL SELES. «0.50.6 sac cees ccs snesseseasn ais ossetecoseawens PRE MP IIRC ESTNIO IAT SCLIES cc ..c 0602. scicsees'. Soccqes ge vcnese ae tessa cvcesoeasad MN ee ire aie rad Cane aes aed a oe raised cbwonpede dees avees i eo oo ag vin visi ecicSuneie iu ber binlinbelnie otisn bal Held dhe te iaed e ee MCRD age ie ee Soya aalsiain edd foie Pa vad Yon Ping neice edad wes Res wads Neer SA ee It oh rds a Sede gecicin needa Sop ater ho Se MEIN leeches sscincls be Sante wav pees aeean, oe eee dale Sdbsewnss AAO GILLING Re eee SRS Sede eto es eee eNOS Mee ote oie dessin sissies bo Cow cea twee cMe dee bevoss sobSetleckneiine CT LOL GY JPEScs G2 aad Se et a ea ae Pee ea UR OM Ee eres cee | ats cones Sas dae ee Glaimcasdsvdeleasees aizc - Be Ota NIA DOUG. 2 tacacativa gas st cacendearetoniee' iene des migseetedoaissabiags ee ie cio craic as otis as wa dls aacow Satin Sol cages suds sepacws oeeecns A OXG ITSO) 2 ier eee a cle oeialate WEG Ey Wi Sania Misr MmON MOM Gat ieie a fiisdh cee oon eae saineesite secdmabanneelneetae weds se PMeMeRON Ne Oe Lee halsat se edoeaensenee ds PERNT oak sic cahe 313 VIL. AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE BIRDS ew COSTA RICA’ INCLUDING ‘COCOS ISLAnNim By M. A. CARRIKER, JR. PREFATORY NOTE. The nomenclature used throughout this work is the latest and most authentic which I have been able to secure, no names being used unless proposed and approved by the leading ornithologists of this country and Europe. I have followed the rules of nomenclature as adopted by the American Ornithologists’ Union, using the Tenth Edition of Linnzeus as a basis, and following the system of trinomial names which has been generally adopted by American ornithologists and also by most of the more prominent of the European systematists, There will doubtless be changes made by Mr. Ridgway in the names of the families upon which he has not yet published, but such ch are taking place all the time and are unavoidable. | I have endeavored to cite under each species all references to liter- ature which refers directly to Costa Rican specimens, or to critical — notes on the same, whether such specimens came from Costa Rica or not, providing they have a bearing on the name of the species as it is — now determined to be. I have also given all localities at which specimens of each species have been taken when such locality names have not been published in connection with the identical specimens cited. Thus I have cited the specimens in the Collection of the United States National Museum, in Mr. Lankester’s Collection, in Mr. Bangs’ Collection, and in the Col- lection of the Carnegie Museum, whenever a record of those specimens — has not already been published. Notes on breeding, with descriptions of nests and eggs, are given whenever they are of my own collecting, together with something on the habitat and habits of each species, whenever anything worthy of record has been observed. I have endeavored to give a brief summary of the history of the ornithology of this most interesting country; a description of the country from a geographical standpoint ; something on the distribution of bird-life in general; and a tentative arrangement of the different — 314 CARRIKER: LIsT OF THE BIRDS or CosTA RICA. 315 life-zones of the country, so far as my experience has enabled me to determine them. With the hope that what I have attempted to set forth in this paper may be of some assistance to students of ornithol- ogy, I respectfully submit it to those to whom it may be of interest. GEOGRAPHY AND PHYSIOGRAPHY. The little Central American Republic of Costa Rica lies almost entirely between the parallels of 8° and 11° N. Latitude, has an extreme length of two hundred and fifty miles, and an extreme width of one hundred and fifty miles, with an area of about twenty thousand square miles. The greater portion of the country is very mountainous, there being but narrow coastal plains on both sides, ranging in width from almost nothing to twenty-five or thirty miles in the northeastern part. In fact the whole of the northern portion is comparatively flat and low, draining into the San Juan River and Lake Nicaragua. ‘The drainage system is complicated, large streams being numerous, especially on the Caribbean slope. All these rivers have their sources high in the mountains, are fed by many branches, which, descending rapidly to the coastal plain, usually flow through deep narrow valleys, or gorges, separated from one another by abrupt forest-clad ridges. The divides, or watersheds, are usually very narrow; while in many cases the sources of streams flowing in opposite directions will overlap each other on the divide. ‘The drainage-system can best be understood by cen- sulting the map at the end of this paper. With few exceptions (these only on the Pacific slope) the whole country was, and still is, to a great extent densely wooded, the forests consisting of a great many species of trees of all sizes, some attaining enormous girth and height. The forests of the whole Caribbean watershed on account of the tremendous rainfall are much denser than those of the Pacific, that is to say, there is a much greater abundance of undergrowth, vines, and small trees, making the problem of pene- trating them very serious, and almost impossible without the free use of the machété. On the other hand the forests of the Pacific lowlands are usually quite free of entangling undergrowth, the trees are larger, taller, and closer together, while progress through them is compara- tively easy. The exceptions to the forest conditions are found in the peninsula of Nicoya, or more properly speaking in the region known as Guana- 316 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. caste, and in various parts of the Térraba Valley, where, especially in the former region, are great tracts of grass-land or ‘‘ Sabanas,’’ as they are called, with patches of woodland scattered over them. Berry- and fruit-trees abound at all altitudes, furnishing food throughout the year for the multitude of fruit-eating tanagers, finches, parrots, toucans, and trogons, while their blossoms give sustenance to a multitude of humming-birds. The tree, which throughout the tropics most attracts humming-birds, is one of the Leguminosze bearing bien- — nially great masses of fragrant tassel-like blossoms, which persist for some days before fading, while the blossoming extends over a period of more than two months. It is called the ‘‘ Guava.’’ The country is divided into two meteorological zones, one embracing the Caribbean watershed, and the other the Central plateau and Pacific watershed. On the Caribbean slope the rainfall is excessive and fairly continuous during the whole year, with an average annual precipitation of from two hundred to two hundred and thirty inches over the lower portions. ‘The seasons of greatest rainfall are from December 15 to January 15, and from June 15 to August 15; while from January 15 to March 15 there is usually very little rain, this being the coolest and | most delightful season of the year on the eastern slope. » As the higher parts of the watershed (exclusive of the high peaks) are approached, the rainfall becomes less, and conditions prevail, which approach more nearly those cf the Pacific slope and Plateau region. In the two last named regions very different conditions exist; there being six months of dry and six months of rainy season, the rains beginning about May 1st and ending with the last of November, while the balance of the year is entirely without rain. During the first and last months of the rainy season the fall is slight, and rarely every day, while during July, August, and October, it is of daily occurrence (during the afternoon only) and often of great violence. During the dry season high winds. prevail at all altitudes, but little, if any, wind blows during the wet months. Influenced by the continuous rain, the vegetation of the eastern slope naturally becomes much more luxuriant and insect-life more abundant than on the Pacific ; while bird-life, dependent as it is upon these two sources of food, is naturally very abundant, both as to species. and individuals ; there being probably not less than three hundred and ninety species and subspecies of land and fresh-water birds found in the lower portion of the Caribbean slope (up to 3,000 feet). eS ge CARRIKER? List OF THE BIRDS OF CosTs RICA. eal GP The high peaks, rising above the regions of the central plateau, constitute quite a distinct life-zone, reaching as they do to an altitude of from eight to eleven thousand feet. ‘The principal peaks are the volcanoes, Poas, Barba, Irazt, and ‘Turrialba, grouped together in the central portion of the country, and Pico Blanco and Rovalo in the southeastern part, while between these are many unnamed ranges, the summits of which attain an altitude of from seven to eight thousand feet. . The main continental range extends from the extreme northwestern corner, where it is low, to the east central portion, increasing in height and ending ina chain of volcanoes, the last of which is Turrialba. Here there is a break formed by two deep, broad valleys, the Reven- tazon from the Caribbean and the Rio Grande de Tarcoles from the Pacific, the sources of which are within a half mile of each other at the narrow divide known as ‘‘E] Alto,’’ which has an elevation of but five thousand feet. Practically the whole of the country to the southeast of these valleys is an unbroken expanse of mountain, valley, river, and jungle, with few inhabitants, except the nondescript and rapidly diminishing Indians. There are no reliable maps of the region and but little is known con- cerning the avifauna outside of the Sicsola Valley on the Caribbean and the Térraba Valley on the Pacific slope. On the western side are several more or less isolated groups of moun- tains, ranging in altitude from four to eight thousand feet, the prin- cipal being the Cerro de Santa Maria (2,000 to 4,000 feet) in the upper part of Guanacaste ; the Aguacate Mountains, lying just back of Puntarenas (2,000 to 5,000 feet) ; the Dota Mountains, farther to the south (2,000 to 8,000 feet) ; another (unnamed) lying between the Rio Grande de Térraba and the Pacific coast and lastly a small range in the Peninsula de Osa, outside the Golfo Dulce. The principal rivers of the Caribbean slope are the Zapote, Frio, San Carlos, Sarapiqui, Sucio, and Toro Amarillo, emptying directly or indirectly into Lake Nicaragua or the San Juan River, while the Reventazon, Pacuare, Matina, Banana, Estrella, and Sicsola empty into the Caribbean. On the Pacific slope the streams are fewer, but larger. North of the Gulf of Nicoya there is but one of any impor- tance, the Tempisque, which drains the whole of the northwestern portion of the country and empties into the head of the Gulf of Nicoya. The Barranca and Grande de Tarcoles empty into the eastern 318 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. side of the Gulf, while south of that come the Grande de Pirris and lastly the Diquis or Rio Grande de Térraba, which drains a very large area, and is the only Costa Rican River with a delta, having five mouths opening directly into the Pacific Ocean. THE LIFE-ZONES. In attempting a study and definition of the life-zones of this region and their proper correlation with those of North and South America, almost insurmountable obstacles are encountered in the beginning, because of our exceedingly fragmentary knowledge of the lacal distri- bution of life in Costa Rica. It is quite true that we have fairly com- plete lists of the birds, mammals, and plants of most of the Central American countries, but so little importance has been attached by col- lectors in general to the significance of altitude and humidity, that — very little has been recorded which tends to throw light on some of the more obscure points. _ Carelessness in labelling has tended to ren- der matters more confusing. There is no question that Dr. Merriam has solved the fundamental problems of the distribution of life and the life-zones in North America, and his scheme is certainly the most satisfactory and feasible yet advanced. It is also quite certain that the distribution of a por- tion of the bird-life of Central America, with respect to altitude, has a direct correlation with the life-zones of North America. In Central America, however, we have a much more complicated state of affairs than in North America. Here are to be found representatives of the three great primal groups, which constitute the fauna of the northern half of the western hemisphere, the Boreal, the Sonoran, and the Tropical, the first two coming down from the north and the last coming up from the south, and all overlapping in Costa Rica. Some zones or belts of the ‘Tropical occupy exactly the same ground as some of the Sonoran, so that it is only by studying the affinities of the various species and determining whether they are modified Tropical or Sonoran forms, that we are able to account for their presence in certain regions and give a reasonable explanation of the finding of two widely different types in apparently the same zone. It is therefore with the hope of stimulating investigation along these | lines that the present tentative outline of the different life-areas, their origin and affinities, is attempted. The present uncertainty in regard to the real position of some of the neotropical species only adds to the CARRIKER *. LIST OF THE BIRDS OF Costa RICA. 319 difficulty, while some of the well known, wide-ranging species cannot be classed as characteristic of any one zone, it even being very uncer- tain whether they have originated from the Tropical or Boreal faunas. The geographical position and meteorological peculiarities of Costa Rica make possible the presence of the enormous bird-fauna to be found within its confines, at the same time greatly increase the diff- culty of a satisfactory disposition of many of the species with respect to the life-zones. The continent has narrowed down from three thou- sand miles in breadth to scarcely more than sixty at the narrowest part of Costa Rica, while within that sixty miles are crowded a diversity of climatic conditions, humidity, and altitudes scarcely to be paralleled on the face of the globe. The northern and southern forms of the Pacific and Caribbean low- lands here meet, and overlap; an arm of the Sonoran occupies the central plateau, a single remnant of the Canadian persists on the iso- lated peaks of a few high mountains, while the Tropical forms contest nearly all the territory with the Sonoran. With such a multitude of species and with so many diverse conditions brought into such close proximity, it is very evident that there must be a continual struggle for ascendancy between the types of the various life-zones, that many highly specialized forms only persist within their respective areas, while others more plastic, have adapted themselves to a wide diversity of environment and are to be found ranging over the whole of the respective zones of which they are typical, as well as penetrating into adjacent territory. Thus may be explained the persistent overlapping of birds from one zone in another and the presence of the so-called neutral belt lying between them. In defining these zones, these wide- ranging species must be quite ignored, and only those considered the ranges of which are limited to regions having some physical character- istic not found beyond that immediate locality, such as temperature, altitude, or humidity. The fact that certain zones extend to lower altitudes in some places than at others is largely influenced by ‘‘ slope exposure.’’ Where the slope of the mountain range is abrupt, from a point near sea-level, without intervening foothills or table-land, we find the Cordilleran forms descending to much lower altitudes than where such obstacles intervene, these hills or table-lands, when present, always tending to warm the slope to a higher altitude than would otherwise be the case. Localities with, or without, these conditions can be compared only 320 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. when on the same side of the continental divide, because condition of humidity are so different on the Pacific slope from those on the Caribbean. While the slope is much more gradual on the western side than on the eastern, the humidity is so much lower, that no rational comparison can be made. . Taking into consideration all of these factors, we may make the following classification of the life-zones and give some of the species most characteristic of each. Primary Areas. Regions. Zones or Belts. Altitude (Feet). Boreal anc cser: Boreal Mean acta eee Cariadian. 201552 .n.ac eee 10,000 to 11,000 é Sub-Timberline.,.:.. 3266 8,005 to 10,000 — Upper Sonoran,.9::.2: Upper’ Plateauss- 22, eee 5,000 to 8,000 SONMoraMme. ves , Lower ‘Plateau. .72 eee 2,500 to 5,000 Lower Sonoran........ : : Plains Region:..42.. eee 100 to 2,500 TYOPiCsa..0:20105. eee aul eee o to 1,500 ; Sub-Tropic 1 Sh ecko 1,500 to 4,000 Felnpniids aes Neate fee A P 5 = Cordillera’) .2 i203 eee 4,000 to 7,000 Sub-Amdean:..2.. 2c.sceeeee 7,000 to 10,000 — . North: Coastal 23 ee o to 1,200 Propicals., 925. : : South Coastaly,...j,ceeee oO to 1,200 Seti. were Foot’ Hills...:s0.c0n sence 1,200 to 4,000 Cordilléran).3s.2....05-seeee 4,000 to 7,000 Sub-Andean (extralimital ) Arid (extralimital ) CANADIAN ZONE (10,000 to 11,000 feet). The only portion of Costa Rica which we can class under this head is the region above timber-line on the high volcanoes. Here in this bleak, cool region, where the only vegetation consists of scrubby bushes and shrubs, lives the sole remnant of the Canadian fauna, Junco vulcant. | SuB-TIMBERLINE BELT (8,000 to 10,000 feet). Between the altitudes of about 8,o00 and 10,000 feet lies a belt of hard-wood forest containing many oaks and other trees characteristic of the more northern arboreal flora. ‘These trees are not tall, are more or less spreading, and toward the upper portion of the zone become stunted and gnarled from the low temperature and high winds often prevailing. In this belt are found numerous characteristic species which seldom go below it. On the higher peaks it does not exten so low as on some of the lower ranges, for example on the volcanoes CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTAa RICA. Bek > Irazi and Turrialba the birds characteristic of it are seldom met with below 8,500 feet, while on Poas, Barba, and on the Dota Mountains and the Talamanca Cordillera, wherever the summits reach the height of about 7,500 feet, some, but not all, of the characteristic forms are found. ‘The following species, all of which I believe are related to the Sonoran and not to the Tropical, are rarely to be met with outside of this belt: Catharus frantzit, C. gractlirostris gracilirostris, Planesticus nigrescens, Troglodytes ochraceus, Oreothlypis gutturals, Myioborus tor- guatus, Vireo carmiolt, Ptilogonys caudatus, Phatnoptila melanoxantha, Empidonax atriceps, Selasphorus flammula, Melanerpes formicivorus striatipectus, Dryobates villosus extimus. UppeR PLATEAU (5,000 to 8,000 feet). This zone is in many ways similar to the Sub-Timberline, except that it is warmer, less humid, and has a larger and more varied fauna. It contains many species also found in the Lower Plateau belt, but nevertheless has some forms characteristic of it. Catharus fuscater hellmayri, Planesticus plebejus, Myiadestes melan- ops, Pheucticus tibtalis, and perhaps other forms, the origin of which is rather obscure, may be referred to this belt. Lower PLATEAU (2,500 to 5,000 feet). The Lower Plateau belt includes the whole of what is commonly known as the central plateau region or the Highlands of Costa Rica, and is characterized by several large valleys and plateau areas, all Originally forested, but long since cleared in many parts and devoted to agriculture, pastures, etc. This belt extends much lower on the Pacific slope than on the Caribbean, as do all the Sonoran zones, while with those of the Tropical Area, the reverse is the case. Some of the characteristic species of the zone are: Catharus melpomene costaricensts, Planesticus tristis leucauchen, Vireo josephe costaricensis, Piranga testacea testacea, Melozone leucotis, M. cabanist, Pstlorhinus mextcanus cyanogenys, Myiodynastes lutetventris, Legatus albicollis, E-mpidonax flavescens, Nomonyx dominicus. PLAINS REGION (100 to 2,500 feet). The Sonoran Plains Region fauna is practically confined to the Pacific slope, there being but few species of true Sonoran origin which are found on the Caribbean below 2,500 feet. It is also confined al- Bypa ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. oF most wholly to the northwestern portion of the country, including the Nicoya peninsula and the eastern mainland slope of the Gulf, but does not extend south of the Rio Grande de Tarcoles Valley, with very few exceptions. It is further characterized by a six months’ dry season, and by the presence of large areas of savanna, which are confined to the region northwest of the Gulf of Nicoya. The most characteristic forms are: Catharus grisetceps (south of Rio Grande), Planesticus tristts cnephosa, Heleodytes capistratus capi- stratus, Salpinctes guttatus, Oryzoborus funereus, Amaurospiza concolor, Colurniculus savannarum obscurus, Aimophila ruficauda ruficauda, A. botterit sartorit, A. rufescens hypethrus, Agelaius pheniceus sabsp.? Leterus sclatert, I. pectoralts espinacht, Calocitta formosa azurea, M lyio~ adynastes maculatus nobilis, Myiarchus (several species) ; all of whi h are confined to the Pacific. On the Caribbean are found: Catharus mexicanus fumosus, Heleodytes zonatus costaricensis, Planesticus obso- letus, [cterus mesomelas satvini, and J. prosthemelas. ‘TROPICAL. All of the forms under this head, whether in the humid, semi-arid, or arid regions are supposed to be true Tropical forms or to be slightly aberrant types of the Tropical fauna, which have spread northward from the equatorial regions. | Tropic ZONE (0 to 1£,500 feet). This zone is confined to the Caribbean slope, embracing the whole of the lowlands and lower foot-hills, and is characterized by a very heavy, nearly continuous rainfall, luxuriant tropical jungles, composed of plants and trees belonging entirely to the tropical flora. Practically all the birds found here are species inhabiting woodland. Some are found in the Pacific lowlands, others are represented there by slightly dif- ferent races, while many are peculiar to this belt. Some of the most characteristic species are: Leucolepis lawrencit, Henicorhina prosthe- leuca prostheleuca, Thryophilus seledoni, ZT. thoracicus, T. castan costaricensis, Pheugopedius atrogularis, Vireolanius pulchellus verticals, FLeuphonia pauls Tangara florida, 7. lavinia lavinia, T. larvata lar- vata, Buthraupis ceruleigularis, Phenicothraupis fuscicauda, Lanto leucothorax, Mitrospingus cassint, Tachyphonus delattrii, Pitylus grossus, Caryothraustes poliogaster scapularis, Cyanocorax affinis szeledont, Copurus leuconotus, Todirostrum nigriceps, Perissotriccus atricapillus, CARRIKER: LIST OF THE Brrps oF Costa RICA. 323 Aphantotriccus capitalis, Rhynchocyclus marginatus, Corapipo altera al- tera, Manacus candei, Pachyrhamphus cinnamomeus, Laniocera rufes- cens, Microtriccus brunneicapillus, Cotinga amabilis, Carpodectes nitidus, FIyloctistes virgatus, Automolus cervinigularis hypophaus, Sclerurus gua- temalensis, Dendrocincla ridgwayi ridgwayt, Xiphorhynchus punctigula, Thamnophilus nevius atrinucha, Dysithamnus striaticeps, Myrmotherula Julviventris, M. melena, Ramphocenus semttorquatus, Gymnocichla chetroleuca, Myrmeciza exsul exsul, M. lemosticta, Phenostictus ma- cleannani saturata, Pittasoma michlert zeledoni, Hylopesus intermedius, Grallaricula flavirostris costaricensis, Microchera parvirostris, Agyriria amabilis amabilis, Threnetes ruckert, Prymnacantha converst, Celeus loricatus, C. castaneus, Venthornis cabott, Urospatha martit, Prionor- mis platyrhynchus, Trogon clathratus, Jacamerops aurea, Bucco dysont, Monasa grandior, Ara ambigua, Conurus aztec, Leptotila cassini vina- ceiventris, Geotrygon veraguensis, Odontophorus melanotis, fHeliornts fulica, Eurypyga major. SuB-TRopic ZONE (1,500 to 4,000 feet). Conditions in this belt are practically the same as in the Tropic except that the temperature is lower. Fewer characteristic species are found in this belt, it containing many neutral forms. Some of the most characteristic are: Wcrocerculus luscinia, Fuphonia annee, Ram- phocelus passerinit (also in preceding zone), Chlorothraupts carmiolt, Chlorospingus olivaceiceps, Lysurus crasstrostris, Saltator grandis, S. atriceps lacertosus, S. magnoides medianus, Platytriccus albogularis, Lophotriccus squamecristatus minor, Acrorchilus erythrops rufigents, Sclerurus canigularis, Dysithamnus mentalts septentrionalis, Formicarius nigricapillus, F. rufipectus, Grallaria princeps, L1ylopezus dives, Oreopyra castanetventris calolema, Phaethornis guy coruscus, Chloro- nerpes yucatanensts, Momotus lessont, Trogon puella, Selenidera specta- bilis, Aulacorhamphus ceruleigularis, Pionopsittacus hematotis, Bolbo- rhynchus lineolus, Odontophorus leucolemus, Dendrortyx hypospodius. CORDILLERAN ZONE (4,000 to 7,000 feet). Here we have the same conditions as in the Upper Plateau described under the Sonoran, but the birds here given are those of Tropical origin, which through gradual acclimatization have accustomed them- selves to the cooler temperature of this altitude, and contest this terri- tory with the Sonoran fauna. 324 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. za Chlorophonia callophrys, Tangara dowt, Chlorospingus regionals, A tlapetes gutturalts, Cyanolyca cucullata, E-lenia martinica subpagana, Pachyrhamphus versicolor costaricensis, Rhopoctites rufobrunneus, Ore- opyra cinereicauda, Eugenes spectabilis, Campylopterus hemileucurus, Colibri cyanotis, Pyrrhura hoffmanni hoffmanni, Claravis mondetoura Geotrygon costaricensts, G. chiriquensts, Nothocercus frantzit. SUB-ANDEAN BELT (7,000 to 10,000 feet). The Sub-Andean corresponds to the Sub-Timberline of the Sonoran, except that it extends about 1,000 feet lower. Its characteristic species are: TZhryorchilus brownt ridgwayt, Basileuterus melanotis, B. melanogenys, Diglossa plumbea, Chlorospingus pileatus, C. zeledont, Buarremon brunnetnucha, Pezopetes capitalis, Acanthidops bairdi, Pseudocolaptes lawrencit, Margarornis rubiginosa, Premnoplex brun- nescens brunneicauda, Scytalopus argentifrons, Zeledonia coronata, Panterpe insignis, Antrostomus saturatus, Pharomacrus mocinno costa-— ricensis, Columba albilinea crissalis, Chamepetes unicolor, Odonto- — phorus guttatus, O. veraguensis. NorTH-CoasTAL ZONE (Pacific —o to 1,200 feet). This Zone covers the lower portion of the northern half of the Son-_ oran Plains Region, and includes the lower portions of the Nicoya Peninsula, Guanacaste, and the Pacific mainland slope of the Gulf of Nicoya. It is, for the most part, covered with heavy timber, which holds the moisture somewhat during the dry months. There are many species which inhabit both the North Coastal and the South Coastal regions and also the Caribbean Tropic Zone. There are others found — only in the two Pacific belts, and still another group found only in the’ South Coastal Belt, but there are few strictly tropical birds found in the North Coastal region, which are not also found in the South Coastal. In other words nearly all of the species peculiar to the region included in the North Coastal are of Sonoran affinities and are placed under the Sonoran Plains Region. Those peculiar to this belt which — are strictly of tropical origin are: Zhryophilus pleurostictus ravus, T. rufalbus castanonotus, Dendrocincla homochroa acedesta, Amasilis” cinnamomea, Lapera nevius, Morococcyx erythropygus, HHylomanes momotula, Eumomota superciliaris australis, and Crypturus cinna- momeus. CARRIRER: LIST OF THE: BIRDS Or CosTa RICA. BYAD) SoutH CoastTaL ZONE (Pacific —o to 1,200 feet). The South Coastal Belt embraces the portion of the Pacific lowlands and foothills lying south of the valley of the Rio Grande de Tarcoles. It is for the most part densely forested, but contains some considerable tracts of savanna in the southern part, 7. ¢., in the Térraba Valley. In this region are found some species which have worked up the coast from Panama and Chiriqui, entering into Costa Rica only as far as the northern boundary of the belt, or in some cases only as far north as the head of the Térraba Valley. The species peculiar to the region are: Pheugopedius hyperythrus (a few straggle farther north), P. fascia- toventris melanogaster, Thryophilus semibadius, Basileuterus leucopygius veraguensis, Vireolanius pulchellus viridiceps, Ramphocelus costaricensts, Lanio melanopygius, Tachyphonus nitidissimus, Saltator striatipectus isthmicus, S. intermedius, Todtrostrum schtstacetceps, Elenia chirt- guensis, Mytozetetes texensis colombianus, Mytophobus fasciatus fur- Jurosus, Manacus aurantiacus, Pipra velutina, Corapipo altera albi- barba, Cotinga ridgwayt, Carpodectes antonie, Synallaxts albescens latitabunda, Automolus paliidigularis exsertus, Dendrocincla anabatina saturata, Deconychura typica, Dendrocolaptes sancti-thome hespertus, Thamnophilus bridgest, Gymnocichla nudiceps erratilis, Myrmeciza occt- dentals, Formicarius hoffmanni, Hylopezus lizanot, Agyrtria boucard, Agyrtria amabilts decora, Veniliornis neglectus, Melanerpes chrysauchen, M. wagleri, Picumnus olivaceus flavotinctus, Trogon bairdi, Dromo- coccyx phasianellus, Chemepelia minuta, Leptotila verreauxt, Odonto- phorus castigatus, Creciscus albigularis, Tinamus castanetceps. Loot liun, BELT (1,260 to 4,000. feet ): Although much drier than the Sub-Tropic Belt, the bird-fauna does not greatly differ, except that there are a great many species in that zone not found here, but most of those taken in the Foot Hill Belt are present inthe Sub-Tropic Zone. In fact it may be said to have no very distinctive fauna of its own (tropical fauna), being rather a neutral belt. Its birds are to a great extent of the Sonoran also, or else those forms which cannot be classed as characteristic of any special zone. CORDILLERAN BELT (Semi-Arid). The Cordilleran Belt of the Semi-Arid Zone is practically the same as that belt in the Humid Zone, except that it has a smaller percentage of tropical forms, being in reality occupied mostly by the Sonoran 326 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. fauna, or else by species of the Tropical which are more elastic, adapt- ing themselves to the different environments caused by the periodical rainy and dry seasons. ALTITUDINAL MIGRATION OF RESIDENT SPECIES. A peculiar phenomenon, affecting the problem of the distribution of a considerable number of resident birds, is the seasonal migration from higher to lower altitudes and the congregation of certain species into a small area where their favorite food is found in abundance. The only species known to make these migrations are some of the fruit-eating tanagers, and some of the cotingas and honey-creepers, and there can be no question that the descent into lower regions is made in search of certain fruits and berries which ripen at those times and of which the birds are very fond. Perhaps one of the most marked is that of the bell-bird (Procnias tricarunculata), which is normally a resident and breeds in the Cordilleran and sub-Andean Zones. About the first of December they begin to drift into the Car- ibbean lowlands, becoming very abundant in the upper part of the Humid-Tropic Zone (600 to 1,500 feet), where they remain until late in February, feeding upon a small nut-lke fruit. Other examples are Luphonia minuta and FE. luteicapilla, which come down earlier and stay longer, appearing in large numbers in the . vicinity of Carrillo in September, gradually working their way into the lowlands, until in December they were quite common about El Hogar, in company with Dacnis venusta and Cyanerpes luctdus, which are never seen in that region at any other time of the year. Zangara icterocephala, 7. guttata chrysophrys, T. florida and T. gyrolotdes also appear in considerable numbers during August and September in the lower part of the Rio Stcio gorge, in the vicinity of Carrillo, while Tangara dowt comes down as far as La Hondura (3,500 feet) in great © numbers. Little or nothing is known concerning the range of Zangara florida and 7. icterocephala, beyond the fact that they are found in the vicinity of Carrillo at certain times of the year, but it is quite probable that they breed in the dense forests of the foot-hills in that vicinity at an altitude of from 2,000 to 4,000 feet, congregating in the lower gorge to feed on a small berry-like fruit abundant during August and September. However 7: guttata and 7. gyroloides are species of wider range and are met with during the breeding season at much higher altitudes, while I found 7. dow abundant late in October in- the Sub-Andean Zone of the Volcano Turrialba. CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RIGA. eh On the Pacific coast the same phenomenon is observed among some of the above-mentioned species and others nearly related, but just what these are, I was never able to learn positively, not having the opportunity of collecting in that region at the time of the ripening of the fruit which is said to attract them in large numbers. On THE Hapsits oF NORTH AMERICAN WINTER VISITORS. _Strange as it may seem, the North American migrants, upon their arrival in Costa Rica, distribute themselves in a most unaccountable manner. JZyzochanes virens and M. richardsonit are to be met with almost anywhere from sea-level up to 9,000 or 10,000 feet on the Volcanoes de Irazi and Turrialba. On the other hand, Wu/allornis is seldom seen below 5,000 or 6,000 feet, and is most abundant between 8,o00 and tIo,o00 feet. Empidonax flaviventris and £. trail range from sea-level up to 3,500 feet. At least one of the Mniotiltide, Wilsonta pusilla, is found from near sea-level to timber- line, others from the lowlands up to 4,000 or 5,000 feet, while some are only seen on the central plateau. Guwraca cerulea seems to be confined almost entirely to the Pacific lowlands. Zamelodia ludo- vectana has only been recorded from the Caribbean slope and central plateau, while Sfzsa americana ranges from ocean to ocean, up to 4,000 Or 5,000 feet. Passevina cyanea seems confined to the high- lands. Ducks, some shore-birds, and herons are found at all altitudes, where suitable conditions are to be met with. One would naturally look for Vut¢tallornis boreals at a high altitude, it being a bird of the Canadian fauna, but why should Afyzochanes range from sea-level to 9,000 feet, or why should Lmpidonax flavi- veniris and £. tradi be found in the Humid-Tropic and Sub-Tropic Zones, when they breed over practically the same territory as /Vut¢a/- lornis? Perhaps by an exhaustive study of the food of these birds both in their breeding haunts and in their winter ranges, a reason might be found for this peculiar distribution, or perhaps it is only another of those inexplicable problems so often met with. The migrants in their winter haunts are usually found in localities having the same general character as those which they frequent in the north. Their habits, too, are quite similar, with the exception that they are almost invariably as silent as so many shadows. Never to my recollection have I ever heard a migrant attempt asong, while but few go as far as uttering a feeble chirp, with the exception of /cterus ga/- 328 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. bula, Dendroica coronata, the swallows, Botaurus lentiginosus, the — ducks, and some of the shore-birds. , This peculiarity makes collecting them very difficult, especially the warblers and thrushes, which may be common enough high up in the ~ tree-tops or hidden away in the thick forests, but which rarely come out into the open, except such species as Dendroica estiva, D. pen-— sylvanica, Wilsonia pusilla, and Setophaga ruticilla. GENERAL NOTES ON THE HABITS OF THE RESIDENT SPECIES. Taken as a whole the birds belonging to, or offshoots of, the Sonoran fauna do not differ very materially from those farther north, with re- — spect to their habits, food, song, breeding, etc. It is chiefly among — the representatives of the Tropical fauna that peculiar forms are to be met, and where specialization has been carried to a remarkable extent in some species and genera. Many spécies are never to be found out- side of the dark, wet jungles of the Caribbean lowlands, or the chilly, rain-soaked mountain-slopes, Some never leave the ground, except for a low short flight when suddenly flushed ; while others never seem to go near the ground. With the exception of the wrens, few birds — belonging to the Tropical fauna are endowed with the power of song. It is true that some have a pleasing, musical call, but they are not songsters, while the great bulk of the Dezdrocolaptide, Trogonida, Pipride, Cotingide, Trochitide, Ramphastide, Momotide, Galbulide — are not only without song, but many scarcely even chirp, or.if so, in a harsh discordant key. It is also noticeable that the vocal powers decrease in about the same ratio as the plumage increases in brilliancy, of which type the trogons are good examples. Contrary to the usual impression, birds inhabiting the impenetrable jungles, where perhaps many never see a human being in the course of their lives, are extremely shy and hard to approach, while those found in the settled districts and near the haunts of man are quite indifferent to his presence. Thus it would seem that fear in birds is inspired by things which they have not been accustomed to seeing rather than by those things which we would naturally suppose would be a fear- inspiring object to them. Sudden movement or sharp sounds will also frighten most birds more than the mere quiet presence of an unaccus- tomed object, and, after being frightened away precipitately by the sud- ~ den noisy approach of the collector, they will stealthily return to have a look at the curious object, should he remain perfectly quiet. Often >. CARRIKER: LST OFTHE Breps or CosTA RIca. 329 while standing perfectly still in the forest | have heard the rapid whirr of wings, and, turning cautiously, have seen a humming-bird poised within a yard or two of my head, now advancing, now retreating, and all the while turning its tiny head from side to side in its efforts to solve the identity of the curious creature which has invaded its domain. At the slightest movement of head or arm it is gone like a flash, and many have been the rare humming-birds which I have seen thus, never to see again in the same locality. Phaethornis longtrostris, P. guy coruscus, P. adolphi, Oreopyra cineretcauda, Threnetes ruckert, Chalybura melanorrhoa, Microchera parvirostris, and Thalurania co- Jombica are much addicted to this habit. All the terrestrial Formicariide are very shy, and some would be almost impossible to collect in any numbers were it not for the curious habit they have of answering to their call when skillfully imitated by the collector, who may call them to his very feet in this manner ; but, like the humming-birds, at the first movement they disappear and can- not be called back. The birds of the jungle have another curious habit, that of collecting in little bands and moving here and there through the forest in search of food. The collector may walk for an hour or more and scarcely see a bird, when he will suddenly find himself in the midst of a crowd of tanagers, warblers, vireos, and arboreal ant-thrushes, which are flitting along, all in the same direction, now high up in the trees, now low down, chirping and twittering as they search for food. After a few quick shots all will have disappeared and again the forest is silent and deserted. Ant-thrushes, some of the tree-creepers, and insect-eat- ing tanagers are very fond of following in the wake of a swarm of migrating ants, picking up the stragglers as they stream over the ground and up the small trees and shrubs. At this time they are quite silent, and, when disturbed, sneak off abruptly, only to return shortly to the feast. If one can put up with the fierce bites of the ants many rare things may be taken on such occasions. There is another state of affairs which always impresses the collector and which cannot always be satisfactorily explained. This is the apparent scarcity of certain species and abundance of others. Why should ant-thrushes such as Formicarius nigricapillus, F. castanetceps, Pittasoma michleri zeledoni, Grallaria guatemalensis princeps, and Ffylopezus dives be so extremely hard to find, while Formécarius umbrosus, F. moniliger hoffmant, Hylopezus lizanot, and H. tntermedius 330 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. are always abundant in the localities suitable to their habits? Or why should certain cotingas as Pachyrhamphus versicolor costaricensts, Platypsaris aglaiea, and Laniocera rufescens be almost impossible to collect, while Lathria unirufa clara, Procnias tricarunulata, Querula — cruenta, and others are met with in large numbers throughout their range? Is it because Costa Rica lies on the edge of their range, or are they nowhere to be found in abundance ? The first hypothesis doubtless explains the rarity of a few species in Costa Rica, but there are others which are not only rare in Costa Rica, but are few in numbers or entirely wanting in all other places, together with their near relatives. I believe there are three explana-— tions of this scarcity, each applying to different species: First, there are some species which to all appearances are rare, but in reality are not so, their habitat being in places inaccessible or easily overlooked on account of their retiring habits: For example, I think — it very probable that some of the cotingas, being almost entirely fruit- eaters, rarely descend to a point below the tops of the tall forest-trees, and in consequence are impossible to be seen from the ground beneath. — Others inhabit the almost impenetrable jungle of the Caribbean low- lands, such as Gymnocichla chetroleuca and Phenostictus macleannant saturatus, which are rarely seen outside of the dense growths of wild plantains and cane found so abundantly in those regions. Second, some species have a most extraordinarily local range, and may be fairly abundant in one small locality, but the collector may never hap- pen to locate this spot, or may only approach the edge of it, where he will pick upa few stragglers. Such birdsas 4gyrtria boucardi, Tangara florida, T. icterocephala, Buthraupis ceruleigularis, Myrmelastes lemo- stictus, Catharus mexicanus, Thryorchilus ridgwayt, and Eutoxeres aquila heterura belong tothis group. Zz/zrd, there are some species the appar- ent rarity of which can be explained from none of the above causes and it seems to me that there remains but one possible explanation, that is, that they belong to a vanishing fauna, and for reasons of high specialization, interbreeding, or inability to hold their own in the ever present struggle for the survival of the fittest, are slowly disappearing. Formicarius rufipectus and its allies, found in Panama, Ecuador, and Colombia are splendid illustrations of this group, as are also Lewcopter- nis princeps, Formicarius nigricapillus, Pittasoma michlert, Grallart- cula flavirostris, Xtiphocolaptes emigrans, Pseudocolaptes lawrenctt, Troglodytes ochraceus, and others. ‘Types of this group are met with SARRIKER LIST OF THE BIRDS*OF CosTA RICA. 331 in almost all of the families, but they seem to be commoner among the ant-thrushes, tree-creepers, and humming-birds. With the destruction of the tropical forests, many of the most inter- esting and by far the larger percentage of the typically tropical forms of bird-life are in danger of extermination. Those highly specialized forms, found only in the cool dark depths of the forest cannot possibly adapt themselves to the condition of affairs brought about by the re- moval of the virgin forest and their doom is certain. ‘There is no im- mediate danger of such a fate, but it will ultimately come, and unless thorough work is soon done in some regions, many rare and interest- ing species will disappear, leaving very little knowledge of their life- history and habits, Hasits, Foop, AND SonG as Facrors IN NOMENCLATURE. In some respects it is unfortunate that some of the men who have done the most work in the systematic arrangement of the birds, have had so little experience in the field, and know so little about the habi- tat, actions, and song of the many tropical forms which have always proposed vexing problems to the systematist. It seems to me that too much importance has been attached to some slight differences in physical structure and that some characters have been used for sepa- rating the higher groups which are subject to much variation in appar- ently closely related forms. Naturally a bird must be placed somewhere in the great system of classification which has been built up by scientists, and characters more or less arbitrary must often be used for the separation into groups of such a great variety of forms. It is a well-known fact that in all divisions of the animal kingdom we have instances of the trend of widely separated forms toward a common point, so that two birds, really not at all closely related, may have a striking superficial resem- blance. ‘These resemblances, coupled with a scant knowledge of the internal anatomy of the bird and little or nothing of its habits in life, have brought about many errors in the determination of the true status of many species. With the hope of shedding some light on the posi- tion of some Costa Rican species, I here give in detail my observations on the habits of a few of these birds. Rhodinocichla rosea eximia. ‘This species is to be found exclusively in the thick second-growth so common about Boruca and Buenos Aires, seeking the most impenetrable parts, where it spends much of 332 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. its time on or near the ground, climbing and hopping about more after the manner of the larger wrens than anything else. Apparently it is entirely insectivorous. It is almost always seen in pairs (after the breeding season), or a pair of old birds accompanied by one or two young birds of the year. They are very shy, and when approached go skulking off, hopping rapidly from limb to limb or making short flights. The most striking characteristic is the song, which is of the true wren type, having none of the qualities of the warblers and being made up of a series of exquisite trills and whistles, but always with that full, open, liquid quality so characteristic of the tropical wrens. Unfortunately nothing was observed of the breeding, the type of nest, or the number of eggs deposited, as I arrived in that region after the breeding season. Scytalopus argentifrons and Zeledonia coronata. Almost all which is to be said of the habits of one of these birds is applicable to the other. They range from between 7,000 and Io,oo0 feet in the dense, moisture-soaked forests to be found at those altitudes, on a hillside or in some dark deep ravine, choked with brush and fallen trees. They are continually creeping and hopping about under the masses of half decayed branches, searching for insects and larve, and would be rarely seen or collected were it not for their song. The notes of the birds are quite alike in quality and in pitch, but, there is a consider- able difference in the manner of rendering. It is a clear, musical whistle, the tone being very close to D# in Scytalopus and to C# in Zeledonia. Leledonia repeats the same note from six to eight times with the same interval between each note, while the length of the note and the interval is about the same. Scytalopus has quite a different method, repeating the notes in triplets, very rapidly, and with only a very short interval between each. ‘These triplets may be repeated from three to ten times according to the mood of the bird, with an interval of perhaps one or two seconds between each triplet. The note is easy to imitate and the birds readily respond (although not every time) to skillful calling. Nothing was ever learned about the nidification 0 either species. LOCALITIES IN CostTA RICA AT WHICH BIRDS HAVE BEEN COLLECTED. Achiote; El Achiote de Poas : — Name given to two small brooks, which rise on the western slope of the Volcan de Péas, emptying into the Rio Poas between Grecia and the summit of the volcano. This CARRIKER: LAST OF THE’ BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. 333 name appears mostly on specimens collected by Sefior don Anastasio Alfaro. Probable altitude, 6,000 to 7,000 feet. Agua Caliente : — A small village, situated on a river of the same name, about four miles south of Cartago, and at a considerably lower altitude (about 3,800 feet). There are very few references to the locality, mostly by early collectors. It is on the Caribbean slope. Aguacate (mountains) ; A/onte del Aguacate :— A spur of the main Central American or Andean range, extending westward to the valley of the Barranca River, and crossed by the ‘‘ Camino Real’’ from San José to Puntarenas, via Alajuéla. ‘The highest point in the range is about 4,150 feet. ‘There are very few references to this region. Alajuéla : — Capital city of the province of the same name, with about five thousand inhabitants. It is thirteen miles west of San José and the terminus of the old Ferrocarril de Costa Rica, and has an altitude of 3,100 feet. It is situated on the Rio Grande de Tarcoles, flowing into the Pacific Ocean. Alajuelita : — Situated four and one-half miles southwest of San José. A very small village, called sometimes San Josesito; mentioned by Zeledon and others.’ Conditions about the same as at San José. Pacific slope. Alto del Tabiazo : — A small table-land in the Candelaria mountains southeast of San José at an altitude of 4,050 feet, opening into the valley of San José. Alto de Ochomogo; El Alto; Laguna de Ochomogo :—'The point on the continental divide at which the railroad and cart-road cross in going from Cartago to San José. It is a small plateau with an altitude of 5,280 feet, and contains a marshy pond of about 1,000 yards in circumference. ‘The heights of La Carpintera, the end of the Candelaria mountain chain, rise towards the south. Angostura : — A small valley situated on the south side of the Rio Reventazon, at an altitude of about 1,980 feet, and exactly opposite from Turrialba, a station on the Ferrocarril de Costa Rica. It has a very hot, humid climate and is reputed to be rather unhealthy. It was at this point that Julian Carmiol obtained so many of the birds peculiar to the Caribbean fauna. Few collectors have visited the region except Carmiol and Zeledon. It is just below the Tuis Valley, and is surrounded by forest-clad hills. Anonos (l.os): — A point on the road from San José to Escazt where it crosses the Rio Tiribi. The conditions are the same as at 334 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. any point in the valley of San José. Zeledén and Alfaro mention — this locality. (Designated by some authors as Las Anonas. ) Aserri;— One of the oldest villages in Costa Rica, situated south of San José, in the same valley, about seven miles distant. Entirely surrounded by coffee-plantations and cultivated lands. | Atenas :—A town of about fifteen hundred inhabitants on the Ferrocarril al Pacifico at an altitude of about 2,300 feet. It is on™ the cart-road between Alajuéla and San Mateo, and situated in the midst of cultivated lands. Rarely mentioned by collectors. Ativro :— A small village situated on the banks of a stream of the same name near the point where it empties into the Rio Reventazon. — It is nearly opposite, and only about four miles distant from the station of Turrialba on the railroad. Conditions much the same as at Angostura and Tuis. The locality is not often mentioned. Avangares (Las Juntas de): —A village situated on the shores of the Gulf of Nicoya on the mainland opposite the Island of Chira. Mentioned only by Mr. Lankester, I believe. Azahar de Cartago ; — Four or five miles from Cartago to the south- west, in the Candelaria Mountains, and having an altitude of about 5,000 to 7,000 feet. 7 Bagdces:—A squalid village in Guanacaste, on the Rio de las Piedras, a branch of the Rio Bebedéro, flowing into the Tempisque. It is only a little above sea-level, is very hot, and surrounded by ‘« Sabanas,’’ marshy lagoons, and some woodland. Bahia de Salinas :— A small bay on the Pacific coast just at the entrance to the Gulf of Nicoya and about twelve miles southeast of Puntarenas. Balsa (Valsa; La Valsa): — A point at the head of the San Carlos River, probably only named from the river, which forms one of the small tributaries of the San Carlos. This locality seems to have been visited only by Carmiol, there being skins in the United States National Museum as well as in the British Museum collected by him and bearing the name of this locality. Banana, Rio:—} 374 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. ‘¢ Diagnoses of some New Forms of Neotropical Birds.’’ Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.., XXI, 1908, Ig!. ‘New Genera, Species, and Subspecies of Formicariide, Furnariide, and Dendrocolaptide.”’ Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXII, 1909, 69. Salvadori, Conte Tommaso. ‘) p. 374 (COR. Crypturus pileatus NUTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 409 (La Palma de Nicoya). -- ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 128 (Las Trojas, P6zo Azul de Pirris, Naranjo de Cartago). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 54 (Lagarto, Buenos Aires). Crypturus meserythrus SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 453 (Jiménez [ Underwood ]). Crypturus sout modestus BANGS, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 290 ( Boruca and E] Pozo de Térraba [Underwood]). U.S. Nat. Museum: Pirris (Zeledon). Bangs Collection: Pozo Azul, El General de Térraba, Buenos Aires (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Guapiles, Tucurriqui, Cuabre, Buenos Aires (Car- riker). Five skins. While endeavoring to determine the status of the Costa Rican forms of Crypturius sout, Mr. Bangs and myself went carefully over his entire series of skins of C. souz, and came to the conclusion that there are three very distinct races of this bird ranging from Panama to Mexico, and two forms in the northern part of South America. ‘These may be arranged and characterized as follows: a. Under parts uniform cinnamon-rufous, without any dusky band across upper chest. 6. Back rich sepia-brown (Venezuela and Guiana). C. soz sow (Hermann). 6b, Back decidedly chestnut-brown (Santa Marta). C. sout mustelinus Bangs. aa. Always with a dusky band across upper chest. &. Lower parts decidedly cinnamon- or chestnut-brown, especially on breast. c. Pileum sooty-gray, lower parts quite uniform cinnamon-brown (Panama). C. sout panamensis n. subsp. cc. Pileum slaty-black, breast bright chestnut (Honduras to Mexico). C. sout meserythrus (Sclater). 66. Lower parts grayish or sooty-fulvous, pileum slaty-black (Costa Rica, Chiriqui, and Nicaragua (?)). C. sout modestus ( Cabanis). Crypturus sout sout (Hermann). Tinamus sout HERMANN, Tab. Aff. Anim. (1783), p. 164 (ex Daubenton, PI. Enl., 829), Cayenne. ain ————————— ee GARRIKER., LIST OF THE BIRDS OF ‘COSTA RICA. 379 Under parts cinnamon-rufous, richer and darker on flanks, breast, and chest, paler and more cinnamon-ochraceous on throat and abdo- men, chin palest ; pileum and sides of head sooty-gray, center of crown and occiput darker sooty, sides of head paler; back, scapulars and rump rich sepia-brown, very finely vermiculated with dusky ; wing-coverts, tertials, and uppr tail- coverts broadly edged with bright chestnut-brown or hazel, a little darker and richer than the color of the chest. Wing, 2, 122 mm. This bird agrees well with the plate cited above, upon which the species was based. The description is taken from an adult female col- lected by Lieut. Wirt Robinson at San Julian, Venezuela, August 8, mooor Coll. of E. A. & O. Bangs). Crypturus sout mustelinus Bangs. Crypturus souc mustelinus BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XVIII (June, FGO5)); p. 151. Lower parts richer and darker than in C. s. sowz, being rich cinna- mon-rufous throughout, almost chestnut on lower throat and chest ; throat cinnamon-ochraceous, chin white, feathers tipped with ochra- ceous ; upper parts decidedly chestnut-brown throughout, interscapular region and rump finely vermiculated with dusky ; edgings of wing and upper tail-coverts bright chestnut like the sides of the chest, and even the inner secondaries strongly edged with rufous on the outer webs. Wing about 127 mm, Crypturus sout panamensts n. subsp. Myre adult 2; Loma del Leon, Panama, Mar. 25, 1900, W. W. brown, Collector. Collection of EK. A. & O. Bangs, No. 7055. General coloration similar to C.’s. souz, differing as follows: Chin and upper throat white, feathers slightly tipped with buff on lower por- tion; lower throat and upper chest dusky grayish-brown, extending around on sides of chest and neck where it becomes darker, blending with color of the back ; rest of lower parts more like C. s. musteZinus in the intensity of the coloring, but there is always a slight grayish-brown east.) Upper parts very similar to C. s. sowz, except that the pileum is much darker, being deep sooty, without grayish tinge. Wing aver- ages 130 mm. in &, oj‘ averages smaller. Young birds resemble somewhat the adults of C. s. modestus, but may be distinguished by the white throat and paler upper parts. Eight specimens. 380 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Crypturus sout modestus (Cabanis). Crypturus modestus CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 212 (Costa Rica). Easily distinguished from all other races of C. souwz by the prevail- ing dark color both above and below, by the slaty-black pileum and by the absence of rufous edgings on the wings. Chin and upper throat ashy-white ; lower throat, upper chest, and sides of neck gray- ish sooty-brown; rest of lower parts grayish-fulvous or brownish- fulvous, sides of head sooty-gray ; upper parts rich seal-brown, feathers slightly edged with blackish, wing-coverts and tertials more olive- brown ; upper tail-coverts deep umber or mummy-brown. Young birds are grayer or browner below, with less fulvous, and sometimes have the wing-coverts tipped with dull rufous. Wing (2) averages 135 mm. _ Fifteen specimens from Costa Rica and five from Chiriqui examined. A single nest of this species was taken at Boruca, August 9, 1907, containing two slightly incubated eggs. The nest was made on the ground at the foot of a shrub in a tract of second-growth woodland. Little attempt at nest-building was shown, merely a slight excavation being made, and lined with a few leaves and grass. The eggs are purplish-drab, unmarked. Measurements: 42x 30 and 43x 31 mm. Crypturus sout meserythrus (Sclater). Crypturus meserythrus SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1859, p. 392 (Playa Vicente, Guatemala). Resembles C. s. fanamensis in the color of the under parts, except that the breast is brighter chestnut, and the pileum is slaty-black as in modestus. Chin and upper throat white, feathers tipped with cinnamon-ochra- ceous ; lower throat, upper chest, and sides of neck slate-gray, some- times (in younger birds) washed with olive-brown ; lower chest, breast, and flanks rich chestnut-brown, abdomen and sides cinnamon-ochra- ceous, as in true sowz ; upper parts intermediate in shade between pana- mensts and modestus, while the wing-coverts and tertials are strongly edged with dark chestnut as in fanamensis. On the whole this form greatly resembles panamensis, but can always be recognized by the slaty-black pileum, the richer chestnut of the breast and the grayer color of the lower throat. Specimens from Vera Cruz, Mexico, are the most typical of this race and from these the description has been made. CARRIKER-: JLIST OF THE Birps or CosTa Rica. 381 6. Crypturus cinnamomeus (Lesson). Zinamus (Nothura) cinnamomea \ESSON, Rev. Zool., 1842, 210 (La Union, Salvador). Crypturus sallee LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 141 (San José [ Frantzius]).— FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 374 (Esparta). — NUTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1885, 409 (La Palma de Nicoya). Crypturus cinnamomeus SALVADORI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. XX VII, 1895, 541 (Bebedéro, [Arce]).— SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1904, 455 (Costa Rica). Bangs Collection: Bolson (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Bebedéro (Carriker). One skin. Like all members of the genus they are found singly or in pairs, fre- quenting the edges of the forest, second-growth timber, or bushy pas- tures, and are very shy and seldom seen. ‘This species seems confined to the northwestern portion of Costa Rica and is probably to be found throughout the peninsula of Nicoya and Guanacaste, down the eastern side of the Gulf of Nicoya and upwards on the plateau region for a short distance. Although Boucard records a specimen from San Carlos, I do not believe its regular range extends beyond the Pacific watershed, and if it really was taken at San Carlos, it is an unusual occurrence. 7. Crypturus boucardi (Sclater). Tinamus boucardit SC\.ATER, Proc: Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 391 (S. Mexico _ Boucard]). Crypturus boucaradt SALVIN, Ibis, 1870, 115 (Costa Rica [Carmiol ]). — Boucarp, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 42 (San Carlos, Feb. 1877), — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 128 ( Pacuare). —SALVADORI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XX VII, 1895, 544 (Costa Rica [Carmiol]). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 449 (Miravalles, very rare), —SALVIN and GopMAN, biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 457 (Costa Rica). Bangs Collection: Cerro de Santa Maria and Tenorio (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Guanacaste. The immature birds of this species have a marked resemblance to the adults of C. ciznamomeus in the barring of the wings and lower back, so that it is not impossible that the bird collected by Boucard at San Carlos and called C. cénnamomeus should really be referred to the present species. The species seems to be found in the thick forest more than either of the other two species of the genus, resembling Zz7zamus in its habits more than C7vypturuws. There are very few records of its occurrence 382 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. in Costa Rica, but from what we have it is evident that it ranges over the lowlands of both coasts, on the Pacific from Nicaragua down as far as Pozo Azul de Pirris (at least), and on the Caribbean from Nicaragua as far down as the Pacuare River and perhaps farther. Family CRACID. 8. Crax panamensis Ogilvie-Grant. Crax globicera LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., 1X, 1868, 139 (San José [Carmiol]). —- FRANTzIus, Jour, fiir Orn., 1869, 373 (San José and Sarapiqui). — Bou- CARD, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 42 (San Carlos, Vol. Iraztii and Naranjo). — NuTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 408 (La Palma de Nicoya). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac, de C. R., I, 1887, 128 (Costa Rica). —CHER- RIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2 (Palmar, common); Expl. Zool. Rio Naranjo, 1893 ( P6zo del Pital). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 448 ( Miravalles). Crax panamensis OGILVIE-GRANT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXII, 1893, 479 (Valsa [J. Carmiol]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 273-(Costa Rican references). — BANGS, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 290 (El P6zo de Térraba [ Underwood] ). Carnegie Museum: Guacimo (Carriker). One female. All Costa Rican birds have the tail strongly barred, thus being typical C. panamensis. This bird ranges over the whole lowland region of the country from sea-level up to an altitude of not more than 2,000 feet, but is more abundant below 1,000 feet. They keep to the heavy forests, feeding on the ground as well as in the trees, and when flushed from the ground always alight in a tall tree where they will remain perfectly quiet if they think they have not been seen. They are now becoming quite scarce in nearly all parts of the country on account of their continuous pursuit by all classes of hunters, their flesh being excellent. I have never been able to learn anything about their breeding habits, but they very probably place their nest in some large tree after the manner of other Curassows. g. Penelope cristata (Linneus). Meleagris cristata LINNAUS, Syst. Nat., i, 269 (1766). Penelope purpurascens LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 139 ( Barranca and Angostura [J. Carmiol], La Palma [Zeledén]).— FRANTzIUs, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 372 (C. R.).— Boucarpb, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 42 (San Carlos and slopes of Irazt). Penelope cristata SALVIN, Ibis, 1869, 317 (crit.) ; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 525 (crit.). — NUTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 409 (La Palma de Nicoya). —ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 128 (Jiménez . CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BirDS oF Costa RICa. 383 and Naranjo de Cartago). — CHERRIE, Expl ZoolvenuC. Rs, 1891>2 (Palmar). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. Rio Naranjo, 1893, 8 (Pézo del Pital). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 448 (Miravalles). — OcILvIE-GRANT, Cat. Birds Brit, Mus., XXII, 1893, 498 (Valsa [Carmiol], La Palma [Zeledén]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1902, 277 (Costa Rican references). — BANGs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 291 (El Poézo de Térraba [ Underwood]). U.S. Nat. Museum: Bonilla (Ridgway). Bangs Collection: Pézo Azil (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Rio Sicsola, Miravalles, El Pézo de Térraba ( Car- riker). Five skins. Specimens from southeastern, southwestern, and northwestern Costa Rica were compared, and show no signs of variation ; neither do they differ from birds from Santa Marta, Colombia. The species has a wide range and seems very constant throughout. Its habits are very similar to those of the preceding species, except that it is much noisier, frequently uttering its loud, characteristic call, always when disturbed and often of its own accord, thus unwittingly guiding the hunter to it. It is more abundant than the preceding, although most persistently hunted, seeming to be more wary and better able to escape. They range over the whole of the lower portion of the country and extend to much higher altitudes than Crax panamensts, often being met with up to four or five thousand feet. I shot a fine large bird at Ujurras de Térraba right up in the territory of Chamepetes unicolor, at not less than six thousand feet above sea-level. 10. Ortalis cinereiceps (Gray). Ortalida cinereiceps GRAY, List Galline Brit. Mus., 1867, 12 (N.W. Coast of America), — SCLATER and SALVIN, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 540 (Costa Rica [Carmiol]). Ortalida poliocephala LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 139 (San José [Frantzins], Turrialba [J. Carmiol], La Palma [Zeledén]). — FRAnrztus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 372 (Costa Rica). Ortalida frantzt’ CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 211 (Costa Rica). Ortalis cinereiceps ZELEDON, Cat. Aves de C. R., 1882; An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., 1887, 128 (Jiménez and Cartago). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en Costa Rica, 1891—2, 1893, 54 (Buenos Aires) ; Expl. Zool. Rio Naranjo, 1893, 8 (El Pozo del Pital). — OcILvir-Grant, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXII, 1893, 515 (C. R. [Carmiol], San José [ Frantzius]).— UnpEeRwoop, Ibis, 1896, 448 (Miravalles). —SALVIN and Gopmay, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 282 (Iraza [Underwood], etc.).— Banos, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 291- (Boruca [ Underwood] ). | 384 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. U. S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo (Ridgway & Zeledon). Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.: Miravalles (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui. Carnegie Museum: Pozo Azul, Juan Vifias, Cuabre (Carriker). Five skins. A young male (P6zo Azul, June) has almost the exact plumage of the adult, although the bird itself is still quite small, the measurements as follows: length, 393 mm.; wing, 143 mm.; tail, 168 mm. Birds from various sections of the country show little or no sign of variation. It has practically the same range as the preceding species, through the whole of Costa Rica up to an altitude of perhaps not more than 5,000 feet, but being in greatest abundance at lower altitudes. Unlike the larger Cracidz, they prefer the dense thickets of low, vine-covered jungle, patches of wild cane, and thick second-growth. ‘They are very noisy when disturbed by man or animals, or when they find something unusual. JI-once heard them making a fearful din in a small patch of second-growth jungle, and upon carefully working my way inside, found a flock of about a dozen of them running frantically backward and forward along the limbs of a small tree, in the center of which hung a sloth (Lradypus castanetceps). ‘The sloth was watching them with open mouth, turning his head about, but apparently not greatly disturbed. The nest is built in a low tree or in the midst of a clump of vines. A nest was found on the Rio Sicsola, Oct. 6, 1904, placed in a large fork of a tree, about eight feet from the ground, and resting on a mat of vines, while the tree was growing in the midst of a patch of wild cane beside a lagoon. ‘The female was incubating three eggs, which were creamy-white, the shell filled with fine punctures, making it very rugose. liggs average 54 X 40 mm. 11. Chamepetes unicolor Salvin. ( Native name ‘‘ Pava Negra.’’ ) Chamepetes unicolor SALVIN, Proc. Zool, Soc. Lond., 1867, 159 { Veragua). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 139 (La Palma [Frantzius], Rancho Redondo [Zeledén]). — FRANTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 372 (La Palma). — SCLATER and SALVIN, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 531 (Costa Rica [ Carmiol]).— Boucarpb, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 42 (Volcan Irazt). —_ ZELEDON, Cat. Aves de C. R. 1882; An. Mus. Nac. de GC Rip aca 128 (Rancho Redondo). —OGILVIE-GRANT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXII, 1893, 522 (San José [Frantzius], Irazi [Rogers] ).— SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 278 (Costa Rican references). ea CARRIRER® List OF THE BIRDS orf Costa RICA. 385 C. H. Lankester Collection: Vara Blanca de Sarapiqui. Carnegie Museum: Volcan Turrialba (8,000-9,000 feet), Ujurras de Térraba (Carriker). Three skins. The single female in the collection seems to be more greenish above than the males, which have a decidedly dark metallic-blue tinge. As Mr. Ogilvie-Grant suggests (Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXII,°522), the rufous edgings of the feathers on the lower parts is evidently due to immaturity, as several young birds taken on the Volcan Turrialba (not made into specimens) had it to a great degree, while it even persists after the upper parts have assumed the adult plumage. The present bird is confined wholly to the high mountains, prob- ably rarely descending below 5,000 feet, while it is more abundant on the volcanoes at a point near timberline where certain trees and shrubs abound, of the fruit of which it is very fond. I rarely ever saw the bird on the ground, their manner of feeding seeming to be confined to climbing about among the limbs of the trees and picking off the fruit. While feeding they are always very quiet and the mere presence of a person under the tree will not cause them to fly, although they usually cease feeding. Their flesh is tender and of excellent flavor, and were it not for the fact that they inhabit such inaccessible regions they would have been exterminated long ago. Family ODONTOPHORID. 12. Dendrortyx hypospodius Salvin. (Native name ‘‘ Chirisqua.’’ ) Dendrortyx leucophrys LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 140 (Las Cruces, Candelaria Mountains [Zeledon], Dota [J. Carmiol]). — FRanrzius, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 373 (Poas and Dota). — BoucarD, Proc. Zool. Soc, Lond., 1878, 42 (Volcan de Irazu, 7,000 ft.). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 128 (La Palma de San José), — OGILVIE-GRANT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXII, 1893, 394 (Costa Rica). Dendroriyx hypospodius SALVIN, Bull. B. O. C., VI, p. v (Azahar de Cartago [ Underwood]). — SALVIN and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1903, 290 (Alajuéla, Estrella, La Palma de San José [ Underwood 7m /i7z.]). Fleming Collection: Volcan de Irazti (Underwood). This bird, though closely related to D. deucophrys, is apparently a good species. (It is a very rare bird in Costa Rica and I have never observed it in life. From the records of its collection, and from what I was able to learn from the natives, it is confined to the higher por- tions of the country, probably from 4,000 feet upwards. 386 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 13. Eupsychortyx leylandi (Moore). (Native name ‘‘ Perdiz.’’ ) Ortyx leylandi MOORE, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, p. 62 (Omoa to Comayagua, Honduras). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 139 (San José and Barranca [Carmiol] ]).-- FRANTZzIuUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 373 (Heredia and Barba). — BoucARD, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1878, 42 ( Valley of San José). Colinus leylandi CHERRIE, Auk, 1892, 329 (San José, common resident). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 128 (San José and Alajuéla). Eupsychortyx leylandi OGILVIE-GRANT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXII, 1893, 411 (Costa Rica [Endres, J. Carmiol and Capt. Dow], Iraza District [ Rogers] ).— UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 449 (Miravalles, common). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1903 (Estrella de Cartago [Underwood ]). U. S. Nat. Museum: Santo Domingo de San Mateo (Ridgway); Alajuéla, San José Bangs Collection: San José, Tenorio (Underwood). C. Hy Lankester Collection 77 Caehi. Carnegie Museum: Miravalles (Carriker). One skin. A common bird throughout the plateau region and the western slope, extending over Nicoya and Guanacaste wherever suitable conditions are to be found. Like our Bob-white it is a bird of the fields and culti- vated districts and its habits are essentially the same, even its call being quite like that of the Virginian Quail. KEY TO THE COSTA RICAN SPECIES OF ODONTOPHORUS. a. Lower parts chestnut-brown, unmarked, throat black. melanotis. aa. Lower parts spotted with white or vermiculated with black, or else breast mostly black. 4. Throat black, streaked with white, lower parts spotted with white, c. Lower parts grayish-brown, white spots edged with black. guttatus. cc, Lower parts dull chestnut-brown, white spots small, not edged with black. veraguensts. 66. Throat concolorous with lower parts, or else with a conspicuous white patch. — c. Chin, malar region, and lores chestnut-brown, lower parts grayish-brown, freckled w'th black and buff. castigatus. cc. Chest and breast almost wholly black, with scattering white spots on breast, partly concealed, throat with a white patch. leucolemus. 14. Odontophorus castigatus Bangs. Odontophorus marmoratus ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887 (Las Trojas and Pézo Azul de Pirris). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 54 (Boruca, Buenos Aires, common, but difficult to secure). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1903, 309 (Costa Rica, Zeledén’s reference). GCARRIKERs LIST OF THE BIRDS oF CosTA RICA. 387 Odontophorus castigatus BANGS, Auk, XVIII, 355 (Divala, Chiriqui [Brown ]); Auk, XXIV, 1907, 291 ( Boruca and El Pozo de Térraba [Underwood ]). Bangs Collection: Sabanilla (Underwood). Carnesie Museum: El Pozo de Térraba, Boruca (Carriker). Three skins. | Specimens from El Pd6zo compared with the type from Divala, Chiriqui, were found to agree perfectly, while the same birds when compared with O. marmoratus (from which it was separated) were found to be very different, and I see no reason for placing this species under the synonymy of O. marmoratus as was done by Messrs. Salvin and Godman. It is found only in the southwestern portion of Costa Rica, occupy- ing the Pacific lowlands, up to about 2,000 feet, from Chiriqui north to Pézo Azul, and perhaps a little farther. It is strictly a denizen of the forest and prefers the thick jungle, wild plantains, and tangled undergrowth to the more open forest. ‘They are almost always to be seen in small coveys, and when flushed usually alight in the low trees and sit perfectly still for some time before flying off again. 15. Odontophorus melanotis Salvin. Odontophorus melanotis SALVIN, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 586 (Tucurriqui [ Arcé]). — FRANTZIUs, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 374’ (Dota and Candelaria) . — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 140 ( “ Tucurriqui [Arcé],’’ coll. of O. Salvin).— ZELEDON, An. Mus, Nac. de Costa Rica, I, 1887, 128 (Jiménez). —OGILVIE-GRANT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXII, 1893, 433 (Tucurriqui [ Arcé]). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 449 (Miravalles), — SALVIN and Gop- MAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 310 (Costa Rican references). U. S. Nat. Museum: Bonilla (Ridgway) ; Talamanca (Cherrie) ; Jiménez (Alfaro). Bangs Collection: Carrillo, Tenorio (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Guapiles, Guacimo, Cuabre, Rio Sicsola, El Hogar @@armiker).. Six’skins. A female from Talamanca has a much brighter rufous pileum than all the birds from northeastern Costa Rica, which have the crest feathers shaded with dusky towards the tips. ‘This may be due to age, for otherwise they appear the same. An immature female from Rio Sicsola is quite different from the adult, as follows: the tertials, scapulars, and interscapular region broadly marked with black sub- terminal bars on each feather, the black bars bordered on either side by a narrow bar of buffy or pale rufous ; only the middle of the breast 388 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. chestnut, with short, broken, black bars on each side; lower breast dull grayish-brown, indistinctly barred with dusky, while the chest is brokenly barred with cinnamon-brown and black, throat dull blackish ; maxilla brown, mandible black. Rather common in the thick forests of the Caribbean lowlands, up to about 2,500 feet, extending northwestward along the southern slope of Lake Nicaragua, over to the Pacific slope of the northern part of the country only. Habits essentially the same as those of the preceding species. A single nest was observed on the Rio Sicsola, September 21, 1904. It was a slight excavation at the foot of a tree, between two spur roots, lined with leaves and grass and contained four badly incubated eggs. The eggs are creamy-white, unmarked, and shaped very much as the eggs of the Bob-white. Measurements: 40 X 29 mm. 16. Odontophorus leucolemus Salvin. Odontophorus leucolemus SALVIN, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 161 (Cordillera de Tole, Panama [Arcé]).— LAwRENcE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., 1X, 1868, 140 (San José [Frantzius and Cooper] ). — FRANTz1us, Jour. ftir Orn., 1869, 374 (Dota and Candelaria). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 128 ( Naranjo de Cartago). — OGILVIE-GRANT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXII, 1893, 438 (Dota [J. Carmiol]),— SALVIN and GopMan, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1903 (Costa Rican references). U.S. Nat. Museum: La Estrella. Bangs Collection: Volcan de Irazu, Cariblanco, Azahar de Cartago, Tenorio (Underwood). Fleming Collection: Azahar de Cartago and Cariblanco de Sarapiqui (Underwood ). Carnegie Museum: [a Estrella de Cartago and La Hondura (Carriker). Two skins. These birds, apparently from age, differ much among themselves in the amount of black and white on the breast and chest. Some have numerous white spots on the breast, others have scarcely any ; some have the flanks black, each feather edged with cinnamon-brown, others with the sides brown and the flanks rufous, finely vermiculated with black ; some also have the back and pileum decidedly brown and in others it is quite gray. This species seems to prefer the eastern portion of the highlands and the upper part of the Caribbean slope, between the altitudes of 3,000 and 6,000 feet. Like all other species of the genus it is an CARRIKER? LIST OF THE BiRDS orf Costa RICA. 389 inhabitant of the forest, congregates in small coveys, and keeps to the thickest parts of the jungle. 17. Odontophorus guttatus (Gould). Ortyx guttata GOULD, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1837, 79 (Bay of Honduras { Barlow] ). Odontophorus guttatus LAWRENCE, Ann, Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 140 (Dota [J. Carmiol]). — FRAN‘ z1us, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 374 (Dota and Candelaria). — BoucarD, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 42 (Curridibat). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C, R., I, 1887, 128 (Sarchi de Alajuéla, El Zarcero de Alajuéla and Alajuéla). — OGILVIE-GRANT, Cat. Birds. Brit. Mus., XXII, 1893, 439 (Barranca and Dota [J. Carmiol]).— SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1903, 311 (Iraza [ Underwood], etc. ). U.S. Nat. Museum: La Estrella de Cartago and Irazu. Bangs Collection: Volcan de Irazi and Azahar de Cartago (Under- wood). Carnegie Museum: Volcan de Irazu (Carriker). One skin. This species takes the place of the preceding at higher altitudes, although their ranges slightly overlap, the present form being found over the whole of the country from 5,000 feet to timberline. It is more abundant in the northern portion of the country, since in the southern part its range is invaded by O. veraguensis. I found it on the Volcanoes ‘Turrialba and Irazu, more abundant at above 7,o00— 8,000 feet, frequenting the bamboo-choked ravines, where it was ex- ceedingly hard toshoot. ‘They havea low whistling call, which is not often heard, and seems to be used principally for calling together the scattered covey, after the manner of our quail. 18. Odontophorus veraguensis Gould. Odontophorus veraguensis GOULD, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 107 ( David, Chi- riqui [Seeman ]). — LAwRENcE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 140 ( Dota and Barranca [J. Carmiol], Las Cruces de Candelaria [Zeledon]). — ZELEDON, An, Mus, Nac, de C. R., I, 1887, 128 (Las Cruces de Candelaria). — OGILVIE-GRANT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXII, 1893 (Dota [J. Carmiol]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I!I, 1903, 312 (Costa Rican references ). Bangs Collection: Volcan de Irazi (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Ujurras de Térraba (Carriker). Two skins. It is a very unusual occurrence to find two such closely related species occupying the same range as is found in the case of O. guttatus and veraguensis. O. guttatus is the northern form, going as far south 390 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. as some point in southern Chiriqui, probably to the Volcan de Chi- riqui, while the present species is a southern form, coming up from Panama into Costa Rica, probably as far as Irazi, but being more abundant in the mountains of southern Costa Rica. Both birds occur together on the Volcan de Chiriqui. Its habits are apparently the same as those of the preceding species. Family COLUMBIDA. KEY TO THE Cosra RICAN SPECIES. a. Under tail-coverts white or largely white (never with black malar stripe). 6. Rectrices more or less broadly tipped with white. c. Chin and upper portion of throat white or ashy-white. ad. Lower throat and chest rich chestnut-maroon; upper parts slaty-blue. Claravis mondetoura, &. dd. No chestnut-maroon on throat or chest, light slaty-blue or pale drab. e. Whole of pileum and hind-neck slaty-blue; belly and flanks white. Leptotila plumbeiceps, f & QO. ee. Hinderpart of pileum and nape olive-brown, like back; only center of belly white. Leptotila cassini vinaceiventris, 8, Q. cc. Chin and upper throat not white, nearly or quite concolorous with chest. d. Tail long and pointed; inner secondaries and tertials spotted with black. ' Zenaidura carolinensis, @ & QO. dd. Tail normal, slightly rounded; no black spots on tertials or secondaries. ¢. Outer wing-coverts and secondaries broadly edged with white, forming a prominent white wing-patch. Melopelia astiatica, f & Q. ee. No white on wings; chest buffy-vinaceous, breast buffy-ochra- ceous; back and wings grayish olive-brown. Leptotila verreauxt, 8 & Q. bb. No white on rectrices. c. Tail ashy-blue or chestnut-brown. d. Tail chestnut; breast and belly creamy-white; interscapular region violet-purple; back and wings purplish-chestnut. Geotrygon albiventer, @. dd. Tail ashy-blue; crown and nape metallic-green ; mantle and chest reddish-vinaceous; rump slaty-blue. Columba rufina, 3 & Q. cc. Tail sooty-black; feathers of hind-neck, breast, and fore-neck edged with metallic-green and purple, with white or cinnamon centers exposed ; back and wing-coverts chestnut-purple. Co/wmda speciosa. aa. Under tail-coverts not white (tipped with grayish-white in Columba albilinea crissalis). 6. Size small (wing not more than 100 mm.). c. Feathers of chest and fore-neck with partly concealed dusky centers. Chemepelia passerina neglecta. CARRIKER: List OF THE Birps OF Costa RICA. 391 cc. No dusky centers to feathers of chest. d. Small (wing not over 75 mm.); violet spots on wing-coverts and tertials. Chemepelia minuta. ad. Larger (wing about 90 mm.); short black bars on tertials; upper parts chestnut-brown (male) or olive-brown (female); below bright vinaceous (male) or buffy-drab (female). Chemepelia rufipennis rufipennis. 66. Larger (wing not less than 115 mm., usually more ). c. Lower parts largely slaty-blue, ashy-blue, or cinnamon-brown. d. Lower parts slaty- or ashy-blue. e. Entire upper parts slate-blue; wings spotted with black. Claravis pretiosa pretiosa, &. ee. Upper parts not slate-blue; nape and hind-neck metallic- green, interscapular region violet-purple ; a black malar stripe. jf. Wing-coverts, posterior portion of interscapulars, and rump chestnut-brown. Geotrygon costaricensis, @ & Q. ff. Wings, lower back, and rump dark metallic olive-green. Geotrygon lawrencet, 6 & Q. dd. Lower parts largely cinnamon-brown. e. Pileum and nape slaty-blue; wings, rump, and tail dark chest- nut-brown. Geotrygon chiriquensis, 8 & 2. ee. Pileum same color as wings and lower back, light cinnamon- brown. Geotrygon montana . cc. Lower parts not slaty-blue or cinnamon-brown. d. Under parts entirely deep purplish-vinaceous, or else with the abdo- men and under tail-coverts slaty-blue. e. Under parts entirely purplish-vinaceous; pileum and nape color of breast. jf. Back, wings, rump, and tail vinaceous-brown. Columba subvinacea, § & ° ff. Upper parts grayish-olive. Columba nigrirostris brunneicauda. ee. Only chest and breast purplish-vinaceous ; abdomen blue. Columba flavirostris minima, § & 9. dd, Under parts not as above. e. Upper parts dark metallic olive-green. f. Chest metallic-green; flanks and under tail-coverts cinna- mon-ochraceous. Geotrygon veraguensis, 6 & Q. ff. Chest ochraceous-drab ; flanks and under tail-coverts pale buffy-ochraceous. Geotrygon montana, 2. ee. Upper parts grayish-brown or slaty-olive. f. Smaller (wing about 110) ; tertials spotted with purple or chestnut-brown. g. Upper and under tail-coverts chestnut-brown, chest pale grayish-brown, spots on tertials chestnut. Claravis pretiosa pretiosa, Q. 392 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. gg. Upper tail-coverts olive-brown like back, lower buffy cream-color; chest dark grayish-olive, spots on wings purple. Claravis mondetoura, 2. ff. Larger (wing 200); a narrow white nuchal collar; hind neck bright metallic-green. Columba albilinea crissalis, 6 & Q. 1g. Columba speciosa Gmelin. Columba speciosa GMELIN, Syst. Nat. I, 1788, 783. — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 127 (Costa Rica). —SALVALORI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXI, 1893, 281 (Mexico and through Central America to Peru). —SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 233 (Buenos Aires [ Underwood ] ). -— BANGs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 291 (Boruca and Paso Real [ Underwood]). Bangs Collection: El General de Térraba (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Boruca (Carriker). Four skins. Three males from Costa Rica agree very closely with a single male from Santa Marta, Colombia, and with another from British Honduras, but the single female has the pileum bright cinnamon-rufous, while in birds from British Honduras and Santa Marta it is deep vinaceous, as in the male. ‘This may be due to immaturity, for one very young bird from British Honduras has the fore part of the crown light brown. This beautiful pigeon is found only in the southwestern part of the country, probably not outside of the Térraba Valley. It is abundant about Boruca and Buenos Aires, where it frequents the second growth woodland and the trees along the borders of the ‘‘sabanas.’’ Many young birds were seen about Buenos Aires during August. 20. Columba flavirostris minima subsp. nov. Columba flavirostris WWAGLER, Isis, 1831, 519 (Mexico). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 127 (Cartago, Turrialba, Alajuéla and El] Zarcéro de Alajuéla). —SALVADoRI, Cat. Birds Brit, Mus., XXI, 1893, 285 (Costa Rica [ J. Carmiol], Dota [Zeledén]).—SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 234 (Laguna de Coris, Tambor, Cuadros de Irazt, Tres Rios, Sarchi, Candelaria [ Underwood ] ). Chlorenas flavirostris LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 134 (Barranca [J. Carmiol], Dota [Zeledén]).— FRANrtTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 370 (Costa Rica), U. S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo (Ridgway & Zeled6én), Coliblanco (Ridgway), Naranjo de Cartago (Alfaro & Zeled6n). Bangs Collection: Juan Vifias and Bolson ( Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection;: Mute: Carnegie Museum: Bagaces and Ciruélas (Carriker). Three skins, CARRIKER: List OF THE BiRDS OF CosTA RIca. 393 Type, No. 27,884, Carnegie Museum Collection of Birds, adult 3, Ciruélas, Costa Rica, M. A. Carriker, Jr., Collector. Same as C. flavirostris flavirostris of Mexico and ‘Texas, except for its smaller size. Differs from C. flavirostris madrensis Nelson, in the same manner as that form differs from true flavirostris, viz., in the absence of white edgings on the wing-coverts. Birds from Sinaloa, Mexico, approach madrensts. A series of twenty-seven skins in the Collection of the American Museum of Natural History, from Montemorales, Nuevo Leon, Boquillo, and ‘Tampico, Mexico, and I.omita, Texas, measure as fol- lows: Memale—wing, 193-203 (195.5); tail, 125-138 (130.5). ‘ Male — wing, 196-210 (200.5) ; tail, 131-145 (135). Seven speci- mens in the Collection of the Carnegie Museum from Brownsville, Texas, measure as follows: d/a/e — wing, 195-200 (198); tail, 128- 139 (133-5); bill, 14; tarsus, 25-27 (26). emale—wing, 191- HOEwerg2)- tall, 128-134 (131); bill, 13-14.5 (14.5); tarsus, 25-27 (26). Average measurements for C. flavirostris flavirostris : Male — wing, (99.2; tail, 134.2; bill, 14; tarsus, 26. —Memale—wing, 193.7; tadeenso. 7 > bill, 14.5; tarsus, 26. Of the new form, nine specimens were examined, three in the Col- lection of the Carnegie Museum from Bagaces and Ciruélas, and six in the Collection of E. A. and O. Bangs, of which five were from Bolson and one from Juan Vinas. Measurements: M/a/e — wing, 171-183 (178); tail, 112-122 (114); tarsus, 22—24 (22.8); bill, 14.5-16 (15). Female — wing, 175-180 (178); tail, 111-120 (116) ; tarsus, 21- Zane22 ys Dill, 12-15 .( 14): Thus it will be seen that while the wing, tail, and tarsus of the Costa Rican bird are decidedly smaller than those of the northern, the bill is actually larger. The bird ranges over the plateau district, descending on the Carib- bean slope to about 2,000 feet, while on the Pacific it goes down practically to sea-level over a large part of Guanacaste and the shores of the Gulf of Nicoya. | 21. Columba rufina Temminck and Knip. Columba rufina SALVIN, Ibis, 1870, 115 (Costa Rica), — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac; de C. R., I,. 1887, 127 (Talamanca). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en Costa Rica, 1891-2, 1893, 53 (Lagarto and Buenos Aires). —SALVADORI, 394 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXI, 1893, 287 (Costa Rica [Carmiol]}). — UNDER- woob, Ibis, 1896, 447 (Miravalles). —SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr. - Am., Aves, III, 1902, 236 (Costa Rican references). — Banes, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 291 (Paso Real and El P6ézo de Térraba, Barranca de Puntarenas [ Underwood] ). U. S. National Museum: Pigres (Ridgway). Bangs Collection: Tenorio (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Miravalles. Carnegie Museum: Guapiles, Coronado de Térraba, Miravalles, Rio Sicsola (Carriker). Four skins. Specimens from Santa Marta, Colombia, Costa Rica, and British Honduras all agree very well one with another, there being only such differences as would most probably be due to age or individual variation. This species has a wide range, covering the lowlands of both coasts and the central plateau region up to 4,000 or even 5,000 feet, but is most abundant on the Pacific slope at an elevation of from 1,000 to 3,000 feet. It frequents the trees along the margins of the rivers, or in open woodland, or the clumps of trees scattered about in pastures and coffee-plantations. 22. Columba albilinea crissalis Salvadori. Chlorenas albtlinea LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 135 (Rancho Re- dondo [F. Carmiol], San Juan [Zeledén]). — CABANIs, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 211 (C. R.). — FRantTzius, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 370 (El Mojén and San Juan. ) Columba albilinea ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 127 (San José and Alajuéla). —CHERRIE, Auk, 1892, 328 (San José, rare; common at high altitude on Irazi). Columba albilineata BOUCARD, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 43 (Desamparados). — NuTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 498 (Cot, Irazi). Columba crissalis SALVADORI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXI, 1893, 294 (Rancho Redondo [J. Carmiol], Volcan de Cartago [Arcé]). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 238 (La Carpintera, El] Berilla, Ei Salitrillo, Tres Rios, Azahar de Cartago, Estrella de Cartago, Cedral de Candelaria, Carrillo [ Underwood]). Columba albilinea crissalis BANGS, Proc. New. Eng. Zool. Club, III, 23 (Chiriqui). U. S. Nat. Museum: Volcan de Turrialba (Ridgway & Zeled6n), Santa Maria de Dota (Basulto), La Carpintera. Bangs Collection: La Estrella de Cartago and Escazt (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Volcan de Poas. Fleming Collection: Slopes of Irazti (Underwood). —— ee —— CARRIKDR® LIST OF THE BrrDS or ‘CosTA Rica. 395 Carnegie Museum: Ujurras de Teérraba, Miravalles, Bagaces (Car- riker). Five skins. Upon comparing Costa Rican with South American specimens of C. albilinea, it is at once evident that the northern bird is not entitled to specific rank, for the differences are not such as could be used for separating it specifically. As a general rule this handsome bird is to be found only at quite high altitudes, where it breeds, being induced to descend in search of food only at certain times of the year. In April I noticed it in considerable numbers on the Volcan de Irazt above timber-line. Mr. Lankester noted it in abundance on Poas, while in September they were numerous on the high ridges of the Talamanca Cordillera above Ujurras (about 7,000 feet), feeding upon the acorns which were just beginning to fall. Their flesh was so bitter from this cause that they could not be eaten. 23. Columba nigrirostris brunneicauda n. subsp. Columba nigrirostris SCLATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 390 (Oaxaca, Mexico). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 127 (Talamanca). —- SALVADoRI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXI, 1893, 322 (Turrialba [ Arcé]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1902, 239 (Rio Matina, Naranjo de Cartago, Trojas, Reventazén, Pozo Pital, Siptrio, Sarchi de Grecia, Juan Vifias, Guayabal [Underwood]).— BANGs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 292 (Boruca, El P6zo and Paso Real de Térraba [ Underwood]). Chlorenas nigrirostris FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 371 (Costa Rica). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 135 (Costa Rica [Arcé]; Coll. of O. Salvin). U. S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo (Ridgway & Zeledén), Bonilla (Ridg- way ) (Basulto), Pigres (Zeledon). Bangs Collection: Pdézo Azul, El General de Térraba (Underwood). Cre eeankester Collection : Ciruélas, Turrucares. Carnegie Museum: Pozo Azul, Guapiles, Boruca, KE] Hogar (Carriker). Four skins. ype, adult ¢&, Guapiles, March 3, 1903, collected by M. A. Car- Hket jt... and |. ©. Crawford. - Collection Carnegie. Museum, No. £27105. Differs from C. nigrirostris nigrirostris in its smaller size, deeper vinaceous tint of under parts, in having a brown tail, and in having the under tail-coverts concolorous with the abdomen. True zigrirostris from British Honduras has the tail decidedly sooty- grayish, while the coverts are bluish-slate, tipped with bluish-vinaceous. 396 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. In Costa Rican birds there is only a slight amount of bluish at the base of the feathers, or none. ‘The Costa Rican birds have the basal two- thirds of the inner web of three outer rectrices bright russet-brown, while in true wgrzrosiris there is only a trace of brown. The new form has the upper parts paler and more olive-brown and the pileum brighter with no trace of purplish. Measurements of C. mzgrirostris nigrirostris: Male, wing, 161 ; tail, 129. Measurements of C. nigrirostris brunneicauda: Male, wing 155 ; tatl, 122. Confined entirely to the lower portions of the country, on both coasts, seldom going above 2,oo0 feet and more abundant at about 1,000 feet or lower. Like all members of the genus they keep pretty well to the tree-tops, more open woodland, and fringes of trees along streams. 24. Columba subvinacea (Lawrence). Chlorenas subvinacea LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N, Y., IX, 1868, 135 (Dota, Feb. 26, 1867 [F. Carmiol]).—SALVIN, Ibis, 1869, 317 (crit. ). — FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 317 (San Antonio). Columba subvinacea BOUCARD, Proc. Zool. Soc, Lond., 1878, 43 (Candelaria). — ZELEDON, An. Mus, Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 127 (Las Trojas and Naranjo de Cartago). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 53 (Lagarto); Expl. Zool. Rio Naranjo, 1893, 7 (P6zo del Pital). — SALVAporI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., X XI, 1893, 326 ( Barranca [J. Carmiol], San José [J. Carmiol]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1902, 239 (Azahar de Cartago and Sarchi de Grecia [ Underwood]). U. S. National Museum: Guayabo (Ridgway & Zeled6on), Coliblanco (Ridgway), Bonilla (Basulto), Las Trojas (Alfaro), Turrialba (J. Cooper). Bangs Collection: Sarchi, La Estrella de Cartago, Azahar de Cartago (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Guacimo. Fleming Collection: Cachi (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Ujuras de Térraba (Carriker). One skin. Habits and range nearly the same as those of the preceding species, although the present form is often taken at higher altitudes. 25. Zenaidura carolinensis (Linnzus). Zenaidura carolinensis LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc, N. Y., IX, 139 (Volcan Irazi [Cooper], San José [J. Carmiol]).— FRANTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 372 (San José). — BoucarD, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 43 (San José, Jan. to CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BirRDS OF CosTA RICA. 397 May). — SALVADOR], Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXI, 1893, 374 (San José [Cal- leja and J. Carmiol]). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 447 (Miravalles to Bebe- déro). —SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1902, 242 (Ala- juéla, San Lucas, Azahar de Cartago, Bebedéro, Miravalles [Underwood] ). Zenaidura macroura ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de Costa Rica, I, 1887, 128 (San Mateo and Faldas de Irazi).— CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 53 (Buenos Aires) ; Auk, IX, 1892, 329 (San José, seems to be resi- dent as birds are taken every month in the year; no knowledge of breeding). Bangs Collection: Escazt, March 13 (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Miravalles and El Hogar. Carnegie Museum: La Hondura (Carriker). One skin. The Carolina Dove is quite abundant during the winter months in some localities, but few are ever seen on the Caribbean lowlands. They much prefer the dryer portion of the plateau district and the western slope, where they are quite common. Mr. Cherrie states that the bird is probably resident at San José, but knows nothing of their breeding there. While it is true that a few birds do remain through the summer, I have no doubt that it is due to the same causes which influence some of the shore-birds to remain during the same season, namely, inability to make the long flight necessary for the return trip north, through injury or sickness at the time that the bulk of the birds leave, or through some sexual derangement whereby they do not feel the breeding instinct which impels the northern visitors to return to their breeding haunts. 26. Melopelia asiatica (Linnzus). Melopelia leucoptera LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 139 (San José [J. Carmiol]).— FRANTzIUs, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 372 (Costa Rica). —Nut- TING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 408 (La Palma de Nicoya). — ZELE- DON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 127 (San Mateo). — SALVADOR], Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., X XI, 1893, 392 (C. R. [J. Carmiol]).— UNDERWooD, Ibis, 1896, 447 (Miravalles, common, in flocks). —SALvIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am. Aves, III, 1902, 245 (San Lucas, Bebedéro, Bagaces, Miravalles [ Underwood] ). U. S. Nat. Museum: Santo Domingo de San Mateo (Ridgway). Bangs Collection: Bolson, Dec. 18, Tenorio, Feb. 3-13, Cerro de Santa Maria, Jan. 9, Miravalles, Nov. 25, Pozo Azul de Pirris, Feb. 16 (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Guanacaste and Turrtcares. Carnegie Museum: Bebedéro, May 1, Miravalles, May 17, 1906 (Car- riker). Two skins. 398 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Confined almost entirely to the Pacific coast region, Nicoya, and Guanacaste, coming up upon the central plateau in small numbers, where it is sometimes taken in the vicinity of San José. It is particu- larly fond of the ‘‘sabanas’’ and sparsely wooded district of Guana- . caste, where it is often met with in considerable numbers. | 27. Chemepelia passerina neglecta n. subsp. Chamepelia passerina LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., 1X, 1869, 139 (San José [J. Carmiol], Cartago [J. Cooper]).— FRANtTzIUs, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 371 (Costa Rica). — BoucaARD, Proc, Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 43 (near San José). — Ripeway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus,, V, 1882, 502 (Irazt [ Nutting]). — Nut- TING, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 408 (La Palma de Nicoya). — SALVA- DORI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXI, 1893 (San José [J. Carmiol], Irazt [ Rogers]),—UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 447 (Miravalles). — SALVIN and Gop- MAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 250 ( Bebedéro and Alajuéla [ Underwood] ). Columbigallina passerina ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 127 (San José). —CHERRIE, Auk, VIT, 1890, 333 (San José ; common resident, breeds); IX, 1892, 329 (San José, common). Columbigallina passerina pallescens RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 523 (San Carlos). U. S. Nat. Museum: Alajuéla (Alfaro), San José (Underwood). Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia: Bagaces and Bebedéro (Underwood ). C. H, Lankester Collection: Cachit Bangs Collection: Tenorio, Coralillo, San José, Los Cuadros de Irazu (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: San José, Miravalles, Esparta (Carriker). Five skins. Type, adult ¢, Esparta, June 5, 1907, M. A. Carriker jae lector ; Collection Carnegie Museum, No. 28,274. Nearest to C. passerina granatina and pallescens. The male differs from ja//escens in being darker above, decidedly brownish on back, scapulars, and rump, while the wings and lower parts are much lighter vinaceous. In /a//escens the under tail-coverts are decidedly grayish, edged with grayish-white, whereas in the new form they are quite brownish, edged with grayish-vinaceous. It is distinguished from granatina in being much deeper vinaceous below, especially on the flanks and abdomen, which are concolorous with, or darker than, the breast, while gvazazina has the same parts much paler, the center of the abdomen being white, with the under tail-coverts pale gray, broadly edged with white, almost concealing the gray cen- ters of the feathers ; the wing is much ruddier, that of g7anadina being pale gray on the outer secondaries and coverts. CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CostTa RICA. 399 The female differs very decidedly from that of pal/escens in being very dusky below, almost buffy-drab with a slight vinaceous tint while the former is decidedly grayish below without buffy or vinaceous ; the wings and upper parts are also much darker. C. fp. granatina (female) is entirely grayish-white below, with the wings very pale. Abundant over the entire plateau region and northern portion of the Pacific slope and lowlands, extending rarely into the Caribbean plain. In the Térraba region it seems to be supplanted by the two following species of the genus. 28. Chemepelia minuta (Linnzus). Columba minuta LINN@US, Syst. Nat., I, 1766, 285. Chemepelia minuta BANGS, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 292 (Paso Real de Térraba, July [ Underwood ]). Carnegie Museum: Buenos Aires de Teérraba. Five specimens (Carriker). As far as known at the present time the only locality occupied by this little dove is the upper portion of the Térraba Valley, chiefly on the ‘‘sabanas’’ surrounding Buenos Aires, where it is fairly abundant. Its presence here is very unusual, since it is apparently an isolated colony. It seems to be abundant from British Honduras to southern Mexico and is again found sparingly in Panama, but has never been recorded in any other part of Costa Rica, Nicaragua, or Chiriqui. Its habits are essentially the same as those of the other species of the genus, and at Buenos Aires it is found in company with C. ruf- pennis rufipennis. 29. Chemepelia rufipennis rufipennis (Bonaparte). Talpacotia rufipennis BONAPARTE Consp. Avium, II, 1854, 79. Chamepelia rufipennis LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc, N. Y., IX, 1868, 139 (San José [J. Carmiol]). —FRaAnrzius, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 372 (Ordsi). — Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 43 (Puntarenas, May). — SALVADORI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXI, 1893, 487 (Costa Rica [Endres]).—SALVIN and GopMaAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1902, 253 (Costa Rican references). Columbigallina rufipennis ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de Costa Rica, I, 1887, 127 (Las Trojas). —-CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 53 (Térraba Valley). Chamepelia talpacoti rufipennis NUTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 408 (La Palma de Nicoya). Chemepelia rufipennis rufipennis BANGS, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 292 (Boruca, El Pozo, and Barranca de Térraba [Underwood]). 400 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. U.S. Nat. Museum: Pigres (Ridgway), Puntarenas. C. H. Lankester Collection: Cachi. Carnegie Museum: Miravalles, El Pozo, Boruca (Carriker). Five skins. Much less common in Costa Rica than C. fasserina neglecta, and seems to be confined chiefly to the lowlands of the Pacific, around the Gulf of Nicoya and in the Térraba Valley, being abundant in the latter region. There are few records of its occurrence in the interior, although Boucard took it at Ordsi and Lankester at Cachi, localities near to each other at an altitude of about 2,500 feet in the valley of the Rio Reventazon, It was very common at all points visited in the Térraba region (except Ujurras) frequenting the grass-grown shores of the Rio Grande in company with Claravis pretiosa, and it was a common sight to see small flocks of them about the houses in Boruca and Buenos Aires. Their food seems to consist chiefly of the seeds of grass and weeds. 30. Claravis pretiosa pretiosa (Ferrari-Perez). Pertstera pretiosa FERRARI-PEREZ, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., [X, 1886, 175 (Jalapa, Mexico ; crit. ). Peristera cinerea LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 138 (Gulf of Nicoya ; coll. of O. Salvin). — Franrztius, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 371 (Nicoya). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 127 (Las Trojas, Alajuéla, San José, Naranjo de Cartago). — CHERRIE, Auk, IX, 1892, 329 (San José, tolerably common resident). — SALVADORI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXI, 1893, 491 (La Barranca [Arcé], Costa Rica [J. Carmiol]),— UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 447 (Miravalles; few seen). —SALVIN and GOpDMAN, Biol. Centr.- Am., Aves, III, 1902, 255 (Miravalles, Laguna de Cartago, Talamanca, Tres Rios, Turrialba [Underwood ]). Cliravis pretiosa OBERHOLSER, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, 203 (crit. ). Claravis pretiosa pretiosa BANGS, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 292 ( Boruca, Paso Real, and El Pozo de Térraba [ Underwood] ). U.S. Nat. Museum: Bonilla (Ridgway) (Basulto), Pigres (Ridgway & Zeledon), San Sebastian de San José, Laguna de Cartago; Tala- manca (Cherrie), San José and Alajuéla (Alfaro). Fleming Collection: La Estrella de Cartago (Underwood). Bangs Collection: Pozo Azul de Pirris (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: San José, Guapiles, El Hogar, El Pozo de Térraba (Carriker). Thirteen skins. A series of Costa Rican birds differ among themselves in the num- ber and size of the black spots on the wings, some being very heavily CARRIKER: WAIST -OF THE BIRDS’ OF COSTA RICA. 401 spotted, while others have scarcely any spots. ‘They do not differ appreciably from specimens from British Honduras. A young male from the latter locality shows an interesting phase of plumage, having the upper parts as in the adult female, with a blue feather appearing here and there on the shoulders, while the lower parts and under wing- coverts are entirely blue as in the adult male. One of the most abundant of the Costa Rican pigeons, ranging over the lowlands of both coasts and over the entire central plateau district, but being more abundant in the interior and on the Pacific lowlands, especially in the southern part. They are almost, if not entirely, terrestrial in their habits, alighting in trees only when alarmed or roosting. They are fond of the river-banks and abandoned fields where the seeds of weeds and grasses abound. 31. Claravis mondetoura (Bonaparte). Peristera mondetoura BONAPARTE, Compte Rend., XLII, 1856, 765.--LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 139 (Birris [Zeledon]). — FRANTZz1Us, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 371 (Birris). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887 (Cot de Cartago). — SALVADORI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXI, 1893, 495 (Central America). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1902, 256 (Irazu [ Underwood]). Claravis mondetoura OBERHOLSER, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, 233 (crit. ). Bangs Collection: Cartago (1), La Estrella de Cartago (19) (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Volcan de Irazu (Carriker). One male. One of the rarest of the doves, and found only at the higher alti- tudes in the forest, where it apparently always keeps on, or near, the ground. ‘The specimen taken on the Volcan de Irazti was secured in the dense forest at an elevation of about 8,o00 feet. Another was seen on the Volcan de Turrialba, in October, 1907, in an extremely dense piece of woodland just below timberline. 32. Leptotila verreauxi Bonaparte. Leptoptila verreauxt BONAPARTE, Conspec. Av., II, 1854, 73 (New Granada), — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 137 (San José and Barrranca [J. Carmiol], Dota [F. Carmiol]).— FRANTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 371 (Costa Rica). —Boucarb, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 43 (San José). — SALVADOR], Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXI, 1893, 548 (San José [ J. Carmiol] ). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 447 (Miravalles). —SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1902, 260 (Bellavista, Alajuéla, San Lucas and Bebedéro [Underwood] ). —- BANGs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 292 (Boruca, Paso Real, and El Pozo de Térraba [ Underwood). 402 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Leptoptila riottei LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 137 (Navarro [J. CooPER |). — FRANTZIUS, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 371. Engyptila verreauxi NUTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 408 (La Palma de Nicoya).—-RipGway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 502 (Irazt [ Nut- ting]). —ZELEDON, An. Mus, Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 127 (Las Trojas, San Mateo, San José, and Cartago). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 53 (Lagarto) ; Expl. Zool. Rio Naranjo, 1393, 7 (El Pézo del Pital) ; Auk, IX, 1892, 329 (San José, tolerably common). U. 5S. Nat. Museum: Pigres (Ridgway). American Mus. Nat. History: San José (Underwood). Acad. of Nat. Sci. Philadelphia: Bebedéro (Underwood). Bangs Collection: Pdézo Azul, Bolson, San José (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Bebedéro, Miravalles, San Mateo, El Pozo de Térraba, Boruca, Buenos Aires (Carriker). Eight skins. Found only on the Pacific slope of the plateau region, from San José westward, more abundantly at lower altitudes. Abundant all over Nicoya and Guanacaste up to Nicaragua and in the Térraba Val- ley. JI found it quite common at Buenos Aires. It is very fond of running along roads and paths, especially where they pass through woodland. Like all the species of the genus it keeps near the ground and is fond of thickets and second-growth woodland. 33. Leptotila plumbeiceps Sclater and Salvin. Leptoptila plumbeiceps SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1868, 59 (Vera Paz in Guatemala and Mexico). — BANGs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXII, 1909, 29 (Bolson, Dec, 18-23, 1907 [ Underwood] ). It is rather remarkable that this pigeon should be found in Costa Rica, having never been recorded south of Guatemala and Honduras. The specimens are typical A/wmbeiceps, agreeing with birds from Mexico. There are two males collected by C. F. Underwood at Bolson, on the Tempisque River, December 18 and 23, 1907. 34. Leptotila cassini vinaceiventris (Ridgway). Engyptila vinaceiventris RIDGWAY, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., X, 1887, 583 (‘Truxillo, Honduras ['Townsend]). Leptoptila cassini LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 137 (San José [J. Carmiol], Tucurriqui [Zeledon]).— FRANTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 371 (Tucurriqui). —Boucarp, P. Z. S., 1878, 43 (San Carlos). — SALVADOR], Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXI, 560 (Costa Rica). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 447 (Miravalles). —SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 262 (Cartago and Carrillo [Underwood ]). Leptotila cassini vinaceiventris BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIX, 102 (Miravalles and Juan Vinas [Underwood] ). CcApRikne List OF THE Brrps or Costa. RICA; 403 U. S. Nat. Museum: Bonilla (Ridgway), Jiménez (Alfaro). Bangs Collection: Tenorio, La Vijagua, Cachi, Cerro de Santa Maria (Underwood). Fleming Collection: Cariblanco (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Gudapiles, El Hogar, Cuabre, and Rio Sicsola (Carriker). Nine skins. Upon comparison of a good series of birds from Panama (true Z. cassini) with those from Honduras (Z. vinaceiventris), it becomes evident at once that the northern bird is no more than a race of cassznz. All Costa Rican birds examined proved to be referable to the northern form, some being not quite typical, while others could not be distin- guished from birds from Honduras. Confined almost entirely to the Caribbean lowlands, from sea-level up to about 3,000 feet, although some stragglers go higher. It is most abundant, however, between 500 and 1,500 feet. It is also occasionally to be met with on the Pacific slope in northern Guana- caste, evidently crossing from one side to the other along the southern shores of Lake Nicaragua. ‘The habits of this species differ slightly from other Costa Rican species of the genus, this bird, after the man- ner of Geotrygon, keeping more to the thick forest, feeding on the ground, and, when flushed, alighting in low trees and shrubbery. 35. Leptotila rufinucha Sclater and Salvin. Leptoptila rufinucha SCLATER and SALVIN, Nomencl. Av. Neotrop., 1873, 133 and 162 ( Veragua). — SALVADORI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXI, 1893, 562 (Costa Rica). —SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ITI, 1902, 264 ( Pacific lowlands, Pozo Pital, Tambor, Pirris [Underwood 77 /¢¢.]). — BANGs, Auk, 1907, 292 (Boruca and El P6zo [Underwood]). Engyptila rufinucha, ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac, de C. R., I, 1887, 127 (Pézo Azul). —CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 53 (Palmar, Boruca, Lagarto, and Buenos Aires). U. S. Nat. Museum: Trojas (Alfaro), Pigres (Zeled6én). Bangs Collection: El General de Térraba (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: El] Pozo, Boruca, and Buenos Aires (Carriker). Eight skins. Ranges over the southwestern part of the country, coming up from Panama, and is most abundant in the Térraba Valley. It has been taken more rarely upon the Pacific coastal plain as far as the head of the Gulf of Nicoya. Zeled6on records a specimen from Alajuéla which must have been a straggler, while I think there can be no doubt 404 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. that the record for La Candelaria by Underwood (Biologia) is a mis- take, and should refer either to verreauxi or cassini vinacetventris. It is one of the most abundant pigeons in the Térraba Valley, living under the same conditions as LZ. verreauxt, with which it is frequently associated in the same locality. The birds of this genus are not gre- garious, only being met with singly or in pairs. 36. Geotrygon violacea albiventer Lawrence. Geotrygon violacea SALVADOR], Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., X XI, 1893, 565, parz. (Cen- tral America). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 447. Geotrygon albiventer LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 135 (Angostura [| Carmiol]). Bangs Collection: Tenorio and Miravalles, three specimens (Under- wood). It is impossible to tell exactly what part of Costa Rica the range of this bird covers, there being but three records of its occurrence. The first known record is that of Lawrence, under G. a/diventer, and not the specimens taken by Underwood at Miravalles, as stated by Salvin in a note under that species in Underwood’s List. It would seem that the bird is practically confined to northwestern Costa Rica in the region of the volcanoes Miravalles and Tenorio, where, according to Underwood, it is not so extremely rare. The only other record is from Angostura, in the valley of the Rio Reventazén at about 2,000 feet. Its habits are evidently similar to those of G. montana. I have seen but one slightly immature bird of G. wolacea, from South America, and consequently could make no close comparison of that species with the one from Central America, but the close resem- blance of that one skin to Costa Rican birds, combined with the statement made by Messrs. Salvin and Godman (Biologia) that the Central American bird is separated from the Brazilian only on the character of its more vinous forehead and cheeks and by the more intense violet-blue on the mantle, lead me to the conclusion that the Central American bird should be made a subspecies of the Brazilian, as given above. 37. Geotrygon montana (Linnezus). Columba montana LANNAUS, Syst. Nat., I, 1766, 131. Geotrygon montana GOSSE, Birds of Jamaica, 320. LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 135 (Angostura [J. & F. Carmiol]).— FRAntTZz1us, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 371 (Ordsi). —Boucarb, P. Z. S., 1878, 43 (San Carlos).-- ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 127 (Angostura and Birris de CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BirpDsS oF Costa RICA. 405 Cartago).—SALVADORI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXI, 1893, 567. — UNDER- woop, Ibis, 1896, 447 (Miravalles).-—- BANGs, Auk, 1907, 292 ( Boruca and El P6zo [ Underwood ]).—SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, IIT, 265 (Sabanilla de Pirris [Underwood zz /¢/.]). Bangs Collection: Pozo Aztl, Buenos Aires, Tenorio, El General and Cerro de Santa Maria (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: El Pozo de Térraba and Boruca (Carriker). Two females. There seems to be no appreciable difference between birds from Costa Rica, Colombia, and British Honduras. The range of this species covers the whole of the central highlands (not above 4,000 feet) and the entire Pacific coast belt down to a point near sea-level, wherever there are dense primeval forests. I have never seen it, nor are there any records for it, on the Caribbean lowlands, that is below 2,000 feet.. The lowest point seems to be Angostura on the Reven- tazon River. It inhabits only the dense forest, keeping on or near the ground, and when alighting above the earth always chooses a low limb or vine. They are often to be seen walking about on the ground like par- tridges. I found a nest at El Pozo late in June, which contained one young bird, nearly fledged. The nest was a rude platform of twigs and leaves, placed in a small palm in the thick forest, two feet from the ground. ‘The female left the nest on my approach, fluttering along the ground with dragging wings, acting to perfection the part of a crippled bird, in order to lure me away from her nest. 38. Geotrygon veraguensis Lawrence. Geotrygon veraguensis LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VIII, 349 ( Veragua [J. K. Merritt] ).— SALVADoRI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXI, 1893, 575 (Panama and Veragua).—SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1902, 207%. Geotrygon rufiventris LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., XI, 1874, 90 (Talamanca [ Cooper-Gabb Exped. ]). Bangs Collection: Reventazén, 1% (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Cudbre <, and El Hogar o&' & & (Carriker). Lawrence’s type of this species was undoubtedly a female, as stated by Salvin and Godman (Biologia), although there is little difference between the sexes, except in the color of the forehead and cheeks. A male from Talamanca (Cuabra) is exactly the same as a male from northeastern Costa Rica (El Hogar). 406 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. The range of the present species covers the coastal plain of the Caribbean from Panama to Nicaragua, but it is probably never found above 800 or 1,000 feet. In Talamanca, as well as at El Hogar, other birds were seen besides the ones secured, and always on the ground in the thick, dark forest in some wet spot, either along the edges of a small sluggish creek or about a boggy spring. It would seem that they feed upon small slugs and larvz which are found in wet places. When flushed they will fly for fifty or a hundred feet and again alight on the ground. Two pairs were seen at El Hogar besides the ones secured. 39. Geotrygon lawrencei Salvin. Geotrygon veraguensis SALVIN (nec Lawr.), P. Z. S., 1867, 159 (Santiago de Veraguas). Geotrygon lawrencit SALVIN, Ibis, 1874, 329 (Veragua). — SALVADOR], Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXI, 1893, 576 ( Veragua). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Bio- logia Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1902, 266 (Panama). — CARRIKER, Ann, Car- negie-Museum, Vol. IV, 1908, 302 (Carrillo). Bangs Collection: Cariblanco, Aug., 1899, and Tenorio, Jan., 1908 (Underwood ). Carnegie Museum: Carrillo, Aug. 20, 1905, co (Carriker). This is perhaps one of the rarest of the Costa Rican pigeons, but is also very rare throughout the whole of its range. ‘The four birds re- corded above are the only ones I know of having been taken in the country. Its habits are apparently similar to those of G. costaricensts, to which it is most nearly related. 40. Geotrygon costaricensis Lawrence. Geotrygon costaricensis LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., [X, 1868, 136 (Frantzius). — FRANTzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 371 (Las Cruces de Candelaria). — BoucarD, P. Z. S., 1878, 43 (La Candelaria). —NuTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882 (Irazi). — RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 502 (San José (?)).— ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 127 (Rancho Redondo). — SALVADoRI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXI, 1893, 577 (Cande- laria). —SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1902, 267 (Azahar de Cartago, Estrella de Cartago, Turrialba, Carrillo [Underwood an ltt. |). F U. S. Nat. Museum: Burgos (Castro), La Estrella and Volcan de Turrialba. Bangs Collection: Cachi, Irazt, Escazi (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui. Carnegie Museum: Cordillera de Talamanca (7,000 feet) (Carriker). One male. CArPRIKER: LisT OF THE Birps or Costa Rica. 407 Messrs. Salvin and Godman (Biologia) say that ‘‘ The true G. Zawrencel is replaced in Costa Rica by this species.’’ From lack of material they have failed to observe the great differences between the two birds. With adult males of both species before me the differ- ences are so apparent that no confusion should arise. G. dawrencei has a white forehead, dark grass-green nape, deep violet-purple mantle, with the back and wings deep olive-brown or sepia. G. costaricensis has a cinnamon-buff forehead, lighter and more metallic- green nape, mantle more vinous-purple and the back and wings rich purplish-chestnut. In /awrencez the slaty-blue of the under parts ex- tends to the belly, while in costaricensis it covers only the upper half of the breast. This is a bird exclusively of the forest and is rarely found at low altitudes, being confined to the piateau region and the high mountains. Like all the species of the genus it keeps close to the ground. 41. Geotrygon chiriquensis Sclater. Geotrygon chiriquensis SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1856, 143 (Chiriqui, Panama). — SCLATER and SALVIN, Exotic Orn., 1867, Plate LXII. — Boucarp, P. Z,S., 1878, 43 (Irazu and La Candelaria). —ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 127 (La Candelaria, El Zarcero de Alajuéla). — SALVADoRI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., X XI, 1893, 579 (Veragua and Costa Rica).—SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1902, 270 (Tarrazi [Underwood zx fit). Geotrygon ceruleiceps LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., 1X, 1868, 137 (Cervantes { Zeledon] ). —FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 371 (Cervantes). Bangs Collection: La Estrella, Cerro de Santa Maria (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Ujurras de Térraba (Carriker). Four skins. An adult male and female are exactly alike with the exception that the male is a little larger and has the violet-purple of the mantle deeper and brighter and extending further backward. Of two imma- ture males, one agrees with Mr. Salvadori’s description (Cat. Birds Brit. Mus.) of the immature, the other (a little older) has attained the plumage of the adult on the head and lower parts, but still has some of the secondaries and tertials as well as lesser wing-coverts and scapulars with black subterminal bars. Found sparingly over the higher portions of the plateau region and the higher mountains, wherever virgin forest still persists in any quan- tity. I found them fairly abundant in the heavy forest near the con- tinental divide at the headwaters of the Rio Ceibo, a tributary of the 408 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Rio General de Térraba. They are partial to the deep dark ravines,” where they feed on the ground, alighting on low limbs when flushed. Two nests were found on September 16, 1907. ‘They were both placed on the ends of slender trees hanging over the sides of a deep ravine, and in such inaccessible places that the eggs were broken in attempt- ing to secure them. ‘They were apparently fresh and of a deep cream- color. Family RALLIDA. 42. Aramides axillaris Lawrence. Aramides axillaris LAWRENCE, Proc, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, 107 ( Bar- ranquilla, Colombia). —SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIII, 1894 (no Costa Rican records). —SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 318 (no Costa Rican records). — BANGs, Am. Nat., 1907, 483 (one specimen from Costa Rica [Underwood] ). The single specimen recorded by Mr. Bangs from Costa Rica is an immature bird collected by Underwood, probably at Carrillo, and can- not be confused with any other species, since the immature plumage of this bird is very different from any other occurring in Costa Rica, and furthermore it agrees with young birds from Mexico. Since the above record was published I am informed that a slightly immature male of this species was taken by C. F. Underwood at Lepanto, March 16, Igo9. It is not at all strange that this bird should be found in the region in question, the fact that it occurs north and south of it making it more than probable that it should be found in Costa Rica. Why it should be so rare is a mystery. 43. Aramides cajanea (Miiller). Fulica cajanea, P. L. S. MULLER, Syst. Nat. Suppl., 1776, 119. Aramides cayennensis LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., 1X, 1868, 143 (Santa Ana [Zeledon]). — RicHMonD, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 528 ( Pacific slope [Alfaro], Ta’amanca [Gabb]).—CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1881-2, 1893, 53 ( Boruca and Buenos Aires). Aramides plumbeicollis UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 450 ( Miravalles). Aramides cayanea, SHARPE, Cat, Birds Brit. Mus., XXIII, 1894, 57 (no C. R. reference). Aramides cajanea BANGS, Am. Nat., XLI, 483 (Talamanca District and Pozo Azul) ; Auk, 1907, 291 ( Boruca [Underwood ]). Aramides chiricote SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1903, 318: (Costa Rica). Bangs Collection: El General de Térraba (Underwood). —e OS CARRIKER: List oF THE BIRDS OF COSTA RICA. 409 Carnegie Museum: Pozo Azul, Buenos Aires, Rio Sicsola (Carriker) ; Pézo Aztl (Underwood). Four skins. This species seems to range over the lowlands both of the Caribbean and Pacific up to perhaps 1,500 feet. It never leaves the forest, pre- ferring wet or boggy spots or the banks of creeks. It is very shy, running swiftly away at the slightest disturbance, and to secure them the greatest caution must be used in walking through the forest. ‘They will usually run a few feet when first seeing anyone, then stop or walk slowly for a few seconds before running swiftly, and at that moment must be secured, for they will not be seen again. 44. Aramides albiventris plumbeicollis (Zeledén). Aramides plumbeicollis ZELEDON, An. Mus, Nac. de C. R., 1, 1887, 131; II, 1888, 3 (Jiménez [Alfaro]). — RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 528 (Jiménez). — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIII, 1894, Note, p. 53. — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1903, 320 (Car- rillo [Underwood]). Aramides cayennensis FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 375. Aramides albiventris plumbeicollis BANGS, Am. Nat., XLI, 1907, 483 (Jiménez, Carrillo, Cariblanco [ Underwood] ). Carnegie Museum: El Hogar, Guapiles, Vol. Turrialba (2,000 feet) G@amaker). Lhree skins. Confined entirely to the Caribbean lowlands, and probably only in the northeastern part, since there are no records of its presence in southeastern Costa Rica, and all specimens recorded from Talamanca belong to the preceding species, A. cajanea. Its habitat and habits are the same as for the preceding. 45. Porzana carolina (Linnzus). Rallus carolinus LINNAUS, Syst. Nat., I, 366, 1766. Porzana carolina SCLATER and SALVIN, Ibis, 1859, 230. — CHERRIE, Auk, 1890, 332; 1892, 329 (San José, 1881 [Zeledon]). —SALVIN and GopmaN, Biol. Centr.-Am. Aves, III, 1903 (Laguna de Cartago [ Underwood 7 /¢t.]). Crex carolina FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 375 (Costa Rica). Bangs Collection: San José, Alajuéla, San Pedro (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Turrtcares. It is surprising that there are so few records of the taking of this rail in Costa Rica, because it becomes quite common during the winter at many places. I saw numerous birds in the vicinity of Guapiles and Jiménez during the winter of 1906, and in October, 1907, they were abundant at Turrtcares, being hunted as game-birds by some of the 410 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. foreigners at San José. They prefer wet grassy tracts of the rice-fields, most of the birds at Turricares being seen in the latter places. 46. Creciscus albigularis (Lawrence). Corethura albigularis LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VII, 1861, 302 (Panama), Porzana albigularis SCLATER and SALVIN, Exotic Orn., 1868, 109 (Barranca, Costa Rica, one specimen [Arcé]). Creciscus albigularis SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIII, 1894, 140 (from Colombia to Costa Rice. and Nicaragua). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.- Am., Aves, III, 1903, 324. Porzana alfart RrpGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X, 1887, 111 (Las Trojas [ Alfaro] ). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 131. Creciscus alfara SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIII, 1894, 141, note. Mr. Bangs, while recently in Washington, carefully examined the type of Porzana alfari, and informs me that it is a slightly immature specimen of C. albigularis and not of C. ciénereiceps as placed by Mr. Richmond in his synonymy of that species (Auk, XII, 1895, 19). In addition. to this specimen we have the bird taken at Barranca by Arcé, cited in ‘‘ Exotic Ornithology.’’ There are no records fone. cinereiceps from the Pacific coast, probably only this species occurring there in very small numbers. 47. Creciscus cinereiceps (Lawrence). Porzana cinereiceps \AAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., XI, 1875, 90 (Talamanca [Gabb]). — RIcHMoND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, XVI, 1893, 528 (Rio Frio).—ZELED6N, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., 1591667 ,0am (Pacuare ), Creciscus cinereiceps SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIII, 1894, 141, note and p. 337.—SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1903, 325 (Pacuarito, Desamparados, Jiménez, Reventazon, Sipurio, Juan Vinas, Azahar de Cartago, Carrillo [Underwood 7x “tt. ]). Creciscus albigularis SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIII, 1894, 140, part. — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1903, 324, part. (Las Trojas [ Alfaro]). Porzana albigularis ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 131. — SCLATER and SALVIN, Exotic Orn., 1868, 109 ( Barranca [Arcé]). U. S. Nat. Museum: Juan Vifias (Underwood), Reventazon (Car- ranza). Bangs Collection: Carrillo, Cariblanco, Juan Vifias (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection : Cachi. Carnegie Museum: Guapiles, Juan Vifias, Bonilla, Carrillo (Carriker). Four skins. CARRIKER. LIsT OF THE Birps’ or Costa RICA. 411 Little remains to be said regarding the status, habits, and nesting of this bird, which can add to the knowledge of it already given by Dr. Richmond in his excellent paper (Auk, XII, 1895, 19). Its Costa Rican range covers the whole of the Caribbean lowlands and up toa considerable altitude on the eastern slope, probably as far as Cartago, but for the Pacific Coast I can find no records. The reason for its absence on the Pacific is probably due to the dry season, which lasts there for six months, and is evidently very hard on such a moisture- loving bird. I found it very common throughout the Santa Clara Valley, inhabit- ing the pastures of para- and guinea-grass. In fact in any spot where para-grass was to be found the rail was always present, along the rail- roads, the banks of streams, etc. They begin breeding around Gua- piles about the first of May, and continue forsome time. Nearly fresh eggs were found as late as July 13. In this locality the nests were almost invariably made of the dried leaves of a very wide-bladed grass locally known as ‘‘ Cola gallo’’ (rooster tail), were globular in shape, with the entrance at one side and were usually placed in a clump of grass about one or two feet from the ground. Four eggs were the usual number laid. They are pale creamy-white, dotted and speckled with shell-markings of lilac, overlaid by reddish-chestnut scattered sparsely over the entire surface. Measurements: average, 30 X 22 mm. 48. Gallinula galeata Bonaparte. zallinula galeata BONAPARTE, Amer. Orn., IV, 1832, p. 128, Pl. XXXVII, fig. I.—SALVIN, Ibis, 1870, 115 (Costa Rica [ J. Carmiol]).—SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIII, 1894, 177 (Costa Rica [J. Carmiol]). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1903, 326. There seem to be no other records of the taking of this species in Costa Rica except that of the single male collected by Carmiol and recorded first by Salvin (Ibis, 1870, 115). I can find no Costa Rican specimens in the museums of this country, nor did I see the bird during my stay in Costa Rica. 4g. Porphyriola martinica (Linnzus). Fulica martinica LINN ©us, Syst. Nat., 1766, I, 259. Porphyrio martinica FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 375 (Pacaca, San Mateo, Santa Clara). —SALVIN, Ibis, 1870, 115 (Costa Rica [Carmiol]). Porphyriola martinica SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit, Mus., XXIII, 1894, 189 (Costa Rica [Carmiol ]). —SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ITI, 1903, 327 (Laguna de Cartago [ Underwood ]). A, ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. U.S. Nat. Museum: Laguna de Coris (M. Carranza). C. H. Lankester Collection: Matina. Carnegie Museum: Mouth of Matina River (Carriker). One skin. This species seems to occur all over the country up to 4,000 feet, wherever suitable conditions prevail. JI found them fairly numerous in a lagoon at the mouth of the Matina River, where they were quite partial to the large patches of water-hyacinth. When flushed from these they would often fly into the Silico palms lining the banks of the lagoon and remain perfectly quiet among the leaves, where they were extremely difficult to see, their color seeming to blend perfectly with the dark green of the palm-leaves. 50. Fulica americana Gmelin. Fulica americana GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, 704 (1788). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 143 (San Antonio [Frantzius, J. Carmiol ]).— FRANTZIUs, Jour, fiir Orn., 1869, 375. (Between San José and Cartago.) —ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 131.—-SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit area XXIII, 1894, 221 (Central America), —SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr. - Am., Aves, III, 1903, 329 (references cited above). Bangs Collection: Juan Vifias and San Juan (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Las Concovas, 1908. Evidently not very abundant so far south as Costa Rica. It is known to be found in the Laguna de Ochomogo and at Las Concovas near Cartago, at La Laguna del Infernillo at Juan Vifias, and probably at various points along the coast. I shot one bird in the lagoon at the mouth of the Matina River on November 14, 1907, but did not preserve it. It was swimming along the edge of the water-hyacinths and seemed very tame. I have not been able to learn at what date they arrive in the autumn, or leave in the spring. Family HELIORNITHID. 51. Heliornis fulica (Boddaert). Colymbus fulica BODDAERT, Tabl, Pl. Enl., 1788, 54. Fleliornis fulica RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 530 (Rio Frio). SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIII, 1894, 233 (Costa Rica [Endres]). —SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr,-Am., Aves, III, 1903, 331 (references cited above), C. H. Lankester Collection: Matina River. Carnegie Museum: Bonilla and mouth of Rio Matina (Carriker). ‘Two skins. CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF COSTA RICA. 413 This bird is evidently very rare in Costa Rica. Few specimens have been recorded from that country and in all my collecting I saw but three birds. A pair were shot on Laguna Grande at Bonilla, November 11, 1907, but no more were seen, while a single female was seen and secured in the lagoon at the mouth of the Matina River on November 14. When alarmed or pursued they dive and swim for long distances under the water, but do not remain under as long as the grebes under similar conditions. When closely pursued with a canoe they will dive repeatedly and if escape seems impossible will endeavor to hide in the vegetation at the edge of the water instead of flying. I have never seen it attempt to fly. Family COLYMBID. 52. Colymbus dominicus brachypterus Chapman. Colymbus dominicus LINNA&US, Syst. Nat., 1, 1766, 233. — FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn. 1869, 379 (Sarapiqui River). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. deC. R., I, 1887, 133 (Naranjo de Cartago). Podicipes dominicus GRANT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXVI, 1898, 520 (Costa Rica [Endres and J. Carmiol]). —SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1904, 442 (Laguna de Ochomogo [ Underwood zz “#¢.]). Podilymbus dominicus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., XX, 1868, 144 (Dota [F. Carmiol]). Colymbus dominicus brachypterus CHAPMAN, Bull, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XII, Art. XIX (critical). U.S. Nat. Museum: Laguna de Cartago ; San José (Ridgway). Bangs Collection: Pdozo Azul de Pirris, Tenorio (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui. Fleming Collection: Azahar de Cartago (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Bonilla (Laguna Chiquita) and Buenos Aires (Carriker). Six skins. A series of five males vary greatly in size, the wing ranging from 94 mm. to 104 mm. while the coloration is very different (probably due to age). Three birds have the whole head and neck dark sooty, two with a little sprinkling of white on the throat, while two others have the whole chin and throat white, the dusky color being restricted to a band across the upper chest. ‘They average a little larger than the measurements given by Mr. Chapman for drachypterus, but are nearer that than true domdnicus. Ranges over the whole of Costa Rica, but prefers the more temperate regions, that is, between 1,000 and 5,000 feet. ‘They were very abun- 414 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. dant on both Laguna Chiquita and Laguna Grande above Bonilla and were very tame, seeming to have no fear of a human being. I have never seen them in any of the lagoons near the coast, nor in any running water, but always in ponds and lakes. 53. Podilymbus podicips (Linnzeus). Colymbus podiceps LINNUS, Syst. Nat., 1766, I, 223. Podilymbus podiceps SCLATER and SALVIN, Ibis, 1859, 234. Carnegie Museum: Bonilla (Carriker). One skin. On November 11, 1907, I secured an immature male of this species on Laguna Chiquita, near Bonilla. No others were on the lake, nor did I see any on the large lake near by. I believe this to be the first record for the taking of the Pied-billed Grebe in Costa Rica. Family LARID. 54. Hydrochelidon surinamensis (Gmelin). Sterna surinamensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, 604. Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C, R., I, 1887, 133 (Puntarenas, one specimen ). Fydrochelidon surinamensis SAUNDERS, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXV, 1896, 20. —SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1903, 398 (Costa Rica — Zeledon’s record). I know of no other record of the taking of this bird on the coasts of Costa Rica. Doubtless, like many other sea-birds, they range up and down the coasts, but are rarely seen by persons who would recog- nize them, 55. Sterna maxima Boddaert. Sterna maxima BODDAERT, Tabl. Pl. Enl., 1783, 58. — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de'C. Rs, 183707533. I found this tern quite abundant on the Caribbean coast about twelve miles below Port Limon in February, 1904. Several specimens were secured, which together with other skins were afterward acciden- tally lost. I did not notice it, or any other tern on the Pacific coast in June or October, while going and coming from Puntarenas to the mouth of the Rio Grande de Térraba. In Zeledén’s List (An. Mus. Nac. de Costa Rica, 1887) he gives four species of terns for Costa Rica, namely, Sterna maxima, S. nilotica, S. fuliginosa, and S. anosthetus, but gives no locality or indication that specimens of them had been secured. Iam inclined to infer from CARRIER: ist OF THE Brrps’ or Costa RIca. 415 the arrangement, that he lists these species, not from the fact that specimens from Costa Rica are known to him, but because they are species which might pass up and down the coasts of Costa Rica during their migrations. As the present list only includes species known to have been actually taken in the country I omit the four terns lsted by Zeledon. 56. Anous stolidus (Linnzeus). Sterna stolidus LINN/US, Syst. Nat., Vol. I, 227. Anous stolidus RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XII, 116. — TOWNSEND, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XX VII, 1895, 123. (Cocos Island — Steamer Albatross. ) ‘¢ Abundant, four specimens collected. This species was noticed as most numerous, flying among the branches of the trees in the forest. The specimens are apparently referable to 4. stodidus.’’ (Townsend. ) 57. Larus franklini Swainson & Richardson. Larus franklint SWAINSON and RICHARDSON, Fauna Bor.-Amer., II, 1831, 424, ye ©. oH. Lankester Collection: Port Limon. (Specimen identified by R. Ridgway. ) | I have frequently seen gulls flying along the Caribbean coast, but never was able to shoot one. Mr. Lankester informs me that he secured a specimen which was identified by Mr. Ridgway as this species. Family CHARADRIID:. 58. Arenaria interpres (Linnzeus). Tringa interpres LINNAUS, Syst. Nat., I, 1766, 248. Arenaria interpres ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 129 (Las Trojas). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 55 (Punta Mala). — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, 92. — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1903, 345 (above reference cited). Probably only a very rare winter visitant on the Pacific coast. 59. Hematopus palliatus Temminck. flematopus palliatus TEMMINCK Man. D’Orn., II, 532. — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 141 (Capt. Dow). — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, 114 (no Costa Rican reference). —SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr. - Am., Aves, III, 1903, 347 (Bahia de Salinas [Mus. Nac. de Costa Rica, teste Underwood ] ). Like the preceding, only a straggler in Costa Rica, conditions not being suitable for its wintering there. 416 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 60. Squatarola squatarola (Linnzeus). Tringa squatarola LINN&US, Syst. Nat., I, 149 (1758). Sguatarola squatarola CUVIFR, Régne Animal, I, 467 (1817). Carnegie Museum: Sea-beach, mouth Matina River, Nov. 14, 1907 (Carnker):. Three skins:* 61. Charadrius dominicus P. L. S. Miiller. Charadrius dominicus P. L. S. MULLER, Syst. Nat. Anhang, 1776, 116 (San Domingo). — CHERRIE, Auk, 1890, 333; 1892, 329 (San José, Dec. 2, 1889 [M Carranza]).—SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, 195. — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am. Aves, III, 352 (references cited). Charadrius virginicus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., 1X, 1868, 141 (Costa Rica [J. Carmiol]). — Franrztius, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 378 (San José). I have frequently seen the Golden Plover along the Caribbean beach during the winter months. Birds were taken at Old Harbor in Feb- ruary, 1904, but not preserved. I imagine it is quite rare simile interior, that being the reason why none have been recorded from there or from the Pacific coast. + 62. Oxyechus vociferus (Linneus). Chradrius vociferus LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., I, 1766, 253. — FRANTzI1Us, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 378 (San José). Zi gialitis vocifera LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 141 (C. R. [J. Car- miol]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 129 (Alajuéla, San José, Cartago). —CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 57 (Rio Grande de Térraba, common); Auk, 1890, 333; 1892, 329 (San José). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 449 ( Miravalles). Oxyechus vociferus BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 44 (valley of San José). — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, 242 (San José [J. Carmiol]).— SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr..Am., Aves, III, 1903, 355 (Tambor, Laguna de Coris, Slopes of Irazu [Underwood 77 /¢¢.] ). Bangs Collection: Cerro de Santa Maria, Jan. 6 ; Vicinity of San José, Azahar de Cartago (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui. Carnegie Museum: Guacimo, El Hogar, Nov. 15 (Carriker). One of the most abundant of the migrant shore-birds in Costa Rica, ranging over the lowlands of both coasts (more commonly on the Car- ibbean) and over the central plateau to about 5,000 feet. They were * Two males and a female of S. sgwatarola were taken by C. F. Underwood at Lepanto on March 16, Ig09. +A female of C. dominicus was taken by C. F. Underwood at Lepanto on March 16, 1999. DAPRIRER® IISt OF THE Brrps or Costa RICA. lly numerous about Guacimo and Guapiles, flying about the pastures, barn- yards, and banana-plantations. 63. Agialitis semipalmata (Bonaparte). Charadrius semipalmatus BONAPARTE, Obs. Wilson, 1825, no. 219. — FRANTZIUS, feorur Orm., £869, 375 (C. R.) 86. igialeus semtipalmatus SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, 250. — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1903, 357 (Bahia de Salinas [Underwood zz “i/¢.]).— BANGS, Auk, 1907, 291 { Puntarenas, Aug. 20 [ Underwood] ). i gtalitis semipalmatus CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 55 (Rio Grande de Térraba). Bangs Collection: Herradura de Puntarenas (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Coronado de Teérraba, July 3 (Carriker). Two skins. Evidently confined to the Pacific coast. A few remain during the summer, for what reason is not clear, except that they may be sick or not properly developed sexually. Mr. Cherrie found them during the summer along the lower Rio Grande River, as did Mr. Underwood and myself. ‘This region of mud-flats (at low tide) seems to be a favorite wintering-ground for them. 64. AXgialitis collaris (Vieillot). Charadrius collaris N\E\LLOT, N. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., XX VII, 1817, 136. li gialitis collaris RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 526 ( Rio Frio, one specimen ). — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus , XXIV, 1896, 288. — SAL- VIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1903, 359 (Richmond’s record). — BANGs, Auk, 1907, 291 (El Pozo de Térraba, Barranca de Punta- renas, Herradura de Puntarenas (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Cuabre, March 10, 1904, Rio Sicsola, Aug. 17, 1904 (Carriker). Two skins. This little South American plover seems to be scattered sparingly along the Caribbean coast and along the rivers up to an altitude of nearly 1,000 feet. I have never seen it in any numbers, only one or two at one place. 65. Himantopus mexicanus (P. L. S. Miiller). Charadrius mexicanus, P, L. S. MULLER, Syst. Nat. Anhang., 1776, 117. Himantopus mexicanus WAGLER, Isis, 1831, 520. — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de re. 1, 1887, 130 (Las Trojas). — RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 526 (Rio Frio, small flock Feb. 29). — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, 320.—SALVIN and GopmaAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1903, 361 (references above cited). 418 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. I have never seen this bird in Costa Rica, and the only authorities for its presence in the Costa Rican List are the two references cited above. 66. Numenius hudsonicus Latham. Numenius hudsonicus LATHAM, Ind. Orn., II, 712. — FRANTzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 377 (C. R.). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 130 ( Pun- tarenas).-— SHAKPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, 364, —CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 57 (Rio Grande de Térraba). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol, Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1903, 365 (San Lucas, [ Under- wood 77 /it/.]). C. H. Lankester Collection: San José, Sept. 15, oem Carnegie Museum: E] Coronado de Térraba, July 3 (Carriker). Two skins. A rare winter visitant on the Pacific coast and the plateau region. Of a small flock seen on a mud-flat, at Coronado, July 3, two were secured. 67. Macrorhamphus griseus (Gmelin). Scolopax grisea GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, 154. Macrorhamphus griseus SCLATER and SALVIN, Ibis, 1860, 277. -— FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 377 (Costa Rica). — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, 394.— SALVIN and GOpMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1903, 368 (Alajuéla [Underwood 77 Jit¢.]). Macrorhamphus scolopaceus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., 1X, 1868, 141 (C. R. [ Frantzius] ). Although Mr. Lawrence gives the record for his birds as being JZ. scolopaceus, 1 have placed it under JZ. griseus for the reason that no specimens from Costa Rica of either species are available for determi- nation, and following out the theory that it is more likely to be the eastern bird than the western (this usually has proven to be the case where eastern and western forms are considered), I have placed the two records under JZ. griseus. 68. Catoptrophorus semipalmatus (Gmelin). Scolopax semipalmata GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, 659. Catoptrophorus semipalmatus BONAPARTE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., II, 1827, 323. — RICHMOND, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVIII, 1905, 75. — BANGS, Auk, 1907, 291 (Puntarenas, Aug. 13, 1906 [ Underwood] ). The above record published by Mr. Bangs is undoubtedly the first and only record of the taking of this bird in Costa Rica. There was but one specimen obtained, an immature bird, from which it was impossible to determine to which subspecies it belonged. he i as « == ' CARRIKER”: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. 419 69. Totanus melanoleucus (Gmelin). Scolopax melanoleuca GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, 659. Totanus melanoleucus FRANTZIUS, Jour, fiir Orn., 1869, 377 (San José). — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, 426 (San José, November 1 [ J. Zeledon]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1903, 373 (Puntarenas and Laguna de Cartago [Underwood zz /i/t.]). Gambetta melanoleuca LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 141 (San José [M. Calleja and F. Carmiol] ). A rare winter visitant on the western side of the plateau region and the Pacific coast. 70. Totanus flavipes (Gmelin). Scolopax flavipes GMELIN, Syst. Nat.. I, 1788, 659. Totanus flavipes LICHTENSTEIN, Preis.-Verz, Mex. Vog., 3. — FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 377 (Costa Rica). —- SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, 431. — SALVIN and GopMaAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1903, 374 (Alajuéla and Laguna de Cartago [Underwood zm “/t.]). Gambetta flavipes LAWRENCE, Ann, Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 141 (San José [M. Calleja and F. Carmiol]). Bangs Collection: Azahar de Cartago, November 23 and March 2; La Estrella de Cartago, January 24 (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Banana River, October 10, 1905. It is very probable that the present species is a quite regular winter visitant, arriving in small numbers in the autumn and remaining until spring. Unlike some of the other shore-birds it frequents the Carib- bean lowlands and the eastern part of the plateau region. I frequently saw them on the ‘‘Old Line’’ during December and January, but secured no specimens. 71. Helodromas solitarius solitarius (Wilson). Tringa solitaria WILSON, Amer. Orn., VII, 1813, 53, pl. 58, fig. 3. Totanus solitarius FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 377 (San José). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 57 (Rio Grande de Térraba) ; Auk, VII, 1890, 332; IX, 1892, 329 (San José, Sept. 1 to May 1),— UNDER- wooD, Ibis, 1896, 449 (Miravalles). Rhyacophilus solitarius LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 141 (San José [M. Calleja and J. Carmiol]). Helodromas solitarius SCLATER and SALVIN, Ibis, 1859, 229. — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, 444 (San José [J. Carmiol]).— SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1903, 375 (Reventazon, Alajuéla, Talamanca, Jiménez [ Underwood zz /2¢7.]). Bangs Collection: Tenorio, Jan. 29, San José, Sept. 15, Bolson, Dec. 10 (Underwood). 420 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Carnegie Museum: Dec. 12, 1906 (Carriker), El Hogar. One skin. It seems to be not uncommon throughout the greater part of the country during the winter, but never in any numbers. ‘The specimen secured at El Hogar was the only one seen in that immediate vicinity that winter. It was usually to be seen beside a small pool of water, in a road running through a pasture. I saw it daily for at least two weeks before finally shooting it. 72. Actitis macularia (Linnzus). Tringa macularia LINN&US, Syst. Nat., I, 1766, 240. ZTringoides maculartus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 141 (C. R. [Frantzius]). — FRANTZzIUs, Jour. fiir. Orn., 1869, 378 (C. R.). — BoucARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 44 (Valley of San José). —SHaRPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896. Tringowdes macularit SHARPE, Cat, Birds Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, 468 (San José [J. Carmiol], Irazi District [Rogers]). —SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1903, 378 (San Lucas, Puntarenas, Jiménez, Alajuéla, Carrillo, Civita Simon [Underwood 77 /7¢¢.]). Actitis macularia RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VIII, 581. — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 57 (Rio Grande de Térraba) ; Auk, VII, 1890, 332; IX, 1892, 329 (San José, common from Oct. 1 to March 1),.— UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 449 (Miravalles). —Bancs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 291 (Barranca de Puntarenas and El] Pozo de Térraba [Underwood]). Tringoides hypoleucus FRAN'TZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 377 (San José). Bangs Collection: Bolson and San José (Underwood). Fleming Collection: Carrillo (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Guapiles, Mar. 5, Ujurras de Térraba, Sept. 16, Tucurriqui, Nov. 1, La Estrella de Cartago, Nov. 5 (Carriker). Five skins. The most abundant of the shore-birds in Costa Rica, and found from the coast up to at least 5,000 feet, more abundant from 500 feet to 3.000 feet. They are usually seen along the margins of swiftly run- ning creeks and streams, but also to some extent frequent ponds and lakes. 73. Bartramia longicauda (Bechstein). Tringa longicauda BECHSTEIN, Kurze Uebers. Lat., Ind. Orn., II, 1812, 453 Pl. 184. Bartramia longicauda BAIRD, BREWER, and RrpGway, Water-Birds of N. Amer., I, 296. — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 129 (Alajuéla). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C, R., 1891-2, 1893, 57 (Rio Grande de Térraba); Auk, VII, 1890, 332; 1892, IX, 329 (San José, from Sept. 5 to Nov. 14). — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, 509. —SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1903, 380 (references cited). ~ » rl . a a a ee ee eee CARRIKER >. LIsT- OF THE Bieps:-or Costa RIca. 421 Actiturus bartramius LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 142 (C. R. [y Carmiol]). Am. Mus. Nat. History: San José, Sept. 18, 1889 (Underwood). Bangs Collection: San José, Sept. 15 (Underwood). Se. Lankester Collection: San José, Sept. 15, 1907. Carnegie Museum: Guacimo, Oct. 13, 1903 (Carriker). One skin. This species is a common winter visitant on the ‘‘sabanas’’ about San José, but apparently does not remain there all winter. I found it common there in October, 1907. ‘The single specimen secured at Guacimo was shot in a newly ploughed field and no more were seen. I suspect that it does not descend much into the low country, but remains on the plateau. 74. Ereunetes pusillus (Linnzeus). Tringa pusilla LINN/ZUS, Syst. Nat., I, 1766, 252. LEreunetes pusillus BAIRD, BREWER, and RIDGWAY, Water-Birds N. Amer., I, 1884, 205. SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, 514. —SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1903, 382 (Guatemala and Panama), — BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIX, 102 (San José, Sept. 15, 1898 [ Under- wood }). Carnegie Museum: Coronado de Térraba, July 3, 1907—c & & (Carriker). Two skins. Evidently only a rare straggler in Costa Rica. I can find no records for its occurrence there besides the single specimen recorded by Mr. Bangs and the two secured by myself. These two were secured on a mud-flat along a salt-lagoon, or rather on one of the branches of the delta of the Rio Grande, and were two of a flock of about a dozen birds. It is a remarkable occurrence to get this bird in Costa Rica at that late date, but most likely, having missed the regular return flight, they would have spent the summer there. 75. Ereunetes mauri Cabanis. Ereunetes maurt CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1856, 419. — Auk, XXV, 1908, Four- teenth Supp. A. O. U. Check List, 367. Ereunetes occidentalis BANGS, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 291 (Barranca de Puntarenas, August [ Underwood ]). Two specimens were taken by Underwood at Barranca de Pun- tarenas on August 12 and 20, 1906, while another was secured at La Herradura de Puntarenas on August 12. These specimens are apparently the only records for the occurrence of this species in Costa Rica. 4292 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 76. Tryngites subruficollis (Vieillot). Tringa subruficollis VIEU.LOT, N. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., XXXIV, 465. Tringites subruficollis SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, 521.— SAL- vIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 384 (San José [Underwood am éett.|) —CHERRIE, Auk, VII, 1890, 332; 1892, 329 (San José —come and disappear with Lartramia longicauda). Tringites rufescens FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 377 (Costa Rica). U.S. Nat. Museum: San José, Sept. 7, 1890 (Chere): Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.: San José, Sept. 18, 1889 (Underwood). Bangs Collection: Vicinity of San José, Oct. 8 (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection:.san José, sept. 15, 907- Seems not to be a common visitor, stopping only in the highlands and not remaining all winter. 77. Pisobia minutilla (Vieillot). Tringa minutilla VIEILLOT, N. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., XXXIV, 466. — RICHMOND, Proc._U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 526 (Rio Frio — two specimens). Limonites minutilla SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, 548 (Costa Rica [Endres] ).— SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1903, 387 (San José [Underwood zz /t¢.]).— BANGS, Auk, 1907, 291 ( Barranca, E] Pozo, Aug. 10 and April [ Underwood]). Tringa wilsont FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 377 (San José). Pisobia minutilla, Fourteenth Supp. A. O. U. Check List, Auk, 1908, 367. C...H. Lankester ‘Collection< ‘Chomez, jan. = 1967: Carnegie Museum: La Estrella de Cartago, Nov. 5, 1907. One skin. Not at all common as a winter resident, and seldom seen. 78. Pisobia maculata (Vieillot). Tringa maculata ViEILLOT, N. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., XXXIV, 465. — CHERRIE, Auk, VII, 1890, 332; 1892, 329 (comes and goes with Bartramia longicauda). Fleteropygia maculata SHARPE, Cat. birds Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, 562. — SAL- VIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1903, 389 (Reventazon, Laguna de Cartago [Underwood 77 /7¢t.]). Tringa pectoralis FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 377 (Costa Rica), Pisobia maculata Fourteenth Supp. A. O. U. Check List, Auk, XXV, 1908, 367. U.S. Nat. Museum: San José, Sept. 7, 1890.(Ghernie): C. H. Lankester Collection: Ochomogo. Bangs Collection: Buenos Aires de Térraba, May 26-29, San José, May 19, Azahar de Cartago, Oct. 20 and Nov. 3 (Underwood). Very probably always present during the winter in small numbers, scattered over the higher parts of the country. I never saw it in the Caribbean lowlands. CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. 423 79. Pisobia bairdi (Coues). Pceiomas bairdi Cours, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, 194. Tringa bairdi CHERRIE, Auk, XII, 1&95, 87 (Tierra Blanca, two specimens, June 8, 1895). Fleteropygia bairdi SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, 570. — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1903, 390 (no C. R. records). — Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIX, 102 (Cerro de Candelaria—1 9 [Un- derwood ]). Pisobia bairdi, Fourteenth Supp. A. O. U. Check List, Auk, XXV, 1908, 367. Am. Mus. Nat. History: San José, Sept. 18, o & ¢ (Underwood). Only a rare winter visitant on the central highlands. 80. Gallinago delicata (Ord). Scolopax delicata ORD, ed. Wils. Am. Orn., VI, 18, Pl. 147, f. I. Gallinago delicata ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., 1, 1887, 129 (San José). — CHERRIE, Auk, IX, 1890, 332 ; 1892, 329 (San José, not uncommon from Oct. I to Feb. 15).— RICHMOND, Proc. U. S, Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893 (San Carlos, common in Feb. ). —SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, 642 (Costa Rica [Endres] ). —SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol, Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1903, 392 (other records cited). Gallinago wilsont LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., 1X, 1868, 141 (Frantzius). Scolopax wilsontt FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 377 (C. R.). Bangs Collection: Tenorio, Jan. 23, Azahar de Cartago, Nov. Io, Cartago, Dec. 13 (Underwood). ‘Carnegie Museum: La Estrella de Cartago, Nov. 5, 1907 (Carriker). One skin. Quite common over nearly the whole country where marshy land is to be found and especially abundant about La Laguna de Ochomogo, ‘between Cartago and San José. Mr. Lankester and myself found them abundant there during November, but they are always speedily shot off by foreigners from San José. There were always a few in the marshy pastures about “Guapiles and other points on the “ Old Line.’’ 81. Lobipes lobatus (Linnzeus). Tringa lobata LINN&US, Syst. Nat., 1, 1766, 149. Phalaropus hyperboreus SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, 698. — SALVIN and GOopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1903, 394 (Desamparados [ Underwood 27 Zitt.]). Lobipes lobatus STONE, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 196. The presence of the Northern Phalarope in the list of Costa Rican birds rests wholly on the record in the ‘‘ Biologia,’’ as having been taken 424 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. by Underwood at Desamparados. It is a bird which cannot possibly be mistaken for any other species, hence there can be no doubt as to the validity of the record. Family PARRID/. 82. Asarcia variabilis (Linnzeus). Parra variabilis LINN&US, Syst. Nat., I, 1766, 260. Parra gymnostoma FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 375 (Lake of Ochomogo and Salitral de San Antonic). —SALVIN, Ibis, 1870, 116 (Costa Rica). — NUTTING, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 409 (La Palma de Nicoya). Jacana gymnostoma ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 131 (Las. Trojas, Alajuéla, Siquirres). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 57 (Rio Grande de Térraba). Asarcia variabilis SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, 86 (Costa Rica [J. Carmiol]). —Satvin and GopMaN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1903, 342 (above references cited). — BANGs, Auk, XXIV, hiss. 291 (Puntarenas [ Underwood]). Bangs Collection: ‘Tenorio, Barranca de Puntarenas, Ochomogo (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Miravalles and mouth of Matina River (Carriker). Six skins. Scattered pretty well over the whole country where suitable condi- tions are to be found, although more abundant at lower altitudes. They were quite abundant on the lagoon at the mouth of the Matina River, where they were feeding among the water-hyacinths and run- ning about on the water-plants. They always seem to be extremely shy wherever found and are very hard to kill, not only from their shyness, but from the fact that their skin is very tough, seemingly impervious to a charge which would riddle most birds of the same size. I saw asingle bird ina pasture near Guapiles, others beside a lagoon near Old Harbor, quite a number on the lower Sicsola River and a single family of birds on Laguna Chiquita near Bonilla. They are very noisy, emitting harsh cries when alarmed, are strong flyers, and have the curious habit of lifting their wings perpendicularly to their fullest extent when standing on the ground. Family G2DICNEMID/AS. (Edicnemus bistriatus (Wagler). Charadrius bistriatus WAGLER, Isis, 1829, 648 (Mexico). dicnemus bistriatus GRAY, List Gralle Brit. Mus., 1844, 59. — FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 378 (San José). —SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., CARRIKER: List OF THE Brirps oF Costa RICA. 425 XXIV, 1896, 12. — SALVIN and GopmAN, Biol. Centr. Am., Aves, IIT, 339 (Frantzius’ record ). Evidently a very rare straggler in Costa Rica, since we know of but a single bird having been taken there by Frantzius at San José. It is found quite commonly to the north and to the south of Costa Rica and it is rather odd that it should be so rare here, where conditions in the central highlands are quite suitable for its presence. Family ARAMID:. 84. Aramus vociferus (Latham). Numenius vociferus LATHAM, Supp}. Ind. Orn., 1801, Ixv. — Fourteenth Suppl. A. O. U. Check List, Auk, XXIV, 1908, 364 (RICHMOND MS.). Aramus pictus NUTTING, Proc. U. 5S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 409 (La Palma de Nicoya). —SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIII, 1894 (Costa Rica [J. Carmiol]).—SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, LE, 2190355333 (other references cited). Aramus giganteus RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 528 (Rio Frio). Aramus holostictus SALNIN, Ibis, £870, 115 (Costa Rica). Bangs Collection: Bolson (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Bebedéro (Carriker). One skin. With the exception of Dr. Richmond’s record from Rio Frio, all the specimens known to have been collected in Costa Rica came from the basin of the Tempisque River in Guanacaste, namely, La Palma, Bebedéro, and Bolson. The one recorded by Salvin in 1870 was no doubt taken by Arcé while collecting at Bebedéro. They are found in the forests which border the rivers of that region and are very shy. Family EURYPYGID. 85. Eurypyga major Hartlaub. Eurypyga major HARTLAUB, Syst. Verz. Mus. Bremen, 1844, 108. — LAw- RENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., 1X, 1868, 142 (Angostura [Frantzius]).— FRANTzIUS, Jour, fiir Orn., 1869, 377 (Machuca and Aguacate Mts. ). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 131 (P6zo Azul de Pirris, Monte del Aguacate, Monte Redondo). — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIII, 1894, 242 (Valsa [J. Carmiol]). —SALvin and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1903, 334 (above references cited ). Bangs Collection: Carrillo, Tenorio (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection : Cariblanco de Sarapiqui. Carnegie Museum: El Hogar and Guapiles (Carriker). T'wo skins. This rare and beautiful bird is distributed sparingly over the low- 426 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. lands of both the Atlantic and Pacific slopes, up to not more than 2,000 feet above sea-level. They are denizens of the heavy forests, which they never leave, frequenting the banks of sluggish creeks, springs, and boggy spots. They are almost always to be seen in pairs and are not very shy, but with caution can be approached quite closely. Their usual station is on the ground, but when flushed they sometimes. alight in the trees at no great height. I was never able to learn anything of their breeding habits, and indeed they are birds very rarely encountered. Family IBIDIDA. 86. Guara alba (Linnezus). Scolopax alba LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 145. ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac; de.C, R21; 1887, 130: Guara alba STEJNEGER, Stand. Nat. Hist., IV, 1885, 9. CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 52 (Palmar). lbis alba LAWRENCE, Ann, Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 142 (Gulf of Nicoya, Coll. O. Salvin [Arcé]). Ludocimus albus NUTTING, Proc. U. S, Nat. Museum, V, 1882, 407 (La Palma de Nicoya). —SHARPE, Cat. Birds. Brit. Mus., XX VI, 1898, 39 (Nicoya [Arcé]).—SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1902, 192 (above references cited). Carnegie Museum: Pozo Azul de Pirris, Coronado de Térraba (Car- riker ). Five’ skins. I found them quite common on the lower part of the Rio Grande de Térraba, especially in the delta, where they have good feeding- grounds on the mud-flats left by the receding tide. Only a few were noticed at Pozo Azul, along the Rio Grande de Pirris. They are common in many places in Guanacaste, especially around the lower portion of the Tempisque River. 87. Plegadis guarauna (Linneus). - Scolopax guarauna LINNUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 242. Plegadis guarauna RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., I, 1878, 163. —ZELEDON; An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 130 (Costa Rica). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool, en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 52 (El Pozo de Térraba, one specimen, not common). The above record by Mr. Cherrie is the only one I have seen of the taking of this bird in Central America, although it would seem quite natural that it should be found there. Sefior Zeledon gives the bare record, but cites no specimen, so we cannot be positive concern- ing his record. SJ CARRIKER: List OF THE BIRDS or Costa RICA, 42 Family PLATALEID. 88. Ajaja ajaja (Linneus). Platalea ajaja LINNA&US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 140. — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 142 (Costa Rica [Capt. J. M. Dow]). — FRANTzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 376 (Pirris and Tirribi). — BoucarD, P. Z. S., 1878, 44 (near San José, I spec., April).—SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.- Am., Aves, III, 1902, 190 (references cited ). Ajaja ajaja REICHENBACH, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852, p. xvi. — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en. C, R., 1891-2, 1893, 57 (Boca Zacate, common).— RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 527 (Rio Frio, flock of seven). — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XX VI, 1898, 52. Ajaja rosea NUTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 407 (La Palma de Nicoya, common). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 450 (Miravalles, rare so high up). Bangs Collection: Bolson (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Palo Verde de Guanacaste. Carnegie Museum: Bebedéro (Carriker). Two skins. The Roseate Spoonbill is not uncommon in many parts of Costa Rica, keeping as a rule to the lowlands of the Pacific, especially the lagoons. of Guanacaste. ‘There are records for its occurrence in many other places, however, and even, though rarely, it gets as high as San José. Several birds were seen in the delta of the Rio Grande de Térraba, but were very wild and none were secured. I shot two birds. ina small stream at Guapiles in April, 1905, but no others were ever seen on the Caribbean side. They are probably common about the lower part of the San Juan River, at least I have been told so. Family CICONIIDAL. 89. Mycteria americana Linneus. (Native name ‘‘ Garzon.,’’ ) Mycteria americana LINN£US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 140. — Fourteenth Suppl. A. O. U. Check List, Auk, 1908, 363. Tantalus loculator FRANTZIUs, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 376 (San José) (?). —NutT- TING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 407 (La Palma de Nicoya, abundant). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 130 (C. R.). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 52 (Palmar, common). — RICHMOND, Proc, U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 527 (Rio Frio, common). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 449 (Miravalles, several noticed). — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XX VI, 1898, 321. — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1902, 188 (references cited). The Wood Ibis inhabits the lagoons of Guanacaste and the marshy 428 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. banks of rivers in various parts of the lowlands of western and northern Costa Rica. go. Jabiru mycteria (Lichtenstein). (Native name ‘‘ Galan sin ventura.’’ ) Ciconia mycteria LICHTENSTEIN, Abh, K. Akad.! Wiss. Berlin (Phys. KI.) for 1816-17, 1819, 163. Jabiru mycteria A\LEN, Auk, XXV, 1908, 37, 38. Mycteria americana NUYTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 407 (Le Palma de Nicoya). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 130. — RICH- MOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 526 (Rio Frio). — UNDERWooD, Ibis, 1896, 450 (Miravalles, occasionally seen). — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXVI, 1898, 314. —SALVIN and GOpMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1902, 187 (references cited). John E. Thayer Collection: Bolson (Underwood). C.. H. Lankester Collection ; Palo, Verde The Jabiru in Costa Rica is almost entirely confined to the lagoons of Guanacaste and Nicoya, but one record being known elsewhere (Rio Frio). It is not particulary rare, but is extremely wild and diffi- cult to shoot, it being necessary to secure them with a rifle. They select some shallow lagoon and stand far out from shore whence they can see anyone approaching for a long distance. Family ARDEIDA. gt. Ardea herodias herodias (Linnzeus). (Native name ‘ Garza.’’ ) Ardea herodias LINNZUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 143. — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist..N. Y., 1X, 1868, 142 (C. R. [| Frantzius and jason — FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 376 (San Antonio).— ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., 130. — CHERRIE, Auk, 1890, 332; 1892, 329 (seen occa- sionally from Nov. to Jan.). — SHARPE, Cat, Birds Brit. Mus., XX VI, 1898, 80 (San José [Frantzius], Port Limon [W. H. Milner]).— SALvIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1901, 159 (San José, San Lucas, La Carpintera, Bebedéro, Miravalles [ Underwood ]). Carnegie Museum: El Hogar, Jan. 2 (Carriker). One skin. A rather rare winter visitor, going over the whole country wherever suitable conditions are found, up to 5,000 feet. g2. Herodias egretta (Gmelin). Ardea egretta GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1788, 629. ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 130 (San José, Desamparados, Cartago). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 57 (Rio Grande de Térraba); Auk, 1890, CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BirRDS OF CosTaA RICA. 429 332; 1892, 329 (San José, sometimes seen between Nov, and Jan. inclusive). — RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 527 (San Carlos River). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 450 ( Miravalles).—SALVIN and GopDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1901, 161 (San Lucas and Bebedéro [ Underwood ]). Herodias egretta CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1856, 341. — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 142 (Costa Rica [Frantzius and J. Carmiol] ). — NuTTine, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 406 (La Palma de Nicoya).— SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XX VI, 1898, 95 (San José [J. Carmiol]). Ardea leuce FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 376 (C. R.). C. H. Lankester Collection : Guanacaste. Carnegie Museum: Pozo Aztl de Pirris and Guapiles (Carriker). Two skins. This is a common heron throughout the lower parts of the country on both slopes, frequenting the edges of streams and marshy pastures, but is very shy asa rule and hard to approach. It is also found in the interior, but in fewer numbers. I have never seen more than two together and usually they are to be found singly. 93. Florida cerulea cerulea (Linnzus). Ardea cerulea LINN £US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 143. — FRANTZzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 376 (C. R.).— ZELEDON, An. Mus, Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 130 (Puntarenas). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C, R., 1891-2, 1893, 57 (Rio Grande de Térraba) ; Auk, 1890, 332; 1892, 329 (San José; not rare in Dec. and Jan., but only birds of the year are met with).— UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 450 ( Miravalles).—SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1901, 165 (Bebedéro and Pézo Azul [Underwood ]). Florida cerulea BAIRD, Pac. R. R, Repts., IX, 1858, 671. — LAWRENCE, Ann, Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 142 (C. R. [Frantzius]).— NuTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 406 (La Palma de Nicoya). — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus,, XX VI, 1898, too (Péje [Carmiol], Puntarenas [J. M. Dow]). Bangs Collection: Rancho Redondo and Guanacaste (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Guapiles, El Pozo de Térraba (Carriker). Five skins. With the exception of Buterides virescens maculata, the most abun- dant heron in Costa Rica. While not so abundant in the highlands, it is to be seen on both the Pacific and Caribbean lowlands in consider- able numbers. ‘They are very fond of feeding in wet or marshy pas- tures, and a flock can almost always be found in pastures of any size. They also frequent the streams. 430 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 94. Egretta candidissima candidissima (Gmelin). Ardea candidissina GMELIN, Syst. Nat. I, ii, 1788, 63. —-ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 130 (Liberia). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891 -2, 1893, 57 (Rio Grande de Térraba),. — RICHMOND, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 527 (Rio Frio). —SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ET, 1901; 162,((C. Ra), Garzetta candtdissima LAWRENCE, Ann, Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 142 (C. R. [J. M. Dow}]). Leucophoyx candidissima SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XX VI, 1898, 124. Lgretta candidissima, GOssE, Birds of Jamaica, 1847, 336. C. H. Lankester Collection: Guanacaste. With the exception of 4gamia agami this beautiful heron has become, through the efforts of the plume-hunters, the rarest of the family in Costa Rica. I have never seen it on the Caribbean coast or rivers, although it probably does occur in small numbers along the lower part of the San Juan River and the lagoons contiguous to it. It is only in the marshes and lagoons of Guanacaste that it is still found in any number and even there I understand they are lately becoming very rare. 95. Hydranassa tricolor ruficollis (Gosse). Egretta ruficollis GOssk, Birds of Jamaica, 1847, 338. Demiegretia ludoviciana LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 142 (C. R. [ Frantzius] ). Ardea tricolor ruficollts ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 150 (Punt- arenas ). Hydranassa ruficollis SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XX VI, 1898, 127. Ardea tricolor SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr,-Am., Aves, III, 1gor, 164. A rare migrant in Costa Rica, Puntarenas being the only locality at which it has been known to be taken. 96. Nyctanassa violacea (Linnzus). Ardea violacea LINNAUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1.07/58; 2843. Nycticorax violaceus FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 376 (San José).— ZELE- pON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 131 (Las Trojas and Alajuéla). —- CHERRIk, Expl, Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 52 (Pantanos de Sierepe) ; Auk, VII, 1890, 332; IX, 1892, 322 (San José, resident, but adult birds seldom seen). Nyctanassa vislacea SHARPE, Bull. B. O, C., V, 1895, xi. —SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit, Mus., XXVI, 1898, 130 (Costa Rica [Arcé]).— SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1901, 174 (references cited ). Bangs Collection: Bolson (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Limon. 7 | | | | CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTa RICA. AOL Carnegie Museum: El Poézo de Térraba (Carriker). One skin. Found sparingly all over the country up to about 4,000 feet, more abundant in the lowlands, especially of the Pacific. I found it in the swamps just inside of the beach about twelve miles south of Port Limon. 97. Agamia agami (Gmelin). Ardea agamt GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, 629. —SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1901, 171. Agamia picta ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 131 (Pozo Azul de Pirris). Agamia agamt SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXVI, 1898, 135 (noC. R. record ). C. H. Lankester Collection: Laguna de Ochomogo. Carnegie Museum: Pozo Aztl de Pirris (Carriker). One skin. This beautiful heron is evidently extremely rare in Costa Rica. We have but one published record of its collection, the specimen from Pozo Azul, recorded by Sefior Zeledon. Mr. Cherrie tells me that he also took a specimen at Pdzo Azul, while the only one I saw during my residence of five years was in the same locality. Mr. Lankester records one from Laguna de Ochomogo, between San José and Cartago, which seems to be a very unusual occurrence for this species. ‘The one which I secured was shot in the shallow margin of the Rio Grande de Pirris. 98. Nycticorax nycticorax nevius (Boddaert). Ardea nevia BODDAERT, Tabl. Pl. Enl., 1783, 56. Nycticorax nycticorax SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XX VI, 1898, 146. Nycticorax griseus nevius NUTTING, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 406 (La Palma de Nicoya). Nycticorax nycticorax nevius ZELEDON, An, Mus, Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 131. (Liberia). — RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 528 (Rio Frio). Nycticorax americanus FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn,, 1869, 376 (C. R.). Bangs Collection: San José (Underwood). A winter resident over the greater part of the country up to 4,000 feet, but probably commoner in the lowlands of the Pacific. I saw hem in November on the Matina River near its mouth. gg. Cochlearius zeledoni (Ridgway). Cancroma zeledoni RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VIII, 1885, 93. — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. C. R., I, 1887, 130 ( P6zo Azul de Pirris and Las Trojas). — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XX VI, 1898, 165. —SALVIN and GODMAN, 432 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1901, 185 (references cited). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 52 (Rio Grande de Térraba). Cancroma cochlearta LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc, N. Y., IX, 1868, 142 (Rio Grande [Cooper]). — FRANTzIuS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 376 (C. R.). — NUTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 496 (La Palma de Nicoya). Cochlearia zeledont RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 527 (Rio Frio). Bangs Collection: Bolson (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Cimmarones. Carnegie Museum: P6zo Aztl de Pirris and Las Ajuntaderas de Tér- raba (Carriker). Two skins. Ranges over the lowlands of both the Pacific and Caribbean, but is more abundant on the Pacific side. ‘Their habits are very similar to those of Zigrisoma and Ffeterocnus, that is, they are usually seen perched on a low limb of a tree on the edge of some creek or river. They are quite tame and easily approached. ‘They evidently feed during the early morning and evening and perhaps during the night after the manner of the night-herons, hiding away during the hours of daylight. 100. Butorides virescens maculata (Boddaert). Ardea virescens FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 186y, 376 (Salitral, Rio Tirribi). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 130 (Liberia, Desamparados, San Joaquin, San José). —CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893 (Rio Grande de Térraba); Auk, VII, 1890, 332; IX, 1892, 329 (San José, tolerably common resident), — SALVIN and GoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1901, 169 (Talamanca, Bahia de Salinas, Alajuéla, Puntarenas, San Lucas, Las Trojas, La Estrella, Azahar, Jiménez (Underwood). Butorides virescens LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 142 (C. R. [ Frant- zius]).— NuTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 406 (La Palma de Nicoya). — RrpGway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 502 (San José, Nut- ting). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 450 (Miravalles).—SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXVI, 1898, 186 (C. R. [J. Carmiol and Endres]).— BANGs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 289 (El Pdézo de Térraba). Butorides virescens maculata BANGS, Birds of Isle of Pines, Amer. Nat., XX XIX, 1905, 188. Bangs Collection: Azahar de Cartago and San José (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Guapiles, Cuabre, El Pézo de Térraba (Carriker). Five skins. The most abundant and most widely distributed of all the herons in Costa Rica. It is found over the whole of the country wherever creeks, rivers, or ponds exist, up to an altitude of not less than 5,000 CARRIRER: List OF THE Birps or Costa RIca. 433 feet, and in a few instances it has been taken even higher than that. It seems to be resident wherever found, but I have never seen the nest. Habits identical with those of the species in North America. ror. Tigrisoma lineatum (Boddaert). Ardea lineatum BODDAERT, Tabl. Pl. Enl., 1783, 52. Tigrisoma lineatum SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit, Mus., XX VI, 1898, 195. — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol, Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1901, 178 (Panama, southward). Tigrisoma excellens RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X, 1887, 595 (type from Rio Segovia, Honduras, taken also in Talamanca [José Zeledén] ). Carnegie Museum: El] Hogar, Aug. 23, tg06—immature @ (Car- riker). In the collection of the Carnegie Museum isa good ‘series of skins of TZ. lineatum, both adults and young, from Colombia. When these specimens were carefully compared with Mr. Ridgway’s description of T. excellens, no differences could be detected, and it therefore seems to me that 7. exce//ens should be placed under the synonymy of the present species. ‘The single immature female taken at El Hogar is identical with Colombian specimens in the same stage of plumage. This bird was shot from a tree beside a small stream in the forest. 102. Heterocnus cabanisi (Heine). Tigrisoma cabanisit HEINE, Jour. fiir Orn., 1859, 407. — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 142 (San Carlos [J. Carmiol]).— FRANTzIuUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 376 (Rio Macho).— Nuttin, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 406 (La Palmade Nicoya).— CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 52 (Boca Mala).— UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 450 (Miravalles),— SALVIN and GopMaN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1901, 179. fleterocnus cabanist SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXVI, 1898, 198 (Costa Rica [Carmiol]). . Carnegie Museum: Guapiles, Miravalles, Coronado de Térraba (Car- riker). Five skins. Restricted almost entirely to the lowlands of both coasts, up to about 1,200 feet. Frantzius records the taking of a specimen at the Rio Macho which has an altitude of about 3,000 feet. If the bird was actu- ally taken there (which I doubt) it is a very unusual occurrence. They appear to be more abundant on the Pacific coast, are always met with (during the day) in the trees along the edges of rivers and lagoons, and are quite solitary in their habits. I found them particu- larly abundant along the lower portion of the Rio Grande de Térraba, especially in the delta. 434 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 103. Botaurus lentiginosus (Montagu). Ardea lentiginosa MONTAGU, Orn. Dict. Suppl., 1813. Botaurus lentiginosus SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XX VI, 1898, 259.—SALVIN and GOpMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1901, 182 (Guatemala and Panama .— BANGs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 102 (Reventazon [ Underwood] ). C. H. Lankester Collection: Cariblanco and Turrtcares. The only published record of the occurrence of the Bittern in Costa Rica is that of Mr. Bangs (Auk, 1907, 102). This seems rather odd, because it is not an exceedingly rare bird there.” Mr, ankestes reports the taking of two specimens and tells me he saw others. I myself saw two birds at the Laguna de Ochomogo in November, 1907, where they were flushed from the water plants encircling the lagoon. Family ANATIDZ. 104. Cairina moschata (Linnezus). Anas moschata LINNAUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, 199, n. 16. Cairina moschata Moork, P. Z. S., 1859, 65.— FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 373 (Guanacaste). — NuTTrinc, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 408 (La Palma de Nicoya).—CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 57 (Rio Grande de Térraba).— SALVADOR], Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XX VII, 1895 51.-— UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 451 (Miravalles),— SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am , Aves, III, 1902, 198 (records cited). Bangs Collection: Bolson (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection’ (alo Verde: Carnegie Museum: Bebedéro, Bagaces, Miravalles (Carriker). Three skins. A common duck over the greater part of the Pacific coast region, but much more abundant in Guanacaste. I saw it on the Rio Grande de Térraba and at Buenos Aires, where I flushed three birds from a rice-field some distance from the river. On one occasion I sawa single bird flying near Guacimo, not far from the Guacimo River. This is the only record I have noticed from the Caribbean, but doubt- less the bird is found on the lower San Juan River and contiguous lagoons. ‘This duck seems to be very difficult to domesticate in Costa Rica, while Dendrocygna autumnats is seen in a domesticated condi- tion in many places on the Pacific coast. 1o5. Dendrocygna viduata (Linnzus). Anas viduata LINNA&US, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 205, n. 38. Dendrocygna viduata EYTON, Monogr. Anat., 110 (1838),— CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Museum, Vol. IV, Nos. III and IV, p. 302 (Bebedéro, April 1, 1908). CARRIRER: List OF THE BIRDS OF CosTa. RIcA. Aga C. H. Lankester Collection: Bebedéro. Carnegie Museum: Bebedéro (Carriker). To Mr. C. H. Lankester belongs the credit of first adding this duck to the Costa Rican ornis, he having secured a specimen at Bebedéro, in June, 1906. As far as I am able to ascertain, these two birds are the only ones which have ever been taken in Central America. A few others were seen at Bebedéro, but it was not common, and was seen in company with D. autumnalts, in the lagoons about that place. 106. Dendrocygna autumnalis (Linnzus). (Native name ‘‘ Pichi.’’ ) Anas autumnalis LINNAUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 127. Dendrocygna autumnalis EYTON, Monogr. Anat., 1838, 109. — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., [X, 1868, 143 (Gulf of Nicoya, Coll. O, Salvin). — FRANTZzIUs, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 379 (Guanacaste). SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1876, 374 (Gulf of Nicoya [Arcé]).-— BoucarD, P. Z. S., 1878, 44 (Laguna at E] Alto). —RICHMOND, Proc, U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 530 (Rio Frio, common). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 450 (Miravalles to Bebedéro). Dendrocygna autumnalis NUTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 408 (La Palma de Nicoya). —SALVADoRI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XX VII, 1895, 159 ( Nicoya [ Arcé]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol, Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1902, 205 (references cited). C. H. Lankester Collection: Palo Verde. Carnegie Museum: Bebedéro (Carriker). Six skins. Very abundant over the whole valley of the Tempisque River, but very scarce elsewhere. The only record I know for the interior of Costa Rica is that of Boucard (Laguna de Ochomogo), which is without question correct. Mr. Cherrie did not record it from the Térraba region, Mr. Underwood did not find it there, nor did I see a single bird anywhere in the delta of the Rio Grande, although conditions seemed favorable for them there. Evidently they are partial to the grassy lagoons of the ‘‘sabanas’’ of Guanacaste. It is easily domesti- cated and is to be seen about most of the houses of that region, toddling about in a string just like ordinary domestic ducks. ‘They go off to the lagoons during the day to feed and swim, but always return. 107. Dafila acuta (Linnzus). Anas acuta LINN4£US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 126. Dafila acuta BONAPARTE, Comp. List, 1838, 56. — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 143 (San José [M. Calleja]). — FRANTz1Us, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 378 (Cartago).— SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1876, 392 ( Lawrence’s 436 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. record cited). —SALVADORI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XX VII, 1895, 270 (San José [M. Calleja]).—SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1902, 213 (references cited). Bangs Collection : Azahar de Cartago (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Las Concovas, 1908, about 36 speci- mens. A rare migrant in the interior part of the country and on the Pacific coast. 108. Querquedula discors (Linnzus). Anas discors LINN£US, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 205. — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 132 (Cartago and San José). — CHERRIE, Auk, VII, 1890, 332; IX, 1892, 329 (San José, saw one on river Oct. 27). Querguedula discors STEPHENS, Gen. Zool., XII, 11, 1824, 149. —LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 143 (San José, M. Calleja).—ScLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1876, 384 (Lawrence’s record cited). —SALVADORI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XX VII, 1895, 299 (San José [M. Calleja and Endres] ).— SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1902, 215 (records cited). — Banecs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 289 (El Pozé de Térraba, adults in April [ Underwood]). Prerocyanea discors FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 378 (San Antonio). Bangs Collection: Vicinity San José, Azahar de Cartago, Tenorio (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Las Concovas, 1908. Carnegie Museum: Guapiles, March 28 (Carriker). One female. This bird usually arrives in Costa Rica about the middle of October and stays in small numbers up to the end of March or early in April. It spreads out over the whole country from sea-level up to 5,000 feet, wherever creeks, rivers, ponds, lakes, or marshy pastures are found. It is abundant in December on the Matina River near its mouth, not many arriving there before that date. The first arrivals always seem to stop in the highlands. I shot two females at Turrtcares about Oct:'16,/ 19907: 109. Spatula clypeata (Linnzus).’ Anas clypeata LINNAUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 124. Spatula clypeata Bore, Isis, 1822, 564. — FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 378 (C. R.). —SALVADoRI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XX VII, 1895, 306. — SALVIN and GOpMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1902, 218 (record of Frantzius cited), 1 Since the above was written I am glad to be able to further confirm the presence of this species in Costa Rica by a record sent me by Mr. Lankester, who says he killed one male at Las Concovas. CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF COSTA RICA. 437 The presence in the list of this species depends entirely on the single record given by von Frantzius in 1869, which has been repeated by Zeledén in his Catalogue and by Salvin and Godman in the Biologia. There are records from Guatemala and Colombia, while Mr. Bangs has a specimen from Divala, Chiriqui, so that there is no apparent reason why the bird should skip Costa Rica in its migrations, but it is evidently a very rare straggler there. 110. Marila affinis (Eyton). Fuligula affinis EyTON, Monogr. Anat., 1838, 157. —SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1876, 400 (Lawrence’s record). — SALVADORI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXVII, 1895, 360.— SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1902, 223 (record of Lawrence cited). . Fulix affinis LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N, Y., IX, 1868, 143 (San Antonio [ Frantzius]). Aythya affinis ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 131 (probably a repetition from Lawrence’s Catalogue). Like the preceding species, this bird seems to have been taken but once, by Frantzius at San Antonio. , 111. Nomonyx dominicus (Linnzus). Anas dominica LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1766, 201. Nomonyx dominicus RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, 15. — SALva- DORI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., X XVII, 1895, 438. — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1902, 227. Nomonyx dominicus CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 56, in text (Laguna de Sierepe). U. S. Nat. Museum: Laguna de Coris, Nov. 25, &. John E. Thayer Collection: Costa Rica, @' and ° (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Las Concovas, one specimen, 1908. The only published record for the occurrence of the Masked Duck in Costa Rica is that by Mr. Cherrie (cited above) and this seems to have been overlooked by all subsequent authors. Mr. Cherrie says that he saw two on the Laguna de Sierepe, which was the first record for Costa Rica and that subsequently (no date given) he took two speci- mens on the Laguna de Ochomogo, near Cartago. 112. Erismatura jamaicensis (Gmelin). Anas jamaicensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat, I, 2, 1788, p. 519. Erismatura ferruginea FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 378 (Irazt). Erismatura rubida ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 132. Erismatura jamaicensts, SALVADORI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XX VII, 1895, 445. — SALVIN and GopMAN, Bio}. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1902, 228. 438 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Like several other species of ducks, we have but one record of the taking of the Ruddy Duck in Costa Rica, but apparently this can be depended upon. Frantzius gives ‘‘ Irazt’’ as the locality where this bird was collected, but I know of no place on the Volcan de Irazu where the bird would be likely to be found. Family PHALACROCORACIDE. 113. Phalacrocorax vigua vigua (Vieillot). Hydrocorax vigua VIEILLOT, N. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., VIII, 1817, 90. Phalacrocorax vigua OGILVIE-GRANT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XX VI, 1898, 378 (Costa Rica [Endres])}.— SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol, Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1901, 154. Phalacrocorax brasilianus ZELEDON, An, Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 132 (Rio Stcio). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 57 (Rio Grande de Térraba). Phalacrocorax sp. RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 432 (Rio Frio). Bangs Collection: Vicinity of San José (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Matina River. Carnegie Museum: Guacimo (Carriker). One skin. The Costa Rican bird agrees exactly with specimens of true P. vwzgua from Colombia, as do also the birds from Panama in Mr. Bangs’ Col- lection. It is very abundant during the fall and winter months in all the rivers of the Caribbean slope, following the larger streams well up into the interior. I do not know whether the birds are found on the Pacific coast or not, but I presume they are, although I have never seen them there. The birds frequenting the Caribbean slope evidently breed on some island in the Caribbean not far distant from Costa Rica, and spend the time after the breeding season in the rivers inland. ‘They are usually to be seen standing on a rock in the riffles, watching for fish, and can be seen by the hundreds in the Reventazon River alongside the railway to San José. Family PLOTIDAL. 114. Anhinga anhinga (Linnzus). Plotus anhinga LINNUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 218. —LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 143 (Gulf of Nicoya [Coll, Salvin]).— FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn,, 1869 (San José).—Nurrinc, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 405 (La Palma de Nicoya). —OGILVIE-GRANT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXVI, 1898, 419 (Nicoya [Arcé]).—SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr. - Am., Aves, III, t90r, 156. CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTa RICA. 439 Anhinga anhinga STEJNEGER, Stand. Nat. Hist., IV, 1885, 193. — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 132 (C. R.). — RICHMOND, Froc, U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 532 (Rio Frio), Bangs Collection: Bolson (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Mouth of Matina River. A rare inhabitant of the lagoons and sluggish rivers on both the Caribbean and Pacific lowlands. Few specimens have been recorded and I never saw the birds alive in that country, although I quite thoroughly searched the lagoons about the mouth of the Matina River where Mr. Lankester secured his bird the previous year. Family SULIDA:. 115. Sula leucogastra ( Boddaert). Pelicanus leucogaster BODDAERT, Table Pl. Enl., 1783, 57. Sula sula OGILVIE-GRANT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXVI, 1898, 436 (Port Limon [Capt. Milner]). Sula leucogastra SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1901, art. Fleming Collection: Uvita Island, Limon (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection : Uvita Island, Limon. S. leucogastra is the Booby found along the Caribbean coast. The only locality where it occurs along the eastern coast of Costa Rica is in the vicinity of Port Limon. A large colony is resident on the Island of Uvita in Port Limon Harbor, while two small rocky islets off the mouth of the Moin River, a short distance up the coast, have other colonies. I never saw them anywhere south of Limon, between that point and Boca del Toro, Panama. 116. Sula etesiaca Thayer and Bangs. Sula leucogastra NUTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 405 (La Palma de Nicoya), —-SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1901, 149, part. Sula fiber FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 379 (Puntarenas). Sula brewstert OGILVIE-GRANT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XX VI, 1898, 440, part (Pacific coast of Central America). Sula sp. CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 57 (at sea between Pun- tarenas and Rio Grande de Térraba). Sula etesiaca THAYER and BANGs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLVI, 1905, 92 (Gorgona Island; June 29, 1904; coll. E, A. & O. Bangs). Carnegie Museum: At sea off mouth of Rio Grande de Térraba (Carriker). One skin. I did not compare the Costa Rican skin with the type of S. efeszaca, 440 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. but there is no question that they are the same. Just what the status of this form is cannot be determined until a thorough revision is made of the whole group, which is in a very confused state. I found these birds very common at sea off the delta of the Rio Grande de Térraba. ‘They breed on the rocky islets off the coast a little farther north. Family FREGATIDA-. 117. Fregata aquila (Linnzus). Pelicanus aquilus LINN@US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 133. Tachypetes aqguila FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 379 (C. R.). — NUTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 405 (La Palma de Nicoya, abundant on shores of Gulf), Fregata aguila CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C, R., 1891-2, 1893, 57 (along shore off Rio Grande de Térraba).— OGILVIE-GRANT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XX VI, 1898, 443. —SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1901, 139 (Nutting’s record cited). I often saw them flying along the Pacific coast between Puntarenas and the Rio Grande de Térraba, as well as on the Caribbean coast in the vicinity of Limon and to the southward. Family PHAETHONTID. 118. Phaethon ethereus Linnzus. Phaethon ethereus LINN/US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 134.— ZELEDON, Ann. Mus. Nac. de Cy Ri, 14) 1837,: 592) (CR) Phaethon flavirostris SALVIN, Ibis, 1870, 116 (Gulf of Nicoya [ Arcé] ).— OGILVIE- GRANT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XX VI, 1898, 457 (Nicoya, March [Arcé]). —SALVIN.and GoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1901, 138 (Gulf of Nicoya [Arcé]). The only authentic record we have for the taking of either species of Phaethon within the limits of Costa Rica is the immature specimen collected by Arcé in the Gulf of Nicoya and recorded by Salvin in the Ibis, 1870, as an addition to Mr. Lawrence’s Catalogue. This bird was recorded as P. flavirostris (equal americana), but upon later examination by Mr. Ogilvie-Grant it proved to be an immature /. @thereus, which would naturally be expected to occur there rather than americanus. P. americanus may very likely visit the Caribbean shores. but it has never been collected or recorded there. CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BirRDS OF CosTa RICA. 44] Family PELICANID/AL. 119. Pelecanus fuscus Linnzus. Pelecanus fuscus LINNAUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 2£5.— FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 379 (C. R.).— ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 132 (C. R.).— OGILVIE-GRANT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXVI, 1898, 475 (Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea). —SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.- Am., Aves, IIT, 1901, 142, part, ‘Carnegie Museum: Mouth of Matina River, Nov. 16, 1907 (Car- riker). One skin. A common bird all along the Caribbean coast, especially about the mouths of the larger rivers, where they can almost always be seen in long lines, flying out to sea in the morning and returning in the even- ing, or perched about on the drift washed up on the beach. 120. Pelecanus californicus Ridgway. Pelecanus californicus RIDGWAY, Water-Birds of N. Amer., II, 1884, 143. Pelecanus fuscus NUTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 405 (La Palma de Nicoya). —CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 57 (along sea-shore off Rio Grande de Térraba). * In 1907 I saw numerous birds around Puntarenas and all along down the coast to the Rio Grande de Térraba, where they were very numer- ‘ous about the mouths of the delta of that river. Messrs. Salvin and Godman in the 4vo/ogia take a rather unusual position in regard to the validity of this species, for, after saying that it had been separated from P. fuscus by Mr. Ridgway and_ other American ornithologists on account of the color of the gular pouch dur- ing the breeding season, they take the statement of a Mr. Alvin Seale, a Californian collector, that this color varies in the Californian bird from yellow to dusky, and hence can not be a stable character. On this authority they place P. calfornicus under the synonymy of P. Suscus. Family CATHARTIDZ. 121. Sarcoramphus papa (Linneus). ( Native name ‘‘ Rey de los Zopilotes.’’ ) Vultur papa LANNZUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, 122. ‘Cathartes papa SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, 22. — Boucarp, P. Z.S., 1878, 45. (Seen at San Mateo. ) Gypagus papa ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 127 (C. R.).— RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 522 (Rio Frio). — UNDER- 442 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. wooD, Ibis, 1896, 447 (Miravalles). —SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-— Am., Aves, 111, 1901, 131 (P6zo Azul [Underwood] ). Gyparchus papa LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 134 (Gulf of Nicoya: [Coll]. Salvin]).— FRANTzIus, Jour, fiir Orn., 1869, 370 (Pacaca). — NuT- TING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 405 (La Palma de Nicoya). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 51 ( Buenos Aires). Sarcoramphus papa ALLEN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., XXIV, 1908, 35, 38 U.S. Nat. Museum: Bonilla (Basulto). C. H. Lankester Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui. Carnegie Museum: Pozo Azul de Pirris (Carriker). Two skins. Distributed sparingly over the whole of the lower parts of Costa. Rica. It rarely ascends above 3,000 feet and is much more abundant. below 2,000 feet. They almost always come to the carcass of a cow or horse, and as a rule are not very shy, it being usually possible to: approach within gunshot of them. When one or more of the King Vul- tures are feeding ona carcass, the Black and Turkey Vultures always. keep at a distance, in a circle about the dead animal, waiting for the ‘‘King’’ to finish. The natives call it King of the Vultures (‘‘ Rey de los, Zopilotes’’) in consequence of this habit, saying that out or respect for it, the others wait until it has finished. Of course there is nothing like respect connected with it, simply pure fear on the part of the smaller vultures, for they well know that they will be driven off if they approach. 122. Catharista urubu brasiliensis (Bonaparte). (Native name ‘‘ Zopilote.”’ ) Cathartes brasiliensis BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., I, £850, 9. Cathartes atratus SALVIN, Ibis, 1869, 319 (Costa Rica — addition to Lawrence’s. Cat. ). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 447 (Miravalles — common). Catharista atrata NutTtvinG, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 405 (La Palma de Nicoya). —CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1 (Térraba Valley);. Auk, VII, 1890, 333; IX, 1892, 328 (San José — common). — SALVIN and (GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1901, 132 (references cited). Catharistes atratus SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, 24. — BOUCARD,,. P. Z. S., 1878, 45 (common everywhere). — ZELEDON, An. Mus, Nac. de C.. R., 1887, 027. Cathartes fetens FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 370 (generally distributed). Catharista urubu brasiliensis ALLEN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., XXI, 1905, 275.. Very abundant over the whole country, but more especially in the settled districts, where they perform the duties of scavengers, devour- ing refuse of all kinds, both vegetable and animal. With such poor sanitary conditions as are to be found throughout all the towns and CARRIKER:) LisT OF THE: BiRDS oF! CosTa RICA: 443 cities of the tropics, the inhabitants would speedily be wiped out by various plagues, were it not for these useful birds. In nearly all places they are protected by law. 123. Cathartes aura aura (Linneus). Vultur aura LINN US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 86. Cathartes aura FRANYTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 370 (generally distributed). — NuTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 405 (La Palma de Nicoya). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 127. —CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893 (Térraba Valley) ; Auk, IX, 1892, 328 (San José — not common). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 447 (Miravalles). —SALVIN and GopMaAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1901, 134 (San José [ Underwood]). (Enops aura SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, 25. —BoucARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 45 (San José). Although widely distributed over the whole of the country, it is nowhere abundant, and is always seen singly or in pairs. They are equally common in the country and about the towns, but are more timid than the preceding species. Family FALCONID/E. KEY TO THE COSTA RICAN SPECIES. a. Underparts (not always including tail-coverts and thighs) uniformly colored: white, buffy-ochraceous, ashy-blue, black, sooty-brown, or plumbeous, without bars or streaks (rarely a few shaft-lines on chest or lower throat). 6. Under parts pure white, black, blackish-brown, or plumbeous. c. Under parts black or blackish-brown or plumbeous ; upper parts same color, ad. Upper tail-coverts white apically for at least one inch, or else thighs bright rufous. é. Tail-coverts white, tarsus 115 mm.; thighs and under tail-coverts black. jf. Tail with a broad white bar across the middle, white tip, and with the basal portion white, mottled with black. Urubitinga urubitinga, adult ¢ and 9°. ff. Tail with the basal portion black, crossed by a second narrow white bar; otherwise the same as the preceding. Urubitinga urubitinga ridgwayt, adult g and Q. ee. Thighs bright rufous, under tail-coverts white; sides of face black, streaked with white. Parabuteo unicinctus harrist, adult ¢ and Q. ad. Upper tail-coverts entirely black, or only narrowly tipped with white; thighs uniform with abdomen. e. Tail with numerous bars of blackish and white or grayish- white. 444 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. jf. Larger (wing, 860; tail, 200 mm.); most of primaries white on inner web towards base and_ thickly barred with sooty (immature birds with white spots on breast). Buteo abbreviatus, adult g and 9. ff. Smaller (wing, 280; tail, 160 mm.) ; inner webs of most of primaries white basally, without bars (black phase). Buteo brachyurus, adult ¢ and 9. ee, Tail with not more than four white bars and a white tip. J. Lower parts black or sooty (not plumbeous). g. Larger (wing, 380; tail 230 mm.) ; tail with four narrow white bars, basal ones narrower; base of tail black, upper tail-coverts tipped with white. Urubitinga anthracina, adult g and 9. gg. Smaller (wing, 300; tail, 220) ; one bar and a large basal area of white ; upper tail-coverts entirely black. h, Tail longer (240 mm.) ; maxillary hook project- ing below mandible not more than 5 mm. Geranospizias niger, adult and Q. hh, Tail shorter (220 mm.); maxillary hook at least 11 mm. long. Leptodon uncinatus, adult g and °. jf. Lower parts plumbeous (wing about 290 ; tail 140 mm.). g. Inner webs of primaries largely chestnut ; head and under parts ashy-plumbeous ; tail black, with three white bars. Ictinia plumbea. gg. No chestnut on primaries; tail gray, with a broad terminal band of black. Rostrhamus sociabilts, adult g and 9°, cc. Under parts pure white. ad. Upper parts mainly white or else whole head and nape white (sometimes a few black feathers on occiput). e. Entirely white, except apical portion of quills and a_sub- terminal bar on tail, black. Leucopternis ghiesbreghtt. ee. Only head and nape wh'te, rest above dark. jf. Tail long and forked ; no black feathers on occiput ; inner secondaries largely white. Llanoides furcatus. ff. Tail square; occiput black, shoulders white; tail and inner surface of primaries grayish-white, both barred with blackish (wing, 420). Spiz¢astur melanoleucus. dd. No white on upper parts (crown mixed with white in Pandion). e. Size large (wing 490); soles of feet strongly rugose ; claws long and curving (longest 30 mm. ). Pandion hatiaétus, 8 and Q. ee. Size smaller (wing 200 to 280 mm. ) ; feet not strongly rugose. jf. Entire upper parts plumbeous or slaty-black. | CARRIKER: LIST OF THE Birps or CosTa RICca. 445 g. Tail black, with plumbeous above; one white bar (wing 200), Leucopternis semiplumbea, g and Q. gg. Slaty-black above, tail grayish, with four bars of blackish-brown. (White phase) Buteo brachyurus, ad. 8 and 2. ff Upper parts mainly black. g. Crown, nape, and sides of head plumbeous, pure white below ; tail barred with black and white bars of equal width. Leptodon cayennensts, ad. g and Q. g. Crown and nape black ; chest with black shaft-streaks. A. Tail with only three narrow white bars; no white on nape. Micrastur mtrandollez,ad. g and 2. hh, Tail with four white bars and a white collar on nape. Micrastur brachypterus, ad. g and Q. 66. Under parts uniform buffy-ochraceous or cinnamon-buff, or else pale ashy- bluish, with chestnut thighs. c. Pale bluish-ash below, thighs chestnut ; crown black; back and wings plumbeous ; tail black, with three white bars. Accipiter bicolor schistochlamys, adult ¢ and Q. cc. Buff-ochraceous or cinnamon-buff below. ad. No white on rump. e. Pileum and nape buff-ochraceous, with black shaft-streaks ; sides of head with a black patch. Herpetotheres cachinnans, g and Q. ee. Pileum sooty black like back. j. Whole inner side of quills alternately barred with grayish- white and sooty; thighs deep buff-ochraceous or cinna- mon-buff. Accipiter bicolor schistochlamys, § andQ, juv. ff. Only basal portion of quiils white, with about four narrow sooty bars; thighs same color as breast. g. A white or buff-white nuchal collar; tail with four narrow white bands (dorsal aspect). Micrastur brachypterus, § and 9, juv. gy. No white or buff nuchal collar; only three white bars on tail. Micrastur mirandollei, Z and 9, juv. dd. Rump white ; rich cinnamon-buff below, with darker rufous shaft- streaks, Circus hudsonius, and @, juv. aa. Under parts variously colored, but never uniform ; always barred, streaked, or with strongly contrasting areas of color. 6, Tail two-thirds or more than two-thirds the length of wing. c. Tarsi feathered to base of toes; an occipital crest. 446 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. ad. Chest and breast nearly uniform black; thighs slightly barred with white. Spizaétus tyrannus, § and 9, adult. dd, Under parts strongly barred with black and white. e. Feathers of crest black (except at extreme base). jf. Chest white, crown buff-white, mixed with black, Spizaétus ornatus, juv. ff. Sides of chest and sides of neck tawny; a black malar streak extending to breast, enclosing a pure white area ; crown black, nape tawny-brown. Spizaétus ornatus, adult. ee. Feathers of crest white basally, tipped with black, crest shorter; chest black, rest below brownish-black, brokenly barred with | white. Spizaétus tyrannus, Juv. cc. Tarsi not wholly feathered. ad. Tail equal to wing in length, or longer, or else wing not exceeding | it by more than length of hind toe with claw. | e. Size small (wing not over 170) ; wing exceeds tail by length of hind toe and claw; under parts more or less barred. jf. Under parts buff-ochraceous, more or less barred with black. g. Only chest and upper breast brokenly barred. Micrastur interstes, juv. % gg. Entire lower parts coarsely barred. Micrastur tnterstes, immature. ff. Under parts (except throat) finely and evenly barred with blackish and white. Micrastur interstes, adult. ee. Size larger (wing not less than 250). jf. Tail a little longer than wing; buff-white below, coarsely barred with sooty-black. go. A buff nuchal collar. Aficrastur brachyplerus, juv. gg. No buff nuchal collar. Micrastur mirandollet, juv. ff. Tail a little shorter than wing. g. Buff-white below, with elongated tear-shaped spots of sooty-brown; grayish-sooty above, feathers largely edged with rufous. Accépiter coopert, juv. gg. White below, brokenly and irregularly barred with chestnut-rufous and with shaft-streaks of dusky ; grayish-plumbeous above, crown black. Accipiter coopert, adult. dd. Tail at least two-thirds the length of wing. e. Size large ( wing 446 to 570); a pendant nuchal crest. jf. Chest black, breast and abdomen white; thighs barred with black (wing 570). Thrasaétus harpyia. ff. Chest brownish-gray, rest below buff-ochraceous, barred with chestnut-rufous (wing 446). Morphnus guianensis. ee. Size smaller (wing not more than 350 mm. ), CARRIKER: List OF THE Birps oF Costa RICca. 447 * jf Either upper or lower tail-coverts immaculate white or buff-white ; under parts not barred, or else rump white or maxilla with two pronounced teeth. g. Maxilla with two teeth or else rump white. A. Maxilla with two teeth. z. Lower parts strongly barred with chestnut- rufous, whitish, and dusky-sooty ; chest almost entirely chestnut; ahove sooty- slate, unmarked. Harpagus fasciatus, adult. 27. Upper parts brown, feathers edged with fulvous; only abdomen barred; chest streaked with brown. Harpagus fasciatus, uv. hh. Rump white; upper parts ashy-blue or sooty- bluish ; chest dull bluish-gray ; abdomen and thighs white, sparsely and brokenly barred with chestnut-rufous. Circus hudsonius, adult. gg. Maxilla with not more than one tooth ; under tail- coverts white or buff-white. h, Upper parts black, with a metallic lustre, or else brown, barred with black or dusky. 2. Upper parts and whole throat, breast, and tail black ; abdomen white (wing 356). lbycter americanus. 22. Upper parts brown, barred with black (wing 200). 7. Centre of crown brown, surrounded by slaty-blue ; secondaries largely slaty- blue; below buff-ochraceous; sides. spotted with black. Cerchnets sparveria phalena, adult. jj» No blue on upper parts ; lower parts thickly streaked with brown. Cerchnets sparveria phalena, juv. hh. Upper parts sooty-brown or slaty-blue. z. Upper parts sooty-brown or grayish-sooty ; remiges and rectrices sooty-gray, barred with dusky; lower parts buff, heavily streaked with chestnut-brown. Accipiter velox, juv. 22. Upper parts slaty-blue ; sides of neck rufous ; under parts white, broadly barred with pale rufous. Accipiter velox, adult. 77. Neither upper nor lower tail-coverts immaculate ; either barred or streaked. 448 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. g. Lower parts (at least abdomen) ior less heavily barred. h. Upper parts mainly sooty-black. t, Size large (wing 280 to 300). j. Entire lower parts coarsely barred with dark chestnut-brown and white (or buffy). Leptodon uncinatus, uv. jj. Forehead and lores mixed with white ; lower parts blackish, barred with buff- white. Leptodon uncinatus, adult. 27. Size small (wing not more than 145); en-— tire lower parts finely barred with sooty- black and white (rufous and white in young). Accipiter tinus. Ahh. Upper parts sooty-gray or grayish-brown ; con- cealed portion of remiges largely chest- nut-rufous. 7. Chest dirty buff-gray, unmarked ; upper parts unmarked ; belly barred with rufous and buff. Rupornis ruficauda, adult. 7. Entire lower parts buff-ochraceous, chest heavily streaked with dusky rufous ; breast and abdomen brokenly barred with rufous. Ruporntis ruficauda, jay. gg. Lower parts streaked or mottled but not barred. A, Size larger (wing 290); blackish above, con- cealed white on nape; chest and throat black, broadly streaked with sooty-gray ; abdomen — whitish, heavily streaked and mottled with sooty-black ; tail gray with two black bars. Leptodon cayennensis, uv. Ah. Smaller (wing 210) ; dark slate-color (adults) or — sooty-brown (juv.) above ; lower parts buff- — ochraceous, more or less heavily streaked with dark brown (less in adult); under wing-coverts mottled with white and dark brown. falco columbarius. 6b. ‘Tail always less than two-thirds the length of the wing. c, Tail never less than one-half the length of the wing. ad. Under parts more or less extensively barred, not streaked (except sometimes on throat). é. Throat and upper chest buff-ochraceous, white or slaty-black, unmarked. j- Throat buffy or white, unmarked. g. Breast black, narrowly barred with white; belly and thighs chestnut (wing Ig0). falco rufigularis. CARRIKER: LIST OF ‘THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. 449 gg. Breast, abdomen and thighs chestnut (wing 235). falco detroleucus, ff. Throat and chest slaty-black, rest below grayish-white, finely barred with blackish ; slaty above (wing 360). Leucopternis princeps. ee. Throat and upper chest either streaked or barred. jf. Upper parts bluish-gray, with faintly indicated bars of paler, entire under parts (except upper throat) finely barred with slaty gray and white. Asturina plagiata, adult. if. Upper parts mainly sooty-brown, or brown. g. Interscapular region and chest buff, barred with black; breast and thighs black; tail extensively white basally. Polyborus cheriway, gg. Interscapular region concolorous with back ; breast, abdomen, and thighs buff-white, coarsely and brokenly barred with dark chestnut-rufous; chest heavily mottled with same. Buteo platypterus. dd. Under parts mottled or streaked but not barred (except sometimes on thighs). e. Dorsal aspect of tail chestnut, or else chest dusky chestnut- rufous, with rest of lower parts mainly white (wing 380). jf. Tail chestnut; lower parts (except throat, white) buff- ochraceous, mottled with sooty-brown. Buteo boreaits costaricensis, adult. ff. Chest brown, rest below white. Auteo swainsoni, adult. ee. Dorsal aspect of tail not chestnut or brown. jf. Under tail-coverts white or buff-ochraceous, unmarked, or else upper tail-coverts and base of tail whitish. g. Upper tail-coverts and base of tail whitish ; lower parts whitish, throat narrowly, and breast broadly, streaked with dark brown; flanks almost entirely brown. Rostrhamus sociabilis, juv. gg. Under tail-coverts white or buff-ochraceous. h. Median portion of outer web of primaries cinna- mon-ochraceous, barred with black, apical portion sooty-black ; pileum and nape buff- white, streaked with sooty. Asturina plagiata, juv. hh, Whole outer web of primaries sooty-black. z. Inner web of three outer primaries emargi- nate (wing, 4co); lower parts but slightly mottled with dusky. Buteo swainsont, juv, 2z. Inner web of four outer primaries emarginate. Jj» Smaller (wing, 280); buff below, sides of chest and throat streaked, abdo- 450 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. men and thighs spotted with sooty- — brown. Buteo platypterus, juv. jj. Larger (wing, 400); throat and abdo- men streaked, breast unmarked; thighs brokenly barred. Buteo borealis costaricensts, juv. 7. Under tail-coverts streaked or barred. g. Tarsi shorter (75 to 90). A. Vail (dorsal view) sooty-brown, with indistinct bars of darker sooty; under parts heavily obscured with sooty-brown (tarsi, 75). Buteo swainsont, juv. hh. ‘Tail buff-white, with about six black bars (tarsi, 90); deep ochraceous below, streaked with black, thighs barred with black. Urubitinga anthracina, juv. gg. Tarsi longer (110 mm.); under parts deep ochre, streaked and spotted with dark brown; upper tail-coverts buff. i. Markings on breast heavier. Urubitinga urubitinga ridgwayt, juv. hh. Markings on chest narrower. Urubitinga urubitinga, juv. cc. Tail less than one-half the length of wing. d. More than half of basal portion of tail white or grayish-white (ven- tral surface). e. Shoulders and tertials largely chestnut-brown; lower parts white, finely barred on abdomen and thighs with dark rufous. Buteo albicaudatus sennetti, adult. ee. Shoulders and tertials not chestnut-brown ; inner wing-coverts white, strongly barred with dark brown; lower parts white, coarsely and brokenly barred on abdomen and thighs or else nearly entire lower parts obscured by sooty-brown or blackish. Buteo albicaudatus sennettt, juv. dd. Vail not largely white or grayish-white. e. Nearly entire upper and lower parts chestnut-brown ; primar- les, secondaries, and rectrices black; a patch of black on lower throat (young with dark spots and streaks on abdo- men). Busarellus nigricollis. ee. Slaty-black above, feathers narrowly margined with whitish ; below whitish, broadly streaked with slaty-black. Lctinia plumbea, juv. 124. Polyborus cheriway (Jacquin). falco cheriway JACQUIN, Beitrag, 1784, 17, t. 4. Polyborus chertway CABANIS, in Schomb, Reis. Guiana, III, 741. — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, 33. —ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, CARRIKER: List OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. 451 125 (Alajuéla). —CHERRIF, Auk, VII, 1890, 333; IX, 1892, 328 (San José — rather rare, but resident). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 446 ( Miravalles). —SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, I901, 125 (references cited). Polyborus audubontt LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 132 (San José [J. Carmiol]).— FRANTZzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 367 (C. R.). C. H. Lankester Collection: Guanacaste. This species inhabits the Pacific slope and the peninsula of Nicoya, north to Nicaragua, but does not extend south of the Gulf of Nicoya. It is most abundant in Guanacaste, and even there it is few in numbers, associating with the vultures. They seem very tame, for near Punta- renas beside the railroad-track I noticed one which remained perching while the train passed by. 125. Ibycter americanus (Boddaert). (Native name ‘‘ Gavelon de Cacao.’’ ) Falco americanus BODDAERT, Tabl. Plan. Enl., 1783, p. 25. Lbycter americanus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 132 (San José [J. Carmiol]).— FRANTZIuUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 367 (Guaitil and Guanacaste), —SHARIE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, 35.--RiIpGWAy, Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geogr. Surv., I, 470 (San José [M. Calleja], Talamanca [Gabb]).— ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 125 (Jiménez, Tacares de Ala- juéla, Pédzo Azul de Pirris). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893 (Térraba Valley —seen but not collected). —SALVIN and GopmaN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1901, 128 (references cited). U. S. Nat. Museum: Bonilla (Ridgway) (Basulto). Bangs Collection: Pozo Azul de Pirris (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui. Carnegie Museum: Pozo Azul de Pirris and. El Hogar (Carriker). Two skins. An inhabitant of the forests of the lowlands of both the Pacific and Caribbean. It is never abundant, is invariably seen in pairs, and is very noisy. It frequently utters its peculiar cry, especially when alarmed or disturbed, which resembles much the word ‘‘ ca-ca-o,’’ so much so indeed that the natives have named it ‘‘ Gavelon de Cacao.’’ I have never seen the bird on the ground, but often in low trees in the forest, and I imagine its food consists largely of tree-lizards and small snakes. 126. Circus hudsonius (Linnzus). Falco hudsonius LINNEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1776, 128. Circus hudsonius VIE\LLOT, Ois. Am, Sept., 1, 1807, pl. 9. — LAWRENCE, Ann. 4.52 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 134 (San José [J. Carmiol]).— FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 370 (Candelaria Mts.).— SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, 55. — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 50 (Buenos Aires —common from Nov. to Jan.) ; Auk, VII, 1890, 333; IX, 1892, 328 (San José —toleraby common from Oct. I to Feb. 28).— SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1899, 43 (references cited). Bangs Collection: Bolson, Cartago, Azahar de Cartago (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection = Vurricares: A common winter resident over the higher parts of the country and the region of the plains of northwestern and southwestern Costa Rica. I never saw it on the Caribbean lowlands, for the reason, I suppose, that there are few or no suitable conditions for it. I saw a pair in October flying about the marsh at El] Alto (Ochomogo). 127. Micrastur brachypterus (Temminck ). falco brachypterus TEMMINCK, Pl. Col., I, 1822, Pls. 116, 142. Micrastur semitorguatus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 134 (Las Cruces de Candelaria, Rancho Redondo [ Zeled6n] ). — FRANTZzIUs, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 369 (C. R.),.— SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, 75. — BoucarD, P. Z. S., 1878, 44 (La Candelaria). Micrastur melanoleucus RIDGWAY, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1875, 484 (San José and Angostura [J. Carmiol], Rancho Redondo [Frantzius], Sipurio [Gabb] ).—ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 125 (C. R.). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 50 (Buenos Aires). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am,, Aves, III, 1901, 107 (Irazu, Sibahue, Bebe- déro [Underwood ]). Bangs Collection: Bolson and Carrillo (Underwood ). Dr. Richmond informs me that the now accepted name for this species is that here used, that Sparverius semttorquatus Vieillot, does not refer to this bird, nor does me/anoleucus. This Aicrastur seems to be sparingly distributed over nearly the whole of Costa Rica, up to 6,000 or 7,000 feet. In spite of the fact that it has such a wide range it is not a common bird anywhere, while its habitat renders it more difficult to find and collect than most hawks. It keeps entirely within the forest, and like all of the genus is to be found low down. 128. Micrastur mirandollei (Schlegel). Astur mirandollet SCALEGEL, Nederl. Tijdschr., I, 1863, 131. Micrastur mirandollei SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1867, 759. — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, 76.— RipGWAy, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei: Phila., 1875, 485 (Talamanca [Gabb]).—SALVIN and GOoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1901, 109 (Costa Rica and Panama). WARRIKER: LIsT OF THE BIRDS oF Costa RICA. 453 The only record for the taking of this rare hawk in Costa Rica is that published by Mr. Ridgway (Talamanca [Gabb]). This bird was evidently taken in the vicinity of Sipurio, for Professor Gabb did most of his work there. Nothing is known of its habits or Central Ameri- can range, beyond the fact that this one specimen was taken in Talamanca and two are recorded from Panama. It is evidently only a rare straggler in this region and does not properly belong to the avifauna of Costa Rica. 129. Micrastur interstes Bangs. Micrastur gueritdla SHARPE, Cat, Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, 79. part. — RIbG- WAY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1875, 488, part (C. R. [Frantzius and Gabb]).— ZELEDON, An. Mus, Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 126 (Monte Redondo). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 50 ( Boruca). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1901, 110, Aart ( Estrella, Jiménez, Irazi, Talamanca, Pozo del Pital, Carrillo [Underwood]). Micrastur interstes BANGS, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 289 (La Estrella de Cartago and E] Pézo de Térraba [Underwood]). Bangs Collection: Tenorio (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Tuis. Sarmevie Museum : Pozo.Azul-de Pirris,’ Carrillo, Buenos . Aires (Carmker). Three skins. Like its larger relative, this handsome little hawk is well distributed over the whole of the country, up to at least 5,000 feet. It is more abundant in the lowlands of the Pacific than in any other portion of Costa Rica, and like all the genus it is strictly an inhabitant of forests, keeping near the ground in the low trees, vines, and shrubbery. Its food consists largely of small birds. As a rule it is quite fearless, and is much easier to approach than most woodland birds. I once watched one of these hawks make an attack on asmall covey of partridges ( Odontophorus melanoleucus). The partridges fled in every direction in the utmost confusion, and while the hawk did not succeed in killing his quarry he at least relieved the bird of a large portion of its feathers. I was so interested in the outcome of the battle that both hawk and partridges made their escape. 130. Geranospizias niger (Du Bus). Ischnosceles niger Du Bus, Bull. Ac. Brux., XIV, 1847, p. 1021. Geranospizias niger SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, 82 (Central America). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 127 (Pozo Azul de Pirris), — SALVIN and GoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1899, 52 (Zeledon’s references). — BANGS, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 290 (El Pozo de Térraba [ Under- wood]). 454 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Bangs Collection: Bolson and Tenorio (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Guanacaste. Carnegie Museum: Bebedéro (Carriker). One skin. I believe this bird to be confined to the Pacific lowlands of Costa Rica, for in all my collecting on the eastern slope I have never seen it, nor are there any records for that side. It is of a very sluggish nature and apparently feeds on frogs and lizards, for it is always found in the vicinity of water, usually a sluggish lagoon or pond. In its habits it somewhat resembles Uriédztinga, but is still more sluggish. 131. Parabuteo unicinctus harrisi (Audubon). Falco harrisitt AUDUBON, Birds Amer., t. 392; Orn. Biogr., V, 30. Erythrocnema unicincta, part (nec Temminck) SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, 85. Parabuteo unicinctus harrisi RIDGWAY, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, N. Amer. Birds, III, 250. — NUTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 328 (La Palma de Nicoya). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 126 (San Jo:é). — CHERRIE, Auk, IX, 1892, 328 (San José —- a skin in Museum labelled San José). -— SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1899, 56. Buteo harrisi SAVIN and GOpMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1899, 56 (references cited). C. H. Lankester Collection: Palo Verde de Guanacaste. A very rare bird in Costa Rica, but doubtless a resident. Mr. Lan- kester’s bird was taken about May 5-10. I sawabird on the edge of the lagoon at the mouth of the Matina River in November, but was unable to secure it. Mr. Nutting says that this bird is an inveterate chicken-thief and associates with vultures, eating carrion. 132. Accipiter cooperi (Bonaparte). Falco cooperit BONAPARTE, Am. Orn., II, 1828, I, pl. x, fig. 1. Accipiter coopert? GRAY, List B. Brit. Mus. Accipitres, 1844, 38. — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 134 (El Mojén [ J. Cooper]). — FRANTZIUs, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 359 (C. R.). — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, 137. —SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1899, 46 (C. R. [ J. Carmiol]). Nisus cooperti RipGwaAy, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv., I, 1876, 103 (El Mojon [Cooper]). A rare winter visitant, probably only to be found in the highlands. 133. Accipiter tinus (Latham). falco tinus LATHAM, Ind. Orn., p. 50. Accipiter tinus GRAY, Gen. Birds, I, 29, t. 10.—SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, 139.— SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1899, 51 (Nicaragua and Panama). CARRIKER: bist OF THE Brrps oF CosTA, RICA. 455 Bangs Collection: Carrillo, May 13, 1907, o& juv. (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Guapiles, March 10, 1903, & ad.; El Hogar, Bete to05, 2, March, 1907, co’ (Carriker). The present species is one of the rarest of the Central American hawks, but three specimens being known from Central America pre- vious to the taking of those recorded above, two from Panama and one from Greytown, Nicaragua (A. Alfaro), the latter being in the Museo Nacional de Costa Rica. This specimen was reported by Mr. Cherrie @ toceU. >. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 537). Jt seems to be restricted to the northeastern parts of Costa Rica, for although I always hunted for it in other places I never saw it outside of that region. It is an inhabitant of the dense forest, with habits very similar to those of Micrastur interstes. Yhe male taken at El Hogar in March, 1907, was eating a freshly killed ant-thrush (Ramphocenus semitorquatus) , and allowed me to approach within thirty feet of it without showing signs of fright or ceasing to feed on its prey. 134. Accipiter velox (Wilson). Falco velox WILson, Am. Orn., V, 1852, 116, pl. 45, fig. I. Accipiter velox ViGors, Zool. Jour., 1, 1824, 338.— ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C.R., I, 1887, 126.— CHERRIE, Auk, IX, 192, 328 (San José, Jan. 8, 1884). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1899, 48 (San José [ Carmiol }). Accipiter fuscus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1268, 134 (El Mojon [ Zele- dén]).— FRANTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 369 (C. R.).—SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit, Mus., 1,.1874,; 135. Nisus fuscus RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv., I, 1876, 115 (El Mojon, Dec., 1867 [Frantzius]). U. 5. Nat. Mus.: Guayabo, March, 1908 (Ridgway and Zeledon). ‘C. H. Lankester Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqut. Bangs Collection: Volcan de Irazi, Nov. 27, Escazi, Nov. 29 (Underwood ). A winter visitor, occurring in smal] numbers over the higher portions of the country. 135. Accipiter bicolor schistochlamys Hellmayr. Accipiter bicolor SCLATER and SALVIN, Exotic. Orn., 1868, 137, 170, Pl. 69. — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, 154, part. ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac- de C, R., I, 1887, 126 (San José).— CHERRIE, Auk, IX, 1892, 328 (San. José).—SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1899, 47 (Mira- valles [ Underwood], Turrialba [ Arcé]). 456 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Accipiter pileatus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc.. N. Y., IX, 1868, 134 (San José [J. Carmiol], Dota [F. Carmiol], Turrialba [Cooper]).— FRANtTz1us, Jour. fiir Or ., 1369, 360.(C..R, ). Nisus bicolor RipGwAy, Bull. U. S. Geogr. and Geol. Surv., I, 1876, 108 (San José [Carmiol], Turrialba [Cooper]). Accipiter bicolor schistochlamys HELUMAYR, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, XVI, 1906, 823 (Ecuador to Chiriqui).— Banes, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 290 (El Pézo and Boruca [Underwood] ). U.S. Nat. Museum: Santa Maria de Dota (Basulto). Bangs Collection: Pozo Azul de Pirris (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: El Hogar, Boruca, and Buenos Aires (Carriker). Three skins. | Fairly common over the lowlands of both the Caribbean and Pacific and extending upward over the highlands, in less numbers, to an ele- vation of perhaps 4,000 feet. Its habits are more like the North American species of the genus, since it keeps more to the open wood- land, isolated thickets, and second-growth scrub. They prey largely upon birds. ~The specimen shot at El Hogar was feeding upon a. freshly killed cuckoo (Crotophaga sulcirostris). 136. Buteo albicaudatus sennetti Allen. Tachytriorchis albicaudatus SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, 162. Buteo erythronotus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 133 (San José [J. Carmiol], San Antonio [Zeledén]). — FRANTz1US, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 210 and 368 (C. R.). Buteo albicaudatus ZELEDON, An. Mus, Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 126 (C. R.). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol, Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1901, 58 (references cited). Buteo albicaudatus sennettt ALLEN, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., V, 144 (Central America and southern Texas). ; Bangs Collection: San José and Cerro de Santa Maria (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Laguna de Ochomogo. The White-tailed Buzzard is a rare bird in Costa Rica, but few specimens having been recorded from that country. It appears to be a resident of the higher portions of the country, but in small numbers. It is much more abundant further north, especially in Mexico. 137. Buteo abbreviatus Cabanis. Buteo abbreviatus CABANIS, in Schomb. Reise Brit. Guiana, III, 1848, 739. — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 126. —SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1901, 59 (San Lucas [Underwood]). CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF COSTA RICA. 457 Buteo fuliginosus LAWRENCE, Ann, Lyc. N. Y., 1X, 1868, 133 (La Palma [Zele- don]).— FRANrzius, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 368 (San Antonio [Zeledén]). Tachytriorchts abbreviatus SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, 163. A rare migrant, a few birds remaining scattered over the highlands, while the balance of the few that go further south than Mexico, drift on to Panama and South America. 138. Buteo swainsoni Bonaparte. Buteo swainsont BONAPARTE, Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 3. — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 126. — CHERRIE, Auk, VII, 1890, 333; IX, 1892, 328 (seen occasionally from Nov. 1 to Feb. 25). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1901, 68 (Tucurriqui [ Arcé] ). Buteo obsoletus SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, 184. Buteo albonotatus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 133 (San José [J. Carmiol] ). Carnegie Museum: Volcan de Irazt (8000 ft.), 2 & 3%, Apr. 4 and no,, 1902. (Carriker). I never met with this species except during April, 1902, on the Volcan de Irazi, where they were quite numerous for about three weeks and then disappeared. I believe that they were migrating from some point further south and stopped on Irazt to rest and feed. During the early autumn of 1906 there passed over El] Hogar at a great height, an enormous flock of hawks, which I think were of this species, but they were too high to be certain of the identification. As nearly as I could estimate, there appeared to be at least a thousand of them. ‘They came from the northwest, moving slowly in great circles, and after perhaps half an hour disappeared toward the south- east. 139. Buteo borealis costaricensis Ridgway. Buteo borealis, var. costaricensts RIDGWAY, Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. Birds, III, 1874, 285 (Costa Rica [ Frantzius]). Buteo borealis costaricensts NUTTING, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 404 (La Palma de Nicoya). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 126 (Car- tago and Santa Maria de Dota). Buteo borealis, var. montanus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 133 (San José [J. Carmiol], Los Tabacales [Zeledén]), — FRAnrzius, Jour. fiir Orn., E969, 3638 (C.. R.). Buteo borealis SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1901, 61 (Cartago, San Isidro, Dota). d Buteo montanus (nec Nutt.) CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 210 (C. R.). — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, 189 (San José [Van Patten]). 458 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. U. S. Nat. Museum: San Lucas de Dota (Basulto). Bangs Collection: Azahar de Cartago (Underwood). Although there are quite a number of records for the taking of this bird in Costa Rica, I do not believe it to be very abundant. It is restricted to the higher parts of the central plateau and the high mountains. I saw a fine adult bird on the Volcan de Turrialba in October, 1907, but was unable to secure it. 140. Buteo platypterus platypterus (Vieillot). Sparverius platypterus VIEILLOT, Encycl. Method. Ornithol., III, 1823, 1273. Buteo latissimus SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, 193.— BoucARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 44 (San José, January). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. deC. R., I, 1887, 126 (Jiménez).—CHERRIE, Auk, VIT, 1890, 333; IX, 1892, 328 (San José, from the last of Nov. to May 1). —SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.- Am., Aves, IIT, 1901, 69 (Carrillo and Barba [ Underwood], San Lucas and Talamanca [ Mus. Nac. de C. R.]). Buteo Pennsylvanicus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868 (San José [J. Carmiol], Angostura [F. Carmiol]).— FraAnvztus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 368 (San José). U. S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeledon). Bangs Collection: Azahar de Cartago (Underwood). Fleming Collection: Carrillo and Escazi (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui. Carnegie Museum: Guapiles, El Hogar, Tucurriqui (Carriker). Four skins. The most abundant and widely spread of the migrant species of hawks in Costa Rica, being found in the lowlands of both the Ca- ribbean and Pacific, and over the central plateau region. It seems quite partial to trees along the edges of streams and isolated patches of woodland. 141. Buteo brachyurus Vieillot. Buteo brachyurus VIFILLOT, Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist, Nat., 1V, 1816, 477. CHERRIE, Auk, IX, 1892, 328 (San José, Sept. 10, 1888 [Alfaro]).— SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, tgo1, 71 (Irazi [Underwood], San Antonio [ Frantzius], La Palma [Zeledon and Frantzius]). Buteola brachyura SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, 201. Buteo fuliginosus ZELEDON, An. Mus, Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 126 (C. R.). Bangs Collection: Azahar de Cartago (Underwood). A rare species in Costa Rica and confined to the higher portions of the plateau region, as far as can be determined by the records known. I do not know whether it is a resident there or only a winter visitor, CARRIKER:® istT OF THE BrRDS oF Costa RICA. 459 but it is probably the latter. The only dates I have for its collection in Costa Rica are August 30th and September roth. 142. Asturina nitida (Latham). Falco nitidus LATHAM, Ind. Orn., I, 1790, 41; Temm, Pl. Col., I, 1824, tt. 87, 204. Asturina nitida SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, 203 (South America), — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr,-Am., Aves, III, 1901, 73 (Panama and S. A.). — BANgs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 290 (El Pézo de Térraba, April 3, 1906, & [Underwood ]). The specimen recorded by Mr. Bangs from El Pozo is an adult male, typical of the species, and agrees exactly with birds from Panama. It is undoubtedly the only record for the taking of A. nitizda so far north and is a very unusual occurrence. 143. Asturina plagiata Schlegel. Asturina plagiata SCHLEGEL, Mus. Pays-Bas, Asturine, p. I. —SCLATER and Saivineiexotie Orn.; 170, Pl. 90; P. Z..S., 1869; 130 (La Barranca [Arcé]). — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, 204. — ZEIEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 126 (San Mateo). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1901, 74 (references cited). — NUTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 403 (La Palma de Nicoya). Asturina nitida LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., 1X, 1868, 134 (Gulf of Nicoya [ Coll. Salvin]}. — Franrzius, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 369 (C. R.). Asturina polionota CABANIS, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 208 (C. R. [Ellendorf]). U. S. Nat. Museum: Santo Domingo (Ridgway). Bangs Collection: Bolson (Underwood). mor wankester Collection’: Bebedéro. The Goshawk in Costa Rica seems to be confined entirely to the shores and slopes of the Gulf of Nicoya, all the specimens recorded having been taken either on the mainland east of the Gulf (Barranca and San Mateo) or in the valley of the Tempisque River. Iam quite certain the bird does not occur on the Carribbean slope, or I should have seen it there at some time. 144. Rupornis ruficauda (Sclater and Salvin). Asturina magnirostris LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 134 (Juan [Frantzius], San José and Turrialba [J. Carmiol]).— FRANTZz1us, Jour. fiir Orm., 1869, 369 (C: R.). Asturina ruficauda SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1869, 133 (Veragua) ; Exotic Orn., 1868, Pl. 88. — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874 (Chiri- qui and Panama). Rupornis ruficauda NUTTING, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 403 (La Palma 460 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. de Nicoya), — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. deC. R., I, 126 (Liberia, San Mateo and La Palma de San José). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 51 (Boruca and Buenos Aires) ; Auk, IX, 1892, 328 (San José; not common, but more so at lower altitudes). — SALVIN and GOpMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1901, 76 (San Lucas, Irazi, Alajuéla, San Isidro, Santa Ana, Talamanca, Guaitil, Bebedéro, Miravalles [Underwood]).— BANGs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 290 (Boruca and E] Pozo [Underwood]). U. S.. Nat. Museum: Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeledén), Pigres and Bonilla (Ridgway). Bangs Collection : Bolson, Cerro de Santa Maria, Tenorio, El General de Térraba (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Pozo Aztl, La Hondura, Bebedéro, Miravalles ; El P6zo, Boruca, and Buenos Aires de Térraba (Carriker). Eleven skins. By far the commonest hawk in Costa Rica, although not abundant over the whole of the country. It is rare in the Caribbean lowlands, I never having seen but one bird at low altitude (Guapiles), but a little higher up it is commoner. It is also sparsely scattered over the lower portion of the highlands, becoming more abundant on the Paci- _ fic slope and reaches its maximum abundance in southwestern Costa Rica, in the Térraba Valley, where it is even commoner than around the Gulf of Nicoya. It is usually met with along streams, although not confined to such localities. It is quite fearless and feeds largely on lizards. 145. Busarellus nigricollis (Latham). falco nigricollis .ATHAM, Ind. Orn., I, 1790, 30. Busarellus nigricollis SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, 211. — NUTTING, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 404 (La Palma de Nicoya). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 126 (Las Trojas and Liberia). —SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1go1, 85. Bangs Collection: Bolson (Underwood ). Apparently a rare bird in Costa Rica, and thus far recorded only from the shores of the Gulf of Nicoya and Guanacaste. Nutting re- ports it abundant around La Palma, but it certainly is not common farther north, for neither Underwood, Lankester, nor myself took it in the Tempisque River region (excepting the single bird taken by Underwood at Bolson). ee _— iiRRikeR: LIST CF THE Birreps OF CosTA RICA. 461 146. Urubitinga urubitinga (Gmelin). Falco urubitinga GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, 265. Urubitinga zonura SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, 213, part. — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, 1901, III, 79 (Bebedéro [ Arcé]). Urubitinga urubitinga SHARPE, Hand List of Birds, I, 1899, 258. I have never collected or seena bird of this species from Costa Rica, and I have no doubt that it is only an occasional straggler so far north, its occurrence being similar to that of Asturina nitida as recorded by Mr. Bangs. The only authentic record existing which can be used for proof of its ever having been taken in Costa Rica is the single specimen taken by Arcé at Bebedéro, as recorded by Salvin and God- man (4zo/ogia), from which the description of the species for the Biologia was made. All other records for Urudbitinga urubitinga, which can be relied upon, were published prior to the description of U. u. ridgwayt by Gurney in 1884, and hence were naturally placed under the only existing species at that time. I do not believe that Costa Rica lies within the true range of the present species, and unless there be absolute proof to the contrary, all specimens of Uruditinga urubitinga from that country should be placed under the following subspecies. 147. Urubitinga urubitinga ridgwayi (Gurney). Urubitinga zonura LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 133 (San José { J. Carmiol]).—FRANTzius, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 368 (Aguacate). — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, 213, dav¢t. — RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv., II, 1876, 168, part (San José [ J. Carmiol], Sipurio [Gabb]). — NuTrinc, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 404 (La Palma de Nicoya). Urubitinga ridgwayt GURNEY, Diur. Birds Prey, 1884, pp. 77, 148. Urubitinga urubitinga ridywayt ZELEDON, An, Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 126 (San Mateo, San José). —CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 51 (Punta Mala and Laguna de Sierepe-Térraba) ; Auk, IX, 1892, 328 (San José —rare straggler). —- RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 521 (Rio Frio). —SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1901, 79 (P6zo Aztl and Miravalles [ Underwood ]). Bangs Collection: La Vijagua, Cerro de Santa Maria, El General de Térraba (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Guacimo, El Hogar, Bebedéro (Carriker). Three skins. A fairly common species in the lowlands of both the Caribbean and Pacific slopes, extending up over the central plateau in small numbers. 462 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. It is perhaps most numerous along the beach and the edges of rivers, seeming to feed extensively on frogs and small crustacea. It is of a very sluggish nature, and not at all shy, being very easy to approach. I have even seen them when shot at and not hit, sit calmly as before, only turning the head quickly to find the cause of the disturbance. 148. Urubitinga anthracina (Lichtenstein). Falco anthracinus LICHTENSTEIN, Preis. Verz. Mex. Vog., 1830, 3. Urubttinga anthracina SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1858, 295. — SCLATER and SALVIN, Ibis, 1859, 216 (Puntarenas [Salvin]). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 143 (San José [Frantzius], Angostura [F. Carmiol]). —- FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 368 (C. R.). — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, 215. — NUTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 404 (La Palma de Nicoya). — ZELEDON, An. Mus, Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 126 ( Jiménez, Pozo Azul de Pirris, Talamanca). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 51 (Palmar); Auk, IX, 1892, 328 (San José — not common).— RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 521 (Rio Frio). — Ripeway, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv., I, 1876, 171 (Puntarenas [Salvin], San José [ Frantz- ius], Angostura, [F’. Carmiol], Talamanca [Gabb]). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1go1, 81 (Miravalles [Arcé & Underwood ]). U.S. Nat. Museum: Guaydabo and Pigres (Ridgway and Zeledon). Bangs Collection: San José, Cerro de Santa Maria, Bolson (Under- wood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Guacimo. : Carnegie Museum: Gudacimo and El Hogar (Carriker). Two skins. The range and habits of the present species agree almost exactly with those of the preceding. 149. Leucopternis ghiesbreghti (Du Bus). Buteo ghiesbreghti Du Bus, Esquisses Orn., 1845, t. I. Pecilopternis ghiesbrechti FRANTZIUS, Jour, fiir Orn., 1869, 368 (Candelaria Mts. ). Leucopternis ghiesbreghti ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 126 (Jiménez).— SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1go1, 82 (Reventazon and Carrillo [Underwood ]). Urubitinga ghiesbreghti SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, 217.— BoucarD, P. Z. S., 1878, 44 (Juan Vifias). U.S. Nat. Museum: Bonilla (Basulto) (Ridgway). Bangs Collection: La Vijagua, Tenorio (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: ‘Guacimo: Carnegie Museum: Guapiles, El] Hogar, Miravalles (Carriker). Six skins. SAPRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. 463 This beautiful hawk is fairly common throughout the Caribbean low- lands, more so in the northern part, from which it spreads northwest- ward to the northern part of Guanacaste in small numbers. It has also been taken in the Candelaria Mountains (Frantzius), but I think this record doubtful, as it is quite out of the range of the bird. It is de- cidedly an inhabitant of the more humid portion of the eastern low- lands, although existing in smaller numbers elsewhere. | It is not found outside of the forests. Its favorite perch is on the top of some giant of the forest, where it is very conspicuous by reason of its white color, but quite safe from any weapon but a rifle. 150. Leucopternis semiplumbea Lawrence. Leucopternis semiplumbea LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VII, 1861, 288 ( Pan- ama); IX, 1868, 133 (Valsa [J. Carmiol ]). —SCLATER and SALVIN, Exotic Orn., 1868, Pl. 61. — FRANTzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 368 (C. R.). — RipGway, Bull. U.S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv., 1876, I, 178 ( Valsa [ J. Carmiol ], Talamanca and Old Harbor [Gabb]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus, Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 126 (Talamanca). —SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1901, 84 (references cited). Urubitinga semiplumbea SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, 220 (Panama and Costa Rica). C. H. Lankester Collection : Guacimo and Cariblanco de Sarapiqui. Carnegie Museum: Rio Sicsola, Guacimo, El Hogar (Carriker). Four skins. This species ranges over the whole of the Caribbean lowlands from Panama to Nicaragua, up to an elevation of probably not more than 1,200 feet. It is strictly an inhabitant of the forests, never going beyond the margin of the dense jungle peculiar to its range, nor have I ever seen it fly above the tree-tops. Asa rule they are to be seen perched on a limb at no great height from the ground, and, sitting perfectly still, will permit themselves to be approached quite closely before flying. 151. Leucopternis princeps Sclater. Leucopternis princeps SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1865, 429 (Tucurriqui [ Arcé]).— LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 133 (Tucurriqui [Arcé]). — FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 368 (C. R.). — R1pGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VI, 1883, 415 (Van Patten Coll. — three specimens). —SALVIN and GopmaN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1901, 83 (references). Urubitinga princeps SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, 220. C. H. Lankester Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui. Carnegie Museum: La Hondura (Carriker). ®ne skin. 464 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. I secured but one specimen of this magnificent bird, at La Hondura, on the Caribbean slope at an altitude of about 4,000 feet. It was killed in the heavy forest and no others were seen. I think there are not more than six specimens of this rare hawk in existence, all having been taken in Costa Rica, one at Tucurriqui (Arcé), one at Cariblanco (Lankester), three (locality unknown — Van Patten Coll.), and my bird from La Hondura. 152. Morphnus guianensis (Daudin). Falco guianensis DAUDIN, Traité, II, 1800, 78. Morphnus guianensis CASSIN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 132. — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, 222. — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1901, 88 (Panama). — BANGs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XXXIX, 1903, 142 (Honduras), —CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., IV, 1908, 302 (Cuabre, Talamanca). When I published my record for the taking of this species in Costa Rica, I stated that it was the first record north of Panama, having overlooked Mr. Bangs’ record for Honduras, whence he obtained a single specimen. The bird I took March 21st, 1904, was, however, the first and I believe only record for Costa Rica. The bird was shot in the heavy forest near the Sicsola River. 153. Thrasaétus harpyia (Linnzus). Vultur harpyia LINNAUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 121. Thrasaélus harpyia FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 368 (Cartago and Turrialba). — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 1874, 224. — BoucarD, P. Z. S., 1878, 44 (Candelaria Mts.).— ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., 1, 1887, 126. — CHERRIE, Auk, IX, 1892, 328 (reference to Frantzius’ record for San José).— SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1901, 89 (references cited ). Harpyia destructor LAWRENCE, Ann, Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 145 (San José [M. Calleja]). Carnegie Museum: E] Hogar, Nov. 24, 1906, oad. (Carriker). It is very probable that the range of this magnificent eagle does not extend to the Pacific slope, and that it prefers the dense forests and more humid climate of the Caribbean. Several specimens have been taken at rather high altitudes on the eastern side of the plateau region, but I am inclined to think it rather more abundant in the lowlands. The specimen taken at El Hogar was shot on the edge of a new clear- ing, and when first seen was on the ground, eating a young sloth which it had just killed. Another fine male was killed by a surveying party * CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF COSTA RICA. 465 at El Hogar a short time previously. This specimen I prepared for a friend. 154. Spiziastur melanoleucus (Vieillot). Buteo melanoleucus V1IEILLOT, Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., IV, 1816, 482. Spizaétus melanoleucus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 132 (1a Palma [Zeledén]).— FRANTzIUs, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 368 (San José, Esparta, Pacuare ). Spiziastur melanoleucus SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, 258. — Ripc- way, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv., 1876, 166 (La Palma [ Zeledon]). ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 126. —SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, IIJ, 1901, 94 (Tucurriqui [ Arcé]). Carnegie Museum: El Hogar and Buenos Aires de Térraba (Carriker). Two skins. This beautiful species is evidently sparingly distributed over nearly the whole of Costa Rica, excepting the higher portions of the moun- tains. It frequents the more open woodland, soars a great deal, and likes to perch on the very top of tall trees, like Leucopternis ghtes- breghti, for which it might easily be mistaken if the back were not visible. 155. Spizaétus ornatus (Daudin). Falco ornatus DAUDIN, Traité, II, 1800, 77. Spizaétus ornatus SCLAYTER, P. Z. S., 1857, 201.— LAWRENCE, Ann, Lyc. N. Y.,. IX, 1868, 132 (San José [J. Carmiol], La Palma and Juan [Zeledén]).— FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 367 (Ordsi).-- NUTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 404 (La Palma de Nicoya). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 126 (San José). —CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 51 (Boruca) ; Auk, IX, 1892, 328 (San José, occasionally met with). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 446 (Miravalles). —SALVIN and GopMan, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1901, 92 (San Isidro, San Vicente, Jiménez (Under- wood). Spizaétus mauduytt SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, 262. C. H. Lankester Collection: Guanacaste. Carnegie Museum: El Pozo de Térraba (Carriker). One skin. Although there is a record of the taking of this species at Jiménez, in the Caribbean lowlands, I believe it to be merely a straggler on that side, and that its true range in Costa Rica covers only the central plateau region and the Pacific slope to the coast, including Guanacaste. It is much more abundant than the other representative of the genus in Costa Rica (.S. ¢yvannus), but yet is not by any means a common bird, for in all my collecting I saw only two individuals. It is Buteo-like in its habits and manner of flight, and perches in large trees in conspicuous places as do the Buteos. 466 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 156. Spizaétus tyrannus (Neuwied). © Falco tyrannus NEUWIEL, Reise n. Bras., I, 1820, 360; Temm. Pl. Col., 73. Spizaétus tyrannus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 132 (Tucurriqui [Arcé, Coll, O. Salvin]).— FRANTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 368 (C. R.).— SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, 264.—-ZELEDON, An Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 126. —SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1901, 93 (San José [Underwood] ). Field Museum : Juan Vifias (Carriker). Carnegie Museum: Boruca (Carriker). One skin. The present species occupies about the same range as the preceding, but is a much rarer bird, very few specimens of it having been taken in Costa Rica. I secured one specimen at Juan Vifias and one at Boruca, both being shot in rather open woodland. Both birds were quite low down in the trees, and did not seem very shy. 157. Herpetotheres cachinnans (Linnzus). (Native name ‘‘ Guaco.”’ ) Falco cachinnans LINN#US, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 128. Hlerpetotheres cachinnans ViE1LLOT, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., XVIII, 1817, 317. — LAWRENCE, Ann, Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 132 (C. R. [ Frantzius]). — FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 367 (C. R.). —Ripeway, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv., 1876, I, 138 (Talamanca [Gabb]). — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, 278. —SALVIN and GoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1901, 112 ( Bebedéro and Miravalles [Underwood] ). Carnegie Museum: Guacimo, Rio Sicsola, El Hogar (Carriker). Three skins. Distributed over both the Caribbean and Pacific lowlands, but does not get very high, not more than to 2,000 feet. They frequent almost entirely the forests or wooded pastures, and are always more abundant in districts where snakes are plentiful, for their food consists almost entirely of these reptiles. They have a very peculiar loud cry, which they often utter just before dusk for ten or fifteen minutes with scarcely an intermission. ‘They begin witha call resembling ‘‘gua-co’’ (gwa’-co), slowly at first, with quite a noticeable interval between the two syllables. Gradually the notes increase in rapidity of utterance, while the inter- val between the two syllables decreases, until the call becomes merely a rapid repetition of ‘‘ guas, guas.””. In Costa Rica the natives call the bird ‘‘ Guaco’’ and in Nicaragua ‘‘ Guas.’’ CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BirRDS oF CosTA RICA. 467 158. Elanoides forficatus (Linnzus). (Native name ‘‘ Tijereta.’’ ) Falco forficatus LINNUS, Syst. Nat., ed 10, I, 1758, 89. Elanoides forficatus CouES, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1875, 345. — RipGway, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv., I, 1876, 182 (San José [ Frantzius]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 126. Elanoides furcatus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 134 (Birris [Zele- dén}). — Franrtztus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 369 (Aguacate, Quebrada Honda, Cervantes). — SHARPE, Cat, Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, 317. — BoucarD, P. Z. S., 1878, 45 (Juan Viiias).—SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1901, 95 (San Miguel and Juan Vifias). — BANGs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 290 ( Boruca [ Underwood] ). U.S. Nat. Museum: Bonilla (Ridgway) (Basulto). Bangs Collection: E] General de Térraba (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection : Cariblanco de Sarapiqui. Fleming Collection: Turrialba (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Guapiles, Juan Vifias (Carriker). Three skins. Rather plentiful over both slopes and the central plateau region, perhaps more abundant between 1,000 and 3,000 feet. Theyare almost always to be seen circling about over a hillside or open pasture, and are very shy as a rule, never coming within gunshot of a person, if fiey see fim first. The native name ‘‘ Tijereta’’ (a small pair of scissors ) is derived from the shape of the tail. 159. Rostrhamus sociabilis (Vieillot). Fler petotheres soctabilis VIEILLOT, Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., XVIII, 1817, 318. Rostrhamus sociabiis Moore, P. Z. S., 1859, 52. — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 134 (Gulf of Nicoya [Coll. O. Salvin]). — FRANTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1879, 369 (C. R.). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1901, 99 (Frantzius’ record). Bangs Collection: Bolson, Dec. 28, 1907 ( Underwood). palvinesays (7025, 1869, 317.), in-his notes on Mr. Lawrence’s Catalogue, in regard to this species: ‘‘ We have no specimen from the Gulf of Nicoya, nor can I find any mention of tne species in our manuscript lists of Arcé’s collections.’’ ‘The presence of the species in Frantzius’ list (Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 369) rests wholly upon the record given by Lawrence the previous year, therefore there is abso- lutely no authentic published record of the occurrence of this kite in Costa Rica, and were it not for the specimen collected at Bolson by Underwood (mentioned above) the species would have to be dropped 468 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. from the list of the birds of Costa Rica. As it now stands, the first record for Costa Rica is the specimen above cited. There is appar- ently no reason why the bird should not be found there, and its absence is unusual. 160. Leptodon uncinatus (Temminck). Falco uncinatus TEMMINCK, Pl. Col., 1824, 103, 104, 105. Cymindis uncinatus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N, Y., IX, 1868, 134 (San José [ Frantzius]). Leptodon uncinatus SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, 330 (no C. R. record ). — BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 45 (Juan Viiias, one specimen ). Regerhinus uncinatus NUTTING, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882-(La Palma de Nicoya).—RIpDGWAY, Bull. U.S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv., 1876, I, 159 (C. R. [ Frantzius]).— SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1g9o1, 102 ( Barranca [ Arcé]). C. H. Lankester Collection: Juan Vifias. Carnegie Museum: Juan Vifias (Carriker). One adult. Probably found only over the central plateau and the Pacific slope, but in small numbers. Nutting says it was common at La Palma de Nicoya, but if it was, it certainly is not abundant anywhere else in Guanacaste, for neither Underwood nor Lankester took it there, nor did I ever meet with it. The single specimen which I secured at Juan Vifias was in a small patch of second growth woodland on the slope of a deep ravine. I saw no others. 161. Leptodon cayennensis (Gmelin). Falco cayennensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, 263. — TEMMINCK, PI. Col., 270, Cymindis cayennensis LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 134 (Gulf of Nicoya [Coll. O. Salvin]). — FRANTzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 369 (C. R.). Leptodon cayennensis SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, 333 (noC. R. reference ).—RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv., I, 1876, 155 (Old Harbor and Talamanca [Gabb]).— ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 126 (Pozo Azul de Pirris and Birris de Cartago), — SALVIN and Gop- MAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1901, 100 (references cited). — BANGs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 290 (El Pozo de Térraba [Underwood]). Bangs Collection: Pdzo Azul de Pirris (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Pozo Azul de Pirris, Boruca (Carriker). Three skins. Most of the records for this species are from the lowlands of the Pacific, although a few have been taken elsewhere. ‘Two were taken by Gabb in southeastern Costa Rica, but it must be very rare, for I GARRIKER® LIST OF THE BirpDs: Or Cosra RIca: 469 never saw it in the same region, during the yearI was there. Zeledon also records one from near Juan Vinas (Birris). Taking these records into consideration, the bird is evidently found over the whole of the lower portion of both slopes, up to 3,000 feet, but is not common anywhere. The specimens secured at Boruca (two) were taken in the forest in one of the deep valleys so common in that region. 162. Harpagus fasciatus Lawrence. Harpagus fasciatus .AWRENCE, Proc, Acad, Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, 429 (Guate- mala),—SALVIN, Ibis, 1870, 115 (C. R. [J. Carmiol]). —SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, 363 (Guatemala to’ Panama),— SALVIN and Gop- MAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1901, 106 ( Miravalles [ Underwood] ). Bangs Collection: Escazu, one specimen (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Guacimo and Banana River, two specimens, Carnegie Museum: Cuabre de Talamanca, ¢ (Carriker). One skin. This is one of the rare hawks, not only of Costa Rica, but of the whole of Central America. Its habits are quite similar to the mem- bers of the genus /a/co, as far as I was able to observe, and from what Mr. Lankester told me. A pair was seen at Cuabre, but the male escaped. 163. Falco albigularis Daudin. falco albigularis DAUDIN, Traité, II, 131. —SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1887, 116. — ZELEDON, An. Mus, Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 125 (La Palma de San José, Pézo Azul de Pirris), —CHERRIF, Auk, IX, 1892, 327 (San José, a rare straggler). Falco rufigularis SALVIN and GOpDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1901, 116 (references). Hypotriorchus rufigularts SALVIN, Ibis, 1869, 319 (Costa Rica). U. S. Nat. Museum: San Lucas de Dota (Basulto). Bangs Collection: Cerro de Santa Maria, El General de Térraba, Los Cuadros de Irazi (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Guacimo. Carnegie Museum: Cuabre de Talamanca, Miravalles, El Pdzo de Térraba (Carriker). Three skins. Found on both the Pacific and Caribbean slopes, usually below 2,000 feet, but much more commonly on the Pacific. Its habits are typical of the genus, perching on a dead stub or exposed branch, and darting out after its quarry. 470 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 164. Falco columbarius columbarius Linnzus. Falco columbarius LINNAUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 90.— SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, 408. —CHERRIE, Auk, IX, 1892, 328 (San José; a skin brought to Mus, Nac. by M, Carranza).—SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1901, 119 (references cited). Lypotriorchis columbarius LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 134 (San José [J. Carmiol].)— FRANvTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 36y (C. R.). We have record of but two specimens of the Pigeon Hawk having been taken in Costa Rica, one by Carmiol and one by Carranza. I have never seen the bird in that country and I suppose that like other migrant hawks it is only an occasional straggler into the higher parts of the plateau region. 165. Falco aurantius Gmelin. Falco aurantius GMELIN, Syst. Nat., 1788, 283 (ex Latham). — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, 402 (Bahia and Demerara). Falco detroleucus SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr-Am., Aves, III, 1901, 117 (Costa Rica [J. Carmiol]). Hypotriorchus deiroleucus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N, Y., IX, 1868, 135 (La Palma [Zeled6n]).— FRANTZIUuS, Jour. fiir Orn,, 1869, 369 (La Palma). This rare bird has not been taken in Costa Rica in recent years, and its presence on this list lies wholly on the two records cited above. Zeledon secured it at La Palma sometime prior to 1868, as recorded by Lawrence, while Frantzius’ record is undoubtedly based on the same specimen. Salvin and Godman evidently secured it from Carmiol, but no locality is given. At best it can be classed as only a very rare straggler. 166. Cerchneis sparveria phalcena (Lesson). Tinnunculus phalena L¥sson, Comp!. Oeuv. Buffon, XX, 1847, 178 (Mexico). Falco sparverius ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 125 (San José, Ala- juéla, Cartago).— CHERRIE, Auk, IX, 1892, 328 (San José, not resident in any part, Oct. 1 to Feb. 28).— UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 446 ( Miravalles). Tinnunculus sparverius LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 134 (San José [Carmiol]).— FRANTzIUs, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 369 (C. R.).— NUTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 403 (La Palma de Nicoya, not common) .— RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 498 (Irazi [Nutting]}; p. 502 (San José, abundant [Nutting]).—SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, Igo1, 121 (Ordsi [Kramer], Irazi [Rogers], Reventazon, Jiménez, Talamanca, Juan Vifias [Underwood]). Cerchnets sparveria SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, 435 (no C. R. spec.) —Boucarb, P. Z. S., 1878, 45 (common at all altitudes).—BANGs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 209 ( Boruca [Underwood]). Falco sparverius phalena NELSON, Auk, XIX, 1902, 398 (crit.). CARRIKER: LisT OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. aU: U.S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo, March (Ridgway and Zeledon). Bangs Collection: San José, San Pedro, Tenorio, Bolson ( Under- wood). Carnegie Museum: Guapiles, March 24; Guacimo, Oct. 26; EJ Hogar, Dec. 6 (Carriker). Six skins. The exact status of the Sparrow Hawk of Costa Rica has been rather puzzling, but owing to the large series of specimens I have been able to examine not only of birds from Costa Rica and Chiriqui, but from Mexico and the southwestern United States, the true state of affairs becomes evident. It is a well known fact that the Sparrow Hawk is only a migrant in Costa Rica, reaching its greatest abundance there during the months of November, December, and January ; and hence, having only winter birds for study, they present more than the usual difficulties experienced in determining birds in winter plumage, as anyone who has worked with them knows. ‘There can be no doubt, however, that they are identical with the birds which breed in Mexico and the southwestern portion of the United States, and which were described by Lesson under the name of Z7nnunculus phalena. Whether this form is a good subspecies of the bird breeding in the eastern United States is another question, and one not easily decided. ‘There are occasional birds from Costa Rica or Mexico as dark on the upper parts, especially on the crown, as any breeding bird from Massachu- setts, and there may also though rarely be found an eastern bird almost as pale as those from the west. However, ina case such as that under discussion, where the species has such a tremendous variation both in size and coloration, even from the same locality, such extreme birds mre father to be expected and can be accounted for under the hypothesis of individual variation carried to an extreme. The validity of this race does not depend upon such a point, but on the question as to whether a series of breeding birds from the two regions will bear out the differences in a constant manner, which they cer- tainly do in this case. I would say that while the western bird is not a very marked race, it is in my opinion a valid one, and the birds from Costa Rica are very probably a portion of those which breed in Mexico, drifting southward during the winter to better feeding- grounds. 472 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Subfamily PANDIONINE, 167. Pandion haliaétus carolinensis (Gmelin). Falco carolinensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., 1, i, 1788, 263. Pandion haliaetus SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, 449. —SALVIN and GopMaAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1901, 39 (no C. R. record). Pandion haliaetus carolinensis RIDGWAY, Proc, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1870, 143 (crit.).— BANGs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 290 (Barranca de Puntarenas [Under- wood], Aug. 12, 1906). The specimen recorded by Mr. Bangs seems to be the first published record for Costa Rica and the only one. I took the bird at Guacimo in December, 1903, but the specimen was not preserved. I presume it is a rare resident of the lowlands along both oceans. Families ALUCONID anv STRIGID. KEY TO THE CosTA RICAN SPECIES. a. Size small (wing not more than 150 mm.), usually less. 4. Without ear-tufts. _¢. Toes feathered; breast and abdomen plain buff-ochraceous. Glaux ridgwayjt. ce. Toes with only a few bristles ; lower parts streaked or brokenly barred. d. Pileum and nape nearly concolorous with back, with paler streaks. Glaucidium phalenoides ridgwayt. dad. Pileum and nape grayer than back, thickly covered with small ~ whitish spots. e. Pileum decidedly gray; side and flanks streaked but not barred ; tail with three small white spots on each feather. Glaucidium griseiceps. ee. Pileum brown, sides of breast, sides, and flanks, brokenly barred ; tail with four white bars (broken medially) and white tips. Glaucidium jardinit. 66. With distinct ear-tufts. c. Tarsi nearly bare of feathers. Olus nudipes, cc. Yarsi feathered to base of toes. d. ‘Yoes with bristly feathers scattered over upper surface. Otus coopert. dd. Toes bare. ¢. Under surface of body finely and confusedly vermiculated, without distinct dark shaft-streaks. Otus vermiculatus. © ee. Under surface light-colored, with sharp sooty-brown shaft- streaks, crossed with several wavy dark lines. Otus choliba choliba. aa, Size larger (wing not less than 230 mm.), 4. Without distinct ear-tufts. CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF COSTA RICA. 473 c. Lower parts barred with black and white, or else whole chest blackish- brown, with abdomen buff-ochraceous. d. Barred with black and white below and on hind neck. Strix nigrolineata, dd. Chest and upper parts blackish-brown ; throat whitish. Pulsatrix perspicillata. cc. Lower parts brownish-ochraceous, streaked with dusky, or else pure white. d. Above sooty-brown, with wavy lines of buffy ; scapulars edged with white. Strix virgata. dd. Below pure white ; above ochraceous, vermiculated with gray and dusky. : Aluco pratincola. 46. With distinct ear-tufts. c. Lower parts pale ochraceous or buff-white, streaked with white; face whitish ; facial disc black. Rhinoptynx clamator . cc. Lower parts not conspicuously streaked. d. Size large (wing, 389 mm.) distinctly barred on breast and flanks with dusky ; throat whitish ; no white spots on wings. Bubo virginianus mesembrinus. dd. Size smaller (wing, 300 mm,); lower parts grayish-ochraceous, finely vermiculated on chest and finely barred (brokenly) on abdomen with dusky ; a post-ocular chestnut patch ; wings with numerous large white spots. Lophostrix stricklandt. Family STRIGIDA. 168. Rhinoptynx clamator (Vieillot). Bubo clamator V1EILLOT, Ois. Am. Sept., I, 1807, 52, t. 20. Asto mexicanus SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., II, 1875, 231 (S. A.). Asto clamator SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1897, 5 (Panama). khinoptynx clamator BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XX, 1907, 31 (San José, C. R. [Underwood]). Carnegie Museum: E] P6zo de Térraba, June 18, 1907, % (Carriker). I have followed Mr. Bangs in placing this bird in a separate genus (Rhinoptynx Kaup), for after having seen the bird in life and care- fully examined it afterwards, I do not believe it to be either a Budo or A sto. The specimen taken by Underwood at San José is the first record of the species north of Panama and it is remarkable that another should have been found so soon afterwards in a different region. 169. Bubo virginianus mesembrinus (Oberholser). Asio magellanicus mesembrinus OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXVII, 1904, 179 (type — San José, C. R. [J. Carmiol]). 474 ANNALS OF THE CARNEIGE MUSEUM. Bubo virginianus LAWRENCE, Ann, Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 132 (San José [ Frantzius]). —FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 366 (San José). Evidently a rare bird in Costa Rica, and most likely found only in the higher portions of the country. | 170. Pulsatrix perspicillata (Latham). Strix perspicillata LATHAM, Ind. Orn., I, 1790, 58. Syrnium perspicillatum LAWRENCE, Ann, Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 132 (Las. Anonas [Zeledén]). -— FRAN?rz1us, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 366 (C. R.). — SHARPE; (Cat. (Birds, Brit;¢Mus.5 155875, 277% Ciccaba torguata FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 366 (Las Anonas). Pulsatrix torquata NUTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 403 (La Palma de Nicoya). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 125 (Angostura). Ciccaba perspiciilata SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1897, 28- ( Nicoya [Arcé], Bebedero [ Underwood]). Pulsatrix perspicillata BANGS, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 294 (El Pozo de Teérraba. [ Underwood ]). U. S. Nat. Museum: Pigres (Ridgway), San Joaquin de Dota (Basulto). Bangs Collection: Cerro de Santa Maria, Bolson (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection : Guanacaste. Carnegie Museum: Guacimo, Rio Sicsola, Bebedéro, El Pozo de Térraba (Carriker). Seven skins. This species is probably the commonest of the Costa Rican owls, at least it is oftener seen and collected than any other. It is confined to the lower portions of both the Caribbean and Pacific slopes, from sea- level up to not much over 2,000 feet, although a few probably straggle up higher. They keep to the thick forest as a rule, but seem to like the banana-plantations in the Caribbean lowlands, where I often saw them, always in pairs, perched on a banana leaf-stalk. 171. Otus choliba choliba (Vieillot). Strix cholsba ViEtiLor, Nouv, Dict. d’Hist.Nat.,. Vil, 1617, 39: Scops brasilianus’ LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., 1X, 1868, 132 (San José [ Frantzius]). — FRANTZzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 366 (C. R.).— BoucaRD, P. Z. S., 1878 45 (San José). —SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., II, 1875, 108. —- SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1897, 22 (San José [Zeledén] ). Megascops brasilianus ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 125 (La Palma de San José). — CHERRIE, Auk, IX, 1892, 327 (San José). Megascops choliba, BERLEPSCH, Bull. B. O. C., XII, 1901, 8. Otus vs. Meyvascops, Fourteenth Supp. A. O. U. Check-List, Auk, XXV, 1908, 372. CARRIKER.: LIst OF THE Brrps oF,CosTa RICA. 475 U. S. Nat. Museum: Retes (Cooper. ) Bangs Collection: San José (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Escazi, August 15, 1902, ¢ (Carriker). There is no doubt that the common screech owl of Costa Rica is this species. Costa Rican birds agree with those from Panama and farther south, hence are true O. cholitha, which was described from Argentina, and extends northward along the Andes to Colombia, Panama and Costa Rica. Mr. Berlepsch points out very convincingly that the name 5S. brasttiana Gmelin refers to Glaucidum ferox, and hence cannot be used for this species. 172. Otus vermiculatus (Ridgway ). Megascops vermiculatus R1DGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X, 1887, 267 (Costa Rica). Scops guatemale SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., II, 1875, 112, part (Veragua to Mexico). —SALVIN and GopMaw, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1897, 20, part (in synonymy) Bangs Collection: La Candelaria, Oct. 8, 1892 (Underwood). The status of this species and O. gwatema/@ is in a very confused state, and I make no attempt to try to settle it, which would be im- possible without more material than I have been able to examine. In Mr. Bangs’s collection are two skins of an Ofus, which are identical with Mr. Ridgway’s type of vermiculatus, one bird from La Candela- ria in the gray phase, and one in the red phase from Divala, Chiriqui. When carefully compared with Mr. Sharpe’s description of gwatemale, these birds show marked differences, apparently differing as much from that bird as that one does from O. choltba choliba; neither does the figure of S. gwatemale agree with the skins of supposed vermcu- fatus. The only way in which this question can be definitely settled is by comparison with northern material. It is quite possible that there is another species of Ofws which ranges in southern Mexico and Guatemala, and that this bird is the true O. guatemale. For the present it seems preferable to use the name given by Mr. Ridgway to the southern bird. 173. Otus cooperi (Ridgway). Scops coopert RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., I, 1878, 116 (Santa Ana, Costa Rica [Zeled6n] ; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). —SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr. - Am., Aves, III, 1904, 19 (Mexico to Costa Rica). Megascops coopert HASBROUCK, Auk, 1893, 263 (crit.). Otus vs. Megascops Fourteenth Suppl. A. O. U. Check List, Auk, XXV, 1908, 372 (crit. ): 476 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. This species resembles O. vermiculatus more than O. choliba choliba, but may be easily distinguished from either by the presence of bristly feathers scattered over the upper surface of the toes. It is apparently a very rare bird, only the type specimen taken by Zeledon existing at Washington. Mr. Bangs has never secured it, nor did I collect it in Costa Rica. Messrs. Salvin and Godman (Biologia) say they have seen six specimens, including Mr. Ridgway’s type of the species, ranging from Costa Rica to Mexico, and that all are very similar in coloration. 174. Otus nudipes (Vieillot). Bubo nudipes VIEILLOT, Ois. Am., Sept., I, 1807, 53,.t. 22. Scops nudipes SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., II, 1875, 121 (Costa Rica [Arcé]). — Ripeway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, I, 1878, 89 (Costa Rica). —SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1897, 25 (Irazu [Rogers and Underwood], Santa Ana [Underwood]). Megascops nudipes LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 132 (C. R. [Arcé, Coll, O. Salvin] ).— ScLATER and SALVIN, Exotic Orn., 1868, p. 102 (C. R. [Arcé]).—SALvIN, P. Z. S., 1870, 216 (C. R. [Arcé]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 125 (El Zarcéro de Alajuéla). —CHERRIE, Auk, IX, 1892, 327 (San José, rare). — HAsBRoucK, Auk, X, 1893, 262 (La Carpintera and Cervantes, U. S. Nat. Mus.). Psiloscops COURS, MSS., 1898 ; SHARPE, Hand List, I, 1899, 289. Otus vs. Megascops, Fourteenth Suppl. A. O. U. Check-List, Auk, XXV, 1908, 372. U.S. Nat. Museum: Volcan Turrialba (Ridgway and Zeledon), La Carpintera (Cherrie). Bangs Collection: Estrella del Mojon and Estrella de Cartago ( Under- wood). Fleming Collection: Escazi (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Carrillo, September 2, 1905, 2 (Carriker). 175. Lophostrix stricklandi Sclater and Salvin. Lophostrix siricklandt SCLATER and SALVIN, Ibis, 1859, 221.— LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., 1X, 1868, 132 (San José [Frantzius]).— FRANTZzIUs, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 367 (C. R. [Hoffman]).— Boucarp, P. Z. S., 1878, 45 (San Carlos}.— ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 125 (San José, Santa Ana).— CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 50 (Lagarto); Auk, IX, 1892, 327 (San José, rather rare). —SALVIN and GopDMAN, Biol. Centr. - Am. Aves, IIT, 1897, 14 (references: cited ). Scops stricklandi SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., II, 1875, 124. Bangs Collection: San José, Santo Domingo, Pozo Azul de Pirris and Escazi (Underwood). CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTa RICA. 477 Carnegie Museum: Rio Sicsola, El] Hogar (Carriker). Two skins. The range of this species seems to cover nearly the whole of the country, up to an altitude of about 4,000 feet, specimens having been taken at three widely separated points in the Caribbean lowlands (Rio Sicsola, El Hogar, and San Carlos), several in the vicinity of San José and from three points on the Pacific (Santo Domingo, P6zo Azul, and Lagarto de Térraba). The specimens which I secured were taken in the thick jungle, both being hidden away in small vine-covered trees. 176. Strix virgata (Cassin). Syrnium virgatum CASSIN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1848, 124.— LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., 1X., 1868, 132 (Dota [Zeled6n]).— FRANTZzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 366 (Dota Mts. ).— SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., II, 1875, 273 Costa Rica).— ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 125 (Alajuéla, Liberia, San José, Cartago).— CHERRIE, Auk, IX, 1892, 327 (San José, tol- erably common resident). Ciccaba virgata SALVIN, P. Z. S.,1870, 216.— SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.- Am., Aves, III, 1897, 29 (Irazi [Rogers], Escazi and Santa Rosa [Un- derwood]). \ Strix = Syrnium, Fourteenth Suppl. A. O. U. Checx-List, Auk, 1908, X XV, 371. U.S. Nat. Museum: Retes, near Cartago (Cooper), Guayabo (Ridg- way and Zeledon). Bangs Collection: Volcan de Irazti (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Escazt, El Pézo de Térraba, and Boruca (Car- riker). Three skins. All the records for this species are either from the central highlands or the Pacific slope and lowlands, from which we would infer that it does not occur in the Caribbean lowlands. It is quite common over the above mentioned districts, at least numerous specimens have been taken. The specimens which I took were in the heavy forest, in bunches of vines at no great height from the ground. 177. Strix nigrolineata (Sclater). Syrnium nigrolineatum SCLATER, Trans. Zool. Soc., IV, 268, pl. 63. — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., II, 1875, 276 ( Veragua). Ciccaba nigrolineatum SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1859, 131.— LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 132 (San José [Frantzius]).— FRANTZIUs, Jour. fiir Orn., F809, 306 (C. R.).— ZerepoNn, An. Mus. Nac. de C’R., 1, 1887, 125 (C. R.).—SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1897, 27 (refer- ences cited). Strix = Syrnium, Fourteenth Suppl. A. O. U. Check-List, Auk, XXV, 1908, 371. 478 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Carnegie Museum: El] Hogar, Mar. 21, 1907, co (Carriker). One skin. Evidently a very rare bird in Costa Rica, there seeming to be but one published record of its occurrence there (San José [| Frantzius]). The single male which I secured at El] Hogar was found in the thick forest, hidden away in a clump of vines ina lowtree. Mr. Bangs has two skins from Panama. 178. Glaucidium griseiceps Sharpe. Glaucidium griseiceps SHARPE, Ibis, 1875, pp. 41, 259, Pl. 1], f. 2. —SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., II, 1875, 196 (Guatemala to Panama).— SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., III, 1897, 36 (Guatemala and Panama).—BANGs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXII, 1909, 32 (La Vijagua, Feb. 25, 1908 [Under- wood]). The first and only specimen of this species ever taken in Costa Rica is that recorded by Mr. Bangs. ‘The bird is quite typical. 179. Glaucidium phalenoides ridgwayi (Sharpe). Strix phalenoides DAUDIN, Traité d’Orn., II, 1800, 206, Glaucidium pha/lenoides CABANIS, Jour. fiir. Orn., 1862, 336. — RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 501 (San José [Nutting]).— ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 125 (Alajuéla and Cartago). — CHERRIE, Auk, IX, 1892, 327 (San José, tolerably common resident — note on habits), —SALVIN. and GODMAN, Bioi. Centr,-Am., Aves, III, 1897, 33 (references cited). Glaucidium gnoma CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1862, 336 (El Salitral [Hoffmann]) -— FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn. 1869, 336 (San José). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 132 (quotation of Cabanis’ record, 1862). Glaucidium ridgwayt SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., II, 1875, 205 (Costa Rica). U.S. Nat. Museum: San José (Carranza) (Zeledon) (Ridgway). Bangs Collection: Carrillo, San José, Bolson (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Bebedéro (Carriker). One skin. This species ranges over both the Caribbean and Pacific slopes and the lower portions of the plateau region, but is more common in the vicinity of San José and the upper part of the Pacific slope. I have but one record from the lowlands of the eastern side (Carrillo). 180. Glaucidium jardinii (Bonaparte). Phalenopsts jardinit BONAPARTE, Comt. Rend., XLI, 654. Glaucidium jardinit CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 208. — RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VI, 1883, 415 (Costa Rica [Van Patten]). — SHARPE, Cat. Birds. Brit. Mus., II, 1875, 207. — ZELEDON, An. Mus.- Nac. de GaRig a smeege 125 (Cartago). —SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1897, 36 (Rancho Redondo and Iraza [Underwood]). ) ; % CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BYRDS oF CosTa RICA. 479 Bangs Collection: Volcan de Irazi (?) (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Volcan de Turrialba (W. Schaus). Univ. of Nebraska: Volcan de Irazt (1.. Bruner). A very distinct form and easily recognized by its dark color and mottled back. It is found only in the high mountains, from 5,000 feet upwards. It is a very rare bird in Costa Rica and not often col- lected, living, as it does, in the dense forests of the mountains, where its small size and sedentary habits render it easily overlooked. 181. Glaux ridgwayi (Alfaro). Cryptoglaux ridgwayt ALFARO, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVIII, 217 (La Can- delaria Mts., near Escazu, ¢ jwv. [Alfaro]). It is a most unusual thing to find a race of the Acadian Owl so far south as Costa Rica. The type is an immature bird, but the phase of plumage which it represents is very different from the corresponding phase in G. acadicus, so that there can be no doubt of the validity or the species. Family ALUCONIDA. 182. Aluco pratincola guatemale (Ridgway). Stix flammea var. guatemale RIDGWAY, Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, N. Amer, Birds, III, 11 (Panama to Guatemala). Strix perlata LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 132 (San José [Frantzius]). FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 367 (C. R.). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, III, 1897, 2 (references cited). Strix flammea SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 1], 1875, 291, part. Strix flammea guatemala ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 125 (San José). — CHERRIE, Auk, IX, 1892, 327 (San José, tolerably common). Aluco pratincola guatemale, Fourteenth Supp. A. O. U. Check-List, 370, Auk, XXV, 1908 (critical, on family and generic name), Bangs Collection: San José (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Ochomogo. Evidently found only over the central plateau, where it appears to be fairly common in some places. Family PSITTACIDA. KEY TO THE CosTA RICAN SPECIES. I. Size very large, tail long and pointed (wing not less than 350; tail, 450). a. Colors chiefly red; greater coverts and inner tertials mainly yellow; rump, upper and lower tail-coverts light blue. Ara macao, 8, Q. aa, Colors chiefly yellowish olive-green ; primaries blue above, greenish-yellow beneath. Araambigua, 8, OQ. 480 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Zf. Size medium or small (wing not more than 250). a. Tail square or very slightly rounded, not pointed, the difference between shortest and longest rectrix never greater than longest claw (usually less. 6. Color above and below chiefly light apple-green, never any blue on under parts or on shoulder. c. Size large (wing not less than 185) ; no blue on crown or else fore- head bright crimson. | d. Feathers of crown and nape broadly tipped with light blue or bluish-lilac, nape feathers edged with blackish ; forehead crimson. e. A yellow spot below eye, less lilac on nape, little or no red on base of inner web of outer rectrix. Amazona autumnalis autumnalis, , QO. ee. No yellow on side of head, more lilac on nape, and red spot on tail prominent (concealed by coverts). Amazona autumnalis salvini, 8, Q.- dd. No blue on crown, forehead concolorous with crown, or very slightly bluish. é. Broad band of yellow across nape; no bluish tinge on forehead. Amazona auropalliata, 8, Q. ee. No yellow on nape; feathers tipped with bluish-lilac and edged with dusky ; forehead slightly bluish, Amazona virenticeps, 8, Q. cc. Size smaller (wing not more than 165) ; crown deep indigo-blue, forehead white, lores and narrow ring around eye crimson ; feathers of nape and interscapular region edged with black. d. All of the outer wing-coverts bright crimson. Amazona albifrons, &. dd. No crimson on wing. Amazona albifrons, 2. 66. Some part of the body conspicuously blue, or else shoulder blue; sides scarlet and other primaries edged with yellow toward tips. c. Forehead and crown pure white; nape, sides of head, and lower parts blue or greenish-blue; center of throat white; wing- coverts spotted with bronzy brown. Pionus senilis, B, Q. cc. No white on crown. ad. Whole head, throat, and chest bright blue; under tail-coverts red ; jugulum slightly reddish. 2usus menstruus, @, Q. dd. Crown brownish-gray, nape and chest golden-olive, throat dusky ; shoulders deep blue; sides bright crimson, no red on under tail-coverts. Pionopsittacuz hematotis, 8, Q. aa. Tail markedly pointed, central rectrices exceeding outer by at least length of culmen (usually much more). 6, Forehead bright crimson, or else dull salmon-red. c. Size large (wing, 160); inner wing-coverts scarlet; no blue on wing. Conurus finscht, 8, Q. cc. Size small (wing, 130); fore-crown bluish-green; inner wing- a CARRIRER: LIST OF THE BIRDS Or COSTA RICA. 481 coverts yellowish-green ; a large portion of quills deep blue ; forehead salmon red, Conurus canicularis, @, Q. 66. No red on forehead. c. Ear-coverts deep scarlet; no blue on inner webs of primaries towards tips. Pyrhurra hoffmanni hoffmanni, 8, 2. cc. Ear-coverts same color as rest of head. d. Lower parts decidedly golden-brownish ; primaries with blue on both webs towards tips. Conurus aztec, &, Q. dd. Lower parts plain apple-green or yellowish-green (never brownish), with or without dusky bars on sides and flanks. e. Nape, back, rump, upper tail-coverts, sides, and flanks barred with blackish; shoulders glossy black. Bolborhynchus lineatus, , 2. ee. No dusky barring ; chinsalmon-red; wing-coverts golden- brown ; shoulders green. Avotogerys jugularis, 8, 9. Family PSITTACID/. 183. Ara macao (Linnzus). (Native name ‘‘ Lapa.’’) Psittacus macao LINNUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 139. Ara macao BOUCARD, P, Z. S., 1878, 46 (San Carlos). — NUTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 402 (La Palma de Nicoya). —ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de@> Kz, 1, 1887, 124 (Tres Rios; Jiménez, Rio Stcio, Las Trojas). —- CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 49 (Boruca, common). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 445 (Miravalles).— SALVADOR1, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XX, 1891 (Peje [Carmiol]). — SALVIN and GoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 565 (references cited). Sittace macao \.AWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 131 (Las Anonas [Zeledon]). — FRANTZIUS, Jour, fiir Orn., 1869, 364 (C. R.). U. S. Nat. Museum: Pigres (Ridgway). Bangs Collection : Bebedéro, Bolson (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection : Cariblanco. Carnegie Museum: Guapiles, Bebedéro (Carriker). ‘Two skins. Abundant throughout the lowlands of the Caribbean and Pacific, up to about 2,500 feet. Like all of the parrots they are very noisy, except when feeding ; at such times they remain very quiet, especially when any one is near. ‘They are usually to be seen in pairs or from four to six together, and as a rule perch in the tops of the tallest trees, completely out of gunshot. It is only possible to secure them when they are feeding in a low tree. 482 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 184. Ara ambigua (Bechstein). (Native name ‘‘ Lapa Azul.’’) Psittacus ambiguus BECHSTEIN, Kurze Ueb., IV, 65. Ara ambigua SALVADORI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XX, 18q1, 160. Ara militaris BoUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 46 (San Carlos, El Zarcéro), —ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 124 (C. R.) — SALVIN and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1897, 568 (Talamanca [Gabb], in Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). Sittace militaris LAWRENCE, Ann. Lvc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 131 (J. Carmiol). — FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 364 (C. R.). U. 5S. Nat. Museum: Bonilla (Ridgway), Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeledon ). C. H. Lankester Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui. Bangs Collection: Carrillo (Underwood. ) Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford). One skin. This beautiful macaw is found only on the eastern side of Costa Rica, ranging over the whole of the Caribbean lowlands up to 2,000 feet, but is not abundant anywhere, that is, never as abundant as the preceding species. Their habits are the same. A female killed at Guapiles February 28, 1902, contained an egg in the oviduct, ready to be laid. It was about the size of a small hen’s egg, but more elliptical and creamy-white in color. 185. Conurus finschi Salvin. Conurus finschi SALVIN, Ibis, 1871, 9f, pl. 4 ( Panama [Arcé]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 124 {Naranjo de Cartago and San José). — Ripcway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882 (C. R. [Van Patten]). — SAL- VADoRI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XX, 1891, 184 (Chiriqui). — CHERRIE, Auk, IX, 1892, 327 (San José, a rare straggler). U. S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeledon), Bonilla (Basulto) (Ridgway ). Bangs Collection: San Pedro de San José, Monte Redondo (Under- wood). Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker and Crawford), Miravalles (Carriker)., “Sixcskins: With the exception of C. aztec, the commonest parrot through- out the Caribbean lowlands, ranging up to as high as 3000 feet, but commonest at low altitudes. It is also occasionally found on the Pacific slope in northwestern Costa Rica (Miravalles) having passed westward along the southern shore of Lake Nicaragua, thence south- ward through Guanacaste. Mr. Cherrie also reports it to be a rare CARRIKER : LIstT OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA Rica. 483 straggler about San José, while Zeledon and Underwood have both taken it there. . They are particularly abundant in the northeastern part of the Carib- bean lowlands, in what is known as the Santa Clara Valley, where they are often seen flying about in large flocks, especially late in the after- noon and evening. 186, Conurus aztec (Souancé). Conurus aztec SOUANCE, Rev. et Mag. Zool., 1857, 97 (Mexico). — BoUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 46 (San Carlos). Conurus aztec, SALVADORI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XX, 1891, 192 (Costa Rica [Carmiol]). —SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1897, 575 (references cited). U.S. Nat. Museum: La Concepcion de Jiménez (Cherrie), Jiménez ea Alfaro ). C. H. Lankester Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui. Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker and Crawford), El Hogar (Carriker). Seven skins. ; The continental range of this species is quite large, extending from Mexico down to northeastern Costa Rica, yet there is no appreciable difference to be seen between Mexican and Costa Rican birds. I did not meet with the species in southeastern Costa Rica, and consequently believe it to be confined to the portion of the Caribbean lowlands north of Port Limon. It is very abundant in the vicinity of Guacimo and Guapiles, in fact the most abundant parrot on the Caribbean slope, associating with the preceding species. They are very destruc- tive to cornfields, attacking the grain just as the kernels begin to harden and what they do not devour is spoilt by water entering the husk. 187. Conurus canicularis (Linnzus). Psittacus canicularis LINNAUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 142. Conurus canicularis Papag., 1, 503. -SALVADORI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XX, 1891, 201 (Costa Rica [Carmiol], San Juan [Frantzius]).— SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1897, 577 (references cited). Conurus petzt LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., 1X, 1868, 131 (San José [J. Carmiol], Sarchi [F. Carmiol], Juan [Zeledon]).— FRANTzI1Us, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 365 (San Juan).-— ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 124 (San José, Liberia and Alajuéla).— CHERRIE, Auk, 1X, 1892, 327 (San José, irregular visitant).— UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 445 (Miravalles, not very common), U.S. Nat. Museum: La Sabana (Zeledon), Alajuéla (Alfaro). Bangs Collection: Bolson and Escazt’ (Underwood). 484 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. C. H. Lankester Collection: Guanacaste. Carnegie Museum: Miravalles (Carriker). Two skins. This parroquet is confined to the lower parts of the plateau region (Pacific slope) and the higher parts of Guanacaste. It does not descend to the lowlands of the coast region, as far as I have been able to discover, but keeps above an altitude of about 1,000 feet at least. Its habits are quite similar to the other species of the genus. 188. Pyrrhua hoffmanni hoffmanni (Cabanis). Conurus Hoffmannit CARANIS, Sitzb. d. Ges. naturf. Freunde zu Berlin, 13 of Nov., 1861. (Aguacaliente [| Hoffmann]).— LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., 1X, 1868, 131 (Angostura [J]. Carmiol], Frailes [F. Carmiol]).—ScLATER and SALVINs Exotic Orn., 1868, 161, pl. 81.— FRANTzIUS, Jour, fiir Orn., 1869, 365 (Can- delaria Mts.). — BoucARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 46 (La Candelaria and Aguaca- liente),— ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 124 (Costa Rica),.— SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1897, 578 (Navarro [Cooper]). Pyrrhua hoffmanni CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1862, 335.— SALVADORI, Cat. Bird, Brit. Mus., XX, 1891, 230 (Angostura and Dota [Jj. Carmiol]). U. S. Nat. Museum: El Copey, La Lagunaria, and Santa Maria de Dota (Basulto), La Cedral de Asseri (Underwood). Bangs Collection: La Estrella and Azahar de Cartago (Underwood ). C.H.Lankeéster Collection: Tuis. Fleming Collection: San Marcos and La Estrella (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Ujurras de Térraba (Carriker); La Estrella and Azahar de Cartago, Escazi (Underwood). Eight skins. I rather expected to find P. hoffmanni gaudens Bangs in southern Costa Rica, but found only a very slight trace of scarlet tips to the feathers of the occiput, gawdens having all the feathers of the occipital region strongly tipped with scarlet. One specimen from central Costa Rica has the whole head with the feathers broadly tipped with golden- yellow, the back more yellowish-green and the chest quite brownish. This species is only found among the higher mountains of the in- terior, scarcely ever descending below 5,000 feet. They keep in the heavy forest, always found at those heights, and are rather difficult to find, except when feeding. I saw a flock of about a dozen birds at Ujurras on one occasion and managed to secure three specimens. 189. Bolborhynchus lineolus (Cassin ). Psittacula lineola Cassin, Proc, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, 372 (Mexico). Myiopsitta lineola ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac de C. R., I, 1887, 124 (Naranjo de | | CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. 485 Cartago). — RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XI, 1888, 544 (Naranjo de Cartago [Cooper]). Conurus lineolatus SALVIN, Ibis, 1869, 319 (Angostura [J. Carmiol]), Bolborhynchus lineolatus FINSCH, Papag. II, 130, — SALVADoRI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XX, 1891 (Angostura [J. Carmiol]).—SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1897, 579 (Mexico to Chiriqui). Bangs Collection: Escazi (Underwood ). ©. H. lLankester Collection: Vol. de Irazu. Carnegie Museum: Escazt and Los Cuadros de Irazti (Underwood). Three skins. This beautiful little parroquet is by no means common in Costa Rica, while the smallness of its size causes it to be easily overlooked. With the exception of one record (Angostura), all the birds taken have been secured at high altitudes, that is above 5,000 feet. They go about in small flocks in the forest, which at these altitudes is very heavy, thus easily escaping observation as they sit in the tree-tops. 190. Brotogerys jugularis (P. L. S. Miiller). Psittacus jugularis MOLLER, Syst. Nat. Suppl., 1766, 80. Brotogerys jugularis SALVADCKI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XX, 1891, 259 (Bebedéro [Arcé]). —SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1897, 582 (Guatemala to Colombia). Brotogerys tovt LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 131 (Gulf of Nicoya [Coll. O. Salvin]). — Franrzius, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 364 (Nicoya). — SAL- VIN, Ibis, 1871, 93 (Bebedéro [Arcé]) — Boucarp, P, Z. S., 1878, 46 (San Carlos). — NuTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 402 (La Palma de Ni- coya, very abundant). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. deC. R., I, 1887, 124 (Punt- arenas and San Mateo). —CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 50 (Palmar, common). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 445 (Miravalles and Bebe- déro). — Bancs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 292 (Barranca de Puntarenas, El Pozo and Paso Real de Térraba (Underwood), U. S. Nat. Museum: Pigres and Santo Domingo de San Mateo (Ridgway). Bangs Collection: Tenorio, Bolson, Cerro de Santa Maria, and P6zo Azul de Pirris (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Pozo Azul, Miravalles, Bebedéro, Esparta, and Las Ajuntas de Térraba (Carriker). Nineteen skins. This species is confined entirely to the lower portion of the Pacific slope, from Chiriqui to Nicaragua, but does not usually go higher than about 1,000 feet, although a few are to be found up to 2,000 feet in some localities. They are nearly always seen in flocks of from half a 486 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. dozen to fifty or more, and keep in the open woodland and scattering trees more than in the heavy forests. As a rule they are very tame and can be easily approached as they sit together in pairs in a very affectionate manner. 1g1. Amazona virenticeps Salvadori. Chrysotis pulverulenta LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 131 (Cervantes [J. Carmiol]). Chrysotis guatemale FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 365 (Cervantes). — LAw- RENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., 1X, 1868, 145 (Cervantes [ J. Carmiol]). Amazona guatemale ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 124 (San Mateo) Chrysotts farinosa BOUCARD, P. Z. S., “1878, 46 (San Carlos). Chrysotis virenticeps SALVADORI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XX, 1891, 280 (An- gostura [ J. Carmiol]). —SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1897, 585 (Costa Rica and Chiriqui). Amazona virenticeps SHARPE, Hand-List, II, 1900, 20. U.S. Nat. Museum: Bonilla (Basulto). Bangs Collection: Reventazon (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection : Guacimo. Carnegie Museum: Cuabre de Talamanca (Carriker). One skin. This species is merely the southern representative of 4. euatemale from which it differs very little. Perhaps it should be considered only subspecifically distinct from that species, but from lack of material for comparison I have decided to follow other writers and retain it as a full species. Notwithstanding that there is one record of the taking of this bird on the Pacific slope, I believe it to be confined almost entirely to the lowlands of the Caribbean within the limits of Costa Rica. It is not a common bird in Costa Rica, and one seldom seen. They keep to the heavy forest, but are occasionally seen flying over the open country in pairs. 192. Amazona auropalliata (Lesson). Psittacus (Amazona) auropalliatus LESSON, Rev. Zool., 1842, 135. Chrysotis auropalliata LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 145 (San José [Frantzius]). — NUTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 402 (La Palma de Nicoya). —-SALVADoRI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XX, 1891, 291 (Western side —-Guatemala to Costa Rica). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 445 (Muira- valles and Bagaces). Amazona auropalliata ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. deC. R., I, 1887, 124 (Liberia). U.S. Nat. Museum: Pigres (Ridgway and Zeledon). CARRIKER? LisT or THE BIRDS or CosTA ‘RICA. 487 Bangs Collection : Tenorio and Bolson (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Bebedéro (Carriker). One skin. Confined entirely to the northwestern portion of Costa Rica, from the southern end of the Gulf of Nicoya north to Nicaragua, and most abundant in the lower Tempisque Valley. ‘They are very numerous about Bagaces and Bebedéro, are easily tamed, and are by far the most fluent talkers of the Central American parrots. Mr.C. F. Under- wood says of this parrot (Ibis, 1896, 446): ‘‘ In Bagaces these parrots are extremely abundant, and regularly make the town their head- quarters; in fact the traveller arriving there a little before sunset is often deafened by their noise, and on his first visit is amazed by the strange scene. From all sides arrive innumerable bands and solitary pairs of ‘Loros’ (the Spanish name), which remain for about: an hour squabbling and fighting, constantly changing their perches before going to roost in the low trees in the immediate vicinity of the houses. «Supas’ (Macaws) also make the town their roosting quarters. At daybreak there is a repetition of the noise; they then go off to their various feeding grounds.’’ 193. Amazona autumnalis autumnalis (Linnzus). Psittacus autumnalis LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 147. Chrysotis autumnalis SALVADORI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XX, 1891, 302 (Mexico to Honduras). —- SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1897, 501 (Mexico to Guatemala), Amazona autumnalis SHARPE, Hand List of Birds, II, 1990, 21. ‘Carnegie Museum: Guapiles, Feb. 28, 1903, adult % (Carriker & Crawford). The specimen cited above agrees quite well with birds from British Honduras, with the following exceptions: yellow spot on sides of head a little smaller ; more lilac on nape (about as much as in 4. a. salvint) and more red on tail. Notwithstanding these differences it is much nearer to true autumnalis than to sa/vinz and must be referred to it. I have seen other birds with a trace of yellow on the sides of the head, but this seems to be the only record of the taking of true autumnalis in Costa Rica. 194. Amazona autumnalis salvini (Salvadori). Chrysotis viridigenalis LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc, N. Y., IX, 1868, 131 (San José [F. Carmiol]). — Franrztus, Jour. fiir Orn. 1869, 365 (C. R.). Chrysotis wutumnalis FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 365 (San José). 488 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Amazona diadema ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 124 (Jiménez). Amazona diademata CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 49 (Boruca, abundant). Chrysotis salvini SALVADORI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XX, 1891, 300 (Péje [J. Carmiol])..— SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1897, 592 (Nicaragua to Colombia). U. S. Nat. Museum: Bonilla (Ridgway) (Basulto), Pigres (Ridg- way). Bangs Collection: Guayabal (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford), El Pdézo de Térraba (Carriker). ‘Three skins. In view of the fact that nearly all the Nicaraguan and Costa Rican specimens of Amazona autumnals salvini show signs of intergradation with the northern form, A. a. autumnats, and in many cases are purely intermediates, I have placed the southern race as a subspecies. of the northern, making it as above given. Chiriquian and Panaman birds are typical sa/vznz, as are also birds from the extreme south- western portion of Costa Rica (Térraba). The apparent distribution of this species in Costa Rica is rather remarkable, if it really is as it seems to be. The bird is fairly com- mon in the northern part of the Caribbean lowlands, but I never took it in Talamanca (the southeastern part), while on the Pacific coast it has never been recorded from the Nicoya peninsula or Guanacaste, but is fairly common in the Térraba Valley. The bird probably occurs to a small extent in the intermediate regions, having been overlooked by collectors, but certainly cannot be common. They keep almost entirely to the forests. . 195. Amazona albifrons albifrons (Sparrmann). Prittacus albifrons SPARRMANN, Mus. Carls., III, 1787, t. 52. Chrysotts albifrons LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 131 (Desmonte [Frantzius], Nicoya [Zeledén]).-— FRANTz1us, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 366 (Nicoya and San Mateo). —SALVADoRI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XX, 1891, 311 (Nicoya [Zeledén]). — UNDERWOD, Ibis, 1896, 445 (Miravalles). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am , Aves, II, 1897, 593 (Mexico to Costa Rica). Amazona albifrons ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 124 (Liberia). U. S. Nat. Museum: Miravalles (Underwood). Bangs Collection: Tenorio (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Bebedéro, Miravalles (Carriker). Five skins. This species, like 4. auropalliata, is confined to the northwest- ; ] CO — ee CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF Costa RICA. 4&9 ern portion of Costa Rica, around the eastern side of the Gulf of Nicoya, the Nicoya Peninsula, and Guanacaste, north to Nicaragua. It is very abundant at Miravalles, more so than at perhaps any other locality. They feed on the so-called ‘‘ guava’’ trees. I was unable to compare Costa Rican specimens of this species with skins of authentic a@/d:f/rons from the type locality in Mexico. Mr. W. DeWitt Miller described a supposedly small race of the species from southeastern Mexico, and suggested that Costa Rican birds were the same. ‘They may prove to be distinct from true a/ézfrons, but for the present I have left them without separation, which, if made, would have to be based entirely on size, a doubtful character in this family. 196. Pionus senilis (Spix). Psittacus sentlis Sp1x, Av. Bras., I, 1824, 42. Pionus senilis WAGLER, Monogr. Psitt., 1832, p. 604.—CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1862, 335 (C. R.).—LAwrence, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 131 (San José [Frantzius], Barranca [J. Carmiol]). — FRANTztus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 336 (Ordsi and Tucurriqui). — Boucarp, P. Z. S., 1878, 46 (San Carlos, common). — ZELEDON, An. Mus, Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 124 (Ala- juéla, Zarcéro de Alajuéla, Las Trojas, Barranca, Jiménez, Monte Redondo) ,— CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 49 (Lagarto, Boruca and Buenos Aires de Térraba). —SALVADORI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XX, 1891, 331 (Angostura [J. Carmiol], San José [M. L. Calleja]), —SALVIN and Gop- MAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1897, 595 (Mexico to Costa Rica). — BANGs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 292 ( Paso Real de Térraba [Underwood]). U. S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo, Bonilla (Ridgway and Zeledon), Bonilla ( Basulto ). Bangs Collection: Pozo Azul de Pirris and El General de Térraba (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Guacimo. Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker and Crawford), P6zo Azul de Pirris, Boruca (Carriker). The most widely distributed parrot of Costa Rica, being found over the whole extent of the Caribbean lowlands as well as the western portion of the central plateau and the Pacific slope. It does not seem to be present, at least in any great numbers, in Guanacaste, for we have no record of its having been taken there. It is abundant from Puntarenas southward, especially in the Térraba Valley. This species does not frequent the heavy forest as much as some of the others, preferring the edges of the ‘‘sabanas,’’ streams, scattering trees in pastures, etc. They are very shy and hard to approach within gunshot, unless there is good cover intervening. 490 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 197. Pionopsittacus hematotis (Sclater and Salvin). Pionus hematotis SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1860, 300 (Guatemala). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, IX, 131 (Pacuare [J. Carmiol]). — FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 366 (Angostura, Pacuare [J. Carmiol]). Catca hematotis ZELEDON, Ann. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 124 (Pacuare and Naranjo de Cartago). Pionopsittacus hematotis SALVADORI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus,, XX, 1891, 343 (Angostura [J. Carmiol]).-— SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1897, 597 (Mexico to Panama). Pionopsitta hematotis RICHMOND, Proc. U. 5, Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 520 (Rio Frio). U. S. Nat. Museum: Naranjo de Cartago (Cooper), Bonilla (Ridg- way and Zeledon). Bangs Collection: Pdézo Azul de Pirris, La Vijagua, La Estrella de Cartago, EK] General de ‘Térraba (Underwood). | CG. HesLankester-Colllection =) Cachi- Carnegie Museum: Peralta (Carriker). Costa Rican birds are indistinguishable from specimens from Mexico and Honduras with which they were compared. The present species also has a wide range outside of, as well as within, Costa Rica. Its area of greatest abundance is on the Carib- bean slope between the elevations of 1,000 and 3,000 feet, seeming to prefer the very humid conditions prevailing at that altitude. Speci- mens are also recorded from the interior at about 5,000 feet, but L believe it to be rare at such high altitudes. It also occurs on the Pacific slope, in the region south of the Gulf of Nicoya, specimens having been taken at Pozo Azul de Pirris and El] General, in the upper part of the Térraba Valley, but it is also an uncommon bird in this region. Its habits are very much the same as those of Proms, although it keeps to the forest more than that species. Family ALCEDINIDA. KEY TO THE COSTA RICAN SPECIES. a. Lower parts mainly chestnut-brown. 6. Very large (wing 174 mm.) ; throat white, upper parts bluish. Ceryle torquata. 66. Very small (wing 55 to 60 mm.) ; center of abdomen white; upper parts dark metallic-green. c. A band of dark green across chest. Ceryle enea enea Q. cc. No green on chest. Ceryle enea enea &. aa. Lower parts mainly white, with green or chestnut areas. CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BrirDS OF CosTA RICA. 491 6. Upper parts dark metallic-green. c. Size larger (wing 130; bill 65 mm.) ; sides streaked with green. d. Broad band of chestnut across breast. Ceryle amazona @. dd, Band of green across chest. Cervle amazona Q. ce. Size small (wing 85; bill 45 mm.) ; sides and flanks heavily blotched with sooty-green. ad. Chest chestnut. Ceryle americana seplentvionalis @. dd. Narrow band of green across chest. Ceryle americana septentrionalis 2. 66, Upper parts ashy-blue; pileum streaked with black ; lower parts white, sides washed with chestnut. c. Blue band across chest. Ceryle alcyon $. cc. Ashy-brown band across chest. Ceryle alcyon 9. 198. Ceryle torquata (Linnzus). Alcedo torquata LINNZUS, Syst. Nat. ed., 12, I, 1766, 180. Ceryle torguata BONAPARTE, P. Z, S., 1837, 108.— LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 117 (Costa Rica [Frantzius])—FRANTzIUs, Jour, fiir Orn., 1869, 311 (Orosi and Navarro).— NUTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 399 (La Palma de Nicoya).-_ ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 119 (Liberia, Jiménez),— CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 57 (Rio Grande de Térraba). - SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVII, 1892, 122 (Péje [J. Carmiol], Nicoya [Sir E. Belcher].—SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1895, 474 (Mexico to Chili).— BaNnGs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 294 (Paso Real and El Pozo de Térraba, Barranca de Puntarenas [Underwood]). Streptoceryle torguata CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1862, 161 (C, R. [Frantzius]). Bangs Collection: Pé6zo Azul and Bolson (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Gudacimo (Carriker). One skin. This beautiful kingfisher, easily distinguished by its large size, is found along most of the larger streams on both the Caribbean and Pacific lowlands, but does not ascend to any great altitude, never going higher than about 1,000 feet. Their habits of feeding and nesting are the same as the other members of the genus, or rather of the common kingfisher of the United States, except that they do not frequent small streams, and are also almost always to be seen around the brackish lagoons of the Pacific coast. 199. Ceryle alcyon (Linnzus). Alcedo alcyon LINN £US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, 115. Ceryle alcyon Moore, P. Z. S., 1859, 53-— LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 117 (Navarro and Cartago [Cooper]).— FRANTZzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 311 (Navarro and Orési).— SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVII, 1892, 125 (Costa Rica, May [Cooper]).— RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 492 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 1893, 511 (Rio Frio).— SALVIN and GopDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1895, 472 (Costa Rican references). Streptoceryle alcyon CABANIS, Jour. fiir, Orn., 1862, 162 (C. R. [Frantzius]). Bangs Collection: San José, Nov. 23-30, 1905 (Underwood). Rather rare as a winter resident. It seems to arrive about the end of October and is found only in the region of the highlands or central plateau, not descending into the hot lowlands. 200. Ceryle amazona (Latham). Alcedo amazona LATHAM, Ind. Orn., 1790, 257. Ceryle amazona Bolk, Isis, 1828, 316.— LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 118 (C. R. [Frantzius]).— FRANrzius, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 311 (Ordsi and Navarro). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 119 (Pacuare). —SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVII, 1892, 129 (Central America and greater part of S. A.). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.- Am., Aves, II, 1895, 475 (Aguacaliente [Frantzius]). ~— BANGs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 294 (El Pozo de Térraba [Underwood]). Chloroceryle amazonia CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1862, 161 (C. R. [Frantzius]). Bangs Collection: Bebedéro (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Pozo Azul de Pirris, El Pozo de Térraba (Car- riker) ; La Junta (Underwood). With the exception of C. @nea, this is the least common of the resident kingfishers of Costa Rica. It is, however, distributed over almost the entire country up to an altitude of about 3,000 feet, but in small numbers. Its habits are very similar to the species following, with which it associates. 200. Ceryle americana septentrionalis (Sharpe). Ceryle cabanist LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 118 (San José and San Carlos [J. Carmiol], Cartago [Cooper]). — FRANTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 311 (Highlands of San José, Cartago and San Carlos). --BoucarpD, P. Z. 5S., 1878, 48 (common everywhere). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 119 (Jiménez, San José, Naranjo de Cartago). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 57 (Laguna de Siérepe) ; Auk, 1X, 1892, 324 (San José, tolerably common resident on both coasts up to 8,000 feet). Ceryle americana cabanist NUTTING, Proc. U. S, Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 399 (La Palma de Nicéya). — RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 501 (San José [Nutting]). Chloroceryle cabanisi CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1862, 256 (C. R. [Hoffmann and Ellendorf]). Ceryle septentrionalis SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVII, 1892, 134 (Cartago [Cooper], Valsa [J. Carmiol]). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1895, 476 (C. R. references). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 443 (Miravalles, abundant). CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF Costa RICA. 493 Ceryle americana septentrionalis RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 511 (Nicaragua). U. S. Nat. Museum: San José (Ridgway and Zeled6n), Bonilla (Basulto). Bangs Collection: Jiménez, Cariblanco, San José, Tenorio, El General de Térraba (Underwood). Fleming Collection: Carrillo (Underwood). Carnegie Museum : Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford) ; Pozo Azul de Pirris, Cuabre, Guacimo, Miravalles, El] P6zo, Boruca (Carriker). Birds from Costa Rica and Panama seem to be intermediate between specimens from British Honduras and Santa Marta, Colombia, both in the size of the bill and in the extent of the chestnut on the throat of the male. ‘They have a little more chestnut than birds from British Honduras, but much less than those from Santa Marta, in which the _ chestnut runs well up over the throat. On the whole they are nearer to birds from British Honduras. This species is very common over the whole of Costa Rica, from the sea up to at least 7,000 feet, although they are not abundant above about 5,000 feet. ‘They prefer the smaller streams to the larger, although they frequent both. At Boruca I found a pair in a very small creek hidden away in the forest well up in the hills, a most unusual locality for this species. 202. Ceryle enea enea (Pallas). Alcedo @nza PALLAS (cf. reprint Vroeg’s Catalog, by Sherborn and Richmond). Ceryle superciliosa GRAY, Gen. Birds, I, 1874, 82. — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 118 (C. R. [Ellendorf]),—- FRANrzius, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, sfc. ix.) — NULTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1832, goo (La Palma, rare). — SALVIN and GOpMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1895, 478, part (Mexico to Panama). Chloroceryle superciliosa CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1862, 256 (C. R. [Ellendorf]). Ceryle stictoptera SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVII, 1892, 139, Pl. 1V, f. 2 (Central America). Ceryle superctliosa stictoplera RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 511 (Rio Frio). U. S. Nat. Museum: Puntarenas (Alfaro and Cherrie), Bebedéro (Alfaro). Bangs Collection: Santa Cruz and Bolson (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Guacimo, El Hogar, Bonilla (Carriker). Three skins. 494 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Costa Rican birds: are undoubtedly referable to the Colombian (Santa Marta) form, that is true @vzea and not to C. @. stictoptera (Ridgway). ‘The northern race, which has been named C. stectoptera, is not a very good form, in my opinion, although birds from British Honduras and Mexico have the white spots on the secondaries very pronounced and constant. On the other hand some of the Santa Marta birds have traces of this spotting, and all the birds from Panama and Costa Rica are more or less intermediate, but always running nearer to the South American birds. This dainty little kingfisher is not common in Costa Rica, while the nature of its habitat causes it to be easily overlooked. ‘They are found on both the Caribbean and Pacific lowlands, up to at least 2,000 feet, frequenting, as a rule, very small creeks running through the heavy forest, where they are seen flitting back and forth or perched on a twig just over the water. The only exception to this habitat was a specimen secured on the edge of a small lake in an open pasture at Bonilla, where it was perched on some reeds. Family MOMOTIDE. KEY TO THE COSTA RICAN SPECIES, a. Size very small (wing 75 or 80 mm.); tail without spatulate tips; crown and nape chestnut, back green; blue spot over eye. Hylomanes momotula. aa. Size medium or large ( wing not less than 100 mm. ); tail with spatulate tips. 6. No brown on upper parts; back and wings green; lower parts brownish- or tawny-green. c. Pileum black, surrounded by a blue band; lores, subocular and sub- orbital region black. Momotus lessoni. cc. Pileum green like back; forehead chestnut ; a blue supraocular patch. Prionornis carinatus. 66. Whole pileum chestnut-brown or else middle of back and abdomen rufous- brown. c. Whole pileum chestnut-brown ; lores and a stripe on side of head below eye black; black spot in centre of breast. d. Size large (wing 150, tail 290 mm.); outer web of outer primaries deep purple; lower parts mostly chestnut-brown. Urospatha marti, dd. Size smaller (wing I10, tail 175 mm.); outer webs of primaries © green ; chin bluish-green; cinnamon-rufous of lower parts ending on lower breast; rest below bluish-green. Prionornis minor. cc. No brown on pileum; a postocular spot and middle of back chestnut ; rest above (except wings and tail blue, feathers tipped with black), ; | i = Ss Ol eS ae ee ll OTe eee ee Oe ee CARRIKER. [LIST OF THE BIRDS OF Costa RIca, 495 throat and breast, tawny-olive, with a wedge-shaped black patch on throat, bordered with pale turquoise-blue ; superciliar stripe of pale bluish-white. | Eumomota superciliarts australis, 203. Urospatha martii (Spix). Prionites martit Sptx, Av. Bras., II, 1824, 64, pl. 60. Momotus martit LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 117 (Pacuare [J. Car- miol]). — FRANrzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 169, 311 (Pacuare and San Carlos). Urospatha martit SALVADORI, Atti. R. Accad., Sci. Torino, IV, 1872, 179. — Boucarp, P. Z. S., 1878, 49 (San Carlos). — ZELEDON, An. Mus, Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 119 (Naranjo de Cartago, Jiménez). — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVII, 1892, 314 (Angostura [J. Carmiol]). Baryphthengus martit SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.sAm., Aves, II, 1895, Woz (C. R. references). U. S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeledon). Bangs Collection: Carrillo, Jiménez, La Vijagua (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Guacimo. Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker and Crawford) ; Guacimo, Cuabre, Rio Sicsola, El Hogar (Carriker). Nine skins. This beautiful large motmot, the largest of the family in Costa Rica, is found only in the Caribbean lowlands, up to an altitude of not more than 2,000 feet, and more commonly below 1,000 feet. It is never seen outside of the heavy humid forests of this region, usually goes about in pairs, and is most frequently seen digging about the overturned roots of some large tree or along an exposed bank of a creek. Their nests are made by excavating a hole in a clay-bank, after the manner of the kingfishers, but I have never found a nest with eggs. ; 204. Prionornis minor Hartert. Prionirhynchus platyrhynchus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 117 (Atiro, Barranca, and Angostura [J. Carmiol], Dota and Grecia [E. Carmiol]). — FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 311 (C. R.).— ZxELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 119 (Jiménez, Angostura, Barranca). — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVII, 1892, 315 (Angostura [Carmiol]), — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 443 (Miravalles). Prionornis platyrhynchus SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, IT, 1895, 467 (references). Prionornis minor HARTERT, Nov. Zool., V, 1898, 498 (Panama to Costa Rica). U.S. Nat. Museum: Bonilla (Alfaro). Bangs Collection: La Vijagua, Reventazon, La Junta (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford) ; Guacimo, El Hogar (Carriker). Seven skins. 496 } ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. This species ranges over the whole of the Caribbean lowlands, up to about 2,000 feet and on the Pacific slope from the middle of the Gulf of Nicoya northward to Nicaragua. It is much more abundant on the Caribbean side, and seems to have crossed the low divide along the southern side of Lake Nicaragua, thence passing southwards. Its habits are the same as those of the preceding species. The birds are always seen in pairs. 205. Prionornis carinatus (Du Bus). Prionites carinatus Du Bus, Bull. Ac. Brux., XIV, pt. 2, 1847, 108. Prionirhynchus cavinatus BOUCARD, P. Z.S., 1878, 49 (San Carlos — first record so far south). — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVII, 1892, 316 (Honduras to Nicaragua). Prionornis carinatus SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1895, 468 (Brit. Hond. to Costa Rica). — BANGs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., X XII, 1909, 32 (La Vijagua, March 3, 1908, g¢ [Underwood] ). We have but two records for the occurrence of this form in Costa Rica, the specimen taken by Boucard in 1878 and another by Under- wood in 1908. It is evidently only a rare straggler in Costa Rica, that country being south of its range. Its habits are similar to those of the preceding species. 206. Eumomota superciliaris australis Bangs. Prionites superciliaris SANDBACH, Rep. Brit. Assoc., 1837, 99. Eumomota supercitiaris SCLATER, P, Z. S., 1857, 257. — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. N, Y., 1X, 1868, 117 (C. R. [Ellendorf ]). —FRANTzIUs, Jour. fir (Ormiy 1869, 311 (C. R.). — BoucarD, P. Z. S., 1878, 49 ( Barranca). — NUTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 399 (La Palma de Nicoya), — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 119. — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVIT, 1892, 317 (Bebedéro [Arcé]), —SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.- Am., Aves, II, 1895 (Mexico to Costa Rica). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 443 (Bagaces and Bebedéro), Spathophorus superciliavis CABANIS, Jour, fiir Orn., 1861, 255 (Costa Rica [Ellen- dorf ]). Eumomota superciliaris australis BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIX, 1906, 104 (Bebedéro [Underwood]) ; Auk, XXIV, 1907, 294 (Barranca de Puntarenas [Underwood] ). Bangs Collection : Bolson (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Bebedéro and Miravalles (Carriker). Seven skins. This handsome motmot is quite common in the vicinity of Bebedéro, conditions there seeming to be exactly suited to it. It has been taken CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. 497 also at Bagaces, Miravalles, and Barranca, but is rare at all localities except the first mentioned. ‘The Costa Rican range of this bird is probably the lower parts of the region from near the head of the Gulf of Nicoya to Nicaragua. It is not found on the eastern slope, this race being confined entirely to the Pacific. ‘True sapercilaris occurs farther north, on the eastern side. 207. Momotus lessoni lessoni [esson. Momotus lessont LESSON, Rev. Zool., 1842, 174. — LAWRENCE, Ann, Lyc.N. Y., IX, 1868, 117 (San José and San Carlos [J. Carmiol], Dota and Grecia [F. Car- miol]).—FRANYZIUuS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 311 (San José and whole highlands), — BoucarD, P. Z. S., 1878, 48 (San José). — NuTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 399 (La Palma de Nicoya). —- RIpGwAy, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V., 1882, 501 (San José [Nutting]).— ZeLepON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 119 (San José, Alajuéla, Santa Ana, Las Trojas, Cartago and Naranjo de Cartago). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 47 (Borucaand Buenos Aires, common) ; Auk, IX, 1892, 322 (San José, common resident), — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVII, 1892, 324 (Dota [Car- miol]). —SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol, Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1895, 456 (Mexico to Panama). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 443 (Miravalles, not so common as in the interior). — BANGs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 294 (Barranca, Boruca, and E] Pozo de Térraba [Underwood]). Prionites psalurus CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1861, 255 (C. R. [Frantzius and Hoffman]). U. S. Nat. Museum: Santo Domingo de San Mateo (Ridgway), San José (Zeledon), Santa Maria de Dota (Basulto). Ain. Mus. of Nat. History: San José and Herédia ( Underwood). Bangs Collection: Tenorio, Bolson, San José, Monte Redondo, Pd6zo Azul de Pirris (Underwood). Care tankester Collection; Cachi. Carnegie Museum: Pozo Azul de Pirris, Guaitil, La Hondura, Mira- valles, Esparta, Boruca, and Buenos Aires de ‘Terraba (Carriker). A series of skins from Costa Rica agrees very closely with another series from British Honduras, both exhibiting about an equal amount of variation in the lack or intensity of the cinnamomeous wash on the chest and abdomen, lighter or darker shade of green on the back, and amount of purple mixed with the blue of the nuchal band. ‘This is a very common bird throughout the whole of the plateau region and the Pacific slope, from Chiriqui to Nicaragua. Like the other mot- mots, it lives in the forest, although it frequents the open woodland more than any of the other species. Mr. Cherrie gives an excellent description of the habits of the bird and its nest (Auk, LX, 1892, 322). 498 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 208. Hylomanes momotula Lichtenstein. Hylomanes momotula LICHTENSTEIN, Abhand]. Akad. Wissensch. Berol., 1838, 449, pl. 4. SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVII, 1892, 332 (Mexico to Guatemala). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1895, 471 (Mexico to Guatemala). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 443 (Miravalles, three specimens, first record for Costa Rica). 3angs Collection: Tenorio, La Vijagua, Cerro de Santa) Maria (Underwood). This bird occurs in Costa Rica only in the extreme northwestern portion, from Miravalles northward along both sides of the continental range, at an altitude of 1,000—-2,000 feet. It is rare at Miravalles, neither Mr. Lankester nor myself being able to find it. Underwood reports it as commoner farther north, where a good series was obtained. Family CAPRIMULGID. KEY TO THE CosTA RICAN SPECIES. a, Size large (wing, 290 mm.); mostly grayish or grayish-brown; streaked and blotched with black. Nyctibius jamaicensts. aa. Size medium or small (wing not more than 215 mm.). 6. Rictal bristles long and strong, c. One or more of four lateral rectrices with a greater or less extent of immaculate white or buff-ochraceous on inner web, or on both webs. @. Immaculate area on rectrices pure white. e. Outer primaries with a prominent white spot. jy. Inner webs of four outer rectrices white apically, tipped with blackish-brown on all except the outer. g. Inner web of two outer rectrices crossed with a prominent sooty-black bar midway between base and tip. Stenopsis cayennensis, B. gg. No sooty-black bar on outer rectrices. Stenopsts albicauda, g. ff. No white on outer rectrix. g. Second and third rectrices entirely white on inner web, (except at base and partially so on outer web). Nyctidromus albicollis, g. gg. White confined to apical portion of inner web of second rectrix; white wing-spot surrounded by buff-ochraceous. Nyctidromus albicollis, 9. ee, Outer primaries without white or buffy spot ; no white jugular patch. oe ee ee CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF COSTA RICA. 499 J. White area of tail confined to apical portion of rectrices and shorter, covering not more than 16 mm. at tips. Antrostomus saturatus, %. ff. White jugular patch present; white tips to rectrices longer (40 to 50 mm.); little or no rufous spotting. Antrostomus vociferus, 8. dd. Immaculate area buff-ochraceous. e. Buffy area confined to apical portion of both webs of three outer rectrices. jf. Inner webs of primaries without markings; no jugular patch; profusely spotted above and below with rufous. Antrostomus saturatus, 2. ff. Inner webs of primaries barred with rufous ; a white jugu- lar patch; no rufous spotting except on wings. Antrostomus vociferus, 2. ee. Buffy area confined to subterminal portion of inner webs of three outer rectrices (only buffy on under side, white above) and extends basally to tips of under tail-coverts. Antrostomus carolinensis, &. cc. No immaculate area of white or buffy-white on any of the rectrices, usu- ally brokenly barred with dusky and grayish or buffy. d. Size large (wing, 210; tail, 145 mm.); primaries brokenly barred with rufous-buff; tail without lighter buffy edgings on inner webs. Antrostomus carolinensis, 2. dd. Size small (wing, 140; tail, 105 mm.); primaries with a large spot of buff-ochraceous and a smaller spot near base, no bars ; inner webs of recirices edged with yellowish buffy. Stenopsis albicauda, 9. 66. Rictal bristles small and inconspicuous; lower parts barred with dusky and grayish-white or buff-ochraceous. c. Throat patch pure white. d. Lower parts barred with sooty-black and pure white. e. Upper parts paler, with more buffy and white spots on pileum and more grayish vermiculations on back and wings. | Chordeiles virginianus henryi, &.« ce. Upper parts darker, with less spotting and vermiculations. Chordeiles virginianus virginianus, &. dd. Lower parts barred with sooty-black and buff-ochraceous ; under tail-coverts buffy. Chordetles acutipennis texensis, 8. cc. Throat patch buff-ochraceous. d. Under surface of primaries blotched with buffy posterior to the usual large isolated patch ; under parts very ochraceous. Chordetles acutipennts texensis, Q. dd. Under surface of primaries sooty-gray, without blotches, except the usual large isolated spot (white). e. Wings and upper parts dark, with little grayish flecking. Chordeiles virginianus virginianus, 2. 500 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. ce. Wings and upper parts thickly flecked with grayish and buffy, especially on wings and tail. Chordeiles virginianus henryt, 2. 209. Nyctibius jamaicensis jamaicensis (Gmelin). Caprimulgus jamaicensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., II, 1788, 1029. Nyctibius jamaicensis GOSSE, Birds of Jamaica, 1874, 41, Pl. VI. — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 120 (San José [Zeledén]). — RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., IV, 1881, 336 (Sarchi de Alajuéla, 2? ). —ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 120. — HARTERT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 625. SALVIN and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1894, 390, Bangs Collection: El General, July 26, 1908, < (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Guapiles, Jan. 18, 1904, c& (Carriker). When I compared two specimens of yct/bzus from Costa Rica with a bird from Jamaica (which is typical JV. 7amazcensis) I was surprised to find them precisely alike in almost every character of any im- portance. The wing and tail and general coloration were exactly the same. The Jamaican bird had some slight tinge of rufous on the back and on the abdomen, which was also present in one of the Costa Rican birds, the other, however, being without it. The color-pattern of the tail was the same, also the intensity of color. This great goatsucker is one of the very rare species of the family found in Costa Rica, probably not more than a half-dozen speci- mens ever having been taken in that country. It seems to be dis- tributed over the whole of the country, specimens having been taken on the Caribbean lowlands (Guapiles), the central plateau (Sarchi de Alajuéla), and the southwestern Pacific lowlands (El General de Térraba). The specimen taken at Guapiles was caught alive in a banana plan- tation by a laborer. 210. Chordeiles virginianus virginianus (Gmelin) .' Caprimulgus virginianus GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1788, 1028. 1Chordetiles virginianus henryi. —I have been recently informed by Mr. C. H. Lankester that he has in his collection a single skin collected at Miravalles, Costa Rica, in 1906, which was identified by Mr. Ridgway as the Western Nighthawk. This identification was made by Mr. Ridgway entirely from memory, with no specimens to compare with, in which case there is some room for error. I have not seen the bird and can only give the record as it thus stands. If it should prove to be correct it adds another species to the list of Costa Rican birds. CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTaA RICA. 5OL Chordeiles virginianus SWAINSON, in Sw. Rich., Fauna Bor. Am., IT, 1831, 496, — HartTeErt, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 610 (no record from C. R.). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1894, 396 (no C. R. record). Chordeiles virginianus asseriensis CHERRIE, Auk, VIII, 1891, 135 (Asseri, C. R.). Carnegie Museum Collection: Rio Sicsola, Sept. 24, 1904; Mira- valles, May 24 and 25, 1906 (Carriker). Five skins. It is rather unusual that there are no records of the occurrence of fais Species in Costa Rica. The three specimens secured. on the Sicsola River were shot from a flock of about a hundred birds which were flying up and down the river at dusk, catching insects over the sand-bars and over the water. I saw them every evening for several days, after which they disappeared. I believe that the bird described by Mr. Cherrie was nothing more than a peculiarly marked winter bird of this species, for I am very certain that there is no form of Chordez/es breeding in Costa Rica. 211. Chordeiles acutipennis texensis (Lawrence). Chordeiles texensis LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VI, Dec., 1856, 167; IX, 1868, 120 (El Rio Tirribi [Zeled6én]). — FRANTzIUus. Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 314 (San José and Rio Tirribi [Zeledén]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 120. — CHERRIE, Auk, IX, 1892, 324 (San José, Nov. 6 and 7, 1888 [Alfaro]). — SALVIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 616 (no C. R. record). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1894, 397 (refer- ences cited). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 442 (Salitral, a few seen, one shot). Chordetles brasilianus CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn, 1862, 165 (C. R. [Hoffmann]). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 120 (Cabanis). U. S. Nat. Museum: Pigres, March 3-10, 1905 (Ridgway and Zeledon), San José, Oct. 29, 1891 (Underwood). Bangs Collection: Limon, Nov. 28, 1896, San José, Sept. 10, 1883 ; Bolson, Dec. 25, 1907 (Underwood). The Texan Nighthawk seems to be a common and regular winter visitor, but frequenting the central plateau region and the Pacific slope more than the eastern side. There are no records for the species from the Caribbean slope. 212. Nyctidromus albicollis albicollis (Gmelin). Caprimulgus albicollis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., ii, 1788, 1030. Nyctidromus albicollis BURMEISTER, Syst. Ueb., ii, 389. — CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1862, 166 (C. R. [Frantzius and Hoffman]). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 120 (San José and Angostura). — FRANTZzIUvUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 502 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 1869 (San José, Ordsi, Turrialba, Moravia). — BoucarD, P. Z. S., 1878, 67 (Cartago). — NuTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 398 (La Palma de Nicoya). — R1ipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 501 (San José [Nut- ting]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 120 (Las Trojas. P6zo Azul de Pirris, Alajuéla, Angostura, Naranjo de Cartago). — CHERRIE, Expl . Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 46 (Boruca, Térraba, and Buenos Aires); Auk, IX, 1892, 324 (San José, abundant resident — both coasts to 8000 feet). — HARTERT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 587 (Ivazi [Rogers], San José [J. Carmiol]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1894, 393 (Mexico to Brazil). — UNDERWooD, Ibis, 1896, 442 (Bebedéro). — BANGS: Auk, X XIV, 1907, 295 (Boruca). U. S. Nat. Museum: Bonilla and Pigres (Ridgway), Guayabo (Ridgway & Zeled6n), Bonilla, El Copey, Las Vueltas and Santa Maria de Dota (Basulto), Monte Redondo (Zeledon). Bangs Collection: Bolson, Tenorio, Cerro de Santa Maria ( Under- wood ). C. H. Lankester Collection: Miravalles and Banana River. Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford) ; Vol. de Irazu, Pozo Aztl de Pirris, Guacimo, Cuabre, Rio Sicsola, Carrillo, Bebedéro, Miravalles, Juan Vifias, El Pozo de Térraba, Boruca (Carriker). Large series. Costa Rican specimens of Vyctzdromus are practically identical with those from Cayenne, the type locality. There are some slight differ- ences, but they will not hold constant in a large series, it heing pos- sible to exactly match Cayenne birds with specimens from Costa Rica. As can be seen by the large list of localities cited above, this species is to be found in practically every part of the country, up to 9,000 and even 10,000 feet on the Volcanoes de Irazii and Turrialba. I found it breeding on the Volcano de Irazt at nearly 9,000 feet, a nest and eggs being taken there April 13, 1902. ‘The incubation was far advanced at that date. The eggs were deposited in aslight depression in the leaves on the groun near an old brush-pile, just on the edge of a thicket of second-growth scrub. The two eggs are pale brownish- drab, with a few markings of pale lilac, overlaid with blotches of chestnut-rufous. Measurements: 36 x 24.5 and 30 X 23 mm. 213. Stenopsis cayennensis (Gmelin). Engoulevant varié de Cayenne Montbéliard, Hist. Nat. Ois., ii, 577. Caprimulgus cayennensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, 1031. Stenopsis cayennensis (not of Montbéliard) HARTERT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 583 (Panama inte South America; no Costa Rican specimens). — SALVIN and GOpMAN, Bioi. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1894, 392 (Costa Rican references). CARRIZER:® LIST OF THE BIRDS’ OF CosTA RICA. 503 U. S. Nat. Museum: Jiménez, July, 1892 (Verrill); Bebedéro, Feb., 1890, La Candelaria and P6zo Azul de Pirris (Underwood). British Museum: Azahar de Cartago, Sept. 29, 1898 (Underwood). This appears to be a very rare species in Costa Rica, not more than about five or six specimens having been taken in that country. It isa commoner bird in Panama and northern South America, but appar- ently Costa Rica is north of its regular range, so that only a few strag- glers are found there. There should be no confusion regarding the distinction of S. a/éicauda Lawrence, from this species, the present form having a prominent blackish bar across the middle of the two outer rectrices, which is entirely wanting in a/éscauda. 214. Stenopsis albicauda Lawrence. Stenopsis albicauda LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y.. XI, 1874, 89 (Talamanca, Gabb Expedition; Cooper Coll., U. S. Nat. Mus.). Stenopsis cayennensis (not of Gmelin) HARTERT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI., 1892, 583, part (Panama into South America).— SALVIN and GopMaAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1894, 392, part, in synonymy (reference to type of S. albicauda). U.S. Nat. Museum: One female, type of species. C. H. Lankester Collection: Miravalles, one female. Carnegie Museum: Miravalles, one female (Carriker). After an examination of Mr. Lankester’s specimen and the one in the Carnegie Museum and a comparison of these with Lawrence’s type of S. albicauda, Mr. Ridgway declares them to be the same and that Lawrence’s species is a good one, very different from S. cayennensts. Prior to the taking of the female by Mr. Lankester, the type of the species was the only known specimen. ‘There are now three, two of which are in this country and one in Costa Rica. I herewith give a description of the female. female. — Crown deep sooty-brown, with a small amount of rufous freckling ; a stripe from lores to nape (and encircling nape) of grayish- white, freckled with dusky ; throat and sides of head pale buffy, indis- tinctly barred with sooty-brown ; a narrow nuchal collar of bright buff-ochraceous ; back and chest finely, but brokenly, barred with sooty and pale buff; wing-coverts and inner tertials grayish-sooty, with patches of whitish freckles and rufous spot ; scapulars sooty-black, with rufous freckling on outer edge and a conspicuous spot or edging of pale buff on inner web; quills grayish-sooty, four outer primaries 504 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. marked with a broad bar of cinnamon-buff (broken and narrowed at shaft) anda large spot on inner webs near base ; rest of quills with a spot of same color on inner web; two central rectrices dusky-gray, finely freckled with sooty, and crossed by eight broken bars of the same color; rest of rectrices sooty-gray, barred with pale grayish-buff, and the buffy areas freckled with dusky; all the rectrices edged on inner webs with yellowish-buff ; abdomen buffy-white, brokenly barred with dusky ; vent and under tail coverts buff-ochraceous. Length, 222 mimes! Wine; iso; tall. 12 oO: 215. Antrostomus saturatus Salvin. Antrostomus saturatus SALVIN, P. Z.S., 1870, 203 (Volcan de Chiriqui [Arcé]). — RIDGWAY, Proc: U.S. Nat: Mus, XVI, 1803; 614 (raze Antrostomus rufomaculatus RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 465 (Irazti [Alfarol). Caprimulgus saturatus HARTERT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 572 (Chiri- qui). — SALVIN and GOpMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1894, 388 (no ad- ditional records). U.S. Nat. Museum: Volcan de Irazi (Underwood). Bangs Collection: Escazt and Volcan de Irazt (Underwood). Fleming Collection: La Estrella de Cartago (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Volcan de Turrialba. Carnegie Museum: Volcan de Irazi, Apr. 12, 1902) (@anikem@ Two skins. This rare goatsucker is restricted to the high mountains, never hav- ing been taken lower than 5,000 feet above sea-level, and ranging from that altitude up to timber-line. I saw but two birds during six weeks collecting on the Volcan de Irazu, an adult female, and a young female in the juvenal plumage, both of which were secured. I have seen no published description of either the female or imma- ture bird, and for that reason give the following : Adult female. — Differs from adult male as follows: Black of entire body more obscured by the cinnamon-rufous spots; barring of rectrices almost uniform throughout, being much broken on all the feathers, except on the outer web of the outer rectrix; light tips of rectrices pale cinnamon-buff and narrow, being not more than 15 mm. in width on~third rectrix. Length, 231; wing, 153 ; tail, "29 eeeee 16 mm, Female, juv. — Entire upper parts rusty cinnamon-rufous, with a slight reddish tinge ; feathers with a subterminal black spot of irregu- CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF COSTA RICA. 5OD5 lar angular shapes, smaller and more concealed on upper back, larger on tertials and coverts ; remiges and rectrices as in the adult female ; feathers of lower parts slate-gray basally, broadly edged on throat and breast with the color of the back ; abdomen and under tail-coverts pale rusty-buff. Length, 150; wing, 116; tail, 58 mm. 216. Antrostomus vociferus vociferus (Wilson). Caprimulgus vociferus WILSON, Am. Orn., V, 1812, 71, pl. 41, figs. I-3.—HART- ERT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 568 (Mexico to Guatemala in winter). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1894, 385 (most southern record given is Salvador [Richardson]). Antrostomus vociferus BONAPARTE, Geogr. & Comp. List, 1838, 8. — CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1894, 536 (San José, Feb. 24, 1889, 9 — first record for Costa Rica). There is but a single record for the taking of the Whip-poor-will in Costa Rica, that cited above by Mr. Cherrie. They are common in winter farther north, but evidently are only rare stragglers in Costa Rica. 217. Antrostomus carolinensis (Gmelin). Caprimulgus carolinensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1788, 1028. — HARTERT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 565 (Costa Rica (Endres]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1894, 383 (south in winter to Col- ombia and Antilles). Antrostomus carolinensis GOULD, Icones Avium, 1838. — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. N. Y., IX, 1868, 120 (Las Cruces de Candelaria [Zeled6n]).— FRANTZz1us, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 314 (Las Cruces de Candelaria, Nov., 1867 [Zeledén and by Dr. E. Joos at Guadeloupe, 1860!). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de Coke l, 1887, 120, Bangs Collection: Vicinity of San José (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Rio Sicsola, March 21, 1904 (Carriker). One skin. The Chuck-will’s-widow seems to be quite rare in Costa Rica, but few specimens of it having been recorded from that country. It is quite probable that it does not cross over to the Pacific slope, but remains either in the Caribbean lowlands, or the eastern side of the central plateau. I never saw more than the one bird recorded above, in the five and a half years I spent in that country. 506 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Family MICROPODID~. KEY TO THE COSTA RICAN SPECIES. a. Tail very stiff, with prominent protruding spines; size sma!l (wing about 110 mm.). b. Rump and upper tail-coverts dull brownish or grayish-sooty, never ashy. ¢. Pileum and back deep sooty-black, with greenish reflections; rump and upper tail coverts dark grayish-sooty. Chetura gaumeri 8, 9. cc. Pileum and back dull sooty, with scarcely any greenish reflections; rump and upper tail-coverts pale grayish sooty; inner webs of rece trices (above) decidedly paler and grayer than outer. Chetura vauxi @, 2. bb. Rump pale grayish-ash or dark cinereous. c. Upper tail-coverts short and darker than the rump and falling short of tips of rectrices by about 20 mm.; rump pale grayish-ash. Chetura spinicauda fumosa 6, Q. cc. Upper tail-coverts dark ashy-gray like the rump, and extending to within about 13 mm. of the tips of rectrices. Chetura cinereiventris pheopygos 6, 2. aa. Tail stiff or soft but never with prominent protruding spines. b. With a white collar or a white streak over the eye. c. Neck completely encircled by a white collar (wing 195 mm.). Streptoprocne zonaris zonaris S, Q. cc. A white streak over and behind eye; lores black (wing 150 mm.) Cypseloides cherriei gf. bb. No white on head or neck. c. Size larger (wing 155 to 165 mm.). d. Feathers of abdomen and under tail-coverts edged with white. Cypseloides niger borealis juv. 8, Q. dd. No white edgings on lower parts, sooty-black throughout, throat slightly grayer. Cypseloides niger borealis 8, Q. cc. Size smaller (wing 120 to 130 mm.). d. Broad band of dark chestnut-brown encircling neck, broader in front. Cypseloides brunneitorques 6. dd. Without chestnut collar, sooty-black throughout, paler below. Cypseloides brunneitorques °. 218. Streptoprocne zonaris zonaris (Shaw). Hirundo zonaris SHAW in Mill. Cim. Phys., 1796, 100, pl. 55. Hemiprocne zonaris BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 67 (‘‘ Seen on Irazia ’’). — ZELFEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 120 (La Palma de San José). Chetura zonaris HARTERT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 476 (no C. R. record).— SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1893, 373 (C. R. [Van Patten in U. S. Nat. Mus.]). Streptoprocne zonaris zonaris OBERHOLSER, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIX, 1906, 67-70 (critical). — Bancs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 295 (Boruca, six specimens [Underwood]). CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. 5O7T Bangs Collection : San Pedro and Escazt’ (Underwood). Fleming Collection: San Pedro and Los Cuadros de Irazi ( Under- wood ). C. H. Lankester Collection: Miravalles and Cariblanco de Sarapiqui. Carnegie Museum: Volcan Irazt, Paso Real de Térraba, and Peralta (Carriker) ; Tucurriqui (Underwood). Four skins. Boucard was the first to see this handsome large swift in Costa Rica, but did not secure specimens of it. It seems rather strange that it was not taken by the early collectors, because it is by no means rare, although very hard toshoot. I have seen it in all parts of the country from near sea-level up to the craters of the Volcanoes de Irazt and Turrialba. JI have never been able to find out where they breed, but having always seen the birds around the summits of volcanoes during the beginning of the breeding season, it seems not improbable that they have their nests in the cliffs of the inner walls of the craters. 219. Chetura vauxi (Townsend). Cypselus vauxit TOWNSEND, Jour. Acad. Phila., VIII, 1839, 148. Chetura vauxi BAIRD, Birds N. Am., 145, 1858, pl. 18. — HARTERT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 481 (Honduras, most southern record). — SALVIN and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1893, 375 (Costa Rica [Van Patten, in U. S. Nat. Mus.]). British Museum Collection: Los Cuadros de Laguna, July, 1898 ; Carrillo, Nov. 7, 1898 (C. F. Underwood). The only published record for the occurrence of this swift in Costa Rica is that in the 4zo/ogza, which is the record ofa skin collected by Van Patten, without locality. Mr. Ogilvie-Grant informs me, how- ever, that there are two skins in the British Museum collected by Underwood, as givenabove. ‘This is evidently a very rare bird in Costa Rica, being merely a straggler, but perhaps more abundant than the records tend to show, on account of the difficulty of collection. 220. Chetura gaumeri Lawrence. Chetura gaumert LAWRENCE, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., II, 1882, 245 (Yucatan). — RipGway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., VI, 1883, 415 (C. R. [Van Patten]). — Har- TERT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 482 (Yucatan and Chiriqui). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1893. 376 (no C. R. speci- mens). U.S. Nat. Museum ; Coliblanco (Ridgway); El Copey, Las Vueltas and La Lagunaria de Dota (Basulto); Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeled6n ). 5OS ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Bangs Collection: El General de Térraba, Los Cuadros de Irazt, Juan Vinas, Carrillo (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui, Carrillo, La Hondura, and Los Cuadros de Irazi (Underwood). The range of the present species covers practically the whole of Costa Rica, with the possible exception of the very high altitudes, although many specimens have been taken at Los Cuadros de Irazu, which is about 5,000 feet above sea-level. It is taken in both the Caribbean and Pacific lowlands and is the commonest species of the genus in Costa Rica. I know nothing of their breeding, although it is a resident there throughout the year. 221. Chetura spinicauda fumosa (Salvin). Chetura fumosa SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1870, 204 (Bugaba, Panama). — HARTERT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 483 (Chiriqui).— SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1894, 377. — BANGS, Proc. N. E. Zool. Club, 1908, 26 (P6zo-Azil de Pirris [Underwood)]). Bangs Collection : El General de Térraba (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Pozo Azul de Pirris, six specimens (Underwood). Mr. Bangs has thoroughly straightened out the status of the three small species of Chetura inhabiting Costa Rica, viz., C. gaumert, spinicauda fumosa, and cinereiventris pheopygos (Proc. N. E. Zool. Club, 1908, XVI, 26). The present species is found only in the low- lands of the Pacific, and thus far has been taken only at Pézo Azul de Pirris and inthe upper Térraba Valley. ‘The eastern and western birds are very easily distinguished. 222. Chetura cinereiventris pheopygos Hellmayr. Chetura cinereiventris guianensis RICHMOND, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 516 (Rio Frio). Chetura cinereiventris pheopygos HELLMAYR, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, XVI, 1906, 83 (Carrillo, a good series [Underwood]). — Banos, Proc. N. Eng. Zool. Club 1908, 26 (Carrillo and Juan Vifias [Underwood]). Carnegie Museum: Carrillo, o&’, 2 (Underwood). This species occupies the same position in the Caribbean lowlands which the preceding holds on the Pacific. Nothing more is known of the habits of either, except that they are occasionally seen flying about in small flocks, nor have they ever been taken in any other locality than Carrillo and Juan Vifias. | CARRIKER* List OF THE BIRDS OF Costa RICA. 509 223. Cypseloides brunneitorques brunneitorques (Lafresnaye). Chetura brunneitorques LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 1844, 81 (Colombia). — ZELE- DON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 120 (San José). — RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XI, 1888, 542 (San José [Zeled6n]). — CHERRIE, Auk, IX, 1892, 324 (San José, resident, but not common).— SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1894, 378 (C. R. [Van Patten in U. S. Nat. Mus.]). Cypseloides brunneitorques HARTERT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 432 (Mexico to Ecuador). U. S. Nat. Museum: San José (Zeledon), Reventazon (Carranza). Bangs Collection: E] General de Térraba, Vol. de Irazu, Cariblanco de Sarapiqui (Underwood). Fleming Collection : Los Cuadros de Irazti and San Pedro del Mojén (Underwood ). Carnegie Museum: Paso Real de Térraba (Carriker) ; Los Cuadros de Irazu, San Pedro del Mojon, Cariblanco de Sarapiqui (Underwood). Rather an abundant bird over the greater portion of Costa Rica, but especially on the Caribbean slope and central plateau region. I saw one flock in the Térraba Valley, which were flying just behind a large flock of Streptoprocne zonaris szonaris, over the open ‘‘ sabana.’’ Underwood also took it farther up the Rio General de Térraba. Little or nothing seems to be known of the habits or breeding of this or any other of the family in Costa Rica. 224. Cypseloides niger borealis (Kennerly). Cypselus borealis KENNERLY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857, 202. Cypseloides niger ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 120 (San José). — CHERRIE, Auk, IX, 1892, 324 (San José, —a single specimen in Mus. Nac. de C. R. by José Zeled6n, with note on label that bird was breeding). — SALVIN and GOpDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1894, 379 (references cited). Cypseloides borealis HARTERT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 495 (British Colombia to Costa Rica). Cypseloides niger borealis, Eighth Suppl. A. O. U. Check-List, Auk, XIV, 1897, 126 (British Columbia to Costa Rica). Bangs Collection: San Pedro del Mojon, Buenos Aires de Térraba (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: San José and San Pedro del Mojén (Underwood). There are but few Costa Rican records for this species, but with the exception of one from Buenos Aires, all are from the vicinity of San José, from which we might infer that the bird is more partial to the upland portion of the country than the lowlands. It has not been taken at all on the Caribbean side. 510 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 225. Cypseloides cherriei Ridgway. Cypseloides cherriei RIDGWAY, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 43 (Volcan de Irazii [Geo. K. Cherrie]). This remarkable form is known only from the single specimen from which it was described, which was collected somewhere on the Volcan de Irazu by Mr. Cherrie for the Museo Nacional de Costa Rica, he which it was presented to the U. S. National Museum. Family TROCHILID. KEY TO THE COSTA RICAN SPECIES. a. Exposed culmen not less than 29 mm. in length (measured in a straight line from frontal base to tip), usually more. b. Bill straight or almost straight, not decidedly curved; entirely black. c. Under parts dark shining green, with or without glittering throat. d. Throat not glittering, crown reddish coppery; forehead glittering green; rump bluish; bill very straight. Doryfera veraguensis, 6, Q. dd. Throat glittering blue-green; crown glittering violet; upper parts soft shining grass-green. Eugenes spectabilis @. cc. Under parts not green, or only slightly washed on sides. d. Throat glittering purplish or dark flame-color; white spot on rump. e. Throat purplish; middle of breast, abdomen, and sides white. Floricola superba superba, S, &. ee. Throat dark flame-red; abdomen and sides drab. Floricola constanti constanti, S, 2. dd. Throat dull brownish-drab, like breast and abdomen; sides washed with green and under tail-coverts shining green; upper parts green, crown dusky. Eugenes spectabilis, 2. bb. Bill more or less decidedly curved; mandible mainly flesh-color or reddish, or else throat blue or violet. c. Tail long and wide, with nearly apical half of outer rectrices white; bill entirely black; throat violet or violet-blue. d. Entire under parts, nape, and upper back deep, shining violet. Campylopterus hemileucurus mellitus, 6. dd. Only middle of throat violet-blue; grayish drab below; sides of body and under tail-coverts greenish. Campylopterus hemileucurus mellitus, 2. cc. Tail variously shaped, but never with outer rectrices more than tipped with white. d. Central pair of rectrices greatly elongated, the elongated portion whitish. e. Lower parts ashy-gray; upper parts blue-green; tail narrowly edged with white at tip; cinnamon malar and gular stripe. Phaethornis guy coruscus, Q. ee. Lower parts buffy-ochraceous ; buffy-bronze above, more ochraceous CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. BE] on rump and abdomen; tail edged with buff ; buffy gular and malar stripe. Phaethornis longirostris longirostris, 8, 2. dd. Central pair of rectrices not greatly elongated, if at all. e. Lower and upper parts shining blue-green ; rump and upper tail- coverts bluish; arusty gular stripe; middle rectrices pointed, with shafts white at tips. Phaethornis guy coruscus, 6. ee. Lower parts largely or entirely cinnamon-buff; bronzy-green above, f. Basal half and tips of rectrices white. _ Threnetes ruckeri, 8, Q. ff. Basal half of rectrices chestnut, tips white. Glaucis hirsuta eneus, 6, QP aa. Exposed culmen less than 29 mm., usually not more than 25 mm. b. Two or more pairs of lateral rectrices largely or wholly white (if other color present, located at tip of feathers). c. Entire lower parts immaculate white; deep shining green above d. Tail at least 65 mm. long; no violet-blue on crown. Heliothrix barroti, 2, dd. Tail not more than 50 mm. long; forehead and crown glittering violet- blue. Heliothrix barroti, g. cc. Entire under parts not immaculate white. d. All the rectrices, except the middle pair, largely white. e. Throat and crown greenish-blue, or else entire under surface to vent glittering green. f. Throat and crown greenish-blue; abdomen white; back green. Florisuga mellivora, g. ff. Entire under surface (to vent) glittering green; crown and central rectrices deep bronze. Elvira cupreiceps, @. ee. Entire under parts nearly white; sides of head and throat green; lateral rectrices tipped with white, leaving a narrow subterminal, oblique bar. Elvira cupreiceps, Q. dd. Not more than three outer pairs of rectrices white. e. Lower parts glittering green or grayish-white; green above. f. Lower parts glittering green. g. Only two lateral rectrices white, tipped with deep blackish. Eupherusa egregia, &. gg. Three lateral rectrices white, tipped with bronzy-black; secon- daries not brown. Elvira chionura, 6. ff. Lower parts grayish-white; soft green above. g. Only two outer rectrices white; bill 18 to 19 mm. Eupherusa egregia, 2. gg. Three outer rectrices white, with or without a dark subterminal bar. h. No dark subterminal bar. Elvira nigriventris, 2. hh. Dark subterminal bar present. Elvira chionura, Q. ee. Lower parts not asin (e); whole throat, abdomen, breast, and forehead deep black, green above; under tail-coverts and three outer rec- trices white. Elvira nigriventris, @, Ig Ws ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. bb. No large white area on any of the rectrices (more than sometimes white tips or edges). c. Crown and forehead glittering blue or violet. d. Either abdomen or throat glittering deep blue, or else entire under parts dirty grayish. e. Throat blue, rest below greenish; tail metallic-green, with a dusky subterminal area. Clais guimeti, g. ee. Abdomen and upper back blue, or else entire under parts dirty grayish. f. Throat glittering green; tail dark steel-blue; abdomen blue. Thalurania colombica venusta, 6. ff. Entire under parts dirty grayish-white. Clais guimeti, S. dd. No blue on abdomen or throat; throat glittering coppery flame-color, with a blue pectoral spot; rest above and below (except upper back, black) shining or glittering green. Panter pe insignis, 6, Q. cc. Crown not blue or violet. d. Throat and breast or entire under parts, shining or glittering green, sometimes slightly mixed with white or buffy, or with a blue spot in middle of throat. e. Tail deep metallic-blue, or else chestnut-brown; no pale tips or edging. f. Tail chestnut-brown; upper parts shining green. Amizilis tzacatl dubusi, 6, Q, ff. Tail blue or blue-green; entire upper parts green. g. A blue spot in middle of throat or breast, or else a blue auricular patch. h. Lower parts glittering green; tail dull blue, deeply forked or ordinary; blue spot on throat or breast. zt. Tail deeply forked; outer rectrix edged with grayish, shafts white; a blue pectoral spot (wing, 40 mm.). Popelairia conversi conversi, @. iit. Tail not forked; no pale edging to rectrices; blue spot on throat (wing, 75 mm.). Heliodoxa jacula henryi, @. hh. Lower parts bluish-green; tail blue green, with subterminal blue area;a blueauricular patch. Colibri cyanotis cabanidis, $,Q. gg. No blue on throat or auricular region. h. Tail deep blue, without paler tips. tz. Entire under parts glittering green (including under tail- coverts); no bronzy-purple on rump; tail rather deeply forked (wing, 46 mm.). j. Bill entirely black. Chlorostilbon assimilis, 8. jj. Mandible flesh-color basally. Chlorostilbon caniveti salvini, g. it. Abdomen white, or grayish, or glittering violet-blue, or else under tail-coverts metallic-blue, edged with grayish or white. j. No chestnut on secondaries. k. No white on abdomen. 1. Abdomen green; under tail-coverts metallic-blue, edged with paler. CARRIKER: LIsT OF THE BIRDS OF Costa. RICA. 513 m. Edgings on coverts ashy; bronzy-green above. Saucerottia sophia, 8, 2 mm. Edgings on coverts white, green on upper parts, especially of pileum, with a blue tinge. Saucerottia cyanifrons alfaroana, @. } ll. Abdomen glittering violet-blue; under tail-coverts plain steel-blue; shining green above, bronzy on rump. Damophila panamensis, g. kk. Abdomen white or whitish, under tail-coverts white or sooty-gray, edged with white. 1. Abdomen white; coverts sooty-gray, edged with white. Saucerottia niveoventer, 6, 2. ll. Abdomen and under tail-coverts white (tail 35 mm.). Agyrtria boucardi, 6, jj. Secondaries partially chestnut; under tail-coverts edged with rusty. Saucerotlia cyanura impatiens, 6, 2. hh. Rectrices tipped with white (wing 66 mm.); under parts mixed with white. Heliodoxa jacula henryi, 9°. ee. Tail neither blue, blue-green, nor chestnut. f. Lower parts soft shining green; feathers more or less edged with buffy; under tail-coverts green, edged with white; tail green, two outer rectrices white-tipped, with a dusky blue subterminal area. A phantochroa cuvieri, 6, Q. ff. Lower parts glittering green, abdomen purplish; tail and wings dusky bronzy-purplish. g. Under tail-coverts violet. Chalybura melanorrhoa, &. gg. Under tail-coverts white; chest tinged with blue. Chalybura isaure, 6. dd. Throat and breast not shining or glittering green; if breast green, throat largely or wholly of another color. e. Under parts uniform cinnamon or buff-ochraceous, without dusky spots on throat. f. Central rectrices lengthened (15 mm. longer than outer); small (wing 40 mm.). Phaethornis adolphi, 8, Q. ff. Central rectrices scarcely longer than outer. g. A white postocular streak; tail tipped with white; upper parts shining grass-green. h. Subterminal portion of rectrices grayish-sooty, no purplish edging on inner webs. Oreopyra cinereicauda, QQ. hh. Subterminal portion of rectrices dark metallic-blue; inner edge of outer rectrices purplish. Oreopyra castaneiventris calolema, 9 gg. No white postocular streak nor tips to rectrices; upper parts bronzy-green. Tail entirely chestnut-brown, with dusky-bronze tips. Amizilis cinnamomea, 3, 2. 514 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. hh. Only three outer rectrices cinnamon-brown’ and with a sub- terminal blackish band. Calliphlox bryante, °. ee. Under parts not cinnamon or buffy. f. Throat (with or without chin) shining or glittering violet-blue or lilac, with the breast green, or blackish, or white, or blue like the throat. g. Chin dusky-green; tail dark metallic-blue. h. Whole crown and nape glittering green; sides of head dusky. Agyrtria amabilis decora, 6. hh. Only crown glittering; sides of head shining green. Agyriria amabilis amabilis, g. gg. Chin concolorous with throat. h. Tail brilliant bronze. Hylocharis elicia, 6, Q. hh. Tail not bronzy; breast green; tail purplish-black; throat lilac. Oreopyra castaneitentris calolema, 6. ff. Throat not blue. g. Throat or crown white in abrupt contrast to contiguous parts, or else median line of under parts white, with more or less green along sides. h. Crown or throat white. 7. Crown white, rest of hocdy chiefly rich claret-colotr. Microchera parvirosiris, g. a1. Throat white, crown glittering blue-green, tail ashy-gray. : / ; : . Oreopyra cinereicauda, g. hh. Median line of under parts white. z. Bill 28 mm.; tail tipped with white, and with a violet-purple spot on outer rectrix; under tail-coverts green. Anthracothorax prevosti prevosti, Q. zi. Bill20 mm.; no white tips to rectrices; no purple spot; under tail-coverts white. Agyrtria boucardi, 9. gg. Crown not white (if throat white, rest of under parts white or gravish). h. Bill very strongly decurved, or else upper parts brownish, with a blue auricular stripe. i. Bill decurved; lower parts strongly streaked with black, white, and buff. Eutoxeres aquila heterura, 6, Q. 71. Upper parts brownish; grayish-sooty below, centre of throat glittering green (blue posteriorly); under tail-coverts cin- namon-buff. Colibri delphine, 6, °. hh. Bill normal, upper parts green (at least back and rump). z. Tail (except central rectrices) rich violet-purple; median portion of throat blue-black. Anthracothorax prevosti prevosti, 8. ii. Tail not violet-purple. y J. Lower parts dirty ashy-gray (bill 23 mm.); upper tail- coverts purple. CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BirpDs oF Costa RICca. 515 k. Under tail-coverts concolorous with abdomen. Chalybura melanorrhoa, °. kk. Under tail-coverts white. Chalybura isaure, 9°. jj- Lower parts not as in (j). k. Throat glittering green, or lilac, or flame-color, or violet, with or without acuminate, elongated plumules on head, or else throat whitish, each feather with a dusky or bronzy spot, or else throat and abdomen buff, the latter with golden spots, or else breast with a black patch. Size small (wing not more than 43; bill not more than 16). l. Throat glittering green, or violet, or flame-color. m. Throat green, some of feathers on head elongated and acuminate. n. Green of throat followed (posteriorly) by black. Lophornis helene, 3. nn. Gieen of throat followed (posteriorly) by white. o. Abdomen cinnamon, sides washed with green. Lophornis adorabilis, g. oo. Abdomen gray, washed with green. Lophornis delattrii, 8. mm. Throat of a brilliant glittering color, but not green. n. Tail without rufous area or edgings (dark purple); throat deep flame-color. Trochilus colubris, 8. mn. Tail with more or less rufous. o. Median rectrices shining green. p. Throat ‘pinkish rose-color, without leaden tinge. Selasphorus flammula flammula, @. pp. Throat lilac-red, with a leaden hue. Selasphorus flammula torridus, &. oo. Median rectrices purplish-black or largely cinnamon. p. Throat violet-purple; tail long (35 mm.). Calliphlox bryante, f. pp. Throat rosy-red or flame-color; tail shorter (26 mm.). q. Throat flame-color; median rectrices largely rufous, only a stripe of purplish on outer web next to shaft. Selasphorus scintilla, g. qq. Throat rosy-red; median rectrices largely purplish-black. vr. Median rectrices edged with cinnamon basally (bill, 16 mm.). Selasphorus simoni, g. 516 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. ry. Median rectrices edged with cinnamon towards tip (bill, 13 mm.). Selas phorus underwoodi, @. ll. Throat whitish, each feather with a dusky or bronzy spot, or else abdomen buff, with golden spots, or else the chest with a blackish patch. m. Throat whitish, each feather with a dusky or bronzy spot. n. Spots on throat shining bronze; crown and a patch below eye bronzy-black. Lophornis adorabilis, 2. nn. Spots on throat dusky, not bronzy, except per- haps on sides of lower throat. o. Flanks and under tail-coverts grayish-white; no rufous on rectrices; outer ones tipped with white. Trochilus colubris, 2. oo. Flanks and under tail-coverts cinnamon-buff; rectrices partly cinnamon or rufous. p. Central rectrices shining green. q. Lateral rectrices tipped with cinnamon- buff. Selasphorus flammula flammula, 2. qq. Lateral rectrices tipped with whitish. Selasphorus flammula torridus, 2. pp. Central rectrices rufous, banded with purp- lish, like lateral ones. Selasphorus scintilla, Qe mm. Throat without dusky spots, but abdomen with golden spots, or else a black pectoral patch. n. Throat buff; breast golden-bronze ; abdomen spotted with bronze; a white bar across rump; crown greenish. Lophornis helene, 2. nn. A large black pectoral patch; forehead and half of crown cinnamon. Lophornis delattrii, 2. kk. Throat and lower parts variously colored; but not as in (k). l. Tail dark metallic-blue, without green basally, and with or without prominent white tips. m. Throat grayish or dirty white, immaculate. n. Lower breast and abdomen shining green; larger (bill, 20 mm.); under tail-coverts white. Thalurania colombica venusta, 2. mn. Breast and abdomen color of throat, only sides of chest and flanks greenish; smaller (bill 14-16 mm.); under tail-coverts white. o. Bill entirely black. Chlorostilbon assimilis, 2. oo. Mandible flesh-color at base. Chlorostilbon caniveti salvini, 2. EE ————— ee ee! CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF COSTA RICA. 517 mm. Throat not immaculate, either partly black or else mixed with white and greenish or blue. n. Tail strongly forked (outer rectrix 23 mm., inner 12); upper throat black, lower white, with green spots. Popelairia conversi conversi, 2. nn. Tail nearly square; throat and breast grayish- white, each feather with a green spot. o. Bill shorter (19 mm.). Agyrtria amabilis amabilis, 2. oo. Bill longer (21.5 mm.). Agyrtria amabilis decora, °. ll. Tail light bronzy-green (with or without blue subter- minal area), or else white basally and forehead pale sooty. m. Lower parts whitish, without markings. n. Mandible flesh-color, forehead green; no white tail. Agyriria candida, 6, Q. nn. Bill black; forehead sooty-gray; tail white at base and tipped with white. Microchera parvirostris, 2. mm. Lower parts not immaculate whitish. n. Throat and breast dark shining green, feathers edged with white; abdomen white; tail with large blue subterminal area. Florisuga mellivora, °. nn. Lower parts white, except sides of throat and chin, which are marked with green spots; no blue subterminal area on tail. Celigena hemileuca, Q. 226. Doryfera veraguensis Salvin. Doryfera veraguensis SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1867, 154 (Cordillera de Tolé [Arcé]). — HartTerT, Tierr., 1900, 11 (C. R.). ; Doryfera ludovicie LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 121 (Cervantes [J. Carmiol]). Hemistephania veraguensis RIDGWAY, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, 313 (Costa Rica). — SALVIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 40 (Irazi [Rogers], C. R. [Endres]).— SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 253 (Costa Rica and Panama). f Bangs Collection: La Hondura (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui. Carnegie Museum: La Hondura, three specimens (Carriker). This is rather a rare bird in Costa Rica and seems to be confined entirely to the higher parts of the Caribbean water-shed, at.an altitude 518 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. of from 3,000 to 5,000 feet. The specimens taken were shot among shrubbery on the edges of the forest, where they were feeding on flowers. Its true habitat is, however, in the forest. 227. Threnetes ruckeri (Bourcier). Trochilus ruckeri BOURCIER, P. Z. S., 1847, 46. Glaucis ruckeri LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., I X, 1868, 121 (Costa Rica [Endres]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 121 (Jiménez and Angostura). — RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, 308 (Costa Rica). Threnetes ruckeyi REICHENBACH, Aufz. d. Col., 15. — SALVIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 265 (Angostura [J. Carmiol], C. R. [Endres]). — SALvIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 316 (Jiménez [Zeled6én, in U. S. Nat. Mus.]). — HARTERT, Tierr., 1900, 14 (Panama and Costa Rica). — Bancs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 295 (El Pézo de Térraba [Underwood)]). U.S. Nat. Museum: Jimenez (Vernll) (Altare): Bangs Collection: Carrillo and Pézo Azul de Pirris (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Volcan de Turrialba (2,000 feet) (Carriker and Crawford) ; El Hogar, Guapiles, Guacimo (Carriker). Thirteen skins. Confined to the forests of the Caribbean lowlands, from Panama to Nicaragua. ‘This bird is nearly always to be found in patches of wild cane or ‘‘ Wild Plantains,’’ which are so abundant in the Caribbean lowlands, its chief source of food being the blossoms of these plants. It is usually found in company with Glaucis hirsuta, Phaethorats longirostris and Agyrtria amabtls. On March 25, 1904, I found a nest of this species on the beach of the Sicsola River. It was placed in a thorny shrub on a low gravelly beach, the nest being about five feet from the ground. It was con- structed almost entirely of vegetable down, adorned on the outside with lichens, moss, and a few fragments of wild cane blades, all held together with spider-webs. The nest measured: outside depth, 1.5; width, 1.75; inside depth, .65 ; diameter, r.oo inch. It contained two fresh eggs, of the usual elliptical form, which measured 13.5 X 9; 13X9 mm. 228. Glaucis hirsuta eneus (Lawrence). Glaucis e@neus LAWRENCE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 232 (Costa Rica [Endres]); Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 121 (Costa Rica [Endres]). Glaucts hirsuta RipGway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, 308 (Costa Rica). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 121 (P6zo Azul de Pirris). — SALVIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 41 (Costa Rica [Endres]). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 255. — HARTERT, Tierr. 1000, 15. CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF COSTA RICA. 519 Glaucis hirsuta @neus BANGS. Auk, X XIV, 1907, 295 (El P6ézo de Térraba [Underwood]). Carnegie Museum: El Hogar and El Pozo de Térraba (Carriker). Three skins. Upon comparison of Costa Rican birds with Colombian, the differ- ences pointed out by Mr. Lawrence for his G. enews become apparent at once, and I thoroughly agree with Mr. Bangs in setting up Law- rence’s name for the northern race of G. hirsuta. This form ranges over the whole of the Carribean and Pacific low- lands, but in small numbers, never being abundant, as are the other species with which it associates (see notes on preceding species). I do not believe it is found above 1,000 feet. Its habits are the same as those of the preceding bird. 229. Phaethornis guy coruscus Bangs. Phaethornis emilie LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 121 (Angostura and Barranca [Carmiol]). — BoucarbD, P. Z. S., 1878, 67 (Tres Rios). — RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, 309 (Costa Rica). — SALVIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 268 (Tucurriqui [Arcé], C. R. [Endres]). — SALvIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 317 (Irazi [Rogers]). Phaethornis guy emilie HARTERT, Tierr., 1900, 19 (Costa Rica to Peru). Phaethornis guy coruscus BANGS, Proc. N. Eng. Zool. Club, VIII, 1902, 26 (Bo- quete and Volcan de Chiriqui [Brown]); Auk, X XIV, 1907, 295 (El Pézo de Térraba [Underwood)]). U.S. Nat. Museum: La Estrella de Cartago (Zeledon), Los Reyes de Dota (Basulto), Jiménez (Verrill). Bangs Collection : Boruca and Pozo Azul (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection ; Cariblanco de Sarapiqui and Cachi. Fleming Collection; Cariblanco and Juan Vifias (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Volcan de Turrialba (2,000 feet) (Carriker and Crawford) ; Irazu, Juan Vifias, Ujurras de Térraba, La Hondura (Carriker). Thirteen skins. | This handsome hummingbird is pretty well distributed over the Caribbean and Pacific watersheds; on the Caribbean side it is found between 1,500 and 3,500 feet and does not mix with P. dongirostris longirostris of the lowlands, while on the Pacific slope it is found not only at the higher altitudes but also mixes to a small extent with its relative of the lowlands. It is strictly a forest species, as are all of the genus, preferring the dark cool depths of the heavy forests of the Caribbean slope to any other part of Costa Rica. They also feed largely on several species of ‘‘ Wild Plantains’’ found in the higher altitudes. 520 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 230. Phaethornis longirostris longirostris (Lesson and Delattre). Ornismya longirostris LESSON & DELATTRE, Echo du Monde Savant, 1843, 1070. Phaethornis longirostris GOULD, Intro. Troch., 42.— LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 121 (Valsa [J. Carmiol], C. R. [Endres]). — BoucArRD, PZ. oe 1878, 67 (Juan Vifias). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 121 (Jiménez).— CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 45 (Palmar, Boruca and Buenos Aires de Térraba). — SALVIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 272 (Costa Rica [Endres and Carmiol]). — SALvIN and GopDMAN, Biol. Centr.- Am., Aves, II, 1892, 318 (C. R.). — Underwood, Ibis, 1896, 442 (Miravalles). —HARTERT, Tierr., 1900, 20 (Guatemala to Colombia). — BANGs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 295 (El Pézo and Boruca [Underwood)]). U.S. Nat. Museum ; La Lagunaria de Dota (Basulto), Pézo del Pital (Cherrie), Jiménez (Alfaro). : Bangs Collection: Bolson, Tenorio, La Vijagua and Pozo Azul de Pirris (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection ; La Florida. Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker and Crawford) ; Pozo Azul de Pirris, El Hogar, Cuabre, Rio Sicsola, El Pozo de Teérraba, (Carriker). ‘Twenty skins. The most abundant lowland species of hummingbird in Costa Rica, inhabiting the forests of both the Caribbean and Pacific lowlands, more commonly on the eastern side and the southwestern Pacific, from P6zo Aztl southwards. It is very fond of the flowers of the ‘‘ Wild Plantain ’’ and feeds on nothing else while they are in bloom. I have observed several nests of this species, all constructed in precisely the same manner. ‘The only one found with eggs was taken near Jiménez, May 9g, 1905, inthe heavy forest. ‘The nest was made entirely of fine grayish-brown vegetable fibres, bound together with spider-webs, and lined with the same material, and fastened by means of spider-webs to the under side of the pointed tip of a small palm leaf, about two feet above the ground. ‘The edges of the leaf were slightly drawn together, forming a semicircular cavity which almost entirely concealed the nest as the leaf drooped towards the ground. It contained two fresh eggs of the usual elliptical shape, pure white, and measuring : 14.5 x 9g and 15. 5X uO.8: It. 231. Phaethornis adolphi Gould. Phaethornis adolphi BourciER MS. Goutp, Mon. Troch., I, pl. 35. — LAw- RENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 121 (Angostura [J. Carmmolietee [Endres]).— RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, 309 (Costa Rica). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 121 (Costa Rica). — HARTERT, Tierr., 1900, 25 (Mexico to Panama).— Bancs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 295 (Boruca [Underwood)!). CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. yal Pygmornis adolphi BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 67 (San Carlos). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1 (Lagarto, Boruca and Buenos Aires de Térraba). — SALVIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 282 (Costa Rica [Endres]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 319 (Talamanca [Zeled6én]). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 45 (Lagarto, Boruca, Buenos Aires). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 442 (Miravalles). U. S. Nat. Museum: Jiménez (Verrill), Pézo del Pital (Cherrie). Bangs Collection: Carrillo and P6zo Aztl de Pirris (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Guacimo. Carnegie Museum: Guapiles and Volcan de Turrialba (2,000 ft.) (Carriker & Crawford) ; Guapiles, Miravalles, Rio Sicsola, El Pozo de Térraba, El Hogar (Carriker). Ten skins. This tiny little woodland species is distributed over the whole of the Caribbean and Pacific lowlands up to about 2,000 feet. It keeps near the ground, feeding upon all kinds of small flowers in season, besides the ‘‘ Wild Plantains.’’ 232. Eutoxeres aquila heterura Gould. Eutoxeres heterura GOULD, Ann. & Mag. N. H., I, 1868, 455. Eutoxeres aquila LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 120 (Tucurriqui [Arcé]) — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 120 (C. R.). Eutoxeres salvini SALVIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 262 (Turrialba [Arcé]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 314 (Costa Rica). Eutoxeres aquila heterura TACZANOWSKI & BERLEPSCH, P. Z. S., 1885, 132. — HARTERT, Tierr., 1900, 29 (Costa Rica to Ecuador). Bangs Collection ; Carrillo (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Volcan de Turrialba, 2,000 ft. (Carriker & Craw- ford). Nine skins. ~The Costa Rican range of this species is restricted (so far as I am able to determine) to the Caribbean watershed from about 1,200 to 3,500 feet in altitude, but it is most abundant at about 2,000 feet, in the dense, humid forests of that elevation. I found it feeding abun- dantly on the flowers of a species of ‘‘ Wild Plantain’’ which blooms nearly the whole year round in the locality visited. Other collectors have found it in small numbers at Carrillo, while I saw a single bird on the mountain side above Juan Vifias. 233. Campylopterus hemileucurus mellitus Bangs. Trochilus hemileucurus LICHTENSTEIN, Preis-Verz. Mex. V6g., I. Campylopterus hemileucurus CABANIS & HEINE, Mus. Hein., III, 13. — CABa- 522 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. NIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1862, 162 (C. R. [Frantzius]).— LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. N. Y., IX, 1868, 121 (citation of Cabanis, 1862). — FRANTzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 315 (San José). — BoucarRD, P. Z. S., 1878, 68 (Tres Rios and Rancho Redondo). — RipGway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, 310 (Costa Rica). — RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 501 (San Jose). — ZELE- DON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 121 (La Palma de San José). — CHERRIE, Auk, IX, 1892, 324 (San José). — SALVIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 291 (Costa Rica [Carmiol]). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 323 (Tucurriqui [Zeledén]) —— HARTERT, Tierr., 1900, 32. Campylopterus hemileucurus mellitus BANGS, Proc. N. Eng. Zool. Club, III, 1902, 28 (Boquete and Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama [Brown]). U.S. Nat. Museum: Escazt (Ridgway), Volcan de Irazt and Azahar de Cartago (Alfaro), Santa Maria de Doto (Basulto). Bangs Collection: Volcan de Irazu, Escazi, Azahar de Cartago, La Estrella de Cartago, La Candelaria, San Pedro del Mojén (Under- wood ). C. H. Lankester Collection : Cachi. Carnegie Museum: Navarro (Cooper) ; Escazt, Volcan de Irazu, La Hondura, Juan Vifias, Ujurras de Térraba (Carriker). Fourteen skins. This beautiful large hummingbird ranges over the whole of the central plateau region, from about 3,000 feet up to 7,000 feet, where- ever there still are virgin forests. It is very pugnacious and curious, frequently flying up close to a person’s head and hovering there, ad- vancing and retreating for some time, unless frightened away by an abrupt movement. 234. Florisuga mellivora (Linnzus). Trochilus mellivorus LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed 12, I, 1766, 193. Florisuga mellivora BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., I, 73. — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 122 (Costa Rica [Endres]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 121 (C. R.). — SALVIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 329 (Costa Rica [Endres]). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 340 (Bebedéro [Arcé]). — HARTERT, Tierr., I900, 25. — BANGS, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 295 (Boruca [Underwood]). U.S. Nat. Museum: Bonilla (Ridgway) (Basulto). Bangs Collection : San Pedro del Mojon (Underwood). Fleming Collection: Pozo Azul de Pirris and Carrillo (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Guapiles and Volcan de Turrialba, 2,000 feet (Carriker and Crawford) ; El Hogar (Carriker). Eight skins. A widely spread species, but not very abundant in any one locality. It ranges over both the Caribbean and Pacific lowlands and up over the plateau region to an altitude of perhaps not more than 4,000 feet. CARRIKER: LisT OF THE BirRDS oF Costa’ RIca. 525 235. Aphantochroa cuvieri (Delattre and Bourcier). Trochilus cuviert DELATTRE & BOuURCIER, Rev. Zool., 1846, 310. Campylopterus cuvieri ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 121 (Pozé Aziil de Pirris). Pheochroa cuvieri LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 121 (Bebedéro [Coll. O. Salvin]). — CHERRIF, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 45 (Boruca and Buenos Aires). — SALVIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 299 (Puntarenas [Salvin], Miravalles and Bebedéro [Arcé]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 326 (Costa Rica to Venezuela). A phantochroa cuvieri HARTERT, Tierr., 1900. 37 (Costa Rica to W. Venezuela). — Bancs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 295 (Boruca [Underwood]). U. 5. Nat. Museum : Pigres (Ridgway and Zeledon). Bangs Collection : Pézo Azul de Pirris (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Miravalles, Esparta, Bagaces, Bebedéro, Buenos Aires (Carriker). Six skins. This species is confined entirely to the lower portions of the Pacific slope, from Chiriqui to Guanacaste. It is most abundant around the head of the Gulf of Nicoya. It is more or less a woodland species, but does not go into the heavy forest, preferring the open woodland, fringes of trees along streams, and second-growth scrub. I believe it is the only Costa Rican hummingbird which I ever heard sing. On one occasion at Buenos Aires I was attracted by a peculiar fine, sweet song, unlike anything I had ever heard before, which upon investi- _gation proved to be froma male of this species, perched on a twig high up in a tree and singing away as though perfectly oblivious to his surroundings. His bill was pointed upward and as he sang his throat swelled and quivered, while his head moved from side to side as though lost in the ecstacy of the song. | 236. Agyrtria candida (Bourcier and Mulsant). Trochilus candidus BOURCIER & MULSANT, Ann. Soc. Phys. et Nat. Lyon, IX, 1846, 326. Agyrtria candida SALVIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 190 (Mexico to Chontales, Nicaragua). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 285 (Mexico to Chontales, Nicaragua). — HARTERT, Tierr., 1900, 46 (Mexico to Nicaragua). Bangs Collection ; San Pedro del Mojén, October, 1902, &; October, 1897, 2 (Underwood). Although this 4gyrtrza was generally supposed to be found in Costa Rica, I have been unable to find a single record for the actual taking of specimens there, with the single exception of the birds taken by 524 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Underwood at San Pedro, as cited above, and which I have examined. Like many other species which are so rare in Costa Rica, the range of this bird does not normally include that country, and it is only an occasional straggler which is sometimes taken. It is a common bird further north. 237. Agyrtria boucardi (Mulsant). Arinia boucardi MULSANT, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 1877, Oct. (Puntarenas, Costa Rica [Boucard]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C.R., I, 1887, 122 (C. R.). — SALVIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI., 1892, 193 (Puntarenas). — SALVIN and GOopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 286 (Puntarenas [Boucard]). Sapphironia boucardi BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 71 (Puntarenas, several speci- mens). Agyrtria boucardi HARTERT, Tierr.,.1900, 47 (Costa Rica). U. 5. Nat. Museum : Pigres, Feb. and March, 1905, about a dozen specimens (Ridgway, Zeledon, and Alfaro). C. H. Lankester Collection: Palo Verde, Guanacaste, June, 1906, one @. Carnegie Museum : El Coronado de Teérraba, a good series (Carriker). This exceedingly rare and local species of hummingbird was dis- covered by M. Adolph Boucard, at Puntarenas, probably in January, 1877, where he procured a few specimens in the mangroves near the town. It was known only from these type specimens for the next twenty-eight years, until finally in 1905, Mr. Robert Ridgway in company with the eminent Costa Rican ornithologists, Sefiores Zele- don and Alfaro, discovered its habitat and secured about a dozen speci- mens at Pigres on the Pacific coast not far from Puntarenas. They found it in the mangroves along the salt-estuaries at that point. Mr. C. H. Lankester secured a single male at Palo Verde on the Tempisque River in 1906, but saw no others. I believe this bird was taken in the mangroves also. In 1907, when I made atrip to the Teér- raba region, I determined to put forth every effort to secure the bird, and hunted carefully in the mangroves at Puntarenas for it without result. However, I was more fortunate at the mouth of the Rio Grande de Térraba, where I found it fairly abundant in one small spot in the mangroves along one of the branches of the delta of that river, and was enabled to secure a splendid series of both males and females. ‘These specimens have been distributed among various museums in this country and in Europe, so that this bird, so long unknown and rare, is now fairly well known. CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. 526 Its range very probably extends from the head of the Gulf of Nicoya southward along the Pacific coast to some point in Chiriqui, the region of greatest abundance very likely being in the region of the delta of the Rio Grande de Térraba. It apparently never leaves the man- groves which line the brackish estuaries so abundant in places along the Pacific coast, or at least never goes far from them. At the time I took the specimens at Coronado ( July 3 and g, 1907) they were feed- ing upon the blossom of a vine growing in the mangroves. I took specimens of the plant, but they were unfortunately lost, so that it could not be identified, but it has a purplish flower,. having the shape of a small Convolvielus. 238. Agyrtria amabilis amabilis (Gould). Trochilus ( ?) amabitlis GOULD, P. Z. S., E851, 115. Damophila amabilis LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 128 (Pacuare [J. Carmiol]). — RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, 319 (Costa Rica). — BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 71 (San Carlos). Polyerata amabilis SALVIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 237 (Costa Rica [Endres]). — SALVIN and GopMaAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 310, part (Costa Rica to Ecuador). Agyritria amabilis HARTERT, Tierr., 1900, 48 (Costa Rica to Ecuador). U.S. Nat. Museum: Bonilla (Ridgway and Zeled6n) (Basulto), Jim- emez’(Cherrie). Bangs Collection: Jiménez and Talamanca (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Guacimo. Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker and Crawford); Guapiles, El Hogar (Carriker). Ten skins. This is a common species over the whole of the Caribbean lowlands, but does not go higher than 1,500 feet above sea-level, and is most abundant below 800 feet. It is partially, but not wholly, a woodland species, feeding on the blossoms of the ‘‘ Wild Plantain’’ in the forest with true forest species and also spending much of its time in the open woodland, about isolated trees in pastures, etc. It is greatly attracted by the flowers of the so-called ‘‘ Guava’’ tree, where they are always to be found if any are in the vicinity. 239. Agyrtria amabilis decora (Salvin). Polyerata decora SALVIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 238 (Volcan de Chiriqui and Bugaba, Panama [Arcé]). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.- Am., Aves, II, 1892, 311 (Chiriqui [Arcé]). 526 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Damophila amabilis ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 122 (Pozé Azul de Pirris). Polyerata amabilis CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 25 (Lagarto and Boruca). Agyrtria decora HARTERT, Tierr., 1900, 48 (Chiriqui). — Banecs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 295 (El Pézo, Boruca, and Paso Real de Térraba [Underwood]). U. S. Nat. Museum: Rio Turubales (Ridgway), Pozo Azul de Pirris (Zeledon ). Bangs Collection: Pdzo Azul de Pirris (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: P6zo Azul de Pirris, El Pozo, Boruca de Térraba (Carriker). Nineteen skins. The differences between this form and the preceding, 4. amadzhs, are so slight that they cannot be claimed to be specific. In this form the bill is shghtly longer, the glittering feathers of the crown extend a trifle farther backward, and the blue of the throat is of a slightly different shade. Its Costa Rican range is confined to the southwestern portion of the Pacific lowlands, probably about as far north as Puntarenas. It is most abundant in the lower Térraba Valley. Its habits are precisely the same as those of the preceding form. 240. Saucerottia cyanura impatiens Bangs. Saucerottia cyanura impatiens BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIX, 1906, 104 (type and only specimen, ¢, San Pedro del Mojén, Oct., 1904, Underwood). It is not remarkable that a form of this Nicaraguan species should be found in Costa Rica, but it must certainly be a very rare bird, since no others have been taken since. It is easily recognized by the chestnut-brown color of the secondaries. 241. Saucerottia sophie (Bourcier and Mulsant). Trochilus sophie BOURCIER & MULSANT, Ann. Sc. Phys. et Nat., IX, 1846, 318. Saucerottia sophie LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 127 (San José and Dota [J. Carmiol]). — Boucarp, P. Z. S., 1878, 71 (San José and Cartago). — HARTERT, Tierr., 1900, 53 (Costa Rica). — BANcs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 295 (Barranca de Puntarenas [Underwood]). Hemithylaca hoffmanni CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1862, 163 (San José [Hoffmann]). Amazilia sophie RIDGWAY, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, 319 (Costa Rica). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 122 (San José). — CHERRIE, Auk, IX, 1892, 325 (San José, tolerably common). — SALvVIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 224 (Bebedéro and Tucurriqui [Arcé]). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 203 (Las Cruces de Candelaria [Zeled6n, in U. S. Nat. Mus.]). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 442 (Miravalles and Bebedéro). CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. ee U. S. Nat. Museum : Rio Turubales, San José, Pigres, Monte Redondo (Ridgway); San José (Cherrie); Bebedéro and Escazt (Under- wood); Bonilla (Zeledon). Bangs Collection: San José, San Pedro del Mojén, and Escazti (Un- derwood). Carnegie Museum: Escazui, La Hondura, Miravalles, Bagaces, Bebe- déro, Esparta (Carriker). Thirty-four skins. _ This species ranges over the whole of the central and northern por- tion of the plateau region, down to about 2,000 feet above sea-level (occasionally) on the Caribbean slope and over the whole of the Pacific slope and lowlands from the mouth of the Rio Grande de Tarcoles northward to Nicaragua. I did not see it in the Térraba Valley nor are there any records for it at Pozo Azul de Pirris. Like all the Costa Rican species of the genus, this bird frequents the open, seldom, if ever, penetrating any distance into the forest, and when it does so it is only in open woodland. It is more often seen in isolated clumps of trees, shrubbery, etc. It is also very fond of the blossoms of the ‘‘ Guava’’ tree. I found it to be most abundant at Esparta and Miravalles. 242. Saucerottia cyanifrons alfaroana (Underwood). Amazilia alfaroana UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 441 (Volcan de Miravalles). Saucerotiia alfaroana HARTERT, Tierr., 1900, 53 (Volcan de Miravalles). While discussing the status of several species of hummingbirds with Mr. Bangs, he showed mea letter from M. Eugene Simon in which he stated that he had seen the type of Amazilia alfaroana Underwood at the British Museum and that the bird had been poorly described, in fact it had been compared with Saucerottia sophie while it was most nearly related to S. cyanifrons of Colombia, from which it differed but slightly. He wrote as follows: ‘‘j’aietudié au British Museum le type unique. I] a eté mal décrit par Underwood et Salvin, car il est tres voisin de S. cyanifrons Bourc. et Muls., sans doute une forme septentrionelle de eette espéce:7” Wishing further particulars in the matter I wrote to M. Simon re- questing additional information concerning the type, if he could give it to me, and received the following reply: ‘‘ C’est a tort que O. Sal- vin a comparé cet oiseau aS. sophie car il est beaucoup plus voisin de S. cyanifrons. Ise différe cependant par la téte d’ un bleu ver- 528 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. datre peu brillante (bleu violet foncé chez S. cyanifrons). Les supra- caudales cuivré-rougeatre (noires comme les rectrices et tres finement bordés de bronze chez .S. cyanifrons). Le dessous du corps d’un vert doré plus jaune, le bec plus longe, 20.5 mm. (chez S. cyantfrons de 16 am] many.) Therefore it is very evident that Amazzla alfaroana Underwood is a northern race of Saucerottia cyanifrons Bourc. & Muls., from which it is to be distinguished by the crown being dark greenish-blue instead of violet-blue ; the upper tail-coverts dark reddish instead of blackish with narrow borders of bronze; by the under parts being yellowish golden-green ; and by its longer bill (20.5 instead of 16 to 17 mm.). 243. Saucerottia niveoventer (Gould). Trochilus (—-———?) niveoventer GOULD, P. Z. S., 1850, 164 (David, Chiriqui). Amazilia niveiventris RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, 319 (Costa Rica). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 122 (Costa Rica). — SALVIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 221 (Costa Rica). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 302 (Costa Rica [fide Gould] Talamanca [Zeledé6n, in U. S. Nat. Mus.]). Saucerottia niveoventery HARTERT, Tierr., 1900, 54 (Costa Rica and Panama). — Bancs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 295 (Boruca [Underwood]). Carnegie Museum: Boruca and Buenos Aires de Térraba (Carriker). Twenty-three skins. This handsome species is confined to the extreme southwestern por- tion of Costa Rica, in other words the Térraba Valley, and is even rare in the upper part of that region. It is very abundant at Boruca, and is evidently common from there southward through the Pacific slope of Chiriqui. They are attracted in great numbers by the flowers of the ‘‘ Guava’’ tree, of which there are considerable numbers in the village of Boruca, p'anted there by the Indians years ago. C. F. Underwood collected over one hundred specimens in Boruca in 1906, yet when I was there the following year they were still very common. Where the birds spend the time while the guava trees are not in blossom I do not know, but very likely in the scrub and second- growth so common in that region. 244. Amizilis tzacatl dubusi (Bourcier and Mulsant). Trochilus dubusi BOURCIER & MULSANT in Ann. Soc. Agric. Lyon, ser. 2, v. 4, TAN: Amazilia riefferi CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1 (Buenos Aires); Auk, IX, 1892, 325 (San José, the most abundant species). — SALVIN, Cat. Birds | 1 | CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF COSTA RICA. 529 Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 216 (Orési [Kramer], Iraza [Rogers], Tucurriqui [Arcé]). — SALVIN and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 300 (Tala- manca [Zeledén, in U. S. Nat. Mus.]. — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 44 (Boruca). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 442 (Miravalles and Bagaces). Pyrrhophena riefferti LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 127 (San José and Angostura [J. Carmiol], Cartago [Cooper]).— FRANtTzIUs, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 317 (vicinity of San José). — BOuUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 71 (San José and Cartago, common). Pyrrhophena dubusi CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1862, 163 (San José [Hoffman and Frantzius}). Amazilia fuscicaudata RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, 318 (Costa Rica). — NUTTING, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 398 (La Palma de Nicoya). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 122 (San José and Naranjo de Cartago). — RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 517 (Rio Frio). Amizilis fuscicaudata OBERHOLSER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, 208 (critical). Amizilis tzacail RICHMOND, Auk, XVI, 1899, 324 (critical). U. S. Nat. Museum: Bonilla and Pigres (Ridgway and Zeledon) (Basulto), Santa Maria de Dota (Basulto), Turrialba (Ridgway ) ; San José, Escazu, Isla de Uva, and Boca Matina (Cherrie), Jiménez (Verrill). Bangs Collection ; San José, Pézo Aztl de Pirris, San Pedro del Mojon (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection ; Cachi. Carnegie Museum : Guapiles, Esparta, Escazu, Pozo Azul de Pirris, Miravalles, Boruca, El Hogar, Juan Vifias (Carriker). Twenty- three skins. This is by far the commonest hummingbird in Costa Rica, being found from sea-level on both coasts up to not less than 6,000 feet. While it is decidedly a bird of the open country, I have taken it feed- ing upon ‘‘ Wild Plantain’’ in the forest, but have never seen it in abundance in such localities. ‘They prefer isolated groves, trees, and orchards, and are very fond of feeding at the blossoms of all the citrus fruits as well as the guava. I have found the nest in various situations, such as rose bushes near a house, a small shrub in an orchard, and on a spray of bamboo beside the road. All nests observed were made of vegetable down, some- times with a little moss and always covered on the outside with lichens. The eggs are white, of the usual shape, and average about 13 X 9 mm. When the orange-trees are in bloom, they come in great numbers, 530 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. feeding at the flowers and perching on the trees, and will drive away every other species of hummingbird which may come to feed. Inever saw so small a creature exhibit such apparent rage as they do on some occasions. 244. Amizilis cinnamomea (Lesson). Ornismya cinnamomea LESSON, Rev. Zool., 1842, 175. Amazilia cinnamomea SALVIN, Ibis, 1870, 115 (Costa Rica); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 207 (Costa Rica, [Carmiol]). — BoucarpD, P. Z. S., 1878, 71 (San Mateo and Puntarenas). — ZELEDON, An, Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 122 (C. R.). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 293 (Mexico to Costa Rica). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 441 (Miravalies). — HARTERT, Tierr., 1900, 61 (Mexico to Costa Rica). Amizilis cinnamomea OBERHOLSER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, 207 (critical) — BANGS, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 295 (Barranca de Puntarenas [Un- derwood]). U.S. Nat. Museum : Santo Domingo de San Mateo (Ridgway), San Lucas (Cherrie and Alfaro). | Bangs Collection; Miravalles and Bebedéro (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection ; Alajuéla and Bebedéro. Carnegie Museum ; Bebedeéro, Esparta, Bagaces, Miravalles (Carriker). Ten skins. The range of the present species is rather restricted in Costa Rica, it being confined entirely to the Pacific lowlands of the northwestern portion of the country, in fact the only places from which we have records of its occurrence are those situated around the upper portion of the Gulf of Nicoya and up the Valley of the Tempisque River. I does not go higher than about 1,500 feet, occasionally being taken at San Mateo and in the surrounding district. The bird is seldom met with in any other situation than very open woodland, bushy pastures, and second-growth scrub, as a rule perching not very high above the ground. 246. Hylocharis elicie (Bourcier and Mulsant). Trochilus elici@ BOURCIER and MULSANT, Ann. Sc. Phys. et Nat. Lyon, I X, 314. Chrysuronia elicie LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 128 (Costa Rica [Endres]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 122 (C. R.). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 44 (Lagarto and Boruca). — SALVIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 251 (Costa Rica [Endres]). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 311 (Guatemala to Panama). IHylocharis elicie HARTERT, Tierr., 1900, 68 (Guatemala to Panama). — BANGs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 295 (Boruca and El Pézo de Térraba [Underwood]). i ee CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF COSTA RICA. 531 U. S. Nat. Museum: Rio Turubales, Pigres (Ridgway). Bangs Collection: Pézo Aztl de Pirris and San Pedro del Mojoén (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Miravalles. Carnegie Museum: Boruca, Miravalles, El] Pézo de Térraba (Carriker). Twelve skins. With the exception of a single record from San Pedro, near San José, all the records and available specimens of this handsome little species are from the Pacific coast region, covering the whole length of the country. It is scarce at very low altitudes, preferring an eleva- tion of between 1,000 and 2,000 feet, and is most abundant in the Térraba Valley, where it is attracted in considerable numbers to the ‘‘ guava’’ trees, which are in blossom from about the middle of June to the end of July. 247. Chlorostilbon caniveti salvini (Cabanis and Heine). Chlorolampis salvini CABANIS & HEINE, Mus. Hein., III, 48 (Costa Rica). — CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1863, 164 (C. R.). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 128 (San José [J. Carmiol]). Chlorostilbon caniveti BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 71 (San José and Cartago). — RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, 320 (Costa Rica). — SALVIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 46, part (C. R. [Endres], Tucurriqui [Arcé], C. R. [Gould Coll.]). — SALvIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am. Aves, II, 1892, 263, part (Cartago [Cooper, in U. S. Nat. Mus.]). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 441 (Miravalles). Chlorostilbon salvint ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 122 (Liberia and San José). — CHERRIE, Auk, IX, 1892, 325 (San José). Chlorostilbon osberti salvini RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 501 (San José [Nutting]). Chlorostilbon angustipennis RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, 320 (Costa Rica). — VON BERLEPSCH, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XI, 1888, 564 (Cartago [Cooper]). — CHERRIE, Auk, I X, 1892, 325 (San José). Chlorostilbon caniveti salvint HARTERT, Tierr., 1900, 75 (Costa Rica). U.S. Nat. Museum: Sabanilla and Alajuéla (Alfaro), Monte Redondo (Zeled6én). Bangs Collection: Rancho Redondo, San José, Escazi, San Pedro del Mojon, Dota Mts. (Underwood). ©-9t1, ankester Collection : Cachi. Carnegie Museum; Bagaces and La Estrella de Cartago (Carriker). Two skins. There has been a great deal of confusion about the name of the 532 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Chlorostilbon inhabiting the highlands and northwestern Pacific coast region of Costa Rica, but after carefully examining a large amount of materia], I have reached the conclusion that but one form is found there, which must be known as a subspecies of the Mexican bird, C. camivett. ‘The difference between Costa Rican and Mexican birds is very obvious and constant. This bird frequents shrubbery, the edges of the forest, and second-growth scrub, and is nowhere very abundant. It is not found on the Caribbean watershed, except at points above 2,000 feet, apparently not liking the excessive humidity. It spreads over the entire portion of the central highlands and the Pacific coast region of Nicoya and Guanacaste, but in southwestern Costa Rica it is replaced by the succeeding species. 248. Chlorostilbon assimilis Lawrence. Chlorostilbon assimilis LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VII, 292 (Lion Hill, Panama [M’ Leannan]). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 44 (Boruca). ~— SALVIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 54 (Chiriqui and Panama). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 265 (Chiriqui and Panama). — HARTERT, Tierr., I900, 76 (Panama). — BANGS, Auk, X XIV. 1907, 295 (Boruca). Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia: Dota Mountains (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Boruca and Buenos Aires de Térraba (Carriker). Four skins. Lawrence records this species from Cartago, but I cannot think that he was right, although it is possible that it may have straggled that far up. Its Costa Rican range seems to be confined to the southwestern Pacific coast region, embracing the Térraba Valley and a part of the Dota Mountains. I saw numerous individuals in the hills above Boruca and around Buenos Aires, always in the second-growth scrub or in the shrubbery around the borders of the ‘‘ sabanas.’’ 249. Panterpe insignis Cabanis and Heine. Panter pe insignis CABANIS and HEINE., Mus. Hein., III, 43.— CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1862, 164 (San José [Hoffman]).— LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 124 (La Candelaria [Frantzius], Irazi [Cooper]). — FRANTzIUuUsS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 316 (Iraztii [Cooper]). — Boucarp, P. Z. S., 1878, 71 (Irazi). — RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, 317 (Costa Rica). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 122 (Faldas de Irazi).— SALvIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 158 (Volcan de Cartago [Arcé]). — SAL- VIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 283 (Costa Rica and Chiriqui). — HARTERT, Tierr., 1900, 82 (Costa Rica and Chiriqui). — BANGs, PARpRIRER « List Or THn, Binns’ or Costa Rica. 533 Proc. N. Eng. Zool. Club, 1908, 25 (Volcan de Irazi, Dec. 8, 1906, ¢ —melan- istic individual [Underwood]). U. S. Nat. Museum: Volcan de Turrialba (Ridgway and Zeledon), Volcan de Poas and Coliblanco (Ridgway), Las Vueltas de Dota (Basulto). Bangs Collection: Irazi (Underwood). ier. Lankester Collection: Volcans de Irazi, Poas, and Turrialba. Carnegie Museum: Volcans de Irazi and Turrialba and Ujurras de Térraba (Carriker). This handsome species is confined to the high mountains of Costa Rica and Chiriqui, rarely being found below 6,000 feet, and most abundantly on the high volcanoes just below timber-line. It is exclu- sively a bird of the forest, preferring the most humid conditions. 250. Thalurania colombica venusta (Gould). Ornismya colombica BOURCIER, Ann. Soc. Phys. et Nat. Lyon, VI, t. 6 (Colom bia). Thalurania venusta, GOULD, P. Z. S., 1852, 9 (Chiriqui). — LAWRENCE, Ann- Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 122 (Angostura [J. Carmiol], Tucurriqui[ Zeledén]). — FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 315 (Angostura and Tucurriqui). Thalurania colombica BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 69 (San Carlos and Juan Vifas). —Ruipeway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, 313 (Costa Rica). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de. C. R., I, 1887, 121 (Naranjo de Cartago, Jiménez). — SALVIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 79, part (Tucurriqui). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 266 (Costa Rica). — HARTERT, Tierr., 1900, 86, part (Middle America). Thalurania columbica venusta BANGS, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 296 (Boruca, El Pézo and Barranca de Térraba (Underwood). U.S. Nat. Museum: Bonilla and Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeledon) (Basulto). Bangs Collection: Carrillo, Cariblanco, Pozo Azul (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection : Cariblanco de Sarapiqui, Banana River. Carnegie Museum: Guapiles and Volcan de Turrialba, 2,000 feet (Carriker & Crawford) ; Pozo Azul de Pirris, Rio Sicsola, Cuabre, El] Pozo de ‘Térraba, Boruca, Tucurriqui, El Hogar, Ciruélas, Guacimo (Carriker). Thirty-eight skins. I quite agree with Mr. Bangs in setting up Cabanis’ name for the birds of this species from Costa Rica and Chiriqui, as, while the differences are small, they are quite constant (in adult birds). Costa Rican birds show much more blue on the back than specimens from Santa Marta; the rump is darker and the tail deeper purple. The 934. ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Or Costa Rican females may be distinguished by the much greater amount of green and dusky on the breast and abdomen. The bird is found over the whole of the lowlands of both the Car- ibbean and Pacific slopes, and even extends up to 3,000 feet or more on the eastern slope. It appears to be more abundant ih southern Costa Rica (on both sides) than in the north, although it is quite numerous | in the Santa Clara Valley (Caribbean). It is a bird of the forest, scarcely ever leaving it, and feeds extensively on the flowers of the ‘* wild plantain.’’ 251. Eupherusa egregia Sclater and Salvin. Eupherusa egregia SCLATER & SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1868, 389 (Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama).— LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 146 (critical). — BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 71 (Navarro). — RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, 318 (Costa Rica). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 122 (Cervantes de Cartago). — SALVIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 73 (Costa Rica [Carmiol and Endres]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.- Am., Aves, II, 1892, 272 (Costa Rica and Chiriqui). — HARTERT, Tierr., 1900 89 (Costa Rica and Panama). Eupherusa eximia LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 127 (Cervantes and Barranca [J. Carmiol]). U. S. Nat. Museum ; Santa Maria de Dota (Basulto), Irazu (Lizano). Bangs Collection ; Azahar de Cartago and Barba ( Underwood). Fleming Collection ; Dota Mountains (Underwood). Carnegie Museum; Juan Vifias and Ujurras de Térraba (Carriker). Five skins, Restricted to the higher portions of the Caribbean slope and the high mountains of southwestern Costa Rica, where humid conditions are found similar to those present on the Caribbean slope. I found them at Juan Vifias in May, feeding on the blossoms of a mountain species of ‘‘wild plantain.’’ It is entirely a woodland bird, rarely coming to the edge of the forest to feed on the flowers there. It is not a common bird even in the most favored localities and one not always taken by collectors. 252. Elvira nigriventris (Lawrence). Eupherusa nigriventris LAWRENCE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 232 (Costa Rica [Endres]); Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 127 (C. R. [Endres]).— SALVIN and GopMan, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, Pl. LVII, fig. 3 ($), 4 (@). Callipharus nigriventris RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, 318 (Costa Rica). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 122 (Naranjo de Car- CARRIKER: LIST OF THE Birps oF CosTA RICA.: 535 tago). — SALVIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 67 (Costa Rica [Carmiol and Endres]). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 270 (Cervantes [Cooper], Peorsnada [Zeled6n, in U. S. Nat. Mus.]). Elvira nigriventris HARTERT, Tierr., 1900, 90 (Costa Rica and Veragua). U. S. Nat. Museum ; Coliblanco (Ridgway), Bonilla (Basulto). Bangs Collection ; La Hondura and Cariblanco de Sarapiqui ( Under- wood ). Carnegie Museum: La Hondura (Carriker). One male. The range of this species extends over the Caribbean slope from an altitude of about 2,000 to 4,000 feet, but it is never a common bird. It is always found in or near the forest, coming out to feed along the edges like the preceding species. 253. Elvira chionura (Gould). Trochilus (Thaumatias ?) chionura GOULD, P. Z. S., 1850, 162. Eupherusa chionura LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 127 (Dota [J Carmiol]). Eupherusa niveicauda LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VIII, 1865, 134 (Dota [J. Carmiol]). Elvira chionura RipGway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, 318 (Costa Rica). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I. 1887, 122 (Costa Rica). — SALVIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 74 (Costa Rica [Carmiol]).— SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 273 (Costa Rica and Chiriqui). = HARTERT, Tierr., 1900, 90 (Costa Rica and Panama). — BANGs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 296 (Boruca). U.S. Nat. Museum: La Lagunaria and Santa Maria de Dota ( Basulto). I did not meet with this species and know nothing about its habitat more than that it has been collected in Costa Rica in the Dota Mountains, probably extending from there down through Chiriqui. It probably has about the same range as does Hupherusa egregta on the Pacific slope. 254. Elvira cupreiceps (Lawrence). Eupherusa cupreiceps LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VIII, 1866, 348 (Barranca [J. Carmiol]); IX, 1868, 127 (Barranca [J. Carmiol]). Elvira cupreiceps R1ipGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, 318 (Costa Rica). — BOucarbD, P. Z.S., 1878, 71 (Juan Vifias).—SaLvIn, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 75 (Tucurriqui [Arcé], Costa Rica [Endres, Carmiol]). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 273 (Barranca [Zeled6n, in U. S. Nat. Mus.]). — HartTert, Tierr., 1900, 91 (Costa Rica). U.S. Nat. Museum: Bonilla (Basulto). Bangs Collection : Cariblanco de Sarapiqui (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection : Juan Vifias and Cariblanco de Sarapiqui. 536 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. This species is confined entirely to Costa Rica and thus far has been taken only on the Caribbean watershed between the altitudes of about 1,500 and 3,000 feet. The type of the species, however, was described by Lawrence from a specimen labelled Barranca. I do not believe this could have been the Barranca near Puntarenas, but rather the locality where Frantzius collected, and which he describes as having a cool climate, and which is very likely some point on the slopes of the Volcanoes Poas or Barba. On the Pacific side of the country this species is replaced by the preceding, &. chionura, and, while it is possible that the type was collected at Barranca de Puntarenas, it is not at all probable, since conditions are so different there. 255. Chalybura melanorrhoa Salvin. Chalybura melanorrhoa SALVIN, P..Z. S., 1864, 584 (Tucurriqui [Arcé]). — Law- RENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 122 (Angostura and Pacuare [J. Carmiol]). — Ripeway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, 311 (Costa Rica). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887 (Jiménez). — HARTERT, Tierr., 1900, 93 (Costa Rica and Nicaragua). Hypuroptila melanorrhoa SALVIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 90 (Tucur- riqui and Turrialba [Arcé]). — SALVIN and GOpDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 276 (Talamanca [Zeledén, in U. S. Nat. Mus.]). Chalybura carmioli LAWRENCE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1865, 37 (Angostura [J. Carmiol]). U.S. Nat. Museum : Bonilla (Ridgway) (Basulto), Jiménez (Alfaro). Bangs Collection: La Junta, Juan Vifias, Tucurriqui (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection ; Siquirres. Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford); Cuabre, El Hogar, Rio Sicsola (Carriker). Twenty-three skins. This species is found only on the Caribbean lowlands, ranging from Chiriqui northward into Nicaragua and at an elevation of from sea-level up to 2,000 feet, but most abundantly in the lowlands, below 1,000 feet. It isan inhabitant of the dense forest, being also greatly attracted by the flowers of the ‘‘ wild plantain.’’ I found them very abundant in the extreme southeastern part of Costa Rica, along the Sicsola river, where one would expect to get C. zsaure@ also, but although I collected a large series of them there, no specimen of C. ¢saur@ was taken. >) (ds) ~I CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF Costa RICA. 256. Chalybura isaure (Gould). Hypuroplila isaure GOuLD, P. Z. S., 1861, 199 (Boca del Toro, Panama, fide Verreaux).— SALVIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 89 (Panama). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 275 (Talamanca, C. R. [Zeled6n, in U. S. Nat. Museum]). Chalybura isaure LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 122 (Boca del Toro, Panama). — RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, 311 (Costa Rica, specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus.). — HARTERT, Tierr., 1900, 92 (Panama). Authority for placing this species on the Costa Rican lists rests en- tirely upon the specimens in the U. S. National Museum, collected by Zeledon in Talamanca, as recorded by Mr. Ridgway (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., III, 311) and cited by Salvin and Godman (Biologia, 276). It is ndét at all improbable that it might be taken in the extreme southeastern portion of the country, since the type came from Boca del Toro, which is only about twelve miles from Costa Rican territory. The bird is exceedingly rare throughout its entire range, except in Chiriqui, and would be easily overlooked. 257. Colibri delphinz (Lesson). Ornismya delphine LESSON, Rev. Zool., 1839, 44. Petasophora delphine SALVIN, Ibis, 1869, 319 (Costa Rica [J. Carmiol]). — SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1870, 837 (C. R. [J. Carmiol]). — SaLvin, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 111 (C. R. [Carmiol)]. — SALvIn and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 282 (Guatemala to S. A.). Colibri delphine HARTERT, Tierr., 1900, 93 (Guatemala to S. A.). — BANGs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 296 (Boruca, one & [Underwood]). U.S. Nat. Museum: Bonilla (Basulto). Bangs Collection: San Pedro del Mojén and Escazt (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Cachi. Carnegie Museum: Escazt and Miravalles (Carriker). Three skins. A common bird in a few localities, probably most so in the vicinity of San Pedro del Mojon, where Underwood has taken many specimens. Its Costa Rican range seems to cover the greater portion of the country, specimens having been collected on the Pacific coast lowlands at northern and southern points, in the interior or plateau region, and on the Caribbean slope down to at least 1,500 feet above sea-level. It frequents open woodland, isolated trees, shrubbery, etc., its habits being much like those of the genera Amuzzzlts or Floricola. 538 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 258. Colibri cyanotus cabanidis (Heine). Petasophora cabanidis HEINE, Jour. fiir Orn., 1863, 182. Petasophora cabanisi LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., I X, 1868, 126 (name proposed for Costa Rican form of P. cyanotus). Petasophora cyanotis CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1863, 162 (C. R. [Frantzius]). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., I X, 1868, 125 (Barranca and Dota [J. Carmiol], Cartago [Cooper]). — FRANTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 317 (Slopes of Irazu, Los Tabacales, Cartago, and Dota Mts.).— BouCcARD, P. Z.S., 1878, 69 (Volcan de Irazii, 8000 feet, common). — RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, 311 (Costa Rica); V, 1882, 500 (San José [Nutting]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 121 (Faldas de Irazii). — SALVIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 110 (Orési [Kramer], Irazi [Rogers]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 282 (Las Cruces de Candelaria [Zeled6n]). Colibri cyanotus HARTERT, Tierr., 1900, 94 (Costa Rica into S. A.). Petasophora cyanotus cabanidis BANGS, Proc. N. Eng. Zool. Club, III, 1902, 30 (Chiriqui). U. S. Nat. Museum: Volcan de Turrialba (Ridgway and Zeled6n), San Juan de Irazi (Ridgway), El Copey de Dota (Basulto), La Estrella de Cartago and Volcan de Irazt (Cherrie). Bangs Collection: ta Candelaria, Volcan de Irazu, Escazu (Under- wood). Carnegie Museum: Volcan de Irazu, Volcan de Turrialba, La Estrella de Cartago (Carriker). Eight skins. Mr. Bangs tells me that he and Mr. Ridgway went very carefully over a large series of specimens from South America, Costa Rica, and Chiriqui, and that the birds from the latter two regions are quite dis- tinct from the South American and Mexican specimens, as has been pointed out both by Cabanis and Lawrence, but not recognized by writers since that time. Confined to the mountains of the interior, rising above the general level of the central plateau, that is from about 5,000 feet up to timber- line on the volcanoes. It is generally confined to the forests, but is also abundant in the pastures among the scattered trees and in the shrubbery along the edges of the forest. 259. Anthracothorax prevosti prevosti (Lesson). Trochilus prevosti LESSON, Hist. Nat. Col., 87, pl. 24. Lampornis prevosti LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 121 (Gulf of Nicoya [Coll. O. Salvin]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 121 (C. R.). — SALVIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 98 (Bebedéro [Arcé], C. R. [Endres]). — SALVIN and GopMaAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 278 (Mex- CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. 539 ico to Venezuela). — RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 517 (San Carlos, rather common).— HarTeErT, Tierr., 1900, 98 (Mexico to Venezuela). U. S. Nat. Museum; Rio Turubales (Ridgway). Bangs Collection ; San Pedro del Mojén, Bebedéro (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection : Bagaces. Carnegie Museum : Bebedéro (Carriker). One male. Rather a rare bird in Costa Rica, apparently confined almost entirely to the region about the shores of the Gulf of Nicoya, although Under- wood took at least one specimen at San Pedro near San José, while Richmond reports it fairly abundant about San Carlos, near the eastern end of Lake Nicaragua. I know nothing of interest concern- ing its habits or habitat, although I believe it does not go into the forest, frequenting the gardens, hedgerows, road-sides, etc. 260. Eugenes spectabilis (Lawrence). Heliomaster spectabilis LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VIII, 1867, 472 (Costa Rica [Garcia]). Eugenes spectabilis LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 121 (Rancho Re- dondo [J. Carmiol]). — Savin, Ibis, 1869, 316 (C. R.). — FRANTzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 315 (C. R.). — BoucarD, P. Z. S., 1878, 68 (Volcan de Irazit, rare). — RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, 312 (Costa Rica). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 121 (Faldas de Irazi). — Savin, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 304 (Irazti [Rogers & Arcé], Costa Rica [Carmiol & Endres]). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 330 (Costa Rica). — HarTErT, Tierr., 1900, 113 (Costa Rica). U. S. Nat. Museum; Volcan de Turrialba and Coliblanco (Ridgway ), .San Juan de Irazt (Ridgway and Alfaro) (Cherrie), Burgos de Irazu (Castro). Bangs Collection: Volcan de Irazi and El Cerro de Candelaria (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection ; Volcanoes de Irazi and Poas. Carnegie Museum; Escazt, Volcan de Turrialba, and Ujarras de Tér- raba (Carriker). Six skins. This handsome large species is confined entirely to the forests of the high mountains above 6,000 feet, although I believe a few stragglers have been taken as low as 5,000 feet. It is fond of wet forests, and Is usually-to be found along little mountain creeks and ills, I found it fairly common in the high mountains of southern Costa Rica, at about 8,000 feet, but the forest there was so dense and so choked with undergrowth, ferns, bamboo, and moss, that collecting was very difficult. 540 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 261. Cceligena hemileuca (Salvin). Oreopyra hemileuca SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1864, 584 (Tucurriqui and Turrialba [Arcé]). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 125 (citation of Salvin’s record). — FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 316 (Candelaria and Rancho Redondo). — BoucarpD, P. Z. S., 1878, 69 (Juan Vifias, very rare). Celigena hemileuca ELLiIoT, Synop. Troch., 31. — RimpGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, 310 (Costa Rica). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 121 (Naranjo de Cartago). — HARTERT, Tierr., 1900, 115 (Costa Rica). Delattria hemileuca SALVIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 311 (Turrialba and Tucurriqui [Arcé]). — SALVIN and GoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 337 (Costa Rica [Endres, Zeled6n, and Alfaro, in U. S. Nat. Mus.]). Bangs Collection: La Hondura and Cariblanco de Sarapiqui (Under- wood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui. Carnegie Museum: La Hondura and Juan Vifias (Carriker). Two skins. This species is confined entirely to Costa Rica and occupies the higher portions of the Caribbean watershed in the more northerly part of the country, that is between about 2,000 and 4,000 feet above sea-level. It isnot a species of the forest, strictly speaking, but frequents scattered trees in pastures, coffee-plantations, the edges of the forest, etc. It is very fond of the flowers of the *‘ guava 7%) tree: 262. Oreopyra cinereicauda Lawrence. Oreopyra cinereicauda LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VIII, 1867, 485; IX, 1868, 125 (Garcia Collection, no locality). — Boucarp, P. Z. S., 1878, 68 (Nav4rro, rare). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 121 (C. R.). — SALVIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 307) Costa Rica [Carmiol]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 333 (Costa Rica). Oreopyra leucaspis cinereicauda HARTERT, Tierr., 1900, 117 (Costa Rica). U.S. Nat. Museum: El] Copey, Las Vueltas, Los Reyes, La Lagu- naria and Santa Maria de Dota, thirty-three specimens (Basulto). Bangs Collection ; Dota Mountains (Underwood). Carnegie Museum : Escazt, two o'; Ujurras de Térraba, ten specimens (Carriker). | There is no question that O. cineretcauda is a very distinct species and not at all subspecifically related to /ewcaspis, as given by Hartert Gierrs,2 a9): It is confined to the southwestern portion of Costa Rica and north- western Chiriqui, inhabiting only the higher altitudes, probably not CARRIKER:; -LIST CF THE BIRDS OF CosTa RICA. 54] below 6,000 feet. Basulto found it very abundant in the Dota Moun- tains, and in fact almost all the specimens of the species which have been collected have come from that region, Boucard taking but one bird at Navarro, which lies southeast of Cartago. I found it fairly common near the tops of the mountains above Ujurras de Térraba. It is strictly an inhabitant of forests, seldom, if ever, leaving the cool dark depths of the moisture-laden jungles of that region. 263. Oreopyra castaneiventris calolema (Salvin). Oreopyra calolema SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1864, 584 (Volcan de Cartago [Arcé]). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 125 (Rancho Redondo [J. Carmiol.], Las Cruces de Candelaria (Zeled6n]). — FRANTZzIUus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 316 (La Candelaria). — Boucarp, P. Z. S., 1878, 69 (Juan Vifias, Navarro, Rancho Redondo). — R1mpGway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, 310 (Costa Rica); V, 1882, 500 (San José, purchased [Nutting]). — SALvin, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 307 (Vol. de Irazii [Rogers and Arcé]). — SALVIN and GopDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 333 (Peorsnada and Las Cruces de Candelaria [Zeledén]). — HarTeErt, Tierr., 1900, 117 (Costa Rica and western Andes from Panama). Oreopyra venusta LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VIII, 1867, 484 (Garcia Collection from.C. R.). Anthocephala castaneiventris LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 124 (La Candelaria [Frantzius], San José [J. Carmiol], Irazi [Cooper]). — FRANTzIUs, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 316 (Rancho Redondo). Panterpe insignis LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VIII, 1866, 45 (female of O. c. calolema described as the female of P. insignis). Oreopyra pectoralis SALVIN, Ann. & Mag. of N. H., VI; 1801, 377 (Costa Rica {[Endres]); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 308 and 664 (Costa Rica {[Endres]). Oreopyra calolema pectoralis HARTERT, Tierr., 1900, 117 (Costa Rica). Oreopyra castaneiventris calolema BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIX, 1906, 105 (critical). U. S. Nat. Museum: Coliblanco (Ridgway and Zeledon), El Copéy de Dota (Basulto), Irazt (Alfaro), Cartago (Alfaro). Bangs Collection: Azahar de Cartago, Volcan de Irazt, Candelaria Mts., Escazu (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Vara Blanca de Sarapiqui. Carnegie Museum: Escazu, five o' and one 2 ; La Hondura, two J and one @ ; Juan Vifias, one Y (Carriker). ‘Ten skins. The genus Oreopyra has always been a puzzling one, and many attempts have been made to straighten out the status of the different species, with more or less success, but the arrangement made by Mr. 542 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. O. Bangs (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIX, 1906, 105) seems to me to best represent the real state of affairs. MM. Eugene Simon also says that he agrees with this same arrangement, except that he recognizes O. pectoralis as a good species, to which neither Mr. Bangs nor I can agree. As Mr. Bangs says, O. leucaspis is antedated by O. castaneiventris Gould, and O. calolema is clearly only subspecifically distinct from it, true castaneiventris being restricted to Chiriqui. As to O. pectoralis, | believe that the few specimens which have been taken (certainly not more than four or five males, the females not entering into the question at all, being indistinguishable from females of O. calolema) and called that, are nothing more than peculiar cases of partial melanism in O. ca/olema, or rather one of those peculiar color aberrations which are so frequent in humming- birds. Very few specimens have ever been taken. It occurs in the same districts as Q. calolema, and is so rare that such inde- fatigable collectors as Zeledon, Cherrie, Alfaro and Underwood have never taken it. In view of all these facts I do not think it can be | considered as a normal form. It is a well-known fact that in feathers having a structure similar to that found in hummingbirds and other groups where brilliant metallic tints are present, the color of the feather is not due to pigments, but to physical structure, causing it to absorb all the colors of the spectrum except that which it reflects, and that the slightest derangement of this structure following certain lines will cause the feather to lose its bright metallic sheen and appear dull black. A ‘striking case in point is a specimen in the collection of Mr. Bangs, that of a melanistic individ- ual of Panterpe insignis. ‘This bird still retains the ‘‘ color pattern ’’ of the normal bird, but the brilliant, glowing metallic sheens which are so much in evidence in that species have been entirely lost, and the whole bird has a very dull, sooty-black appearance, slightly pur- plish in some lights. This bird was taken among numerous normal individuals, and its color can be attributed to no cause other than that stated above. O. castaneiventris calolema is found throughout the highlands of central and northern Costa Rica, from about 3,000 feet upwards, but does not extend into the southern part of the country, its place there seeming to be taken by its near relative O. cineretzcauda, It isa bird of the forest, but also frequents open woodland, scattering trees in pastures, etc., and I do not think it would be found in dense unbroken forest far from any clearing as is O. cinereicauda. PCOARRIKER: LAIST OF THE BIRDS OF COSTA RICA. 543 .264. Heliodoxa jacula henryi Lawrence. Heliodoxa henryi LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VIII, 1867, 403 (Angostura, June 15, 1864, 9; Tuis, Mar. 14, 1866, & [J. Carmiol]). Heliodoxa jacula LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 122 (Angostura and Tuis [J. Carmiol]). — Boucarp, P. Z. S., 1878, 69 (Juan Vifias and Irazt). — RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, 312 (Costa Rica). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 121 (Birris de Cartago). — SALVIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 319, part (Tucurriqui [Arcé], C. R. [Carmiol and Endres]). — SALvVINand GopMaAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 339. part (Talamanca [Zeled6n, in U.,S. Nat. Mus.]). Heliodoxa jacula henryi HARTERT, Tierr., 1900, 123 (Costa Rica and Panama), U.S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeledon), Coliblanco and Bonilla (Ridgway), Los Reyes de Dota (Basulto). Bangs Collection; Volcan de Irazu, Cariblanco de Sarapiqui, San Pedro del Mojon (Underwood). Fleming Collection ; La Hondura, Cariblanco de Sarapiqui and Car- rillo (Underwood). Carnegie Museum ; Volcan de Turrialba, 2,000 feet (Carriker & Craw- ford); Volcan de Irazui, La Hondura, Juan Vifias (Carriker). Ten skins. This northern or Central American race ot Hfeliodoxa jacula occu- pies in Costa Rica the Caribbean slope from about 1,000 to 4,000 feet, being most abundant between 2,000 and 3,000 feet. It is occasion- ally taken in the San José Valley and we have one record for the Dota Mountains, where conditions are very similar to those on the Carib- bean watershed. It is a semi-woodland species, sometimes found in dense forest, at other times in the open. 265. Heliothrix barroti (Bourcier and Mulsant). Trochilus barroti BOURCIER & MULSANT, Rev. Zool., 1843, 72. Heliothrix barrott Gray, Gen. Birds, I, 115. — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 125 (Angostura and Cervantes [J. Carmiol]).—RipGway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, 316 (Costa Rica). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 122 (C. R.). — SALVIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 32 (Tucur- riqui [Arce]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 251 (Tucurriqui [Zeled6n]). — HarTERT, Tierr., 1900, 187 (Guatemala to Ecua- dor). — Bancs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 296 (Paso Real de Térraba [Underwood]). U. S. Nat. Museum: Bonilla (Ridgway). Bangs Collection; Carrillo, Jiménez, and Pézo Aztl (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Cariblanco. Carnegie Museum; Pdzo Azul, La Hondura, Carrillo, Tucurriqui (Carriker). Six skins. 544 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. This beautiful species, which has a wide geographical -distribution elsewhere, also has a wide range in Costa Rica. It is found over the entire Caribbean lowlands and slopes up to at least 4,000 feet, and throughout the Pacific lowlands, but does not ascend on that side to more than 1,000 or 1,500 feet above sea-level. It is most abundant on the Caribbean side between 1,000 and 2,500 feet, frequents only the heavy forests, and as a rule feeds among the tree-tops, on flowering vines and parasitic orchids. It is, as a rule, very shy and difficult to shoot, being rapid in movement and keeping well up among the trees. 266. Floricola superba superba (G. Shaw). Oiseau-Mouche 4 long Bec AUDEBERT & VIEILLOT, Ois. dor., I, 1802, 128, pl. 59. Trochilus superbus G. SHAW (& NODDER), Nat. Miscel., XIII, pl. 517. Heliomaster longirostris SALVIN, Ibis, 1869, 316 (Costa Rica). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 126 (Costa Rica [Enrique Arcé], Coll. O. Salvin.). — Ripcway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, 313 (Costa Rica). Floricola longirostris ELLIOT, Syn. Troch., 83. — SALVIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 229 (no Costa Rican specimens). — SALVIN and GopMaN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 304 (Bebedéro and Tucurriqui [Arcé]; C. R. ref- erences). — CHERRIE, Auk, IX, 1802, 324 (San José); Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 45 (Boruca and Térraba). Heliomaster sclateri LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 126 (San José [Frantzius], Angostura [J. Carmiol]). Heliomaster pallidiceps, LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 126 (Gulf of Nicoya [Arcé], Coll. O. Salvin). Floricola superba (typica) HARTERT, Tierr., 1900, 192 (Central America south to the Amazons). — BANGs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 296 (Boruca, Paso Real, and Barranca [Underwood]). Bangs Collection: San Pedro, Cerro de Candelaria, Pozo Aztl de Pirris, San José (Underwood). C. Hi. Lankester Collection: Cachw: Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford), Escazu, La Hondura, El P6zo de Térraba, Boruca (Carriker). Eleven skins. Costa Rican specimens of /”. superba show no signs of the bright green crown of /. superba pallidiceps as found in Mexican specimens, the crown being brilliant blue of almost the same shade as is found in birds from Santa Marta. ‘There is a slight tendency to a paler shade of blue than in typical swperda, but again some Costa Rican birds have as vivid a blue crown as the southern specimens. ‘There is a tendency in a few birds towards a lilac-tinged throat, and a paler crown, which may be a slight intergradation between /. superba and F. palliadiceps, CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. 545 or it may be only a case of aberrancy. All specimens with such a tendency are slightly immature birds, with the bright crown- and throat-feathers only partially assumed, and it may be that with the full development of these feathers they assume the normal shade of color. This species is found over the Caribbean lowlands, the plateau region, and southwestern Costa Rica, from P6zo Azul southward. It is particularly abundant in the Teérraba Valley, where it feeds on the flowers of the ‘‘ guava’’ tree in company with Saucerrottia nivetventris and others. It is difficult to secure males in full plumage, nearly all birds secured lacking some or all of the brilliant feathers of the throat or crown. It is not a bird of the forests, but lives in scattered trees, along rivers and roadsides. It is a very swift flyer, even' for a hum- mingbird, and as a rule feeds high up. 267. Floricola constanti constanti (Delattre). Ornismya constantii DELATTRE, Echo du Monde Savant, 1843, 1069. Heliomaster constanti CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1862, 165 (C. R. [Frantzius]).— LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 126 (C. R. [J. Carmiol, Frantzius]). — FRANTZzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 317 (vicinity of San José). Floricola constants ELLIOT, Syn. Troch., 84. — Boucarp, P. Z.S., 1878, 69 (San José). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 121 (San José). — SALVIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 231 (Bebedéro [Arcé]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am. Aves, II, 1892, 306 [Tempate [Arcé]). — CHERRIE, Auk, IX, 1892, 324 (San José). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 442 (Miravalles). — HARTERT, Tierr., 1900, 193 (Costa Rica to Guatemala). U. S. Nat. Museum ;: San José and San Pedro del Mojon (Alfaro). Bangs Collection ; San José and San Pedro del Mojon (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection ; Miravalles, Bebedéro, Alajuéla. Carnegie Museum ; Bebedéro, Bagaces, Miravalles (Carriker). Nine specimens. This Florzcola seems to be confined to the region of the central plateau and Guanacaste, from the Tempisque River up to about 2,000 feet on the Volcan de Miravalles. I have never seen it in the Carib- bean lowlands, nor in the southwestern part of the Pacific lowlands, where it is replaced by / superba superba. Like the other species of the genus, it keeps more to the open, in gardens and pastures. 268. Calliphlox bryante (Lawrence). Doricha bryante LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VIII, 1867, 483 (Costa Rica [J. Carmiol]); IX, 1868, 123 (Dota [J. Carmiol], Las Cruces de Candelaria [Zeled6n]). — FRANTzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 316 (C. R.). — Boucarp, P. 546 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Z.S., 1878, 70 (San José and Volcan de Irazi). — R1pGway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, 315 (Costa Rica). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 122 (El Naranjo de Cartago). — SALVIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 384 (Costa Rica [Endres and Carmiol]). — SALVIN and GoODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am. Aves, II, 1892, 347 (Costa Rica and Panama). Calliphlox bryante HARTERT, Tierr., 1900, 198 (Costa Rica and Panama). U.S. Nat. Museum; Volcan de Irazi (Lizano). Bangs Collection: Volcan de Irazui, Escazi, and San Pedro del Mojon (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection ;"Cachir. Carnegie Museum: Volcan de Irazu (Carriker). Three skins. This bird is rather closely related to, and has the habits of Se/as- phorus, ranging over the higher portions of the plateau region, and up the volcanoes to almost timber-line. It is most abundant, however, from about 4,000 to 6,000 feet, frequenting shrubbery, the edges of forests, bushy pastures, and roadsides, and usually keeps near the ground. 269. Trochilus colubris Linnzus. Trochilus colubris LINN&UuS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 120. — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 123 (Las Cruces de Candelaria [Zeledén]). — FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 315 (La Candelaria, November).—BOuCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 70 (San José, one — rare). — RIDGWAY, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, 314 (Costa Rica). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de’ C. R., I, 1887, 121 (C. R.). — SaLvin, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 399 (Bebedéro [Arcé], C. R. [Gould Coll.]).— SaLvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 357 (C. R. references). — CHERRIE, Auk, I X, 1892, 324 (San José, very rare visitant). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 442 (Bagaces). — HARTERT, Tierr., I900, 201 (Mexico to Veragua in winter). U.S. Nat. Museum: Santo Domingo de San Mateo, Feb. (Alfaro). Bangs Collection: San Pedro del Mojon, October, 1897, 1899, 1904 and 1906, seven specimens (Underwood ). Carnegie Museum: Juan Vifias, March 17 and 18, 1902, two cd’; Volcan de iraza, April 45 r902, co juv. (Carmiker): The Ruby-throated Hummingbird is probably a regular, though rare, winter visitant in Costa Rica, arriving sometime in October and probably leaving the latter part of March or first week in April. It does not descend into the Caribbean lowlands, but keeps to the plateau region and Guanacaste, in the northwestern part of the country. Its habits while there seem to be the same as in the north. CeRRIRER® LIST OF THE BIRDS oF CosTA RICA. 547 Genus SELASPHORUS. The Central American members of this genus have been in a very unsatisfactory condition for some time, owing to lack of material and perpetuated errors. While preparing this paper I asked M. Eugene Simon to give me his opinion upon the status of several of the species, which he has very kindly done, including all of the Central American species. M. Simon is well qualified to straighten out this tangle, not only on account of his long study of the Zvochiiide, but from the large amount of material in his own collection and in the British Museum, to which he has had access. The arrangement of the species here given follows that which he has furnished me. 270. Selasphorus flammula flammula Salvin. Selasphorus flammula SAtvin, P. Z. S., 1864, 586 (Volcan de Irazi [Arcé]).— LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868 (Irazi [Arcé]). — FRANTzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn. 1869, 315 (Los Tabacales, La Candelaria). — Boucarp, P. Z. S., 1878, 70 (summit of Volcan de Irazi). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 121 (C. R.). — SALVIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 398 (Volcan de Irazii [Arcé]). —SALVIN and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 357 (Irazi and Rancho Redondo [Zeled6n. in U. S. Nat. Mus.]).— HARTERT, Tierr., 1900, 205 (high mts. of Costa Rica). . Selasphorus flammea, RiDGWAyY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 497 (Iraza [Nutting]). U. S. Nat. Museum: Volcan de Turrialba (Ridgway and Zeled6n), San Juan de Irazt (Ridgway), Volcan de Irazti (Cherrie) (Lizano). Bangs Collection: Volcan de Irazt (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Volcan de Irazu and Turrialba. Carnegie Museum; Volcan de Irazti and Turrialba (Carriker). Five skins. This is a very distinct and easily recognized species, which is found only on the highest mountains of central Costa Rica. There are many of them among the stunted scrub found above timber-line on the volcanoes, this being the only species occurring in any numbers at so high an altitude in Costa Rica. 271. Selasphorus flammula torridus (Salvin). Selasphorus torridus SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1870, 208 (Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama [Arcé]). — RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VI, 1883, 415 (Costa Rica, ¢ and Q [Van Patten coll.]); VII, 1884, 14 (C. R. [Van Patten]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 122 (Volcan de Irazi, three). — SALVIN, 548 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 395 (Volcan de Chiriqui [Arcé]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am. Aves, II, 1892, 354 (Volcanoes de Irazii and Chiriqui). — HARTERT, Tierr., 1900, 206 (Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama). Bangs Collection: Volcan de Irazu, two, ¢, 2; Dota Mts., & juv. (Underwood). M. Simon says of this form that it is absolutely the same as S. Jlammula with the single exception of the color of the throat, and should be considered only a subspecies of that form. ‘*.S. forridus Salv. ne differe absolument de S. flammu/a que par la teinte de la gorge et il serait mieux de le considerer comme subspecies.”’ I have never seen any males from the Volcan de Chiriqui, only females in Mr. Bangs’ collection, but it seems quite probable that all of the birds there might be of this form. The fact that specimens of the variety S. £ ¢orridus have been taken on Irazti in company with true S. fammula is rather hard to explain, providing one recognizes S. torridus as a subspecies of S. flammu/a. It is possible that the birds from Irazu are faded or stained specimens of fammudla, while those occurring farther south are true fovvzdus. ‘The young male from the Dota mountains is undoubtably true zov77dus, for the lilac feathers are just coming out and are the proper color for forvv7dus. A good series of males from the Volcan de Chiriqui would clear up this ques- tion quite thoroughly. The bird is found only at high altitudes, usually at or above timber- line. 272. Selasphorus scintilla (Gould). Trochilus (Selasphorus) scintilla GOULD, P. Z. S., 1850, 162 (Volcan de Chiriqui). Selasphorus scintilla GouLD, Mon. Troch., III, t. 138 (May, 1852).— CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1862, 165 (Costa Rica, Frantzius).— LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 123 (Barranca [F. Carmiol], Cervantes [J. Carmiol], Las Cruces de Candelaria [Zeledén]). — FRANTzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 315 (Los Tabacales, Irazi, and Candelaria).— BoucarpD, P. Z. S., 1878, 70 (Car- tago and Volcan de Irazi). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 121 (C. R.). — SALVIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 395 (Irazi [Rogers], Barranca [Carmiol], Tucurriqui [Arcé]). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.- Am., Aves, II, 1892, 353 (C. R. references). — HARTERT, Tierr., 1900, 206 (Costa Rica and Panama). U.S. Nat. Museum: Coliblanco and Volcan de Turrialba (Ridgway ), El] Copey, La Lagunaria, San Lucas, and Santa Maria de Dota (Basulto). Bangs Collection; Escazi, San Pedro del Mojon, Cerro de Candelaria ( Underwood). CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BrrDs OF CosTA RICA. 549 Carnegie Museum: Escazi, La Hondura, La Estrella de Cartago, Ujurras de Térraba, Juan Vifias (Carriker). Ten skins. This is the common and most abundant species of Se/asphorus in Costa Rica, found almost everywhere over the central plateau above 3,500 or 4,000 feet, and up to the summits of the high volcanoes, where it mingles with S. flammu/la. Its habits are about the same, keeping in the low trees and shrubbery, buzzing about like a big bumblebee, and darting from one flower to another ; and, when tired, perching on a tiny twig in the same bush with the flowers upon which they are feeding, or near by it. 273. Selasphorus underwoodi Salvin. Selasphorus underwoodi SALVIN, Ibis, 1897, 441 (Volcan de Irazii [Underwood)); Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, Vol. VI, p. xxxviii. M. Simon says of this species: ‘‘ Je ne posséde pas S. uwuderwoodt Salvin, mais j’ai vu a Londres le type decrit par Salvin, envoyé par Underwood du Volcan de Irazu, et un autre < de la collection Roths- child a Tring. Cette espece est tout-a-fait proche de S. sczztz//a, mais tres différente de S. ardens. Elle différe seulement de S. sezntel/a par les rectrices medianes a bande noire mediane beaucoup plus large, les rectrices externes noir-violatre dans leur moitié externe, rousses dans interne, mais avec une longue tache SUE ane noir-violatre, aussi la gorge rouge-orangée un peu moins brillante.’ When Salvin described this bird he compared it with S. ardens, from which it is quite different, greatly resembling |S. scznte//a, from which it differs only in the color of the tail and a different shade of color on the throat. In S. scimt//a the middle rectrices have a nar- row median stripe of violet-black, with the outer rectrices without any of this color on the outer web. In S. underwood the median stripe on the middle rectrices is broader (about twice the width) and the median portion of the outer web of the outer rectrices has a patch of the same color as the inner web; the color of the gorget is a little more bril- liant orange-red. Mr. Bangs and myself have examined a large series of males of 5S. sciniilla, and while there were none of them exactly as the type of S. underwood, there were several specimens approaching it, having the median stripe on the middle rectrices broader, and with an indi- cation of the patch on the outer web of the outer rectrices. Considering these facts I do not believe S. uuderwoodi to be any- ® 550 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. thing more than an extreme variation in the tail-markings of S. sczn- tilla. Ordinary specimens of scznti//a exhibit a great range of shade in the color of the gorget, so that this character is of little value. Hav- ing never seen the type of S. wxderwoodt, | do not feel justified in reducing the species toa synonym of sczzt//a, but I believe that further investigation will prove it to be such." 274. Selasphorus simoni sp. nov. Selasphorus ardens RipGway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, 314 (Costa Rica) (2); VI, 1883, 415 (Costa Rica, ¢ [Van Patten Coll.]); VII, 1884, 14 (see antea.). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 356, part (Volcan de Péas [Alfaro], and Las Cruces de Candelaria [Zeled6n, in Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.]). Selas phorus underwoodi HARTERT, Tierr., 1900, 206. Bangs Collection: Volcan de Barba (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Volcan de Poas. Type, No. 16879, Coll. E. A. & O. Bangs, collected= bya ee Underwood, Volcan de Barba, Costa Rica, Oct., goo. Similar to S. ardens of Panama, but differing in the following char- acters: ‘The rusty-red edging of the middle rectrices is much nar- rower, the bill is shorter, and the under tail-coverts are cinnamon- ochraceous instead of white, slightly edged with pale fawn-color. Sal- vin gives the measurements of S. ardens as: wing, 38; tail, 29; bill, 16 mm. - Seven males of S. s¢mon¢ average: wing, 40; tail, 28 ; bill; 1077, mam: M. Simon says of |S. s¢moni ‘*.S. ardens Salvin est tout-a fait distinct et différe de toutes les autres par les sous-coudales longues, blanches, un peu teintées de fauve pale au disque. Ce caractére important n’a pas été indiqué par Salvin, parceque les oiseaux d’Arcé n’ont pas de ventre ni de sous-caudales. ‘¢Enfin une autre espéce qui a été répandue partout sous le nom de SS. ardens par Underwood a été indiquée par Hartert sous le nom de S. underwood (non Salvin), elle se trouve seulement a Barba.’’ Thus it will be seen that the bird which in Costa Rica has long been known under the name of S. ardens is not that form at all, but has been without a name up to now. M. Simon has very courteously ' Having had occasion to look into the matter I discover that in the series of ten specimens collected by Mr. Carriker, and listed under No. 272 as S. scintilla, there are several which agree absolutely with the diagnosis of S. uwnderwoodi Salvin, as given above by Mons. Simon.— W. J. Holland. ¢ 4 | 7 | CARPRIKER® LIST OF THE BIRDS OF ‘CosTA RICA. 551 advised me of this fact after investigating the matter, and I have accordingly named the new form in his honor. SS. stmoni seems to be fairly common on the Volcan de Barba and has also been taken occasionally in other localities. Its altitudinal range seems to be the same as that of S. flammu/a, or perhaps a trifle lower. 275. Klais guimeti (Bourcier and Mulsant). Trochilus guimett BOURCIER & MULSANT, Ann. Soc. Phys. et Nat., VI, 38, t. 2. Klais guimeti LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 145 (Costa Rica [Endres]). — BoucarbD, P. Z.S., 1878, 69 (Navarro). — R1IpGway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, 317 (Costa Rica). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 122 (Navarro de Cartago). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 45 (Boruca and Térraba). — SALVIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 359 (Costa Rica [Endres]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 343 (Navarro [Cooper, in U. S. Nat. Mus.]). Clais guimeti HARTERT, Tierr., I900, 214 (Central and Northern South America). — Bancs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 296 (Boruca [Underwood)]). U.S. Nat. Museum: Bonilla (Basulto) (Ridgway and Zeled6n). Bangs Collection: San Pedro del Mojon, Carrillo (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford) ; Carrillo, Mira- valles, Buenos Aires de Terraba (Carriker). Six skins. This species is pretty well distributed over Costa Rica, although not common as high up as the central plateau region, Underwood’s birds from San Pedro being the only record for that altitude. On the Car- ibbean slope it ranges from about 1,200 feet up to 3,000 or a little higher, and on the Pacific side I only know of it having been taken at Miravalles (1,500 feet) and in the Térraba Valley (1,000 to 1,500). It is altogether a woodland species, not at all conspicuous, and prob- ably not abundant anywhere. 276. Microchera parvirostris (Lawrence). Panychlora parvirostris LAWRENCE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1865, 39 (Angostura [J. Carmiol]). Microchera parvirostris SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1867, 154 (Tucurriqui [Arcé]). — LAw- RENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 122 (Angostura [J. Carmiol]). — FRANT- Zs, jous: ftir:'Orn., 1860, 315 (C. R.). — Boucarpn, P. Z. S.,.1878, 69 (C. R. — very rare). — RipGway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, 314 (Angostura); VI, 1883, 415 (Rio Sticio, Cooper). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 122 (Rio Sicio). — SALVIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 67 (Tucurriqui [Arcé], Valsa [Carmiol]). — SALVIN and Gopman, Biol. Centr.- Am., Aves, II, 1892, 269 (Nicaragua and Costa Rica). — HARTERT, Tierr., 1900, 216 (Nicaragua and Costa Rica). bbz ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Microchera albocoronata LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 122 (Capt. J. M. Dow, fide S. F. Baird). U.S. Nat. Museum: Bonilla (Ridgway, Zeledon, and Alfaro). Bangs Collection; Carrillo (Underwood). Carnegie Museum; Volcan de Turrialba, 2,000 feet (Carriker & Crawford); Carrillo (Carriker). Three skins. This handsome little species, one of the smallest of the family, is found only on the Caribbean watershed, between the altitudes of about 1,000 and 3,000 feet, but is probably most abundant at about 1,500 feet. It is also a woodland species, feeding rather high up in the trees and is not often seen. I found a nest in the hills above Guapiles in March, 1908, but the eggs were broken while endeavoring to secure it. It was a tiny little thing, built on a small knot on the side of a slender vine, hanging from a large tree. The female was secured. 277. Lophornis delattrii (Lesson). Ornismya (Lophornis) delattrii LESSON, Rev. Zool., 1839, I9. Lophornis delattrii GOULD, Mon. Troch., III, t. 121 (Sept., 1861). — SALVIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 423 (Panama and Colombia). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol.Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 363 (Panama to Peru). — HARTERT, Tierr., 1900, 218 (Panama to Ecuador). — BANGs, Proc. N. Eng. Zool. Club, IV, 1908, 26 (6 juv., San Pedro, Oct., 1900; 2 ¢’s, San Pedro, Oct. eco [Underwood]). The specimens recorded above by Mr. Bangs are the first and only records for the taking of this species in Costa Rica, which is evidently out of its real range. It can hardly be more than a straggler in Costa Rica, and may not be taken again for a long time. 278. Lophornis helene (Delattre). Ornismya helene DELATTRE, Echo du Monde Savant, 1843, 1068 (Peten (?), Guatemala). Lophornis helene GOULD, Mon. Troch., III, t. 123 (Sept., 1855). — SALVIN, Ibis, 1869, 319 (Tucurriqui [Arcé]). — (?) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 145 (C. R. [Endres]). — SALvIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 425 (Turrialba and Tucurriqui [Arcé]). —SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 364 (El Naranjo [Zeledén, in U. S. Nat. Mus.]). — HARTERT, Tierr., 1900, 219 (Southern Mexico to Costa Rica). Paphosia helene BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 70 (San Carlos). U. S. Nat. Museum: Bonilla (Ridgway) (Basulto), Guayabo (Ridg- way and Zeledon). — — CARRIKER: GIST OF THE BrRDS oF iCosTa RICA. 5d3 Bangs Collection: Guayabal, Cachi, San Pedro, Las Pavas (Under- wood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui. Carnegie Museum: Juan Vifias, o' and 2 (Carriker). This exquisite little bird is found in Costa Rica only on the Carib- bean slope from 1,000 feet up to perhaps 4,000 feet, but is never very abundant in any locality. They are fond of feeding at the blossoms of orange-trees. 279. Lophornis adorabilis Salvin. Lophornis adorabilis SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1870, 207 (Volcan de Chiriqui). — ZELE- DON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 122 (San José). — RipGway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XI, 1888, 542 (San José [Zeled6n]). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 45 (Boruca, common); Auk, I X, 1892, 424 (San José, a single specimen by Zeled6n). — SALVIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 425 (Chiriqui).— SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 365 (Costa Rica and Panama). — HARTERT, Tierr., 1900, 219 (Volcan de Chiriqui and Costa Rica). — BANncs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 296 (Boruca [Underwood]). U. S. Nat. Museum: Monte Redondo (Zeled6n). Bangs Collection; San Pedro, Escazu, and Pozo Azul de Pirris ( Under- wood). Carnegie Museum; Juan Vifias (Carriker). One male. This Lophornis occupies a higher portion of the country than the preceding, although their ranges overlap on the upper part of the Caribbean slope. It is found sparingly over the central plateau region and in the southwestern Pacific lowlands, that is, in the hills surround- ing Boruca (1,500 feet). It is perhaps more abundant there than anywhere else in the country, or was before Underwood made his trip in 1906, when heseems to have nearly wiped it out, for I saw none the following year. It is always attracted to the flowers of the ‘‘ guava’’ tree when any are near. 280. Popelairea conversi conversi (Bourcier and Mulsant). Trochilus conversti BOURCIER & MULSANT, Ann. Sc. Phys. et Nat. Lyon, IX, 313 (Colombia). Gouldia conversi LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 123 (Tucurriqui [Arcé, Coll. O. Salvin]).— Sarvin, P. Z. S., 1867, 154 (Tucurriqui [Arcé]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 122 (C. R.). Prymnacantha conversi, SALVIN, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 430 (Tucur- riqui [Arcé], Angostura [Carmiol]).— SALVIN and GopMaAn, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 366 (Naranjo de Cartago [Zeled6én, in U. S. Nat. Mus.]). 554 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Popelaria conversi RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, 315 (Costa Rica). Popelairea conversi (typica) HARTERT, Tierr., 1900, 223 (Costa Rica to Colombia). U. S. Nat. Museum ; Bonilla (Ridgway) (Basulto). Bangs Collection: La Hondura, Carrillo, Cariblanco de Sarapiqui (Underwood). C..H. Wankester Collection = Gaehi: The Costa Rican range of this beautiful species is confined to the Caribbean slope, where it inhabits the cool, damp forests between an altitude of about 1,000 and 3,000 feet. The bird has been taken more abundantly at Carrillo than at any other place, although not a common bird there by any means. It is perhaps present in southeastern Costa Rica, although I have never observed it there. | { ; Family TROGONID. KEY TO THE COSTA RICAN SPECIES. I. g¢ and @ with at least a portion of the abdomen and under tail-coverts red or reddish. a. Two cential rectrices bronzy-green, greatly elongated. Pharomacrus mocinno costaricensis, 3. aa. Two central rectrices not greatly elongated. b. Upper parts bright metallic-green or bluish, with or without bronzy shading. c. Upper parts mostly purplish-blue, mixed with some green on the back; chest dull purplish-black; exposed portion of three outer rectrices pure white. Trogon bairdi, @. cc. Upper parts green or bronzy-green. d. Size large (wing and tail equal, seldom less than 160 mm.); tail plain-colored, or, if barred, bars very narrow, form- ing mere lines: no white line between green of chest and red of breast. e. Tail plain sooty-gray. Trogon massena, 3° ee. Tail sooty-black, regularly barred with fine white lines (about 4 mm. apart) on most of three outer rectrices. Trogon clathratus, 6. dd. Size small (wing not more than 130; tail 140 mm.); green of chest separated from red of breast by a white band; tail black, barred narrowly with white. e. Red of lower parts deep rich vermilion. f. Three outer rectrices tipped with white, with the remainder of visible portion evenly, and very finely, barred with black and white. Trogon elegans, @. ff. Three outer rectrices black, without white tips and with narrow white bars far apart. Trogon puella, @. CARRIKER IST) OFTHE BIRDS: on CGosTA RICA, 555 ee. Red of lower parts pale orange. Trogon underwoodi, 3. bb. Upper parts never green, but either brown, or plain ashy-gray. c. Upper parts and breast plain ashy-gray. d. Size large, (wing not less than 160 mm.); red of belly deep scarlet; no white on outer edge of primaries. e. Tail plain sooty-gray below, without markings; no buffy edging to tertials. Trogon massena, @°. ee. Three outer rectrices tipped with white, and outer webs faintly blotched with white; tertials edged with buffy- ochraceous. Trogon clathratus, 2. dd. Size smaller (wing not more than 145 mm.); red of under parts dark orange; outer webs of primaries notched with white; outer rectrices tipped and barred with white on outer web. Trogon bairdi, 2. cc. Upper parts and breast brown, also two middle rectrices. d. Brown color dark and rich; red of belly rich vermilion. e. Tips and outer webs of three outer rectrices (with small portion of inner webs) grayish white, with barring. Trogon puella, Q. ee. White on three outer rectrices without admixture of gray, and with both webs of apical portion of feather crossed at intervals with narrow black bars. Trogon elegans, ©. dd. Brown color paler and grayer; belly pale orange. Trogon underwoodi, 2. II. g¢ and 9 without red on any portion of the body; belly yellow. a. Back and two central rectrices bronzy-green. b. Pileum and chest, as well as back, bronzy-green; three outer rectrices broadly tipped and closely barred with white. Trogon atricollis tenellus, g. bb. Pileum and throat black or blue-black; yellow of belly darker. c. Chest metallic blue-green; no blue on rump; three outer rec- trices broadly tipped and evenly barred on both webs with white. Trogon caligatus, 6. cc. Chest slaty-black, like throat and pileum; rump purplish-blue; three outer rectrices broadly tipped with white, but no bars. Trogon melanocephalus illetabilis, g. aa. Back and central rectrices either brown or ashy-gray, never green. b. Back and chest plain ashy. c. Wing coverts and tertials with wavy white bars; three outer rec- trices tipped and barred on outer web with white. Trogon caligatus, 2. cc. Coverts and tertials plain sooty-gray; three outer rectrices broadly tipped, but not barred, with white. Trogon melanocephalus illetabilis, 2. bb. Back and chest brown; coverts freckled with dusky and buffy-brown; three outer rectrices broadly tipped and barred on both webs with white. Trogon atricollis tenellus, 2. 556 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 281, Pharomacrus mocinno costaricensis Ridgway. Trogon pavoninus TEMMINCK, Pl. Col., 372 (nec Spix). Pharomacrus mocinno DE LA LLAVE, Regis. Trim., I, 1831, 48.— SALVADORI, Atti. R. Acc. Sc. Tor., 1868, 183 (Costa Rica [Durando]). — FRANtzt1us, Jour. fiir. Orn., 1869, 313 (slopes of Volcan de Irazi). — OGILVIE-GRANT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVII, 1892, 431 (Costa Rica [Carmiol], San José [Zeled6n]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1896, 481 (Guatemala to Chiriqui). Pharomacrus paradiseus CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1862, 175 (Costa Rica [Frant- zius & Hoffmann]). ‘ Pharomacrus costaricensis ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 120 (El Zarcéro de Alajuéla, La Palma de San José, Faldas de Irazi). Pharomacrus mocinno, var. costaricensis BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 48 (Volcan de Irazi, Navarro, La Candelaria, Juan Vifias, in fact all the mountains around San José and Cartago). Pharomacrus mocinno costaricensis RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 498 (Irazii [Nutting]). U. S. Nat. Museum; Volcan de Turrialba, Coliblanco (Ridgway and Zeled6n), Volcan de Poas (Zeled6n), San Juan de Irazt (Ridgway). Bangs Collection: Volcan de Irazi (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection; Volcan de Poas and Turrialba. Carnegie Museum; Escazi, La Hondura (Carriker); La Estrella de Cartago (Francesco Cooper Ulloa). Seven skins. The Quetzal, as it is known in its native countries, was formerly very abundant throughout the higher portion of the highlands of Costa Rica, being found almost anywhere above 5,000 feet and even lower down wherever forests were found. Now, however, it is not to be found in any numbers in any of the regions where it formerly abounded, except some of the most inaccessible portions of the high volcanoes. It has been hunted so assiduously by the native collectors, for sale to local taxidermists, that birds are now very hard to procure. At the beginning of the breeding season the males are quite noisy, some of the notes being very musical, while others are harsh and discordant. They never leave the dense humid forests in which they live, and feed almost entirely on fruits of various kinds, but are especially fond of that of the ‘‘ Hira,’’ a tree very abundant at higher altitudes. When feeding the birds usually pluck the fruit on the wing, darting about among the branches in a very graceful manner, never seeming to be bothered by their long tails, but at other times usually sit very quietly, only moving the head slightly now and then, and under such circumstances it 1s almost impossible to see them. CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS or Costa RICA. 557 282. Trogon elegans Gould. Trogon elegans GOULD, P. Z. S., 1824, 36 (Guatemala). — CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 536 (San Lucas, March, 1889 [Alfaro & Cherrie], first record for Costa Rica). — OGILVIE-GRANT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVII, 1892, 449 (no C. R. record). — SALVIN and GopMaAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1896, 489 (San Lucas [Cherrie & Alfaro]). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 144 (Bagaces). is, Nat. Museum : San Lucas (from Mus. Nac. de C. R.) Bangs Collection ; Bebedéro, 2; Bagaces, and ¢ (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection : Mojica, &. Carnegie Museum ; Bebedéro (Carriker). One female. This is the rarest and most locally distributed of all the Costa Rican trogons. ‘The only localities where it has thus far been taken are scat- tered around the shores of the Gulf of Nicoya and on the island of San Lucas, in the Gulf. I know nothing of note in regard to its habits, but presume they are similar to those of the other allied species of the genus. 283. Trogon puella Gould. Trogon puella GOULD, P. Z. S., 1845, 18 (Escuintla, Guatemala). — CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1862, 173 (Costa Rica [Frantzius]). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 118 (Dota and Tutrialba [J. Carmiol], San José [Frantzius]). — FRANTzIUus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 312 (Dota Mts. — most common trogon all the year in Candelaria and Dota Mts.). — Boucarp, P. Z. S., 1878, 48 (Navarro and La Candelaria Mts.).— ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 120 (Naranjo de Cartago and Turrialba). — OGILVIE-GRANT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVII, 1892, 452 (San Mateo [Cooper], Dota and Angostura (Carmiol], Turrialba [Arcé]). —SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1896, 491, part (Mexico to Panama). U.S. Nat. Museum ; Guayabo and Bonilla (Ridgway and Zeledoén), Coliblanco (Ridgway), El Copey and Santa Maria de Dota ( Basulto ). Bangs Collection ; Cedral de Escazt, Azahar de Cartago and Escazt (Underwood). Fleming Collection: Ja Candelaria and La Estrella de Cartago (Underwood). © 1. Lankester Collection ; Cachi. Carnegie Museum: Volcan de Irazu, La Hondura, Juan Vifias, Car- rillo, Las Mesas (Carriker) ; Volcan de Turrialba, 2,000 feet (Car- riker & Crawford) ; Tobdsi (Francesco Ulloa Cooper). Thirteen skins. 558 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. T. puella, the nearest relative in Costa Rica to 7. e/egans, is con- fined to the mountains of the central portion of the country, or rather to the main continental divide, but is not taken in the Aguacate Mountains or the highlands of the Guanacaste district, where it is re- placed by Z. aurantiiventris underwood. As a rule, it is not found below 3,000 feet, although a few straggle down lower (Carrillo and Volcan de Turrialba, 2,000 feet). It is to be found in the heavy forest as well as among scattered trees in pastures and open places. 284. Trogon aurantiiventris underwoodi (Bangs). Trogon aurantiiventris GOULD, P. Z. S., 1856, 107 (Chiriqui, Panama). — LAw- RENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 118 (Barranca [J. Carmiol]). — FRANT- zius, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 312 (San Mateo, Guaitil and San Juan de San José). — OGILVIE-GRANT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVII, 1892, 454 (Barranca [J. Carmiol]). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 444 (Miravalles). Trogon aurantiiventris SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 491, part. Trogon underwoodi BANGS, Proc. N. Eng. Zool. Club, IV, 1908, 24 (Volcan de Miravalles, Oct. 28, 1895 [Underwood]); Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., X XII, 1909, 30 (Tenorio, Cerro de Santa Maria [Underwood]). Carnegie Museum: Miravalles, Bagaces (Carriker). Nine skins. Trogon aurantitventris Gould, described from Chiriqui, is quite different from Costa Rican birds of the aurantiiventris type, as has been clearly pointed out by Mr. Bangs (see description of 7Z. umder- wood). ‘The Costa Rican birds are just about intermediate between T. puella and aurantiventris, exhibiting shades of color on the abdomen of varying intensity, but never as yellow (orange) as in aurantiventris oras red as in puella. Since the ranges of 7. underwood and 7. puel/a overlap to a considerable extent, it is obvious that wnder- wood has its nearest affinity in avrantiiventris rather than in pueda, being a northern race of the former. It is confined chiefly to the highlands of Nicoya and Guanacaste, the Aguacate Mountains and the western edge of the central plateau region, being found in company with 7. fwe//a in the latter section, but in small numbers, occurring much more abundantly in Guanacaste than in any other region. 285. Trogon atricollis tenellus (Cabanis). Trogon atricollis VIEILLOT, N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., VIII, 1817, 318. — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 120 (Las Trojas, Angostura, Pacuare). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 47 (Lagarto and Boruca). — CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BrirDs oF Costa RICA. 559 SALVIN and GoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1896, 493, part (C. R. refer- ences). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 444 (below Miravalles). Trogon tenellus CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1862, 173 (Costa Rica [Frantzius]). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 119 (Angostura, Guaitil, Pacuare and Barranca [J. Carmiol]). — FRANTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 312 (Costa Rica). — OGILVIE-GRANT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVII, 1892, 456 (Barranca and Angostura [Carmiol]). Trogon atricollis tenellus RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 513. — BANGS, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 294 (Boruca and El P6zo de Térraba [Underwood)). U. 5S. Nat. Museum: Pigres (Ridgway and Zeleddén), Bonilla (Zeledon). Bangs Collection; Juan Vifias, Pozo Azul de Pirris, Bebedéro, Tenorio, La Vijagua (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Pozo Aziti de Pirris, El Pozo de Térraba, Guacimo, Rio Sicsola, Miravalles, El Hogar, Cuabre (Carriker). Seventeen skins. With the exception of 7. cal/igatus, this is the most abundant and widely distributed member of the family in Costa Rica. It is found over the lowlands of both the Caribbean and Pacific from one end of the country to the other, and gets up to 2,000 or 3,000 feet in occa- sional instances. It is strictly a forest bird, not frequenting the open woodland and scattering trees as does 7. caligatus, but usually lurking in the thick, dark parts of the forest, and, as a rule, keeping rather near the ground. I found a nest of this species at El Pozo de Teérraba, June 21, 1907. It was in the hollow trunk of a small palm tree, broken off about five feet above the ground, and excavated for a distance of about ten inches. No nest was made beyond the small particles of decayed wood at the bottom of the cavity, upon which lay the eggs. The two eggs were fresh, white in color, slightly glossed, but not polished, and measured: eo 22 and 27x 21 mm. I have also seen the nest of this species made by digging out a cavity in an old termite nest. 286. Trogon bairdi Lawrence. Trogon bairdi LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 119 (San Mateo, April 1866 [J. Cooper]). — FRANTzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 313 (San Mateo only, rare). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 120 (P6zo Azul de Pirris and Las Trojas). — OGILVIE-GRANT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVII, 1892, 461 (Chiriqui only). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 47, (Palmar and Boruca).—SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1896, 560 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 496 (Costa Rica and Panama). — BAncs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 294 (Boruca and El Pézo de Térraba [Underwood]). Trogon clathratus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 119 (desc. of 2 of — T. bairdi, — San Mateo [Cooper]). — FRANTzIUs, Jour. fiir Orn. 1869, 313 © (San Mateo [Cooper]). U. S. Nat. Museum : Pigres (Ridgway and Zeledon). Bangs Collection : Pézo Aztl de Pirris and E] General de Térraba © (Underwood). ‘ Carnegie Museum; Pozo Azul de Pirris and El Pozo de Térraba (Carriker). Seven skins. This beautiful trogon is confined to the southwestern portion of Costa Rica, thence southward into Chiriqui. It has never been taken farther north than Pigres and San Mateo, where it is very rare, but becomes commoner southward, especially in the lower parts of the Térraba Valley. It does not usually go much above 1,000 feet above sea-level. It is a woodland species, with habits similar to the pre- ceding, although it is usually found higher up in the trees than any of the lowland species. 287. Trogon melanocephalus illetabilis Bangs. Trogon melanocephalus GOULD, Monogr. Trog., t. 12 (Tamaulipas, Mexico). — SALVIN, Ibis, 1870, 115 (Costa Rica [J. Carmiol]). — NutTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 400 (La Palma de Nicoya). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 120 (C. R.). — OGILVIE—GRANT, Cat: BirdssBrits Neues XVII, 1892, 462, part (Costa Rica [Carmiol]). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1896, 498, part (Costa Rica).— UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 444 (Miravalles and Bagaces). — BANGs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 294 (Barranca [Underwood]). Trogon melanocephalus illetabilis BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., X XII, 1909, 30 (type from Bolson, Dec. 25, 1908 [C. F. Underwood]). Bangs Collection ; Bebedéro (Underwood). Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia ; Miravalles (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Bagaces, Miravalles, Bebedéro (Carriker). Thirteen skins. Mr. Bangs has recently separated the Costa Rican 7. melanocephalus from the northern form on the color of the head and neck, which in the Mexican birds is pure black, while a large series of Costa Rican specimens shows it to be uniformly grayish to blackish slate-color. This species is confined entirely to the Nicoya peninsula and southern Guanacaste, no specimens as yet having been taken on the mainland side of the Gulf of Nicoya. Costa Rica is the southernmost CARRIKER: List OF THE BirpDs OF Costa Rica. 561 limit for the species, it having come down the Pacific lowlands from Nicaragua, and into the Nicoya peninsula. It has been reported in eastern Nicaragua, but I have never seen it in northeastern Costa Rica ; this, however, would be true me/anocephalus, the new form being con- fined to the Pacific slope of Nicaragua as well as Costa Rica. In habits it is very like Z. a¢ricollis, inhabiting the forest, rather low down in the trees, and not being at all shy like fwe//a or under- wood. 288. Trogon caligatus caligatus Gould. Trogon caligatus GOULD, Mon. Trog,, t. 7; ed. 2, t. 16. — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., 1X, 1868, 118 (San Mateo and Turrialba [Cooper], Birris and San Juan [Zeledén]). — NutTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 400 (La Palma de Nicoya). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 120 (Alajuéla, Las Trojas, San José, Naranjo de Cartago, Birris de Cartago, Cartago, Jiménez). CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 47 (Lagarto and Boruca). — OGILVIE-GRANT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVII, 1892, 465 (Angostura [Car- miol]). — SALVIN and GopMaAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1896, 500 (C. R. references). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 444 (Miravalles). — Bancs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 294 (Boruca, Barranca de Térraba and Barranca de Puntarenas [Underwood]). Trogon concinnus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N.Y. LX, 1868, 110 (San Juan [Zele- dén]). — FrAntztius, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 312 (San Mateo, Guaitil, and San Juan de San José). U. S. Nat. Museum: Bonilla and Guaydbo (Ridgway and Zeledon ) (Basulto). | Bangs Collection : Tenorio, Bolson, Juan Vifias (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection ; Cachi. Carnegie Museum ; Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford) ; Pézo Azul de Pirris, Juan Vifias, Guacimo, Miravalles, El Hogar, Bebedeéro, Esparta, Boruca, Rio Sicsola, and Buenos Aires de Térraba (Car- riker). Twenty-seven skins. Costa Rican birds compared with specimens from Guatemala and British Honduras are indistinguishable. This is the most abundant and widely spread of all the trogons of Costa Rica, ranging over practically the whole of the country up to nearly 4,000 feet, but always more abundant at lower altitudes, that is, below 2,000 feet on the Caribbean slope and below 1,000 feet on the Pacific. It is found in the forest as well as in open woodlands and isolated clumps of trees, but is perhaps more partial to wooded pastures and other similar localities. It is usually quite tame and easily approached. 562 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 289. Trogon massena Gould. Trogon massena GOULD, Mon. Trog., ed. 1, 1838, pl. 17. — CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1862, 174 (in the high mountain forests [Hoffmann]). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 119 (Angostura [J. Carmiol], Tucurriqui [Zele- ~ dén]). — FRANTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 313 (C. R.— found only in the warm regions). — BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 48 (San Carlos). — NUTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 400 (La Palma de Nicoya). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 120 (Pézo Azil de Pirris, Jiménez, Naranjo de Cartago). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 47 (Lagarto and Boruca). — OGILVIE-GRANT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVII, 1892, 474 (Valsa [Carmiol]).— RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 477 (Pacuare and Pé6zo Azul de Pirris [Zeledén!, Naranjo, Turrialba, Angostura, Jiménez [Cherrie], San Mateo [Cooper]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1896, 503 (Mexico to Panama). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 444 (Miravalles). — BANGs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 294 (Boruca and El Pézo de Térraba [Underwood]). U. S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeledon), Pigres (Zele- don), Bonilla (Ridgway ). Bangs Collection; La Vijagua, Pozo Azul de Pirris, Carrillo (Under- wood ). C. Hi. Lankester Collection: Banana River Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford); Guacimo, El Hogar, La Hondura, Rio Sicsola, Cuabre, Guapiles, Boruca (Car- riker); Pdézo Azul de Pirris (Underwood). Twenty-three skins. Costa Rican and Panaman birds average a little smaller than birds from British Honduras and Mexico, but the difference is so small and there is such a range of variation that it is of little consequence. T. massena is a very common bird in some parts of Costa Rica, in- habiting both the Caribbean and Pacific lowlands up to an altitude of about 2,000 feet, but is more abundant in the lowlands, between sea-level and 800 feet. It is strictly a bird of the forest, very rarely even going to the outskirts of the woodland. It keeps rather low down in the trees, unless feeding in a tall one, and is very tame and stupid as a rule. 290. Trogon clathratus Salvin. Trogon clathratus SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1866, 75 (Sante Fé de Veraguas, Panama [Arcé]). — OGILVIE-GRANT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVII, 476 (Angostura [Carmiol]). — SALVIN and GOpDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1896, 504 (Angostura [Carmiol]). U. S. Nat. Museum: Bonilla (Ridgway). Bangs Collection: La Vijagua, 2 3’s; Carrillo, 2 2’s (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection; Cariblanco de Sarapiqui. ; CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. 563 Carnegie Museum; Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford); Gudpiles and Rio Sicsola (Carriker). Five skins. The birds which Lawrence recorded as 7. clathratus (Ann. Lyc. N. Y., 1X, 1868, 119) and described as being the hitherto unknown female of that species, is certainly not that, but the female of 7° Jarra, as has been noted in the Azo/ogza, on the authority of Mr. Ogilvie- Grant. ‘The record for this species given by Frantzius (Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 313) is merely copied from Lawrence’s Catalogue, hence means nothing, so that the first published record we have for its occurrence in Costa Rica is that given by Mr. Ogilvie-Grant in the Catalogue of the British Museum. It is a very rare bird, occurring only on the Caribbean slope between about 1,000 and 2,500 feet above sea- level. It inhabits the heavy forest and has habits similar to those of T. massena, so far as I was able to determine. Family CUCULIDE. 291. Coccyzus ferrugineus Gould. Coccyzus ferrugineus GOULD, P. Z. S., 1843, 104; Zool. Voy. Sulph., Birds, I, 46. — TOWNSEND, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., X XVII, 1895, 123. U. S. Nat. Museum: Cocos Island, two specimens (Townsend). ‘‘ But two specimens of this bird were obtained and not more than three or four others seen. As in the case of the Warbler (Dendroica aureola Gould) its relationships are with species inhabiting the West Indies, rather than with forms of the mainland.’’ (C.H. Townsend. ) 292. Coccyzus minor minor (Gmelin). Cuculus minor GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, 411 (Guiana). Coccyzus minor GRAY, Gen. Birds, II, 457. — BouCARD, P. Z.S., 1878, 47 (Punta- renas).— CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 536 (both coasts, and in- terior to 6,000 feet); Auk, I X, 1892, 327 (very rare about San José).— SHEL- LEY, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XI X, 1891, 304, Pl. 12, f. 2 (no C. R. specimens). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1896, 523 (no C. R. speci- mens). Coccyzus seniculus NUTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V. 1882, 4o1 (La Palma de Nicoya). Coccyzus minor minor BANGS, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 292 (El Pézo de Térraba [Underwood]). U.S. Nat. Museum: Pigres (Ridgway and Zeledon). C. H. Lankester Collection: Mojica. Carnegie Museum; Bebedéro, five specimens (Carriker). The first record we have for this cuckoo in Costa Rica is the speci- 564 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. men taken by Boucard at Puntarenas in 1877. Mr. Cherrie reports it to be found on both coasts and in the interior up to 6,000 feet, but I have never seen the bird on the Caribbean slope, nor do I know of any specimens which were taken there. In fact I believe it to be con- fined to the Pacific slope, rare on the higher portions and only to be found in comparative abundance on the western side of the Gulf of Nicoya. 293. Coccyzus americanus americanus (Linneus). Cuculus americanus LINN2US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, III. Coccyzus americanus BONAPARTE, Jour. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., III, ii, 1824, 367.— CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1862, 167 (C. R. [Frantzius]). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 128 (C. R. [Frantzius]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 123 (San Juan de San José, Cartago). — CHERRIE, Auk, VII, 1890, 333; IX, 1892, 327 (San José, Sept. 10 to 28, three specimens). — SHELLEY, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIX, 1891, 308 (no C. R. specimens). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1896, 525, part (C. R. references). Although the western form of the Yellow-billed Cuckoo has been taken in Costa Rica, I have placed all the published references to C. americanus under the eastern form, typical americanus, for the reason that it is almost always the eastern variety of any species that is taken in Costa Rica, when such a species is represented by two races in the United States. The birds of western North America do not (with a few exceptions) migrate so far south as the eastern ones, on account of the climate being warmer on that side, the birds finding suitable winter quarters much farther north than are found on the eastern side. The cuckoos are not common winter visitors to Costa Rica, not a great many of them being seen or collected, so that it is not possible to determine just what portion of the country they inhabit during their sojourn there. However, I should suppose the present species, as well as the following one, to be confined more to the highland region than to the lowlands. 294. Coccyzus americanus occidentalis Ridgway. Coccyzus americanus occidentalis RipGwAy, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 273. — BANGS, Proc. N. Eng. Zool. Club, IV, 1908, 24 (San José, Oct. 25, 1905 [Underwood]). The first and only record that can be taken as authentic for the presence of this form in Costa Rica is the specimen collected by CARRIKER: List OF THE BirDs oF Costa RICA. 565 Underwood at San José, Oct. 25, 1905, as recorded by Mr. Bangs (see above). It may be possible that there are other specimens of the western form collected in Costa Rica, but I have not seen or heard of them. 295. Coccyzus erythrophthalmus (Wilson) Cuculus erythrophthalmus WiLson, Am. Orn., IV, 1811, 16, Pl. 28. Coccyzus erythrophthalmus BONAPARTE, Jour. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., III, ii, 1824, 367. — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 128 (Barranca [F. Carmiol]). — FRANTZzIUus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 361 (Costa Rica). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 123 (Barranca). — SHELLEY, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIX, 1891, 311 (no C. R. specimens). — CHERRIE, Auk, IX, 1892, 327 (San José, Oct. 1).— SALVIN and GOpMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1896, 526 (no C. R. specimens). This bird is evidently much rarer in Costa Rica during the winter then C. americanus, there being but very few records of its occurrence there. I did not meet with the bird, nor does Mr. Bangs have it in his collection from Costa Rica. 296. Piaya cayana mehleri (Bonaparte). Piaya cayana SHELLEY, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVII, 1891, 373 (Angostura [Carmiol], Bebedéro and Tucurriqui [Arcé]). — SALVIN and Gopmavn, Biol, Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1896, 529 (C. R. references). Piaya mehleri LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 128 (San José [J. Carmiol], Angostura [F. Carmiol]. — FRANTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 361 (San José). — Boucarp, P. Z. S., 1878, 48 (San José). Pyrrhococcyx mehleri CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1862, 167 (C. R. [Frantzius and Hoffmann]). Piaya cayana mehleri NUTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 4o1 (La Palma de Nicoya). — RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 498 (Iraza [Nut- ting]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 123 (San José, Alajuéla, Liberia, Cartago, Jiménez). — CHERRIE, Auk, I X, 1892, 326 (San José, — abundant on both coasts up to 6,500 feet). — STONE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1908, 499 (San José, Guay4abo, Pigres, Volcan de Irazt, Bonilla, Santo Domingo de San Mateo, Talamanca). Piaya cayana thermophila BANGS, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 292 (Boruca [Underwood)]). U. S. Nat. Museum: Pigres, Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeledon), Coliblanco, Bonilla, Santo Domingo de San Mateo (Ridgway), La Lagunaria de Dota (Basulto). Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker & ere Juan Vifias, Carrillo, Boruca (Carriker). Eight skins. This is the commonest cuckoo in Costa Rica, except Crofophaga sulctrostris, being widely distributed and fairly abundant as to indi- 566 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. viduals in many localities. I think it is most abundant in the Car- ibbean lowlands, especially about newly cleared land, where there are piles of brush and rubbish and new second-growth scrub. It keeps low down in the trees, and has the habit of running along the branches like a squirrel, and it is very likely from this habit that the natives call it ‘‘ Pajaro Ardilla’’ (squirrel bird), as has been sug- gested by Mr. Cherrie. Usually it is silent, but occasionally gives utterance to a loud harsh note, very difficult to describe. Costa Rican specimens of Pzaya are precisely alike from all parts of the country, both in size and coloration. They agree with birds from British Honduras in color, but are much smaller (wing about 18 mm. shorter ). 267. Neomorphus salvini Sclater. Neomorphus salvini SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1866, 60, pl. 5 (Santiago de Veraguas [Arcé]). — SHELLEY, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIX, 1891, 417 (Nicaragua and Panama specimens). — SALVIN and GOopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1896, 533 (no C. R. records). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 445 (Miravalles, two specimens). — BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., X XII, 1909, 30 (La Vijagua, Feb. 14, one; Cerro de Santa Maria, Jan. 9, 1908, one [Underwood}). U. S. Nat. Museum: Bonilla (Zeled6on). C. H. Lankester Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui. This is the rarest and least known of all the Central American cuckoos, not more than perhaps ten or a dozen of specimens having ever been taken in Costa Rica, the first record for it being the two birds taken at Miravalles by C. F. Underwood, and recorded by him (Ibis, 1896, 445). I never saw the bird but once, shooting one on the Sicsola River, Talamanca, which fell as though killed, but after hunting a long time I was not able to find it. It inhabits the thick forest, remaining on or near the ground, but alighting well up in a tree when flushed. Underwood says that the native name for the bird in Guanacaste is ‘‘ Guia-leon’’ (Guide to the lion), so called because they firmly believe that these birds are always found near a as they call it. ? Puma, sor “Leon 298. Morococcyx erythropygus (Lesson). Coccyzus erythropyga LESSON, Rev. Zool., 1842, 210. Morococcyx erythropygia SCLATER, Cat. Am. Birds, 322. — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 128 (Pacaca [Zeledén]). — FRANTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 361 (Pacaca [Zeledén]). — Boucarp, P. Z. S., 1878, 48 (Atenas). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 123 (Liberia). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 444 (Miravalles to Bebedéro). ee ee eel eT. eh eS SS See ee 4 CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. 567 Morococcyx eryihropygus SHELLEY, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIX, 1892, 422 (Costa Rica [J. Catmiol]). —SALvVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1896, 538 (Mexico to Costa Rica). Bangs Collection ; San José, Miravalles, Tenorio and Cerro de Santa Maria (Underwood). | Carnegie Museum : Miravalles, Esparta (Carriker). Three skins. Northwestern Costa Rica is the southernmost limit of the range of this cuckoo, whence it extends northward into Mexico. In Costa Rica it has been found only on the Pacific slope from the Rio Grande de Tarcoles northward, and is most abundant in Guanacaste. I saw several birds in a rice-field at Nuestra Amo, west of San José, which acted quite like rails in their manner of flushing and quickly dropping back into the rice again, after which no amount of threshing around in the field would flush them again. 299. Tapera nevia (Linnezeus). Cuculus nevius LINNEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 170. Diplopterus nevius Bote, Isis, 1826, 977. — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 128 (Guaitil [J. Carmiol], San Mateo [Cooper]). — FRANTzIUsS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 361 (San Mateo). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 123 (P6zo Azul de Pirris, San Mateo). — CHERRIE, Auk, IX, 1892, 326 (San José, a rare straggler). — SHELLEY, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIX, 1891. 423 (San Mateo [Cooper], La Barranca [Arcé]). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1896, 540 (Mexico to S. A.). Tapera THUNBERG, 1819. (Authority Dr. C. W. Richmond.) U. S. Nat. Museum : San Lucas, Alajuéla (Alfaro), Bebedéro (Under- wood ). Bangs Collection : Bolson, Bebedéro, and Volcan de Poas (Under- wood). C. H. Lankester Collection ; Turrtcares. Confined to the Pacific slope and western side of the central plateau region, being taken in rare instances as high as 4,000 feet. It is commonest, however, around the shores of the Gulf of Nicoya, especially on the Nicoya side, but is nowhere an abundant bird. It is found almost entirely in scrubby woodland, keeping near the ground, as do the other members of the group found in this region. The species covers a great range, and a thorough investigation as to the advisability of separating some of the distinctive forms is required. Such material is very hard to get together and has not been available for my use, therefore I have made no attempt to place the Costa Rican 568 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. form. Since the type is from Cayenne, it is very probable that Costa Rican birds are the same or nearly so, while it is quite possible that the Mexican birds are separable under the name of exce//ens Sclater. 300. Dromococcyx phasianellus (Spix). Macropus phasianellus Spx, Av. Bras., I, 1824, 53, Pl. 42. Dromococcyx phasianellus WED, |Beitr. [Naturg. Bras., IV, 1832, 353. — CA- BANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1862, 171 (Costa Rica, one specimen [Frantzius]). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., 1X, 1868, 218 (Costa Rica [Frantzius]). — FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 361 (C. R.). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 123 (Santa Maria de Dota, two specimens). — SHELLEY, Cat, Birds Brit. Mus., XIX, 1891, 426 (no C. R. specimens). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1896, 542 (Mexico to Brazil). — BANGs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 292 (Boruca, one Y [Underwood]). U. 5. Nat. Museum: Santa Maria de Dota (Zeledon). Bangs Collection: Bebedéro, 3; Bolson, 2 (Underwood). Carnegie Museum; Pozo Aztl de Pirris, 2 juv.; Buenos Aires de Terraba,..o (Carriker). The Pheasant Cuckoo, as it is sometimes called, is also a very rare bird, not only in Costa Rica, but throughout its extensive range, little or nothing being known concerning its habits. In Costa Rica, so far as is known, it inhabits only the lowlands of the Pacific coast, and has been taken at widely separated points, ranging from near Chiriqui almost to the Nicaraguan boundary. I have met with but two of these birds, but on both occasions was able to learn something con- cerning their curious habits. The first one was at Pozo Azul de Pirris, an immature female, which had not yet left the nest, although fully fledged, and able to fly quite well. The birds had occupied an old nest of Craspedoprion brevirostris, which was suspended from a limb of a large tree, about twenty feet above the ground. (For description of nest see Craspedoprion brevirostris.) When I threw a stick against the limb above the nest the young bird flew out. I did not see either of the parent birds, although I searched the immediate vicinity, not only that day but several times later. I secured another at Buenos Aires, an adult male, under rather peculiar circumstances. While walking along a road through some scrubby woodland near the river about noon, I was surprised to hear the most peculiar sounds imaginable, coming from the edge of the scrub just ahead and apparently on the ground. ‘There were hoarse guttural chuckles and hissing noises of a most indescribable nature, eS ee ea ee ee eS ee eee ee EE — —s CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF COSTA RICA. 569 such as one would suspect to be given forth by some animal fighting. Slipping a heavy charge into the gun I crept softly toward the noise, ex- pecting I knew not what, but certainly not what I finally saw. There on the ground, just inside the scrub, was a Pheasant Cuckoo, hopping up and down on the ground, with wings spread and head down, ina perfectly crazy manner, and all the while uttering the noises which had been so mystifying. JI do not know what might have been the out- come, but I took no chance to allow the bird to escape, for Dromococcyx phastanellus is not to be picked up daily, and I speedily ended the performance. 301. Crotophaga sulcirostris Swainson. Crotophaga sulcirostris SWAINSON, Phil. Mag., N. Ser., I, 1827, 440. — CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1862, 171 (Costa Rica [Frantzius, Hoffmann, and Ellendorf]).— LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 128 (San José [J. Carmiol]). — FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 361 (Costa Rica). — BoucARD, P. Z. Si, 1878, 47 (San Carlos, common). — NUTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 4or (La Palma de Nicoya). — R1pGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882. 498 (Iraztii [Nutting]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 122 (Alaju- éla, San José, and Cartago). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 48 (Boruca, — common on the outskirts of the villages); Auk, IX, 1892, 325 (San José, — one of the most abundant birds in Costa Rica from both coasts up to 7000 feet). — SHELLEY, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIX, 1891, 432 (San José [Carmiol]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1896, 545 (Texas to Peru). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 444 (Miravalles, — all parts of the country). U. S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeledén). C. H. Lankester Collection: Las Concovas (a partial albino). Carnegie Museum: Tierra Blanca (Carriker). ‘Two skins. A very abundant bird in all parts of the country where any clearings have been made and stock has been introduced. ‘They never go into the woodland, but as soon as forest has been felled they appear at once, evidently to feed on the many insects to be found in the soft second-growth which springs up so quickly in the tropics. ‘They are always to be seen in considerable numbers about pastures, perched in long rows on wire fences or limbs of trees, often so close to each other that their bodies touch. ‘They have a low chuckling, not unmusical note, and are very tame. ‘Ticks are a great scourge to cattle every- where in the tropics and this bird is always to be found with stock, feeding on the ticks. ‘They walk over the backs of the animals and pull off the ticks or fly up from the ground and pick them off their legs. 570 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. They are very fond of building their nests in the trees of citrus- fruits, especially bitter orange seedlings. The nest is a huge, bulky affair, made entirely of twigs, usually with thorns on them, and lined inside with a quantity of green leaves, usually orange leaves. ‘There are always a large number of eggs in a nest and as there are never many nests in one locality, it is quite obvious that several females lay in the same nest, taking turns at incubating. The number of eggs in each nest ranges from six to twelve. They are elliptical, blue in color, but always overlaid with a white chalky substance, easily scratched off, which is always more or less scraped and obliterated by the claws of the birds in turning the eggs. Eggs measure: 33 to 36.5 x 24 to 27 mm. Family CAPITONIDA. 302. Capito bourcieri salvini (Shelley). Capito bourcieri LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 130 (Barranca [J. Car- miol], Turrialba [Cooper]). — FRANTzIUsS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 363 (Costa Rica). —-BoucarD, P. Z. S., 1878, 47 (Orési and Navarro). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 123 (Naranjo de Cartago, Birris de Cartago, Jiménez). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 49 (Térraba, rare). Capito hartlaubi LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 130 (Barranca [J. Car- miol]). — FRANTzIUs, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 363 (Costa Rica). Capito salvini SHELLEY, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIX, 1891, 119 (Barranca [J. Carmiol]).— SALvin and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 549 (Costa Rica and Panama). U. S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeledon), Los Reyes and La Lagunaria de Dota (Basulto), La Estrella de Cartago and Jiménez (Castro). Bangs Collection: Azahar de Cartago, Cariblanco de Sarapiqui, Car- rillo (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Carrillo, four specimens (Carriker), Tobdsi (Francisco Ulloa Cooper). Five skins. The Costa Rican bird, known as C. salvini Shelley, is certainly only a subspecies of the South American C. dourciertd (Lafr.). The males are indistinguishable, the sole difference between the two forms being the presence or absence of the blue-green frontal band in the female, while birds taken in northern Colombia show indications of this band, being more or less intermediate between the two extreme forms. C. 6b. salvini is widely distributed over Costa Rica, covering the highlands and both slopes down to about 1,000 feet above sea-level. It is found in the forest, usually rather high up in the trees, and is quite solitary in its habits. or “I — CARRIRER: List Or THE Birps or Costa RIca. DICRORHYNCHUS * genus nov. ( Capitonide. ) Related to Semnornis Richmond, but differing in having the maxilla much less swollen basally, and of the same color as the remainder of the bill ; with the maxillary ridge narrower and sharper and with the nasal slit less pronounced ; with the color pattern of the whole body very different, having none of the vivid and contrasted colors of Semnornis, but plainly and uniformly colored both above and below. Type. — Zetragonops frantztt Sclater. 303. Dicrorhynchus frantzii (Sclater). Tetragonops frantzit SCLATER, Ibis, 1864, 371, 10 (Costa Rica [Frantzius]). — FRANTZIUS, Ibis, 1865, 551 (Birris, Costa Rica); Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 363 (Quebrada Honda, La Palma, Cervantes). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., I X, 1868, 130 (San José [Frantzius], Cervantes [J. Carmiol]. Navarro [Cooper], Birris and La Palma [Zeledén]). — BoucarbD, P. Z.S., 1878, 47 (Navarro). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 123 (Cervantes). — SHELLEY, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIX, 1891, 121 (Iraza district [Rogers], Navarro [Cooper]). — SALVIN and GopmMan, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1896, 550 (Costa Rican references). Semnornis RICHMOND, Auk, XVII, 1900, 179 (new name for Pan Richmond [vice Tetragonops Jardine] preoccupied; type Tetragonops rhamphastinus). U. S. Nat. Museum: Burgos de Irazi, Carrillo, La Estrella de Car- tago (Castro ) ; Coliblanco (Ridgway). : Bangs Collection: Azahar de Cartago, Volcan de Irazt (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui. Carnegie Museum: La Hondura (Carriker). Nine skins. This peculiar species is distributed over the higher parts of the Caribbean slope and along the eastern edge of the plateau region, from about 1,200 feet up to perhaps 6,000 feet. ‘They are most abundant between 2,000 and 4,000 feet, usually move in small bands, though often alone, and has a very peculiar call, resembling that of a gallinaceous bird. It inhabits the heavy forest, and seems partial to the borders of creeks, where it is almost always found rather low down in the trees. Family RHAMPHASTID. KEY TO THE COSTA RICAN SPECIES. a. Throat yellowish; breast and abdomen black; under tail-coverts red. b. Bill larger (adult, 150 to 180 mm.); apical half of maxilla and basal portion above bright yellow; sides of maxilla at base and basal portion of man- dible blood-red. Rhamphastos tocard 8, Q. * (Jikpooc, bifurcate ; Pbyyoc, bill). 572 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. bb. Bill shorter (115 to 140 mm.); apical portion of maxilla and mandible deep purplish blood-red. Rhamphastos brevicarinatus 8, 2. aa. Throat black or deep cerulean-blue. b. Throat black; breast and abdomen reddish-yellow, with red or black bands, or else almost entirely black below. c. Almost entirely black below; back and wings green; flanks yellow; thighs chestnut. d. Crown black; auricular region lemon-yellow. Selenidera spectabilis g. dd. Crown burnt-umber-brown; auriculars black. Selenidera spectabilis 2. cc. Only throat black below; whole head black; a brown band across nape; back dark bluish green; upper tail-coverts red and lower parts mainly reddish-yellow; thighs dark chestnut-brown. d. A narrow black band across upper part of abdomen (sometimes mixed with red (10 to 18 mm. wide). Pteroglossus torquatus, 6, 2. dd. A black blotch in centre of reddish-yellow breast and a wide crimson band across abdomen (sometimes mixed with black). Pteroglossus frantzii, 6, 2. bb. Throat blue; dark grass-green above, yellowish grass-green below; vent and under tail-coverts chestnut. Aulacorhamphus ceruleigularis, 8, 2. 304. Rhamphastos brevicarinatus Gould. Rhamphastos brevicarinatus GOULD, Monogr. Rhamph., ed. 2, 1854, pl. 3. — CASSIN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 103 (Costa Rica). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIX, 1891, 126 (Turrialba [Arcé], C. R. [Carmiol and Frantzius]). — SALVIN and GOpMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 553 (Nicaragua and Panama). Rhamphastos approximans CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1862, 333 (Costa Rica). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 128, 129 (San José [Frantzius], An- gostura, Dota, and Grecia [J. Carmiol]). — FRANtTzIuUs, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 362 (Grecia, Angostura, Dota Mts., Candelaria Mts., Aguacate Mts., Ma- chuca, Orési, Tucurriqui). Rhamphastos carinatus ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 123 (Cartago, Naranjo de Cartago, Turrialba). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 445 (Miravalles). U.S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeledon), Bonilla (Ridgway and Alfaro) (Basulto). Bangs Collection: Tenorio, Juan Vifias (Underwood). Fleming Collection: Miravalles and La Gloria (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Miravalles, Guacimo, Cariblanco de Sarapiqui. Carnegie Museum: Guaitil, Guacimo, Cuabre, El Hogar, Miravalles, Juan Vifias (Carriker). Eight skins. P q r § { . ‘ : CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF COSTA RICA. 573 It is a question whether 2. drevicarinatus should, or should not, be considered a subspecies of 7. carinatus of northern Central America. The differences between the two birds are not great, but are very constant, and I have not seen any birds which could be called inter- mediates between the two. For this reason I have left it as given by other authors, but future investigation may prove it a subspecies of carinatus. The Costa Rican range of this species covers the whole of the high- land portion of the country up to perhaps 4,000 feet, and down on both slopes to near sea-level. In the lower altitudes it is found in company with 2. focard, but in smaller numbers. I believe it to be more abundant on the higher portions of the Caribbean slope than on the Pacific slope at any point. It inhabits only the heavy forest, seldom, if ever, going out into the open and sparsely wooded district, as do some of the other species of the family in Costa Rica. Their notes and habits are about the same as those of 2. focard, except that they seem more solitary, not gathering into flocks so much as does R. tocarda. 305. Rhamphastos tocard Vieillot. Rhamphastos tocard VIEILLOT, N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., X X XIV, 231. — CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1862, 334 (C. R. [Frantzius]). — Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 103 (Angostura, San Carlos, Turrialba [J. Carmiol]). — Law- RENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 128 (Angostura, San Carlos and Turri- alba [J. Carmiol]). — FRANrtztIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 362 (Tucurriqui, San Carlos, Angostura). — BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 46 (San Carlos, common). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 123 (Naranjo de Cartago, Jiménez, Las Trojas, Pézo Azul de Pirris). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIX; 1891, 127 (Angostura [Carmiol] San José [M. Calleja]). — SALVIN and Gop- MAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1896, 554 (Nicaragua to Peru). — BANGs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 293 (Boruca, Paso Real and El Pé6zo de Térraba [Under- wood]). U.S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo and Bonilla (Ridgway and Zeledon), Bonilla (Basulto ). Bangs Coliection: Reventazon, Pozo Azul de Pirris (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Sarapiqui. Carnegie Museum: Pozo Azul de Pirris and El Pozo de Térraba (Car- riker); Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford); Pozo Azul de Pirris (Underwood). Seven skins. This is the most abundant toucan of Costa Rica, inhabiting the lowlands, ranging over the whole of the Caribbean and Pacific slopes, 574 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. up to 3,000 feet (rarely above 1,500) on the Caribbean side and about 800 feet on the Pacific. They seldom leave the heavy forests, and are usually seen in the tops of the highest trees, unless they are acci- dently encountered feeding in a low one. ‘They have the habit of perching on a lofty dead or exposed limb, where they may remain per- fectly quiet for some time. Their note is rather pleasing, but has a melancholy tone, especially when heard in the evening just about dusk, at which time they always call. The note also has a marked ventrilo- quistic quality, rendering it very difficut to locate a bird which is heard — calling, for one moment it seems to be high up in a tree, and the next down on the ground. Fruits of various kinds form their entire source of food. 306. Pteroglossus torquatus (Gmelin). Rhamphastus torquatus GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, 354. Pteroglossus torquatus WAGLER, Isis, 1829, 508. — CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1862, 331 (San Miguel and Sarapiqui [Frantzius]). — CAssIn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 110 (Angostura and Turrialba [Carmiol]). — Law- RENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 129 (Angostura and Turrialba [J. Car- miol]). — FRANTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 316 (Angostura and Turrialba). — BoucarD, P. Z. S., 1878, 46 (San Carlos, common). — NUTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 401 (La Palma de Nicoya). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 123 (Naranjo de Cartago, Jiménez, and Liberia). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIX, 1891, 141 (Bebedéro [Arcé]). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 445 (Miravalles). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1896 (Mexico to Venezuela). U. S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo and Bonilla (Ridgway and Zeledon). Bangs Collection: Bolson, Tenorio, Jiménez (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford); Guacimo, Car- rillo, El Hogar, Miravalles (Carriker). Ten skins. Two skins of this species from Santa Marta, Colombia, have the black spot on the chest very pronounced (as in Preroglossus frantzit) while in Costa Rican birds it is only present as a very small spot in two skins out often. Birds from British Honduras resemble those from Costa Rica, but two skins out of four examined having a small spot, while all have the chest very red, much more so than any of the Costa Rican or Colombian birds. This species is present over the whole of the Caribbean lowlands, up to about 3,000 feet, and on the Pacific side only from the Gulf of Nicoya northward. On the Pacific slope it does not go much above 1,500 feet, and is rare above 1,000 feet. It frequents open wood- CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. 575 land and scattering trees in pastures, as well as the heavy forest, and is almost always seen in small flocks. It is nota shy bird by any means, permitting itself to be closely approached, and the entire flock will often remain in a tree after one of its members has been shot. The note is very peculiar, not unmusical, but with an odd grating or rasping sound. Nutting states that he shot one with a large beetle in its mouth, but I have never found anything but fruit and berries in the crop, It is supposed to breed in holes in trees, but I have never seen the nest. 307. Pteroglossus frantzii Cabanis. Pteroglossus franizii CABANIS, Sitz. Ber. Ges. Naturf. Freunde z. Berlin, 1861; Jour. fiir Orn., 1862, 333 (Aguacate Mts. [Frantzius]). — Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, rrr (San José and Angostura). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 129 (San José and Angostura [J. Carmiol]). — FRANT- zius, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 362 (San Mateo). — Boucarp, P. Z. S., 1878, 47 (San Carlos). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 123 (Pézo Azil de Pirris, Las Trojas, Monte Redondo). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIX, 1891, 142 (San José [Carmiol]). — SALVIN and GopMan, Biol. Centr.- Am., Aves, II, 1896, 557 (Costa Rica and Chiriqui).— BaANcs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 293 (Boruca and El Pézo de Térraba [Underwood]). U. S. Nat. Museum: Pigres (Ridgway), Santo Domingo de San Mateo (Alfaro). Bangs Collection: Pé6zo Azul de Pirris (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: P6zo Azul de Pirris, Boruca, and El] Pézo de Térraba (Carriker). Four skins. This species has been recorded by early writers and collectors from San José, Angostura, and San Carlos, the two latter localities on the Caribbean slope at a rather low altitude. I have never taken it or seen a specimen taken on the Caribbean slope, and I feel quite sure that early writers must have confused the two birds, or else they were not labelled properly by the collectors. From my own experience and from the published records for the species, I am inclined to restrict its range exclusively to the Pacific slope and from the Gulf of Nicoya southward. It very probably does get up on the plateau region in small numbers, but the region where it is most commonly found is between sea-level and 1,500 feet. Its habits are precisely the same as those of the preceding species. 308. Selenidera spectabilis Cassin. Selenidera spectabilis CASSIN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857, 214 (Cocuyos de Veragua); 1867, 118 (Costa Rica [Carmiol]). — LAwRENcE, Ann. Lyc. 576 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. N. Y., IX, 1868, 129 (C. R. [Carmiol]). — FRanrzius, Jour. fiir Orn., 1860)" 362 (Tucurriqui). — BoucARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 47 (Juan Vifias). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 123 (Rio Stcio). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIX, 1891, 153 (Tucurriqui [Arcé]). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1896, 558 (Nicaragua to Panama). U. S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeledén), Bonilla (Ridgway, Zeledon and Alfaro) (Basulto). } Bangs Collection: Tenorio, Juan Vifias, and Aguacate Mts. (Under- wood ). ; C.-H. Wankester Collection.) |man Vinas: Carnegie Museum: Juan Vifias (Lankester). One skin. This is a very rare toucan in Costa Rica, and until recently very few specimens were in existence from that country. During his two - trips to Costa Rica (1905 and 1908) Mr. Ridgway secured eleven skins from Guayabo and Bonilla. It had been taken by several col- - lectors at Juan Vifias, but I was unable to find it there, although I spent.over two months in the vicinity. It seems to be confined almost entirely to the Caribbean slope be- tween the altitudes of about 1,500 to 3,500 feet. The only specimen I know of that was taken elsewhere was one from the Aguacate Mountains by Underwood. It is a bird of the forest, and with habits more like those of Rhamphastos than Pteroglossus. 309. Aulacorhamphus ceruleigularis Gould. Aulacorhamphus ceruleigularis GOULD, P. Z. S., 1853, 45 (Veragua). — CASSIN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 121 (Birris, La Palma and Dota Mita [Frantzius]). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., I X, 1868, 129 (Barranca, Dota, and Tuirialba [J. Carmiol]). — FRANtTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 362 (Costa Rica). — Boucarp, P. Z. S., 1878, 47 (Juan Vifias). — ZELEDON, An. Mus., Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 123 (Naranjo de Cartago, Cartago, Volcan de Irazu, Monte Redondo, Navarro de Cartago). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIX, 159 (1891), San José [Zeledén], Costa Rica [Rogers and Carmiol]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1896, 561 (Costa Rica and Veragua). Aulacorhynchus ceruleigularis CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1862, 331 (Volcan de Barba [Hoffmann]). U. S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo and Monte Redondo (Ridgway and Zeledon), Kl Copéy and Santa Maria de Dota (Basulto), Coliblanco (Ridgway). Bangs Collection : Cerro de Santa Maria, Estrella de Cartago, Escazit, Volcan de Irazt (Underwood). CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. 5 ~I -~I ier. Lankester Collection: Cachi. Carnegie Museum: Juan Vifias, La Hondura (Carriker) ; Tobosi (Francisco Cooper Ulloa). ‘Thirteen skins. This handsome little toucan, the smallest in Costa Rica, is confined tothe higher portions of the country, ranging over the whole of the plateau region down to about 2,500 feet on the Caribbean slope and perhaps a little lower on the Pacific, and up to at least 6,000 feet in the mountains. It is found in the heavy forest as well as in the open woodland, scattered trees, and roadside scrub. ‘They are usually seen in small flocks of from four to eight, are quite tame, and, like all the toucans, very stupid. They breed in holes in trees, usually abandoned nests of Campephilus guatemalensis buxans or even of Chloronerpes yucatanensts. Ihave not seen the eggs, but nests examined at Juan Vifias in May each con- tained two young. Family GALBULID/. 310. Galbula melanogenia Sclater. Galbula melanogenia SCLATER, Contr. Orn., 1852, 61, pl. 90. — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 118 (Pacuare and San Carlos [J. Carmiol], Tur- rialba [Cooper]). — Frantzius, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 311 (Pacuare, Tur- rialba and San Carlos). — Boucarp, P. Z. S., 1878, 47 (San Carlos). — NUTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 400 (La Palma de Nicoya). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 119 (Jiménez, Las Trojas, San Mateo, Pézo Azil de Pirris, and Pacuare).— CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 48 (Palmar, Boruca, Lagarto, and Buenos Aires).— SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIX, 1891, 166 (Bebedéro [Arcé], Angostura [Carmiol]). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am. Aves, II, 1896, 506 (Bebedéro [Underwood], Mexico to western Ecuador). — BANncs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 293 (Boruca, Paso Real and El Pézo de Térraba [Underwood]). U.S. Nat. Museum: Bonilla (Ridgway) (Basulto). Bangs Collection: El General, Pé6zo Azul de Pirris, Bolson and Car- rillo (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui. Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford) ; Guacimo, Pdzo Azul de Pirris, Juan Vifias, Carrillo, El Hogar, El Pozo de Térraba, Buenos Aires (Carriker). Seventeen skins. This beautiful little jacamar is found in all portions of Costa Rica below 2,000 feet, occasionally getting up to 3,000 feet on the Carib- bean slope, but not usually seen above 1,500 feet on the Pacific slope. It frequents the heavy forest almost exclusively, although often seen 578 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. along the edges of clearings, or in bits of thick jungle where there are no large trees. It is also often seen along the banks of small creeks in the forest. It has a rather weak call, rather pleasant to the ear, which it utters while perched on a branch, accompanying it with a violent jerking of the tail and upward tilt of the bill. It is always seen in pairs. 310. Jacamerops aurea (P. L. S. Miiller). Alcedo aurea MULLER, Natursyst. Suppl., 1776, 94. Jacamerops grandis ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 119 (Jiménez). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIX, 1891, 176 (no C. R. specimens). Jacameras aurea SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1896, 508 (Costa Rica to Peru and Guiana). Bangs Collection: Carrillo, &' and 2 (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: El Hogar, & and ?- Carnegie Museum: Rio Sicsola, co’; El Hogar, 2 (Carriker). A very rare bird in Costa Rica, of which there are probably not more than eight or ten specimens in existence, taken in Costa Rica. Its habits are quite similar to those of Galbula melanogenia, with the exception that this bird keeps entirely in the heavy forest, usually in low damp places. I saw but the one male secured, during a resi- dence of nearly a year in the Talamanca district. At El] Hogar it is evidently more numerous, for there Mr. Lankester secured a male and two females, one of which he gave me. On one occasion I saw there a pair in the forest when I was without a gun, but could not find them when I returned the following day to the same place. ‘They are very tame, or rather stupid, not seeming to know what fear is, for I re- peatedly approached very near, throwing sticks in a vain endeavor to knock them down, and even when flushed in this manner they only flew a short distance and permitted me to repeat the performance. Family BUCCONIDZ:. 312. Bucco dysoni Sclater. Bucco dysoni SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1855, 193 (Honduras). — NUTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 401 (La Palma de Nicoya). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 120 (Pacuare and Pézo Azul de Pirris). — ScLaTer, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIX, 1891, 182 (no C. R. specimens). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1896, 511 (Mexico to Upper Amazons, —no C. R. specimens). — BANGs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 293 (Paso Real de Térraba, ¢ and @ [Underwood]). CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. 579 U. S. Nat. Museum: Pigres (Zeledon). C. H. Lankester Collection: El Hogar. Carnegie Museum: Guacimo, three specimens; El Hogar, four specimens (Carriker). This bucco is very rare not only in Costa Rica, but throughout its entire range, which extends from southern Mexico down to Ecuador and the Upper Amazons. It was first taken in Costa Rica by Nutting at La Palma de Nicoya. ‘The next record is by Zeledén from Pacuare and Pdézo Azul de Pirris, one specimen from each locality. There are no other published records for the species from Costa Rica, except the pair taken by Underwood at Paso Real, as recorded by Mr Bangs. I found the bird fairly common at Guacimo and El Hogar, but under peculiar circumstances, such as would not often be met with by collectors. There had been a large area of forest felled within a short time for the planting of bananas, and within two or three months after the falling of the trees, these birds began to appear, evi- dently congregating from the surrounding forest to feed on the numerous wood-boring beetles in the half decayed trees. They are very tame, allowing one to approach within a few feet before flying. 313. Malacoptila panamensis Lafresnaye. Malacoptila panamensis LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 1847, 79 (Panama [Delattre]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 119, part (Las Trojas, Pézo Azul de Pirris). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 48 (Palmar, Lagarto, and Boruca).— UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 444 (Miravalles).— SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1896, 516, part (Costa Rican ref- erences and localities). Malacoptila costaricensis CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1862, 172, part (Costa Rica [Frantzius]). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 118 (San Mateo [Cooper]). — FRANTzIUsS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 312, part (San Mateo and Guaitil). Malacoptila inornata LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 118, part (Dota [F. Carmiol]). Malacoptila vere-pacis LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 118, part (Gua- itil [J. Carmiol]). — FRANTzIUs, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 311, part (Costa Rica). Malacoptila panamensis var. costaricensis SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIX, 1891, 196, part (Dota [Carmiol]). Malacoptila panamensis panamensis BANGS, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 293 (Boruca, Paso Real, El Pézo, and Lagarto de Térraba [Underwood]). U.S. Nat. Museum: Santo Domingo (Alfaro), Pozo Azul de Pirris (Zeledon). 580 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Bangs Collection: El] General de Térraba (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Abangares. Carnegie Museum: Pozo Azul de Pirris, El Pozo de Térraba, Boruca, Miravalles (Carriker). Eight skins. The Panaman AZa/acopii/a is found only on the Pacific slope and low- lands of Costa Rica, where it is found in large numbers in the southern part, gradually diminishing northward, until in Guanacaste (northern part) it is not so abundant. They are found from sea-level up to nearly, if not quite, 3,000 feet, but are most abundant below 1,000 © feet. The birds occur only in the forest, preferring the thick jungle, where there are many vines and much tangled undergrowth. They seldom perch higher than twenty-five feet above the earth, usually — much lower, and are the most stupid birds imaginable, permitting a — person to approach to within a few feet of them before flying. 314. Malacoptila inornata (Du Bus). Monasa inornaia Du Bus, Bull. Ac. Brux., XIV, pt. 2, 1847, p. 107. Malacoptila inornata SCLATER, Ann. and Mag. N. H., XIII, 1854, 478; Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIX, 1891, 197 (Guatemala). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. N. Y., IX, 1868, 118, part (Angostura [Cooper]). — FRANTzIusS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 312, part (Pacuare and Angostura). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1896, 517 (Costa Rica not included in its range; Greytown, Nicaragua, southernmost record). Malacoptila panamensis (not of Lafresnaye) BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 47 (San Carlos). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 119, part (Jiménez and Angostura). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1896, 516, part (Costa Rican references). Malacoptila vere@-pacis LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 118 part (Pacu- are [J. Carmiol]). Malacoptila costaricensis CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1862, 172, part (Costa Rica). — FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 312, part (Angostura and Pacuare). Malacoptila panamensis var. costaricensis SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIX, 1891, 196, part (Tucurriqui [Arcé], Péje [Carmiol]). U. S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeledon). Bangs Collection: Carrillo and La Vijagua (Underwood). Fleming Collection: Reventazon (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: La Crestina (== Jiménez). Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford), Rio Sicsola, El Hogar, Guacimo, Carrillo, Cuabre (Carriker). Fifteen skins. All specimens of JZa/acoptila which I have examined from the Car- ibbean slope of Costa Rica prove to be JZ. ¢nxornata and not pana- CARRIKER: LIsT OF THE BirRDS oF Costa RICA, 581 ” mensis, as given by almost all authors on Costa Rican birds. Law- rence recorded the species from Costa Rica in 1868, but had the range confused, as well as confusing several supposed species with it. The southern range of the bird in all probability ends in north- eastern Chiriqui, but it is an abundant species over the whole of the Caribbean lowlands, from the San Juan River to the Sicsola. Its habits are the same as those of AZ. panamensts. 315. Monasa grandior Sclater and Salvin. Monasa peruana LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 118 (San Carlos and Pacuare [Cooper]). — FRANTzIUs, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 312 (San Carlos and Pacuare). Monasa grandior SCLATER & SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1868, 327 (Angostura [Carmiol]). — SALVIN, Ibis, 1869, 315 (crit.). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 120 (Rio Sticio and Jiménez). — SALVIN and GOopMAN, Biol. Centr.- Am., Aves, II, 1896, 520 (Nicaragua and Costa Rica). Monacha grandior SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIX, 1891, 205 (Angos- tura and San Carlos [Carmiol]). Bangs Collection: Jiménéz and La Vijagua (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Banana River. Carnegie Museum: Guacimo (Carriker & Crawford); Cuabre, Gua- piles, El Hogar (Carriker). ‘Twelve skins. This singular bird, easily recognized by the bright salmon-red bill, is found only on the Caribbean slope of Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and northern Chiriqui. I have taken it in Costa Rica at numerous points along the eastern lowlands, but never above 1,200 feet, although it does go upsome of the larger river-valleys a little higher, as at Angos- tura (about 1,800 feet) whence came the type. It is found only in the forest, but does not seek out the dark secluded spots, as does /aca- merops, but prefers the edges of clearings, or little open spots in the forest caused by the falling of a large tree. It is always seen in pairs, and is very tame and easily approached. It has a note rather sim- ilar to Galbula melanogenia, and also jerks its tail when calling. Family PICIDA. KEY TO THE COSTA RICAN SPECIES. a. Size large (wing not less than 175 mm.); breast and abdomen barred with black and buff; an elongated scarlet crest; chest black. b. A buff-ochraceous stripe from nostril to shoulder. c. Bill pale horn or ivory-white; inner wing-coverts distinctly yellowish. d. Forehead and malar region scarlet. Ceophleus lineatus scapularis, @. 582 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. dd. Forehead and malar region black. Ceophleus lineatus scapularis, 2. cc. Bill black; inner wing-coverts nearly white, only slightly yellowish. d. Forehead and malar region scarlet. Ceophleus lineatus lineatus, 3. dd. Forehead and malar region black. Ceophleus lineatus lineatus, 2. bb. No buff-ochraceous streak on side of head (begins at end of scarlet). c. Whole head and throat scarlet. Campephilus guatemalensis buxans, 3. cc. Forehead and throat black. Campephilus guatemalensis buxans, 2. aa. Size smaller (wing not more than 135 mm.); no elongated scarlet crest. b. Back and wings not barred or spotted, uniform black, greenish, or golden- brown. c. Back and wings black; forehead and rump white; throat yellow. d. Whole crown and nape crimson. . Melaner pes formicivorus striatipectus, gS. dd. Whole of crown black. Melanerpes formicivorus striatipectus, Q. cc. Back and wings green, golden-green or golden-brown. d. Size very small (wing 52 mm.); whole crown and nape brownish- black, nape dotted with white. e. Forehead spotted with reddish-yellow. Picumnus olivaceus flavotinctus, &. ee. Forehead unspotted. Picumnus olivaceus flavotinctus, 2. dd. Size medium or larger. e. Underparts barred. f. Rump scarlet; back golden-brown; underparts dusky grayish-brown, finely barred with white. . g. Crown and nape feathers tipped with crimson. Veniliornis neglectus, 6. gg. Crown and nape sooty-black. Veniliornis neglectus, Q. ff. Rump nearly or quite concolorous with back. g. Remiges barred with cinnamon-rufous; throat and : chest dark olive-green; breast and abdomen greenish-buffy, barred with dark green. h. Crown and malar region crimson. Chloroner pes simplex, S$. hh. Crown dull green, only nuchal collar crimson, Chloronerpes simplex, 2. > gg. Remiges not barred. h. Crown blackish-slate; entire under parts barred; back golden-olive. 4. Only nape crimson. Chloroner pes yucatanensis, 2. ii. Sides ot nape and malar region also crimson, Chloroner pes yucatanensis, S. ~~ = = wean oe ee CARRIKER*: LIsT OF THE’ Brrps or Costa RICA. 583 hh. Crown brownish-black or tipped with crimson; back and lower parts uniform golden- brown. z. Crown feathers tipped with crimson. Veniliornis caboti, 3. it. Crown dull blackish-brown. . Veniliornis caboti, 2. bb. Back and wings barred with black, or white, or else black with a white median stripe. c. Back and wings mostly black, with a whitish streak down centre of back. d. Lower parts mainly brownish-buff. e. Middle of crown and nape scarlet. Dryobates villosus extimus, @. ee. Entire crown and nape black. Dryobates villosus extimus, 2. dd. Under parts mainly golden-olive; middle of belly scarlet; flanks barred with black; forehead and nape orange. e. Crown scarlet. Melanerpes chrysauchen, 3. ee. Crown black. Melaner pes chrysauchen, 9. cc. Back and wings barred with white, or with black. d. Upper parts cinnamon or chestnut-brown. e. Bill pale ivory; elongated nuchal crest, together with crown, buff-ochraceous; lower parts deep chestnut, barred with black. f. Malar region crimson. Celeus castaneus, S. ff. Malar region concolorous with head. Celeus castaneus, Q. ec. Bill blackish above, olive-white below; crest and crown con- colorous with back; lower parts cinnamon-buff, with black markings. f. Throat crimson. Celeus loricatus, &. ff. Throat brown. Celeus loricatus, 2. dd. Upper parts black, barred with white. e. Centre of abdomen scarlet. f. Flanks heavily barred with black; forehead deep orange; white bars on back very narrow. g. Whole crown and nape crimson. Melaner pes pucherani, 6. gg. Only nape crimson, crown black. Melaner pes pucherani, 2. ff. Flanks scarcely barred; white bars of back and wings wider. g. Crown and nape crimson. Melaner pes wagleri wagleri, 3. gg. Crown and nape dirty buff-white. Melaner pes wagleri wagleri, Q. 584 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. ee. Centre of abdomen orange-yellow; forehead and nape orange, front paler. f. Centre of crown scarlet. Melaner pes hoffmanni, f « ff. Centre of crown dirty buff. Melaner pes hoffmanni, 2. 316. Chloronerpes simplex simplex Salvin. Chloroner pes simplex SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1870, 212 (Bugaba, Panama [Arce))o— HArGITT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVIII, 1890, 81 (Chiriqui).— SALvIn, Ibis, 1874, 317 (Talamanca [Gabb]). — CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 536 (P6zo Azul de Pirris, also Atlantic side). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1895, 410 (Nicaragua to Panama). U. S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeledon), Bonilla (Ridgway), Pozo Azul de Pirris (Zeledén). Bangs Collection : P6zo Azul de Pirris and La Vijagua (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection : Cachi. Carnegie Museum: Rio Sicsola, Carrillo, El Hogar and El Pozo de Térraba (Carriker). Four skins. A very rare woodpecker in Costa Rica. I have taken four speci- mens in very widely separated places, but have never seen more than one bird in any one locality. It is confined entirely to the lowlands, not going above 2,000 feet, and keeps within the heavy forest. All the birds which I saw were quite low down, but I cannot say whether this is a characteristic habit. 317. Chloronerpes yucatanensis uropygialis (Cabanis). Picus yucatanensis CABOT, Jour. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 1845, 92 (Yucatan). Chloroner pes yucatanensis MOorRE, P. Z. S., 1859, 60. — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. N. Y., IX, 1868, 131 (Turrialba [Cooper], Barranca [J. Carmiol]). — FRANT- zius, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 364 (Tres Rios). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de ~~ C. R., I, 1887, 124 (Naranjo de Cartago, Rio Sicio, Sarchi de Alajuéla). — HaraittT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVIII, 1890, 84 (Costa Rica [Carmiol]), — RICHMOND, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 518 (San Carlos). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1895, 407 (Mexico to W. Ecuador), Chloroner pes uropygialis CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1862, 321 (Candelaria Mts. [Hoffmann]). Chloronerpes yucatanensis uropygialis, BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIII, 1899, 93 (Santa Marta, Colombia). U.S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeled6on), Lagunaria and Santa Maria de Dota (Basulto), Bonilla (Ridgway), El Naranjo (Zeledon) (Alfaro), Sarchi (Cooper). Bangs Collection : Carrillo, Cerro de Santa Maria, La Hondura, Cari- blanco de Sarapiqui (Underwood). CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF COSTA RICA. 585 Carnegie Museum: Juan Vifias and Ujurras de Teérraba (Carriker). Three skins. This species is confined principally to the highlands, descending occasionally as low as 1,500 feet, and going up to at least 6,000 feet. The zone of its greatest abundance lies between 2,000 and 4,000 feet. It is found in the heavy forest, but is also very fond of wooded pastures, becoming very common on the eastern portion of the plateau region, especially from Turrialba up to Santiago. 318. Melanerpes formicivorus striatipectus Ridgway. Melaner pes formicivorus CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1862, 322 (Irazu [Hoffmann]). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 131 (San José and Barranca [Car- miol], Dota and Birris [Zeled6n]). — FRANtTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 364 (Grecia, Potrero, Cervantes). — BoucarpD, P. Z. S., 1878, 49 (Volcan de Irazi, — seen at Juan Vifias). — RIpGwaAy, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus, V, 1882, 497 (Irazi [Nutting]). — ZeELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 124 (Cartago, Monte Redondo, Barranca, Zarcéro de Alajuéla, La Palma de San José). — Haraitt, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVIII, 1890, 149 part (Dota [Carmiol], San José [Frantzius}], Volcan de Irazi [Arcé]). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1895, 412, part (Mexico to Panama). Melanerpes formicivorus, var. striatipectus RIDGWAY, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, North Am. Birds, II, 1875, 561 (south of Orizaba, Mexico). U. S. Nat. Museum ; Monte Redondo and Coliblanco (Ridway), El Zarcéro (Zeled6n), Volcan de Irazi (Cooper), El Copey, La Lagu- naria and Santa Maria de Dota (Basulto). Bangs Collection; Escazu, Azahar de Cartago, Volcan de Irazt (Underwood). Carnegie Musemum: Volcan de Irazt (Carriker) ; Escazi and La Estrella de Cartago (Underwood). Seven skins. This woodpecker has been taken in a great many localities scattered about over the highlands and mountains of Costa Rica, but from my own experience | find that it is much commoner on the Volcan de Irazi than in any other locality. When I went to the Volcan de Tur- rialba I fully expected to find the bird there, but to my surprise not a single bird was seen in nearly two weeks collecting, neither did Messrs. Ridgway, Zeledén, or Lankester find it there. I questioned the peons on the ‘‘ hacienda’’ where I was stopping, concerning the matter, describing the bird to them, but none had ever seen it, although two men who had worked on Irazt knew the bird there, but said they had never seen it on Turrialba. It is a very unusual case of distribution, 586 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. since the two peaks are in plain sight of each other, and not more than ten or twelve miles apart. On Irazt I found it almost entirely in the trees scattered through the pastures and fields and along the roadsides. It was breeding in April. 319. Melanerpes chrysauchen Salvin. Melanerpes chrysauchen SAtvin, P. Z. S., 1870, 213 (Bugaba, Panama [Arcé]). — CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 537 (P6zo Azul de Pirris [Zeled6n]); Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 46 (Lagarto and Térraba). — HAR- GITT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVIII, 1890, 160 (Panama). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1895, 414 (Panama).— BANGs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 292 (Boruca, Paso Real and El P6zo de Térraba [Underwood)). U. S. Nat. Museum ; Pozo Aztl de Pirris (Underwood). Bangs Collection ; Pozo Aztl de Pirris (Underwood). Carnegie Museum ; Pozo Azul de Pirrisand Boruca (Carriker). Four skins. This handsome J/e/anerfes was first taken in Costa Rica by Zeled6n at Pézo Azul de Pirris in September, 1889 (Cherrie, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 537). It was taken by Cherrie in the Térraba Valley in 18go-1, and subsequently by Underwood and myself at both Pézo Azul and Térraba. Its Costa Rican range is restricted to the south- western portion of the country in the Pacific lowlands, from near sea- level up to at least 1,500 feet in the hills around Boruca, where it is fairly common, but is more abundant in the scattered trees of the open ‘‘sabanas’’ than in the forest. 320. Melanerpes pucherani (Malherbe). Zebrapicus pucherani MALHERBE, Rev. Zool., 1849, 542 (Tobago). Centurus pucherant BOUCARD, P. Z. S.,.1878, 49 (San Carlos and Juan Vifias). Melanerpes pucherani ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 124 (Tala- manca, Cartago, Jiménez, Rancho Redondo). — Harcitt, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVIII, 1890, 164 (San José [Carmiol], Turrialba [Arcé]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1895, 415 (Mexico to W. Ecuador). Tripsurus pucherant SALVADORI, Atti. R. Acc. Sci. Torino, 1868, 183 (Costa Rica [Durando]). ' Centurus generit LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 131 (San José [J. Car- miol]). — FRANTzIUs, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 364 (Costa Rica). U. S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeledon), Bonilla (Ridgway) (Basulto), Carrillo (Underwood), Pacuarito (Cheirie), Jiménez (Alfaro), Reventazon (Carranza). Bangs Collection: Jimémez, La Vijagua, Carrillo (Underwood). CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF COSTA RICA. 587 C. H. Lankester Collection: San José. Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford); Guacimo, Cuabre, Rio Sicsola, Carrillo, El Hogar (Carriker). Eighteen skins. This species is very common over the whole of the Caribbean slope, from near sea-level up to 4,000 feet, where it occurs in small numbers, being much more abundant below 3,000 feet. It is not often found in the thick forest, much preferring open woodland, wooded pastures, and the banks of rivers. I found it very abundant at Guapiles. 321. Melanerpes wagleri wagleri Salvin and Godman. Picus tricolor WAGLER, Isis, 1829, 512. Melaner pes tricolor HarGitTT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVIII, 1890, 174 (Panama and Colombia). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 47 (Palmar, La- garto, and Buenos Aires de Térraba). Melaner pes wagleri SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1895, 416 (Panama to Venezuela). — BanGs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIX, 1906, 107 (P6zo Azil de Pirris, one , July 9, 1903 [Underwood]); Auk, X XIV, 1907, 292 (Boruca, Paso Real, and El Pézo de Térraba [Underwood)]). Carnegie Museum: Buenos Aires de Térraba, Sept., 1907 (Carriker). Five specimens. This woodpecker was first taken in Costa Rica by Geo. K. Cherrie, in the Térraba Valley in 1890-1, and recorded by him (Expl. Zool. enC. R., 47). The next record we have is the bird taken by Under- wood at Pozo Azul de Pirris in 1903. In 1907 Underwood took a large series of birds in the Térraba Valley, where it is one of the com- monest woodpeckers. I saw quite a number of them around Buenos Aires, where it frequents open woodland along the streams. From the known records it would seem that like AZ. chrysauchen, it is present in Costa Rica only in the extreme southwestern portion of the Pacific lowlands. 322. Melanerpes hoffmanni (Cabanis). Centurus hoffmanni CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1862, 322 (Costa Rica [Hoffmann and Frantzius]). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 131 (San José [J. Carmiol], Grecia [F. Carmiol]). — FRANtTzius, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 364 (Grecia). — BoucarD, P. Z. S., 1878, 49 (San José and Puntarenas). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 124 (San José, Cartago and Ala- juéla). — CHERRIE, Auk, I X, 1892, 327 (San José). Melaner pes hoffmanni Haraitt, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVIII, 1890, 181 (San José [Calleja and Carmiol], Puntarenas [O. Salvin]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, ‘Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1895, 419 (Nicaragua and Costa Rica). — UNDER- WOOD, Ibis, 1896, 443 (Miravalles). 588 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Centurus aurifrons hoffmanni NuTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 398 (La Palma de Nicoya). — RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 501 (San José [Nutting]). U. S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo and Pigres (Ridgway and Zeledon), Bonilla and Santo Domingo (Ridgway), San José (Castro), Guayabal (Underwood). Bangs Collection: Cerro de Santa Maria, Carrillo, Tenorio, San José, Escazu, Bolson (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford) ; Juan Vifias, San Mateo (Carriker).° Five skins. This species takes the place of JZ. pucherani on the Pacific slope and the central plateau region, although the ranges of the two birds slightly overlap, the present bird occurring occasionally on the Carib- bean slope (Juan Vifias and Guapiles). It is the common wood- pecker of the highlands and Pacific coast, although not so abundant in individuals as AZ, pucherant on the eastern side. It is also found - in more open country, rarely being seen in heavy forest. 323. Dryobates villosus extimus (Bangs). Picus harrisii CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1862, 175 (Desengafio [Hoffmann]). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 130 (Costa Rica). Picus jardinii LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 130 (San José and Cer- vantes [J. Carmiol], Birris [Zeled6n]). — FRANTzIUs, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 364 (Candelaria Mts.). Dyctiopicus jardinii BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 49 (Volcan de Irazi and Nava4rro). Dryobates jardinii ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 123 (slopes of Irazii). — CHERRIE, Auk, IX, 1892, 327 (San José (?), —skins labelled San José, but locality is very doubtful). Dendrocopus jardinit HARGITT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVIII, 1890, 237 (Volcan de Irazii [Arcé and Rogers]).— SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1895, 432 (Mexico to Panama). Dendrocopus villosus extimus BANGS, Proc. N. Eng. Zool. Club, III, 1902, 33 (Chiriqui [Brown]). U. 5. Nat. Museum: Volcan de Turrialba (Ridgway and Zeledon), San Juan de Irazt (Alfaro), Volcan de Irazu, La Estrella de Cartago and Coliblanco (Castro), El Copey, La Lagunaria, Las Vueltas, and Santa Maria de Dota (Basulto). Bangs Collection: Volcan de Irazt, Volcan de Barba, and Azahar de Cartago (Underwood). ‘ ‘< Carnegie Museum: Volcan de Irazu, Volcan de Turrialba, Ujurras de Térraba, La Hondura (Carriker) ; La Estrella de Cartago, Escazt, and Azahar de Cartago (Underwood). Sixteen skins. CARRIKER:’* LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. 589 A common resident in all portions of the country above 6,000 feet, sometimes taken down as low as 4,000 feet, but most abundant on the high volcanoes. I found it the commonest woodpecker on the Volcan de Irazu, and not only abundant, but the only species on the Volcan de Turrialba, where it is present right up to timber-line. © It is normally an inhabitant of the thick damp forests found every- where at the altitude which it frequents, although it seems to have adapted itself to the changed conditions on the high volcanoes, which have been cleared of the forest in many places. the land now having been made into pastures, with many trees scattered through them. Here the birds seem to be perfectly at home and find conditions suitable for their increase. 324. Veniliornis caboti (Malherbe). Mesopicus caboti MALHERBE, Mon. Pic., II, 1862, 53, pl. 57, fig. 1 and 2. Chloroner pes oleagineus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 131 (Barranca and Turrialba [J. Carmiol]). — FRANTzIUs, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 364 (Costa Rica). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 124 (Costa Rica). — RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 476 (Jiménez [Alfaro]). Dendrobates caboti HARGITT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVIII, 1890, 344 (Costa Rica [Endres]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am. Aves, II, 1895, 438 (Mexico to Panama). Ventliornis caboti OBERHOLSER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, 204 (critical). U.S. Nat. Museum: San Bernardo (Alfaro and Carranza), Jiménez (Alfaro). Bangs Collection: El General de Térraba and La Hondura (Under- wood ). Carnegie Museum: Guacimo (Carriker). One skin. This is a very rare woodpecker in Costa Rica, but few specimens having been taken in that country. In all my collecting I never met with but one, which I secured in the heavy forest at Guacimo. All but one of the published records and all of the skins examined came from the Caribbean slope, between 800 and 4,000 feet. There is but one record for the Pacific slope, Lawrence recording one or more specimens from Barranca, collected by J. Carmiol. 325. Veniliornis neglectus Bangs. Dendrobates cecilie HARGITT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVIII, 1890, 366, part (Chiriqui to Colombia). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 46 (Palmar de Térraba, one specimen).— SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 440, part (Panama to Ecuador). 590 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Veniliornis neglectus BANGS, Proc. New Eng. Zool. Club, II, 1901, 99 (Divala, Chiriqui, Nov. 9, 1900 [W. W. Brown]; coll. E. A.and O. Bangs); Auk, X XIV, 1907, 293 (El Pézo de Térraba, three specimens (Underwood). Bangs Collection : P6zo Azul de Pirris (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: E] Pozo de Térraba (Carriker). Three specimens. This bird was first taken in Costa Rica by Cherrie at Palmar de Térraba, where he secured one specimen, recording it as Dendrobates — cecili@ (Expl. Zool., 46). He says that it must be a very rare bird, for but one was seen. In 1906 Underwood secured three birds at El P6zo, a few miles down the Rio Grande from Palmar, and in 1907 I also secured three birds at the same place, finding them in some low trees on the edge of a new clearing near the river. The three birds were all together in the same tree, and I was fortunate to secure them all, for no others were seen during the trip. 326. Celeus loricatus (Reichenbach). Meiglyptes loricatus REICHENBACH, Scansores Picinae, 1854, 405, pl. 681, fig. 1 4495-6. Celeus loricatus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1879, 533. — ZELEDON, An. Mus. — Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 124 (Talamanca and Jiménez, three specimens). — ~ HaraitTt, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVIII, 1890, 432 (no C. R. specimens). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1895, 442 (Costa Rica to Ecuador). Bangs Collection: Carrillo (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Guacimo. Carnegie Museum: Carrillo and Rio Sicsola (Carriker). Three specimens. This handsome species is not only very rare in Costa Rica, but throughout its extensive range. Lawrence described a female from Panama under the name of C. sguamatus, which was probably only a well marked adult. I have not been able to make a satisfactory com- parison of Costa Rican and Panaman specimens of this species with birds from the supposed type locality (Peru), but one poor skin from Ecuador being available, from which nothing could be definitely learned concerning their real relationship. Costa Rican and Panaman skins are identical, but it is not improbable that when compared with good South American material they will prove to be subspecifically distinct, in which case Cassin’s name of C. mentals will become available for the northern subspecies. I succeeded in securing but three specimens of this rare bird in seo ee ee Ee Se eee ee ee aes Se OE CARRIKER: List OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. 591 Costa Rica, all adults in good plumage, and all were taken in the forest along the Sicsola River at not more than roo feet above sea-level. They were all taken rather low down on the tree-trunks. 327. Celeus castaneus (Wagler). Picus castaneus WAGLER, Isis, 1829, 515. Celeus castaneus SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1858, 359. — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 130 (Angostura [F. Carmiol], Turrialba [Cooper]). — FRANTzIUs, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 364 (Costa Rica). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 124 (Pacuare and Turrialba, two specimens). — HArGITT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVIII, 1890, 433 (no C. R. specimens). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am. Aves, II, 1895, 441 (Mexico to Costa Rica). Bangs Collection: Limon and La Vijagua (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui. Fleming Collection: Jiménez (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Guacimo, Rio Sicsola (Carriker). Five speci- mens. Celeus castaneus is also a rare woodpecker not only in Costa Rica, but throughout its whole range, although I believe it is more abun- dant in Costa Rica than its near relative, C. Zovicatus. Like the pre- ceding species it is confined entirely to the heavy forests of the hot lowlands of the Caribbean coast, and is very rarely met with. I have always seen them in pairs, and have always managed to secure nearly all birds seen. I found it in the same locality with /orzcatus on the Rio Sicsola. 328. Campephilus guatemalensis buxans Bangs. Picus guatemalensis HARTLAUB, Rev. Zool., 1844, 214. Scapaneus guatemalensis CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1862, 175 (Lepanto [Ellen- dorf], C. R. [Frantzius and Hoffmann]). Campephilus guatemalensis LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 130 (San José [Frantzius], Angostura [J. Carmiol], Grecia [F. Carmiol]). — FRANT- zius, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 363 (Dota and Candelaria Mts.). — NUTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 398 (La Palma de Nicoya). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 123 (Grecia, Jiménez, Las Trojas, Cartago). — CHERRIE, Auk, IX, 1892, 327 (San José, — accidental). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 443 (Miravalles). Campephilus guatemalensis CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 46 (Lagarto and Boruca).— Harocitr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVIII, 1890, 473 part (Bebedéro [Arcé], San José [Frantzius], Dota [Carmiol]). — SALVIN and Gop- MAN, Biol. Centr.-Am. Aves, II, 1895, 446, part (Mexico to Panama). Campephilus guatemalensis buxans BANGS, Auk, XVIII, 1901, 360 (David, Chiriqui [Brown]); X XIV, 1907, 293 (Boruca and El Pézo de Térraba, Barranca de Puntarenas [Underwood]). 592 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. U. 5. Nat. Museum: Guayabo and Pigres (Ridgway and Zeledén), Bonilla (Ridgway) (Basulto), Santo Domingo de San Mateo (AI- faro), El Copey and Santa Maria de Dota (Basulto), Bebedéro (Underwood), Reventazon (Carranza). Bangs Collection: Pozo Azul de Pirris, La Palma de San José, Bolson, Tenorio (Underwood). C. H.: Lankester ‘Collection: La Cristina (—="Jinmenezan Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford); P6ézo Azul de Pirris, Guacimo, Cuabre, El] Hogar, Bebedéro (Carriker). Eighteen skins, This is a southern form of C. gwatema/lensis, distinguished by its smaller size and much more yellowish under parts and under wing- coverts, and is probably confined to Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama, although specimens from northern Nicaragua show signs of intergradation. Costa Rican birds are nearly typical duxans. This bird has a very wide range in Costa Rica, being found on both coasts in abundance, and in smaller numbers up over the plateau region, wherever heavy virgin forest is found. It is an extremely hardy bird and very tenacious of life, carrying away with no apparent inconvenience heavy charges of shot at close range. It is usually seen in pairs, each pair seeming to occupy acertain small district, into which no others intrude. 329. Ceophleus lineatus lineatus (Linnzus). Picus lineatus LINNXuS, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 174. Ceophleus lineatus HARGITT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVIII, 1890, 508 (Brazil and Peru, north into Costa Rica). — SALVIN and GOopDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1895, 451 (Chiriqui, southward). — BANGs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 293 (Boruca, El Pézo and Paso Real de Térraba [Underwood]). U.S. Nat. Museum: Pigres (Ridgway and Zeledon). Bangs Collection: El General de Térraba (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Guapiles, co’ (Carriker and Crawford); Pozo Azul de Pirris, El] Pozo de Térraba (Carriker). Four skins. In the Catalogue of the Birds of the British Museum, Hargitt mentions the fact that Costa Rican examples of C. “meatus were not quite typical, but he did not think them separable. I find that all birds from southwestern Costa Rica are very close to true “meatus of South America, some even being indistinguishable from them, but as one goes northward they gradually become intermediates between /ne- y CARRIKER: List OF THE Birps or CosTA RICA. 593 atus and scapularis, until in the northwestern and northeastern portions (with a few exceptions) nearly all birds are very close to scapularis, some being quite typical of that form. With such intergradation present, it becomes impossible to recognize C. scapularis and /ineatus as distinct species, and accordingly scapularis becomes a subspecies of lineatus, the latter being the one first described. | This bird is not common on the Caribbean slope, there being very few records for it from that region, neither is it found on the plateau region. Its zone of greatest abundance is in the lowlands of Miemraciic, up to about 2,000 feet. I did not take it at all in southeastern Costa Rica, nor do I recollect of ever having seen the bird there, but did take it in the northeastern portion, so that it would seem that the bird crosses from the Caribbean over to the Pacific at the depression of land lying along the boundary between Costa Rica and Nicaragua. 330. Ceophlceus lineatus scapularis (Vigors). Picus scapularis Vicors, Zool. Jour., IV, 1829, 354 (San Blas, Mexico). Dryocopus scapularis LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 130 (Costa Rica [Frantzius] ‘‘ Cabanis ’’).— FRANTzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 364 (Costa Rica). Ceophleus scapularis CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1862, 176 (Aguacate Mts. [Frant- zius]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 123 (La Candelaria). — HaroeitT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVIII, 1890, 510 (Costa Rica [Carmiol]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1895, 450 (Mexico to Costa Rica). — Bancs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 293 (Barranca de Puntarenas [Underwood]). U. S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeledon), Bonilla (Basulto). Bangs Collection : Bolson, Tenorio and Pozo Azul de Pirris (Under- wood ). C. H. Lankester Collection ; Miravalles. Carnegie Museum; Volcan de Turrialba, 2,000 feet, northern slope (Carriker & Crawford) ; Boruca (Carriker). ‘Two specimens. ‘In placing references to these two races in Costa Rica it is impossible to be certain about them without seeing the specimens themselves, for the birds of both forms crop out in most unexpected places. For ex- ample, I took a nearly typical specimen of /7eazus at Guapiles, in north- eastern Costa Rica, while one specimen from Boruca is just as nearly typical of the northern race, scapularis. ‘The birds no doubt inter- breed in Costa Rica, and it is only perfectly natural that intermediate 594 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. birds should occur as well as occasionally a reversion to the type of one form or the other, hence the occasional specimens nearly typical of the northern or southern race which are taken in localities where the opposite form is predominant. See notes on preceding species for range, etc. 330. Picumnus olivaceus flavotinctus (Ridgway). Picumnus olivaceus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 1845, 7, 111 (Bogota). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 46 (Palmar, Boruca, Térraba, and Buenos Aires). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1895, 452, part (Honduras to Ecuador). Picumnus granadensis HARGITT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVIII, 1890, 549, part (Chiriqui and Panama). Picumnus flavotinctus RipGwAy, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XI, 1888, 543 (Pézo Azul de Pirris, Sept., 1886 [Alfaro]). Picumnus olivaceus flavotinctus BANGS, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 293 (Boruca, Paso Real and El Pézo de Térraba [Underwood]). U.S._Nat. Museum ; Pézo Azul de Pirris (Alfaro). Bangs Collection ; El General de Térraba and Pézo Azul de Pirris (Underwood). Carnegie Museum; Boruca and Buenos Aires de Térraba (Carriker). Twelve skins. This tiny little woodpecker is found in Costa Rica only in the ex- treme southwestern portion of the Pacific lowlands, from Chiriqui north to Pézo Azul de Pirris, but is quite abundant in some localities in this area. It is usually found in low, vine-covered jungle, near streams, rather than in the heavy virgin forest, although it is present there also. It is always seen in pairs and is very tame and easily approached. Family PTEROPTOCHID:. 332. Scytalopus argentifrons Ridgway. Scytalopus argentifrons RIDGWAY, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 475 (Vole can de Irazi, Costa Rica, April 23, 1891 [A. Alfaro]; Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.), XVI, 1893, 613 (Volcan de Irazi).— SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 246 (reference to descr.). U.S. Nat. Museum: San Juan de Irazt (Ridgway and Alfaro) ; La Estrella de Cartago. Bangs Collection: Volcan de Irazi (Underwood). Fleming Collection: Volcan de Irazti and Carrillo (?) (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Volcan de Irazu, Ujurras de Térraba, Volcan de Turrialba (Carriker). ‘Thirteen skins. GCARRIKER: LIST OF THE BirDS OF CosTa RICA. 595 Few specimens of this'bird are collected in the fully adult plumage, having the prominent silvery streak on each side of the pileum. It is quite probable that the birds acquire this gradually, and that the older the bird, the more pronounced becomes the silvery color. The species ranges over the whole of the interior of the country, from an altitude of perhaps 6,000 feet up to the timber-line on the high volcanoes. In Mr. Fleming’s collection is a skin taken by Under- wood and labelled ‘‘ Carrillo,’’ which is undoubtedly an error, the skin probably having become mixed with other birds from Carrillo and labelled wrongly. Ina month’s collecting there I never saw the bird, neither did I get it at La Hondura, higher up the Rio Sucio gorge at not less than 4,000 feet, although conditions there seemed very favorable for its presence. It is partial to cold humid forests, and always keeps on or near the ground, among the masses of brush and ferns found at high altitudes where there is much moisture. I found them quite common at Ujurras de Térraba, high up on the crest of the continental divide, and had very good opportunities to study them in life. (For additional notes on habits, see page 332, Intro- duction. ) Family FORMICARIIDA. KEY TO THE COSTA RICAN SPECIES. I. Tail equal in length to wing, or if shorter, the difference not greater than the length of the hind claw. a, Either barred or spotted prominently both above and below. b. Heavily spotted with black over back, wings, and breast; throat black; chest chestnut. Phenostictus macleannani saturatus, $, Q. bb. Barred above and below, but not spotted. ¢. Black above and below, finely barred throughout (except pileum) with white. Cymbilanius lineatus fasciatus, S- cc. Black above (except chestnut pileum), narrowly barred with buff-och- raceous; buff-ochraceous below, finely barred with black. Cymbilanius lineatus fasciatus, Q. . aa. Neither barred nor spotted above or below. b. Entire body black or very dark ashy, with more or less white on shoulders or wing-coverts. c. Whole body almost entirely black, no ashy below. d. Size small (wing 50 mm.); wing-coverts tipped with roundish white spots, shoulder white and tail tipped with white. Formicivora boucardi virgata, 3. dd. Size larger (wing 80 mm.); entirely black, except edge of shoulder white. Myrmecizaimmaculata, fo. cc. Ashy black above and grayish-ash below, shoulder white, wing-coverts black, tipped with white. Cercomacra tyrannina crepera, 3. 596 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. bb. Only back black or else no black except on tail, wings and head. c. Back black with concealed white; wing-coverts tipped with round white ~ spots; entire lower parts reddish-chestnut; size small (wing 50 mm.),. | Formicivora boucardi virgata, 2. ce. Back not black. d. Upper and lower parts umber-brown, paler below; lores, narrow superciliary line, chin, sides of head and rectrices, black. Myrmelastes immaculatus, 2. dd. Upper parts olive-brown, lower parts cinnamon-ochraceous; wings and tail darker olive-brown. Cercomacra tyrannina crepera, 2. II. Tail at least half the length of the wing, usually more, but always shorter by - much more than the length of the hind claw. a. Upper parts entirely black, slaty-black, or slate-gray mixed with black, but never with olive or brownish tinge; with or without concealed white. b. Under parts entirely black, slate-gray, or black and slate-gray, never partially white. c. Under parts deep black, like above. d. Whole crown bare of feathers (blue in life); white edging to wing- coverts very narrow (.5 to I mm.). . Gymnocichla nudiceps erratilis, 3. dd. Only front of crown, from middle of eye forward, bare of feathers; white edgings to coverts broader (1 to 2 mm.). Gymnocichla cheiroleuca, 3. cc. Under parts wholly or partially slate-gray. d. Throat and chest black, rest below slate-gray; wing-coverts tipped with white. e. Size larger (wing, 73; tail, 65 mm.); upper parts deep black. Thamnophilus bridgesi, 8. ee. Size smaller (wing, 54; tail, 38 mm.); upper parts slate-gray. Myrmotherula ménétriési schisticolor; 3. dd. Entire under parts deep ashy-gray; pileum and stripe down middle of back black, rest above ashy-gray; wing-coverts and scapulars broadly edged with white. Thamnophilus nevius atrinucha, $ bb. Under parts partially or wholly white. c. Entirely white below, except flanks and under tail-coverts black, winge coverts tipped with white; size larger (wing, 90). Thamnophilus transandeanus, 3. cc. Only sides and flanks white; rest below either black or slate-gray (wing, 55). d. Under parts (except flanks) deep black. Myrmotherula melena, 8. dd. Under parts slate-gray, blackish in middle of breast, upper parts slate-gray. Myrmotherula axillaris, & (extralimital). aa. Upper parts (except sometimes pileum) not black, or, if black, thickly barred with white. b. Entire upper parts black, thickly barred with white, except pileum which is streaked (mostly concealed); lower parts white, barred with black. i ie tll a eal es Bid | CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF COSTA RICA. 597 c. White bars above broader and more conspicuous, lower parts with much more white than black (Pacific slope). Thamnophilus doliatus pacificus, 8. cc. White bars above narrow, black and white about evenly divided below; (Carribean slope). Thamnophilus doliatus mexicanus, S. bb. Upper parts never barred with white, and never black, except sometimes on pileum. c. Under parts uniformly buff-och:eceous, or bright cinnamon-brown. d. Bright chestnut-brown above, sides of head and nuchal collar streaked with black and buffy. Thamnophilus doliatus pacificus and mexicanus, 2. dd. Upper parts dull grayish-olive or sepia-brown. e. Under parts bright cinnamon-brown; size larger (wing, 75 mm.). f. Upper parts uniform light sepia; wing-coverts dusky brown, tipped with chestnut. Gymnocichla nudiceps erratilis, 2. ff. Upper parts dark sepia, pileum paler; wings brighter brown, coverts blackish, without lighter tips. Gymnocichla cheiroleuca, 2. ee. Under parts bright buff-ochraceous, under tail-coverts ruddier; above dull grayish-olive; smaller (wing, 55). Myrmotherula ménétriést schisticolor, 2. cc. Under parts variously colored, but never as above. d. Under tail-coverts dark brown or chestnut, and may or may not be a different color from abdomen, but never mixed with white. e. Under parts (except flanks and vent) uniform slaty-black or pure white. f. Under parts pure white, above rich chestnut-rufous. . Thamnophilus transandeanus, 9 - ff. Under parts uniform slaty-black, also pileum. g. Lesser and middle wing-coverts black in abrupt contrast to the brown quills, and tipped with white; concealed white on back; black of crown extending over upper back. Myrmeciza lemosticia, g. gg. Wing-coverts concolorous with wing and back (chestnut- brown); no concealed white on back, and black confined to pileum. h. Lower parts more slaty (Pacific). Myrmeciza occidentalis, s. hh. Lower parts more black (Carribean). Myrmeciza exsul, g. ee. Under parts variouly colored, but never slaty-black or white. f. Throat deep black (not slaty), unmarked. g. Whole chest and breast bright chestnut-rufous; upper tail- coverts concolorous with lower, in abrupt contrast to the rich olive-sepia of back. Formicarius rufipectus, 6, 2. gg. Chest dark ashy-olive or sooty-gray, slightly darker than breast and abdomen; upper parts rich seal-brown or bistre. 598 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. h. More or less of a chestnut-brown patch on sides of neck. i. Brown on sides of neck confined to the postocular region, scarcely visible from below. Formicarius umbrosus, &, Q-« ii. Brown patch passing around on front of throat, almost meeting on jugulum, forming an interrupted jugular collar; lower parts dull grayish-olive. Formicarius hoffmanni, 3, 2. hh. No brown on sides of neck; whole head, neck, and chest black, breast fading into sooty-slate on abdomen and flanks. Formicarius nigricapillus, 8, 2. f. Throat slate-color or else black, spotted with white. g. Chest concolorous with abdomen or bright brown, not slaty; throat slate-color. h. Lower parts dark seal-brown; whole pileum and nape slaty- black (Carribean lowlands). Myrmeciza exsul, Q. hh. Lower parts rich ruddy-brown, only fore part of pileum slaty-black; (Pacific lowlands). Myrmeciza occidentalis, 2. gg. Chest dark slate-color; throat black, spotted with white; flanks and back dark, rich brown. Myrmeciza lemosticta, 2. dd. Under tail-coverts variously colored, but not uniformly brown or chestnut. e. Back bright chestnut-brown, wing-coverts and tertials broadly tipped with cinnamon-buff or brown. f. Throat black; breast white, heavily spotted with black; flanks ashy. Hylophylax nevioides, 6. ff. Throat whitish; spots on chest olive-brown; flanks grayish-olive. Hylophylax nevioides, 2. ee. Back not bright chestnut-brown. f. Whole throat and median portion of chest and breast pure white; upper parts dark seal-brown. . Gymnopithys bicolor olivascens, 8, 2. ff. Throat and breast not white (immaculate). g. Throat or chest or both, streaked or mottled with white and black or dusky; never uniformly colored. h. Sides of head and neck cinnamon-buff. z. Bill long and slender (longer than tarsus); throat indis- tinctly mixed with white and blackish; rest of lower parts bright buffy. Rhamphocenus rufiventris, $, Q. ; zi. Bill shorter than tarsus; centre of throat whitish, sur- rounded by black; breast ashy; flanks dull grayish-brown. Rhamphocenus semitorquatus, 8, Q. hh. Sides of head and neck not cinnamon-buffy. i. Middle and greater wing-coverts prominently tipped with buff-ochraceus or white. ee ee ee i ee GAPRIKER: LIST OF THE Birps or Costa RIca. 599 j. Throat feathers black, white terminally; chest not streaked; uniformly grayish-olive above; breast and abdomen dull buffy-olive. Myrmotherula fulviventris, 2. jj. Throat feathers not black basally; chest streaked; upper parts grayish-olive or olive-brown, k. Pileum slate-gray or buffy-brown, streaked with black, but never spotted; back grayish-olive. I, Pileum slate-gray, throat and chest ashy, streaked with white and black; flanks buffy-olive. Dysithamnus striaticeps, &. ll. Pileum brown; under parts nearly uniformly buff- ochraceus, finely penciled with black on throat and chest. Dysithamnus striaticeps, 2. kk. Pileum black, spotted with white or with buff-och- raceous. l. Upper part slate-gray, spots on head white; below white, breast streaked with black; sides, flanks, and belly cinereous. Dysithamnus puncticeps, 6 (extralimital). ll. Upper parts brownish, spots on head rufous; ab- domen pale fulvous. Dysithamnus puncticeps, 2 (extralimital). ii. Middle and greater wing-coverts not tipped with white (only lesser); pileum black, penciled with white; lower parts grayish-olive, streaked on throat and breast with white. Thamnophilus bridgesi, 2. gg. Neither throat nor chest streaked or mottled. h. Wings and tail bright chestnut-rufous; upper parts rich brownish-olive, below yellowish-olive. Thamnistes anabatinus saturatus, 6, Q. hh. Wings and tail not rufous-chestnut. 7. Back and wings grayish-olive, with a decided greenish tinge; pileum slate-gray. j. Throat and chest pale ashy, slightly mixed with white; abdomen pale yellow, flanks olive. Dysithamnus mentalis septentrionalis, S. jj. Chest olive, like flanks; grayish-white of throat slightly greenish. Dysithamnus mentalis septentrionalis, 2. zi. Back and wings grayish-brown or brownish-ash; pileum pearly or quite concolorous with back. j. Size larger (wing, 65 mm.); decidedly brownish above; wing-coverts tipped with buffy and lower parts dull grayish-buffy, with slight olive tinge; tail tipped with white. Thamnophilus nevius atrinucha, Q. jj. Size smaller (wing, 52 mm.); brownish-ashy above. 600 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. k. Wing-coverts conspicuously tipped with buff-ochra- ceous: lower parts quite uniformly deep buff-och- raceous. Myrmotherula fulviventris, Q. kk, Wing-coverts not conspicuously tipped (if at all); throat and flanks paler buff than breast. My motherula axillaris, 2 (extralimital). Myrmotherula melena, 2. III. Tail much less than half the length of the wing (usually about one third); legs strong and long. (Terrestrial forms.) a. Size large (wing, 95 to 110 mm.). b. Lower parts strongly barred with black and white; pileum black; back and wings rich seal-brown, middle of back slightly streaked with black. c. Throat black. Pittasoma michleri zeledoni, 6. cc. Throat barred with buffy-white. Pittasoma michleri zeledoni, 2. bb. Lower parts plain cinnamon-brown, with some dusky mottling on throat; pileum ashy; back olive-green, feathers edged with black; wings rich brown. Grallaria guatemalensis princeps, 8, 2. 6. Flanks and under tail-coverts cinnamon-buffy or cinnamon-rufous; upper parts dark ashy with a few buffy streaks or spots on scapulars; throat white. c. Cinnamon-buffy confined to flanks and under tail-coverts; breast buffy- white, heavily streaked with black. Hylopezus intermedius, 8, 2. cc. Cinnamon-rufous covering chest as well as sides, flanks, and under tail- coverts; black streaks on chest narrow and irregular. Hylopezus dives, 6, Q. bb. Flanks and under tail-coverts white or only slightly tinged with olive-buff; throat and belly white; back ashy olive-brown. | ¢. Chest cinnamon-rufous, scarcely streaked; pileum nearly colo: of back; size small (wing,60 mm.). Grallaricula flavirostris costaricensis, 8, 2. cc. Chest buff-ochraceous, broadly streaked with black; pileum ashy-olive; size larger (wing, 80 mm.). Hylopezus lizanoi, 6, Q. 333. Cymbilanius lineatus fasciatus Ridgway. Cymbilanius lineatus GRAY, Gen. Birds, 1840, 36.— LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 107 (Angostura [J. Carmiol]). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 178, part (Angostura [Carmiol]). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 194, part (Costa Rican references). Cymbilanius lineatus fasciatus RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VI, 1883, 415 (Rio Sucio [Cooper]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 114 (Jiménez). — RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 499 (Rio Frio, Rio Stcio, Siptrio, Angostura). U.S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo and Bonilla (Ridgway and Zeledon), Jiménez (Alfaro) (Verrill) (Cherrie) (Castro). Bangs Collection: La Vijagua and Carrillo ; three specimens ( Under- wood). CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. 601 Carnegie Museum: Carrillo, El Hogar, Cuabre de Talamanca (Carriker). Six specimens. Confined entirely to the Caribbean lowlands and foot-hills, below 2,000 feet. It is quite a rare bird in Costa Rica, and not often taken. They inhabit the thick jungle in places where there are not many large trees to keep out the sun, permitting the undergrowth to become very dense. I also found them in patches of wild cane along the Sicsola River. They are almost entirely arboreal in their habits, very quiet, and not easily alarmed ; and, if they have any call, I never heard it. , 334. Thamnophilus transandeanus Sclater. Thamnophilus transandeanus SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1855, 18 (Guayaquil, Ecuador). Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 185 (Tucurriqui [Arcé]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 114 (Jiménez, Las Trojas, and Pacuare). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 198 (Costa Rica to Ecuador; C. R. references). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 41 (Palmar, Boruca, Buenos Aires). — BANGs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 296 (Bo- ruca, El Pé6zo, Lagarto, and Barranca de Térraba [Underwood]). Thamnophilus melanocrissus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 107 (Tucur- riqui [Arcé]; coll. O. Salvin). moo, Nat. Museum: Jiménez (Verrill) (Alfaro), Pdézo Azul de Pirris (Underwood). Bangs Collection: El General de Térraba and Pozo Aztl de Pirris (Underwood). Fleming Collection : Cariblanco de Sarapiqui (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Guacimo (Carriker & Crawford) ; Rio Sicsola, Mimitoegar, Fl Pozo de Térraba, Boruca (Carriker). Seventeen . Skins. This ant-thrush is fairly common in most of the lowlands of both the Caribbean and Pacific, up to about 1,500 feet. Like the pre- ceding species, it is not found in heavy, dark forest, but in wild cane and thick jungle, with only scattering trees here and there. ‘This species is also very fond of the large patches of ‘‘ wild plantains ’’ so common along the streams of the lowlands and in many places in the forest on the Caribbean side. It is very tame, almost entirely arboreal, and hasa rather harsh call, not often heard. It is almost always seen in pairs. 335. Thamnophilus bridgesi Sclater. Thamnophilus bridgest SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1856, 356 (David, Chiriqui, Panama [Bridges]); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 194 (no C. R. record). — Il-Awr- 602 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. ENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 107 (San Mateo [Cooper]). — ZELEDON, — An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 114 (Las Trojas, Pézo Azil de Pirris). —_ | SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 199 (Costa Rica and Panama). — CHERRIE, Auk, X, 1893, 279 (Pacific slope to 2000 feet; critical); Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 41 (Palmar, Boruca, Lagarto, Térraba). — Bancs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 296 (Boruca, Paso Real, El Pézo and Lagarto de Térraba [Underwood)]). Thamnophilus punctatus CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1861, 241 (Costa Rica [Hoffe mann]). — SALVIN, Ibis, 1870, 110 (Costa Rica [Carmiol]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 114 (Las Trojas and Pézo Azitl de Pirris). —. | SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 191 (Costa Rica and Veragua). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 198 (Costa Rica and Panama). — CHERRIE, Auk, X, 1893, 279 (critical). U. S. Nat. Museum: Pozo del Pital (Cherrie), Pozo Azul de Pirrs (Zeledon ), Las Trojas (Alfaro), Pigres (Ridgway and Zeled6n). Bangs Collection: P6zo Azul de Pirris, El] General and Buenos Aires de Térraba, Tenorio (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Pozo Azul de Pirris, Boruca, Buenos Aires, El Pozo de Teérraba, Esparta (Carriker). Twenty-nine skins. From 1861 until 1893 the male and female of this Zzammnophilus were each known under separate names, 7. drdges¢ for the female, and 7. punctatus for the male. In 1893 Mr. Cherrie pointed out the error, which is easily seen by anyone studying the birds alive, or examining a large series of properly sexed skins. This bird is found only on the Pacific lowlands and in the foot-hills up to not more than 2,000 feet. It is very abundant in the southern part of the country, from Pé6zo Aztl southward, but is found in diminishing numbers as far north as the Volcan de Tenorio (at least) where Mr. Underwood secured a small series in 1908. ‘The birds are usually found in heavy forest, frequenting the undergrowth and low limbs of the trees, and are always seen in pairs or small flocks in company with other ant- thrushes or tanagers. ‘They are very tame and easily approached, seeming to have no fear. ‘They have a rather weak, not unpleasant note, which is usually heard when the bird is unaware of the presence of an intruder. I did not find the nest. 336. Thamnophilus nevius atrinucha Salvin and Godman. Thamnophilus nevius LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 107 (Angostura and Pacuare [J. Carmiol]).— Boucarp, P. Z. S., 1878, 60 (San Carlos). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 114 (Angostura). Thamnophilus atrinucha SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, IT, 1892 200 (type from Panama). s *] CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. 603 U. S. Nat. Museum: Reventazén (Carranza), Talamanca (Cherrie), Jiménez (Verrill). C. H. Lankester Collection : Guacimo. Carnegie Museum: Guacimo (Carriker & Crawford) ; Guacimo, Cuabre, Rio Sicsola, Kl Hogar (Carriker). Fourteen skins. Upon comparing Z. atrinucha with 7. nevius of South America, I find the differences between the two birds too small to admit of specific distinction, and have therefore placed it as a subspecies of T. nevius, the form first described. The range of 7. nevius atrinucha in Costa Rica is confined to the Caribbean lowlands and lower foot-hills, the bird scarcely ever being found higher than 1,500 feet and then only up the large river-valleys. It is much more abundant in the low flat land lying along the coast, especially along the lower portion of the Sicsola River. It, too, prefers the thick, matted jungle to the heavier forest-growth, and like all the members of the genus is very tame and rather stupid. I took a single nest of this species on the Sicsola River, August 6, 1904, containing two badly incubated eggs. The nest is of the vireo type, made of rootlets, moss, and weed-fibers, lined with fine, reddish weed-fiber and decorated on the outside with moss. It was hung in a horizontal fork of a small shrub, four feet from the ground, and near a small creek in the deep forest. ‘The outside diameter of the nest is about four and one-half inches ; inside three and one-half inches. ‘The eggs are creamy-white, thickly and heavily blotched and speckled with reddish-brown and lilac. Measurements: 24 X 16.5 and 24.5 x 17 MMe 337. Thamnophilus doliatus mexicanus Allen. Lanius doliatus LINNEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 136 (South America). Thamnophilus doliatus ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 114, part (Jiménez, Cartago, Naranjo de Cartago). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 207, part (no Costa Rican specimens). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 202, part (Costa Rican references). Thamnophilus nigricristatus BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 60, part (San Carlos). Thamnophilus doliatus mexicanus ALLEN, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., II, 1880, 151 (Mexico; crit.). — RmpGway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., X XI, 1908, 192 (Atlantic slope from southern Tamaulipas, Mexico, to Costa Rica). Carnegie Museum: Juan Vifias (Carriker). Three males. The eastern or rather northern race of Z. doliatus is confined to the northeastern portion of Costa Rica (thence northward) in the Carib- 604 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. bean foothills, but does not descend into the lowlands. The only place I saw the bird was at Juan Vifias, where it was found in the thickets of the pastures and on the steep hillsides overgrown with a dense jungle of shrubbery and wild plantains. It was not common and no females were seen; it being the breeding season, the females were probably incubating. 338. Thamnophilus doliatus pacificus Ridgway. Lanius doliatus LINN£US, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 136 (Cayenne). Thamnophilus doliatus CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1861, 242 (Costa Rica [Frant- zius]). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 107 (citation of Cabanis’ record). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 114, part (Las Trojas and P6zo Azul de Pirris). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 207, part (Nicoya [Arcé], San Mateo [Carmiol]). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 202, part (Costa Rican references). — CHERRIE, Auk, I X, 1892, 250 (San José, a rare straggler); Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 41. (Lagarto, Boruca, and Buenos Aires). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 440 (Bebedéro). — BAaNncs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 296 (Boruca, Paso Real and El Pézo de Térraba [Underwood!). Thamnophilus affinis LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 107 (San José [Frantzius], San Mateo and Sarchi [Cooper]). Thamnophilus nigricristatus BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 60, part (San Mateo). Thamnophilus doliatus affinis NUTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 396 (La Palma de Nicoya). Thamnophilus doliatus pacificus RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., X XI, 1908, 193 (type from Chinandega, Nicaragua; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus. [Hicks]; Pacific slope from Chiapas, Mexico, to western Panama). U. S. Nat. Museum: Bebedéro (Underwood), Pdzo Azul de Pirris (Zeledon), Coyolar (Alfaro). Bangs Collection: Buenos Aires and El General ‘de Térraba, Bolson, Coralillo (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Bebedéro, Miravalles, Bagaces, Boruca, and Buenos Aires (Carriker), Puriscal (Underwood). Seventeen skins. The west coast Central American form of Z: do/iatus is found in Costa Rica over the whole of the Pacific lowlands and lower slopes, occasionally straggling up as high as San José (3,500 feet). It is most abundant in Guanacaste and in the Térraba Valley, the condi- tions present in those two regions being more suited to the habits of the birds. They are not forest inhabitants, but keep in the thickets and open scrubby woodland, especially along the borders of the ‘‘sabanas.’’ I found them very abundant around Buenos Aires in CARRIKER : LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. 605 the low second-growth scrub in the river valley below the village. They are tame and rather stupid, like all of the genus, and easily approached. 339. Thamnistes anabatinus saturatus Ridgway. Thamnistes anabatinus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1860, 299 (Choctum, Guatemala). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 107 (Angostura [J. Carmiol], Tucurriqui [Zeled6n]). — FRANTzIUs, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 305 (Costa Rica). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 114 (Angostura, Pacuare, and Naranjo de Cartago).— ScLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 216 (Angostura [Carmioll, Tucurriqui [Arcé]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 205 (Costa Rican references). Thamnistes anabatinus saturatus RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., X XI, 1908, 193 (Bonilla, Costa Rica [Ridgway]). U. S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeledon), Pozo del Fatal Cherrie), Jiménez (Verrill). Bangs Collection: La Vijagua and Carrillo (Underwood). eee. ankester Collection: Tuis. Fleming Collection : Pdzo Azul de Pirris (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Guacimo, Guapiles, La Hondura, Carrillo, El Hogar, El Pozo de Térraba (Carriker) ; Cariblanco de Sarapiqui (Underwood). ‘Ten skins. Mr. Ridgway has recently separated the southern birds from those of Guatemala and southern Mexico (the type locality) on the ground that they are darker, have the wings browner, and are on the whole much less ochraceous. ‘The large series of Costa Rican specimens which I have examined bears out these differences, and it seems to be a well-marked race. The species is found fairly commonly (as ant-thrushes go) over the northern half of the Caribbean watershed from an altitude of about 800 feet up to 3,000 or 4,000 feet. It is also very sparingly found in the southwestern Pacific lowlands, there being one record from Pozo Azul de Pirris, one from Rio Naranjo (P6zo del Pital) and one from El Pdézo de Térraba. I did not find the bird in southeastern Costa Rica, nor are there any records from that region. It is found in the thicker parts of the forest, especially where there are few large trees and much undergrowth and vines. ‘They are arboreal in their habits, but do not go high up in the trees. 606 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 340. Dysithamnus mentalis septentrionalis Ridgway. Dysithamnus semicinereus SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1855, 90 (Bogota, Colombia); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 221, part (Guaitil [Carmiol]). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 107 (Turrialba, Dota, Grecia [F. Carmiol], Guaitil [J. Carmiol!). — FRANTzIUuS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 305 (Costa Rica). — Bou- — CARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 60 (Juan Vifias). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 114 (Cartago, Turrialba and Dota). — SALvIN and GopMan, Biol. — Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 206 (Costa Rican references). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 41 (near headwaters of Rio Platinar, near Buenos Aires de Térraba; one specimen). Dysithamnus mentalis septentrionalis RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., X XI, 1908, 193 (type from Vera Paz, Guatemala; Panama to Guatemala). U.S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeledon), Naranjo de Cartago (Cooper), Buena Vista (Castro and Fernandez), La Lagu- naria de Dota (Basulto). Bangs Collection: El General, large series; Cariblanco de Sarapiqui (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Cachi. Carnegie Museum: Juan Vifias and Las Mesas (Carriker). Three skins. This ant-thrush is found only in the higher portions of the Caribbean slope, from 2,000 to 4,000 feet, and in the foothills of the south- western portion of the Pacific slope. It seems to be a common bird about El] General de Térraba, Underwood getting a large series of speci- mens atthatplace. Itis perhaps most abundant on the Caribbean slope in the region of Juan Vifias, where different collectors have taken it. Cherrie records one specimen from near Buenos Aires, but I saw none there. This bird is found in the heavy forest, rather low down amongst the undergrowth and low trees, is sluggish in its habits and quite tame. It has a weak, rather pleasing note, similiar to that of D. striaticeps. 341. Dysithamnus striaticeps Lawrence. Dysithamnus striaticeps LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VIII, 1865, 130 (Angostura [J. Carmiol]); IX, 1868, 107 (do.). — FRANTzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 305 (Costa Rica). — BoucarD, P. Z. S., 1878, 60 (San Carlos). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. de C. R., I, 1887, 115 (Angostura). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 223 (Valsa, Costa Rica [J. Carmiol]). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 208 (Costa Rican references). — UNDER- Woop, Ibis, 1896, 440 (Miravalles, very rare). U. S. Nat. Museum: Reventazon (Carranza). Bangs Collection: La Vijagua (Underwood ). CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BrRDS or Costa RICA. 607 Carnegie Museum: Gudapiles and Guacimo (Carriker & Crawford), Rio Sicsola, Carrillo, El Hogar (Carriker). Thirteen skins. This Dyszthamnus is confined entirely to the Caribbean foothills, is rarely seen below 800 feet and is most abundant at about 1,000 to 1,500 feet, especially in northeastern Costa Rica, where (at La Vijagua) Underwood took a series of fifty-one specimens. I found it common in the foot-hills south of the railroad from Guacimo to Car- rillo. It is found in the heavy forest, low down among the dense undergrowth and low trees, although it is not infrequently seen in more open spots. ‘The birds usually go about in small bands of from five to ten and are very tame and unsuspecting. I took the nest of this species near Jiménez, May 12, 1905, con- taining two badly incubated eggs. ‘The nest is of the vireo type, con- structed almost wholly of the black fibers from the stem of a woodland fern, much resembling black horse-hair, and covered over on the outside with green moss, which trailed down from the bottom for several inches. It was suspended from a horizontal fork of a small tree near the edge of the forest, about five feet from the ground. The female was incu- _bating, and did not leave the nest until nearly touched. The eggs are creamy-white, with a few large lilac shell-markings and speckled, dotted, and blotched more or less over the whole surface with purplish- chestnut, heavier about the larger end. Measurements: 21 X 15 and 20.5. 15.5 mm. 342. Myrmotherula fulviventris Lawrence. Myrmotherula fulviventris LAWRENCE, Ann.Lyc. N. Y., VII, 1862, 468 (Panama); IX, 1868, 108 (Angostura [J. Carmiol]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 115 (Pacuare and Jiménez).— ScCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 234 (Angostura [Carmiol]). — SALVIN and GOODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 210 (Costa Rican references; Honduras to Ecuador). U. S. Nat. Museum: Jiménez (Alfaro), Rio Matina (Cherrie), Reventazon (Carranza). Bangs Collection: La Vijagua and Carrillo (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Guapiles and Guacimo (Carriker & Crawford) ; Cuabre, Carrillo, El Hogar (Carriker). Fourteen skins. Very little has been recorded concerning this little ant-thrush, and not many specimens of it are in collections from Costa Rica. It is confined to the Caribbean lowlands, from sea-level up to not more than 1,500 feet. It is most abundant at about 600 to 800 feet, that is 608 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. just below the last of the foothills, where the land is quite level and the forest heavy. Although arboreal in their habits they keep very close to the ground, in the low bushes and among the roots of the palms, etc., where they are continually hopping and clambering about. They have a low sweet chirp, which is frequently uttered when the birds are disturbed. They are almost invariably seen in small flocks, and usu- ally in company with other small ant-thrushes and occasionally wrens. I took a single nest of this species near Jiménez, May g, 1905, con- taining two partly incubated eggs. It was a cup-shaped structure, of the vireo type, and hung in the crotch of a small bush, in the thick forest about three feet from the ground. It was constructed almost entirely of black and brown rootlets, lined with the same, and measured about three and one half inches outside diameter, and two inches in inside depth and diameter. The eggs are purplish cream-colored, blotched, streaked, and scratched with purplish-chestnut. Measure- ments: (20.3 14.8 and 22) 5.x u5psemim, 343. Myrmotherula melezna (Sclater). Formicivora melena SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1857, 130 (Bogota, Colombia). Myrmotherula melena SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1858, 237 (Bogota). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 108 (Angostura and Pacuare [J. Carmiol]). — FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 305 (Costa Rica). — Boucarp, P. Z. S., 1878, 61 (San Carlos). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 115 (Pacuare, Naranjo de Cartago, Las Trojas, Barranca). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 239 (Angostura [Carmiol]). — SALVIN and Gop- MAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 211 (Costa Rica to Peru and Upper Amazon Valley; Costa Rican references). — RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 501 (Rio Frio). Myrmotherula albigula LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VIII, 1867, 131 (Angostura [Carmiol]; 2 of M. melena); IX, 1868, 108 (do.). Myrmotherula axillaris CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., V, 1908, 8 (Rio Sicsola, Costa Rica). U.S. Nat. Museum: Reventazon (Carranza), Jiménez (Alfaro and Cherric’). Bangs Collection: La Vijagua, Carrillo, and La Junta (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford) ; Rio Sicsola, El Hogar (Carriker). Fourteen skins. This handsome little species is confined to the Caribbean lowlands and lower slopes, from sea-level up to not more than 1,500 feet. Zeledon records it from two points on the Pacific slope (Las Trojas and Barranca; An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I., 1887, 115), but mosornes [bt CARRIKER: List OF THE BIRDS oF Costa RICA. 609 collectors have ever taken it in that region, nor are there other records from the Pacific side. I am inclined to doubt the correctness of Zeledon’s record, and think that it is confined strictly to the Carib- bean side, at least in Costa Rica. It seems that a few immature males of this species have a slate-gray phase, resembling very much specimens of JZ. axillaris of South America. I recorded two such birds as JZ axillaris (see synonymy above), and find three specimens of the same kind in a large series from La Vijagua. My birds were taken on the Sicsola river. This species is strictly arboreal in its habits and is not usually seen near the ground. ‘They go about in small bands in company with Formicivora boucardi and other small woodland birds. ‘They are rather noisy, constantly twittering and chirping after the manner of Formicivora. 344. Myrmotherula ménétriési schisticolor (Lawrence). Myrmothera menetriesi D’ORBIGNY, Voy. Am. Mer., Ois., 184 (Bolivia). Myrmotherula menetriesi SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1858, 237. — BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 61 (Juan Vifias). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., XV, 1890, 240 (Pé6zo Azial de Pirris and Barranca). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 240, part (Dota Mts. [Carmiol]).—SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.- Am., Aves, II, 1892, 211, part (Guatemala to Bolivia; Costa Rican refer- ences). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 41 (Lagarto, Boruca, and Térraba). — BANGs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 296 (Boruca and El Pézo de Térraba [Underwood]). Myrmotherula modesta LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 108 (Grecia {[F. Carmiol]; 2 of M. menetriesi schisticolor). Formicivora schisticolor LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VIII, 1867, 172 (Turri- alba [F. Carmiol]); IX, 1868, 108 (Turrialba and Barranca [F. Carmiol]). Myrmotherula menetriesi schisticolor RipGwAay MS., April, 1909. U. S. Nat. Museum: Naranjo de Cartago (Cooper), P6zo del Pital (Cherrie), Pézo Aztl de Pirris (Zeledon), La Lagunaria de Dota (Basulto). Bangs Collection: La Vijagua, El General de Térraba, and Tenorio (Underwood). Fleming Collection: Carrillo and Pézo Azil de Pirris (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Volcan de Turrialba, 2,000 feet (Carriker & Crawford); Pozo Azul de Pirris, Carrillo, Boruca (Carriker). Eight skins. Since the type of AZ. ménétriést d’Orbigny comes from Bolivia, it is rather to be expected that Central American birds should be at least 610 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. subspecifically, distinct. Lawrence described the Costa Rican bird as Formicivora schisttcolor in 1867, but his name has been universally placed under the synonymy of JZ. ménétriést. Mr. Ridgway, having © compared Costa Rican birds with those from South America has found them to be different, and has set up Lawrence’s name for the Central American bird. | This species has a wide range in Costa Rica, covering the whole of the Caribbean slope between about 1,000 and 3,000 feet, as well as the foothills and lowlands of the Pacific, where it is most abundant in the southwestern portion of the country, especially in the Térraba Valley. The habits of this species are very like those of the preced- ing, except that it is more inclined to be solitary, not going about in bands so much as does JAZ. melena. 345. Formicivora boucardi virgata (Lawrence). Formicivora boucardi SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1858, 300 (Acatepec, Mexico); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 254 (Péje and Angostura [Carmiol]). — LAw- RENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., 1X, 1868, 108 (Angostura, ‘‘ San José,’”’ and Pacuare [J. Carmiol]). — Boucarp, P. Z. S., 1878, 61 (San Carlos). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 115 (P6ézo Azul de Pirris, Pacuare, Jiménez, La Valsa). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 43 (Palmar, La- garto, Boruca, Buenos Aites). —SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 216 (Mexico to Panama; Costa Rican references). — BANGS, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 296 (Boruca, Paso Real, El Pézo, and Lagarto de Térraba | {Underwood]). Formicivora virgata LAWRENCE, Ibis, 1863, 182 (Panama). Formicivora boucardi virgata RipDGWAY MS., April, 1909. U. S. Nat. Museum: La Concepcion de Jiménez and Talamanca (Cherrie), Pozo Azul de Pirris (Zeledén), Jiménez (Alfaro and Carranza). Bangs Collection: El General and Buenos Aires de Térraba, P6zo Azul de Pirris, La Vijagua (Underwood). Fleming Collection: Carrillo (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford) ; Pézo Azul de Pirris, Rio Sicsola, El Hogar, El Pozo de Térraba (Carriker): Ten skins. Upon a comparison of Costa Rican specimens with birds from British Honduras, the difference is very apparent, the southern speci- mens being distinguished by having the pileum, nape, and scapulars black (in doucard? ashy), while the ashy abdomen and breast of the northern birds is almost wanting, the entire under parts being black. fF. b. virgata is also smaller. ' | | CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF COSTA RICA. 611 This species ranges over the whole of the Caribbean lowlands and up the slopes to about 2,000 feet, and on the Pacific lowlands from the Gulf of Nicoya southward, but not to so high an altitude as on the eastern side. In habits it is very similar to AZyrmotherula melena, inhabiting the heavy forest, and going about in small bands in company with other small woodland birds. The note is a weak chirp, not un- pleasing to the ear. It is probably the most abundant of the arboreal ant-thrushes in Costa Rica. Mr. Cherrie gives the following note on the habits of the male at the beginning of the breeding-season (Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 43): ‘‘ The time of nesting begins in February. ‘The enam- oured male executes a kind of dance before the female, making turns from one side to the other, with the wings dragging, the tail lifted and spread and tle feathers of the back raised and parted in the center, disclosing clearly the white patch ordinarily concealed.’’ ( Translated from the Spanish. ) 346. Rhamphocznus rufiventris (Bonaparte). Scolopacinus rufiventris BONAPARTE, P. Z.S., 1837, 119 (Guatemala [Velazquez}). Rhamphocenus rufiventris GRAY, Gen. Birds, I, 157, pl. 47, fig. 2. — SALVIN, Ibis, 1869, 319 (Bebedéro [Arcé]). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 261 (Bebedéro [Arcé]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 219 (Mexico to Colombia; Costa Rican references). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 440 (Miravalles). — BANGs, Anke XV, roo, 290 (Boruca, Paso Real, and El Pézo de Térraba [Underwood)). “U.S. Nat. Museum ; La Lagunaria de Dota (Basulto). Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia: Bebedéro (Underwood). Bangs Collection: El General de Térraba, Pézo Azul de Pirris, Bolson, Tenorio, La Vijagua (Underwood). Carnegie Museum ; Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford): Pozo Azul de Pirris, Cuabre, Guacimo, Bebedeéro, Miravalles, Carrillo, El Hogar, El Pézo de Térraba, Boruca (Carriker). Sixteen skins. Although this species has a very large range and covers nearly the whole of Costa Rica below 1,500 feet, it is not common, and very few specimens seem to have been taken by early collectors. Lawrence did not have a specimen of it when he issued his Catalogue in 13868, although Arcé had taken it at Bebedero previous to that time. Up to 1887 there was no Costa Rican specimen in the Museo Nacional de Costa Rica. It seems to be just as abundant on the Pacific as on the Caribbean 612 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. lowlands, but few are ever seenin any locality. The birds are fond of frequenting tangled jungle, where there are many vines, among which ~ they hop about searching for food. Nutting says that they have the habits of the nuthatches, but I have never seen them climbing. Apparently they do not associate much with other birds, going about in pairs only, and keeping close together. Like most small arboreal species they are quite tame and easily approached. I have never heard them utter any kind of a call. 347. Rhamphocenus semitorquatus Lawrence. Rhamphocenus semitorquatus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VII, 1862, 469 (Pana- ma [M’ Leannan]); I X, 1868, 108 (Valsa [J. Carmiol]). — BoucARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 61 (San Carlos, very rare). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 115 (Rio Siicio). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 262 (no Costa Rican specimens). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 219 (Costa Rica to Colombia; Costa Rican references). U.S. Nat. Museum: San Carlos and Jiménez (Alfaro) (Cherrie). Bangs Collection: La Vijagua and Carrillo (Underwood). Fleming Collection: Carrillo and Cariblanco de Sarapiqui (Under- wood ). Carnegie Museum: Guapiles and Guacimo (Carriker & Crawford) ; Cuabre, Carrillo, El Hogar (Carriker). Fourteen skins. This Rhamphocenus is restricted entirely to the Caribbean lowlands between sea-level and 1,500 feet. It is not abundant anywhere, but is perhaps more numerous in the upper part of the Santa Clara Valley ~ and thence northwestward along the base of the foothills to-Lake Nicaragua. I have seen it only in the heavy dark forest, where it keeps near the ground among the low bushes and roots of the trees, being usually seen in company with Myrmotherula fulviventris, Myrmetastes exsul and Leucolepis lawrencet. It is also inclined to be rather noisy when disturbed, chirping for a few moments and then skulking off among the undergrowth. 348. Cercomacra tyrannina crepera (Bangs). Pyriglena tyrannina SCLATER, P. Z.S., 1855, 90, 147, pl. 98 (Sante Fé de Bogota, Colombia). Cercomacra tyrannina SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1858, 245 (Bogota, Colombia); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 265, part (Tucurriqui [Arcé]). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, tog (Angostura [J. Carmiol]). —- FRANTzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 305 (Costa Rica). — BoucaArp, P. Z. S., 1878, 61 (San CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF COSTA RICA. 613 Carlos). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 115 (Pacuare, Pézo Azul de Pirris and Jiménez). — SALVIN and GopMaAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 214, part (Costa Rican references). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 42 (Lagarto, Boruca, Térraba, and Buenos Aires).— UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 440 (Miravalles). Cercomacra crepera BANGS, Auk, XVIII, 1901, 365 (Divala, Chiriqui, Panama). Cercomacra tyrannina crepera BANGS, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 296 (Boruca, El] P6zo, Paso Real, and Barranca de Térraba [Underwood]).— CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Museum, V, i, 1908, 8 (Bebedéro, Pézo Azil de Pirris, El Pézo de Térraba, Boruca, and Buenos Aires; critical). U.S. Nat. Museum: Talamanca (Cherrie), Jiménez (Alfaro), Pdzo Aztl de Pirris (Underwood), Pigres (Ridgway and Zeledon). ~ Bangs Collection: Pozo Azul de Pirris, Carrillo, Cerro de Santa Maria, Tenorio, La Vijagua El General de Térraba (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection : Guacimo. Fleming Collection: Pdzo Azul de Pirris, Carrillo, Miravalles (Under- wood ). Carnegie Museum: (see references under C. ¢. crepera, Ann. Carnegie Museum, V, i, 1908, 8). Thirty-two skins. Costa Rican specimens of this species vary a great deal in the in- tensity of the coloration, especially in the males, those from the Carib- bean slope and from northwestern Costa Rica being much darker than those from the southwestern region. In fact some of the birds from ‘Térraba are almost as pale as some of the Colombian speci- mens of true C. tyrannina. I should call the Caribbean birds typical of C. ¢. crepera (although the bird was described from the Pacific side of Chiriqui), and those from the Térraba district more or less in- termediate between C. ¢. ¢yrannina and C. ¢. crepera, but nearer to the latter, making all Costa Rican specimens referable to the dark race. This is the most abundant of all the Formicariide in Costa Rica, being found over the whole of the Caribbean lowlands up to about 1,500 feet and the Pacific lowlands up to 2,000 feet. They are rarely seen in the heavy dark forest, but inhabit the more open woodland where the undergrowth is very dense, and patches of wild cane along the river banks. ‘They are always seen in pairs, are very tame, and are always appearing in most unexpected places ; thereby making them- selves a great nuisance to the collector, who frequently mistakes them for something else, until after he has shot them. 614 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 349. Gymnopithys bicolor olivascens (Ridgway). Pithys bicolor LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 109 (Angostura [J. Car- miol]). — FRANTzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 306 (Costa Rica). — BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 62 (San Carlos). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I,. 1887, 115 (Navarro de Cartago). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 296 (Valsa [Carmiol]). Pithys bicolor olivascens RIDGWAY, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 460 (Santa Ana, Honduras). Gymnopithys olivascens SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 222 (Costa Rican references). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 42 (Boruca). Gymnopithys bicolor olivascens BANGS, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 296 (Boruca and El P6ézo de Térraba [Underwood]). U. 5. Nat. Musem: Jiménez and San Carlos (Alfaro). Bangs Collection: El General de Térraba, La Vijagua and Pozo Azul de Pirris (Underwood). C." He Lankester Collection, ua Florida: Fleming Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Guapiles and Volcan de Turrialba, 2,000 feet (Carriker & Crawford); Cuabre, Guacimo, Rio Sicsola, El Hogar, Paso Real de Térraba (Carriker). ‘Ten skins. Birds from the Pacific slope are slightly paler than Caribbean birds, especially on the flanks and abdomen, being less ruddy-brown. The difference is, however, too slight to be of importance. ‘This species has a wide range in Costa Rica, covering the whole of the Caribbean and Pacific lowlands (except in Guanacaste) up to about 2,000 feet. It is exclusively an inhabitant of the heavy forest, is both terrestrial and arboreal, and is very fond of feeding on the common migratory ant of that country, when it is usually to be seen in company with Myrmeciza, Phenostictus, and Formicarius, as well as several species of Dendrocolaptine birds. As a rule it is rather shy, skulking off quietly when disturbed. I have almost always seen it in small flocks of from four to eight. It would seem that the conspicuously white throat and breast would cause the birds to be easily seen, but it is just the contrary, giving the same result as white underparts in a mammal and rendering them much less conspicuous than any of the other species having the same habits. 350. Myrmeciza exsul Sclater. Myrmeciza exsul SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1858, 540 (Panama [Delattre]). Myrmeciza immaculata LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 109 (Pacuare CARRIKER *: LIST OF THE: Birps. OF COSTA. RICA. 615 and Angostura [J. Carmiol]). — FRANtzius, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 305 (Costa Rica). — Boucarp, P. Z. S., 1878, 61, part (San Carlos). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 115, part (Pacuare, Jiménez).— SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 279, part (Valsa [Carmiol]). — CHERRIE, Auk, VIII, 1891, 193 (Pacuare [Cooper], Jiménez [Cherrie & Alfaro], Carrillo {[Underwood]). Myrmeciza intermedia CHERRIE, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 340 (Sipurio de Talamanca [Zeled6én]). Myrmelastes intermedius SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 227 (Nicaragua to Panama; Costa Rican references). — CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., V, i, 1908, I0, in text (crit.). Myrmelastes exsul HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., XII, 1906, 340 (critical). U. S. Nat. Museum: Reventazon (Carranza), Jiménez (Alfaro). Bangs Collection: La Vijagua and Carrillo (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Cachi. Carnegie Museum: Guapiles and Volcan de Turrialba, 2,000 feet (Carriker & Crawford), Cuabre, Guacimo, Rio Sicsola, El Hogar (Carriker). Seventeen skins. Mr. Hellmayr (Nov. Zool., XII, 1906, 340) has proven conclusively that the type of A/yrmeciza exsul Sclater came from Panama, and that the Central American bird of the Caribbean lowlands must be known as VW. exsul. I am still undecided as to whether Costa Rican birds differ from typical 47. exsu/ of Panama, not having had sufficient material to settle that question in my own mind. However, the evi- dence at hand seems to indicate that they are the same, and I have thus indicated it by the name here given to the Costa Rican bird. The name of Myrmeciza tmmaculata Sclater and Salvin, given to Panaman specimens of this species, was given under the erroneous impression that the type of JAZyrmeciza exsul Sclater came from Ecuador and not Panama. Mr. Ridgway states (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXII, 1909, 74, footnote ) that he is unable to find characters justifying the recognition of a genus M/yrme/astes as distinguished from AZyrmeciza, with which opinion I quite agree, placing all species of the AZrmeciza type under that genus. In Costa Rica JZ. exsul is found only on the Caribbean low- lands and lower slopes, from sea-level up to about 2,000 feet, but is not common above 1,000 feet. It is found only in the heavy dark forests, and is almost entirely terrestrial in its habits, only occasionally hopping about on the elevated roots and in the low bushes. It is very 616 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. fond of feeding on the swarms of travelling ants so commonly met with in the lowlands. It has two different notes which are uttered on different occasions. The ordinary alarm note is heard only when the bird is disturbed, and is rapidly repeated and rather harsh. The call note is given by the male only, and is not often heard except dur- ing the breeding season. It consists of from two to five clear whistling notes of two different pitches, the first higher than the rest. Some- times but one note of the lower pitch will be given and again from two to four, but all of the sametone. ‘This call note is very similar to that of both Formicarius and Hylopezus, but with practice they can all be readily distinguished. , I took the nest of this species at Guapiles, July 13, 1905, contain- ing two fresh eggs. ‘The nest was made of leaves, weed-stalks, and roots, lined with fine brown weed-fiber, and placed in a cluster of ferns in the thick jungle, about a foot above the earth. The eggs are whitish, but suffused over nearly the whole surface with reddish-purple, and speckled, scrawled, and blotched with deep purplish-chestnut and lilac, gathered about the larger end in the form of a cap. Measure- ments: i222. \17 5 and 22.5 0 7 351. Myrmeciza occidentalis (Cherrie). Myrmeciza immaculata BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 61, part (San Mateo, Costa Rica). — NuTTING, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 398 (La Palma de Nicoya). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 115, part (Las, Trojas and Pézo Azul de Pirris). — ScCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 270, part. Myrmeciza immaculata occidentalis CHERRIE, Auk, VIII, 1891, 191 (type from Pé6zo Azul de Pirris [Zeledén] ; also Las Trojas [Alfaro] and Bebedéro [Under- wood]). Myrmelastes occidentalis CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 43 (Palmar, Boruca, Lagarto, and Buenos Aires). — CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., V, i, 1908, 10 (critical). Myrmelastes exsul occidentalis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., XII, 1906, 340 (critical). — Bancs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 296 (Boruca, Paso Real, El Pozé, and Barranca de Térraba [Underwood]). U.S. Nat. Museum: Pozo del Pital (Cherrie), Pozo Azulede teas (Underwood). Bangs Collection: Buenos Aires and El General de Térraba; Pd6zo Azul de Pirris (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Pozo Azul de Pirris, Esparta, El] Pézo de Térraba, Boruca, Buenos Aires (Carriker). ‘Twenty skins. Mr. Hellmayr, in recent critical remarks on this species, considers it CARRIKER: LIST: OF THE BIRDS OF CosTa RICA. 617 as only subspecifically distinct from JZ. exsu/, but upon comparing a large series of the two forms, the differences become so apparent and constant, without signs of intergradation, that I believe it entitled to specific rank. This form is confined to the Pacific lowlands and lower foothills of the southwestern portion of Costa Rica (Gulf of Nicoya southward) and Chiriqui. Its habits are essentially the same as those of AZ. exsul of the eastern side. A single nest of this bird was found at Pézo Azul de Pirris, May to, 1902, containing two partly incubated eggs. Both nest and eggs are very similar to those of JZ. exsu/, except that the nest of this bird was a little rougher, containing more twigs and roots, and was lined with fine black roots. It was also placed near the ground in the thick forest. The eggs are of about the same color, only a little paler, nearly the whole surface being obscured with specks, blotches, and scrawls of purplish-chestnut. Measurements: 23 x 17 and 24 x 17 mm. 352. Myrmeciza lemostica Salvin. Myrmeciza lemosticta SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1864, 382 (Tucurriqui [Arcé]). — LAaw- RENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., I X, 1868, tog (Tucurriqui [Arcé]; coll. O. Salvin). — FRANTZzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 305 (Costa Rica). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 280 (Costa Rica and Veragua). — SALVIN and Gop- MAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 230 (Costa Rican references). — HELLMAyR, Nov. Zool., XIII, 1906, 342 (crit.). Drymophila lemosticta CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus. V, i, 1908, 9 (crit.). Myrmeciza stictoptera LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VIII, 1867, 132 (Angostura, Costa Rica [Carmiol]) I X, 1868, tog (Angostura [J. Carmiol]). — FRANTZIUs, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 305 (Costa Rica). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.- Am., Aves, II, 1892, 230 (Costa Rican references). — CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 532 (San Carlos [Alfaro]). — HELLMayrR, Nov. Zool., XIII, £900; 342 (crit.). Drymopihila stictoptera CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Museum, V, i, 1908, 9 (crit,). U. S. Nat. Museum: San Carlos, two spcimens (Alfaro). Bangs Collection : Carrillo and La Vijagua (Underwood). ‘Ten speci- mens. C. H. Lankester Collection: La Florida. Carnegie Museum: Guapiles and Volcan de Turrialba, 2,000 feet (Carriker and Crawford), Cuabre, Carrillo, Peralta (Carriker). Six specimens. Mr. Hellmayr was the first one to publish anything in regard to the real status of the Costa Rican species of .Wyrmeciza (lemosticta and 618 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. stictoptera), giving very good proof of the fact that these two so-called species were merely male and female of one form (/emosticta). Ihad discovered the same thing some time previously, and in 1908 published a note on the same thing without having seen Mr. Hellmayr’s paper. There can be no question but that the birds are the same. I have taken then both together and the sexing of all the skins which I have seen gives further proof, if any were needed. This species in Costa Rica is confined to the foothills of the Carib- bean slope, between an altitude of 1,000 and 2,500 feet, inhabiting the heavy, dark, humid forests found everywhere in that region. I usually found it along the sides of some dark, damp ravine, on the ground or in the low bushes. It is not a common bird at all, and very few have been taken by collectors. 353. Myrmeciza immaculata (Lafresnaye). Thamnophilus immaculatus LAFRESNAYE,, Rev. Zool., 1845, 340 (Colombia). — SALVIN, Ibis, 1870, 114 (Tucurriqui, Costa Rica [Arcé]).— ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 114 (Costa Rica). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 189 (Tucurriqui [Arcé]). Myrmelastes immaculatus SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 225 (Costa Rican references). Myrmeciza zeledoni RipGway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., X XII, 1909, 74 (Guavenel Costas Rica; U.S: Nat... Mus: Coll:): U.S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo, March, 1908 (Ridgway and Zeledon); 3 and &. Bangs Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui, <% and 2; La Hondura, ? (Underwood). Fleming Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui (Underwood); one specimen. Carnegie Museum: La Hondura (Carriker), three 2’s ; Cariblanco de Sarapiqui, (Underwood) one &%. In a collection of birds recently received from western Colombia by Mr. Bangs, are six skins of AZyrmeciza tmmaculata (Lafresnaye), four females and two ‘males. After the closest comparison with three females and one male of the same species from Costa Rica, I cannot find a single character upon which Mr. Ridgway based his JZ, ze/edonz, which will hold good. ‘The birds are almost exactly alike in colora- tion, with the exception that the Costa Rican females are a very little richer brown on the throat and breast, but it is so small a difference that in some specimens it can scarcely be detected. The black on CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTa RICA. 619 the chin, malar, suborbital and auricular regions is exactly the same, while the blacker tail of the Costa Rican bird as given by Mr. Ridg- way is in some cases reversed. As for the measurements, the follow- ing list will show that they are so variable in birds from the same region, that they are of no value whatever. Costa RICAN SPECIMENS. Males. Females. Wing. ail: Bill. Wing. ian Bill. 78 85 23 mm. 15 80 22 mm. 79 74 Pare. 78 80 Ae Tandy COLOMBIAN SPECIMENS. Males. Females. Wing. anaes Bill. Wing. ‘Pail: Bill. 80 80 25 mm. 78 75 25 mm. 4 fe) 82 22.0% 81 82 Dae ny 82 70 224 alee 84 Did The Costa Rican range of this species covers the Caribbean slope from about 1,000 up to 4,000 feet, but it is a very rare bird, few specimens having ever been taken. It inhabits the dense, humid jungle of the above mentioned region and is quite similar in its habits to M. lemosticta. 354. Hylophylax nzvioides (Lafresnaye). Conopophaga nevioides LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 1847, 69 (Pasto, Cauca Valley, Colombia). Hypocnemis nevioides SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1858, 254 (Ecyador). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 109 (Angostura [J. Carmiol]; Turrialba [F. Carmiol]). —ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 115 (Jiménez, Pacuare, and Angostura). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 293 (Tucurriqui [Arcé], Angostura [Carmiol]).— SALvIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 231 (Costa Rican references). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 440 (Miravalles). Hypocnemis nevioides capnitis BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIX, 1906, 107 (Miravalles, Costa Rica [Underwood]). Hylophylax RipGway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., X XII, 1909, 70 (type Conopo- phaga nevioides Lafresnaye). U. S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeled6on) ; Jiménez (Verrill) (Alfaro) (Cherrie) ; Reventazon (Carranza) ; San Carlos (Alfaro). Bangs Collection: Carrillo, La Vijagua, Tenorio, and Cerro de Santa Maria (Underwood). 620 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MuSsEuUM. C. H. Lankester Collection: Miravalles, La Florida, Guacimo. Carnegie Museum: Guapiles and Guacimo (Carriker & Crawford) ; Guacimo, Cuabre, Rio Sicsola, Guapiles, Carrillo, Miravalles, Bagaces (Carriker). ‘Twenty-two skins. Mr. Bangs has separated the birds of this species from Costa Rica and Chiriqui from those from Panama and southward, but after a care- ful examination of a large series I have concluded that the differences are altogether too slight to justify such a separation. Costa Rican birds have the back darker and richer chestnut and the black spotting on the breast a trifle heavier, otherwise they are exactly the same as te ee i specimens from Panama. This is a very common bird over the whole of the Caribbean low- lands from sea-level up to about 2,000 feet, and is the most abundant ant-thrush in northwestern Costa Rica, especially in the Guanacaste region. It is usually found in fairly heavy forest, and is almost en- tirely arboreal in its habits, hopping and climbing about among the undergrowth, shrubbery, and low limbs of the trees. It is a very noisy little bird and usually goes about in small bands in company with some of the other arboreal ant-thrushes and tree-creepers (Dendro- colapuide. ) I found a nest of this species at Guacimo in April, 1903, containing two young birds. It was a roughly built structure of leaves, rootlets, and weed-fiber, of the ordinary shape (like AZyrmeciza exsul) and placed in a low bush in the heavy forest, just beside a path. 355. Gymnocichla nudiceps erratilis Bangs. Myiothera nudiceps Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V, 1850, 106, pl. 6 (Panama [J. G. Bell; coll. Phil. Acad. Sci.]). Gymnocichla nudiceps SCLATER, P. Z. S., 274; Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 272, part (no C. R. record). — SALVIN and GopDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 223, part (no C. R. record). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 42 (Boruca, Térraba, and Buenos Aires; first record for Costa Rica). Gymnocichla nudiceps erratilis BANGS, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 297 (cotypes from Boruca [Underwood]; other specimens from El Pézo de Térraba). U. S. Nat. Museum: Pigres (Ridgway and Zeled6n). Bangs Collection: El General and Buenos Aires de Térraba (Under- wood). Carnegie Museum: Boruca and Paso Real (Carriker). Four skins. The type of G. zudiceps is from Panama, where the birds (espe- CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTa RICA. 621 cially the females) differ very distinctly from Costa Rican specimens, the latter being very dark ferruginous below in contrast to the orange- rufous color of the bird from Panama. In Costa Rica this form is confined to the southwestern Pacific lowland region, from near sea- level up to about 1,800 feet. It has been taken as far north as Pigres, on the Gulf of Nicoya, where Mr. Ridgway secured one or more specimens. ‘This bird is not found in the open forest, but in the dense, tangled jungle. It is usually seen in pairs, and feeds in company with AZyrme/astes and Formicarius on the travelling ants. 356. Gymnocichla cheiroleuca Sclater and Salvin. Gymnocichla nudiceps LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 1og (Tucurriqui [Arcé], Coll. O. Salvin). Gymnocichla cheiroleuca SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1869, 417 (Omoa, Honduras [Leyland]; Tucurriqui, Costa Rica [Arcé]). — SALVIN, Ibis, 1869, 314 (Tucurriqui). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 115 (Costa Rica). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 272 (Tucurriqui [Arcé]). — SALVIN and GopmaAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 224 (Costa Rican references). U. S. Nat. Museum: Jiménez (Alfaro). Bangs Collection : Talamanca, one & (Cooper ?). Carnegie Museum: Cuabre, Rio Sicsola, Guapiles, El Hogar (Carriker). Twelve skins. This ant-thrush, although not an extremely rare bird, is very rare in collections. Its habitat is such that it has been overlooked by most collectors, being found only in the most impenetrable jungle in the Caribbean lowlands, from sea-level up to about 1,000 feet. It is also a very shy bird and its habits must be carefully studied before the bird can be secured, except an occasional specimen now and then. The females are very much more difficult to secure than the males, always slipping away at the first alarm. The birds are very fond of the dense jungles of wild plantain so abundant in some parts of the Santa Clara Valley, where they are usually found in company with Ph@no- stictus macleannani saturatus, hopping about on or near the ground. When alarmed they will sometimes fly up into alow palm tree or vine-covered shrub. They have no call which I have ever heard, but do have an alarm note, uttered only by the male when suddenly disturbed, the female being always silent. I was unable to learn anything about their breeding habits or nesting. 622 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 357. Pheenostictus macleannani saturatus (Richmond). © Phlegopsis macleannani LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VII, 1860, 285 (Panama [M’Leannan]); IX, 1868, 109 (Angostura [J. Carmiol]). — ScLATER and SALVIN, Exotic Orn., 1867, 17 (Tucurriqui). — RmpGwaAy, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VI, 1883, 415 (Rio Sticio [J. Cooper]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 115 (Rio Sicio). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 300 (Tucurriqui [Arcé]).— SALVIN and GopMan, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 236 (Costa Rican references). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 441 (Miravalles). Phlegopsis saturata RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1895, 625 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua, Aug. 31, 1892 [C. W. Richmond]). Phenostictus RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., X XII, 1909, 70 (type, Phle- gopsis macleannani Lawrence). U. 5. Nat. Museum: Rio Stcio (Cooper), Reventazon (Carranza). Bangs Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui, La Vijagua, Tenorio, Cerro de Santa Maria (Underwood). Thirteen specimens. C. He-Lankester Collection: El taogar, Carnegie Museum: Guapiles, El] Hogar (Carriker). Five specimens. I fail to find the very noticeable difference between specimens of Phenostictus macleannanit from Panama and Costa Rica, which were pointed out by Dr. Richmond in his description of P. saturata from Nicaragua. I was able to compare Costa Rican specimens with but two from Panama, but in these two skins the differences are very sight indeed. It is true that the northern birds are slightly different, but the best that can be said of them is that they area rather poor subspecies of the Panaman form. This species in Costa Rica is confined to the Caribbean foothills and higher portion of the lowlands and the Pacific slope in the extreme northwestern portion of the country, probably only from the Volcan de Miravalles northward. I did not see the bird in Talamanca, but it doubtless occurs there. I found it commonest in the upper part of the Santa Clara Valley between about 600 and 1,500 feet, in the dark, damp portions of the forest. This species feeds on the migrat- ing ants in company with other terrestrial birds, and does not appear to be so shy as Gymmuocichla. It seldom leaves the ground, and has the curious habit of rapidly jumping up and down on the ground, like Stenops¢s and Wyctidromus, when alarmed. ‘The naked skin of the head is bright cobalt-blue in life. CARRIKER* ListT OF THE’ BIRDS OF CosTA RICA: 623 358. Formicarius nigricapillus Cherrie. Formicarius analis SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1866, 74, part (Costa Rica [Arcé!). — Law- RENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 110 part (reference to Salvin’s record, antea.). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 304 (Tucurriqui [Arcé]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 235 (Costa Rican references). Formicarius nigricapillus *‘ Cherrie,’’ RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 675 (Buena Vista, Costa Rica [Castro and Fernandez]). Bangs Collection: Carrillo, Oct. 23, 1898 ; Cariblanco de Sarapiqui, Aug. 15, 1899; Cerro de Santa Maria, Jan. 5, 1908 (Underwood). Fleming Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui (Underwood). With the exception of rufipectus, this is the rarest of the genus Formicarius in Costa Rica. Up to 1893 all Costa Rican and Chiriqui specimens were referred to as /. avalis, and there may be some con- fusion in the records, some specimens of /. wmdbrosus (then not described) probably being also referred to avadis, since the ranges of the two birds overlap along the foot-hills of the Caribbean. I was never able to secure specimens of this rare species, so know nothing about the bird in life. However, from what I have been able to learn I should say that the range of this species covers the foothill region of the Caribbean slope from about 1,200 up to 2,500 feet, and that it is undoubtedly found in the dark humid forests peculiar to the foot-hill region, like some other species of the Formicaride. 359. Formicarius hoffmanni (Cabanis). Myrmornis hoffmanni CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1861, 95 (Costa Rica [Hoffmann]). Formicarius hoffmanni SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1864, 357 (Panama). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 110 (Costa Rica [Hoffmann!; Cabanis’ record). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 115, part (Las Trojas). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 304, pari (no C. R. specimens). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 234, purt (Costa Rican references). — RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 680 (Buenos Aires de Térraba and Las Trojas). Formicarius hoffmanni hoffmanni BANGS, Auk. X XIV, 1907, 298 (Boruca, Paso Real, El Pézo, Lagarto, and Barranca de Térraba [Underwood]). Bangs Collection: El General and Buenos Aires de Térraba, Pd6zo. Azul de Pirris (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Pozo Azul de Pirris, El Pozo de Teérraba, and Boruca (Carriker). Thirteen skins. There are four immature males of this species in Mr. Bangs’ collec- tion, three from the Térraba Valley and one from Divala, Chiriqui, 624 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. which exhibit a phase of plumage which I believe has not hitherto been described. The entire plumage is darker than in mature birds, the pileum and upper parts being of a darker, richer brown; the portion of the throat which is black in adult birds, is white, each feather tipped with black, — and in two specimens with submarginal spots of light brown; the whole chest is slaty-black, each feather edged with the color of the — upper parts; the remainder of the lower parts about the same as in the adult. This species is confined to the southwestern Pacific coast region, from the Rio Grande de Tarcoles southward, and from sea-level up to about 1,500 feet. It is quite abundant in the Pirris Valley and very common in the lowlands of the Térraba region. It inhabits the heavy dark forest, is strictly terrestrial, and feeds a great deal upon the common foraging ants. The males have a very musical note, which is heard more or less the year round, but more commonly during the breeding season. It resembles very closely the same notes described under AZyrmelastes exsul,’ except that it is louder and clearer, and never consists of less than four notes, often six or seven. The males (but never the female) are easily decoyed by imitating this note, coming close up to the person calling, if he remains perfectly still. The females are much shyer than the males and are very difficult to secure. 360. Formicarius umbrosus Ridgway. Formicarius hoffmanni BoucarD, P. Z. S., 1878, 62 (San Carlos). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 115, part (Jiménez and Pacuare). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am.. Aves, lI, 1892, 234, paré (Costa Rican refer- ences). Formicarius umbrosus R1ipGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 681 (Tala- manca, Costa Rica [J. Cooper]; Jiménez [Verrill]).— UNDERWoOoD, Ibis, 1896, 441 (Miravalles). U. S. Nat. Museum: Rio Matina (Cherrie), Jiménez (Alfaro), Bonilla (Ridgway ). Bangs Collection: La Vijagua and Jiménez (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Guapiles and Guacimo (Carriker & Crawford) ; Guapiles, Cuabre, Rio Sicsola, Miravalles, and Bagaces (Carriker). Nineteen skins. This is the common /ormicarius of the Caribbean lowlands and the Pacific lowlands of the northwestern portion of Costa Rica, from the CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA, 625 Gulf of Nicoya northward. It is found from sea-level up to an alti- tude of not much more than 1,200 feet, and like the preceding species inhabits only the heavy forest. I found it particularly abundant in the valley of the Sicsola river, Talamanca, where I secured a nest on March 25, 1904, containing one fresh egg. ‘The nest was a very frail, flat, loosely built structure, composed of twigs and leaves, and lined with a few half-decayed leaves, and placed in a low, large-leaved plant about two feet from the ground in the heavy forest. The single egg is dark greenish-olive, heavily blotched with dif- ferent shades of burnt umber. Measurements: 27 X 20.5 mm. The habits of this species are identical with those of the preceding, both birds walking about over the ground like a little rail. They can run very fast, but never hop, and when frightened spread their wings to assist them in running, or take short low flights. While walking the tail is always held erect, in almost a perpendicular position, which greatly adds to the rail-like appearance of the bird. 361. Formicarius rufipectus Salvin. Formicarius rufipzctus SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1866, 73, pl. 8 (Santiago de Veragua [Arcél). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 306 (Veragua [Arcé]). — SALVIN and GopMan, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 235 (Veragua). —Ruipeway, Prec. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV1!, 1893, 685 (Veragua and Ecuador ?). Formicarius ccstaneiceps CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Museum, IV, iii and iv, 1908, 301 (Juan Vifias, Costa Rica, May 7, 1907 {M. A. Carriker, Jr.'). Carnegie Museum: Juan Vifias, May 7, 1907, co (Carriker). The first record for the taking of this rare species in Costa Rica was that published by myself under the name of Vormicarius castanetceps meenoy. Cann. Carnes. Mus., IV., 1908, 301). The single male secured at Juan Vifias seemed different from the rather meagre descrip- tion of this species and since there were no birds in this country for comparison, I described it as new. Mr. Bangs had in his collection a single female of a Formicarius from northern Colombia, which resembled my specimen but apparently differed sufficiently to be sub- specifically distinct. Accordingly we sent the two birds to the British Museum.for comparison with the type of /. rujfipectus and found that my bird was identical with it in every respect, both the type and my specimen being males. Upon looking up the description of Formicarius thoracicus ‘Taczanowski & von Berlepsch, we found that in this closely allied species (given as a synonym of vujfipectus by Salvin and Godman but certainly incorrectly) the female differed 626 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. from the male in precisely the same manner as Mr. Bangs’ Colombian female differed from my Costa Rican male of /. rufipectus, so that we decided that the Colombian bird was a female of /. xujfipectus, hitherto undescribed. Since the published description of this species is rather meagre, I herewith give a full description of both sexes. Male. — Whole pileum and nape very dark chestnut-maroon, brighter on the nape; lores, superciliary stripe, sides of head and neck and whole of throat deep black; rump and exposed portion of wings rich clove-brown; upper tail-coverts rich chestnut-maroon, brighter than pileum; rectrices blackish, edged with olive-brown basally ; whole chest rich dark chestnut-brown, connected with the chestnut-maroon of nape by a narrow collar around sides of neck ; breast and median portion of abdomen paler chestnut-rufous, becoming | more cinnamon-rufous posteriorly ; sides and flanks dark grayish-olive; under tail-coverts color of chest; inner webs of remiges sooty-gray ; primaries cinnamon-ochraceous basally ; under wing-coverts pale cinnamon-ochraceous basally and black apically; bill black; tarsi and feet dark horn-color ; iris hazel. Measurements: length, 208 mm.; wing, 90:; “tail; 575 culmen,)23\- tarsus, a2. Female. — Differs from the male in being more ashy on the back, with the wings more olive than clove-brown; the sides and flanks decidedly slate-gray ; the chest paler, about the color of the breast of the male, while the breast and median portion of the abdomen is pale fulvous, almost ochraceous. ‘The measurements are practically the same as for the male. (Specimen from Rio Cali, Colombia, collected by Mervyn G. Palmer, coll. O. Bangs. ) ! i i Ae 362. Pittasoma michleri zeledoni Ridgway. Pittasoma michleri zeledoni R1pDGWAY, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., VI, 414 (Rio Stcio, Costa Rica, 1881, J. Cooper, collector). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., 1, 1887, 115 (Jiménez, one specimen). Pittasoma zeledoni SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 310 (Costa Rica). — SALVIN and GopmaNn, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 238 (Costa Rican references). U. S. Nat. Museum: Jiménez (Alfaro), Turrialba (Zeledon). Bangs Collection: Carrillo, Oct., 1898, & (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Rio Sicsola, Sept. 7, 2; Sept. 10,.c) 5 @pamman 1904, ¢ (Carriker). This is another exceedingly rare bird, probably found only in Costa Rica and southeastern Nicaragua, but thus far known only from CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. 627 Costa Rica. Apparently there are no specimens of it in Europe, while in this country there are but two or three skins in the U. S. National Museum, one in Mr. Bangs’ collection, and three in the Carnegie Museum. I have seen the bird near Jiménez, back in the hills, but did not secure it, while Underwood has taken at least two specimens at Carrillo, making the range of the bird fairly continuous over the whole length of the Caribbean foothill region. It is not found in the lowlands, only from the beginning of the foothills up to about 2,500 feet. The alarm note of this species is loud and harsh, of a very peculiar tone, and when once heard can never be forgotten or confused with anything else. It is very shy, and not entirely terrestrial, as I have seen it perched on low limbs at least six feet from the ground. 363. Grallaria guatemalensis princeps (Sclater and Salvin). Grallaria princeps SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1869, 418 (Veragua [Arcé]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 115 (Turrialba, one specimen). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 314 (Irazt district [Rogers]). — SALVIN and GOpDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 241 (Costa Rican references). U. S. Nat. Museum: Faldas de Barba (Alfaro), Turrialba (Zeledon), Irazu (collector unknown). Bangs Collection: Escazu, ~ and 2 ; Tenorio, 2 (Underwood). Fleming Collection: Irazu, 2 (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Juan Vifias, 3 (Carriker); Carrillo, os’ (Under- wood). I have carefully compared a series of seven specimens of Gradllaria princeps from Chiriqui and Costa Rica with the Guatemalan bird, G. guatemalensis, and find that the differences between the two are very slight, that of size being the principal distinction. The southern birds are a little smaller (the wing being 8 mm* shorter) and are darker above, the back being richer olive-green, with the edgings of the feathers decidedly black, instead of sooty-brown as in guatema/lensis ; while the crown and nape are more slate-gray than ashy as in the northern bird. As for the Mexican bird, two specimens of which I have examined, it seems to be nothing more than a subspecies of gwatemalensis, being a small race, colored about the same as gwatemalensis, perhaps a little darker, and should be denominated Grallaria guatemalensis mexicana (Sclater). This is a very rare bird in Costa Rica and little or nothing is known 628 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. concerning its habits. Considering the location of the various places where specimens are known to have been taken, I should say that the bird had about the same range in Costa Ricaas Formicarius castaneiceps, that is upon the higher portions of the Caribbean watershed, from — about 1,500 feet up to perhaps 4,000 feet. It inhabits the most tangled jungles, is probably strictly terrestrial, and very solitary in its habits. I have never heard any call which could be attributed to this species, although it very probably has one. ‘The specimen which ! secured at Juan Vifias was taken in arat-trap set beside asmall creek in the forest for water opossums, so that I never saw the bird alive. 364. Hylopezus dives (Salvin). Grallaria dives SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1864, 582 (Tucurriqui, Costa Rica [Arcé]).— LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., 1X, 1868, 110 (Tucurriqui [Arcé]).— ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 115 (Costa Rica). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 323 (Tucurriqui, two skins, types [Arcé]).— CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 534 (description of a young bird; Costa Rica). —SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 243 (Costa Rican references). Hylopezus RipGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., X XII, 1909, 71 (type, Gral- laria pers picillata Lawrence). U. S. Nat. Museum: Jiménez (Alfaro), & juv., Aug., 1889. Bangs Collection: La Vijagua, Feb. 19, 1908, 2 (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Guacimo, Dec. 4, 1903, & (Carriker). The type of this rare bird was taken at Tucurriqui by Arcé, in 1863, when two specimens were secured. No others were taken in Costa Rica (but several in eastern Nicaragua) until 1889, when Alfaro secured an immature male at Jiménez, which was described by Mr. Cherrie (see reference cited above). I know of no other specimens which have been taken in Costa Rica besides the one taken in 1908 by Underwood and the single male which I secured at Guacimo. The range of this species covers the lower foothills of the Car- ibbean slope in Costa Rica and Nicaragua, from about 1,000 to 2,500 feet. Like the other species of the genus, it is found in the heavy forest and is almost entirely terrestrial in its habits. Its call is probably similar to the other two closely related species found in Costa Rica. 365. Hylopezus intermedius (Ridgway). Grallaria perspicillata LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y.. IX, 110 (Angostura [J. Carmiol]). — Boucarp, P. Z. S., 1878, 62 (San Carlos). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 325 (Valsa [Carmiol]). CARRIKER:® LWIST-OF THE Brads oF ‘Costa.’ RICA. 629 Grallaria intermedia RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VI, 1883, 406, footnote (Angostura and Talamanca). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 115, part (Jiménez). — CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 534 (Jiménez [Alfaro]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 243 (Costa Rican references). Hylopezus RipGWAy, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., X XII, I909, 71 (type, Gral- laria pers picillata Lawrence). U. S. Nat. Museum: Santa Clara and Jiménez (Alfaro). Bangs Collection: La Vijagua, four specimens (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: La Florida and El Hogar. Carnegie Museum: Guapiles, three specimens (Carriker & Craw- ford); Guacimo, Cudbre, El Hogar, five specimens (Carriker). This species, referred by early writers to (7. perspictllatus of Panama, is easily distinguished from that bird by the ruddy flanks and under tail- coverts. Its Costa Rican range covers the whole of the Caribbean lowlands from sea-level up to about 800 or goo feet. It scarcely gets into the foothills at all, but keeps to the level lands below. ‘The upper edge of its range slightly overlaps the lower portion of that of Hf. dives, the two birds having been taken in the same locality in the lowermost portion of the foothills. It frequents the portions of the heavy forest which are least filled with undergrowth, and is usually found alone, or sometimes in pairs. It is not such a suspicious bird as Formicarius or Gymnocichla, and when suddenly flushed will fre- quently fly up on a log or low branch and sit perfectly quiet. The call is very similar to that of Formicarius and Myrmeciza, except that it is softer and weaker, and is very seldom repeated more than three times (that is, three notes altogether). Neither is it so much addicted to calling as is Mormicarius, and will not respond so readily to the imitation of its note by the collector. 366. Hylopezus lizanoi (Cherrie). Grallaria intermedia ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 115, part (Las Trojas and P6zo Azul de Pirris). Grallaria lizanoit CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 342 (Las Trojas, Jan., 1886 [Alfaro]); Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 44 (Lagarto, Boruca, Térraba, and Buenos Aires). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 243 (Costa Rican references). — BANGS, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 298 (Boruca, Paso Real, and El Pézo de Térraba [Underwood]). U.S. Nat. Museums: Pézo Azul de Pirris (Zeledén), Pézo del Pital (Cherrie), Las Trojas. | Bangs Collection: El General, Pdézo Azul de Pirris, Buenos Aires (Underwood). 630 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Carnegie Museum: Pdzo Aztl de Pirris, El Pdézo de Térraba, and Boruca (Carriker). Fifteen skins. . This species takes the place of the preceding on the Pacific coast of — Costa Rica. Its range is restricted, however, to the lowlands and foothills of the region south of Puntarenas, not being found in Nicoya or Guanacaste. It ranges to a higher altitude than does ztermedius, getting up to about 1,500 feet, though not in abundance. Its habits are identical with those of zzfermedius, while its call is the same. 367. Grallaricula flavirostris costaricensis (Lawrence). Grallaria flavirostris SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1858, 68 (Rio Napo, Ecuador). — SCLA- TER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 326 (Buena Vista [Carmiol]). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1892, 245 (Costa Rican references). Grallaricula costaricensis LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VIII, 1866, 347 (Barranca {[F. Carmiol]); IX, 1868, 110 (Barranca [F. Carmiol]). — RmpGway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., VI, 1883, 415 (Navarro, Oct. 3, 1882 [J. Cooper]). — ZELE- DON; An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 115 (Costa Rica). Bangs Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui, August, 1899, 2 (Under- wood). Carnegie Museum: Volcan de Turrialba, 2,000 feet, April 23, 1903, 2 (Carriker & Crawford). This is another of the remarkably rare birds of Costa Rica. The type was taken by F. Carmiol at Barranca, April 10, 1865. Another specimen collected by Carmiol at Buena Vista some time afterward is in the British Museum. In 1882 J. Cooper took a single specimen at Navarro, which, as well as Lawrence’s type isin the U. S. National Museum. ‘The only other specimens which I know of from Costa Rica are the one in Mr. Bangs’ collection and the one in the Car- negie Museum. From the localities cited above, the bird evidently ranges over the lower portions of the plateau region and the higher parts of both the Caribbean and Pacific slopes. There is some ques- tion about the Barranca record belonging to the Barranca near Punt- arenas, since it may possibly refer to another Barranca on the eastern side of the plateau region, and if this is the case (which I strongly suspect), the bird is confined to the Caribbean watershed. The single specimen which I secured was taken in the dense humid forest in the foothills at the base of the Volcan de Turrialba. The bird was perched on a bit of underbrush about six feet from the ground, so that it is evident that the species is partly arboreal, a fact which the structure of the feet further bears out. CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. 631 Families DENDROCOLAPTID and FURNARIIDZ. KEY TO THE COSTA RICAN SPECIES. a. Not spotted, streaked, or vermiculated above or below (except rarely a few paler shaft-lines on throat); or if throat vermiculated, tail short and black, variously colored, and with rectiices either stiff or soft. b. Rectrices stiff and harsh, with more or less acuminate tips and shafts projecting beyond vane of feather. c. Tail comparatively short and sooty-black, rounded at end. d. Lower rump and upper tail-coverts rich ferruginous-chestnut; chest slightly paler than rump; abdomen rich clove-brown. e. Throat and sides of head ashy-gray, pileum decidedly darker than back. Sclerurus canigularis. ee. Throat ruddy-ochraceous; pileum scarcely darker than back. Sclerurus mexicanus. dd. Rump and tail-coverts concolorous with back (rich seal-brown); throat white, feathers edged with blackish; chest slightly fer- ruginous, center of feathers paler. Sclerurus guatemalensis. cc. Tail longer, not rounded, and some shade of chestnut-brown, never blackish. d. Wings and tail same color (except tips of primaries dusky), some shade of chestnut or cinnamon-brown. e. Smaller (wing 72 mm.); wings, tail, and rump bright cinna- mon-rufous; head and lower parts olive-gray. Sittasomus sylvioides. ec. Larger (wing 100 to IIO mm.). f. Pileum and lower parts ruddy-brown; wings and tail chestnut; tai! 75 to 80 mm. Dendrocincla homochroa acedesta. ff. Pileum, back, and lower parts olive-brown (darker above) wings and tail very dark chestnut-brown; tail 100 mm. Dendrocincla ridgwayi ridgwayi. dd. Wings (median portion of secondaries and tertials) light buffy- cinnamon; tail deep chestnut; back olive-brown; below dark ochraceous-brown. Dendrocincla anabatina saturata. bb. Rectrices soft, shaft not thickened or protruding. c. Wing-coverts bright cinnamon or chestnut-rufous. d. Tail bright chestnut or cinnamon-brown; back olive-brown. e. Tai! chestnut; lower parts grayish-olive; smaller (wing 65 mm.; tail, 75 mm.). f. Crown and sides of head chestnut. Acrorchilus erythrops rufigenis, adult. ff. Crown concolorous with black. Acrorchilus erythrops rufigenis, juv. eé. Tail cinnamon-brown; lower pal ts ruddy-ochraceous; larger (wing and tail 97 mm.). Philydor panerythrus. dd. Tail dark grayish-brown (cr slightly cinnamon on outer webs above); crown and nape chestnut. 632 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. e. Back and chest grayish-sooty; chestnut on wing not con- fined to coverts, (juv. without chestnut crown). Synallaxis pudica. ee. Back and flanks grayish buff-brown; belly and throat white; chestnut on wings confined tc coverts. Synallaxis albescens tatitabunda. cc. Wing-coverts not bright chestnut. d. Small (wing 60 mm.); tail part black and part cinnamon-rufous; rump cinnamon; ridge of maxilla straight, mandible curving upward. Xenops genibarbis mexicanus. dd. Larger (wing 85 mm.); deep olive-brown above; ochraceous olive-brown below; throat plain buff-ochraceous, unmarked. e. Smaller and paler (wing 83 mm.; tail 75 mm.); Pacific Jowlands. Automolus pallidigularis exsertus. ee. Larger and darker (wing 90 mm.; tail 80 mm.); Carribean lowlands. Automolus cervinigularis hypopheus. aa. Either spotted, streaked, barred or vermiculated above or below or both above and below. b. Tail stiff and harsh, shafts thickened and curving downward, or if not very stiff, rectrices very acuminate or sharpened shafts protruding beyond end of feather. c. Lower parts decidedly barred (at least on abdomen), or else streaked, and size large (wing 130 mm.). d. Barred below. e. Entire under parts as well as pileum and back more or less barred with black in wavy lines. f. Large:; barring heavier and bars wider, very pronounced on back (wing 130; tail 134 mm.). Dendrocolaptes sancti-thome sancti-thome. ff. Smaller; bars narrow, obsolete on back (wing 118; tail TES imm.). 8 Dendrocolaptes sancti-thome hes perius. ee. Only abdomen and under tail-coverts barred with black; throat and chest streaked with buffy-white; pileum and nape with buffy shatt-lines. Dendrocolaptes validus costaricensis. dd. Streaked below, size large; ruddy brown above and below; sides of head, throat, and breast streaked with buffy-white; chin and upper throat buffy-white. Xiphocoiaptes emigvans costaricensis. cc. Lower parts streaked or mottled, but not barred. d. Bill long (50 mm.) and much decurved. Campylovhamphus pusillus borealis. dd. Bill ordinary; not more than 35 mm. long. e. Pileum unmarked (sometimes small obsolete shaft-spots). jf. Small (wing 77 mm.). g. Bill wedge-shaped (mandible sloping upward); CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF Costa RICA. 633 tail very stiff; throat and chest vermiculated with buff-ochraceous; back brown. Glyphorhynchus cuneatus. gg. Bill ordinary; throat white; back, wings, and tail chestnut; breast spotted with buffy-white. Margarornis rubiginosa. ff. Larger (wing 100 mm.); pileum and lower parts olive- greenish; lower parts spotted with buff-ochraceous. Xiphorhynchus punctigula. ee. Pileum more or less streaked. f. Back almost, if not quite, as heavily streaked as pileum. g. Larger (bill 36 to 39; wing 110 to 118 mm.). h. Whole back and lower parts buffy, each feather broadly edged with black, giving a spotted appearance. Xiphorhynchus lacrymosus eximius. hh. Back and lower parts merely with broad shaft- stripes of buff-ochraceous, rather broadly bordered with black on back and more narrowly on chest. Xiphorhynchus flavigastey (extralimital). gg. Smaller (bill 26; wing 92 mm.); pileum, throat, and lower parts heavily streaked with buffy- white, strongly edged with black on lower part; back sparingly, but strongly, streaked. Picolaptes compressus compressus. ff. Back unmarked, or with only a few inconspicuous shaft- streaks. g. Entire under parts (except throat immaculate buff- ochraceous) broadly streaked with buffy, edged with black; pileum and nape with spatulate buffy spots. Picolaptes affinis neglectus. gg. Only chest streaked with buff-ochraceous, and scarcely, ot not at all edged with black. h. Larger (wing 107; bill 35 mm.); pileum and nape with spatulate spots of buff-ochra- ceous; buffy streaks on chest broad and oval, slightly edged with black. Xiphorhynchus nanus costaricensis. hh. Smaller (wing, 100; bill, 23 mm.); pileum with only fine shaft-lines of buffy; spots on chest more wedge-shaped, and not edged with black. Deconychura ty pica. bb. Tail soft, shafts ordinary, although rectrices often very acuminate. c. Pileum and back with shaft-streaks of buff-ochraceous; throat im- 634 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. maculate buff-ochraceous; lower parts scarcely streaked. Hyloctistes virgatus. cc. Pileum and back scarcely streaked, at least with not more than a few buffy shaft-lines. d. Whole throat and breast strongly washed with ruddy; pileum brownish-black; back seal-brown. e. Entire bill black. Rhopoctites rufo-brunneus. ee. Mandible largely yellowish horn. Xenicopsis subalaris lineatus, juv. dd. Throat not ruddy, but white or buffy-white, more or less mottled with dusky. e. Tail brownish-black. f. Small (wing, 62 mm.); throat buff-ochraceous; lower parts strongly spotted with buff-ochraceous. Premnoplex brunnescens brunneicauda. ff. Larger (wing, 87 mm.); throat white, feathers edged with blackish; chest dull chestnut; back, breast, and abdomen deep umber-brown (also under (a)). Sclerurus guatemalensis. ee. Tail chestnut or cinnamon-brown. f. Rump and lower tail-coverts cinnamon-brown; belly cinnamon-ochraceous; pileum black; breast buffy, feathers edged with black. Pseudocolaptes lawrencit. ff. Rump and lower tail-coverts olive-brown. g. A few buffy shaft-lines on upper back; chest and breast narrowly streaked with buffy; throat buff-ochraceous. Xenicopsis subalaris lineatus, adult. gg. Back and lower parts without streaks; throat and upper chest buffy-white, feathers narrowly edged with dusky; a cinnamon-ochraceous superciliary line. Xenicopsis variegaticeps. 368. Synallaxis albescens latitabunda Bangs. Synallaxis albescens SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 43, part (Vera- gua, southward). — SALVIN and GoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891, 147, part (Veragua, southward into South America). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 38 (Térraba and Buenos Aires, three specimens; first record north of Panama). Synallaxis albescens latitabunda BANGS, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 298 (type from Boruca, Costa Rica, adult @, collection E. A. and O. Bangs; May 31, 1906, by C. F. Underwood; other specimens from Paso Real and Barranca de Térraba). Bangs Collection: Buenos Aires (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Boruca and Buenos Aires (Carriker). Six skins. CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BiRDS OF COSTA RICA. 635 This bird was first recorded from Costa Rica by Mr. Cherrie in 1893, under the name of S. al/bescens, but no more examples were taken until 1906, when Underwood secured five specimens in the Térraba Valley. Its northern limit is the head of the Térraba Valley. It inhabits the clumps of bushes and weeds in the savannas and the low scrub along their borders. It is very shy and not easily secured. I found the birds more abundant about Buenos Aires than in any other locality, but there they lived in the dense second-growth scrub and were almost impossible to secure. Their alarm-note is quite similiar to that of S. pudica, but much weaker, and not so harsh, neither are they so noisy as that species. 369. Synallaxis pudica Sclater. Synallaxis pudica SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1859, 191 (“* Bogota,’’ Colombia); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 45 (Nicaragua to Ecuador; Péje, Costa Rica [Car- miol]). — SALvVIN, Ibis, 1870, 110 (crit.).— BoucarD, P. Z. S., 1878, 59 (Juan Vifias). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 113 (Las Tiojas, Pézo Azul de Pirris, Naranjo de Cartago, Pacuare). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891, 149 (Honduras to Ecuador; Costa Rican references). — BANGS, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 299 (Boruca, El Pézo [Under- wood]). Synallaxis nigrifumosa LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 105 (Pacuare [Car- miol]). — FRANTzIUs, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 304 (Costa Rica). U. S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeledon), Bonilla (Basulto ; Ridgway; Zeledon; Alfaro). Bangs Collection: E] General de Térraba and P6zo Azul de Pirris (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Guacimo. Fleming Collection: Carrillo and Pozo Azul de Pirris (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: El Hogar, Carrillo, El Pozo de Térraba, Buenos Aires, Pézo Aztl de Pirris (Carriker); Guapiles (Carriker and Crawford). Fourteen skins. Synallaxis nigrifumosa Lawrence, described from Greytown, Nica- ragua, and to which he refers Costa Rican specimens, does not admit of recognition, even as a subspecies, although specimens from north- eastern Costa Rica are slightly different from those from the south- western section. They differ slightly from Térraba specimens in being a little smaller, more olive-brown above, a little darker below, and in having the chestnut of the pileum and wings a trifle darker and richer. These differences are very small, and in my judgment do not admit of oe 636 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. the separation of the northern bird. The species has a very general distribution over Costa Rica, covering the lowlands of both coasts (but is very rare in Guanacaste) up to 3,000 feet on the Caribbean (Juan Vifias, one specimen by Boucard) and up to perhaps not more than 1,500 to 2,000 feet on the Pacific. They frequent high grass along streams, old abandoned fields, bushes, and weeds in pastures and the edges of woodland, always keeping near the ground, and, when flushed, will make only low short flights ike a rail. They are very noisy, making a curious rattling, chattering noise when disturbed. Breeding begins in May and continues until the end of July, the birds probably rearing two broods. JI observed many nests in the vicinity of Guapiles, Jiménez and El Hogar as well as at P6zo Azul de Pirris and in the Térraba Valley, and all were built almost exactly alike and precisely after the manner of S. albescens as given by Salmon (Biologia, II, 148). The nest is placed in a small shrub or tree, is built entirely of twigs, even sticks as large as a lead-pencil being used. ‘The shape is either globular or elliptical, with a long tunneled entrance made of inter- laced twigs just large enough for the passage of the bird. The nest itself is usually about ten to twelve inches in diameter and the enter- ing passage-way from eight to fourteen inches in length. ‘The top of the structure is covered over with a mat of leaves and trash in some instances, but not always. There is usually no lining whatever to the nest cavity, the eggs being placed on the twigs composing the bottom of the nest. From two to three eggs are laid, which are pale bluish- white without markings. Measurements: 21 to 22 X 16 to 17 mm. 370. Acrorchilus erythrops rufigenis (Lawrence). Synallaxis erythrops (not of Sclater) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 105 (Barranca and Dota [F. Carmiol], Birris [Zeledén]). — FRANTzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 304 (Costa Rica.)— BoucARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 59 (Volcan de Irazi and Navarro).— ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 113 (Rio Stcio). Siptornis erythrops SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 60, part (Costa Rica to Ecuador). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891 151, part (Irazii [Rogers]; Costa Rican references). Synallaxis rufigenis LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 105 (Costa Rica, Garcia collection). — FRANTzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 304 (Costa Rica). — SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1870, 191 (Costa Rica [Carmiol]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de.C-R.; 1, £887, 11g Casta Rica). Siptornis rufigenis SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 60 (g — Costa CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTaA RICA. 687 Rica [Carmiol]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891, 152 (Costa Rican references). Acrorchilus RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., X XII, I909, 71 (gen. nov.; type, Synallaxis erythrops Sclater). U. S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeledon), El Copey, La Lagunaria, and Santa Maria de Dota (Basulto), La Estrella de Cartago (Alfaro), Jiménez (Verrill). Bangs Collection: Azahar de Cartago and Escazt ( Underwood). Fleming Collection: La Hondura (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: La Hondura and Juan Vinas (Car-iker). Four skins. The name of Syzallaxis rufigenis Lawrence was given to an im- mature specimen of what was then called Synuallaxis erythrops Sclater, However, the Costa Rican bird proves to be distinct from erythrops, and must accordingly be called 4. erythrops rujfigents. Ihave skins of this species in the immature plumage, without a trace of chestnut on the pileum, and one in the transition stage, showing the new chestnut feathers growing out, which proves conclusively that the name vujfigenis of Lawrence was based on an immature bird. The species inhabits only the highlands, but occasionally straggles down on the Caribbean slope to 2,000 and even I,o00 feet. It is most abundant in the humid forests of the Dota Mountains and on the upper Caribbean slope at about 3,000 to 4,000 feet. It is found only in the heavy forest, but is fond of low vine-covered trees, and is fre- quently seen in the company of other Dendrocolaptine species and even tanagers and finches. 371. Pseudocolaptes lawrencii Ridgway. Pseudocolaptes boissoneauti BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 59 (Navarro). Pseudocolaptes lawrencit RipGway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., I, 1878, 253 (La Palma and Navarro; type from La Palma [Zeledén]). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 79 (Veragua and Costa Rica). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891, 153 (Costa Rican references). Pseudocolaptcs costaricensis BOUCARD, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., V, 1880, 230 (Costa Rica). U. S. Nat. Museum: El] Rey and Las Vueltas de Dota (Basulto), El Roble de Irazt (Cherrie). Bangs Collection: Volcan de Irazi and Escazt' (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Escazu, Volcan de Turrialba, Ujurras de Térraba (Carriker). Seven skins. 638 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. English ornithologists have expressed doubt as to the validity of — this species with reference to P. dotssoneauti, but after examining specimens of that species and carefully comparing them with Costa Rican specimens of P. dawrenci?, I can see no ground for doubting the distinctness of the northern bird, it certainly being a well marked species. This tree-creeper is found only at high altitudes, seldom if ever being taken below 6,000 feet. I took two specimens at Escazu, somewhat below that altitude, and Boucard reports it from Navarro, which would be lower, but such instances are rare. It is most abun- dant on the high volcanoes for about 1,000 feet below timber-line. I also took it in the Cordillera de Talamanca at about 7,000 feet. It is a very noisy bird, always chattering and continually moving about in the trees. It is usually seen in pairs. 372. Rhopoctites rufo-brunneus (Lawrence). Philydor rufo-brunneus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VIII, 1865, 127 (“‘ San José”’ (?), Costa Rica [Frantzius]; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.); IX, 1868, 106 (Barranca [J. Carmiol], San José [Frantzius]). — FRANTzIUs, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 304 (Costa Rica). — BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 59 (Navarro). Automolus rufobrunneus BERLEPSCH, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XI, 1888, 565 (¢ — Barranca, April 18, 1864 [J. Carmiol]; Lawrence’s type (?); crit.). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 89 (Irazi district [Rogers]). — SALVIN and GopmMaAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891, 154 (Costa Rican references). Rhopoctites RipGWAy, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., X XII, 1909, 72 (type, Philydor vufo-brunneus Lawrence). U.S. Nat. Museum: Coliblanco (Zeled6n) E] Rey de Dota (Basulto), Volcan de Irazt (Underwood), La Estrella de Cartago (———— ?). Bangs Collection: Carrillo, Azahar de Cartago, and Escazt (Under- wood ). C. H. Lankester Collection: “ua‘Palmacde sans jose: Carnegie Museum: Escazi, La Hondura, Ujurras de Térraba (Car- riker). -Pen skins: Mr. Ridgway has recently created a new genus for this species of Automolus, on the ground of its stouter, less compressed, and dis- tinctly uncinate bill, and the shafts of the rectrices being more rigid at the tip. The differences appear to be rather small, but not less than in many other recognized genera. . The species inhabits the heavy, damp forests of the mountains, only descending to lower altitudes on the Caribbean slope into some of the CARRIKER: List OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. 639 deep gorges, such as that of the Rio Stcio, where all of the highland fauna tends to inhabit lower levels. Its habits are those of Azzo- molus, frequenting low tangled jungle, especially masses of vines, where it hops about from limb to limb, but does not do much climbing. It is not an abundant bird in any locality, and must always be sought for in the cool, wet undergrowth along the side of some ravine or beside a little mountain brook. It is much more noisy than Aufomolis, in that respect resembling Pseudocolaptes. 373. Hyloctistes virgatus (Lawrence). Philydor virgatus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VIII, 1867, 468 (Angostura, Costa Rica, Oct. 7, 1866 [J. Carmiol]; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.); IX, 1868, 106 (Angostura [J. Carmiol]). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1891, 96, foot-note). Automolus virgatus BERLEPSCH, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XI, 1888, 565 (Angos- tura [Lawrence’s type]; crit.) — SALVIN and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891, 155 (Costa Rican references). — CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 534 (San Carlos [Alfaro]); Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2. 1893, 39 (Palmar, one specimen). — BANGs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 299 (El Pézo de Térraba [Underwood]). Hyloctistes RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., X XII, 1909, 72 (type, Philydor virgatus Lawrence). Bangs Collection: La Vijagua, Carrillo, and Jiménez (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: El Hogar. Fleming Collection: Reventazoén (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Carrillo, El Hogar, El Pozo de ‘Térraba, and Boruca (Carriker). Five skins. Mr. Ridgway has characterized a new genus of which this species is the type, giving it as related to Phzlydor Spix but with a relatively much longer bill (exposed culmen much longer than tarsus), and differing from Auéomo/us in more extensive cohesion of the anterior toes, the basal phalanx of the middle toe being entirely united to both lateral toes. The species is confined to the lowlands of the Caribbean and the southwestern Pacific, probably from the Rio Grande de Tarcoles south- ward, although there are no records for the species north of the upper Térraba Valley. It is found from near sea-level up to about 1,500 feet, and inhabits the dense undergrowth of the opener parts of the forest. Its habits are the same as those of Auwtomolus. If it has any call I have never heard it, while the bird is inclined to be more sluggish than most of the Dendrocolaptine forms. 640 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 374. Automolus cervinigularis hypophzus Ridgway. Anabates cervinigularis SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1856, 288 (Cordova, Mexico |Sallél). Automolus cervinigularis SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1864, 175; Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 91 (Valsa [Carmio!]).— LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., 1X, 1868, 106 (Pacuare [J. Carmiol], Angostura [F. Carmiol], Caitago [Cooper]). — FRANT- zius, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 304 (Costa Rica). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 113 (Rio Stcio, Jiménez, Cartago (?)). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891, 159 (Tucurriqui [Arcé], Valsa [Carmiol]). — RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 497 (Rio Frio). Automolus cervinigularis hypopheus RipGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., X XII, 1909, 72 (type from Guayabo, Costa Rica, March 19, 1908 [Francisco Ba~ sulto]; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). U. 5. Nat. Museum; Jiménez (Alfaro), Rio Stcio (Cooper), Tala- manca (Dr. King). | Bangs Collection : Talamanca, Carrillo, a Vijagua (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Guapiles and Volcan de Turrialba, 2,000 feet (Carriker & Crawford) ; Cuabre, Rio Sicsola, El Hogar, Carrillo} Peralta (Carriker) ; Carrillo and Cariblanco de Sarapiqui (Under- wood). ‘Twenty-one skins. This form was separated by Mr. Ridgway from A. ¢c. cervinigularis — | on account of its darker color. This is the most abundant species of the family in the Caribbean lowlands and lower slopes, up to about 2,000 feet, to which region it is confined, not being found on the Pacific slope, where it is replaced” by the closely allied form, 4. palhadigularis exsertus. It is a quiet bird, only occasionally uttering a weak chirp. It is sometimes seen alone, but most frequently in the company of various species of ant-thrushes and other species of Dendrocolapiida. It is fond of the foraging ants, upon which in company with all the ant-thrushes it feeds. I took a single nest of this bird on the Rio Sicsola, Sept. 12, 1904. It was placed in the hollowed top of a broken tree-trunk, ten feet from the ground, in the thick forest. The nest was composed of a few leaves and grasses and some fragments of a cast-off snake skin, and contained two eggs, of which one was almost upon the point of hatching, while the other was infertile. ‘They are creamy-white, shaped very much like the eggs of our common Bob-white (short, and pointed at the smaller end), only a little less sharply pointed. Measurements of egg saved: 31 X 24 mm. CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTa RICA. 641 375. Automolus pallidigularis exsertus (Bangs). Automolus pallidigularis LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VII, 1862, 465 (Lion Hill, Panama). Automolus pallidigularis (not of Lawrence) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 106 (Guaitil [J. Carmiol]). — FRANtTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869 (Costa Rica). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 94 (Costa Rica [Car- miol]). — SALVIN and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, If, 1891, 159 (Costa Rican references). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 38 (Boruca, Térraba, Buenos Aires, and Cabagra). ° Automolus exsertus BANGS, Auk, XVIII, 1901, 367 (Divala, Chiriqui, Panama [W. W. Brown]; type in Bangs coll.); Auk, X XIV, 1907, 299 (Boruca, El P6zo, and Lagarto de Térraba [Underwood)]). U.S. Nat. Museum: Pozo Azil de Pirris (Underwood). Bangs Collection: El General, Buenos Aires de Térraba, and Pézo Azul de Pirris (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: P6zo Azul de Pirris, Boruca, El Pozo de Térraba (Carriker); Pdzo Azul de Pirris (Underwood). Fourteen skins. Upon comparison of skins of 4. pallidigularis from Costa Rica and Chiriqui with specimens from Loma del Leon, Panama (type locality of A. palidigularis Lawrence), I find that the differences between the two forms are too small to admit of specific distinction for the northern form, and I have therefore made Mr. Bangs’ A. exsertus a subspecies of A. pallidigularis Lawrence, to which it is most nearly allied. In Mr. Bangs’ paper on the birds of the Térraba Valley (Auk, XXIV, 1907, 299), appears a printer’s error which should be corrected. Under A. wrgatus he says: ‘‘ This is of course the bird recorded by Cherrie as A. paliidigularis.’’ ‘This remark should have been placed by the compositor under the following species, 4. exsertus, to which it very obviously refers. In Costa Rica this bird is confined to the southwestern Pacific low- lands, from the Rio Grande de ‘Tarcoles southward. It is abundant at Pozo Azul de Pirris and in the Térraba Valley. Its habits are the same as those of 4. cervinigularis hypopheus. 376. Philydor panerythrus rufescens (Lawrence). Philydor rufescens LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VIII, 1866, 345 (Birris, Costa Rica [Zeledén], May 15, 1865; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.); IX, 1868, 106 (Birris [Zeled6n]). — FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 304 (Costa Rica). — RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VI, 1883, 414 (Cervantes, 1882 [Cooper]). Philydor panerythrus BERLEPSCH, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XI, 1888, 565 (Birris, Costa Rica [Zeledén], crit.). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 642 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 100, part (Costa Rica [Carmiol]). — SALVIN and Gopmavn, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891, 160, part (Costa Rican references). Philydor rufus panerythrus ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 113 (Cervantes). Philydor panerythrus rufescens BANGS, Proc. N. Eng. Zool. Club, VIII, 1902, 44 (Chiriqui, Panama). ; U. S. Nat. Museum: El Rey and La Lagunaria de Dota, o& andi 2’s (Basulto). This is one of the rarest of the Central American Dendrocolaptida, not only in Costa Rica, but throughout its range. I know of but ten skins in existence, of which three are from Panama and the remainder ~ from Costa Rica, one in the Salvin and Godman collection, one in the Museo Nacional de Costa Rica and five in the U.S. National Museum. The bird is evidently confined to the higher portions of the country, — all those from Costa Rica having been taken from 3,000 feet upwards. — I know nothing concerning the habits of the birds and have never seen fiom dite, 377. Aenicopsis variegaticeps (Sclater). Anabazenops variegaticeps SCLATER, P. Z.S., 1856, 289 (Cordova, Mexico [Sallé]). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 106 (Dota [J. Carmiol], Barranca [F. Carmiol]). — FRANtTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 304 (Costa Rica). — BoucarpD, P. Z. S., 1878, 59 (La Candelaria). — R1pGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VI, 1883, 414 (Rio Sicio [J. Cooper]). — ScLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 106 (Costa Rica [Carmiol]; Mexico to Veragua). — SALVIN and GopmMaN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891, 162 (Costa Rican references). U.S. Nat. Museum: El Rey, Santa Maria, and La Lagunaria de Dota (Basulto). C. H. Lankester Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqut. Carnegie Museum: Juan Vifias, Ujurras de Térraba (Carriker). Two skins. This species is confined to the mountains of the central portion of the country up to at least 7,000 feet, extending down the Caribbean slope to about 1,800 or 2,000 feet. Itis not found on the lower slopes of the Pacific, but only in the higher parts of the mountains where humid conditions prevail, such as the high Talamancan Cordillera and the Dota Mountains. It is found in the heavy forest, but keeps well up in the trees, climbing up the tree-trunks and branches more like the true Dendrocolapiide. CARRIKER: List OF THE BirpSs OF Costa RICA. 643 378. Xenicopsis subalaris lineatus (Lawrence). Anabates subalaris SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1859, 141 (Ecuador). Anabazenops lineatus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VIII, 1865, 127 (Angostura, Costa Rica, April 21, 1864, 2 [J. Carmiol], coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.); IX, 1868, 106 (Angostura [J. Carmiol], Birris and Cervantes [Zeled6n]). — FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 304 (Costa Rica). Anabazenops subalaris SCLATER. Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 108, part (Irazi district [Rogers]). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891, 163 (Costa Rican references). Anabazenops subalaris lineatus BERLEPSCH, Proc. WS) Nat. Mus... Xl, 1388, 565 (Angostura [Lawrence’s type]; crit.). U. S. Nat. Museum: El Rey, La Lagunaria, and Santa Maria de Dota (Basulto), El Naranjo de Cartago (= Juan Vifias) (Zeled6dn) ; Volcan de Irazt, and La Estrella de Cartago (———— ?). Bangs Collection: Volcan de Irazi and Azahar de Cartago (Under- wood). Carnegie Museum: La Hondura, Juan Vifias (Carriker), nine skins ; Cariblanco de Sarapiqui and Volcan de Irazti (Underwood), two skins. . The immature birds of this species exhibit a peculiar phase of coloration, having the whole of the throat, sides of neck, chest, and upper breast suffused with chestnut-rufous, much the same color as the lower parts in Rhopoctites rufo-brunneus. The Costa Rican range of this species is practically the same as that of the preceding, also the habits and habitat. Neither are common birds, the present species probably being the rarer of the two. 379. Kenops genibarbis mexicanus (Sclater). Xenops mexicanus SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1856, 289 (S. Mexico); LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 106 (Angostura, San José, and Pacuare [J. Carmiol]. Grecia [F. Carmiol]). — FRANTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 304 (Costa Rica). Xenops genibarbis ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 113 (Jiménez, Angostura, Pézo Azil de Pirris). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 110, part (Tucurriqui [Arcé], San José [Carmiol]). — SALVIN and Gop- MAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891, 164 (Costa Rican references; Mexico to Panama). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 39 (Palmar, Lagarto, Boruca, Térraba, Buenos Aires). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 440 (Miravalles to Bebedéro). Xenops genibarbis mexicanus BANGS, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 299 (Boruca, Paso Real, El Pézo, and Lagarto de Térraba [Underwood]). U. S. Nat. Museum: Pigres (Ridgway), Bonilla (Alfaro), Jimenez (Alfaro), Pozo Pital (Cherrie), P6zo Azul de Pirris and Guayabal (Underwood). 644 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Bangs Collection: El General de Térraba, Tenorio, Coralillo, Bolson, La Vijagua and Pozo Azul de Pirris (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Tuis, Miravalles, and El Hogar. Carnegie Museum : Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford); Pézo Azul de Pirris, Carrillo El Pozo de Térraba, El Hogar, Boruca, Buenos Aires (Carriker); Pézo Aztl de Pirris (Underwood). Eighteen skins. Birds from British Honduras seem to differ slightly from specimens from southwestern Costa Rica in being deeper olive-brown below and ruddier above, with the submalar streak averaging longer and broader. Apparently Costa Rican birds are not typical mexzcanus, being about intermediate between X. genibarbis genjbarbis of Colombia and the northern bird (taking British Honduras specimens as typical mexz- canus). Birds from southwestern Costa Rica are on the average paler than those from the northern and eastern sections and are prob- ably a little nearer true genbarbis than X. g. mexicanus. However, the greater portion of Costa Rican specimens are referable to mexz- canus, and I have accordingly called them all by that name. The species ranges over the whole of the lower portions of both Caribbean and Pacific slopes as well as the lowlands proper, and has been recorded from as high as 3,000 feet on the eastern slope, but very rarely from that elevation on the western side. It is exclusively a bird of the forest, but does not as a rule go up very high in the trees, preferring the tangled masses of vines and underbrush to the more open forest. 380. Xenops rutilus Lichtenstein. | Xenops rutilus LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Doubl., 17 (South Brazil). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 111 (Costa Rica to Brazil and Bolivia; Costa Rica [Carmiol], one ad. ¢, coll. Salvin and Godman). — SALVIN and GOopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891, 165 (Costa Rican references). Xenops heterurus SALvIN, Ibis, 1869, 319 (Costa Rica |Carmiol], coll. Salvin and Godman). There is but one specimen known from Costa Rica of this species of Xenops, and were it not for the unquestionable authenticity of that record I would hesitate to include the species in the Costa Rican ornis. At best it must be classed only as a very rare straggler so far north. Unfortunately the specimen collected by Carmiol has no locality indicated other than Costa Rica. CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. 645 381. Sclerurus canigularis Ridgway. Sclerurus canigularis RipGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XI, 1888, 542 (Turri- alba, Costa Rica, August, 1886 [J. Cooper]; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.); XII, 1889, 24. — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891, 166 (Costa Rica). — RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 613 (Buena Vista, Aug., 1892 [Castro and Fernandez]). Sclerurus albigularis SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 114, part (in synonymy). Bangs Collection: Tenorio, Cerro de Santa Maria and Cariblanco de Sarapiqui (Underwood). Eight skins. This Sclerurus has been taken only in Costa Rica, but outside of the eight skins taken by Underwood in 1908 there are but two specimens in existence, including the type. There has been some doubt as to the distinctness of this bird from |S. albigularis of South America, but after examining the large series in Mr. Bangs collection, it is very evi- dent that it is perfectly distinct, not being related even subspecifically tothat species. ‘The birdseems to be confined to the northern half of the country and to be most abundant in the mountains of the north- western section, north of the Gulf of Nicoya, although the type came from the Caribbean slope at about 2,000 feet. I have never seen the bird in life, but I presume its habits are similar to those of S. guate- malensts. 382. Sclerurus mexicanus Sclater. Sclerurus mexicanus SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1856, 290 (Cérdova, Mexico [Sallé]); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 115 (Mexico to Amazonia; no Costa Rican specimens). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891, 167 (no Costa Rican specimens or references). Bangs Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui, one 3’ (Underwood). Acad. Nat. Sci. of Philadelphia: Costa Rica (Underwood), one speci- men without locality. Fleming Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui (Underwood), one specimen, There are no authentic published records for the occurrence of this species in Costa Rica, but I have examined two skins from that country, collected by Underwood, while there is a third in Mr. Flem- ing’s collection from Cariblanco which I have not seen. It is very strange that the bird should be fairly common in Guatemala and Mexico and so rare between Guatemala and Panama. 646 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 383. Sclerurus guatemalensis (Hartlaub). Tinactor guatemalensis HARTLAUB, Rev. Zool., 1844, 370 (Guatemala). Sclerurus guatemalensis SCLATER and SALVIN, Ibis, 1859, 118. — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 114 (Jiménez and Pézo Azil de Pirris). — RipGway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XII, 1889, 30 (Sibuhue de Talamanca, 1873 [Zeledén]; San Carlos and Jiménez [Alfaro]). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 117 (Guatemala to Ecuador; no Costa Rican specimens). — SALVIN and GopmaAv, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891, 168 (Costa Rican references). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 440 (Miravalles). — Bancs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 299 (Boruca, Paso Real and El Pézo de Térraba [Underwood]). U.S. Nat. Museum: Bonilla (Ridgway), La Concepcion de Jiménez (Cherrie). Bangs Collection: La Vijagua, Cerro de Santo Maria, El General de Térraba (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: El Hogar, El Pozo, Boruca (Carriker). Four skins. Birds from northwestern Costa Rica are a little darker and more richly colored than skins from Guatemala and British Honduras, while Panama (Loma del Leon) skins are indistinguishable from the northern specimens. ‘This is probably only individual variation, and at all events is not sufficient to warrant separating them as a local race. This is the most abundant species of the genus in Costa Rica, being found over the entire lowland region of both the Pacific and Carib- bean, from near sea-level up to about 1,500 feet. It is found only in the thick dark forest, and is invariably encountered near the ground, oftentimes being flushed from the ground, where it had been scratch- ing about among the leaves, in search of insects or larve. The bird in life has little resembJance to a true Dendrocolaptine bird. I have never heard it give any call or alarm-note, and have always found it alone and exceedingly shy. 384. Margarornis rubiginosa Lawrence. Margarornis rubiginosa LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VIII, 1865, 128 (‘‘ San José ’”’ [Frantzius]; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.); IX, 1868, 106 (San José [Frant- . zius], San Mateo [Cooper]).— FRANTzIUuS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 304 (Quebrada Honda). — BoucarD, P. Z. S., 1878, 60 (Navarro). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 113 (San Mateo).— SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 122 (San José [Calleja], Irazi district [Rogers]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891, 170 (Costa Rica to Panama; C. R. references). U. S. Nat. Museum: Volcan de Turrialba and Coliblanco (Ridgway CAP RIKER LIST OF THE BIRDS’ OF CosTaA RICA. 647 and Zeledén), La Vueltas, La Lagunaria, El Rey and Santa Maria de Dota (Basulto), Burgos de Iraz\i (Castro), La Palma ( Pe Bangs Collection: Volcan de Irazt and Carrillo (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Volcan de Iraztu, La Hondura, Volcan de Tur- rialba, Ujurras de Térraba (Carriker). Seventeen skins. Distributed over the highlands and high mountains of the whole country, from about 3,000 feet up to timber-line, but very rare below 7,000 feet. It is a true tree-creeper in its habits, climbing about on the tree-trunks and limbs of the forest trees, and prefers the heavy humid forests exposed to the moisture of the Caribbean winds rather than the slopes leading down to the lower plateau region, which are drier. Like so many species of the higher Caribbean slope, it is abundant in the higher parts of the Dota Mountains and the Talamanca Cordillera wherever they reach up to 7,000 feet. 385. Premnoplex brunnescens brunneicauda (Lawrence). Margarornis brunnescens (not of Sclater) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 106 (‘‘ San José’”’ [Frantzius], Rancho Redondo, and Barranca [F. Car- miol], San Mateo [Cooper], Birris [Zeled6én]). — FRANTzIuUs, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 304-(Quebrada Honda). — RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VI, 1883, 415 (Rio Sicio [Cooper]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 11 (Turrialba). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 123, part (Rancho Redondo [Carmiol]). — SALVvIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891, 170, part (Costa Rican references). Margarornis brunneicauda LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VIII, 1865, 130, in text (Costa Rica). Premnoplex CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 339 (type, Margarornis brunnescens Sclater). Premnoplex brunnescens brunneicauda BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., X XI, 1908, 157 (Costa Rica). U. S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeledon) Turrialba (Cooper), Azahar de Cartago (Underwood ). Bangs Collection: La Hondura, Azahar de Cartago, Volcan de ieee (Underwood). SE, Lankester Collection : Sia Palma de San, José. Carnegie Museum: Volcan de Irazh, Le Hondura, Carrillo, Ujurras de Térraba (Carriker). Seventeen skins. The Costa Rican race of P. brunnescens is very distinct from the Bogotan form and must be known by the name Lawrence proposed for it in 1865, which has possibly because of the lack of proper material for comparison been universally ignored by subsequent writers (until 648 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. resuscitated by Mr. Bangs). ‘The Costa Rican bird may be distin- guished from P. 0. drunnescens by its larger size (wing about 6 mm. longer), relatively longer tail (10 mm. longer) and by its much paler color both above and below. ‘The light spots (on the under parts) are about the same in the two birds, (a little paler in drunnetcauda) but their edging is decidedly paler, being olive-brown instead of black, while the color of the remainder of the feather is grayish-olive. instead of deep grayish-brown, the wings and upper parts are taore olive-brown than umber, with the darker edgings more pronounced ; the tail is also paler. The species ranges over the highlands and mountains of Costa Rica from about 2,000 feet up to timber-line on the high volcanoes. It is not common below 5,000 feet, except on the Caribbean slope, where it is abundant down to about 3,500 feet. : It is found only in the damp, dark, virgin forest, and when that has been cleared away the birds disappear. It is fond of frequenting the steep sides of dark ravines, always keeping close to the ground, like Sc/erurus. 386. Glyphorhynchus cuneatus (Lichtenstein). Dendrocolaptes cuneatus LICHTENSTEIN, Abh. Ak. Berl., 1820, 204, pl. 2, fig. 2 (Amazons ?). Glyphorhynchus cuneatus STRICKLAND, P. Z. S., 1841, 28. — BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 60 (Juan Vifias). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 113 (Pacuare, Pézo Azil de Pirris, and Naranjo de Cartago). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 124 (Southern Mexico to Argentina; Tucurriqui, Costa Rica [Arcé]). — SALVIN and GopMaAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891, 175 (Costa Rican references). — RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 497 (Rio Frio; descr. nest and eggs). — BANGS, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 299 (El P6zo de Térraba [Underwood)]). Glyphorhynchus pectoralis LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 106 (Tucur- riqui [Arcé]; coll. O. Salvin). — FRANTzIUus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 304 (Agua- cate Mts.). U. S. Nat. Museum: Reventazon (Carranza), Pozo Azul de Pirris (Underwood), Rio Matina (Cherrie), Jiménez (Verrill), Bonilla (Ridgway and Zeledon). Bangs Collection : Pézo Azul de Pirris, La Vijagua, Buenos Aires, La Hondura, Carrillo (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection ; Guacimo and Cachi. Carnegie Museum; Guapiles and Volcan de Turrialba, 2,000 feet (Carriker & Crawford) ; Cuabre, Rio Sicsola, Guapiles, Carrillo, El Hogar, La Hondura, El Pozo de Térraba (Carriker). Twenty- one skins. CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. 649 This curious little species ranges over the whole of the Caribbean lowlands up to 3,000. feet (rare above 2,000) and over the Pacific lowlands and foothills from the Gulf of Nicoya southward. I have seen no record from Guanacaste or the Nicoya peninsula. It is found in the heavy forest and is always seen busily climbing about on the tree-trunks and large limbs in search of insects. It usually keeps well up in the trees, and is quite solitary in its habits, even two - birds of the same species being rarely seen in company. I found a single nest of the species on the northern slope of the Volcan de Tur- rialba at about 2,000 feet, which was taken on April 17, 1903, and contained two eggs with the incubation far advanced. ‘The nest was in a natural cavity on the side of a tree, the entrance being secured through a small crack, while the nest itself was a loose mat of black rootlets about one quarter of an inch in thickness. The eggs are pure white, long, and bluntly pointed, and measured 12 X Ig min. 387. Dendrocincla anabatina saturata subsp. nov. Dendrocincla anabatina SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1859, 54, pl. 150 (Omoa, Honduras [Leyland]); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 162, part (no Costa Rican specimens). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891, 172, part (no Costa Rican record). — OBERHOLSER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1904, 452 (monogr.; Costa Rica).— BANGs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 299 (Boruca, Paso Real and El Pézo de Térraba [Underwood]). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 39 (Palmar, Boruca and Térraba; first record for Costa Rica). > S: Nat. Museum: Pigres (Zeledon). Bangs Collection: El General and Buenos Aires de Térraba, Pézo Azul de Pirris (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: E] P6zo de Térraba and Buenos Aires (Carriker). Five skins. Type from E] Pézo de Térraba, Costa Rica; No. 28,570, Carnegie Museum, adult male; July ro, 1907; M. A.. Carriker, Jr. Differs from D. a. anabatina Sclater in being darker and more olivaceous. Pileum olive-brown, nearly concolorous with back, with scarcely a trace of the rufous so prominent in D. a. anabatina ; tips of primaries blackish-sooty instead of grayish-sooty ; tail darker and richer chestnut, with prominent blackish tips which are wanting or obsolete in true avabatina ; the buffy-ochraceous of the throat darker and intermixed with grayish-olive (immaculate in D. a. anabatina) ; bill much darker, maxilla decidedly blackish. Measurements of iype - length, 218 ; wing, 100; tail, 80 mm. 650 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. MEASUREMENTS. Average of D. a. anabatina. D. a. saturata. 4 males: wing, 98; tail, 84 mm. 3 males: wing, 99.6; tail, 83 mm. 6 females: wing, 94; tail, 83 mm. 3 females: wing, 95.3; tail, 78 mm. This race of D. anabatina has thus far been found only in south- western Costa Rica, from Pé6zo Azul southward, and extending down the Pacific lowlands of Chiriqui as far as David (at least). It ranges from sea-level up to about 1,500 feet, although it is more abundant below 1,000 feet. It is an inhabitant of the heavy virgin forest, creeping about on the tree-trunks continuously, and is very noisy (probably only the males during the breeding season), uttering harsh notes while running excitedly up a tree-trunk or hanging in one place for several minutes. It is quite shy and it is sometimes difficult to get within gunshot. 388. Dendrocincla homochroa acedesta Oberholser. Dendromanes homochrous SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1859, 382 (Teotalcingo, Mexico [Boucard]\. — SALvIN, Ibis, 1869, 319 (Costa Rica [J. Carmiol]). Dendrocincla homochroa SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1868, 54. — RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VI, 1883, 414 (Navarro [Cooper]). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 163, part (Costa Rica [Carmiol]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891, 172, part (Costa Rican refer- ences). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 40 (Boruca, one specimen). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 440 (Miravalles). Dendrocincla homochroa ruficeps ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 114 (Las Trojas). Dendrocincla homochroa acedesta OBERHOLSER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1904, 463 (type locality, Chiriqui [Arcé]). Bangs Collection: Miravalles, Bolson, and Tenorio (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Miravalles. Carnegie Museum: Miravalles (Carriker). Two skins. This species in Costa Rica is rarely found outside of the Nicoya peninsula and Guanacaste, where it is not abundant. There is only one authentic record of a specimen from any other region, that of Mr. Cherrie from Boruca. Neither Mr. Underwood nor myself found it in the Térraba Valley, so that it must be very rare there. Mr. Ridgway records a specimen as having been collected by J. Cooper at Navarro. I think there is every reason to doubt the correctness of the locality, and that the bird very probably came from San Mateo, where Cooper collected at different times, and where the bird might be rarely taken. At all events it is not a species of the Caribbean slope (Navarro is on CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. 651 the Caribbean at 3,000 to 4,000 feet), nor is it taken above 1,500 feet. Its habits are more like those of VD. r7dgway than anabatina saturata. 389. Dendrocincla ridgwayi ridgwayi Oberholser. Dendrocincla olivacea LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VII, 1862, 466 (Panama). — RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X, 1887, 492 (Talamanca, Cartago, Pac- uare). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 166 (Angostura [Car- miol]). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II. 1891, 174, part (Costa Rican references). Dendromanes atrirostris SALVIN, Ibis, 1869, 319 (Costa Rica [J. Carmiol]). Dendrocincla atrirostris ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 114 (Cartago and Pacuare). Dendrocincla olivacea olivacea OBERHOLSER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1904, 456 (Costa Rica). Dendrocincla ridgwayi OBERHOLSER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1904, 458 (Talamanca, Costa Rica [José Zeledén, 1873]). U.S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo (Underwood), Reventazén (Carranza), Pacuare (Zeledén). Bangs Collection: Carrillo and La Vijagua (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection : Guacimo. Carnegie Museum: Cuabre, Rio Sicsola, El] Hogar (Carriker). Seven skins. The name of Dendrocincla ridgwayt which this species now bears is made necessary from the fact that D. o/ivacea Lawrence is preoccupied (authority of Dr. Richmond). Mr. Oberholser described a slightly _aberrant specimen of the species under the name of D. ~7d@gwayt, and as a consequence his name becomes applicable in place of D. ofvacea, preoccupied. The species ranges over the whole of the Caribbean lowlands (speci- mens from the Chiriqui Lagoon to Nicaragua), from near sea-level up to at least 2,000 feet. A single bird was taken at Cartago by Cooper, but this seems to be very unusual, since there are no other records from above 2,000 feet. The bird occurs only in the heavy virgin forest, where it is invariably found near the ground, being especially fond of creeping about on the large elevated roots socommon in tropical forests. I have occasionally seen it as high up as twenty-five feet, but rarely. It is very quiet, and if it has a call I have never heard it. 390. Sittasomus sylvioides Lafresnaye. Sittasomus olivaceus (not of Wied) ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 133 (Dota and Monte Redondo). 652 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Sittosomus olivaceus SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 119 (Tempate, Costa Rica [Arcé]).— SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891, 176 (Costa Rican references). Sittasomus sylvioides LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 1849, 331 (Mexico). — LAw- RENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 106 (Dota [J. Carmiol]). — FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 304 (Costa Rica). — RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 509 (Costa Rica). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 440 (Miravalles). U. S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo and Bonilla (Ridgway and Zeledon), Santa Maria de Dota (Basulto), Monte Redondo (Alfaro), Cedral de Asseri (Underwood ). Bangs Collection: Bolson, Tenorio, Cedral de Asseri, Coralillo, Cerro de Santa Maria (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Miravalles (Carriker:). Four skins. The range of this bird covers the whole of the highlands, from about 2,000 feet up to 5,000 feet, and the Pacific slope from the Gulf of Nicoya northward, down to at least 1,000 feet, perhaps lower. It is found in the heavy forest and has habits very similar to GApho- rhynchus cuneatus. 391. Deconychura typica Cherrie. Deconychura typica CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 339 (P6zo Azul de Pirris, Sept. 7, 1889 [J. Zeledén]; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.); Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 39 (Palmar, one specimen). U.S. Nat. Museum: Pozo Pital (Cherrie), P6zo Azul de Pirris (type ?). Bangs Collection: Pdézo Azul de Pirrfs, and El General de Térraba (Underwood). Two skins. Carnegie Museum: E] Pézo de Térraba (Carriker). Three skins. This peculiar type of tree-creeper is found only in southwestern Costa Rica, from Pézo Azul southward, and in western Chiriqui, from . sea-level up to not more than 1,000 feet, and most abundantly below 500 feet. I found it to be an inhabitant of the heavy dark forest along the banks of the lower portion of the Rio Grande de Térraba, solitary, and resembling in its habits Xzphorhynchus or Picolaptes. 392. Xiphorhynchus nanus costaricensis (Ridgway ). Dendrornis nana LAWRENCE, Ibis, 1863, 181 (Lion Hill, Panama). — SAI. vIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891, 180, part (Costa Rican refer- ences). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 440 (Miravalles, rare). Dendrornis pardalotus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 107 (Tucurriqui, Costa Rica [Carmiol]). — FRANTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 305 (Costa Rica). Dendrornis susurrans BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 60 (San Carlos). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 133, part (Angostura [Carmiol]). CARRIKER: JuIisT) OF THE’ Bigps oF Costa Rica. 653 Dendrornis lawrencii costaricensis RIDGWAY, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X, 1887, 510 (Tucurriqui [Carmiol]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 114 (Costa Rica). Dendrornis nana (costaricensis Ridgw. ?) CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 40 (Palmar, Boruca, Lagarto, Térraba, and Buenos Aires). Dendrornis nana costaricensis BANGS, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 299 (Boruca, Paso Real, El P6ézo, and Barranca de Térraba [Underwood)]). Dendrornis = Xiphorhynchus OBERHOLSER, Smithsonian Miscel. Coll., vol. 48, 1905, 59. U. S. Nat. Museum : Jiménez (Alfaro and Carranza), Bonilla (Alfaro and Ridgway), Concepcion de Jiménez (Cherrie) ; Bebedéro ( B)s. Bangs Collection: El General de Térraba, Pézo Azul de Pirris, ‘Tenorio, Limon (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection ; Guacimo. Carnegie Museum: Guacimo and Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford) ; Pozo Azul de Pirris, Guacimo, Cuabre, Rio Sicsola, El] Hogar, El Pozo de Térraba, Buenos Aires (Carriker). Twenty-nine skins. The most abundant and widely distributed of the family in Costa Rica, with the single exception of Prcolaptes c. compressus. Its range covers the whole of the Caribbean and Pacific lowlands from sea-level up to about 2,500 feet on the Caribbean side and 2,000 on the Pacific. It is found in the heavy forest and to a great extent in the more open woodland, especially on the Pacific side. I found it more abundant in the Térraba Valley than in any other part of Costa Rica I visited. 393. Xiphorhynchus punctigula Ridgway. Dendrornis erythropygia LAWRENCE (not of Sclater), Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 107 (Angostura and Pacuare [J. Carmiol], Barranca [F. Carmio!]). — FRANT- zius, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 305 (Candelaria, Barranca, Pacuare and Tucur- riqui). — RipGway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., VI, 1883, 414 (Rio Sticio [Cooper]). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 131 (Angostura [Carmiol]). Dendrornis punctigula RipGway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XI, 1888, 545 (Naranjo, Aug., 1866 [Cooper]; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.; also Tucurriqui [Zeledén]). — Exuiot, Auk, VII, 1890, 188 (Costa Rica). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891, 182 (Costa Rican references). Dendrornis = Xiphorhynchus.OBERHOLSER, Smithsonian Miscel. Coll., vol. 48, 1905, 59. U.S. Nat. Museum; Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeledon), La Lagunaria and El Rey de Dota (Basulto), Reventaz¢n (Carranza), Bonilla (Zeledon) ; San Carlos. Bangs Collection: Carrillo, Tenorio, La Vijagua, La Hondura, El General de Térraba (Underwood). 654 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Carnegie Museum: La Hondura, Carrillo, Juan Vifias, El Hogar z (Carriker). Cariblanco de Sarapiqui and Carrillo (Underwood). Thirty-seven skins. " This is an abundant species throughout its range, which covers the _ whole of the Caribbean slope from 1,000 feet up to about 5,000 feet, the higher portions of the Dota Mountains, and both sides of the main Cordillera in northwestern Costa Rica. It is found in abundance wherever there is sufficient rainfall to keep the forest damp and cool, not occurring in the greater part of the plateau region and Pacific slope, which have for six months a dry season. It is a typical Xzphorhynchus in its habits, climbing up the tree-trunks and limbs in the spiral manner common to the family, and after arriving at a height of fifty to sixty feet flying off to the foot of another tree, where the same operation is repeated. 394. Xiphorhynchus lacrymosus eximius (Hellmayr). Dendrornis lacrymosa LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VII, 1862, 467 (Panama). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 114 (Pacuare and Las Tiojas). — SCIATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 133, part (no Costa Rican specimens). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891, 182, part (Costa Rican references). — ELLioT, Auk, VII, 1890, 181 (Costa Rica). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 440 (Miravalles). Lendrornis lacrymosa eximia HELLMAYR, Jour. fiir Ornith., 1903, 537 and 538 (Costa Rica and Veragua). — BANGs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 299 (El Pdézo de Térraba). Dendrornis — Xiphorhynchus OBERHOLSER, Smithsonian Miscel. Coll., vol. 48, 1905, 59. U.S. Nat. Museum: Bonilla (Zeledén), Reventazén (Carranza), Pozo Azulude tirriss( Dye Bangs Collection: Pdézo Azul de Pirris, La Vijagua (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Guacimo. Field Museum: El P6zo de Térraba (Carriker). Carnegie Museum: Cuabre, Rio Sicsola, El Hogar, Pozo Azul de Pirris (Carriker) ; Reventazon (Underwood). Eight skins. Sparingly distributed over the entire Caribbean lowlands from sea- level up to about 1,000 feet, and in the Pacific lowlands from the Rio Grande de Pirris southwards. I found it to be more abundant in the Sicsola Valley than at any other point visited, but it was by no means common there. I once saw a pair of them on the Rio Sicsola, chat- tering most excitedly and taking turns at pecking at something in a knot-hole on the side of a tree-trunk, about forty feet from the GCAPRIKERO List OF THE. BIRDS, or CosTA RICA. 655 ground. Curious to find out the cause of their excitement I quietly watched them for about five minutes, when to my astonishment a small poisonous snake fell to the ground out of the hole at which they were pecking. 395. Xiphocolaptes emigrans costaricensis Ridgway. Xiphocolaptes emigrans SCLATER and SALVIN, Ibis, 1859, 118 (Guatemala). — RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVII, 1889, 8 (Naranjo de Cartago, 1886 [José Zeledén]). — ScLaTER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 145, part (Costa Rica). — SALVIN and GopMaAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891, 183 (Costa Rican references). Xiphocolapies emigrans costaricensis RIDGWAY, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XI, 1888, 541 and XII, 1889, 8 (Naranjo de Cartago [Zeled6én]; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). U. S. Nat. Museum: Juan Vifias (Zeledon) (Carranza). Two skins. Bangs Collection : Azahar de Cartago (Underwood). One skin. C. H. Lankester Collection: Cachi, August 6, 1908. One specimen. Carnegie Museum: Juan Vifias, March 15, 1902, ¢ (Carriker). One of the rarest of the Costa Rican Dendrocolaptide, of which there are not more than a half-dozen skins in existence, of which I can find any record. Three out of the five skins in the United States came from Juan Vifias, and the other two at no great distance ‘from that point. The bird is probably found only in the mountains or rather in the plateau district, and only on the Caribbean slope. Nothing is known of its habits, more than that it is an inhabitant of the forest, and feeds after the manner of all true Dendrocolaptine birds. 396. Picolaptes affinis neglectus Ridgway. Dendrocolaptes affinis LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 1839, 100 (Mexico). Picolaptes affinis LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 1850, 275. — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 107 (San Joséand Dota [J. Carmiol], Barranca [F. Carmiol]). — FRANTzIusS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 305 (Costa Rica). — RIpGway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 497 (Volcan de Irazt [Nutting]). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 149 (San José [Carmiol], San Francisco de Irazti [Rogers]). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891, 185 (Costa Rican references). Thripobrotus affinis CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1861, 242 (Costa Rica [Frantzius]). Picolaptes affinis neglectus RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., X XII, 1909, 73 (type from Coliblanco, Costa Rica, May 6, 1905 [R. Ridgway]; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). U. S. Nat. Museum: Volcan de Turrialba, Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeledén), Las Vueltas, El Rey, La Lagunaria, El Copey, and Santa Maria de Dota (Basulto). 656 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Bangs Collection: Volcan de Irazt and La Estrella de Cartago (Under- wood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Volcan de Poas. Carnegie Museum: Volcan de Irazt, Volcan de Turrialba, Juan Vifias, Ujurras de Térraba (Carriker) ; Tobdsi (Francisco Ulloa Cooper). Ten skins. 3 Confined to the highlands and high mountains, extending down- ward in small numbers on the Caribbean slope to 2,500 feet. It is most abundant on the high volcanoes and in the higher: portions of the Dota Mountains and the Cordillera de Talamanca. Its range overlaps slightly that of P. ¢c. compressus on the Caribbean slope, but there is a considerable gap between the two on the Pacific side. It is found only in the heavy virgin forest. 397. Picolaptes compressus compressus (Cabanis). Picolaptes lineaticeps LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y.. IX, 1868, 107 (“ Gulf of Nicoya’’-[Arcé]; coll. O. Salvin). Thripobrotus compressus CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1861, 243 (Costa Rica [Ellen- dorf]; coll. Berlin Museum). Picolaptes compressus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 107 (Costa Rica). — SALVIN, Ibis, 1869, 314 (Costa Rica). — FRANTZzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 305 (Costa Rica).— BOuCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 60 (Navarro).— NUTTING, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882. 397 (La Palma de Nicoya).— ZELEDON, An. Mus., ~ Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 114 (Costa Rica).— SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 153 (Bebedéro [Arcé]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891, 186 (Costa Rican references). — CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 534 (Mojica [Alfaro and Cherrie]; Bebedéro, Guayabal, and Pézo Aziil de Pirris [Underwood]; Jiménez [Alfaro]; Talamanca [Alfaro, Carranza, and Dr. King]); Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 40 (Boruca and Buenos Aires). — RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 475 (Bahia de Salinas [Alfaro], critical). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 440 (Mira- valles). Picolaptes gracilis RrpGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XI, 1888, 542 (Monte Redondo [Alfaro]; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). Picolaptes compressus compressus BANGS, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 299 (Boruca, Paso Real, and Barranca de Térraba; Barranca de Puntarenas [Underwood]). U. S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo and Pigres (Ridgway and Zeled6n), Bonilla (Basulto) (Alfaro), Pozo Azil and Guayabo (Underwood). Bangs Collection: Tenorio, Bolson, Bebedéro, Coralillo, Pézo Azul de Pirris and El] General de Térraba (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Gudapiles (Carriker & Crawford); Pozo Azul de Pirris, Bebedéro, Guapiles, Miravalles, Bagaces, El Pézo de Térraba, a a. a CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. 657 El Hogar, Juan Vifias, Buenos Aires, Boruca (Carriker). Eighteen skins. The range of this common tree-creeper extends over the whole of the Caribbean lowlands and up the mountain slopes to about 3,000 feet, slightly overlapping the range of the mountain species, P. affinis neglectus; on the Pacific side it is found over the whole of the low- land country and into the foothills to an altitude of scarcely more than 1,500 feet. It is, comparatively speaking, an abundant bird wherever found. There are no species of Dendrocolaptide very abundant in individuals, at least not in Costa Rica, their increase beyond a certain point being prevented by some natural cause, probably lack of proper food. This species is found in open woodland and scattered clumps of trees to a considerable extent, being about the only Costa Rican species which leaves the heavy forest at all. There can be no doubt that the type of Prcolaptes gracilis Ridgway is an immature or abnormally colored individual of this species. Mr. Ridgway himself says that he has little doubt that this is the case (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 475), and after examining the type I quite agree with his decision. 398. Campylorhamphus pusillus borealis subsp. nov. Xiphorhynchus pusillus SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1860, 278 (Colombia, *‘ Bogota ’’); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV. 1890, 160 (Costa Rica [Endres]). — Boucarp, P. Z. S., 1878, 60 (Juan Vifias, one specimen). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I. 1887, 114 (Birris). — CHAPMAN, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., II, 1889, 157 (Costa Rica [Zeled6n]; monogr. of genus). — CHERRIE, Auk, I X, 1892, 250 (San José, accidental visitor; one taken August 26, 1891). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891, 189 (Costa Rican references). Campylorhamphus BERTONI, 1901 (authority of Dr. C. W. Richmond). U. S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeled‘n), Jiménez (Alfaro). Bangs Collection : Carrillo, Azahar de Cartago, El General de Térraba, Cariblanco de Sarapiqui (Underwood). Five skins. ee i. leankester Collection :. Guacimo. Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford) ; Guacimo, Guapiles, La Hondura, El Hogar, CarriJlo (Carriker). Nine skins. Type, No. 28075, Carnegie Museum ; adult male, El Hogar, Costa fica, March 17,1907 7) M.A. Carriker, Jr- Similar to C. p. pustllus Sclater, of Colombia, but darker throughout, more olive beneath, and with the streaks on the lower parts extending 658 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. as far backward as the middle of the abdomen; the interscapular region darker and richer brown, sparingly streaked with buffy- ochraceous, while in C. pf. pusz//us the streaking is confined to the pileum and nape; crown much darker, being decidedly blackish- brown ; throat and streaks on lower parts deep buffy-ochraceous, much darker than in true jwsz//us ; bill dusky horn, quite blackish in young birds ; toe-nails also much darker. This curious'and easily recognized species is found over the whole of the Caribbean lowlands and up the eastern slopes to at least 4,000 feet, in the southwestern Pacific lowlands in very small numbers (a single record), and occasionally a straggler in the central highlands (two records). It is most abundant in the northern part of the Car-— ibbean lowlands, in the so-called Santa Clara Valley, and especially in the vicinity of Guacimo, El] Hogar, Jiménez and Guapiles. It is found only in the heavy forest, and is almost always seen feeding on a certain species of palm, probing with its long curved bill between the clusters of nuts and between the bases of the leaf-stalks where they emerge from the crown of the tree, evidently in search of some insect which makes its home in this palm. It isa rare bird and one seldom encountered. 399. Dendrocolaptes validus costaricensis Ridgway. Dendrocolaptes validus TASCHENBERG, Fauna Per., 242, pl. 21, fig. 2 (E. Peru). Dendrocolaptes validus (not of Taschenberg) SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., — XV, 1890, 172, part. — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891, 191 (Costa Rican references). Dendrocolaptes multistrigatus EyTON, Contr. Orn., 1851, 75 (Costa Rica). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 106 (Navarro [J. Cooper]). — FRANT- zius, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 305 (Costa Rica). Dendrocolaptes puncticollis LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 146 (Costa Rican specimens not D. multistrigatus Eyton, but D. puncticollis Scl. & Salv.). — Boucarnd, P. Z. S., 1878, 60 (Juan Vifias). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C.R., I, 1887, 114 (Cartago). — RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XI, 1888, 545 (Navarro [Cooper]). —SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, I7I, § part (no Costa Rican specimens). Dendrocolaptes validus costaricensis RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., X Se 1909, 73 (type from La Lagunaria de Dota, Costa Rica, June 4, 1908 [Fran- cisco Basulto]; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). U. S. Nat. Museum: Navarro, Cartago, and Naranjo de Cartago (= Juan Vifias) (J. Cooper) ; El Rey and La Lagunaria de Dota (Basulto). CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF COSTA RICa. 659 Bangs Collection: Volcan de Irazi and Rio Sticio (Underwood). Two skins. C. H. Lankester Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui. The proper name for this bird has long been in doubt and the synonymy is in a rather confused state, but I believe that it is now satisfactorily settled. D. puncticolis Sclater and Salvin is confined to northern Nicaragua and Guatemala, while D. mu/tistrigatus Eyton is synonymous with it. The Costa Rican bird proves to be a northern race of D. valdus Taschenberg, of Peru, being distinguished from that bird (compared only with birds from Santa Marta, Colombia, which are probably not typical), according to Mr. Ridgway, by having the ‘‘ chest less distinctly streaked or with streaks less broken (broken along edges by black dots or bars) and under parts much more extensively barred.’’ It is a very rare bird everywhere, and not many specimens have been taken. It is probably confined to the highlands, between about 2,000 and 5,000 feet. 400. Dendrocolaptes sancti-thome sancti-thome (Lafresnaye ). Dendrocopus sancti-thomeé LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 1852, 466 (Santo Tomas (?), Honduras). Dendrocolaptes sancti-thome SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1858, 96 (Mexico); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 174 (Tucurriqui [Arcé]). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 106 (San José [Frantzius]). — FRANTzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 305 (Aguacate Mts.). — Boucarp, P. Z. S., 1878, 60 (Navarro). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 113 (Pacuare and Jiménez). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891, 192 (Costa Rican references). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 440 (Miravalles). U. S. Nat. Museum: Bonilla (Ridgway, Zeledon and Alfaro) (Ba- sulto) ; Pigres (Ridgway) ; Kio Matina (Cherrie). Bangs Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui, Tenorio, Cerro de Santa Maria, Bolson, Juan Vifias, Coralillo, La Vijagua (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Mojica, Limon, Guacimo. Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford) ; Guapiles, Cuabre, Guacimo, Miravalles, El Hogar, Bebedéro (Carriker). Fourteen skins. This bird is distributed over the whole of Costa Rica from sea-level up to about 2,000 feet, with the exception of the Térraba Valley, where it is replaced by a local race, D. s.-¢. hesperius Bangs. It is found in the heavy forest and has practically the same habits as Campylorhamphus. 660 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 401. Dendrocolaptes sancti-thome hesperius Bangs. Dendrocolaptes sancti-thome (not of Lafresnaye). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 41 (Boruca, four specimens). Dendrocolaptes sancti-thome hesperius BANGS, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 299 (type from Lagarto, Costa Rica, adult male; coll. E. A. and O. Bangs; collected May 27, 1906, by C. F. Underwood; additional specimens from Boruca, Paso Real, and El Pézo de Térraba). , Bangs Collection: Buenos Aires de Térraba (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: El Pozo de Térraba (Carriker). Two skins. This is a local race, probably confined to the Térraba Valley in Costa Rica and the northwestern portion of Chiriqui. It differs from true sancti-thome in the much finer barring of both the under and the ~ upper parts and in the paler and duller coloring. Family COTINGID, 402. Procnias tricarunculata (J. and E. Verreaux). Casmorhynchus tricarunculatus VERREAUX (J. and E.), Rev. et Mag. Zool., 1853, 193 (Boca del Toro, Panama; in the Chiriqui Lagoon). Chasmorhynchus tricarunculatus CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1861, 253 (Costa Rica [Frantzius]). — SCLATER, Cat. Amer. Birds, 1862, 258 (Costa Rica); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 405 (Tucurriqui [Arcé]). — SALvin, Ibis, 1865, 90-95; crit. (Costa Rica)— LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., 1X, 1868, 157 (San José, Dota, and Cervantes [J. Carmiol], Turrialba [J. Cooper]).—FRANT- zius, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 310 (Costa Rica). — Boucarp, P. Z. S., 1878, 66 (Volcan de Irazi). — RipGWwAy, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 496 (Volcan de Irazi [Nutting]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 119 (Nar- Anjo de Cartago, La Candelaria, La Palma de San José, El Zarcéro de Ala- juéla). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891, 142 (Costa Rican references). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893 (Térraba, abundant). — BAnGcs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 303 (El Pézo de Térraba [Under- wood]). Procnias tricarunculatus R1ipGwAy, Condor, VII, 1905, 156, in text (Bonilla; critical). Procnias tricarunculata RipGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 883 (highlands of Nicaragua, Chiriqui, and Costa Rica: Tucurriqui, Dota, Cervantes, Turrialba, Bonilla, Barranca, Rancho Redondo, San Cristobal, Guapiles, Volcan de Irazi). Bangs Collection: La Estrella and Azahar de Cartago; Turrialba, Pézo Azul de Pirris (Underwood ). C. H. Lankester Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui. Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford) ; Volcan de Irazu, El] Hogar (Carriker). Eleven specimens. CARRIKER: List oF THE BIRDS OF COSTA RICA. 661 Ranges over the whole of the country, breeding at high altitudes and remaining in the highlands most of the year, but always migrat- ing into the lowlands at acertainseason. (For habits, etc., see Intro- duction, page 326). 403. Cephalopterus glabricollis Gould. Cephalopterus glabricollis GOULD, P. Z. S., 1850, 92, pl. 20 (Cordillera de Chiriqui, 8000 ft. alt., Panama; type in coll. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.). — CABANISs, Jour. fiir Orn., 1861, 254 (Costa Rica; brought in by Indians [Ellendorf]). — SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1867, 150 (Turrialba, Costa Rica; critical). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 117 (Dota Mts. and Angostura [J. Carmiol]). — FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 311 (Dota Mts.). — BoucarbD, P. Z.S., 1878, 66 (Volcan de Irazii and San Carlos). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 119 (Turrialba, Naranjo de Caitago, Jiménez, Santa Maria de Dota, El Zarcéro de Alajuéla). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 400 (Turrialba [Arcé and Carmiol]). — SALVIN and GoOpMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891, 145 (Costa Rican references). — RipGWay, Condor, VII, 1905, 156, in text (Bonilla, Costa Rica); Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 878 (Chiriqui and Costa Rica: Dota Mts., Angostura, Turrialba, Volcan de Irazi up to 10,000 feet, Bonilla, Coliblanco, Guacimo, La Palma de San José, Rio Sicsola). Bangs Collection: La Hondura and La Vijagua ( Underwood). _C. H. Lankester Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui and Guacimo. Carnegie Museum: Guacimo, Rio Sicsola, El Hogar (Carriker). This remarkable cotinga has the most varied range of any species of the family in Costa Rica, being found from sea-level up to 10,000 feet, wherever there are heavy forests. It isnot an abundant bird, however, and but few individuals are seen. I sawa pair on the Rio Sicsola, near sea-level, and secured the female. At Guacimo I also secured a female, and close by at El Hogar secured a pair in 1907. ‘They are always seen in the heavy forest, sometimes near the ground and again high up in the trees, and are very stupid and easy to approach. 404. Querula purpurata (Miiller). Muscicapa purpurata MULLER, Syst. Nat. Suppl., 1776, 169 (based on Gobe- Mouche noir a gorge pourpre de Cayenne Daubenton, Pl. Enl., pl. 381). Querula cruenta LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 117 (Angostura and Pacuare [J. Carmiol]). — FRANTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 310 (Costa Rica). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 118 (Angostura and Pacuare). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 396 (Angostura [Carmiol]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891, 144 (Costa Rican . references). Querula purpurata RipGwaAy, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 875 (Costa Rica to Lower Amazons. — Costa Rica: Angostura, Pacuare, Talamanca). 662 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia: Reventazén (Underwood). Bangs Collection: Reventazon (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Guacimo. Carnegie Museum Collection: Guacimo (Carriker & Crawford) ; Guacimo, El Hogar (Carriker). Fifteen specimens. This cotinga is confined to the Caribbean lowlands and foot-hills, up to not more than 1,500 feet. It is most abundant in the imme- diate vicinity of Guacimo, El Hogar, and Jiménez, where I secured a fine series of specimens and saw many others. It frequents the tangled jungle peculiar to this immediate locality, where the trees are mostly low and overgrown with vines, with an occasional tall tree growing above the jungle. It is in these scattered tall trees that the birds are mostly found, and are usually seen in small flocks of from five to ten, there being usually more females than males. They have a peculiar soft, liquid, musical note, very difficult to describe, which sounds a great deal like the cooing of a dove, only much sweeter and clearer. Were it not for a curious habit which they have it would be rather difficult to collect many in that region. If abird is wounded and held in the hand it will scream loudly and harshly, quite a different note from the usual call note, and the remainder of the flock, hearing this note, will swoop down at the person holding the wounded bird, just as terns do, and alight very near, so that usually all the birds of the flock can be secured. If this trick is not resorted to, after one bird is shot, the others quickly fly away for some distance and pursuit isim- possible on account of the nature of the jungle. | 405. Tityra semifasciata costaricensis Ridgway. Native name ‘‘ Pajaro Chancho.” Tityra personata CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1861, 252 (Costa Rica [Frantzius and Hoffmann]). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 116 (San José [Frant- zius}], Guaitil, and Barranca [J. Carmiol]).— FRANTzIUs, Jour. fiir Orn., 1860, 309 (Santa Ana and Pacaca).— BoucarpD, P. Z. S., 1878, 65 (Orési). — NUuTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 397 (La Palma de Nicoya). — | RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 500 (San José [Nutting]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 118 (Navarro, Pézo Azil de Pirris, Naranjo de Cartago, Monte Redondo, Rio Stcio, Alajuéla, Jiménez, Las Trojas, Cartago). — CHERRIE, Auk, IX, 1892, 322 (San José; note on nest and eggs); Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 36 (Lagarto, Boruca, Térraba, and Buenos Aires). — ALFARO, Paginas Illustradas, I, 1904, 564 (Costa a habits, descr. of nest and eggs). Titvra semifasciata SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 330 (Cachi CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF COSTA RICA. 663 {Rogers], San José [Frantzius], Turrialba [Arcé]). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1890, 118 (Costa Rican references). — UNDER- woop, Ibis, 1896, 439 (Miravalles). Tityra semifasciata costaricensis RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIX, 1906, T19 (Bonilla; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.); Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 869 (southern Honduras to Panama. — Costa Rica: Jiménez, Guayabal, Pacuarito, Rio Frio, Pigres, La Palma de Nicoya, Volcan de Miravalles). — BanGs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 303 (Boruca and Barranca de Puntarenas {(Underwood]). U. S. Nat. Museum: Guaydbo (Ridgway and Zeledon) ; Bonilla (Basulto). Bangs Collection: Juan Vifias and Bolson (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford) ; Juan Vifias, Carrillo (Carriker). Twenty-two skins. This is perhaps the commonest of the cotingas in Costa Rica, rang- ing over the whole of the lowlands of both coasts and up over the central plateau region to about 6,000 feet. It seems to be most abundant at about 1,000 feet on either slope. The birds were feeding in great abundance on the tree mentioned under Carfodectes nitidus. The nest is made in an abandoned woodpecker’s hole. I have often seen the birds entering such holes, but have never secured the eggs. Its native name of ‘‘ Pajaro Chancho’’ is given on account of the resemblance of the note of the birds to the grunting of a pig. 406. Erator albitorques fraseri (Kaup). Tityra albitorques Du Bus, Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg., XIV, pt. ii, 1847, 104 (Peru). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lvc. N. Y.. IX, 1868, 116 (Pacuare [J. Carmiol]). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 332 (Bebedéro, Costa Rica [Arcé]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1890, 119, part (Costa Rican references). Psaris fraseri Kaup, P. Z. S., 1851, 47, pls. 37 (male), 38 (female) (locality unknown). Tityra albitorques frasert, NUTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882 (La Palma de Nicoya). — Bancs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 303 (Paso Real and El Pézo de Térraba [Underwood]). Tityra fraserti CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 36 (Lagarto, one specimen). Erator albitorques SUMICHRAST, Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., I, 1869, 558 (Mex- ico). — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 863 (southeastern Mexico to Peru. — Costa Rica: Bebedéro, La Palma de Nicoya, Pigres, Pacuare, Reventaz6n, Guapiles, San Bernardo, Juan Vifias, Guayahal, Bonilla). U.S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeledon). 664 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Bangs Collection: Juan Vifias, Pozo Azul de Pirris, and Bolson (Underwood). i” C. id. Lankester Collection: Palo. Verde: % Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford); Guapiles, y: Bebedéro and El Pozo de Térraba (Carriker). Five skins. - This is a much rarer bird in Costa Rica than Z7tyra semzfasciata costaricensts, although it occupies about the same range as that species, and when found is usually in company with it. I secured these two species with Carpodectes nitidus at Guapiles, all feeding together in the same tree. Like Carpodectes, it is a silent bird and does not have the peculiar rasping, grunt-like note peculiar to Z7tyra. It is a fruit- eating bird, but also eats insects. 407. Platypsaris aglaie latirostris (Bonaparte). Pachyrhamphus latirostris BONAPARTE, Compt. Rend., X X XVIII, 1854, 658 (Nicaragua [Delattre]). Hadrostomus aglaie (not Pachyrhamphus aglaie Lafresnaye) CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1861, 252 (Lepanto, Costa Rica [Ellendorf]). — LAWRENCE, Ann, Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 116 (reference to record of Cabanis). — FRANTZzIUs, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 309 (Costa Rica; reference to Cabanis’ record). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1890, 121, part. Platypsaris latirostris RipGway, Man. N. A. Birds, 1887, 325 (Costa Rica and Nicaragua); Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 468, 469, 471, in text (em Palma de Nicoya). : Platypsaris aglaie latirostris RIDGWAY, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 468, in text (Nicaragua); XVI, 1893, 612 (La Palma de Nicoya); Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 855 (Pacific slope of Central America ; in Costa Rica: La Palma de Nicoya; Nicaragua, Salvador, and probably into Guatemala). Hadrostomus homochrous (?) NutTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 397 (La Palma de Nicoya). Bangs Collection: Bolson, several skins, Dec., 1907 (Underwood). There are probably fewer specimens from Costa Rica of this form of Platypsaris than of the preceding, the only ones in the U. S. Nat. Museum being taken by Nutting at La Palma de Nicoya. Mr. Bangs has several adults of both sexes taken at Bolson by Underwood in 1907. Mr. Ridgway has placed the Cabanis record of H/adrostomus aglaie under P. a. hypopheus, but the bird recorded by Cabanis was collected at Lepanto, which is on the western coast of the Gulf of Nicoya. 408. Platypsaris aglaiz hypopheus Ridgway. Hadrostomus aglaie (not Pachyrhamphus aglaie Lafresnaye). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 335, part (no Costa Rican specimens). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1890, 121, part (no Costa Rican record for hypopheus). CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF COSTA RICA. 665 Platypsaris aglaie CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 535 (Jiménez, 2). Platypsaris aglaie obscurus RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 475 (Jiménez, Feb. 4, 1891, type, 6; March 4, ? [Alfaro]). Platypsaris aglaie hypophaus RiwGway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1641 197 (Honduras); Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 854 (Atlantic slope of Central America from Honduras to Costa Rica: Jiménez). C. H. Lankester Collection: El Hogar, Dec. 18, 1906, <. Carnegie Museum ; El Hogar, Dec. 28, 1906," +. (Carriker):. Evidently a very rare bird in Costa Rica, and thus far found only in the northeastern portion of the Caribbean lowlands, which is very likely the southernmost extent of its range. There are three skins in the U. S. National Museum from Jiménez, one 3 and two 2’s, collected by Alfaro and Carranza. I know of no others from Costa Rica, except the two taken at El Hogar (three miles from Jiménez) by Mr. Lan- kester and myself. These birds were taken in the heavy forest under about the same conditions as those under which Pachyrhamphus cin- namomeus is found. 409. Pachyrhamphus versicolor costaricensis Bangs. Pachyrhamphus versicolor HARTLAUB, Verz. Mus. Brem., 1844, 51. — BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 65 (La Candelaria). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 339 (Colombia and Ecuador). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr. Am., Aves, II, 1890, 125 (Costa Rican reference).— CHERRIE, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 535 (La Palma de San José, ¢ ). — RmpGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907,°843 (Ecuador, north to Costa Rica: La Palma de San José, Volcan de Irazi, La Candelaria). Pachyrhamphus versicolor costaricensis BANGS, Proc. N. Eng. Zool. Club, IV. 1908, 26 (type, adult ¢, Volcan de Irazii [Underwood)]). Bangs Collection: Volcan de Irazt, March 4, 1690, -( :) Jan. +2:-1007; 2; Sept. 6, 1898, & (Underwood). Fleming Collection: Rio Luisa (Underwood). This is another of the exceedingly rare birds of Costa Rica, but six specimens ever having been taken (so far as] can determine) of which four are in the United States, three in Mr. Bangs’ collection and one in the U. S. National Museum. While in Costa Rica I was shown a beautiful adult male in the possession of Sefior José Zeledén. I do not know whether there are additional specimens in the Museo Na- cional de Costa Rica. So far as now known, the Costa Rican range for the species covers the high mountains only, while all of the skins except one were taken on the Volcano Irazut proper, or in the moun- 666 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. tains immediately at its base. Mr. Underwood says that they are always seen high up in the trees of the forest, but nothing more is known concerning their habits. 4ito. Pachyrhampus cinnamomeus Lawrence. Pachyrhamphus cinnamomeus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VII, 1862, 295 (Lion Hill, Panama); IX, 1868, 116 (San José, Angostura, Turrialba [J. Carmiol), Tucurriqui [Zeled6n]). — FrRANtTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 309 (Costa Rica). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 418 (Costa Rica, two specimens without locality). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 342 (Angostura [Carmiol], Tucurriqui [Arcé]). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1890, 126 (Costa Rican references). — RIDGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907 (southern Mexico to eastern Peru. — Costa Rica: Angostura, Tucurriqui, Turrialba, Bonilla, Carrillo, Jiménez, Guacimo, Rio Stcio, Talamanca, Siptrio, Pigres). Bangs Collection: Carrillo (Underwood). Fleming Collection: Carrillo and Cariblanco de Sarapiqui (Under- wood). Cy He Lankester Collections: “Canblanco, Wns: Carnegie Museum: Guacimo, Carrillo, E] Hogar (Carriker). Seven specimens. This is not an uncommon bird in the northeastern Caribbean low- lands of Costa Rica, but elsewhere it is very rare. With the exception of one bird taken by Sefior Zeledon at Pigres (Pacific coast), all records are from the Caribbean lowlands and foothills, up to not more than 2,o00 feet (Tucurriqui). They are found only in the heavy forest and are rarely seen anywhere except high up in the trees. I found them most abundant at El Hogar, in the heavy forest about three miles north of the railroad. 411. Pachyrhamphus albo-griseus albo-griseus Sclater. Pachyrhamphus albo-griseus SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1857, 78 (Bogota, Colombia). Pachyrhamphus albogriseus SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 347, part (Nicaragua to Venezuela; no Costa Rica record). — SALVIN and Gop- MAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1890, 128 (no Costa Rican record). Pachyrhamphus albo-griseus albo-griseus RipGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 836 (Nicaragua, Pacific coast; Panama, and Colombia; no Costa Rican specimens). Pachyrhamphus ornatus CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 338 (Bar- ranca, Costa Rica). — R1ipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat..Mus., XVI, 1893, 611 (San José, Costa Rica; critical); Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 842 (Costa Rica: Barranca, San José; Colombia: Valparaiso and Santa Marta). CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. 667 Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia: Bebedéro, Sept. 11, 1893, 2 (Under- wood). In the Birds of North and Middle America, Mr. Ridgway states that he is of the opinion that Pachyrhamphus ornatus Cherrie is merely the female of P. albo-griseus Sclater, which opinion I likewise share, for the same reason which he gives, namely, that ?. a/bo-griseus has been taken in western Nicaragua, Panama, and Colombia, but as yet has never been taken in Costa Rica, unless the female Pachyrhamphus described by Mr. Cherrie as ovatus is in reality the female of a/bo- griseus. examined a female Pachyrhamphus in the collection of the Philadelphia Academy, taken at Bebedéro by Underwood, and it seems to me very probable that it is the female of the bird under discussion, albo-griseus. It hardlyseems possible that there should be another species of Pachyrhamphus found within the range of a/bo-griseus, which isso closely related toit as P. ovnatus must be to have the female resemble the female of that species so closely. After carefully considering these facts I have placed Pachyrhamphus ornatus Cherrie under the synonymy of Pachyrhamphus albo-griseus albo-griseus, and added that species to the list of authentic species of Costa Rican birds. 412. Pachyrhamphus polychropterus cinereiventris (Sclater). Pachyrhamphus cinereiventris SCLATER, Cat. Amer. Birds, 1862, 242 (Santa Marta, Colombia); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 344 (no Costa Rican record). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 116 (Barranca, San Mateo, and Angostura [J. Carmiol]). — FRANtTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 309 (Costa Rica). — BOuUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 65 (San Mateo). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 418 (San Mateo). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891, 127, pl. 43, fig. 1 (Costa Rican references). — CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 343 (Costa Rica; critical). — RimpGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 611 (Jiménez, Costa Rica [Alfaro]; critical). — Bancs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 303 (Boruca, Paso Real, and El Pézo de Térraba; Barranca de Puntarenas [Underwood)]). Pachyrhamphus polychropterus cinereiventris RipGWAy, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 829 (Pacific coast of Nicaragua and Costa Rica to Santa Marta, Colombia. — Costa Rica: Angostura, Barranca, San Mateo, Guacimo, and Pézo Azul de Pirris). Pachyrhamphus polychropterus similis (Cherrie), R1ipGWAy, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 832 (Atlantic slope of Costa Rica). U. S. Nat. Museum; Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeled6n), Jiménez _ (Alfaro), San Mateo (Carmiol). Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia ; Bebedéro ( Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Miravalles. 668 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Bangs Collection: Pozo Azul de Pirris, Bolson, Juan Vifias (Under- wood). Carnegie Museum: Guacimo, Miravalles, Pézo Azul de Pirris, Boruca, Buenos Aires, El Pézo de Térraba (Carriker). Eighteen skins. In working over a very large series of skins of Pachyrhamphus polychropterus | am not able to separate the birds from, the eastern and western slopes of Costa Rica as Mr. Ridgway has done. It is true there are some very slight differences between the birds from the Térraba Valley and those from northwestern and eastern Costa Rica, but they seem to me to be altogether too unstable to serve even as t subspecific characters. I have examined all the material available, ; including skins from eastern Nicaragua, which would certainly exhibit the characters pointed out by Mr. Ridgway, if the race were separable. _ There are great differences in the shade of color on the underparts : among birds taken in the same place (due to age, the old birds being darker), several skins from Térraba being as dark if not darker than birds from the Caribbean slope, supposed to be the dark form, szmz/ts ; neither does the character of greater and lesser extent of gray on the rump and lower back hold good, because here again we find skins from the same place exhibiting all gradations in the extent of the gray area, while there are specimens from Boruca which exhibit the black streak- ing on the upper tail coverts, one of the main characters of the so-called P. p. similis, so that I have, after taking these facts into consideration, placed all Costa Rican references and specimens under P. /. cénerez- ventris. This bird is found in most abundance on the Pacific slope, from sea- level up to 2,000 feet, while a few birds are found on the Caribbean slope at the same altitudes. They frequent trees along streams, open woodland, and scattered trees in pastures. ‘They are usually seen in small flocks, although single birds or pairs are not infrequently en- countered. They, like all the cotingas, are largely fruit-eaters. 413. Lathria unirufa clara Ridgway. Lathria unirufa SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1879, 518 (Remedios, Antioquia, Colombia). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 118 (Pacuare). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 353, part (no C. R. records). — SALVIN and GoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891, 129, part (no C. R. references). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1803, 37 (bapaeee and Boruca, four specimens). Lathria unirufa clara RtpGway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash , XI X, 1906, 120 (Pan- GARRIKER: List OF THE Birps OF Costa. RICA. 669 ama; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.); Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 824 (Nica- ragua to northern Colombia. — Costa Rica: P6zo Azul de Pirris, Guapiles, Guacimo, Rio Sicsola, Dos Novillos, Carrillo, Jiménez, Pacuare, Reventaz6n). — Bancs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 303 (El Pézo de Térraba [Underwood]). mangs Collection: La Vijagua, Pozo Aztl de Pirris, Carrillo, El General de Térraba (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Guacimo. Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford) ; Pozo Azul de Pirris, El Hogar, Guacimo, Rio Sicsola, El Pozo de Térraba, Boruca (Carriker). Sixteen specimens. The first published reference to the occurrence of this species in Costa Rica, giving definite locality, is that by Zeled6n, in his Catalogue Sethe Birds of Costa Rica, 1887. In 1893 Mr. Cherrie records specimens from the Térraba Valley. It is not acommon bird in Costa Rica, and is confined to the low- lands of the Caribbean and the southern portion of the Pacific coast region. ‘There are no records of the taking of specimens above an altitude of 1,500 feet. It is confined to the heavy forest, and has habits very similar in almost every respect to the following species. It has the very curious habit of calling out suddenly and loudly two or three times at the report of a gun, or when suddenly disturbed by any cause. ‘This note is loud and clear and of a rather musical tone, and can be heard for some distance. It shows a decided preference for a peculiar hard-wood tree locally known as ‘‘ Gavelon,’’ which is abundant in the foot-hills to the south of the Santa Clara Valley. 414. Lipaugus holerythrus holerythrus Sclater and Salvin. Lipaugus holerythrus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1860, 300 (Choctum, Vera Paz, Guatemala).'-— LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 116 (Angostura {F. and J. Carmiol]). — FRANTzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 309 (Costa Rica). — BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 65 (San Carlos and Juan Vifias). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 118 (Talamanca, Las Trojas, Jiménez, Naranjo de Cartago). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 357 (Tucurriqui [Arcé]). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891, 131 (Costa Rican references).—CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 37 (Boruca). — RICHMOND, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 508 (Rio Frio). — UNDER- woop, Ibis, 1896, 439 (Miravalles). Lipaugus holerythrus holerythrus RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 820 (Guatemala to northern Colombia. — Costa Rica: Angostura, Tucur- riqui, Turrialba, Carrillo, Bonilla, Jiménez, Rio Frio, Cuabre, Rio Sicsola, San Carlos, Naranjo, Volcan de Miravalles, Pézo Azil de Pirris). 670 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Azul de Pirris (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection : Guacimo. Carnegie Museum: Pozo Azul de Pirris, El Pozo de Térraba, Boruca, El Hogar, Miravalles, Bagaces, Carrillo, Cuabre, Rio Sicsola (Carriker). Nineteen skins. _ This is perhaps the most abundant of all the cotingas in Costa Rica, having a range which covers the whole of the Caribbean and Pacific © lowlands up to 3,000 feet on the eastern slope and to about 1,500 feet on the western side. It is confined entirely to the heavy forest, is very solitary in it habits, and has the habit of sitting motionless for long periods. It also catches insects on the wing like a flycatcher, darting out from its perch. The birds usually perch high up in the trees. 415. Attila citreopygus citreopygus (Bonaparte). Dasycephala citreopyga BONAPARTE, Compt. Rend., XX XVIII, 1854, 657 (Nicaragua). Attila citreopygius SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891, 133, part (Costa Rican references). Attila sclateri LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., I X, 1868, 110 (Guaitil [J. Carmiol]). — FRANTzIusS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 306 (Costa Rica). — SALVIN, P. Z. S., — 1867, 146 (Tucurriqui [Arcé]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, © 118 (Naranjo de Cartago). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, © 361 (Irazi District [Rogers], Tucurriqui [Arcé]). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891, 134, part (?) (Costa Rican references). 3 Attila citreopygus citreopygus RIDGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 805 — (eastern Ecuador (?), Panama, eastern Nicaragua and eastern and southern ~ Costa Rica: Tucurriqui, Pacuare, Guapiles, La Hondura, Guaitil, Naranjo, — Jiménez, Coliblanco, Bonilla, Irazi, Cariblanco de Sarapiqui and Pézo Azul de Pirris). — Bancs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 303 (Boruca, and El Pézo de Tér- raba [Underwood)]). Aitila citreopyga luteola RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XI X, 1906, 119 (San | José, Costa Rica; coll. U.S. Nat. Mus.):- , Attila citreopygus luteolus RipGwAy, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 810 (Pacific slope of Nicaragua and Costa Rica: San José). — BANGs, Auk, ' X XIV, 1907, 393 (El Pézo de Térraba, one ¢ [Underwood]). U.S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeled6n). Bangs Collection: Pézo Aztl de Pirris, El General de Térraba, Bol- son, La Vijagua, Cariblanco de Sarapiqui, Carrillo, La Hondura (Underwood). : Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford) ; Carrillo, La ~ CARRIKER: List OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. 671 Hondura, Bebedéro, El Hogar, Miravalles (Carriker). Seven skins. The question of identifying the specimens of Azt/a from Costa Rica has always been a puzzling one, and unfortunately (so far as I can determine) Mr. Ridgway has only complicated matters in his treatment of the genus, at least that portion supposed to occur within the limits of Costa Rica. After the most careful study of a large series of skins of 4. citreopygus (twenty-four from Costa Rica, eight from Panama, and one from Honduras), the only conclusion I can reach is that there is but one form of that species to be found within the limits of Costa Rica, and that 4. cétreopygus luteolus Ridgway cannot be recognized as distinct from true cctreopygus. This species has a very wide range in Costa Rica, covering prac- tically the whole of the country up to at least 6,000 feet above sea- level (I saw a specimen near La Palma at not less than 6,000 feet), not only on the eastern and western slopes, but over the central plateau region as well. Among birds from the same locality, taken at the same time, will be found a great amount of variation. The young birds are much darker brown above and have a brownish breast, but even among immature birds will be found the pale phase which Mr. Ridgway has named Jz¢eo/us, well illustrated by two skins, one from Carrillo and the other from Cariblanco de Sarapiqui (two locali- ties with almost the same altitude and identical conditions present), in which one bird has the usual brown breast and the other a very pale one, with the remainder of the plumage corresponding. These two localities are on the Caribbean slope, low down, while the supposed range of /uzeolus is the Pacific slope. In the series examined there are five adults corresponding to the phase of plumage called /u¢eolus by Mr. Ridgway, one from El Pozo de Térraba, two from Bolson, one from Miravalles, and one from La Vijagua. In all of these locali- ties specimens were taken in the ordinary plumage of ctreopygus, while La Vijagua is on the Caribbean watershed. Again, A¢tla citreopygus has a continuous range from Nicaragua to fanama, so that if 4. c. luteolus is recognized, what can be given as its range? It is found in the middle of the range of another bird only subspecifically distinct from it, and in company with that bird, which according to the definition of a subspecies, is an impossibility. There- fore, taking all these facts into consideration I do not see how it can be recognized, and have, accordingly, placed all references to it un- 672 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM, der Attila citreopygus citreopygus, and give for the range of that bird the whole of Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and at least the northern half of Panama. A series of eight specimens from Loma del Leon, Panama, are so constant, and differ to such a great extent from Costa Rican specimens that they may have to be separated and given a name, but I have hesi tated to do so. They differ in being much smaller, especially the bill ; in being very white below, except on the chest; in having the pileum and nape yellowish olive-green, scarcely streaked, except on the fore-— head, and in having the yellow of the rump more extended upon the back and very pale yellow, almost canary-yellow. 416. Attila tephrocephalus Ridgway. Attila tephrocephalus RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIX, 1906, 118 (Tala- © manca, Costa Rica; coll. U. S: Nat. Mus.); Birds N. and Mid. Amer.) D¥ee 1907, 804 (Southeastern Costa Rica: Talamanca). This species was described by Mr. Ridgway from a single specimen, — and as yet no others have been taken like it. Mr. Bangs and I have both examined the type and are of the opinion that the specimen in ~ question is only an extreme variation of A. citreopygus cilreopygus, — which is an exceedingly variable species. It seems to be the extreme gray phase, approaching which there are other specimens in the Car- — negie Museum and Bangs collection. 417. Idiotriccus zeledoni (Lawrence). Pogonotriccus ? zeledoni LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 144 (Dota and Barranca [F. Carmiol]). Pogonotriccus zeledoni ZELEDON, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VIII, 1885, 108. — SALVIN and GOopDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1888, 19 (Costa Rican references). Idiotriccus zeledoni RipGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVIII, 1905, 210 (crit.); 7 Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 797 (northwestern Panama and Costa © Rica: Barranca and Dota). 7 Carnegie Museum: Carrillo, August 27, 1905, &'; Las Mesas, Nov. 7,96907, 0 (@ariker): This is another of the exceedingly rare birds of Central America, — being confined to Costa Rica and northern Panama (so far as now | known), unless the South American Pogonotriccus opthalmicus Vacza- nowski is the same thing, as suggested by some authors. Mr. Bangs has three specimens from Chiriqui, but none from Costa Rica, and ~ GARRIKER? ILIsT OF THE Brrps or Costa RIca. 673 unless they were sent to Europe (which is doubtful) Underwood has never taken the bird in Costa Rica. ‘The only Costa Rican specimens of which I have any knowledge are the two types, collected by F. Carmiol at Barranca and Dota, and the two specimens in the collec- tion of the Carnegie Museum (cited above). These four birds came from very widely separated regions, from 1,200 feet to at least 4,000 feet above sea-level, so that we may infer that the bird is found over the whole of the more sub-tropical portions of the country, wherever there are heavy, humid forests, but apparently in very small numbers. 418. Microtriccus branneicapillus (Lawrence). Tyrannulus brunneicapillus LAWRENCE, Ibis, 1862, 12 (Panama); Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, rrr (Angostura [J. Carmiol]). — FRANTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 307 (Costa Rica). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 129 (Panama, a somewhat doubtful species). —SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1888, 32 (Costa Rican reference). Microtriccus semiflavus brunneicapillus RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVIII, 1905, 310. Microtriccus brunneicapillus RipGwAy, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 792 (Costa Rica, Panama, and northwestern Ecuador. — Costa Rica: Angos- tura, Jiménez). Two skins. meno Nat. Museum: Jiménez, 1890 (?) (Cherrie) ; Feb. 11, 1891, 2 (Underwood) ; July 5, 1892 (Verrill). Bangs Collection : Jiménez, July 6, 1892 (Underwood). Carnegie Museum : Guacimo, Dec. 24, 1903; El Hogar, March 26, 1907 (Carriker). Two skins. Apparently confined to the lowlands of the Caribbean, below 1,500 feet. With the exception of the single specimen taken at Angostura (on the Reventazon River at about 1,500 feet) all the Costa Rican birds have been taken within a radius of not more than three miles of Jiménez, in the Santa Clara Valley, in the northeastern part of the country, and at an altitude of about 709 feet. Both of the birds which I took were secured in small semi-open spots in the forest beside little creeks. ‘The specimen taken at El Hogar was pecking at some insect in a decayed knot-hole on the side of asmall tree-trunk. It is certainly a very rare bird in Costa Rica. 419. Microtriccus semiflavus (Sclater and Salvin). Tyrannulus semiflavus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1860, 300 (Choctum, Vera Paz, Guatemala; coll. Salvin and Godman). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 129 (Guatemala). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.- Am., Aves, II, 1888, 32 (Mexico to Nicaragua). 674 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Microtriccus semiflavus RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 791 (southern Mexico to Costa Rica: Pézo Aziil de Pirris). — BAncs, Auk X XIV, 1907, 303 (Boruca, one ¢ [Underwood)]). Bangs Collection; Pézo Aztl de Pirris, two specimens; El General de Térraba, one (Underwood). . Carnegie Museum ; Boruca, 3, July 23, 1907 (Carriker). This Acrotriccus is evidently confined to the Pacific lowlands in Costa Rica, its place being taken by JZ. drunnetcapillus on the Carib- bean side. I did not see more than one bird while in the Térraba Valley, which I secured. Underwood secured one bird at Boruca the previous year, one the same year at El General and two at Pozo Azul some time previously. Ido not think there are specimens from Costa Rica in the U. 8. National Museum, and probably the first specimen of the species taken in Costa Rica is the one in Mr. Bangs’ collection, col- lected at Pézo Azul de Pirris, June, 1902, by Underwood. 420. Carpodectes antoniz Zeledon. Carpodectes antonie ‘‘ Zeledén MS.,’’ RipGway, Ibis, 5th ser., II, 1884, 27, 28, — pl. 2 (Pé6zo Azil de Pirris; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.); Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 7 VI, 1883, 410 (Pézo Azil de Pirris, May, 1883 [Juan Zeledén]; reprint of © descr.); X, 1887, 20 (descr. adult female); Condor, VII, 1905, 155, im text (Pigres). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 118 (Pézo Azul de © Pirris). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 389 (no specimens). — SALVIN and GopMaNn, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891, 141 (Costa Rican references). — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 789 (Pacific slope of western Panama and Costa Rica: Pigres, and P6ézo Azul de Pirris). Bangs Collection: Pézo Azul de Pirris. Several specimens ( Under- wood). Carnegie Museum: Pozo Azul de Pirris (Carriker) ; d', May 20, 1902. This beautiful species is found only in southwestern Costa Rica, south of the Rio Grande de Tarcoles (?), and has thus far been taken only in the valley of the Rio Grande de Pirris. Neither Cherrie, Underwood, nor myself found it in the Térraba region. It is much rarer than its eastern representative, C. mzt¢dus, and has a much more restricted range. ‘The single specimen which I took at Pozo Azul de Pirris was alone, feeding in a low tree in company with some honey- creepers. I saw no others. 421. Carpodectes nitidus Salvin. Carpodectes nitidus SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1864, 583, pl. 36 (Tucurriqui, Costa Rica [Arcé]).— LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., 1X, 1868, 117 (Tucurriqui [Arcé]). — GCARRIKER: List OF THE: BIRDS: OF CoOsTA RIGA. 675 FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 310 (Costa Rica). — Boucarp, P. Z. S., 1878, 65 (San Carlos; descr. of female). — R1ipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., I, 1878, 255 (Pacuare; descr. of immature male); XI, 1888, 544 (Pacuare [Carlos Cervantes], 1876); Condor, VII, 1905, 156, in text (Bonilla).— ZEL- EDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 118 (Carrillo and Pacuare). — ScLa- TER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 389 (Tucurriqui [Arcé]). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891, 140 (Costa Rican references). — RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 509 (Rio Frio). — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 788 (Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica (Atlantic slope): Tucurriqui, San Carlos, Pacuare, Carrillo, Bonilla, Guapiles, Guacimo, Rio Frio). Bangs Collection: Carrillo (Underwood), Rio Frio (Richmond). C. H. Lankester Collection : Guacimo, Limon. Fleming Collection: Reventazon (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford) ; Guacimo, Car- rillo (Carriker). Twelve skins. Confined to the Caribbean lowlands and lower slopes up to an alti- tude of not more than 2,000 feet, and found only in the heavy forest. I did not see the bird in southeastern Costa Rica but I presume it occurs there, for unless found feeding, it is rarely if ever seen. I was fortunate to find a tree near Guapiles where many were feeding, in _ company with several other species of cotingas, and in three days I secured ten specimens. The tree was a rather isolated one in a pasture about a quarter of a mile from the heavy forest, and bore a large quantity of small purplish green, berry-lke fruit, upon which the cotingas were gorging themselves. I occasionally saw a. bird after that at different times in the Santa Clara Valley, but always high up in some giant forest tree. 422. Cotinga ridgwayi Zeledon. Cotinga ridgwayi ‘* Zeledén, MS.,’’ RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X, 1887, I, pl. 6, fig. 3 (P6zo Azil de Pirris; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 118 (Pézo Azil de Pirris). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 384 (no C. R. specimens). — SALVIN and GopMaAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1890, 139 (Costa Rican reference). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 37 (Lagarto). — RIpGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 783 (western Pacific slope of Panama and southwestern Costa Rica: P6zo Aztil de Pirris and Pigres). Bangs Collection: Pozo Azul de Pirris, Feb. 15, 1898 (Underwood). One of the very rare birds of Central America, of which but very few specimens have ever been taken in Costa Rica. Nothing is known of its habits more than that it is confined to the heavy forests of the 676 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Pacific lowlands from the Rio Grande de Tarcoles southward into Panama. 423. Cotinga amabilis Gould. Cotinga amabilis GOULD, P. Z. S., 1857, 64, pl. 123 (Guatemala; coll. J. Gould). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., 1X, 1868, 117 (San José (?) [Frantzius]), =" FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 310 (Ordési). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 118 (Naranjo de Cartago and Birris). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 384 (Costa Rica [Van Patten]). — SALVIN and Gop- MAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891, 138 (Costa Rican references). — ~ RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 781 (Southeastern Mexico'to — Costa Rica: ‘‘ San José,’” Naranjo de Cartago, Carrillo,, Talamanca). Ampelis amabilis CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1861, 253 (Costa Rica [Hoffmann]). Bangs Collection: Carrillo (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Tuis. Fleming Collection; Cachi (Underwood). This superb cotinga is confined to the Caribbean lowlands and lower slopes, up to about 2,500 or 3,000 feet. It is most abundant at about 1,000 or 1,200 feet. It is a rare bird in -Costa Rica and one vers seldom seen, except when it comes to certain fruit-bearing trees to feed in company with other cotingas. Nothing is known of its breeding habits. Like all the family, it is confined to the heavy forests, only coming out into the open to feed. —— a Tes Ts F Family PIPRIDA. 424. Piprites griseiceps Salvin. Piprites griseiceps SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1864 (publ. April, 1865), 583 (Tucurriqui, Costa Rica [Arcé]). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 116 (Tucur- riqui [Arcé]).— FRANTzIUs, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 309 (Costa Rica). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 285 (type skin). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., II, 1890, 107 (Costa Rican references). — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 768 (Costa Rica: Tucurriqui, Reventazoén, and Jiménez). Bangs Collection: Reventazon, co, 1892; La Vijagua, Feb. 19, 2 ; March 1, 1908 (Underwood). Field Museum: El Hogar, March 21, 1907, o& (Carriker). C. H. Lankester Collection: Miravalles, June 22, 1906, one speci- men. This is the rarest of the Central American Pifride, and is found only in Costa Rica and Nicaragua. The type came from Tucurriqui, and was collected by Arcé in 1862 or 1863. Cherrie secured a male at PARRIKER: | List, OF THE BIRDS OF -CosTA RICA. Oud. Jiménez, January 12, 1890, which was very probably the second speci- men of the species ever taken. ‘The only other specimens in this country are the three in Mr. Bangs’ collection and the one in the Field Museum. I do not know whether Underwood ever sent any specimens of it to the Tring Museum in England or not, but it is very probable that he did not. It is confined chiefly to the lower portion of the Caribbean slopes up to about 2,000 feet, and is found only in the heavy, humid forest. Its occurrence at Miravalles is very unusual, but since the con- tinental divide at that point is rather low, the bird vey probably crossed over from the eastern slope. 425. terriocens rufescens (Sclater. ) Lipaugus rufescens SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1857, 276 (Coban, Guatemala).— SCLATER and SALVIN, Exotic Orn., pt. I, 1866, 5, 6, pl. 3. — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. INoesY on DX, 1868, 116 (Barranca [F. Carmiol], Tucurriqui [Zeledén]). — FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 309 (Costa Rica). Aulia rufescens ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 118 (Pézo Azitl de Pirris). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 355 (no Costa Rican record). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1891, 130 (Costa Rican references). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 439 (Miravalles). Lantocera rufescens RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X, 1888, 589 (Honduras; critical); Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 765 (Guatemala to north- western Ecuador. — Costa Rica: Sipurio, Tucurriqui, Barranca, Talamanca, Bonilla, Cariblanco de Sarapiqui, and Volcan de Miravalles). Banes Collection: Cariblanco de. Sarapiqui, Sept. 2, 1899, 2 ; La Vijagua, Feb. 14 to March 8, 1908, two o’s and & (Underwood). This is another of the extraordinarily rare birds of Costa Rica, as well as throughout its large range. Little or nothing is known of its habits, more than that it is a bird of the forest. I was not able to secure specimens of it, nor have I ever, to my knowledge, seen it in life. 426. Scotothorus vere-pacis (Sclater). Heteropelma vere-pacis SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1860, 300 (Choctum, Vera Paz, Guate- mala). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 116 (Angostura and Cer- vantes [J. Carmiol]).— FRANtzius, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 309 (Angostura, Turrialba and Tucurriqui).— ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 118 (Angostura and Jiménez). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 320 (Valsa and Angostura [Carmiol]). — SALVIN and GopMaAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1890, 116 (Costa Rican references). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 36 (Palmar and Boruca). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 439 (Miravalles). Scotothorus OBERHOLSER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, 208 (new name for Heteropelma). 678 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Scotothorus vere-pacis dumicola RIDGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 759 (British Honduras to Chiriqui.— Costa Rica: Angostura, Cervantes, Valsa, Turrialba, Guapiles, Carrillo, Cariblanco de Sarapiqui, Jiménez, Pézo — Azul de Pirris, Volcan de Miravalles). — Bancs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 303 (El Pézo de Térraba [Underwood)}). Bangs Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui, La Vijagua, Buenos Aires, and El General de Térraba (Underwood). C,H. Lankester; Collection) Quis. Fleming Collection: Pdzo Azul de Pirris and Carrillo (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Guapiles and Volcan de Turrialba, 2,000 feet (Carriker & Crawford), Pozo Azul de Pirris, Carrillo, El Hogar, Boruca (Carriker). Eleven skins. This manakin has a wide distribution in Costa Rica, occupying the whole of the Caribbean and Pacific lowlands and slopes up to about 2,000 feet. It is most abundant on the Caribbean slope from the Reventazon River northward along the foothills at an altitude of about 1,500 feet. It is found only in the heavy forest, and keeps on or near the ground most of the time. It has a peculiar flitting flight, hopping up suddenly and flitting off for a few yards and alighting on or very near the ground. When Mr. Bangs separated the Chiriqui Scofo‘horus under the name of S. vere-pacis dumicola, he had but three specimens of the southern bird for comparison with Mexican specimens, and these, unfortunately, were rather unusually colored birds. Since that time much material has been accumulated and it appears that the southern race is not a stable one, there being a great amount of individual variation among birds from all localities and that most of the birds in Chiriqut and Costa Rica are dark like those from Guatemala, the type locality for the species. There is, therefore, but one form of Scotothorus vere-pacts in Central America, which must be known by the name here used. 427. Corapipo altera altera (Hellmayr). Pipra leucoirhoa SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1867, 149 (Tucurriqui, Costa Rica; descr. of female). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 116, part (Cervantes and Angostura). — BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 66 (Cervantes and Juan Vifias). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 118, part (Naranjo de Cartago and Chirripo). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 301, part (Angostura [Carmiol], Tucurriqui [Arcé]).— SALvIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1890, 111, part (Costa Rican references). — CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 536 (description of female and young male; Costa Rica). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 439 (Miravalles). i ‘ | | 1 a CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BiRDS OF Costa Rica. 679 Corapipo leucorrhoa aliera HELLMAYR, Bull. Brit. Orn., Club, XVI, no. cxxiv (Carrillo, May 8, 1906 [Underwood]; Tring Museum). — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 755, part (Panama and Costa Rica, and eastern Nicaragua. — Costa Rica: Angostura, Turrialba, Turcurriqui, Cervantes, Naranjo, Carrillo, Guapiles, Barranca, Bonilla, La Candelaria, Jiménez, Buena Vista, La Concepcion de Jiménez). U. S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeledén), Bonilla (Basulto). Bangs Collection: Carrillo, La Vijagua, Cariblanco de Sarapiqui (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Guapiles and Volcan de Turrialba, 2,000 feet (Carriker & Crawford); Guacimo, Carrillo, El] Hogar (Carriker). Twenty-nine skins. When Mr. Hellmayr described this bird he made it a subspecies of C. leucorrhoa of Panama, giving as the distinguishing character the difference in the wing-formula. This difference is very constant, with no apparent intergradation, and in my judgment forms a specific rather than subspecific character. ‘To strengthen this supposition I discovered that the birds of this species from southwestern Costa Rica were very distinct from those of the Caribbean slope, in the color-pattern of the throat, and with no intergradation between the two. I have therefore raised Hellmayr’s subspecies to specific rank, and made the new bird a subspecies of it, the two having the same wing formula.’ C. a. altera is confined to the Caribbean slope, and the extreme northwestern Pacific slope in Costa Rica, the continental divide being so low at that point that it has crossed over in small numbers. It is a bird of the humid forest, scarcely ever taken below 800 feet altitude, and running upwards to at least 3,000 feet. 428. Corapipo altera albibarbis subsp. nov. Pipra leucorrhoa LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 116, part (Guaitil [F. Carmiol]). — FRANTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 309 (San Mateo and Pa- caca). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 118, part (Pézo Azt t Since writing the above, I have had the opportunity of examining five males of Corapipo leucorrhoa from northwestern Colombia, which when compared with specimens from eastern Costa Rica further strengthen the supposition that they are specifically distinct. ~The Colombian birds are decidedly metallic blue on the lower parts, especially on the sides of the body, where the blue is almost as intense as on the upper parts; also the color-pattern of the white area of the throat is slightly different, the lower edge being slightly convex, while in C. a. aliera it is con- cave. The wing-pattern is the same as given by Mr. Hellmayr for the southern bird. 680 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. de Pirris and Guaitil). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 301, part (no specimen from region occupied by this race). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1890, 111, part (Costa Rican references). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 36 (Palmar and Boruca). Coraptpo leucorrhoa altera RIDGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 755, part (Guaitil). — BANGs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 303 (Boruca, Paso Real [Under- wood]). U. S.-Nat. Mus. Collection: Guaitil (F. Carmiol). Bangs Collection: El General and Buenos Aires de Térraba (Under- wood). Carnegie Museum: Guaitil, Boruca (Carriker). Four skins. Type, No. 11,273, Carnegie Museum; adult co‘, Guaitil, @osme Rica;May 4; 1902 5M. A. Carrikernsajme Similar to Corapipo aléera altera (Hellmayr), except that the white on the throat is more restricted medially, and extends around farther on the sides of the neck. In C. altera altera the posterior border of the white patch on the throat is nearly straight or slightly concave, and the distance from the tip of the bill to its posterior margin averages about 20 mm., while in the new form the posterior margin has the shape of an inverted V (A), with the distance from the tip of the bill to the apex of the A only 12 mm., giving it a very decided ‘‘ mustache ’’ appearance. Two immature males have the same color-pattern as the adults. The females differ from C. a. a/fera in being slightly more oliva- ceous-green above. Seven adult and two immature males and numerous females of the new form were examined and compared with a large series of C. a. allera. In Costa Rica this new form is confined to the southwestern Pacific slope region, probably from the Rio Grande de Tarcoles southward, and from near sea-level up to about 3,000 feet in small numbers. It is nowhere so abundant as is its eastern representative, C. a. altera, in some parts of the Caribbean slope. This form extends down the Pacific slope as far as Divala, and the Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama, ~ specimens from those localities, collected by W. W. Brown, in the collection of Mr. Bangs, being identical with Costa Rican birds. 429. Pipra pipra anthracina Ridgway. Pipra leucocilla (not of Linnzus) SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 297, part (no Costa Rican record). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1890, 110, part (no Costa Rican record). — CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 536 (description of female from Costa Rica). ] : CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTa RICA. 681 Pipra pipra anthracina RipGWAyY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIX, 1906, 117 (Moravia, Costa Rica, adult ¢, Oct. 30, 1885 [J. Cooper]).— Ripcway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 751 (Panama and southwestern Costa Rica: Moravia). U.S. Nat. Museum; Guayabo, March 14 and 30, 1908, co juv. and ¢ (Ridgway and Zeledon). The only specimens of this form ever taken in Costa Rica, of which I have any knowledge, are those mentioned under the references to literature, and the two birds taken by Mr. Ridgway. I have never seen the bird alive and know nothing in addition to what Mr. Ridgway gives concerning it. 430. Pipra velutina Berlepsch. Pipra velutina, BERLEPSCH, Ibis, 1883, 492 (Veragua, Panama; coll. Count von Berlepsch). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 299 (no Costa Rican record). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, T1890, I10 (no Costa Rican record). — CHERRIE, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 535 (Pé6zo Azul de Pirris, Costa Rica; critical). — HELLMayrR, Ibis, 1906, 31 (Pé6zo Azul de Pirris [Underwood, in Tring Mus.] ; monograph).— RIDGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 750 (southwestern Costa Rica to Ecuador. — Costa Rica: Boruca, P6zo Azul de Pirris, Pézo del Pital). — Bancs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 303 (Boruca, Paso Real, and El Pézo de Térraba [Underwood]). Bangs Collection; Buenos Aires and El General (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Pozo Azul de Pirris, El Pozo de Térraba, Boruca, and Buenos Aires (Carriker). Fifteen skins. This Pzpra is confined to the extreme southwestern portion of Costa Rica, from P6zo Azul de Pirris southward, and from sea-level up to about 2,000 feet. It seems to be most plentiful at about 1,200 feet. Like P. mentals ignifera, this species keeps in the forest, near the ground, and makes the same cracking noise with its bill. It is, however, more solitary in its habits, and is rarely seen in company with other birds, even of its own kind. Neither are the males and females often seen in company. All males taken during July and the first part of August were undergoing the postnuptial moult, especially of the crown-feathers, which were just beginning to come in, so that no birds in full plumage were taken before late in August and September. 431. Pipra mentalis ignifera Bangs. Pipra mentalis (not of Sclater, 1856) SCLATER and SALVIN, Ibis, 1864, 362 (Panama; crit.). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 116 (Angostura 682 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. and Tuis [J. Carmiol], Tucurriqui [Zeledén]). — FRANtTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 309 (Costa Rica). — Boucarp, P. Z. S., 1878, 66 (San Carlos). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 118 (Las Trojas, Pézo Azial de Pirris, Tucurriqui, Pacuare). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 295, part (Angostura [Carmiol], Tucurriqui and Turrialba [Arcé]). — SALVIN and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1890, 108, part (Costa Rican ref- erences). — CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 536 (Costa Rica; descr. of female); Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 35 (Lagarto, Boruca, and Térraba). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 439 (Miravalles). Pipra mentalis ignifera BaNncs, Auk, XVITI, 1901, 363 (Divala, Chiriqui, Panama; type in coll. E. A. and O. Bangs). — HELLMayr, Ibis, 1906, 15 and 3-5 (key; monogr.) — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 747 (Panama and Costa Rica: Angostura, Tucurriqui, Turrialba, Tuis, Pézo Azul de Pirris, Pézo del Pital, Boruca, Cuabre, Talamanca, Volcan de Mira- valles).— Bancs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 303 (Boruca, Paso Real, and El Pézo de Térraba [Underwood]). Bangs Collection ; Pézo Azul de Pirris ; Buenos Aires, and El General de Térraba (Underwood ). C. H. Lankester Collection ; La Florida. Carnegie Museum ; Cuabre, Rio Sicsola, Boruca, El Pézo de Teérraba, and Pozo Azul de Pirris (Carriker). Twenty-nine skins. There seems to be a slight difference between birds from the Carib- bean lowlands and those from the Pacific. All specimens from the Pacific lowlands have the thighs deep yellow as in birds from British Honduras, the tail seems about the same length, but the scarlet of the pileum is darker, being about the same shade as in birds from Tala- manca (Caribbean side). The ‘Talamancan birds have the thighs paler yellow and the scarlet nuchal feather slightly longer (apparently) than those from the Pacific. This handsome manakin is found over the lowlands of practically the whole of Costa Rica, but is most abundant in Talamanca and in the southwestern region. They are found only in the heavy forest, and prefer damp places or the borders of creeks and streams. They keep low down in the undergrowth or low limbs of the trees and are usually seen in little bands of five to eight or ten. Like most of the manakins they make a peculiar cracking sound with their bills (only the males). 432. Chiroprion linearis (Bonaparte). Native name “ Toledo.” Pipra linearis BONAPARTE, P. Z. S., 1837, 113 (‘‘ Mexico”’’). Chiroxiphia linearis CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1861, 253 (Costa Rica [Hoffmann and Frantzius]). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 116 (San Mateo CARRIKER > LIST OF THE BIRDS or Costa RICA. 683 [J. Cooper], El Berilla [Zeled6n], Grecia [F. Carmiol]). — FRANtzrus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 309 (San Mateo and Pacaca). — Boucarp, P. Z. S.. 1878, 66 (Navarro). — NUTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 396 (La Palma de Nicoya). — R1pGway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., V. 1882, 500 (locality unknown). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 118 (Las Trojas, Alajuéla, Liberia, and Monte Redondo). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 309 (Bebedéro [Arcé], Dota [Carmiol], San Juan [Frantzius], [raza district [Rogers]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1890, 112 (Costa Rican references). — CHERRIE, Auk, IX, 1892, 322 (San José, a rare straggler). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 439 (Miravalles). Chiroprion linearis RIDGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907. 739 (southern Mexico to Costa Rica: San José, La Palma de San José, Tres Rios, Irazi, Dota, San Mateo, Grecia, San Juan, Sabanilla, Guaitil, Escazi, Pézo Azil de Pirris, Pigres, La Palma de Nicoya, Bebedéro, Las Trojas, Navarre, San Carlos, La Candelaria, Alajuéla, El Berilla and Volcan de Miravalies). — Bancs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 303 (Paso Real and Barranca de Térraba, two specimens [Underwood)}). Bangs Collection: La Candelaria, Miravalles, Sabanilla, Bagaces, Bolson, Tenorio, Cerro de Santa Maria ( Underwood). ©. Lankester Collection : Tres Rios, Cachi, La Palma de San José, Juan Vifias. Carnegie Museum ; Esparta, Guaitil, San Mateo, Miravalles, Bagaces, Bebedéro (Carriker). Twenty-nine skins. This is one of the handsomest of the manakins of Costa Rica and has the most curious habits of any which I have ever seen. It is practically confined to the Pacific slope, from the coast up over the central plateau region to an altitude of perhaps 5,000 feet. It is very rare in the interior and in the Térraba Valley, being most abundant arouna the shores of the Gulf of Nicoya and in Guanacaste up to an elevation of about 1,500 feet. ‘The native name for the species is ‘«Toledo,’’ an exact imitation of the call note of the bird. I have seen the males jump up and down ona branch, their heads down, wings half spread and feathers ruffled up, uttering at short intervals their note of ‘‘ toledo’’ interspersed with the most curious cracking noise, produced by violently snapping the mandibles together. It frequents undergrowth in the forest and scrubby second-growth in particular, but is not seen so much in heavy dark forest. 433. Manacus aurantiacus (Salvin). Chiromacheris aurantiaca SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1870, 200 (Bugaba, Panama). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de Costa Rica, I, 1887, 118 (Las Trojas, three speci- mens). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds, Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 316 (no Costa Rican 684 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. record). — SALVIN and GOpMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1890, 115, pl. 41, figs. I, 2 (no Costa Rican record). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 26 (Palmar, Lagarto, Boruca, Térraba, and Buenos Aires; large series). — Manacus aurantiacus R1pGwAy, Birds N. and Mid. Ametr., IV, 1907, 734 (west- ern Panama and southwestern Costa Rica: Pézo Azil de Pirris and Las Trojas). — BANGs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 303 (Boruca, El Pézo, Paso Real, and Lagarto de Térraba [Underwood]). Bangs Collection: P6zo Azul de Pirris; Buenos Aires, and El General de Térraba (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Pozo Azul de Pirris; El Pozo, Boruca, and Buenos Aires de Térraba (Carriker). ‘Twenty-four skins. This handsome manakin is confined to the southwestern Pacific low- lands, from Las Trojas southward, but is not abundant until the region of the Rio Grande de Pirris is reached. Even there it is mot near so common as in the Térraba Valley, where it is one of the commonest of the birds inhabiting the low scrubby woodland so abundant in that region. It is rarely seen above 1,500 or 1,800 feet. Its favorite abode is in the low scrub along the edges of the ‘‘sabanas.’’ I took a nest of this species at Pézo Azul de Pirris, May 8, 1902, containing one fresh egg. The female was incubating, but would probably have laid another egg. The nest was of the vireo type, only more frail and with thinner walls. It was constructed entirely of black rootlets, very thin and frail, and hung ina horizontal fork of a small shrub about five feet from the ground, in adense thicket. The egg is creamy- white, rather elliptical in shape and profusely speckled and blotched with lilac and purplish-red in a broad wreath about the larger end. Measurements : 17.72. /5.0am: 434. Manacus candei ( Parzudaki). Pipra candei PARZUDAKI, Rev. Zool., IV, 1841, 306 (Truxillo, Honduras). Manacus candei BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., I, 1850, 171. — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 730 (southeastern Mexico to Costa Rica: Angos- tura, Tucurriqui, Turrialba, San Carlos, Guacimo, Guapiles, Carrillo, Jiménez, Juan Vifias). Chiromacheris candei LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 117 (Turrialba and Angostura [J. Carmiol]). — FRaNTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 310 (Orési). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 118 (Angostura, Limon, Jiménez). Chiromacheris cand@i BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 66 (San Carlos). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 314 (Angostura [Carmiol], Tucurriqui [Arcé]). — SALVIN and GopMan, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1890, 114 (Costa Rican references). CARRIKER.: “List OF THE BIRDS OF COSTA RICA. 685 Bangs Collection: Carrillo and Juan Vifias (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Guacimo. Carnegie Museum: Guapiles and Guacimo (Carriker & Crawford) ; Juan Vifias, Guacimo, Carrillo, El Hogar (Carriker). Twenty- four skins. I have never seen this manakin in any part of Costa Rica except the northern portion of the Caribbean watershed, from the Matina River northward and from an altitude of about 500 feet to 2,500 feet, on the Reventazén River below Juan Vifias. They were par- ticularly abundant in the forest north of Guacimo and El Hogar, where a fine series was secured. ‘They have all the usual habits of the manakins, keeping near the ground, in the underbrush and low trees, and prefer tangled jungle to more open forest. When any males are in the vicinity they can always be detected by their odd habit of cracking their mandibles together, and when doing this the elongated jugular feathers are raised. Family TYRANNID. 435. Muscivora tyrannus (Linnzus). Muscicapa tyrannus LINNZuS, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 325 (Surinam). Milvulus tyrannus CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1861, 251 (highlands of Costa Rica [Hoffmann, Frantzius, and Ellendorf]).— LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 116 (San José [J. Carmiol]).— FrRANtzius, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 309 (one of the common birds of Costa Rica). — RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 496 (Irazii [Nutting]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 117 (Cartago, Alajuéla, and Las Trojas).— SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 277 (Bebedéro and Tucurriqui [Arcéj, Irazi district [Rogers]). — SALVIN and GopDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1890, 104 (Costa Rican references). — CHERRIE, Auk, VII, 1890, 332 (San José from June 7 to middle of July and from Sept. 1st to Nov. Ist; absent rest of vear, breeds at lower altitudes); IX, 1892, 322 (San José; note on nesting). — UNDERWOOD, Jbis, 1896, 439 (Miravalles). Muscivora tyrannus FRASER, P. Z. S., 1843, 120 (Mendoza, Argentina: habits). — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 718 (Mexico, Central and nearly whole of South America. — Costa Rica: San José, Alajuéla, Volcan de Irazi, Volcan de Miravalles, Bonilla, Turrialba, Guayabal and Ordsi). — Bancs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 302 (Paso Real de Térraba [Underwood]). U.S. Nat. Museum : Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeledon). Bangs Collection: Azahar de Cartago (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Volcan de Irazt and San José. Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford); Volcan de 686 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Irazi, Juan Vifias, Buenos Aires de Térraba (Carriker). Seven skins. The Fork-tailed Flycatcher is a common bird in many parts of — Costa Rica and has a very wide distribution, being found in almost every part of the country up to 8,000 or g,ooo feet, wherever cleared lands are to be found. The habits of this bird are too well known to need further comment. 436. Muscivora forficata (Gmelin). Muscicapa forficata GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, 931 (based on Gobe-mouche a queue fourchus, du Mexique, Daubenton, Pl. Enl., pl. 677). Milvulus forficatus CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1861, 252 (Costa Rica [Frantzius]). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 116 (record of Cabanis cited, antea). — FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 309 (one specimen obtained from Bonnecourt, shot near southern border of Costa Rica, near Chiriqui). — BoucarpD, P. Z. S., 1878, 65 (San José). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 117 (San Mateo). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888) 279 (Costa Rica [Carmiol]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1890, 106 (Costa Rican references). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 439 (Bagaces, abundant in November and Decembe1 on telegraph wires; Mira- valles, not common).— ALFARO, Paginas I]lustradas, I, 1904, 506 (Costa Rica; habits). Muscivora forficata RIDGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 715 (southern U. S., southward during migration through Mexico and Central America to northern Panama. — Costa Rica: Gulf of Nicoya, San José, Miravalles, Pigres, and Santo Domingo de San Mateo). Bangs Collection: Tenorio, Bolson, and Bagaces (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection : Turrticares and Ochomogo. The Scissor-tailed Flycatcher is not so abundant in Costa Rica as the preceding, being only a winter visitor there, although present in con- siderable numbers at times. It is most abundant in Guanacaste, espe- cially around the Gulf of Nicoya, and spreading from there up over the Pacific slope of the northern half of the country, as far as the valley of San José. It habits are similar tq those of the preceding species and are also well known to students of ornithology. 437. Tyrannus melancholicus satrapa (Cabanis and Heine). Tyrannus melancholicus (not of Vieillot) CABANIS, in Schomburgk’s Reis. Brit. Guiana, III, 1848. — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 116 (San José and Grecia [J. Carmiol]). — FRANtTzius, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 308 (whole highlands). — BoucarD, P. Z. S., 1878, 64 (San José, common everywhere). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 273, part (Bebedéro and Tu- CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. 687 curriqui [Arcé], Irazi district [Rogers]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.- Am., Aves, II, ror (Costa Rican references). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 438 (Miravalles). Laphyctes satyrapa CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 1859, 77 (Guiana; Caracas, Venezuela; ex Muscicapa satrapa Lichtenstein, manuscript, from Mexico). — CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1861, 251 (Costa Rica [Hoffmann, Frantzius, and Ellendorf]). Tyrannus melancholicus var. satrapa LAWRENCE, Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., II, 1874, 288 (Mazatlan, Mexico). Tyrannus melancholicus satrapa NUTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 394 (La Palma de Nicoya). — RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 496 (Irazi [Nutting]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus., Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 117 (Ala- juéla, Cartago, San José). — CHERRIE, Auk, I X, 1892, 251 (San José; notes on nesting); Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 35 (Boruca and Buenos Aires). — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 700 (western and southern Mexico, southward through Central America to Lower Amazon Valley. — Costa Rica: San José, Grecia, Barranca, Sarchi, Volcan de Irazt, Volcan de Miravalles, Santo Domingo de San Mateo, Jiménez, Alajuéla, and Juan Vifias). — Bancs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 302 (Boruca [Underwood]). U.S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeledon), El Copey, and Santa Maria de Dota (Basulto). Bangs Collection: Bolson, Cerro de Santa Maria, Juan Vifias, El _ General, and Buenos Aires de Térraba (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford) ; Rio Sicsola, El Hogar, Miravalles, El Pozo de Teérraba, Buenos Aires, and Pun- tarenas (Carriker). Sixteen skins. This is the most abundant and widely distributed flycatcher in Costa Rica, being found over the entire country up to at least 5,000 feet and perhaps higher, wherever there is cleared land or open wood- land. It is never found in the forest. Its habits are very similar to those of Zyrannus tyrannus. ‘The nest and eggs are also very simi- lar, except that the nest is a much more flimsy affair. Three eggs are usually deposited. 438. Tyrannus tyrannus (Linnzus). Lanius tyrannus LINNZUS, Syst. Nat., ed, 10, I, 1758, 94 (based on Muscicapa corona rubra Catesby, Carolina, I, 55, pl. 55). Tyrannus tyrannus American Ornithologists’ Union Check-List, 1886, no. 444. — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 689 (temperate North America, south in winter through Mexico and Central America to Panama; no Costa Rican record). — BANGS, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 302 (El Pézo de Térraba {Underwood]). Tyrannus pipiri SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 267 (no Costa Rican record). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1889, 97 (no Costa Rican record). 688 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Bangs Collection: Los Cuadros de Irazt, Sept. 18-21 (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Volcan de Iraztt, April 2, 1902, oc and 2 (Carriker), Two skins. The first published record of the presence of the Kingbird in Costa Rica — is that by Mr. Bangs, cited above. It would seem that there are no speci- By mens of it in the U. S. Nat. Museum from Costa Rica, for Mr. Ridgway 7 makes no mention of its occurrence in that country. It is not a rare bird © in Costa Rica by any means, being found in the lowlands of both coasts as well as in the high interior. I frequently saw the bird perched on the — telephone- and telegraph-wires along the railroad on the Old Line near El Hogar, but never collected any specimens. Its habits in the winter undergo no change, and it is the same pugnacious fighter there as on its . breeding grounds. 439. Pitangus sulphuratus derbianus (Kaup). Lanius sulphuratus LINN2ZUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 137 (Cayenne). Saurophagus derbianus KAvuP, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1851, 44, pl. 36 (Zacatécas, Mexico). Pitangus derbianus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 114 (Santa Ana [Lopez]). — FRANtzi1us, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 307 (Santa Ana Valley). — NUuTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 394 (La Palma de Nicoya). —= RipDGWAy, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 500 (San José [Nutting]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 116 (Las Trojas). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 175 (no C. R. specimens). — SALVIN and GOpMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1889, 43 (Costa Rican references). — CHERRIE, Auk, IX, 1892, 250 (San José, rare). Pitangus sulphuratus derbianus RIDGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 672 (Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas, to Costa Rica: Santa Ana, La Palma de Nicoya, San José, Alajuéla, Bebedéro, Santo Domingo de San Mateo, Pigres, and Pézo Azil de Pirris). Bangs Collection: Puntarenas and Bolson (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Alajuéla and Mojica. Carnegie Museum: Pdézo Aztl de Pirris, Rio Sicsola, Bagaces, Esparta (Carriker). Seven skins. The Derby Flycatcher has a wide distribution in Costa Rica, covering both the Caribbean and Pacific lowlands, with the exception of the Tér- raba region, where it seems to be entirely wanting. It is occasionally found in the central highlands, but in small numbers, and is most abundant in the Caribbean lowlands below 1,500 feet. It is a common bird about Guapiles and along the Sicsola River, in southeastern Costa Rica. In habits, actions, note, and manner of building its nest this bird shows a CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. 689 very close resemblance to Myzozetetes, perching on the dead limbs of tall trees, telegraph-wires, and all kinds of exposed positions, from which it catches insects on the wing. It also feeds on fruit and berries in company with Myiozetetes. I noted several nests about Guapiles, which were built of grass and weed- stalks, and were of the elbow-shaped variety peculiar to some of the tyrant- birds. They were placed in the upright crotches of tall trees, always in exposed positions. I did not take any of the nests, and consequently cannot give a description of the eggs. 440. Coryphotriccus albovittatus distinctus Ridgway. Coryphotriccus albovittatus distinctus RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXI, 1908, 191 (Rio Reventazén, near Guayabo Station, March 18, 1908; Fran- cisco Basulto). “Similar to C. albovittatus (Lawrence), from line of Panama Railway, but decidedly larger; back, etc., much grayer olive; yellow of under parts paler (light canary yellow instead of lemon yellow); and blackish area on side of head much broader. Length (skin), 155 mm.; wing, 87; tail, 68; exposed culmen, 15.5; tarsus, 19; middle toe, 14.” It is certainly very curious that this bird should turn up in a region which has been collected in by many persons, and that, if it is distinct from the Panaman species, none have been taken elsewhere. But one specimen was taken by Basulto. It only emphasizes the fact that Costa Rica has one of the richest and most varied bird-faunas of any region of the world, and that in spite of all the work that has been done there, there still remains much to be done in small districts hitherto not visited. 441. Megarynchus pitangua mexicanus (Lafresnaye). Scaphorhynchus mexicanus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. et Mag. de Zool., III, 1851, 473 (Mexico). Megarhynchus mexicanus CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1861, 246 (highlands of Costa Rica [Frantzius and Hoffmann]). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 114 (Barranca and San José [J. Carmiol]; Turrialba and Grecia [F. Carmiol]). — FRANTzIuS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 308 (Costa Rica). Megarhynchus pitangua BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 63 (San José). — NUTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 394 (La Palma de Nicoya). — Ridgway, Proc. U. S, Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 500 (San José [Nutting]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 116 (Cartago, San José, Alajuéla, Monte Re- dondo). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 189 (San José [Car- miol], Irazi district [Rogers]). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1889, 51 (Costa Rican references). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 690 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 1890-1, 1893, 33 (Lagarto, Boruca, and Buenos Aires); Auk, IX, 1892, 251 (San José, descr. of nest and eggs). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 438 (Mira- valles). Megarhynchus pitangua mexicanus RIDGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 665 (southeastern Mexico to Panama.— Costa Rica: Turrialba, Grecia, Barranca, San José, Dota, Siptrio, El Cedral de Asseri, Carrillo, Bonilla, Jiménez, Volcan de Miravalles, San Lucas). U.S. Nat. Museum: Guaydabo (Ridgway and Zeledén); Bonilla and Santa Maria de Dota (Basulto). Bangs Collection: Pézo Azul de Pirris, El General de Térraba, Tenorio, Carrillo (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Cachi. Carnegie Museum: (Carriker Guapiles & Crawford); San José, Escazt, Rio Sicsola, Miravalles, Buenos Aires (Carriker). Fourteen skins. This widely distributed tyrant-bird is found in practically all parts of Costa Rica from sea-level up to 5,000 feet, but more abundantly in the lowlands and foot-hills. Its habits are the same as those of Pitangus and Myiozetetes, and as a rule it is found in the same sort of localities. JI found it very common along the Sicsola River in company with Pitangus sulphuratus derbianus and Myiozetetes texensis texensis. The birds are fond of making their nests on the broken snags in the river, wherever they project from eight to ten feet above water. The nest is constructed of grass and weed- stalks in precisely the same manner as those of Pitangus and Myiozetetes, that is,as an elbow-shaped affair, with the entrance at one end below, with the nest-cavity and eggs in the other end. They are usually about four- teen inches long and about eight inches in diameter at the larger end. The nest-cavity is lined with fine grass and feathers. The eggs are creamy- white, sparsely speckled and spotted about the larger end with chestnut and dark lilac. Measurements: 30 X 19.5, 29.5 X 23, and 29 X 21 mm. 442. Myiodynastes hemichrysus (Cabanis). Hypermitres chrysocephalus CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1861, 247 (Costa Rica). Hy permitres hemichrysus CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1861, 247, in text (Costa Rica). Myiodynastes hemichrysus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 114 (Costa Rica). — FRANTzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 308 (Costa Rica). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 188 (no Costa Rican specimens). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1889, 50 (Costa Rican references). — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 662 (western Panama and Costa Rica: Barranca, Escazi, and Azahar de Cartago). Myiodynastes superciliaris LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VIII, 1867, 470 (Bar- ranca [Carmiol]). CARRIKER 7 LIST OF THE Birps or Costa. RICA. 691 Bangs Collection: Azahar de Cartago, @ (Underwood). One of the rarest of the flycatchers in Costa Rica, but three skins of which have ever been taken within the limits of that country. The first and type of the species was collected by either Frantzius or Hoffman, lo- cality unknown, and is now probably in the Berlin Museum. The next was taken by J. Carmiol at Barranca, and described by Lawrence as H. superciliaris, while the third is one in the collection of Mr. Bangs, taken at Escazt, April 25, 1901, by Underwood ( @). 443. Myiodynastes maculatus nobilis (Sclater). Myiodynastes nobilis SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1859, 42-43 (Santa Marta, Colombia). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 114 (Barranca IJ. Carmiol], San Mateo [Cooper]). — FRANTzIusS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 307 (Costa Rica). — NUTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 394 (La Palma de Nicoya). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 183 (Bebedéro [Arcé]). Myiodynastes audax (not Muscicapa audax Gmelin) ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac de C. R., I, 1887, 116 (Costa Rica). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1889, 49 (Costa Rican references). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 438 (Miravalles). Myiodynastes maculatus nobilis R1ipGWAyY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 659 (Costa Rica to Ecuador. — Costa Rica: Barranca, La Palma de Nicoya, Alajuéla, San Mateo, San Lucas, Pigres, Bebedéro). Myiodynastes audax nobilis BANGS, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 302 (Boruca [Under- wood]). Bangs Collection: Bebedéro, Bolson, Pézo Azul de Pirris, Tenorio and Coralillo (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Bebedéro, Miravalles, Bagaces, El Pézo de Térraba, Boruca, Buenos Aires (Carriker). Nine skins. This form is confined entirely to the western portion of the highlands, or central plateau region, and to the whole of the Pacific slope. It seems to be most abundant in Guanacaste, especially in the Tempisque Valley. It is also the more abundant of the two species of Myiodynastes in the Tér- taba Valley. Its habits are the same as those of the following species. 444. Myiodynastes luteiventris Sclater. Myiodynastes luteiventey CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1861, 250 (Highlands of Costa Rica [Hoffmann and Frantzius)}). Myiodynastes luteiveniris SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1859, 42 (Guatemala ?). — Law- RENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 114 (Barranca [J. Carmiol], Turrialba {F. Carmiol], Birris [Zeled6n]). — FRANTzIUs, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 308 (San Mateo, Cervantes, Barranca, Turrialba). — Boucarp, P. Z. S., 1878, 63 692 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. (Orési). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 116 (Naranjo de Car- tago, Birris de Cartago, and Monte Redondo). — ScLaTER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 183 (Irazti [Rogers]). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.- Am., Aves, II, 1889, 48 (Costa Rican references). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 33 (Térraba, one spec.); Auk, IX, 1892, 250 (San José). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 438 (Miravalles). — RrpGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 656 (southern Arizona to Panama. — Costa Rica: — Volcan de Irazi, Miravalles, Santa Rosa, Turrialba, Birris, Orési, Cartago, Barranca, San José, Bonilla, and Coliblanco). — BANGs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, ; 302 (Puntarenas [Underwood]). U. S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeledén), El Copey, and Santa Maria de Dota (Basulto). . Bangs Collection: Juan Vifias, Puntarenas, Carrillo (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Juan Vifias, Miravalles, Boruca (Carriker). Eight skins. This handsome species is found over a large area in Costa Rica, covering © the whole of the Pacific slope and lowlands, the central plateau up to 5,000 feet, and down the Caribbean slope to about 2,000 feet. It is most abun- dant on the upper Caribbean slope, between 2,000 and 4,000 feet, its range on the Pacific slope being disputed by the closely allied species MM. macu- latus nobilis. In habits it is very similiar to Pitangus, Myiozetetes, and Myiarchus, with which it associates. It also feeds extensively on berries and small fruits when in season. I did not notice the nest of this species. 445. Myiarchus lawrencei bangsi Nelson. Myiarchus lawrencit CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 35 (Lagarto, Boruca, Térraba, and Buenos Aires, common). Myiarchus lawrencei bangsi NELSON, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVII, 1904, 45 (Boquete, Panama; coll. E. A. and O. Bangs), Myiarchus lawrenceii bangst RipGwAy, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 646 (northwestern Panama and eastern Costa Rica: Bonilla, Juan Vifias, and Tucurriqui ?). — Bancs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 302 (Boruca, El P6ézo, and Lagarto de Térraba [Underwood]). Bangs Collection: El General and Buenos Aires de Térraba (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: El Pézo de Térraba, Paso Real de Térraba, Boruca, and Buenos Aires (Carriker). Seven skins. In his “Birds of North and Middle America,” Mr. Ridgway gives the range of M./. bangsi in Costa Rica as the eastern part of that country. I do not see how birds from Juan Vifias and Tucurriqui could be confounded with bangs, for those I have examined from the Caribbean slope are all typical nigricapillus, the same as birds from British Honduras. WM. I. CARRIKER > LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA. RIcaA. 693 bangsi is found in Costa Rica only in the extreme southwestern portion, from Chiriqui up to the foot of the Dota Mountains at most, even the birds from Pézo Aztl de Pirris being nigricapillus. M. 1. bangsi can be distinguished from nigricapillus by the very sooty pileum, which color is abruptly defined posteriorly. 446. Myiarchus lawrencei nigricapillus (Cabanis). Myiarchus lawrencei (not Muscicapa lawrenceit Giraud) CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1861, 249 (Costa Rica [Frantzius, Hoffmann, and Ellendorf]). Mytarchus lawrenceti BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 64 (San José, Cartago, and Juan Vifias). Myiarchus lawrencit LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 115, 204 (Angos- tura and Sarchi [F. Carmiol], Pacuare [J. Carmiol]). —2RANTZzIUs, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 308 (Costa Rica). — Cougs, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1872, 74 part (Grecia, Barranca, and Angostura). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 256, part (Hondutas). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1889, 94 (Costa Rican references). M(yiai chus] nigricapillus CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1861, 250, in text (Costa Rica). Myiarchus nigricapillus SCLATER, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 233 (Costa Rica); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 257, part (San José and Pacuare [Carmioll], Tucurriqui [Arcé]. Irazi district [Rogers]). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 115 (San José [J. Carmiol], Barranca and Grecia [F. Carmiol]). — FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 308 (Costa Rica). Myiarchus lawrencii var. nigricapillus RIDGWAY, Am. Jour. Sci. and Arts, 1872, 455, part. Mytarchus lawrencei nigricapillus NUTTING and RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VI, 1883, 384 (Nicaragua). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 117 (San José, Cartago, Alajuéla, Sarchi, and Las Trojas).— CHERRIE, Auk, IX, 1892, 251 (San José). — NELSON, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVII, 1904, 44, (monogr.; Costa Rica). — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer.,, IV, 1907, 644 (Honduras to Costa Rica: Guayabal, Barranca, Bebedéro, Pé6zo Azil, San José, Naranjo de Cartago, Cartago, Jiménez, Angostura, Grecia, Sarchi, Pacuare, Irazi, and Tucurriqui). U. S. Nat. Museum: Guaydbo (Ridgway and Zeledén); Bonilla, Santa Maria de Dota (Basulto). Bangs Collection: Pézo Azul de Pirris, Bolson, Tenorio, Cerro de Santa Maria, Coralillo, Guayabal, San José, and Bebedéro (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Bebedéro, Miravalles, Juan Vifias, Tierra Blanca, Pézo Azul de Pirris, Cuabre, Carrillo (Carriker); Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford). Sixteen skins. All Costa Rican specimens of M. lawrencei which I have been able to examine, with the exception of birds from the Térraba Valley, are nzgr1- capillus, and agree with birds from British Honduras, according to the 694 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. range of the subspecies as given by Mr. Nelson, true Jawrencei being con- fined to Mexico and northern Guatemala. This is one of the commonest flycatchers in Costa Rica, covering the whole of the Caribbean lowlands and slope, the lower portions of the cen- tral plateau region, and the whole of the Pacific slope with the exception — of the extreme southwestern portion, probably from the Dota Mountains - southward. It is not found in the heavy forest, but in open woodland, isolated clumps of trees, gardens, and orchards. 447. Myiarchus ferox actiosus Ridgway. Myiarchus panamensis (not of Lawrence, 1862) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 115 (Costa Rica). — FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 308 (Costa Rica). — BOuUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 64 (Puntarenas). Myiarchus ferox SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 253, part (in synon- ymy). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1889, 92, part (in synonymy). Mytarchus ferox actiosus RrpGwAy, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIX, 1906, 116 (Pigres, Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica; coll. of U. S. Nat. Mus.); Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 642 (Pacific coast of Costa Rica: Pigres, San Lucas, and Puntarenas). This form must be very scarce and local in Costa Rica, Neither Under- wood nor I succeeded in securing specimens, so that practically all the skins representing it in this country are in the U. S. National Museum. 448. Myiarchus brachyurus Ridgway. Mytarchus nuttingi (not of Ridgway) NUTTING, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., VI, 1883, 374 (San Juan del Sur, Nicaragua). Mlyiarchus] brachyurus RipGway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 334 (Ometepe, Nicaragua; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). — ALLEN, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., IV, 1892, 346, in text (crit.). Myiarchus brachyurus SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1889, 92, footnote.— NELSON, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVII, 1904, 40 (monogr.). —Bancs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXII, 1909, 34 (Costa Rica; critical). Myiarchus nuttingi brachyurus RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 630 (southern Mexico to Costa Rica: Miravalles, San Lucas, Motica Pacifica, Bahia de Salinas). Bangs Collection: Miravalles, Coralillo, Bolson, Cerro de Santa Maria, Tenorio (Underwood). Mr. Ridgway, in his ‘‘Birds of North and Middle America,” (IV, p. 630), makes this form a subspecies of M. nuttingi, at the same time giving the ranges of the two birds as practically the same and occurring together. The form is either a good species or a synonym of M. nuttingi, for birds CARRIKER | DIST OF THE BirRDS. OF “CosTA: RICA. 695 only subspecifically distinct cannot occupy the same range, according to the definition of a subspecies. The series of birds in Mr. Bangs’ collection seems to bear out the idea that it is a distinct form, the reasons for which he gives (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXII, 1909, 34). I have also examined them and am of the same opinion. M. brachyurus is found in Costa Rica only in the northwestern portion of the country, principally in the Tempisque basin and around the shores of the Gulf of Nicoya. 449. Myiarchus nuttingi nuttingi Ridgway. Myiarchus cinerascens BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 64 (Puntarenas). Mytarchus nuttingi R1ipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 394 (La Palma de Nicoya, April 24, 1882, Nutting; type in coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). — Scia- TER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 250 (Costa Rica [Carmiol]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1889, 92 (Costa Rican references). — NELson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVII, 1904, 37 (monogr.). Mviarchus nuttingt nuitingt RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 629 (southern Mexico, southward to Costa Rica: la Palma de Nicoya and Ba- gaces). — BANcs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 302 (Barranca, &, Aug. 15 [Under- wood]); Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXII, 1909, 34 (Costa Rica; critical). U.S. Nat. Museum: Mojica (Alfaro and Cherrie); San Lucas and Bahia de Salinas (Alfaro). Bangs Collection: Bagaces, Bolson, and Tenorio (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Bebedéro and Puntarenas (Carriker). Four skins. This is rather a common bird around the shores of the Gulf of Nicoya and in the lower Tempisque Valley. It frequents open woodland, iso- lated trees, and roadsides. It is a typical Myzarchus in all its habits. 450. Myiarchus crinitus (Linnzus). [Turdus] crinitus LINNuS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 170 (Carolina; based on Musicapa cristata, ventre luteo Catesby, Carolina, I, 52). Myiarchus crinitus LICHTENSTEIN, Nom. Av. Mus. Berol., 1854, 16. — CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1861, 250 (Costa Rica, one specimen [Frantzius]). — LAw- RENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868. 115 (Costa Rica [J. Carmiol]). — FRANT- zius, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 308 (Costa Rica). — BOuCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 64 (San José and Cartago). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 247 (no C. R. specimens). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1889, 87 (Costa Rican reference). — CHERRIE, Auk, VII, 1890, 334 (San José. Nov. 24, 1889); IX, 1892, 251 (very rare at San José, but common on both coasts during winter). — RiIpGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amet., IV, 1907, 613 (eastern U. S., south in winter through eastern Mexico and Central America to Colombia, — Costa Rica: San José, Cartago, Bebedé1o, and Pigres). 696 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Bangs Collection: Bolson, Dec. 25; Tenorio, Feb. 7 (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Gudapiles, March 30, 1903 (Carriker & Crawford). A rare migrant in Costa Rica, most abundant on the Pacific coast, and rarely found in the highlands of the interior. I secured but one specimen on the Caribbean slope, at Guapiles, March 30. 451. Sayornis nigricans amnicola (Bangs). ? Savornis nigricans (not Tyrannula nigricans Swainson ?) BONAPARTE, Compt. Rend., XX XVIII, 1854, 657 (Nicaragua). Aulanx aquaticus CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1861, 247 (Costa Rica [Frantzius and Hoffmann]). Savyornis aquatica (not ot Sclater and Salvin) LAwRENCcE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 110 (Costa Rica [J. Carmiol]). — FrRAntztus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 306 (Co:ta Rica). — BoucarbD, P. Z. S., 1878, 62 (San José; habits). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I., 1887, 115 (Alajuéla and Navarro de Cartago). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 33, part (Costa Rica [Arcé and P Endres]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1889, 65, part ¥ (Costa Rican references).— ALFARO, Paginas Illustradas, !, 1904, 505 (Costa F Rica; nest and habits). re Savornis nigricans var. aquaticus BAIRD, BREWER, and RIDGWAY, Hist. N. Amer. “4 Birds, II, 1874, 340, part (Costa Rica). Sayornis nigricans var. aquatica RIDGWAY, Am. Jour, Sci.and Arts, 1872, 456, j part (Costa Rica). - Sayornis amnicola BANGS, Proc. N. Eng. Zool. Club, III, 1902, 37 (Boquete, Panama). Sayornis nigricans amnicola RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 601 (highlands of Costa Rica: San José, Alajuéla, San Pedro, Navarro, and western Panama). U. S. Nat. Museum: El Copey and Santa Maria de Dota (Basulto). Bangs Collection: San José (Underwood). Fleming Collection: San Sebastian de San José, Carrillo (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Cachi. ; The Costa Rican Phoebe is nearly as plentiful in the central highlands of that country as the North American species is in the United States, frequenting streams and cliffs and having the same habits. __ I observed it at Juan Vifas, Tucurriqui, and along the lower gorge of the Rio Sticio above Carrillo, but never collected any specimens. 452. Empidonax atriceps Salvin. Empidonax atriceps SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1870, 198 (Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama [Arcé]). — RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VI, 413 (Birris [Cooper]; de- scription). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centi.-Am., Aves, II, 1889, 79 (Casta Rican reterence). — RIDGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, CARRIKER? LIST OF THE Birps or CosTa RIcaA. 697 586 (western Panama and highlands of Costa Rica: Birris, Achiéte de Péas, Volcan de Irazi, Volcan de Péas, Dota Mts., Rancho Redondo). Mitrephanes atriceps SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1889, 220 (Irazi district [Rogers]). U. S. Nat. Museum: Volcan de Turrialba (Ridgway and Zeledén), Coli- blanco (Ridgway), Las Vueltas de Dota (Basulto). Bangs Collection: Volcan de Irazi, Rancho Redondo, Dota Mountains (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Volcan de Irazti, Volcan de Turrialba (Carriker). Seven skins. This well marked species is restricted to the higher mountains of Costa Rica, and is not usually seen below 7000 feet. It is most abundant between 8,000 and 10,000 feet on the volcanoes. It is primarily a bird of the forest and many are still found there, but the majority of the birds on Irazt and Turrialba have adapted themselves to the more open wooded pastures, where they seem to be perfectly at home, perching on stumps and low limbs of trees, whence they dart out at passing insects. In their habits they more closely resemble Myiochanes virens than the other species of Empidonax, in that they sit more quietly in one favorite spot and catch passing insects. I took a nest of this species on the Volcan de Irazt, April 21, 1902, containing two fresh eggs. The nest was very similar to that of Myiochanes virens, but smaller, and less smoothly made. It was saddled in an upright fork of a small tree growing in the open pasture. The eggs are creamy-white, without markings. Measurements: 17X13 and 17 X13 mm. 452. Empidonax albigularis Sclater and Salvin. Empidonax albiguiuris SCLATER and SALVIN, Ibis, 1859, 122 (Duenas, Guate- mala). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 223 (no Costa Rican specimens). — SALVIN and GopMaNn, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1889, 70 (Mexico, Guatemala, and Panama). — CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 535 (Costa Rica; one specimen, compared with skins identified by Salvin). — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 584 (southern Mexico to Panama. — Costa Rica: Reventazén). U. S. Nat. Museum: Reventazén, <, March 18, 1892 (Carranza); Faldas de Barba, May 12, 1889, & juv. (Alfaro). Bangs Collection: one skin without date or locality (Underwood). This Empidonax is very rare in Costa Rica, nor is it abundant anywhere within itsrange. There are probably not more than two or three authentic skins of the species which have been taken in Costa Rica, and which I have listed above. I know nothing concerning its range or habits, but 698 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. suppose it to be found occasionally in the Caribbean lowlands as well as in the central highlands. 454. Empidonax flavescens Lawrence. Empidonax flavescens LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VIII, 1867, 133 (La Bar- ranca, Costa Rica, April 1, 1864 [J. Carmiol]; type in coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.); IX, 1868, 115 (Quebrada Honda [Frantzius], Barranca and Grecia [J. Car- miol]). — FRANTzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 308 (Costa Rica). — BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 64 (Juan Vifias). — RinGway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., VI, 1883, 413 (Cervantes [J. Cooper]). — RrpGway, Ibis, 1886, 467 (diagnosis). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 117 (Dota). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 231 (Irazti [Rogers], Dota [Carmiol]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, IT, 1889, 75 (Costa Rican references). — Ripcway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 583 (western Panama and uplands of Costa Rica: Barranca, Grecia, Cervantes, La Estrella de Cartago, Juan Vifias, Dota, Azahar, Coliblanco, Burgos de Irazi, La Palma de San José, Quebrada Honda, and Naranjo). U.S. Nat. Museum: Guaydabo (Ridgway and Zeledén), El Copéy, La Lagunaria, and Santa Maria de Dota (Basulto). Bangs Collection: Azahar de Cartago, Volcan de Irazt, La Estrella de Cartago, and Juan Vifias (Underwood). Fleming Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui, La Hondura, and Escazu (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Cartago, Volcan de Irazti, La Hondura, Juan Vifias, Ujuras de Térraba (Carriker). Eleven skins. This handsome little species is found throughout the highlands, as a rule above 2,000 feet, but a few stragglers have been taken below that elevation on the Caribbean slope. It is not common above 7,000 feet, not being found in company with the mountain species, EF. atriceps. It has also been found in the Dota Mountains, but was not taken by Underwood ~ in the mountains of extreme northern Costa Rican or in the Cerro de Santa Maria. It is a woodland species, inhabiting only the heavy virgin forest, where it is always seen in the low trees and shrubbery. The birds are very tame and unsuspecting, permitting themselves to be approached closely without showing signs of fear. I took one nest of this bird at Juan Vifias, May 8, 1907, containing three fresh eggs. -The nest was constructed almost entirely of moss, and lined with fine fibres of weeds. It was placed on the broken and jagged end of a fallen tree, about ten feet from the ground, in the midst of the forest. The eggs are rich cream-color, thickly speckled and blotched with light chest- nut-rufous about the larger end, and sparingly over the remaining surface Measurements: 19X14, 19X14, and 19X14 mm. os % ‘ CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF COSTA RICA. 699 455. Empidonax trailli alnorum Brewster. Empidonax trailli LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., I X&, 1868, 114 (Dota [F. Car- miol]). — FRANTzIUus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 308 (Costa Rica) (?). Empidonax traillii alnovrum BREWSTER, Auk, XII, 1895, 161 (Upton, Maine, U. S. A.). — Ripeway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 558 (northeastern U. S., south in winter through Central America to Ecuador. — Costa Rica: Dota, Talamanca, Juan Vifias, and Pézo Aziil de Pirris). Bangs Collection: Boruca, April 27 to May 15, 1906; Buenos Aires, May 22, 1908; Pézo Azul de Pirris, May 31, 1902; Juan Vifias, May 4; Bolson, Dec. 13, 1907 (Underwood). Fleming Collection: Carrillo, Oct. 15, 1898, and May 4, 1899 (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Rio Sicsola, 9, Sept. 4, 1904; Juan Vifias, May Io, 1907 (Carriker). Two skins. Taken with the following form in about the same localities and on the same dates. Fairly common at times, but not long, as some seem to re- main and others drift off farther south. 456. Empidonax trailli trailli (Audubon). Muscicapa traillii AUDUBON, Orn. Biogr., I, 1832, 236 (Arkansas, U. S. A., types in U. S. Nat. Mus.). Empidonax trailli LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 114 (Dota [F. Car- miol]). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 226 (no C. R. speci- mens). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1889, 71 (Costa Rican reference). Empidonax traillii traillii RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 555 (western North America, south in winter to Colombia. — Costa Rica: Pézo Azul de Pirris)— Bancs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 302 (Boruca, two 6 ’s, April 28, and El Pézo de Térraba, 6, Aug. 15, 1906, Underwood). Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadéphia: Muiravalles, Sept. 16, 1895 (Underwood). Bangs Collection: Pdézo Aztl de Pirris, May 2; Bolson, Dec. Io to 24, 1907 (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Rio Sicsola, 9, Sept. 24, 1904; Juan Vifias, 7, May 10, 1907 (Carriker). A winter visitor over the whole of the country, but perhaps not found above 4,000 feet. 457. Empidonax virescens (Vieillot). Platyrhynchus virescens VIEILLOT, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., X XVII, 1818, 22 (based on Muscicapa querula Wilson, Amer. Orn., II, 1810, 77, pl. 13, fig. 2, not M. querula Vieillot, 1807). Empidonax acadicus SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 228 (Costa Rica [Endres]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1880, 700 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 70 (Costa Rican reference). — CHERRIE, Auk, VII, 1890, 344 (San José, two specimens, Sept. 17 and Oct. 4, 1889). Empidonax virescens RIDGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 552 (eastern U. S., south in winter through Central America’ to Ecuador. — Costa Rica: San José). A rare winter visitor, probably found only in the highlands. Mr. Cher- rie reported it as fairly common about San José in May, 1890, but there must have been an unusually large flight there that year, for it is not a common bird in Costa Rica by any means, very few specimens of it ever having been taken. 458. Empidonax flaviventris (Baird). Tyrannula flaviventris BAIRD (Wm. M. and S. F.), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I, 1843, 283 (Carlisle, Pennsylvania, type now in U. S. Nat. Mus.). Empidonax flaviventris LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 114 (Grecia [J. Carmiol], Navarro [J. Cooper]). — FRANTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 308 (Costa Rica). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 117 (Grecia and P6zo_Aztl de Pirris). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888) 230 (Angostura [Carmiol]). —- SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1889, 73 (Costa Rican references). — CHERRIE, Auk, VII, 1890, 334 (San José, Oct. 27, 1889); IX, 1892, 251 (rare at San José, only Sept. and Oct.); Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 34 (Lagarto, Boruca, Buenos Aires, and Térraba). — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 549 (eastern North America, south in winter through Central America to Colombia. — Costa Rica: San José, Navarro, Angostura, Grecia, Pézo Azil de Pirris). — BaAnGs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 302 (Boruca and El Pézo de Térraba, April 9 to May 9g, 1906 [Underwood]). ; U.S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo, March 12 to 31, 1908 (Ridgway and Zele- dén), Bonilla, April 11, 1908 (Basulto). Bangs Collection: San José, Oct. 7; El Pézo de Térraba, April 9 to 15; Pozé Aztil de Pirris, Feb. 17; Tenorio, Feb. 7; La Vijagua, Feb.saae Bolson, Dec. 14 (Underwood). Fleming Collection: Carrillo, October; Pdézo Aztl de Pirris, February (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Cachi, Nov. 1, 1908. Carnegie Museum: Gudpiles, March 4; Volcan de Turrialba, 2,000 feet, April 22 (Carriker & Crawford); Juan Vifias, March 11; Ajprilja and 22; Guapiles, Jan. 11; Bebedéro, April 30; El Hogar, Nov. 23, Jan. 19, Feb. 10; Peralta, Nov. 9 and 12 (Carriker). Twelve skins. This is by far the most abundant Empidonax wintering in Costa Rica, being found in almost all portions of the country up to 4,000 feet, but most commonly on the Caribbean watershed between sea-level and 3,000 feet. CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. 701 It is usually found in thick shrubbery along river banks or beside creeks in the open woodland. 459. Myiophobus fasciatus furfurosus (Thayer and Bangs). Myiophobus nevius furfurosus THAYER and BANGS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. XLVI, 1905, 152 (Saboga Island, Bay of Panama; coll. E. A. amd O. Bangs). Myiophobus fasciatus furfurosus RipGwaAy, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 543 (Panama). — CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., IV, 1908, 302 (Buenos Aires de Térraba, Costa Rica [Carriker]). — BANGs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXII, 1909, 33 (El Genera! de Térraba [Underwood]). Bangs Collection: El General de Térraba, @ juv. (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Buenos Aires de Térraba, one adult <, Sept. 2, 1907. The specimen collected at Buenos Aires, Sept. 2, 1907, is the first record for this Panaman species in Costa Rica. Underwood took a nestling at El General de Térraba the following year. It appears to be only a very rare straggler in the extreme southwestern portion of the country. 460. Myiochanes brachytarsus (Sclater). Empidonax brachytarsus SCLATER, Ibis, 1859, 441 (Cordova, Mexico). Contopus brachytarsus SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 240 (no C. R. specimens). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, IJ, 1889, 87 (no Costa Rican reference). — CHERRIE, Auk, IX, 1892, 251 (San José, Aug. 27 and Oct. 2, a rare bird in Costa Rica). Myiochanes brachytarsus RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 526 (southeastern Mexico, southward through Central and South America to Argentina. — Costa Rica: San José, Rio Frio, Bebedéro, Cariblanco de Sarapiqui). Bangs Collection: Caribhlanco de Sarapiqui; Aug. 2-10; Bolson, Dec. 17 (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Guapiles, March 10-28 (three specimens) (Carriker & Crawford); Miravalles, May 23; Esparta, June 4; Buenos Aires de Térraba, Aug. 28 (Carriker). Six skins. This species is also very rare in Costa Rica, but is distributed over the whole lowland region and some parts of the central plateau, at least up to 4,000 feet. It is found in open woodland, hedge-rows, and isolated clumps of trees. 461. Myiochanes richardsoni sordidulus (Sclater). Contopus sordidulus SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1859, 43 (southern Mexico and Guate- mala; type locality not specified). Myiochanes richardsonii sordidulus RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 525 (southern Mexico to Panama. — Costa Rica: Coliblanco, Cedral 702 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. de Asseri, San José, and Carrillo) BANncs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 302 (Boruca, five specimens, May [Underwood]). U. S. Nat. Museum: Santa Maria de Dota, May (Basulto). Bangs Collection: Carrillo, Sept. 12; San José, Oct. 14; San Pedro, Oct. 15 (Underwood). Fleming Collection: Juan Vifias, August (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Volcan de Turrialba, Buenos Aires, El Hogar, La Hondura. Seven skins. This species is evidently not a migrant in Costa Rica, remaining there the year round and breeding. It is not a common bird anywhere, but is most abundant on the Pacific lowlands or rather in the foothills, especially in the Térraba region. In habits it is very similar to the Wood Pewee, and around Boruca it was found in the scrubby growth along the edges of the “sabanas”’ or along small creeks in the hills. 462. Myiochanes richardsoni richardsoni (Swainson). Tyrannula richardsonit SWAINSON, Fauna Bor.-Am., II, 1831, 146, pl. 46, lower. fig. (Cumberland House, Saskatchewan, Canada). Contopus richardsonit CHERRIE, Auk, VII, 1890, 334 (San José, Oct. 27); IX, 1892, 251 (arrives later and leaves earlier than C. virens); Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 34 (Buenos Aires de Térraba). Contopus richardsont LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 115 (San José [Frantzius], Frailes [J. Carmiol], Barranca [F. Carmiol]). — FRANTzIUsS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 308 (Costa Rica). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 239 (Irazt district [Rogers], San José [Frantzius]). —SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1889, 85 (Costa Rican references). Myiochanes richardsonii richardsonii RIDGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 521 (western North America, south in winter through Mexico and Central America, to northern Bolivia). Bangs Collection: La Cedral de Asserf, Sept. 8; San José, Oct. 7 (Under- wood). Fleming Collection: Carrillo, Oct. and Nov.; San José, Oct. (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Volcan de Irazi, Apr. 3; La Hondura, Sept. 25 to Oct. 1; Volcan de Turrialba, Oct. 21 (Carriker). Four skins. This species has about the same range in Costa Rica as the following, M. virens, but is more frequently met at high altitudes in company with Nuttallornis borealis. It is also found in the thick forest more frequently than M. virens. Mr. Cherrie says that it arrives later and leaves sooner than WM. virens, but my experience does not lead to that conclusion, and I think it both arrives and departs at about the same time. : CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. 703 463. Myiochanes virens (Linnzus). [Muscicapa] virens LINNZUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 327. Contopus virens CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1861, 248 (Costa Rica [Hoffmannl}). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 115 (Costa Rica; citation of Cabanis’ record, antea.). — FRANTzIuUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 308 (Costa Rica). — Boucarp, P. Z. S., 1878, 64 (Cartago, April). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 117 (San José, Jiménez). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 238 (no C. R. specimens). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1889, 84 (Costa Rican references). — CHERRIE, Auk, VII, 1890, 334 (San José, Aug. 21 and April 11); IX, 1892, 251 (San José, common from Aug. 20 to Apr. 29). Mytochanes virens RIDGWAY, Birds, N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 518 (eastern North America, south in winter through Central America to Peru. — Costa Rica: Barranca, San José, Cartago, and Jiménez). Bangs Collection: Jiménez, April (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Ochomégo. Fleming Collection: La Estrella de Cartago, April 3 (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Guapiles, March 21 (Carriker & Crawford); Tierra blanca, April r1; Rio Sicsola, Sept. 12 and 23 (Carriker). Five skins. A common winter visitor over the whole of Costa Rica up to at least 6,000 feet, and perhaps higher. It arrives very early in the autumn (about August 20) and stays until late in the spring (May 1), spending by far the greater portion of the year in the tropics, returning to the breeding grounds for only about three months in the summer. 464. Myiocienes ochraceus (Sclater and Salvin). Contopus ochraceus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1869, 419 (Costa Rica [J. Carmiol]). — SALvin, Ibis, 1870, 115 (Costa Rica [Carmiol]); 1874, 313.— RipeGway, Ibis, 1884, 401 (crit.). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 237 (Costa Rica, type). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 84 (Costa Rican reference). Myiochanes ochraceus R1InGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 517 (high mountains of Costa Rica: Volcan de Irazi, Volcan de Turrialba). Bangs Collection: Volcan de Irazi (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Volcan de Turrialba, June 4, 1907. Carnegie Museum: Volcan de Irazi (Carriker). One skin. This species has thus far been taken only on the Volcanoes Irazti’ and Turrialba at high altitudes. It is not common, and until very lately was scarcely known except from the type in the British Museum. It inhabits the forest, and has the habits of the genus, so far as is known. 704 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 465. Myiochanes lugubris (Lawrence). Contopus lugubris LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VIII, 1867, 134 (Dota, [J: Carmiol]; in coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.); IX, 1868, 115 (Barranca, Pirris; ane Dota [J. Carmiol]). — FRANtTz1us, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 208 (Costa Rica). — SALVIN, Ibis, 1874, 310 (crit.). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 117 (Birris de Cartago). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 236 (no C. R. specimens). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 83 (Costa Rican references). — CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 535 \chitical). Myiochanes lugubris RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 516 (high mountains of Costa Rica, Barranca, Birris, Dota, Irazi, La Hondura, Car- rillo, Coliblanco; and western Panama). U.S. Nat. Museum: El Copey and La Lagunaria de Dota (Basulto). Bangs Collection: Volean de Irazi, La Hondura, Carrillo (Underwood). Fleming Collection: Carrillo and La Hondura (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: La Hondura (Carriker). Two skins. This species is confined to the humid forests of the upper Caribbean — slope, the mountains of the interior, and the Dota Mountains. It is not — abundant in individuals in any one locality, and has the habits of the — other species of the genus. 466. Nuttallornis borealis (Swainson). Contopus borealis LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 115 (Costa Rica [Cabanis, J. f. O. 1861, 2481). — FRANtz1us, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 308 (Costa Rica). — SCLATER,; Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 234 (lrazu districtas fRogers]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1889, 80 (Costa Rican references). — CHERRIE, Auk, VII. 1890, 334 (San José, five seen in two years); IX, 1892, 251 (San José, from Oct. 2 to May 7, never common). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 438 (Miravalles). Contopus cooperi CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1861, 248 (Costa Rica [Hoffmann]). Nuttallornis borealis OBERHOLSER, Auk, XVI, 1899, 331 (crit.). — RIDGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 505 (North America, south in winter through Central America to Peru. — Costa Rica: Irazi, Coliblanco, San Jose, Volcan de Miravalles). Bangs Collection: Escazt, Oct. 30; San José, Oct. 28; (Cerrone a Maria, Jan. 8 (Underwood). Fleming Collection: Los Cuadros de Iraztt, San José, and Azahar de Car- tago (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Volcan de Irazt, April 14, 1902; Tierra Blanca, April II, 1902; Volcan de Turrialba, Oct. 21, 1907 (Carriker). Three shames The Olive-sided Flycatcher is not acommon migrant in Costa Rica, merely a solitary bird being seen here and there in the highlands and GarRixer: List) OF THE BIRDS OF Costa RICA. 705 mountains. It is most abundant on the high volcanoes, above 7,000 feet. While in that country its habits seem to be very much the same as in Canada, except that it never utters its call, and does not seem to be so shy and difficult to approach as during the breeding season. 467. Mitrephanes aurantiiventris (Lawrence). Mitrephorus aurantiiventris LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VIII, 1867, 173 (Ta- bacales, Costa Rica [Frantzius]); IX, 1868, 114 (Tabacales and La Palma [Frantzius]). — FRANTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 308 (Quebrada Honda, La Palma, Tabacales, La Candelaria, Dota [Carmiol]). — Boucarp, P. Z. S., 1878, 64 (La Laguna, La Candelaria, and Juan Vifias). [Mitrephorus| aurantiiventris SALVIN, Ibis, 1869, 315, in text (crit.). Mitrephanes aurantiiventris RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VI, 1883, 414 (Cervantes, 1882 [Cooper]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 117 (La Palma de San José). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 219 (Tucurriqui [Arcé], Irazi [Rogers], Barranca (de Péas ?) [Carmiol]). — SALVIN and GopmaANn, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1889, 67 (Costa Rican references). — R1ipGwAy, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 501 (Chiriqui to Costa Rica: Tabacales, Dota, La Palma de San José, Cervantes, Bar- ranca, Tucurriqui, Naranjo, La Candelaria, La Laguna, San Mateo, Vol- can de Irazu, Volean de Barba, Cariblanco de Sarapiqui, Coliblanco, San Carlos, Carrillo, El Achiéte de Péas, Buena Vista). Mitrephorus pheocercus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 114 (C. R. [Enrique Arcé, Coll. Salvin ’’]). — FRANTzIUs, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 308 (Costa Rica). U. S. Nat. Museum: La Lagunaria de Dota (Basulto). Bangs Collection: Carrillo, Volcan de Barba, Volcan de Irazt, Cariblanco de Sarapiqui (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Volcan te Turrialba, 2,000 feet (Carriker & Craw- ford); Juan Vifias (Carriker). Four skins. This species is distributed over the higher parts of Costa Rica and down the Caribbean slope to about 1,500 feet, wherever there is heavy virgin forest. It is not an abundant bird in any locality, a pair here and there occurring in the forest, usually near a small open spot where a large tree has fallen. 468. Terenotriccus erythrurus fulvigularis (Salvin and Godman). Myiobius erythrurus (not of Cabanis) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 114 (Angostura and Pacuare [J. Carmiol]). — FrRANtzi1us, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 308 (Costa Rica). — Boucarp, P. Z. S., 1878, 64 (San Carlos). — RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VI, 1884, 414 (Dos Novillos, Costa Rica). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 117 (Las Trojas, Pacuare, Pozo Azul de Pirris). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 34 (Boruca). 706 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Myiobius fulvigularis SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1889, 58 (Costa Rican references). — RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 506 (Rio Frio). Terenotriccus fulvigularis R1ipGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVIII, 1905, 207 (crit.). — Bancs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 302 (Boruca. Paso Real, and El Pézo de Térraba [Underwood]). Terenotriccus erythrurus fulvigularis RIipGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1997, 495 (Honduras to eastern and central Peru. — Costa Rica: Angostura, Pacuare, Dos Novillos, Las Trojas, Talamanca, Rio Frio, Carrillo, Juan Vifias, Reventaz6n, P6zo Azil de Pirris). Bangs Collection: Carrillo, La Vijagua; El General and Buenos Aires de Térraba (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Cachi. Carnegie Museum: Gudapiles (Carriker & Crawford); Pézo Azitl de Pirris, Guacimo, Cuabre, Rio Sicsola, Carrillo, El Hogar, El Pézo de Térraba (Carriker). Fourteen skins. An abundant woodland species over the entire Caribbean lowlands and lower slopes up to about 3,000 feet, and the Pacific slope from the Gulf of Nicoya southward up to 1,500 feet. It is most abundant at about 500 to 1,000 feet in the Caribbean lowlands. Its habits are quite similiar to Myiobius, except that it is not such a restless bird, remaining perched in one place for a long time, darting out after an insect only at intervals. It is partial to thick jungle or places where there are many vines hanging from low trees. The nest is similar to that of Myiobius, only much smaller, less elaborate, and rather loosely constructed. I found one hanging from a vine about eight feet from the ground above an old abandoned path in the forest. It contained two young birds. 469. Aphanotriccus capitalis (Salvin). Myiobius capitalis SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1864, 583 (Tucurriqui, Costa Rica [Arcé]). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 114 (Tucurriqui [Arcé]). — FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 308 (C. R.). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1889, 59 (reference to type). Mitrephanes capitalis SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 220 (Tucur- riqui, Costa Rica). A phanotriccus capitalis R1ipGWAy, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVIII, 1905, 207 (crit.); Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 492 (Costa Rica: Tucurriqui, Jiménez, and La Concepcion de Jiménez). Bangs Collection: Jiménez, June, 1892, 9 (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: El Hogar, one specimen. This is another of the exceedingly rare Central American birds, but four specimens of it ever having been taken since the collection of the CARRIKER. LAST’ OF THE BIRDS or Costa RICA, LOT type by Arcé at Tucurriqui in 1863 or 1864. The first one taken after that was a < collected at La Concepcion de Jiménez by Geo. K. Cherrie, Jan. 10, 1890 (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.), and in June, 1892, a female was secured at Jiménez by C. F. Underwood (Bangs Coll.). Lastly, Mr.C.H. Lankester secured a specimen at El Hogar, not far from Jiménez, in 1907. The U. S. National Museum possesses another skin from eastern Nica- ragua, collected by Nutting. Nothing is known of it in life, more than that it is an inhabitant of the heavy forest, with habits perhaps similar to Myiobius or Mitrephanes. 470. Myiobius xanthopygius aureatus Bangs. Tyrannula sulphureipygia SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1856, 296 (Cordova, Mexico). Myiobius sulphureipygius SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1859, 384 (Playa Vicente, Vera Cruz); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., IV, 1888, 200 (Tucurriqui [Arcé]). — LAaw- RENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 114 (Angostura [J. Carmiol]). — FRANT- zius, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 308 (Costa Rica). — BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 64 (Juan Vifias). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 117 (Jiménez, Rio Sticio, P6ézo Aztl de Pirris). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1889, 57 (Costa Rican references). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 34 (Lagarto, Boruca, Térraba, Buenos Aires). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 438 (Miravalles). Myiobius xanthopygius sulphuretpygius RipGwAy, Birds N. and Mid. Amet., IV, 1907, 490 (southern Mexico to Sante Fé de Veragua; Costa Rica: Angostura, Tucurriqui, Reventazén, Jiménez, Carrillo, Bonilla, Cariblanco de Sarapiqui, Naranjo, Miravalles, Pézo Azil de Pirris). — BANGs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 302 (Boruca, Paso Real, and El P6zo de Térraba [Underwood)]). Myiobius xanthopygius aureatus BANGS, Proc. N. Eng. Zool. Club, IV, 1908, 27 (Divala, Chiriqui). Bangs Collection: Pézo Aztide Pirris, El General de Térraba, Tenorio, La Vijagua, and Carrillo (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Gudacimo. Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford); Pdézo Azil de Pirris, Volcan de Turrialba, 2,000 feet; Guacimo, Rio Sicsola, Miravalles, El Hogar, El Pézo de Térraba, Boruca, Buenos Aires (Carriker). Eighteen skins. This is the common Myiobius of Costa Rica, being found on both coasts up to an altitude of about 3,000 feet on the Caribbean slope and 2,000 feet on the Pacific. It is found only in the forest, usually near a little brook, flitting about among the low limbs of the trees and shrubbery. The birds are very silent; in fact I do not think I have ever heard them utter more than a faint chirp. 708 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. I found them breeding commonly about Guapiles, Jiménez, and El Hogar, and the nests were invariably of similar construction and placed — in the same situation, viz., suspended from a slender vine or the tip of a pendant branch hanging over a pool ina creek making its way through — the thick forest. I also took two badly incubated eggs at Guaitil, May 4, from a nest of similar construction and situation. The birds began breeding in the Santa Clara Valley about April 24 to May 10, at which time a nest could always be found by following a little brook through the forest for a short distance. The nest is a purse-shaped mass of grass, roots, and bark-fibres, about eighteen inches long, very slender at the upper — end and about three and one-half inches in diameter at the largest part (about four inches from the bottom). The entrance to the cavity of the nest is on one side, four inches from the bottom and protected by an overhanging flap of the material of the nest. The eggs are invariably two in number, creamy white, sometimes with a roseate tinge, and thickly speckled, streaked, and scrawled over the entire surface with bright chest- nut-rufous, heavier at the larger end, in the form of a wreath or capi Sometimes the markings have a decided purplish color. Measurements: 17 to 20 X 12 to 14 mm:: average, 13.5 >< een 471. Myiobius barbatus atricaudus (Lawrence). Myiobius barbatus SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1869, 282 (Babahoyo, Ecuador); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 199, part (Veragua to Ecuador). — SALVIN and GOpDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1889, 56 (one Costa Rican ref- erence). Myiobius atricaudus LAWRENCE, Ibis, 1863, 183 (Lion Hill, Panama|M’Leannan]) — NuTTING, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 396 (La Palma de Nicoya). Myiobius barbatus atricaudus RipGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 488 | (Peru to western Costa Rica: La Palma de Nicoya, Pézo Azil de Pirris, Rio Naranjo). — BANGs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 302 (Boruca and El Pézo de Térraba [Underwood]). Bangs Collection: Buenos Aires and El General de Térraba; Pézo Azul de Pirris (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Boruca and Buenos Aires (Carriker); Pdé6zo Azul de Pirris (Underwood). Four skins. This Myiobius is restricted in Costa Rica to the southwestern Pacific coast region, from the Gulf of Nicoya southward, and from sea-level up to about 1,500 feet. It isveryrare north of the Térraba Valley and even there is much less abundant than M. xanthopygius aureatus. In life this species can be distinguished from the last named species at a glance, for its actions are very different. It is always seen rather high up in the trees, flitting et eae. eS eee ee a — > a . * a4 A ee a a CARRIKER List or THE BIRDS oF Costa RICA. 709 from branch to branch much like a warbler or some of the vireos, and usually has its tail considerably spread, which distinguishes it at once by its greater length and blackness. This species is also usually seen farther away from creeks and streams than the other, sometimes high up on the crest of a ridge far from any water, a situation in which I have never seen aureatus. 472. Nesotriccus ridgwayi Townsend. Nesotriccus ridgwayi TOWNSEND (C. H.), Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XXVII, no. 3, 1905. 124, plate (Cocos Island; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). — SNopGRAssS and HELLER, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., IV, 1902, 518 (description). — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 482 (Cocos Island, off Pacific coast of Costa Rica). ‘Only one specimen was obtained, and to the best of my recollection only two or three others were seen. They were observed among the tree- ferns ina deep ravine at Chatham Bay.” (Townsend, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 1905, 124). 473. Capsiempis flaveola (Lichtenstein). Mluscicapa| flaveola LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Doubl., 1823, 56 (Bahia, Brazil). Capsiempis flaveola SCLATER, Cat. Amer. Birds, 1862, 214 (Brazil); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 120, part (Chiriqui to Bolivia). — SALVIN and Gop- MAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 28 (no Costa Rican record). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 32 (Boruca and Buenos Aires, ten speci- mens). — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 469 (Nicaragua to southern Brazil; — Costa Rica: P6zo Azitl, Jiménez, ‘and San Juan). Bangs Collection: Pézo Aztil de Pirris and El General de Térraba. Carnegie Museum: Guapiles, o & @ (Carriker & Crawford); Pézo Azul de Pirris, one o; Rio Sicsola, uae co; Buenos Aires de Térraba, two os (Carriker). Six skins. Mr. Cherrie first took this species at Jiménez in 1891 (Expl. Zool. en C. R. 1893, 32) and again in Térrabain1892. These are theonly published records for its occurrence in Costa Rica, except those given by Mr. Ridg- way in his “Birds of North and Middle America.” The bird is sparingly distributed over the lowlands of both the Caribbean and Pacific, at least the southern part of the latter, from Pdézo Azul southward. I took it in Talamanca and at Guapiles, the extreme portions of the Caribbean lowlands, and also at Pézo Aztl and Buenos Aires. It is not a denizen of the heavy forests, but frequents the low tangled woodland along the margins of streams, and the edges of the forest. It is an active little creature, seldom remaining quiet for a moment, but 710 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. hopping and fluttering about among the low trees and bushes and feeding very much after the manner of the vireos. I took a single nest at Guapiles, May 8, 1905, containing two fresh eggs. It was a cup-shaped structure, made entirely of moss, lined with fine black and brown vegetable fibers and placed in a crevice on the side of a large tree, between two projecting spur-roots about four feet above the ground. The eggs are deep cream-color, with a few markings of lilac and small blotches of bright cinnamon-rufous scattered over the whole surface, but thicker about the larger end, forming a wreath. Measurements: 17X13 and 17X13.5 mm. 474. Leptopogon superciliaris Cabanis. Leptopogon superciliaris CABANIS, in Tschudi’s Fauna Peruana, Aves, 1845, 161, pl. 10, fig. 2.— SALvIN, Ibis, 1870, 115 (Costa Rica [J. Carmiol]). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 115 (Costa Rica, Carmiol, one skin). — SALVIN and GOpDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1888 (Salvin’s record cited). — RIpGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 465 (Costa Rica to Bolivia; — Costa Rica: Guayabal and Carrillo). U.S. Nat. Museum: Guaydbo, one 9 (Ridgway and Zeled6n). Bangs Collection: Carrillo, six specimens; El General (Underwood). This is a very rare species, not only in Costa Rica, but throughout its range. It has been taken in Costa Rica, with the exception of one skin, only in the northeastern part of the Caribbean lowlands, most of the ex- isting specimens having been taken at Carrillo, one at Guayabo, and one at Guayabal. The other skin in Mr. Bangs’ collection came from El Gen- eral de Térraba. It is a woodland bird, but just what kind of localities it inhabits I do not know, never having taken the bird. It may be that in life it closely resembles some common species, thus escaping the notice of collectors in general. 475. Leptopogon pileatus faustus Bangs. Leptopogon pileatus CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1865 (pub. Jan., 1866), 414 (Guate- mala).— SALVIN, Ibis, 1869, 319 (Valsa [J. Carmiol]). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 116, part (Valsa [Carmiol]). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1888, 25, part (Costa Rican references). — — Ripcway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 463, part (southern Mexico to Panama City; — Costa Rica: Valsa). Leptopogon pileatus faustus BANGS, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 300 (type from Boruca, Costa Rica, May 5, 1906; C. F. Underwood; — five adults, both sexes, Boruca and Paso Real). Bangs Collection: Tenorio, one specimen (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Miravalles, May 27, 1906, one specimen. CarRiknR: List) Of THE BIRDS OF. CosTA RICA. falMl Similar to L. pileatus of southern Mexico and Guatemala, except that the back is lighter green and the under parts much paler, abdomen prim- rose-yellow. It is nearer to L. superciliaris in general coloration than to L. pileatus, except for the brown instead of gray cap. The single speci- men from Tenorio is rather intermediate between the Boruca birds and Mexican specimens, having the back dark green as in the latter, with the lower parts pale like the type of the new form from Boruca. I can give nothing concerning the habits or habitat of this species, more than that it is taken in the forest, like its near relative, L. swper- ciliaris. 476. Mionectes olivaceus olivaceus Lawrence. Mionectes olivaceus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 111 (publ. March, 1869), (Barranca and Dota [J. Carmiol]). — FRANtTzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 307 (Costa Rica). — SALVIN, Ibis, 1869, 314, in text (crit.). — BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 63 (San Mateo). — RipGway., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., VI, 1883, 414 (Costa Rica [Zeled6n]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 116 (Naranjo de Cartago). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 112 (Buena Vista and Barranca [Carmiol]).—Satvin and GopMan, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1888, 22, part (Costa Rica to Ecuador). Mionectes olivaceus olivaceus RIDGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 461 (Costa Rica and Panama, Costa Rica: Barranca, Dota, San Mateo, Bueno Vista, Naranjo, Azahar de Cartago, Cariblanco de Sarapiqui, Los Cuadros del Moj6n, Carrillo). U. S. Nat. Museum: La Lagunaria de Dota (Basulto). Bangs Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiquf, Carrillo, Cerro de Santa Maria, Azahar de Cartago (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Carrillo. Fleming Collection: La Hondura (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Juan Vinas (Carriker). Three skins. I found this species only in the thick, dark, virgin forest on the mountain slopes above Juan Vifias, where several were secured and where it was by no means a rare bird, but very shy and difficult to shoot. It usually perched near the ground, and at the slighest disturbance flew away for fifty or a hundred yards before alighting again. It has been taken in many localities scattered over a wide area, but always above an elevation of 1,500 feet, and from that up to at least 5,000 feet. From the conditions in which I found it, I would imagine it to be more partial to the heavy, humid forests of the Caribbean watershed. Basulto took it high up in the Dota Mountains and Underwood in the Cerro de Santa Maria near the Pacific coast in northern Costa Rica, both of which G42 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. localities are noted for their excessive humidity, caused by fog and mist, rather than actual rainfall. 477. Pipromorpha semischistacea (Cherrie). Mionectes semischistacea CHERRIE, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, 27 (Guaya- bal, Costa Rica, Feb. 24, 1891; type in coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). Pipromor pha semischistacea RIDGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 458 (eastern Costa Rica, Guayabal, near Turrialba). This bird is known only from the single type specimen. It is a very distinct form, yet has a very peculiar appearance, as though it might possibly be a hybrid, which supposition is strengthened by the fact ae no more specimens of it have ever been taken. 478. Pipromorpha assimilis dyscola (Bangs). Mionectes oleagineus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 111, part (Costa Rica ‘“‘[Enrique Arcé]; coll. O. Salvin ’’).— Frantzius, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 397, part (Costa Rica). — BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 63 (San Mateo). — SGLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 112, part (Guaitil [Carmiol]). — SALVIN and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1888, 22, part (Costa Rican references). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 438 (Miravalles). Mionectes assimilis (not of Sclater) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 111, part (Guaitil). — FRANTzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 307, part (Costa Rica). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 116 (Pézo Aztl de Pirris, Las Trojas, Monte Redondo). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 31 (Palmar, Lagarto, Boruca, Térraba). [Mionectes oleagineus| a. subsp. assimilis SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 113, part (Guaitil). Mionectes assimilis dyscola BANGS, Auk, XVIII, 1901, 362 (Panama). Pipromorpha assimilis dyscola RIDGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 455, part (Nicaragua to Veragua;— Costa Rica: San Mateo, Guaitil, Volcan de Miravalles, Pézo Aztl de Pirris. Pézo Pital). — Bancs, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 300 (Boruca, Paso Real, El P6zo and Barranca de Térraba[Underwood)). Bangs Collection: Pézo Azul de Pirris, Buenos Aires, El] General de Tér- raba, Tenorio (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Miravalles. Carnegie Museum: Pézo Aztl de Pirris, Miravalles, El Pézo de Térraba, Boruca (Carriker). Twelve skins. The status of the species Pzpromorpha assimilis in Costa Rica is a rather peculiar one, representatives of both P. a. assimilis and dyscola being found there, but neither are typical examples of the subspecies to which they belong. All the birds from the Pacific slope are nearer to dyscola, those from the Térraba Valley being almost typical, while from Guana- CARRIKER: LIST OF THE, Birps) or Costa’ RICA. fale? caste they are less so. All the birds from the Caribbean are referable to true assimulis. This is one of the most abundant of the woodland flycatchers found in Costa Rica, inhabiting the Pacific slope from sea-level up to at least 3,500 feet (Guaitil). Its habits are more like a vireo than a true tyrant- bird, while it is frequently found in company with Pachysylvia ochra- ceiceps and some of the small arboreal Formicariide. It is always seen in the heavy forest, rather low down in the small trees and shrubbery, and is usually alone when not in company with some of the above mentioned birds. Although a common bird I have never found its nest. 479. Pipromorpha assimilis .assimilis (Sclater). Mionectes oleaginus (not Muscicapa oleaginea Lichtenstein) SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1856, 296 (Cordova, Mexico). Mionectes oleagineus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 111, part (Costa Rica ‘‘ [Enrique Arcé]; coll. O. Salvin,’’). — FRANtTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 397, part (Costa Rica). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 112, part (Turrialba [Arcé]). — SALVIN and GopMaAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1888, 22, part (Costa Rican references). Mionectes assimilis LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 111, part (Angos- tura and Pacuare [J. Carmiol]). — FRANTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 307, part (Costa Rica). [Mionectes oleagineus| a. subsp. assimilis SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 113, part (Turrialba [Arcé]). | Pipromor pha] assimilis HEINE and REICHENOW, Nom. Mus. Hein., 1890, 141 (Cordova, Mexico). Pipromor pha assimilis dyscola RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 455, part (Nicaragua to Veragua;— Costa Rica: Angostura, Pacuarito, Matina, Val, Guayabal, Tv.rialba, Pacuare, Bonilla, Jiménez). Pipromor pha assimilis assimilis RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 454, part (Mexico to southern Honduras). — BANGS Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXII, 1909, 33 (northern Costa Rica; critical). U.S. Nat. Museum: Guaydbo (Ridgway and Zeledén). Bangs Collection: Guayabal, La Vijagua, Carrillo, Matina (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Gudapiles (Carriker & Crawford), Cuabre, Rio Sic- sola, Carrillo, El Hogar, Peralta (Carriker). Eight skins. All the birds from the Caribbean slope of Costa Rica that I have been able to examine are much nearer to typical assimilis than to dyscola, al- though none are typical of the northern birds. Those from La Vijagua are nearer to birds froim British Honduras than any others on the eastern slope of Costa Rica, but all are very noticeably distinct from birds from the Pacific slope, especially those from Térraba. Guanacaste birds are 714 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. more nearly true intermediates than any others, for it is here that the two races actually come together. This bird occupies about the same alti- tudinal range on the Caribbean as does dyscola on the Pacific, while its habits and habitat are identical. 480. Myiozetetes granadensis Lawrence. _Myiozetetes granadensis LAWRENCE, Ibis, 1862, 11 (Lion Hill, Panama); Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 112 (Ordési, Costa Rica). — FRANTZzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn. 1869, 307 (Orési). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 116 (Rio Stcio). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV. 1888, 163 (no Costa Rican specimens). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1889, 42 (Costa Rican references). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 33 (Palmar, Boruca, Lagarto, Buenos Aires). — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 450 (Honduras to E. Peru; — Costa Rica: Navarro, Sipurio, Orési, Jiménez, and Pigres). Bangs Collection: El General de Térraba, Carrillo, Jiménez, Reventazon, Pézo Azul de Pirris (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Gudapiles (Carriker & Crawford); Pézo Azil de Pirris, El Pézo, Boruca, and Buenos Aires de Térraba (Carriker). Seven skins. This Myiozetetes is usually found in company with M. texensis, though it is never so abundant as that species, and unlike it is not found in the highlands, being restricted to the lowlands of both the Caribbean and the Pacific from sea-level up to about 1,500 feet. Its habits are about the same, although it usually seems to be more retiring and less pugnacious than fexensis. All the species of Myiozetetes eat a great deal of fruit and berries whenever they are in season, and are always to be seen in the same trees feeding with cotingas and several species of tanagers. At other times their food consists of various insects, usually caught on the wing. I took the nest and eggs of this bird at both Guapiles and on the Rio Sicsola. It is precisely like the nest of M. texensis, that is, elbow-shaped, made of grass, weed-stalks, and roots, lined with very fine dry grass, and placed in an upright crotch of a tree or on a broken snag projecting from the river. The two nests taken were about ten inches long and five inches in diameter at the larger end. The eggs are creamy-white, speckled, spotted, and blotched with cin- namon-rufous or purplish umber-brown, more heavily about the larger end. Each nest contained three eggs, that from Gudapiles having been taken July 16, the other from Rio Sicsola on March 8, both with incubation begun. It is very probable that like our common Kingbird, CARRIKER: List Or THE BIRDS oF CosTA. RICA. 715 they raise two broods in a season. Eggs measure: 25.5 to 29X16 to 18 mm. 481. Myiozetetes texensis columbianus (Cabanis and Heine). M(yiozetetes| columbianus CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., II 1859, 62 (Puerto Cabello, Venezuela, and Cartagena, Colombia). Myiozetetes texensis columbianus RipGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 449 (Chiriqui to Venezuela). Myiozetetes similis superciliosus BANGS, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 302 (Boruca, two specimens [Underwood]). Bangs Collection: El General de Térraba (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: El! Pdézo, Boruca, and Buenos Aires de Térraba (Car- riker). Eight specimens. The Colombian race of MW. texensis has not heretofore been recognized from Costa Rica, the specimens taken by Underwood at Boruca having been reported by Mr. Bangs (Auk, X XIV, 1907, 302) as the northern bird. All of the specimens which I secured in the Térraba Valley are typical columbianus, being just as small as a series of skins from Loma del Leon, Panama, and averaging smaller than birds from Chiriqui, labelled colum- bianus by Mr. Ridgway. The color of the pileum and the sides of the head also agrees with that of the southern birds. I have examined the two specimens from Boruca and several from El General in the collection of Mr. Bangs and find that they are likewise typical columbianus. They are found only in open country, where there are trees scattered about, or in orchards, roadsides, or trees along the edges of streams, the latter being a favorite resort. I found a few birds at Pézo Azul de Pirris in such a situation, and saw severe: nests, one of which was secured on May 8, 1902, containing two sl*zhtly incubated eggs. This species also lays three and four eggs. The nest in question was of the usual type, elbow-shaped, and hung over a crotch in a ‘‘Cornusuela”’ tree about twelve 9 feet from the ground. The ‘‘Cornusuela”’ tree deserves a word of de- scription, for it is resorted to by several species of birds for nesting pur- poses. Itisasmall tree, not growing higher than thirty feet, usually less, is rather bushy, and has all the limbs armed-with huge needle-pointed thorns, set in pairs on opposite sides of the twig. The thorns are just about the shape of a bison’s horn, and are quite hollow with only a thin shell. There is a species of medium-sized black ant, which is always found living in these thorns, gaining entrance to the hollow interior by boring a small hole through the outer shell near the tip. At the slightest disturbance of any portion of the tree, all the ants pour out of the thorns 716 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. and hasten to the disturbed portion of the tree, with the idea that there is some sort of prey to be secured, and woe betide the luckless person or — animal upon whom they descend, for the particular brand of formic acid — which they produce is about the worst I have ever encountered. To make matters worse for the poor odlogist there is never less than one wasp’s nest — in the same tree, and the bird is always very particular to select the same limb for its nest as is occupied by the vicious, trouble-hunting wasps. I do not therefore need to further dwell upon the difficulties of securing nests placed in “‘Cornusuela”’ trees. The eggs are creamy-white, with a slightly rosy tinge, speckled and blotched with lilac and umber-brown. Measurements: 23.518 and 25X16 mm. 482. Myiozetetes texensis texensis (Giraud). Muscicapa texensis GIRAUD, Sixteen Species of Texas Birds, 1841, pl. 1 (“‘ Texas” type in U. S. Nat. Mus.). Myiozetetes texensis SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1859, 56 (Honduras).— CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1861, 245 (highlands of Costa Rica [Hoffmann and Frantzius]). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 112 (Angostura and San José [J. Carmiol], Cartago [Cooper]). — FRANTzIusS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 307 (whole highlands of Costa Rica). — BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 63 (San José and Juan Vifias). — RrpGway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 500 (San José [Nutting]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 116 (San José, Cartago, Las Trojas, Jiménez, Monte Redondo). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 162, part (Costa Rica [Endres, Carmiol, and Van Patten]). — CHERRIE, Auk, VII, 1890, 235 (San José, nesting habits); IX, 1892, 250 (San José). — ALFARO, Paginas Illustradas, II, 1905, 803 (Costa Rica, habits; descr. nest and eggs). Myiozetetes marginatus (not of Lawrence, 1863) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 112 (Costa Rica [J. Carmiol]). — FRANTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 307 (Costa Rica). Myiozetetes similis SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1888, 41, part (Costa Rican references). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 438 (Miravalles). Myiozetetes texensis texensis RIDGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 446 (southern Mexico to Costa Rica: San José, Cartago, Bonilla, Jiménez, Sipu- rio, Grecia, Alajuéla, Bebedéro, San Sebastian). U.S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeledén). Bangs Collection: Tenorio, Bebedero, San José (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Gudapiles (Carriker & Crawford); Pdézo Azul de Pirris, Juan Vinas, Miravalles (Carriker). Seven skins. Giraud’s Flycatcher is the common Myiozetetes in the highlands of Costa Rica, although it is also found sparingly over the greater portion of the Caribbean lowlands and the northwestern Pacific region as far south as CARRIKER: LIST OF THE: Birps or Costa RIcA. viakye Pézo Azul de Pirris, but in the extreme southwestern portion it is replaced by M.t. columbianus. The habits of this bird are so well known that no description of them is necessary. 483. Legatus albicollis (Vieillot). Tyrannus albicollis VIEILLOT, N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., XX XV,1819, 89 (Paraguay). Legatus albicollis SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1859, 46, in text. — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 112 (San José, Guaitil, and Turrialba [J. Carmiol]).— FRANT- zius, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 307 (Costa Rica). — BoucARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 63 (Juan Vinas, several). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 155 (San José [Carmiol], Tucurriqui and La Barranca [Arcé]).— SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1888, 38 (Costa Rican references). — CHERRIE, Auk, IX, 1892, 250 (San Sebastian de San José); Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 33 (Térraba and Buenos Aires). — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 439 (S. E. Mexico to Paraguay. — Costa Rica: San José, Tucurriqui, Barranca de Nicoya, Turrialba, Guaitil, Naranjo, Navarro, Reventazén, Pézo Azil de Pirris). — BANcs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 302 (Boruca [Underwood]). Legatus variegatus CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1861, 245 (Costa Rica). — Law- RENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 112 (San José [Frantzius]). — FRANTZIUS, Hour iu; Orn., 1860; 307 (Costa Rica). U.S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeledén), Bonilla (Basulto). ‘Bangs Collection: San José, Reventazén, Pézo Azil de Pirris, Buenos Aires, and El General de Térraba (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Tuis and Guanacaste. Carnegie Museum: Juan Vinas, Guaitil, Miravalles, Bagaces, Esparta (Carriker). Eleven skins. | This flycatcher at once attracts attention on account of its peculiar streaked appearance and the strikingly melancholy note which it frequently utters. Its habitat is about the same as that of Elenia and Tyrannus melancholicus, in company with which it is frequently found in open wood- lands, by roadsides, edges of forests, and banks of streams. Its range ex- tends between 2,000 and 3,500 feet on the Caribbean side, and between sea-level and 3,000 feet on the Pacific slope. It is not an abundant bird in any locality, only a pair occurring here and there. I took a nest with three badly incubated eggs at Guaitil on May 4, 1902. The manner of the construction of the nest of this species seems to point to a close rela- tionship with the genus Myozetetes, for the nests are built in precisely the same manner. It is an elbow-shaped structure, made of weed-stalks and grass, and hung in an upright crotch of a small tree, so that each end is some inches lower than the middle. The opening is from below, at one 718 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. end, with a passage about ten inches in length to the other end, which is slightly enlarged to accommodate the cavity of the nest. The eggs are pale burnt umber, with a wreath of blackish umber spots around the larger end, also some scrawls and pencilings of the same color over the entire surface. Measurements: 20.5 X16, 21.5 X16, and 22X16 mm. 484. Elznia frantzii frantzii Lawrence. Elainea frantzii LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VIII, 1867, 172 (San José [Frant- zius]); IX, 1868, 112 (San José [Frantzius], Barranca and Dota [J. Carmiol]). — FRANTzIUusS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 307 (S. W. Costa Rica). — BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 63 (Irazi). — RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 496 (Volcan de Irazii [Nutting]). — ZELEDON, An Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 116 (Cartago). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 145, part (Dota [Carmiol], Irazi district [Rogers]).— SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1888, 36 (Costa Rican references). Elenia frantzii frantzii RipGWAy, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., 1907, 434 (Guate- mala to Panama. — Costa Rica: San José, Irazi, Santa Maria de Dota, Las Cruces de Candelaria, Barranca, Volcan de Turrialba, La Estrella de Cartago). U. S. Nat. Museum: El Copey and Santa Maria de Dota (Basulto). Bangs Collection: Volcan de Irazi, Cerro de Santa Maria, Azahar de Cartago (Underwood). Carnegie Museum Collection: Volcan de Irazu, 8,000 feet; Miravalles, Juan Vifias (Carriker). Seven skins. Frantzius’ Elzenia occupies the higher portions of the country, being regularly found on all the volcanoes from near timber-line down to 4,000 feet, and irregularly to even lower altitudes, overlapping the range of subpagana for some distance. The bird breeds at high altitudes, and it is quite probable that those taken low down are merely altitudinal mi- grants, which, after the breeding season, have descended in search of better feeding-grounds. The habits of this species are similar to those of subpagana, although the birds can easily be distinguished in life after a little practice. I found it breeding on the Volcan de Irazi about the middle of April, when several nests were taken, each containing but two eggs. The nest is constructed of roots, weed-stalks, fine grass, and moss, and is always lined with fine black roots, hairs, and a few feathers. It is usually placed in an upright crotch from fifteen to twenty feet above the ground. The nest measures about 3.52 outside, and 2X 1.25 inches in- side. The eggs are creamy-white, with a few scattering specks and spots of bright chestnut-brown about the larger end, or else with the markings + CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF COSTA RICA. 719 scattered over the larger half of the egg. Measurements: 18.5 to 20X15 to 16 mm. 485. Elenia chiriquensis chiriquensis Lawrence. Elainea chiriquensis LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VIII, 1867, 176 (David, Panama). Elenia chiriquensis chiriquensis RIDGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 432 (Chiriqui to Santa Marta, Colombia). — BANGs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 301 (Boruca, Paso Real, and Lagarto de Térraba [Underwood]). Bangs Collection: Buenos Aires and El General de Térraba (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Boruca and Buenos Aires de Térraba (Carriker). Five skins. The first record we have of the occurrence of this species in Costa Rica is that published in the Auk, 1907, 301, by Mr. Bangs, recording the speci- mens collected by Underwood in the Térraba Valley in 1906. Under- wood secured twelve specimens, all of which are typical FE. chiriquensis. The following year I secured a small series from Boruca and Buenos Aires. The bird is usually found in company with Myiopagis placens and Myio- zetetes, either in scattering woodland, second-growth scrub, or along the margins of the streams. Its habits are essentially the same as those of ‘the other Costa Rican species of the genus. 486. Elgnia martinica subpagana (Sclater and Salvin). Elainea subpagana SCLATER and SALVIN, Ibis, 1860, 36 (Duenas, Guatemala). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 112 (San José, Costa Rica [J. Carmiol]). — CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1861, 244 (highlands of Costa Rica [Frantzius]). — FRANTzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 307 (Costa Rica). Elainea pagana subpagana, CHERRIE, Auk, IX, 1892, 250 (San José); Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 32 (Boruca, Térraba, and Buenos Aires). Elainea pagana BOuCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 63 (San José). — RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 500 (San José, Nutting). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 116 (Alajuéla and San José). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds. Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 137 (Irazti [Rogers]). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1888, 34, part (Costa Rican references). — ALFARO, Paginas Illustradas, II, 1905, 803 (Costa Rica; habits, descr. nest and eggs). Elenea pagana CHERRIE, Auk, VII, 1890, 235 (San José; nesting habits). Elenia martinica subpagana RIDGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 429 (southern Mexico to Panama; — Costa Rica: San José, Irazii, Pigres). Elainea flavogasira subpagana BANGS, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 301 (Boruca, Paso. Real, and Lagarto de Térraba [Underwood]). U. S. Nat. Museum: Dota Mountains (Basulto), Volcan de Turrialba, San Juan de Irazi (Ridgway). 720 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Bangs Collection: San José, Bolson, Carrillo, Buenos Aires, and El General de Térraba (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Guaitil, Tierra Blanca, Miravalles, Boruca, Buenos Aires (Carriker). Nine skins. This species of Ele@nia occupies the central plateau and the Pacific slope down to about 1,000 feet above sea-level, and is rarely taken asa straggler on the Caribbean watershed (Carrillo). It keeps entirely in the open, never being taken in the forest. It is fond of trees along roadsides, streams, and in scattering woodland. It is quite common in the hills about ‘ Boruca around the edges of the ‘‘sabanas.”’ I took a nest with two fresh eggs at Guaitil, May 3, 1902, which was exactly like those described by Mr. Cherrie (Auk, VII, 1890, 235), much resembling the nest of the common Wood Pewee (Myiochanes virens). It was a well-built, cup-shaped structure, made of roots and weed-stems, covered over on the outside with lichens, and placed in an upright crotch about twelve feet above the ground. The eggs are creamy-white, with a slightly rosy tinge, having a few markings of lilac, and a wreath of chestnut dots around the larger end. Measurements: 21.516 and 22X 16 mm. 487. Sublegatus arenarum (Salvin). Elainea arenarum SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1863, 190 (Puntarenas [O. Salvin and J. M. Dow]). Elainea arenarum LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 112 (Puntarenas [Salvin and Dow]). — FRANTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 307 (Costa Rica). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 153 (Puntarenas). — SALVIN and GOpMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1888, Pl. 36, fig. 3 (not text).— ALLEN, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., II, 1889, 208 (Ssynonomy; crit.). Sublegatus arenarum SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1888, 37, part (Puntarenas). — RiIpGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 420 (Puntarenas). This bird, if really distinct from the Panaman species, S. glaber, is known only from the type specimen collected at Puntarenas by O. Salvin and Capt. J. M. Dow in 1863. Every Costa Rican collector has hunted assid- uously for it, but with no success, and the bird still remains one of the many unsolved ornithological mysteries. 488. Camptostoma imberbe Sclater. Camptostoma imberbe SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1857, 203 (San Andreas, Vera Cruz, Mexico). — R1pGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 414 (Mexico to Nicaragua). — BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXII, 1909, 33 (Tenorio, Coralillo, Bolson, 5 specimens [Underwood}). ~ —— we OE CARRIKER ILISt OF THE Birds OF CosTA RICA. Fx | Ornithion imberbe SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 126, part (Mexico to Nicaragua). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1888, Zo, part (no C.°R. reference). C. H. Lankester Collection: Bebedéro, May 4, 1906, . Carnegie Museum Collection: Bebedéro, May, 1906 (Carriker). The first specimen of the Beardless Flycatcher actually taken in Costa Rica, of which I have any knowledge, was the one taken by Mr. Lankester at Bebedéro, May 4, 1906, although no record for it was ever published, the second was the specimen in the Carnegie Museum, taken also at Bebedéro. In 1908, Underwood took five specimens at Bolson, Coralillo, and Tenorio, as recorded by Mr. Bangs in a late paper. It would thus seem that it is a regular resident in the extreme north- western portion of Costa Rica, from the Gulf of Nicoya northward, along the Pacific watershed. It is a common bird farther north, extending up to the southern border of the United States, so that its habits are well known. 489. Camptostoma pusillum flaviventre (Sclater and Salvin). Camptostoma flaviventre SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1864, 358 (Panama). Ornithion imberbe CHERRIE, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 535 (Costa Rica). Ornithion pusillum (not Myiopatis pusilla, Cabanis and Heine) SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 126, part (Panama). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1888, 30, part (Panama, southward). Ornithion pusillum subflavum CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, 28 (P6zo Azul de Pirris, May, 1891 [Underwood]); Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 32 (Palmar, Lagarto, and Buenos Aires de Térraba). Camptostoma pusillum flaviventre RipGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 417 (Costa Rica and Panama; — Costa Rica: Pézo Aziil de Pirris, Pigres, Bebedéro). — BANGs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 301 (El P6ézo and Paso Real de Térraba [Underwood]); Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXII, 1909, 33 (Bolson, one specimen [Underwood]). Bangs Collection: Pézo Aztl de Pirris (Underwood). This southern species comes up the west coast of Costa Rica as far as southern Guanacaste (Bolson), where it meets the northern form, C. imberbe. It seems to be fairly common in the Térraba Valley, Cherrie and Underwood both taking several specimens, although I did not get it when there in 1907. The first authentic specimen known from Costa Rica was that taken by Underwood at Pézo Azitl dé Pirris in May, 1891, - and described by Mr. Cherrie as Ormithion pusillum subflavum. 490. Leptotriccus superciliaris Sclater and Salvin. Leptotriccus superciliaris SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1868, 389 (Chitra, Panama). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 100 (Panama). — aoe ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1888, 18, Pl. 36, fig. 2 (Panama). — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 411 (Panama). U. S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo, March 29, 1908, 2 (Ridgway). This bird was taken first by Arcé at Chitra and afterwards at Calovevora, Panama, where he secured but two specimens. I do not believe that any others have since been taken by any collector, previous to Mr. Ridgway’s discovery of the species in Costa Rica at Guayabo in 1908. Nothing, of course, is known concerning the habits or range of the species, more than that it was taken in the forest. 491. Tyranniscus vilissimus parvus (Lawrence). Tyranniscus parvus LAWRENCE, Ibis, 1862, 12 (Panama); Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 112 (Turrialba [Arcé]). — SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1867, 147 (Turrialba [Arcé]); Ibis, 1869, 315, in text (crit.). — FRANTzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 307 (Costa Rica). — BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 63 (Navarro). — RIpGWAy, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VI, 1883, 414 (Pézo Aztl de Pirris [Juan Zeledén, 1882]). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 132 (Angostura [Carmiol], Tur- rialba [Arcé]). —SALVIN and GOpMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1888, 33 (Costa Rican references). — CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 535 (Costa Rica; crit.); Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1803; 32 (Boreas Buenos Aires); Auk, IX, 1892, 250 (San José, one specimen). Tyranniscus vilissimus (not Elainea vilissimus Sclater) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, r11 (Angostura and Dota [J. Carmiol], Turrialba and Bar- ranca [F. Carmiol]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 116 (Na- ranjo de Cartago, Pézo Azul de Pirris, Angostura). Tyranniscus vilissimus FRANTZzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 307 (Costa Rica). Tyranniscus vilissimus parvus RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 408 (Nicaragua to Panama;— Costa Rica: Turrialba, Angostura, Bonilla, Carrillo, Jiménez, Barranca, Dota, Guayabal, Cariblanco de Sarapiqui, Azahar de Cartago, Pézo Azul de Pirris). — BANGs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 301 (Boruca, Paso Real, and El Pézo de Térraba [Underwood)]). U.S. Nat. Museum: Guaydabo (Ridgway and Zeledén); Bonilla, El Copey, and Santa Maria de Dota (Basulto). Bangs Collection: Pézo Azil de Pirris, Cariblanco de Sarapiqui, Azahar de Cartago, Carrillo, El General and Buenos Aires de Térraba, Tenorio, Bolson (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Cachi and El Hogar. Carnegie Museum: Gudapiles, Guacimo, El Hogar, Boruca, Buenos Aires, Peralta (Carriker). Fifteen skins. This little flycatcher is found in practically all portions of the country from near sea-level up to 4,000 or 5,000 feet. It is very scarce below about 600 feet and above 3,000 feet, its zone of greatest abundance being between 800 and 2,000 feet. Feat wl are CARRIKER: IST OF THE. BIRDS oF CosTA RIcaA. P33 It frequents open woodland, the edges of the forests, scattering trees in pastures and along roadsides, usually being seen rather low down in the trees. It feeds very much like the vireos, but also catches insects on the wing. Costa Rican specimens vary exceedingly in size from every locality in which they are taken, especially in the size of the bill. 402. Myiopagis placens accola Bangs. Elainea placens (not of Sclater, 1859) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z.S., 1864, 359 (Panama, critical). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 112 (Barranca and Guaitil [J. Carmiol], Grecia [F. Carmiol]). — FRANTzIUus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 307 (Costa Rica). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 116 (Las Trojas, Grecia, and Monte Redondo). — ScCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 148, part (Barranca [Carmiol], Tucurriqui [Arcé]). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 438 (Miravalles). Myiopagis placens SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1888, 26, part (Costa Rican references). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 31 (Lagarto, Térraba, and Buenos Aires). é Myiopagis placens accola BANGS, Proc. N. Eng. Zool. Club, III, 1902, 35 (Bo- quete, Panama). — R1ipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Am., IV, 1907, 403 (Nica- ragua to Panama;-— Costa Rica: Barranca, Guaitil, Grecia, San Lucas, Bebedéro, Volcan de Miravalles, Santo Domingo de San Mateo, P6ézo Azul de Pirris, Bonilla). — Bancs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 301 (Boruca [Under wood]). Bangs Collection: Pézo Azul de Pirris, El General and Buenos Aires de Térraba, Bebedéro, Bolson, Tenorio, and Coralillo (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Bagaces and Cachi. Carnegie Museum: Bagaces, Boruca, and Buenos Aires (Carriker). I found this species very abundant in the vicinity of Buenos Aires de Térraba, where they almost entirely frequented the open woodland along the banks of the streams, in company with Elenia chiriquensis, Myio- zetetes granadensis, and M. texensts columbianus. They usually perch lower down than the above mentioned species and are not so shy and hard to approach. The species ranges over practically the whole of the Pacific slope up to 3,000 feet and even higher, where suitable conditions are found, but is most abundant around the Gulf of Nicoya and in the upper Térraba Valley. It is also present in very small numbers on the Caribbean watershed, where Mr. Ridgway secured specimens at Bonilla and Mr. Lankester one at Cachi. I noted nothing in regard to its breeding habits, but presume that the nest may be similar to that of Elenza. ays ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 493. Serpophaga cinerea grisea (Lawrence). Serpophaga cinerea SALVIN, Ibis, 1869, 319 (Costa Rica [Endres]). — BoucARD, P.Z.S., 1878, 62 (Juan Vifias, o' & Y, very rare).— SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 103, part (Costa Rica [Endres]). — SALVIN and GopMs , Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1888, 20, part (Costa Rica to Ecuador). Serpophaga grisea LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1871, 139 (near San José [Carmiol]). — SALvin, Ibis, 1874, 315 (critical). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 117 (Navarro de Cartago). * Serpophaga cinerea grisea BANGS, Proc. N. Eng. Zool. Club, III, 1902, 35 (Bo-— quete, Panama). — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 397 (near San José, Naranjo, Carrillo, Bonilla, Navarro, Coliblanco). ' U. S. Nat. Museum: Santa Maria de Dota (Basulto). Bangs Collection: Carrillo (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Cachi. Carnegie Museum: Gudapiles (Carriker & Crawford); Ujurras de Tér- ; raba (Carriker). Three skins. . This bird shows little resemblance to a flycatcher, either in appearance or habits. I have never seen it except hopping about on the rocks in a~ swiftly flowing stream, feeding upon the small insects upon the rocks. It is quite tame and easily approached, but difficult to collect on¥ account of its always being in the midst of a rapid stream. I took an adult female and an immature female in a rocky gorge at Ujurras de Térraba, at an altitude of about 3,000 feet. It is apparently found over the whole of the country in small numbers, wherever the conditions are suitable, that is, from about 800 feet upwards to not more than 4,000 feet, but it is most abundant on the Caribbean slope at about 1,000 feet. 404. Rhynchocyclus cinereiceps (Sclater). Cyclorhynchus cinereiceps SCLATER, Ibis, Oct., 1859, 443 (Oaxaca, Mexico). Rhynchocyclus cinereiceps SCLATER, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 220 (Guatemala). — NuTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 395 (La Palma de Nicoya). —= RipGway, Proc.. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 395 (description of nest):—== ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 116 (P6zo Azil de Pirris, Jiménez, Pacuare). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 169 (Angostura [Carmiol]). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1888, 10 (Mexico to Panama). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 33 (Lagarto, Boruca, Térraba, and Buenos Aires). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 437 (Miravalles). — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 304 (southern Mexico to Panama Railroad; — Costa Rica: Angostura, La Palma de Nicoya, Pézo Aziil de Pirris, Naranjo, Carrillo, Bonilla, Jiménez, Pigres, GCARRIRER List OF THE Birnps of ‘Costa Rica. 725 Juan Vifias). — Bancs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 300 (Boruca, Paso Real, and El Pézo de Térraba [Underwood]). Rhynchocyclus sulphurescens LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 112 and 146 (Angostura [Carmiol]). — FRANTz1us, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 307 (Costa ica): —— BOUCARD, P..Z. S., 1878, 63 (San Carlos). U.S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeledén), Santo Domingo de San Mateo (Alfaro). Bangs Collection: Pdézo Azul de Pirris, Juan Vifias, Carrillo, Bolson, Tenorio, Coralillo, El General de Térraba (Underwood). ©] HH. Lankester Collection: Cachi. Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford); Gudapiles, Bebe- dero, Miravalles, Bagaces, El Hogar, Juan Vifias, San Mateo, Esparta, El Pézo de Térraba, Boruca, Buenos Aires (Carriker). Twenty-one skins. This species ranges over the whole of the Caribbean and Pacific lowlands up to at least 3,000 feet on the eastern slope and 2,000 feet on the western side. It is never very abundant in individuals in any locality, except perhaps in some parts of the Pacific lowlands. I found it common about Esparta and breeding in the first week in June. A great many of the specimens taken (about one-third) have an abnormally shaped bill, which ' is much cqmpressed laterally, with a very distinct maxillary and man- dibular ridge, especially noticeable on the mandible. There are found, however, all gradations between the normal flat and broad bill to the narrowly pointed and ridged bill, but I have not been able to discover their cause. Many nests of this species were noticed about Esparta, also at El Pdézo de Térraba and Pézo Azul de Pirris. It is invariably the same in shape and material, being made entirely of a peculiar black, hair-like fibre, but from what source it comes I am not able to determine, although it much resembles the fibres found in the stalks of many of the ferns. It is‘a pouch-shaped, pendant structure, invariably suspended from the drooping tip of a limb, and is about twelve to fourteen inches in length and five inches in diameter at the bottem. The opening is at the bottom, pro- tected by an extension of the side, like an awning, and extending upward over the rim of the cavity of the nest, which is also lined with the same black fibrous material. The eggs are creamy-white, with a slightly rufous tinge, speckled, chiefly about the larger end, with cinnamon-rufous, and with a suffusion of the same color about the larger end. “Two eggs are invariably laid. Measurements: 21X14 and 20.5X14 mm. 726 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 495. Rhynchocyclus marginatus Lawrence. Rhynchocyclus marginatus LAWRENCE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1868 (pub- — lished April or May, 1869), 429 (Lion Hill Station, Panama R. R. [M’Lean- nan]). — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 392 (Panama to eastern Costa Rica, Carrillo). — BANGs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXII, 1909, 32 (La Vijagua, Feb. 21 and 25, two specimens [Underwood]). Bangs Collection: Carrillo, Nov. 24, 1898 (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: El] Hogar, Jan. 21, 1907, 9; March 17) 90007@uee (Carriker). This is one of the rarities among the flycatchers, not only in Costa Rica, but throughout its range, but five specimens of it ever having been taken in Costa Rica, three by Underwood, which are in Mr. Bangs’ collection, and two by myself at El Hogar. It seems that in Costa Rica it is confined to the Caribbean lowlands, with very likely a continuous range up from Panama, although it has never been taken in intermediate localities. I did not take, or to my knowledge see 1t in Talamanca. 496. Craspedoprion brevirostris (Cabanis). Cyclorhynchus brevirostris CABANIS, in Wiegmann’s Archiv. fiir Naturg. 1847, 1; e240. Rhynchocyclus brevirostris SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 166 (Iraza district [Rogers], C. R. [Endres and Carmiol]). — SAL vIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1888, 8 (Mexico to Panama). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 33 (Lagarto and Boruca). Rhynchocyclus griseimentalis LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 112 (pub- lished March, 1869) (Dota [J. Carmiol]). — SALvINn, Ibis, 1869, 315 (Costa Rica). — FRANTZzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 315 (Costa Rica). Craspedoprion brevirostris RIDGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 388 (southern Mexico to Veragua; — Costa Rica: Dota, Val, Juan Vifias, Rio Naranjo, Pézo Aztl de Pirris, Pézo del Pital, Azahar de Cartago, Irazi). — BANGS, Auk, X XIV, 1907, 300 (Boruca and EI P6zo de Térraba [Underwood)). Bangs Collection: Azahar de Cartago, Juan Vinas, El General de Térraba, Pézo Azul de Pirris (Underwood). C.H. Lankester, Collection: Kl Hegar- Carnegie Museum: Pézo Azil de Pirris, Juan Vifias, El Pézo de Térraba (Carriker). Eleven skins. This peculiar bird has a remarkably large and variable range in Costa Rica, being found over both the Caribbean and Pacific lowlands and up on the eastern slope of the mountains of northeastern Costa Rica, as high at least as 5,000 feet. However, it seems to be absent from the north- western portion of the country, no specimens having been taken in Guana- —— . es es)... Cf CARRIKER) bist) Of THE BIRDS OF COSTA. RICA; Go caste. It is again found high up in the Dota Mountains where the cool humid conditions are similar to those of the higher Caribbean slope. The nest resembles a bunch of trash hanging from the tip of a limb, small at the top, and increasing in size downward to a diameter of about eight inches at the bottom. The opening is on one side at the bottom, overhung by the material of the nest, and extending upward for about four inches to the rim of the cavity of the nest. I have never seen the eggs. 497. Platytriccus albogularis (Sclater). Platyrhynchus albogularis SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1860, 68 (Pallatanga, Ecuador); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 67, pl. 8, fig. 2 (Irazi [Rogers]). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1888, 6 (Costa Rica to Peru). Platyrhynchus albigularis BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 62 (Navarro). Platyrhynchus cancrominus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 110 (Na- varro). — FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 306 (Navarro). Platytriccus albogularis RinGway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVIII, 1905, 211 (critical); Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 384 (Navarro, Naranjo, Irazu, Cartago, La Estrella de Cartago, Azahar de Cartago, Cariblanco de Sara- piqui). U.S. Nat. Museum: Los Reyes, La Lagunaria, and Santa Maria de Dota (Basulto). Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia: La Estrella de Cartago and Azahar de Cartago (Underwood). Bangs Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui, Cerro de Santa Maria, Azahar de Cartago, Tenorio, El General de Térraba, P6ézo Azul de Pirris (Under- wood). Fleming Collection: Carrillo and Cariblanco de Sarapiqui (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Juan Vifias (Carriker). One skin. This species is found on the Caribbean slope from about 1,500 feet up- wards, and in the forests of the central plateau, but is not found on the Pacific slope of central or northern Costa Rica. Apparently it has crossed over to the Dota Mountains (in southwestern Costa Rica) where cool and very humid conditions are similar to those found on the higher Caribbean watershed. I took but one specimen of this species at Juan Vifias, hence know little of the habits of the bird, but I judge that they are practically the same as those of the preceding species. Mr. Ridgway gives Pézo Azul de Pirris among the localities for this species, which seems to me to be, if correct, most unusual, for this bird is not found at low altitudes, even on the Caribbean slope, and Pézo Aztl is only about 500 feet above sea-level. 728 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 498. Platytriccus cancrominus (Sclater and Salvin). Platyrhynchus cancrominus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z.S., 1860, 299 (Guatemala). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 66 (no C. R. specimens). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1888, 5 (Mexico to Nica- ragua). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 437 (Miravalles, Costa Rica). Platytriccus cancrominus R1pGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVIII, 1905, 211 (critical); Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 382 (Volcan de Miravalles, Bebedéro, and Pézo Azul de Pirris). Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia: Bebedéro (Underwood). Bangs Collection: Pézo Azil de Pirris, Bolson, Tenorio (Underwood). — C. H. Lankester Collection: Miravalles. Carnegie Museum: Pézo Azul de Pirris, Bebedéro, Miravalles, Bagaces, — Esparta (Carriker). Seven skins. . This bird is confined entirely to the northern Pacific coast of Costa Rica, — thence northward. It has not been taken south of the Rio Grande de Pirris, and is most abundant in Guanacaste, in the lower Rio Tempisque Valley. It is found, like the other members of the genus, only in the forest, keeping near the ground, perching on low limbs of trees and shrub- bery and catching insects on the wing. 499. Placostomus superciliaris (Lawrence). Platyrhynchus superciliaris LAWRENCE, Ibis, April, 1863, 184 (Lion Hill, Panama [M’Leannan]). — Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 110 (Valsa [J. Carmiol]). — FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 307 (C. R.). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 68 (no C. R. specimens). — SALVIN and GopMaAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1888, 6 (Costa Rica to Guiana). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890—1, 31 (Lagarto and Boruca): ; Placostomus superciliaris RipGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVIII, 1905, 208 ~~ (critical); Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 379 (Valsa, Rio Nara Pézo Azul de Pirris, Pézo del Pital, Las Trojas, La Concepci6én de Jiménez, Carrillo).— Bancs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 300 (Boruca, El Pézo and Paso Reai | de Térraba [Underwood]). Bangs Collection: Pézo Azdl de Pirris, Carrillo, La Vijagua, El General de Térraba, Reventazén (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: La Florida. Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford); Pézo Azul de Pirris, Cuabre, Guacimo, El Hogar, El Pézo de Térraba, Boruca, and Peralta (Carriker). Sixteen skins. This is the smallest and commonest of the Spade-billed Flycatchers in Costa Rica, being found over the whole of the Caribbean and Pacific slopes from sea-level up to about 2,000 feet, occasionally stragglers going CARRIKER: ist OF THE BIRDS OF. CosTA RICA. 729 higher on the eastern side. It is never found outside of the thick, dark forest, keeping near to the ground in the shrubbery and low trees. The nest is always placed in an upright fork of a small shrub, usually from four to six feet above the ground. It isa beautifully built and compact struc- ture. I secured a nest with eggs near Jiménez, May 11, 1905. It was situated as stated above, near the edge of a dense piece of jungle, and close beside an old abandoned log-road. It was a cup-shaped structure, made of fine bark fibres, moss, and rootlets, and lined with coarse, black hair-like fibres of one of the common ferns. A tuft of fibres of irregular length trailed from the bottom, and the outer walls were slightly decorated with lichens and spider-webs. The outside diameter was 2.75, the depth 2, inside diameter 1.5, depth 1.25 inches. The two fresh eggs were deep cream-color, with some lilac markings and spots of cinnamon in a wreath about the larger end. Measurements: 17X13 and I17.5X13 mm. 500. Perissotriccus atricapillus (Lawrence). Todirosirum ecaudatum (not of D’Orbigny and Lafresnaye) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 110 (Angostura [J. Carmiol]). — FRANTzIUs, Jour. fiir Orme i500, 307 -(Costa Rica): [Orchilus] ecaudatus SCLATER and SALVIN, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 45, part (Costa Rica). Orchilus atricapillus LAWRENCE, Ibis, 1875, 385 (‘‘ Volcan de Irazu’’ (?) = Talamanca [Gabb]). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 89 (Costa Rica). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1888, 17 (Costa Rica). Perissotriccus atricapillus OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXV, 1902, 64 (critical). — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 377 (Talamanca, Angostura, Jiménez). Bangs Collection: Jiménez, Feb., 1891, %; June, 1892, 2 (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: El Hogar, Jan. 12, 1907, # and 9; March 21, of (Carriker). This is one of the rarest of the flycatchers, never having been taken outside of Costa Rica, and probably there are not more than eight or nine specimens of it in existence. Carmiol secured the first specimen at An- gostura, which was recorded by Lawrence under the name of Todirostrum ecaudatum. ‘The next was taken by Gabb in Talamanca, and it was from this skin that the bird was described by Lawrence. It was not taken again until 1889, when Alfaro secured a single bird (?) at Jiménez, August 20. In 1891 and 1892 Underwood secured two birds at the same place, and in 1907 I was fortunate to take three specimens at El Hogar, which is only about three miles from Jiménez. 730 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. I found the birds in the virgin forest, always near some little creek, where the trees were rather low and open, letting in the sun. I should probably never have seen them had it not been for their peculiar note, for they perch up in the trees at a considerable height. Their call con- sists of a single thin, piercing note, with a slight rasping quality, and re- peated with a very short interval between each note. They sit very quietly when calling, not moving in the least and are almost impossible — to see from the ground on account of their exceedingly small size. I heard others calling at different times, but I was never able to find them on ac- count of their having quit calling before I reached the spot. At Barmouth, near the mouth of the Matina river, I also heard one, but could not find it. Its range seems to be confined to the Caribbean lowlands, extending the whole length of the country, from sea-level up to 1,000 or 1,200 feet, wherever heavy forest is present. 501. Lophotriccus squamezcristatus minor Cherrie. Euscarithmus squamicristatus: (not Todirostrum squamecristatus Lafresnaye) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y¥., IX, 1868, 111 (Cervantes [J. Carmiol]) Dota [Zeledénl, Grecia [F. Carmiol]). — FRANTzIuUs, Jour. fiir Orn. 1869, 307 (Quebrada Honda). — BoucarbD, P. Z. S., 1878, 62 (Juan Vifias). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 116 (Naranjo de Cartago, Turmalba Gen. vantes, Dota). Lophotriccus squamicristatus SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 87, part (Dota [Zeled6n], Turrialba, and Tucurriqui [Arcé]). — SALVIN and Gop- MAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1888, 16, part (Costa Rica to Venezuela). Lophotriccus squamicristatus minor CHERRIE, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 337 (Grecia [J. Carmiol]). — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 371 (Grecia, Cervantes, Dota, Quebrada Honda, Naranjo, Turrialba, Tucur- riqui, Bonilla, Juan Vifias, San Carlos, Cariblanco de Sarapiqui). U.S. Nat. Museum: Guaydbo (Ridgway and Zeledén), La Lagunaria, and El Copey de Dota (Basulto). Bangs Collection: Carrillo, La Vijagua, Cariblanco de Sarapiqui, Juan Vinas, El General, Cerro de Santa Maria (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui. Carnegie Museum: Volcan de Turrialba, 2,000 feet (Carriker & Craw- ford); La Hondura, Juan Vifias (Carriker). Six skins. This beautiful little crested species has rather a wide range in Costa Rica, being found in almost every part of the country between the alti- tudes of 1,500 and 4,000 feet, a few stragglers sometimes being found a little lower or higher. I found it more abundant in the hills above Juan Vinas, near Capalladas, than in any other locality visited. Underwood | | CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF COSTA RICA. tol also took a good series at La Vijagua, on the Caribbean slope. It is found only in the heavy virgin forest, preferring cool humid conditions. It perches rather low down among the lower limbs of the trees and in the undergrowth, catches its food on the wing, and has a very peculiar, shrill, penetrating note, not loud, yet heard for some distance and very different from that of any other bird which I have ever heard. 502. Todirostrum schistaceiceps Sclater. Todirostrum schistaceiceps SCLATER, Ibis, 1859, 444 (Oaxaca, Mexico). — ZELE- DON, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VIII, 1885, 108 (Costa Rica); An. Mus. Nac. de Cake S87, 110. (Costa. Rica); — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 74 (Mexico to Venezuela). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1888, 13 (no C. R. specimens). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 31 (Boruca and Buenos Aires). — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 367 (Rio Frio, Guaitil, and Pézo Aztl de Pirris). — BANGs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 300 (Boruca, Paso Real, and El P6zo de Térraba [Under- » wood]). Bangs Collection: Pézo Azul de Pirris, Guaitil, Miravalles, La Vijagua, Coralillo, Bolson, Tenorio, Buenos Aires, and El General de Térraba (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Pézo Aztl de Pirris, Buenos Aires, Boruca, El P6zo de Térraba, Esparta, San Mateo, Bebedéro (Carriker). Seventeen skins. This species is confined almost entirely to the Pacific coast region, up to about 2,000 feet, with the exception of the eastern slope in the extreme northern part of the country, where the bird crosses the low continental divide at the boundary line between Costa Rica and Nicaragua and passes. down the eastern slope as far as the Rio Frio. Underwood took several specimens at La Vijagua, on the eastern watershed. The bird is most abundant in the southwestern region, from Puntarenas south, especially in the Térraba Valley. Its habits are very similar to those of T. cinereum, except that it is oftener found in thick woodland, but never in heavy virgin forest. I did not find any of the nests, nor did I see any nest in the Tér- raba Valley resembling that of T. cinereum, so that evidently this species does not build that type of a nest. 503. Todirostrum nigriceps Sclater. Todirostrum nigriceps SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1855, 66, pl. 84, fig. 1 (Santa Marta, Columbia). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 110 (Angostura [J. Carmiol]). — FRANTzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 307 (Costa Rica). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 72 (no C. R. specimens). — SALVIN and Too ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1888, 13 (Costa Rica to Ecuador). — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 366 (Angostura, Jiménez, Cariblanco de Sarapiqui, Reventazén, Bonilla). Bangs Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui and Jiménez (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Guapiles, @ (Carriker & Crawford); Guacimo, ¢# (Carriker). Entirely confined to the Caribbean slope, probably between about 600 and 2,000 feet above sea-level. It is a very rare bird, not only in Costa Rica but throughout its range, probably not more than eight or ten speci- mens having been taken in Costa Rica. Little is known of its habits. The two birds which I secured were taken in shrubbery in open places, and seemed to have the habits of the succeeding species. 504. Todirostrum cinereum finitimum Bangs. Todirostrum cinereum SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1856, 141 (David, Panama). — LAw- RENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 110 (Turrialba and Pacuare [J. Carmiol]). — FRANTZzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 307 (San José). — BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 62 (Cartago and San José). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 116 (Las Trojas, Pacuare, Jiménez). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 60, part (Irazii [Rogers], Bebedéro [Arcé]).— SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1888, 12, part (Mexico to South Brazil). — CHER- RIE, Auk, VII, 1890, 233 (San Jose, notes on breeding); IX, 1892, 250 (San José, common resident); Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 31 (Palmar and Buenos Aires). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 437 (Miravalles to Bebedéro). — Ripcway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 364 (southern Mexico to Panama; — Costa Rica: Turrialba, Pacuare, Volcan de Irazi, Cartago, San José, Nicoya, Bebedéro, Miravalles). — BANGs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 300. Triccus cinereus CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1861, 242 (Costa Rica [Frantzius and Hoffmann]). Todirostrum cinereum finitimum BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVII, 1904, 114 (S. Mexico; coll. E. A. and O. Bangs). U.S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeledén), Carrillo (Under- wood), Reventazén (Carranza), Jiménez (Cherrie), Pigres (Ridgway), Bonilla (Zeled6én). . Bangs Collection: San José, Carrillo, Coralillo, El General de Térraba, Bolson (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Guacimo and Sarapiqui. Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford); Juan Vifias, El Hogar, Bagaces, Buenos Aires de Térraba (Carriker). Sixteen skins. This is the commonest and most widely distributed Todirostrum in Costa Rica, being found over the whole of the lowlands of both coasts and up over the central plateau to at least 4,500 feet. It is commonest CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF COSTA RICA. iar in the Caribbean lowlands, especially in the Santa Clara Valley. It is not found in the heavy forest but in open woodland, among scattered trees and shrubbery, in pastures, and along the edges of streams. I found it breeding abundantly about Guapiles and Guacimo, the nest being usually placed among some vines hanging beside the trunk of some large tree left in a pasture or on the edge of the bananas. They were invariably built in the same manner and of the same sort of material. Nests were found with fresh eggs from April 11 to July 17. The nest is made almost entirely of green moss with some weed-fibre intermixed, and greatly resembles a bunch of moss hanging from a twig. The nest- cavity is at the bottom, with the opening on one side, shielded by an over- hanging curtain of moss, and the whole interior lined with fine weed-fibres and a few hairs. They average about eleven inches in length and two and one-half inches in diameter at the bottom. The eggs are pure white, and usually three in number. Measurements: 10.5 to 11.5 X 15 to 15.5 mm. 505. Oncostoma cinereigulare (Sclater). Todirostrum cinereigulare SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1856, 295 (Cordova, Mexico [Sallé]). Oncostoma cinereigulare SCLATER, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 208. — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., 1X, 1868, 111 (Angostura [J. Carmiol]). — FRANTzIUsS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 307 (Costa Rica). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 116 (Jimenéz, Las Trojas, P6zo Azial de Pirris, Pacuare). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 77 (Mexico to Chiriqui, no C. R. specimens). — SALVIN and GopMaN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1888 (no C. R. specimens). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 31 (Boruca, Térraba, and Buenos Aires). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 438 (Miravalles). — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 358 (Talamanca, Jiménez, Angostura, P6ézo Azul de Pirris, Volcan de Miravalles). — BANGs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 300 (Boruca and El Pézo de Térraba [Underwood]). Bangs Collection: Pézo Aztl de Pirris, Miravalles, Bolson (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Gudacimo, Miravalles. Carnegie Museum: Gudacimo, Rio Sicsola, Cudbre, Miravalles, Bagaces, El Hogar, Buenos Aires (Carriker). Fourteen skins. This curious little flycatcher is distributed over the whole of the Carib- bean and Pacific lowlands, up to about 1,500 feet. It is fond of thick, vine-covered jungle, second-growth scrub, and shrubbery along streams, but does not go into the heavy forest for any distance. Like Todirostrum, it catches its food on the wing, darting out from its perch at passing in- sects. I found a nest of this species near Guapiles in a lime tree, growing at the edge of a pasture. The birds were around the nest when I first dis- 734 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. covered it, but as yet no eggs had been laid. Upon my return several days later I found the nest abandoned and partly destroyed. It was a tiny flattened cup-shaped structure, made of fine grasses and weed-fibres, and lined with vegetable down and a few hairs, and placed in a cluster of small branches on the top of a limb. 506. Onychorhynchus mexicanus fraterculus Bangs. Muscivora mexicana (not of Sclater, 1856) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. N. Y., 1 1868, 114 (Aténas). — FRANTzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn.. 1869, 308 (Costa Rica). — BoucarD, P. Z. S., 1878, 63 (San Ramon). — NuTTING, Proce) Uy Sam Mus., V, 1882, 396 (La Palma de Nicoya, descr. habits, etc.). — ZELEDON, © An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 116 (Las Trojas). — ScLaTEr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 193, part (Miravalles and Bebedéro [Arcé]). — SALVIN and GopmaN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1889, 53 (Costa Rican references). 7 — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en 'C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 34 (Lagarto and Teérrabages rare). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 438 (Miravalles). Onychorhynchus mexicanus OBERHOLSER, Auk, XVIII, I901, 194, part (crit.). Onychorhynchus mexicanus fraterculus BANGS, Proc. N. Eng. Zool. Club, III, 1902, 86 (Santa Marta, Colombia). — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 356 (Nicaragua to Colombia; — Costa Rica: La Palma de Nicoya, Bebedéro, Volcan Miravalles, Aténas, Las Trojas, Pézo Azil de Pirris, San Ramon). — Bancs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 302 (Boruca, Paso Real, and El Pozo de Térraba [Underwood]). Bangs Collection: Miravalles, Tenorio, Bolson, and El General de Tér- raba (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Pdézo Azil de Pirris, Miravalles, Bagaces, El Pézo de Térraba, Boruca (Carriker). Eight skins. This handsome flycatcher is found in Costa Rica only on the Pacific lowlands, below 2,000 feet, and is commonest below 1,000 feet, especially in the region of the Gulf of Nicoya. The birds frequent the heavy forest, especially near a stream, and are usually seen in pairs. Asa rule they are quiet, and, when sitting motionless, the crest is not shown, lying flat on the nape. When alarmed or in the breeding season the male often utters a loud shrill call, quite similar to that of most species of Myzarchus. I did not succeed in finding the nest of this bird, so will append a description of it as given by Mr. M’Leannan (Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VII, 1862, 329). “The nest, which is placed in very secluded spots, is surrounded by a mass of loose straggling material; when first observed he had no suspicion of its being a bird’s nest, but discovered it to be so by seeing the bird enter; inside of the loose grass, etc., is a curious hanging structure, about three GArcRIKER- List OF THE BIRDS: OF CosTa RICA. 735 feet in length, large in the centre and decreasing in size toward each end; the entrance is on the side at the largest diameter, where the nest proper is placed, this is very perfect in form; the number of eggs invariably laid was two. The eggs appear small for the size of the bird; they measure, axis, 13/16 in., diameter, 10/16 in.; the ground color is of a dull pale reddish-white, marked for half the length with dull reddish-brown, lighter at the end, which gives the appearance of a confused broad belt just back of the broadest diameter; the smaller end is irregularly spotted and streaked with the same color.” 507. Copurus leuconotus Lafresnaye. Copurus leuconotus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool. 1842, 335.— LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 110 (San José and Pacuare [J. Carmiol]). — FRANT- zius, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 306 (Turrialba). — SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 51 (Tucurriqui [Arcé], San José [Carmiol]). — SALVIN and Gop- MAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1888, 4.— RIDGWAy, Birds N. and Mid. Am., IV, 1907, 351 (southern Honduras to Cayenne;— Costa Rica: Rio Frio, Talamanca, Jiménez, Pacuare, Tucurriqui, Turrialba, Carrillo, Bonilla, and San José). U. S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeled6n). ‘Bangs Collection: Carrillo (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Guacimo and Sarapiqui. Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford); Guacimo, Rio Sicsola, El Hogar (Carriker). Twelve skins. This curious little flycatcher is confined almost entirely to the Caribbean slope, from near sea-level up to about 2,000 feet in comparative abundance, occasionally straggling to higher altitudes. Lawrence records a bird from San José, but I think this a very doubtful record, some mistake having been made in the labelling of the specimen. The birds frequent the edge of clearings, open woodland, and the edges of streams. They are always to be seen around the new clearings on the banana-plantations, where many broken off stubs are left, containing old woodpecker holes, in which this bird builds its nest. I noted many such nests, but always in an old stub so slender and rotten that to climb it was an impossibility. The birds are always seen in pairs, usually perched on some broken stump or limb, and catch their food on the wing like Tyrannus and Myzarchus. 736 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Family OXYRUNCID-. 508. Oxyruncus cristatus frater (Sclater and Salvin). Ly Oxyrhynchus flammiceps (not of Temminck) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 106 (San José [Frantzius]). — FRANTzIUs, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 304 (Orési). Oxyrhamphus fratey SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1868, 326 (Calovevora, Panama); Exotic Ornith., pt. IX, pl. 66 (2 figs.).— SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 281 (Costa Rica [Carmiol]). — SaLvin and Gopmav, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1888, 2 (Costa Rican references). Oxyruncus cristatus frater R1ipDGWAy, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 334 (Panama and Costa Rica: San Carlos, Bonilla, Buena Vista, Orési, San José). U. S. Nat. Museum: Santa Maria de Dota (Basulto). Bangs Collection: San Carlos, La Vijagua (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui. 1 This is a very rare bird in Costa Rica, and not enough specimens have : been taken to satisfactorily determine its range. With the exception of the one record from San José and the one from the Dota Mountains, all specimens have been taken on the Caribbean watershed from 1,000 feet up to 3,000 feet. Since it is a bird found only in the humid forests I judge. that it is very rare on the Pacific slope, or wanting, except in the Dota Mountains and the Cerro de Santa Maria, where conditions are very simi- lar to those on the Caribbean watershed. Family MIMID/AE. 509. Dumetella carolinensis (Linnzus). Muscicapa carolinensis LINN4US, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 328 (Virginia; based on the Catbird, Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, I, 66, pl. 66). Galeoscoptes carolinensis CABANIS, Mus. Hein., I, 1850, 82.— RipGway, Birds N. and Middle Amer., IV, 1907, 218 (temperate North America in general, southward in winter through southern U. S., the Lesser Antilles, eastern Mexico and Central America to Panama). Dumetella S. D. W., A. O. U. Comm., Auk, XXV, 1908, 385. C. H. Lankester Collection: Guacimo, January, 1905, and Sept. I1, 1905. I am not able to find any published record of the taking of the Catbird in Costa Rica. The first record of which I have any knowledge is the taking of two specimens by myself at Cauita, on the Caribbean coast, Feb. 15, 1904. Both were males. These skins were lost, together with — all others collected at that point. The only other specimen taken was — the one recorded above as taken by Mr. Lankester at Guacimo. I saw — several birds at El Hogar during the winter of 1906-7, but did not shoot CARRIKER: List of THE Brrps oF CosTA RIcA; TSH them. I think that the bird is a regular winter visitor to the eastern coast, but does not go far inland, and for that reason has not been taken before. 510. Mimus gilvus columbianus (Cabanis). Mimus columbianus CABANIS, Mus. Hein., I, 1851, 82 (Colombia and Venezuela). Mimus gracilis CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1860, 410 (Costa Rica, one specimen [Hoffmann]). — LAWRENCE (not of Cabanis), Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 92 (Costa Rica). Mimus gilvus R1ipGway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XI, 1888, 544 (El Zarcéro, Costa ica, alt. 7000 feet; critical); XIV, mor, 473 (do.). Mimus gilvus columbianus RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 236 (Colombia to Costa Rica: El Zarcéro). A single immature specimen of this bird was taken by Hoffmann and recorded by Cabanis (Jour. fur Orn., 1860, 411), who called it gracilis. In addition to this bird we have a specimen recorded by Mr. Ridgway from El Zarcéro. It certainly is not a regular bird in Costa Rica, probably only straggling so far north at intervals. If it were a breeding bird of regular occurrence on the central plateau region, it would certainly have been taken by other collectors and in greater numbers. Family TURDIDA. 511. Myadestes melanops Salvin. M yiadestes melanops SALVIN, P. Z.S., 1864 (pub. April, 1865), 580, pl. 36 (Tucur- riqui, Costa Rica [Arcé]; coll. Salvin and Godman). — Batirp, Review Amer. Birds, 1866, 426 (Dota and Rancho Redondo [Carmiol]). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 97 (La Palma [Frantzius], San José [J. Carmioll], Navarro [Cooper]). — FRANTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 266 (Cartago and Orési; habits). — BoucarD, P. Z. S., 1878, 50 (Navarro). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 104 (Naranjo de Cartago, Zarcéro de Alajuéla, Birris de Cartago, Rio Stcio, Rancho Redondo). Myiadectes melanops SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1879, 42 (Volcan de Irazi). — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VI, 1881, 376 (Costa Rica [Van Patten]). Myadestes melanops RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 171 (high- lands of Chiriqui and Costa Rica: Tucurriqui, Dota Mts., Rancho Redondo, La Palma, Navarro, San José, Volcan de Irazi, Barranca, Cervantes). U. S. Nat. Museum: Coliblanco (Ridgway), La Lagunaria de Dota (Ba- sulto). Bangs Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui, Azahar de Cartago, La Vi- jagua (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Vara Blanca. Carnegie Museum: Volcan de Irazt, Carrillo, La Hondura, Ujurrads de Térraba (Carriker). Seven skins. 738 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. This beautiful songster is confined to the highlands, but is generally distributed over the whole of the country above 2,500 feet, even going down as low as 1,200 or 1,500 feet on the Caribbean slope (Carrillo). It seems to be most abundant on the eastern edge of the plateau region and upper Caribbean slope, preferring the cool humid forests to be found in that region. It is a charming songster and much prized by the people of the country as a cage-bird, seeming to thrive well in captivity. The bird is extremely hard to locate in the forest by means of its song, which has decided ventriloquistic qualities. The native name given on account of its beautiful song is “El Rey do los Jilgueros,”’ literally meaning the “King of the Linnets.”’ 512. Planesticus nigrescens (Cabanis). Turdus nigrescens CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1860 (pub. Jan., 1861), 324 (Volcan de Iraza [Hoffmann]; coll. Berlin Mus.). — SCLATER, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 358 (Costa Rica). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 91, Volcan de Irazti [Cooper], Dota [F. Carmiol]). — FRANTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 290 (Volcan-de Irazti). — BOUCARD, P. Z.S., 1878, 50 (Volcan de Irazt, 6,000 to 10,000 feet; descr. nest and eggs). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, 1, 1870; 25, plea: Merula nigrescens ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 104 (Volcan de Irazii). — SEEBOHM, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., V, 1881, 242 (Volcan de Irazt). — Ripcway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 494 (summit Volcan de Irazi [Nutting]). Planesticus nigrescens R1ipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 124 (high mountain summits of Chiriqui, Panama, and Costa Rica: Vols. de Péas, de Irazi, de Turrialba, Dota, Rancho Redondo). U. S. Nat. Museum: Las Vueltas de Dota (Basulto). Bangs Collection: Azahar de Cartago, Volcan de Irazi, and Escazu (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Volcanoes de Irazt, Péas, and Turrialba. Carnegie Museum: Volcanoes de Irazi and Turrialba (Carriker). Five skins. This species is confined entirely to the high mountain-tops, not being taken below 7,000 feet, and is most abundant about 9,000 feet on the high ~ volcanoes. It is one of the commonest birds to be seen around the sum- mits of Irazti and Turrialba just below timber-line, but also frequents in considerable numbers the scrub above timber-line. Its habits and song are strikingly like those of our American Robin, P. migratorius, the song being almost indistinguishable, and to further strengthen the relationship, their nests and eggs are also the same. I found it breeding on the Volcan de Irazti early in April, taking a nest on the 12th containing two CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF COSTA RICA. 739 partly incubated eggs. The nest is constructed largely of grass and mud, and placed in the fork of a tree about twenty feet from the ground. The eggs are pale blue, the same color as those of the American Robin, and measure 35X24 and 34X23 mm. 513. Planesticus plebejus (Cabanis). Turdus plebejus CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1860 (pub. Jan., 1861), 323 (Costa Rica [Frantzius]; coll. Berlin Mus.). — FRANTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 2q0) (Costa. Rica). Turdus plebeius SCLATER, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 358 (Costa Rica). — Law- RENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 91 (Dota, San José, and La Palma [Frant- zius], Grecia and Cervantes [J. Carmiol]). — Boucarp, P. Z. S., 1878, 50 (Navarro). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1879, 17 (Volean de Irazii [Rogers]). — SEEBOHM, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., V, 1881, Pi Merula plebeta RipGWwaAy, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 494 (Irazt [Nutting]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 104 (Zarcéro de Alajuéla, Volcan de Irazi). Planesticus plebejus RipGwWAy, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 122 (high- lands of Panama and Costa Rica: San José, Vols. de Irazt, de Turrialba, de Péas, Navarro, Dota, El Zarcéro, Barranca, La Palma de San José, Cervantes, Grecia, Coliblanco). ‘U.S. Nat. Museum: Las Vueltas de Dota (Basulto). Bangs Collection: Volcan de Irazti and San Pedro (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui. Carnegie Museum: Tierra Blanca, Volcan de Irazi, La Hondura, and Ujurras de Térraba (Carriker). Eighteen skins. This thrush is found throughout the highlands of the whole of Costa Rica, between the altitudes of 3,000 and 7,000 feet, but is most abundant on the Caribbean watershed at about 4,000 or 5,000 feet. It is rarely, if ever, taken above 7,000 feet. It inhabits the forest, frequenting the more open parts, where the trees are large and there is not much thick jungle. Its habits are quite like those of P. nigrescens, or P. migratorius. 514. Planesticus grayi casius (Bonaparte). Planesticus casius BONAPARTE, Compt. Rend., XLI, 1855, 657 (Panama; type in Brit. Mus.). Turdus grayi CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1860, 323 (Costa Rica [Frantzius, Hoff- mann, and Ellendorf]). — BAirRD, Review Am. Birds, 1864, 26, part (Costa Rica). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 91 (San José and Barranca [J. Carmiol], Quebrada Honda [Frantzius], Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 290 (Lepanto, Gulf of Nicoya).— Boucarp, P. Z. S., 1878, 50 (San José; crit.; habits; 740 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. descr. nest and eggs). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I 1879, 18, part (Costa Rican references). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 43 (Miravalles). — ALFARO, Paginas Illustrades, I, 1904, 439 (Costa Rica; habits, etc.). Turdus grayii SEEBOHM, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. V, 1881, 219, part. Merula grayi NUTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 386 (La Palma de Ni- coya). — Rmeway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 494 (Irazi [Nutting]);_ A499 (San José [Nutting]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 104 (Cartago, San José, Alajuéla, Las Trojas, Santa Maria de Dota, Zarcéro de Alajuéla, Monte Redondo). — CHERRIE, Auk, VIII, 1891, 274 (San José; habits; song; descr. nest and eggs); Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 3 (Boruca and Buenos Aires). Planesticus grayi casius RIDGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 120 . (southeastern Honduras to Panama; — Costa Rica: San José, Barranca, — Quebrada Honda, Lepanto, Volcan de Miravalles, La Palma de Nicoya, Pigres, Volcan de Irazi, Coliblanco). — BANcs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 304 (Bo- ruca [Underwood]). U.S. Nat. Museum: Guaydbo and San José (Ridgway and Zeledén); Santa Maria de Dota (Basulto). Bangs Collection: San José, Carrillo, Buenos Aires (Underwood). © Carnegie Museum: Juan Vifias, Volcan de Irazt (8,000 ft.), Guapiles, Miravalles (Carriker). Eight skins. This is the common thrush of Costa Rica, ranging over the whole of the country up to at least 8,000 feet, except the lowlands of the Caribbean below 700 feet. It is not common nor a regular resident on the lowlands of the Pacific, but specimens have been taken in several places at near sea-level. On the Caribbean lowlands it was fairly common around Guapiles (800 feet), but with the exception of one or two pairs I never saw it below that point. It reaches its greatest abundance on the central plateau, among the farms and coffee-plantations of that region. Its song is pretty, much resembling that of our Robin, P. migratorius, and like that bird it is found about the houses, gardens, and farms, more than in the less settled districts. I took a nest on the Volcan de Irazt, at an altitude of about 8.000 feet, on April 16, 1902, which contained three badly incubated eggs. The nest is large and bulky, made of moss and mud and lined with roots and grass. It was placed in the thick top of a tree about thirty feet from the ground, and just beside a house. The eggs are pale blue, very thickly speckled, spotted, and blotched with chestnut-rufous, heavier about the larger end, and mixed with a few lilac markings. Measurements: 29.5 X 22: 9320,5.X222) 20 22>. CARRIKER: [LIST“OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. EDS 515. Planesticus obsoletus (Lawrence). Turdus obsoletus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VII, 1862, 470 (Lion Hill, Panama [M’Leannan]); IX, 1868, 91 (Cervantes, April, 1867 [J. Carmiol]). — FRANT- zius, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 290 (Orési and Volcan de Péas). — SALvVIN, Ibis, 1869, 312 (critical). — BoucarpD, P. Z. S., 1878, 50 (Juan Viifias, one speci- men). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1879, 19 (Costa Rican references). — SEEBOHM, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., V, 1881, 218. Merula obsoleta ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 104 (Zarcéro de Alajuéla, Siquirris, Naranjo de Cartago). Planesticus obsoletus RIDGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 114 (high- lands of Costa Rica to western Ecuador; — Costa Rica: Cervantes, Orési, Volcan de Péas, Guapiles, El Zarcéro, Tuis). Bangs Collection: Juan Vifias (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Guapiles, # (Carriker & Crawford); Juan Vifias, eee) 2 se(Carriker). This is one of the rarest, if not the rarest, of the Costa Rican thrushes. It is confined to the Caribbean slope, ranging between 1,000 and 4,000 feet, but seems to be most abundant at about 3,000 feet. It is found only in the heavy forest, and all three of the birds which I secured were taken low down, one being flushed from the ground. 516. Planesticus tristis leucauchen (Sclater). Turdus leucauchen SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1858, 447 (Guatemala). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 91, part (Navarro [Cooper]). — FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 290, part (Costa Rica). — BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 50 (Ordsi). Planesticus tristis leucauchen RIDGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 111 (northern and Central Guatemala to central Costa Rica (Santa Maria)). U.S. Nat. Museum: Santa Maria de Dota (Basulto); Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeledén). Bangs Collection: Tenorio and La Vijagua (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Volcan de Irazi and Miravalles (Carriker). Three skins. The distribution of this and the succeeding form is rather a complicated matter, for both birds are found together in several localities. I suppose that this is due to the narrowing of the continental divide, where the two forms, naturally inhabiting each slope, come together in the highlands, but it seems to be always the eastern form which encroaches upon the range of the western. For example, eastern birds are found at Santa Maria de Dota, Miravalles, and Tenorio, all of which localities are decid- edly on the western slope of the continental divide. Some of the birds from Tenorio also show decided signs of intergradation, as if the birds 742 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. interbred there. At all events more material is necessary to satisfactorily settle the exact status of these two birds in Costa Rica. Both races of P. tristis have about the same habits, inhabiting the heavy forest, much like P. obsoletus and plebejus, and seem to be rare, except in a few localities. 517. Planesticus tristis cnephosa (Bangs). Turdus leucauchen BAIRD, Review of Am. Birds, 1864, 24, part (Dota Mts., Costa Rica). — LAwRENcE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 91, part (Navarro ! [Cooper], Dota Mts. [F. Carmiol]). Turdus tristis UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 432 (Volcan de Miravalles). Turdus tristis SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1879, 15, part (Dota Mts. and Navarro, Costa Rica). — SEEBOHM, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., V, 1881, 211, part (Costa Rica). Merula tristis ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 104 (Santa Maria de Dota and Pézo Azil de Pirris). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, £803,02. (Borica): Merula leucauchen cnephosa BANGS, Proc. N. Eng. Zool. Club, III, 1902, 92 (Chiriqufi). Planesticus tristis cnephosa RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 110 (Pacific slope of Central America; Costa Rica: Barranca, Dota, Santa Maria, Navarro !). — Bancs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 330 (Boruca, large series [Under- wood]). U. S. Nat. Museum: El Copey and Santa Maria de Dota (Basulto). Bangs Collection: El General de Térraba and Alajuéla (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Miravalles. Carnegie Museum: Boruca (Carriker). Two skins. According to Mr. Ridgway, this race of P. tristis is confined to the Pacific slope, and all the specimens which I have seen confirm that state- ment. Underwood took a series of forty-four skins in the Boruca region in 1906, but I found it very scarce there the following year, evidently with good reason. It is very probable that in the extreme northwestern part of the country, the eastern race is found in company with the western, the divide there being so low that the birds pass back and forth. 518. Zeledonia coronata Ridgway. Zeledonia coronata R1ipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XI, 1889, 538 (Volcan de Péas, Costa Rica, Nov. 23, 1888 [Alfaro]; coll. U.S. Nat. Mus.). — Pycrart, 1 Tn “ Birds of N. and Middle America,’’ Mr. Ridgway places the locality, Na- varro, under this subspecies, which was probably done in ignorance of the true location of that place. It is near the Reventazoén River below Cartago, and de- cidedly on the Caribbean slope, so that specimens of P. iristis taken there would undoubtedly be the eastern form, P. t. leucauchen. CARRIKER: LIst OF THE) BIRDS OF CosTA RICA; 743 Ibis, 1905, 1-24, pls. t and 2 (on systematic position). — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 71 (high mountain peaks of Chiriqui and Costa Rica: Volcan de Péas and Volcan de Irazi). — BANGs, Proc. N. Eng. Zool. Club, IV, 1908, 28 (Volcan de Irazi [Underwood]; large series of specimens). Zeledonia insperata CHERRIE (MS. name) RIDGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 72 (footnote). — BANGs, Proc. N. Eng. Zool. Club, IV, 1908, 28, in text (crit.). Fleming Collection: Escazi and Volcan de Irazi (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Volcan de Irazi, La Hondura, Ujurras de Térraba, and Volcan de Turrialba (Carriker). Six skins. Found wherever there are heavy, humid forests above an altitude of 5,000 feet, but it is most abundant on the higher peaks, at an elevation of from 8,000 to 10,000 feet. (For description of habits, song, etc., see in- troduction, page 332.) 519. Hylocichla fuscescens fuscescens (Stephens). Turdus fuscescens STEPHENS, Gen. Zool., X, i, 1817, 182 (based on Turdus mus- telinus Wilson, not of Gmelin). — (?) CHERRIE, Auk, VII, 1890, 337 (San José, Costa Rica, Oct. 14, 1889). Hylocichla fuscescens RipGwAy, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, 166. Hylocichla fuscescens fuscescens RIDGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 64 (eastern North American, wintering in Cuba and coast of Yucatan and from Costa Rica and Panama to Colombia, Guiana, and Brazil; — Costa Rica: San José, October). Carnegie Museum: Rio Sicsola, Oct. 10, 1904 (Carriker). One skin. This is probably the rarest of the thrushes wintering in Costa Rica, there being but one other record known, besides that of the @ taken by myself,in the lowlands of Talamanca. 520. MHylocichla aliciz alicie (Baird). Turdus alicie BAIRD, Birds N. Amer., 1858, 217. — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 91 (San José [Frantzius]). — BAIRD, Rev. Am. Birds, 1864, 21 (San José [Frantzius]). — FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 289 (Costa Rica). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1879, 12 (Costa Rican references). Hylocichla alicie RipGway, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1869, 127, in text; Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 59 (eastern and northern North America, south in winter to West Indies, lower Central America, and northern South America; — Costa Rica: San José, etc.). Fleming Collection: Azahar de Cartago (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Rio Sicsola, Oct. 7, 1904 (Carriker). One skin. Evidently very rare in Costa Rica, but few records being known. It is also found in both the lowlands and the highlands. 744 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 521. Hylocichla ustulata swainsoni (Cabanis). Turdus swainsonii CABANIS, Fauna Per., 1845-46, 187. — LAWRENCE, An a Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 91 (Barranca, Frailes, and Cervantes [J. Carmiol]). 3 FRANTZzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 289 (Costa Rica). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1879, 10 (Costa Rican references). Turdus ustulatus UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 432 (Miravalles). Turdus ustulatus swainsonii CHERRIE, Auk, VII, 1890, 337 (San José, Nov. 7, 1887 [Alfaro]). . Hylocichla ustulata swainsonit RrpGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, — 55 (North America in general, south in winter over whole of Mexico and q Central America to Peru). — Bancs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 304 (Boruca and — El Pézo de Térraba [Underwood]). U.S. Nat. Museum: Bonilla, April, 1908 (Ridgway and Zeled6én); Coli- — blanco, April, 1905 (Ridgway); Santa Maria de Dota, April, 1908 — (Basulto). Bangs Collection: Cerro de Santa Maria, Dec.; San José (Underwood). — Carnegie Museum: Volcan de Irazt, April 15, 1902; Tierra Blanca, April II, 1902; Rio Sicsola, Oct. 7 and 8, 1904; La Hondura, Sept. 27, 1905 (Carriker). Six skins. , | A common winter visitor in Costa Rica, and found in the lowlands as : well as the highlands. They are usually taken in the thick forest. 522. Hylocichla mustelina (Gmelin). Turdus mustelinus GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, pt. 2, 1788, 817 (New York). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 432 (Miravalles, one specimen). Hylocichla mustelina RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, 166; Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 35 (eastern North America, south in winter through eastern Mexico and Central America to Costa Rica: Miravalles). C. H. Lankester Collection: Tuis, Feb. 6, 1907. Carnegie Museum: Peralta, Nov. 9, 1907 (Carriker). One skin. The first and only published record we have for the Wood Thrush in Costa Rica is that cited above, by Underwood, who took one bird at Mira- valles, probably in 1895. The bird taken by myself at Peralta was in the thick jungle, feeding on the ground, whence it was flushed, alighting on a low limb. I saw no others. 523. Catharus gracilirostris gracilirostris Salvin. Catharus gracilirostris SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1864, 580 (Volcan de Irazi [Arcé]); 1866, 69 (Volcan de Irazi). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 90 (‘‘San Mateo’’ (?) [J. Cooper]). — FRantzius, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 289 (Costa Rica). — Boucarp, P. Z. S., 1878, 50 (Volcan de Irazi). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1879, 6, pl. 1, fig. r (Volcan de Iraza [Rogers]). — SEEBOHM, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., V, 1881, 292 (no specimens in ) Brit. Mus:): CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF COSTA RICA. 745 Catharus gracilirostris graciliostvis RipGWAyY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 32 (high mountains of Costa Rica: Rancho Redondo, Volcan de Péas, Volcan de Irazit, Volcan de Turrialba, Rancho de Rio Jiménez, San Mateo '). U. S. Nat. Museum: Las Vueltas de Dota (Basulto). Bangs Collection: Volcan de Iraztii (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Volcan de Irazti, Volcan de Turrialba, Ujuras de Térraba (Carriker). Eleven skins. This aberrant Catharus is found only in the very high mountains of Costa Rica from 7,000 to 10,000 feet above sea-level, wherever there are dense, humid forests. Although their natural abode is in the forest, they seem to have adapted themselves to the changed conditions on many parts of the Volcanoes Irazii and Turrialba, where the forest has been removed to make pastures, but where some of the trees have been left scattered about. Here the birds may be seen hopping over the short grass, or perched on the top of a stump or low limb of a tree. They have a very sweet song, though rather weak, and as a rule do not sing except at the beginning of the breeding season. I found them breeding very abundantly on the Volcan de Irazt, be- ginning about the middle of April. Six nests were found between April 16 and 18, 1902, all containing two eggs, of which some were fresh and others slightly incubated. This species also builds its nest almost en- tirely of moss, and entirely out of proportion to the size of the bird, it being usually about six inches in diameter each way, and with a very small cavity in the top, lined with hairs and rootlets. Almost without exception the nests were placed in a low shrub (about three to six feet from the ground) in a thicket beside a road or on the edge of the forest, but never within the thick forest itself. The eggs are ‘‘robin’s-egg”’ blue, more or less thickly speckled and dotted with reddish-brown or deep chestnut, usually with a heavier wreath or cap of this color at the larger end, although rarely speckled evenly over the entire surface. Measure- ments: 20.5 to 23X15 to 16 mm. 524. Catharus griseiceps Salvin. Catharus griseiceps SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1866, 68, 69 (Santa Fé de Veragua; coll. Salvin and Godman). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1870, 6, pl. 1, fig. 2 (Panama). — SEEBOHM, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., V, 1881, 287 (Panama).— RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 32 (Panama). — Bancs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 304 (Boruca, Paso Real, and Barranca de Tér- raba [Underwood]). ' This locality is without question an error. San Mateo has an altitude of only about 1,500 ft., while this bird is rarely taken below 7,000 ft. 746 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Bangs Collection: El General de Térraba (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Boruca (Carriker). Four skins. Mr. Underwood was the first collector to add this Panaman thrush to the Costa Rican ornis, taking it at Boruca in April, 1906. It is rather peculiar that Mr. Cherrie did not take it there in 1890-1, but he probably mistook the song for that of C. melpomene, which it greatly resembles, and since they are so exceedingly shy, he did not bother to search for them. I found them fairly common in the second-growth scrub around Boruca but very rare at Buenos Aires. They were singing a great deal still (in July), and it was only by hearing the song that the birds could ever be located, and even then not more than one bird out of six would be secured, so wary were they. 525. Catharus melpomene costaricensis Hellmayr. Catharus melpomene (not Turdus melpomene Cabanis) CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1860, 322 (Costa Rica [Frantzius, Hoffmann, and Ellendorf]).— BaAtrp, Rev. Am.-Birds, 1864, 7 (San José). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 90 (Quebrada Honda [Frantzius], San José [J. Carmiol], Grecia [F. Carmiol]). — FRANTzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 289 (over the whole table-land of San José; breeds in April). — Boucarp, P. Z. S., 1878, 50 (San José and Car- tago; habits and song). —SALVIN and GopMman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1879, 2, part (Volcan de Irazi). — SEEBOHM, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., V, 1881, 288 (no Costa Rican records). — CHERRIE, Auk, VIII, 1891, 272 (San José; habits, breeding, song); Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 186%, 517 (sam José; critical). Catharus melpomene costavicensis HELLMAYR, Jour. fiir Orn., 1902, 45 (Costa Rica; coll. von Berlepsch). — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV,. 1907, 31 (lower slopes of the mountains of Costa Rica: Grecia, San José, Cartago, Navarro, Quebrada Honda, Monte Redondo). Bangs Collection: Escazu, Carrillo, Azahar de Cartago (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: San Vicente. Carnegie Museum: Juan Vifas and Tierra Blanca (Carriker); San Pedro de San José (Underwood). Three skins. This thrush is found over the whole of the lower plateau region, but does not go below about 3,000 feet on the eastern side and probably to about 2,000 on the Pacific slope. It is abundant in the valleys of San José and Cartago, but more especially on the San José side of the divide. The birds are very shy and retiring and are rarely seen by the ordinary observer, but always make their presence known by their sweet song at the beginning of the breeding season. Mr. Cherrie has given a very complete account of the habits and breeding of this bird, to which I can add nothing (Auk, 1SOL; 272). CARRIKER: [oIst OF THE Birps: OF Costa RICA. 747 526. Catharus frantzii frantzii Cabanis. Catharus franizii CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1860, 323 (Volcan de Irazt, Costa Rica [Frantzius]). — Bartrp, Rev. Am. Birds, 1864, 9 (Costa Rica). — SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1866, 69, part (Costa Rica). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 90 (San José [Frantzius], Rancho Redondo [F. Carmiol]). — FRANT- zius, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 289 (Potrero Cerrado, La Palma). — BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 50 (Navarro). — RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 494 (Irazti [Nutting]). — SaLvIn and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1878, 4 (Costa Rican references). — SEEBOHM, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., V, 1881, 290 (Costa Rica). — ZELEDON, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VIII, 1885, 104 (Costa Rica); An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 104 (Voican de Irazit). Catharus franizit frantzit RipGWAy, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 28 (Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama, and Costa Rica: Volcanoes de Irazti and Tur- rialba, La Estrella de Cartago, San José, La Palma de San José, Rancho Redondo, Potrero, Cerrado, Navarro). U.S. Nat. Museum: Coliblanco (Ridgway and Zeledén); Barba (Alfaro) ; El Copey, La Lagunaria, Las Vueltas and Santa Maria de Dota (Ba- sulto). Bangs Collection: Azahar de Cartago, Escazti, La Hondura (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Vara Blanca de Sarapiqul. Carnegie Museum: Volcan de Irazti, Ujurras de Térraba (Carriker). Three skins. This species is found a little higher up than the succeeding, although their ranges overlap for a short distance. It seems to be present over the whole of the higher portions of the country, wherever an altitude of about 6,000 feet is reached, although specimens have been taken as low down as 5,000 feet, but it does not reach timber-line on the high volcanoes, being very rarely seen in company with C. gracilirostris, which occupies a still higher range. They are not common anywhere, and only an occasional bird is picked up, although they may be more abundant than appears on account of their extreme shyness. They are silent, solitary, and seek out the dark cool ravines in the heavy forest. I took two nests on the Volcan de Irazu, April 13 and 14, 1902, each containing two eggs, one set being quite fresh and the other slightly incubated. The nest, like that of C- mexicanus fumosus, is made entirely of green moss, but lined with fine grass and rootlets. It is very large and bulky for the size of the bird, but the cavity of the nest issmall. They were both placed on sprays of bamboo hanging over the side of a deep ravine, and about seven feet from the ground. The eggs are pale blue, thickly speckled and blotched with cin- namon-rufous and lilac, thickest about the larger end, in one egg forming a cap of rufous and lilac. Measurements: 24.5 to 25.518 to 19 mm. 748 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 527. Catharus fuscater hellmayri Berlepsch. Catharus fuscater (not Myioturdus fuscater Lafresnaye) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 90 (Cervantes [Frantzius]). — FRANTzIUs, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 289 (Costa Rica).—SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1879, 5, part (Costa Rican references). — SEEBOHM, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., V. 1881, 285, part (no Costa Rican record). — RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., IV, 1881, 333 (La Palma, Costa Rica; descr., critical). — ZELE- DON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 104 (Jiménez and Rio Sicio). Catharus fuscater hellmayri BERLEPSCH, Orn. Monatsber., X, 1902, 69 (Chiriqui, Panama; coll. Berlepsch). — RripGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 24 (highlands of Costa Rica and Chiriqui;—— Costa Rica: Cervantes, La Palma de San José, Coliblanco, Pascua (not “‘ Cuscua’’). | U.S. Nat. Museum: Rio Sticio (Cooper); Santa Maria de Dota (Basulto). Bangs Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui, Carrillo, Tenorio (Under- % ; _—= wood). Carnegie Museum: Volcan de Irazti; La Hondura, Juan Vinas (Carriker) ; fourteen specimens; Cariblanco de Sarapiqui( Underwood). Six speci- mens. This Catharus occupies the higher portions of the range of C. mexicanus fumosus, mingling with that species to some extent, but while mexicanus is most abundant at about 2,000 feet, this bird is commonest at about 4,000 feet. Its range is the same as that of the following species, except that it is also found in small numbers in the Dota Mountains, and extends down the Caribbean slope the whole length of the country. Like mex1- canus, it is found only in the heavy forest. I secured a nest of this species at Juan Vifias, May 20, 1907, containing two fresh eggs. The female was incubating, and secured when flushed. The nest is not so pretty a structure as that of mexicanus, being constructed of leaves, moss, and weed-stems, and lined with fine weed-fibres and grass. It was placed in a low bush in the heavy forest. The eggs are pale blue, thickly speckled and dotted and blotched over the entire surface with light chestnut-rufous. Measurements: 25X18 mm. 528. Catharus mexicanus fumosus (Ridgway). Malacocychla mexicanus BONAPARTE, Compt. Rend., XLIII, 1856, 998 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Mexico). Catharus mexicanus SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1866, 69 (Tucurriqui [Arcé]). — Law- RENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 90 (Costa Rica [Arcé]; coil. O. Salvin): — FRANTz1us, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 289 (Costa Rica). — SEEBOHM, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., V, 1881, 286, #avt (no Costa Rican specimens). — CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 517 (jiménez, Aug., 1886 [Alfaro]). — SALVIN and GOpDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1879, 6, pari, Pl. 2, fig. f (Costa Rican references). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 432 (Miravalles). CARRIKER: List oF ©THE BIRDS oF CosTA RIcA. 749 Catharus fumosus R1ipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X, 1888, 505 (Costa Rica, Oct. 20, 1884 [Zeledén]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 104 (Jiménez). Catharus mexicanus mexicanus RIDGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 22, part (southern Mexico to Panama; — Costa Rica: Jiménez, Tucurriqui, Irazti, Miravalles, Bonilla, Turrialba). Catharus mexicanus fumosus RipGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 24 (highlands of Costa Rica, precise locality unknown). Bangs Collection: Carrillo, La Vijagua, Cerro de Santa Maria (Under- wood). Fleming Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Volcan de Irazi, Volcan de Turrialba, 2,000 feet, Guacimo, Carrillo (Carriker). Eight specimens. The name Catharus fumosus Ridgway was applied to a slightly imma- ture specimen of an otherwise normal bird of the Costa Rican type of C. mexicanus. The remainder of the Costa Rican specimens examined Mr. Ridgway placed under true C. mexicanus, leaving a supposed subspecies with a range in the middle of the range of the species from which it was separated. However, all Costa Rican birds are very different from true C. mexicanus of Vera Cruz, which fact was overlooked by Mr. Ridgway, _and they must therefore be known under the name Catharus mexicanus fumosus (Ridgway), which name, although not really meant for the birds in question, must nevertheless be used for them. This thrush is found on the Caribbean slope of the northern half of Costa Rica, from 1,000 to about 5,000 feet, and on the Pacific slope in the extreme northwestern portion of the country, probably from the Volcan de Miravalles northward. It is found only in heavy, humid forest, and as a rule seeks out the darkest parts. I found it abundant and breeding on the lower foothills to the north of the Volcan de Turrialba at an altitude of about 2,000 feet. Two nests were taken on April 20, 1903, containing two eggs each, both with incubation just begun. The nest is made almost entirely of green moss, with a few blades of grass in the bottom, and with the inner portion strengthened with rootlets. The lining is composed entirely of skeletonized leaves, which gives a beautiful effect in contrast with the green moss. Both were placed in small palms in the dark forest, about five feet from the ground. The eggs are pinkish-white, very thickly and finely speckled with bright reddish-brown over the entire surface, but heavier at the larger end. Average measurements: 24X18 mm. 750 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Family SYLVIIDZ. 529. Polioptila superciliaris Lawrence. Polioptila superciliaris LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VII, 1861, 304, 322 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.; coll. G. N. Lawrence); IX, 1868, 92 (Angostura, Atiro, Guaitil [j. ‘Carmioll). Polioptila bilineaia (not Culicivoia bilineata Bonaparte ?) SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1879, 52, part (Costa Rican references). — NuT- TING, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 387 (La Palma de Nicoya). — RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 387 (critical). —SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., X, 1885, 452 (Turrialba [Arcé], Puntarenas [O. Salvin]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 105 (Angostura).— CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 3 (Boruca, Térraba, and Buenos Aires).— UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 432 (Miravalles; footnote by O. Salvin). Polioptila superciliaris superciliaris RIDGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904 (Isthmus of Panama to Guatemala).— BAaNncs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 304 (Boruca, El P6zo, Paso Real, and Barranca de Térraba [Underwood.]) Polioptila superciliaris magna RipGway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVI, 1903, 110 (Cartago, Costa Rica; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.); Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 728 (highlands of Costa Rica: Cartago). U.S. Nat. Museum: Pigres (Ridgway), Bonilla (Ridgway, Zeledén, and Alfaro), Pézo Azul de Pirris (Zeledén). Bangs Collection: Bolson, Tenorio, Coralillo, El General, and Buenos Aires de Térraba, Cerro de Santa Maria (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Miravalles. Carnegie Museum: P6ézo Aztl de Pirris, Bagaces, Miravalles, El Pézo de Térraba, Boruca, Buenos Aires, Guacimo, Guapiles, El Hogar (Carriker). Seventeen skins. Nearly all skins of P. s. superciliaris which I have seen from the Carib- bean slope of Costa Rica are slightly different from those of the Pacific, in that they are slightly larger and darker. These differences, are, how- ever, not constant enough to admit of the separation of the eastern bird as a subspecies. I have examined the type of Mr. Ridgway’s P. super- ciliaris magna, and I believe it to be only an unusually large and dark- colored bird of P. s. superciliaris. Its measurements are scarcely greater than those of some specimens of typical superciliaris from the Pacific coast. It may be that with additional material from the eastern slope, those birds will prove to be separable from the form found on the western coast, in which case they will bear the name magna, which Mr. Ridgway gave to the bird from Cartago, and the range of which he gives as the highlands. At present we may say that the bird ranges over the whole of Costa CARRIKER:! List OF THE BiRDS OF COSTA RICA. 751 Rica from near sea-level up to 4,500 or 5,000 feet, being most abundant on the Pacific slope between sea-level and 2,000 feet, and quite rare on the Caribbean slope and in the highlands. They do not frequent the heavy forests, but scattering trees in pastures, shrubbery along river banks, and the borders of the woodland, keeping near to the ground asarule. They are very tame and unsuspecting, allowing a person to approach them very closely without taking alarm. 530. Polioptila bairdi Ridgway. Polioptila albiloris (not of Sclater and Salvin), ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 105 (Liberia and ‘“‘ Cartago’’ (?)). — HELLMAyYR, Tierreich, 18 Lief., 1903, 28, part (Miravalles, Costa Rica). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 432 (Miravalles; footnote, O. Salvin). Polioptila bairdi R1ipGway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVI, 1903, 110 (San Juan del Sur, Nicaragua; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.); Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 726 (western Nicaragua and Costa Rica: Liberia, Volcan de Mira- valles, Cartago ?). Bangs Collection: Bagdaces and Miravalles (Underwood). Three skins. C. H. Lankester Collection: Bagaces. Carnegie Museum: Bebedéro and Ciruélas (Carriker). Four skins. This is a very rare and local form in Costa Rica, occurring only in Gua- nacaste, apparently from the Tempisque Valley northward into Nicaragua, along the Pacific lowlands and foot-hills. This bird is easily distinguished by the absence of the white streak over the eye. Its habits are the same as those of the closely allied form P. superciliarts. Family CINCLID. 531. Cinclus ardesiacus Salvin. Cinclus ardesicaus SALVIN, Ibis, 1867, 121, pl. 2 (Cordillera de Téle, Veragua {[Arcé]; coll. Salvin and Godman). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 92 (Dota Mts. [Zeledén]). —FRANTzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 290 (Dota Mts.). — SALVIN and GopMaN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1879, 45 (Costa Rican references). — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VI, 1881, 319 (Costa Rica and Veragua). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 105 (Santa Maria de Dota). — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 681 (mountains of Chiriqui, Veragua, and Costa Rica: Dota Mountains); Auk, XXIV, 1007,5105 (Costa Ricas crit.). Cinclus mexicanus CHERRIE, Auk, VIII, 1891, 395 (mountains of Costa Rica, common). — RipGway, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 105 (not found in Costa Rica; Crit). U. S. Nat. Museum: Irazi and Laguna de Cartago (Alfaro), San Lucas and La Lagunaria de Dota (Basulto). 152 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Bangs Collection: Carrillo (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Ujurras de Térraba (Carriker). One female. The Costa Rican Dipper is found over the whole of the higher portions of the country, but in small numbers. The lowest point at which I have observed it was in the gorge of the Rio Sticio above Carrillo at an elevation of about 2,000 feet. The bird seems partial to deep gloomy gorges, where it frequents the rocks in the cold mountain torrents. I found one pair on a branch of the Rio Ceibo, high up in the mountains above Ujurras de Térraba, where the stream came tumbling and foaming down through a deep gorge. Their discovery was caused by first finding the nest as I was climbing up a precipitous wall of rock beside a waterfall. It was a rather flat, cup-shaped structure, built almost entirely of moss and placed on a narrow shelf of rock on the brink of the falls. It contained but one partially incubated egg, which was blown, but Jater misplaced, and lost, so that I cannot give its measurements. In color it was plain dull white, of the usual shape and size of the Water Ouzel of the United States. Family TROGLODYTID-. 532. Leucolepis lawrencii (Sclater). Cyphorinus lawrencii J. AWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VIII, 1863, 5 (Lion Hill Station, Panama R.R.; coll. G. N. Lawrence; from Sclater MS.). — SCLATER, and SALVIN, Exotic Orn., pt. III, 1867, 41, pl. 21 (Panama). — SALVIN and GOpMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1880, 75 (Angostura and Valsa, Costa Rica [Carmiol]). — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VI, 1881, 293 (no Costa Rican record). Cyphorhinus lawrenczi LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 92 (Angostura [Carmiol]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 105 (Pacuare and Matina). Leucolepis lawrencii RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 673 (south- eastern Honduras to Isthmus of Panama; — Costa kica: Talamanca, Angos- tura, Valsa, Pacuare, Matina). U.S. Nat. Museum: Bonilla (Ridgway and Zeledén), Reventazén (Car- ranza), San Carlos (Underwood). Bangs Collection: La Vijagua and Carrillo (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: La Florida. Fleming Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Gudapiles and Guacimo (Carriker & Crawford), Cuabre, Rio Sicsola, Carrillo, El Hogar (Carriker). Ten skins. This peculiar wren is confined to the Caribbean lowlands, being found CARRIKER: Mist OF THE BiRDS or Costa RIca. 1538 from sea-level up to about 1,500 feet, over the whole length of the country. It is exclusively an inhabitant of the dense, dark forest, where it keeps close to the ground. The birds are almost always seen in small flocks in company with one or more species of small ant-thrushes (Ramphocenus semitorquatus, Myrmeciza exsul, etc.), and when disturbed set up a con- tinuous chattering of a low guttural nature, all the while hopping about excitedly among the low bushes and the roots of the trees. It has a song which is very fine, almost rivalling that of Henicorhina prostheleuca in its clearness and sweetness. It is not an abundant bird, and may not be met with more than once in a week’s collecting, seeming to travel about in flocks (when not breeding) from one place to another. 533. Microcerculus luscinia Salvin. Microcerculus luscinia SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1866, 69, 71: 1867, 134 (Santa Fé and Santiago de Veragua [Arcé}). — SALVIN and GOpDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Puecul 1550, 77, pl. 5, fle. 4; —— SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus:, VI, 1881, 298 (Veragua and Panama). — RIpGWAy, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 609 (Boruca, Costa Rica; desc. female; crit.), — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 6 (Boruca, one specimen). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 105 (Pacuare). — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 669 (Isthmus of Panama from Panama Railroad to southwestern Costa Rica: Boruca). — BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXII, 1909, 34, an text (crit.). Microcerculus acentetus BANGS, Proc. N. Eng. Zool. Club, III, 1902, 56 (Boquete, Chiriqui [Brown]). Microcerculus daulias RipGWAY, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X, 1888, 508 (Talamanca, Costa Rica [Cooper]; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 105 (Costa Rica). — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 668 (eastern Costa Rica: Pacuare and Talamanca). — BANGs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., X XII, 1909, 34, im text (critical). Microcerculus orpheus RIDGWAY, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XI, 1889, 539 (Pacuare, Costa Rica [Cooper]; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de-G= kf, 1887, 105 (Costa Rica), Bangs Collection: El General de Térraba, four o7’s; La Vijagua, f and 92; Cerro de Santa Maria, two &’s and ?; Tenorio, two 9’s (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Ujurrads de Térraba, @ and @ (Carriker). Mr. Bangs has given a very careful and intelligent discussion of the Cen- tral American species of this genus (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXII, 1909, 34), and after going over his material with him I can arrive at no other conclusion than his, namely, that there is but one form of Microcerculus inhabiting Costa Rica and Panama. As to M. philomela of Guatemala, I am not prepared to give an opinion, not having had the opportunity of Viay! ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. examining any material from that country, but it would not surprise me to find that they are the same as Costa Rican and Panaman birds. I can do no better than to quote a portion of Mr. Bangs’ article in which he sums up the obvious facts in the matter. “(1) Difference of size in Central American specimens of Microcerculus are not great enough or constant enough to be of diagnostic value. (2) Specimens in immature plumage from one locality show a wide range of variation in color and markings (possibly due to the age of the individual, it requiring more than one month to acquire the adult plumage). (3) Specimens in adult plumage, or nearly so, are subject to a slight seasonal variation in color, but apart from this can not be satisfactorily distinguished from such remote places lying in such different faunal areas as northeastern Costa Rica on the one hand and southwestern Costa Rica and Chiriqui on the other.”’ As additional evidence against the probability of differences between the birds of the Caribbean and Pacific slopes, I may cite the fact that the range of the bird (with respect to altitude) is very broad, covering the whole slope from about 1,500 feet up to at least 7,000 feet, so that it would be a very easy matter in many places in Costa Rica for birds from one side of the divide to pass over to the other. For example, the two birds secured at Ujurras were taken within six or eight hundred feet of the crest of the continental divide, which is very narrow at that point, dropping down abruptly on the opposite side into the valley of the Cueng, one of the largest tributaries of the Sicsola, which drains the whole of Talamanca. 534. Salpinctes guttatus Salvin and Godman. Salpinctes guttatus SALVIN and GODMAN, Ibis, 1891, 609 (Volcan de San Miguel, Salvador, 4,000 feet, coll. Salvin and Godman). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 433 (Miravalles, Costa Rica; first record for C. R.). — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 653 (Volcan de San Miguel, Salvador; Volcan de Conchagua, Salvador ?; Volcan de Miravalles, Costa Rica ?). C. H. Lankester Collection: Miravalles. Carnegie Museum: Volcan de Miravalles (Carriker and Lankester). Nine specimens. It has always been suspected by ornithologists in this country that the Rock Wren, occurring in Costa Rica on the Volcan de Miravalles, was different from S. guttatus of Salvador, so that to settle the matter once for all, Mr. Bangs and myself sent a series of skins from Miravalles to the British Museum, where they were carefully compared with the types of CARRIKER: List oF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. 155 S. guttatus. After comparison we were positively informed that there is no difference between the birds from the two localities. Thus far this specigs has been taken in Costa Rica only on the Volcan de Miravalles, at an altitude of about 2,000 feet, where it was first discov- ered by Mr. C. F. Underwood in 1895. It resorts exclusively to the lichen- covered stone-heaps found scattered in abundance over the pastures on the volcano. In habits it is very similar to the common Rock Wren of the Western United States (Salpinctes obsoletus) and it very probably builds its nest in the crevices between the rocks in the same manner as the North American bird. 535. Thryophilus zeledoni Ridgway. Thryophilus zeledonit RIDGWAY, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., I, 1878, 252 (Talamanca, Costa Rica [Zeledén]; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.; ex Lawrence MS.). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1880, 84 (Costa Rican references). — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VI, 1881, 210. — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 105 (Pacuare). — CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 520 (Costa Rica; crit.). — RmpGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 642 (Atlantic lowlands of Nicaragua and Costa Rica: Pacuare and Talamanca). Bangs Collection: One skin, no locality (Underwood?). C. H. Lankester Collection: Cachi. Carnegie Museum: Cuabre and Rio Sicsola de Talamanca, Gudapiles (Carriker). Five specimens. This is one of the rarest of the genus in Costa Rica and has a rather local distribution, being found only in the Caribbean lowlands, from sea- level up to about 1,000 feet. I first found the bird along the Sicsola River, where they frequented the wild-cane brakes and a high tangled grass found only along the river banks, known as ‘‘Gamilote.”’ I never saw it in the forest. I found it also in the vicinity of Guapiles, where two birds were secured in the brush growing alongside the railroad-track. It habits are very similar to those of the following species, to which it is evidently closely related. 536. Thryophilus modestus modestus (Cabanis). 7°99 Native name “ Chinchirigiii. Thryothorus modestus CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1860, 409 (San José and Quebrada ' Honda, C. R. [Hoffmann and Ellendorf]; coll. Berlin Mus.). — Barrp, Rev. Amer. Birds, 1864, 122 (diagnosis). Thryophilus modestus BAIRD, Rev. Amer. Birds, 1864, 131, part (San José). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 92 (San José and Guaitil [J. Carmiol], 756 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. San Mateo [Cooper]). — FRANTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 291 (plains of San José to 5000 feet). — Boucarp, P. Z. S., 1878, 51 (San José, Cartago. and San Mateo). — SALVIN and GopMaAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1880, 83, part (Costa Rican references). — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VI, 1881, 209, part (San José [Boucard]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 105 (Alajuéla, San José, Navarro de Cartago, Cervantes de Cartago, Pé6zo Azil de Pir1is). — RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 494 (Irazt [Nutting], 499 (San José [Nutting]). — CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 520 (Costa Rica; crit.); Auk, VIII, 1891, 275 (San José; habits; -nest- ing); Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 10 (Palmar, Lagarto, Boruca, Dem raba, Buenos Aires). Thryophilus modestus modestus RIDGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 639 (Nicaragua and Costa Rica: San José, San Mateo, Alajuéla, Volcan de Irazi, Guaitil, Palmar, Lagarto, Boruca, Térraba, Navarro de Cartago, Cervantes de Cartago, Pézo Azul de Pirris, and Buenos Aires). — BANGS, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 305 (Boruca, Paso Real, and El Pézo de Térraba [Under- wood]; critical). U.S. Nat. Museum: San José (Cherrie) (Alfaro) (Ridgway), Pézo Azil de Pirris (Zeledén), Alajuéla (Alfaro). Bangs Collection: Rancho Redondo, Coralillo, El General, Buenos Aires (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: San José, Pézo Azul de Pirris, La Hondura, Esparta, Buenos Aires (Carriker). Twelve skins. This is the common Thryophilus of the highlands and Pacific slope, being found on the upper Caribbean slope from 3,000 feet upwards, over the whole of the plateau region, up to about 7,000 feet, and over the whole of the Pacific slope to sea-level. I was surprised to find this species very abundant in the vicinity of Buenos Aires, inhabiting low shrubbery, especially around the borders of the “‘sabanas.’”’ It is not a woodland bird, but wherever found is always in thickets and clumps of low scrubby trees and along the roadsides. They are noisy birds, chattering and scold- ing a great deal, but well out of sight. The song is loud, but not very musical. I have not seen the eggs. Mr. Cherrie gives some interesting notes on the habits of the bird (Auk, 1891, 275). The birds from the Térraba Valley are somewhat intermediate between T. modestus modestus and T. modestus elutus Bangs, of Chiriqui and Panama, but are nearer to true modestus (cf. Bangs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 305). 537. Thryophilus rufalbus castanonotus (Ridgway). Thryothorus rufalbus CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1860, 408 (Costa Rica [Frantzius]). — FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 291 (San José). Thryophilus rufalbus, var. rufalbus BaAtrRD, Rev. Amer. Birds, 1864, 128, part (Costa Rica). CARRIKER'’? “LIST OF THE BIRDS) OF CosTa RICA. 157 Thryophilus rufalbus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 92 (San Mateo [Cooper]). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1880, 82, part (Volcan de Irazti [Rogers], Bebedéro [Arcé]). —SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VI, 1881, 212, part (Costa Rica [Van Patten]). — NutTING, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 390 (La Palma de Nicoya; habits, song). Thryothorus rufalbus castanonotus RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X, 1887, 508 (Angostura, Costa Rica [Zeledén]; type in coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). Thryophilus rufalbus castanonotus ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 105 (Monte Redondo, Alajuéla, and Pézo Azil de Pirris). — RipGway, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. XXIII, 1888, 386, in text (type from ‘‘ Angostura,”’ @ostay Rica), — CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 519 (Costa Rica; crit.); Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891—2, 1893, 10 (Lagarto, four specimens), — Ripeway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 633 (Nicaragua to northern Colombia; — Costa Rica: Angostura, San José, San Mateo, Monte Redondo, Alajuéla, Bebedéro, Volcan de Irazi, Lagarto, Pézo Azul de Pirris, Guaitil, La Palma de Nicoya).— Bancs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 305 (Boruca, Paso Real, and Lagarto de Térraba [Underwood]). U. S. Nat. Museum: Monte Redondo and Alajtiela (Alfaro), Pézo Azul de Pirris, and Sarchi (Underwood). Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia: Miravalles and Bebedéro (Underwood). Bangs Collection: Tenorio, Cerro de Santa Maria, Bolson, Miravalles, and Pézo Azul de Pirris (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Pézo Azul de Pirris, Esparta, Miravalles, Bebedéro (Carriker). Nine skins. The range of the present species covers the whole of the Pacific slope and lowlands from sea-level up to at least 4,500 feet. A single record (the type for the subspecies) comes from Angostura, on the Reventazén River, on the Caribbean slope at about 1,800 feet. This bird was taken by Zele- dén and the locality is without a doubt correct. I believe it is out of the regular range of the bird, however, which is confined to the highlands and Pacific slope. The most of the birds which I met with were found in the forest near a small creek, where the trees were rather open, letting in con- siderable light. Two nests were taken, one at Pézo Azul de Pirris, May II, 1902, containing four fresh eggs; the other at Esparta, June 6, 1907, with four fresh eggs. The nest is almost an exact counterpart of that of T. castaneus costari- censis, being made of grass and rootlets, elbow-shaped, and placed in the fork of a small tree ten feet above the ground. The eggs are pale robin’s- egg blue, unmarked. Measurements: 22 to 23 X15 to 16 mm. 538. Thryophilus pleurostictus ravus Ridgway. Thryothorus pleurostictus (not of Sclater, 1860) BAIRD, Rev. Amer. Birds, 1864, 123, part (Gulf of Nicoya). 758 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Thryophilus pleurostictus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 92 (Gulf of Nicoya, ‘‘ coll. O. Salvin ’’). — FRANTzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 291 (Costa Rica). — BoucarRD, P. Z. S., 1878, 51 (Puntarenas). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1880, 86 (Tempate and Bebedéro [Arcé]). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 433 (Miravalles). Thryophilus pleurostictus ravus RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVI, 1903, 167 (San Juan del Sur, Nicaragua; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.); Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 631 (western Nicaragua and Costa Rica: Tempate, Bebe- déro, Puntarenas, Gulf of Nicoya, and Miravalles). — Bancs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 305 (Barranca de Puntarenas [Underwood]). U.S. Nat. Museum: Santo Domingo de San Mateo (Ridgway), Bahia de Salinas (Alfaro). Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia: Bebedéro and Miravalles (Underwood). Bangs Collection: Bolson, Bagaces, Tenorio, Coralillo, Miravalles (Under- wood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Bebedéro, Mojica, and Miravalles. Carnegie Museum: Bebedéro, Miravalles, Bagaces, Esparta (Carriker). Eleven. skins. | This Thryophilus comes into Costa Rica from the Pacific lowlands of Nicaragua, penetrating as far south as the Rio Grande de TaArcoles on the mainland, and covers practically the whole of the peninsula of Nicoya from sea-level up to 2,000 feet. It seems to prefer the more open scrubby woodland to the heavy forest, although found in both. Its habits are much the same as 7. castaneus costaricensis, except that it is a much in- ferior songster. I found it fairly abundant about Esparta, in a region from which it had hardly been reported before. 539. Thryophilus thoracicus (Salvin). Thryothorus thoracicus SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1864, 580 (Tucurriqui, Costa Rica [Arcé]; coll. Salvin and Godman). Thryophilus thoracicus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., [X, 1868, 93 (Santa Rosa [J. Carmiol], Tucurriqui [Zeledén]).— Boucarp, P. Z. S., 1878, 51 (San Carlos). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1880, 86, pl. 6, figs. I, 2 (Costa Rican references). — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VI, 1881, 215 (Costa Rica). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I., 1887, 105 (Jiménez and Pacuare).— CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 520 (Costa Rica; crit.). — RmpGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 628 (eastern Nicaragua to Isthmus of Panama; — Costa Rica: Rio Frio, Tala- manca, Siquirris, Pacuare, Tuis, Jiménez, Turrialba, Tucurriqui, Santa Rosa, San Carlos, Val, Cervantes). U.S. Nat. Museum: Guaydbo (Ridgway and Zeledén), Turrialba (Zele- dén), Reventazén (Carranza), Buena Vista (Castro and Fernandez). CARRIKER: List OF THE BIRDS OF CosTa RICA. 759 Bangs Collection: La Vijagua and Carrillo (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Miravalles and El Hogar. Fleming Collection: Carrillo and ‘'Pézo Azul de Pirris’? (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Gudapiles and Guacimo (Carriker & Crawford), Guacimo, Cuabre, Rio Sicsola, Carrillo, El Hogar, Miravalles (Carriker). Nineteen skins. This wren has a wide distribution in Costa Rica, but is not common anywhere. It is found over the whole of the Caribbean lowlands and slope up to about 2,000 feet, and on the Pacific slope north of the Gulf of Nicoya (Miravalles). It is very rare on the Pacific side, there being no other records for Guanacaste besides a bird taken at Miravalles by Mr. Lankester. In Mr. Fleming’s collection there is a specimen labelled Pézo Azul (Underwood), but I doubt very much the authenticity of the labelling. Underwood is very careless at times about his labelling, keeping no written record of his collection, so that there is always a question about one of his birds which comes from a doubtful locality, when not substan- tiated by other records. It inhabits the dense thickets and vine-covered jungle rather than more open woodland, and asarule keeps rather higher up in the trees than most of the wrens. It is generally very quiet, does not scold or chatter, and keeps well concealed. Its song is very different from that of the other members of the genus and for a long time I never associated it with this bird, but thought it was the whistling of a trogon (T. caligatus or atri- collis tenellus). It consists of two high-pitched whistling notes and always sounds much farther away than it really is. A nest was secured at Jiménez, May 9, 1905, containing three eggs, very badly incubated, so much so that but one could be preserved. The nest is a dome-shaped structure, made of weed-fibres, moss, and fine grass, and lined with very fine vegetable fibres and a few feathers. It was placed on a horizontal limb of a small tree on the edge of the forest, the limb con- taining the nest projecting out into the open, and about eight feet from the ground. The nest measured in inches about 6.5 outside diameter; 5 outside depth; cavity, about 2.5 in diameter. The eggs are white, with a slight bluish tinge, unmarked. The one remaining egg measures: 19.5 X14 mm. 540. Thryophilus semibadius (Salvin). Thryothorus semibadius SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1870, 181 (Bugaba, Veragua; coll. Salvin and Godman). Thryophilus semibadius SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1880, 760 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 88, pl. 6, fig. 3. — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VI, 1881, 216 (Panama). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 105 (P6zo Azul de Pirris). — CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 520 (Costa Rica; crit.); Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 11 (Palmar, Lagarto, Buenos Aires, Cabagra). — Ripcway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 627 (Veragua and south- western Costa Rica: P6ézo Azil de Pirris, Pézo Pital, Lagarto, Buenos Aires, Palmar, Cabagra).— BANGs, Auk, XXIV, 1907. 305 (Boruca, Paso Real, El Pézo, and Lagarto de Térraba [Underwood]). U.S. Nat. Museum: P6ézo Azul de Pirris (Underwood), Pézo Pital (Cher- rie). Bangs Collection: Pézo Azdl de Pirris and El General de Térraba (Under- wood). Carnegie Museum: Pdézo Azitl de Pirris, El Pézo de Térraba, Boruca, and Buenos Aires (Carriker). Ten skins. This beautiful wren enters Costa Rica from the southward and is found only on the Pacific lowlands as far-up as the valley of the Rio Grande de Pirris, from sea-level up to not more than about 1,500 feet. It is com- monest at lower altitudes, especially along the rivers and small streams, where the birds are fond of hiding away in the low, vine-covered jungle. I found them in the heavy forest also, where undergrowth abounded. Unlike the following species, they are very shy, and are very difficult to shoot; yet, in spite of their timidity, keep up a continuous scolding when anyone is near them. I found one of their nests at Pézo Azul de Pirris, not yet finished, and unfortunately shot the female as she left it, supposing that it contained eggs. It was very similar to the nest of Thryophilus thoracicus (see description under that species). 541. Thryophilus castaneus costaricensis (Sharpe). Thryophilus castaneus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 93 (Pacuare [J. Carmiol], Angostura [F. Carmiol]). — FRANtTz1us, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 291 (Costa Rica). — Boucarp, P. Z. S., 1878, 51 (San Carlos). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1880, 88, part (Tucurriqui [Arcé]). Thryophilus costaricensis SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VI, 1881, 217 (Costa Rica [Boucard]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 105 (Jiménez and Rio Siicio). — CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 519 (Costa Rica; critical). — RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893 (Rio Frio). Thryophilus castaneus costaricensis HELLMAYR, Verh. K. K. Zool. Bot. Gesellsch. Wien, 1901, 767, text. — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 625 (Nicaragua and eastern Costa Rica: Pacuare, Jiménez, Limon, Rio Frio, Talamanca, ‘‘ San José,’ Angostura, Tucurriqui, Rio Stcio). U. S. Nat. Museum: Bonilla and Jiménez (Alfaro), Jiménez (Cherrie) (Verrill), Reventazén (Carranza), Guayabo and Turrialba (Ridgway). Bangs Collection: Carrillo and La Vijagua (Underwood). CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTa RICA. 761 Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford), Carrillo, El Hogar, Guacimo, Cuabre (Carriker). Thirteen skins. This handsome species is found only in the Caribbean lowlands and lower slopes of the Cordillera, from near sea-level up to not more than 2,000 feet, but not at-all commonly above 1,200 feet. It also inhabits the heavy forest, but is not so shy as Henicorhina and does not creep around amongst the fallen trees and rubbish so much as that bird. It is also a fine songster, possessing a strong clear song of sweet liquid notes, but not of such great range as Henicorhina prostheleuca. They are almost always seen in pairs and are fairly abundant in some sections. I found many nests of this bird at Guapiles, Jiménez, El Hogar, and on the Rio Sicsola, all being built of weed-stems, grass, rootlets, and skeletonized leaves, and always entirely lined with soft skeletonized leaves. It is an elbow-shaped structure, usually hung in an upright crotch of some small tree or shrub from five to fifteen feet above the ground, and is usually about ten inches long and with a diameter of three to five inches at the larger end. Two nests taken with fresh eggs were secured at Jiménez, May 9 and 11, and each contained three eggs, which seems to be the full complement for this species. The eggs are pure white, sparingly speckled over the whole surface (more thickly about the larger end) with cinnamon- brown. Measurements of one set: 23X16, 25X16.5 and 24X17 mm. 542. Henicorhina leucophrys collina (Bangs). Heterorhina leucophrys BAIRD, Rev. Amer. Birds, 1864, 118, part (description; San José, Costa Rica). Cyphorhinus leucophrys LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 92 (San José, [Frantzius]). Henicorhina leucophrys SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1870, 181 (Veragua). — BOUCARD, P. Z.S., 1878, 51 (Navarro). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1878, 80, part (Irazi [Rogers]). — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VI, 1881, 288, part (Costa Rican specimens). — RIpDGWaAy, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 494 (Irazi [Nutting]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 105 (Santa Ana, La Palma de San José, Naranjo de Cartago). — CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 518 (Volcan de Péas; critical). — UNDER- woop, Ibis, 1896, 433 (Miravalles, rare). Henicorhina collina BANGS, Proc. N. Eng. Zool. Club, III, 1902, 55 (Boquete, Chiriqui, 6000 ft.). Henicorhina leucophrys collina HELLMAYR, Jour. fiir Orn., 1903, 531. — RIDGWay, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 613 (Chiriqui and Veragua to Costa Rica: San José, Santa Ana, La Palma de San José, Navarro de Cartago, Volcan de Irazi, Volcan de Péas, Volcan de Miravalles, El Achiéte de Péas). 162 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. U.S. Nat. Museum: Volcan de Péas (Ridgway), Jiménez (Alfaro), Burgos de Irazi (Castro), El Roble de Irazi (Cherrie); Azahar, Irazt, Estrella and El Achiéte (de Péas). Bangs Collection: Irazi and “Carrillo.” Carnegie Museum: Volcan de Irazi, La Hondura, Ujurras de Térraba, Volcan de Turrialba, La Estrella de Cartago (Carriker). Eleven skins. This species is restricted to the higher portions of the plateau region and the high mountain peaks up to timber-line, and is rarely taken below 5,000 feet. Like the following form it is found only in the heavy forest, keeping on or near the ground and hiding itself with the greatest dexterity in places where no apparent place of concealment exists. It is also a beautiful songster, but not quite equal to its relative of the lowlands. I secured a nest of this species on the Volcan de Irazt, April 17, 1902, containing two badly incubated eggs. The birds make many false nests, in the same man- ner as the Marsh Wren, placing them in places where they are easily seen, while the real nest is tucked away in some cunningly concealed nook, almost impossible to find. The nest I secured is an elbow-shaped structure about eight inches in length by three and a half in diameter, with the opening underneath at one end, much in the same manner as the nests of Myio- zetetes and Pitangus. It is constructed entirely of black and brown root- lets, with a top covering of green moss, and placed on a spray of bamboo hanging over the side of a deep ravine. The eggs are pure white, un- marked, and measure: 21.5X15 and 22X15 mm. Another nest was taken on April 19, also containing two eggs, with incubation just begun, which was built in precisely the same manner and placed in the same kind of a situation. 543. Henicorhina prostheleuca prostheleuca (Sclater). Scytalopus prostheleuacus SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1856, 290 (Cordova, Mexico). Henicorhina prostheleuca SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VI, 1881, 286, part (San Carlos, Costa Rica [Boucard]). — CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., MV; . SOs 85 TO (crit): Cyphorinus leucostictus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 92 (Angostura and Turrialba [F. Carmiol]). —FRANTZIUs, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869 (Coast Rica). Henicorhina leucosticta BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 51 (San Carlos and Orési). — SALVIN and Gopmav, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1879, 79, part (Costa Rican references). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 105 (Jiménez and Angostura). . o. « : CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF Costa RICA. 763 Henicorhina prostheleuca pittieri RIDGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, part (Panama and Costa Rica: Angostura, Turrialba, Tucurriqui, Jiménez, Siquirris, San Carlos, Ordési, Talamanca). U. S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeledén), Bonilla (Ridg- way), San Carlos (Alfaro), Juan Vifias (Underwood), Revantazén (Carranza), Jiménez (Verrill). Bangs Collection: Tenorio, Cerro de Santa Maria, Juan Vifias, La Vijagua, Carrillo (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford), Juan Vifias, Car- rillo, Rio Sicsola, Cudbre, Miravalles, El Hogar (Carriker). Thirty- seven skins. After carefully comparing a large series of Costa Rican birds of this species with skins from Honduras and Mexico, I find that all birds from northern and eastern Costa Rica are inseparable from true prostheleuca, and that the southern race, H. p. pittiert (Cherrie), is restricted to the extreme southwestern portion of the country, practically the Térraba Valley, whence came the type of the subspecies. I have therefore placed all Costa Rican references under H. p. pros- theleuca, except those referring to birds from the southwestern portion of the country. The range of this form in Costa Rica covers the whole of the Caribbean lowlands and the slopes up to about 3,000 feet, also the Pacific slope from Nicaragua south to the Gulf of Nicoya, at least. It is an inhabitant of the heavy forest, keeping in the thick and tangled underbrush near the ground, and is very shy. The species is one of the most beautiful songsters of the country, some individuals developing a song which is truly remark- able for its sweetness and rhythm, and the liquid purity and diversity of its notes. Although the bird has a wide range it does not seem to be very common in any locality, that is, there are not many individuals in any one place. They are almost invariably seen in pairs, and when disturbed, show remarkable skill in skulking off without being seen by the observer. 544. Henicorhina prostheleuca pittieri (Cherrie). Henicorhina pittiert CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1891-2, 1893, 8 (Boruca, Dec. 16, 1891; coll. Mus. Nac. de Costa Rica; also Térraba [Cherrie]). Henicorhina leucosticta SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., I, 1879, 79, part. Henicorhina prostheleuca SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VI, 1881, 286, part. Henicorhina prostheleuca pittiert RIDGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 612, part (Costa Rica to Isthmus of Panama; — Costa Rica: Térraba and Boruca).— BANGS, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 305 (Boruca, seventeen specimens [Underwood]). 164 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. U.S. Nat. Museum: La Lagunaria de Dota (Basulto). Bangs Collection: Boruca (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Boruca and Ujurras de Térraba (Carriker). Four specimens. In Costa Rica this race of H. prostheleuca is confined to the extreme southwestern portion of the country, probably getting no farther north than the Dota Mountains. Its habits and altitudinal range are the same as those of the preceding species, although I took a specimen (and saw others) at about 7,000 feet elevation in the mountains above Ujurras, in company with H. leucophrys collina, which is rather unusual. One of these birds had developed a very beautiful song and sang several times each day close by our camp, and whenever he started we all stopped work to listen. 545. Thryorchilus browni ridgwayi (Bangs). Thryorchilus ridgwayi BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIX, 1906, 108 (Volcan de Irazt, (o'?), C. F. Underwood, Mar. 4, 1899; coll. E. A.and O. Bangs; Irazi, May, 1905, one specimen [Alfaro]); Proc. N. Eng. Zool. Club, IV, 1908, 30 (Volean de Irazi, four specimens [Underwood]). U.S. Nat. Museum: Volcan de Turrialba, 9,680 feet (Ridgway and Zele- dén), San Juan de Irazti (Alfaro). Bangs Collection: Volcan de Irazt, four specimens (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Volcan de Irazti, one specimen; Volcan de Turrialba, eight specimens (Carriker). This recently discovered and very local race of Thryorchilus browni has been found thus far only on the Volcanoes Irazi and Turrialba. The first specimen was taken on Irazii by Underwood in 1899, but remained unknown in his collection until received by Mr. Bangsin 1905. I secured a single specimen from Irazti in 1902, which also remained undetected in the collection of the Carnegie Museum. In 1907, while collecting on the Volcan de Turrialba, I found the bird very abundant in the scrub just at timber-line and among the low bushes above timber-line, nearly up to the summit of the crater. It is very tame, but keeps hidden away among the bushes and brush- heaps so that it is hard to shoot. It is also found commonly among the bamboos just below timber-line, like 7. brownz on the Volcan de Chiriqui. Under the description of the species Mr. Bangs states that there is no cane (bamboo) on Irazt, but he was evidently wrongly informed on this point, because on the northern and eastern sides of the mountain it is very abun- CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTa RICA. 769 dant, right up to timber-line, so thick in many places as to be almost im- penetrable. Upon a careful comparison of a series of birds from Irazi with a series of T. browni from the Volcan de Chiriqui, I am forced to the conclusion that the two birds are not specifically distinct, the differences between them being entirely too small to be of specific value. 546. Thryorchilus basultoi Ridgway. Thryorchilus basultoti RipGway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXI, 1908, 191 (Las Vueltas, Cordillera de Dota, Costa Rica; adult female; May 21, 1908; Fran- isco Pasulto; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). “Differing from 7. brown and T. brown1 ridgwayi in having the pileum and hindneck and auricular area dark sepia or nearly clove-brown, strongly contrasted with the mummy-brown of back, instead of concolor with the back; superciliary stripe much broader, pure white, white under parts much purer, and white markings much more conspicuous; wing and tail decidedly stronger, but bill much shorter and relatively stouter. Length (skin), 95 mm.; wing, 52; tail, 32.5; exposed culmen, 11.5; tarsus, 22.5; middle toe, 15.” This bird was taken near the summit of the highest portion of the Dota _ Mountains, evidently having the same habits as the preceding species. It is known only from the single type specimen. 547. Troglodytes ochraceus Ridgway. Troglodytes solstitialis SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1880, 102, pari (Costa Rica). — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VI, 1881, 260, part (Costa Rica). Troglodytes ochraceus RipGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., IV, 1882, 334 (Vol. de Iraza, Costa Rica [Cooper]; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 106 (Costa Rica). — OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXVII, 1904, 200 (Vol. de Irazt; crit.). — RmpGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 590 (high mountains of Chiriqui and Costa Rica: Volcan de Irazi). — BANGs, Proc. N. Eng. Zool. Club, IV, 1908, 28 (Volcan de Iraza [Underwood]). U.S. Nat. Museum: Coliblanco (Ridgway), Volcan de Irazti (Cherrie). Bangs Collection: Azahar de Cartago, Volcan de Irazt, and Cariblanco de Sarapiqui (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Volcan de Irazu. Carnegie Museum: Ujurrads de Térraba (Carriker). One skin. This seems to be a very rare species over its whole range, and but few specimens have been taken, Mr. Bangs probably having more than are 766 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. contained in any other collection (about ten skins from Costa Rica and Chiriqui). Most of the birds taken have been collected at high altitudes, in the heavy forests found in those regions. Mr. Bangs has one specimen from Cariblanco de Sarapiqui (2,000 feet),and one was taken at Coliblanco by Mr. Ridgway (5,000 feet). All other skins known from Costa Rica are from much higher altitudes (7,000 to 8,000 feet). The single specimen which I secured at Ujurras de Térraba was taken in. the humid moss-coy- ered forest at about 7,000 feet, right on the top of a cold wind-swept ridge at the summit of the range. Another was shot in the same place but fell down the side of a ravine and could not be found among the mass of vegetation. 548. Troglodytes musculus intermedius (Cabanis). Troglodytes intermedius CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1860, 407 (San José and Que- brada Honda [Hoffmann and Frantzius]; coll. Berlin Mus.). — BAIRD, Rev. Amer. Birds, 1864, 142 (San José). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., [X, 1868, 93 (San José and Barranca [J. Carmiol]). — BoucARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 51 (San José, Cartago, and Juan Vifias). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1880, 100, part (Costa Rican references). — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VI, 1881, 252 (Irazti district [Rogers], Tucurriqui [Arcé], Barranca {Carmiol]). — CHERRIE, Auk, VIII, 1891, 275 (San José; notes on habits and nesting). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 106 (San José, Santa Maria de Dota, Monte Redondo). Troglodytes inquietus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., [X, 1868, 93 (Costa Rica). Troglodytes musculus intermedius OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X XVII, 1904, 205 (San José, Costa Rica; critical). — RmpGwaAy, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 576 (southern Honduras to Costa Rica: San José, Santa Maria de Dota, Barranca, Naranjo, Cartago, Birris, Tucurriqui). U.S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeled6én), Bonilla and Ala- juéla (Alfaro), Juan Vifias (Underwood), Reventaz6én (Carranza), Monte Redondo and Birris (Zeledén), El Copey and Santa Maria de Dota (Basulto). Bangs Collection: Escazi, Pézo Aztl de Pirris, Cerro de Santa Maria, Irazii (Underwood). ; C. H. Lankester Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui, Cachi, and Juan ~ Vifias. Carnegie Museum: Volcan de Irazi, Juan Vifias, Miravalles (Carriker). Five skins. The Costa Rican House Wren is a common bird throughout the whole of the highlands, wherever cultivated lands are found, and extends down into the edge of the lowlands of both the Atlantic and Pacific in small ~ Agrees =? CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF COSTA RICA. 767 numbers. It isa rare bird below 2,000 feet, and extends in abundance up to at least 7,000 feet. It is very similar to the common House Wren of North America (Tvoglodytes a%don) in its habits and song, as well as in the manner of building its nest and the color of the eggs, although the clutches seem to be smaller. I noted two nests of the species, one at Guapiles, July 16, containing three fresh eggs (probably an incomplete set), which was placed in an old woodpecker’s hole twelve feet from the ground, with the usual style of nest; the other was taken at Cairo, June 5, and contained four fresh eggs. This nest was placed in a small hollow stub, open at the top, with a cavity two feet deep. The nest was lined with horse-hair and feathers. 549. Troglodytes musculus inquietus (Baird). Troglodytes inquietus BAIRD, Rev. Amer. Birds, 1864, 143 (Panama Railroad; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.; from ‘‘ Lawrence MS.’’). Troglodytes musculus inquietus OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXVII, 1904, 205 (critical). — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 575 (Isthmus of Panama to southwestern Costa Rica ?). — BANGS, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 304 (Boruca, two o’s [Underwood)]). + ILroglodytes furvus SALVIN,and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1880, ror, part (Panama). Troglodytes striatulus SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VI, 1881, 254, part (Pan- ama). In Mr. Bangs’ collection are two specimens of this form from Boruca, agreeing exactly with Panaman skins, so that there can be no question about including the species in the list of the birds of Costa Rica. Like several other forms, it comes up from Chiriqui, penetrating only into the extreme southwestern portion of the country, probably not beyond the Térraba Valley. Lawrence has recorded the species from Costa Rica upon the authority of Salvin and Godman, as collected by Arcé. I have not included this record because I do not believe it to be authentic, since Arcé did no collecting south of the Gulf of Nicoya in Costa Rica and I am quite sure that the species in question does not get that far north. I have seen a specimen from Pézo Azul de Pirris, a point much farther south than Arcé ever reached, which is typical T. m. intermedius, and it is unlikely that the two races overlap. The bird is evidently rare so far north, for but two specimens were secured by Underwood, while I saw none at all in that region, neither of this form nor of the northern 7. m. intermedius. 550. Pheugopedius hyperythrus (Salvin and Godman). Thryothorus hyperythrus SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1880, QI (Paraiso Station, Panama Railroad; coll. Salvin and Godman). — 768 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., IV, 1881, 334 (Carrillos de Alajuéla, Costa Rica [Cooper]; crit.). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 105 (La Palma de Puntarenas). — CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 521 (Pacific side of Costa Rica; critical); Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1803, m2 (Boruca, Térraba, Buenos Aires). Thryothorus rutilus hyperythrus NUTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 390 (La Palma de Nicoya). Pheugopedius hyperythrus RIDGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 533 (Isthmus of Panama to western Costa Rica: La Palma de Nicoya, Carrillos de Alajuéla, Boruca, Térraba, and Buenos Aires). — BANGs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 304 (Boruca and Paso Real de Térraba [Underwood]). Bangs Collection: Tenorio and Buenos Aires (Underwood). Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia: Bebedéro (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Boruca and Buenos Aires (Carriker). Fourteen specimens. This wren is confined to the Pacific slope and lowlands, and has been taken in widely separated regions, from the extreme southwestern extrem- ity of the country to the Volcan de Tenorio in the north. It has also been taken at two points near sea-level (La Palma de Nicoya and Bebedéro) as well as at a point near Alajuéla (about 3,000 feet). However, it is as rare bird everywhere in Costa Rica outside of the higher portions of the Térraba Valley, where it reaches its greatest abundance in the vicinity of Boruca. It is a bird which inhabits low scrubby woodland or tangled second-growth, and such conditions are certainly to be found in great abundance in the immediate vicinity of Boruca, where it is found all around the very edges of the village. It is usually to be seen in pairs, sometimes four or five together, and is very tame and easily approached asarule. It hasa rather harsh note and scolds and chatters a great deal, but I have never heard it sing. 551. Pheugopedius fasciato-ventris melanogaster (Sharpe). Thryothorus fasciato-ventris SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1870, 180 (Bugaba, Veragua). Thryothorus fasciativentris SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1880, 90, part (San Mateo, Costa Rica). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de Costa Rica, I, 1887, 105 (Pozo Azul de) Pirris), Pheugopedius fasciativentris LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 92 (San Mateo [Cooper]). — FRANTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 291 (Costa Rica). Thryothorus melanogaster SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VI, 1881, 230, pl. 14, fig. 2. — CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 521 (Pézo Azul de Pirris [Zeled6n], San Mateo [Cooper]); Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, II (Palmar, Lagarto, Buenos Aires). — RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, T8or, 523 (descr:). Thryothorus fasciativentvis melanogaster BANGS, Auk, XVIII, 1901, 368 (Divala. Chiriqui). CARRIKER: Just: OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. 769 Pheugopedius fasciato-ventris melanogaster RIDGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 532 (Veragua and Chiriqui to Costa Rica: Pézo Azil de Pirris, San Mateo). — Bancs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 304 (Boruca, El Pézo, and Barranca de Térraba [Underwood]). U.S. Nat. Museum: Pézo Azul de Pirris. _ Bangs Collection: Pézo Aziil de Pirris (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Pézo Azitl de Pirris, El Pézo de Térraba, Boruca (Carriker). Fourteen skins. This species is confined to the southwestern Pacific lowlands of Costa Rica, from the Rio Grande de Tarcoles southward, and from sea-level up to not more than 1,500 feet. It is fairly common in the valley of the Rio Grande de Pirris, and very abundant in the lower portion of the Térraba Valley, only occasional specimens being taken as high as Boruca. Its habitat and habits are about the same as those of the following species. 552. Pheugopedius atrogularis (Salvin). Thryothorus atrogularis SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1864, 580 (Tucurriqui, Costa Rica [Arcé]; coll. Salvin and Godman). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 105 (Pacuare and Jiménez). Thryothorus atrigularis SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1880, oI, pl. 6, fig. 4. — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VI, 1881, 231 (Tucurriqui). Pheugopedius atrogularis LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VIII, 1865, 180 (Grey- town, Nicaragua); IX, 1868, 92 (Tucurriqui [Arcé]; coll. Salvin and Godman) — RipcGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 530 (Nicaragua and Costa Rica: Tucurriqui, Pacuare, and Jiménez). U. S. Nat. Museum: Jimenéz (Alfaro) (Carranza). Bangs Collection: La Vijagua (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Guacimo. Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford), Rio Sicsola, Guapiles, El Hogar (Carriker). Eleven specimens. This handsome species is confined to the lower Caribbean slopes and the lowlands proper, being found from sea-level up to about 2,000 feet over the whole length of the country. It is most abundant below 1,000 feet and especially in the Sicsola Valley, where I found it very common in the wild cane along the streams as well as in the tangled masses of jungle found wherever there are few large trees to keep out the sunlight. Underwood took a good series at La Vijagua, in the extreme northern part of the country, so that it must be fairly common there also. It is a very good songster, although not so good as many other of the Costa Rican wrens. I was unable to find the nest, although the birds were abundant. 770 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 553. Heleodytes zonatus costaricensis (Berlepsch). Campylorhynchus zonatus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 92 (Turrialba and Cervantes [J. Carmiol], Tucurriqui [Zeled6n]). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1880, 68, part (Costa Rican localities and refer- ences). — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VI, 1881, 195, part (Pacuare [Carmiol]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 105 (Jiménez, Turrialba, Cartago, and Naranjo de Cartago). Campylorhynchus zonatus costaricensis BERLEPSCH, Auk, V, 1888, 450 (Costa Rica; coll. Count von Berlepsch). Heleodytes zonatus costaricensis RipGwAy, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 512 (highlands of Costa Rica: ‘‘ Parita,’’ Turrialba, Cervantes, Tucurriqui, Angostura, Cartago, Naranjo de Cartago, Jiménez). U.S. Nat. Museum: Bonilla (Ridgway and Zeledén), Coliblanco (Ridg- way), Jiménez (Alfaro) (Verrill) (Carranza), Guayabal (Underwood). Bangs Collection: Carrillo (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui and Guacimo. Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford), El Hogar (Car- riker). Eleven skins. This /Heleodytes is confined strictly to the Caribbean watershed, from about the middle of the country northward, and from about 600 feet to 4,000 feet elevation. It seems to be most abundant from about 800 to 1,000 feet in the Santa Clara Valley, where it is found in the trees scattered about in the pastures and cultivated lands, also in the more open parts of the forest and along the edges of the streams. _ The birds are usually seen in pairs or smal! bands and like the following species are very noisy, chattering incessantly as they clamber about among the branches or up and down the trunks of the trees. Boucard records this species from San Mateo (Pacific slope, 1,800 feet) but I am certain he refers to the succeeding form, H. c. capistratus, which is an abundant bird in that vicinity, while I have never heard of H. zonatus costaricensis being taken on the western slope, and I have accordingly placed his reference (P. Z. S. 1878, 51) under the species from the western coast. 554. Heleodytes capistratus capistratus (Lesson). Picolapltes capistratus LESSON, Rev. Zool., 1842, 174 (Realejo, Nicaragua). Campylorhynchus capistratus BAIRD, Rey. Amer. Birds, 1864, 104 (Puntarenas, Costa Rica [J. M. Dow]). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 92 (San Mateo ([Cooper]).— FRANTzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869 (Costa Rica). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1880, 64 (Costa Rican refer- ences). — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VI, 1881, 191 (no Costa Rican speci- mens).—NUTTING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 389 (La Palma de Nicoya). % CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF COSTA RICA. Fie b — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 105 (Tarcoles and San Mateo). — RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XI, 1888, 539 (Trojas and San Mateo; critical). — CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 518 (San Mateo [Alfaro], La Palma de Nicoya, and Puntarenas). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 433 (Miravalles and Bagaces). Heleodytes capistratus CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1860, 409 (Costa Rica [Ellen- dorf]). Heleodytes capistratus capistratus RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., ITI, 1904, 504 (Guatemala to Costa Rica: Puntarenas, San Mateo, TA4rcoles, Bebedéro, La Palma de Nicoya, Trojas, and Volcan de Miravalles).— BANGs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 304 (Barranca de Puntarenas [Underwood)]). Campylorhynchus zonatus BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 51 (San Mateo, Costa Rica; habits). U.S. Nat. Museum: Pigres (Zeledén), Bebedéro (Underwood), San Mateo, Trojas (Alfaro). Bangs Collection: Bolson and Coralillo (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Bebedéro and Mojica. Carnegie Museum: Miravalles, Bebedéro, San Mateo, Esparta (Carriker). Eleven skins. a This species in confined to the northwestern portion of the Pacific slope and lowlands, from Pigres and San Mateo northward, and from near sea- level up to about 1,500 feet. It frequents shrubbery, the edges of wood- lands, roadsides, and scattering trees in pastures. It is very tame and easily approached and is always to be seen in small flocks of from three to six or eight. The birds creep around on the branches much after the manner of many of the Dendrocolaptide and are very noisy, chattering and scolding almost incessantly. 555. Cistothorus polyglottus lucidus Ridgway. Cistothorus elegans Tyee Cat. Aves de C. R., 1882, 3 (Costa Rica). Cistothorus polyglottus SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1880, 105, part (no C. R. records). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, moo (Costa Rica). Cistothorus polyglottus lucidus RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVI, 1903, 169 (Boquete, Chiriqui, coll. E. A. and O. Bangs); Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 486 (Isthmus of Panama). U. S. Nat. Museum: Azahar de Cartago (Alfaro; from Mus. Nac. de C2 Re im 1905). Bangs Collection: La Estrella de Cartago and Azahar de Cartago (Under- wood). Carnegie Museum: Escazu (Carriker). Two specimens. At the time of writing Vol. III of “The Birds of North and Middle diz ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. America,” Mr. Ridgway had seen no specimens of Czstothorus from Costa Rica, hence could not be certain that they were referable to this form. I have compared a large series of Costa Rican skins with the type of C. 1. lucidus from Boquete, and find them exactly the same. The bird is found in only a few places in Costa Rica, but is abundant wherever it occurs. It makes its home in the grassy marshes which are found in the vicinity of La Estrella and Azahar de Cartago at an altitude of about 5,000 feet. It has all the habits of the Marsh Wrens of North America, hence no reference is necessary to them. Family CORVID. 555. Cyanolyca cucullata (Ridgway). Cyanocitta ornata SALVIN, Ibis, 1870, 114 (Costa Rica). — ZELEDON, Cat. Aves desi. R.; 0882, a0: Cyanocorax cucullatus RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VIII, 1885, 23 (Na- varro, Costa Rica, Oct. 30, 1882 [J. Cooper]; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 113 (El Zarcéro de Alajuéla and Rio Stcio). Cyanolyca cucullata SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1887, 127 (Costa Rican references). — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 323 (Isthmus of Panama to Costa Rica: Navarro, Rio Stcio, and El Zarcéro de Alajuéla, etc.). U.S. Nat. Museum: La Lagunaria de Dota (Basulto). Bangs Collection: La Hondura and Cariblanco de Sarapiqui (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui. Carnegie Museum: La Hondura, six specimens (Carriker), Carrillo (Un- derwood). Two specimens. This species is found over the Caribbean slope from about 1,500 up to 4,000 feet, and in some places on the central plateau region at about 4,000 feet. I secured a small series at La Hondura, while in the Carnegie Mu- seum are two skins from Carrillo, collected by Underwood. I do not think the bird is common at so low an altitude as Carrillo, but as a whole its range is lower than that of the succeeding species, though their ranges do overlap to a considerable extent. Like the succeeding species it is confined to the heavy dark forests, and goes about in small flocks, although : it is rather quiet. 556. Cyanolyca argentigula (Lawrence). Cyanocitta argentigula LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., XI, 1875, 88 (Talamanca, Costa Rica; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). — SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1876, 268 (critical). CARRIKER >. LAIST OF: THE’ BIRDS. OF CosTA. RICA. fifhess Cyanocorax argentigula SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., III, 1877, 128 (Tala- manca, Costa Rica). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 113 (Faldas de Volcan de Irazi). — RtpGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XI, 1889, 541 (slopes of Irazt [Zeledén]; descr. adults and young; critical). Cyanolyca argentigula SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, J, 1887, 501, pl. 34 (Costa Rican references). — RIDGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer. III, 1904, 319 (eastern Costa Rica (Talamanca and Volcan de Irazfi) and Chiriqui; Caribbean slope, 7,000 to 9,000 feet). U.S. Nat. Museum: Volcan de Turrialba (Ridgway and Zeledén), Retes (Cooper), Irazi (Zeled6én) (Cooper). Bangs Collection: Slopes of Irazti and La Hondura (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: La Hondura and Volcan de Turrialba (Carriker). Five skins. This jay was described from specimens which were supposed to have come from Talamanca, but if they really did, it must have been from high up in the mountains of the interior, and not from the region generally meant by Talamanca. Farther to the north I secured four specimens of the species at La Hezdura, high up in the upper part of the Rio Sticio valley, at an altitude of about 4,000 feet, and later a single bird on the Volcan de Turrialba at about 8,000 feet. All were shot in the heavy forest, rather high up in the trees, and did not appear to be very shy. I did not hear their note. I should say that the species was confined to the higher portions of nearly the whole of the country, above 4,000 feet. It is not a common bird, however, and not many have been secured by collectors. 557. Cyanocorax affinis zeledoni Ridgway. Cyanocorax affinis SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1887, 504, part (Costa Rica). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 113 (Tal- amanca). Cyanocorax affinis zeledont RIDGWAY, Auk, XVI, 1899, 255 (Talamanca, Costa Rica; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.); Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 304 (Isth- mus of Panama northward to eastern Costa Rica: Talamanca). C. H. Lankester Collection: Banana River. Carnegie Museum: Cuabre de Talamanca (Carriker). Five specimens. This handsome jay is confined to the southeastern portion of Costa Rica, from the Banana River southward, from sea-level up to not more than 800 feet. I found it fairly common along the Sicsola River in the vicinity of Cuadbre, but always in small flocks and very shy and hard to approach. Their note resembles a little that of Psilorhinus, but they are not noisy birds by any means, only uttering a few notes when disturbed, Tee! ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. then slipping quietly away through the tree-tops. I always saw them in the heavy forest, usually rather low down. 558. Psilorhinus mexicanus cyanogenys (Sharpe). Psilorhinus morio CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1861, 83 (Costa Rica [Frantzius]). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 104 (San José and Turrialba [J. Carmiol]).— FRANTzIuS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 304 (Nicoya, Potrero Cerrado, and Turrialba). — BoucarRD, P. Z. S., 1878, 59 (San José). Pica morio (not of Wagler) SCHLEGEL, Mus. Pays-Bas, Coraces, 1867, 44, part (Costa Rica). Psilorhinus mexicanus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1869, 363 (Costa Rica). — SALVIN, Ibis, 1869, 314 (Costa Rica; critical). — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., III, 1877, 140, part (Costa Rica [Van Patten]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 113 (Cartago, Alajuéla, and El Zarcéro de Alajuéla). — Ripeway, Proc..U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 496 (Irazt [Nutting]). — SALVIN and GopMaAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1887, 506, part (Costa Rican refer- ences). — CHERRIE, Auk, IX, 1892, 250 (San José). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 437 (Miravalles). — STONE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1891, 94-96, part (critical; Costa Rica). Psilorhinus cyanogenys SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., III, 1877, 140, pl. 9 (Pearl Bay, Nicaragua). Psilorhinus mexicanus cyanogenys RiIDGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 301 (Central America; Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica). U.S. Nat. Museum: GuayAabo (Ridgway and Zeledén), Bonilla (Ridgway), El Copey and Santa Maria de Dota (Basulto). Bangs Collection: San José (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Guapiles (Carriker and Crawford); Cuabre (Car- riker). Five skins. This is a very common bird throughout the greater portion of Costa Rica, although very rare below 1,000 feet on the Caribbean lowlands. On the Pacific side it is commoner lower down, but seems to be entirely absent from the Térraba Valley, being found only in Nicoya and Guanacaste in small numbers. In the plateau region it is common in all of the cultivated districts, abounding in the pastures, coffee-plantations, and scrubby woodland. It is very noisy and pugnacious, and is a perfect nuisance to the collector, following him about and screaming so loudly that it frightens away all other birds. It is usually seen in small flocks. 559. Calocitta formosa azurea Nelson. Calocitta formosa SALVIN, Ibis, 1870, 114 (Costa Rica [J. Carmiol]). — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., III, 1877, 88, part (no Costa Rican record). — NutT- CARRIKER: List OF THE Brrps or CosTa RICA. 110 TING, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 393 (La Palma de Nicoya). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 113 (Bagaces and Liberia). — SALVIN and GOopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1887, 509, part (no C. R. reord). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 437 (Miravalles). Calocitta formosa azurea NELSON, Auk, XIV, 1897, 55 (Huehuetan, Chiapas, S. E. Mexico; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 296 (southern Mexico to western Costa Rica; chiefly on the Pacific slope, but occurring in southeastern Guatemala). Bangs Collection: Bolson, Miravalles, and Tenorio (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Bebedéro, Miravalles, Bagaces (Carriker). Twenty skins. This is a very abundant bird in some parts of Guanacaste, enough so to make it a nuisance to the collector, like Psilorhinus in the interior. It is restricted to the central and northern portion of Nicoya and Guana- caste, and is most abundant in the hills, although found in smaller numbers in the low country of the Tempisque Valley. It frequents scrubby wood- land and isolated clumps of trees, and is very noisy, the note somewhat resembling that of Psilorhinus, although easily distinguished. Family VIREONID/. 560. Cyclarhis flavipectus subflavescens (Cabanis). Cyclorhis subflavescens CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1860 (pub. May, 1861), 405 (highlands of Costa Rica [Hoffmann and Frantzius]). — SCLATER, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 359 (Costa Rica).— BAIRD, Review Am. Birds, 1866, 388 (Dota, Barranca, and San José [Carmiol]).— LAwRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 97 (San José [Frantzius], Dota [F. Carmiol]). — FRANtzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 295 (San José, Dota [Carmioll). Cyclorhis flavipectus subflavescens SCLATER, Ibis, 1887, 322, in text (Costa Rica). — ALLEN, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., II, 1889, 131, 134 (Costa Rica; diag- nosis). — CHERRIE, Auk, IX, 1892, 23 (San José; song); Proc. U. S. Nat. Mice X1Vo 18or, 520 (Costa. Rica; critical): Cyclorhis flaviventris (not of Lafresnaye) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 97 (Gulf of Nicoya [coll. O. Salvin]). Cyclorhis flavipectus BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 53 (San José). — GapDow, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VIII, 1883, 320, part (Costa Rica). —SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1883, 212, part (Tucurriqui, Bebedéro, and Nicoya [Arcé]; other C. R. references). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 108 (Dota). — SCLATER, Ibis, 1887, 322, part (Costa Rica). — BER- LEPSCH, Ibis, 1888, 85, part (Costa Rica). Cyclarhis flavipectus subflavescens RIDGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 230 (Chiriqui and Costa Rica: Dota, Barranca, San José, Tucurriqui, Bebedéro, Nicoya, Volcan de Irazt). 116 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. U. S. Nat. Museum: San José (Cherrie), Coliblanco (Ridgway), Monte Redondo and Pigres (Zeledén), Santa Maria de Dota (Basulto). Bangs Collection: San José and Volcan de Irazti (Underwood). Field Museum: Volcan de Turrialba, 5,500 feet (Carriker). Carnegie Museum: Esparta (Carriker). One skin. Rather a rare bird in Costa Rica, ranging over the central plateau up to at least 6,000 feet (perhaps higher) and over the Pacific slope down as low as about 1,000 feet. I met with only two birds, but was at once attracted by their beautiful song. The bird shot on the Volcan Turrialba was perched in the top of a rather small tree on the edge of a pasture, well concealed by the leaves, and singing so loudly that I heard it at some dis- tance away, when being struck by it as something new to me I investigated and secured the bird. Mr. Cherrie also mentions this species as a beautiful and tireless songster for about five months in the year (Auk, 1892, 23). 561. Vireolanius pulchellus viridiceps Ridgway. Vireolanius pulchellus SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1883, 210, parl (Veragua). Vireolanius pulchellus viridiceps RIDGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 224 (Veragua to Panama).— BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIX, 109 (P6zo Azil de Pirris, June 10, 1903 [Underwood]; Panaman species, new to Costa Rica). Bangs Collection: El General de Térraba, two specimens (Underwood). This is another of the Panaman species which gets only into the south- western portion of the Pacific lowlands of Costa Rica, probably not much farther north than the Pirris Valley. It is very similar to the bird of the Caribbean lowlands, differing only in having the forehead and the top of the head green, with the blue band across the nape narrower. 562. Vireolanius pulchellus verticalis Ridgway. Vireolanius pulchellus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 97 (Angostura [J. Carmiol]).— Bairp, Review Amer. Birds, 1866, 398 (Angostura [Carmiol]). — FRANTZzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 295 (Costa Rica). — SALVIN and Gop- MAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1883, 210, part (Orési [Carmiol]). Vireolanius pulchellus verticalis RiDGwAy, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VIII, 1885, 24 (Angostura, Costa Rica, June 11, 1864 [J. Carmiol]; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 108 (Costa Rica). — CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 529 (Costa Rica). — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 224 (Nicaragua and Costa Rica: Angostura and Ordsi). U. S. Nat. Museum: Jiménez (Alfaro) (Verrill). a | =i ~] CARRIKER: List OF THE BIRDS:.oFr Costa RICA. Bangs Collection: La Vijagua, two specimens (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: El Hogar (Carriker). Carnegie Museum: El] Hogar, March 18, 1907, & and 9? (Carriker). Next to Vireo pallens, this is the rarest of the Costa Rican vireos. Very few specimens from Costa Rica are in existence, probably not more than ten or a dozen in all. It is confined to the Caribbean lowlands and foot- hills, up to about 1,800 feet. None have been taken higher than Angostura or La Vijagua, both of which places are about 1,500 feet above sea-level. During all the time I spent in the Caribbean lowlands I saw only the three specimens which I secured, getting first one, and on the following day two more, all at nearly the same spot, in the forest, about three miles north of the railroad. They were up in the tops of rather low trees in a partially open place, feeding much like some of the warblers or Euphonias. 563. Pachysylvia viridiflava (Lawrence). Hylophilus viridiflaaus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VII, 1861, 324 (Panama R. R.). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1881, 208, pl. 13, fig. 1 (no Costa Rican record). — CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 16 (Buenos Aires, four specimens; first Costa Rican record). Hylophilus flavipes (not of Lafresnaye) GApow, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VIII, 1883, 212, part (no Costa Rican record). Pachysylvia viridiflava RipGwAy, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 221 (Isth- mus of Panama north to Veragua). — BANGs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 305 (Boruca {Underwood]). U.S. Nat. Museum: Pigres, one ? (Ridgway). Bangs Collection: El General de Térraba and Pé6zo Azitl de Pirris (Under- wood). Carnegie Museum: Pézo Azil de Pirris, Buenos Aires de Térraba (Car- riker). Seven specimens. This Pachysylvia was first taken in Costa Rica by Mr. Cherrie in 1890-1 in the Térraba Valley, but his published record (Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 16) seems to have been entirely overlooked by subsequent writers. It is confined to the southwestern Pacific lowlands of Costa Rica, from sea-level up to about 2,000 feet, and has been taken as far up the coast as Pigres (Ridgway). It was not at all common even as far down as the Pirris River, but in the upper Térraba Valley, especially about Buenos Aires, I found it a fairly common bird in the low scrub around the borders of the “‘sabanas’’ and in the second-growth woodland. It does not seem to inhabit the heavy forest nearly so much as the other two Costa Rican species of the genus. ~ 778 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 564. Pachysylvia ochraceiceps (Sclater). Hylophilus ochraceiceps SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1859, 375 (Playa Vicente, Oaxaca, Mexico). — BAIRD, Review Am. Birds, 1866, 376 (Angostura, June 10, 1864 [J. Carmiol]). — LAwRrENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 97 (Angostura [J. Carmiol]). — FRANTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 295 (Costa Rica). — SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1881, 207 (Costa Rican references). — Gapvbow, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VIII, 1883, 310 (no C. R. specimens). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 108 (Rio Stiicio). — CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 529 (Costa Rica; crit.); Expl) Zoolves C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 16 (Lagarto, Boruca, and Térraba). Pachysylvia ochraceiceps pallidipectus RipGWAy, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 219 (southern Honduras to Chiriqui). — BANGs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 305 (Boruca, Paso Real, Lagarto, El Pézo, and La Barranea de Terra {Underwood]). U.S. Nat. Museum: Pézo Pital (Cherrie). Bangs Collection: Cerro de Santa Maria, El General and Buenos Aires de Térraba, Carrillo, La Vijagua, Tenorio, Pézo Aztl-de Pirris (Under- wood). C. H. Lankester Collection:. El Hogar and Miravalles. Carnegie Museum: Guapiles and Volcan de Turrialba, 2,000 feet (Carriker & Crawford); Pédzo Aztil de Pirris, Miravalles, El Pézo de Térraba, El Hogar, Boruca (Carriker). Nineteen skins. At the time when Mr. Ridgway separated southern specimens of P. ochraceiceps from the northern, under the name of pallidipectus, but very little material was available for comparison; but since that time large series of southern birds have been brought together, and they prove that the differences pointed out by Mr. Ridgway as diagnostic of his pallidi- pectus were only of an individual character, and that the birds from Mexico to Panama are practically alike, at least not sufficiently distinct to be worthy of subspecific separation. The range of Pachysylvia ochraceiceps in Costa Rica covers the whole of the Pacific lowlands and foot-hills up to about 2,000 feet or a little lower, while on the Caribbean side it is found in the lower foot-hills, from about 800 feet upward to about 2,000 feet. It is found only in the heavy forest, and is usually to be seen going about in small bands, in company with several other species, usually some of the small arboreal Formicarude, etc. It is a common bird in the Térraba Valley, but I find no record of its presence in Talamanca. CARRIKER ) Ist OF ‘THE: BIRDS oF CosTA RICA. 779 565. Pachysylvia decurtata (Bonaparte). Sylvicola decurtata BONAPARTE, P. Z. S., 1837, 118. [Pachysylvia| decurtata BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., I, 1850, 309. Hylophilus decurtatus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 97 (Costa Rica; coll. O. Salvin). — Boucarp, P. Z. S., 1878, 53 (San José). — SALVIN and GopMaN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves. I, 1881, 206 (Tucurriqui [Arcé]). — Nut- TING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 391 (La Palma de Nicoya). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 108 (P6ézo Azul de Pirris). — CHERRIE, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geog. Nac. de Costa Rica, VI, 1893, 13 (Rio Naranjo). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 434 (Miravalles). Hylophilus pusillus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 97 (Dota and An- gostura [J. Carmiol]). — BArrp, Review Am. Birds, 1866, 382 (Santa Rosa, Angostura, and Dota [Carmiol]).— FRANtTzius, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 295 (Costa Rica). Pachysylvia decurtata RIDGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 216 (south- ern Mexico, through Central America to Isthmus of Panama). — BANGs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 305 (Boruca and El Pézo [Underwood)]). U.S. Nat. Museum: Guaydabo, Bonilla, and Pigres (Ridgway and Zeledén). Bangs Collection: Bolson, La Vijagua, Tenorio, Coralillo, El General and Buenos Aires de Térraba, Carrillo, Miravalles, Azahar de Cartago, and Pézo Aztil de Pirris (Underwood). C. H. Lankester Collection: Cariblanco and El Hogar. Carnegie Museum: Guapiles and Volcan de Turrialba, 2,000 feet (Carriker & Crawford); Pézo Aztl de Pirris, Miravalles, Bagaces, El Hogar, Guacimo, Rio Sicsola, Bebedéro, El Pézo de Térraba, Boruca, and Buenos Aires (Carriker). Twenty-five skins. This is the most abundant of all the vireos in Costa Rica, although rarely taken above 4,000 feet. It is a common bird throughout the forests of the lowlands of both the Caribbean and Pacific up to 2,000 feet, after which its numbers decrease rapidly. It is found in the heavy forest as well as in open woodland and shrubbery. Although such a common bird and one which I have often collected and observed, I have never found its nest or any nest which I thought might belong to it. 566. Vireo carmioli Baird. Vireo carmioli BAIRD, Review Amer. Birds, 1866, 356 (Dota Mts., Costa Rica, July 27, 1864 [J. Carmiol]). — LAwRENcE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 97 (Dota [J. Carmiol]). — FRANTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 295 (Costa Rica). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1881, 203 (Irazi [Rogers]). Gavow, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VIII, 1883, 303. — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 108 (Costa Rica). — RrpGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 190 (highlands of Chiriqui and Costa Rica: Dota, ‘ Pirris,’’ Volcan de Irazi). 780 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Vireo carmioli ? RiDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VI, 1884, 411 (“ Pirris’” == Birris [Cooper]). Vireo superciliaris “‘ Ridgway, MS.’’ CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 340, im text (“ Pirris " = Birris [Cooper!). U.S. Nat. Museum: Volcan de Turrialba (Ridgway and Zeledén), Coli- blanco (Zeledén), San Juan de Irazti (Ridgway), El Copey and Las Vueltas de Dota (Basulto). Bangs Collection: Volcan de Irazt, Azahar de Cartago, Cachi (Under- wood). Carnegie Museum: Volcan de Irazti, two o’s and one 9 (Carriker). The locality ‘‘Pirris’’ given by both Messrs. Ridgway and Cherrie for the specimen taken by J. Cooper, and which Cherrie described (Ridgway MS.) as Vzreo superciliaris, is undoubtedly an error, and should be Birris de Cartago. Cooper never collected at Pirris, or Pézo Aztl de Pirris, as it is commonly known, but did collect at Birris. It is out of the question to think of getting Vireo carmioli at Pédzo Azul, which is only a short distance above sea-level, for this bird is found only in the higher mountains, probably not occurring below 6,000 feet (except very spar- ingly), and certainly most commonly at about 8,000 to 9,000 feet on the volcanoes. It is an inhabitant of the heavy forest, being found rather low down among the undergrowth and low limbs of the trees, as is usual with vireos. 567. Vireo pallens Salvin. Vireo pallens SALViN, P. Z. S., 1863, 188 (Puntarenas, Costa Rica, and Realejo, Nicaragua [O. Salvin and Capt. J. M. Dow]). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 97 (Puntarenas [Salvin and Dow]). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1881, 202, pl. 12, fig. 2. — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 108 (Costa Rica). — CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 528 (Puntarenas, March 6, 1889 [Cherrie and Alfaro]; critical). — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 194 (western Nicaragua and Costa Rica: Puntarenas). Vireo ochraceus subsp. @, Vireo pallens GADow, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VIII, T8835 4302). U. S. Nat. Museum: Pigres, Feb. 3, «1, and March 2, &@ (Ridgway). This is one of the extremely rare birds of Central America. It was discovered by O. Salvin and Capt. J. M. Dow at Puntarenas, Costa Rica, in 1862, where a single specimen was secured in the mangroves opposite the town on the mainland. Another specimen was taken shortly after by Salvin and Dow at Realejo, Nicaragua, not far from Puntarenas, which is now in the collection of the U. S. National Museum. The bird re- CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BriRDS OF CosTA RICA. 781 mained unknown from that time until 1889, when Messrs. Alfaro and Cherrie took a single specimen at Puntarenas, which specimen I believe is now in the collection of the Museo Nacional de Costa Rica. The only other specimens which have been collected are two males taken by Mr. Ridgway, at Pigres, near Puntarenas, in 1905, making five specimens in all of the species which have thus far been taken, of which four came from Costa Rica. It would seem that this bird, like the rare hummingbird, Agyrtria boucardi, is found only in the mangroves of the Pacific coast of Nicaragua and Costa Rica, but collecting in those places is so difficult that it would be very hard to find them, few collectors caring to spend much time at such a laborious task. 568. Lanivireo flavifrons (Vieillot). Vireo flavifrons VIEILLOT, Ois. Am., I, 7807, 85, pl. 54 (United States).— CaB- ANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1860, 405 (highlands of Costa Rica, Sept. [Hoffmann]). — SALVIN and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, |, 1881, 194 (Costa Rican references; lrazi [Rogers]). — Gapow, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VIII, 1883, 298. — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 108 (San José and ‘ar- coles). — CHERRIE, Auk, VII, 1890, 335 (San José, Oct. 25; seldom met here); IX, 1892, 23 (San José, Oct. 4, 1890; rare bird); Expl. Zool. en C. R.., 1890-1, 1893, Palmar, Boruca, and Buenos Aires; tour specimens, not com- mon). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 434 (Miravalles). Vireosylva flavifrons BAIRD, Rev. Am. Birds, 1866, 346 (Grecia, Dec., San José [Carmiol]; Puntarenas, Mar. 18, 1862 [J. M. Dow]). — Boucarp, P. Z. S., 1878, 53 (San José, Jan., March). Lanivireo flavifrons LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 96 (San José [J. Carmiol]). — FRANTzIUus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 295 (Costa Rica). — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 163 (eastern U. S., breeding trom Maine to Florida; in winter southward through eastern Mexico and Central America to Colombia). U. S. Nat. Museum: Pigres, March, 1905 (Ridgway). C. H. Lankester Collection: Cachi, Nov., 1908. Fleming Collection: Carrillo, Nov. (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Guapiles, Jan. 19, 1904; El Hogar, Dec. 25, 1906 (Carriker). Two skins. The Yellow-throated Vireo is a rare winter visitor, arriving in Costa Rica in about the same numbers as does the Red-eyed Vireo. It has been taken on the lowlands of both coasts as well as in the high- lands of the interior. I suspect that it may be more abundant in the Car- ibbean lowlands than in any other part of the country, although I have no absolute proof to that effect. 782 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 569. Vireosylva josephe costaricensis Ridgway. Vireo josephe (not of Sclater, 1859) SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1881, 194, part (Costa Rican references). — GApDow, Cet. Birds Brit. Mus., VIII, 1883, 297, part (no Costa Rican specimens).—ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de Costa Rica, I, 1887, 108 (Rancho Redondo). Vireosylva josephe BAIRD, Review Am. Birds, 1866, 344 (Barranca [J. Carmiol]). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 96 (Barranca [J. Carmiol], Rancho Redondo, and Dota [F. Carmiol]). — FRANTzIus, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 295 (Costa Rica). — BoucARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 53 (Juan Vifias). Vireosylva gilva var. josephe RipGway, Am. Jour. Sci., IV, 1872, 456, in text, part (Costa Rica). Vireosylva josephe costaricensis RIDGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 159 (highlands of Costa Rica: San José, Dota, Barranca, Rancho Redondo, ete): U.S. Nat. Museum: El Copey and Santa Maria de Dota (Basulto); La Estrella de Cartago (Underwood). Bangs Collection: Puriscal and Volcan de Irazi (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Ujurras de Térraba (Carriker). Four specimens. This resident Vzreosylva is sparingly distributed over the whole of the region above 5,000 feet, inhabiting the forest. It has been taken in the mountains to the east and south of San José, on the Volcan de Irazt, and in the Dota Mountains, while I found it fairly common along the high ridges of the Cordillera de Talamanca above Ujurras, at not less than 6,000 or 7,000 feet. Itis probably not found above 8,000 feet, at least there are no records of its presence above that altitude. 570. Vireosylva philadelphica Cassin. Vireosylva philadelphica CASSIN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V, 1851, 153 (near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; coll. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.). — BArirpD, Review Amer. Birds, 1866, 341 (San José, Jan. 12, 1864 [J. Carmiol]). — LAWRENCE, . Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 96 (San José [J. Carmiol], Grecia, and Dota [F. Carmiol]). — FRANTzIUS, Jour fiir Orn., 1869, 295 (Costa Rica). — BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 53 (San José, several). — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 151 (eastern North America, breeding from Hudson Bay south- ward; in winter over southern U. S. to Central America, Guatemala to Chiriqui and Veragua, there being no Mexican or West Indian records). — Bancs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 305 (Boruca, one o& [Underwood]). Vireo philadelphicus SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1881, 191 (no C. R. record). — Gapow, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VIII, 1883, 296 (no C. R. record). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 108 (Cartago). — CHERRIE, Auk, VII, 1890, 335 (San José; one noted Apr. 23, 1889); IX, 1892, 23 (San José, earliest arrival Oct. 21); Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-5; 15 (Palmar, Lagarto, Boruca, and Térraba).— UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 434 (Miravalles, fairly plentiful). CARRIKER: LIST OF THE BIRDS OF CosTA RICA. 783 U. S. Nat. Museum: Bonilla, April 7, 1905 (Zeledén). Bangs Collection: Tenorio, Feb. 10; Cerro de Santa Maria, Jan. 8, 1908 (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Juan Vifias, March 11, 1902, and April 22, 1907; El Hogar, Nov. 13, 18, 1906 (Carriker). Four skins. The Philadelphia Vireo is evidently more common in Costa Rica in winter than the Red-eyed Vireo. It has been taken on both the Caribbean and Pacific lowlands and on the central plateau. The birds were fairly numer- ous at El Hogar all through November, 1906, at which time there was a large flight of migrants of various species. While there they were always seen in the trees scattered through the pastures not far from the house and among the fruit-trees in the immediate vicinity of the farm buildings. 571. Wireosylva olivacea (Linnzus). Muscicapa olivacea LINN&US, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 327, part. Vireo olivaceus SALVIN and GopMaN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1881, 88 (Costa Rican references). — GAbDow, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VIII, 1883, 294 (Dota Mountains [Carmiol]). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 108 (Costa Rica). — CHERRIE, Auk, VII, 1890, 335 (San José, Oct. 9 to Apr. 20), IX, 1892 (San José; not common anywhere or at any time in Costa Rica); Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 15 (Boruca, two specimens). — UNDER- woop, Ibis, 1896, 434 (Miravalles). Vireosylva olivacea BAIRD, Review Am. Birds, 1866, 333 (San José [Carmiol]). — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 96 (San José [J. Carmiol]). — FRANTZIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 295 (Costa Rica). — BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 53 (San José, Jan. to May). — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 147 (temperate North America in general, wintering through Mexico, Central America, and South America as far as southern Brazil and Bolivia). Phyllomanes olivaceus CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1860, 404 (highlands of Costa Rica [Hoffmann]). U. S. Nat. Museum: Bonilla, April 8-9, 1908 (Basulto); April 7, 1905 (Zeledén); Santa Maria de Dota, May 7, 1908 (Basulto). Fleming Collection: San José, Sept. 28, 1898 (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Carrillo, August 31, 1905; San Sebastian, Oct. 28, 1905 (Carriker). Two skins. The Red-eyed Vireo is a regular winter visitor to Costa Rica, although in small numbers. There are no records of its presence in the lowlands of either the Pacific or Caribbean, the lowest point at which it has been taken on the eastern side being at Carrillo (about 1,200 or 1,500 feet) and on the western side at Boruca (1,500 feet). 784 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 572. Vireosylva flavoviridis flavoviridis Cassin. Vireosylvia flavoviridis CASSIN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1851, 152, pl. 11 (Panama; coll. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.). — Bairp, Review Am. Birds, 1866, 336 (San José [Frantzius]).— FRANTzIUS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 295 (San José). — BoucARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 53 (San José). — NUTTING) -Proes uaa Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 391 (La Palma de Nicoya). Vireosylvia flavo-viridis LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 96 (San José [Frantzius], Atenas [Cooper]). Vireo flavoviridis SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1881, 180, part (Costa Rican references). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 108 (San José, Alajuéla, Tambor de Alajuéla). — CHERRIE, Auk, VII, 1890, 329-331 (San José; habits; descr. nest and eggs); 335 (San José, middle of April to Sept. 29); Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 15 (Lagarto, Térraba, and Buenos Aires). — UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, 434 (Miravalles). Phyllomanes flavoviridis CABANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1861, 93 (Costa Rica). Vireo agilis ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 108 (San Juan). Vireosylva flavoviridis flavoviridis RIDGWAY, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 144 (from northern Mexico to Isthmus of Panama, and southward to Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia). — BANGs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 305 (Boruca, Paso Real, and Barranca de Térraba [Underwood]). U.S. Nat. Museum: San José (Ridgway and Zeledén) (Cherrie) (Alfaro); Alajuéla (Alfaro). Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia: San José, Monte Redondo, and Aguacate Mts. (Underwood). Bangs Collection: El General, Buenos Aires, Carrillo, San José, El] Mojén (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: San José, Guaitil, Boruca, Buenos Aires, Esparta, Puntarenas, Miravalles, Bebedéro (Carriker). Nineteen skins. This is the most abundant vireo in Costa Rica in the region of the high- lands as well as over the whole of the Pacific slope and lowlands. In life it resembles exceedingly its near relative, V. olivaceus, both in song, habits, and habitat, although in many ways it also resembles the War- bling Vireo (V. gilva gilva), especially in the construction of the nest. I took a nest of the species at Puntarenas, June 8, 1907, containing three fresh eggs. The nest was a beautiful structure, very compact, and well made of weed-fibres and bark, covered over on the outside with golden and white spider-webs and spider egg-cases, and lined with fine, round, pale brown fibres, exactly after the manner of the Warbling Vireo. The eggs are white, speckled and dotted sparingly over the whole surface with deep burnt-umber brown. The nest was suspended from a horizontal fork among the thick foliage of a fruit-tree of some tropical variety, about CARRIKER: LIST oF THE BIRDS OF Costa RICA. 785 fifteen feet from the ground, and not more than a hundred feet from a house on the outskirts of the town. Family PTILOGONATID. 573. Ptilogonys caudatus Cabanis. Ptilogonys caudatus CARANIS, Jour. fiir Orn., 1860 (pub. May, 1861), 402 (Volcan de Irazu, Costa Rica [Frantzius]).— BAtRD, Rev. Am. Birds, 1866, 413 (“San José’’ and Rancho Redondo).— SCLATER and SALVIN, Exotic Orn., pt. i, 1866, pl. 6 (2 figs.)}. — LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., IX, 1868, 97 (‘‘San José’”’ [Carmiol], Irazi [Cooper]). — FRANTzIuUs, Jour. fiir Orn., 1869, 296 (Potrero Cerrado). — BOUCARD, P. Z. S., 1878, 53 (Vol. de Irazii and Na- varro). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1883, 219 (Costa Rican references).— SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., X, 1885, 224 (Volcan de Irazti [Zeledén and Arcé]). — ZELEDON, An. Maus! Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 108 (Volcan de Irazi, La Palma de San José, Rancho Redondo).— RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 118 (highlands of Chiriqui and Costa Rica: Volcan de Irazi, ‘‘ San José,’’ Rancho Redondo, Navarro). U. S. Nat. Museum: Volcan de Turrialba (Ridgway and Zeledén), San Juan de Irazti (Ridgway), Coliblanco (Ridgway), El Copey and Las Vueltas de Dota (Basulto). Bangs Collection: La Estrella de Cartago, Slopes of Barba, Volcan de Irazi, and Azahar de Cartago (Underwood). Carnegie Museum: Volcan de Irazi and Volcan de Turrialba (Carriker). Seven skins. This beautiful Ptilogonys is very abundant on the high volcanoes, just below timber-line, extending downwards in lessening numbers to about 6,000 feet, which I believe to be the lowest altitude at which it is found. There must be an error in Lawrence’s record for this bird from San José, for Iam sure it does not descend to 3,500 feet. Family AMPELIDA. 574. Ampelis cedrorum (Vieillot). Bombycilla cedrorum ViEILLOT, Ois. Am., I, 1807, 88, pl. 57. Ampelis cedrorum SCLATER, P. Z. S., 1856, 299 (Mexico). — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., X, 1885, 215 (no record south of Guatemala). — SALVIN and GoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1883, 215 (no C. R. record). — CHERRIE, Auk, VIII, 1891, 395 (Volcan de Irazti, Costa Rica, 6000 feet, April 11). — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IIT, ,1904, 109 (temperate North Amer- ica in general, migrating southward to the Bahamas, West Indies, Mexico, and Central America to highlands of Costa Rica: Volcan de Irazt). U. S. Nat. Museum: Guayabo, March 9, 1908, 2 o&’s (Ridgway and Zeled6én). 786 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Univ. of Nebraska: Volcan de Irazi, February, 1902 (Carriker). Bangs Collection: San Pedro, May 4-18, 1892, 2 &’s—@? (Zeled6n). The only published record for the taking of the Cedar Waxwing in Costa Rica is that by Mr. Cherrie (cited above). In addition to the specimen taken by him, Mr. Ridgway secured two at Guayabo. Mr. Bangs has three taken by Zeledén at San Pedro, while I secured another high up on the Volcan de Irazi. It is evidently only a rare straggler so far to the south, for were it a regular winter visitor, it would have attracted the attention of native collectors. They are usually to be seen in small flocks of from four to a dozen, and are fond of frequenting the scattered trees of the pastures as well as the forest. 575. Phainoptila melanoxantha Salvin. Phainoptila melanoxantha SALVIN, P. Z. S., 1877, 367 (San Francisco, Costa Rica [Rogers]; coll. Salvin and Godman). — Boucarp, P. Z. S., 1878, 53 (Navarro and Rancho Redondo, several). — SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1883, 221, pl. 14 (San Francisco de Iraztii [Rogers!). — SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., X, 1885, 219 (Irazii district). — ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. de C.R., I, 1887, 107 (La Palma de San José, Rancho Redondo). — ALFARO, Gaceta Of. no. 288, 1888 (Volcan de Poas). — RipGway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., III, 1904, 124 (highlands of Costa Rica and Chiriqui). U.S. Nat. Museum: Volcan de Turrialba (Ridgway and Zeledén), San Juan de Irazti (Ridgway), La Estrella de Cartago and Burgos de Irazt (Castro). Bangs Collection: Volcan de Irazi, Escazi, and Azahar de Cartago (Underwood). Carnegie Museum Collection: Volcan de Irazti, Volcan de Turrialba, Ujurras de Térraba, La Hondura (Carriker). Ten skins. This species has about the same range as Ptilogonys caudatus, being distributed over the higher mountains of the whole of Costa Rica, from about 5,000 feet upwards to timber-line on the volcanoes. I found it fairly common at La Hondura, on the northern slope of Irazi at about 5,000 feet. Some of the species inhabiting the high altitudes descend much lower on the northern and northeastern slopes of the Volcanoes Irazt and Turrialba than they do anywhere else in the country, the slope being so abrupt there, that the temperature remains cool at a much lower altitude than where foothills or table-lands intervene. It is also abundant on the Volcan de Turrialba, while I secured a single specimen at Ujurrds de Térraba, in the Cordilleras de Talamanca at about 7,000 feet. The nidi- fication of this species is also unknown. CARRIRER: “Mist OF