we bos: Racer eatte areser ed erinny arr tate Oebaserepe) Petro " tao, ve wii vcageh Set Bea Feet Devs rade fxs etn z Metcbiatbee a ie Seen eileen! eee ees ys Sbehdataare mad PONS eurtasy om Sc =), Saad 2) ein 4” ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM VoLuME VIL. IQI1O-IQII W. J. HOLLAND, Editor PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHORITY OF THE BoARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE NOVEMBER, I9IO-OCTOBER, IQII. PRESS OF THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY LANCASTER. PA. [xc [& qi \ 2 : ae \F 14 ~ TaAbLE OF CONES: PAGES Title-page and Table of Contents i-iv List of Plates v-Vil List of Figures in Text ix-x Errata et Corrigenda . : : ; xi Editorial Notes . ; : a 2aG nee Tee a1 382 I. The Geology of the Gost of the State of Alagéas, Brazil. By J. C. Branner : : : : , é 5-22 II. Description of a Collection of Fossil Fishes from the Bitumi- nous Shales at Riacho Doce, State of Alagéas, Brazil. By David Starr Jordan é 5 : . 23-34 III. Notes on Ordovician Trilobites, No. II. Asaphide from the Beekmantown. By Percy E. Raymond . 35-45 IV. Notes on Ordovician Trilobites, No. III. Asaphide from the Lowville and Black River. By Percy E. Raymond and J. E. Narraway : 46-59 V. Notes on Ordovician Trilobites, No. Ly. ee aud old Spe- cies from the Chazy. By Percy E. Raymond 60-80 VI. Notes on a Collection of Fishes made by James Francis Abbott at Irkutsk, Siberia. By David Starr Jordan and William Francis Thompson . 81-88 VII. South American Tetrigide. By Lawrence Bruner 89-143 VIII. A Preliminary List of the Fauna of the Allegheny and Cone- maugh Series in Western Pennsylvania. By Percy E. Raymond . 144-158 IX. Results of an Ichthyological ae abGut the: on Thee Islands, Washington. By Edwin Chapin Starks . . 162-213 X. Description of a New Species of Pygidium. By Carl H. Eigenmann . 5 ; ‘ 214 XI. The Brachiopoda and Oatracdda of the Gia By Percy E. Raymond : : : : : . 215-259 XII. A New Camel from the Aaeeens of Western Nebraska. By O. A. Peterson . : . 260-266 XIII. A Mounted Skeleton of Sechelt HiteHeoss the Ste- nomylus Quarry, and Remarks upon the Affinities of the Genus. By O. A. Peterson . 267-273 \o eb ¢\ iv XVII. XVIII. TABLE OF CONTENTS. A ae Skeleton of Diceratherium cooki Peterson. By A. Peterson. . : fe 0 ; The Carnegie Museum Expedition to Coe South race ica, 1907-1910. By W. J. Holland, Director . Brief Report upon the Expedition of the Carnegie Museum to Central South America. By John D. Haseman. A List of Localities at which Mr. Haseman Collected. By C. H. Eigenmann . 2 : 5 ; Descriptions of Some New Species oF Fishes and Miscel- laneous Notes on others Obtained on the Expedition to Central South America. By John D. Haseman An Annotated Catalog of the Cichlid Fishes Collected by the Expedition of the Carnegie Museum to, Central South America, 1907-1910. By John D. Haseman Some New Species of Fishes from the Rio Iguasst. By John D. Haseman é ° . . ° ° A Contribution to the Ornithology of the Bahama Islands. By W. E. Clyde Todd and W. W. Worthington . Index . : . 6 4 . 274-279 - 283-286 . 287-314 » 315-328 - 329-373 - 374-387 - 388-464 - 465- Note.—The Editor is rdeeten to Mr. W. E. C. Todd for seeing Articles II-VIII and XVI-XX through the ‘press. XI. XII. SoPLT: XIV. XV-XVI. XVII-XIX. XX. XXI. XXII. XXIII. XXIV. XXV-XXVI. XXVIII. XXVIII. XXIX. XXX. XXXI. XXXII. XXXITI-XXXVI. XXXVII. XXXVITI. LIST ‘OF PETES: Life-sized restoration of Diplodocus carnegiet. Map: Geology of Eastern Alagéas. Panorama of stone reef near Barra de Sao Miguel on the Alagéas coast. Specimen of rock of reef near Barra de Sao Miguel on the Alagdéas coast. Diplomystus dentatus Cope. Diplomystus dentatus Cope. Knightia eocena Jordan. Ellipes branneri Jordan. Ellipes brannert, Dastilbe crandalli, Chiromystus alagoén- sts. Ellipes riacensts Jordan. Reproduction of figure of Ellipes longicostatus Cope. Chiromystus alagoénsis Jordan. Chiromystus alagoénsis Jordan. Beekmantown Trilobites. Black River Trilobites. Explanation, pp. 57-9. Chazy Trilobites. Explanation, pp. 78-80. Brachymystax lenok (Pallas). Stenodus leucichthys (Giildenstadt). Coregonus pidschian (Pallas). Explanation, pp. 44-5. ‘Thymallus arcticus (Pallas). Vanport fossils. Explanation, pp. 156-7. Brush Creek Fossils. Explanation, p. 157. Explanation, p. 158. Vanport Fossils. Explanation, p. 158. Sebastodes deani Starks. Sebastodes clavilatus Starks. Sebastodes empheus Starks. Pygidium barbourt Eigenmann. Chazy Brachiopods. Side View of Skull of Oxydactylus longirostris. Palatal View of Skull and Crown View of Lower Dentition of Oxydactylus longirostris. Ames Fossils. Explanation, pp. 256-9. Vv vl VE. XLVII. XLVITI. XLIX. LXIX. LXX. Exo LXXII. LXXITI. LXXIV. LXXV. LXXVI. List Of ELATES: Photographic Reproduction of Skull and Lower Jaws of Oxydactylus longirostris. Vertebre and Limb Bones of Oxydactylus longirostris. Map of Stenomylus Quarry. View of an Exposure of Sediment of Stenomylus Quarry. View of Exposures on Niobrara River in which Stenomylus occurs. Mounted Skeleton of Stenomylus hitchcocki Loomis. Mounted Skeleton of Diceratherium cooki Peterson. Cephalosilurus fowlert Haseman. Imparfinis mirint Haseman. (1) Bunocephalus depressus Haseman. (2) Imparfinis hollandi Haseman. Bunocephalus depressus Haseman. Acestridium discus Haseman. Dorsal and Ventral Views of head of Acestridium discus Haseman. Platysilurus barbatus Haseman. Astronotus orbiculatus Haseman. Aequidens guaporensis Haseman. Aiquidens awant Haseman. AEquidens duopunctata Haseman. Cichlasoma facetum Jenyns. Crenicara altispinosa Haseman. Crenicichla stmont Haseman. Crenicichla jaguarensis Haseman. Crenicichla iguassuensis Haseman. (1) Crentcichla (2) Hetero- gramme trifasciatum, var. maciliense Haseman. santaremensits Haseman. Crenicichla dorsocellata Haseman. Heterogramma agassizi (Steindachner). Heterogramma teniatum (Ginther). Heterogramma teniatum, var. pertense Haseman. Heterogramma corumbe Eigenmann and Ward. FHeterogramma trifasciatum Eigenmann and Kennedy. Heterogramma borelli Regan. Heterogramma ritense Haseman. Geophagus brasiliensis, var. iporangensis Haseman. Geophagus brasiliensis, var. itapicuruensis Haseman. Rhamdiopsis moreirati Haseman. Heptapterus stewarti Haseman. Rhamdia branneri Haseman. Rhamdia brannert, var. voulezti Haseman. List OF PLATES, vii LXXVII. Pygidiwm davist Haseman. LXXVIII. Glanidium ribeirot Haseman. LXXIX. Plecostomus derbyi Haseman. LXXX. Plecostomus derbyi Haseman. LXXXI. Plecostomus derbyi Haseman. LXXXII. Fitzroya eigenmanni Haseman. LXXXIII. Cnesterodon carnegiet Haseman. LXXXIV. Map of the Bahama Islands. : si ae a 1 ‘ao Bis! OF FIGURESSINAEESY. Sea-coast north of Jequia da Praia, Alagédas ; Denudation of coast sediments north of Jequia da Praia ; Characteristic topography and false bedding of coast sediments ae of Lagoa Jequia, Alagéas . : View of coast north of Jequia da Praia, Brazil. Headland on coast northeast of Jequia da Praia Characteristic topography of Jequia da Praia. , Ideal section from Maceio to Albuquerque, along the Reha Railway. showing coast sediment resting on crystalline rocks. Exposure of bluff on beach at Barreira do Boqueirao, Brazil Geological section south of Marcenerio, Brazil. Section showing bluff exposure at Camaragibe, Brazil Sections showing the structure, wave-cut terrace and granite neulder: at Morro de Camaragibe, Brazil . 5 Ideal section at Riacho Doce, Brazil, showing eirigee of shalt ead con- glomerates to the bluffs Channel of the Rio San Francisco, state of Alacoee, Brazil Section showing relation of deep well at Maceio, Brazil, to rocks of hills above city. Tsotelus gigas Dekay, A pore Ae (Linné), If pices whitfieldi Ray mond. Niobe insignis Linnarsson. Asaphellus homfrayi (Salter), Hela iispis afinis (MeCoy) Symphysurus sicardi (Bergeron) Illenurus quadratus Hall . : Basilicus tyrannus (Murchison), Benen aWesiens aaron Isotelus maximus Locke Basilicus marginalis (Hall) Isotelus platymarginatus, I. harrist . Pliomerops fischeri (Eichwald), P. canadensis (Billings), P. Perea: tus (Portlock) : Pliomerops canadensis (Billings), P. Woranae (Billings), P. ee vee rande) Heliomera sol (Billings) Raja rhina x List OF FIGURES IN TEXT. Raja rhina Raja binoculata. , : Raja inornata, Raja binoculata. Raja inornata Raja inornata Raja stellulata Sebastodes deant Sebastodes deant Leptena incrassata Leptena incrassata . ; : Rafinesquina champlainensis Raymond Orthis ignicula Raymond . - Valcourea strophomenoides Raymond. Hebertella borealis (Billings) Hebertella vulgaris Raymond Hebertella vulgaris Raymond Hebertella bellarugosa (Conrad). Orthis acuminata Billings . Clitambonites multicostus Hudson Orthidium lamellosim Raymond Leperditia limalula Raymond Eurychilina latimarginata Raymond . Schmidtella crassimarginata Ulrich Cephalosilurus fowlert Pygidium davist . 166 770 5 WAL 5 17 - 173 Ll 7.0 - 179 179 23% 232 a EG 2237 . 240 24a 242 - 243 . 246 . 246 5 ely . 249 253) 255 : 256 - 317 - 380 ERRATA ET CORRIGENDA. Page 89, line 32, for ‘‘CLADINOTIN4”’ read ‘‘CLADONOTIN.”’ Page 109, line 30, for “‘ Metradora”’ read ‘‘ Metrodora.”’ Page 269, line 19, et seg., for ‘‘lama”’ read ‘‘Ilama.” Page 435, line 20, for ‘‘above”’ read “subjoined.” xi “= —, an aN : an mits 2 Le ee ve pe or shen aren eur : * ee - CU, A i LA i, th yest es a > Vae eee - a Ne pes ves i” * = = oe ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM VOLUME VII. NO. tr. EDITORIAL NOTES. Tue Director of the Museum, according to an understanding with the authorities of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg, left Pittsburgh on the 4th of June and arrived in St. Petersburg on the 14th of the same month. The work of installing the replica of the skeleton of Diplodocus carnegiet in the great Lecture Hall of the Imperial Academy of Sciences was immediately taken in hand and was finally brought to com- pletion about the middle of July. During his stay in St. Petersburg the Director of the Museum received many evidences of the kind regard of the different members of the Imperial Academy of Sciences and the promise that all the publications of the Academy should be sent as soon as possible to the library of the Carnegie Museum. Special hospitality and courtesy were shown by His Imperial Highness the Grand Duke Constantine, by M. Iswolky, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, M. Oldenburg, the Secretary of the Academy, M. Th. Tschernyschew, the Director of the Geological Survey of the empire, M. Mogilansky, the Director of the Great Ethno- logical Museum bearing the name of Alexander III, and by many others among the leading scientific men of the Russian capital. The Director made it a point to acquaint himself thoroughly with the work which is being done not only in the museums of St. Petersburg, but in. Moscow. In the latter city, under the guidance of M. Krishkoff he visited all the museums and was able to obtain thorough knowledge of what is being accomplished for the advancement of science in Moscow, a city the wealthy and intelligent citizens of which are displaying in recent years a 1 Py ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. spirit of civic pride and a desire to promote science and art to a degree not surpassed by the citizens of any of the larger municipalities of the world. From Russia the Director of the Museum repaired to Stockholm, where he spent a few days visiting the principal public institutions and making arrangements for an exchange of the publications of the Carnegie Museum for those of the Royal Academy of Sciences and other Swedish institutions. He recalls with pleasure the delightful hours passed in the society of Professor Aurivillius, Dr. Sjéstedt, and Mr. C. V. Hartman. An excur- sion was made to Upsala, where the grave of Linnzus was visited, and the authorities of the University with the most amiable kindness caused the collections of Linnzus, which had been sealed up and retired for the sum- mer, to be opened for the inspection of the Director, who was able to examine many of the types of the insects named and described by the father of natural history. A brief visit was paid to Christiania where the museums and art gal- leries were visited and where in the Librarian of the University was found a friend who was familiar with the work which is being done in Pittsburgh. Two days were spent in Copenhagen, visiting the museums of the Danish capital and in arranging for the exchange of publications. A brief visit was paid to Hamburg. Dr. Kreppelin and Dr. Reh of the great museum of Hamburg were most courteous and gave the Director every opportunity to look into the work which is being done there to promote popular instruction and to advance scientific research. An exceedingly cordial welcome was received from Mr. Carl Hagenbeck of Stellingen. Several hours were spent with him examining his superb collection of exotic mammals and birds and in viewing the restorations of the extinct animals of the past, which he is installing in one section of the great zoological garden which he has established. The life-size reproduction of the Diplodocus, of Triceratops, and other dinosaurs are certainly very interesting. ‘The former is based upon the reproductions made by Mr. Hatcher and the Director of the Carnegie Museum. While in Hamburg arrangements were made with a well-known dealer in that city to purchase the skins of a number of species of penguins, it being the plan of the Director to set up in the Museum a large group representing these interesting antarctic birds in their natural environment. A week was spent in Brussels in attendance upon the first International Entomological Congress. As one of the three Americans present the Director of the Carnegie Museum was honored by being chosen to preside over the sessions of the Section of the Congress given over to the reading ‘pueyoH “f ‘AA pue toyoyey “g “[ Aq poysyqnd sioded snonea oy} pure ‘umoasnyy ysiuig oy} ut voydear oy uodn paseq SI U0T]e10jSaI OUT, ‘yooquesey Pe “ayy Aq Sinqurey{ Ieou uosuTpfais yw Ye [eOS0]QOZ oy} Ul peje 1olsouIeD snoopoydiqZ JO ajas1oUod UT UONeI0}S91 PoZzIs-ojl'] spore lcd IIA ISA (WNASNW JIDSSNYVD STVNNY EpITORIAL NOTES. 3 of papers upon Museology and Historic Entomology. The Congress was attended by delegates from all parts of the world, and many of the most noted entomologists of Great Britain and the continent were in attendance. ' The sessions were remarkably successful, and a handsome volume em- bodying the papers, which were presented, will shortly be published. Leaving Brussels a few minutes after midnight on the 6th of August, Cherbourg was reached on the afternoon of the same day, and the Director was back at his post in the Museum on August the 15th. THE Director wishes to acknowledge his profound gratitude for the generosity and public spirit shown by Mr. Childs Frick in presenting to the Museum the magnificent collection of the skins and skeletons of the East African mammals which he took upon the occasion of his hunting excursion to British East Africa during the fall and winter of 1909 and the spring of 1910. The collection is very large, numbering nearly two hundred specimens, which represent in almost every case species not hitherto represented in the collections of the Museum. The work of mounting this superb collection will necessarily consume some time, but the task has been approached with great enthusiasm and energy by the Messrs. Santens and their associates. It is proposed to assemble the collection of the mammalia of East Africa at the eastern end of the great Hall of Mammals, where a space will be definitely set apart for ‘the Frick Collection.”” A group of oryx antelopes in lifelike poses is already well under way, and before these lines pass through the press the great bull - giraffe will have been mounted in a most lifelike pose. As rapidly as possible various other great mammals will be set up. The example of Mr. Frick is one which may well be emulated by the brotherhood of Nim- rods in Pittsburgh, a brotherhood large and enthusiastic, and including many men mighty with the rifle and the camera. Mr. C. R. EASTMAN has spent the summer in studying the fossil fishes of Monte Bolca and Solenhofen acquired by the Carnegie Museum at the time the Bayet Collection was purchased. Mr. Eastman reports that the assemblage of fossil fishes from these formations in the Carnegie Museum is in some respects finer even than similar collections in Europe, and altogether the best in America. Mr. EARL DOuGLASs reports that the work which he had been carrying on at Dinosaur Peak in Utah is progressing as rapidly as could be expected. 4 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Owing to the hardness of the rock and the immense size of the specimens considerable time will yet be required before the skeletons are extracted from the matrix. The work of excavation has proved itself more difficult than it was originally supposed that it would be. DurRING the past twelve months the Carnegie Museum has received from Mr. M. A. Carriker, Jr., large shipments of the birds of Venezuela, representing several hundred species, most of which are new to our col- lections. The number of our desiderata among South American birds has been materially lessened by shipments received from Mr. José Stein- bach, who is working for the Museum in Bolivia. We hope that ulti- mately our collection of the birds of South America will be as large as our collection of the fishes of that continent. A NUMBER of interesting Egyptian antiquities have been received through the Egypt Exploration Fund. Dr. C. H. EIGENMANN was present at the International Zoological Congress at Graz, Austria. Prior to appearing at the Congress he visited London, Berlin, Vienna, and other points with a view to study- ing the collections of South American ffshes preserved in those cities. The manuscript of his memoir upon the Fishes of British Guiana is well in hand and will soon be put into press. I. THE GEOLOGY OF THE COAST OF THE STATE OF ALAGOAS, BRAZIL. PART I. By J. C. BRANNER. Introductory —The following brief sketch of the geology of the coast of the state of Alagéas, Brazil, is given here, partly in order to make clear the stratigraphic relations of the beds from which the fossil fishes de- scribed by Dr. Jordan in the second part of the paper come, and partly because the discovery of the fossiliferous beds in which these fishes were found has thrown much light on the geology of the state of Alagdas and of the eastern coast of Brazil. The fossil fishes were obtained from a Fic. 1. Looking northward on the sea-coast three kilometers north of Jequia da Praia, showing the coast sediments forming the bluffs. (Crandall phot.) series of bituminous shales at the village of Riacho Doce on the coast. These shales form part of the coastal belt of sedimentary rocks exposed along the entire sea-coast of that state. The accompanying map (Plate II) shows the general geology of Alagéas so far as it is now known; the belt referred to is the narrow one lying next to the ocean. From this o 6 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. map it will be seen that in the interior the rocks exposed at the surface are mostly crystalline, that is, they are granites, gneisses, and crystalline schists. These rocks belong to the old rocks of the continent, and their age or ages are not known. They have a strong resemblance to the Archean and Algonkian rocks of North America, and it is assumed that stratigraphically they belong there or thereabout. Resting directly on these crystalline rocks is a series of sedimentary beds which are provisionally called Paleozoic. These beds are exposed at many places along and near the Rio S. Francisco from about ten kilometers above Penedo to the mouth of the Rio Traipti. This Paleozoic area extends northward and eastward, and ends somewhere west of the town of Pilar. The details of the distribution of these beds are not known at present. The rocks are mostly shales, quartzites, and conglomerates. No fossils have thus far been found in any of them. Fic. 2. Denudation of the coast sediments thirteen kilometers north of Jequia da Praia, Alagdas. (Crandall phot.) Overlying these Paleozoic beds are the red sandstones on which the city of Penedo is built, and which are identical in color, character, and stratigraphic position with the Estancia beds which are supposed to be of Triassic age. These beds have also failed thus far to yield any fossils, but their stratigraphic position is remarkably constant over wide areas in Alagéas, Sergipe, Bahia, and adjoining states. The area covered by the Estancia beds in Alagdas is shown approximately on the map. It should BRANNER: GEOLOGY OF ALAGOAS, BRAZIL. 7 be kept in mind, however, that, except in the vicinity of Penedo, the details of the areal distribution of these beds have not been worked out. The Coastal Sedimentary Belt—Upon and against these older rocks rest the conglomerates, sandstones, and shales which are all grouped to- gether here under the name of coastal sediments. It is not possible to say at present whether these sedimentary beds in Alagéas belong to a single series or to two or more series of rocks. In Pernambuco, the next state on the north, fossils of both Cretaceous and Tertiary ages have been found, though the question still remains unsettled as to whether the formations in which they occur belong to the Cretaceous alone or to both the Cre- taceous and the Tertiary. In Sergipe, the next state to the south, Cretaceous beds are well known, and characteristic fossils are abundant in them;? but up to the present time no unquestioned Tertiary beds have been reported in that state, though it is highly probable that Tertiary beds cover a considerable part of the coastal belt. A little further south, in the state of Bahia, both Cretaceous and Tertiary beds are known. The coastal belt of Alagéas, lying as it does between both Cretaceous and Tertiary beds to the north Fic. 3. Characteristic topography and false bedding of the coast sediments ten kilometers north of Lagoa Jequia, Alagéas. (Crandall phot.) 1Geologia Elementar, por J. C. Branner, p. 272. 2Charles A. White, ‘‘Contribuicdes 4 paleontologia do Brasil,’’ Archivos do Museo Nacional, VII, Rio de Janeiro, 1887. 8 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. and south, might naturally be expected to contain rocks of both Cre- taceous and Tertiary ages. Unfortunately but little geologic work has been done in the state of Alagédas, and this little has not hitherto yielded unquestionable evidence of the age or ages of the sedimentary beds in that particular state, while the somewhat conflicting nature of the evidence which might be adduced from neighboring regions makes it impossible to use that evidence to settle the question. In order to determine the age or ages of the Alagdas coastal sediments we have therefore to depend entirely upon the few fossils that have been found in the state and upon such inferences as may reasonably be drawn from the geology of Sergipe, just across the Rio Sao Francisco. Fic. 4. Characterisitic view looking southward along the coast, nineteen kilometers north of Jequiad da Praia. (Crandall phot.) In the state of Alagéas the coastal sedimentary belt varies in width from about ten kilometers in the north to sixty kilometers in the vicinity of Penedo on the south. These sediments formerly extended further inland and also further toward the east, but they have been removed by denudation on the north and west, and have been encroached upon by the ocean on the east until only this narrow belt now remains. The encroach- ment of the sea has left a great deal of the coast in the form of bare and abrupt escarpments some fifty to ninety meters high. The illustrations incorporated in the text (Figs. 1-6) are made from photographs taken in BRANNER: GEOLOGY OF ALAGOAS, BRAZIL. 9 the vicinity of Lagoa Jequié and give a good idea of the appearance of these sediments in characteristic exposures at and near the coast. The rocks are mostly soft sandstones varying greatly in color—red, pink, purple, yellow, orange, and gray predominating. In many places Fic. 5. A headland on the coast, three kilometers northeast of Jequia da Praia. (Crandall phot.) the beds are mottled; often they are false-bedded, and the true beds are sometimes more or less lenticular. The bedding is approximately hori- zontal with such local exceptions as might be looked for in the deposition of sediments of the kind. None of the beds are hard, but they all break 10 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. down under weathering influences into incoherent sandy clays on steep slopes, or form a hard packed water-shedding layer over horizontal sur- faces. The upper beds, so far as they have been examined, are the soft variously colored sandstones, while near the base of the series there are Fic. 6. Characteristic topography and false bedding in the coast series nine kilometers north of Lagoa da Jequia. (Crandall phot.) black bituminous laminated shales varying in thickness from three to twenty meters. These shales contain lenses and thin interbedded layers of fine sand. Below the shales are sandstones at some places, and below the sandstones are usually conglomerates made up of water-worn boulders BRANNER: GEOLOGY OF ALAGOAS, BRAZIL. 1 BE derived directly from the basal granites. In the section exposed along the railway running north from Maceio the rocks seen are mostly the colored sandstones, but about a kilometer northeast of the station of Utinga (Kil. 26.6) some horizontal gray shales are exposed by the side of the railway. Unfortunately this exposure could not be examined for fossils at the time of my visit. Further northeast along the line of the railway (about Kil. 29) the railway cuts into the base of the Serra de Ouro, and for two or three kilometers exposes heavy beds of decomposed granite boulders. Similar conglomerates are exposed less than a kilometer south of the station of Cachoeira. At this last named station the granites are exposed in places and continue across the entire northern part of the state, so that Cachoeira marks the northwestern margin of the sedimentary belt where it is crossed by the railway. Se "oe hs” eee Fic. 7. Ideal section from Maceio to Albuquerque, 35 kilometers, along the Alagéas Railway, showing the coast sediments resting on the crystalline rocks. The branch of the railway running from Albuquerque to Assemblea passes all the way over granites and other old crystalline rocks, except for a short distance between Bittencourt and Ataldia where a deep cut exposes a beautiful unconformity between the underlying granites and the inland margin of the abutting sediments. Beds Dipping Landward—tThere are certain noteworthy exceptions to the horizontality of the coast sediments. .At many places on the coast the lowest sedimentary beds exposed are mostly shales, and these are often found dipping decidedly toward the land. Good examples of the landward dip of these beds are exposed on the beach at the following localities beginning in the northern part of the state and following down the coast. The compass bearings given are the magnetic readings. At the mouth of Rio Maragogy 9° 3’ s. latitude, the shales are somewhat wrinkled where exposed in a wave-cut bench. The dips observed in the shales are 10° s. 71° w. and 6°s. 31° w. These shales dip landward beneath the red and mottled sandstones exposed in the hills near the coast. Just if, ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. south of the venda, known as Camaxo, black bituminous shales are exposed at low water. The following dips were recorded at that place 9° s. 60° w.; 4° s. 80° w.; 4°s. 33° w.; 10° s. 50° w. In every instance the dip is toward the hills of the coast. Just south of the stream entering the sea near the village of Japarattiba conglomerates, sandstones, and dark shales are exposed at low tide. They dip s. 80° w., that is, landward. In latitude 9° 7’ s. in front of the town of Pitingui shales are exposed at low tide with a dip of 9° n. 70° w. and 7° due west. Fic. 8. The exposure on the beach at Barreira do Boqueirao. The shaded bed is the fossiliferous shale. A bluff further south known as the Barreira do Boqueirao is estimated to be between sixty and seventy meters high. The upper part of this bluff is of red, brown, purple, yellow, and mottled sands and clays. At the base is a bed of black bituminous shales some two or three meters thick, which contains fossil fishes like those found at Riacho Doce. This shale dips n. 40° w. at an angle varying from 10° to 15°. The direction of the dip also varies more or less, but it is always landward, in the direction of the red coast hills. Beneath the shale and conformable with it is a strongly bedded conglomerate and sandstone. In the edge of the village of Porto das Pedras in south latitude 9° 10’ sandstones with interbedded shales are exposed at the mouth of the Rio Manguaba. ‘These rocks dip toward the southwest at a low angle, perhaps three or four degrees. BRANNER: GEOLOGY OF ALAGOAS, BRAZIL. 13 South of Marcenerio is an embayment in which the dark shales are exposed at low water and partly covered by a coral-reef. The following dips were observed here: 10° n. 39° w.; 13° n. 57° w.; 12°n. 25° w., always landward and toward the hills which follow the coast. Fic. 9. Geological section south of the Marcenerio embayment showing the bituminous shales dipping landward and overgrown with a coral reef. At the Barra do Passo, known also as the Barro do Camaragibe, there are some good exposures of dark bituminous shales interbedded with sandstones on the sea-shore near the town. The dips are likewise toward the hills that lie to the landward of the town. Just south of the Camaragibe at a bluff, known as the Morro de Camara- gibe, are some of the most interesting exposures to be seen on the coast of Fic. to. Section showing the landward dip of the shales at Camaragibe. Alagéas. The bluffs are from 75 to 90 meters high, and the upper layers are the highly colored and mottled beds so characteristic of this part of the Brazilian coast. At the base of the bluff, however, there are exposed, especially at low tide, a series of alternating sandstones and shales of a dull gray color. The lowest exposed beds of the series are cut off by the 14 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. waves, forming a horizontal terrace, which is uncovered at low tide. These lower beds all dip landward beneath the bluff at an angle of from five to ten degrees. At many places in the beds of shale fragments of plants may be dis- tinguished, but they are so badly ground up that those found are not recognizable. Fic. 11. Sections showing the structure, the wave-cut terrace, and the granite boulders at Morro de Camaragibe. The dip is somewhat exaggerated. At Riacho Doce the village stands upon a narrow terrace between the sea and the sandstone bluffs which are about 80 meters high at this place. The lowest beds which are visible are heavy conglomerates containing large granite blocks; these are followed downward by sandstones, and these in turn by bituminous shales. The beds exposed on the beach are 5 ie b3 tm, Mach) Miwcho Doce | Fic. 12. Ideal section at Riacho Doce showing the relation of the shales and conglomerates to the bluffs west of the town. BRANNER: GEOLOGY OF ALAGOAS, BRAZIL. 15 considerably wrinkled and somewhat faulted, but the general structure shows that they dip westward beneath the bluffs. The shales exposed on the beach and in pits in the palm groves near by are black, foliated, and thin-bedded, and contain a good many remains of fishes, diatoms, ostracods, and foraminifera. The cases cited above show that the sedi- ments along the Alagédas coast north of Maceio have a general and decided dip toward the land. Why the Coast Sediments Dip Landward—Two explanations suggest themselys for this apparently universal landward dip of these beds. The ‘irst one is that the beds were laid down in a basin parallel with the coast, and somewhat similar to that found at and north of the city of Bahia, and that the ocean has now cut away the entire seaward edge of that basin leaving the westward dipping beds exposed. There is nothing impossible or even improbable in this theory. When the sea shall have encroached upon the coast at and north of Bahia a few kilometers further, it will have cut away a narrow belt of crystalline rocks and will expose the landward- dipping shales of the Bahia basin. The fact that the granites are exposed at many places along the coast of Alagdas beneath the shales, and the fact that the granite bottom of the basin does not appear in the section made across this sedimentary belt by the railway running from Maceio to Albuquerque lends support to this theory. The other suggested explanation of the landward dip of the sediments on the coast is that the removal of the 50 to 90 meters of sediments along the coast has permitted the upbending of the rocks relieved of pressure on the shore just as we have the upthrust of the floors of tunnels in deep mines and similar phenomena along the bottoms of deep canyons cut through thick sediments. In either case it seems that the sediments are somewhat thinner on the immediate coast than they are a few kilometers inland. Color of the Coastal Sediments—lIt has already been stated that the coastal sediments are highly colored. The most pronounced colors are yellow, red, and orange; but almost all the colors of the rainbow may be seen in the large exposures. Sometimes the colors are more or less banded and one is led to infer that this banding follows certain horizontal beds. Sometimes the beds are mottled rather than banded, and sometimes it even happens that there is a vertical gray, whitish, or leaden-colored band that cuts square across the usual horizontal beds. It was formerly supposed that these high colors had some stratigraphic 16 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. value, and that they were characteristic of the Tertiary beds along the Brazilian coast. It is true that there are good reasons for considering many of the colored beds of this coast as Tertiary, but it is my opinion that the colors are accidental, and that they also extend into the Cretaceous beds, and occasionally into even older beds as well. At a great many exposures examined along this coast the evidence all points to the fact that the beds, which have long lain beyond the reach of weathering, retain their dull gray and drab colors, while those which have been acted upon by surface-waters and oxidizing agencies have usually been profoundly affected. These points are fairly well brought out by the exposure at the cliffs south of the Rio Camaragibe. There the rocks at the base of the bluff are well exposed and show clearly the stratification and the landward dip of the beds. These lower beds range in color from drab through dark brown to almost black, but about three or four meters above the level of high tide the bedding planes fade out, and the drab colors give place to the yellow, red, and mottled colors which continue to the top of the bluffs. Especially striking is the fact that these upper colored beds have the general appearance of being horizontally stratified, although the stratification planes are more or less obscure and uncertain, while the lower beds are well defined and have marked dips. Believers in the theory of the Tertiary age of the colored beds might urge that these facts point to an unconformity between the strata at the bottom and the top. However, a close inspection made with this point in mind not only failed to disclose an unconformity, but showed that the stratification of the lower beds merges very gradually into those which are highly colored, and finally disappears altogether. In other words the weathering process has not only altered the color of these sediments; but it has obscured the stratification, so that the original bedding, in some instances at least, cannot be made out. Fossils from the Alagéas Sediments—Fossil plants have been seen in the dark bituminous shales which commonly underlie the highly colored sandstones and clays forming the bluffs along nearly the entire coast of Alagéas. At every place where these plant remains have been seen the plants appear to have decayed and then to have been washed back and forth until they were ground into unrecognizable fragments. At all events a diligent search for recognizable remains of plants has thus far failed to discover any. Diatoms.—Specimens of the bituminous shales collected at Riacho Doce were submitted to Mr. Wm. A. Terry, of Bristol, Conn., who kindly BRANNER: GEOLOGY OF ALAGOAS, BRAZIL. 1? examined them for diatoms. Mr. Terry writes me in regard to one speci- men sent him that it contains a small amount of quartz sand, and a little muscovite, but no diatoms. Another lot of this same shale was sent Mr. Terry later and he says of it: ‘“‘None of these shales contain any diatoms. They differ somewhat from the specimens I examined in 1908 from the same locality, but they are substantially the same. They contain a large amount of iron oxide and of bituminous matter, but the bulk of the rock is a hydrocarbon. . . . It is probably formed from algz.”’ Ostracods-——The bituminous shales, and some of the sandy layers ac- companying them, contain many impressions of ostracods. Some of these have been submitted to Dr. E. O. Ulrich and he writes as follows in regard to them: “The specimens are of one or two species of Estheria, but their preserva- tion is so poor that I cannot classify them more exactly. They might be of any age from late Triassic to Pleistocene, but it is my belief that they will finally turn out to be early Cretaceous. Do not rely on this opinion unless it is in accord with other evidence.” Fishes——The fossil fishes described in the accompanying paper by Dr. Jordan were first collected by me at Riacho Doce and Barreiro do Bo- queirao in 1899. Later I sent my assistant, Mr. Roderic Crandall, to make a fuller collection, and he brought away several boxes of these bituminous shales from Riacho Doce. Those thinly laminated shales were carefully split up after they reached this country, and all the speci- mens figured and described in Dr. Jordan's paper are from this material. The collection made in 1899 contained the remains of a single species which was identified by Professor F. A. Lucas, of the U. S. National Museum, as Diplomystus. This genus had already been described by Cope from similar shales at Itacaranha, Plataf6rma, and Agua Comprida, near the city of Bahia.* In addition to the clupeoid fishes from Riacho Doce described by Dr. Jordan, mention should be made of some fossil fishes now in the collections of the Instituto Archeologico e Geographico Alagoano at Maceio. These fossils were seen and examined by mein 1899. They are said to have been found at or near the town of Fernao Velho which stands at the north end of Lagoa de Norte, fourteen kilometers north of the city of Maceio. These fishes are in concretions of hard cream-colored lime rock that bears a striking resemblance to the limestone nodules in which fossil fishes are 3E. D. Cope, “A contribution to the vertebrate paleontology of Brazil,’’ Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XXIII, 3-4, Jan., 1886. 18 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. found in the interior of Ceara. One of these fishes was identified as Rhacolepis buccalis Agassiz; the other was not identified. The lack of specific information regarding the origin of these fossil fishes, the character of the matrix, and the species identified all lead one to doubt whether they really come from Fernao Velho. At Fernao Velho (Kil. 14) there are some good exposures of soft, partly-colored sandstones close to the railway station, and for half a kilometer along the line toward the north. The beds are all more or less oxidized as far down as they are exposed in the railways cuts, and in none of them were fossils of any kind seen. South of Fernao Velho the oxidized sedimentary beds are exposed at a number of places on and close to the railway, but everywhere they are yellow, red, purple, mottled gray, and white. Nowhere were cal- careous concretions found like those containing the fossil fishes. The facts thus far gathered fail to support the theory that the Rhacolepis and the other fossil fish in the collection at Maceio come from Fernao Velho. It is hoped, however, that local geologists will keep up the search for evidence in the field, for though the theory of their origin lacks support at present, it is not at all improbable that they are really from Fernao Velho or somewhere thereabout. The verification of the occur- rence of these fossil fishes in Alagdas would be a very interesting and valuable contribution to our knowledge of the geology of that state. Conclusions from the Fossil Fishes——Leaving aside the Rhacolepis about which there is some question, the fossil fishes thus far found in the state of Alagdas come from the laminated dark gray bituminous shales exposed at Riacho Doce, Garcga Torta, Morro do Camaragibe, Porto das Pedras, Barreira do Boqueirao, Pitingui, Japaratiba, and the mouth of the Rio Maragogy, and from various other places on the immediate coast, where they are exposed near the base of the sedimentary series. These fishes represent four genera, Diplomystus, Dastilbe, Halecopsis, and Arius?, there being six determinable species, four of Diplomystus, one of Dastilbe, one of Halecopsis, and one of Arius? The forms are such as are to be ex- pected in an estuary. Dr. Jordan feels some doubt in regard to the exact age of the beds, and he ventures only to say that ‘‘the shales of Riacho Doce were deposited in an estuary and that their age is Cretaceous or Lower Eocene, possibly Upper Cretaceous.” These fishes form the most important collection of fossils thus far made in the state of Alagdas, and they also make an interesting and valuable © contribution to our knowledge of the coast sediments of eastern Brazil. BRANNER: GEOLOGY OF ALAGOAS, BRAZIL. 19 Other Fossils from Alagéas—The occurrence of Cretaceous fossils at Villa Navo in the state of Sergipe on the Rio S. Francisco below Penedo leads to the inference that Cretaceous fossils should be expected on the Alagéas side of the river. No systematic search has been made for fossils in the southern part of Alagéas, so that it cannot be stated positively whether the beds known at and about Maroim and Larangeiras in Sergipe do, or do not, extend into Alagéas. The red Estancia sandstones on which the city of Penedo stands are older than the Cretaceous, and as pointed out in the introduction to this paper they have thus far failed to yield any recognizable fossils either in Alag6éas, Sergipe, or Bahia, where they are well developed. To the west of Penedo is another and older series of sandstone forming the Serra de Maraba, but there again no fossils have yet been found. The Maraba beds are older than the Estancia sandstones, and possibly belong to the Carboniferous or to the Carboniferous and Devonian. In the collections of the Instituto Archeologico e Geographico Alagoano in Maceio I saw in 1899 a piece of sandstone labeled ‘“‘Alagéas’’ which con- tained fossil brachiopods that are not newer than the Carboniferous. Unfortunately no information could be had in regard to the origin of this specimen, and I am disposed to think that it is wrongly labeled. It is not at all impossible that there may be Carboniferous sedimentary rocks in the Serra de Maraba, but up to the present time they have not been found. I have found at other ports on the coast of Brazil fossiliferous rocks brought from other places and even from foreign countries as ballast in ships. In addition to those mentioned above the only other fossils thus far found in Alagéas have been the remains of large vertebrate animals that have been discovered occasionally in digging pits in low grounds for watering the cattle. Bones, teeth, etc., have occasionally been found at several places in Alagéas and in the adjoining states. The places reported in Alagéas are Meirus, about 15 kilometers northeast of Pao d’Assucar,4 and near a lake on the west side of the Priaca ridge about eight leagues north-east of Penedo.® Systematic search for the remains of these large extinct mammals in the state of Alagdas would enable geologists to add a valuable chapter to the later geologic history of life on the South American continent. Geographic Development.—Certain topographic features of the coast of 4J. C. Branner, “‘On the occurrence of fossil remains of mammals, etc.,’’ Amer. Jour. Sct., XIII, 136, Feb., 1902. 5Maria Graham, “‘Journal of a voyage to Brazil,’’ London, 1824, 130. Ad 20 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Alagéas throw much light upon the geographic development, not only of this state, but of a large part of northeastern Brazil. Reference is here made to the lakes that are so characteristic of that state. The accompanying map (Plate II) shows how the lakes of the coast of Alagéas are distributed. It should be noted that the lakes are not parallel with the coast, but that their longer axes are approximately at right angles to the coast. These lakes are all separated from the sea by low flats of loose sand, which are occasionally drawn out into long narrow spits. In all cases the lakes are being gradually filled up by the silts washed into them from the surrounding high grounds. These geographic features all seem to be satisfactorily explained on the theory that the coast formerly stood considerably higher than it does at present. At the time of this elevation the shore line was somewhat further east, and, owing to the greater height of the land, the rainfall was probably somewhat greater than it is now. At that time the lakes did not exist, but streams flowed across the coastal belt and cut in the soft sediments many deep, steep-sided gorges. A long period of uplift and erosion was followed by a depression which carried the bottoms of the gorges well below the level of the ocean, so that the salt-water backed up in them and made estuaries of them. The shore line was shifted somewhat further inland, and the waves soon cut into the soft materials of the head-lands, threw the shore sediments back into the mouths of the estuaries, and eventually turned them into lakes. The sediments. washed into the lakes from the sides and at their upper ends gradually filled them Fic. 13. The channel of the Rio San Francisco, looking up stream, seen from the Sugar-loaf hill at Pao d’Assucar, state of Alagoas, BRANNER: GEOLOGY OF ALAGOAS, BRAZIL. 21 up so that some of them have already been turned into marshes, and the same process will, in the course of time, obliterate all of them. Lagoa do Norte may be taken as a type of the larger ones of these lakes. This lake has now silted up to such an extent that it is navigable only for vessels drawing a little more than one meter, and that too along a single channel on the south side of the lake. At the time when the region stood higher the lower Rio S. Francisco ran through a steep-sided gorge, and the streams entering it from the sides cut their channels down to or nearly to the level of the main stream. When the depression came the lateral streams were flooded and their former channels are now marked by lakes, marshes, or broad flat river- bottoms. While the coastal lakes have been filling up with silts from inland, those washed from the immediate coast have accumulated locally under the Fic. 14. Section showing the relation of the deep well at Maceio to the rocks of the hills above the city. protection afforded by the coral reefs which thrive along some parts of the coast of Alagéas. In such places the land has been gaining on the sea. Jaragua, the southern part of the city of Maceio, for example, is built upon low ground that lies between the city proper and the coral reefs which help to form the harbor of Maceio. A well two hundred meters deep put down several years ago at the railway shops in Maceio was entirely in loose materials. This fact leads one to conclude that the steep slope of the bluffs, on which the light-house stands, extends for at least two hundred meters beneath the surface of the ground, for these loose materials are not the plateau beds in place, but the later deposits laid down since the depression of this region. Stone Reef—About three kilometers north-east of the Barra de Sao Miguel on the Alagéas coast is a beautiful example of a stone reef. The accompanying panorama (Plate III) made by my assistant, Mr. Roderic 22, ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Crandall, shows the entire length of this reef, and gives a good idea of its remarkable appearance. This reef is of hard sandstone, and varies in width from ten to seventy meters. It is barely covered at times of high tide, but at low tide it rises above the water like a broad flat wall against the outer face of which the surf breaks. Reefs like this of Sao Miguel are found at several places along the north- eastern coast of Brazil, but this isamong the most beautiful of them all. The origin of these reefs of rock has been discussed at length elsewhere.® and it only remains to explain this particular one. As pointed out in the paper on the stone-reefs of Brazil the existence of these remarkable natural breakwaters is due to a peculiar combination of circumstances. These are the distribution of the rain through the year, the size of the streams, and the geographic conditions where the streams enter the ocean. The Sao Miguel reef lies in front and across the mouth of the Rio de Sao Miguel, a stream which is only about seventy-five kilo- meters in length. The banks of this stream are everywhere covered with vegetation, and along the lower part of its course the waters pass through grassy marshes and mangrove swamps. During the rainy season there is water enough in this river to cause its prompt discharge into the ocean, but during the dry seasons the stream is so enfeebled that it has not always been able to prevent the waves of the sea from completely stopping it by throwing up the beach sands across its mouth. At such times the sluggish water of the streams becomes highly charged with the acids derived from the or- ganic matter decomposing in and along it, and this water has escaped largely by seeping through the sand bank across the river mouth. The acid water coming in contact with shell fragments and other limy materials in the sand dissolves the lime and carries it forward until it comes in contact with the dense sea waters within the sand bank, where the lime is precipitated. The sands that were thrown across the river’s mouth are by this process turned into a sandstone so compact that it often rings under the hammer like a bell. The shells found in the rock of the reef are those of mollusks which are now living in the sea alongside, and may be found loose in the sands of the beach. The accompanying photograph (Plate IV) shows a specimen of the rock containing shells. 6J. C. Branner, ‘‘The stone reefs of Brazil, etc.,’’ Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLIV. Cambridge, I904, 171-200. ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Vol. VII. 1 PA s ! 7] L MEIR sts pera =- x GEOLOGY OF EASTERN ALAGOAS BY J.C.BRANNER 1910 = Kilometers. | Tertiary? = Estencia(Trias?) (IM Psleozeic. Old crystalline. — 30! Plate II. } f h oil nos . . et re sf A ot ee mess ‘of a aaanennenten he eee ee RAT ec eminem mag ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Vol. VII. Plate III Panorama of the stone reef three kilometers northeast of the Barra de Sao Miguel on the Alagdéas coast. lV, Plate Vil, ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Vol. size. about } nat. Specimen of rock of the reef, II. DESCRIPTION OF A COLLECTION OF FOSSIL FISHES FROM THE BITUMINOUS SHALES AT RIACHO DOCE, STATE OF ALAGOAS, BRAZIL. By DaAvip STARR JORDAN. The collection of fossil fishes described below was made under the direction of Dr. John Casper Branner in 1907 for the Carnegie Museum of Pittsburgh. The types described in this paper belong to that museum. Duplicates of the species are in the paleontological collections of the Department of Geology at Stanford University, California. The ac- companying drawings are by Mr. Sekko Shimada. Family CLUPEID/. Genus D1rpLomystus Cope. Diplomystus Corr, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., III, 1877, 808 (dentatus) (not Diplomystus Bleeker, a genus of catfishes). Copeichthys DoLLo, Results Voyage Belgica, 1904, 159 (dentatus) (substitute for Diplomystus, considered as preoccupied). A large, deep-bodied compressed herring from the Green River Eocene shales in Wyoming has been made the type of the genus Diplomystus. The characteristic features of the genus are the very strong ventral plates, and the presence of similar smaller plates on the dorsal line before the dorsal fin. At the same time another herring, obviously related, but differing in the slender form, short anal, and fewer vertebrz, besides other characters, was associated with this species. This species, Clupea humilis Leidy = Clupea pusilla Cope, both names preoccupied, became later, under the name of Knightia eocena, the type of the genus Knzghtia, More or less intermediate between Diplomystus and Knightia are several species from the fossil beds of Europe and Asia. Among Dr. Branner’s Brazilian collections from Riacho Doce, are two new species allied to Diplomystus. Another, related to these, called Diplomystus longicostatus, has been already known from the Cretaceous of Brazil. These Brazilian species have the general traits of Diplomystus dentatus, with the short anal and fewer vertebre of Anightia, while at the same time their squamation seems to be different from both. For this group I suggest the name of Ellipes. We may thus recognize among 23 24 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. American forms three types of double-armored herrings, representing two, or perhaps three, distinct genera. These groups may be thus compared: DipLomystus! (type Diplomystus dentatus Cope). (Plates Vand VI.) Vertebree forty-two in typical species; the caudal vertebre about twenty-three in number; anal fin long, with twenty-five to forty rays; ventral fins small, inserted before dorsal; ventral region very prominent, compressed; cleft of mouth very oblique, the chin prominent; teeth present, moderate; dorsal scutes pectinate; scales small, about sixty in number. ELLIPEs (type Diplomystus branneri Jordan). Vertebre about thirty-two, the caudal vertebre twelve to seventeen; anal fin short, of about eight to twelve rays; ventral fins very small, much smaller than pectorals, inserted below or before dorsal; ventral region prominent, compressed; cleft of mouth oblique, maxillary narrow; no teeth so far as known; dorsal scutes entire; ventral scutes not serrate; scales apparently large, very thin, and deciduous. KNIGHTIA? (type Knightia eocena Jordan). (Plate VII.) Vertebre about thirty-six, the caudal vertebre twenty-three; anal fin short, of about fourteen rays; ventral fins well-developed, as large as pectorals, inserted opposite front of dorsal; ventral region not at all prominent, body more or less elongate; mouth little oblique; maxillary narrow; no teeth so far as known; dorsal scutes entire; ventral scutes long; scales large, smooth, about thirty-five. ‘In the fine specimen of Diplomystus dentatus, figured in Plate V by the courtesy of Dr. John P. Merriam of the University of California, the opercle is covered with large irregular scales. As no scales occur on the head in any other known herring, these are probably loose scales out of place in the specimen? [Epiror’s Notre. In December, 1898, I received from Mr. Henry L. Ward of Rochester, N. Y., as a Christmas present, a slab from the Green River Shales at Fossil, Wyoming, containing, as he humorously wrote me, ‘‘a painting by the oldest of masters.’’ This slab represents a specimen of Diplomystus dentatus Cope, in even finer preservation than the one figured by Dr. Jordan, and rep- resented in Plate V. I have had the slab photographed and take the liberty of annexing a reproduction of the photograph as Plate VI to this articles, and trust that Dr. Jordan will forgive me for the act.—W. J. HoLLanp.] *Histiurus Costa, Atti Accad. Pontan., V, 1850, 288 (elatus); not Histiurus Agassiz, an emendation of Istiurus. Knightia JORDAN, Univ. Cal. Publ., V, No. 7, 136 1907, (type Knightia eocena Jordan=Clupea humilis Leidy, 1856, not of Meyer, =Clupea pusilla Cope, 1877, not of Mitchell). JORDAN: Fosstt FISHES FROM R1iacuo J)oceE. 25 HypervLoruus Ogilby. (Rec. Austr. Mus., II, 1892, 26. Type Hyperlophus spratellides, the ‘Sandy Sprat’’ of streams of New South Wales.) Maxillary broad; no teeth; mouth very small; mandible projecting; branchiostegals four; dorsal inserted behind middle of body; ventrals inserted before dorsal; dorsal scutes small; ventral scutes moderate; anal of about nineteen rays; scales pectinate. Dr. Woodward regards Hyper- lophus as a synonym of Diplomystus, which is quite unlikely. One may be too hasty in regarding living forms as identical with extinct genera, as well as too hasty in separating them. PoTAMALOSA Ogilby. (Proc. Linnean Soc. N.S. W., XXI, 1897, 504. Type Clupea nove-hollandie C. & V. of streams of Australia.) Maxillary narrow; teeth present in jaws and palate; branchiostegals eight; dorsal inserted before middle of body; anal small; ventrals under front of dorsal scales large, smooth; dorsal scutes small; ventral scutes moderate. Allied to Potamalosa are certain American species, typified by ‘‘ Pota- malosa"’ notacanthoides (Steindachner) of Chile. This species has the form of an alewife; maxillary rather broad; no teeth; scales rather large and firm, cuneate; dorsal and ventral scutes small; ventrals moderate, under front of dorsal; anal short; fourteen rays; caudal scaly. This species stands between Ellipes and Potamalosa. In any event, I think that we are justified in recognizing Fllipes, Potamalosa, Hyperlophus, and Knightia as distinct subgenera, even if we should wish to place all double-armored herrings in the single genus, Diplomystus. 1. Ellipes branneri sp. nov. (Plate VIII, fig. 3.) Type, a small, much compressed herring pressed flat in black shale, from Riacho Doce, Alagéas, Brazil, J. C. Branner, collector. Total length 2 to 3% inches. Head 3 in length to base of caudal; depth 2; length of longest rib a shade more than length of head. Distance from snout to nape equal to distance from nape to dorsal fin. Length of caudal portion of abdomi- nal column equal to length of head and two-thirds greatest depth. Body short and deep, the back not elevated; the belly very convex and sharply keeled, with about twenty sharp plates; plates in front of dorsal mostly lost; those present small and entire; caudal peduncle deeper in front than long. Head rather deeper than long. Maxillary more or less crushed 26 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. in all examples, about 24 in length of head reaching to below the front of eye, about 2 in head in the larger and extending below posterior part of eye. Lower jaw oblique, about as long as upper, slightly projecting in the larger example. No trace of teeth. Eye small, a little longer than snout, about 34 in head; preopercle widened below; opercle deep, about as long as eye; sharply striated in the larger examples, smooth in the smaller. In the larger specimens the opercle is longer than the eye. Dorsal fin low, median, its rays uncertain, about twelve; caudal deeply and evenly forked, the lobes a little longer than head; anal short, its rays lost in the type example, but perfectly preserved in No. 51, the fin low, even, with twelve rays, usually one to each interspinal bone, but sometimes two; pectorals short, placed low, the bases of about eight rays showing; ventrals lost in most specimens, in others very small and inserted behind front of dorsal, under the thirteenth rib. Only the base is preserved, but the fin must have been very short. In most of the specimens, the inter- spinal bones behind the anal end in little knobs, to which the rays are jointed. Vertebre about 15 + 17 = 32.0r16 + 17 = 33. Ribs about 20, 24 in larger examples; scales thin, large, nearly all gone, traces of a few on lower part of belly. Some of these seem quadrate in form and plate-like, but of thin texture. Of this species the type is a small specimen, Collector’s No. I, very perfectly preserved, except for the fin-rays (Plate VIII, fig. 3). It is 2 inches long, with the caudal, and it is represented by an equally perfect duplicate, Collector’s No. 2. Almost equally perfect is another specimen, 34 inches long, Collector’s No. 29, also figured (Plate VIII, fig. 4). This has an equally perfect du- plicate, Number 27. Other relatively perfect examples are Numbers 65 and 66 (duplicates), both showing the anterior half of body. Another, 28, shows the relatively large mouth and rather broad, striated opercle, Other examples broken but in parts perfect, are the following: 30, 31, 32, 33 34, 38, 40, 41, 42, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 161,625°63;'65, 66).92, 08,0125, 120: In 46, the ventral scutes are especially well preserved. In none is there any trace of the dorsal scutes. In No. 51, the upper half of the body is lost, the belly with the anal fin very well preserved. This anal fin is restored in fig. 4. Number 125, and its duplicate Number 130, are very small, about an inch long, but very perfectly preserved. We present a figure of Number 125 (Plate IX, fig. 6). Other fragments very badly broken are Numbers 144, 175, 177, 194, 201, 204, 222, 221, 238, 257. ~ JORDAN: FossiL FISHES FROM R1IAcHO Doce. 27 This species apparently belongs to the same group as Diplomystus longicostatus Cope, but the latter is readily distinguished by the much elevated back, on which the dorsal fin is perched, and by the much longer ribs, as well as by the great enlargement of the posterior ventral plate. In both species the ventral fins are very small and median, but in Ellipes longicostatus they are inserted well before the dorsal under the eleventh rib, the dorsal being thrown backward by the oblique setting ‘of the body. The insertion of the ventrals behind the front of the dorsal separates Ellipes branneri and E. riacensis from FE. longicostatus, as well as from Diplomystus dentatus of the North American Eocene. I have submitted specimens of Ellipes branneri to Prof. T. D. A. Cock- erell, of the University of Colorado. Professor Cockerell says: “T have examined the scales of Ellipes with very great interest. In no one case can I see the outline of a complete scale, but the transverse circuli are very well developed, and the scales are evidently large. I cannot distinctly determine that they differ in any respect from those of the common herring, except perhaps that the sculpture is not quite so uniform. I cannot see the transverse radii, but these might not be visible in pre- served material, and possibly the radii did not exist in these ancient herrings.” We refer to Ellipes branneri, with some doubt, two other specimens well preserved, Number 3 described below, with another specimen of the same size, well preserved, but broken into two (Number 24 and Number 25). These agree with the type of Ellipes branneri in all technical char- acters, but the body is more elongate, especially posteriorly, and the ventral region less gibbous and more angulated. The belly is deeper, and the mouth larger than in Ellipes riacensis. Number 3 is a little fish 2} inches long, very perfectly preserved in black shale, collected at Riacho Doce, state of Alagéas, Brazil. (Plate VIII, fig. 5.) Head 34 in length to base of caudal; depth 24; length of longest rib considerably more than length of head. Distance from snout to nape about equal to distance from nape to dorsal fin Length of caudal part of vertebral column equal to greatest depth, and half more than head. Body deep mesially, the caudal region produced. Belly very convex and sharply keeled, the plates strong and sharp, about 17 in number; trace of four or five scutes before dorsal. These are subacute, smooth, and entire. Caudal peduncle longer than deep in front; head deeper than long: maxillary about 2 in its length, reaching to below middle of eye; lower 28 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. jaw thin, oblique, projecting beyond upper. No trace of teeth. Eye small, rather shorter than snout; 3+ in head, longer than opercle; opercle short and deep, more or less striated, and shining black (the bones more or less crushed and obliterated). Dorsal fin lost; caudal fin equally and sharply forked, half longer than head; anal short, its rays lost, about 14 in number. Pectorals low, not very short; about seven rays evident; ventrals obliterated, probably behind front of dorsal. Vertebre 14 + 19 = 33. Ribs about 18. Traces of shining scales between the ribs. 2. Ellipes riacensis Jordan, sp. nov. (Plate X.) Type a fish pressed flat in black shale, and well preserved, Collector’s Number 4. Length 4% inches. From Riacho Doce, Alagéas, Brazil, Branner Collection. Back little convex, the belly more curved but not prominent. Head 24+ in length to base of caudal; depth 23; length of longest rib a shade less than length of head; distance from snout to nape a little less than from nape to dorsal; length of caudal part of vertebral column equal to greatest depth and a shade more than length of head. Body moder- ately deep mesially, about as in species of Sardinella, the back scarcely elevated. Belly sharply keeled, the plates strong, about 23 in number, the hindmost not enlarged. Scutes before dorsal mostly lost, apparently entire and with flexible edges. Caudal peduncle longer than deep. Head rather longer than deep. Maxillary 24 in head, not reaching front of eye; mouth small, the lower jaw in the type apparently shorter than upper, its position apparently due to distortion; as in other specimens, the chin projects. Eye small, shorter than snout, 4 in head, not longer than opercle. Opercle moderate, its surface polished and striated; subopercle evident, nearly as large as opercle. Dorsal fin preserved, apparently of about 15 rays. Caudal fin a shade longer than head, equally and sharply forked. Anal fin short, probably of about 14 rays, most of them obliter- ated. Pectorals present, crushed. Ventrals small, inserted behind front of dorsal. Traces of small smooth shining scales between the ribs and on various parts of the body. Vertebre 13 +18 = 31. Ribs about 19. Interspinal bones behind anal mostly ending in little knobs to which the rays are joined. This fish is formed much like an alewife, but with the ventral plates much stronger. From Ellipes branneri it differs in the longer head, smaller mouth, shorter lower jaw, shorter ribs, more elongate body, and broader striate opercle. JorDAN: Fossm. FISHES FROM RiacHo Doce. 29 The type is a fine example, Collector’s Number 4, of which Collector’s Number 5 is the duplicate, equally well preserved. In numerous others, Collector's Numbers 5 to 23, also 26, 35, 36, 37, 39, 43, 44, 49, 70, 80, 81, and 104, the whole or a part of the body is preserved. Other fragments are Numbers 152 and 171. All are of about the same size, and in all the mouth seems to be small, though the shortness of the lower jaw in the type may be in part due to “‘telescoping.’’ Only one specimen, the type, shows the ventral fins. Collector's Number 6 is fairly preserved, and shows the mouth closed, the jaws subequal, the mouth apparently small. Number 7, with two specimens, shows the mouth small, the lower jaw projecting. The sides show a few shining scales, thin and small. Number 9 and Number 20 show a projecting chin, the mouth being small. Number 10 shows the mouth much asin type. In all, the posterior ventral scutes are distinct. They show none of the enlargements peculiar to Ellipes longicostatus (Cope). In Number 21 the posterior scutes are broadened, but not much enlarged. Ellipes longicostatus Cope. Diplomystus longicostatus Copr, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. XXIII, 1886, 3 (Upper Cretaceous, Bahia, Brazil) —Woopwarp, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6), II, 1888, 134 (Itacaranha).—Woopwarb, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), XV, 1895, 2, pl. 1, fig. 1 (Upper Cretaceous beach between Itacaranha and Plataforma, Brazil).— WoopwarbD, Cat. Fossil Fishes, IV, r901, 143 (same specimens). We found no specimens of this species, but present for comparison with the others a copy of Woodward’s figure (1895). (Plate XI.) The greatest elevation of the dorsal region and the great length of the ribs, as well as the position of the ventrals, will separate this from the other Brazilian species of Ellipes. DASTILBE Jordan, genus nov. (type, Dastilbe crandalli Jordan). ? Hplecopsis AGassiz, Poisson Fossiles, V, pt. 2, 1844, 139 (levis), name only. ? Halecopsis Woopwarp, Cat. Fossil Fishes, IV, 1901, 133; type, Osmeroides insignis Delvoux and Ortlieb. In this collection are very many well-preserved specimens of a species of herring-like fish not closely related to the genus Diplomystus, and ap- parently forming a new genus which we call Dastilbe. The following are the apparent characters of the genus: body moder- ately elongate, moderately compressed, the back but little less gibbous than the belly. No evidence of ventral scutes, the belly perhaps rounded. No trace of dorsal scutes No trace of anal finlets. Head probably 30 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. moderately acute, the mouth not very large, oblique, the jaws subequal. Opercle very large, longer than eye, smooth and convex; subopercle dis- tinct; preopercle well developed but not expanded; scales small, even, represented by depressions or pits; about 50 in lateral series. Dorsal fin median, short and high, of about 12 rays. Anal short and rather low, of about 12 rays; 2nd interhemal strong. Ribs short. Ventrals well developed, about as large as pectorals, inserted under front of dorsal. Pectorals moderate. Vertebree about 17+13=30. Caudal deeply forked. The opercle, nearly round, very large, smooth or slightly striated, shining black as preserved, is a most conspicuous feature of the broken specimens of this species. We are not able to place this fish in any of the recognized genera. Assuming that it is a herring, which is most probable, its nearest relative would seem to be the genus Halecopsis of the Eocene of Europe. But Halecopsis has the preopercle greatly expanded, while the opercle is moderately developed. The reverse is true in Dastilbe, in which the large opercle shining black in the fossil state is a most conspicuous feature of the fragments in the rocks. We name our species of this group Dastilbe crandalli. We are reasonably certain that it is distinct from a Brazilian fish described by Woodward as Scombroclupea scutata, as that species has forty vertebrz, a lower dorsal, and no traces of the very conspicuous opercle characteristic of Dastilbe. In any event, our fish cannot be a Scombroclupea. The generic traits of Scombroclupea, the finlets and scutes behind the anal, and the strong short plates along the ventral line are wanting in Dastilbe crandalli. 3. Dastilbe crandalli Jordan (sp. nov.) ?,Scombroclupea scutata WOODWARD, Quart. Journ. Geol. Society, LXIV, No. 255, 1908, 360, pl. XLIII, fig. 3, 4. (IIhéos, Brazil.) The following account is drawn particularly from No. 91, 2} inches in length, collected by Dr. J. C. Branner, at Riacho Doce (Plate IX, fig. 9). Body moderately elongate, compressed, the depth 34 in length to base of caudal. Head 34 in length. Head badly crushed in all speci- mens, especially anteriorly, the eye apparently about as long as the snout; snout moderately acute, but crushed; mouth not very large, oblique, its structure apparently as usual in herrings. Opercle unusually large, form- ing nearly two-fifths length of head; about as deep as long, convex, and nearly smooth. [tis shining black as seen in the rocks, and is recognizable, however crushed the specimen may be. Subopercle rather large, evident JorpDAN: FossiL FisHes FROM Riacuo Doce. dl n some specimens, crushed under the opercle in others. Preopercle pre- served in one or two examples only, normally formed, rather large, but not expanded, its angle about a right angle. Some shining bones or plates on top of head. Vertebre 17 + 13 = 30 (to 32), those of the caudal portion relatively few, the caudal region barely half as long as the ab- dominal region. Distance from snout to nape rather more than from nape to front of dorsal. Dorsal rays not to be accurately counted, about 12 in number, perfect in one specimen, Number 71. very high, twice as high as long; anal rays apparently about 12. Ventrals well developed, about as large as pectorals, inserted below front of dorsal, and distinct in all specimens, the rays apparently 8. Pectoral short, placed low. Body marked with depres- sions, the imprint of small rounded scales, these about 50 in a linear series. Anterior interspinal bones of dorsal and anal better developed than usual in herrings. Caudal long, sharply forked, the lobes equal, 1$ in head. No trace of ventral nor of dorsal scutes. No trace of finlets behind anal. Ribs short, rather straight, about 19 in number. The type of this specimen mentioned is pressed flat in black shale, the head interiorly crushed, and not clearly shown. Its salient traits are its form, the development of its ventral fins, the absence of the scutes so well developed in Brazilian species of Diplomystus, the development of its interhemals and the shortness of the ribs and the large size of the opercle. Besides No. 91, here figured, we have 92, its duplicate, equally well preserved, 2# inches ‘ong. No. 112, also figured (Plate IX, fig. 12), is very small, scarcely more than an inch long, and Numbers 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 73) 75) 76, 77) 745 78, 82, 86, 87, 84, 88, 89, 90, 91, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97; Boze 102) 105, 107, L10, Vit, 1i2, 113; 118, PIG, 120; 121,122, 123, 124, $26.0 327,125,,120, 13,132,133, 1345, 195) 196, 197, 198,199, 200, are of various sizes up to 3 inches, and in fair condition of preservation. In Number 71 the dorsal fin is well preserved, and is unusually high, twice as high as Jong, the longest ray nearly as long as head. In Number 195, a crushed head, the opercle and preopercle are conspicuous. This speci- men we figure (Plate IX, fig. 11). In Number 200 (Plate IX, fig. 10) the head is lost, but the body is very well preserved and the scale imprints are very evident. We figure this specimen also. In many specimens the large opercle, crushed and dislocated, smooth and shining black, is conspicuous. Broken fragments, mostly identifiable by the large opercles, or by the ventral fins, are the following Numbers: 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 143 32 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 146, 147, 149, 150, 151, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 172, 173, 174, 176; 178, 179, LéO~ 0812182; 183, 184, 185, 187, 188, 189, 190, I9I, 192, 193, 203, 205, 207, 209, 210, 15; 216, 217, 218, 220, 223,224), 2255, 227, 220.230 3, 234, 235, 237, 239, 241, 242, 243, 245, 246, 247, 248, 250, 55, 256, 257, 258, 260, oo 262, 265, and 266. Of Fhese: all numbers above 202 are very fragmentary and of little value. In none of these is there any trace of the small scutes at the ends of the interhemal bones mentioned and figured by Dr. Woodward. This species agrees in many respects with the two fragmentary speci- mens from Ilhéos, named Scombroclupea scutata by Dr. Woodward. But in none of our specimens, although fairly perfect, do we find any trace of the little scales or scutes at the tip of each interspinal bone behind the anal fin figured by Dr. Woodward and considered by him to be the bases of finlets nor do we find any trace of ventral scutes, and there could have been none of these in life. Moreover, Scombroclupea scutata has 40 vertebre instead of about 30, as in D. crandalli. It is evident that our species cannot belong to Scombroclupea, as in that genus finlets are present behind the anal fin, and the ventral ridge is armed with strong plates, as in Diplomystus. The genus Halecopsis seems nearer to our specimens, but the character of the enlarged preopercle, which defines Halecopsis, cannot be verified on any of them. In Woodward’s scheme, they might be referable to Clupea, but none of the fossil fishes called Clupea are congeneric with the Common Herring, Clupea harengus. Among other points of difference, Clupea has over 50 vertebree, and no Tertiary or Cretaceous fish with 30 vertebre belongs in the same genus as the common living herring. If the detached ventral ridge scale figured by Woodward really came from the specimen on which it lies, his species, scutata, may be really a Scombroclupea, in which case our species is unquestionably different. This species is named for Mr. Roderic Crandall, of Stanford University, assistant to Dr. Branner on this expedition, and now geologist to the Geological Survey of Brazil. Family CHIROCENTRIDZ. 4. Chiromystus alagoensis Jordan, (sp. nov.) In the collection are several fragments of a large fish, about a foot long, apparently be'onging to the genus Chiromystus, figured by Allport (with- out name) and later described by Cope and by Woodward oe the Upper Cretaceous at Bahia. JorDAN: Fosstt FIsHEs FROM RIACHO Doce. 33 Our species, from the Eocene, seems somewhat different from Chiromys- tus mawsont Cope, and we give it the name of Chiromystus alagoensis. The type, Number 100, with its duplicate, Number 106, represents the jaws and part of the skull, with other crushed structures, the broad and strong pectoral fins being attached. The first ray of the pectoral is very broad and flat, and there are five other rays well defined, with traces of two or three more. The membranes connecting the first three rays are represented and are distinctly striate. The mouth is very large, with a long, curved maxillary, extending to the articulation of the lower jaw and extending far beyond the point where the eye seems to have been located. In the front of the maxillary are moderate teeth. The jaws are subequal, the cleft of the mouth oblique, the lower jaw very heavy, with a prominent lateral ridge and a longitudinal depression below. There are a number of moderate, subequal teeth preserved. Number 116 (Plate IX, fig. 15), with its duplicate, Number 117, represent the pelvis of a fish, with two ventral fins, each with about six broad, articulated rays, the first two or three very wide, and all much branched towards their tips. As these fins are about an inch long, they must have belonged to a large fish, certainly the same as number 100, and probably to the same species as number 114 also. According to Woodward, the ventral fins in Chiromystus mawsoni are very small. If C. alagoensis is also a Chiromystus. the size of these fins will indicate a specific difference. The form of the jaws in this fish agrees very fairly with Allport’s figure (Quart. Journ. Geol., XVI, 1860, Pl. XIV, fig. 4). Collector’s Number 114 (Plate XIII) and its duplicate, Number 115, represent the posterior part of a long vertebral column, containing 30 vertebre and indicating that the total number must have been 50 or 60. The vertebre are about as long as deep, double concave, each posteriorly, with three coarse ridges on each side between these’ two deep, longitu- dinally extended pits. The caudal fin is slender, the lower half preserved, apparently deeply forked, the anterior rays springing from the last five of the vertebra. The caudal seems to have been deeply forked, and sharp at tips, the rays stout at base and jointed. There are traces of a long anal fin, with here and there a ray preserved, and in the surface of the specimen there are traces of what may have been small cycloid scales, but possibly only fragments of skin. Number 202 is a part of the vertebral column of a smaller example of the same species, but in such bad condition as to show nothing. The 34 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. caudal fin of Number 114 suggests at first sight the figure of Mawsonia minor, as given by Woodward, Quart. Journ. Geol., LIV, 1908, 358, Plate XLIV, a Brazilian Cretaceous fish. But that species isa Celacanth, with imperfect or cartilaginous vertebra, and it can have no real affinity with this species, which is doubtless one of the Chirocentrid herrings. AGE OF DEposiTs AT RIACHO DOCE. Judging from our knowledge of similar fishes among the existing species, it is probable that the shales of Riacho Doce were deposited in an estuary, and that their age is Lower Eocene, possibly but not probably Upper Cretaceous. Most of the known species of Diplomystus are of later than Cretaceous date. It is also noteworthy that in the Cretaceous about Bahia and about Ceara, none of the species here noted from Riacho Doce were taken. On the other hand, the species found at Riacho Doce are all unlike any yet seen in the Cretaceous. All this would seem to show that the rocks examined in the state of Alagdas are Eocene, while those about Bahia are of the Upper Cretaceous. “SUIMIOA AY ‘UOT}E}S [ISSOY ‘(SaTBYS JOAN ude) oUV0q] OY} WOT] ‘euTOF]eD Jo AyIstoAtuy) vy} ul UsuTTODds eB WO ‘odo, snypzuap snyskuorgiq: ASI —— = — “HA IPA “ANASOW FISINYVD SIVNNV_ a —— ~ *puel[oy “f “AA “ICT JO udIssossod ul ‘SUIIOA AA “[ISSOY ‘SoTeYS ToARY Uooiry Wioazy UdUTO0dS ‘odod snjpjuap snisKuiojdiq TA "ld ‘HA IPA (WNASNW JIS3SNYVD STYNNY *SUIWIOA AA JO SATRYS JOAN UddI4) WOT] ATISTOATUL, PIOJURIS UT UaUTTDNdS ‘ueplOf DuUMIO0a DIVYSIUY So hsp eee BS yas 9G : SSUES Bi aa Peart a of STE Seth “WA 2% Id IIA “ISA ‘ANASNW JIDSSNYVO STVYNNY ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Vol. VII. Plate VIII. 3. Ellipes branneri Jordan, sp. nov. C. M. No. £242.) 4. Ellipes branneri Jordan, sp. nov. 5. Ellipes branneri Jordan, sp. nov. . iter cate a Type. From Riacho Doce, Alagoas, Brazil. (Coll. No. (Coll. No. 29; in Leland Stanford Jr. Univ. Museum.) (Coll. No. 3; C. M. No. 242.) I; ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Vol VII. Plate IX. 6. Ellipes branneri (Coll. No. 125; C. M. No. 3)%'"). 9. Dastilbe crandalli (Coll. No. 91; ) C.M. No. £347). 10. Dastilbe crandalli (Coll. No. 200; C. M. No. °s%'5"). 11. Dastilbe cran- dalli (Coll. No. 195; C. M. No. 5,347). 12. Dastilbe crandalli (Coll. No. 112; C. M. No. 77's"). 13. Dastilbe crandalli (Coll. No. 155; C. M. No. >”). 15. Chiromystus alagoénsis (Coll. Loo No. 116; C. M. No. 52,48). Ca¥ ¢ ON ‘WO ‘VON ‘T119D) “TOD JouURIg “5D ‘[ ‘]Izerg ‘seoseypy ‘oooq oyoery wor ‘odAy ‘uepjof szswaapid sad1psy X ld ‘HA ISA ‘ANASNW JISJNYVD STVNNV (1 ‘1d ‘AX “JOA ‘198 9 “qstq{ ‘JeN “seyy pue ‘uuy wos ‘prempoodry Joy) ‘"[lzerg ‘eyuereov{] ‘dod snzp7s0913U0] sadipzy JO vinsy Jo uotoNpoidoy 2\ pee ww Senet Y > | SON e Way, "IX id ‘IIA ISA ‘ANASNW JZIDSNYVOD STIVNNV a = Ja . a = we a eee = - — or —— 3 ‘ . 7) ee. o —— se = = —— ‘ 7 7S = ‘ > Pac - J — } / f , i} "us : 4 “a =. 2 - e ‘ ’ =i 7 4 - } : ° | | = ; /| . ae ‘ 9 4 - : ‘ C&L ON CIN (OD [001 ‘ON "]]OD) ‘pIzeIrg ‘990q OYoRIY WoIy ‘eddy ‘uep1of sisugospjD snjsKucoary dy 9FCS “WX 9?Id HA ISA WNASNW JISSNYVOD STVNNY Colipele (ON ‘SHI “AVD SPIT ON ‘YJOD) ‘[lzeag ‘990q oye ‘“uepIOL szsugosnjD snjsKwmosyyD “THX 3%Id IA ISA WNASNW SISSNYVD STYNNY y III. NOTES ON ORDOVICIAN TRILOBITES. II. ASAPHID FROM THE BEEKMANTOWN. By Percy E. RAYMOND. Asaphids first become prominent in American faunas in the Beekman- town, but few species have been described from that formation, it being the usual custom to refer any smooth-tailed species to Asaphus canalis. A closer study of some of the material shows that the hypostoma of two of the Beekmantown Asaphids is not forked, so that they can not belong to the same genus as Asaphus canalis Whitfield, nor even to the same section of the family. As for the Asaphus canalis of Whitfield, the writer will attempt to show that it is more nearly related to Jsotelus than to Asaphus, but that it can not be placed in either genus. Family ASAPHIDAE Emmrich. ISOTELOIDES Genus nov. This genus is proposed to include Asaphide with forked hypostoma, long and narrow form, narrow axial lobe, feebly outlined glabella which does not reach front of cephalon, glabellar furrows faint or absent, neck furrow nearly obsolete, and a small median tubercle present on the glabella. Pygidium with prominent, narrow axial lobe, but with slight traces of segmentation Flattened border present on pygidium and front of cephalon. Type, Asaphus canalis Whitfield. This genus is separated from Asaphus because the glabella does not reach to the front of the cephalon, nor does it expand toward the front, because of the almost obsolete neck and dorsal furrows, the long and narrow form, and the presence of a flattened border on cephalon and pygi- dium. It agrees with Asaphus in the form of the hypostoma, which has the wings separated from the convex body by deep grooves. It also agrees with Asaphus in possessing a narrow axial lobe, a defined glabella, and a median pustule on the posterior portion of the glabella. These are, however, characters common to several genera among the Asaphide. The most important characteristics of the typical Asaphus seem to be the short and wide form of the cephalon and pygidium, the absence of a depressed border at either extremity, the fact that the glabella expands 35 36 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. toward the front and reaches the anterior margin, the form of the hypo- stoma, and the absence of spines at the genal angles. In all these points (except in the form of the hypostoma) Jsoteloides is unlike Asaphus. I 2 3 4 Fic. 1. Isotelus gigas Dekay. Outline drawing of young specimen, for com- parison with fig. 4. Fic. 2. Asaphus expansus (Linné). Compare proportions of cephalon and shape of glabella with 1 and 4. Fic. 3. Asaphus expansus (Linné). Side view of an enrolled specimen. Notice the lack of a concave border round the cephalonand pygidium. 2 and 3 after Salter. Fic. 4. Isoteloides whitfieldi Raymond. Outline drawing of a specimen in the Carnegie Museum. Isoteloides agrees with Jsotelus in having the dorsal furrows and neck ring very faint on the cephalon, in the almost entire absence of segmenta- tion on the pygidium, in having a depressed border on the pygidium, and in the presence of spines at the genal angles. It differs from Jsotelus in the form of the hypostoma, in having a defined glabella and a median tubercle, and in having a narrow axial lobe. Isotelus angusticaudus Raymond of the Chazy and Asaphus homalno- toides Walcott of the Black River and Trenton appear to belong to this genus. Isoteloides whitfieldi nomen nov. Plate XIV, figures 1-4. Asaphus canalis WHITFIELD, Bulletin American Museum Natural History, I, 1886, 336, pl. 34, figs. 1-8. (not of Conrad or Hall).—WuiITFIELD, Bulletin American Museum Natural History, II, 1889, 64, pls. 11, 12. Not Asaphus or Isotelus canalis of Conrad, Hall, Billings, Clarke, Cleland, or Weller. The first mention of the specific name canalis as applied to an Asaphid was by Hall in the ‘Paleontology of New York,’’ Vol. I, p. 25. Hall RAYMOND: NOTES ON ORDOVICIAN TRILOBITES. 37 credits the name to Conrad, in manuscript, and describes and figures the hypostoma and doublure of a large trilobite. These fragments and the brief description do not serve to define a species. The specimens were from the upper part of the Chazy a little west of Chazy village, New York. From what is now known of the Asaphide of the Chazy it seems most probable that these fragments belong to what is now known as Jsotelus harrisi Raymond. As this can not be determined, the name Asaphus canalis has no meaning. The species described by Whitfield, coming as it does from a much lower horizon, can not by any possibility be the species of which Hall had fragments, and the name canalis should not be applied toit. I therefore propose to name it for the late Professor R. P. Whitfield, to whom we owe a full and accurate description of the species. Genus ASAPHELLUS Callaway. Asaphellus Callaway, Quarterly Journal Geological Society London, XXXIII, 1877, 663. This name was proposed by Callaway for Asaphus homfrayi Salter, chiefly on account of the entire hypostoma. It has been considered by Brogger and Schmidt as a subgenus of Niobe, and is indeed very similar to that genus, but differs fundamentally in the course of the suture in Fic. 5. Niobe insignis Linnarsson. Outline to show course of facial suture. Thorax supplied. Cephalon and pygidium after Brogger. front of the eye In Asaphellus the course of the suture is entirely on the dorsal surface of the cephalon and the two sutures meet in a point in the middle of the anterior margin as in Asaphus and Isotelus. For the sake of brevity this will be referred to hereafter as the [soteliform suture. In Niobe the suture cuts the anterior margin in front of the eye, and follows around the frontal margin asin Nileus. This will be called the Niobiform suture. Among the Asaphide with forked hypostomas the Jsoteliform suture prevails, Asaphus, Onchometopus, Ptychopyge, Isoteloides, and Iso- 38 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. ielus all having this type, while Basilicus is the only member of the group with the Niobiform suture. On the other hand those trilobites with an undivided hypostoma usually have the Niobiform suture, it being present in Ogygia, Ptychocheilus, Asaphelina, Niobe, Symphysurus, Illenurus, N1- leus, Barrandia, Homalopteon, and Platypeltis A few genera which have the undivided hypostoma do have the Jsoteliform suture, namely, Mega‘as- pis, Megalaspides, Asaphellus (as here restricted) and Ogygia corndensis, a: species which Salter and Brogger have both said was not an Ogygza, but which they could not refer to any existing genus. Taking into con- sideration these facts, it does not seem possible to place Asaphellus as a subgenus of Niobe, or to place in one subgenus species having both types of suture, as Brogger has done in emending Asaphellus so as to include Asaphus affinis McCoy, Ogygia desiderata Barrande, and other species which are here referred to a new subgenus of Niobe.! Fic. 6. Asaphellus homfrayi (Salter). Outline of compressed specimen. After Salter. Fic. 7. Hemigyraspis affinis (McCoy). Outline of a somewhat distorted specimen. After Salter. The genus Asaphellus is here restricted to trilobites having the same characteristics as the type species, Asaphus homfrayi Salter. The facial suture is entirely on the dorsal surface as in Jsotelus, the glabella is smooth and hardly defined, also as in Jsotelus, but there is a median pustule on the glabella, the hypostoma is not forked, and the thorax has a narrow axial lobe. There is no neck ring, the neck furrow is extremely shallow, and the spines at the genal angles are long and nearly circular in cross: 1*Ueber die Ausbildung des Hypostomes bei einigen Skandinavischen Asaphi- den,” Bihang till K. Svenska Vet. Akad, Handlingar, Band XI, 1886, p. 55. Also his. article on the ‘““Euloma-Niobe Fauna,’’ Nyt Mag. for Naturvidensk, Band XXXV,. 1806. RAYMOND: NOTES ON ORDOVICIAN TRILOBITES. 39 section The pygidium is nearly smooth, the axial lobe being only faintly defined, and nearly all traces of segmentation lost. Beside the type species, the genus as restricted will include Asaphellus homfrayi Matthew var. from the Tremadoc of Cape Breton, and the two new species here described. Asaphellus gyracanthus sp. nov. Plate XIV, figures 5-7. Asaphus canalis? CLELAND, Bulletin American Paleontology, III, 1900, 128, pl. 16, figs. 7, 8.—CLELAND, Bulletin American Paleontology, IV, 1903, 38. Isotelus canalis WELLER, Paleontology New Jersey, III, 1902, p. 132, pl. 5, figs. ie loe This asaphid is very abundant in the Beekmantown at Fort Hunter, New York, but no complete specimens have been found. From the gen- eral shape of the pygidia and free cheeks Cleland concluded that the trilobite was probably Asaphus canalis, but the discovery of an unforked hypostoma of the Asaphellus type associated with the specimens shows that it belongs to another section of the family. Only one fairly complete cranidium, that mentioned by Cleland, seems to have been found. Through the kindness of Professor Harris I have been able to see this specimen. There are hardly any traces of dorsal furrows, so that the glabella is as flat as in Jsotelus. In front of the glabella is a narrow depressed border. While there are no entire cephala known, the shape of the anterior end of the cranidium is such as to indicate that the facial sutures met in a point on the margin and that the whole course of the suture is on the dorsal surface. The eyes are not so far forward as in Hemigyraspis collieana and are closer together. Between them is a minute pustule. The free cheeks are broad, flat. and bear long spines at the genal angles. The pygidium is semicircular in outline, evenly convex with a narrow depressed border. The axial lobe is not promi- nent, but there are traces of three or four rings at the anterior end. The hypostoma, of which there is a single specimen in the Carnegie Museum, is similar to that of Hemigyraspis collieana, a figure of which is given on the plate. The pygidium of this species differs from that of Isofeloides whitfieldi in having the axial lobe much less clearly outlined and in being shorter in proportion to the width, as well as in the general contour, the whole surface being evenly convex in the specimens of Asaphellus gyracanthus, while in Jsoteloides whitfieldi the axial and pleural lobes are prominent. 40 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. The pygidia resemble more closely those of Hemigyraspis collieana, but are a little longer in proportion to the width, and have a less prominent axial lobe. The genal spines are very unlike those of Isoveloides whitfeld1, being circular in section and very long. It appears from Weller’s figures that this same species occurs in New Jersey. Asaphellus monticola sp. nov. Plate XIV, figure 8. In a collection of fossils recently acquired by the Carnegie Museum there is a nearly complete specimen of an Asaphellus collected by Monsieur Jean Miquel at the Montagne Noire, Herault, France. It is such an excellent example of the genus as restricted, that I can not refrain from describing it. The form is long and narrow, the cranidium flat, the glabella not out- lined, the dorsal furrows not present on the cephalon except as depressions on the posterior margin. The eyes are small, situated one-third the length of the head from the posterior margin. There is a very shallow neck- furrow, but no neck-ring, and there is a small median pustule on the pos- terior portion of the glabella. The thorax has eight segments, the axial lobe is one-third the total width, and the pleura are deeply grooved. The pygidium is subtriangular with a narrow concave border, the axial lobe is only faintly defined, and there are scarcely any traces of segmentation. The total length of the specimen is 47 mm.; the width at the middle of the thorax 23 mm. The cranidium is 18 mm. long; the pygidium 16 mm. long and 23 mm. wide. This species differs from Asaphellus homfrayi Salter chiefly in the pygidium, which is narrower and has a much narrower concave border. Our specimen is not distorted, but the form is much more like the com- pressed specimen figured by Salter (‘British Trilobites,”’ Pl. 24, fig. 6) than like any of the other specimens figured. The French specimen is much narrower than the Asaphellus homfrayi var. figured by Matthew. There is another species associated with this at the Montagne Noire with a smooth cranidium, and which might be confused with the one here described. This second species has, however, a short and wide cephalon and pygidium, and the facial suture is of the Niobe type. It is probably Hemigyraspis desiderata (Barrande). Locality —The specimen here described was collected at Le Priou, near RAYMOND: NOTES ON ORDOVICIAN TRILOBITES. 41 Pierrerue and L’Chinian, Herault, France, by Monsieur Jean Miquel. The horizon was in the middle of the Tremadoc. ‘The holotype is in the Carnegie Museum. Genus NiosBeE Angelin. Subgenus Hemigyraspis nov. This subgenus is proposed for Asaphide with entire hypostoma, smooth, undefined glabella which does not reach to the anterior margin, no glabellar furrows and no neck-ring, facial sutures whose anterior limbs cut the frontal margin in front of the eye (Niobiform), thorax with narrow axial lobe, pygidium semicircular and nearly ribless. Type, Asaphus affinis McCoy, as described by Salter, ‘Monograph British Silurian Trilobites,”’ Pe lV, figs. 53,°14, p. 164. Members of this subgenus are very similar to the species of Asaphellus, but the facial sutures are of different types in the two. Hemigyraspis is similar to Niobe, but the glabella is not defined by dorsal furrows as in that genus, there is no neck-ring, there are spines at the genal angles, and the pygidium is nearly smooth. Beside the type species, Ogygia desiderata Barrande, Niobe menapiensis Hicks, and JN. solvensis Hicks, all of which have been referred to A saphellus by Brogger, and Asaphellus? planus Ma thew appear to belong to this subgenus. Hemigyraspis collieana sp. nov. Plate XIV, figures 9-13. Asaphus marginalis Co.Lvir, Bulletin Geological Society of America, XIV, 1903, 413. (In faunal lists.) Not of Hall. In the section at Bellefonte, Center County, Pennsylvania, Professor Collie found a zone 937 feet above the base of the exposed Beekmantown, and 3,866 feet below the top of that formation, in which an Asaphid was very abundant. The trilobite was supposed to be Asaphus marginalis Hall, a species which was very imperfectly known at that time. Professor Collie very kindly gave the writer a number of specimens of this trilobite, and among them I find a small unforked hypostoma, showing that this species can not be referred to the same genus as Asaphus marginalis (Basilicus). DESCRIPTION. Cephalon short and wide, glabella smooth, not outlined, no glabellar furrows. Neck-furrow shallow, hardly visible. Eyes nearly halfway to the front of the cephalon, large, very far apart. Between the eyes is a small median tubercle. Free cheeks short, wide, with long narrow spines 42 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. at the genal angles. The anterior limb of the facial suture meets the frontal margin in front of the eye. There is a narrow depressed border on the front of the cranidium. Axial lobe of thorax one-third the total width; pleura grooved. Pygi- dium short, wide, semicircular in outline. Axial lobe narrow, rathe1 prominent, showing traces of two or three rings. Pleural lobes convex, without traces of ribs. Border narrow, concave; doublure narrow, con- vex. Hypostoma quadrangular, widest in front, central portion convex, with a furrow and narrow border around the sides and posterior end. Surface of all parts, including the hypostoma, covered with imbricating strie. One pygidium is 9.5 mm. long and 18 mm. wide; a larger one is 14 mm. long and 28 mm. wide. This species differs from the only other American species of the sub- genus now known (Asaphellus? planus Matthew)? in having a more promi- nent axial lobe on the pygidium, and in having the median tubercle between the eyes instead of back of them. The genal spines are also longer and more rounded in section. This species is also much like Asaphellus gyracanthus, but beside the difference in the course of the facial suture, the cephalon of the species here described is shorter and wider, the eyes are farther apart, and the axial lobe of the pygidium is much more prominent. Locality—This species is described from specimens from a layer 3,866 feet below the top of the Beekmantown at Bellefonte, Center County, Pennyslvania. It is named for Professor George L. Collie, Dean of Beloit College, who collected the specimens. Cotypes in the Carnegie Museum. Symphysurus convexus (Cleland). Plate XIV, figures 14-16. Asaphus convexus CLELAND, Bulletin American Paleontology, III, 1900, 128, pl 16, fig. 4. Bathyurus sp. CLELAND, Ibidem, 1900, pl. 16, fig. 9. Illenurus columbiana WELLER, Paleontology of New Jersey, III, 1902, 133, pl. 5, figs. 1-4. Bathyurus? levis CLELAND, Bulletin American Paleontology, IV, 1903, 36, pl. 2, figs.(f, 2. This species was first described from a pygidium obtained by Cleland in the Beekmantown at Fort Hunter, New York. Later Weller obtained 2Bulletin Natural History Society New Brunswick, IV, 1902, 413, pl. 18, fig. 11 RAYMOND: NOTES ON ORDOVICIAN TRILOBITES. 43 specimens from the same horizon at Columbia, New Jersey, and referred the species to J//lenurus. In this genus Cleland’s name was preoccupied, and therefore Weller was forced to give a new name. The genus ///enurus was proposed by Hall® for a trilobite found near the middle of the Potsdam sandstone near Osceola Mills, Wisconsin. This genus appears to be closely related to Symphysurus, as Brogger has al- ready suggested (‘‘Euloma-Niobe Fauna,” p. 72). There is, however, a real difference between the two genera, for Symphysurus has a narrow axial lobe in the thorax, and a pygidium nearly as long as wide, with a distinct axial lobe. In J//@nurus the axial lobe of the thorax is very wide, asin Nileus, the pygidium is twice as wide as long, and has no trace of an axial lobe. 8 9 Fic. 8. Symphysurus sicardi (Bergeron). Outline of a specimen in the Carnegie Museum. Fic. 9. Illenurus quadratus Hall. Outline restored from the various parts figured by Hall. The axial lobe of anterior thoracic segments has been made a little too wide. The pygidium of the species described by Cleland and Weller is nearly as long as wide and has a distinct axial lobe, thus agreeing with Sym- bhysurus rather than I/lenurus. The thorax of this species is not known, but it is highly probable that the axial lobe is narrow, as it is in all trilo- bites whose pygidia have narrow axial lobes. It will be noticed that the glabella in Hemigyraspis and Asaphellus is broad, but the axial lobe on the pygidium is narrow, as is the axial lobe of the thorax also. In Jsotelus, Nileus, and Illenurus quadratus, where the axial lobe of the thorax is very broad, there is almost no trace of an axial lobe on the pygidium. Symphysurus convexus is very similar to Symphysurus angustatus Sars 376th Report New York State Cabinet Natural History, 1863, 176, pl, 7. 44 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. and Boeck of Norway and to S. sicardi (Bergeron) of southern France. A figure of the latter species, drawn from a specimen in the Carnegie Museum, is introduced for comparison. The dorsal furrows are more prominent on the cephalon of the European species, but otherwise they are very much alike. Through the kindness of Mr. Henry B. Kummel, State Geologist of New Jersey, the writer has been able to study the fine cranidium figured by Dr. Weller, and to compa-e it with material from Fort Hunter The specimens from the two localities are alike in all particulars except size, and the specimen from New Jersey shows the small median tubercle between the eyes described by Cleland in specimens from New York. Illenurus eurekensis Walcott from the lower portion of the Pogonip group® should also be referred to Symphysurus, as Brogger has already suggested. Illenurus convexus Whitfield® has a pygidium much more like that of the typical I//enurus than either of the above species. The pygidium is described by Whitfield as being twice as broad as long and the dorsal furrows indicated only by slight constrictions on the anterior margin. This is probably a true J//enurus, though the cranidum is more like that of the species here discussed than it is like that of I//enurus quadratus. ees illenoides Billings (Paleozoic Fossils of Canada, Vol. I, p. 414) is another American species of Symphysurus. All specimens with the exception of the originals of figs. 5, 6, and 14 are in the Carnegie Museum. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIV. 1. Isoteloides whitheldi Raymond. A small specimen from the Beekmantown at Crown Point, New York. Natural size. This figure does not show the flattened anterior margin as well as figure 2. Natural size. 2. The same specimen. A little less than natural size. 3. The same species. A pygidium from Fort Cassin, Vermont. 4. The same species. An hypostoma from Ft. Ticonderoga, New York. Natural size. 5. Asaphellus gyracanthus Raymond. An imperfect cranidium from Fort Hunter, New York. Natural size. Specimen in the Cornell University Museum. 6. The same species. A free cheek from the same locality and same collection as the last. Natural size. 7. Thesame species. A pygidium from Fort Hunter in the Carnegie Museum. Natural size. ” ‘4Brogger, ‘‘Die Silurischen Etagen 2 und 3,’’ 1882, 60, pl. 3, figs. 9-11 5Paleontology of the Eureka District, 97, pl. 12, figs, 4. 4a. ®Geology Wisconsin, IV, 203. pl. 4. figs 3-5 ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Vol. VII. Plate XIV i mz 13 16 = — —— a ; -_ ss aa eS _— ; 4 > 15 LUE Sydney Prentice, del. Beekmantown Trilobites. RAYMOND: NOTES ON ORDOVICIAN TRIBOLITES. 45 8. Asaphellus monticola Raymond. This holotype is from the Tremadoc at the Montagne Noire, Herault, France, Natural size. ; 9. Hemigyraspis collieana Raymond. A pygidium from Bellefonte, Pennsyl- vania. Natural size. : 10. The same species. Another pygidium from the same locality. Natural size. 11. The same species. An imperfect cranidium from the same locality as the last. Natural size. 12. The same species. A free cheek from the same locality. Twice natural size. 13. The same species. An hypostoma from the same locality. Natural size: 14. Symphysurus convexus (Cleland). From the specimen figured by Weller as Illenurus columbiana. Specimen in the collection of the Geological Survey of New Jersey. Natural size. I5, 16. Two small pygidia of the same species from Fort Hunter, New York. Natural size. 17. Symphysurus sicardi (Bergeron). A specimen from the Tremadoc at the Montagne Noire, Herault, France, for comparison with S. convexus Natural size. IV. NOTES ON ORDOVICIAN TRILOBITES. III. ASAPHIDZ FROM THE LOWVILLE AND BLACK RIVER. By Percy E. RAYMOND AND J. E. NARRAWAY. In a previous paper in these Annals we dealt with the I//enide col- lected by Mr. Narraway in the vicinity of Ottawa, Canada. The present paper is based largely on fossils collected by him in the same region, but the majority of the specimens figured are in the Carnegie Museum. The Asaphide of these formations are less numerous and diversified than the Illenide, and the specimens are not so well preserved. In the present paper Bathyurus longispinus, the hypostoma of Bathyurus extans, the free cheek of Bathyurus spiniger, and the cephalon of Jsoteloides homal- notoides are figured for the first time. The cephalon, thorax, and hypo- stoma of Basilicus romingeri have not previously been figured or described, and a new species of Schmidt’s genus Onchometopus is recognized. This latter genus has not previously been reported in this country. To the list of trilobites published in our previous paper as occurring in the Black River at Ottawa should be added Cyphaspis trentonensis Weller and Jsoteloides homalnotoides (Walcott). Bathyurus extans should be removed from the list, and Asaphus romingeri Walcott should read Basilicus romingeri (Walcott). The drawings on the plates were made by Mr. Sydney Prentice, and the photographs are by Messers. A. S. and L. S. Coggeshall. Family BATHYURID Miller Genus Batuyurus Billings. Bathyurus extans (Hall). Plate XV, figures 7, 8; Plate XVI, figure 5. Asaphus ? extans HA, Paleontology New York, I, 1847, 228, pl. 60, figs. 2a—2c ; Third Annual Report New York State Cabinet Natural History, 1850, 174, pl. 3, figs. ra—Ic. Asaphus ? nodostriatus Hatt, Paleontology New York, I, 1847, 248, pl. 61, figs. Ia, Ib. Bathyurus extans BILLINGS, Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, IV, 1859, 364; Geology Canada, 1863, 153, fig. 114.—-CLARKE, Paleontology Minnesota, III, li, 18907, 722, fig. 37. 46 RAYMOND—NARRAWAY: NOTES ON ORDOVICIAN TRILOBITES. 47 This well-known species is very abundant in the buff dolomite of the Lowville at Mechanicsville, Pelton’s quarry and other places near Ottawa. At some localities this is the only trilobite found in certain layers of the Lowville. In one layer at Mechanicsville where this is true, a few de- tached hypostomas have been found. Two of them are figured on the plates which accompany this article. In his original description of the genus Billings described the hypostoma as “‘oblong, not forked, somewhat oval, an elevated margin around the posterior two-thirds in some species, muscular impressions two, transverse or oblique, situated behind the mid- dle.”’ He did not givea figure, but in the ‘‘Paleozoic Fossils of Canada,”’ Volume I, page 408, he states that the hypostoma is exactly like that of Ogygia The hypostomas here figured are certainly similar to that of Ogygia, but they do n t answer well to Billings’ description. However, as Bathyurus extans is very abundant in the layer from which these specimens were obtained, and is the only trilobite present, it is believed that they belong to that species. The glabella of this species is strongly convex, and is outlined by deep dorsal furrows and a very narrow concave anterior border. There are two pairs of shallow glabellar furrows, and in well preserved specimens the test shows a very few fine pustules scattered over the surface, as well as numerous, fine, wavy striae. The neck-ring bears a low median pustule. The eyes are large and situated near the neck-ring. The free cheeks have narrow concave borders and the genal angles are drawn out into long spines. The thorax has nine segments, is strongly convex, the axial lobe narrow, the pleura flat on top and sloping gently at the sides. The pygidium is very convex, roughly triangular, and about three- fourths as long as wide. The axial lobe has two rings and a trace of a third on its anterior end. Otherwise it is smooth. The pleura slope rather abruptly to the narrow concave border, and show four pairs of broad segments, the fourth pair not well defined. On the first two pairs are slightly impressed lines. This species does not seem to occur in the Black River, being replaced in that formation by Bathyurus longispinus and B. spiniger. Bathyurus longispinus Walcott. Plate XVI, figures 12-14. Bathyurus longispinus WALCOTT, Twenty-eighth Annual Report New York State Museum, 1879, 94. ?Ptychopyge jerseyensis WELLER, Paleontology New Jersey, III, 1902, 193, pl. 14, fig. 16. 48 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Through the kindness of Curator Henshaw of the Museum of Com- parative Zoology we are able to present figures of the fine fossil which is the type of this species. The species has not previously been figured and has therefore been confused with Bathyurus extans. In B. longispinus the glabella is more pustulose, the brim! is wider and less concave, and the genal spines longer than in B. extans. The pygidia of the two species are quite different, that of B. extans being long and roughly triangular, while that of B. longispinus is nearly semicircular in outline, short and wide, and with a rather wide concave margin. The axial lobe of the pygidium is also shorter in this species than in B. extans, and has only two rings on the anterior end. The cephalon of the type is 26 mm. long, measured along the axis to the back of the neck-ring, and 50 mm. to the tips of the spines. The pygidium is 13 mm. long and 25 mm. wide. The fragment of a pygidium from the lower part of the Trenton of New Jersey which Weller described as Ptychopyge jerseyensis was very kindly loaned by Mr. Henry B. Kummel, State Geologist. It proves to belong to the genus Bathyurus, and while hardly specifically identifiable, its short wide form and its geological position indicate that it is B. longi- spinus. Locality —This species is rather common in the Black River at Newport, New York, but has not been reported elsewhere, perhaps because it has been identified as Bathyurus extans. It is not surely known to occur at Ottawa. Bathyurus spiniger (Hall). Plate XV, figures 4-6. Acidaspis spiniger HALL, Paleontology New York, I, 1847, 241, pl. 64, fig. 5. Bathyurus spiniger CLARKE, Paleontology of Minnesota, III, ii, 1897, 723, figs. 38-40. — Raymonp, Bulletin American Paleontology, III, 1902, pl. 19, figs. 1-3, In the Black River at Ottawa Bathyurus extans is replaced by Bathyurus spiniger, a species which ranges from the upper part of the Lowville to the middle of the Black River. The glabella is very convex, covered with sharp tubercles, and the neck- ring bears a short stout spine which projects upward and backward. On young specimens there are two pairs of glabellar furrows whose direction is at almost right angles to the axis of the glabella. The furrows can be found on adults, but they are exceedingly faint. The eyes are larze, the 1This term is proposed by Bather for the flattened border on the cephalon of Harpes. (Revista Italiana di Paleontologia, 1910, 4.) RAYMOND-—NARRAWAY: NOTES ON ORDOVICIAN TRILOBITES. 49 free cheeks rather small, the part below the eye being studded with sharp tubercles. The genal angles are produced into long spines. The pygidium is shorter than that of Bathyurus extans, and the axial lobe even more prominent. There are four pairs of strongly marked ribs on the pleural lobes, all but the last pair showing an impressed median line. The axial lobe shows two distinct rings and from one to three in- distinct ones, the smaller specimens showing the more rings. The first two rings bear median and lateral tubercles, and from the third and fourth rises a large spine which tapers rapidly and is curved backward. Back of this spine the axial lobe is nearly smooth, there being no strong rings, but there are usually a number of small tubercles arranged in rows parallel to the axis. Family ASAPHIDA£ Emmrich. Genus BAsILicus Salter. Basilicus romingeri (Walcott). Plate XV, figures 9-10; Plate XVI, figures 1-4. Asaphus romingeri WALCoTT, Twenty-eighth Annual Report New York State Museum, 1879, 96. Asaphus wisconsensis WALCOTT, ibidem, 1879, 97. Ptychopyge romingeri CLARKE, Paleontology Minnesota, III, ii, 1897, 700. Ptychopyge ulrichi CLARKE, ibidem, 1897, 709, figs. 12, 13. This species is fairly common in the Black River at Ottawa, though no complete specimens have been found. The facial suture proves to be marginal in front, and therefore this species belongs to Basilicus and not to Ptychopyge. Fic. 1. Basilicus tyrannus (Murchison). Outline drawing to show course of facial suture. After Salter. Fic. 2. Ptychopyge angustifrons (Dalman). Outline drawing to show facial suture. After Brogger. 50 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. In 1905 Messrs. Douglass and Raymond collected a large number of cranidia and free cheeks of a Basilicus from the ‘‘buff’’ limestone about 20 feet above the top of the St. Peter sandstone on Straight River, two miles south of Faribault, Minnesota. Associated with these portions of head shields were a couple of fragmentary pygidia which appear to agree w th the description of Ptychopyge ulr:chi Clarke. Compuar ng these speci- mens with those from the Black River of New York and Canada, we are unable to find differences of specific value. Ptychopyge ulricht was de- scribed from pygidia, the axial lobes of which bore eight or nine annula- tions, only three or four of which were well defined, and on the pleura were five pairs of ribs and a trace of a sixth, two or three more showing on the cast. This corresponds exactly with the specimens from New York and Canada. Walcott states that Asaphus wisconsensis differs from A. romingeri “by having a wider and less concave margin, with the glabella more convex and subquadrate in front.’ These variations are noticeable on the specimens from Ottawa and those from Minnesota, but it is always the small specimens which have the wide margin and the more convex glabella, so that these are probably characters of immaturity. While we have not seen the types, we are inclined to believe that the two names represent the same species. DESCRIPTION. Specimens from Ottawa.—Cranidium convex, expanded in front of the eyes, concave around the anterior margin. Glabella prominent, definitely outlined, constricted between the eyes, marked by a pair of diagonal glabellar furrows between the eyes and obscure basal lobe back of the eyes. Neck-ring narrow and convex, neck-furrow shallow. Just in front of the furrow is a prominent median tubercle. From the front of the glabella a low ridge crosses the concave border and ends in a blunt point on the margin. Palpebral lobes large. The whole surface of the test is covered with fine irregular striations. In young specimens the concave border is proportionally broader, the anterior portion of the glabella more tumid, and the glabellar furrows more deeply impressed than in mature ones. The pygidia are nearly semicircular, with wide concave borders. Axial lobe prominent, showing about eleven rings on the cast of a young speci- men and seven on a larger one. On the pleura are five or six pairs of prominent ribs. Specimens from New York.—A single pygidium was collected by Mr. RAYMOND—NARRAWAY: NOTES ON ORDOVICIAN TRILOBITES. 51 Raymond from the Black River at the typical locality at Newport. This is larger than any of those found by Mr. Narraway at Ottawa, the rings are very faint on the axial lobe, and there are only four pairs of nearly flat ribs on the pleura. In the collection at the Cornell University Museum there is a specimen labeled Asaphus canadensis from the ‘Birdseye’ at Poland, New York. This specimen, which is figured on Plate XV, fig. 10, is Basilicus romingert, and a large part of the pygidium, seven segments of the thorax, the hypostoma, and a large, but incomplete free cheek are preserved. The pygidium, which is largely exfoliated, shows six fairly distinct rings on the axial lobe, with three or four faint ones behind them, and there are six pairs of broad, low ribs on the pleura. The axial lobe of the thorax is narrow, gently convex. The pleural lobes are broad, flat, gently curved at the sides. The pleura are broad, and have wide shallow furrows which begin at the edge of the axial lobe and extend diagonally backward and outward. Free cheek large, with broad concave margin and a wide genal spine. Hypostoma short and broad, forked, the posterior lobes short and wide, and the scars of muscular attachment strong. Its form is shorter and wider than that of Jsotelus, and the body is definitely out- lined from the wings. The test on all parts, including the hypostoma, is covered with irregular striz. Specimens from Minnesota—The cranidia found in Minnesota do not differ in any way from those from Canada. A small specimen shows that the diagonal furrows between the eyes are distinct from those which isolate the basal lobes. The free cheeks have wide concave margins and broad genal spines. One of the two pygidia obtained is small and imperfect, but shows eight rings on the axial lobe and six pairs of ribs on the pleura. The large specimen is still more imperfect, but shows a wide concave margin and rather flat ribs. Genus AsApHus Brongniart. Subgenus ONCHOMETOPUS Schmidt. Onchometopus simplex sp. nov. Plate XVI, figures 6-8. Associated with the preceding in Minnesota is a trilobite which may be referred to Onchometopus, as both the cephalon and pygidium lack the concave border seen on almost all our American asaphids, and at the same time have a smoother glabella and a wider axial lobe than Asaphus. Bas licus romingeri, Isotelus gigas, and a species of Cybele witha glabella 52 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. like that of C. ella Narraway and Raymond were found in the same stratum as the species here described. DESCRIPTION. Cranidium moderately convex, slightly incurved at the front. Gla- bella flat, obscurely defined, expanding in front of the eyes and extending to the anterior margin; glabellar furrows absent, dorsal furrows present back of the eyes, very shallow. N ck-furrow absent. Eyes of medium size, situated a trifle more than their own length in front of the posterior margin. Behind the eyes there is a small median tubercle on the glabella. Free cheeks rounded at the genal angles. Thorax of eight flat segments. Axial lobe a little more than one-third the total width. Pleura with shallow grooves. Pygidium rounded in outline, three-fifths as long as wide. Axial lobe obscurely defined, the posterior end usually a little more prominent than the other portions. There are no annulations. The surface is uniformly convex, without concave border. This species is similar to Onchometopus obtusus (Hall) of the Chazy, but the shell lacks the very coarse puncte of that form, and there are fewer traces of glabellar furrows. It differs from Onchometopus suse (Whitfield) in having a longer pygidium with a narrower and more distinct axial lobe. Onchometopus may be readily distinguished from Jsotelus by the presence of a median tubercle on the glabella, the absence of a concave border on both cephalon and pygidium, and by the somewhat narrower axial lobe in the thorax. Locality—This species is quite abundant in the “buff’’ limestone, 20 feet above the top of the Saint Peter sandstone on Straight River, two miles south of Faribault, Minnesota. A single specimen was found in a quarry at Franklin Forge, Pennsylvania, and donated to the Carnegie Museum by Mr. Ernst W. Greiner. Genus ISOTELOIDES Raymond. Isoteloides homalnotoides (Walcott). Plate XVI, figures 9-11. Asaphus homalnotoides Watcott, Advanced Sheets Thirty-first Report New York State Museum, 1877, 20; Thirty-first Report New York State Museum, 18790, 71.—WHITFIELD, Geology of Wisconsin, IV, 1882, 237, pl. 5, fig. 4. Asaphus triangulatus WHITFIELD, Annual Report Geological Survey of Wisconsin, 1880, 50. RAYMOND—NARRAWAY: NOTES ON ORDOVICIAN TRILOBITES. 53 A single cranidium belonging to this species has been found in the Black River at Ottawa. It is fairly common in the Black River at Pattersonville, New York, and in the lower part of the Trenton (zone with Parastrophia hemitplicata), at Smith’s Basin. Both cephala and pygidia are apt to be confused with Jsotelus gigas, but the pygidia are more convex, more triangular, and have a narrow, prominent axial lobe. The glabella is obscurely outlined, there is a small median tubercle just in front of the neck-ring, and a pair of shallow, oblique glabellar furrows between the eyes. On the casts of the interior three pairs of glabellar furrows are faintly indicated. The axial lobe of the thorax is not so wide as in Jsotelus, being about one-third the total width. This species is referred to Isoteloides instead of Isotelus because of its faintly outlined glabella, the presence of glabellar furrows and a median pustule, and because of the narrow axial lobe. The hypostoma has not yet been seen. This species is more closely allied to [soteloides angusticaudus Raymond of the Chazy than to the type of the genus. Genus IsOTELUS Dekay. Isotelus gigas Dekay. Plate XV, figures I, 2. Tsotelus gigas DEKAyY, Annals Lyceum Natural History New York, I, 1824, 176, pl. 12, fig. r1—HAaLL, Paleontology New York, I, 1847, 231, pls. 60-63. No attempt is made to give the full synonymy of this species. ONTOGENY. The collections made by Mr. Narraway from the Black River near Ottawa contain a number of small and nearly complete specimens of this species which make it possible to observe with some completeness the later stages of growth. The smallest specimen consists of a pygidium with four thoracic seg- ments attached. The pygidium is three millimeters long and five wide, and the axial lobe of the thorax occupies exactly one-third the total width. The pygidium is nearly semicircular in outline, with a concave border. The axial lobe is very prominent and extends to this concave border. There are traces of six rings on the axial lobe, and three pairs of faintly outlined ribs on the pleura. Some pygidia a millimeter longer than this one show the segmentation more strongly than this particular specimen. 54 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. A pygidium from Trenton Falls has the same size and proportions as the one from the Black River just described. The smallest specimen retaining the cephalon is slightly larger, as the pygidium is 3.5 mm. long. This specimen is, unfortunately, slightly im- perfect, so that the length and breadth of the cephalon can not be ac- curately measured, but the cephalon appears to be about I mm. longer than the pygidium. The glabella is slightly convex, indistinctly outlined by dorsal furrows, and there are traces of three pairs of glabellat furrows and a neck-furrow. The furrows are not, however, much more strongly impressed than they are on some adults. In the middle of the neck-ring there is a slight swelling, suggesting a median tubercle. The eye which is preserved on this specimen is very large, being one-fourth the total length of the head, and situated slightly less than its own length from the posterior margin. Its actual position is, therefore, about the same as in the adult, but relatively it is a little further forward, its posterior margin being at a distance from the border of the cephalon equal to one-fourth the length of the head. An adult, with cephalon 50 mm. long, has eyes 7.5 mm. long, and they are situated 8 mm. from the posterior margin, Genal spines were present on this specimen, but are broken off. The smallest specimen retaining a complete genal spine has a cephalon about 8 mm. long, and the genal spine is 4.5 mm. long, and very narrow. Twenty-one specimens of various sizes were measured, and .it was found that with the increase in size, the width of the axial lobe of the thorax increased from one-third to one-half the total width, the maximum being reached on specimens with the pygidium 20 mm. long and a total length of about 57 mm. On all specimens larger than this the axial lobe occupied about one-half the width. The form of the pygidium was found to change from approximately semicircular in small specimens, to subtriangular in large ones. Thus, in the smallest specimens the length is .60 of the width, while in a specimen 55 mm. long, the length is. 81 of the width. The change is a gradual one, but pygidia 11 mm. long have a distinctly triangular form, and the sides are straightened instead of being rounded as in the smaller specimens. Pygidia more than 50 mm. in length seem as a rule to be about three-fourths as long as wide, although exceptional specimens have been seen in which the length and breadth were equal. The subtriangular form of the pygidium is one of the most distinctive characters of this species. The axial lobe of the pygidium flattens out rapidly as the size increases. On pygidia 11 mm. long it is still distinct, but not bounded by sharp furrows as in the smallest speci- RAYMOND—NARRAWAY: NOTES ON ORDOVICIAN TRILOBITES. 55 mens, and there are almost no traces of rings or ribs. On pygidia 20 mm. long the axial lobe is very faint indeed. The changes on the cephalon can not be so well observed for lack of good material. The outline becomes more triangular and the length and width change in the same way as in the pygidium. The eyes become relatively smaller and move backward, as already indicated, and the dorsal furrows become obscure. The spines at the genal angles become shorter, being 3 mm. long on a specimen with a cephalon about 20 mm. long, and being absent on specimens slightly larger. Tsotelus gigas is common in the Black River near Ottawa, but most of the specimens are small as compared with those found in the Trenton of New York. The species is less common in the Lowville, but typical pygidia have been found in that formation at Mechanicsville, near Ottawa, at Newport, and on Valcour Island, New York. Pygidia less than 3 mm. long have not so far been seen by the writers, but on specimens of that length the segmentation is so faint that it seems improbable that a pygidium of this species 2 mm. long would be so strongly segmented as the pygidia described by Clarke as Gerasaphes ulrichana. (Paleontology Minnesota, Vol. III, pt. 2, p. 711, figs. 15, 16). Our studies do not, then, give any support to the suggestion of Miller that Clarke’s specimens were the young of Isotelus. Strongly segmented pygidia of small size occur in the Chazy, but they have been found to belong to a species whose pygidia are strongly segmented when fully grown. Very small pygidia of Isotelus, some of them less than 3 mm. long, are common in the Chazy, but they show no more traces of segments than do the young of Isotelus gigas. The development of the species thus shows that the smooth surface was acquired earlier in the phylogeny than the broad axial lobe, and is thus a character of more profound importance. Hall states (Paleontology New York, Vol. I, p. 231) that the pygidia of the young of Isotelus gigas are more pointed than in the adult, but our study shows a condition exactly opposite to this, the young pygidia being more rounded. Tsotelus maximus Locke is in many respects more primitive than Isotelus gigas. An incomplete specimen, a photograph of which is here presented, was about 95 mm. long, and has a genal spine 13 mm. long, which, when complete, reached at least as far back as the middle of the fourth segment. The specimen of Jsotelus gigas represented as Figure 1 on Plate XV is 57 mm. long and the genal spine is only 3 mm. long. The pygidium of Isotelus maximus is short and rounded in outline like the young of I. gigas. 56 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. On the specimen here figured the length of the pygidium is only .64 of the width, and the axial lobe of the thorax is narrow for an Jsofelus, being only .42 of the total width instead of .50 as in J. gigas. Fic. 3. Isotelus maximus Locke. Photograph of a specimen in the Carnegie Museum, to show long genal spines and rounded pygidium. Isotelus sp. Plate XV, figure 3. Two specimens obtained by Mr. Narraway at Mechanicsville differ from the typical form of Jsotelus gigas in having nearly semicircular pygidia, relatively narrower thoracic axes, and smaller eyes. The larger specimen retains the cranidium, seven thoracic segments, and the pygidium. The cranidium is smooth, without glabellar furrows. The dorsal furrows are shallow and extend a little ahead of the eyes. Palpebral lobes small, a little further forward than in specimens of Isotelus gigas of this size. RAYMOND—NARRAWAY: NOTES ON ORDOVICIAN TRILOBITES. 57 Axial lobe of thorax more than one-third and less than one-half the total width, only slightly convex. Pygidium evenly convex, rounded in outline, seven-tenths as long as wide. Th margin has a wide concave border. The axial lobe is distinct but not prominent. Length of cranidium, 30 mm.; width of thorax at back of fourth segment 44 mm.; width of axial lobe at same point, 19 mm.; length of pygidium, 32mm.; width45 mm. This specimen is from the Lowville at Mechanics- ville. The second specimen is slightly smaller and retains the posterior part of the cephalon with one eye, all the thorax and the pygidium. There are no spines at the genal angles, the eye is small and high, and the axial lobe of the pygidium is distinct and shows seven pairs of shallow pits on the anterior half. The axial lobe of the thorax at the back of the fourth segment is 15 mm. wide, the total width being 35 mm.; the pygidium is 25 mm. long and 34 mm. wide. This specimen is from the Black River at Mechanicsville. Both specimens are in Mr. Narraway’s collection. These two specimens retain characters lost early in life by Jsotelus gigas, namely, the narrow axial lobe of the thorax and the rounded pygidium. It is significant that they were found in the Lowville and Black River. A pygidium from the Lowville at Newport, New York, seems to belong to this species. Its dimensions are: length 31 mm., width 44 mm.; the length being .70 the width, as in the specimens from Mechanicsville. The pygidia of Jsotelus gigas having this same ratio are from 10 to 20 mm. long. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. PLATE XV. 1. Isotelus gigas Dekay. A specimen from the Black River at Pattersonville, New York. This specimen shows the hypostoma in position, the subtriangular outline of cephalon and pygidium, and the small genal spine of an almost mature individual. About natural size. Specimen in the Carnegie Museum. 2. The same species. A small specimen from the Black River at Ottawa, Canada, in Mr. Narraway’s collection. Three-fourths natural size. 3. Isotelus gigas? A specimen with a narrower axial lobe and a wider, shorter, and more rounded pygidium than is usually seen in Jsotelus gigas. The specimen is from the Lowville limestone at Ottawa, and is in Mr. Narraway’s collection. About natural size. 58 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 4. Bathyurus spiniger (Hall). Dorsal view of a free cheek from the Black River limestone at Mechanicsville, near Ottawa, Ontario. Nearly twice natural size. Specimen in the Carnegie Museum. 5. The same specimen; side view. 6. The same species. Side view of a well preserved pygidium from the same locality as the last. From Mr. Narraway’s collection. 7. Bathyurus extans (Hall). Ina more recent paper, however, he returns to the older association, and refers both parts to Amphilichas.§ From the locality at McCullough’s sugar-bush which has proved so prolific in small trilobites a number of small specimens of an Amphilichas have been obtained. On account of their uniformly small size it is 4American Journal of Science, Series 4, XIX, 1905, 377. 5Quarterly Journal Geological Society London, LVIII, 1902, 74. 6Paleontographical Society, 1906, 106. RayMonpd: NOTES ON ORDOVICIAN TRILOBITES. 73 thought that they are the young of Amphilichas minganensis, although a typical example of that species has never been found with them. The glabellar furrows of these specimens do not extend back to the neck-ring as in Amphilichas minganensis, but die out a short distance in front of it. At their posterior ends they turn slightly outward, ending in a sort of pit. In one specimen there is another pit on each furrow about halfway between the posterior end of the furrow and the frontal border. These pits are probably the remnants of the inner portions of the second and third pairs of glabellar furrows, and the development of the glabella seems to have been similar to that of the Encricinuride and Acidaspide. Reed has shown that in the section of the Lichadide to which Amphilichas belongs the side lobes are the fused, second, third, and fourth glabellar lobes, and that the glabellar furrows are the first pair prolonged by the uniting of the inner ends of all three pairs of furrows. The anterior portion of a glabellar furrow, back to the first pit shown on these small specimens, would be interpreted as the original first glabellar furrow. As the animal grew, the muscular attachment became localized in one point, the inner end of each furrow. The shell being thin, the side lobes bulged, obliterating most of the furrow, and a secondary furrow was produced, connecting the inner ends of the original furrows with the anterior furrow. That the glabellar furrows originated in this way is shown by the fact that in the adult they are not straight, but there is a slight off-set marking the position of each of the pits seen on these immature specimens. According to this theory of the development of the glabella, the uniting of the ends of the furrows proceeding from the front backward, the specimens here discussed might represent a step either in the ontogeny or the phylogeny. As they are all small, it is most probable that they are immature individuals. Reed has described as Amphilichas sp. a large cranidium from the Llandeilo of Girvan which has glabel!ar furrows which die out before the neck-furrow is reached,’ and the same character is seen in some specimens of Amphilichas lineatus (Angelin).8 Family ACIDASPIDAE Barrande. Genus CERATOCEPHALA Warder. Ceratocephala narrawayi sp. nov. Plate XVIII, figure 5; Plate XIX, figure 15. In a fragment of limestone from the middle Chazy at Chazy, New York, was found a minute glabella of a species of Ceratocephala. This is of 7Paleontographical Society, 1906, 109, pl. 15, figs. 4, 5. 8Revision der Ostbaltischen Silurischen Trilobiten, II, 1885, pl. 6, fig. 5. 74. ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. particular interest as it is the only representative of this genus as yet definitely known from the American Ordovician. This specimen belongs to a species very closely related to Ceratocephala coalescens van Ingen, a species found in the Silurian limestone at St. Clair Spring, near Batesville, Arkansas.2 The glabella here described differs from that of C. coalescens in being slightly shorter and wider, and in having the surface covered with minute granules instead of being smooth. DESCRIPTION. Cranidium, disregarding the spines, nearly circular in outline, slightly and regularly convex, surface granulose. The second pair of glabellar furrows turn backward parallel to the axis and divide it into three longi- tudinal ridges, the central one large, expanding toward the front, and reaching nearly to the anterior margin. The side lobes are small, reniform, the third pair of furrows being represented only by pits, so that the second and third lobes are coalescent. The fixed cheeks are small and convex. the suture cutting close to the glabella. The neck-furrow is narrow and deep, and the neck-ring wide. The ring bears two widely divergent spines whose bases are separated. There are also two lateral pustules and a median pustule on the upper surface of the ring. The cranidium, without the spines, is 1.5 mm. long, and the more perfect spine is of about the same length. Locality—The specimen is from McCullough’s sugar-bush at i Ghee New York, and is in the Carnegie Museum. The name is in honor of Mr. J. E. Narraway, who has obtained many new and rare trilobites from the vicinity of Ottawa. Genus GLAPHURUS Raymond. Glaphurus pustulatus (Walcott). Plate XVIII, figures 9-11. One of the specimens found by Professor Perkins on Isle La Motte is the largest and finest ever obtained, and it is the only one now known which retains the free cheeks in position. The course of the suture as shown by this specimen indicates that the species belongs to the Acidaspide, but the remainder of the animal is so different from other members of the family that it seems best to elevate Glaphurus to generic rank, rather than to consider it as a subgenus as was done in my previous paper. 9School of Mines Quarterly, XXIII, 1901, 48, fig. Ir. ~I o RAYMOND: NOTES ON ORDOVICIAN TRILOBITES. ORDER Proparia Beecher. Family ENCRINURID Linnarsson. Genus CYBELE Loven. Cybele prima Raymond. Plate XIX, figure 19. Glaphurus primus RAYMOND, Annals Carnegie Museum, III, 1905, 362, pl. 14, ris. OF; 7. Cybele valcourensis RAYMOND, ibidem, 1905, 362, pl. 14, fig. 9. Cybele prima NARRAWAY and RAYMOND, ibidem, 1906, 601. The writer has already explained how he was led to describe the cranidia and free cheeks of this species as a species of Glaphurus, and how the fortunate discovery of a nearly complete specimen of Cybele ella by Mr. Narraway gave us our first knowledge of the glabella of an American species of this genus. Family CERAURID. Genus PLIOMERA Angelin. Subgenus PLIOMEROPS Raymond. Pliomerops canadensis (Billings). Plate XVIII, figure 14. Pliomera fischeri, the type of the genus, differs from nearly all other species usually referred to Pliomera (Amphion of most authors), in having 3 4 5 Fic. 3. Pliomera fischeri (Eichwald). Cephalon, showing median furrow and denticulate border. After Brogger. Fic. 4. Pliomerops canadensis (Billings) Cephalon. From specimen in Carnegie Museum. Fic. 5. Pliomerops pseudoraticulatus (Portlock). Cephalon. After Salter. a median indentation or furrow in the front of the glabella. The cephalon of that species also has a denticulate frontal border, while the other species have smooth borders. For these reasons the writer has suggested 76 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. a new subgenus with Amphion canadensis as the type. Amphion pseudo- articulatus Portlock, A. benevolens Salter, A. senilis Barrande, and possibly A. westoni Billings, A. nevadensis Walcott, and A. barrendez Billings, 6 7 8 Fic. 6. Pliomerops canadensis (Billings). Copy of Billings’ figure, twice natural size. On the specimen, which is now before the writer, the median furrow is so faint that it can hardly be seen. It is not present on mature specimens. Fic. 7. Pliomerops barrandei (Billings). Copy of Billings’ figure. Fic. 8. Pliomerops senilis (Barrande). After Barrande. belong to this subgenus. This last species has a peculiar glabella, the median furrow showing on the cast and the first lateral furrows being represented by pits. Genus CERAURUS Green. Subgenus NIESZKOWSKIA Schmidt. Nieszowskia sp. ind. Plate XVIII, figure 13; Plate XIX, figure 20. A single pygidium which probably belongs to one of the described species of this genus has been found at Chazy. The axial lobe shows two narrow convex rings which extend across its full width, and back of them a ring which has so fused with the terminal triangular segment as to produce a circular ridge. Within the circle so formed is the remnant of another segment, forming a small hemispheric mound. The pleura consist of two pairs of segments with free terminations. Locality —McCullough’s sugar-bush, Chazy, New York. No cranidia of Nieszkowskia have yet been found at this locality. American Journal of Science, Series 4, XIX, 1905, 377. In designating A. canadensis as the type it is to be understood that the species described under that name in my paper of 1905 is meant. Billings figured and described as the type of this species a small specimen with a furrow in the front of the glabella. This is an immature individual, retaining this during the early stages of the ontogeny only. RAYMOND: NOTES ON ORDOVICIAN TRILOBITES. lal Subgenus HELIOMERA Raymond. Heliomera sol (Billings). Plate XVIII, figure 12. Cheirurus sol BILLINGs, Paleozoic Fossils of Canada, I, 1865, 288, fig. 276. Heliomera sol RAYMOND, American Journal of Science, series 4, XX, 1905, 381. DESCRIPTION. Cephalon short, wide, the glabella very large and flattened, the cheeks small. Glabella almost semicircular, with three pairs of long narrow glabellar furrows, all of which turn backward on their inner ends, each joining the one back of it, and the third pair joining the neck-furrow, thus Fic. 9. Heliomera sol (Billings). Glabella and fragments of frontal border, X 4. producing a central lobe like that of Amphilichas. This central lobe is of uniform width up to the inner ends of the first pair of glabellar furrows, but expands suddenly in front of them. Toward the front of the median lobe there is a slight depression, suggesting the median furrow in Pliomera. The first pair of glabellar furrows run backward at an angle of about 45°. the second pair at a smaller angle, while the third pair are nearly parallel to the neck-furrow. The glabellar lobes are narrow and club-shaped. The neck-ring is wide, flat, and separated from the glabella by a deep furrow which extends the whole width of the cephalon. The cheeks are not sufficiently well preserved to be described, but enough of the test remains to show that the outline of the cephalon was similar to that of Pseudospherexochus vulcanus. There is a narrow smooth border all around the front, and the surface of the glabella is covered with fine tubercles. The relations of this species are rather doubtful. From the form of the cephalon it seems to belong close to Pseudospherexochus, but there has not been seen in any of the species of that subgenus a tendency to vary in the direction of an isolated central lobe and long isolated glabellar lobes. The glabellar furrows in the various species are usually faint, never deeply 78 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. impressed as in this species. In this last character and the presence of a median depression on the frontal lobe it resembles Pliomera. It was for trilobites of this type of glabellar structure that the name Heliomera was proposed, with Cheirurus sol Billings as the type. Locality——Upper part of the lower Chazy at Chazy, New York. The plesiotype is in the Museum of Yale University. The original specimens described by Billings were from Table Head and near Portland Creek, Newfoundland. Genus SPHAROCORYPHE Angelin. Sphzrocoryphe goodnovi Raymond. Plate XIX, figures 16-18. Since this species was published more material has been obtained, which makes it possible to give somewhat better figures. The genal angles are found to bear long, round, slightly curved spines. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. Unless otherwise indicated, figures are natural size, and the specimens are in the Carnegie Museum. PLATE XVII. 1. Isotelus harrisi Raymond. A cranidium from Isle La Motte, now in the Vermont State Museum. 2. Isotelus platymarginatus Raymond. A cast taken from the natural mould shown in figure 3. 3. The same species. A natural mould from Isle La Motte, Vermont. Ver- mont State Museum. 4. The same species. A large pygidium from Acidaspis Point, Valcour Island, New York. 5. The same species. A free cheek from the lower part of the Chazy at the southern end of Valcour Island. About three times natural size. 6. Basilicus marginalis (Hall). A large pygidium showing the peculiar notch in the posterior margin. Sloop Bay, Valcour Island, New York. Yale University Museum. 7. Isoteloides angusticaudus Raymond. A cephalon from Isle La Motte, Vermont. Vermont State Museum. PLATE XVIII. 1. Isoteloides angusticaudus Raymond. Anentire, but imperfect specimen from Isle La Motte. Slightly larger than natural size. Vermont State Museum. 2. Onchometopus obtusus (Hall). Cephalon and thorax of an enrolled indi- vidual in the Vermont State Museum. From Isle La Motte, Vermont. 3. The same specimen. Thorax and pygidium. 4. The same species. A pygidium from Valcour Island showing the large puncte of the shell. RAYMOND: NOTES ON ORDOVICIAN TRILOBITES. 79 5. Ceratocephala narrawayi Raymond. The cranidium of the only specimen known. From McCullough’s sugar-bush at Chazy, New York. About three and one-half times natural size. 6. Amphilichas minganensis (Billings). A young individual whose dorsal furrows do not reach the neck-furrow. About three and one-half times natural size. From McCullough’s sugar-bush at Chazy, New York. 7. Nileus perkinsi Raymond. The cephalon and part of thorax. This speci- men is from Isle La Motte, and is now in the Vermont State Museum. Holotype. 8. Nileus perkinsi Raymond. Paratype in the U. S. National Museum. From Isle La Motte, Vermont. 9. Glaphurus pustulatus (Walcott). A photograph of one of the specimens figured in my previous paper. From Chazy, New York. ro. The same species. A large entire specimen from Isle La Motte, Vermont. Vermont State Museum. Ir. The same species. Another of the specimens figured in my previous article. 12. Heliomera sol (Billings). A glabella from the lower part of the Chazy at Chazy, New York. About three and one-half times natural size. Yale Uni- versity Museum. 13. Niesskowskia sp. A pygidium from McCullough’s sugar-bush at Chazy, New York. About three and one-half times natural size. 14. Pliomerops canadensis (Billings). A small specimen from Valcour Island, New York. PLATE XIX. 1. Basilicus marginalis (Hall). A very small and somewhat imperfect cranid- ium from McCullough’s sugar-bush at Chazy, New York. X 4. 2. The same species. A pygidium from the same locality. X 4. 3. Isotelus platymarginatus Raymond. A drawing made from the cast of the natural mold shown in figure 3, Plate XVII. X 2. 4. Isotelus beta Raymond. A pygidium. X 2. 5. The same species. Pygidium and one thoracic segment. X 2. 6, 7. The same species. Two free cheeks. X 2. 4 to 7 are from specimens collected at Chazy, New York. 8. Isoteloides angusticaudus Raymond. Hypostoma found associated with, and supposed to belong to this species. Natural size. 9. Bumastus globosus (Billings). Hypostoma supposed to belong to this species. Natural size. Valcour, New York. 10. Vogdesia bearsi Raymond. A small pygidium. Natural size. 11. The same species. Side view of a free cheek and eye. Natural size. 12. The same species. A pygidium, natural size. 10, I1, 12 are from speci- mens collected at Sloop Bay, Valcour Island. 13. Amphilichas minganensis (Billings). Part of the pleuron of a thoracic segment. 2. 14. Thesame species. A small imperfect cranidium with dorsal furrows which do not meet the neck-ring. XX 4. 15. Ceratocephala narrawayi Raymond. The cranidium of the holotype. X 4. 16. Spherocoryphe goodnoti Raymond. A cephalon. %X 4. 80 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 17. The same species. A free cheek. X 4. 18. The same species. A glabella. X 4. 19. Cybele prima Raymond. A glabella. X 4. 20. Nieszkowskia sp. A pygidium. X 4. 21. Niesskowskia or Pseudospherexochus. Hypostoma supposed to belong to one of these genera. X 2. 22. A large hypostoma belonging to one of the Cerauride, but too large to belong to any of the known species in the Chazy. Natural size. From Cooperville, New York. ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Vol VII, Plate XVII, Se as oe . we ag LTT tae y Louis S. Coggeshall, photo. Chazy Trilobites. ‘ia Plate XVIII. ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Vol. VII. RAi\\| nt WS Louis S. Coggeshall, photo Chazy Trilobites. ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Vol. Vi! Plate XIX. Sydney Prentice, del Chazy Trilobites. VI. NOTES ON A COLLECTION OF FISHES MADE BY JAMES FRANCIS ABBOTT AT IRKUTSK, SIBERIA. By Davin STARR JORDAN AND WILLIAM FRANCIS THOMPSON. In the year 1904 a collection of fishes was made by Mr. James Francis Abbott, then Professor in the Japanese Naval Academy at Etajima, at Irkutsk in Siberia, in the Rivers Angara and Irkutsk, the outlets of Lake Baikal. In the collection are eleven species, none of them new, but some of special interest. We present here an annotated list. The drawings are by William Sackston Atkinson. The specimens in question are in the Museum of Stanford University, in the Carnegie Museum, and in the United States National Museum. Family SALMONID. 1. Brachymystax lenok (Pallas). (Plate XX.) Salmo lenok PALLAS, Reise, II, Appendix, 1776, 716 (mountain torrents of the Altai). Salmo coregonoides PALLAS, Zoogr. Ross.-As., III, 1811, 362 (Rivers of Irtes, Yenesei, Angara, Seleuka, Lena, Witem, Kovyma; Lake Baikal). Brachymystax coregonoides GUNTHER, Cat., VI, 1866, 163. Ten specimens, 14 to 350 mm. in length. Head 4% in body without caudal; depth 5; eye 6 in head; 2 in interorbital space, 114 insnout. B.10-12. D. 12 or 13 (developed rays). A.10ort1. V.10o0r1r. P.14 to 17. Pyloric ceca about 90. Gill- rakers 23 to 25. Scales 34-146 to 156-21. Body somewhat compressed, its breadth about one-half its depth, stout, convex on the ventral side and on the dorsal anterior third. Head some- what conical, arched dorsally from the snout; snout broad, rounded, and of moderate length; lower jaw, measuring from the articulation with the quadrate, one-ninth shorter than the upper; maxillaries broad, 2 to 2% in their length, extending to below the anterior third of the eye; lower limb of preoperculum long. Dentition is rather feeble, but complete, the teeth on the tongue, in two rows of 4 to 5 each, stronger than the remainder; vomer with teeth anteriorly only; gill rakers numerous, mod- erately long and stiff; dorsal fin low, truncate, the last ray one-half length of first, its base 74 to 8 in body length; adipose fin large, its base opposite 81 82 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. to that of anal; anal short, its base 11 in body, its height equal to that of dorsal; caudal deeply emarginate; the ventrals behind the middle of the dorsal, and as long as its height. Lateral line straight, ascending ante- riorly, and slightly dorsal in position. Scales are small, their breadth about one-fourth the eye diameter; oval anteriorly but becoming much elongated, 2 to 2% times their breadth, posteriorly; very small between the pectorals and largest dorsally. Body dark above, light below, with numerous dark brown or black spots, 4 or 5 scales in extent, above and on the sides a little below the lateral line. Dorsal, anal, and ventral fins dusky on the distal half, the caudal edged with dark, the adipose with 4 to 7 spots similar to those on the body, and the pectorals uncolored. According to Pallas, this singular fish, intermediate between a White- fish and a Trout, reaches the weight of 60 to 80 pounds. Stenodus leucichthys (Giildenstadt). (Salmo nelma Pallas.) (Plate XXI.) This Siberian species was not taken at Irkutsk by Professor Abbott, but specimens were obtained from the Volga River at Sammara in Russia. In view of the interest attaching to this interesting fish, intermediate between the Trout and the Vendace or Lake Herring, we here present a figure of it. 2. Coregonus pidschian (Pallas). (Plate XXII.) Salmo pidschian PALLAS, Reise, III, 1776, 705 (River Obi)—GMELIN, Syst. Nat., 1788, 1377 (after Pallas). Salmo shokur GMELIN, Syst. Nat. 1788, 1378 (River Obi). Salmo polcur PALLAS, Zoogr. Ross.-As., III, 1811, 400 (River Obi). Coregonus polcur GUNTHER, Cat., VI, 1866, 178 (after Pallas).—SmiTH, Salmoniden, 1886, 271, Tab. XVIII, no. 412, 428, fig. 99-100 (Yenesei R. to Nikandrovei and Mirna; good figures of head). One specimen 315 mm. in length without caudal. Head 5% in length, without caudal; depth 4, at base of caudal 2% in head. Eye 4% in head, 1% in snout, 1% in interorbital space. B. to. D. 12 (developed rays). A. 14. Scales 11-90-9; gill-rakers 22. Body compressed, the ventral outline convex, the dorsal less so. Head small, strongly arched between snout and interorbital space, the latter rounded from eye to eye. Snout slightly narrowed, projecting a third of its length beyond the very small ventral mouth, measuring it from the posterior edge of the adipose eyelid to its tip. Premaxillaries forming a flat, obliquely-placed spiral plate, a little broader than high, between the JorpaNn-TuHompson: Notes ON A COLLECTION OF FisHEs. 83 tip of the snout and the mouth. Maxillaries short, over half as broad as long, and extending to center of adipose eyelid. Supplementaries ovate and two-thirds the breadth of maxillaries; mandible articulating with quadrate below posterior edge of pupil, slightly longer than the snout and contained 3% in the head. Seventh or eighth developed ray of the dorsal midway between the snout and base of the caudal. The longest ray is nearly length of head, and when supine extends beyond tip of last ray; edge of fin concave; base two-thirds length of the ray. Adipose fin small, above the center of anal fin. Caudal is as long as head, deeply emarginate. Base of anal three-fifths length of head, its longest ray slightly longer than its base, its shortest one-sixth the head, and its edge concave; ventrals slightly longer than pectorals, which are two-thirds the length of the longest dorsal ray. Lateral line, slightly curved ventrally from both ends, is nearer the dorsal. Scales rather large, about half the diameter of the eye, and as broad aslong. Color is light, olive-silvery, darker above, the dorsal and caudal fins edged with black, the others clear. Family THYMALLID-. 4. Thymallus arcticus (Pallas). Siberian Grayling. (Plate XXIII.) Salmo arcticus PALLAS, Reise, III, 1776, 35, 70 (Sob, Kobyma, Obi Rivers). Thymallus arcticus SMITH, Salmoniden, 1886, 199, tab. VIII, no. 27-28 (Yenisei River).—Berc, Ann. Mus. Zool. Petersb., XII, 1907, 507 (west Siberia, Kobdo River, northwestern Mongolia). Salmo digitalis BLOCK & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 1901, 421 (after Pallas). Thymallus pallasi CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XXI, 1848, 449 (after Pallas)—GuNTHER, Cat., VI, 1866, 201 (after Pallas)—BrERG, Ann. Mus. Petersburg, XII, 1907, 509 (Kolyma, Jana River).—DyBowskI, Verh. Ges. Wien, XIX, 1869, 509 (Kolyma, Jana River). Thymallus grubei DyBowski, Verh. Ges. Wien, XIX, 1869, 955, tab. XVIII, fig. 9 (Ohon, Ingoda, Amur Rivers).—BErG, Assn. Mus. Zool. St. Petersburg, XII, 1907, 509 (Amur Basin). Thymallus grubeii var. baicalensis DyBowskI, Verh. Ges. Wien, XXIV, 1874, 391 (Lake Baikal). Thymallus baicalensis GRATIANOW, (Russian publication), Moskow, No. 3, 1902, 58. Thymallus arcticus baicalensis BERG, Wiss. Erg. Baikalsee, Exp. Lief., III, Cata- phracti, St. Petersburg, 1907, 67 (Lake Baikal)—Brrc, Ann. Mus. Zool. Patent 1907, 507 (Lake Baikal, Amgun River). Thymallus baicalensis DyBowsk1, Verh. Ges. Wien, XIX, 1869, 509 (Lake Baikal, Amgun River). Thymallus microstoma HERZENSTEIN, (Russian publication), 1883, 244 (Koscha- gatsch, Tschuja River, Altai, upper course of the Obi; name only). Thymallus nikolskyi KASCHCHENKO, (Russian publication at Tomsk), 1899, 131 (Altai, Tscharysch River, Katun River, Tom River, at Kusnatz). 84 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Thymallus nikolskyi var. ongudajensis KASCHCHENKO, 7bid., 134 (Altai, Urusul River). ; Thymallus sellatus KASCHCHENKO, ibid., 135, tab. II, fig. 6 (Altai, Tengo River, Urusul River). Fifty-seven specimens. Among these great variation was shown, leaving it highly probable that there is but one species of grayling in the basin of Lake Baikal, and that the grayling of the Amur is not distinct from it. It seems necessary to unite with Thymallus arcticus Pallas the forms called T. arcticus baicalensis Dybowski, T. pallasi Vallenciennes, and (probably) T. grubet Dybowski also. The two former are said to be distinguished from the two latter by the dorsal length being more than 22.5 per cent of the body length, and the distance of the snout from the dorsal not less than 34 per cent, the dorsal length being not less than 23.5 per cent and the dorsal from the snout not more than 32.5 per cent in 7. pallasi and T. grubet. These distinctions are given by Dr. Leo Berg in his paper “Provisional Notes on the Eurasian Salmon,” published in the Annuaire of the Zoological Museum of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, T. XII, 1907. In the present collection. there is shown not only every variation between these nominal species, but there is little correlation between the two sets of measurements. Some specimens show both the shorter dorsal fin and the shorter distance from the snout to the dorsal. The number of scales is held to separate T. baicalensis from T. arcticus, baicalensis having more than 90 scales in the lateral line and arcticus less than 90. Such a division is evidently entirely artificial, as shown by the accompanying table. Thymallus grubei of the Amur is probably synonymous with Thymallus arcticus, but there are some grounds for believing it a distinct species. None of our specimens have so small a number of scales (83-87 in the lateral line) as is ascribed by Berg to Thymallus grubei, and the species is from a different water basin. The jaws are said to be subequal, and the maxillary extending farther back than in Thymallus arcticus. Measurements were made of all our specimens (57), from 133 mm. to 325 mm. in length. In the attached table only those above 210 mm. in length are given. The remainder fully conform to these measurements. No other distinguishing characters set off the specimens representing the extremes of this species. The male specimens are much darker in color than the females, the spots in both becoming obscure with age. The dorsal fin is much higher JorpAN-THomMpson : NoTES ON A COLLECTION OF FISHES. 85 in the males, as usual among graylings. The length of the dorsal is greatest, and in the sexually mature males the last anal ray is thickened. : e/8)2|ssl82.| § $i] 8 |§ 3 als i/2/Ay ee 6 )e| 3 Ss | Classification by : Gia|8| s8 |sas| ze |[o| 2] 4 fs " L, Berg. Z | 541 SEB il | ent ee i: Z bo = | Ina lidtin|s |g o Ss | o [ia 7 | Py a) a pa 5232 |19/12/|88/18 | 36 TOON cf) 25 282 | 16 arclicus. 5236 18|12/95|18 |34 |11.9| 2 | 27 295 |19 baicalensis. 5250 |19/12|94| 18.2 |35.8|12.6| Q | 28 285 |18 baicalensis. 5249 |19/12/98|18.2/35.8]11.2| 9 |27.5| 285 | 18] baicalensis. 5252 20 | 12| 98 | 18.7 | 33-7] 8.0] ? | 27 255) sna baicalensis. 5245 18 | 12 | 92 | 18.9 | 33.9|13.0| ? |28.2| 265 | 18| baicalensis. 5233 19 | 12| 91 | 19.1 | 36.6 | 10.0] 9 |27.5| 240 | 17 baicalensis. 5234 19 | 12/98 | 19.2 | 34.3 | 18.8| 9 |25.5| 280 | 17 baicalensis. 5242 20 | 12] 99 | 10.2 | 34.7] 5.0) G | 28.5) 260 | 17 baicalensis. 5243 19 13 |99|19.2| 34.6] 9.5| 2 | 27 205) Wily baicalensis. 5238 | 20/12/91 | 20.0/34.4|10.4| 9 | 28.7] 250 | 18 baicalensis 5248 | 20] 13] 95 | 20.2 | 33.1 | 16.0| & | 27.5] 296 | 18 baicalensis. 5251 20 | 12 | 92 | 20.3 | 34.0| 15.9 | o& | 24.5] 265 | 19 baicalensis or pallasi ? gee 5141 18 | 13 | 96 | 20.8 | 33.0| 16.5] ? | 28 257 \eLe7 or | pallasi ? 5222 20 | 12/98 | 21.5 |36.0| 9.8| 9 |28.5| 255 | 18 baicalensis. baicalensis 52390 20 | 12/95 | 21.8 | 32.2 | 14.2 | o | 290 2700s 7, ' or pallasi ? S244 =| 20 | 12] 93 | 27-8 | 33:2 | 15-7 co | 31 280 |18 baicalensis. 5235 IQ | 12 | 92 | 21.9 | 34.5 16.4| ? |26.5| 275 | 18 baicalensis. 5223 20 | 13 | 90 | 21.9] 35.7|16.6| ? | 26 210 |16 baicalensis. ' arclicus 5230 IQ | 12 | 87 | 22.0 | 32.0 | 19.0| o& | 28.3] 265 | 18 or grubet. 5226 20 | 13 | 97 | 22.3 | 34.2 | 10.4 me) 30 260 «18 baicalensis. | | i baicalensis 5228 20/13 | 97 22.4 | 32.9 16.6 | o | 30 Sey | a0y/ or | pallasi ? | baicalensis 5136 201) L202) 228713520 || 10.3) ou 28-5 || 205) | 17 or | it pallasi ? 5237 | AO ESOS 23.94 sie7 Nh LSe7 oO” 20-5) SLs | 19 pallasi. Raabe 22 \/T3|O5 | 24.8 | 33.0 | L5.4 | o | 29-2:'| 266 +| x9 pallasi. Family CYPRINID/E. 4. Carassius carassius (Linnzus). One specimen, evidently belonging to this species, but varying much from the ordinary Crucian Carp of Europe. Head 3% in body without caudal, depth 2%4. A.I,5. P.13. V.9. 1 Counting rudiments. 86 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Scales 7-30-6. The body is compressed less strongly, and is more elongate, than in European examples; ventrals inserted before first ray of dorsal. 5. Gobio gobio (Linnezus). Many large specimens not clearly different from the ordinary Gudgeon of Europe, with which the Russian naturalists have identified it. 6. Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnzus). Numerous specimens, not different from this common European species. 7. Rutilus rutilus (Linnzeus). Cyprinus lacustris PALLAS, Zoog. Ross.-As., III, 1811, 314 (all Siberia, Lena River). S.12. W.4. A.12. W.4. V.10. Scales 8-40 to 44-5%. Numerous specimens, corresponding to Rutilus lacustris of Pallas. Most Russian authorities regard lacustris as identical with the Common Roach of Europe, Rutilus rutilus, and we see no reason to question this determination. The American species called Rutilus seem hardly con- generic with it. These should probably stand as Myloleucus Cope. Family LUCIID. 8. Lucius lucius (Linnzus). Esox reicherti var. baicalensis DyBowski, Verh. Ges. Wien, XXIV, 1874, 391 (Lake Baikal). Nine specimens from 280 to 440 mm. in length. Head 3% to 3%; depth 5% to 6; eye 7 tog in head. B. 14 or 15. D; 20.0r 21.5 Al 17-10 190 Scales 122sto 1272 We see no reason to question the identity of this species, ‘‘baicalensis,” with the Common Pike of Europe, Lucius lucius; nor can we separate the Northern Pike of America, Lucius estor (Le Sueur), from either. In these Siberian examples, the dark bar under the eye is a shade more distinct than usual, and the pale spots on the sides show a greater tendency to array themselves in pale cross-bands, especially on the tail. The anal rays are 17 in 4 specimens, 18 in 3, and I9 in 2. In the description of Esox baicalensis the vertical fins are described as unspotted, which is not the case in our examples, nor in any other specimens of Lucius lucius. The lesser diameter of the eye is said to be 10 to 15 times in the head in a specimen a meter in length. Lucius reicherti of the Amur River is said to be spotted with dark. It is probably therefore a species of the Maskinongé group, to which the subgeneric name of Mascalongus has been applied. JorpAN—THompson: NOTES ON A COLLECTION OF FISHES. 87 MEASUREMENTS OF EXAMPLES FROM IRKUTSK. re aa | el fs | 84 = - D A Bale V tees 33 a » § 2 8 ba ps ae. ee a ao | au 3 mera | IVixr7 | III 14 | IS|1r| 12 3% 6 8 3% | 440 mm 2./15| IV 18 III 16 |15|11r| 126 3% 6 84 4 400 mm aig | LV 17 LED ES) | T5 PLE | 137 34 6 | 7 3% | 280 mm 4.}/15| IV 19 | IIL 16 |16|11) 122 3144 6 7 3 200 mm Pars) LV ry | WI rs | rs jin) 125 3% 6 hnetee 3 260 mm Oars) LV 2r7 | lik 14 | 16) 11) 136 314 5% | 7 3% | 330mm mers) LV r6 | I r5 | 15 | 11) 136 344 5% 9 4 400 mm evr S | Ver? |) Uils4 | z6\/tr | T29 | 3k 5% 8 31% | 320mm Sirs | LV x7 | Wi r4 |rsirxr| 122 | 3% 5% | 7% | 34% | 280mm Specimens from Lake Erie show: B.15. D.IV,18. A.III,15. P.14. V,11. Scales118. Head3% X. Eye 3 insnout, 7 in head. Brownish vertical suborbital band less distinct. Maxillary of same relative length, but extending a very little farther back. Family PERCIDZ. 9. Perca fluviatilis (Linnzus). Many specimens, not evidently different from the Common Perch of Europe, with which the Russian authors identify the species. Family COTTID. 10. Cottus kneri (Dybowski). Cottus kneri DyBowskKI, Verh. Ges. Wien, XXIV, 1874, 385 (Lake Baikal). Thirteen specimens, agreeing well with Dybowski’s account. 11. Cottus sibiricus (Kessler). Cottus sibiricus KESSLER, WARPACHOWSKI, Ann. Mus. Petersburg, 1897, 249, tab. XI, fig. 6. Cottus haitej DyBowski, Verh. Ges. Wien, XIX, 1869, 949, tab. XIV, fig. 2 (Amur Basin). One specimen, 87 in. long, referred with some doubt to this species (Onon, Ingda, Amur). Head 3 in body, without caudal; depth at operculum 6; eye 5 in head, 1% in interorbital space. P.7—17. A.12. V.1,4. P. 15. Body flattened, greatly at the head, but cylindrical at the anus. Skin smooth except above the lateral line, on the flanks, where it is thickly beset with small spicules. The maxillary extends to below the anterior margin of the eye-orbit. Four spines are present on the opercular bones, 88 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE’ MUSEUM. covered by the skin. The largest is in length equal to the diameter of the eye, strongly recurved dorsally and posteriorly, and situated on the posterior and outward angle of the preoperculum. At the anterior base of this is a much smaller sharp spine pointing outward. The others are on the inter- and sub-opercular bones respectively, and so situated near the junction that they point toward each other. They are moderate in size, sharp and curved. The first dorsal is low, one-half the height of the second and the anal, which are equal and twice the height of the caudal peduncle. The pectorals are large, extending to beyond the second dorsal, while the ventrals extend to the vent, which is midway between the snout and base of the caudal. The latter is narrow and rounded, the rays branched. The lateral line is well developed and extends tothe base of the caudal, with about 35 large pores. We have not seen Kessler’s original description of this species. Our specimen agrees with the scanty account of Cottus sibiricus given by Warpachowski. Warpachowski makes no reference to the form of the preopercular spine, but in his figure the species is essentially as in our specimen. He ascribes to the species D. VIII, 17; A. 12, VI, 4; P. 14. Head about 3 in length; depth about 5, upper parts with minute rough prickles; ventrals reaching vent. Dybowski’s account of Cottus haitej from the Amur is more complete, but the preopercular spine is merely noted as turned upwards, “‘sursum.”’ In the short anal these nominal species agree with each other and with our specimen. 10}9a][09 ‘WWoGqy Spoueiy souref ‘elaqis ‘ysynyay “OAR eIesuy wo “(SPR q) yous? xjsKukyooag rere XX Pld ‘IIA “ISA “ANZSNW 3ID3NYVO STYNNV = Fe a = 3, eet: Plate XXI. ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Vol. VII. ) ») ee 35) 99 ») y) , OTN OR WN INYTIAN TA ANA AS DNA en Par na ip ene CNOA nT oeey Pe SN a ON EB Ysa OR co eS Cis en TN NTO atten POR OR re Erm og IUD ny aa WIN A ROAR [aN 5 a PE CNL NEN RIE ON SINAN, OO oN a aS nr — A SONA ON ON FINDA aOR = RR BAS Pr Qa aS “ 3 Z BE iy}} 0) 1399) Sa TRS DR DR LPP IS aa Stenodus leucichthys (Giildenstadt). James Francis Abbott, collector. From the Volga River, Sammara, Russia. = | St Py a Oe ee Plate XXII. ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Vol. VII. We ae: C> ~R SESE SE Re La —N eae Rees (4 Gna se QB SE CALA x EES CACTI a SESSE AES oe Cees Shee SESS 44 eas ewe ty Wp Sea ena ete eat Oa eewes Ca Ra Rae ees BSS SBS [NS AAS RG et aie Ine 19294242 = SES ba SOR ao Rpreeeseane < ae ELA ETS OS 9944. SOE SSS SSNS gb SESE OBES ESN i FES SEENON coe CS 2S SNORE aN ES ae SANTA ae SES BSE RES SESS ate SSS OTR DAS Bes OCS ens SSS OOS ees Sateees. SRS Fo Ow Ae Dae eee: SESE SETA RN SSeS ESS te os ES ERS aN cake Mone ly yyy yyy wae J y 7) yy } ) oD) 329?52? € Pee Te OEE ) S= 02, Se 2,2, 1x) 2299 Coregonus pidschian (Pallas). James Francis Abbott, collector. From the Angara River, Irkutsk, Siberia. ail rnitetg ae ae ee i z Plate XXIII. ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Vol. VII. Ny ys eran IIS 39 Thymallus arcticus (Pallas). From the Angara River, Irkutsk, Siberia.” James Francis Abbott, collector, 7 7 ' : = ; ” Sy ‘ oe . + ’ = VII. SOUTH AMERICAN TETRIGIDA, By LAWRENCE BRUNER, PROFESSOR OF ENTOMOLOGY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA. Some time ago the extensive collection of saltatorial Orthoptera made by Mr. H. H. Smith in Brazil and adjoining parts of South America was placed in my hands by Dr. W. J. Holland, the Director of the Carnegie Museum, for study. Among the material thus submitted are many representatives of the family of ‘“grouse-locusts.’’ In fact, the collection contains such a large percentage of the described species of South America and at least a score of new ones, that the writer has decided to make this report a review of the family so far as South American forms are concerned. While in nowise a monograph or even synopsis of the group, the paper gives brief synopses of the subfamilies and genera, lists all the species, and in many instances also adds synoptic tables for the separation of the species of the larger genera. Of course all new forms are quite fully characterized. The arrangement of the subfamilies, genera, and species is intended to convey, as far as possible, the author’s opinion as to the proper sequence of the various forms. An occasional reference is also made to some feature in connection with the life-history or distribution of certain forms with the hope that it may add something to our general knowledge of these interesting little locusts. It might be added that the majority of the representatives of the family are to a great degree either aquatic or semi-aquatic in their habits. Hence they should be sought for at the margins of streams and bodies of water, or in very humid localities, rather than in arid places. A few of them live among the mosses and lichens which grow on trunks of trees and rocks, to which their general color conforms to such an extent as to be strongly protective. TABLE FOR THE SEPARATION OF THE SUBFAMILIES AND GENERA OF SOUTH AMERICAN TETRIGIDA, A. Frontal costa widely forked, the rami forming a frontal scutellum. CLADINOTIN. b. Pronotum very greatly compressed, above wholly foliaceous. c. Pronotum viewed in profile subrhombic-angulate, ampliate posteriorly; first and third joints of the posterior tarsi subequal, or the first slightly longer. Phyllotettix WHancock. 89 90 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. cc. Pronotum with the dorsum very greatly compressed, above angulato- rounded, posteriorly truncate; first article of the posterior tarsi a little longer thantthe third] 2yacemeeere ote Choriphyllum Serville. bb. Pronotum little or slightly compressed, very often depressed, or above not wholly foliaceous, or to a certain degree anteriorly compresso-produced. c. First and third joints of the hind tarsi subequal in length. Body nearly smooth; pronotum acute tectiform, in profile arcuate, posteriorly little depressed, the apex widely rounded.............. Eleleus Bolivar. cc. First joint of the hind tarsi longer than the third. Pronotum nodulose, middle distinctly depressed; the vertex strongly produced in advance Of “thé. CYS: 5 scclsiepeyeeo snakes srceiea cusanere oreo tayei ore easier oa ohepe ee nonaks Cota Bolivar. AA. The frontal costa furcillate, but the rami diverging only gently forward, or remaining parallel, very frequently separated only in a slight degree by a sulcus. b. Posterior angles of the lateral lobes of the pronotum but little produced out- wards, obliquely truncate behind, very rarely acute spinose; first and third joints of the hind tarsi nearly equal in length. .... METRODORIN®. c. Vertex truncate, the middle rarely provided with a produced central tooth. d. Vertex very narrow, about half the width of one of the eyes; posterior angles of the lateral lobes of the pronotum flattened outwards, trian- gularly produced, subspiniform or uncinate... .Plesitotettix Hancock. dd. Vertex subequal to, or wider than, one of the eyes. e. Antenne inserted between the lower part of the eyes. Vertex not pro- duced in advance of the eyes; the frontal costa roundly elevated between thesantennce rege cnet ie cst ier hcge =| cae ape eee Cotys Bolivar. ee. Antenne situated below or rarely on a level with the inferior margin of the eyes. f. Body strongly depressed; anterior and middle femora expanded or clypeate, the carine sinuato-lobate or foliaceo-laminate. zy. Tegmina and wings wanting. Antenne inserted on a level with the lower margins of the eyes; first joint of the hind tarsi longerithan theithird psec e.sacee ase « Platythorus Hancock. gg. Tegmina and wings present. h. Anterior femora clypeate. Lateral ocelli placed between the inferior part of the eyes. Antenne shorter than the head and inserted distinctly below the eyes. .Amorphopus Serville. hh. Anterior femora not at all clypeate. Lateral ocelli placed between the middle of the eyes. Antenne longer than the head and inserted on a line with the inferior margin of the CV CSIi aw. hay Sree afore enolase ee Eomor pho pus Hancock. ¥. Body little depressed, or dorsum bearing gibbosities, or the median carina of the pronotum more or less cristulate-undulate. g. Posterior or lateral ocelli placed below the eyes. .Chiviquia Morse. gg. Posterior or !lateral ocelli placed distinctly between the eyes, h. Dorsum longitudinally compresso-elevated forward, flattened posteriorly, rugose-reticulose, apex of process acute. Teg- mina and wings wanting ............ Platytettix Hancock. — BRUNER: SOUTH AMERICAN TETRIGIDA. 9] hh. Dorsum somewhat depressed. 7. Median carina of the pronotum compresso-elevated between the shoulders; the vertex very wide, transverse, fully twice the width of one of the eyes. .Gladioltettix Hancock. wi. Median carina of the pronotum not compresso-elevated between the shoulders; the vertex narrower, but little, if any, wider than one of the eyes. j. Middle femora about one-half as wide as long. Reestature every: Small? 3 30... eee Crimisus Bolivar. kk. Stature medium, or larger. Pronotum with the median carina interrupted or undulate. . .Sclerotettix Bruner. jj. Middle femora much longer than wide. k. Vertex with the median carina distinctly produced in advance of the eyes; posterior angles of the lateral lobes of the pronotum outwardly flattened, somewhat acute; body without tegmina or wings. Metrodora Bolivar. kk. Vertex with the median carina not at all produced beyond the eyes. 1. Posterior ocelli placed between the inferior part of the eyes. m. Posterior femora of normal form. First and third joints of hind tarsi of equal length. Otumba Morse. mm. Posterior femora triquetrous, the genicular spine triangular, strongly elevated, produced. Trigonofemora Hancock. ll, Posterior ocelli placed near ‘the middle of the eyes. m. Lower posterior angles of sides of pronotum little flattened outwards and angulate, truncate behind, or acutely produced but not at all spined. Body rugose... Scabrotettix Hancock. mm. Lower posterior angles of sides of pronotum turned down, not at all obliquely truncate. Body subrugose.......... Allotettix Hancock. cc. Vertex acute and lengthily produced in advance of the eyes, armed on each side with one or two denticles ............. Mitritettix Hancock. bb. Posterior angles of the lateral lobes of the pronotum turned down, more or less rounded, not at all obliquely truncate; third joint of the hind tarsi shorter than the first. c. Anterior and middle femora carinate above; pronotum truncate anteriorly, rarely angulately produced. Antenne fewer jointed... .TETRIGIN. d. Vertex strongly narrowed forward, drawing the eyes very near together anteriorly. The pronotum subcylindrical, smoothly granulate, the carinze very low or flattened................ Teredorus Hancock. dd. Vertex somewhat narrowed toward the front but the anterior border truncate, about one-half to quite the breadth of one of the eyes or even a little more. Je) bo ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. e. Middle femoral margins strongly carinate-clypeate, their length a little more than the breadth. Head very short, somewhat retracted under the pronotum’. aac. sere rere ererene Cly peotettix Hancock. ee. Middle femoral margins not clypeate, but sometimes the carine are compressed but then the length is much more than the breadth. f. Vertex truncate, not advanced beyond the eyes, narrower or subequal to one of them; dorsum advanced upon the head to the eyes. Paratettix Bolivar. ff. Vertex produced beyond the eyes, usually wider than one of them, in profile very often angulately produced...... Tetrix Latreille. g. Antenne inserted between the inferior part of the eyes. Body somewhat rugose, slender prolongate; dorsum subdepressed, very narrow between the shoulders..... Stenoderus Hancock. gg. Antenne inserted little below the eyes. h. Body usually abbreviated, comparatively robust, the median carina of the pronotum cristulato-undulate, the anterior margin truncate; wings often imperfectly developed, rarely macropterous; antenne filamentous, elongate. Micronotus Bolivar. hh. Body having the surface of the dorsum rugose or tuberculose. Antenne short and stout. i. Hind tibize normal, pleurispinose. Wings perfectly ex- plicate, passing the apex of the hind femora. A potettix Hancock. ii. Hind tibia distinctly ampliate towards the apex, lightly spinose. Wings not longer than the pronotum or somewhat abbreviate..............Protettix Bolivar. cc. Anterior usually and middle femora above always distinctly sulcate. Pronotum anteriorly more or less produced above the head, often un- cinate or acuminate or to a certain degree obtusangulate. Antenne with sixteen toytwenty-two joints 22.0.0. se..ccc4: BATRACHIDIINE. d. Vertex anteriorly distinctly carinate disposed obliquely or transversely, middle carinate, more or less compressed, produced. e. Pronotum with the posterior angles of the lateral lobes turned down; elytral sinus and elytra normal. f. Top of head between the eyes more or less longitudinally convex and provided in front with a rather prominent median carina; the vertex viewed in profile advanced but little in front of the eyes. Tettigidea Scudder. ff. Top of head between the eyes rather widely longitudinally sulcate, the anterior portion also provided with a median carina of varying prominence; vertex viewed in profile considerably advanced in front of the eyes as in the genus Tetrix. g. Anterior femora very faintly sulcate; middle of vertex provided with a minute carina, the frontal costa narrowly sulcate be- tween the ocelli and below. Antenne long and slender, 2I- or 22-jointed. Valves of the ovipositor short and somewhat LODUSt A aca Or ee eine ee Lophotettix Bruner. BRUNER: SoutH AMERICAN TETRIGIDA. 93 gg. Upper edge of the anterior femora plainly sulcate; the anterior middle of vertex provided with a very prominent carina, the frontal costa quite widely sulcate to the summit. Antenne rather short, slender and composed of 15 or 16 joints. Valves of the ovipositor very long and slender. .Lophoscirtus Bruner. ee. Pronotum with the posterior angles of the lateral lobes turned a little outwards. f. Elytral sinus subobsolete, tegmina present but minute. Body SCAT OU Sempre ete cA se, sc 8 2Pa avs, 2, 410 Marrs eel Plectronotus Morse. ff. Elytral sinus altogether wanting, tegmina as well as the wings absent, | Body eranulose... ..... ee cee A pleropedon' Bruner. dd. Vertex anteriorly not or imperfectly carinate, each side bearing small abbreviated lobes next to the eyes, or tumid, median carina wanting, or when present the facial costa roundly produced. e. Frontal costa very narrowly sulcate. f. Body slender; pronotum lengthily subulate, median carina distinctly ascendent forward near the anterior margin. .Scaria Bolivar. ff. Body somewhat grosser; pronotum having the median carina viewed in profile horizontal, posterior process and wings dimorphic in HES OCG a see S a8 ei .cyd tice IOAGe Ce ERO aR a Batrachidea Serville. ee. Frontal costa widely sulcate. f. Pronotum anteriorly truncate; first joint of the posterior tarsi strongly elongate—twice the length of the third; frontal costa roundly DLOCUICE Ora. tog ehaus teeth Va eevoreiscovever ake Ae Paurotarsus Hancock. ff. Pronotum anteriorly acute uncinate; tarsal joints normal. Puiggaria Bolivar. Subfamily CLADONOTINA. Genus PHYLLOTETTIX Hancock. Phyllotettix HANcocK, Ent. News, XIII, June, 1902, 188. Phyllonotus HANCOCK, Tettigide of N. Am., 1902, 45. The various representatives of the present genus appear to be confined wholly to the West Indies. SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES OF PHYLLOTETTIX. A. Superior marginal carina of the hind femora lobate...... westwoodi Hancock. AA. Superior marginal carina of the hind femora not lobate. b. Pronotum viewed in profile distinctly enlarged posteriorly. Body larger. foliatus Hancock, bb. Pronotum viewed in profile only subenlarged posteriorly. Body small. rhombeus Baker. Phyllotettix foliatus Hancock. Coriphyllum foliatum HANCOCK, Tettigidz of N. Am., 1902, 42-43, pl. 1, fig. I. Phyllotettix foliatus HANCOCK, Genera Insectorum, fasc. 48, 1906, I2. Habitat—This very odd appearing locust is found on the island of Jamaica in the West Indies. These islands are usually included with 94 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. South America rather than with the faunal areas of adjoining portions of North America. Phyllotettix westwoodi Hancock. Choriphyllum westwoodi HANCOCK, Tettigide of N. Am., 1902, 42, pl. 1, fig. 2. Phyllotettix westwoodi HANCOCK, Genera Insectorum, fase. 48, 1906, 12. Habitat—Like the preceding, this insect comes from the island of Jamaica. As indicated by Hancock in the table given on page 42 of his Tettigide of North America the present species is separable from the other two forms by the lobate upper carina of the hind femora. Phyllotettix rhombeus (Baker). Cicada rhombea BAKER, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., LIV, 1764, 55, pl. 6. Membracis rhombea LINN., Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1767, 704. Acridium (Hymenotes) rhombeum DE HANN, Bijdr., 1842, 165, pl. 12, fig. 11. Choriphyllum rhombeum WALKER, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., V, 1871, 845. Phyllotettix rhombeus HANCOCK, Genera Insectorum, fasc. 48, 1906, I2. Habitat—Jamaica and Cuba, West Indies. Genus CHORIPHYLLUM Serville. Choriphyllum SERVILLE, Hist. Nat. Ins. Orthopt., 1839, 754. Hymenotes STAL. Chorophyllum FIEBER. This genus, like the preceding, is confined in its distribution to the West Indies. SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES OF CHORIPHYLLUM. A. The leaf-like median carina of the pronotum highest over the head. sagrai Serville. AA. The leaf-like median carina of the pronotum most prominent near its middle. b. Body small (2,7 mm.); the highest pointof the pronotum at the middle. saussurei Bolivar. bb. Body larger (9, 10 mm.); the highest point of the pronotum a little back Of “the ‘mid dle eye vateore ener choncneerone orem Teese tte gehone eee: plagiatum Walker. Choriphyllum sagrai Serville. Chorophyllum sagrai SERVILLE, Hist. Nat. Ins. Orthopt., 1839, 755, pl. 8, fig. 5.— Hancock, Genera Insectorum, fasc. 48, 1906, 18. Habitat—This species has been recorded only from the island of Cuba, West Indies. Choriphyllum plagiatum Walker. Choriphyllum plagiatum WALKER, Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus., V, 1871, 845. —HANcouckK, Genera Insectorum, fasc. 48, 1906, I3. Habitat—West Indies, the island of Jamaica. BRUNER: SOTTH AMERICAN TETRIGIDA. 95 Choriphyllum saussurei Bolivar. Choriphyllum saussurei BOLIVAR, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., XXXI, 1887, 203, pl. 1, fig. 5—HANcOocK, Genera Insectorum, fasc. 48, 1906, pl. 1, fig. 7. Habitat—Like the preceding this insect comes from the island of Jamaica, West Indies. Genus ELELEusS Bolivar. Eleleus BOLIvAR, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., XX XI, 1887, 205.—HANcock, Genera In- sectorum, fase. 48, 1906, 16. Eleleus curtus Bolivar. Eleleus curtus BOLIVAR, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., XX XI, 1887, 206, pl. 1, figs. 7—7a, b. —HANCOCK, Genera Insectorum, fasc. 48, 1906, 16, pl. I, fig. 7. Shobitot—This insect is recorded only from Brazil. No specimens are at hand. Genus Cota Bolivar. Cota Bottvar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., XX XI, 1887, 32.—HaNcock, Genera Insec- torum, fasc. 48, 1906, 18. SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES OF COTA. A. Anterior and middle femora strongly undulately carinate. b. Lateral lobes of the vertex rounded.................. strumosa Bolivar. bb. Lateral lobes of the vertex acute ..................... saxosa Bolivar. AA. Anterior and middle femora with the carine weakly undulate. bispina Saussure. Cota strumosa Bolivar. Cota strumosa BoLtvar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., XXXI, 1887, 206.—HANCOCK, Genera Insectorum, fasc. 48, 1906, I8. Habitat—According to Bolivar this insect comes from the Upper Amazon. The present collection contains specimens bearing the labels Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. bf “Benevides, July.’ Cota saxosa Bolivar. Cota saxosa Borivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., XXXI, 1887, 207, pl. 1, figs. 8, 8a.— HANcock, Genera Insectorum, fasc. 48, 1906, 18, pl. I, fig. 13. Habitat.—Given by Bolivar as Peru. Not contained in the present collection. ? Cota bispina (Saussure). Telttix bispina SAUSSURE, Orthopt. Nov. Am., ser. 2, 1861, 32. ? Cota bispina Botivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., XXXI, 1887, 207.- -HANCOCK, Genera Insectorum, fasc. 48, 1906, 18. Habitat—Bahia, Brazil. Not in the collection now being reported upon. 96 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Subfamily METRODORINE. Genus PLESIOTETTIX Hancock. Plesiotettix HANCOCK, Genera Insectorum, fasc. 48, 1906, 34. The two species of this genus are very similar but may be separated as follows: A. Front end of the pronotum just back of the margin a little upturned. uncinatus Hancock. AA. Front end of the pronotum just back of the margin not so upturned. spinosa Hancock. Plesiotettix uncinatus Hancock. Plesiotettix uncinatus HANCOCK, Genera Insectorum, fasc. 48, 1906, 34, pl. 3, fig. 22. Habitat—Pachitea, Peru. Not contained in the material studied. @ Plesiotettix spinosus Hancock. Plesiotettix spinosus HANCOCK, Genera Insectorum, fasc. 48, I906, 34. Habitat—Marcapata, Peru. This second species differs from the preceding in being decidedly smaller and in not having the lower posterior lateral angles of the pronotum hooked or curved forwards. It too is missing from the Smith collection. Genus Cortys Bolivar. Cotys BoLivarR, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., XXXI, 1887, 247.—HANCOCK, Genera Insectorum, fasc. 48, 1906, 35. Cotys antennatus Bolivar. Cotys antennatus BOLIVAR, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., XX XI, 1887, 247.—HANCOCK, Genera Insectorum, fasc. 48, 1906, 35, pl. 4, fig. 34. Habitat—Peru, S. America. Genus PLATYTHORUS Morse. Platythorus Morse, Biol. Centr.-Am., Orthopt., IJ, 1900, 8.—HANcock, Genera Insectorum, fasc. 48, 1906, 36. Platythorus camurus Morse. Platythorus camurus Morse, Biol. Centr.-Am., Orthopt., II, 1900, 8—HANcock,, Genera Insectorum, fasc. 48, 1906, 36. Habitat—Nicaragua and Costa Rica, where it is to be met with on the trunks of trees, among lichens and mosses, the colors of which it imitates to a remarkable degree. The writer has collected it in the vicinity of Juan Vifias at an altitude of between 2,500 and 3,000 feet above sea-level. There is but little doubt of its occurring also in the adjoining northern portions of South America. BRUNER: SouTH AMERICAN TETRIGID. 97 Genus AMORPHOPUS Serville. Amorphopus SERVILLE, Hist. Nat. Ins. Orthopt., 1839, 756.—BOoLIVAR, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., XX XI, 1887, 250, part.—HANcock, Genera Insectorum, fasc. 48, 1906, 36-37. The species of this genus as at present restricted are at home in the Neotropical region of America. Four or five forms are recognized. They may be separated by the subjoined table. SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES OF AMORPHOPUS. A. Posterior extremity of the pronotum attenuate, considerably surpassing the apex of the abdomen and tips of the hind femora. b. Size smaller (9, 13-14 mm.). c. Dorsum of the pronotum grayish, smooth; the median carina of the pro- notum back of the humeri somewhat compressed. ...griseus Bolivar. cc. Dorsum of the pronotum fusco-variegated, rugulose, the median carina MEM MSE TOSE teeten ey Want poreonecaue is tore foe lenstisiere a ersdece o\eve eters notabilis Serville. bb. Size larger (Q, 15.5-16 mm.). c. Color above fuscous conspersed with white........ cnemidotus Burmeister. cc. Color above grayish, tessellated with fuscous......... caiman Saussure. AA. Posterior extremity of pronotum not extending beyond the tip of the abdomen, Tegmina and wings hidden or aborted.............. testudo Saussure. Amorphopus griseus Bolivar. Amorphopus griseus BOLIvAR, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., XXXI, 1887, 251-252.— HaANcock, Genera Insectorum, fasc. 48, 1906, 37. Habitat—Upper Amazon, South America. Amorphopus notabilis Serville. Amorphopus notabilis SERVILLE, Hist. Nat. Ins. Orthopt., 1839, 757, pl. 2, figs. 20, 20a—b.—Bo.ivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., XX XI, 1887, 252.—HANCOCK, Genera Insectorum, fasc. 48, 1906, 37, pl. 4, fig. 38. Habitat—This insect has been recorded from Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Venezuela, Guiana, and the island of Trinidad. The present collection con- tains specimens taken at Para and Benevides, Brazil, during the months of June and July. Collection Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. Amorphopus cnemidotus Burmeister. Tetrix cnemidotus BURMEISTER, Handb. Ent., II, 1838, 650. Paratettix cnemidotus BOLIVAR, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., XX XI, 1887, 274.—GIGLIO- Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, XII, no. 302, 1897, 28. Amor phopus cnemidotus HANCOCK, Genera Insectorum, fasc. 48, 1906, 37- Habitat—Brazil. Amorphopus caiman Saussure. Amorphopus caiman SAUSSURE, Orthopt. Nov. Am., ser. 2, 1861, 33. Habitat—Brazil. 98 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Whether or not this and the preceding species are distinct is uncertain until a number of specimens from various parts of South America are critically studied. Amorphopus testudo Saussure. Amorphopus testudo SAUSSURE, Orthopt. Nov. Am., ser. 2, 1861, 32. Habitat—Guiana, S. America. Genus EomoreHopus Hancock. Eomorphopus HANCO CK, Genera Insectorum, fasc. 48, 1906, 37. The species of this genus are confined to South America. They may be separated as follows: A. Dorsum of the pronotum rugulose; anterior femora above biundulate. antennatus Bolivar. AA. Dorsum of the pronotum nearly smooth granulate; the anterior femora strongly carinate; above triundiulates este eecieieiee - cieie ene granulatus Hancock. Eomorohopus antennatus (Bolivar). Amorphopus antennatus BOLIVAR, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., XX XI, 1887, 251, pl. 2, figs. 19, 19a—b. Eomorphopus antennatus HANCOCK, Genera Insectorum, fase. 48, 1906, 38. Habitat—This insect is credited to the Upper Amazon by Bolivar and Hancock. The Smith collection contains specimens taken at Chapada, near Cuyaba, Matto Grosso, Brazil. Collection Carnegie Museum, Pitts- burgh. There are specimens in the writer’s collection which were taken on the island of Trinidad. Eomorphopus granulatus Hancock. Eomorphopus granulatus HANCOCK, Genera Insectorum, fasc. 48, 1906, 38, pl. 4, figs. 35, 354. Habitat—Dutch Guiana, South America. The present collection also contains specimens taken at Benevides and Santarem, Brazil. Collection Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, This last species may be recognized from antennatus by its much smoother body and slightly slenderer form. Genus CurirtguiA Morse. Chiriquia Morsk, Biol. Centr.-Am., Orthopt., II, 1900, 7.— HANCOCK, Tettigide N. Am., 1902, 49; Genera Insectorum, fasc. 48, 1906, 39. The two species of the genus are confined to the extreme southern parts of North America and to South America. They may be distinguished as follows: BRUNER: SoutH AMERICAN TETRIGIDA. 99 A. Posterior lateral lobes of the pronotum lamellate, squarely truncate at the apex; the median carina strongly undulate for two-thirds of its length. serrata Morse. AA. Posterior lateral lobes of the pronotum with their apex acutely produced; the. median carina in front bicristate................. concinna Bolivar. Chiriquia serrata Morse. Chiriquia serrata Morse, Biol. Centr.-Am., Orthopt., II, 1900, 7. Habitat—This insect has been recorded from Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama in North America. There is no doubt in the writer’s mind but that its distribution also extends into South American territory as well. Chiriquia concinna (Bolivar). Metradora concinna Bo.ttvar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., XXXI, 1887, 249. Chiriquia concinna HANCOCK, Genera Insectorum, fasc. 48, 1906, 39. Habitat—Recorded heretofore from Paramaribo, Dutch Guiana and Peru. Represented by a single specimen in the present collection coming from Para, Brazil. Collection Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. Genus PLATYTETTIX Hancock. Platytettix Hancock, Ent. News, XVII, 1906, 88; Genera Insectorum, fasc. 48, 1906, 39. Three species of the genus Platytettix at least have come to light thus far. They may be separated in this manner: A. Larger (8-9 mm.). Pronotum strongly reticulate and gibbous. b. Apex of the anterior edge of the posterior lateral lobes of the pronotum greatly PLOCMCCOmALG AC IIMINATG «cfc eisare acne eis cae cs reticulatus Hancock. bb. Apex of the posterior lateral lobes but little produced ...gibbinotus sp. nov. AA. Smaller (7 mm.). Pronotum comparatively smooth. Posterior angles of Ene prOnotum roundly angulate.... sc... .scse +. meee ss: uniformis sp. Nov. Platytettix reticulatus Hancock. Platytettix reticulatus HANCOCK, Ent. News, XVII, 1906, 88-89; Genera Insec- torum, fasc. 48, 1906, 40, pl. 3, figs. 23, 23a. Habitat.—Peru. Platytettix gibbinotus sp. nov. Very similar to P. reticulatus Hancock, but somewhat smaller, and with the lower posterior angles of the pronotum shorter and less acute. It also differs from that species in having the upper and lower carine of the anterior femora quite differently lobate than shown in Hancock’s figure (vide Genera Insectorum, fasc. 48, pl. 3, fig. 23) the upper one being scarcely lobate, while the lower is strongly developed into two acute 100 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. lobes which occupy the middle third, the outer or apical lobe being twice as prominent as the basal one. The first joint of the posterior tarsi is distinctly longer than the third. The general color of the present series is dark fusco-ferruginous, with the apical joints of the antenne testaceous. Length of body, #, 7.5 mm., 9, 8 mm.; of pronotum, @ and 9, 7.55 mm.; of hind femora, o, 4.5mm., 9, 4.85 mm.; length to tip of pronotum, 3, 8.5 mm., 2, 8 mm. Habitat—One male and one female, Para, Brazil, taken in August by H. H. Smith. The collection also contains what is apparently a nymph of this same species from Benevides, Brazil, collected in July. Collection Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. The dorsum of the pronotum back of the humeral gibbosity is rounded in the female but flattened in the male. Platytettix uniformis sp. nov. Considerably smaller than the preceding species and P. reticulatus Hancock, from both of which it differs in the non- or less strongly reticulate and less gibbous pronotum, and in having the lower posterior angles of the pronotum roundly angulate instead of acute. The carine of the anterior and middle femora, while prominent, are not undulate above and scarcely lobate below, but notched so as to produce an acute tooth in advance of the apex. Head small, the eyes separated above by a space greater than the diameter of one of them. The vertex is slightly advanced in front of the eyes, where the upper extremity of the frontal costa is quite prominent and when viewed from above appears as an acute median anteriorly projecting tooth; the space between the eyes above is provided in the middle with a continuation of the frontal costa as a longitudinal carina reaching nearly or quite to the anterior edge of the pronotum. The latter elevated, somewhat inflated and rounded between the humeri and anterior edge, but not especially rugose, on the disk between the median and humeral carine provided on each side with a short supple- mentary carina, posteriorly with several short irregular longitudinal ruge, the apex broadly acuminate. Hind femora robust, the upper edge and outer face comparatively smooth. General color dark fuscous, indistinctly mottled with paler. Hind tibia, and in fact the anterior and middle ones also, showing traces of annulation. Length of body, @ and 9, 6 mm.; of pronotum, 6 mm.; length to tip of pronotum, 7 mm.; of hind femora, 4 mm. BRUNER: SOUTH AMERICAN TETRIGIDA. 101 Habitat—Four specimens, two from Para and two from Benevides, Brazil, collected in July by H. H. Smith. A nymph, apparently of this species, also from Benevides, is before me. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. Genus GLADIOTETTIX Hancock. Nephele Bottvar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., XXXI, 1887, 252. Gladiotéttix HANcock, Genera Insectorum, fasc. 48, 1906, footnote 40. Gladiotettix turgida (Bolivar). Nephele turgida BOLtvar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., XX XI, 1887, 252-253. Gladiotettix turgida HANCOCK, Genera Insectorum, fasc. 48, 1906, 40. Habitat—Brazil, Upper Amazon, Peru. The H. H. Smith collection contains specimens taken at Para and Benevides, Brazil. They were collected during the month of July. Car- negie Museum, Pittsburgh. Gladiotettix unicristata Hancock. Nephele unicristata HANcocK, MS., Genera Insectorum, fasc. 48, 1906, 40. Gladiotetlix unicristata HANCOCK, loc. cit., footnote. The annexed description was prepared by Dr. J. L. Hancock and sub- mitted to the present writer for insertion in a paper on British Guiana Orthoptera which has not been published as yet. The species should be credited to him in bibliographic references. “‘Characters—A well marked species. &, body moderately robust, strongly rugoso-granulose, and provided with tubercles; color fusco-fer- ruginous, legs somewhat interspersed with lighter ferruginous, apical half of the tarsal articles fuscous. Face nearly vertical; vertex very wide, at the front margin barely more than twice the breadth of one of the eyes, crown very much shortened, the lateral margins little convergent for- ward, median carina obsolete with the exception of a barely elevated tubercle anteriorly; on either side the anterior half of the vertex fossulate, the front transversely carinate and truncate, viewed from in front barely concave, from above not advanced so far as the eyes, outwardly on either side next to the eyes the frontal carine little oblique, elevated tuberculiform; frontal costa viewed in profile lightly protuberant but flattened, viewed from in front the rami widely separated between the antenne and parallel. Eyes prominent, globose, viewed from above somewhat reniform and sub- stylate; ocelli minute, placed between the inferior fourth of the eyes; antenne situated distinctly below the ventro-anterior border of the eyes, the distance between them equal to about that from the eyes; last two articles of palpi strongly depresso-ampliate. Pronotum anteriorly trun- 102 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. cate, but the margin at the middle excavate, posteriorly subulate, dis- tinctly passing the femoral apices, the apex of process little upturned, dorsum between the shoulders strongly compresso-elevated; the median carina strongly compressed forwards and formed into an elevated serrato- angulate crest, very thin and translucent when held against the light; the anterior margin of the crest situated before the shoulders, concave, and provided with tubercles, the posterior margin convex, serrato-crenulate, and extending backward to the anterior fifth of the hind femora; highest point of crest situated between the shoulders, the apex acute, and little produced forward; median carina posteriorly thin and inconspicuous, the dorsal surface strongly rugoso-subreticulate; humeral angles obtuse, inter- rupted anteriorly; supraelytral margin narrow, little convex; humero- apical carine very thin, enclosing a wide longitudinal scapular area above the supraelytral margin; anterior carine just behind the front border obsolete, and instead presenting minute tubercles; posterior angles of the lateral lobes little laminate outward, dentate produced, behind oblique and serrate; elytral sinus shallow. Elytra oval, punctate; wings fully explicate, barely longer than the pronotal process. Femora compressed, anterior femoral margins above undulate, inferior margins barely undulate; middle femoral margins sinuato-lobate; posterior femora stout, inflated, external pagina provided with many tumose elevations, the superior mar- gin strongly arcuate, minutely serrulate and furnished with about four tubercles, the inferior margins straight, provided with two minute den- ticles, the ante-genicular denticle above large and elevated subobtuse; the genicular denticle strongly distinct and serrate but not produced backward; lateral margins of posterior tibiz straight, scarcely at all expanded at the apices, regularly dentate, the denticles being very small, the canthi between the denticles minutely serrulate; first article of the posterior tarsi having the first and second pulvilli small and of equal length, the third much longer and subobsolete or flat below.’”’ (The third tarsal article as well as the antenna of the “‘type’’ missing.) Total length, #, 12.3 mm _; of pronotum, 11.5 mm.; of posterior femora, 5.5 mm. Habitat—Demarara, British Guiana, collected by R. J. Crew. The type is in the collection of Professor L. Bruner. Gladiotettix hancocki sp. nov. Rather closely related to the preceding species but differing from it in ts somewhat larger size and in having the median carina even more —. BRUNER: SOUTH AMERICAN TETRIGID® 103 elevated and foliaceous, with its anterior edge reaching the front margin of the disk of the pronotum, straight and tridentate, the hind part of the crest less abrupt and serrato-crenulate. Surface of the pronotum rather closely punctate, less rugose than in the species with which it has just been compared. Frontal costa less prominent and the rami not so widely separated between the antenne as described for wnicristata. Lower posterior angles of the pronotum less prominent than in the preceding species, the anterior angle produced into a blunt tooth, back of this very gently crenulate. Tegmina elongate oval, the apex rounded. Wings complete, a trifle surpassing the apex of the pronotal process, which is smooth above instead of serrato-undulate as in the preceding species. Legs much the same as inthe species with which it is being compared, possibly with the carinz a trifle stronger and the teeth more pronounced. General color dark fuscous, with the apical half of the pronotum and hind femora tinged with ferruginous, the latter especially noticeably so. Length of body, @, 8.5 mm.; of pronotum, 12.5 mm.; of hind femora, 5.35mm.; length to tip of wings, 14.25 mm.; height of pronotal crest above humeri, 3 mm. Habitat—The type and only specimen of the present species comes from Para, Brazil, where it was taken during the month of July by H. H. Smith. The type is in the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. The three species of the present genus may be separated as follows: A. Median carina of the pronotum only gently compresso-elevated between the humeri; apical joint of the antenne pallid; carinz of anterior femora scarcely WETIGAUL LA BEY. S tema eet oe en ae Reich case Tae gle oieiahe tet ea, ois auras tanasys whOve turgida Bolivar. AA. Median carina of the pronotum greatly compresso-elevated or foliaceous; carine of the anterior and middle femora undulate. b. Crest of pronotum not reaching its anterior margin, not ascending abruptly in front but gradually, its height about equaling the width of dorsum between the base of the tegmina................... unicristata Hancock. bb. Crest of pronotum reaching its anterior margin and ascending abruptly in front, its height decidedly greater than the width of the dorsum be- tween the base. of thettegmina sn 26. sere fens sie hancocki sp. nov. Genus Crriuisus Bolivar. Crimisus Botitvar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., XXXI, 1887, 246. — HANCOCK, Gen- era Insectorum, fasc. 48, 1906, 40. The two species of this genus, neither of which is represented in the material at hand for study, may be separated by the annexed table. A. Pronotum posteriorly lengthily subulate................ patruus Bolivar. AA. Pronotum posteriorly acuminate, not produced beyond the apex of the hind TEL OGEh Loe eee SERS cles PU Aen i res contractus Bolivar. 104 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Crimisus patruus Bolivar. Crimisus patruus BoLivAaR, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., XX XI, 1887, 246.— HAN- cock, Genera Insectorum, fasc. 48, 1906, 40. Habitat—Upper Amazon. Crimisus contractus Bolivar. Crimisus contractus BoLivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., XXXI, 1887, 246.— HANn- cock, Genera Insectorum, fasc. 48, 1906, 40. Habitat—Peru. SCLEROTETTIX gen. nov. As noted in the synopsis of subfamilies and genera on preceding pages this genus falls between Crimisus and Metrodora in the subfamily Metro- dorine. It is characterized by having the body but little depressed, of moderate robustness, and more or less strongly carinate and rugose, in being winged and also having the posterior extremity of the pronotum acuminate and more or less elongated to or beyond the extremity of the hind femora. The vertex does not extend so far and is about as wide as the shortest diameter of one of the moderately prominent eyes, depressed at middle and provided at sides with quite prominent carina which when viewed from in front appear as small horns. The frontal costa is roundly prominent between the antenne, but less so above, the sides only moder- ately divergent, the sulcation fairly deep. The lateral or posterior ocelli are situated near the middle of the eyes, while the antenne are attached just below a line connecting their lower edges. Tegmina and wings present, the former of moderate size, the latter shorter than (abbreviatus) or plainly longer than the elongate or subulate pronotum (the remainder of the species). Anterior and middle femora with prominent carinz which are either entire or else more or less lobed. Hind femora of medium length, fairly robust and rather strongly nodose-rugulose and granulose, their superior carina quite strong and produced into one or two rather prominent pregenicular and an apical tooth. Hind tibie but gently enlarged apically, most numerously and strongly spined on the external margin, where the number varies from 7 to 12, the inner edge with no spines on the apical third, the number on other portion varying from 3 to 5. The species tibialis, herewith characterized. may be considered the type of the genus. All of the known species are South American, and come from the tropical regions. SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES OF SCLEROTETTIX. A. Body rather strongly carinated and rugose; the disk of the pronotum more or less strongly depressed; median carina compresso-elevated in front, undulate and interrupted posteriorly; lateral carina very prominent. BRUNER: SouTH AMERICAN TETRIGID. 105 b. Pronotum and wings abbreviated, little if any longer than the abdomen, the wings decidedly shorter than the pronotum........ abbreviatus sp. nov. bb. Pronotum long and slender, the wings fully developed and extending beyond the apex of the pronotum. c. Lower posterior angles of the pronotum strongly turned outwards, somewhat rounded. Middle femora with the lower carina straight, the apical portion of the thigh provided with a strong, long tooth; upper carina of hind tibiae strongly lobate. All the tibia decidedly annulated with MLS CO LIS pee Mere ENE ol cial oct pore w. 8i ole ae rv a, UREN ee CMa te tibialis sp. nov. cc. Lower posterior angles of the pronotum less strongly turned outwardly, decidedly rounded. Median femora with the lower carina somewhat undulate, the tooth on the apical portion of the thigh less prominent, the upper carina of middle tibia not lobate. Tibia less conspicuously ATTRA LA yo ee cote ticks et ecg ete ed Wake a ancises 0 iss) aioe? 5 aon Wags! 60 47 IK.°Cs coryt, ave femaless Sais. tie eh pyaar eno re ines 139 56 46 IR C.COrVt CY Dea Ee OO CEE eee 139 53 44 Topp : ORNITHOLOGY OF BAHAMA ISLANDS. 413 Mr. Worthington’s success in securing a series of this rail, which is one of the most difficult of Bahaman birds to collect, renders it possible for the first time to make adequate comparisons to determine its status. In addition to the above specimens, I have studied in this connection the material in the American Museum and the Field Museum. The present form is strikingly different from its nearest mainland representative, R. c. waynei, being decidedly paler in general coloration. It is in fact nearer R. c. crepitans of the Atlantic coast from Virginia northward, but is obviously paler. The difference in measurements between these forms is inconsequential, although R. c. waynei seems to average a trifle smaller than either of the others, with a slightly longer bill. The type specimen of coryi, which I have examined, although marked a male, is almost certainly erro- neously sexed, so that Mr. Sennett’s diagnosis of this as a short-billed form is misleading. Neither has it anything to do with any of the forms of R. longirostris, as he seems to intimate (Auk, VI, 1889, 163). In making comparisons in this group care must of course be taken to choose specimens in the same condition of plumage, as wear and fading cause great changes. Bahaman individuals taken from April to June are very pale indeed, in some cases being buffy white below. In all probability all the Bahaman records for crepitans refer to the present form, whose previously known range is considerably extended by Mr. Worthington’s investigations. “Tris reddish brown; bill orange brown, culminal ridge and tip blackish, feet pale brownish orange”’ or “olive gray.” 15. Porzana carolina (Linnzus). Two specimens: Great Inagua (Mathewtown). 16. Gallinula galeata galeata (Lichtenstein). Three specimens: Great Inagua (Mathewtown). One bird is in first nuptial plumage, the frontal shield being small, and the throat mottled with white. 17. Pisobia minutilla (Vieillot). Three specimens: New Providence (south coast); Great Inagua (Alfred Sound). These are all in full winter dress, with no sign of prenuptial moult. 18. Helodromas solitarius solitarius (\Vilson). One specimen: Great Inagua (Mathewtown). This specimen is not matched by any others examined in thi \4 ns 414 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. connection. It is evidently not in winter dress, for the crown and breast are distinctly streaked. The spotting above is buffy, however, as in winter, and there is a buffy suffusion on the breast also. The body-plumage appears worn, which ought not to be the case if the bird had just passed through a prenuptial moult. 19. Squatarola squatarola (Linnzus). One specimen: Great Inagua (Alfred Sound). An adult in full winter plumage, with no sign of prenuptial moult, although the freshness of some of the body-feathers in contrast with the general plumage suggests that they have been recently renewed. 20. Oxyechus vociferus rubidus Riley. One specimen: Great Inagua (Mathewtown). Compared with four winter specimens from Florida, this bird is noticeably smaller in size, the wing measuring only 150 mm., while in two Florida females it is 162 and 168 mm. respectively. In general coloration the Great Inagua bird is paler, with the rusty edgings of the upper parts more pronounced. It agrees well in these respects, however, with summer specimens from Jamaica and Cuba, and evi- dently belongs to the form renamed as above by Mr. Riley (Proceedings Biological Society of Washington, XXII, 1909, 88). Examination of a considerable series of summer adults from Great Inagua in the col- lection of the Field Museum abundantly confirms the conclusion just announced. Owing, however, to the peculiar makeup of the skins satisfactory wing-measurements cannot be taken, but the general difference in size between these birds and United States specimens is obvious at a glance. The amount of rusty feather-edging is a more variable character. The form under consideration seems clearly entitled to recognition, although I have been unable to discover any other recent references bearing on its subspecific discrimination, It is of course not surprising to find that this is the form inhabiting Great Inagua, which is so near the West Indies proper, but several skins from Watlings Island (in the Field Museum collection) and at least one from Eleuthera (No. 36511, Rock Sound, November 15, 1891), obviously belonging to the same small race, raise an interesting question regarding its occurrence on the other islands of the group, True vociferus is found as a winter resident throughout the range of the present form. 21. gialitis semipalmata (Bonaparte). Two specimens: Great Inagua (Alfred Sound). Topp: ORNITHOLOGY OF BAHAMA ISLANDS. 415 Both are apparently immature birds, with the plumage rather worn and faded, showing no traces of paler feather-edgings, but as yet no indications of prenuptial moult. 22. Octhodromus! wilsonius wilsonius (Ord). Three specimens: Watlings Island. These specimens (all males) exhibit a very decided suffusion of rusty ochre on the nape and sides of the head, so pronounced, indeed, as to have rendered further comparisons desirable in order to ascertain their status. Examination of a considerable series from various United States localities discloses the fact that a certain proportion of the individuals show this coloration, supposed to be characteristic of O. w. rufinucha (Ridgway), to a greater or less extent. Indeed, the type of this form, which has been examined in this connection, is no more rufescent than many of the northern specimens, and in my opinion is nothing more than a migrant from the north. No un- questioned resident birds from Jamaica (the type locality of rufinucha) have been seen, but Mr. Hellmayr (Abhandlungen der K. Bayer. Akademie der Wissenschaften, XXII, 1906, 715) states that birds from Jamaica and Trinidad agree in being readily distinguishable from true wilsonius, and a series from the Dutch West Indies in the Field Museum which I have studied bears out this conclusion. The differential characters of the two forms stand out more clearly in the female sex, in which the sides of the head and the pectoral collar are much more rusty in the series in question than in any of the United States examples, but the alleged difference in the color of the lores does not hold good. But whether the name rufinucha can properly be applied to this form is open to question, as I have already intimated. The matter is complicated by our lack of precise knowledge regarding the winter range of the two forms (¢f. Cooke, Bulletin Biological Survey, No. 35, 1910, 93; 94). Mr. Hell- mayr, in the paper before referred to, insists that the type of Chara- drius crassirostris Spix belongs to the northern form—a conclusion in my judgment open to grave doubt, if for no other reason than the un- likelihood of wilsonius ever migrating so far south in winter as Brazil. 1 Mr. Gregory M. Mathews, in two recent papers published in the Novitates Zoélogice, proposes a large number of changes in generic terms, Eupoda, for ex- ample, replacing Octhodromus. Several other names used in the present paper are also affected, but pending the verification of the proposed changes none of them are formally adopted here. 416 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. There is a specimen in the Carnegie Museum (No. 8887) from Buri- taca, Colombia, September 18, 1899, which is an exact counterpart of Spix's description and plate, and I suspect is an immature bird of the resident form. In this view of the case, the subspecies of the Wilson Plover breeding in South America and the Antilles would stand as Octhodromus wilsonius crassirostris (Spix). All Bahaman skins so far examined belong to true wilsonius. 23. Arenaria interpres morinella (Linnzus). One specimen: Great Inagua (Alfred Sound). This individual is still (February 12) in winter dress. 24. Columba leucocephala Linnezus. Five specimens: New Providence (Blue Hills); Abaco (Sand Bank). Two of the New Providence examples have the dull grayish crown said to be characteristic of the immature bird, but in all three skins many of the old and worn brownish feathers have been replaced with fresh bluish slate feathers, especially in the case of the scapulars, wing-coverts, and remiges. It would appear, however, that this moult is not complete, as I can find no evidence of actual replacement going on (that is, growing feathers in sheaths), and the two Abaco birds (both females, however), although taken so much later in the season, show the same condition, some of the feathers being quite fresh while others are obviously worn. “Tris white; cere and feet crimson.”’ 25. Zenaida zenaida (Bonaparte). Twelve specimens: Great Inagua (Alfred Sound); Watlings Island; Abaco (Sand Bank, Spencer’s Point). Considerable individual variation exists in the color-pattern of the middle rectrices, which in some specimens are immaculate brown, while in others they show a well-defined dusky bar, with every intermediate degree between these two extremes of style. One individual is al- binescent in this part, the two middle rectrices and some of the upper tail-coverts being mottled and clouded with white. ‘Feet dark (or pale) crimson; iris dark hazel.” 26. Chemepelia passerina bahamensis (Maynard). Six specimens: New Providence (Blue Hills). Mr. Maynard’s name bahamensis was based on birds from New Providence (cf. Bangs, Auk, XVII, 1900, 286), which are obviously smaller and paler than Florida examples—but not so pale as C. p. _ Topp: ORNITHOLOGY OF BAHAMA ISLANDS. 417 pallescens, as stated by Mr. Riley (in Shattuck, The Bahama Islands, 1905, 352)—while the bill is wholly dark (in the dry skin; unfortunately the colors when fresh are not stated). 27. Chemepelia passerina exigua (Riley). Ten specimens: Great Inagua (Alfred Sound, Mathewtown). This series differs from the New Providence birds in smaller size and decidedly paler coloration, averaging paler even than C. p. pallescens. Upon comparison they prove to be referable to the form from Mona Island, Porto Rico, described by Mr. Riley as Colum- bigallina passerina exigua ( Proceedings United States National Museum, XXIX, 1905, 171). The discovery that two readily separable but intergrading forms of the Ground Dove inhabit the Bahama Islands is in line with other facts of distribution already known, and will be discussed more fully in another connection. There is a young bird in juvenal dress from Mathewtown, February 26, indicating that the species breeds very early. 28. Falco columbarius columbarius Linneus. One specimen: New Providence (Blue Hills). 29. Amazona leucocephala bahamensis (Bryant). Six specimens: Acklin Island (Pompey Bay). “Tris grayish yellow; bill white; feet yellow.” The present series, secured by Mr. Worthington after strenuous efforts, taken in connection with the specimens in the American and the Field Museums, has afforded a fair basis for determining the status of this form, whose standing as a subspecies has been considered doubtful. First, as regards relative size, the following table of meas- urements gives the necessary data: Depth No. Sex. Locality. Wing. Tail. Culmen. of Bill. B08se- 2 Pompey Bay, Acklm 75 oe. se a on 201 123 29 32 30889! co Pompey Bay, Acklin I............:.... 210 L205 S2 33 30800. ict Pompey, Bay, Scklinily, 7-2... das... Ori T3232 30 33 BOSOTo iS ea bom peys Daye ACs Doon. eters ers cones nye 203 124) 28 2 BOSO2 aS Pompeysbay ACkingl nr: esac. 2 es 24%, 205 125 20 30 BOso8. Go Pompey, Bay, AcklinD:. 045.6 5c. tee 208 127 -= ae 161917 @Q@ Northeast Point, Great Inagua......... 199 125 20 29 £69772 “ol Mare Pond; Great Inagua..........:.°. 200 118 30 30 169792 co Mare Pond, Great Inagua.............. 196 124 20 — 1 Collection Carnegie Museum. 2 Collection Field Museum. 418 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. The three Great Inagua birds were collected in June and July, and being somewhat worn they naturally average a little less in length of wing and tail. Following are the measurements of Cuban examples of Amazona leucocephala leucocephala: Depth No. Sex: Locality. Wing. Tail. Culmen. of Bill. D204 eee Chrinidad mC ubalene sia i ann ae ee 188 107 25 29 S720 5S eon eDrinidads Ciba seen eee meee 184 108 24 27 Gye? “OS “Ababockiel, (@iseysodanaanobscucsucuonce 184 107 20 28 ovis oe Ahehickwel (Oris so ooqn0eueuesaebs ones 196 104 26 28.5 46342 of a Ch bey hes Wen ae va ee ee ene Ae 187 104 26 20 ——— tO WiAtekaASy Cuibacmaitc irepecths hiss oke acai rotons 180 99 24 27 ——— OU mY aterasy Cubam 1a nae acoa tae oer 180 103 24 26 Allowing for an obvious sexual difference in size, the Bahaman birds are thus considerably larger than those from Cuba, with a much heavier bill. In color the respective series differ as follows: in the Bahaman bird the abdominal purplish red patch is more restricted, the white crown-patch extends farther back, and the red area at the base of the outer rectrices is duller and smaller, the color being mostly confined to a strip along the shaft on the inner web. In the Cuban bird this red area is sometimes mixed with yellow. None of the Bahaman examples, however, show any red on the under wing-coverts, and I am at a loss to know what Mr. Cory means by this phrase in his description (Birds of the West Indies, 1889, 183), but all show a few pinkish or yellowish feathers bordering the white crown behind. Besides being smaller, females differ from males in having less red on the rectrices, while all the subspecific characters are accentuated, and the red area of the throat seems larger than in Cuban birds. While Great Inagua specimens perhaps have a little more red below than those from Acklin Island, on the whole the Bahaman series is quite uniform, and suffices to demonstrate the validity of bahamensis as a subspecies. Were there no such striking color-differences, the larger size alone would be diagnostic. The form described from Grand Cayman by Mr. Cory (Auk, III, 1886, 497), under the name Chrysotis caymanensis, I find upon examination ought probably to stand as a third subspecies, Amazona leucocephala caymanensis. 30. Crotophaga ani Linnzus. Eight specimens: New Providence (Blue Hills); Andros (Staniard Creek); Abaco (Spencer’s Point). “Tris dark hazel.” 2 Collection Field Museum. 3 Collection American Museum. Topp: ORNITHOLOGY OF BAHAMA ISLANDS. 419 Saving only the single Andros specimen, the above birds are all in a curiously mixed plumage, the result perhaps of a partial moult, some of the feathers being old and worn and brown, while adjacent feathers are new and bright, although fully grown. This condition, which may be noticed in other species of this family, affects not only the body-plumage, but the remiges and rectrices and their coverts as well, apparently in no particular order, as is the case in a “regular”’ moult. 31. Saurothera bahamensis bahamensis bryant. Six specimens: New Providence (Blue Hills). “Tris light hazel; skin over eye, and edge of lower eyelid, scarlet vermilion; feet bluish horn.” MEASUREMENTS. Depth No. Sex. Locality. Wing. Tail. Culmen. of Bill 30573 @ Blue Hills; New Providence.............. 158 242 58 13.5 goo“2' co ‘Blue Hulls; New Providence... .......... 154 242 50 12.5 goo4s, ict + Blue Hulls; New Providence... 53... . Si 254 55 12 30678 @Q Blue Hills, New Providence............. 147 235 51 12 30713 @ Blue Hills, New Providence............. 159 260 55 14 30714 §Y Blue Hills, New Providence............. 159 263 55 14 It will be noted that the series, taken as a whole, shows considerable individual variation in size, one specimen being as small as the form from Andros. Although all of these birds are in comparatively fresh plumage, none have tails measuring up to those given by Mr. Miller (Auk, XI, 1894, 165). 32. Saurothera bahamensis andria Miller. One specimen: Andros (Staniard Creek). “Tris hazel; skin around eye scarlet vermilion, except white spot directly under eye.” Besides the above specimen, I have examined one skin in the American Museum and three in the Field Museum, the series meas- uring as follows: Depth No. Sex. Locality. Wing. Tail. Culmen. of Bill. 309042 Go StaniardiiCreek, Amdros. 3%)... chee ees 150 238 50 tg) OS OL am Ch mCATICLE OS hiits ord Aetet oe erste cece fake ei fe leroy et exe sees, © 150 240 50 13 SO RG NT) CHOSE tes Miersiate rs Veoh hares GENS «yeeros eo, ai'sl ars 154 262 48 m2a5 (afokitess ele JSstaioke © Gnd ners 2 GICs Onhop IOneRe 143 243 49 14 PA COE MMO EMELCHE CHS Mca an cr nec ats cote Torin ofa) sale ts “soe evel as 155 255 50 15 1 Collection Carnegie Museum. 2? Collection American Museum. 3 Collection C. B. Cory, in Field Museum. 420 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. The characters originally ascribed to this form by Mr. Miller (Auk, XI, 1894, 164) seem to apply to these specimens, but I cannot regard them as being of more than subspecific value. As has been pointed out above, some individuals of S. b. bahamensis are fully as small, with small bills likewise. The general colors of S. b. andria, however, are a shade darker, especially below, while the rufous chestnut of the wings externally is more prominent. 33. Coccyzus minor maynardi Ridgway. Twelve specimens: Great Inagua (Mathewtown); Watlings Island; Abaco (Spencer’s Point). ‘Tris dark hazel; rim of eyelids yellow; rest of bare skin lead-colored; feet light gray.” Some slight variation is exhibted in the depth of the buffy of the under parts, but the series as a whole shows a very constant difference in this respect from a similar series from the Greater Antilles, which Mr. Riley (Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Quarterly Issue, XLVII, 1904, 285) calls Coccyzus minor nesiotes (Cabanis and Heine). To this statement there is one conspicuous exception; a female from Abaco (No. 31137), which is indistinguishable in size and coloration, so far as I can see, from San Domingo examples, being fully as richly colored beneath. In the large series of this species in the collection of the Field Museum there are several specimens showing a similar richness of color, notably two from Andros (Nos. 12377 and 12379), while examples from the Caicos Islands are also rather deeply colored. Whether such individuals actually represent true nesiotes, which is said to straggle northward occasionally to Florida, or are merely abnormally dark-colored examples of the resident Bahaman bird, is an undecided question. 34. Dryobates villosus maynardi Ridgway. Ten specimens: New Providence (Blue Hills); Andros (Staniard Creek). j This fine series exhibits the distinctive subspecific characters with remarkable uniformity. All the specimens have a slight brownish wash on the breast, approaching some of the Pacific Coast forms of this species in this respect. The scarlet nuchal crescent of the male is remarkable for its brilliancy and width, showing little tendency to divide medially, as is so markedly the case in D. v. audubont, the nearest mainland form. In almost every specimen there are a few scattered white feathers on the fore part of the crown. A female from New ‘Topp: ORNITHOLOGY OF BAHAMA ISLANDS. 421 Providence (No. 30589) has a couple of black spots on one of the outermost rectrices, indicating a variation in the direction of the fol- lowing form. 35. Dryobates villosus piger Allen. One specimen: Abaco (Sand Bank). The characters claimed for this form are obvious in the case of the present example. It measures as follows: wing 102 mm.; tail 61; exposed culmen, 24. 36. Sphyrapicus varius varius (Linnzus). Three specimens: New Providence (Blue Hills); Great Inagua (Mathewtown); Watlings Island. Three different plumages are represented. The New Providence bird is an immature female, with a sprinkling of red feathers on the crown; the Watlings Island bird (March 27) is an immature female which has nearly completed the first prenuptial moult; while the example from Great Inagua is an adult male in full plumage. 37. Centurus nyeanus nyeanus Ridgway. Nine specimens: Watlings Island. “Tris red brown; bill black; feet pale olive.’’ The acquisition of this fine series of a bird at one time presumed to be extinct (cf. Nye, Auk, XVI, 1899, 273), but more recently (1903) detected by Mr. Riley (cf. Auk, XX, 1903, 434), enables its characters and relationships to be determined with more precision than hereto- fore. In the first place, in my judgment Mr. Riley has gone too far in reducing the Bahaman forms to subspecies of the Cuban Centurus superciliaris (cf. Auk, XXII, 1905, 355), as I shall endeavor to show further on, and in any event C. n. nyeanus would seem the least closely related to the Cuban species of all three forms. Compared with C. n. blakei, of which a good series of both sexes is available, its differential characters are more obviously of a subspecific nature. Taking up the males first, we find that the principal differences are as follows: in nyeanus the frontal feathers are crimson, scarcely paler than the crown and nape, while in blakei this frontlet is very pale, in some examples being merely tinged withcrimson. The black postocular spot, which is very small or absent in myeanus, is large and prominent in blakei, reaching backward almost even with the hinder margin of the auriculars. In the females the first-named difference also holds good, while the latter one is even more pronounced, the black postocular 429 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. spot being confluent behind with a black band on the crown in bdlaket, while in nyeanus this black is almost wholly concealed by the brownish white feather-tips. The crimson nuchal crescent is not so broad in the females of blakei, while in both sexes of the latter the abdominal red averages less in extent. There is practially no difference in size, nor yet in general color, the differences of such a nature as were indi- cated in the original description not holding good in the present series. However, the type of nyeanus, which I have consulted in this con- nection, is not only much whiter about the head, but also has a larger black postocular spot than any of the specimens now before me; and is misleading to that extent, the real differentiating characters being those I have specified. MEASUREMENTS. No. ‘Sex. Locality. Wing. ‘Tail. Culmen. Tarsus. 30000) |.ot Weatlings Tints eons tees ates els 129 90 34 2a: BOOS a Gl Watling. cecsraroksrssietue esos csleesinl sot eee T25 88 Rios | EE EXOHIO). yo Nebel le ean a Gg Aas ous On nin mn One IRA 82 33 20 ARV vie! AW Ghe 4 woo obo nse eanleceens domes 207 88 31 23 BOleypemore Wiieliielse late a nS Gorn amotio donee dale 130 04 33 22 BOOUIST) Cue WWialtlimcc eli tee rsroie ts caste el ace oncllo te freee cere 130 O04 Ba.5) 22 BOOO7ie “Ga WiatliTt oS ule aaypenesio temic) wie tisuens = hercec tous set 12 89 28.5 20 Booman Oe Wrathinespli ati dere ctarchoteusme sens = cenit 125 03 30 20 BOOZOuS MON Vatlin esl cre.-c-1 wonecs ere neRenisnescotusgeu-p sy hcite 1209 oI 28 21 38. Centurus nyeanus blakei Ridgway. Eight specimens: Abaco (Sand Bank, Spencer’s Point). ’ “Tris deep brown-red; bill black; feet grayish horn.’ MEASUREMENTS. INO. (Sex: Locality. Wing. ‘Tail. Culmen. Tarsus. COs eH sSehowal Iekialic, AVON a on oe uno bor ooo e a3) 85 31 19 Smone vo! Syoveraverery/S) letoyiahes Noy Kelorn ta5 5 Aono ms ooo Bab 130 89 She 20.5 Syneyil, Kot Syoveroeeig sy letayvaley eWoyKoyain odo ab boo soo God. 129 89 Be 22 Seo of Spoor G lPtowales ANOENO: capo obese eoubee 127 02 32 20 S1060N) Gs SandsBank, Abacow.t- sami 2 eae one 128 87 27 20 21002 | Oye Spencers) Point, eAlDaCO!w.nonmey-) cians Ores 129 90 20 22 arrase 19) aSpencers Pomt, AbacOnmc s «2 shoe cea L277 86 28 20 Brrd9, Q° sSpencers Point, Abaco a. ae. - oe ariae 130 890 27 20 In conformity with the previous discussion, this form should stand as above. The present series is quite constant, as is also the type series, which has been studied in this connection. The Cuban Centurus superciliaris, besides being much larger than any of the Bahaman forms, averages much whiter on the wings, sides Topp: ORNITHOLOGY OF BAHAMA ISLANDS. 423 of head, and middle rectrices, and seems specifically distinct, if equal weight be attached to characters deemed of specific value in other woodpeckers of this genus. Of the three Bahaman forms, that from Great Bahama, which must be called C. nyeanus bahamensis Cory, is oddly enough nearest the Cuban bird in color, although farthest removed therefrom geographically. Thus, it is more decidedly tinged with yellowish green both above and below, and has more red on the abdomen, but this red is pinkish, not vermilion as in the other forms. It resembles blakei in having a decided black postocular spot, and myeanus in having a frontlet of deeper red, but differs from both in having a very decided tinge of yellowish green on the back, as above noted. Three specimens in the Field Museum measure as follows: No. Sex. Locality. Wing. ‘Tail. Culmen. Tarsus BORA Ses me GTeal balamatys ste tiaie parc tes Ge 2cc-0h fs. shone 128 92 28 22 BOsHOm GC) GreateBbahama... sic. feces s «05s» Siele ve ase 132 92 30 24 Z0sA0 Ge Greatebahama. Jess 6. ccs tee we eeyev eee 124 90 20 22 The distribution of the Bahaman Centuri is very curious, as they are apparently absent on certain islands where conditions seem favor- able for their existence. 39. Nesophlox! evelyne (Bourcier). Seven specimens: New Providence (Blue Hills); Andros (Staniard Creek); Abaco (Sand Bank). 46. Nesophlox lyrura (Gould). Twelve specimens: Great Inagua (Alfred Sound, Mathewtown). The series includes two immature males, distinguished by the presence of a few glittering purple feathers on the throat, the plumage otherwise resembling that of the female. 41. Riccordia ricordii zeneoviridis Palmer and Riley. Ten specimens: Andros (Staniard Creek); Abaco (Sand Bank, Spencer’s Point). The three birds from Andros are slightly smaller than those from Abaco, and the single male is somewhat more brightly colored. The examination of additional material, placed at my disposal by Mr. Bangs, fails to substantiate the supposed distinction, however. Indeed, the brightest male examined is one from Elbow Cay, Abaco (No. 14973, Bangs Collection), showing some coppery-bronze feather-tipping 1Cf. Ridgway, Proceedings Biological Society of Washington, XXIII, rg10, 55. 424 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. both above and below. Mr. Bangs’ birds were all taken in July and August, which may possibly account for their more brilliant coloration. Mr. Riley has kindly compared both series with the type of R. 7. bracei of New Providence, at present unique. This specimen is a mummy, with the wings and tail being renewed by moult, while “the green of the throat is quite different from Abaco birds; it comes near a silvery chromium green, in some lights inclining to oil green.” Altogether it is different from any other Bahaman specimen examined, but that it is anything more than an abnormal specimen of the or- dinary Bahaman bird I very much doubt. New Providence has been more thoroughly explored than any other island of the group, and no other examples have come to light. The distinctness of the Bahaman bird from that of Cuba has also been questioned, but not having ac- tually compared them I accept for the present the name @neoviridis for the former, while at the same time venturing the prediction that they will prove to be practically identical, as contended by Mr. Bonhote. 42. Tyrannus dominicensis dominicensis (Gmelin). Twelve specimens: Watlings Island; Abaco (Spencer’s Point). The fresh condition of the plumage in this series indicates a pre- nuptial moult recently completed, some examples still retaining, how- ever, old and worn tertials, which the moult has apparently passed by. 43. Tolmarchus bahamensis (Bryant). Nine specimens: New Providence (Blue Hills); Andros (Staniard Creek). Although no signs of moult going on are visible in any of this series, some individuals are duller and more worn, with the crown-patch more restricted and duller. These are characters supposed to belong to the females, but it seems possible that they may indicate immaturity instead. The example from Andros, taken three months later, is still more worn and faded. 44. Myiarchus sagre lucaysiensis (Bryant). Thirteen specimens: New Providence (Blue Hills); Great Inagua (Mathewtown); Andros (Staniard Creek); Abaco (Sand Bank). This is merely a slightly differentiated subspecies of the Cuban M. sagre, averaging grayer above, with less contrast between the crown and back—a feature quite marked in the Cuban bird. There is no appreciable difference in size, however. Regarding the yellowish suffusion of the posterior under parts, there can be no question but Topp: ORNITHOLOGY oF BAHAMA ISLANDS. 425 that it is a seasonal feature, characteristic of the fresh plumage, and fading with the advance of the breeding season. Although con- spicuous in both the New Providence and Great Inagua birds, it is barely indicated in the specimens from Andros and Abaco, and I find precisely parallel changes in a series of the allied form from Cuba. 45. Blacicus bahamensis (Bryant). Twelve specimens: New Providence (Blue Hills); Andros (Staniard Creek); Abaco (Sand Bank). The examples from Andros and Abaco, being more or less worn and faded, have almost entirely lost the yellowish suffusion of the under parts, so obvious in the fresh-plumaged specimens from New Provi- dence, while the grayish white edgings of the secondaries have also become obsolete. These changes are the same as take place in the last species, as above noted. While I follow Mr. Ridgway in recognizing Blacicus, it is difficult to see any good reason for its separation from Mvyiochanes, judging from the present species alone. 46. Mimus polyglottos polyglottos (Linnzus). One specimen: Abaco (Spencer’s Point). In common with Messrs. Cory, Allen, and Ridgway, I find that the Mockingbird of the northern Bahamas, represented by the above specimen, is clearly referable to the continental form. The specimen in question is somewhat worn, but agrees well in color and size with a Florida example in similar condition, especially as regards the tail- pattern. It measures: wing 115 mm.; tail 122; culmen 18. 47. Mimus polyglottos orpheus Linneus. Twelve specimens: Great Inagua (Alfred Sound, Mathewtown). Compared with M. p. polyglottos, the Great Inagua bird, by reason of its decidedly smaller size, whiter under parts, and more extensively white tail, would seem to be sufficiently distinct to stand as a full species, but its distinctness from the other Antillean forms is open to question. After examining the fine series of West Indian Mocking- birds in the Field Museum, as well as considerable additional material in other collections, I am very doubtful as to the propriety of recog- nizing more thanone form. The characters relied on by Mr. Ridgway to separate orpheus, dominicus, and elegans from each other prove upon comparison to be all very subtle and more or less inconstant—the relative proportions, relative amount of white on the wings and tail, 426 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. etc., all varying in the series from Great Inagua, Porto Rico, and Haiti to such an extent that I fail to see the desirability of keeping the birds from these islands separate on such flimsy grounds. Inagua birds, however, average smaller, with a relatively shorter tail, usually about equal to the wing, and as a rule have slightly less white at the base of the primaries, and while, as before remarked, all these differences are subtle and inconstant, they would seem to entitle the present birds to subspecific rank rather more than do the characters ascribed to those from Haiti, for instance. Asin WM. p. polyglottos, males average more white on the innermost primary and third rectrix than do females. I do not think that much dependence can be placed in the color of the upper parts, as this is greatly influenced by wear and fading. A specimen in juvenal dress (February 24) resembles the same stage of M. p. polyglottos, but is obviously smaller, while the outer rectrices are clouded with dusky at the tip. Itis marked “iris gray; gape pale yellowish; bill and feet blackish.’’ In adults the iris is ‘amber yellow” or “brown amber.”’ 48. Mimus gundlachii gundlachii Cabanis. Twenty-one specimens: New Providence (Blue Hills); Great Inagua (Alfred Sound, Mathewtown); Andros (Staniard Creek). After a careful study of this series of finely prepared and fairly comparable specimens I can find no differences whatsoever that would justify the recognition of a subspecies ‘‘bahamensis.”’ There is certainly no constant difference in color, and the average difference in size between the Great Inagua and Andros birds is a negligible quantity. A series from both Eleuthera and Great Inagua in the Field Museum vary considerably in color, some being much browner than others. Under such circumstances I can see nothing in the sub- specific distinctions sought to be established, at least on the assumption (almost certainly justified) that Great Inagua examples are typical gundlachi. A specimen from Andros, April 14, has badly diseased feet, the tarsi having horny flap-like growths one-half inch wide attached to their posterior face, though the bird was said to be fat and otherwise in good condition. “Tris amber brown, brownish yellow, or dark amber; feet blackish horn.” 49. Dumetella carolinensis (Linnzus). Two specimens: New Providence (Blue Hills); Abaco (Sand Bank). Topp: ORNITHOLOGY OF BAHAMA ISLANDS. 427 Both examples are in perfectly fresh plumage, even the Abaco specimen, although taken so late in the season as April 28, showing no sign of wear or fading, as do birds taken in the United States at this season. 50. Margarops fuscatus fuscatus (Vieillot). Thirteen specimens: Great Inagua (Alfred Sound); Watlings Island. “Tris pale straw-color; bill and feet light brownish horn.” The white edgings to the tertials, so conspicuous in fresh-plumaged birds, such as those from Great Inagua in the present series, are very evanescent, and are soon lost by wear, having almost disappeared in the specimens from Watlings Island. 51. Mimocichla plumbea (Linneus). Twelve specimens: New Providence (Blue Hills); Abaco (Sand Bank). Individuals in first nuptial plumage may be readily distinguished by the worn and brownish primaries, secondaries, and primary- coverts, in contrast with the fresher wing-coverts, tertials, and body- plumage, indicating a prenuptial moult involving these parts. The rectrices are possibly also affected, as they are much fresher in some specimens than in others. 52. Polioptila cerulea cerulea (Linneus). Fourteen specimens: New Providence (Blue Hills); Great Inagua (Alfred Sound, Mathewtown); Abaco (Sand Bank, Spencer’s Point). After very careful critical study of an ample and comparable series of specimens of most excellent quality, I confess my inability to discriminate the supposed subspecies ‘‘c@siogaster.’’ It is quite true that the examples from New Providence and Great Inagua may repre- sent winter migrants from the United States, but this cannot be said of the six specimens from Abaco, one of which is marked as a breeding bird which would have laid within a few days. These Abaco speci- mens do not differ in any perceptible respect (allowing, of course, for their slightly more worn condition) from the rest of the series, nor from birds from Florida and Pennsylvania, unless it is considered that a wing-measurement averaging two millimeters less is a difference of subspecific value. It is therefore necessary to reduce P. c. c@sio- gaster to a synonym of P. c. cerulea. The Great Inagua specimens show more or less feather-renewal about the head and throat, which is of course to be considered as a prenuptial moult. 428 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 53. Vireosylva calidris barbatula (Cabanis). Twelve specimens: Andros (Staniard Creek); Abaco (Sand Bank, Spencer’s Point). 54. Vireo griseus griseus (Boddaert). One specimen: Andros (Staniard Creek), April 14. The first Bahaman record tor this species, although one not unex- pected. Whether it represents a resident or a migrant bird, or is merely a straggler, is an open question. The specimen agrees well with examples from Florida referable to this form. 55. Vireo crassirostris crassirostris (Bryant). Twenty-nine specimens: New Providence (Blue Hills); Great Inagua (Alfred Sound, Mathewtown); Andros (Staniard Creek). “Tris gray; feet and bill dark plumbeous, with base of lower mandible paler.”’ Lanivireo crassirostris was originally described from New Providence, and the type specimen (now in the collection of the U. S. National Museum) is an individual about midway between the extremes of color exhibited by the series from this island (cf. Bangs, Auk, XVII, 1900, 289). In 1886 Mr. Cory described a vireo from Grand Cayman under the name Vireo alleni (Auk, III, 1886, 500), to which species he later (Catalogue West Indian Birds, 1892, 153) referred all his bright-colored examples from various islands of the Bahaman group, indicating also that many specimens were intermediate in their charac- ters. Meanwhile, however, Mr. Ridgway had described the bright- colored Bahaman bird as Vireo crassirostris flavescens (Manual North American Birds, 1887, 476), stating that, ‘“‘although occurring together with true V. crassirostris on several islands, this form occurs exclu- sively on Rum Cay and Concepcion Island, while only the true YV. crassirostris is found on Abaco and New Providence.” Ignoring for the moment the question of alleni versus flavescens, let us consider the status of the Bahaman birds. Contrary to Mr. Ridgway’s implication, the series of twelve specimens from New Providence in the present collection presents a perfect gradation in intensity of coloration, ranging from the dullest-colored examples to birds absolutely indistinguishable, so far as I can see, from the average of the bright-colored yellow specimens from Great Inagua. The five skins from Andros all represent the extreme or typical development of the gray or dull-colored style, although it would seem that this is in part seasonal, due to some extent at least to wear and fading. Topp: ORNITHOLOGY OF BAHAMA ISLANDS. 429 Two other specimens from Andros in the collection of the American Museum are much yellower, although collected in May, while a third, dated April 18, is almost as pale below as Vireosylva magister. In the Field Museum collection there are eighteen skins from Andros, more or less badly discolored by preservative, but as nearly as can be determined all ‘“‘intermediates.’’ The remainder of the Field Museum series may be allocated as follows (employing the nomenclature currently accepted): Great Bahama: I nearly typical flavescens, 8 intermediates. Abaco: 8 crassirostris, 2 intermediates, 1 flavescens (not quite typical). Eleuthera: 2 crassirostris, 1 intermediate, 30 quite typical flavescens. New Providence: 6 crassirostris, 4 intermediate, 1 flavescens. Biminis: I crassirostris, I intermediate, 1 flavescens. Mariguana: 17 flavescens, in rough plumage, but mainly typical. Great Inagua: 24 adult, 13 young flavescens, 1 crassirostris. This latter specimen (No. 25338), together with a skin (No. 40100) in the American Museum collection taken at the same time and place (North- west Point, June 2, 1879) is much worn and faded, and cannot other- wise be matched. Caicos: 9 flavescens. A series of young birds from Great Inagua, taken between June 27 and August 4, 1891, in the Field Museum collection, are interesting in that they show the new yellow feathers of the under parts, charac- teristic of flavescens, being directly assumed by postjuvenal moult. The juvenal dress is white below, shaded with yellow on the sides and crissum, the yellow of the sides of the head indicated, but much paler than in the adult, the back more grayish. The color-differences between typical birds of the two supposed forms are sufficiently evident upon comparison, and considered alone are obviously of subspecific value. As is quite natural also (at least in the case of other than insular forms) intermediate examples occur. So far all is well, but when we come to correlate the distribution of the two forms with definite geographic areas we at once encounter diffi- culties. For, while in general it would seem that the dull bird reaches its extreme development and predominance in the more western and northern islands of the Bahaman group, and the bright bird similarly in the more southern and eastern islands, we find in the intermediate islands a most puzzling series of intergrades between the two forms, as 430 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. well as typical examples of each form occurring well within the area of predominance of the other. The question is complicated by the consideration that we are dealing here, not with a continuous land area of distribution, but with a group of islands, which condition constitutes a visible (though not insuperable) barrier to the extension of the range of a sedentary species such as the present one is believed to be. Thus, while the occurrence of individuals of typical crassirostris on Great Inagua in the breeding season could scarcely be accounted for on the assumption that they were migrants from the northern islands, it would be equally difficult to call in a like theory to explain the presence of flavescens on New Providence during the winter months. It is customary to account for the exceptional or occasional occurrence of birds outside their generally recognized geographical limits by saying that such individuals are “migrants” or ‘“‘strays,”’ but I fail to see how such an explanation could well apply in this case. In short, Vireo crassirostris flavescens is not, strictly speaking, a geographical race or subspecies, since its distribution does not coincide with any definite area as distinguished from that occupied by V. c. crasstrostris. We might suppose that this is a case of as yet imperfect subspecific segregation through individual variation, the bright- colored birds having become the more completely localized. But that these two supposed forms can be considered as anything more than color-phases of a single species is exceedingly doubtful when we remember that a precisely parallel variation obtains in at least two closely allied continental species of this genus, Vireo ochraceus and Vireo carmioli. It would be interesting to know whether the pale ‘and bright birds breed together and what is the immediate result, or whether their local habitats are different. This is a question for the field naturalist to settle. I have examined Mr. Cory’s series of Vireo alleni from Grand Cayman and Cayman Brac, eighteen specimens in all. Many of these are discolored by the preservative used, and all are in wretched plumage with the sole exception of the type, which lacks the tail. After comparing these specimens carefully with Bahaman birds I cannot verify any of the distinctive characters alleged to exist, but until better and comparable material is available I should hesitate to pronounce the two identical, as in such case the area of distribution would be divided by the island of Cuba, which is occupied by another form, Vireo gundlachit. Topp: ORNITHOLOGY OF BAHAMA ISLANDS. 431 56. Callichelidon cyaneoviridis (Bryant). Twelve specimens: Andros (Staniard Creek); Abaco (Sand Bank). 57. Mniotilta varia (Linnzus). One specimen: New Providence (Blue Hills), January 11. This example seems to be in perfectly fresh plumage, and is appar- ently an immature male, with black auriculars and streaked breast, but a pure white throat. 58. Helmitheros vermivorus (Gmelin). Two specimens: New Providence (Blue Hills); Abaco (Sand Bank), April 29. The Abaco specimen apparently represents the latest spring migra- tion date known from the Bahamas for this warbler. 59. Compsothlypis americana americana (Linnzus). One specimen: Great Inagua (Mathewtown), February 19. I refer the single specimen obtained to this subspecies with little hesitation, as it agrees best therewith in both color and measurements. 60. Dendroica tigrina (Gmelin). Fourteen specimens: New Providence (Blue Hills); Great Inagua (Alfred Sound, Mathewtown); Watlings Island; Andros (Staniard Creek), April 12, 17. According to Prof. Cooke (Bulletin Biological Survey, No. 18, 1904, 50), this species has not been recorded as wintering on New Provi- dence, or elsewhere in the Bahamas north of Rum Cay, so that the present record becomes of interest. After a careful study of this fine series of beautifully prepared specimens I find nothing to throw any light on the question of the prenuptial moult in either the young or the adult birds. In fact, not a single male specimen shows unmistakable evidence of moult. Two male examples from New Providence, December 29 and January 1, are obviously immature, agreeing closely with September birds from Pennsylvania, after due allowance has been made for the loss of the ashy feather-tips by abrasion, which leaves the under parts brighter yellow and the streaks more distinct. A third specimen (Alfred Sound, Great Inagua, February 4) is similar, except that the crown is be- coming more blackish anteriorly and the auriculars more orange brown, although I can detect no evidences of new growth, nor does an examination of an ample series of fall specimens indicate that the blackening of the crown could be due to wear alone. Three males 432 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. that I take to be adult (bearing dates of January 14, 15, and Feb- ruary 10 respectively), on the other hand, might easily be transformed into the usual spring plumage by wear and by the replacing of the yellow auriculars with orange brown—a transformation whose comple- tion is illustrated by a bird in high plumage taken on Andros April 12. The same remarks apply to the series of females, except that there is one specimen from Andros, April 17, showing a few new feathers coming in on the chin. A great deal of individual variation is manifest in this species, affecting the general intensity of coloration, extent of white on the rectrices and wing-coverts, etc. There is one female in the present series (Watlings Island, March 26) which is almost as bright as some of the immature males. 61. Dendroica petechia flaviceps Chapman. Thirteen specimens: Great Inagua (Alfred Sound, Mathewtown); Watlings Island; Andros (Staniard Creek). The present series comprises nine males and four females. Of the former there are two specimens, from Alfred Sound and Staniard Creek respectively, which differ from the others in their grayish scapulars and worn rectrices, primaries, and secondaries. The edgings of the two latter are narrower, duller, and more grayish than ordinarily, contrasting conspicuously with those of the bright and fresh tertials. Turning now to the females (all from Alfred Sound) we find a precisely similar variation and an even more accentuated difference, the two most worn specimens being the most grayish above and with the most white beneath. One specimen (No. 30750) is olive grayish above, with irregular patches of fresh brownish yellow feathers; below saffron yellow, the sides more grayish, with patches of brighter yellow; the remiges brownish, narrowly edged with olive grayish like the back, except the tertials and two of the secondaries on one wing, which are edged with bright olive green. The other dull female (No. 30779) is dull yellowish olive green above, the hindneck tinged with grayish; below, from the breast down, extensively whitish; the tertials, some of the secondaries and most of their coverts are fresh and edged with olive green. Although I hesitate to differ from so distinguished an authority as Mr. Ridgway, who moreover has had the advantage of a far greater amount of material for study in this connection, I feel convinced that the specimens above described point to a conclusion opposite to that he has reached respecting the significance of this plumage (cf. Birds of North and Middle America, Toppd: ORNITHOLOGY OF BAHAMA ISLANDS. 433 II, 1902, 516). It is only necessary to assume that the prenuptial moult is more or less incomplete, not involving the tail or wings (except the tertiaries and perhaps a few of the secondaries), and sometimes not all of the wing-coverts and body-plumage, to account for the peculiarities in question. As is often the case, the moult is less ex- tensive in the female birds, but I have examined at least one immature male (No. 21759, Cory Collection, Abaco, March 17, 1891, erroneously sexed as a female) whose appearance would suggest that such a sup- pression is not confined to that sex. The wing-formula in this species is more or less obscured in the case of worn specimens, which are difficult to distinguish from Dendroica estiva. Unfortunately I have not been able to make any extended comparisons of the present form with the Cuban bird, and the char- acters assigned for its separation do not appear to me very trenchant. 62. Dendroica cerulescens cerulescens (Gmelin). One specimen: New Providence (Blue Hills). A male in the plumage of the first winter, with no sign of moult. The amount of black on the back would indicate that it was a bird from the southern Alleghanies, assuming that cairnsi is a valid form, which in my opinion is exceedingly doubtful. 63. Dendroica coronata (Linneus). One specimen: Watlings Island, March 13, a female in worn first winter dress. 64. Dendroica dominica dominica (Linnzus). Two specimens: New Providence (Blue Hills). These two examples (both females) measure as follows: wing, 59 and 62 mm.; tail, 44 and 47.5; exposed culmen, 12 and 13. Eight females from the United States average: wing, 64; tail, 48; exposed culmen, 14. Besides being slightly smaller, they are paler, and have less black on the forehead than any individuals in a large series before me from Florida, South Carolina, and Georgia. Thinking that they might represent an undescribed'*local form, I secured the loan of the Bahaman and West Indian series of this species in the Field Museum for comparison. But after a very careful study of this material I am unable to verify this supposition. It is true that there are a few individuals whose measurements are slightly below the average and whose colors are more or less pale, but in most cases such are obviously immature birds, and I am not disposed to give these characters any 434 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. other significance. On the other hand, there are a number of speci- mens, all taken from November to January inclusive, which are slightly larger than the average, as well as more richly colored, the yellow of the throat sometimes taking on an orange hue, approaching that of the Blackburnian Warbler. These are unquestionably adult birds in fresh feather. Wear and fading affect the plumage in this species very markedly. Mr. Riley writes me that he based his listing of this species as a resident in the Bahamas on the smaller size of the “resident” birds. But, so far as I know, there is no record of its occurrence there in the summer before July, and it is known to move southward from the United States as early as this (cf. Cooke, Bulletin Biological Survey, No. 18, 1904, 84). Until specimens actually taken while breeding are forthcoming it would seem very unsafe to set it down otherwise than as a winter visitor to the islands. 65. Dendroica flavescens Todd. Four specimens: Abaco (Sand Bank, Spencer’s Point). One individual has been renewing some of the rectrices, perhaps lost by accident. There is little to add to the original account of this species ( Pro- ceedings Biological Society of Washington, XXII, 1909, 171). The type is now No. 31144 of the Carnegie Museum collection. It is certainly odd that such a distinct and peculiar form should have de- veloped on Abaco alone of all the group, and it would be interesting to know how the conditions obtaining in its local habitat differ from those in some of the other islands, Andros for example. Indeed, I anticipate its discovery on Great Bahama, if not also on Andros. Its characters would suggest that it had been derived from individuals of Dendroica dominica dominica which may have remained behind to breed. 66. Dendroica pityophila Gundlach. Thirteen specimens: Abaco (Sand Bank). This species is apparently so rare in collections that Mr. Ridgway did not have a single Bahaman specimen before him for description when writing his Birds of North and Middle America. Cuban ex- amples are also few in number, but those which I have examined and compared with the present fine series fail to show any differences which cannot be accounted for by the effects of wear. Moreover, after a critical comparison of the type series (seven skins) of Mr. Cory’s Topp: ORNITHOLOGY OF BAHAMA ISLANDS. 435 ’ “bahamensis’’ in the Field Museum collection with the Cuban birds, I fail entirely to appreciate any of the characters ascribed to the former. All his specimens are worn and faded, and unless skins in absolutely fresh plumage show decided differences the name “‘bahamensis”’ must necessarily be relegated to synonymy, despite the gap in the dis- tribution of the species. The female differs from the male in being duller, with the black streaks on the sides of the breast much less distinct, in some specimens barely indicated. 67. Dendroica vigorsii achrustera Bangs. Twenty-five specimens: New Providence (Blue Hills); Andros (Staniard Creek); Abaco (Sand Bank, Spencer’s Point). In addition to the above, I have studied the series of Bahaman Pine Warblers in several other collections, as indicated by small index- figures in the following table of measurements. Even after due allowance has been made for different degrees of wear, it will be observed that the series from Abaco averages about the same as those from the other islands, except as regards the bill, which is slightly larger. The type of Dendroica vigorsui abacoensis Ridgway (No. 108479 of the above table) proves to be an exception- ally brightly colored bird, though a few New Providence individuals in comparable plumage are fully as bright. Upon comparing the series from Abaco with an equal one from New Providence | can find no constant differences in color, but only in the size of the bill. As I do not consider that the latter difference in itself justifies subspecific separation, I judge it better not to formally recognize ‘‘abacoensis.” Specimens from Andros and Great Bahama are likewise indistinguish- able, while three examples from San Domingo, although badly worn, seem no different from Bahaman birds in the same state of plumage, except for their slightly smaller bills. The color-differences between this form and D. v. vigorsii are obvious and constant when specimens of the same age, sex, and condition of plumage are compared. Mr. Bangs had only females in first nuptial dress before him when he wrote his description, as shown by an in- spection of his series. Adult females are much brighter, nearly as bright in fact as adult males, the resemblance being much closer than in the case of the continental form. Moreover, the males vary in pre- cisely the same way, being much duller in color in first winter and first nuptial plumages than in fully adult dress. There is thus a curious 436 No. 74627! To868o! 3351” 766008 766018 305604 30613! 306274 306364 307224 J © Po WOW AAOAAMDHHAAAAAAAWH HM DONHAAAYAAAAAAAA 26004° 26005° 306144 306154 306624 31022! 310233 310434 310574 310704 311454 31154! Sy 108479} 310444 310564 31156! 25993° 25994° 25995° 14979* 25099° 25996° 26006° ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Locality. Date Wing. GNewsErovid ence?) ae ire. Se eee enn: 69 New Providence....... Apr. 10; D886... 6 69 Nassau, N. P.. Mar Os TSO7h eres 65 Nassau, N. P.. May 20, 1902..... 67.5 Nassau, N. P..... May 21, 1902..... 67 Blie wells INP lee Dec: 281008... s 69 BluevEills Ne eso. ee ankes2 LOOM eee 69 Blieseullss ING baeencr ane ie LOOOm sr. 70 Biites ull SSN epee ae Jane) O.ehOQOOe ae iae 69 Blue Hills; Ne Pe. sae. atte el Oe 1O0Ome cr 69 Nassau, N. P.. Janwer23) 0870. sce 68 Nassau iN. eines Vane 1 en Si7 One 62 Binevills) NP as ee Janes irOOOsaa. = 65 Bilveseulls Nie. see ane 22-e0O OOM er 67 BluewHillss IN. iP... 2. 2 Jian. 2-29; LOOO4e... 67 Staniard Creek, Andros Apr. 17, 1909..... 63 Staniard Creek, Andros Apr. 17, 1909..... 65 Sand Bank, Abaco.... Apr. 26, I909..... 69 Sand Bank, Abaco.... Apr. 27, 1909..... 69 Sand Bank Abaco .e.. “A'pra128,, 1000... 6 66 Spencer’s Point, Abaco May 7, 1909..... 67 Spencer’s Point, Abaco May 8, 1909..... 67 Spencer’s Point, Abaco May 8, 1909..... 70 ISDACOR Reciete sie one een arc Apr. —, 1886..... 70 sand Bank Abaco... .. “Apr. 326.1000)... 68 sand Bank,-Abaco.. 4. Apr) 27, 1000..... 67 Spencer’s Point, Abaco May §8,1909..... 68 Great Bahama. .....4.. PUNE Ow LSOM a or 65 Great? Bahama® a2. 4... June 20; 1891-. 2. 65 Great) Bahama. --2...- June 20; T8091: 2. 66 Great Bahainavcan sas July 18,——..... 67 La Vega, San Domingo July 12, 1883..... 68 La Vega, San Domingo July 10, 1883..... 63 La Vega, San Domingo July 12, 1883..... 63 Tail 53-5 5D 535 56 53 57 56 57 56 56 58 52 52 55 57 54 Bit 56 56 53 Res) 53 59 Sif 58 54 53} 53 53 59 54 53 51 48 Culmen 2, Lz 12 r2 12 12 11.5 I2 14 TGS Il TZ: I2 TLS T2 LUE nGAE 13 T2355 13 12.5 fig) 13 1345 12.5 12.5 13 I2 167 12 13 Tat II II discrepancy in this respect between the Bahaman and the continental form, in which the immature males are practically indistinguishable from the adults so far as color-characters are concerned. What is the significance of this fact? 1 Collection U. S. National Museum. 2 Collection E. A. and O. Bangs. 3’ Collection American Museum. 4 Collection Carnegie Museum. ® Collection Field Museum. Topp: ORNITHOLOGY OF BAHAMA ISLANDS. 437 68. Dendroica palmarum palmarum (Gmelin). Four specimens: New Providence (Blue Hills); Great Inagua (Al- fred Sound, Mathewtown). The two Great Inagua specimens (February 16 and 24) both show slight traces of prenuptial moult on the crown. 69. Dendroica discolor (Vieillot). Five specimens: New Providence (Blue Hills); Great Inagua (Mathewtown); Watlings Island. So far as I can discover only one of these individuals shows any trace of moult in progress; this is an immature female taken January 16, while a male dated January 4 seems to be in perfect plumage. Upon comparison none of these specimens show the characters ascribed to resident Bahaman birds by Mr. Ridgway (Birds of North and Middle America, II, 1902, 608, footnote). 70. Seiurus aurocapillus (Linnzus). One specimen: New Providence (Blue Hills). 71. Seiurus noveboracensis notabilis Ridgway. Four specimens: New Providence (Blue Hills); Great Inagua (Mathewtown); Watlings Island. Although Mr. Ridgway places all but one of the Bahaman references under true noveboracensis, the present examples prove upon com- parison referable to notabilis. 72. Geothlypis trichas trichas (Linneus). Seventeen specimens: New Providence (Blue Hills); Watlings Island; Andros (Staniard Creek); Abaco (Sand Bank). Three immature males from New Providence (January 6, 9, and 12) show the beginning of the prenuptial moult, as also does a young female from Andros (April 14). A male from Andros, which seems to be adult, shows decided feather-renewal taking place on the throat and sides of the head, while another from Abaco taken a little later (April 26) has a few new feathers cominginonthechin. Thisisscarcely to be deemed conclusive evidence of a regular prenuptial moult in the adult, however. Considerable exception has been taken in some quarters to the action of the American Ornithologists’ Union Nomenclature Com- mittee in refusing recognition to a subspecies ‘“‘brachidactyla.”’ A study of the series of Yellow-throats in the Carnegie Museum has failed to enable me to discriminate this supposed form, whose alleged char- acters seem to me very subtle indeed. The measurements of the 438 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Bahaman series, it may be added, are a little larger than the average, owing to the generally fresher condition of their plumage. 73. Geothlypis rostrata rostrata Bryant. Four specimens: New Providence (Blue Hills); Andros (Staniard Creek). As the present writer has already (Auk, XXVIII, 1911, 237-253) critically discussed the case of the large Bahaman Geothlypis, it will be necessary only to allude briefly to the conclusions reached. It seems very certain that there is only one form on any particular island, age and season being responsible for the differences which have led to the description of so many forms. In the present series only one speci- men is comparable with the type of rostrata, which is an immature bird; the others are adults (‘‘ maynardi’’). The Andros specimen agrees with other examples from that island which I have examined in being somewhat smaller and otherwise slightly different from the average New Providence bird, but the differences do not seem of sufficient importance in my judgment to justify the recognition of a subspecies ” ““exigua. 74. Geothlypis rostrata tanneri Ridgway. Eight specimens: Abaco (Spencer’s Point, Sand Bank). Two of these are birds in immature (first nuptial) dress, representing the supposed form ‘‘incompta.’’ They are markedly worn and dull, in contrast to the adults taken at the same time. 75. Setophaga ruticilla (Linnzus). One specimen: New Providence (Blue Hills), January 14. This is an unquestionable winter record, and apparently the most northern one as yet reported, although the species is common as a transient throughout the Bahamas. 76. Coereba bahamensis (Reichenbach). Fifteen specimens: New Providence (Blue Hills); Great Inagua (Mathewtown); Andros (Staniard Creek); Abaco (Spencer’s Point). A study of this series (all but four of which are adult males) con- firms Mr. Cory’s statement (Awk, VIII, 1891, 297) that Great Inagua examples have larger bills than those from the more northern Bahamas. Actual measurements in this case show an average of 17 mm. for the bill of the Great Inagua birds, and 14.6 mm. for that of the others. Moreover, the collector has taken pains to note that the bare skin of the gape in the former is ‘“‘whitish, not red, as in New Providence Topp: ORNITHOLOGY OF BAHAMA ISLANDS. 439 birds.’’ I have examined also the large series of this species in the collection of the Field Museum, which confirms in general the above observations. Specimens from the Caicos Islands constantly have longer bills than the average, while those from Great Bahama Island, at the other extremity of the group, seem to have bills shorter even than New Providence birds. I am unable to discover any other con- stant differences, however, that would justify formal subdivision of the species, particularly as the vast majority of Bahaman specimens could not be assigned to either form. An individual in full juvenal dress was taken at Spencer’s Point, Abaco, on May 5. 77. Agelaius phoeeniceus bryanti Ridgway. Eleven specimens: New Providence (Blue Hills); Andros (Stan- iard Creek); Abaco (Sand Bank, Spencer’s Point). The seven adult males included in this series have the following average measurements: wing, 116 mm.; tail, 87; culmen, 24.5. Four adult males from peninsular Florida average: wing, 116; tail, 92; culmen, 24. Neither comparison nor actual measurement discloses any appreciable average difference in the size and shape of the bill between these two series, and I fail to see how the males of floridanus and bryanti can be distinguished from each other. In the case of the females, however, the differences are sufficiently evident, and may be accepted as being of subspecific value. Bahaman females are much whiter below than those from Florida, and seldom show traces of the pinkish suffusion on the throat which is often so conspicuous a feature in the latter. This statement is based mainly on a study of the large series of this subspecies in the collection of the Field Museum, there being only two females in the present lot. Two males from Abaco are in first nuptial plumage. 78. Icterus northropi Allen. Thirteen specimens: Andros (Staniard Creek); Abaco (Sand Bank). “Tris hazel’’ (adult male). Dividing this series into four sets, according to sex and age, there are three adult males, four adult females, three immature males, three immature females—the immature birds being of course in first nuptial plumage. Two of the adult females are indistinguishable (except as regards the under tail-coverts, mentioned below) from the adult males, being fully as bright so far as I can see, while the other two 440 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MuSEuUM. are slightly duller and more worn. Inthe adult males the longer under tail-coverts are distinctly spotted with black, in the two brighter females they are indistinctly clouded with dusky, while in the rest of the series these feathers are immaculate. Turning now to the young birds, it i: evident that their peculiar mottled plumage, so well illustrated in the plate of this species (Awk, VIII, 1891, pl. I), is the result of a limited prenuptial moult, affecting the body-plumage to a greater or less extent, and frequently also some of the wing-coverts, remiges, and rectrices, as shown by the series before me. This moult averages more extensive in males than in females, the former showing more of the new black feathers above and on the throat and breast, although this replacement varies con- siderably in different individuals, no two of which are alike in this respect. I note that the single specimen from Abaco (No. 31035, immature male, April 24) is somewhat more deeply colored (more saffron yellow below and less grayish above) than the rest of the series. This bears out Mr. Cory’s remark (Auk, VIII, 1891, 350), presumably based on adult birds, but an examination of the single adult male from Abaco now in the Field Museum collection fails to confirm this statement. The nearest relative of this species seems to be Icterus prosthemelas (Strickland) of Central America, but it will be noted that in first nuptial plumage the two species are quite unlike, due to the dif- ference in the extent of the prenuptial moult. Jcterus northropi is unfortunately as yet unknown in juvenal dress, and it would certainly be interesting to learn how it compares with its allies at this more primitive stage. 79. Spindalis zena zena (Linnzus). Twelve specimens: New Providence (Blue Hills). Individual variation affects the amount of chestnut tinge on the breast, of black on the-tips of the outer rectrices, and of dark shading or streaking on the sides and flanks. One of the above specimens approaches the phase of plumage called Spindalis sena “ stejnegeri”’ in this latter respect. 80. Spindalis zena townsendi Ridgway. Ten specimens: Abaco (Sand Bank). “Tris dark hazel.’’ Although taken several months later in the season than the New Topp: ORNITHOLOGY OF BAHAMA ISLANDS. 441 Providence birds, which, if anything, would tend to obscure the characters of the present form through the wearing off of the olive feather-edgings of the back, only one of the present series of seven males approaches typical zena in this respect, so that the Abaco sub- species seems well entitled to recognition. I fail, however, to find any differences whatever between the females of the two forms. 81. Passerina cyanea (Linnzus). Great Inagua (Mathewtown, February 19); Andros (Staniard Creek, April 15); Abaco (Spencer’s Point, May 8). All three localities are new records, and the date at which the Great Inagua specimen was taken would suggest that the species was a winter resident there. At any rate, it is certainly more than “oc- casional in the Bahamas in migration”’ (A. O. U. Check- List, ed. 3, 1910, 285). The Andros specimen is a young male which, although taken at a date when the species has already reached the Middle States on its northward migration, has only about half completed the prenuptial moult. 82, Pyrrhulagra violacea violacea (Linnzus). Fifteen specimens: New Providence (Blue Hills); Great Inagua (Alfred Sound, Mathewtown); Andros (Staniard Creek); Abaco (Spencer’s Point). Two adult males from Great Inagua are somewhat smaller than the rest of the series, verging thus toward P. v. affinis (Baird) from the neighboring island of Haiti, but I can see no color-differences. Abaco birds are not distinguishable in any way from New Providence ex- amples. The small specimen from Abaco referred to by Mr. Bonhote (Ibis, 1903, 289), which he has courteously forwarded to me for ex- amination, is, it is true, rather smaller than the average, the bill especially, but is matched very closely by some of the series before me, so that the fact would seem to have no special significance. A female in first winter dress (30639, Blue Hills, January 6) differs from a male in the same stage (30570, Blue Hills, December 28), not only in its smaller size, but in being decidedly more olivaceous, less grayish, especially below, and in the paleness and restriction of the rufous areas. The young male seems to have recently acquired fresh rectrices (except the middle pair) and outer primaries, judging from their darker color and unworn condition. In the character and extent of the moult this species thus resembles Passerina cyanea, 442 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 83. Tiaris bicolor bicolor (Linnzus). Thirteen specimens: New Providence (Blue Hills); Great Inagua (Alfred Sound, Mathewtown); Watlings Island; Andros (Staniard Creek); Abaco (Spencer’s Point). I judge that the individuals with most black below are the older birds, the lighter-colored ones being most probably in first winter or first nuptial dress, as the case may be. 84. Passerculus sandwichensis savanna (Wilson). Two specimens: New Providence (Blue Hills); Andros (Staniard Creek), April 13. FieLp NOTEs. By W. W. WorRTHINGTON. In the following list such of the locality records as are new for the several species are designated by an asterisk. 1. Colymbus dominicus dominicus Linneus. West INDIAN GREBE. *Great Inagua, *Acklin Island, Watlings Island. A female taken at Mathewtown February 23 was apparently brood- ing, as shown by a large denuded patch on the abdomen, and ruptured capsules in the ovary. Fully grown young were taken on Watlings Island March 12. 2. Podilymbus podiceps (Linneus). PIED-BILLED GREBE. *Great Inagua. Common at Horse Pond, a large wooded swamp near Mathewtown, where downy young were taken February 20 and 22. 3. Puffinus lherminieri Lesson. ANTILLEAN SHEARWATER. North end Exuma Sound (January 25, April 8), *Long Island (15 miles east, January 29), off *Castle Island (February 1), off *Great Inagua (March 2), south of *Watlings Island (March Io). This species was noted only at sea during trips from island to island, as above. 4. Phaéthon americanus Ogilvie-Grant. YELLOW-BILLED TROPIC- BIRD. Abaco. A few were seen sailing high in the air off Cheroki Sound, April 21. 5. Sula deucogastra (Boddaert). Boosy. Noted only at sea in Exuma Sound and between *Long Island and Fortune Island, also south of *Castle Island (February 1). WORTHINGTON: ORNITHOLOGY OF BAHAMA ISLANDS. 443 6. Phalacrocorax vigua mexicanus (Brandt). Mrx1CAN CORMORANT. Watlings Island, (? Cat Island). Common at the lake on Watlings Island, where there was an aban- doned rookery, which we visited on March 16. The nests were built in the fringe of mangrove on the east side of the lake near the light- house, and were made of sticks, and covered with excrement. As they were as a rule at an elevation of but six or ten feet they were readily examined, and many were found to contain dead young, about half-grown, in various stages of decomposition. No reason could be assigned for this mortality. 7. Pelecanus occidentalis Linneus. Brown PELICAN. *Great Inagua, Andros. Apparently not common. AA single individual landed on the beach near the lighthouse at Mathewtown, February 25, but I was unable to get within gunshot. 8. Fregata aquila Linnzeus. MAN-0’-WAR-BIRD. *Ship Channel Cay (January 24), Cat Island (Long Rock, January 25, The Bight, January 26, off Port Howe, April 7), Great Inagua, *Acklin Island, Watlings Island, Abaco. 4 Usually observed sailing high in the air, but on one occasion a number were seen doing the ‘‘dipping act’’ at Calefavor Pond, Great Inagua, where a single specimen was secured February It. g. Pheenicopterus ruber Linneus. AMERICAN FLAMINGO. Great Inagua, Abaco. | On February 5 a trip was made to Calefavor Pond, some six or seven miles to the southeast of Mr. Boucher’s camp at the head of Alfred Sound, in search of Flamingoes, the locality being a noted feeding- ground. The birds were said to frequent two large bunches of man- grove in the center of the pond, but although tracks were seen, and some feathers picked up, only a single Flamingo was observed, circling high overhead, his brilliant plumage flashing in the bright sunlight. That the birds had recently been using this series of flats and shallows as a feeding-ground, however, was amply attested by their numerous “‘feeding-rings’’—circular marks about the size of a wagon-wheel, formed by the birds, while in search of their favorite food (a small snail), standing in one place in the shallow water and stirring up the bottom in a circle as far as they can reach. These rings show very plainly after the water has dried up, and the dry flats and shallows 444 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. for miles around were completely covered with them. We were told that Flamingoes were found dead in hundreds afttr the hurricane of October, 1908. The only specimen secured was taken February 20, near Mathewtown. At Abaco the negroes were offering for sale wings and other parts of the plumage of recently killed Flamingoes, while we were informed that they are found on Acklin Island also. 10. Ardea herodias herodias Linneu’. Great BLUE HERON. New Providence, Great Inagua, *Acklin Island, *Watlings Island, * Abaco. Not common, and exceedingly wary, as they are shot for food at every opportunity. Mr. Boucher informed us that they are very destructive to the young green and hawk-billed turtles in his turtle- rearing lagoons, devouring them as soon as hatched. 11. Dichromanassa rufescens (Gmelin). REDDISH EGRET. *Great Inagua, *Watlings Island. : Rather common at Calefavor Pond, Great Inagua, where a colony was breeding in a small clump of mangroves, the nests containing good-sized young at the time of our visit (February 5). While both phases were represented, white birds predominated. I am of the opinion that many of the Bahaman records of the American Egret really apply to the present species in the white phase. The species was once recorded on Watlings Island, March 16. 12. MHydranassa tricolor ruficollis (Gosse). LLoUISIANA HERON. *Great Inagua, Watlings Island. Noted at Calefavor Pond, February 5, Alfred Sound February 11, and on Watlings Island March 11. On February 17, while en route from Alfred Sound to Mathewtown, a Louisiana Heron came in past us from the open sea, acting as if much fatigued, but finally making the shore, a mile distant. As the nearest land in the direction from which it came is Acklin Island, it had apparently made the flight of seventy-five miles. 13. Florida cerulea (Linneus). LITTLE BLUE HERON. *Watlings Island, Andros. Not common, and, together with the last species, everywhere hunted for food by the inhabitants. 14. Butorides virescens bahamensis (Brewster). BAHAMA GREEN HERON. New Providence, Great Inagua, Watlings Island, Andros, Abaco. WoRTHINGTON: ORNITHOLOGY OF BAHAMA ISLANDS. 445 Quite common throughout the islands, frequenting the edges of shallow lagoons and the adjoining mangrove thickets. 15. Nycticorax nycticorax nevius (Boddaert). BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT HERON. *Great Inagua. Young birds in the streaked plumage were taken at Calefavor Pond on February 5 and 8, where this species was associated with the following. 16. Nyctanassa violacea (Linneus). YELLOW-CROWNED NIGHT HERON. Great Inagua, *Acklin Island, Watlings Island, Andros, Abaco. Common throughout the Bahamas, according to our experience, A young bird was secured at Calefavor Pond on February 5, where this species was quite numerous, while an adult was shot on Watlings Island March 19. 17. Plegadis autumnalis (Linneus). GtLossy IBIs. A single individual of this species was seen at Calefavor Pond, *Great Inagua. -18. Ajaia ajaja (Linneus). ROSEATE SPOONBILL. Great Inagua. A small colony of perhaps a half-dozen pairs were nesting in the mangroves at Calefavor Pond. The nests were built of sticks, about ten or twelve feet above the water, and at the time of our visit (Febru- ary 8) contained either young or eggs in an advanced state of incu- bation. 19. Erismatura jamaicensis (Gmelin). Ruppy Duck. *Watlings Island. One was seen on the lake March 15. 20. Marila marila (Linneus). GREATER SCAUP DUCK. Watlings Island. A few were noted on the lake March 15. 21. Peecilonetta bahamensis (Linneus). BAHAMA DUCK. Great Inagua, *Acklin Island, *Watlings Island. This duck was noted only in small ponds in out-of-the-way places, being a bird of very retiring habits, and hunted persistently for food. Two adults and one young bird were shot on Watlings Island, March 12 and 23. 446 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MuSEUM 22. Dendrocygna arborea (Linneus). ANTILLEAN TREE DUCK. Great Inagua, *Watlings Island. Not uncommon, but exceedingly shy and retiring, as it is so per- sistently hunted for food. A deserted nest was found February 20 at Horse Pond, near Mathewtown. It was built between the roots of an upturned tree in the middle of the swamp, where the water was about two and one-half feet deep, and composed of a few sticks and dry leaves, with some traces of the original downy lining. It con- tained four addled eggs, white in color, but much soiled, two of which showed signs of incubation. Their shells were exceedingly hard and tough. Glimpses of an old Tree Duck were had, but it was too shy to permit approach within gunshot. 23. Colinus virginianus floridanus (Coues). FLORIDA BOB-WHITE. New Providence. Not uncommon in the pine barrens back of the Blue Hills, but much oftener heard than seen. The nature of the ground makes it very difficult to secure them, even with dogs, as rapid walking is out of the question, except along the roads. The specimens which were made up as skins were brought to us alive by Mr. Charles Lightbourne. 24. Rallus crepitans coryi (Maynard). BAHAMA CLAPPER RAIL. *Great Inagua, *Watlings Island, Andros, Abaco. This is a common species throughout the Bahamas, wherever mangrove swamps adapted to its needs occur. Here the birds may be heard calling every day, but it is seldom that a glimpse is had of them, so closely do they keep themselves concealed in the dense and tangled growth. Although numerous on Great Inagua, all our efforts to secure specimens there proved fruitless, and not until we reached Watlings Island were we successful. Here we found one small lagoon, bordered by a thick but low growth of mangrove shoots, where, as shown by their tracks, they evidently came out to feed. We built blinds, and spent many hours in waiting, but were rewarded by securing a series of seven specimens. ‘Two more were taken later at other localities, but merely by chance. In the oviduct of a female shot March 22 there was an egg ready for deposit. Its ground-color was light clay, rather sparingly spotted and speckled with dull reddish brown and obscure lilac shell-markings, the ground-color exactly matching some eggs of the Wayne Clapper Rail from Florida. It measured 1.72 by 1.19 in. WORTHINGTON: ORNITHOLOGY OF BAHAMA ISLANDS. 447 25. Porzana carolina (Linneus). Sora RAIL, *Great Inagua, *Watlings Island. Not uncommon as a winter visitor in certain suitable situations. Two were secured near Mathewtown February 19, 26. Gallinula galeata galeata (Lichtenstein). FLoRmpA GALLINULE, Great Inagua, *Watlings Island. Rather common at Horse Pond, near Mathewtown, where a set of seven eggs, in an advanced stage of incubation, was taken on February 22. The nest was composed of dried pond-grasses and weeds, and was built in a cluster of young shoots in the top of a stump, a foot or more above the water, and at some distance from the shore. Such a situation, like that of the Tree Duck previously mentioned, was evidently more from necessity than from choice. 27. Fulica americana Gmelin. AMERICAN Coot. *Great Inagua. A few were seen at Horse Pond, near Mathewtown, but they were very shy indeed. 28. Larus atricilla Linneus. LAUGHING GULL. *Cat Island (The Bight, January 26, Port Howe, April 6), Watlings Island, Abaco (Spencer’s Point, May 3). At a house on Watlings Island there was a tame bird of this species, which had been reared from a nestling. It was said to eat bread and table scraps readily, and walked around as unconcerned as the chickens with which it associated. 29. Sterna maxima Boddaert. Roya TERN. New Providence, *Fortune Island, Great Inagua, *Acklin Island, *Cat Island, Abaco. Rather sparingly distributed throughout the islands in the winter. 30. Sterna fuscata Linneus. Sooty TERN. Abaco and at sea. Large flocks of Sooty Terns were seen far from land in ‘‘ Tongue of Ocean”’ on our voyage from Nassau to Andros on April 11. 31. Himantopus mexicanus (Miiller). BLACK-NECKED STILT. Watlings Island, Andros. A small flock visited Staniard Creek, Andros, about the middle of April. 32. Gallinago delicata (Ord). WILSON SNIPE. New Providence, *Great Inagua, *Watlings Island. 448 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Found sparingly at certain suitable localities. 33. Macrorhamphus griseus griseus (Gmelin). RED-BREASTED SNIPE. *Great Inagua. A single individual was noted at Alfred Sound February 10. 34. Pisobia minutilla (Vieillot). LEAST SANDPIPER. New Providence, Great Inagua, *Acklin Island, *Watlings Island, Abaco. Sparingly distributed as a winter resident, and usually found associated with other species of shore-birds. 35. Pelidna alpina sakhalina (Vieillot). RED-BACKED SANDPIPER. *Great Inagua. A flock of this species was seen February 3, during the course of a sail from Mathewtown to Alfred Sound. 36. Ereunetes pusillus (Linnaeus). SEMIPALMATED SANDPIPER. Great Inagua, *Andros. A flock of this species was observed February 3 near Middle Point, Great Inagua, and a single bird was noted at Staniard Creek, Andros, April 12. 37. Calidris leucophza (Pallas). SANDERLING. *Fortune Island, *Watlings Island. A party of three passed close by the mail schooner as we lay at anchor off the south end of Fortune Island February 1, and another party of four, in company with an equal number of Turnstones, were seen close to the Columbus Monument on Watlings Island, March 15. 38. Totanus melanoleucus (Gmelin). GREATER YELLOW-LEGS. *Watlings Island, Andros. Not common. Two were flushed from a mangrove lagoon on Wat- lings Island, March 23, and a single individual was noted on Andros, April 12. 39. Totanus flavipes (Gmelin). YELLOW-LEGs. Watlings Island. This species was noted in a mangrove lagoon on March 22 and 23, on the latter date in company with the Greater Yellow-legs. 40. Helodromas solitarius solitarius (Wilson). SOLITARY SAND- PIPER. *Great Inagua. WORTHINGTON: ORNITHOLOGY OF BAHAMA ISLANDS. 449 The Solitary Sandpiper was seen on several occasions at Horse Pond, Inagua, where a single bird was taken February 22. 41. Actitis macularia (Linneus). SpoTrep SANDPIPER. New Providence, *Great Inagua, *Abaco. Not common. The last was noted at Sand Bank, Abaco, April 28. 2. Squatarola squatarola (Linneus). BLACK-BELLIED PLOVER. New Providence, *Great Inagua, *Acklin Island, *Watlings Island, * Abaco. Quite evenly distributed as a winter resident throughout the islands, but not common. As arule it was found in small parties on the ocean beach. 43. Oxyechus vociferus vociferus (Linneus). KILLDEER. New Providence, *Cat Island (January 26), *Rum Cay (January 28), *Long Island (Clarence Town, January 30), Acklin Island, Watlings Island. A common and generally distributed winter resident throughout the Bahamas. 44. Oxyechus vociferus rubidus Riley. West INDIAN KILLDEER, Great Inagua. Quite common near Mathewtown, where a single individual was secured February 23. 45. gialitis semipalmata (Bonaparte). SEMIPALMATED PLOVER, Great Inagua, *Watlings Island, Abaco. A winter resident, but not common. The latest record was from Sand Bank, Abaco, April 28. 46. Octhodromus wilsonius wilsonius (Ord). WILSON PLOVER. *Watlings Island, Andros. A party of three individuals was seen on the ocean beach at the north end of Watlings Island March 26, all of which were secured. Two were noted here previously, on March 14. 47. Arenaria interpres morinella (Linneus). TURNSTONE. New Providence (January 17), Great Inagua (Mathewtown, February 12 and 25), Watlings Island (March 15). Not common, the above being the only records. [—. Hematopus palliatus (Temminck). AMERICAN OySTER- CATCHER. *Watlings Island. 450 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Although the birds themselves were not actually seen, tracks which were unmistakably made by this species were observed March 27 on the ocean beach, plainly moulded in the sand, and obviously made since the previous high tide. —. Jacana spinosa (Linneus). MEXICAN JACANA. According to Mr. D. J. Sweeting (one of Mr. Cory’s old collectors), a Mexican Jacana was killed near *Mathewtown a few years ago. Mr. Sweeting saw and tried to purchase the specimen, but the prize was secured instead by the captain of some vessel, by whom it was carried off.] 48. Columba leucocephala Linneus. WHITE-CROWNED PIGEON. New Providence, *Acklin Island, Abaco. Only scattering individuals were seen during our stay, and I was informed that it was their habit to spread all over the various islands except during the breeding season, when they congregate in immense nesting colonies on the smaller and more isolated outer cays. Two females taken at Sand Bank, Abaco, April 24 and 27, showed no en- largement of the ovaries. 49. Zenaida zenaida (Bonaparte). ZENAIDA DOVE. Great Inagua, *Acklin Island, Watlings Island, Andros, Abaco. The Zenaida Dove is rather common and generally distributed, but is exceedingly shy, being hunted and trapped so persistently for food. It is, indeed, excellent eating. On Watlings Island we ‘ saw the birds caught in the common “cob-house”’ figure-four traps, and on several occasions they were brought in and offered for sale. 50. Chamepelia passerina bahamensis (Maynard). BAHAMA GROUND DOVE. New Providence, Cat Island (The Bight, January 26, Port Howe, April 6), Watlings Island, Andros, Abaco. Abundant throughout the islands, frequenting fields and open places in general, roadsides and edges of woods or coppet. On account of its small size it is little persecuted, and in consequence is tame and unsuspicious. 51. Chaemepelia passerina exigua (Riley), Mona GrounpD Dove, *Great Inagua. Abundant on Great Inagua, where a series of ten specimens was secured. The same remarks apply to this form as to the last. WORTHINGTON: ORNITHOLOGY OF BAHAMA ISLANDS. 451 52. Cathartes aura aura (Linneus). TURKEY BUZZARD. Andros, Abaco. Only a very few seen. [This reference is placed provisionally under true aura, pending the examination of Bahaman specimens.—W. E. C. T.] 53. Pandion haliaétus ridgwayi Maynard. BAHAMA OspREy. *Cat Island (The Bight, January 26), Great Inagua, Acklin Island, *Fortune Island (March 9), *Abaco. Mr. Boucher informed me that this species, as well as the Great Blue Heron, was very destructive to the young green and hawk-billed turtles on Great Inagua, and that accordingly it was shot at every opportunity. On April 26, at Sand Bank, Abaco, an Osprey was seen flying over whose head appeared to contain dark markings, similar to the northern form. [Mr. Riley writes me that since his ‘‘List of Bahama Birds” was published he has seen the type of Pandion ridgwayi Maynard, and that it is apparently a good form.—W. E. C. T.] 54. Falco peregrinus anatum Bonaparte. Duck HAwkK. Watlings Island. On one occasion a Duck Hawk was seen pursuing a duck in the lake. 55. Falco columbarius columbarius Linneus. PIGEON HAWK. New Providence, Watlings Island, Andros. Not common. One taken on New Providence January 7 had just been in pursuit of a flock of Bob-whites. 56. Falco sparverius sparverius Linneus. AMERICAN SPARROW- HAWK. New Providence, *Great Inagua, *Acklin Island, *Andros. Not common. [The subspecific identification is doubtful—W. E. C. T.] 57. Accipiter velox (Wilson). SHARP-SHINNED HAWK. *Great Inagua (Mathewtown, February 22), *Acklin Island. 58. Amazona leucocephala bahamensis (Bryant). BAHAMA PARROT. Great Inagua, Acklin Island. Although we did not ourselves meet with parrots on Great Inagua they are nevertheless common there, especially in the northeast portion of the island. We saw caged birds which had been taken there, and talked with certain parties who had seen parrots in a wild state the day before the conversation. The birds do much damage 452 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. in the cornfields, tearing away the husks and often eating as much as half of the ear. Concerning our experience with parrots on Acklin Island I can do no better than quote from my note-book, under date of March 4. ‘‘We turned out at daybreak, and after breakfast joined the guide whom we had engaged the night before, and started into the parrot country, back from ‘Gold Rock’ settlement. We saw corn destroyed by parrots about five miles south of Spring Point, but no birds were heard or seen. We meta resident of Pompey Bay, however, who had seen a flock the previous evening, so we dismissed our first guide and proceeded with the new one, going still farther south over very rough country until about two o’clock, when we reached the point where they were seen the previous evening. It is their habit to remain quiet through the heat of the day, coming out of cover to feed in the morning and evening, when their noisy chat- tering is sure to betray their presence, so we sat down to await their appearance. We had rested perhaps an hour thus, when some par- rots were heard in the distance. Slipping up on them, we finally caught sight of one bird, which was shot, while two others we had not seen, but which were feeding in the same ‘synagogue bush,’ only about ten feet from the ground, flew off, one of them badly wounded, but it did not fall in sight, and was not found. Again we sat down, and in about fifteen or twenty minutes another bird was heard, approached within range, and secured. Although we remained in the vicinity until nearly sunset, shifting our station from time to time, no others were heard or seen, so we started for Pompey Bay, where we intended to pass the night. We had gone scarcely a mile on our way when two parrots flushed wildly with a loud chattering, but although we followed them for some dis- tance they would not permit us to approach within one hundred yards. As night was close at hand we retraced our way to the ‘road’ and resumed our journey to Pompey Bay, where we arrived after dark in a somewhat fagged-out condition. ‘“March 5. We were up at daylight, and after a hasty breakfast, and having engaged our guide to try to get some more parrots for us, we started on the return journey, finally arriving at our headquarters at ten o'clock, with blistered feet, and otherwise exhausted.’ That evening our guide sent us two parrots which he had shot for us, and as we were leaving the island just at sunset on March 8, the last skiff to come off to the schooner brought us two more which our first guide WORTHINGTON: ORNITHOLOGY OF BAHAMA ISLANDS. 453 had succeeded in getting. We were told that had we landed at Pom- pey Bay and hunted from that point southward our chances for ob- taining a larger number would have been much better, with much less of the hard traveling, of which one who has never been across country in the Bahamas cannot realize what even a few miles means. 59. Crotophaga ani Linneus. ANI. New Providence, *Acklin Island, Watlings Island, Andros, Abaco. Not uncommon, and generally distributed. 60. Saurothera bahamensis bahamensis Bryant. Nassau LIZARD Cuckoo. New Providence. Not uncommon in the high coppet or thicket, but, for so large a bird, very difficult to obtain, or even observe. Uttering its call only at quite long intervals, and with every facility for keeping well con- cealed, it is much more numerous than would at first be supposed. We were fortunate in securing six specimens, none of them very far from our bungalow in the Blue Hills. 61. Saurothera bahamensis andria Miller. ANDRos LizARD CUCKOO. Andros. Much less common than the New Providence bird, and its call more seldom uttered. Only one was taken, in dense thicket back of Staniard Creek. Others were heard, but it proved impossible to get within sight. 62. Coccyzus minor maynardi Ridgway. MaAyNARD CUCKOO. Great Inagua, *Acklin Island, Watlings Island, *Abaco. Our first specimen was taken February 19, in thick, low coppet just outside of Mathewtown. It was not uncommon on Watlings Island, and five specimens were taken at Spencer’s Point, Abaco, early in May. Inhabiting as it does the thickest coppet, it would seldom be found were it not for its betraying notes. 63. Ceryle alcyon (Linneus). BELTED KINGFISHER. *Great Inagua, *Acklin Island, *Watlings Island. Not common. 64. Dryobates villosus maynardi Ridgway. BaHnAmA Harry Woop- PECKER. New Providence. Not uncommon on this island, but not found outside of the pine barrens so far as our observations went. 454 ANNALS OF.THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 65. Dryobates villosus piger Allen. ABACO HAIRY WOODPECKER. Abaco. A single female was taken April 26, in the pine barren at Sand Bank. 66. Sphyrapicus varius varius (Linneus). YELLOW-BELLIED Woop- PECKER. New Providence, Great Inagua, *Watlings Island. A winter resident, but not common. The borings, so prominent in the trees about the landing at Cockburn Town, Watlings Island, which at first we supposed had been made by the following species, we now attribute to the present one. 67. Centurus nyeanus nyeanus Ridgway. NyE WOODPECKER. Watlings Island. Our main purpose in visiting Watlings Island was to secure if possible a few specimens of this rare or ‘‘apparently extinct’’ wood- pecker. A fine series of nine skins was obtained, six males and three females, and as our explorations covered only about one-third of the island there are undoubtedly plenty of them left for propagation. Indeed, we were told by some of the natives that they were plentiful on a certain part of the island that we did not visit, but such state- ments are, of course, not to be depended upon. There is no doubt, however, but that the birds are sparingly distributed throughout the entire wooded portion of the island. They keep in or near the very thickest coppet or shrubbery, carrying on their search for food leisurely in the larger of the low trees and the scattering palmettoes. The contents of such of their stomachs as were examined consisted mainly of tree-boring grubs and ants. Their note is a peculiar tree- toad-like croak, similar to that of the Red-bellied Woodpecker. Our first specimen was taken March 12, in thick coppet back of Victoria Hill settlement in the northwest part of the island, and later on others were taken in the same general region, as well as elsewhere. On one occasion a male bird was detected directly overhead in thick coppet in bottom-land. Upon backing off in order to shoot the bird kept following, as if impelled by curiosity, and it was with some difficulty that the proper shooting distance was attained. Other individuals met with were similarly fearless. The females taken showed little or no signs of breeding. 68. Centurus nyeanus blakei Ridgway. ABACO WOODPECKER. Abaco. WORTHINGTON: ORNITHOLOGY OF BAHAMA ISLANDS. 455 A series of eight specimens were secured, two at Sand Bank and six at Spencer’s Point. The first specimen was taken April 26, feeding in a sapodilla tree in a fruit-orchard, near the water-front. At Spencer’s Point their chief attraction seemed to be the telegraph poles along the railroad line into the timber, and it is likely that they mistook the significance of the humming of the wires. They were apparently mated, as in each instance a pair were observed together. 69. Chordeiles virginianus vicinus Riley. BAaHamMa NIGHTHAWK. Andros, Abaco. A single bird seen high in the air at Staniard Creek April 15, and another at Spencer’s Point May 5, were the only ones noted. 70. Nesophlox evelyne (Bourcier). BAHAMA Woop-sTAr. New Providence, Acklin Island, Watlings Island, Cat Island (Port Howe, April 6), Andros, Abaco. Common throughout the northern islands, but strange to say not detected at Spencer’s Point. A nest of this species found on Green Turtle Cay, April 23, was saddled on a horizontal branch of a wild fig tree in a dooryard of the village, twelve feet from the ground. It was partly supported on one side by a smaller branch, and was composed of white cotton-fiber, the outside covered with small pieces of dry plant-bark and bits of dead leaves. It measured one and three- fourths inches wide by one and one-half inches high, with a cavity three-fourths of an inch wide and deep. It contained two pure white eggs, far advanced in incubation. The female was seen on the nest. 71. Nesophlox lyrura (Gould). INAGUA Woop-sTAr. Great Inagua. Abundant, and noted at every locality we visited. In the vicinity of Mathewtown it was partial to the blossoms of a species of agave, and was quite tame and fearless. Mr. Mortimer, with whom we lodged, brought us one he had killed with a switch. 72. Riccordia ricordii gneoviridis Palmer and Riley. ABaco HUMMINGBIRD. Andros, Abaco. A few were seen and three were taken at Staniard Creek, Andros. It was more common on Abaco, although by no means numerous. Some tall sisal plants in full bloom were a special attraction for this species at Sand Bank on the latter island. 456 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 73. Tyrannus dominicensis dominicensis (Gmelin). GRAy KING- BIRD. Watlings Island, Andros, Abaco. One of the few conspicuous land-birds of the Bahamas, always perching on some prominent dead branch and carrying on business strictly in the open. It is a summer resident only, and the first was seen March 27 on Watlings Island. It was noted at Staniard Creek, Andros, April 12, and had become common on Abaco by the first week in May. 74. Tolmarchus bahamensis (Bryant). BAHAMA PETCHARY. New Providence, Andros. Quite common in the pine barrens back of the Blue Hills, but not noted elsewhere except at Staniard Creek, Andros, where, however, it is not numerous. It is very tame and unsuspicious, sitting sedately on some dead branch or stub, and sallying forth at intervals to snap up a passing insect. This and the next species are called ‘‘Tom-fool”’ by the colored inhabitants. 75. Myiarchus sagre lucaysiensis (Bryant), BAHAMA CRESTED FLYCATCHER. New Providence, Great Inagua, Acklin Island, Andros, Abaco. Moderately common and of general distribution throughout the Bahamas. It prefers the cooler shade of the more secluded thickets, and is seldom seen in the open. 76. Blacius bahamensis (Bryant). BAHAMA Woop PEWEE. New Providence, Andros, Abaco. Not uncommon, frequenting thickets and edges of pine barrens. 77. Mimus polyglottos polyglottos (Linnaeus). MOCKINGBIRD. *Long Island, Andros, Abaco. The Mockingbird was common at Clarence Town, Long Island, January 30. A single pair were seen at Staniard Creek, Andros, but they were so very shy that they could not be approached within gunshot, despite the most cautious stalking. A few were seen on Green Turtle Cay, April 23, and we managed to secure a single speci- men at Spencer’s Point on May 3. 78. Mimus polyglottos orpheus (Linneus). ANTILLEAN MOCKING- BIRD. Great Inagua. Abundant, especially in the vicinity of Mathewtown, where they WORTHINGTON: ORNITHOLOGY OF BAHAMA ISLANDS. 457 must breed very early, as fully grown young in the spotted plumage were taken on February 24. 79. Mimus gundlachii gundlachii Cabanis. GUNDLACH MOCKING- BIRD. New Providence, Great Inagua, *Acklin Island, Watlings Island, Cat Island (Port Howe, April 6), Andros. Quite common, but shy and retiring in its habits, keeping itself well concealed in the thick coppet, except when singing, when it mounts to some more elevated perch, whence it darts quickly back to cover at the least alarm. 80. Dumetella carolinensis (Linnzus). CATBIRD. New Providence, Great Inagua, Watlings Island, Andros, Abaco. Nowhere very common, but apparently of general distribution as a winter resident, and tame and familiar as in its summer haunts. 81. Margarops fuscatus fuscatus (Vieillot). PEARLY-EYED THRASHER. Rum Cay, Great Inagua, Watlings Island. The first individual was seen at Rum Cay, January 28, unconcern- edly seeking food in a yard in the village of Port Nelson. It was very common on both Great Inagua and Watlings Island, but in habits was rather shy and retiring, keeping out of sght in low coppet and the edges of mangrove swamps. A little ‘“‘squeaking,’’ however, would usually bring the bird out for a glance at the intruder, two or three being often in sight at once. Much of their time is spent on the ground, scratching about among the dry leaves in search of food, after the manner of the Towhee. The species is called ‘“‘ Paw-paw bird,” ‘‘Thrasher,’’ or ‘‘Jack”’ by the natives. 82. Mimocichla plumbea (Linnzus). BAHAMA THRUSH. New Providence, Abaco. This handsome species is much more common than it is conspicuous. Keeping as it does in the deepest portions of the shadiest thickets, and flitting silently out of sight at the least intrusion, it is very difficult indeed to observe. We discovered that the birds were in the habit of coming out into the open more frequently at dusk, when most birds were retiring for the night, feeding along the paths and edges of clearings. 83. Polioptila czrulea czrulea (Linneus). BLUE-GRAY GwNAT- CATCHER. New Providence, Great Inagua, *Acklin Island, Andros, Abaco. 458 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Common throughout the Bahamas, seeming to prefer the pine barrens in the northern islands, but equally at home in the more open coppet on Inagua and Watlings Island. A nest was built within thirty feet of our palmetto shack at Sand Bank, Abaco, during the last week in April. It was placed in the upright fork of a mango tree, eighteen feet from the ground, surrounded by smaller branches, but little supported by them. Cotton, dry leaves, and strips of plant-fiber were the materials used in its composition, the lining being pale dun- colored plant-down. There was but slight attempt at outside deco- ration—merely a few bits of dead leaves and lichens stuck on, in striking contrast to the usual elaborately finished structure of this species in the Eastern States. It measured as follows: diameter, outside, two and three-eighths inches, inside, one and one-half inches; depth, outside, two inches, inside, one and one-eighthinches. It was finished ready for the eggs, and then for some unknown reason abandoned. 84. Vireosylva calidris barbatula (Cabanis). BLACK-WHISKERED VIREO. Andros, Abaco. A summer resident, first noted April 13 at Staniard Creek, Andros. A few were found at Sand Bank the latter part of April, and it was common at Spencer’s Point by May. In habits it is very similar to the Red-eyed Vireo. 85. Vireo griseus griseus (Boddaert). WHITE-EYED VIREO. A male bird of this species was taken at Staniard Creek, *Andros, on April 14, this being the first record for the Bahamas. 86. Vireo crassirostris crassirostris (Bryant). THICK-BILLED VIREO. New Providence, Great Inagua, *Acklin Island, *Watlings Island, Andros, Abaco. Very common and generally distributed throughout the various islands. It occurs as an inhabitant of almost every thicket, where it may be observed in leisurely pursuit of food, and uttering its song at regular intervals throughout the day. 87. Progne subis subis (Linneus). PuRPLE MartTIN. Miss Lightbourne of the * Blue Hills showed us an adult male mounted bird of this species, which she had captured alive in her villa during the winter of 1899-1900. The bird came into a vacant room to roost for several nights, and she contrived to catch him and put him ina cage, but he died during the first night of captivity, and she had him oF =, WORTHINGTON: ORNITHOLOGY OF BAHAMA ISLANDS. 459 mounted by a local taxidermist. She informed me that he was apparently perfectly well and in good condition when captured. This is the first Bahaman record for this species. 88. Hirundo erythrogastra Boddaert. BARN SWALLow. *Abaco. Four individuals noted at Spencer’s Point May 4, bound northward, were the only ones seen. 89. Callichelidon cyaneoviridis (Bryant). BAHAMA SWALLow. New Providence, *Great Inagua, Andros, Abaco. A few were seen on the south shore of New Providence and near Nassau in January. With the exception of a single bird observed at Alfred Sound, Great Inagua, February 3, it was not again recorded until our return to Nassau on April 10. Our first specimens were secured at Staniard Creek, Andros, April 14, on which occasion the birds appeared in numbers towards evening after a shower, circling around the settlement near the houses, and exhibiting no shyness whatever. Our experience on Abaco a little later on was much the same. The birds would seem to lay up during the heat of the day, coming out at sunset and in cloudy weather to feed, appearing in dozens at certain favorable places, and remaining in evidence until dusk. On one occasion (Aprii 24) one was seen to gather a mouthful of seaweed and fly out of sight directly inland, towards the pine barren. Two days later, following up this clue, we discovered their breeding haunts. The nests were built in cavities (after the manner of the Tree Swallow), in very tall dead pines, fifty or more feet from the ground, and were utterly inaccessible, as the trees were unsafe to climb. The birds were seen leaving and in the vicinity of the holes. At Spencer’s Point Bahama Swallows frequented the log boom of the Bahama Lumber Company, feeding around the wharf and log piles daily, and so tame that on one occasion I was able to knock two of them down with a stick a few feet long. go. Riparia riparia (Linneus). BANK SWALLow. * Abaco. On May 10, while at the lumber dock at Spencer’s Point, just before leaving for Nassau, I saw two swallows which flew differently from the Bahama species, and waiting until they came closer I found that they were Bank Swallows. The grayish brown back, dark breast- band, short square tail, and quick jerky flight were unmistakable. This is the first Bahaman record for the species. 460 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. oi. Mniotilta varia (Linneus). BLACK-AND-WHITE WARBLER. New Providence, *Great Inagua, Watlings Island, Andros, Abaco. Not uncommon as a winter resident throughout the islands. It was noted at Spencer’s Point, Abaco, as late as May 6. 92. Helmitheros vermivorus (Gmelin). WORM-EATING WARBLER. New Providence, Great Inagua, *Abaco. A winter resident, but not common. The latest record was for Sand Bank, Abaco, April 29. 93. Compsothlypis americana americana (Linneus). PARULA WARBLER, Great Inagua, Andros. Not common. 94. Dendroica tigrina (Gmelin). CAPE May WARBLER. New Providence, Great Inagua, *Acklin Island, Watlings Island, Andros, Abaco. The Cape May Warbler is a winter resident, and according to our experience is one of the most common warblers at that season. It was noted on Abaco as late as the first week in May. 95. Dendroica petechia flaviceps Chapman. BAHAMA YELLOW WARBLER. Great Inagua, Watlings Island, Andros, Abaco. This species is common throughout the Bahamas wherever’ there are suitable tracts of mangrove, which are its chosen haunts, and far from which it seldom wanders. 96. Dendroica cerulescens cerulescens (Gmelin). BLACK-THROATED BLUE WARBLER. New Providence, Watlings Island, Andros. A not uncommon winter resident. 97. Dendroica coronata (Linneus). YELLOW-RUMPED WARBLER. New Providence, Great Inagua, *Acklin Island, *Watlings Island, Andros. Common throughout the winter months. The bulk leaves by the last of March. 98. Dendroica striata (Forster). BLACK-POLL WARBLER. * Abaco. Only one record, referring to a single transient individual seen at Spencer’s Point May 4. WORTHINGTON: ORNITHOLOGY OF BAHAMA ISLANDS. 461 99. Dendroica dominica dominica (Linnaeus). YELLOW-THROATED WARBLER. New Providence, Great Inagua, Watlings Island. Not uncommon in the pine barrens back of the Blue Hills in Jan- uary, but seldom noted elsewhere. 100. Dendroica flavescens Todd. YELLOW-BREASTED WARBLER. Abaco. Four examples of this fine new species were taken, three at Sand Bank the last week in April, and one at Spencer’s Point on May 7, two of each sex. They were found near the edge of the pine barrens, feeding well up in the pines, and in their movements and song re- sembled the Yellow-throated Warbler very closely. The species doubtless occurs throughout the two Abacos, at least as far as the pine barrens extend. The sexual organs showed no signs of activity. 101. Dendroica pityophila Gundlach. CUBAN WARBLER. Abaco. Common in the pine barrens at Sand Bank, and noted at Spencer’s Point also, but less common. Like the last species, they keep well up in the pines, associating with the Bahama Pine Warblers, and it is doubtful if they ever leave such situations. 102. Dendroica vigorsiiachrustera Bangs. BAHAMA PINE WARBLER. New Providence, Andros, Abaco. Common wherever there are pine barrens, and doubtless not going beyond their extent. They seldom come near the ground to feed, confining themselves to the upper branches much more closely than the bird of the Eastern States. 103. Dendroica palmarum palmarum (Gmelin). PALM WARBLER. New Providence, Cat Island (The Bight, January 26), Great Inagua, *Acklin Island, Fortune Island (March 9), Watlings Island, Andros. A common and generally distributed winter resident. 104. Dendroica discolor (Vieillot). PRAIRIE WARBLER. New Providence, Great Inagua, Watlings Island, Andros. A not uncommon species in many places. 105. Seiurus aurocapillus (Linneus). OVEN-BIRD. New Providence, Great Inagua, *Acklin Island, Watlings Island, Andros, Abaco. Common throughout the islands, where it is called ‘‘Walk-easy”’ by the natives. It was observed as late as May 3 at Spencer's Point, Abaco, where it doubtless breeds. “iy: 462 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 106. Seiurus noveboracensis notabilis Ridgway. GRINNELL WATER THRUSH. New Providence, Great Inagua, Watlings Island. Not uncommon as a winter resident. 107. Geothlypis trichas trichas (Linneus). MARyLAND YELLOW- THROAT. New Providence, Watlings Island, Andros, Abaco. Common in the northern islands in winter, remaining as late as April 27 on Abaco. It was numerous on Watlings Island March 19. 108. Geothlypis rostrata rostrata Bryant. BRYANT YELLOW- THROAT. New Providence, Andros. Although special search was made for this species, only four speci- mens (all males) were secured, three on New Providence and one on Andros. Two of these were shot on the edge of the pine barrens, just south of the Blue Hills, and another in high coppet. From their persistence in keeping in the very thickest covert, which is here so dense that one can scarcely force his way through, and into which one can see but a very few feet, it is very difficult to catch even a glimpse of them. The only note which was ever heard was a short chirp, in no way distinctive. On one occasion a pair were seen together, but the female readily eluded capture. 109. Geothlypis rostrata tanneri Ridgway. TANNER YELLOW- THROAT. Abaco. More common in proportion than the New Providence bird, eight specimens being secured, all males. They are shy and retiring, keeping in the shady nooks of the thickest shrubbery and ferns, rarely venturing into plain sight, so that nearly all of those taken were secured by snapshots, as they flitted through the shadowy depths of the thickets. A female once came and worked through the thick growth around the base of an orange tree, within a few feet of our palmetto shack at Sand Bank. 110. Setophaga ruticilla (Linneus). AMERICAN REDSTART. New Providence, Great Inagua, Andros, *Abaco. The Redstart is not common in the Bahamas, according to our experience. It was found in open growth and pine barrens. The last was seen at Sand Bank, Abaco, April 26. WORTHINGTON: ORNITHOLOGY OF BAHAMA ISLANDS. 4638 111. Ccoereba bahamensis (Reichenbach). BAHAMA BANANAQUIT. New Providence, Cat Island (The Bight, January 26, Port Howe, April 6), Great Inagua, *Acklin Island, Watlings Island, Andros, Abaco. Abundant throughout the various islands, being partial to cocoanut groves, open woodland, and the vicinity of dwellings. On one occasion at the Blue Hills I had an opportunity of watching one of these birds at close range, as it was feeding on some bits of grape-fruit pulp which had been dropped over the veranda railing. It was satisfying its appetite by licking the shreds with its tongue, darting this member out and in with a very rapid motion, reminding one of a snake. 112. Agelaius pheeniceus bryanti Ridgway. BAaHnama ReEpD-wING. New Providence, Andros, Abaco. | Common in suitable localities in the northern islands, about the edges of lagoons, ponds, and mangrove swamps. 113. Icterus northropi Allen. NorTHROP ORIOLE. Andros, Abaco. At Staniard Creek, Andros, where there are large cocoanut groves, we found the Northrop Oriole quite common, and readily secured a dozen specimens during our brief stay, all within a radius of two miles. I predict that the species will be detected on this island wher- ever cocoanut groves occur. Passing almost all their time as they do in the tops of the cocoanut palms, feeding among the thick leaves, blossoms, and clusters of nuts, and being more than a little inclined to play at the game of “‘hide-and-seek’’—with the chances all in their favor—one might spend a considerable time in a grove where they are common, and yet scarcely ever see one. An occasional note, however, betrays their presence. One of their notes sounds like a hoarse ““chi-chot, chi-chot,” with accent on the first syllable, while others remind one of some of those of the Baltimore Oriole. They sing and breed in the immature plumage. At Sand Bank, Abaco, where there are no cocoanut palms, we nevertheless found them not uncommon in tall coppet, and very tame. On one occasion a young male allowed me to pass my gun-barrels within a foot of him. 114. Spindalis zena zena (Linneus). BLACK-BACKED SPINDALIS. New Providence, Cat Island (Port Howe, April 6), Andros. One of the most abundant and conspicuous of the characteristic land-birds of the northern Bahamas. They came in large numbers 464 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. to feed in the wild fig trees near our headquarters at the Blue Hills, and were very tame, feeding fearlessly within a few feet of us. 115. Spindalis zena townsendi Ridgway. ABACO SPINDALIs. Abaco. Common at Sand Bank, inhabiting coppet, and noted at Spencer’s Point also. 116. Passerina cyanea (Linneus). INDIGO BUNTING. *Great Inagua, *Andros, *Abaco. Not common. It was noted at Spencer’s Point, Abaco, as late as May 8. 117. Pyrrhulagra violacea violacea (Linneus). BAHAMA BULL- FINCH. New Providence, Great Inagua, Andros, Abaco. Common in coppet and thick woodland, often coming to the wild fig trees to feed. 118. Tiaris bicolor bicolor (Linneus). BAHAMA GRASSQUIT. New Providence, Great Inagua, Acklin Island, Watlings Island, Andros, Abaco. Abundant in fields and thickets, and along the highways. 119. Passerculus sandwichensis savanna (Wilson). SAVANNAH SPARROW. New Providence, Andros. Not common; noted in fields and pine barrens. It was taken on Andros as late as April 13. 120. Passer domesticus domesticus (Linneus). EUROPEAN HOUSE SPARROW. New Providence. A few were noted in the.town of Nassau. INDEX Abaco Hairy Woodpecker, 406 abacoensis, Dendroica, 435 abbreviatus, Sclerotettix, 105 Acanthopecten carboniferous, 149, 155 Acara syspilus, 335 Acaropsis nassa, 331 Accipiter velox, 451 Aceratherium, 275 tetradactylum, 278 tridactylum, 276-278 Acestridium, 319 discus, 319 Acestrorhynchus hepsetus, 315 Acidaspide, 73 Acidaspis spiniger, 48 Acipenseride, 207 acipenserinus, Podothecus, 210 Acipenser medirostris, 207 transmontanus, 207 Acridium rhombeum, 94 mucronatui, I41I Acrydium, 119 hamatum, 140 Actitis macularia, 449 acuminata, Orthis, 246 acuta, Tettigidea, 126 acuticeps, Geophagus, 369, 370 Oxycottus, 192 acutilobus, Scabrotettix, 114 acutiplicata, Orthis, 236, 237, 258 acutirostra, Atrypa, 227 acutirostris, Crenicichla, 346, 355 Rhynchonella, 226, 227 Zygospira, 215, 227, 228, 257 fEgialitis semipalmata, 414, 449 fEquidens awani, 335 centralis, 333 dorsigera, 336, 337 flavescens, 338 frenifera, 336 guaporensis, 332, 335 paraguayensis, 332, 335, 337 portalegrensis, 333, 334 rivulata, 339 sapayensis, 339 subocularis, 338 syspilus, 335 tetramerus, 332, 334, 335 thayeri, 336 vittata, 334, 335 zamorensis, 338, 339 equifasciatus, Symphysodon, 372 estiva, Dendroica, 433 affinis, Asaphus, 38 Hemigyraspis, 38 Salminus, 321 agassizi, Heterogramma, 357 Agassizodus variabilis, 156 Agelaius phoeniceus bryanti, 391, 394, 439, 463 floridanus, 439 Age of Deposits at Riacho Doce, 34 aggregatus, Cymatogaster, E773 200 Aglea intermedia, 290, 325, 327 Agonide, 193 Agostini, Serafino, 269 aix, Pallasina, 194, 210 Ajaia ajaja, 390, 411, 445 alagoensis, Chiromystus, 32, 33 alaskanus, Xeneretmus, I94, 195, 211 albescens, Glanidium, 382 alcer, Asaphus, 64 alcyon, Ceryle, 453 aleutensis, Lyconectes, 201, 212 Alexander IIT Museum, 1 alexandri, Lophiosilurus, 316, 317, 318 alleghaniensis, Petalodus, 145, 157 Allen, Dr. J. A., 284 alleni, Vireo, 428, 430 Allorisma costatum, 149, 155 subcuneatum, I49, 155, 158 Allotettix, or americanus, I15, 116 cayennensis, 115, 117 chapadensis, I15, 117, I2I chipmani, 115, 117 fuscipennis, I15 peruvianus, I15, 116 prolongatus, I15, 118 Alosa sapidissima, 207 alpha, Asaphus, 62 alpina sakhalina, Pelidna, 448 | Alticamelus altus, 264 altilis, Atrypa, 221 Camarotechia, 221 altispinosa, Crenicara, 344 altonensis, Naticopsis, 144, 150, 155 altum, Pterophyllum, 372, 373 altus, Alticamelus, 264 Aluco pratincola pratincola, 390 Amazona leucocephala bahamensis, 390, | 417, 451 465 466 Amazona caymanensis, 418 leucocephala, 418 amcenus, Geophagus, 359 amazonicum, Pygidium, 322 amazonus, Paurotarsus, 142 Scabrotettix, 114 Amblyopside, 326, 327 Amboccelia planoconvexa, 146, 147, 148, 150, 155 americana, Compsothlypis, 431, 460 Fulica, 390, 447 Pipa, 292 American Association of Geographers, 159 americanus, Allotettix, 115, 116 americanus, Coccyzus, 390 Phaéthon, 442 Ammodytes personatus, 208 Amorphopus, 90 caiman, 97 cnemidotus, 97 griseus, 97 notabilis, 97 testudo, 97 amphiacanthoides, Uaru, 331 Amphilichas, 77 lineatus, 72, 73 minganensis, 72, 73, 79 Amphineura, 153 Amphion barrandei, 76 benevolens, 76 canadensis, 76 nevadensis, 76 pseudoarticulatus, 76 senilis, 76 westoni, 76 Amphistichus argenteus, 209 anetheta, Sterna, 390 Anarrhichadide, 212 Anarrhichthys ocellatus, 212 angularis, Deltodus, 156 anguillaris, Lumpenus, 200, 212 angusticaudus, Isoteloides, 53, 64, 68, 78, 79 Isotelus, 36, 68 angustifrons, Ptychopyge, 49 Ani, 398 ani, Crotophaga, 390, 418, 453 annulipes, Tettigidea, 124, 126 Anomphalus rotulus, 156 Anoplarchus atropurpureus, 212 Anoplopoma fimbria, 209 Anous stolidus stolidus, 390 antennata, Puiggaria, 143 antennatus, Cotys, 96 Eomorphopus, 98 antillarum, Sterna, 390 antiquata, Camarella, 227 INDEX. antiquatus, Eoharpes, 60 apicale, Apteropedon, 140 apiculata, Tettigidea, 126 Apodichthys flavidus, 199, 212 Apotettix, 96, 121 bruneri, 122 proximus, 122 Apteropedon, 93, 139 apicale, 140 aquila, Fregata, 390, 409 arborea, Dendrocygna, 390, 446 arcticus baicalensis, Thymallus, 83 Salmo, 83 Thymallus, 83, 84 Arctozenus coruscans, 208 arctura, Thaleops, 71 arcturus, Illenus, 71 arcuata, Tettigidea, 126, 135 Ardea herodias herodias, 390 Arenaria interpres morinella, 449 argentea, Sphyrzna, 208 argenteus, Amphistichus, 209 Argentinide, 177, 208 argus, Cichla, 331 argyrosomus, Damalichthys, 209 Arius, 18 armadillo, Nileus, 70 armata depressa, Tettigidea, 126 armatus, Leptocottus, 210 Artedius lateralis, 190, 210 Arthropoda, 60 Asaphelina, 38 Asaphellus, 37, 38, 61 gyracanthus, 39, 42, 44 homfreyi, 40 monticola, 40, 45 planus, 41, 42 Asaphide, 37, 61 from the Beekmantown, 35-45 from the Lowville and Black River, 46-59 Asaphine, 61 Asaphus affinis, 38 alcer, 64 alpha, 62 beta, 67 canadensis, 51, 62 canalis, 35-39, 41, 67 convexus, 42 expansus, 36 extans, 46 gamma, 62, 63 homalnotoides, 52 homfrayi, 38 illenoides, 44 marginalis, 41, 62 nodostriatus, 46 obtusus, 64 INDEX. Asaphus romingeri, 49 suse, 64 triangulatus, 52 wisconsensis, 49, 50 Ascelichthys rhodorus, 210 aspenwallensis, Edmondia, 149, 155 asperulus, Micronotus, 120 Aspidophoroides inermis, 210 asprellus, Radulinus, 185, 186, 210 Astartella varica, 144, 155 vera, 146, 155, 157 Astrolytes fenestralis, 188, 210 Astronotus hypostictus, 331 ocellatus, 33I, 332 zebra, 331 orbiculatus, 331 Astyanax rutilus, 315 Assu, Dr. Cleto Japi, 288 Athyride, 152 Atremata, 215, 216 atricilla, Larus, 390, 447 atropurpureus, Anoplarchus, 212 Atrypa acutirostra, 227 altilis, 221 dubia, 227 equiradiata, 227 plena, 221 plicifera, 221 Atrypide, 215, 227 Aulorhynchide, 208 Aulorhynchus flavidus, 208 aura, aura, Cathartes, 390, 451 auriculatus, Sebastodes, 209 auritus floridanus, Phalacrocorax, 391 Aurivillius, Professor Chr., 2 aurocapillus, Seiurus, 391, 437 australe, Dysichthys, 321 australe, Geophagus, 367 australis, Chetobranchopsis, 330 Tettigidea, 126, 132 autochthon, Cichlasoma, 340, 344 autumnalis, Plegadis, 445 Averruncus emmelane 195, 196, 211 Aviculopecten whitei, 150 avocetta, Nemichthys, 207 . awani, Afquidens, 335 axinophrys, Xystes, 196 Axyrias harringtoni, 188, 190, 210 bactrianus, Camelus, 269 badiipinnis, Geophagus, 330 Bahama Islands, Narrative of the ex- pedition to. By W. W. Worthington, 395-407 Bahama Islands, A contribution to the ornithology of the. By W.E. Clyde Todd and W. W. Worthington, 388-— 4604 467 bahamensis andria, Saurothera, 391, 419 420, 453 bahamensis, Saurothera, 391, 419, 420, 453 Blacicus, 392, 425, 456 Ccereba, 390, 392, 393, 403 Colinus, 412 Poecilonetta, 390, 411, 411 Saurothera, 392, 394 Tolmarchus, 392, 424, 456 virescens, Butorides, 444 baicalensis, Thymallus, 83, 84 balzanii, Geophagus, 365, 367 Bananaquits, Bahama, 398, 403, 463 Bangs, Outram, 395 barbata, Pallasina, 194 barbatus, Platysilurus, 320 Barbour, Erwin H., 274 Thomas, 214 barbouri, Pygidium, 214 barrandei, Amphion, 76 Pliomerops, 76 Barrandia, 38 basalis, Otumba, 110, I12 Basilicus, 38, 61 marginalis, 58, 62, 78, 79 romingeri, 46, 40, 51, 58 tyrannus, 49, 62 Bathymasteridé, 198, 211 Bathyuride, 46 Bathyurus extans, 46, 48, 58 levis, 42. . longispinus, 46-48, 59 spiniger, 48, 58 Batrachide, 211 Batrachidea, 93 flavo-notata, I41 mucronata, I4I, 143 notata, I4I, 142 Batrachidiine, 92 Batrachidine, 123 Batrachops, 346, scotti, 347, 352 Bayet Collection, 3 beani, Triglops, 187, 210 bearsi, Isotelus, 70 Vogdesia, 70, 79 bellarugosa, Hebertella, 245, 246, 258 Orthis, 245 Bellerophon percarinatus, 155 stevensanus, 155 belli, Glossina, 216, 218, 256 Lingula, 216 bellistriata, Naculana, 155 benedicti, Spindalis, 303 Bennett, Hon. W. Hart, 397, 407 benevolens, Amphion, 76 Berg, Dr. Leo, 84 468 INDEX. beta, Asaphus, 67 Isotelus, 67, 79 bicarinata, Euconispira, 144, 155 bicolor, Bunocephalus, 321 bicolor, Tiaris, 390, 393, 442, 464 biguas, 374 bilineata, Lepidopsetta, 204, 213 umbrosa, Lepidopsetta, 205 bimaculatum, Cichlasoma, 334, 337, 339, 343 binoculata, Raja, 165, 168, 171, 172- 175, 207 Biotecus opercularis, 372 biserialis, Septopora, 154, £56, 157 bison, Enophrys, 210 bispina, Cota, 95 Tettix, 05 Blacicus hahamensis, 390, 392, 425, 456 Black-backed Spindalis, 398 Black-bellied Plover, 402 Blennicottus globiceps, 191, 210 Blenniide, 199, 211 Blepsias cirrhosus, 210 Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, 403 Bob-white, 308 Florida, 446 Boddam-W hetham, Captain, 407 boleoides, Radulinus, 186, 210 bolivianus extensus, Scabrotettix, 114 Scabrotettix, 114 Booby, 442 borealis, Buteo, 390 Hebertella, 224, 238 Icelinus, 188, 210 Orthis, 241 borellii, Heterogramma, 361, 392 borelli, Paratettix, 119 Bothragonus swani, 210 Boucher, F. H., 401, 407 bovidens, Dielasma, 144, 150, I55 bracei, Riccordia ricordii, 424 Brachiopoda, I51, 216 Brachiopoda and Ostracoda of the Chazy. By Percy E. Raymond, 215-259 brachydontus, Oxydactylus, 261, 262 Brachyistius frenatus, 209 Brachymystax coregonoides, 81 lenok, 81 brachyurus, Geophagus. 363-370 brainerdi, Lingula, 216, 219, 250 Brama raii, 209 Bramide, 200 Branner, J. C., 23, 283, 285, 287 Geology of the Coast of the State of Alagoas, Brazil, 5-22 branneri, Diplomystus, 24 Ellipes, 25, 27, 28 branneri, Rhamdia, 377 voulezi, Rhamdia, 378 brasiliensis, Geophagus, 315, 322, 324, 342, 362, 365, 367, 370 iporangensis, Geophagus, 364 itapicuruénsis, Geophagus, 365 Breeding habits of the Geophagine, 322 brevipes, Lycodes, 201, 202, 212 Brewer, Cecil C., 282 Brief Report upon the Expedition of the Carnegie Museum to Central South America. By John D. Haseman, 287-299 British Trilobites, 40, 41 Brosmophycis marginatus, 212 Bruner, Lawrence, South American Tetrigide, 89-143 bruneri, Apotettix, 122 Tettigidea, 124 brunneus,’Catulus, 207 bryante, Nesophlox, 393 Bryostemma decoratum, 211 nugator, 2I1 Bucanopsis marcouana, 146, 155 Bullfnch, Bahama, 308, 464 Bunocephalus bicolor, 321 depressus, 319 rugosus, 321 Bunting, Indigo, 464 Bulimorpha nitidula, 155 Bumastus erastusi, 71 globosus, 71, 79 indeterminatus, 7I limbatus, 71 Buteo borealis z Butorides virescens bahamanensis, 390, 419, 444 Buzzard, Turkey, 451 caboti, Cuereba, 393 Celacanth, 34 cerulea caerulea, Polioptila, 390, 427,457 cesiogaster, Polioptila, 427 Florida, 390, 444 ceerulescens cerulescens, Dendroica, 433; 460 cairnsi, Dendroica, 433 ceruleus, Clupanoden, 207 caiman, Amorphopus, 97 cairnsi, Dendroica cerulescens, 433 Calidris leucophea, 448 calidris barbatula, Vireosylva, 390, 428, 458 californiense, Myctophum, 208 californiensis, Syngnathus, 177 Callichelidon cyaneoviridis, 391, 431, 459 callyodon, Liparis, 196, 211 INDEX, Calmon, Dr. Miguel, 287 Camarella, 215 longirostris, 249, 250, 251, 259 minor, 227 panderi, 259 varians, 215, 250, 252, 259 Camarotechia, 219 altilis, 221 congregata, 221, 257 major, 226, 257 orientalis, 223, 224, 226, 257 plena, 221, 223, 224, 226, 257 pristina, 215, 220, 225, 226, 257 Camel, A New, from the Miocene of Western Nebraska. By O. A. Peter- son, 260-266 Camelide, 271 Camelus bactrianus, 269 cameratus, Spirifer, 155 Campophyllum torquium, 144, 154 camurus, Geophagus, 368, 369 Platythorus, 96 canadensis, Amphion, 76 Asaphus, 51, 62 Leperditia, 254 Pliomerops, 75, 76, 79 Remopleurides, 60 canalis, Asaphus, 35-37, 39, 41, 67 Isotelus, 39 candidissima candidissima, Egretta, 390 Candiru, 297, 315 Caphyra radians, 61 striatulus, 61 Carassius carassius, 85 carbonaria, Pleurotomaria, 145, 155, 157 Yoldia, 155 carbonarius, Chiton, 153 Euphemus, 146, 155 Glaphurochiton, 153, 156-158 carboniferous, Acanthopecten, 149, 155 Cardiomorpha missouriensis, 149, 155 carmioli, Vireo, 430 Carnegie, Andrew, 160, 161, 281 Mrs. Andrew, 281 Carnegie Museum Expedition to Cen- ral South America, 1907-1910. By W. J. Holland, 283-286 Carnegie Quarry, Dinosaur Peak, 281 carnegiei, Cnesterodon, 385 Diplodocus, 1 carolina, Porzana, 413, 447 carolinensis, Dumetella, 426, 457 Carriker, M. A., Jr., 4 Catbird, 457 Cathartes aura aura, 390, 451 Catalog (annotated) of the Cichlid fishes collected by the expedition of | the Carnegie Museum to Central 469 South America, 1907-1910. D. Haseman, 329-373 cataphractus, Gasterosteus, 208 catilloides, Euomphalus, 146, 155, 157 Catoptrophorus semipalmatus semi- palmatus, 390 Catulus brunneus, 207 caudatus, Micronotus, 121 Paratettix, 121 Tettix, 121 Caularchus mezandricus, 211 caurinus, Sebastodes, 181, 209 cayennensis, Allotettix, 115, 117 Paratettix, 116, 117 Ceguinho, 325 centralis, Afquidens, 333 Heros, 333, 335 Centurus bahamensis, 391, 392 blakei, 391, 392, 421-423, 454 nyeanus, 394 nyeanus nyeanus, 391, 392, 421-423, 454 superciliaris, 392, 421, 422 Cephalosilurus fowleri, 317 Ceratocephala, 73 coalescens, 74 narrawayi, 73, 79 Cerauride, 75, 80 Ceraurus, 76 cerdale, Scytalina, 212 Ceriocrinus craigi, 154 sp., 154 Ceryle alcyon, 453 Cetopsis, 296 chacoénsis, Cichla, 331 Chemepelia passerina bahamensis, 391, 416 passerina exigua, 391, 392, 417, 450 passerina pallescens, 417 Chetobranchus flavescens, 330 semifasciatus, 330 Chetobranchopsis australis, 330 orbicularis, 330 champlainensis, Rafinesquina, 233 chapadensis, Allotettix, 115, I17, 121 Tettigidea, 125, 130, 135 Chapman, Frank M., 389, 395 Characidium, 385 etheostoma, 387 fasciatum, 327, 386, 387 Charadrius crassirostris, 415 Cheirurus sol, 77, 78 chichimeca australis, Tettigidea, 124 Tettigidea, 124 chilensis, Sarda, 208 Chimeridz, 207 chipmani, Allotettix, 115, 117 Chiriquia, 90 By John 470 INDEX. Chiriquia concinna, 99 serrata, 99 Chirocentridz, 32 Chirocentrid herrings, 34 Chiromystus alagoensis, 32, 33 mawsoni, 33 chirus, Xiphistes, 200, 212 Chiton carbonarius, 153 Chitonotus pugetensis, 187, 210 Chonetes granulifer, 147-149, 154, 158 mesolobus, 144, 146, 150, 154, 156 verneuilanus, 148, 154, 156 Chonetesme solobus, 150 Chordeiles virginianus vicinus, 390, 455 Choriphyllum, 90 plagiatum, 94 rhombeum, 94 sagrai, 94 saussurei, 95 westwoodi, 94 chrysia, Geotrygon, 391, 392 cibaria, Lampetra, 206 Cicada rhombea, 94 cicatriocosus, Metalichas, 72 Cichla argus, 331 chacoénsis, 331 neiderlini, 331 ocellaris, 330 temensis, 331 Cichlasoma autochthon, 340, 342 bimaculatum, 334, 337, 339 coryphcenoides, 342, 343 facetum, 340 festivum, 340, 342 kraussi, 344 oblongum, 240, 342 psittacum, 343 severum, 343 spectabile, 343, 344 temporale, 342, 343 Cichlide, 288, 330 Cichlids, 324 cincta, Crenicichla, 356 cirrhosus, Blepsias, 210 cisternarum, Phreatobius, 322 Citharichthys sordidus, 212 stigmeus, 204, 213 Cladodus occidentalis, 156 Cladonotine, 89, 93 clarias, Pimelodus, 380 clavilatus, Sebastodes, 181-184, 209 Cleiothyridina orbicularis, 155 Clevelandia ios, 211 Clitambonites multicostus, 215, 247, 248 porcia, 248, 258 Clitambonitide, 215, 247 Clupanodon ceruleus, 207 Clupea humilis, 23, 24 Clupea nove-hollandiz, 25 pallasi, 177, 207 | pusilla, 23, 24 Clupeide, 23, 177, 207 Clypeotettix, 92 schochi, 118 cnemidotus, Amorphopus, 97 Paratettix, 97 Tetrix; 07 Cnesterodon carnegiei, 385 coalescens, Ceratocephala, 74 Coccyzus americanus americanus, 390 minor maynardi, 390, 420, 453 nesiotes, 420 Cockerell, T. D. A., 27 Coereba bahamensis, 390, 392, 393, 463 caboti, 393 Coggeshall, A. S., 46, 161 Louis, 46, 216 Colinus bahamensis, 412 virginianus floridanus, 389, 412, 446 collectus, Solenocheilus, 156 collizi, Hydrolagus, 207 Collie, George L., 42 collieana, Hemigyraspis, 39-41, 45 Columba leucocephala, 390, 416, 450 columba, Lingula, 217, 256 columbarius columbarius, Falco, 417, 451 columbiana, Illanurus, 42, 45 Colymbus dominicus brachypterus, 408 dominicus dominicus, 390, 408, 442 Composita emarginata, 152 Sirtyl, 144, 1254 Ts5) 158 mexicana, 152 subtilita, 152, 155 compressus, Diplodus, 156 Compsothlypis americana americana, 431, 460 concinna, Chiriquia, 99 Metradora, 99 congregata, Camarotechia, 221, 257 Rhynchotrema, 220 contractus, Crimisus, 103, 104 Contribucoes 4 paleontologia do Brasil, Contribution to the Vertebrate Pale- ontology of Brazil, 17 convexa, Orbiculoidea, 154 convexus, Asaphus, 42 Illzenurus, 44 Symphysurus, 42, 43, 45 Coot, American, 447 Cope, E. D., 17 Copeichthys, 23 coracoideus, Dysichthys, 321 cera, Productus, 149, 154 INDEX. 471 coregonoides, Salmo, 81 Coregonus pidschian, 82 polcur, 82 corinus, Hexanchus, 163 Coriphyllum foliatum, 93 Cormorant, Mexican, 443 corndensis, Ogygia, 38 coronata, Dendroica, 433 corumbe, Heterogramma, 358-360 corrugata, Tettigidea, 127, 136 coruscans, Arctozenus, 208 Cory, Charles B., 395 corypheenoides, Cichlasoma, 342, 343 costalis, Orthis, 216, 255, 237) 238, 258 Tettigidea, 126, 133 costatum, Allorisma, 149, 155 Cota bispina, 95 saxosa, 95 strumosa, 95 Cottide, 87, 185, 219 Cottus haitej, 87, 88 kneri, 87 sibiricus, 87 Cotys. 90 antennatus, 96 -craigi, Ceriocrinus, 154 Crandall, Roderic, 17, 32 crandalli, Dastilbe, 29, 30 Crania modesta, 154 prona, 229 Cranide, 229 Craniella, 229 crassa, Derbya, 147; 148, 154 crassimarginata, Schmidtella, 256 crassirostris, Charadrius, 415 crassirostris, Vireo, 428, 458 Vireo, 393, 394 428, 429 crassus, Temnocheilus, 156 Crenicara altispinosa, 344 maculata, 344 punctulata, 344, 345 Crenicichla acutirostris, 355 cincta, 356 cyanota, 346 dorsocellata, 346, 355 iguassuénsis, 346, 352, 387 jaguarensis, 255 lacustris, 346, 351 lenticulata, 356 lepidota, 342, 346-351 lugubris, 356 macrophthalma, 353, 354 ocellata, 345 ornata, 356 punctulata, 345 reticulata, 345 santaremensis, 353 saxatilis, 350, 351 Crenicichla saxatilis, lucius, 351 semifasciata, 345 simoni, 345 strigata, 355 vittata, 346, 353, 355 wallacei, 353, 354 | crenularia, Tarletonbeania, 208 crepitans coryi, Rallus, 399, 412, 446 crepitans, Rallus, 412, 413 waynei, Rallus, 412, 413 Crimisus, 91 contractus, 103, 104 patruus, 103, 104 Crotophaga ani, 390, 418, 453 | cubensis, Tyrannus, 391, 392 Cuckoo, Andros Lizard, 453 Maynard, 403, 494, 453 Nassau Lizard, 398, 453 cuneatus, Schizodus, 155 cunicularia bahamensis, Speotyto, 391, 392 cavicola, Speotyto, 391 cupido, Geophagus, 367 curtum, Cyrtoceras, I 56, 157 curtus, Eleleus, 95 | cuspidata, Tettigidea, 125, 128 cyanea, Passerina, 441, 464 cyaneoviridis, Callichelidon, 391, 431, 459 cyanops, Sula, 391 _ eyanota, Crenicichla, 346 Cyathaxonia distorta, 144, 154, 156 Cybele, 51 ellas 52.075 prima, 75 valcourensis, 75 Cyclopteride, 211 cyclopus, Liparis, 197, 211 Cymatogaster aggregatus, 177, 209 Cynoscion nobilis, 209 Cyphaspis trentonensis, 46 Cyprinide, 85 | Cyrtoceras curtum, 156, 157 Czar of Russia, 161 demon, Geophagus, 369, 379 | Dalatiide, 207 Damalichthys argyrosomus, 209 Dastilbe, 18 crandalli, 29, 39 Dasycottus setiger, 192, 210 davisi, Pygidium, 380 Dean, Dr. Bashford, 162, 180 | deani, Sebastodes, 178, 179, 209 _ decagrammus, Hexagrammos, 184, 209 deflecta, Orthis, 239 delicata, Gallinago, 447 Delolepis virgatus, 212 472 INDEX. Deltodus angularis, 156 Deltopecten occidentalis, 155 Dendrocygna arborea, 390, 446 Dendroica estiva, 433 ceerulescens cerulescens, 433, 460 cairnsi, 433 coronata, 433 discolor, 390, 437, 461 dominica dominica, 433, 434, 461 flavescens, 391, 434 palmarum palmarum, 436, 461 petechia flaviceps, 390, 394, 432, 460 pityophila, 391, 392, 434, 461 striata, 460 tigrina, 431, 460 vigorsii abacoensis, 435 vigorsii achrustera, 391, 435, 461 dennyi, Liparis, 196, 198, 211 Dentalium meekanum, 155 dentata, Otumba, IIo, III dentatus, Diplomystus, 24, 27 depressus, Bunocephalus, 319 Derby, Dr. O. A.; 285, 287, 384 Derbya crassa, 147, 148, 154 robusta, 158 derbyi, Plecostomus, 384 Description of a Collection of Fossil Fishes from the Bituminous Shales at Riacho Doce, State of Alagdas. Brazil. By David Starr Jordan, 23-34 Description of a New Species of Py- gidium. By Carl H. Eigenmann, 214 Descriptions of some new species of fishes and miscellaneous notes on others obtained during the expedition of the Carnegie Museum to Central South. America. By John D. Hase- | man, 315-328. desiderata, Hemigyraspis, 40 Ogygia, 38, 41 Desmatodon hollandi, 147 destructor, Petalodus, 157 Diceratherium cooki, Mounted skeleton, of, 274 Dichromanassa rufescens, 390, 400, 444 Dielasma bovidens, 144, 150, 155 digitalis, Salmo, 83 digitatus, Lycodes, 202 Dilarchus snyderi, 192 Diplodocus, 2 carnegiei, I Diplodus, 149 compressus, 156 Diplomystus, 17, 18, 23, 25, 32, 34 branneri, 24 dentatus, 24, 27 Diplomystus longicostatus, 23, 27, 29 D'scinide, 151 discolor, Dendroica, 390, 437, 461 discus, Symphysodon, 372 disparalis, Orthis, 236 distans, Rafinesquina, 234, 257 distorta, Cyathaxonia, 144, 154, 156 Domatoceras highlandense, 156 domesticus domesticus, Passer, 464 Passer, 389 dominica dominica, Dendroica, 433, 434, 461 dominicensis dominicensis, Tyrannus, 390, 424, 456 dominicus brachypterus, Colymbus, 408 dominicus, Colymbus, 390, 408, 442 dorsigera, AXquidens, 336, 337 dorsocellata, Crenicichla, 346, 355 dougalli, Sterna, 390 Douglass, Earl, 3, 50, 161, 281, 282 Dove, Bahama Ground, 450 Mona Ground, 402, 403, 450 Zenaida, 404, 450 Dryobates villosus maynardi, 391, 394, 420, 453 villosus piger, 391, 394, 421, 454 dubia, Atrypa, 227 Protorhyncha, 226 Rhynchonella, 226 Duck, Antillean Tree, 446 Bahama, 404, 445 Greater Scaup, 445 Ruddy, 445 Dumetella carolinensis, 426, 457 ° duopunctata, A*quidens, 338, 339 duplicimuratus, Schizambon, 215, 228, 257 Dysichthys australe, 321 coracoideus, 321 East African mammals, I61 Eastman, Charles R., 3, 160, 282 Editorial Notes, W. J. Holland, 1-4, I59-I161, 281-282 Edmondia aspenwallensis, 149, 155 Egret, Reddish, 402, 444 Egretta candidissima candidissima, 390 egretta, Herodias, 390 Eigenmann, Dr. C. H., 4, 160, 283, 285, 324, 326, 329, 330, 373, 385 Description of a new species of Pygidium, 214 List of localities at which John D. Haseman collected fishes in Central South America, 299-314 eigenmanni, Fitzroya, 385 elassodon, Hippoglossoides, 212 electricus, Electrophorus, 316 INDEX. Electrophorus electricus, 316 elegans, Mimus, 425 Eleleus, 90 curtus, 95 elongatus, Ophiodon, 209 ella, Cybele, 52, 75 Ellipes, 23, 24 branneri, 25, 27, 28 longicostatus, 27, 29 riacensis, 27, 28 elrodi, Procamelus, 261, 264 emarginata, Composita, 152 Embiotoca jacksoni, 209 Embiotocide, 177, 209 embryum, Oxycottus, I9I, 210 emmelane, Averruncus, 195, 196, 2II emmonsi, Malocystites, 224 empheus, Sebastodes, 182, 209 Encricinuride, 73, 75 Endobolus, 146 missouriensis, 156 Engraulidez, 207 Engraulis mordax, 207 Enophrys bison, 210 Entosphenus tridentatus, 206 eoceena, Knightia, 23, 24 Eoharpes, 60 antiquatus, 60 Eomorphopus, 90 antennatus, 98 granulatus, 98 Eoplacopora, 153 Eopsetta jordani, 212 equiradiata, Atrvpa, 227 erastusi, Bumastus, 7I Illenus, 71 Ereunetes pusillus, 448 Erismatura jamaicensis, 445 Eryops sp., 147 Erythrinus, 295 erythrogastra, Hirundo, 459 Esox reicherti, var. baicalensis, 86 Estherias, 149 estor, Lucius, 86 etheostoma, Characidium, 387 Euconispira bicarinata, 144, 155 Euloma-Niobe Fauna, 43 Eumicrotremus orbis, 211 Euomphalus catilloides, 146, 155, 157 Euphemus carbonarius, 146, 155 eurekensis, Illanurus, 44 Eurychilina latimarginata, 255 evelyne, Nesophlox, 391, 393, 394, 423, 455 evides, Plectobranchus, 212 exfoliata, Hebertella, 238 Plectorthis, 235, 258 exigua, Geothlypis, 438 { | 473 exilis, Ixobrychus, 390 Lyopsetta, 203, 212 expansus, Asaphus, 36 Expedition of Carnegie Museum to Central South America, 160 Expeditions in South America, 284 Explanation of Plates, 57-59, 156-158, 256, 259 extans, Asaphus, 46 Bathyurus, 46, 48, 58 extenuatus, Stenodorus, 120 Extinct Rhinoceroses, 275 fabulites, Leperditia, 253 facetum, Cichlasoma, 340, 342 Falco, columbarius columbarius, 417, 451 peregrinus anatum, 451 sparverius sparverius, 451 Farlowella, 319 fasciata, Leptana, 230 Rafinesquina, 230 Strophomena, 230 fasciatum, Characidium, 327, 386, 387 Fauna of the Allegheny and Conemaugh Series in Western Pennsylvania, Dis- tribution of Species of, 154-156 fenestralis, Astrolytes, 188, 210 ferox, Plagyodus, 208 festivum, Cichlasoma, 340 filamentosus, Tarandichthys, 210 fimbria, Anoplopoma, 209 fischeri, Pliomera, 75 Fishes known to occur in Puget Sound, List of, 206-213 Some new species of, from the Rio Iguasst. By John D. Haseman, 374-384 of British Guiana, 160 Fissodus inequalis, 156 Fitzroya eigenmanni, 385 Flamingo, American, 402, 443 flavescens, Afquidens, 338 Chetobranchus, 330 Dendroica, 391, 434 flavidus, Apodichthys, 199, 212 Aulorhynchus, 209 flavipes, Totanus, 448 flavo-notata, Batrachidea, 141 flore, Liparis, 211 Florida cerulea, 390, 444 floridanus, Agelaius, 439 fluviatilis, Perca, 87 Flycatcher, Bahama Crested, 456 foliatum, Coriphyllum, 93 foliatus, Phyllotettix, 93 fossulatus, Prototettix, 122 Trigonofemora, 113 474 Fowler, H. W., 318, 329 fowleri, Cephalosilurus, 317 frankfortensis, Hebertella, 241 Fregata aquila, 409, 443 frenatus, Brachyistius, 209 Rhamdiaglanis, 318 frenifera, A°quidens, 336 Frick, Childs, 3, 161 Frick Collection of Mammals, 3 fucensis, Liparis, 198, 211 Theragra, 212 fucorum, Xererpes, 212 Fulica americana, 390, 447 furcatus, Phanerodon, 209 fuscata, Sterna, 390, 447 fuscatus fuscatus, Margarops, 391-393, 427, 457 fuscipennis, Allotettix, 115 fusiformis, Soleniscus, 155, 156 Fusulinella sp., 144, 154 Gadide, 202, 212 Gadus macrocephalus, 212 gairdneri, Salmo, 208 galeata galeata, Gallinula, 390, 413, 447 Galeide, 207 Gallinago delicata, 447 Gallinula galeata galeata, 390, 413, 447 Gallinule, Florida, 403, 447 gamma, Asaphus, 62, 63 Gasterosteide, 208 Gasteristeus cataphractus, 208 Gelochelidon nilotica, 390 Geological Society of America, 159 Geothlypis exigua, 438 maynardi, 438 rostrata coryi, 391 rostrata rostrata, 391, 393, 438, 462 rostrata tanneri, 391, 438 trichas, 393, 437, 462 Geology of the Coast of the State of Alagéas, Brazil. Part I. By J. C. Branner, 5-22 Geophagine, Breeding habits of the, 322 Geophagus acuticeps, 369, 370 amoenus, 359 australe, 367 badiipinnis, 330 balzanii, 365, 367 brachyurus, 363-369 brasiliensis, 315, 322, 324, 342 brasiliensis iporangensis, 364 brasiliensis itapicuruénsis, 365 camurus, 368, 369 cupido, 367 demon, 369, 370 gymnogenys, 322, 367, 3608, 370 jurupari, 370, 372 INDEX. Geophagus pappaterra, 370, 372 scymnophilus, 323 surinamensis, 315 Geotrygon chrysia, 391, 392 Gerasaphes ulrichana, 55, 63 gibbinotus, Platytettix, 99 gibbosa, Orthis, 242 gigas, Isotelus, 36, 51, 53, 56, 57, 67 Gilbertidia sigalutes, 193, 210 Gillichthys mirabilis, 211 Girty, Dr. George H., 152 girtyi, Composita, 144, 152, 155, 158 Gladiotettix, or hancocki, 102, 103 turgida, IOI, 103 Glanidium albescens, 382 ribeiroi, 381 Glaphurochiton, 153 carbonarius, 153, 157 simplex, 153, 156-158 Glaphurus primus, 75 pustulatus, 74, 79 glauca, Prionace, 207 globiceps, Blennicottus, I9I, 210 globosus, Bumastus, 71, 79 Glossina, 216 belli, 216, 218, 256 Glyptocephalus zachirus, 206, 213 Gnatcatcher, Blue-gray, 457 Gobiesocide, 211 Gobiide, 211 Gobio gobio, 86 gobio, Hemipsilichthys, 321 Gobius nicholsi, 211 Goniatites lunatus, 156 goodnovi, Spherocoryphe, 78, 79 Gould, John, Ornithological Works of, 161 gracilicornis, Tettigidea, 125 gracilis, Lophoscirtus, 139 Nephele, 119 Paratettix, 119 Stenomylus, 272, 273 Tetrix, 120 Tettigidea, 139 Tettix, 120 Grand Duke Constantine, I granulatus, Eomorphopus, 98 granulifer, Chonetes, 147-149, 154, 158 granulostriata, Pleurotomaria, 145 Grassquit, Bahama, 403, 464 grayvillensis, Phanerotrema, 150, 155 Grebe, Pied-billed, 403, 442 West Indian, 442 greeni, Liparis, 211 Greiner, Ernst W., 52 Grey-Wilson, Sir William, 397, 407 Griffithides scitula, 156 INDEX. griseolineatus, Syngnathus, 177, 208 griseus, Amorphopus. 97 Hexanchus, 163, 207 griseus griseus, Macrorhamphus, 448 Vireo, 428, 458 Grouse-locusts, 80 grubei, Thymallus, 83, 84 grubeii var. baicalensis, Thymallus, 83 Gryphochiton, 153 Gryphochitonidez, 153 guaporensis, A€quidens, 332, 335 guatemalica, Tettigidea, 124 Gull, Laughing, 447 gundlachii gundlachii, Mimus, 390, 426, 457 Vireo, 430 Gundlach Mockingbird, 402, 403 gymnogenys, Geophagus, 322, 367, 370 gyracanthus, Asaphellus, 37, 38, 39 Hematopus palliatus, 390, 449 Hagenteck, Carl, 2 haitej, Cottus, 87, 88 Halecopsis, 18, 29, 30 haliaétus ridgwayi, Pandion, 390, 451 Hallina, 228 hamata, Scaria, 140 hamatum, Acrydium, 140 hamatus, Tettix, 140 hancocki, Gladiotettix, 102, 103 Micronotus, 119 Tettigidea, 126, 131 Harpina, 60 harringtoni, Axyrias, 188, 190, 210 harrisi, Isotelus, 37, 65, 66, 78 Hartman, C. V., 2 Hartman Collection of shells, 161 Haseman, John D., 160, 283, 285, 373 An annotaged catalog of the cichlid fishes collected by the expedition of the Carnegie Museum to Central South America, 1907- I910, 329-373 Descriptions of some new species of fishes and miscellaneous notes on others obtained during expedi- tion of the Carnegie Museum to Central South America, 315-328 Report upon the expedition of the Carnegie Museum to Central South America, 287-299 Some new species of fishes from the Rio Iguassti, 374-384 Hatcher, J. B., 2 Hawk, American Sparrow, 451 Duck, 451 Pigeon, 451 Sharp-shinned, 451 475 hawni, Pseudomonotis, 155 Hebertella, 215 bellarugosa, 245, 246, 258 borealis, 224, 241, 245 exfoliata, 238 frankfortensis, 241 imperator, 224, 243, 258 vulgaris, 215, 236, 238, 242, 243, 246, 258 Heliomera sol, 77, 79 Hemigyraspis, 41 collieana, 39-41, 45 desiderata, 40 affinis, 38 Helmitheros vermivorus, 431, 460 Helodromas solitarius solitarius, 413, 448 Hemilepidotus hemilepidotus, 190, 210 jordani, 190 hemiplicata, Parastrophia, 53 Hemipsilichthys gobio, 321 Henn, Arthur W., 395 Henshaw, Samuel, 48 hepsetus, Acestrorhynchus, 315 Heptapterus stewarti, 376 Herodias egretta, 390 herodias herodias, Ardea, 390 Heron, Bahama Green, 399, 402, 404, 444 Black-crowned Night, 445 Great Blue, 444 Louisiana, 444 Yellow-crowned Niglit, 402, 445 Heros centralis, 333, 335 Heterogramma, 373 agassizi, 357 borellii, 361, 362 corumbe, 358-360 ortmanni, 359 pleurotenia, 361, 362 ritense, 362 teniatum, 357-359 pertense, 359 trifasciatum, 360 maciliense, 360 Hexagrammide, 184, 209 Hexagrammos decagrammus, 184, 209 stelleri, 184, 185, 209 superciliosus, 184, 209 Hexanchide, 163, 207 Hexanchus corinus, 163 griseus, 163, 207 hibernicus, Lichas, 72 highlandense, Domatoceras, 156 hilarii, Salminus, 321 Himantopus mexicanus, 390, 447 Hippoglossoides elassodon, 212 Hippoglossus hippoglossus, 212 476 Hirundo erythrogastra, 450 Histiurus, 24 Holland, Dr. W. J., 2, 3, 24, §9, 160 I61, 287, 329 Carnegie Museum expedition to Central South America, 1907— IQ1IO, 283-286 Editorial Notes, I-4, 159-161, 281I-— 282 Holland Collection of shells, 161 hollandi, Desmatcdon, 147 Imparfinis, 383 homalnotoides, Asaphus, 52 Isoteloides, 46, 52, 58, 68 Homalopteon, 38 homfrayi, Asaphellus, 38, 39, 40 Hoplias, 205 malabaricus, 315, 375 Hovey, Dr. E. O., 216 Hudson, George F., 216 Huene, Baron F. v., 282 humilis, Clupea, 23, 24 Hummingbird, Abaco, 455 huronensis, Lingula, 216, 219 Hustedia mormoni, 155 Hydranassa tricolor ruficollis, 390, 409, 444 Hydreionocrinus sp., 154 Hydrolagus collizi, 207 Hymenotes, 94 Hyperlophus spratellides, 25 Hypomesus pretiosus, 177, 208 Hypoparia, 60 hypostictus, Astronotus, 331 Hypsagonus quadricornis, 193, 210 Ibis, Glossy, 445 Icelinus borealis, 188, 210 Icterus northropi, 391, 393, 394, 439, 463 prosthemelas, 393 ignicula, Orthis, 236, 258 iguassuensis, Crenicichla, 346, 352, 387 Illenide, 71 illenoides, Asaphus, 44 Illenurus, 38, 61 columbiana, 42, 45 convexus, 44 eurekensis, 44 quadratus, 43, 44 Illenus arcturus, 71 erastusi, 71 indeterminatus, 71 ovatus, 71 illinoisensis, Trepospira, 155, 157 Imparfinis hollandi, 383 mirini, 318 piperatus, 318 transfasciatus, 318 INDEX. imperator, Hebertella, 224, 243, 258 Orthis, 243 imperfecta, Tettigidea, 125, 128 imperialis, Uaru, 331 Implements and methods of collecting fishes, 292-396 ineequalis, Fissodus, 156 inequivalve, Rhynchotrema, 220 incrassata, Leptena, 215, 230-232, 257 Strophomena, 230 inermis, Aspidophoroides, 210 indeterminatus, Bumastus, 71 Illenus, 71 infraspinatus, Xeneretmus, 104, 195, 211 infuscatus, Sclerotettix, 105, 107 | inornata, Raja, 165, 168, 171-174 insectus, Turbo, 145 insignis, Niobe, 37 Osmeroides, 29 intermedia, Aglea, 290, 325, 327 Tettigidea, 126, 132 interpres morinella, Arenaria, 449 introniger, Sebastodes, 178, 209 ios, Clevelandia, 211 Irwin, Clark, 396 ischyra, Isopsetta, 213 isolepis, Isopsetta, 204, 213 Isopsetta ischyra, 213 isolepis, 204, 213 Isoteliform suture, 37 Isoteloides, 37 angusticaudus, 53, 64, 68, 78, 79 homalnotoides, 46, 52, 58, 68 whitfieldi, 36, 39, 44, 40, 67 Isotelus, 38 angusticaudus, 36, 68 bearsi, 67, 79 beta, 67, 79 canalis, 39 gigas, 36, 53, 56, 57, 67 harrisi, 37, 65, 66, 78 maximus, 55, 50 obtusus, 64 platymarginatus, 65-67, 78, 79 Iswolky, M., 1 Ixobrychus exilis, 390 Jacana, Mexican, 450 Jacana spinosa, 450 | jacksoni, Embiotoca, 209 jaguarensis, Crenicichla, 351 Jahu, 294, 321 jalapa, Tettigidea, 125 jamaicensis, Erismatura, 445 japonicus, Scomber, 208 jerseyensis, Ptychopyge, 47, 48 Jordan, David Starr, 17, 163 Description of a Collection of Fossil INDEX. 477 Fishes from the Bituminous Shales at Riacho Doce, State of Alag6éas, Brazil, 23-24. Jordan, David Starr and William Fran- cis Thompson, Notes on a Col- lection of Fishes made by James Francis Abbott at Irkutsk, beria, 81-88 jordani, Eopsetta, 212 Hemilepidotus, 190 Ronquilus, 198, 211 Jordania zonope, 185, 210 keta, Onchorhynchus, 208 kentuckiensis, Spiriferina, 155 kincaidi, Malacocottus, 210 Raja, 175 Killdeer, 449 West Indian, 449 Kingbird, Gray, 456 Kingfisher, Belted, 453 kisutch, Onchorhynchus, 207 kneri, Cottus, 87 Knightia, 24 eoceena, 23, 24 Krepelin, Prof. Dr. Karl, 2 kraussi, Cichlasoma, 344 Krishkoff, M., 1 kronei, Typhobagrus, 323, 326, 327 Kronichthys subteres, 321 Kummel, Henry B., 44, 48 lacustris, Crenicichla, 346, 351 Rutilus, 86 Lama, 270 Si- lamellosum, Orthidium, 215, 248, 249, 258 Lampetra cibaria, 206 lapidifera, Retroculus, 323 lapidifer, Retroculus, 357 Larus atricilla, 390, 447 lasallense, Orthoceras, 156 lateralis, Artedius, I90, 210 Teeniotoca, 209 Tettigidea, 123, 126, 133 lateristriga, Pimelodella, 316, 323, 325 var. kronei, Pimelodella, 325 latifrons, Stelgidonotus, 187, 210 Xeneretmus, 194, 211 latimarginata, Eurychilina, 255 latipinnis, Zaniolepis, 209 lenok, Brachymystax, 81 Salmo, 81 lenticulata, Crenicichla, 356 Leperditia canadensis, 254 fabulites, 253 limatula, 253 nana, 254 Lepidogobius lepidus, 211 Lepidopsetta bilineata, 204, 213 umbrosa, 205 Lepidosiren, 293 lepidota, Crenicichla, 246-351 lepidus, Lepidogobius, 211 Leptaceratherium, 275 Leptzena, 215 fasciata, 230 incrassata, 215, 230-232, 257 Leptocottus armatus, 210 Lethotremus vinolentus, 211 leucichthys, Stenodus, 82 Leuciscus leuciscus, 86 leucocephala bahamensis, Amazona, 390, 417, 418, 451 caymanensis, Amazona, 418 Columba, 390, 416, 450 leucogastra, Sula, 391, 442 jleucopheea, Calidris, 448 levis, Bathyurus, 42 lherminieri, Puffinus, 390, 442 Lichadide, 72 Lichas hibernicus, 72 Lightbourne, Charles, 397, 407 Miss Mary, 407 limatula, Leperditia, 253 limbatus, Bumastus, 71 limitaris, Lingula, 216 lineata, Scaria, 140, I4I lineatus, Amphilichas, 72, 73 Lophotettix, 137 Lingula belli, 216 brainerdi, 216, 219, 256 columba, 217, 256 huronensis, 216, 219 limitaris, 216 lyelli, 217, 256 umbonata, 154 Lingulide, 215, 216 Liparide, 196 Liparidide, 211 Liparis callyodon, 196, 211 cyclopus, 197, 211 dennyi, 196, 198, 211 flore, 211 fucensis, 198 greenii, 211 mucosus, 197 pulchellus, 198, 211 lobata, Otumba, I10, III lobulatus, Prototettix, 122 Tettix, 122 Localities at which John D. Haseman collected fishes in Central South America. By Dr. C. H. Eigenmann, 2909-314 longicostatus, Diplomystus, 23, 27, 29 Ellipes, 27, 29 478 longipes, Oxydactylus, 261-265, 270 longirostris, Camarella, 249-251, 259 Oxydactylus, 260, 263 Rallus, 413 longispinus, Bathyurus, 46-48, 59 Loomis, F. B., 267, 274 Lophiosilurus alexandri, 316, 317, 318 Lophophyllum profundum, 147, 154, 157¢ 158 Lophoscirtus, 93, 138 gracilis, 139 Lophotettix, 92 lineatus, 137 joricula, Orthis, 240 Lowell, Dr. A. Lawrence, 281 Loxonema plicatum, 156 scitulum, 156 Lucas his AS, 07 Lucius estor, 86 reicherti, 86 lugubris, Crenicichla, 356 eT Se eR: 2077 Lumpenus anguillaris, 200, 212 lunatus, Goniatites, 156 liitkeni, Platystoma, 321 Paulacea, 321 lutosa, Metrodora, 109 Lycodes brevipes, 201, 202, 212 digitatus, 202 palearis, 201, 212 Lycodopsis pacificus, 201, 212 Lyconectes aleutensis, 201, 212 lyelli, Lingula, 217, 256 Lyopsetta exilis, 203, 212 lyrura, Nesophlox, 391, 392, 423, 455 macellus, Triglops, 187, 210 Maclurites magnus, 234 macrocephalus, Gadus, 212 “Macrodon, obsoletus, 155 sangamonensis, 155 tenuistriatus, IS5 macrops, Nileus, 69 macrophthalma, Crenicichla, 353, 354 Macrorhamphus griseus griseus, 448 macroura, Zenaidura, 390 macularia, Actitis, 449 maculata, Crenicara, 344 Scaria, 140, I41 maculatus, Notorhynchus, 207 maculosus, Oligocottus, 192, 210 magistralis, Scabrotettix, 113, 144 magnus, Maclurites, 234 major, Camarotechia, 226, 257 malabaricus, Hoplias, 315, 375 Malacocottus kincaidi, 210 maliger, Sebastodes, 209 ma!ma, Salvelinus, 208 INDEX. 427, 457 marginalis, Asaphus, 41, 62 Basilicus, 58, 62, 63, 78, 79 marginatus, Brosmophycis, 212 Marginifera wabashensis, 146, 155 Marila marila, 445 marmoratus, Scorpenichthys, I9I, 210 Martin, Purple, 458 Mascalongus, 86 mawsoni, Chiromystus, 33 maxima, Sterna, 390, 447 maximus, Isotelus, 55, 56 maynardi, Geothlypis, 438 meanyi, Ruscarius, 210 medialis, Tettigidea, 123 medirostris, Acipenser, 207 meekanum, Dentalium, 155 Megalaspides, 38, 61 Megalaspis, 38, 61 melanoleucus, Totanus, 448 melanops, Sebastodes, 178, 209 melanostictus, Psettichthys, 212 melanostomus, Sebastodes, 178 Membracis rhombea, 94 menapiensis, Niobe, 41 Merluccide, 212 Merluccius productus, 212 Merriam, John P., 24 mesolobus, Chonetes, 144, 146, 150, 154, 156 Metacoceras sangamonense, Metalichas cicatricosus, 72 Metrodora, 91 lutosa, 109 rana, 109 spinifrons, III Metrodorine, 90, 96 mexicana, Composita, 152 mexicanus, Himantopus, 390, 447 microcephalus, Somniosus, 207 Microgadus proximus, 202, 203, 212 tomcod, 202 Micronotus, 92 asperulus, 120 caudatus, I21 hancocki, 119 quadriundulata, 120 microstoma, Thymallus, 83 Microstomus pacificus, 206, 213 Malocystites emmonsi, 224 murchisoni, 224 Mammals, On the Occurrence of Fossil Remains of, 19 Mandy-tinga, 325 Man-o’-war-bird, 402, 443 marcapata, Otumba, I10, 112, 113 marcouana, Bucanopsis, 146, 155 Margarops fuscatus fuscatus, 391-393, 56 aa INDEX. Miller, Waldron DeWitt, 395 Mimocichla plumbea, 391, 302, 427, 457 Mimus gundlachii gundlachii, 390, 426, 457 gundlachii bahamensis, 426 polyglottos dominicus, 425 polyglottos elegans, 425 polyglottos orpheus, 391, 392 polyglottos polyglottos, 391, 425, 426, 456 minganensis, Amphilichas, 72, 73, 79 minor, Camarella, 227 maynardi, Coccyzus, 390, 420, 453 nesiotes, Coccyzus, 420 Sclerotettix, 105, 106, 109 minutilla, Pisobia, 413, 448 Miquel, Jean, 40 mirabilis, Gillichthys, 211 mirini, Imparfinis, 318 miserabilis, Tetrix, 122 missouriensis, Cardiomorpha, 149, Endobulus, 156 Orbiculoidea, 154 Mitraria producta, 118 Mitritettix, 91 productus, 118 Mniotilta varia, 431, 460 Mockingbird, 456 Antillean, 403, 456 Gundlach, 457 modesta, Crania, 154 Zygospira, 228 Mogilansky, M., 1 Molluscoidea, 216 montfortianum, Patellostium, 146, 155 monticola, Asaphellus, 40, 45 mordax, Engraulis, 207 Moreira, Dr. Carlos, 287 moreirai, Rhamdiopsis, 375 mormoni, Hustedia, 155 Mounted skeleton of Diceratherium cooki Peterson. By O. A. Peterson, 274-279 Mounted skeleton of Stenomylus hitch- cocki, the Stenomylus Quarry, and remarks upon the affinities of the genus. By O. A. Peterson, 267-273. mucosum, Xiphidion, 200, 212 mucosus, Liparis, 197 mucronata, Batrachidea, T41, 143 Tetrix, 141 mucronatum, Acridium, 141 multicosta, Syntrophia, 247 multicostata, Tettigidea, 127, 136, 137 multicostus, Clitambonites, 215, 247, 248, 258 munda, Orbiculoidea, 151 murchisoni, Malocystites, 224 479 Murchisonia terebra, 155 Myctophide, 208 Myctophum californiense, 208 Myiarchus sagre, 424 sagre lucaysiensis, 390, 394, 424, 456 mykiss, Salmo, 208 Myloleucus, 86 Myoxocephalus polyacanthocephalus, 190, 210 mystes, Sebastodes, 209 Nacula ventricosa, 155 Naculana bellistriata, 155 nana, Leperditia, 254 nanus, Productus, 144, 154 Naosaurus raymondi, 147 Narraway, J. E., 46, 74 narrawayi, Ceratocephala, 73, 79 nassa, Acaropsis, 331 Naticopsis altonensis, 144, 150 torta, 144, 155, 157 Natterer, John, 284 Nautichthys oculofasciatus, 192, 210 nebrascensis, Productus, 154 nebulosus, Sebastodes, 209 neiderlini, Cichla, 331 nelma, Salmo, 82 Nemichthyide, 207 Nemichthys avocetta, 207 Neotremata, The, 215, 228 Nephele gracilis, 119 turgida, IOI unicristata, IOI nephelus, Pleuronichthys, 213 nerka, Onchorhynchus, 208 Nesophlox bryante, 393 evelyne, 391, 394, 423, 455 lyrura, 391, 392, 423, 455 nevadensis, Amphion, 76 nicarague brevis, Tettigidea, 125, 128 Tettigidea, 125, 128 nicholsi, Gobius, 211 nickelesi, Rhombopora, 154 Nighthawk, Bahama, 455 Nieszkowskia, 76, 79, 80 nigra, Tettigidea, 125 nigrocinctus, Sehastodes, 209 nikolskyi, Thymallus, 83 var. ongudajensis, Thymallus, 84 Nileus, 38, 43, 61 armadillo, 70 macrops, 69 palpebrosus, 70 perkinsi, 69, 79 scrutator, 69 vigilans, 69, 70 | nilotica, Gelochelidon, 390 480 INDEX, Niobe, 61 insignis, 37 menapiensis, 41 solvensis, 41 Niobiform suture, 37 nitidula, Bulimorpha, 155 nobilis, Cynoscion, 209 nodostriatus, Asaphus, 46 northropi, Icterus, 391, 393, 394, 439, 463 notabilis, Amorphopus, 97 notacanthoides, Potamalosa, 25 notata, Batrachidea, I41, 142 notatus, Porichthys, 211 Notes on a Collection of Fishes made by James Francis Abbott at Irkutsk, Siberia. By David Starr Jordan and William Francis Thompson, 81-88 Notes on Ordovician Trilobites. IT. Asaphide from the Beekmantown. By Percy E. Raymond, 35-45. Notes on Ordovician Trilobites. III. Asaphide from the Lowville and Black River. By Percy E. Raymond and J. E. Narraway, 46-59. Notes on Ordovician Trilobites. IV. New and Old Species from the Chazy. By Percy E, Raymond, 60-80. Notorhynchus maculatus, 207 nove-hollandiz, Clupea, 25 noveboracensis notabilis, Seiurus, 437, | 462 Nucula ventricosa, 149 Nyctanassa violacea, 390, 41I, 445 nycticorax nevius, Nycticorax, 390, 4II, 445 Nycticorax nycticorax nevius, 390, 411, 445 nyeanus bahamensis, Centurus, 391, 392, 423 blakei, Centurus, 391, 392, 42I-— | 423, 454 | Centurus, 394 nyeanus, Centurus, 391, 392, 42I— 423, 454 Oberholser, Harry C., 395 oblongum, Cichlasoma, 240, 342 obsoletus, Macrodon, 155 obtusus, Asaphus, 64 Isotelus, 64 Onchometopus, 52, 64, 78 occidentale, Tainoceras, 147, 149, 156, 158 occidentalis, Cladodus, 156 Deltopecten, 155 Pelecanus, 390, 443 ocellaris, Cichla, 330 ocellata, Crenicichla, 345 ocellatus, Anarrhichthys, 212 Astronotus, 331, 332 zebra, Astronotus, 331 ochraceus, Vireo, 430 Ochthodromus wilsonius crassirostris, 416 rufinucha, 415 wilsonius, 390, 415, 449 | oculofasciatus, Nautichthys, 192, 210 Odontapyxis trispinosus, 211 Ogygia, 38, 47 corndensis, 38 desiderata, 38, 41 Ogygine, 61, 69 ohioénsis, Petalodus, 145-148, 156-158 Oldenburg, M., 1 Olenidez, 60 Oligocottus maculosus, I92, 210 rubellio, 192 Onchometopus, 37, 46, 51, 63 obtusus, 52, 64, 78 simplex, 51, 58, 64 suse, 52 volborthi, 63 Onchorhynchus keta, 208 kisutch, 207 nerka, 208 tschawytscha, 207 opercularis, Biotecus, 372 Ophiodon elongatus, 209 Opisthoparia, 60 orbicularis, Cheetobranchopsis, 330 Cleiothyridina, 155 orbiculatus, Astronotus 331 Orbiculoidea, 149 convexa, 154 missouriensis, 154 munda, I51 planodisca, 151, 154, 158 orbis, Eumicrotremus, 211 orientalis, Camarotechia, 223-226, 257 Rhynchonella, 223 Oriole, Northrop, 463 ornata, Crenicichla, 356 ornatus, Pholis, 199, 211 | Ornithological Works of John Gould, 161 Ornithology of the Bahama Islands, A Contribution to the. By W. E. C. Todd and W. W. Worthington, 388— 464 Ornithology of the Bahama Islands, Crit- ical Notes. By W. E. Clyde Todd, 407-442 Ornithology of Bahama Islands, Field Notes. By W.W. Worthington, 442- 464 ——- INDEX. Orthide, 215, 235 Orthidium lamellosum, 215, 248, 249, 258 Orthis acuminata, 246 acutiplicata, 236, 237, 258 bellarugosa, 245 borealis, 241 costalis, 216, 235, 237, 238, 258 deflecta, 239 disparalis, 236 gibbosa, 242 ignicula, 236, 237, 258 imperator, 243 loricula, 240 pectinella, 230 perveta, 242 piger, 247 platys, 238, 239 porcia, 248 sinuata, 239 subequata, 242 subquadrata, 239 Orthoceras lasallense, 156 rushense, 156 Ortmann, A. E., 160 ortmanni, Heterogramma, 359 Pimelodus, 379 Osborn, H. F., 275 osborni, Trigonias, 276, 278 Osgood, Wilfred A., 3905 Osmeroides insignis, 29 Osmerus thaleichthys, 208 Osprey, Bahama, 451 ottawaénsis, Porambonites, 227 Otumba, 91 basalis, I10, I12 dentata, I10, III lobata, I10, III marcapata, I10, II2, 113 peruviana, I10, III scapularis, 110, III spinifrons, I10, III ovata, Thaleops, 71 ovatus, Illz#nus, 71 Oven-bird, 462 Oxycottus acuticeps, 192 embryum, IOI, 210 Oxydactylus brachydontus, 261, 262 longipes, 261-265, 270 longirostris, 260, 263 Oxyechus vociferus rubidus, 391, 392, 414 vociferus, 449 Oxylebius pictus, 185, 209 Oyster-catcher, American, 449 pacificus, Lycodopsis, 201, 212 Microstomus, 206, 213 481 pacificus, Thaleichthys, 208 palearis, Lycodes, 201, 212 Paleontological Society of America, 159 Paleozoic Fossils of Canada, 47, 69 pallasi, Clupea, 207 Thymallus, 83 Pallasina aix, 194, 210 barbata, 194 palliatus, Haematopus, 390, 449 palmarum palmarum, Dendroica, 436, 461 Palometes, 297 palpebrosus, Nileus, 70 paludinzeformis, Soleniscus, 155 panderi, Camarella, 259 Pandion haliaétus ridgwayi, 390, 451 ridgwayi, 451 pappaterra, Geophagus, 370, 372 paradoxus, Psychrolutes, 193, 210 paraguayensis, A°quidens, 332, 335, 337 Paralepide, 208 Paralichas, 72 Parastrophia hemiplicata, 53 Paratettix borelli, 119 caudatus, 121 cayennensis, 117 cnemidotus, 97 gracilis, 119 peruvianus, I16 schochii, 118 simoni, I19 Parophrys vetulus, 204, 213 Parrot, Bahama, 451 parvipennis, Tettigidea, 123 pennata, Tettigidea, 123 parvula, Tettigidea, 123 parvum, Platyceras, 155 Passerculus sandwichensis savanna, 442, 464 Passer domesticus, 389 domesticus, 464 Passerina cyanea, 441, 464 passerina bahamensis, Chemepelia, 391, 416, 450 exigua, Chemepelia, 391, 392, 417, 450 pallescens, Chaeemepelia, 417 Patellostium montfortianum, 146, 155 patruus, Crimisus, 103, 104 Paulacea liitkeni, 321 Paurotarsus, 93, 143 amazonus, 142 rugosus, 142 pecosi, Rhipidomella, 148, 150, 154 pectinella, Orthis, 239 Pelecanus occidentalis, 390, 443 Pelican, Brown, 443 Pelidna alpina sakhalina, 448 482 INDEX. pentacanthus, Xeneretmus, 194, 195 peoriensis, Porcellia, 144, 156 Perca fluviatilis, 87 percarinatus, Bellerophon, 155 Percide, 87 peregrinus anatum, Falco, 451 perhumerosa, Pleurotomaria, 155 Perkins, George H., 60, 69 perkinsi, Nileus, 69, 70 Perner, Dr. J., 282 perplexa, Squamularia, 144, I50, 155, 156 personatus, Ammodytes, 208 pertenuis, Productus, 154 peruviana, Otumba, IIo, III Paratettix, 116 peruvianus, Allotettix, 115, 116 Paratettix, 116 perveta, Orthis, 242 Petalodus alleghaniensis, 145, 157 destructor, 157 ohioénsis, 145, 148, 156, 157, 158 Petchary, Bahama, 456 petechia flaviceps, Dendroica, 390, 394, | 432, 460 Peterson, O. A., A Mounted Skeleton of Diceratherium cooki Peterson, 274-279 A Mounted Skeleton of Stenomy- lus hitchcocki, the Stenomylus Quarry, and Remarks upon the | Affinities of the Genus, 267-372 | A New Camel from the Miocene | of Western Nebraska, 260-266 Petrocrania prona, 229, 257 ulrichi, 230 Petromyzonide, 206 Petrorania prona, 215 Pewee, Bahama Wood, 456 Phaéthon americanus, 390, 442 Phalacrocorax auritus floridanus, 391 vigua mexicanus, 391, 400, 443 Phanerodon furcatus, 209 Phanerotrema grayvillensis, 150, 155 pheeniceus bryanti, Agelaius, 391, 394, 439, 463 Phoenicopterus ruber, 390, 400, 443 Pholis ornatus, 199, 211 Phreatobius cisternarum, 322 Phyllotettix, 89 foliatus, 93 rhombeus, 94 westwoodi, 94 pictus, Oxylebius, 185, 209 pidschian, Coregonus, 82 Salmo, 82 Pigeon, White-crowned, 450 piger, Orthis, 247 Pimelodella lateristriga, 316, 323, 325 var. kronei, 325 transitoria, 316 Pimelodus ortmanni, 379 clarias, 380 pinniger, Sebastodes, 209 Pipa americana, 292 piperatus, Imparfinis, 318 Piracema, 293 Pirahyba, 294 Piranhas, 293, 294, 297 Pisobia minutilla, 413, 448 pityophila, Dendroica, 391, 392, 434, 461 Plesiomys platys, 238, 258 strophomenoides, 240 plagiata, tettigidea, 123 plagiatum, Choriphyllum, 94 Plagyodontide, 208 Plagyodus ferox, 208 planoconvexa, Amboccelia, 146-150, 155 planodisca, Orbiculoidea, 151, 154, 158 planus, Asaphellus, 41, 42 Tettigidea, 125, 128 Plates, Explanation of, 57-59, 156, 256-259 Platichthys stellatus, 213 Platyceras parvum 155 spinigerum, 155 platymarginatus, Isotelus, 65-67, 78, 79 Platymetopus, 72 Platypeltis, 38 Platysilurus, 320 barbatus, 320 platys, Orthis, 238, 239 Plesiomys, 238, 258 Platystoma liitkeni, 321 Platystomatichthys sturio, 320 Platytettix, 90 gibbinotus, 99 reticulatus, 99 uniformis, 99, 100 Platythorus, 90 camurus, 96 Plecostomus derbyi, 384 plecostomus, 384 plecostomus, Plecostomus, 384 Plectobranchus evides, 212 Plectorthis, 215 exfoliata, 235, 258 Plectronotus, 93 scaber, 139 Plegadis autumnalis, 445 plena, Atrypa, 221 Camarotechia, 221-226, 257 Rhynchonella, 221 Plesiotettix, 90 spinosa, 96 uncinatus, 96 72 INDEX. Pleuronectide, 203, 212 Pleuronichthys nephelus, 213 pleurotznia, Heterogramma, 361, 362 Pleurotomaria carbonaria, 145, 155, 157 granulostriata, 155 perhumerosa, 155 spironema, 144, 155 plicatum, Loxonema, 156 plicifera, Atrypa, 221 Pliomera, 75 Pliomera barrandei, 76 canadensis, 75, 76 fischeri, 75 pseudoreticulatus, 75 senilis, 76 Pliomerops canadensis, 79 Plover, Black-bellied, 449 Semipalmated, 402, 449 Wilson, 440 plumbea, Mimocichla, 391, 392, 427, 457 podiceps, Podilymbus, 390, 400, 442 Podilymbus podiceps, 390, 400, 442 Podothecus acipenserinus, 210 Poébrotherium, 261, 271 Peecilonetta bahamensis, 390, 4II, 445 polcur, Coregonus, 82 Salmo, 82 Polioptila cerulea cerulea, 390, 427, 457 cesiogaster, 427 Pollachius, 203 polyacanthocephalus, 190, 210 polyglottos dominicus, Mimus, 425 orpheus, Mimus, 301, 392, 425 polyglottos, Mimus, 391, 425, 426, 456 polymorpha, Tettigidea, 123 Poor, Henry, 162 Porambonites ottawaénsis, 227 Porambonitide, 215, 249 Porcellia peoriensis, 144, 156 porcia, Clitambonites, 248, 258 Orthis, 248 Porichthys notatus, 211 portalegrensis, 4quidens, 333, 334 Porzana carolina, 413, 447 Potamalosa notacanthoides, 25 Potter, Julian, 397 pratincola pratincola, Aluco, 390 Preliminary List of the Fauna of the Allegheny and Conemaugh Series in Western Pennsylvania. By Percy E. Raymond, 144-158 Prentice, Sydney, 46, 216 pretiosus, Hypomesus, 177, 208 prima, Cybele, 75 primogenia, Sphzrodoma, 145, 155, 157 Stylifer, 145 Myoxocephalus, | 483 primus, Glaphurus, 75 Prionace glauca, 207 prisca, Strophomena, 234, 257 pristina, Camarotechia, 215, 220, 225, 226, 257 Procamelus elrodi, 261, 264 Prochilodus, 295 producta, Mitraria, 118 Scaria, 140 Productus cora, 149, 154 nanus, 144, 154 nebrascensis, 154 pertenuis, 154 punctatus, 154 semireticulatus, 140, 154 productus, Merluccius, 212 Mitritettix, 118 profundum, Lophophyllum, 147, 154, qifri5, atts} Progne subis subis, 458 prolongatus, Allotettix, 115, 118 prona, Crania, 229 Petrocrania, 229, 257 Petrorania, 215 proops, Pygidium, 381 Proparia, 75 prorsa, Tettigidea, 124, 127 elongata, Tettigidea, 124 prosthemelas, Icterus, 393 Protettix, 92 ° proteus, Crenicichla, 351 Protorhyncha dubia, 226 ridleyana, 227 Prototettix fossulatus, 122 lobulatus, 122 Protremata, 215, 230 Protylopus,271 proximus, Apotettix, 122 Microgadus, 202, 203, 212 Psettichthys melanostictus, 212 Pseudasaphus, 62 pseudoarticulatus, Amphion, 76 Pseudomonotis hawni, 155 pseudoreticulatus, Pliomerops, 75 Pseudospherexochus, 80 vulcanus, 77 psittacum, Cichlasoma, 343 Psychrolutes paradoxus, 193, 210 Pterochiton, 153 Pterophyllum altum, 372, 373 scalare, 372, 373 Ptychocheilus, 38 Ptychopyge, 37, 62 angustifrons, 49, 50 jerseyensis, 47, 48 romingeri, 49 ulrichi, 49, 50 Puffinus lIherminieri, 390, 442 484 Puget Sound Marine Station, 162 pugetensis, Chitonotus, 187 Pugnax utah, 148, 150, 155, 158 Puiggaria, 93, 143 pulchella, Tettigidea, 125, 129, 135 pulchellus, Liparis, 198, 211 punctatus, Productus, 154 punctulata, Crenicara, 344, 345 Crenicichla, 345 purpurascens, Tetrix, 125 pusilla, Clupea, 23, 24 Sitta, 391, 394 pusillus, Ereunetes, 448 pustulatus, Glaphurus, 74, 79 Pygidiide, 293, 294, 296, 315, 327 Pygidium, Description of a new species | of. By Carl H. Eigenmann, 214 Pygidium amazonicum, 322 barbouri, 214 davisi, 380 proops, 381 Pyrrhulagra violacea affinis, 441 violacea, 390, 392, 441, 464 quadratus, Ulenurus, 43, 44 quadricornis, Hypsagonus, 193, 210 quadriundulata, Micronotus, 120 quadriundulatus, Tettix, 121 quelen, Rhamdia, 327 Quietula y-cauda, 211 radians, Caphyra, 61 Radulinus asprellus 185, 186, 210 boleoides, 186, 210 Rafinesquina, 215 champlainensis, 233 distans, 234, 257 fasciata, 230 raii, Brama, 209 Rail, Bahama Clapper, 402, 404, 446 Sora, 403, 447 Raja binoculata, 165, 168, 170, 171, 175, 207 inornata, 165, 168, kincaidi, 175 rhina, 164-167, 1’71-173,175,176,207 stellulata, 169, 174-176, 207 Rajide, 164, 207 Rallus crepitans coryi, 390, 412, 446 crepitans, 412, 413 waynei, 412, 413 longirostris. 413 rana, Metrodora, 109 Raymond, Percy E., Brachiopoda and £70; 71, 074 Ostracoda of the Chazy, 215-259 | Notes on Ordovician Trilobites. II. Asaphide from the Beekman- town, 35-45 INDEX. Raymond, Percy E., Notes on Ordovician Trilobites. IV. New and Old Species from the Chazy, 60-80 Preliminary List of the Fauna of the Allegheny and Conemaugh Series in Western Pennsylvania, I44-158 Raymond, Percy E., and J. E. Narra- way, Notes on Ordovician Trilo- bites. III. Asaphide of the Low- ville and Black River, 46-59 raymondi, Naosaurus, 147 Redstart, American, 462 Red-wing, Bahama, 463 Reh, Dr. Ludwig, 2 reicherti var. baicalensis, Esox, 86 Lucius, 86 remex, Strophostylus, 144, 156 Remopleurides canadensis, 60 salteri var. girvanensis, 60 Results of an Ichthyological Survey about the San Juan Islands, Wash- ington. By Edwin Chapin Starks, 162-213 reticulata, Crenicichla, 345 Reticulated Giraffe, 161 reticulatus, Platytettix, 99 Retroculus lapidifer, 323, 357 rex-salmonorum, Trachypterus, 212 Rhacolepis, 18 Rhamdia branneri, 377 branneri voulezi, 378 quelen, 327 Rhamdiaglanis frenatus, 318 Rhamdioglanus, 383 Rhamdiopsis moreirai, 375 Rhamphocottide, 193, 210 Rhamphocottus richardsoni, 193, 210 ribeiroi, Glanidium, 381 rhina, Raja, 164-167, 171-176, 207 Rhipidomella pecosi, 148, 150, 154 rhombea, Membracis, 94 rhombeum, Acridium, 94 Choriphyllum, 94 rhombeus, Phyllotettix, 94 Rhombopora nickelesi, 154 Rhombus simillimus, 208 rhodorus, Ascelichthys, 210 Rhynchonella acutirostris, 226, 227 dubia, 226 orientalis, 223 plena, 221 Rhynchonellide, 215, 219 Rhynchotrema congregata, 220 ineequivalve, 220 riacensis, Ellipes, 27, 28 Riccordia ricordii, 392, 394 eneoviridis, 391, 423, 455 INDEX. Riccordia ricordii bracei, 391, 424 richardsoni, Rhamphocottus, 193, 210 Richmond, Charles W., 395 ricordii eneoviridis, Riccordia, 391, 423, 455 bracei, Riccordia, 391, 424 Riccordia, 392, 304 Ridgway, Robert, 395 ridgwayi, Pandion, 451 ridleyana, Protorhyncha, 227 Rigby, C. G., 404, 407 Riley, Joseph H., 380, 395, 407 Riparia riparia, 459 ritense, Heterogramma, 362 rivulata, A©quidens, 339 robusta, Derbya, 158 rockymontanus, Spirifer, 144, 155, 156 romingeri, Asaphus, 49 Basilicus, 46, 49, 51, 58 Ptychopyge, 49 Ronquilus jordani, 198, 211 rostrata coryi, Geothlypis, 391 Geothlypis, 393 rostrata, Geothlypis, 391, 438, 462 tanneri, Geothlypis, 391, 438, 462 rotulus, Anomphalus, 156 rubellio, Oligocottus, 192 ruber, Phcenicopterus, 390, 409, 443 ruberrimus, Sebastodes, 209 rufescens, Dichromanassa, 390, 409, 444 rugosus, Bunocephalus, 321 Paurotarsus, 142 rupestre, Xiphidion, 200, 212 Ruscarius meanyi, 210 rushense, Orthoceras, 156 ruticilla, Setophaga, 462 Rutilus lacustris, 86 rutilus, 86 rutilus, Astyanax, 315 sagre lucaysiensis, Myiarchus, 390, 394, 424, 456 Myiarchus, 424 sagrai, Choriphyllum, 94 Chorophylium, 94 Salminus affinis, 321 hilarii, 321 Salmo arcticus, 83 coregonoides, 81 digitalis, 83 gairdneri, 208 lenok, 81 mykiss, 208 nelma, 82 pidschian, 82 polcur, 82 shokur, 82 Salmonidz, 81, 207 485 Salmon, Provisional Notes on the Eu- rasian, 84 salteri var. girvanensis, Remopleurides, 60 Salvelinus malma, 208 Sanderling, 448 Sandpiper, Least, 448 Red-backed, 448 Semipalmated, 448 Solitary, 448 Spotted, 440 sandvicensis acuflavida, Sterna, 390 sandwichensis savanna, Passerculus, 442, 464 Sandy Sprat, 25 sangamonense, Metacoceras, 156 sangamonensis, Macrodon, 155 santaremensis, Crenicichla, 353 sapayensis, A¢quidens, 339 sapidissima, Alosa, 207 Sarda chilensis, 208 Sardinella, 28 Sargent, Charles, 401, 407 Satanoperca, 366 Saurothera bahamansis, 392, 394 andria, 39I, 419, 420, 453 bahamensis, 391, 419, 420, 453 saussurei, Choriphyllum, 94, 95 saxatilis, Crenicichla, 350, 351 lucius, Crenicichla, 351 saxicola, Sebastodes, 179, 180 saxosa, Cota, 95 scaber, Plectronotus, 139 scabrosus, Scabrotettix, 113, I14 Scabrotettix, 91 acutilobus, I14 amazonus, II4 bolivianus, 114 extensus, II4 magistralis, 113, 114 scabrosus, I13, I14 scalare, Pterophyllum, 372, 373 scapularis, Otumba, I10, III Scaria, 93 hamata, 140 lineata, 140, I4I maculata, 140, 141 producta, 140 Schaffer, Dr. F. X., 281 Schizambon duplicimuratus, 215, 228, 257 Schizodus cuneatus, 155 Schmidt, O., 229 Schmidtella crassimarginata, 256 schochi, Clypeotettix, 118 Paratettix, 118 Schuchert, Professor Charles, 216 486 scitula, Griffithides, 156 scitulum, Loxonema, 156 Sclenidz,209 Sclerotettix, 91 abbreviatus, 105 infuscatus, 105, 107 minor, 105, 106, 109 tibialis, 105-107 variegatus, 105, 107 Scofield, Launce, 162 Scomber japonicus, 208 Scombride, 208 Scombroclupea, 32 scutata, 30, 32 Scorpenichthys marmoratus, I9QI, 210 Scorpenide, 178, 209 scotti, Batrachops, 347 scymnophilus, Geophagus, 323 scrutator, Nileus, 69 scudderi, Tettigidea, 124, 128 scutata, Scombroclupea, 30, 32 Scylliorhinidez, 207 Scytalina, cerdale, 212 Scytalinide, 212 Sebastodes, 162 auriculatus, 209 caurinus, I8I, 200 clavilatus, 181, 183, 184, 209 deani, 178, 179, 209 empheus, 182, 209 introniger, 178, 209 . maliger, 209 melanops, 178, 209 melanostomus, 178 mystes, 200 nebulosus, 209 nigrocinctus, 209 ruberrimus, 209 Seiurus aurocapillus, 391, 437 noveboracensis notabilis, 437, 462 sellatus, Thymallus, 84 semifasciata, Crenicichla, 345 semifasciatus, Chetobranchus, 330 semipalmata, A®gialitis, 414, 449 semipalmatus semipalmatus, trophorus, 390 semireticulatus, Productus, 149, 154 senilis, Amphion, 76 Pliomerops, 76 Septopora biserialis, 154, 156, 157 serrata, Chiriquia, 99 Serrisalmonine, 293 setiger, Dasycottus, 192, 210 Setophaga ruticilla, 462 severum, Cichlasoma, 343 sevillensis, Thamniscus, 154 Shearwater, Antillean, 442 Shimada, Sekko, 23 Catop- INDEX. shokur, Salmo, 82 sibiricus, Cottus, 87 sicardi, Symphysurus, 43, 44, 45 sigalutes, Gilbertidia, 193, 210 silenus, Zaprora, 209 simillimus, Rhombus, 208 Simon, Fleciano, 346 simoni, Crenicichla, 345 Paratettix, 119 simplex, Glaphurochiton, 153, 156-158 Onchoimetopus, 51, 58, 64 sinuata, Orthis, 239 Siphonotretide, 228 Sitta pusilla, 391, 394 Sjdstedt, Prof. Dr. Yngve, 2 Smith, H. H., 89 Snipe, Red-breasted, 448 Wilson, 447 snyderi, Dilarchus, 192 sol, Cheirurus, 77, 78 Heliomera, 77, 79 Solenisci, 146 Soleniscus fusiformis, 155, 156 paludinzeformis, 155 ventricosus, 155 Solenocheilus, 146 collectus, 156 solitarius solitarius, 448 solobus, Chonetesme, 150 solvensis, Niobe, 41 Somniosus microcephalus, 207 sordidus, Citharichthys, 212 : South America, Expeditions in, 284 South American Tetrigide. By Law- rence Bruner, 89-143 Sparrow, European House, 464 Savannah, 464 Sparrow-Hawk, American, 451 eparverius sparverius, Falco, 451 spectabilis, Cichlasoma, 243, 244 Spindalis, Abaco, 464 Black-backed, 463 Speotyto cunicularia bahamensis, 391, 302 cunicularia cavicola, 391 Spherocoryphe goodnovi, 78, 79 Spherodoma primogenia, 145, 155, 157 texana, 156 Spherodome, 146 Sphyrena argentea, 208 Sphyrapicus varius varius, 421, 454 Sphyrnidz, 208 Spindalis benedicti, 393 zena stegnegeri, 440 zena townsendi, 391, 440, 464 zena zena, 391, 440, 464 Spindalis, Black-backed, 308 Helodromas, 413, INDEX. spicata, Tettigidea, 125 spinifrons, Metrodora, III Otumba, I10, III Tetrix, III spiniger, Acidaspis, 48 Bathyurus, 48, 58 spinigerum, Platyceras, 155 spinosa, Jacana, 450 Plesiotettix, 96 Spiriferacea, 227 Spirifer cameratus, 155 rockymontanus, 144, I55, 156 Spiriferina kentuckiensis, 155 spironema, Pleurotomaria, 144, 155 Spoonbill, Roseate, 402, 445 spratellides, Hyperlophus, 25 Squalide, 207 Squalus sucklii, 207 Squamularia perplexa, 144, 150, 155, 156 Squatarola squatarola, 414, 449 Starks, Edwin Chapin, Results of an Ichthyological Survey about the San Juan Islands, Washington, 162-213 Stegophilus, 315 Steinbach, Jose, 4 Stelgidonotus latifrons, 187, 210 stellatus, Platichthys, 213 stelleri, Hexagrammos, 184, 185, 209 stellulata, Raja, 169, 174-176, 207 Stenoderus, 92 Stenodorus extenuatus, 120 Stenodus leucichthys, 82 stenofrons, Teredorus, 118 Stenomyline, 272 Stenomylus gracilis, 272, 273 Stenomylus hitchcocki, Mounted skele- ton of, 267 Sterki Collection of shells, 161 Sterna anztheta, 390 antillarum, 390 dougalli, 390 fuscata, 390, 447 maxima, 391, 447 sandvicensis acuflavida, 390 stevensanus, Bellerophon, 155 stewarti, Heptapterus, 376 stigmeus, Citharichthys, 204, 213 Stilt, Black-necked, 447 Swallow, Bahama, 406, 459 Bank, 459 Barn, 459 stolidus stolidus, Anous, 390 Stone, Witmer, 329 Stone Reefs of Brazil, 22 striata, Dendroica, 460 striatulus, Caphyra, 61 strigata, Crenicichla, 355 Stromateidz, 208 487 Strophomena fasciata, 230 incrassata, 230 prisca, 234, 257 Strophomenide, 215, 230 strophomenoides, Plesiomys, 240 Valcourea, 240, 258 Strophostylus remex, 144, 156 strumosa, Cota, 95 sturio, Platystomatichthys, 320 Stylifer primogenia, 145 subaptera, Tettigidea, 126, 127, 134, 135 subcuneatum, Allorisma, 149, 155, 158 subequata, Orthis, 242 subis subis, Progne, 458 subocularis, A2quidens, 338 subquadrata, Orthis, 239 subteres, Kronichthys, 321 subtilita, Composita, 152, 155 sucklii, Squalus, 207 Sula cyanops, 391 leucogastra, 391, 442 superciliaris, Centurus, 392, 421, 422 superciliosus, Hexagrammos, 184, 209 surinamensis, Geophagus, 315, 362 suse, Asaphus, 64 Onchometopus, 52 swani, Bothragonus, 210 Swantonia, 227 Symphysodon equifasciatus, 372 discus, 372 Symphysurus, 38, 61 convexus, 42, 43, 45 sicardi, 43-45 Syngnathide, 177, 208 Syngnathus californiensis, 177 griseolineatus, 177, 208 Syntrophia multicosta, 247 syspilus, Acara, 335 AEquidens, 335 tabulata, Turbo, 145 Worthenia, 145, 146, 150, 155, 157 Tachysurus, 296 tenia, Pygidium, 381 teniatum, Heterogramma, 357, 359 Teeniotoca lateralis, 209 Tainoceras occidentale, 147, 149, 156,158 Tarandichthys filamentosus, 210 Tarletonbeania crenularia, 208 tecta, Tettigidea, 124 Telotremata, 219 temensis, Cichla, 331 temporale, Cichlasoma, 342, 343 tenuistriatus, Macrodon, 155 Temnocheilus crassus, 156 winslowi, 156 terebra, Murchisonia, 155 Teredorus, 91 488 Teredorus stenofrons, 118 Tern, Royal, 447 Sooty, 447 Terry, Wm. A., 16 testudo, Amorphopus, 97 tetradactylum, Aceratherium, 278 tetramerus, A‘quidens, 332, 334, 335 Tetrigine, 91, 118 Tetrix, 92, I19 cnemidotus, 97 gracilis, 120 miserabilis, 122 mucronata, I4I purpurascens, 125 spinifrons, III Tettigidea, 92, 137, 138 acuta, 126 annulipes, 124 apiculata, 126 arcuata, 126, 135 armata, 126 armata depressa, 126 australis, 126, 132 bruneri, 124 chapadensis, 125, 130, 135 chichimeca, 124 chichimeca australis, 124 corrugata, 127, 136 costalis, 126, 133 cuspidata, 125, 128 gracilicornis, 125 gracilis, 139 guatemalica, 124 hancocki, 126, 131 imperfecta, 128 intermedia, 126, 132 jalapa, 125 lateralis, 123, 126, 131, 133 medialis, 123 multicostata, 127, 136, 137 nicarague, 128 nicarague brevis, 128 nicaraguas, 125 nicaraguas brevis, 125 nigra, 125 parvipennis, 123 parvipennis pennata, 123 parvula, 123 plagiata, 123 planus, 125, 128 polymorpha, 123 prorsa, I24, 127 prorsa elongata, 124 pulchella, 125, 129, 135 scudderi, 124, 128 spicata, 125 subaptera, 126,127, 134, 135 tecta, 124 INDEX. Tettigidea trinitatis, 125, 131 Tettix, 119 bispina, 95 caudatus, I21 gracilis, 120 hamatus, 140 lobulatus, 122 quadriundulatus, 121 texana, Sphzerodoma, 156 Thaleichthys pacificus, 208 thaleichthys, Osmerus, 208 Thaleops arctura, 71 ovata, 7I Thamniscus sevillensis, 154 thayeri, A®@quidens, 335 Theragra fucensis, 202, 203,/212 Thrasher, Pearly-eyed, 402, 404,457 Thrush, Bahama, 308, 457 Grinnell Water, 462 Thymallide, 83 Thymallus arcticus, 83-85 arcticus baicalensis, 85 baicalensis, 83-85 grubei, 83, 84 grubei var. baicalensis, 83 microstoma, 83 nikolskyi, 83 nikolskyi var. ongudajensis, 84 pallasi, 83, 85 sellatus, 84 Tiaris bicolor bicolor, 390, 393, 442, 464 tibialis, Sclerotettix, 105, 106, 107 tigrina, Dendroica, 431, 460 Timbo, 295 Tippelkirch’s Giraffe, 161 Todd, W. E. C., and W. W. Worthing- ton, A Contribution to the Ornithol- ogy of the Bahama Islands, 388—464 4 Tolmarchus bahamensis, 302, 424, 456 tomcod, Microgadus, 202 torquium, Campophyllum, 144, 154 torta, Naticopsis, 144, 155, 157 Totanus melanoleucus, 448 flavipes, 448 Trachydomia wheeleri, 144, 150, I55, 150 Trachypteride, 212 Trachypterus rex-salmonorum, 212 transfasciatus, Imparfinis, 318 transitoria, Pimelodella, 316 transmontanus, Acipenser, 207 trentonensis, Cyphaspis, 46 Trepospira illinoisensis, 155. 157 triacanthus, Xeneretmus, 211 triangulatus, Asaphus, 52 tricenaria, Orthis, 236 Triceratops, 2 trichas, Geothlypis, 393 INDEX. trichas trichas, Geothlypis, 437, 462 tricolor ruficollis, Hydranassa, 390, 400, 444 tridactylum, Aceratherium, 276-278 tridentatus, Entosphenus, 206 trifasciatum, Heterogramma, 360 maciliense, Heterogramma, 360 Triglops beani, 210 macellus, 187, 210 Trigonias osborni, 276, 278 Trigonofemora, 91, II3 Trilobita, 60 Trilobites of the Chazy Limestone, 60 Lower Paleozoic of the Girvan District, 61 Notes on Ordovician, 35—45, 40-59, 60-80 trinitatis, Tettigidea, 125, I31 trispinosus. Odontapyxis, 211 Tropic-bird, Yellow-billed, 442 tschawytscha, Onchorhynchus, 207 Tschernyschew, M. Th., 1 Turbo insectus, 145 tabulata, 145 turgida, Gladiotettix, IoI, 103 Nephele, ror Turnstone, 449 Twenhofel, W. H., 257 Typhobagrus kronei, 323, 326, 327 Tyrannus cubensis, 391, 392 dominicensis dominicensis, 424, 456 tyrannus, Basilicus, 49, 62 399, Uaru amphiacanthoides, 331 imperialis, 331 Wirich, Drs E-O:;, 17 ulrichana, Gerasaphes, 55, 63 ulrichi, Petrocrania, 230 Ptychopyge, 49, 50 ulve, Xiphistes, 200 umbonata, Lingula, 154 uncinatus, Plesiotettix, 96 unicristata, Gladiotettix, 101, 103 Nephele, 1o1 uniformis, Platytettix, 99, 100 University of Kansas, Department of ZoGdlogy, 162 utah, Pugnax, 148, 150, 155, 156 Valcourea, 239 strophomenoides, 240, 258 valcourensis, Cybele, 75 Vandellia, 315 varia, Mniotilta, 431, 460 variabilis, Agassizodus, 156 varians, Camarella, 215, 250, 259 varica, Astartella, 144, 155 489 variegatus, Sclerotettix, 105, 107 varius varius, Sphyrapicus, 421, 454 velox, Accipiter, 451 ventricosa, Nucula, 149, 155 ventricosus, Soleniscus, 145 vera, Astartella, 146, 155, 157 vermivorus, Helmitheros, 431, 460 verneuilanus, Chonetes, 148, 154, 156 vetulus, Parophrys, 204, 213 vigilans, Nileus, 69, 70 vigorsii achrustera, Dendroica, 391, 435, 461 vigua mexicanus, Phalacrocorax, 391, 409, 443 villosus piger, Dryobates, 391, 421 maynardi, Dryobates, 391, 420, 453 vinolentus, Lethotremus, 211 violacea affinis, Pyrrhulagra, 441 Nyctanassa, 390, 411, 445 violacea, Pyrrhulagra, 390, 441, 464 Vireo alleni, 428, 430 carmioli, 430 crassirostris, 303, 394, 428, 429 crassirostris, 390, 428, 458 flavescens, 428—430 griseus griseus, 428, 458 gundlachii, 430 ochraceus, 393, 430 Vireosylva calidris barbatula, 390, 428, 458 Vireo, Black-whiskered, 458 Thick-billed, 398, 403, 458 White-eyed, 458 virescens bahamensis, Butorides, 390, 410 virgatus, Delolepis, 212 virginianus floridanus, Colinus, 3809, 411 vicinus, Chordeiles, 390, 455 vittata, A/quidens, 334, 335 Crenicichla, 346, 353, 355 Vogdes, Brig. Gen. A. W., 71 Vogdesia, 61, 71 bearsi, 70, 79 volborthi, Camarella, 252 Onchometopus, 63 vulcanus, Pseudospherexochus, 77 vulgaris, Hebertella, 215, 236, 238, 242, 243, 246, 258 vociferus rubidus, Oxyechus, 391, 392 vociferus, Oxyechus, 392, 449 394, 392, wahashensis, Marginifera, 146, 155 wallacei, Crenicichla, 353, 354 Warbler, Bahama Pine, 398, 406, 461 Bahama Yellow, 404, 460 Black-and-White, 460 490 Warbler, Black-poll, 460 Black-throated Blue, 460 Cape May, 402, 460 Cuban, 406, 461 Parula, 460 Prairie, 461 Worm-eating, 460 Yellow-breasted, 402, 406, 461 Yellow-rumped, 460 Yellow-throated, 461 Ward, Henry L., 24 West Indian Grebe, 403, 404 westoni, Amphion, 76 westwoodi, Choriphyllum, 94 Phyllotettix, 94 wheeleri, Trachydomia, 144, I50, 155, 156 Whiteaves, Dr. J. F., 216 White, Charles A., 7 whitei, Aviculopecten, 150 Whitfield, R. P., 37 whitfieldi, Isoteloides, 36, 39, 40, 44, 67 Willson, Augustus Everett, 281 wilsonivs rufinucha, Ochthodromus, 415 wilsonius crassirostris, Ochthodromus, 416 wilsonius, Ochthodromus, 390, 415, 449 winslowi, Temnocheilus, 156 wisconsensis, Asaphus, 49, 50 Woodpecker, Abaco Hairy, 454 Bahama Hairy, 453 Nye, 454 Yellow-bellied, 454 Wood-star, Bahama, 455 Inagua, 455 Worthenia tabulata, 145, 146, I50, 155, 157 Worthington, W. W., Narrative of the INDEX. Expedition to the Bahama Islands, 395-407; Field Notes, 442-464 Worthington, W. W., and W. E. C. Todd, A Contribution to the Ornith- ology of the Bahama Islands, 388-464 Xeneretmus alaskanus, 194, I95, 211 infraspinatus, 194, 195, 211 latifrons, 194, 211 triacanthus, 211 Xererpes fucorum, 212 Xiphidion mucosum, 200, 212 rupestre, 200, 212 Xiphistes chirus, 200, 212 ulve, 200 Xystes axinophrys, 196 Yellow-legs, 448 Yellow-legs, Greater, 448 Yellow-throat, Bryant, 462 Maryland, 404, 462 Tanner, 406, 462 Yoldia carbonaria, 155 zachirus, Glyptocephalus, 206, 213 zamorensis, Atquidens, 338, 339 Zaniolepis latipinnis, 209 Zaprora silenus, 209 Zaproride, 200 Zenaida zenaida, 390, 416, 450 Zenaidura macroura zena townsendi, Spindalis, 391, 440 zena, Spindalis, 391, 440, 441, 463 Zoarcide, 201, 212 ; | zonope, Jordania, 185, 210 Zygospira, 215 acutirostris, 215, 227, 228, 257 modesta, 228 , Sagara ; Publications of the Carnegie Museum Serial No. 63 ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM Vor. VE Nos fT. November, 1910. For sale by Messrs. Wm. Wesley & Sons, 28 Essex St. Strand, London, England; Messrs. R. Friedlander u. Sohn, 11 Carlstrasse, Berlin, N. W. ©., Germany ; anda the Carnegie Museum, Schenley Park, Pittsburgh, Pa., U.S. A. VII. VIII. CONTENTS. Editorial ; ; 4 The Geology of the Coast of the State of hae Brazil. By J. C. BRANNER : ; : < Description of a Collection of Fossil Fishes from the Bituminous Shales at Riacho Doce, State of Ala- goas, Brazil. By Davip STARR JORDAN Notes on Ordovician Trilobites, No. II. Acaouias from the Beekmantown. By Percy FE. RayMonpD Notes on Ordovician Trilobites, No. III. By Percy E. RAYMOND 2 : ; Notes on Ordovician Trilobites, No. IV. By Percy E. RAYMOND Notes on a Collection of Fishes Made by James’ Francis Abbott at Irkutsk, Siberia. By Davip STARR JORDAN AND WILLIAM FRANCIS ‘THOMPSON South American Tetrigide. By JAwRENCE BRUNER A Preliminary List of the Fauna of the Allegheny and Conemaugh Series in Western Pennsylvania. By Percy E. RAYMOND - 144 Publications of the Carnegie Museum Serial No. 66 ANNALS OF ‘THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM Vou MET Now 2: May, 1911, For sale by Messrs, Wm. Wesley & Sons, 28 Essex St. Strand, London, England; Messrs. R. Friedlander u. Sohn, 11 Carlstrasse, Berlin, N, W. 6., Germany; and at the Carnegie Museum, Schenley Park, Pittsburgh, Pa., U.S. A. Fea: ys PS aoe ae } 4 IX. XIV. CONTENTS. Editorial z : Results of an Ichthyological Survey about the San Juan Islands, Washington. By Epwin CHAPIN STARKS : ‘ : : é 5 Description of a New Species of Pygidium. By CarL H. E1GENMANN The Brachiopoda and Ostracoda of the Chay, By Percy E, RAYMOND : 3 : - A New Camel from the Miocene of Western Nebraska. By O. A. PETERSON A Mounted Skeleton of Steiainiie hitchcocki, the Stenomylus Quarry, and Remarks upon the Affi- nities of the Genus. By O. A. PETERSON A Mounted Skeleton of Diceratherium cooki, Peter- son. By O. A. PETERSON Publications of the Carnegie Museum Serial No. 69 Pr NALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM Voit. VII. Nos. 3-4. October, 1911. For sale by Messrs, Wm. Wesley & Sons, 28 Essex St. Strand, London, England; Messrs. R. Friedlander u. Sohn, 11 Carlstrasse, Berlin, N. W. 6., Germany; and at the Carnegie Museum, Schenley Park, Pittsburgh, Pa., U. S. A. XV. XVI. XVII. XVIII. XIX. XX. CONTENTS. Editorial : : 4 2 : The Carnegie Museum Expedition to Central South America. By W. J. HoLuanp, Derecéor. A Brief Report upon the Expedition of the Carnegie Museum to Central South America. By Joun D. HasEMAN. Together with a List of Localities at which Mr. Haseman Collected. By Cari H. EIGENMANN Descriptions of some New Species of Fishes and Miscellanous Notes on others obtained during the Carnegie Museum Expedition to Central South America. By Jonn D. Haseman lected by the Expedition of the Carnegie Museum to Central South America. By Jonn D. Haseman Some New Species of Fishes from the Rio Iguassé A Contribution to the Ornithology of the Bahama Islands. By W. E. CiypE ‘Topp anp W. W., WORTHINGTON ete | ¥' 283 1289 > 315 An Annotated Catalog of the Cichlid Fishes Col-: 329 374 - 388 eer : LRA Peres A Sener ngntenringndes a