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. ANNALS -

LYCEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. — :

VOLUME IX.

1896-1897.

NEW YORK:
PUBLISHED BY THE ACADEMY.

i

OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY.
1897.
PRESIDENT.
J. J. STEVENSON.

VICH-PRESIDENTS.
H. F. OSBORN, Ne ee RON:

CORRESPONDING SECRETARY.
WILLIAM HALLOCK.

RHCORDING SHCRHTARY.
J. F. KEMP.

TRHASURER.
CHAS. F. COX.

COMMITTEE OF PUBLICATION. -

J. K. REES, J. F. KEMP,
H. F. OSBORN, Ness Rone NG
D. S. MARTIN, WILLIAM HALLOCK.

THOS. L. CASEY, Editor of Annals.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME IX.

BY FRANK COLLINS BAKER.

Art. VII.—On the Modification of the Apex in Gastropod Mollusks

BY THOS. L. CASEY.
Art. VI.—Coleopterolozical Notices, VII.

BY 0. F. COOK AND G. N. COLLINS.
Art. I.—The Craspedosomatide of North America .

BY HAROLD JACOBY.

Art. IJ.—On the reduction of Stellar Photographs, with Special Reference
to the Astro-Photographic Catalogue Plates . :
Art. V.—On the Permanence of the Rutherfurd Puotomaphi’ Plates

BY J. PLAYFAIR M’MURRICH.

Art. IV.—Notes on some Actinians from the Bahama Islands, Collected
by the late Dr. J. I. Northrop

BY HEINRICH RIES.
Art. I11.—The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State

195

181

124

Norre.—For descriptive references to the twenty plates which accompany

the present volume, see pages 94-100, 179, 180, 194 and 686-704.

AONEN AT'S

OF THE

NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES,

VOLUME IX.

l.—The Craspedosomatide of North America.

BY O. F. COOK AND G. N. COLLINS.
Read October 7, 1895.

INTRODUCTORY NOTE ON THE FAMILIES OF DIPLOPODA.*

Since the completion of the paper on North American Craspe-
dosomatidee many dissections and drawings of representatives of
other families of Diplopoda have been made, resulting in the ap-
prehension of more light on the affinities of the group here treated.
Among the forms studied are Striaria, Stemmatoiulus, Cambala,
Cambalopsis, Nannolene, Pseudonannolene, Lysiopetalum, Pzero-
mopus, Siphonophora, Siphonotus, Siphonorhinus, Spirostreptus,
Spirobolus, Paraiulus, Pseudoiulus, and numerous representatives
of the Polydesmoidea. The result of this examination is opposed
to the opinion of Pocock, Latzel and Berlese, that the presert
family is allied most closely to the Iulide. It seems more reason-
able to place the Craspedosomatide next to the Polydesmide and
to arrange the families of Diplopoda as follows:

Class DIPLOPODA.

Subclass PSELAPHOGNATHA.
Order Ancyrotricha.
Family PoLYXENID4,—genera Polyxenus and Lophoproctus.
Distribution: Cosmopolitan.

* By O. F. Cook.
ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., IX, Oct., 1895.—1

2 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

Order Lophotricha.

Family PALZOCAMPID&,—genus Paleocampa.
Distribution: A fossil from the carboniferous Mazon Creek

beds, Lllinois.

Subclass CHILOGNATHA.
Order Oniscomorpha.
Suborder GLOMEROIDEA.

Family GLOMERIDA,—genera, Glomeris, Latzelia (preoccupied by a fossil
chilopod. )

Distribution: Europe, Asia and North Africa.
Family GERY AISIID&,—genus Gervaisia.

Distribution: Europe.

Suborder ZEPHRONIOIDEA.
Family ZEPHRONIID®,—genera Zephronia, Sphzeropceus, Spheerotherium.
Distribution: South Africa and Southern Asia.

Order Limacomorpha.
Suborder GLOMERIDESMOIDEA.
Family GLOMERIDESMID#,—genus Glomeridesmus.

Distribution: South America and the West Indies.

Family ZEPHRONIODESMID®,—genus Zephroniodesmus.

Distribution: Sumatra.

Order Colobognatha.
Suborder POLYZONOIDEA.

Family PoLyzoNniip®,—genera Polyzonium, Platyzonium, type P. getsch-
mannii (Cryptodesmus getschmannii Karsch. )

Distribution: North temperate regions of both hemispheres.
Family SIPHONOTID®,—genera, Bdellotus, type B. formosus (Siphonotus

formosus, Pocock), Rhinotus, type 2. africanus (Siphonotus africanus, Cook),
Siphonotus.

Distribution: Tropics of both hemispheres.
This and the previous family may constitute a superfamily
Polyzonoide, equivalent to the superfamily Siphonophoroide :

Family SIPHONOPHORID#,—genera Bactrois, type B. vittatus (Siphonophora
vittata, Pocock), Siphonophora.

Distribution: Tropics of both hemispheres.
Family SIPHONORHINID#,—genus Siphonorhinus.

Distribution: Tropics of both hemispheres.

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 3

Suborder PLATYDESMOIDEA.
Family PLATYDESMID#,—genera, Andrognathus, Brachycybe, Dolistenus,
Platydesmus, Pseudodesmus.
Distribution: North America, Europe and Asia.

Suborder SIPHONOCRYPTOIDEA.
Family SIPHONOCRYPTID®,—genus Siphonocryptus.
Distribution: Sumatra.

Order Monocheta.
Suborder STEMMATOIULOIDEA.
Family STEMMATOIULID,—genus Stemmatoiulus.
Distribution: Tropics of both hemispheres.

Suborder XYLOIULOIDEA.
Family XYLOIULID#,—genus Xyloiulus (Xylobius Dawson).
Distribution: A fossil from the Sigillarian stumps of the
ecarboniferous beds of Nova Scotia.

Order Merocheta.
Suborder LySloPETALOIDEA.
Family LYSIOPETALID®,— genera, Callipus, Megastrephon, Eurygyrus,
Lysiopetalum, Spirostrephon.

Distribution: North Temperate Zone.

Suborder CRASPEDOSOMATOIDEA.

Family CRASPEDOSOMATID®, — genera, Aporogona, type A. crenulata
(Craspedosoma crenulatum, Latzel), Atractosoma, Attemsia, type A. stygia
(Latzel), Aulacosoma, Bactropus, Basigona, type B. athesina (Fedrizzi), Bom-
ogona, type B. lombardica (Brolemann), Branneria, Chelogona, type C. car-
pathica (Latzel), Caseya, Chordeuma, Cleidogona,* Conotyla, Craspedosoma,
Grypogona, type G. latzeli ( Atractosoma latzeli, Verhceff), Haasia, Haplogona, t+
type H. oculodistincta (Verheeff), Mastigona,t type WZ. mutabilis (Latzel),
Melogona, type JZ. rhenana (Chordeuma gallicum var. rhenanum, Verhceff),
Mycogona, type M. germanica (Chordeuma germanicum, Verhceft), Nanogona,
type NV. polydesmoides (Leach), Ochogona, type O. pusilla (Atractosoma pusil-
lum, Verheeff), Phanogona, type Ph. bohemica (Rosicky), Pseudotremia, Rhis-
cosoma, Scoterpes, Trachygona,{ Trichopetalum, Underwoodia, Xiphogona, f
type X. flavesceus (Latzel), Zygonopus.

Distribution: North Temperate regions and New Zealand.

*Cleidogona is proposed for Cryptotrichus Packard, preoccupied in Co-
leoptera.

+ These three names take the places respectively of Latzelia, Poratia and
Haasea, proposed by Verhceff in recent numbers of the Zodlogischer Anzeiger,
but all preoceupied in Diplopoda,—Latzelia twice.

{ For Trachysoma, recently proposed by Attems but preoccupied in Crustacea.

4 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

Family HETEROCHORDEUMID®,—genera Heterochordeuma, Pocockia.
Distribution: Ceylon and Sumatra.

Family STRIARIID&,—genus Striaria. i
Distribution: Temperate North America.

Suborder POLYDESMOIDEA.

Family AMMODESMID&,—genera Ammodesmus Doratodesmus ( Doratonotus
Pocock, pre-occupied ).
Distribution: Tropical Africa and Asia.

Family AUGODESMID#,—genera Augodesmus, Euryurus, Polylepis.
Distribution: Tropical America.

Family CAMPODESMID#®,—genera Campodesmus, Cyrtodesmus.
- Distribution: Tropical Africa and America.
Family CHELODESMID#,—genera Chelodesmus,* Leptodesmus, Odonto-

peltis, Odontotropis, Priodesmus, Rhachodesmus (Rhachis, is pre-occupied),
Strongylodesmus.

Distribution: Tropical America.

Family CRYPTODESMID%,—genera Aporodesmus, Cryptodesmoides, Crypto-
desmus, Poratia, Trichopeltis.

Distribution: Tropics of both hemispheres.

Family CyCLODESMID4,—genus Cyclodesmus.

Distribution: Tropical America. There seems to be little
ground for supposing that the Malayan genus Doratonotus is re-
lated to the Mexican genus Cyclodesmus.

Family GOMPHODESMID,—genera Astrodesmus, Aulodesmus, Gomphodes-
mus, Harmodesmus, Marptodesmus, Sphenodesmus, Tycodesmus.

Distribution: Hast Tropical Africa.

Family HAPLODESMID&,—genus Haplodesmus (Haplosoma Verheeff, pre-
occupied ).

Distribution: Amboina.

Family ONISCODESMID®,—genera Cyphodesmus, Oniscodesmus, Spheerio-
desmus.

Distribution: Tropical America.

Family OXYDESMID#,—genera Anisodesmus, Isodesmus, Mimodesmus,
Orodesmus, Oxydesmus, Scytodesmus, Tylodesmus.

Distribution: Tropical Africa.

* Pores 13, on segments 5, 7, 9, 10-19, latero-inferior; sternum of fifth seg-
ment of male with four processes, that of the sixth with two; male legs with
a large process from the apex of the penultimate joint. Type Chelodesmus
marxit, U. S. National Museum.

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 5

Family PARADOXOSOMATIDZ,—genera Paradoxosoma, Trachydesmus.
Distribution: Corfu.

Family PHATYRRHACHID#,—genera Acanthodesmus, Odontodesmus,
Platyrrhacus, Trachelodesmus.

Distribution : Tropics of both hemispheres.

Family PoLYDESMID#,—genera Brachydesmus, Cheetaspis, Goniodesmus,
type G. fissilobus (Polydesmus fiissilobus, Brolemann ), Polydesmus, Scytonotus.

Distribution: Temperate Europe, Asia and North America.

Family STRONGYLOSOMATID,—genera Anoplodesmus, Centrodesmus, Cne-
madesmus, Cylindrodesmus, Eudasypeltis, Icosidesmus, Iulidesmus, Ophio-
desmus, type O. verheeffi (Strongylosomum verhceffi, Brolemann ), Orthodesmus,
Prionopeltis, Rhachidomorpha, Strongylosoma, Tetracentrosternus, Trogo-
desmus.

Distribution: Cosmopolitan, mostly Tropical.

Family StTYLODESMID#,—genera Cynedesmus*, Lophodesmus, Pyrgodes-
mus, Stylodesmus.

Distribution: Tropics of both hemispheres.

Family X YSTODESMID #,—genera Eurydesmus, Fontaria, Pachydesmus, type
P. crassicutis (Wood), Rhysodesmus, type R. limaz (Sauss.), Stenodesmus,
Xystodesmus, type X. martensii (Peters).

Distribution: North America and Eastern Asia.

Order Diplocheta.

Suborder SPIROSTREPTOIDEA.

Family SPIROSTREPTID,—genera Alloporus, Archispirostreptus, Ctenoiu-
lus, Odontopyge, Plusioporus, Rhynchoproctus, Spirocyclistus, Spiropceus,
Spirostreptus, Thyropygus.

Distribution: Tropics of both hemispheres and South Africa.

Family TRACHYSTREPTIDZ,—genera Trachystreptus, type 7. cambaloides, +
Lophostreptus, type L. magnus (Karsch).t

Distribution: Tropical Africa.

* Type Cynedesmus formicola, U. S. National Museum; the genus also in-
cludes C. ornamentatus (Cryptodesmus ornamentatus, Karsch).

{Trachystreptus cambaloides sp. n.—Nearly black; antennz strongly clavate,
lying in lateral concavities of the first segment; head, first and last segments
closely punctate; other segments with numerous irregular cariniform longi-
tudinal ridges. Segments 37-39. Length 25 mm.; width 2.2mm. Habitat,
Liberia.

{ I have examined the type of Glyphiulus magnus Karsch, in the Berlin Mu-
seum.

6 The Craspedosomatidx of North America.

Suborder CAMBALOIDEA.
Family PSEUDONANNOLENID®,—genus Pseudonannolene.
Distribution: South America.

Family NANNOLENID#,—genera Nannolene, Iulomorpha.

Distribution: Western North America and South Africa.

Family CAMBALID®,—genus Cambala.

Distribution: Eastern North America.

Family CAMBALOPSID&®,—genera Cambalomorpha, Cambalopsis, Glyphiulus,
Trachyiulus, Trichocambala.

Distribution: Southern Asia.

Family ARCHIIULID&,—genera Archiiulus, Archicambala, type A. dawsoni
(Xylobius dawsoni, Scudder).

Distribution: Fossils from the Sigillarian stumps of the car-
boniferous beds of Nova Scotia.

Suborder [ULOIDEA.

Family [uLIp#,—genera Allaiulus, Anaulaciulus, Brachyiulus, Chromatoiu-
lus, Cryptoiulus, Cylindroiulus, Diploiulus, Hemipodoiulus, Iulus, Mesoiulus,
Micropodiulus, Pachyiulus, Paleoiulus, Tachypodoiulus, Typhloiulus, Uncei-
ger, Xestoiulus.

Distribution: North Temperate Zone.

Family PARAIULID#,—genera Paraiulus, Pseudoiulus, Ptyoiulus, type P.
pennsylvanicus (Brandt).
Distribution: Temperate North America.

Family P#RoMoPID&,—genus Pzeromopus.
Distribution: California.

Family BLANIULID&,—genus Blaniulus.
Distribution: Europe.
Family IsopaTip,—genus Isobates.

Distribution: Europe and Temperate North America.

Suborder SIPHONOIULOIDEA.
Family SIPHONOLULID%,—genus Siphonoiulus.*

Distribution: Sumatra.

*This most remarkable form is probably worthy of ordinal rank and might
be called Rhinognatha. The absence of legs from the third and fourth seg-
ments indicates want of affinity with the Colobognatha, while the form of the
head and antennze will doubtless exclude it from the Diplocheta.

The Craspedosomatide of North America. T

Order Anocheta.

Suborder SPIROBOLOIDEA.
Family SpPrRoBoLiIp#,—genera Acanthiulus, Rhinocricus, Spirobolellus
Spirobolus, Thyroproctus, Trigoniulus.

Distribution: Tropics of both hemispheres.

Subclass ARCHIPOLYPODA.

Family EUPHOBERID#,—with numerous genera.

This group is an assemblage of widely different fossil forms,
some of which will probably prove to be true Chilognatha; thus
the genus Amnilyspes bears striking resemblance to certain gen-
era of Polydesmoidea. The species of Hupheberia and Acan-
therpestes, however, are types apparently very distinct from the
Chilognatha. The six dorsal sete are located as in Craspedoso-
matide, while the sete and unpaired seminal duct are both pres-
ent in Stemmatoiulus, the representative ot an order equal in an-
tiquity to the Archipolypoda, so that the derivation of the
Chilognatha from the Archipolypoda is not indicated by present
evidence, though a common origin is most probable.

The orders and families of Chilognatha are in need of careful
description which will make the labor of characterizing species
and genera less difficult. In all the suborders, except the Poly-
desmoidea, the assignment of the genera to the different families
is made with some confidence. The classification of the Polydes-
moidea is in a backward state, owing to the fact that the older
writers neglected many of the more important characters and the
arrangement of some of the genera may prove to be more or less —
artificial and provisional.

The character which during our study of the Craspedosoma-
tidze we supposed to be unique among recent Diplopoda—the
dorsal setzee—is shared by Stemmatoiulus, which has even the
curious setiferous papille of the last segment, though there are
four in Stemmatoiulus, and only two in Craspedosomatide. The
co-existence in Stemmatoiulus of pores and setz show that the
presence or absence of either of these structures is not of itself
evidence of close affinity or wide diversity. The supposition
that the spines are in some way a substitute for the repugnatorial
apparatus is also shown to have no foundation.

The presence of external seminal ducts in Tulide and their ab-
sence in Craspedosomatide is at once an important and an easily

8 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

stated diagnostic character, and has been used in the following
synopsis of orders. So various are the adaptations of legs in
different parts of the body to assist in copulation, that the weight
of the principal distinction on which the group Oniscomorpha
rested has its relative importance somewhat diminished. Others
of its characters are evidently codrdinations with its habit of
rolling into a sphere, and are not necessarily to be interpreted as
evidences of a diversity of origin.

Synopsis of Orders of CHILOGNATHA.

Body composed of not more than 13 distinct segments; male copulatory or-

gans several-jointed, situated at the posterior end of the body.
Order Oniscomorpha

Body composed of at least 19 segments.
Males with the legs of the seventh segment unmodified; external seine!
ducts long, divaricate, beset with whorls of seme orden Limacomorpha
Males with one or both pairs of legs of the seventh segment transformed
into copulatory organs.

Males with eight pairs of legs in front of the 4-5-jointed copulatory or-
gans, which replace the posterior pair of legs of the seventh segment.
and the anterior pair of the eighth; segments 1-5 each with a sin-
Olle airrOl Mees eshte sasceniatoaeaesaueneceiasc nace Order Colobognatha |

Males with seven pairs of pre-copulatory legs; copulatory organs not more
than 2-jointed, replacing one or both pairs of legs of the seventh

segment.
External seminal apertures appearing as perforations of the cox of
HOS SECO! Jone GE EEA conchogaachasodansencpscocodeer Order Merocheta

Coxze of second male legs imperforate.

Labrum with a median sinus; segments 1-5 with one pair of legs
each; external seminal ducts wanting, the apertures located at
the base of the-second pair of legs.................. Order Anocheta

Labrum with a median tooth; segment 3 or 4 footless; external

seminal ducts present.

Pleure entirely obliterated; legs 7-jointed; external seminal
apertures through paired, unjointed; external ducts inserted
at the base of the second male legs............ Order Diplocheta

Pleurze nearly free; legs 8-jointed; external seminal aperture
single, through a 2-jointed external duct inserted at the base of
feysecondima le Megs: ne sssscceeeeeeeseeee scorer Order Monocheta

Notes ON SPECIMENS AND TYPES.

As Lysiopetalide and Chordeumide the American species of
this family have been subject to more revision than those of any

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 9

other. We concluded, however, after attempting a study of the
forms occurring in central New York, that more complete de-
scriptions of the known species would be necessary for their
identification and an understanding of their generic relationships.
Hspecially undesirable would be the projection of the new species
into the existing confusion.

Through the kindness of Drs. Riley and Gilbert we were per-
mitted to examine the types in the National Museum and the col-
lection of the University of Indiana. These, with our own col-
lection, gave us examples of nearly all the described species.

Unfortunately the types of the species described by Wood,
Packard, Cope, Ryder and Harger are not accessible, and may be
no longer in existence. Drs. Cope and Ryder expressed their
regret at being unable to assist us, as their specimens could not
be found. Dr. Packard favored us with a vial of specimens of
Pseudotremia and stated that his material may have been de-
posited in the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, at Cambridge.
Owing to the illness of Dr. Hagen we could not get access to the
Specimens, nor ascertain whether they are in the Museum. The
Museum of the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences contains but
one species of this family, a Cryptotrichus, but not Wood’s type.

A study of the material at hand soon showed us that we had
entirely underestimated our task; it purported to consist of
twelve of the fourteen species then known, but from it we have -
been compelled to erect seven additional species. Collections
made by ourselves added four more, and when this paper was
nearly finished Captain Casey presented a bottle of California
Myriapoda among which we found still another novelty, increas-
ing to twenty-eight the number of species known from North
America. From this it may be inferred that many species are —
still to be discovered, especially since the distribution is usually
very local. Individuals are scarce, and require the most careful
collecting in very moist habitats where species of other-families
are not commonly found, and which are therefore not visited
except in special quests for Craspedosomatide.

Our thanks are due to Mr. R. Innes Pocock, of the British
Museum, for many kindnesses in the way of opportunity of ex-
amining the collections under his charge, and for specimens of
Huropean Craspedosomatide which have enabled us to verify our
opinion of their generic distinctness from American forms.

10 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

Novres on HABITS AND STRUCTURE.

The habits of living Craspedosomatidz show considerable differ-
ence from those of other families, and emphasize the importance
of some structural characters which have, we think, not received
proper weight in classification.

Reference is made chiefly to Trichopetalum,* which on account
of its abundance, small size and transparent exo-skeleton is well
suited for observation. But so much alike are all the members
of this family, that there is probably little difference with regard
to considerations of habits or structure, with the exception of
lack of eyes in cave forms.

In central New York Trichopetalum is one of the nrost common
and generally distributed of Diplopoda, though liable to be over-
looked on account of its small size. Like the other members of
this family it inhabits rather wet places, but does not seem par-
ticular in other respects, living among mosses and rotting leave
and under sticks and pieces of bark.

When undisturbed the gait of Trichopetalum is quite leisurely,
but when frightened it never attempts to protect itself by coiling
up, relying on its powers of flight. This course is warranted by
the fact that the Craspedosomatide are more fleet of foot than
other Chilognatha, though some species of [ulidez are able to
progress at a very respectable pace. It is also noteworthy that

the fleeter species of Julidez (Paraiulus) are not inclined to coil

up when frightened, but attempt to run, and even when captured
and held they do not at first employ the ruse of coiling up and
feigning death, but attempt to escape by vigorous wriggling.
All Iulidz seem, however, to have the power of coiling up, and
. will sooner or later exercise it for protection.

The ability to coil up depends on a certain form and structure
of the segments. The dorsal part must be longer than the ven-
tral, and the amount one segment overlaps the next must be
greater in the form that is able to coil up. There is also necessi-
tated a larger amount of flexible integument between the seg-
ments.

The Iulidz manifest all these characters, even to the flattening ~

of the pedal laminz and the basal joints of the legs; other Chilog-
natha have them, usually in a less degree.

* The species described in this paper as Trichopetalum album.

The Craspedosomatide of North America. int

In the Craspedomatide, however, the dorsal and ventral por-
tions of the segments differ less in length, and although the pedal
laminz have no chitinized connection with the pleure, the body
is not coiled in a close spiral. Even when tightly contracted in
alcohol, Trichopetalum and its allies are able to do little more
than form a circle, a position of doubtful use as a means of de-
fense, especially when compared with the close spirals which Iu-
lide assume. The Craspedosomatide lack, besides, the strong
exo-skeleton and repugnatorial secretion of the other families, so
that for them coiling up would not have much advantage as a
means of defense.

As might be inferred from the preceding statements the in-
stinct of feigning death is not developed in Craspedosomatide.
While they are able they attempt to run away, but if held in the
hand the heat and drier atmosphere are soon fatal. This was no-
ticed especially in Underwoodia polygama. lf held in the hand
and exposed to sunlight they were soon unable to run in the
ordinary way, wriggled convulsively a few times and died. This
would happen in a minute or two, while the specimen was being
examined with a lens to determine the sex. In such cases care
_ was taken to see whether the animals would recover, but they did
not do so.

Individuals of Trichopetalum are also of very delicate organi-
zation. They will not endure captivity to any such extent as
other Chilognatha, and will speedily die under conditions appar-
ently favorable to the other families. Dryness of the atmos-
phere is quickly fatal, and the animals seem to suffer if the venti-
lation is insufficient, even though the moisture is adequate.

On the other hand, it should be mentioned that a specimen of
Conotyla fischert was found running about on a log one morning
in February, when the ground was frozen and the cold severe
enough to have covered with ice-crystals both the ground and
the under side of the log. Such ability to withstand the cold ap-
peared very strange at the time,and on investigation it was found
that beetles and spiders under the log were incapable of motion,
though they recovered after being warmed in the hand. The
Conotyla was not, however, under the log, but on the upper side
of it, apparently quite as lively and vigorous as during the
warmer parts of the year, showing that he had been able to with-
stand the cold of the February night and either keep lively

12 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

through it or recover his powers at a temperature considerably
below the freezing point. This can be understood if we may sup-
pose that these animals have means of obtaining and using
larger amounts of oxygen than other tracheata, and are more
warm-blooded. In accord with this supposition is the following
observation on Trichopetalum by Dr. John A. Ryder, several
times verified by ourselves.

“While examining some living specimens of Trichopetalum
lunatum under the microscope, about a year since, I observed
that the respiration of the animal appeared to be conducted in a
most singular manner. The air seemed to be drawn in under the
labrum, and in some way to enter the dorsal cardiac sinus as
bubbles, which could be traced for some distance, more than half
the length of the animal, as they traveled slowly backwards, until
they disappeared over the opaque mass of ingested food contained
in the intestine. These bubbles of air always passed backwards.
It may be that they passed backwards inside of the intestine, but
the impression that I got was that they were traveling through
the cardiac sinus or dorsal heart of the animal. This cireum-
stance may explain why it is that there are no pores on the side
of the body, though it is true that the lateral pores af millipeds
are usually ‘foramina repugnatoria,’ and have nothing to do with
the trachea or respiratory apparatus. This raises the question
whether our Lysiopetalide are not distinguished from other
forms in some more important way than has been hitherto sup-
posed.”

In connection with this ability to withstand cold should be
mentioned the fact that in Europe the Alpine species affecting
the highest altitudes are Craspedosomatide.

The eyes are well developed in Trichopetalum, though the ocelli
are only moderately numerous. That is, the individual ocelli are
large, prominent and convex, as is usual in the family, which has
eyes apparently better developed than in other Diplopoda, and
not flat or merely pigmented spots as in other cases: But the
type of eye seems to be the same as in the Iulidz and other

families, and the animals take no notice of anything in front

until the antenne are in contact with the object, indicating that
in all probability, the eyes are unable to form definite images,
but are merely spots sensitive to light. Yet the animals do not
appear to have as decided objection to light as members of other

The Craspedosomatidee of North America. 13

families. When a specimen of Trichopetalum is uncovered no
perturbation is apparent unless the animal is actually touched.

Not only do the antennze come in contact with an object, but
also as a usual thing, the front of the head. The creatures are
not able to overcome their momentum with sufficient quickness,
or else their mental operations are too slow. They are not, how-
ever, worse off than many animals of higher organization, and
better developed sense-organs, for many reptiles and mammals do
not, as a rule, turn out for an obstacle until they have come into
actual contact with it.

That the eyes of the Diplopoda are incapable of forming im-
ages is, however, chiefly to be inferred from their plan of struc-
ture, as Lubbock has pointed out. And with the flattened eyes
of Iulidz and Polyzonide this is at once plain; but the eyes of
Craspedosomatidz are much more convex, regular and well-de-
fined than those of the others, and approach more nearly the con-
dition where effective vision might be possible.

One of the most noteworthy characteristics of Trichopetalum
exists in the great freedom of motion enjoyed by the head. In
other families the head is set more or less deeply into the first
seoment which is hollowed out in front to receive it, and is con-
sequently incapable of more than a slight motion. In such cases
the head is smaller, that is, narrower than the first segment ;
but in the Craspedosomatide the head is much broader than the
first segment, against which it is fastened as to a neck, and upon
which it moves with considerable liberty in any direction.

In like manner the mandibulary stipes are in this family excep-
tionally developed, and capable of rapid movement in the pro-
cess of chewing. The movement of the stipes in chewing has not
been noticed in other Diplopoda, though its absence we have in
some cases observed.

The antenne are, in most species of the family, exceptionally
slender, but do not noticeably differ from the diplopod type. In
Trichopetalum, however, they are shorter and somewhat clavate.
They are manipulated in the usual manner, though their motions
are more than ordinarily quick.

If the antenne are dipped into a liquid or touched against any
thing that sticks to them they are at once cleaned in the mouth.
How the animals manage to keep the other parts of their bodies
clean is an interesting question, for although they live in places

14 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

where they would be likely to become soiled they are always
clean to a degree. But when not to be cleaned the antenne are
frequently bent at the fourth joint and the end held near the
mouth, for no reason apparent.

In males the posterior pair of legs of the seventh segment
are two-jointed, the distal joint being thick and clavate, and
curved up against the side of the body. In walking, this modi-
fied foot which cannot touch the ground, is waved back and
forth in unison with the legs on either side. The copulation
of these animals has not been observed. but that this struc-
ture can have any part in the process is hard to believe or
imagine, and that it is to be looked upon as a merely rudimen-
tary structure seems more reasonable. In American Oraspedo-
somatidee are found the transitional stages between the condition
existing in the Polydesmide and Lysiopetalide, where only
the anterior pair of feet of the seventh segment have been modi-
fied for copulatory purposes, and the condition present in the
Tulidee and Polyzonide, where both pairs are thus modified. As
might be expected, the modification in form and the modification
in function are apparently taking place gradually, and in the
present case a part of the leg aids in copulation while the rest
waves idly, “from force of habit.”

Even in the Craspedosomatide which do not have the usual six
bristles of each segment well-developed on the anterior part of
the body, as in Pseudotremia and Chordeuma, the posterior
median bristles of the last segment are well developed and to all
appearances alike in all the species. They are curiously modified,
consisting of a cylindric, or slightly conic, enlarged base, from
the distal end of which projects a long, exceedingly slender, flex-
ible bristle, or in this case more properly a hair. This is suffi-
ciently stiff to remain nearly straight, but is much finer than the
bristles of the preceding segments, and not brittle.

Attached to the ends of these bristles have on several occasions
been noticed fine threads like spiders’ web dragging out behind
the animals as they walked, that is in Trichopetalum. And in
the living specimens it has also been noticed that these modified
bristles were sometimes carried vertically, and in others were
nearly horizontal. The peculiar conformation of the bases of
these bristles and of the apical portion of the segment suggests
the possibility that these bases are articulated with the segment,

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 15

and that the animal may have the power of moving them at will,
and the desirability of being thus able to move them becomes
evident if they are supposed to be spinning organs, while it
would be useless if they have no special function.

SENSE-ORGANS AND PROBLEMATICAL STRUCTURES.

In the course of the systematic examination of the different
forms it was necessary to mount above a hundred microscopic
slides. These gave opportunity for the examination of the more
minute structures of the animals, sometimes under tolerably favor-
able conditions. Following are noticed briefly the structures
which came to our attention. Some of them seem not to have
been previously recorded, and our notes may be of use when a
histologie study of the group is attempted.

1.— Antenne.

On the antenne are several types of more or less hair-like struc-
tures, all of which may prove to be sense-organs.

1. The So-called Olfactory Cones (figs. 61 and 190).—These
are well developed in all the species, the number being always
four, as is the case in most Diplopoda. We have counted hun-
dreds of specimens, including representatives of all the families,
and have never found less than four. There are more than four
cones in Glomeride, some species of Spirobolus, and a genus of
Polydesmidze from east Africa. The reports of one, two and
three cones can be paralleled by the carelessness displayed in count-
ing the segments of Chilopoda.

The cones of Craspedosomatide appear to differ from those of
other families only in being more slender, more like a wine bottle
in shape, and with longer bases.

2. Hairs of Ordinary Form.—Such may occur on other parts
of the body, and it is possible that all may have more or less
of tactile function. According to Sazepin’s diagrams of the an-
tennee of Iulide and Polydesmidez these hairs have neural con-
nection, and the same conditions seem to obtain in sections of the
antenne of Conotyla fischert.

3. At about the middle of the seventh joint, and pointing lat-
terad when the antenne are extended, is a solitary, rather slender,
mammillate-conic, transparent protuberance, narrowed at the tip
and produced into a long, very slender, and exceedingly fine-

16 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

pointed hair. (figs. 61 and 190.) This structure is about the size
of the olfactory cones, but histologically it is different, the con-
tents of the enlarged base being evidently granular, instead of
longitudinally fibrillate as in the cones.

Sazepin mentions nothing of this sort,and we have been unable
to find anything similar on the antenne of Iulidz, Polydesmide,
Lysiopetalide or Polyzonidz. The structure in question is prob-
ably present in all Craspedosomatide, and may be looked upon
as another evidence of the superior organization of this family.
We have had no opportunity of examining the antenne of Sco-
terpes, but find it in all the other genera here treated.

4. On the same side of the same joint, just above the previously
mentioned organ is a considerable number of long slender cones, ”
differing from ordinary hairs in being thicker, and with a large
internal lumen. The base inserted in the chitin is large and
bulbous.

5. On all sides of the distal portion of the sixth joint are scat-
tered transparent cones differing from the preceding sort in being
somewhat broader, with blunt rounded ends. They are also very
thin-walled, the lumen being continued nearly or quite to the end,
and are not enlarged at base.

6. On the fifth joint, more numerous toward, but not confined
to the distal portion, are structures very similar to the last, but
differing in that they are longer, sharp-pointed, and of somewhat
denser tissue. They differ from those of the seventh joint in be-
ing larger and longer and not enlarged at base. f

7. On the distal portion of each joint are hairs two or three
times as long and large as the average. Similar hairs of other
families are by Sazepin denominated ‘“ Schutzhaare,” explaining
their greater size by supposing them to be a special provision for
the protection of the sense organs, near which they are located.
They are probably articulated to the antennal surface, being sur-
rounded by a chitinous ring at base. That their role is not con-
fined to what is mentioned above is shown by the fact that they
occur on joints where there are no shorter sense-organs. A lu-
men can be seen extending through more than half the hair, the
distal portion of which is very slender and frequently flexuous.

_ The above structures are described from Conotyla jischert.
The same or equivalent seem to exist in other species, which do
not, however, offer equal facility of observation.

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 17

Il.—A Possible Auditory Organ.

Between the base of the antenna and the neighboring ocelli is
a ring-like elevation of the chitinous surface of the head. We
have been able to find this in most of the diplopod families. In
the Craspedosomatide it is well-developed,—nearly as large as a
single ocellus. Sometimes it appears that the surface included
in the ring is covered by a delicate membrane, at others the ap-
pearance is that of a dark central spot or aperture (fig. 133).

That the structure in question is a sense-organ appears very
likely, but its function can only be conjectured. It is not impos-
sible that it may prove to be an auditory organ. Certain species
of Glomeride, of the genus Spherotherium are known to have
stridulating organs, and in them, at least, an organ of hearing
would be expected. That other diplopods stridulate is not
known, and would seem unlikely. There have been also no experi-
ments to determine whether they are able to hear, and such ex-
periments would be very difficult and probably unsatisfactory.

Iil.— The Labral Hairs.

On the labrum is a transvere row of long hairs provided in
some forms, at least, with neural connections (fig. 194). These
hairs do not appear to be especially differentiated in structure.
They are placed in depressions, though this is not so much the
case in the present family as in the Iulide. The best guess
would probably be that they have merely tactile function. The
number and arrangement of the hairs is very constant.

LV .—Gnathochilarium.

1. Cones similar to those of the Antennz.—On the apices of the
processes of the stipes, and on the lingual lobes are more or less
numerous conical structures resembling in a general way the so-
called olfactory cones of the antenne (fig. 59). The fibrillated
structure is still more apparent than in those organs, and the
neural connections are very evident. They are also much shorter
and proportionally broader than the antennal cones, have
thicker walls, and a more evidently hollow apex, the wall there
being exceedingly thin. The size is very variable.

There is no inherent improbability in the idea that these are

ANNALS N. Y. AcAD. Scr., [X, Oct., 1895—2

18 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

also olfactory organs. They would enable the animal to detect
substances suitable for food, being always near the ground, and
directly in front of the mouth. They are found in all Chilog-
natha, but in Craspedosomatidz are best developed. They are
not so muca as usual confined to the apices of the structures on
which they are placed, occupying nearly the whole lateral edge
of the exterior process of the stipes.

2. The interior Cone of the Lingual Lobes.—This is larger and
longer than the others, directed mesad and somewhat curved in
that direction. It is sharp-pointed and apparently of homo-
geneous structure, no lumen being apparent. Its special fune-
tion, if any, must be different from that of the other cones.

3. The Styliform Processes.—Near the anterior-interior corner
of the lingual lamina is a peculiar, usually more or less tri- or
quadri-dentate structure apparently consisting of a solid piece of
chitin. This does not appear to exist in the other described
families of diplopods, except in some Polydesmide (e. g., Scyto-
notus). We have no notion of any purpose it could serve.

4. The Bristles of the Gnathochilarium.—On the lower surface
and lateral edges of the gnathochilarium are a few hairs of greater
size than the others, and with enlarged bases. They are probably
tactile in function.

5. Probable Taste-pits.—The chitinous covering of the lingual
lobe is on the superior side extended backward over the ends of
the lingual lamine. This extension consists of a chitinous rim
enclosing an oval space covered by a transparent membrane in
which are scattered numerous pits, each surrounded by a chitinous
ring. These are shown in fig. 62 as they appear in Conotyla
jischerv.

V.—The Dorsal Sete.

These structures characteristic of the family are of transparent
chitin, narrowly conic, with an enlarged base which fits into the
socket of the setigerous tubercle. Sections show that the setz
are hollow, and that the chitinous exo-skeleton is interrupted by
an aperture in the middle of the socket.

The median pair of sete of the last segment are different from
the others in that there is a more broadly conic base tipped with
a slender hair. The function of these may be different from that
of the others, though what the function of either can be is hard

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 19

to conjecture, unless they are spinning organs, as suggested in
another place. :

In common with Polydesmide the anal valves of this family
are provided with slender bristles, but there are always three pairs
instead of two, the constant number in Polydesmide.

The preanal scale has two slender bristles, as in Polydesmide.
These are of the same form as those of the anal valves, have en-
larged bases and may prove .to be tactile organs; at least this
would be a reasonable inference in case neural connection can be
proven.

VI.—Legs.

The legs are increasinglythirsute distad, some of the hairs being
especiaily long and with enlarged bases, perhaps tactile organs.
On the inner edge of the last joint of the first and sometimes of
the second legs is a pectinate row of stout hairs or bristles; it may
be these are of use in feeding or in cleaning the face and antenne.

The first legs have the claw large, and two distinct supple-
mentary claws. The other legs usually have one supplementary
claw. The other structures of the legs are more properly to .be
noticed under the head of sexual characters.

On the claw of all the legs of Conotyla fischeri is a peculiar
hair, which we have not found on other species. The hair in
question rises from the inferior groove about midway between
base and apex, and lies closely appressed to the claw, beyond
which it extends as an exceedingly fine, frequently flexuous fila-
ment, needing careful observation to be seen with a quarter-inch
objective. When the animal is walking this hair necessarily
comes first in contact with the ground and seems conveniently
located for a tactile organ. It appears very remarkable that the
other species have no similar structure, but a careful search has
failed to find it.

VII.—Secondary Sexual Characters.

These are, as in other families of Diplopoda mostly confined to
modifications of the anterior male legs. We give here a list of
such modifications, not including those of the ninth male legs
which are described under the different genera and species.

1. Body of.males stouter and broader, especially segments six
and seven, than that of females. This is not always noticeable,
but is very evident in Cleidogona.

20 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

2. Second legs strongly crassate, a character appearing only in
Underwoodia.

3. Second legs abnormally slender: Caseya.

4. Coxe of second legs with a conic process: Zygonopus, or
with a long curved or hamate process: Caseya, Underwoodia.

5. Third joint of second legs with a cushion-like bunch covered
with conic processes : Conotyla. .

6. Third joint of second legs tuberculate on ventral face: Caseya.

7: Last joint of second legs with a pectinate row of stout hairs
on the inner edge: Conotyla, Cleidogona, and probably the other
related genera.

8. Claw of second legs very small, much exceeded by a tuft of
long flexuous hairs : Underwoodia.

9. Legs 3-7 strongly crassate: Trichopetalum, less so in mos
of the other genera.

10. Coxe of third legs produced into a rounded prominence
with a tuft of hairs at apex: Caseya, Underwoodia.

11. Third joint of third legs much crassate: Underwoodia.

12. Last joint of third and many succeeding legs with the ven-
tral face hispid with fine bayonet-like spines: Conotyla, Clei-
dogona, Pseudotremia.

13. Fourth joint of fourth and fifth legs with a cushion-like
bunch covered with conic tubercles : Conotyla.

14. Sixth legs with coxa somewhat enlarged, and with a tuft of
long hairs: Caseya.

15. Sixth legs strongly crassate: Zygonopus.

16. Seventh legs with coxa greatly enlarged, bearing a conic
process and tufts of hairs: Caseya.

17. Coxe of seventh legs with a large tuberculate bunch on the
posterior side: Conotyla (figs. 70 and 73).

18. Fourth joint of seventh leg with a proximally directed,
apically quadridentate process: Conotyla fischeri (figs. 70 and
fae). :

19. Tenth and eleventh legs with the cox perforate: Cleido-
gona, Pseudotremia, Conotyla. Sometimes a shapeless mass of
membrane or hardened secretion projects from the aperture ;
perhaps this is what is described by Latzel as a wart-like process
in Kuropean Chordeumide.

20. Coxe of tenth male leg greatly enlarged and with a distal
aperture: Caseya, Underwoodia (figs. 185, 210, 211). In Ca-

The Craspedosomatidze of North America. 21

seya there is a rounded projection from the rim of the opening,
on the posterior side.

21. Coxee of eleventh leg with a large conic process: Pseudo-
tremia, Cleidogona. In Pseudotremia the process projects from
near the base of the coxa, in Cleidogona from the middle or above.

22. Eleventh and twelfth legs with coxa prominent, tuberculate :
Conotyla.

23. EHleventh legs with third joint proximally produced into a
large, somewhat curved process: Conotyla.

24, Kleventh and twelfth, and probably the succeeding legs, tu-
berculate on the third and fourth joints: Caseya.

25. Pedigerous lamina of twelfth legs with a large conic pro-
cess directed cephalad: Cleidogona Conotyla, Pseudotremia.

In addition there should be noted an aperture near the distal
end of the second joint of the ninth legs of Cleidogona In-
side the joint may be traced a duct or gland running nearly its
whole length. In one mounted specimen this is filled with air
and shows very clearly, also very numerous minute tubes opening
into it. The opening is on the ventral face of the joint, under the
base of the third joint, which is flexed upon the second. In the
specimen mentioned an irregular mass, probably a secretion har-
dened by alcohol, lies in the aperture.

CHARACTERS OF THE FAMILY.

As nothing purporting to be a complete description of the
present family has ever appeared in English, we offer the follow-
ing attempt at supplying the deficiency, although future study
will probably necessitate amendments.

Family CRASPEDOSOMATID& Gray.
Todd’s Cyel. III., p. 546 (1842).
Chordeumidz, C. L. Koch, and many recent authors.

Lysiopetalide (pro parte majore) of Cope, Ryder and Packard.

Body moderately elongate or slender, depressed, convex or cylindric, sub-
fusiform, capable of being spirally coiled.

Head larger and broader than the first segment, which fits into a concavity
of the head instead of covering the hind portion of it as in Iulide.

Eyes usually well-developed, of numerous (10-30) ocelli arranged in defi-
nite patches; entirely wanting in certain cave forms.

22 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

Antennz remote at base, generally elongate, third and fifth joints longest,
eighth joint with four olfactory cones.

Mandibles with 8-12 pectinate lamelle, a molar tooth, a dentate lamella,
and a masticatory plate. The stipe has a distinct cardo; exposed surface of
stipe (buccal area) very large and prominent, convex, not areate.

Gnathochilarium with stipes separate, cardo small; in front the two coni-
ferous processes common to Chilognaths.

Mentum entire, trapeziform, large.

Promentum evident, triangular, included between the bases of the lingual
laminze, or nearly obsolete.

Lingual laminz rather long, distinct, anteriorly with or without a denticu-
late lobe, posteriorly separated by the promentum.

Median lobe well-developed, with a longer or shorter usually tridentate
process on each side.

First segment slightly longer, but otherwise smaller than the second.

Segments laterally strongly, moderately or not all carinate; the dorsal face
of each provided with six bristles, sometimes rudimentary and very minute,
more or less arranged in a transverse row; each bristle usually located upon a
smaller or larger tubercle; surface otherwise smooth or roughened with tuber-
cles not setigerous.

Repugnatorial pores wanting.

Pedigerous laminee all free; pleura completely coalesced with scuta.

First, second, fourth and antepenultimate segments each bearing one pair
of legs, the third and last two footless.

Anal segment obtuse or broadly truncate, with two pupille at apex, each
ending in a long, slender bristle.

Legs seven-jointed, generally long, the third, fourth and last joints longest.

In males any of the legs of the first eight seements are subject to more or
less modification.

Genital opening of males in the coxee of the second pair of legs, as in Poly-
desmidee.

Number of segments, 26, 28, or 30, in adults; in young 28, 26, 23, 19, 15,
12, younger stages unknown.

Distribution: Europe, North America, Northern Asia and
Northern Africa.

The scarcity of individuals of this family, the small size of the
animals, and the fact that few localities outside of Hurope and
North America have been thoroughly searched, leave it entirely
probable that the above distribution will be extended to the
mountain regions of Central and South America and Asia. One
species is known from the mountains of Mexico. It is a signifi-
cant fact that not a single form has been reported from the tropi-
cal regions, and the writers are confidant, after repeated and care-

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 23

ful searches, that the family is not represented in Liberia and the
neighboring Huropean colonies of the west coast of Africa.*

The above is substantially the same characterization of this fam-
ily as that given by Latzel, with a few deviations, two of which are
noteworthy. The first is that we credit all Craspedosomatide with
six bristles to a segment, and the other that we give the number
of segments as sometimes 26 and 28, changes which we will later
on attempt to justify. The following additional description will
apply to all the American species known to us and included in
this paper. It has been our intention to omit from it no char-
acter common to all the species, no matter how unimportant any
might seem to be, and for the sake of brevity, characters given
here will not be repeated in generic and specific descriptions.

We consider it probable that most of the statements will be
found true, except where noted, for all Craspedosomatide, but as
many of them have to former writers seemed too unimportant to
be included in family descriptions, and others have not been previ-
ously recorded at all, it seemed the part cf caution not to com-
bine them with the preceding description made to accommodate
the Huropean forms, and modified only enough to admit the
American. ji

Body moderately elongate, about ten times as long as its greatest transverse
diameter; posteriorly laterally compressed (except Branneria), giving an oval
cross-section with dorso-ventral diameter greatest.

Vertex smooth, prominent, broadly and sub-angulately emarginate poster-~
iorly, sparsely hirsute with hairs of moderate length; a short, fine, median
sulcus and suture on the posterior portion ending at the point of greatest
elevation.

Clypeus not distinct from the vertex by an apparent suture,f rather flat;
lower part more hirsute, and with an elevated transverse ridge just above the
labrum.

Labrum rather long, somewhat decurved, as least as broad as the lower part
of the clypeus; corners broadly rounded, the emargination rather shallow.
There are two transverse rows of setigerous punctations as is usual in Iulide,
the upper row containing four and the lower ten punctations. ~The lateral
bristles of the upper row are farther from the median than the latter are from
each other; lower row interrupted behind the emargination.

* After the above was written Mr. Pocock published his new genus Heter-
ochordeuma from the mountains of Burmah, and we became acquainted with
the description of a New Zealand species of the family, Craspedosoma trisetosum
Hutton (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. 4, Vol. xx., p. 116, Aug. 1887.

{ Differing in this from most Inlidz and Polydesmide.

24 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

Antenne filiform or sub-clavate, moderately pilose, the hairs increasing in
length and number on the distal joints. Seventh joint of antennz with a
conic-mamillate sense-organ tipped with a long fine hair. Mandibulary stipe
with the exposed surface smooth, more or less hirsute with short hairs.

Hypostoma apparently not a part of the gnathochilarium, in the sense of
having any intimate connection with that structure. In all the species ex-
amined it appears as a chitinized ridge around the ventral side of the slender
neck of the animal.*

The stipes of the gnathochilarium are produced posteriorly far beyond the
menturn and embrace the sides of the neck, which lies in the sinus thus
formed behind (above) the mentum.

First segment semi-circular to broadly reniform in front; nearly straight
behind, except for a broad, shallow emargination in the middle; anterior mar-
gin and lateral angles with a fine raised edge; three setze on each side; sur-
face smooth.

Subsequent segment: with three sete on each side, one close to the pos-
terior angle of the lateral carina, the second slightly farther from the anterior
angle, the third about midway from the carina to the median line. On pos-
terior segments the arrangement tends toward a straight transverse line, and
the sete are longer than on anterior segments. Beginning at the middle of the
first segment and ending on the penultimate segment is a fine longitudinal
sulcus, or rather a pair of sulci with a very fine raised line between (not ap-
parent in Branneria). The surface of the segments, when not otherwise
roughened, is finely reticulate, the pattern of the reticulation varying on dif-
ferent species and different parts of the body. When carinz and tubercles
are present the exo-skeleton is scarcely thickened, the body cavity extending —
out into all prominences.

Supplementary margin not evident.

Anal segment without median furrow, truncate behind or with a broad
shallow emargination; broadly sinuate on the sides. On this segment there
are eight setigerous tubercles, two located near the middle of the dorsal sur-
face of the segment, the other six near the posterior margin, one on each side
by the sinuation, one at each corner of the emargination, and two near the
median line, these last with thickened, conic or papilliform bases.

Anal valves not strongly convex, more prominent above the middle, each
with three setze close to the margin.

Preanal scale semi-elliptical, broader than long, proved truncate posteri-
orly, with two long bristles directed backward.

Pedigerous laminze medianly produced into a conic process which lies be-
tween the approximated coxee, and has its anterior face exposed. This ex-

* Judging from the present family it would not be an antecedently improb-
able theory to regard the hypostoma as the ventral part of the first segment. In
that case it would not be necessary to consider the third segment footless, but
to suppose that the ventral plates of the second and third segments have been
crowded somewhat ahead. This also accords with the opinion of Heathcote,
the result of a study of the embryology of Iulus.

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 25

posed face may be smooth or roughened, plane or with a longitudinal carina.
On the 12th legs of males of some species the apex projects antero-ventrally
as a large conic process.

First two pairs of legs 6-jointed, the others 7- pened, by the intercalation
of a very short joint just beyond the coxa.

As the species here described have usually been placed under
the Lysiopetalide by American students of this group, it may
not be superfluous to notice a few considerations regarding the
systematic importance of the characters on which this family is
based.

The Family Chordeumidz was erected in 1847 by C. L. Koch,
his entire characterization being: “ Der Korper standhaft mit 30
Ringen,” and this would be sufficient, as far as known, to distin-
guish the European species among Chilognatha. Mature individ-
uals of certain small species of Lulide sometimes occur with as low
as 30 segments, but in no Iulus is the number of segments con-
stant. We have, however, in America at least four species of
Craspedosomatide with less than 30 segments in the mature con-
dition, a fact which might seem to militate against the validity
of the family.

The number of segments, however, though appearing to be a
character of considerable value on account of its supposed con-
stancy, is by no’ means the most important of the numerous
differences between this and other families. The more import-
ant distinctions have been neglected entirely or passed with a
mere mention because of the easy statement of which the above
apparently sufficient character was capable. In many respects
the Chordeumide are evidently the highest of the helminthomor-
phous Diplopoda, if not of the whole group.

In the first place, the head is proportionally much larger than
in any other diplopod family. Instead of being enclosed or cov-
ered by the first segment, this last structure forms a sort of neck,
fitting into the posterior concavity of the head, and allowing a
much freer motion for that member than is possible for other
Diplopoda. All the organs connected with the head are in a
comparatively high state of development. The eyes, antenne and
mandibles are all capable of more effective service than the cor-
responding structures of other families.

The legs are proportionally longer and the animals capable of
faster locomotion. This fact is correlated with the absence of re-

26 The Craspedosomatidx of North America.

pugnatorial pores as a means of defense. There is no reason for
supposing that the members of this family have or ever had any
thing like repugnatoral pores, notwithstanding such statements
as “Annuli with two pores on each side of the median line.—
Pseudotremia,”* and the characterization found in some of
the more careful European works ‘“ Repugnatorial pores obso-
lete,” or “ repugnatorial pores evanescent.” In the one case the
the sockets of the lateral setze have been taken for pores, while in
the other there has been an unwillingness to say “‘ pores want-
ing,” on account of their constant presence in other families.

The six setigerous tubercles of each segment are perhaps the
most distinctive family character. In some species the setz or
tubercles or both are microscopic and rudimentary, but this only
shows the tenacity of the character, as in no other recent family
are there similar bristles.

In common with the Lysiopetalide the pedigerous laminz are
all distinct from the otherwise complete segmental rings.

It seems to us that the combination of these last three charac-
ters, want of repugnatorial pores, six setz or spines, and the free
pedal lamine is sufficient ground for the opinion that the Cras-
pedosomatide have of all living Diplopoda the greatest resem-
blance to the carboniferous group Archipolypoda. .

That the relationship is very close we do not contend, but
merely that the similarities are greater than in other recent forms
and are not merely apparent but real. ;

The spines of existing Chordeumide are insignificant in size
when compared with those of some of the fossil genera, such as
Acantherpestes, but are the same in number, arrangement and
method of attachment to the segments, 7. e., they stand in socket-
like bases. Moreover there were other carboniferous forms
which had bristles proportionally not much, if any, larger than
those of Trichopetalum and Scoterpes, and of the same shape.

Other minor characters reinforce the above view, such as the
large size of the head, prominent eyes, fusiform, somewhat flat-
tened body and long legs.

That Chordeumidz were probably more abundant in former
geologic periods is seen from the fact that a considerable number

* Dr. Cope informed me recently that this statement was the result of acci-
dent by which the words ‘‘Spirostrephon’’ and ‘‘ Pseudotremia ’’ were substi-
tuted for each other. [O. F. C.]

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 27

of species have been described from the Baltic amber. They are
at present probably among the least numerous as far as individ-
uals of each species are concerned. North America is perhaps
to be looked upon as the headquarters of the family, on account
of the comparatively large number of generic types, though the
number of new forms yet to be discovered in Europe is probably
very great.

If the Craspedosomatidee dre the highest, in certain senses at
least, and at once the most primitive of recent Diplopoda, it fol-
lows that the other families are to be looked upon as comparatively
degraded, even if more complex, as in the addition of the repug-
natorial apparatus.

GENERIC CLASSIFICATION.

The more recent European writers have seemed inclined to in-
clude all the previously described American genera, except
Pseudotremia, under the Huropean genera Oraspedosoma and
Chordeuma. Pseudotremia was kept distinct mainly on account
of the misapprehension that it had no dorsal sete. From defer-
ence to the usually more thorough methods of the European in-
vestigators we began our study with somewhat of an expectation
of the probable correctness of their view, which we still think
was more or less justified by the incompleteness of American de-
scriptions. We were soon convinced, however, that among the
American forms are natural and compact groups of species merit-
ing generic recognition. Between the species of such groups the
characters of the antenne, eyes, body-segments, gnathochilarium,
legs and genitalia agree in indicating close affinities. Especially
valuable, by reason of their constancy and ease of expression, are
the characters of the ninth* legs of the males, and differences in
these have always been reinforced by those drawn from other
parts of the body. That these secondary sexual characters have
not had their importance generally recognized in classification
is no reason why they should not now be made available, and

* These have been referred to by Packard and others as the eighth legs, while
Latzel considers them a part of the genitalia and does not count them. We
believe it will be found more convenient to think of the eighth legs as re-
placed by the genitalia, and thus keep the numbers of legs and segments uni-
form in the sexes.

Oe” ae
a

Bais et
rue

28 The Craspedosomatidx of North America.

we helieve they are worthy of being put forward as the most
satisfactory yet suggested.

Synopsis of Genera.

INVES: PLCSOMb sche. soacescadesnedenegeideescesiicsenceeadesnses ves 4 cateste, eee ee
A :

WATE Oe again en tea iscrte eel ssomaioe seticeeeeeoner eects Ssislee « oles sleet Cc

B \ Segments 26, with numerous dorsal carinee.................... Branneria

QB OL BOs accnes claws as See chbadesseisiclamansshiecieve sees esac Cee ee eee D

C ( Sixth male legs crassate, the ninth unarmed.................... Zygonopus

r normal, claw of ninth large..............:020060 Scoterpes

D { Ninth male legs 2-jointed, without claw...........-:6..-:+2-seeecseeeeeeeeecneees E

” 4-5-joimted, with a @law.......-.<-..c.+4-<e eee F

E { Third male legs with coxse produced..............s.eseeeeeeessssereeeeeeeeeeeeeeees G

fe MOPIMAL 936 0s cise cae cence naicesncerss aecetesses ess se eee eee H

Ninth male legs embracing a bifid plate; dorsum granular.

F Pseudotremia

( without plate; not gramular................02.scceceeeeeeeeees iE

G Second male legs strongly crassate; seventh legs normal.. Underwoodia

very slender; coxee of seventh enlarged........... Caseya.

H Last joint of male legs hispid; segments 30....................000 Conotyla

not hispid; segments 28....... Trichopetalum

Ninth male legs distally clavate; second joint slender ........ Bactropus

hamate; second joint robust................+ Cleidogona

The presence or absence of eyes may not, of itself, be a suffi-
cient generic character, as Latzel has said, though it certainly
shows considerable divergence. In the preceding table this char-
acter is used merely as a convenient means of separation; the
other features we believe to be of diagnostic value. ‘

The external differences between the genera are not inconsider-
able and it is possible to separate them without dissection. To
facilitate this we add a key in which mere external characters are
employed. That new forms will soon be discovered which will
interfere with the continued utility of these keys, we can but
expect.

Artificial Key to Genera.

} BiveS) PReS@Mb.es.coc coe ce leh cei elocMausied slo mmicecitemiale ole elise soe bist ie Sana Rle meats ee eeeetetet B.
A i

WANING. Sa ce te aes Wei sklenincbensadtanttnanadae mislodaadlebuslaes ddlestecu eeeleaeae ented Cc

r Dorsum rough with numerous carine or granules........ REPRE RSEE ass nobiic D

} smooth, except the six setigerous tubercles ....................000.00+ E.

Sixth male legs crassate; the ninth unarmed................... Zygonopus

~ } normal, claw ofminth) large.:..<cic.cssaecceeseeeeor seeeriedesee Scoterpes.

D \ Length 6 mm.; segments 26; dorsum carinate.................. Branneria

| 18-30 mm.; segments 30; granulate................ Pseudotremia

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 29

MHC IEG OMIM reset emcecteacaccee smaetacs Makin sent is Sokcietecemccgsessdreasevad ses EF

B 114. 25 TAIT 64d conabab ob oede OHO SBE OSDOSRBOC OSHS CAOAU EU SE SHEE SE Ore aur oS nerer ave G
Fr Setz long; carinz large; segments 28..................... Trichopetalum
short; carinze small; segments 30................:ccceeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeneeeees H

G Carinze large; body outline serrate YE SABE ee An Aba UE aR Conotyla
TMCOMSPICUOWS OL WAMGING. oe caascesessiccesecsceceacsoscecssnecese=ceene I

Weellie 27 canimee LOUNGE ae nese. easeseeae se. PE Rte Ne ee Bactropus

ha BEM CATIMCS StRselOWWNAc.: see yere canter ecscesecesecoeceses Underwoodia
Sixth and seventh antennal joints equal, slender.............. Cleidogona

x | twice as long as seventh, stout; body striate.... .............. Caseya

To judge from the works of Latzel, Haase and Verhoeff, there
are also among the European Craspedosomatide groups of species
agreeing in secondary sexual characters, but there seems to have
been no attempt at an arrangement based on homologies of this
sort. We notice after the descriptions of the American forms
the more striking of this class of characters as exhibited in the
Kuropean genera and species, the generic descriptions being ar-
ranged on lines parallel with those previously given.

Dr. John A. Ryder was the first to use such characters as
a basis of generic distinction. In describing Zygonopus he calls
attention to the recognized importance of sexual characters in
the generic classification of other groups, notably Crustacea, and
affirms their availability in the Myriapoda.

In the Polydesmide the ninth male legs are unmodified, while in’

Craspedosomatidze we have a series of gradations from the five-
jointed down to a nearly or quite complete transformation into com-
plex genitalapparatus. In America are found the first members of
the series, from five-jointed to two-jointed, while the others are
found in Europe. It may be that in the European forms these
legs have so completely taken on the function of genitalia as to
be more susceptible of specific modification and are not of so
much value in generic distinction; in the American forms, at
least, they seem worthy of all the weight given to rudimentary
and secondary sexual characters. Among the species. already
known the form of the ninth male legs is so constant an index of
a whole complex of characters of other kinds that it is possible to
distinguish the genera by them alone, as in the following table :—

i NTE MeMiahe legs 4s Or = FOUMbEC ate ase ses iees ces ee svicens/acie's bia ciedemoste vn sup sneise B
Z=VOMMbS Crease uacioe ceniese see ue ceatlbles eb ci a ols nw slsielsleeiclet veleidie eiscisiee(eise C
R First and second joints thick, subequal in size................. Cleidogona

very large, the second cylindrical, slender........................0ses0ee- D

30 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

C Second joint rounded oval, basal joint flask-shaped...............csssseeeeeees E
much longer than wide, the first not attenate.................. F

D } Third and fourth joints subequal, narrow...............++- Pseudotremia
much longer than fourth, thicker than second............. Bactropus

E First joint gradually attenuate distad.................:eee00 Underwoodia
distally broader, notched and toothed....................+ Caseya

r Second joint with a small chitinous knob, genitalia simple.................. G
smooth ; the first attached to posterior genitalia. ... Conotyla

G ) Second joint clavate; eyes present; segments 28........ Trichopetalum
obclavate; eyes wanting; segments 30........... Zysonopus

It should be remembered, however, that these genera rest on
other characters, and that for the present, at least, the ninth legs
are not a necessity to the generic classification here adopted.

American species of this family have been referred to the fol-
lowing genera not here recognized as valid or as properly ap-
plied. It may be worth while to notice briefly the different rea-
sons for such treatment.

Spirostrephon, Brandt (1840) was erected to contain Lysio-
petalum lactartum (Say), then looked upon as one of the Iulide.
To use the name for species distinct from lactarium by differ-
ences of family importance was entirely unjustifiable.

Campodes of C. L. Koch (1847), was referred to this family by
its author, and was not heard from afterward until Mr. Bollman
identified Cryptotrichus cesioannulatus (Wood) Packard with it.
It was clear to us on reading Koch’s description with specimens
of cesioannulatus in hand that the description could not possi-
bly apply to that species, and the idea suggested itself that
Koch’s description portrayed an animal astonishingly similar to
Iulus virgatus Wood. On comparing specimens of that species
we found the agreement with the description to be complete,
down to the smallest detail mentioned. Both the varieties of
coloration which Koch described as species are also common, so
that the two can be united. Koch’s specific name (1847) ante-
dates that of Wood (1864), and the species must stand as Julus
flavicornis (Koch). The genus Campodes never had any reason
for its existence, and can be dismissed from the subject. It
might be well to add that we have found sexually mature J. flavi-
cornis with 30 segments. This species seems to be very nearly
allied to the European JI. pusillus Leach, described long before
the time of Koch, but with which he did appear to be familiar.

Craspedosoma of Leach and Rawlins (1814), is the oldest genus
of the family and contains a considerable number of European spe-

The Craspedosomatidz of North America. 31

cies, but none of these seem to have the second pair of feet of the
seventh segment with more than one joint, a club-shaped, perpen-
dicular structure, thus differing distinctly from the more closely
allied of the American genera: Conotyla, Trichopetalum, Sco-
terpes and Zygonopus.

Chordeuma, C. L. Koch. Latzel suggested the possibility that
Trichopetalum juloides Harger would be placed here. Charac-
ters drawn from the genitalia, gnathochilarium and secondary
sexual characters give ample reason for holding the American
form distinct and erecting a new genus for its reception.

Striaria has been recognized as the type of a distinct family.

Cryptotriclius Packard, is replaced by Cleidogona.

In Austro-Hungary are found two genera of Craspedosomatidz
with broad lateral carinz, Atractostoma closely resembling the
Polydesmidz, and Rhiscosoma the Polyzonide. Latzel failed to
find bristles on an immature specimen of Rhiscosoma, but as
other individuals referred to the same species had bristles we
have not lost confidence that the bristles are universal in Chor-
deumidz, more especially since finding them on Pseudotremia
where Latzel asserted their non-existence.

Humbert and Saussure * proposed to include all the species of
this family as here constituted under Craspedosoma, divided into
two subgenera, Craspedosoma, in a stricter sense, and Chordeuma,
alleging that in Craspedosoma there is a promentum distinct
from the mentum, while in Chordeuma the mentum is entire, and
rounded anteriorly. Latzel takes no notice of this distinction,
and does not describe or figure the gnathochilarium of the only
‘species, Chordeuma sylvestre Koch, leaving the implication, how-
ever, that there is no important difference in this respect, since
the family description states that the promentum is ‘“ deutlich
entwickelt, dreieckig.”

Meinert united Craspedosoma with Polydesmus, but his reasons
for so doing do not seem to include a knowledge of the more
fundamental relationship, and were matters of generic descriptions
based on external characters.

Dissection is an absolute necessity in studying the genitalia of
the smaller forms, and the greatest caution must be exercised,
for the different views of the same irregularly shaped genitalium
will look like entirely different structures. The small size of the

* Etudes sur les Myriapodes, p. 59.

32 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

members of this family makes the study and preservation of the
dissected parts difficult unless they are mounted on microscopic
shdes. This method has the further advantage of allowing corre-
sponding parts to be viewed at the same angle, so that fictitious
differences are not multiplied. Some genitalia are, however, so
irregular in shape as to make it difficult to determine a species
from one drawing alone. Descriptions of genitalia are nearly
worthless without diagrams to aid in their interpretation.

In describing the antennz we have adopted the form of a con-
tinued ratio for showing the comparative lengths of the joints.
The third joint, the longest, is taken as the standard, and given
the value 10, thus the ratio of each joint to any other can be
readily seen.

We have not attempted to describe the immature stages of the
species, since the material was not collected with a view to such
study. Young individuals of this family are less commonly
found than in the others, and are usually so delicate as to need
special care in preservation. Such observations as we have been
able to make have been entirely in the line of those of Latzel.

In the direction of describing forms and varieties we have done
equally little. This is partly due to the fact that our material
has been neither fresh nor very extensive, so that variations of
color and external characters have not been seen to advantage.

It is also due in part to the fact that we consider that in Diplo-

poda, as in Arachnida and Crustacea a different plan of male
genitalia is to be looked upon as of specific importance. There
is not in the habits and habitats of the Diplopoda apparent reason
for the multiplication of external differences, but the differences
of genitalia and secondary sexual characters are not therefore less
important when they occur, but rather more so. Until we have
a recognized criterion of what a species is, the matter of specific
classification must remain largely a question of convenience.
The characters of the genitalia indubitably have important bear-
ing on the question of specific distinctness. The ultimate value
of every difference, as a means of specific definition must of neces-
sity be settled by ascertaining the constancy of the particular
character in the forms to be separated. As a practical method
we have proceeded on the assumption that species with evident
and readily assignable differences in the genitalia should be con-
sidered distinct until the differences are shown not to be constant.

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 33

BRANNERIA Bollman, 1893.
Bulletin No. 46, U. 8. Nat. Museum, p. 158.

Eyes of numerous (16) ocelli arranged in triangular patches.

Antenne of moderate length, subclavate.

Segments depressed, with prominent lateral carinze; dorsally with numer-
ous longitudinal carinz.

Male genitalia complex.

Segments of adult 26.

We have seen four specimens of this genus, one being a mature
male, but dissection was not attempted, owing to scarcity of ma-
terial and small size.

This genus does not appear to be closely related to any other,
the sculpture of the dorsal surface being unique in the present
family, as is also the small number of segments. This last pecu-
liarity is the more interesting from the fact that European writers
have insisted that the number of segments in this family is always
30, refusing to believe the statements of American writers to the
effect that a less number occurs.

The mature male is in the collection of the University of Indi-
ana, and we did not have opportunity of making drawings or a
description of the genitalia. We were, however, able to assure
ourselves that their complexity equals or exceeds that of any
other species known to us.

Branneria carinata (Bollm.).

Craspedosoma carinatum Bollman: Ann. N. Y. Acad. IV., 109 (1888) ;
Bulletin 46, U. S. Nat. Museum, p. 83; 158.

Eyes triangular, ocelli 16, without regular arrangement.

Antenne large in proportion to the size of the animal, subclavate, the two
distal joints being equal in length, while the fifth and fourth are subequal,
each about twice the length of the seventh. Sixth joint thickest, .14 mm. in
diameter.

First segment semicircular, anteriorly rugulose and with irregular depres-
sions; along the posterior edge a row of longitudinal ridges; in front of these
are several similar ridges not arranged in a regular transverse series, and
not placed with regularity in front of those of the posterior row. A setigerous
tubercle situated at the posterior angle; another about midway between the
anterior and posterior margins, a little closer to the median line than to the
lateral corner; a third tubercle midway between the other two. Setz .1 mm.
long, slender, tapering.

Subsequent segments with the anterior subsegment covered with short,

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., IX, Oct., 1895.—3

Ty

34 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

rather irregular, longitudinal, subreticulate ridges; posterior portion an-
teriorly slightly rugulose, also finely reticulate, the reticulation extending over
the entire posterior portion of the segment; on the posterior margin is a row
of ridges similar to those of the first segment. Cephalad of these are also
irregular ridges which are sometimes in a somewhat definite series and occas-
ionally joined to those of the posterior row. Lateral carinze well developed,
the carinze and lateral surface evidently reticulate. The three tubercles are
situated, one at the posterior angle of the lateral carinz, the second at the an-
terior origin of the carina, the third between the anterior and posterior sub-
segments and about midway between the median line and the lateral carina.
On posterior segments the tubercles come to be arranged in a straight line, as
is usual in the other species of the family. Dorsal line not evident.

Anal segment rugulose, posteriorly nearly straight, not produced to cover
the anal valves. A tubercle on each side close to the median line, near the
middle of the segment.

Anal valves margined, rugulose.

Preanal scale, broadly and deeply emarginate; on each side of the emargina-
tion is a long, posteriorly directed bristle.

Length 2mm.; width .4mm. 26 segments.

Color horn-brown, the feet paler and the antennz darker than the body.

Habitat: Beaver Creek, Jefferson Co., Tenn., Prof. J. C.
Branner; Little Rock, Ark., Mr. C. H. Bollman, U. 8S. Nat.
Museum, No. 164. .

The head is proportionally smaller in this species than in the
others known to us. The small size, fewer segments and poly-
desmoid characters seem to indicate a depauperate form.

The pair of large terminal spines with papillate bases were not
present, but it is probable that they had been broken off. The
small size of the animal makes it impossible to distinguish their
soekets.

By “lateral plates distinct ” Mr. Bollman probably intended to
imply that the lateral carinz are evident. There is nothing sug-
gestive of the distinct pleurz of the Glomeride.

PSEUDOTREMEA Cope, 1869.

Journ. Am. Philos. Soc., XI, p. 179. .

Eyes moderately developed, of numerous (13-27) ocelli arranged in irregu
lar patches.

Antenne very long and slender, third joint longest.

Mandibles with 12 pectinate lamelle.

Promentum present, triangular.

Segments with swollen, shoulder-like carinze, the lateral surface longitudi-
nally striate, the dorsal uneven with rounded tubercles; setz short, clavate.

Bae
a

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 35

First two pairs of legs of male short and slender, the next five pairs longer
and much crassate.

Anterior male legs hispid on the interior face of the last joint.

Ninth pair of legs of male four-jointed and clawed, the basal joint large and
thick, inferiorly deeply sinuate; second joint slender, cylindrical; distal joints
short, the apical conic. The basal joints embrace a bifid lamina (see fig. 6).

Tenth and eleventh legs of male with large coxal apertures; the cox of
the eleventh legs with a conical process at base.

Pedigerous laminze with a vertical carina. Segments of adult 30.

The two known species of this genus inhabit caves, and have
been collected in Virginia, Kentucky and Indiana. They are not,
however, to be looked upon as cave animals in the strictest sense
of the word, as they are provided with eyes. The eyes are less
numerous and less prominent than in the other large species, and
seem sometimes not to be fully pigmented. That the number has
been reduced by cave life is an unsafe inference. The Polydes-
midz,have no eyes and yet very few are cave species.

The legs and antennez are proportionally the longest of any
Diplopoda known to us. That this is due to cave life cannot be
maintained, for such thoroughly cavernicolous species as Sco-
terpes copet and Zygonopus whiter do not have longer antenne
than some of the open-air forms.

The proximal three or four pectinate lamelle of P. cavernarum
have the apices of the spines bifid. We have not made suffici-
ently numerous dissections to be confident that this is a constant
character, but its occurrence is certainly worthy of note, for such |
a condition does not seem to have been recorded.

The sculpture of the dorsal surface is also characteristic, none
of the subsequent genera being roughened except by very fine
areolation, excepting also, of course, the six setigerous tubercles.
The caring also are somewhat squarer and higher up, making the i
dorsal surface flatter than in other American genera, although
the body as a whole is not depressed.

In a description of this genus, purporting to be drawn from
specimens sent by Dr. A. S. Packard, Jr., Latzel * says: ‘‘ Die 6
Borsten und die zugehorigen Wartzchen fehlen ganz.” The
bristles must have been rubbed off in sending, as is usually the
case, though some of the bristles of the posterior segments can
nearly always be found.

* Myr. d. Ost.-Ung. Mon. Bd. II. pp. 64 and 214,

ae
. "? ‘

36 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

Pseudotremia cavernarum Cope.

Pseudotremia cavernarum Cope : lean Philos. Soc., XI, pp. 179 (1869) ;
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., May, 1870, p. 67.

Spirostrephon cavernarum Cope: Am. Nat. VI, 1872, pp 409.

P. cavernarum Cope, Ryder: Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. III, 1881, pp. 526; Mc-

Neill, Bull. No. 3, Brookville Soc. pp. 8 (1888); Bollman, Ibid. XI,
1888, pp. 405; Bulletin 46, U.S. N. M., pp. 106.

Body somewhat fusiform, broadest anteriorly at about the fifth or sixth
segment, narrowed abruptly cephalad, and gradually caudad to the last two or
three segments, which are narrowed very abruptly. Carine moderate, situated
above the middle line of side.

Clypeus near the middle with two well-pronounced depressions about the
size of the antennal sockets; below are two smaller depressions subconfluent:
with the others.

Eyes more or less triangular in form, sometimes elongate or lunate, ocelli
varying from 13 to 17, usually 15 or 16, without regularity of arrangement.

Antennee filiform, 4-4.5 mm. long, .18-.22 mm. thick, moderately pilose,
approximate ratio of lengths of joints to each other, beginning with the sey—
enth, 2: 3:8: 6: 10: 4:1:

Mentum subrectangular, twice as broad as long, the anterior and lateral mar-
gins convex, the posterior concave.

Promentum without hairs, triangular, broader than long (8:5), sides nearly
straight, posterior corners not reaching the stipes.

Stipes with base of inner process more than half the length of outer process;
lateral edge of outer process with cones nearly to base.

Lingual lobes subequal to lingual lamineze, with five sense-cones.

Middle lobe nearly square in front, twice as broad as long, subequal to.
lingual laminz.

Styliform process deeply trilobed.

First segment anteriorly nearly semicircular, slightly concave behind,
medianly broadly emarginate. Anterior margin elevated, as well as the
posterior along the emargination. Surface smooth; a fine furrow on each side
of a median ridge, beginning about the middle of the segment and extending
to the posterior margin. On each side three setigerous tubercles, one situated
near the longitudinal middle of the segment near the median line, a second
close to the lateral angle, the third on the posterior edge of the corner. The
lateral bristles measure .2 mm. in length.

Subsequent segments with the posterior subsegment coarsely tuberculate on
its dorsal portion; laterally and ventrally with about 12 longitudinal stria-
tions; the superior striation is the largest, being on the portion of the segment.
laterally most prominent, and is directed obliquely, the posterior end lower
down. Onthe superior edge of the posterior end of the carina is a slight pro-
tuberance bearing a short, clavate bristle; on the anterior edge of the elevated
portion of the posterior subsegment are two similar slight protuberances the
outer of which bears a similar clavate bristle. On the anterior segments the
surface of the median portion of the posterior subsegments is smooth, the

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 37

tubercles being confined to the sides of the dorsal surface; tubercles become
more numerous caudad to about the twentieth segment, where they begin to
be gradually obliterated, so that the last few segments are nearly smooth. On
the other hand, the bristle-bearing tubercles become larger and the bristles
longer on the posterior segments. The tubercles, especially the lateral, are
conical or papiliform, and tipped, especially the lateral and posterior ones,
with a very short seta. The circular, light-colored bases of the other clavate
or long setze distinguish them at once from ordinary tubercles. On posterior
segments the six bristle-bearing protuberances become more and more arranged
in a straight transverse row. ‘The fine median ridge located in a shallow fur-
row is continued from the first segment to the penultimate.

In males the sixth and seventh segments are noticeably larger than the
others, being both longer and broader.

Anal segment with surface smooth, very slightly hirsute with short ee
Posterior margin deflexed, squarely notched in the middle, deeply sinuate on
the sides. On each angle of the emargination is a setigerous tubercle.

Anal valves margined, slightly rugulose, the ridges running oblique to the
anal opening, three setigerous tubercles at intervals, near the inner margins
of the valves.

First pair of legs of male six-jointed, the joints, beginning with the coxa,
respectively, .20, .06, .50, .20, .16, and .60 mm. long; width of third joint .14
mm. The joints are not specially modified, nor roughened except by sparse
hairs. ‘Two small superior secondary claws.

‘Second legs of male also six-jointed, the joints, excepting coxa, measuring
.08, .50, .22, .16, and .60 mm. long; third joint .16 mm. wide.

Third legs of male seven-jointed, as are all the others (except the ninth),
joints measuring .30, .08, .40, .60, .26, .20 and .64 mm. in length; width of
first joint .40 mm. ‘The seventh joint has the distal part of the inferior sur-
face beset with fine bayonet-like processes, as described for Conotyla fischeri.
Two small superior secondary claws.

Fourth legs of male with joints .34, .06, .40 .60, .26, .20 and .60 mm. long;
width of first joint .34 mm.; seventh joint as on third legs. ‘Two superior
secondary claws.

Fifth legs of male with joints .34, .06, .60 .74, .34, 20 and .66 mm. long;
first joint .34 mm. wide; otherwise as for third legs.

Sixth legs of male with joints .40, .06, .54, .72, .30, .20, and .64 mm. long;
first joint .30 mm. wide.

Seventh legs of male with joints .40, .06, .56, .'74, .30, .20 and .68 mm. long;
width of first joint .30 mm. Inferior surface of coxa covered with small
rounded knobs. Otherwise as for third legs.

Male genitalia (plate I, figs. 2 and 3) very complex, consisting of four
different structures:

1. An irregular, deeply bifid lamina (fig. 2) broad at base, the lobes
crossed by a very prominent, rounded, eee elevation, projecting mesad, be-
yond which they are narrowed to bidentate apex, the teeth diverging, one
curved laterad, the other caudad. A side view (fig. 3) shows that the mesal
edge of the inner tooth is continuous with a broad subvertical lamina,

bp
;

38 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

concave on the outside. This whole structure is probably articulated toa large
basal joint which bears a few spines along its lateral margin.

2. An unpaired median, slender curved spine, bifid at the tip, the teeth
sharp-pointed, decurved and diverging. Proximally the spine is thicker, some-
what compressed laterally, broader dorso-ventrally, and projects through the fis-
sure of the large lamina described above. Our drawing (fig. 2) might be
thought to indicate that this structure comes from one side, but this is not the
case.

3. Caudad and laterad is on either side a slender, two-jointed, apically
bifid, styliform structure, curved cephalo-ventrad toward the apex. But one
of these is shown in our drawing (fig. 3, to the right).

4. Between the enlarged basal joints of the ninth pair of legs is a subplane
deeply bifid lamina, the lobes of which are more or less deeply bifid with
divaricate subdivisions. Our drawing (plate I, fig. 6) is from a specimen
in which the inner edge of the primary lobe is merely emarginate.

Ninth legs of male 4-jointed, the basal joint subequal in length to the
others taken together, and of twice the diameter; on the mesal face this joint
is deeply excavate near the base and again slightly above the middle, the sin-
uses Separated by a large rounded knob, bearing on its upper side a conical
chitinized tubercle. Second joint slender, cylindrical, much longer than two
distal joints taken together, sometimes twice as long. Third joint about as.
long as broad; apical joint somewhat conic, exceeding the third in length.
Claw sometimes large and distinctly hooked, at others reduced to a shapeles
chitinous tubercle. :

Tenth legs of male with joints .34, .06, .54, .74, .26, .20 and .80 mm. long.
Distal inferior surface of coxa with a large slightly elevated cushion of small,
rounded knobs. Third joint with the inferior surface sparsely covered with
rounded knobs somewhat larger than those of the coxa. Fourth joint prox-
imally with a few knobs similar to those of the third joint. Seventh joint
and secondary claws as given for third legs. The secondary claws of this
species are situated farther distad on main claw than those described in the
species of other genera.

Eleventh leg with joints .46, .08, .56, .70, .26, .18 and .78 mm. in length;
width of first joint .30 mm. The first joint with a cone .12 mm. long and .08
mm. wide about the middle of the inferior surface; just distad of this a convex
area covered with small, rounded knobs, as is also the inferior surface of the
third joint. Seventh joint as in the preceding. ‘Two superior secondary
claws.

Color, according to Cope, varying from nearly white to a pale red. We
have seen only alcoholic specimens and these vary from a dirty white to pale
horn-color.

Length of mature specimens 18 mm.; width 1.5 mm.

Habitat: Southern Virginia, first collected by Dr. H. D. Cope
in Erhart’s Cave, Montgomery Co., and in Spruce Run and Big

Stony Creek Caves, Giles Co.; Tennessee, Lost Creek Cave,
Granger Co., also Nickajack Cave (Dr. Cope); Indiana, Wyan-

The Craspedosomatidx of North America. 39

dotte Cave, Bradford and Marengo Caves, Crawford Co. (Drs.
Cope and Packard and Mr. Bollman).

We have examined about seventy specimens from Wyandotte
and Marengo Caves. The proportions of the sexes are about
equal. U.S. Nat. Museum, Nos. 87, 420, 421 and 438.

Dr. Cope remarks: ‘ This animal inhabits the deepest re-
cesses of the numerous caves which abound in Southern Virginia,
as far as human steps can penetrate. I have not seen it near their
mouths, though its eyes are not undeveloped, or smaller than
those of many living in the forests. Judging from its remains,
which one finds under stones, it is an abundant species, though
rarely seen by the dim light of a candle even after considerable
search. Five specimens only were procured from about a dozen
caves.”

In Indiana, on the contrary, Dr. Packard found specimens in a
small grotto, and that these were paler and had more rudimentary
eyes than those collected in the Senate Chamber of Great Wvyan-
dotte Cave, three miles from daylight.

According to Dr. Packard* the eyes of this species have no neu-
ral connection with the brain, or rather, he failed to find an optic
nerve after cutting over 400 sections. The origin of the speci-
“mens sectioned is not stated,and the conditions may differ in the
species, as does the development of the eyes. Dr. Packard con-
sidered P. carterensis to be a variety of the present species, but
we are unwilling to believe that its well-developed eyes are func-
tionless.

As might be expected in a species limited in habitat, but with
an extensive range there seems to be a large amount of variation
in nearly all the characters, even those of the genitalia. It will
not be surprising if a further study shows that some of these forms
are sufficiently differentiated to merit specific recognition. While
our material was abundant it was all alcoholic, and the structure
of these animals is so fragile that a thorough examination can
scarcely be made without the destruction of the specimen.

The median process separates it from the other American
genera, and indeed from all others. The genitalia of Craspe-
dosoma rawlinsi, however, have two similarly placed slender
processes suggestive of homology.

“The Cave Fauna of North America, p. 113.

7 an
Kt
.

40 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

Pseudotremia carterensis Bollman, 1888.

P. cavernarum var. carterensis Packard: Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. XXI., p. 188
(1883).

P. carterensis Bollman: Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum XI., 1888, p. 405; Bulle-
tin 46 U. S. Nat. Museum, p. 107.

Eyes of 17-25 ocelli, grouped in triangular patches, but usually not in re-
gular rows.

Posterior subsegments dorsally densely and evenly tuberculate with rounded
elevations of somewhat equal size.

Male genitalia (plate I, figs. 9, 10) consisting of three structures:

1. A thin subplane lamina, with subparallel sides, one of which turns dis-
tally at a sharp angle and is produced into a tapering though blunt-pointed
process. The other margin is broadly sinuate, the distal half fimbriate with
fine short hairs, the apical corner cut into longer lacineze.

2. A thin lamina apically curved upon itself and tapering toa point. A
duct can be traced from the base to the apex.

3. A bifid subplane lamina, lying between the bases of the ninth pair of
legs, similar to that described for P. cavernarum.

Color above dark horn-brown, sometimes variously mottled with yellow on
the the carinze; below, and basal joints of legs yellowish in alcoholic speci-
mens, the apical joints and antennze horn brown. Length 23-30 mm. in ma-
ture individuals; diameter 2.5-3 mm.

Habitat: ‘The Carter Caves, Kentucky, viz.: Bat Cave, X
Cave and Zwingler’s Cave, besides a cave across the road from
the hotel, which is used as an ice-house,” (Dr. Packard); Wyan-
dotte Cave (Mr. Bollman). We have seen four individuals from
Wyandotte Cave (U.S. N. M. 436).

This species is the largest member of the family yet known
from North America, and appears very distinct from P. caver-
narum in its dark brown color and larger size. A careful exam-
ination, however, reveals the closest similarity in minor details,
and we have not made our desciption extensive, for beyond the
characters noticed above all the statements made for P. caver-
narum seem to apply to this species. The eyes are more promi-
nent and better pigmented, the segments more evenly tuberculate,
the color darker, the size usually larger, and the genitalia en-
tirely different. The antennez and the relative proportions of
their joints are variable in both species and we have been unable
to observe any constant difference.

That the species, however, is valid cannot be doubted. The
male genitalia have but little similarity of detail with those of
P. cavernarum. At the same time the legs of the ninth pair are

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 41

practically undistingnishable from those of the former species,
thus showing that variation in the genitalia proper does not af-
fect these neighboring structures, making their use as generic
characters desirable.

According to Dr. Packard this is ‘‘ what may be called a ‘ twi-
light’ species, living in small caves in situations partially lighted.”
In this connection it ought to be remembered that nearly all Dip-
lopoda are nocturnal and lucifugous. It would not be a surprise
to us if careful collecting in the neighborhood of the caves should
reveal many of the so-called species in dark corners and crevices
of rocks along with the open air species. There has been much
more careful collecting in the caves than outside.

CLEIDOGONA gen. noy.

Cryptotrichus || Packard, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. X.XTI, p. 189 (1883).
Spirostrephon Wood, not of Brandt; Pseudotremia Cope pp.; Campodes Boll-
man, not of C. L. Koch.

Eyes well developed, of numerous (25-29) prominent ocelli arranged in
triangular patches.

Antenne filiform, very long and slender; third joint longest.

Mandibles with 12 pectinate lamellee.

Promentum present, triangular.

Segments with lateral carinze nearly obsolete; setigerous tubercles very
small.

First two pairs of legs small and slender, the next five pairs in males mod-
erately crassate.

Anterior male legs hispid on the interior face of the last joint.

Genitalia of male of two pairs of processes, the posterior articulated with
the anterior at base.

Ninth legs of male 5-jointed and clawed; two basal joints large, subequal in
length; three distal joints small, forming a hook.

Tenth and eleventh legs of male with large coxal apertures; coxa of
eleventh leg with a conic process, the third joint unmodified.

Pedigerous lamina of twelfth legs of male produced at apex into a large
conic process directed cephalad.

Segments of adult 30.

Distribution: Hastern States; reported from Minnesota and
- Arkansas; thus far we have been unable to find it in western
Ontario, central New York, Long Island, Connecticut and the
eastern shore of Maryland.

That the affinities of Cleidogona are with Pseudotremia may
be inferred from the numerous characters common to both genera.

42 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

At the same time the differences are so great that to unite the
genera as several authors have done seems unwarranted. In ad-
dition to the above diagnosis, the following description applies
to the species noticed in this paper :—

Body fusiform, broadest in the anterior portion, narrowed very abruptly
cephalad, very gradually caudad; in cross-section circular, slightly compressed
dorso-ventrally in front of the middle, slightly compressed laterally caudad.
Carinze very small, placed near the middle line of side.

Vertex prominent, nearly smooth, shining.

Clypeus sparsely hirsute with short and long hairs; a prominent transverse
supralabral ridge, above which are a few more or less evident fine transverse
wrinkles. Along the lateral margins a deep, somewhat oblique furrow cury-
ing mesad below, above the transverse ridge.

Eyes in a triangular patch, arranged in several transverse rows; as in other
genera there is usually one ocellus on the lateral margin above the upper row,
with which it is usually counted.

Antennz moderately hirsute, the distal joints more hirsute than the basal.
Approximate proportions of lengths of joints beginning with the seventh,
3: 3:7: 5.5: 10: 5: 2.

First segment, viewed from above, pointed reniform; surface smooth, ex-
cepting three very small light-colored protuberances on each side; the lateral
located at the extreme corner of the superior surface of the segment; the second
a short distance mesad and cephalad from the first; the third nearer to the
median line than to the second. ‘The bristles measure as much as .15 mm. in
length.

Subsequent segments with the lateral carinze more pronounced for six or
seven segments, whence they decrease in size. On the anterior segments the
lateral bristle-bearing protuberance is close to the posterior margin; on suc-
ceeding segments it is not so close, until the antepenultimate is reached. As
the carinee decrease the bristles of the lateral protuberances increase, poster-
liorly; they are directed horizontally and appressed to the side of the body.
The middle pair of protuberances approach the median line on posterior seg-
ments, and the six bristles are more and more nearly arranged in a straight
transverse row. A fine median ridge placed in a furrow runs from the first to
the last segment.

Anal segment without median furrow or ridge; broadly truncate or slightly
emarginate posteriorly and deeply sinuate on the sides; with eight bristles, of
which two are located on the anterior portion, near the median line; the others
are directed more or less-horizontally from the posterior margin. The median
pair have thickened conical bases nearly as long as the slender bristles rising
from them. The other bristles are located at the corners of the truncation
and the upper part of the lateral sinuation. Posterior margin very thick and
slightly grooved posteriorly.

Anal valves slightly exceeding the anal segment, not strongly convex, more
prominent above the middle, and angulate, the margins scarcely raised; above
on each side with three bristles at equal distances from each other.

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 43

Preanal scale semi-elliptical, broader than long, broadly truncate poster-
iorly; with two long slender bristles directed backward from near the posterior
margin, and appressed to the anal valves.

First two pairs of legs much smaller than the others; next five pairs in male
erassate. Legs 10-12 longest, the legs decreasing both in length and thickness
caudad, so that the last pairs are very slender. :

Second legs of male with a regular row of spines bordering the last joint on
the ventral edge.

Legs 3-7 not specially modified, further than being crassate, and hispid on
the ventral face of the last joint.

Male genitalia of two pairs of appendages, the posterior jointed at base to
the anterior. The anterior pairs larger than the other and curved back-
ward, the posterior is more or less clavate or capitate.

Ninth legs of male 5-jointed, the two proximal joints subequal in size and
length; the other three very small; the last joint somewhat longer than either
of the two preceding. The shape of the joints differs somewhat in the differ-
ent species. -

Tenth leg of male with a conic process on the ventral face somewhat beyond
the middle of the proximal joint.

Tenth and eleventh legs of male with large apertures in the basal portion of
the coxz. Sometimes the apertures have raised rims which alter the outline
of the joint when viewed from in front or behind, and sometimes a membrane
or hardened secretion projects from the aperture.

Color purplish horn-brown, usually dark, mottled and marbled with pink-
ish or dirty white.

Cleidogona cx#sioannulata (Wood).

Spirostrephon czsioannulatus Wood: Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. XIII, p. 194
(1865).

Pseudotremia cesioannulatus Cope: Journ. Am. Philos. Soc. XI, p. 179.

Spirostrephon cesioannulatus Ryder: Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum ILI, p. 526
(1881).

Cryptotrichus cesioannulatus (Wood) Packard: Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. X XI,
p. 190 (1883); McNeill, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum X, p. 333 (1887);
Bull. No. 3, Brookville Soc. p. 8 (1888).

Campodes flavicornis Bollman (not C. L. Koch): Entomologica Americana
IV, p. 1 (1888) ( Compodes fuscicornis and Pseudotremia vudii are also
here placed as synonyms by Bollman) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. X, p.
109 (1888) ; Proc. U.S. Nat. Museum XI, pp. 340, 344 and 405 (1888);
Bulletin 46 U. S. Nat. Mus. pp. 73, 83, 91, 96, 106, 120, 150, 181 and
183.

Eyes more or less triangular in form, of about 25 ocelli, six of which border
on the margin of the vertex, and if grouped in rows parallel to these appear to
be arranged 6+5+5+4+43+2-+ (sometimes) 1==25 or 26. If the rows are
looked upon as transverse the numbers are, beginning posteriorly, 1+-1+-2--
3+4-+5+5-+4=25, or diagonally 14-6+6-++5--4+3 = 25.

44 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

Antenne filiform, 3 mm, long, .16 mm. thick.

Male genitalia (figs. 138, 139, 145-148, 150), with the anterior and larger

arm bent abruptly caudad (or dorsad). At apex it is more or less bifid, with
the outer lobe longer, so that seen from below the end appears either more or
less truncate, or if the animal is tilted so as to look more directly at the apical
portion of the genitalia the appearance is that of figures 139 and 146. This
last is somewhat of a side view as well. The longer lobe is at apex more or
less fimbriate on the posterior side.

Posterior arm of genitalium clavate, the apex curved toward the anterior
arm. The shape will be seen to vary considerably in the three figures 138,
147, 150; from the explanation of plates it will be seen that the figures are
from different localities, and further study may necessitate another disposition
of the different forms.

Ninth legs of male (figs. 144-145) with basal joint moderately emar-
ginate-on the ventral side, near the base; toward the apex, on the same side, is
a sharp tubercle directed distad. Second joint nearly half as broad as long, the
greatest diameter at about two-thirds of its length, gradually narrower below,
more abruptly so above. Three distal joints small, together equal in length
to about half the second joint. Last joint nearly equal in length to the two
preceding, constricted above the middle and obliquely crossed on the an-
terior side, just below the constriction, by an oblique ridge the edge of which
is Sharp and spinose-laciniate, giving the appearance of another joint. Two
proximal joints with few hairs, the three distal increasingly hirsute. Claw
nearly normal, one evident supplementary claw.

Color of alcoholic specimens: Head dark brown, lighter above; the man-
dibulary stipes areolate, pale lines separating darker areas; antennz dark
brown.

Body usually with a yellowish median longitudinal line of greater or less
width, on each side of which is a usually broader dark line, below this a nar-
nower yellow one, and then another dark line or longitudinal row of dark
spots. Ventral surface yellow, legs pallid, or the distal joints dark. On each seg-
ment the brown color is much darker on the posterior subsegments; that of the
anterior portion has sometimes a bluish tinge. The median yellow line is fre-
quently obsolete, and the lateral reduced to a row of transversely oblong
spots. In the dorsal dark lines there are, on each segment, two longitudinally
oval or circular small yellow spots, in which the small bristle-bearing pro-
tuberances are located. Even when the lateral yellow line is presents there is,
below the outer of these spots a brighter, longitudinally oval spot. ‘The
lateral bristle-bearing protuberance is located in the upper part of the lateral
dark line and is colored yellow. Length 14-16 mm; width 1.5.

Habitat: In the U. 8S. Nat. Museum are the following
numbers labeled Campodes flavicornis by Bollman. While there
was supposed to be but one species in the genus determination
was comparatively easy, but it is now impossible to assign speci-
mens to the different species without a dissection or at least a

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 45

very careful examination of the male genitalia. Hence the deter- |
mination of the female and young specimens is in the present
state of our knowledge impossible, and these and the other re-
ports of the species have value only in showing the distribution
of the genus. Sometimes two species were found in the same
bottle. Nos. 18 and 28, Bloomington, Indiana, largely young
Specimens. The whole ones have 26 segments; No. 67, Fort
Snelling, Minnesota, a female; No. 159 Little Rock, Arkansas, a
female; No. 197, Mossy Creek, Tennessee, a female; No. 247,
Chapel Hill, N. C.,a male, but not dissected; No. 325, Winona
Minnesota, immature; Nos. 16, 442, 444, 448 no localities given,
probably from Indiana.

Besides the localities mentioned, specimens of this species have
been reported under one or the other of its synonyms, from the
following places:

Alleghany county, Pennsylvania (Wood); Culmana, Alabama,
or Ocean Springs, Mississippi (Packard); Monroe county, Indiana
(McNeill); Beaver Creek, Jefferson county, Hast Tennessee (Boll-
man); Washington, D. C. (Bollman); Bloomington, la Fayette
and Salem, Indiana (Bollman). We found about a dozen speci-
mens among leaves in rather dry woods near the Catholic Uni-
versity, Washington, D. C., October, 1894. These are represented
by figures 138-143.

The above description was made from the U. S. Nat. Museum
material (No. 16, no locality given, but probably from Indiana)
from which figures 145-148 were drawn. We cannot, however,
be confident that either the description or figures apply to the
original cxesioannulatus. Descriptions under this name have
been published by Wood, Packard and McNeill. None of the
characters given by the earlier writers are more than generic,
with the possible exception of the size. According to Wood’s
original description the length was “about an inch.” ‘The only
species known to us to which this is applicable is C. major, from
Washington, D.C. Wood’s type specimen was from Alleghany
County, Pa., and is probably no longer in existence. The only
specimens of the genus in the museum of the Philadelphia Acad-
emy are a female specimen and a half labeled, probably by Dr.
Wood, cexsioannulatus. They were collected by Dr. Leidy in
West Virginia, and are rather large, of light color, and perhaps
more fusiform than usual, in which characters they agree with
C. major.

46 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

Packard’s material was from Alabama or Mississippi. The
length is given as 15 mm., from which facts if we may infer any-
thing it is that the species studied by Dr. Packard is likely to
have been different from the type of Wood. The matter is
further complicated by the fact that we have found two distinet
species in the vicinity of Washington, D. C., and three in the
material referred by Bollman, and probably also by McNeill, to
C. cxesioannulata. One of these Indiana species was described
by MeNeill, who was the first to give characters available in
drawing specific distinctions.

The description was confined to the ninth leg of the male. He
says: ‘ The eight * pairs of legs are modified as follows: joints
“six, 7. e., femur and tibia, and four tarsal joints united to form a
hook. The basal joint is slightly lengthened and curved upward
nearly parallel to the body. The tibia is compressed, and gradu-
ally enlarged to a point one-third its length from the distal end ;
from this point it is abruptly constricted so that the diameter of
the proximal and distal ends is about the same. The enlarge-
ment of the tibia is on its ventral side and ends in a tubercle
which does not bear a seta. The four tarsal joints (with the dis-
tal third of the tibia) form a semicircular hook tipped with a nor-
mal claw. The two proximal joints of the hook are equal in size,
cylindrical, length equal to the diameter. The last joints are
conical and very small. The length of the four tarsal joints is
equal to the greatest diameter of the tibia. Femur and tibia are
white and not pilose, the hook is brown and pilose.”

If we interpret this by the light of the accompanying drawing
(reproduced as fig. 149), it will be seen that the ninth leg differs
considerably from those studied by us (ef. figures 117, 127, 140,
145, 162, 163, 167, 168). The number of distal joints is different,
as well as the shape of the large proximal joint. What appears
like a small basal joint is not explained in the description quoted.
The description also mentions a tubercle on the tibia, but the
figure does not show it. One of the Indiana species, however,
has such a tubercle (cf. fig. 163). This suggests that the draw-
ing and the description may not have been made from the same ~

* Not counting the genitalia.

{+ This is probably to be explained by the fact that in the specimen repre- .
sented by fig. 145 there is a somewhat oblique ridge across the last joint (ef.
figs. 145 and 145a).

The Craspedosomatide of North America. AT

specimens, since it is extremely likely, to judge from the Indiana
material we have studied, that Mr. McNeill’s numerous specimens
represented more than one species.

In addition to that of the ninth leg, Mr. McNeill gives a figure
of the genitalia. In his explanation this is said to be plate xii,
figure 5. This figure bears no resemblance to the genitalia of
Chordeumidz, but has evidently been transposed with figure 5 of
the preceding plate, which we here reproduce (fig. 150). It so far
resembles figure 147 as to make its specific distinctness a matter
of doubt. The resemblance between figures 150 and 138 is more
striking. Figure 138 represents a specimen collected at Wash-
ington, D. C., which would give the species a considerable range,
leaving it entirely probable that it may be found in Alleghany
county, Pa.; thus the question of what Cleidogona cxstoannu-
lata really is seems likely to be settled in one of two ways.
Hither we must retain McNeill’s form as representing the species
because he was the first to describe it in a tangible way, or we
must find by collecting what species is found in the indicated part
of Pennsylvania. The only clue seems to be the size. The Indi-
ana material we have seen is only 14-16 mm. long. If there
should prove to be one species in Alleghany county ‘about an
inch’ in length, we must call it cestoannulata. In the meantime
species indicated by McNeill should have the use of the name
unless a new one is to be made.

The Washington, D. C. specimens (figs. 138-143) differ some-
what in the shape of the gentitalia and ninth legs of male, espec-
ally in that the distal joints of the latter are in the Washington
specimens short and thick, while those of figure 145 are the long-
est we have seen. Notwithstanding, there is not the same neces-
sity of distinguishing the forms specifically as appears in the
other species in which the genitalia are so different as to leave no
room for doubt.

Cleidogona major sp. n.

Plates VI and VII, figures 110-137.

Eyes triangular, the ocelli in transverse rows as follows: 1+7+6+5+4+
3-++2+ 1—29, in oblique rows: 1+1+2+3-+4+5+6+7= or in vertical rows:
8+6+5+44342+1.

Male genitalia (figs. 128-130) with anterior arm much curved at base,
nearly straight at apex and bilobed, but not deeply as in C. cesioannulata ;
apical sinus broad and rounded (cf. fig. 129, an apical view). On the anterior

48 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

ventral face there is a deep groove, and some distance below the apex a broad
lateral emargination. Near the base of the posterior arm are a few long bris-
tles. Posterior arm abruptly capitate, laterally with a rounded projection
above.

Ninth legs of male (fig. 127) with basal joint broadly emarginate on the
ventral side, very prominent above, sometimes truncate; without tubercle.
Second joint three times as long as broad, the line of the ventral side being
gently curved, not with a sharp turn at the greatest diameter. Distal joints
rather stout, with a similar ridge across the anterior side as described for C.
cesioannulata. Claw rather small.

Color horn-brown, mottled with pinkish white. Head dark brown, es-
pecially the vertex, more or less mottled with white in fine points arranged
in irregular areas, with more or less bilateral symmetry. Lower part of
clypeus nearly white. Margin of labrum transparent yellowish.

Segments with exposed portion dark brown above, dirty-white below. An-
terior subsegment pale, except where exposed. A pale transverse line is usu-
ally present along the suture between the subsegments; dorsally the suture is
especially on anterior segments, sinuate, and sometimes the lighter color runs
back on the median line. The six sete of each segment are located in light
spots, and between the outer pairs of sete there isa large transverse area
coarsely mottled, bounded in front and behind by a dark line. The posterior
line is extended below the outer seta and is broader, so that the animal ap-
pears to have a row of lateral spots. Below the spots the color rapidly fades
to yellowish white. On posterior segments the dark color of the dorsum
is darker than on the anterior, the lighter spots smaller, but more vivid.

Legs with basal joints dirty white, the distal dark brown.

Antenne very dark, except a short pale ring at the base of each joint.

Length of mature males 18-20 mm., width 2.2-2.4 mm.; length of females
20-24 mm., width 2 mm.

Habitat: Washington, D. C. Nine mature specimens, including
three males, were collected among leaves on a wooded hillside in
the Zodlogical Park, Washington, D. C., October, 1894.

This species, from its great size, seems likely to have been the
original of cxsioannulata, and may be taken as the type of the
genus Cleidogona. It also seems more related to the species iden-
tified by McNeill as cestoannulata than do the three following
species. It is possible that this species is among those reported
as Campodes flavicornis, but we did not recognize it among the
specimens from the National Museum.

Cleidogona laminata sp. n.

Plate IX, figures 164-171.
Eyes as in C. major, ocelli of the same number, arranged in transverse row:

8161544431241.

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 49

Genitalia of male (figs. 165, 166) with the anterior arms oblique, deeply
bifid at apex, the lobes subequal, but of different shape; the inner somewhat
resembling in outline the head of a bird; the outer more or less truncate and
fimbriate along the inner edge distad. Posterior arms clavate, somewhat
acuminate at apex and with a notch on the median face. Below, attached to
the anterior arm, and somewhat embracing the posterior is on each side a thin
lamina.

Ninth legs of male (figs. 167, 168) with the basal joint broad below and
deeply emarginate above. From the posterior face projects mesad a triangular
plate dentate on the proximal edge, partly covering the emargination, and
_ giving the appearance of a deep notch when the leg is viewed from the pos-
terior side. Second joint more slender than in the other species, more than
three times as long as broad 7:2. Proximal joints with scattering hairs, the
distal increasingly hirsute. Claw rather small.

Tenth legs of male (fig. 170) with margins of coxal apertures produced,
and the inner edge of the coxa somewhat emarginate.

Eleventh legs of male (fig. 171) with the conic process rather short and
blunt.

Color of alcoholic specimens, probably faded, horn brown, darker above,
gradually changing to dirty white below. The spots described for the pre-
ceding species are present, but are less distinct, so that the animal appears
nearly concolorous unless more closely examined.

Length of male 15.5 mm.; width 2 mm.

Habitat: Locality unknown, probably Indiana, U. 8. Nat.
Museum, No. 427, a male and two female specimens. In the
form of the genitalia and ninth legs this species seems very
distinct. .

Cleidogoma forceps sp. n.
Plate IX, figures 159-163.

Male genitalia with anterior arms broad below, gradually narrowed, then
dilated and again narrowed, deeply bilobed at apex, not decurved; superior
lobe broadly notched at apex, one of the divaricate divisions serrate; inferior
lobe longer, the apex slightly notched, twisted.

Posterior arm attached at about one-third the height of the anterior, slender,
deeply divided, forcipate.

Ninth legs of male with basal joint moderately emarginate below on the
ventral face, slightly so above on the dorsal face. Second joint scarcely twice
as long as wide, at about the middle on the ventral side swollen into a large
rounded prominence; above is a broad sinus into which the distal joints are
folded.

The specimen on which this species was founded was taken
from the same bottle (U.S. Nat. Museum No. 16, no locality),
with those represented by figures 144-148, and not apparently

ANNALS N. Y. AcAD. Scr., IX, Oct., 1895.—4

50 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

differing from the others in external appearance. The form of
the genitalia and ninth male legs is so distinct and characteristie
as to make identification easy.

Cleidogona fustis sp. n.
Plate VIII, figures 151-153.

First legs of male six-jointed, the joints, beginning with the coxa, .20, .06,
.30, .12, .10 and .38 mm. long; third and fourth joints .10 mm. Two superior
secondary claws and a small inferior one.

Second legs of male also six-jointed, the joints .20, .06, .32, .14, .10 and .32
mm. in length; width of third joint .12 mm.

Third legs of male seven-jointed, .22, .04, .32, .36, .14, .10 and .40 mm. in
length; width of third joint .20 mm., somewhat enlarged toward the distal
end. Seventh joint with hook-like transparent roughenings like those of
Conotyla fischeri, but smaller. The third joint with a few conic or knob-like
protuberances on the inferior surface.

Fourth legs of male seven-jointed, the joints, beginning with the coxa, .24,
.04, .40, .44, .14, .12 and .44 mm. long. Seventh joint roughened as on third
legs. The third joint with a few knobs, as on the fifth leg.

Fifth legs of male with joints .24, .04, .48, .46, .18, .10 and .44 mm. in
length. Inferior surface of third joint covered with small knobs about .04
mm. in diameter. Seventh joint with inferior secondary claw, apex with pro-
cess like the twelfth legs.

Sixth legs of male with Joints .28, .04, .44, .46, .18, .12, .44 mm. Third
joint sparsely covered with cones and knobs. Seventh joint as given for
seventh legs.

Seventh legs of male with joints .28, 04, 42, .48, .16, .10, 42 mm. long, .26
mm. wide; coxa with a large transparent rounded protuberance, about as long
as wide (.06 mm), covered, like the surface of the coxa, with sparse small
knobs, smaller than those of the third joint. Third and seventh joints as for
the sixth leg. Distal two-thirds of inferior surface of seventh joint roughened
with crowded, appressed, distally directed short, sharp, bayonet-like processes.
One superior and one inferior secondary claw.

Tenth legs of male with joints respectively .36, .04, .38, .46, .16, .10, and
.48 mm. long, width of third joint .20 mm. First joint thickened distad, and
with two large protuberances, one conical, the other larger; and of irregular
shape. The first is chitinous, the second membranous, apparently protruded
from an aperture. Inferior surface of third joint thickly covered with very
flat knobs. Seventh joint with distal half as on seventh legs. ‘The superior
apical angle of this joint seems to be produced into a curved, claw-like, chit-
inized process nearly equalling the true claw in size. A small inferior
secondary claw.

Eleventh legs of male with joints respectively .36, .04, .32, .46, .14, .12 and
.50 mm. long; third joint .18 mm. wide. Coxa with a large irregular process
at about the middle of the inferior surface, directed meso-caudad. Seventh

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 51

joint with distal half as on seventh leg; near the apex of the joint, and on the
upper side a lanceolate, thin, transparent, twisted process as long as the claw.
No secondary claws.

Twelfth legs of male with a large, blunt, conical median process on the
pedigerous lamina, directed ventro-cephalad.

Genitalia of male (figs. 151-153) viewed from below (anterior face) with
the anterior arms dilated above the middle, suddenly twisted at apex and
deeply bifid, one of the divisions long and gently curved, the other broad and
in some cases at least, perforate.

Posterior arm simple, clavate, the anterior corner above sharp and some-
what produced; on the same side a short distance below is a tooth-like promi-
nence.

Tenth legs of male with the coxal aperture near the middle of the joint.

We have examined two male specimens, U. S. Nat. Museum,
No. 446, no locality given, but probably from Indiana. Exter-
nally they did not appear different from the other species.

The measurements of the joints of the legs were made with a
view of finding out whether specific differences existed. The re-
lative proportions appear to be maintained, so that it does not
seem necessary to introduce measurements for the other species.

Cleidogona vudii (Cope), 1869.
Pseudotremia vudii Cope: Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., XL. p. 180.

“ This species differs from the last (Pseudotremia cavernarum)
and resembles rather P. cesioannulatus of Wood. The points
separating it from the latter will be pointed out below.

““Number of segments the same as in the P. cavernarum, twenty-nine, but
they are neither convex or rugose nor coarsely striate, but marked with a very
minute, irregular longitudinal striation. Segments cylindric, without shoul-
der, but with a small directed backwards on the posterior margin of the
lower part of the annulus, which is enlarged on the front segments. This
elevation is furnished on the anterior and posterior regions, and probably
everywhere in an uninjured condition, with a bristle. On the anterior seg-
ments a hair in front of each pore. Front plane, with finer and coarser hairs
sparsely distributed. Lateral margin with an open notch. Antennz hairy,
with a bristle at the distal extremity of each joint. Lengths, 3d, 5th, 4th,
2d, 8th, 7th, Ist; the eighth joint longer than in P. cavernarum. Eye patch
triangular, not ina depression. Posterior segments considerably compressed,
the last segment with four transparent marginal bristles; extremity of body
slightly recurved. Total length eleven lines.

“Color pinkish-brown, with a pale band from below to the ex-
ternal pore on each side of each annulus. Top of head black.

52 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

“A single specimen, to exact locality not preserved, but proba-
bly from Montgomery Co. (Va.),and, I think, not from a cave. I
have conferred on it the name of my friend, Dr. H. C. Wood, Jr.,
to whom we are indebted for a system of the Myriapoda and the
means of studying the American species. It differs from the A.
cesionnulatus of his monograph in the rounded dorsum without
keel or groove, the 29 instead of 32 segments, and the coloration.
The eye patches are not in a depression, nor is the labrum deeply
emarginate, as Wood describes.”

Cleidogoma mexicanus (Humb. et Sauss.).

Craspedosoma mexicanum Humb. et Sauss.: Revue et, Magasin de Zoologie,
1869, p. 153; Etudessur les Myriapodes (Zoologie du Mexique), p. 59,
1872.

Plate VI, figures 105-109.

Body cylindrical, smooth; shining, sightly attenuate cephalad, strongly so
caudad, laterally compressed toward the extremity and terminating in a point.

Head flattened in front, its lateral and superior parts swollen and project
ing, the vertex forming an arched prominence concave behind.

Eyes forming a triangular plate behind the antennz.

Gnathochilarum (see plate).

First segment narrower than the second, forming a constriction behind the:
head; anterior border sinuate, the middle projecting and arcuate, correspond-
ing to the emargination of the occiput; its lateral lobes sharp and bent down-
ward, bearing a small horizontal carina which is continued along the anterior
border as a marginal thread-like elevation.

Subsequent segments gradually larger, truncate below with rounded an-
gles; dorsal line extremely fine. Each segment (the preanal excepted) carry-
ing at half-height a small, pointed tubercle, directed backward, and termin-
ated by a long bristle; and besides, on each side, between this line of tubercles:
and the dorsal line, two other lines of very small piligerous granules, looking
sometimes like piligerous points. On the anterior segments the lateral region
situated below the line of tubercles is striated.

Last segment forming a triangular arch, compressed, avaplomiele truncated
at the extremity; the truncated border Sean eeted with small spines (3 ?).

Anal valves narrow, compressed, forming a crest which projects as far back--
wards as the extremity of the last segment.

Preanal scale rounded.

Legs long, slender, completely covered by a fine villosity.

Color chocolate brown, paler below, posterior border of segments orna-
mented by a gray band; the small tubercles forming spots of lighter color sur-
rounded by a pale ring. Feet and antenne pale.

Length 22 mm.; width 2.5 mm.; number of segments ......?

Habitat: Eastern Cordilleras of Mexico.

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 53

The above is a translation, partly rearranged, of the description .
given in the ‘ Etudes.’ It seems to have been based on one fe-
male specimen. The authors add the following remark :

“This species is evidently very nearly related to Spirostrephon
cesioannulatus, Wood. But judging from the description and
figure, Mr. Wood’s species seems not to have upon the sides a
row of tubercles larger than those of the dorsal surface. If Mr.
Wood had not given thirty-two segments for his species, instead
of thirty, we would not doubt that it should be included in the
genus Chordeuma or Craspedosoma. Our species approaches
Craspedosoma, Leach, in the form of the gnathochilarium, and
the development of the piligerous tubercles, and Chordeuma,
Koch, in the cylindrical form of the body.”

BACTROPUS gen. nov.

Eyes of numerous (27) prominent ocelli arranged in triangular patches.

Antenne long and slender, third joint longest, nearly equalled by the fifth
(10:9), followed by joints 4, 2, 6, 7, 1.

Mandibles with ten pectinate lamelle.*

Promentum not distinct.

Segments with lateral carine represented by a gentle bulging of the sur-
face; not striate; setigerous tubercles obsolete, the setze short.

Male genitalia simple, hamate.

Ninth legs of male five-jointed and with a small claw; coxa much larger
than the other joints taken together.

Segments of adult 30.

This genus resembles Cleidogona in general appearance, but the
body is smaller and more slender. It also has characters in com-
mon with Pseudotremia, Trichopetalum, and Conotyla. From
Pseudotremia it differs in the better development of the eyes, be-
ing evidently an open-air creature; also in the lateral carine nearly
obsolete and the lateral surface not striate. It resembles Pseudo-
tremia and Cleidogona in the slight development of setigerous
tubercles and in the number of joints of the ninth male legs.
This last resemblance is, however, only apparent, for the form
and function is very different. In Pseudotremia and Clei-
dogona the ninth legs are capable of use as clasping organs,
while in Bactropus, as in Trichopetalum, it is difficult to
understand how the ninth legs could serve such a purpose. Bac-

* The condition of the specimen was such as to make the number somewhat
ancertain.

54 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

‘tropus also differs from the genera mentioned in the number and
shape of the joints of the ninth legs, the slight development of
carine, tubercles, and bristles, and in the want of a distinct pro-
mentum.

Bactropus conifer sp. n.
Plate TX, figures 172-176.

Body tapering more gradually behind than in Cleidogona.

Vertex slightly rugulose, sparsely hirsute, sulcus indistinct.

Eyes triangular, arranged in six rows, beginning posteriorly, 7--6+5+4+
3--2—27.

Antenne slighly clavate, approximate ratio of lengths of joints, beginning
with the seventh, 3, 4, 9, 5, 10, 4, 1.

First segment rugulose, semi-circular, the tubercles very nearly obsolete.
The furrow in which the dorsal ridge is situated runs nearly, if not quite
to the anterior margin.

Subsequent segments slightly rugulose, anterior portions finely reticulated,
carinee small, tubercles and hairs very small and indistinct. Pcsterior margin
gently sinuate on each side behind the outer setigerous tubercles.

Last segment, anal valves and preanal scale (fig. 176) much as in Cleidogona.

Male genitalia (fig. 174) simple, with broad base and attenuate apex,
curved backward.

Ninth legs of male (figs. 174 and 175) with a few hairs on the two proxi-
mal joints; the claw very small.

Color dark brown, the posterior margin of each segment and a very fine
median line yellowish. A light spot at each setigerous tubercle, the outer
two spots on each side subconfluent, giving the appearance of a light longi-
tudinal line. Ventral parts and basal joints of feet dirty brown; apical joints
darker. Antenne nearly black, darker than those of any other species known
to us.

Length about 9 mm.

Habitat: Indiana. We have examined one male and three
female specimens collected by Bollman in the vicinity of Bloom-
ington, and deposited in the National Museum (No. 43) under
the name “ Craspedosoma lunatum.”

The material is in poor condition so that many important
facts cannot be determined. Further study will probably multi-
ply minor similarities with Cleidogona.

The joints of the ninth legs of male are not, in the specimen ex-
amined, easy to distinguish, the second, third and fourth appear-
ing nearly coalesced. This suggests the idea that the second
joint of the ninth leg of Scoterpes, Trichopetalum, Zygonopus
and Conotyla may have been formed by the gradual coalescence

.
q

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 55

of the four distal joints. Indeed, this idea becomes reasonably
probable when we consider that there is a claw in Scoterpes, and a
similarly located chitinous bunch in Zygonopus and Trichopeta-
lum, which may be interpreted as the rudiment of a claw. It
should also be noticed that in Pseudotremia and Cleidogona
there is evidently a tendency toward the development of two large
proximal joints at the expense of the distal.

SCOTERPES Cope. 1872.
Am. Nat. VI. p. 414.

Spirostrephon ( Pseudotremia) Packard and Ryder, not Brandt.
Craspedosoma (Scopterpes) Latzel: Myr. Oest. Ung. Mon. II., p. 209 (1884);
Haase: Zeitsch. f. Entom., N. F., XI., p. 60 (1886).

Eyes wanting.

Antenne of moderate length, third joint longest.

Segments with moderately prominent shoulder-like carine.

Ninth pair of legs of male two-jointed, the distal joint with a strong claw.

Segments of adult 30.

The single species of this genus is from Mammoth Cave. It
is known to us only from descriptions and figures, but there can
be little doubt of its close relationship with Zygonopus and
Trichopetalum, from both of which it is distinct in the large claw
of the ninth legs of the male. We reproduce Dr. Packard’s fig-
ures of the genitalia and ninth pair of legs, but it is not possible
to get from these or from his descriptions a satisfactory idea of
these structures, nor one which will enable us to compare them
with allied forms. Indeed, we are not certain that the ninth legs
of males ought not to be spoken of as three-jointed. In Dr.
Packard’s figure they appear entirely detached, and if the two
joints are correctly drawn another would seem necessary to con-
nect them with the body.

It is in this genus that the six dorsal bristles peculiar to the
present family have their greatest development. According to
Drs. Cope and Packard these bristles approximate in length the
diameter of the body, giving the animal very much the appear-
ance of a caterpillar.

Scoterpes copei (Packard) Cope.

Spirostrephon ( Pseudotremia) copei Packard: Am. Nat. V., 748 (1871).
Scoterpes copei (Packard) Cope: Am. Nat. VI., p. 414 (1872) ; Packard:
Proc. Am. Phil. Sec! XCXT, p. 193 (1883); MeNeill: Bull. No. 3;
Brookville Soc., p. 8 (1888).
Plate I., figures 12-13.

56 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

‘* Head with rather short, dense hairs; no eyes, and no ocular depression be-
hind the antennz, the surface of the epicranium being well rounded to the
antennal sockets ; behind the insertion of the antennze the sides of the head
are much more swollen than in S. lactarius.*

Antenne slender, with short, thick bairs ; relative length of joints, the 6th
being longest ; 6th, 4th, 5th, 3d, 8th, 7th. 1st, the 7th being much thicker
than the 8th.

Twenty-eight segments behind the head ; they are entirely smooth, striated
neither longitudinally nor transversely ; a few of the anterior segments rapidly
decrease in diameter toward the head. The egments are but slightly convex,
and on each side is a shoulder, bearing three tubercles in a transverse row,
each giving rise to a long stiff hair one-half to two-thirds as long as the seg-
ment is thick ; these hairs stand up thickly all over the back, and may serve
at once to distinguish the species.

No pores.

Feet long and slender, nearly as long as the antennz, being very slender
towards the claws.

Color entirely white.

Length of body .35 inch; thickness .04 inch.”’

Habitat: Mammoth Cave, Kentucky.

The above description is that originally given for this species.
The importance of several of the included statements is question-
able, especially since the accompanying diagrams do not agree
with the description.

The antenne are said to have eight joints, while in the diagram
but seven appear. In giving the “relative length of joints” the
second is entirely omitted, so that we have no ground for sup-
posing that there was a small basal joint not given in the diagram
and are obliged to fall back on the fact that in this family the an-
tennee have, as far as known, but seven joints. It might also be
noticed that if “2d” is understood for “3d,” “ 3d” for “ 4th” and
so on, the relative length of joints will be the same as Trichopet-
alum, 5th, 3d, 4th, 2d, Tth, 6th, Ist.

The drawing of the entire animal also gives thirty segments
instead of twenty-eight, as in the description.

Ata later date Dr. Packard gives a more extended descrip-
tion; of this species and genus, differing, besides, from the
former description in some important particulars, so that it seems
desirable to add a transcription of it. These descriptions con-

* Dr. Packard wrote this while believing the present species to be congeneric
with Lysiopetalum lactarium (Say).
7 Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., X XI, p. 177, Sept. 1883.

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 57

tain, however, many statements which we look upon as of doubt-
ful import or questionable truth, and such are given in italics, our
reasons for doubt being stated later on.

“*Body very long and slender, not fusiform; consisting of thirty seements
besides the head, with about fifty-two pairs of legs, with the penultimate joint very
long. Head rather large, and unusually broad; no eyes present; the genz
unusually large, but not so globose as in Trichopetalum; the front is also car-
ried farther up on the vertex than usual, and is much broader than long; the
clypeus flat, slightly bilobed on the front edge. The antenne are moderately
long and hairy, with the sixth segment scarcely longer than in Trichopetalum,
but more uniform in thickness, scarcely longer than thick; the terminal joint
as long as the sixth, the end conical, more produced than in Trichopetalum
or Zygonopus; at the tip are four rather long sense-setee. Body segments be-
coming as usual smaller next to the head; the anterior of each division of the
arthromere much swollen high up on the sides; each shoulder with three
tubercles, which are arranged in a scalene triangle and bearing much longer
setee than in the other genera, though not quite so long as the body is thick.
The legs are long and slender, more so than in Trichopetalum, and somewhat
more than in Zygonopus. In the male the eighth pair of legs are rudimen-
tary, being two-jointed, the second joint only one-fourth longer than the basal,
and ending in a well-developed stout claw. The genital armature minute and
very rudimentary, pale, scarcely chitinous; the outer lamina short and thick,
with a stout external recurved spine, and two terminal obtuse points; the
inner lamina shorter, forming a truncated angular spine, and not much more
than half as long as the outer lamina; between the inner and outer lamina,
its base next to the inner lamina is a middle spine ending in an irregular tuft
of fine spinules.

“This genus is distinguished from Trichopetalum by its want of eyes, its
broader head, its long slender body, with long setz, by the eighth pair of female
rudimentary legs ending inaclaw. From Zygonopus it differs in the shorter
sixth antennal joint ; its broader head ; its slenderer legs, the sixth pair in the
female not being unlike the others, and by the more prominent shoulders and
longer setze. The species of the two genera are of the same general form and
size.’?

“About 20g and 9 examined. Body white, with no dusky discolorations;
30 segments behind the head in specimens 11 mm. in length and 52 pairs of
degs ; in one female individual 8 mm. long there were 49 pairs of legs, includ-
ing the eighth or rudimentary pair ; in another individual 6 mm. long there
are 24 segments behind the head. The head is provided with short, fine erect
hairs of different lengths, especially on the sides of the gense.”’

‘Males and females are alike in size and form.”’

That the body is ‘“ not fusiform,” but that the segments be-
come, “as usual smaller next to the head,” seem to us mutually
contradictory statements. In all the Chordeumidz known to us
the last joint of the legs is longest, not the penultimate, though

4

58 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

this is not necessarily the implication of Dr. Packard’s statement,
What is intended by the front being carried up on the vertex, we
cannot imagine. In the species known to us it is practically im-
possible to make out any definite lines of division between these
parts of the head. ‘ Female,” is twice used where “ male” was
evidently intended. Dr. Packard was of course aware that in
chilognaths the eighth legs of females are unmodified. 52 legs
would bea most unusual number, for allowing one pair of legs each
for the Ist, 2d, 4th and 28th segments, and nore for the 3d, 29th
and 30th, there can be but 50 legs on a female chordeumid, 48 or
49 on a male.

Dr. Packard’s figure (see pl. I., fig. 13) of the ninth pair of
legs and the genitalia gives us no idea of the method of attach-
ment of the former, and the length of the second joint does not
correspond to that given in the description. <A laciniate pro-
cess is probably present as in Zygonopus and Trichopetalum.
but in other respects there is a wide difference from those types,
and a further study of the species will probably prove very
interesting.

Reasoning from analogy and from the statements of the writers
quoted, we suppose that this species has undergone the same de-
terioration of the exoskeleton as is described for Zygonopus
whiter.

Regarding the distribution of this species, Dr. Packard adds:

‘The specimens were most abundant in the Labyrinth in Mammoth Cave,
but also occurred in other localities in the cave. It is also common in Dia-
mond Cave, where I collected it, and was discovered by Mr. Sanborn in Poyn-
ter’s Cave, 300 yards from daylight. In one of the specimens from the last-
mentioned cave, the antenne are rather more slender than usual.

‘“The genus Scoterpes, and its single species copei, appears to be limited to
Mammoth Cave and the others near, in apparently the same system of caves.
It was erroneously reported by me to occur in Weyer’s and the Luray Caves,
as the specimens collected belong to Zyonopus whitei. Without doubt the
genus is a modified Trichopetalum, which has become longer and slenderer in
body, with longer legs and antennez as well as setz ; whether it is a descend-
ant of Trichopetalum lunatum or not is uncertain ; it may have descended from
a different species ; but there seems to be no reasonable doubt that itis a modi-
fied form of a small hairy lysiopetalid form, with antenne exactly like those
of Trichopetalum.”’

Dr. Paekard’s sections led him to the conclusion that the
present species is as truly eyeless as a Polydesmus. All traces

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 59

of eyes, with their accompanying nerves and ganglia having dis-
appeared. A compensating hypertrophy of the olfactory organs
is noted.

ZYGONOPWS Ryder. 1881.

Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, Vol. III, p. 524.

Zygonopus, Packard: Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. X XI, p. 194 (1833).

Eyes wanting.

Antenne rather stout, subclavate, fifth joint longest and thickest.

Mandibles with eight pectinate lamellee.

-Promentum not distinct.*

Segments with moderate, shoulder-like carinz, the surface delicately areo-
late, appearing smooth ; setigerous tubercles prominent, sete long.

Male legs with last joint not hispid.

Coxze of second male legs with conic processes; legs without the cushion-
like processes present in Conotyla.

Sixth legs of male much crassate, especially the fourth joint.

Male genitalia simple, consisting of a deeply bifid lamina and two laciniate
processes.

Ninth legs of male two-jointed, the distal stout, obclavate, with a small
chitinous knob on its outer face.

Segments of adult 30.

Distribution: Luray Cave, Virginia.

On account of the small size of the animal and special difficulty
of manipulation, we were not able to satisfy ourselves whether
the coxe of the tenth and eleventh pairs of legs of the male are
perforate. :

In many of its characters this genus shows such evident and
close relationship with Trichopetalum that we have sometimes
doubted its validity. On the other hand the characters by which
it is distinct from that genus (e. g., want of eyes, swollen sixth
legs of males, conic process of second legs, and 30 segments) are
so numerous that there seems ample ground for retaining it.

The similarity to Scoterpes is probably even more striking, since ;
both are cave animals, lack eyes, and are more or less soft-bodied.
We have not had the opportunity of making a study of Scoterpes,
but retain both genera, believing that the differences in the sixth
and ninth male legs are sufficiently important to warrant such a
course, and that these are indicative of the probable existence of
still other differential characters.

*The microscopic preparation was not sufficiently successful to make this
certain.

60 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

The importance of differences in the ninth male legs as di-
agnostic generic characters is evidenced by the fact that forms so
different as Trichopetalum and Zygonopus have these legs almost
undistinguishable (ef. figs. 21 and 43) even to the presence of the
small, more or less chitinous bunch, possibly the rudiment of a
claw on the lateral face, near the apex. Conotyla has a similar form
of ninth leg, but does not have this bunch, and differs widely in
other characters. These facts are suggestive of the probable im-
portance of the large claw on the ninth legs of Scoterpes as de-
scribed and figured by Dr. Packard (ef. our figure 13).

Zygonopus whitei Ryder.

Spirostrephon copei Packard pro parte: Am. Nat. XV, p. 231 (1881); Proce.
Amer. Philos. Soe. X XI, p. 194 (1883).

Zygonopus whiter Ryder: Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum III, p. 527 (1881);
MeNeill, Bull. No. 3, Brookville Soc. p. 9 (1888).

Plates I-III, figures 14-21.

Body scarcely fusiform, slightly broadest toward the front, narrowed very
abruptly on the last few posterior segments.

Vertex with a large, shallow, transversely oval depression between the an-
tenne. ;

Clypeus with a large transversely oval depression in the upper part.

Antenne of moderate length, subclavate, moderately pilose.

Lingual lobes with three sense-cones.

Styliform process deeply quadridentate.

First segment longer than semi-circular, regularly rounded in front, nearly
straight behind, lateral corners not produced. Outer bristle directed out-
wardly and upwardly, and located at the posterior corner. Second bristle
mesad and cephalad from the outer, and about as far from the anterior margin
of the segment as from the lateral bristle. Inside bristle mesad from the
second, and about equally distant from it and from the median line.

Second segment shorter than the first, and with longer bristles.

Third and subsequent segments with rather small lateral carinee, on which

-are located the two outer bristles, the inner one of which is somewhat anterior
to, and but little above the outer. The inside bristle is rather close to the
others, receding from the median line. All the bristles are slightly curved,
and the length of the longer is about two-thirds the diameter of the body.
Surface of the segments dorsally with irregular longtitudinal wrinkles. Be-
low the carinz the sides of the body are very delicately striate, after the
manner of the Iulide, except that the striations are much finer and more
curved, especially the upper ones. ‘These striations are very much slighter
than those of Pseudotremia and are much more numerous, numbering about
twenty. On the anterior portion of the subsegment they are reticulately
joined. All the segments, including the last, have a fine median suleus. On

‘The Craspedosomatide of North America. 61

posterior segments the bristles tend to separate from each other and to arrange
themselves in a transverse row; the inside pair approach on the posterior seg-
ments very close to the median line.

Anal segment short, posteriorly broadly truncate-emarginate, with eight
bristles. ‘The anterior two located near the median line and close to the an-
terior edge of the segment. Posterior six bristles much more slender than the
others, located along the posterior margin at about equal distances from each
other. The middle pair are not quite so close together as the others, and have
papilliform enlarged bases about one-fifth as long as the exceedingly fine flexi-
ble hair that proceeds from them. This segment, as well as a few preceeding,
and the anal valves, is supplied with a scanty, short pubescence.

Anal valves moderately convex, produced posteriorly into a rather sharp
point, considerably exceeding the last segment. Surface finely vertically stri-
ate-wrinkled. Margins not raised, the three bristles very slender, about
equally distant from each other and from the apex of the anal segment.

Pre-anal scale small, semi-circular, with two very fine long bristles.

Male genitalia (plate II, figs. 20, 21) simple, of a thin deeply bilobed lamina,
the lobes apically decurved and bidentate, the teeth long and connivent. The
anterior face is hispid at base with short hairs, which grade distad into papil-
le; a few long variously curved hairs near the bottom of the fissure, and a few
others near the margin distad. On the posterior side (fig. 21) springing from
near the base of the lamina are two pairs of plumose-laciniate processes, the
inner pair much shorter, and laciniate on both sides.

Ninth legs of male two-jointed, the basal joint perpendicular, clavate, with
a few long bristles toward the apex, one of which is longer than the others and
eurved basally. This joint passes insensibly into a membranous lamina
which connects the two joints and is not interrupted medianly. Second joint
oblong-oval, with a few bristles near the upper and lower margins. On the
lateral face near the apex is a rounded chitinous knob, which may be inter-
preted as the rudiment of a claw.

Color in alcohol, dull white.

Length 9 mm.; width .4 mm.

We have had for study one male specimen collected by Dr. L.
M. Underwood at Luray Cave, Virginia, September, 1887.

The body of this species is nearly cylindrical, that is, less
fusiform than any other known to us.

Owing probably to the cave life of this species, the exo-skele-
ton usually so hard and brittle, is soft and flexible. Pseudotremia
has not suffered so much modification, as the presence of eyes
also testifies. There appears to be very little carbonate of
lime present, so that on drying the skin of an alcoholic specimen
shrivels up like that of aspider. The legs and other parts wrinkle
instead of breaking, and tend to become distorted in manipula-
tion. Even the mouth-parts are evidently softer than in the
Open-air genera.

62 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

Another result of this condition of things is that the joints and
sutures are not so evident, and the distinction between the men-
tum and promentum appears to be obliterated. The mentum, as
well as the surrounding parts, is merely membranous, and no
flexibility would be added if the usual joint were present.

TRICHOPETALUM Harger, 1872 (emended).

Am. Journ. Sci. and Arts IV, 117.

Craspedosoma, Latzel and Bollman; Scoterpes Bollman.

Eyes moderately developed, of several (10-14) ocelli arranged lunately in
two or three curved rows.

Antenne rather short, clavate; third and fifth Joints subequal in length.

Mandibles with nine pectinate lamelle.

Promentum present, triangular.

Segments with moderately prominent, shoulder-like carinz.

Male legs with first joint not hispid.

Third, fourth, fifth and sixth legs of males strongly crassate.

Ninth pair of legs of male two-jointed, the distal joint broadly clavate, un-
armed except that on the outer face of the last joint, near the apex is a small,
blunt, chitinized knob, possibly the rudiment of a claw.

Tenth and eleventh legs of male with the coxe perforate.

Genitalia of male consisting of a single pair of decurved structures hirsute
antero-basally and with plumose-laciniate processes posteriorly.

Segments of adult 28.

Distribution: Northeastern North America.

The original description of this genus reads as follows :

‘Sterna not closely united with scuta ; third and fifth joints of the antennz
elongated ; scuta furnished with bristles ; no lateral pores ; eyes present.’’

It will be seen that these characters, with the exception of
‘““eyes present,” are applicable to all Craspedosomatide. Indeed,
it is probable that the genus Trichopetalum would not have been
erected had not its author been misled by Gervais’ figure into the
supposition that in Craspedosoma the pedigerous laminz are co-
alesced. But notwithstanding that the generic characters origi-
nally alleged are entirely insufficient, there can be no doubt that
in Harger’s Trichopetatum lunatum was discovered a generic
type, and we have preferred to retain the name, supplying other
characters for the generic diagnosis.

In comparison with this genus the anterior legs of the males of
Zygonopus are remarkable for their slenderness, only the sixth
legs being comparable in size with the corresponding ones of
Trichopetalum.

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 63

The species of Trichopetalum which we have studied have the
ninth legs of the male (Fig. 43), apparently exactly alike. They
differ from those of Zygonopus in being somewhat clavate, in-
stead of obclavate.

The fifth joint of the antenne is equal to or longer than the
third in this genus, Zygonopus and Underwoodia, while in all
other American species of the family the fifth is shorter than the
third, never bearing a greater ratio to it than 8.5: 10. In this
species, too, the fourth joint is about half the length of the fifth,
while in Conotyla the fourth and fifth are subequal.

We are acquainted with three species falling under this genus,
as here characterized. The original description of Trichopetalum
lunatum gives no characters not common to all three, but the fig-
ure of the genitalia, on the other hand, does not bear any close
resemblance to those of either of the species known to us, al-
though it is possible to imagine it as having been made from
either of them. It is thus impossible, without a study of his
type, to know which of our species, if any, was described by Har-
ger. Under these circumstances it would seem that the course
least likely to cause confusion is to describe our three species

hew, giving figures of the genitalia, so that when the type of
T. lunatum is studied a definite conclusion may be facilitated
and the specific name not misapplied.

Trichopetalum lunatum Harger.

Trichopetalum lunatum Harger: Am. Journ. Sci. and Arts, IV, p. 118 (1872);
Ryder: Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., V, 527 (1882); Packard, Proc. Am.
Philos. Soc. X XI, 192 (1883); McNeill, Bull. No. 3, Brookville Soe.
8, (1888).

Scoterpes lunatus Bollman: Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, XI, 405 (1888);
Bulletin 46 U. 8. Nat. Museum, pp. 106 and 121 (1893).

Plate III, figures 52-54.

“* Dirty white, banded transversely and mottled with light brown anteriorly.
Segments 28; males with 45, females with 46 pairs of legs. Head large,
dilated laterally, covered with short, erect, bristly hairs. Eyes of 10 ocelli,
in a lunate group, convex toward the bases of the antenne. Antenne pilose,
seven-jointed; the joints measure, the first .07 mm., second. 10 mm., third .23
mm., fourth .11 mm., fifth .22 mm., sixth .09 mm., seventh .07 mm. First
scutum nearly semicircular, with the posterior margin slightly concave. Near
the outer angles of this scutum are two small tubercles on each side, each
_ bearing a stout bristle, and higher up a third tubercle on each side also bears
a bristle. The remaining scuta throughout are furnished with three bristles

64 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

on each side, springing from tubercles, the lower two being approximate and _,
situated on the upper surface of the short lateral processes, and the third
higher up on the scutum. Ona few of the posterior segments these bristles
are in a transverse row, and on the last scutum, which is broad and truneate,
the two inner ones are thickened at their bases. There is an impressed dorsal
line. Legs slender, white, hairy, with the penultimate joint lengthened.
The under side of the seventh segment of the male is furnished anteriorly
with a pair of appendages directed backward and curved upward, and pos-
teriorly with a pair of cylindrical jointed organs, directed horizontally out-
ward, tipped with a short bristle, and appearing like modified legs of the pos-
terior subsegment. In crawling these organs have a motion similar to that of
the basal joints of the adjacent legs. Length 6 mm.

‘This species is not uncommon under or among decaying leaves in moist
woods about New Haven.”’

We have copied above the original description of this species,
although a large part of it consists in an enumeration of charac-
ters common to all Craspedosomatide, and nothing diagnostic of
a species is mentioned, with the possible exception of the form of
the ninth legs of the male. The accompanying diagram of the
genitalia and ninth legs, we reproduce (plate III, fig. 54). If cor-
rectly drawn by Harger, it certainly represents a species not seen
by us, as a comparison with our diagrams of corresponding parts
will show.

Trichopetalum albuma sp. n.
Plates II-III, figs. 22-29, 36-45.

Eyes in a lunate patch; the ocelli counted from the exterior edge show the
following arrangement: 44+4-2+-2+-1+1=10, or 44+-2+2+2-+1—11.

Antennze somewhat clavate, .7-.8 mm. long, the fifth joint thickest, .12
mm. in diameter; approximate ratios of length of joints 3: 5: 10-11: 5.5: 10: 5:3.

Lingual lobes with three sense-cones.

First segment broadly reniform, with rather pointed ends, not twice as
broad as long (5:3), with three setigerous tubercles on each side, one near the
posterior angle ; the second cephalad, and somewhat mesad of the first, near
the anterior margin of the segment ; the third about midway between the first
and the median line, and situated in a large shallow depression. A delicate
raised anterior margin. Posteriorly the segment is broadly emarginate.
A delicate median line begins in front of the middle and extends to the poste-
rior margin. Surface smooth and shining, or faintly areolate.

Subsequent segments with the lateral carinz gradually increasing in size to
about the middle of the body, and then decreasing so that the posterior seg-
ments have no distinct carine. The second pair of bristles are gradually
placed more directly mesad from the outer pair, and on the terminal segments
the six bristles are arranged in a straight transverse line. The anterior seg-

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 65

ments are broadly emarginate posteriorly. Posterior dorsal part of segment
smoother than the anterior, and divided from it by a more or less definite
transverse gently curved line. In front of this line the surface is finely areo-
late, behind it smooth and shining, with a few faint, usually longitudinal lines
dividing it into larger areolations. A very fine median ridge, located in a
nearly obsolete furrow. Below the lateral carina the posterior subsegment is
longitudianally striate.

Anal segment short, broadly truncate, laterally broadly sinuate; medianly
the margin of the truncation is slightly produced, giving a convex edge between
the thickened papilliform bases of two long, exceedingly fine hairs which are,
bases included, three times as long as the exposed part of the anal segment.
At the ends of the truncation are two slender bristles, and one farther down
on the sinuation. Two small bristle-bearing tubercles on anterior part of the
segment close to the median line.

Anal valves smooth, not strongly convex, more prominent above the middle,
and with a rounded angle, faintly margined; near the margin on each side
three slender bristles, one close to the superior edge of the valves, the second
near the angle, the third about half-way from the angle to the edge of the pre-
anal scale.

Preanal scale semi-elliptical, posteriorly truncate; two tubercles with long
posteriorly directed setze, near the posterior margin; surface smooth.

Male genitalia (figs. 36-43) simple, consisting of a pair of more or less
arcuate, basally and laterally hirsute structures, behind which are two pairs
of laciniate processes. The apices of the genitalia of different specimens appear
to vary considerably, but in all cases the end is somewhat broadened and
emarginate, so as to leave the corners more or less produced, as shown in fig-
ure 36. ‘The apical portion is flattened and very thin and the different ways
it may be bent and the different angles at which it is consequently viewed
will largely explain the apparent variation. ‘The form shown in figure 41 is
nearly or quite the same as the others, the apparent difference being caused by
the fact that one of the corners is invisible on account of perspective, while
the other is recurved.

Ninth legs of male oblong-clavate, with a few scattered hairs.

Color white, sometimes reticulately mottled with light horn-brown. The
exo-skeleton is so transparent that the contents of the alimentary canal, if
dark-colored, show through as a dark median line.

Length 6 mm.; width .6 mm.

Habitat: Common in moist, wooded localities in central New
York and western Ontario. We have examined about 200 indi-
viduals collected at Onativia, Marcellus, Syracuse, Pratt’s Falls
and Kirkville, New York; also at Orillia, Ontario, and Chief
Island, Lake Couchiching.

On the anterior segments the setigerous tubercles are little

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., EX, Oct., 1895.—5

66 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

more than a circular ring-like base for the setz, while toward the
posterior end of the body they become distinct prominences.

We describe this species with the expectation that it will prove
to be Harger’s lunatum, and consequently the type of the genus
Trichopetalum, if the original specimens can be re-examined.
For the present, however, it does not appear warrantable to make
a determination, for the reasons stated under 7’. lunatum.

Trichopetalum cornutum gp. n.
Plate III, figures 46-49.

Very similar to Z. album, but somewhat larger, the lateral
striations more regular and more pronounced, the elevations lat-
erad from the median seta more prominent, the arrangement of the
ocelli somewhat different, but differing more especially in the male
genitalia. These differ from album in having the apex deeply bi-
lobed, the lobes more or less connivent, figure 49 being a lateral
view. Figures 46 and 48 we were able to understand as being the
same in form as 49, the apparent differences being caused as in
album by the fact that the apical portion is so thin as to be bent
in different ways, and is viewed at different angles. Figure 47
did not so easily homologize, but it is not impossible that it may
do so, and as we had but one specimen it seemed best to include
it here for the present.

The specimens of this species are in rather poor condition,
with the sete nearly all rubbed off. The remaining setz are con-
siderably shorter than in album, but may not be entire. The color
is uniform dirty yellowish, without atrace of the brownish mot-
tlings of ZT. album. This may result from their being cave
animals.

Habitat: Indiana, Bloomington and Coon’s Cave (Bollman).
U.S. National Museum. Numbers 24, 42 and 441.

The Bloomington specimens are mixed with those of the fol-
lowing species. Eight specimens referred to the present species
have been examined, but in their present condition the determina-
tion cannot be made with confidence without dissection sufficient
to show the male genitalia.

Trichopetalum uncumi sp. n.
Plate III, figure 51.
Very similar externally to the two preceding species, but evi-
dently distinct in that the male genitalia are bi-hamate with the

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 67

inner branch large and very deeply bifid, the divisions pointed
and slender.

Habitat : Bloomington, Indiana, collected by Bollman. A
single specimen was found in vial No. 42, of the National Museum
collection, along with material of the preceding species. It should
be noted that none of the Indiana material which we have ex-
amined is the same as that from the East, and that the two species
here established are founded on material which Mr. Bollman de-
termined as 7. lunatum, so that it becomes improbable that the
last species is found in Indiana. A comparison will show that if
Harger’s descriptions and figures cannot be reconciled with our
eastern specimens, still less is this probable in the case of the In-
diana material.

The genitalia of this species show an evident approximation to
the Zygonopus type, for the lateral hooks may be looked upon as
homologous with the outer tooth of Z. whztez, while the inner tooth
of that species is replaced by the forcipate process. Our speci-
men did not show plumose processes, but was not in proper con-
dition to warrant the supposition that they are absent.

Trichopetalum flavidum (Bollman).

Craspedosoma flavidum, Bollman: Entomologica Americana. Vol. iv, p. 2
(April 1888).
Plate III, figure 50. .

“Yellowish brown, feet and antenne lighter. Robust, segments not con-
stricted, lateral carinz small, and body strongly resembling that of Campodes.
Antenne longer than width of body. Ocelli 12-14, distinct, arranged in a tri-
angular patch and in 5 or 6 series. Dorsal plates rather smooth, setigerous
granules small, setze rather large. Male feet crassate, those of female slender.”’

“Length of body 5.8 mm.; width .7 mm.

“* Hab.—Okolona. :

‘* This species strongly resembles a Campodes. In life the individuals are a
dusky yellow. This description is based upon a male and female.’’

In the National Museum collection is a small yellow- female
Specimen with 26 segments purporting to be the type of this
Species. Supposing that it is one of the specimens mentioned hy
Mr. Bollman it is difficult to understand his reiterated statement
of its strong resemblance to Cleidogona (Campodes). The
size and habit are certainly that of Trichopetalum, although the
caringze are somewhat less developed than in the other species
known to us. The sides are striate and the dorsal surface areo-

68 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

late asin 7. album. That this is really a Trichopetalum we are
not confident, but judging from the exterior it is nearer to Tricho-
petalum than to the other genera. One of Mr. Bollman’s specimens
is mentioned as being a male,and it may be reasonably supposed
that he would have recognized and mentioned the conspicuous
and characteristic ninth pair of legs. The eyes depart somewhat
though not seriously, from the Trichopetalum type, for they have
a third row of ocelli in addition to the lunate arrangement in two
rows (fig. 50).

A further difference consists in the fact that the setz are
smaller and arranged more nearly in a transverse line, even on
the anterior segments.

Trichopetalum (?) ocellatum (Packard).

Polydesmus ocellatus Packard: Am. Nat. XVII, 428 (1883).

Craspedosoma packardii Stuxberg: Am. Nat. XIX, p. 400 (1885).

Craspedosoma ocellatum (Vackard) Bollman: Bull. 46 U. 8. Nat. Museum p.

120 (1893).
Plate III, figures 30-35.

‘““The body is small, rather short, somewhat spindle-shaped, and unusually
cylindrical. There are twenty-nine segments behind the head; the scuta are
provided with the usual prominent lateral ridges. There is a row of dorsal
setze on each side of the median line; the surface of the scutes is finely granu-
lated. The sides (genz) of the head are full and swollen, somewhat wider
than the first scute but about as wide as the body behind. Ocelli 12-13 in
number, conspicuous and black. Antennze with joint 4 half as long as 3, joint 5
remarkably thick, increasing in thickness to the end, longer than joints 6 and
7 taken together. Joint 6 not quite as long as thick; joint 7 small, conical;
broad at base where it is nearly as thick as the 6th; the joints rather setose;
there are two terminal flattened sense-setze on the tip of the seventh joint.
The end of the body is moderately blunt, with four setve on each side of the
last segment (anal valves). It is of a pale horn color. Length 4 mm.

‘‘This aberrant form would not at first be regarded as a Polydesmus, but
would be easily mistaken for a Trichopetalus. ‘The individuals were mature
or nearly so, as they were horn-brown. In the cylindrical body and thick
antennz it approaches Polydesmus cavicola Pack., from a cave on the shores of
the Great Salt Lake. It differs from that species, which is eyeless, in the fusi-
form body, much thicker antennz, and the finer granulations as well as the
larger number of segments. ”’

The above is Dr. Packard’s original description. The species
seems to have been placed in Polydesmus because of carine larger
than those of Trichopetalum, and the granulations of the dorsal
surface. From the number of segments, shape of antenne, size,

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 69

and other characters, it seems that the present species is more re-
lated to Trichopetalum than to any other genus described in this
paper. It is possible that a closer study will show that it is the
type of a new genus.

In using Dr. Packard’s description, the fact that he was com-
paring with species of Polydesmus should not be forgotten, and
the “usual prominent lateral ridges” appear to be much larger
than those of any American craspedosomatid known to us. Dr.
Packard also counted the anal valves as a segment, which is not
customary.

That there is but one row of bristles on each side of the median
line, that there are but two olfactory cones, and that these are
Jlattened, are such anomalous characters that we hesitate to credit
their actual existence.

Two years after the original description was published, Dr.
Packard printed a note he had received from Dr. Anton Stuxberg,
of Gothenburg, Sweden, relative to the ‘‘ Generic position of Poly-
desmus ocellatus.” The species is referred to the European genus
Craspedosoma on account of the general fact that this genus has
eyes and thirty segments, Dr. Stuxberg having had no oppor-
tunity of examining specimens.

A change in the specific name is also proposed, on the follow- ©

ing ground:

“In consequence of the necessity of ranging your species in
another genus, all the members of which are provided with eyes,
the specific name ocellatus should be removed and another intro-
duced instead of it. I propose the name Craspedosoma pack-
ard.”

Distinctive specific names are of course desirable, but a general
application of Dr. Stuxberg’s principle would necessitate too
many changes to make possible its admission as a rule of nomen-
clature, hence the original name is here retained.

Dr. Stuxberg also implies his belief that Dr. Packard’s speci-
mens were immature, being credited with but 28 segments (29 if
the anal valves are counted), but we are convinced that 28 is the
normal number for Trichopetalum. Dr. Stuxberg’s statement
that immature specimens of Craspedosoma have 29 and 27 seg-
ments, does not agree with other European writers, according to
whom the stages are 26, 28, 30.

70 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

CONOTYLA gen. nov.

Eyes of numerous (16-19)* prominent ocelli arranged in triangular patches.

Antenne long or very long, slender or sub-clavate; third joint longest.

Mandibles with eleven pectinate lamelle.

Promentum not distinct.* :

Segments with moderately prominent, shoulder-lke carinz.

Anterior male legs with ventral face of the last joint hispid with fine
bay onet-like spines.

First two pairs of legs much smaller than the others; legs 4, 5 and 6 of
males somewhat crassate.

Second legs of males with a cushion-like, cone-bearing process on the third
joint; legs 4 and 5 with a similar process on the fourth joint.

Male genitalia of two distinct pairs, the posterior larger, attached to the
bases of the ninth legs.
- Ninth legs of male two-jointed, the distal joint oval, unarmed, without a
chitinous knob.

Tenth and eleventh legs of male with large coxal apertures directed meso-
caudad.

Eleventh legs of male with a meso-proximally directed process arising from
the base of the third joint.

Segments of adult 30.

Distribution—N ortheastern North America.

In addition to the above, the following characters are common
to all the species we have examined :—

Body fusiform, broadest at about the 9th segment, narrowed abruptly ceph-
alad, and very gradually caudad; in cross-section nearly circular, with rather
prominent lateral elevations.

Labrum with the lateral teeth exceeding the middle one, but not projecting
as far as the sides of the labrum.

Antenne with average ratio of length of joints2.5:4.5:7-8.5: 7: 10:5:1.5.

Antepenultimate segment without carinz, that is, the surface between the
bristle-bearing tubercles is not elevated.

Penultimate with its ventral portion nearly covered by the preceding seg-
ment. :

Anal segment with two long transparent papille on the posterior trunca-
tion; from each papilla springs a long slender bristle.

The genitalia of the species of this genus are, as far as known,
double, that is consist of two entirely distinct pairs of structures
(e. g., plate IV, fig. 73), and in this respect otfer a sharp distine-
tion from those of Zygonopus and Trichopetalum, the nearest

* The ocelli number 24, and a promentum is present in Conotyla leibergi sp.
n., which is provisionally placed in the present genus, with which it appar-
ently has most affinity. Males are not known.

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 71

generic relatives. We have little faith in the homologies of these
structures suggested by European writers, for though in some
special cases they may sometimes appear reasonable, a general
application is notevident. In dissecting C. fischeri we found that
the posterior pair of genital processes always remained attached
to the ninth pair of legs, while the anterior pair remained in the
body, and on account of their small size were at first overlooked.
An examination of other species showed in each the two pairs of
structures, though the anterior is much reduced, and perhaps func-
tionless. The posterior pair of genitalia may perhaps be homolo-
gous to the larger of the plumose processes of Trichopetalum.

This genus much resembles in characters of form, carine and
spines the three genera Zygonopus, Scoterpes and Trichopetalum.
From the first two of these it is distinct in the possession of well-
developed eyes, and from the last in having 30 segments.

The spines of the pectinate lamelle are sometimes bifid at the
tip, especially in the middle rows.

In this genus the bayonet-like spines of the last joint are found
on all or nearly all the male legs, becoming fewer and smaller on

the posterior legs.

In describing the species of this genus we have made frequent
comparisons with Conotyla fischeri, the type of the genus, a new
species of which we have abundant material and are hence able
to describe more thoroughly than the other species.

Conotyla fischeri sp. n.
Plates IV—V, figures 55-78.

Hyes prominent, broadly triangular, the ocelli arranged in four rows, 2-4
-+6+-7=19, the short rows being towards the antennz. The direction of the
rows is oblique to the posterior margin of the vertex, and diverging mesad.

Antenne filiform, 2.8 to 3.2 mm. long, .14 to .16 mm. thick; approximate
ratio of lengths of joints beginning with the seventh, 2.5: 4: 8: 7:10: 5: 1.5.

First segment viewed from above semicircular-reniform; a fine ridge, or
rather row of minute, bead-like protuberances; a small plane or slightly de-
pressed area on each side of the median line near the centre of the surface of
the segment; on each side the customary three bristles and accompanying
prominences, the outer and larger bristle being usually directed horizontally
outward and located on the small carina or lateral corner of the segment.
Second bristle much smaller, located a little mesad and cephalad of the other,
near the margin of the sezment; third bristle about midway between the sec-
ond and the median line, and directly mesad from the first bristle.

(ea a The Craspedosomatide of North America.

Mentum semi-elliptical, about twice as broad as long. It is difficult to de-
termine the posterior edge, as the chitin is gradually thinner, passing into a
transparent membrane. A cross-section, however, shows that the chitinized
membrane extends back to a transverse ridge and furrow, giving the mentum
the proportions assigned above.

Promentum obsolete, the pointed triangular space between the rounded an-
terior edge of the mentum and the lingual laminz is covered by a transparent
membrane, sometimes appearing chitinized, but not to the same extent as the
surrounding parts.

Stipes of gnathochilarium with two cardos, an exterior, subtriangular, and
a larger interior, sharply serrated along its anterior edge (see plate). Includ-
ing the processes, the stipes are five times as long as their greatest width, which
occurs anteriorly; sparsely hirsute posteriorly with short bristles; a row of
longer bristles along the lateral margin anteriorly; one long bristle about the
middle, considerably removed from the anterior margin. Exterior process
with nine cones, 4 on the apex, the others on the exterior face. Interior pro-
cess thicker than the exterior, with 12-10 cones, all on the apex.

Lingual laminz about three times as long as broad, the anterior and pos-
terior edges nearly straight, converging mesad; a few (7-8) scattered bristles,
a very long one near the anterior-exterior corner. Lingual lobes semicircular,
subequal to base of inner process; with 4-5 cones, the inner of which is larger,
longer, sharp-pointed and curved mesad.

Middle lobe of tongue subequal to the lingual laminze, equal in width. to
inner process; anterior edges straight, meeting at a right angle, or rounded.

Lingual process longer than broad; middle tooth large, one or both of the
small lateral teeth frequently obsolete.

Second segment about half as long as the first, the two outer bristles located
on the upper side of the carina, the second nearly directly cephalad from the
first, the third about midway between the first and the median line.

Third and subsequent segments gradually longer, and with larger, some-
what oblique, carinze, on which the two outer bristles are located. The third
bristle is gradually farther away from the median line on the succeeding seg-
ments, and directed more obliquely backward. The anterior subsegments
have about five transverse parallel lines connected by fine longitudinal lines. ~
Beginning at the middle of the first segment, and extending caudad over all
the segments except the anal, is a fine median ridge, with a fine furrow on
each side. Near the ventral edge of each segment, beginning with the second,
is a thin oblique carina, nearly parallel to the thickened ventral margin, so
that its posterior end is higher; this carina has a downward curve or angle on
the anterior segments, and is straighter on the posterior.

Posterior segments have the carinze gradually smaller, and the middle pair
of bristles come closer to the median line. The surface of all the segments is
finely areolate; on the lateral and ventral surfaces are fine parallel furrows
suggesting the striated condition in Iulidz. Posterior middle portion of the
segment frequently with a few oblique wrinkles or depressions.

Antepenultimate segment shortest, without keel, that is the surface be-

i

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 73

tween the bristle-bearing protuberances is scarcely elevated, and the bristles
are nearly in a traverse line.
Penultimate segment almost covered by the preceding; bristles in a

_ straight row; posterior margin very finely serrate, as is also that of the pre-

ceding segments, but to a less degree.
Anal segment truncate posteriorly, slightly emarginate in the middle, lat-

: erally broadly sinuate. There are eight bristles, two close to the median line,

near the middle of the segment, the others close to the posterior margin; at
the emargination, one on each side of the median line, a pair of very slender
bristles with large conic bases as long as the anterior pair of bristles; one bris-
tle at each angle of the truncation; below these a third pair in the upper part
of the sinuation. All the bristles of this segment are more slender than those
of the preceding segments.

Anal valves subequal to the anal segment, above with a blunt angle, con-
vex; a slight ridge near the somewhat faintly raised margins bears three slen-
der bristles at equal distances from each other; the superior bristle is much
closer to the anal segment than the inferior one is to the preanal scale.

Preanal scale semicircular, faintly truncate or medianly emarginate, bear-
ing on each side, not far from the median linea setigerous tubercle; the bristles
very slender, nearly twice as long as those of the anal valves, directed poster-
iorly and upward, lying close to the anal valves.

First pair of legs of male small, six-jointed, the joints beyond the cox
measuring respectively .08, .34, .18, .12, and .42 mm., third and fourth joints:
widest, .12 mm.; no roughenings or protuberances; claw large, with two
large secondary claws on the superior edge.

Second pair of legs of male also six-jointed, larger than first pair, measure-
ments of corresponding joints, .10, .40, .18, .12 and .44 mm.; second joint
thickest, .14 mm., not including a large rounded protuberance near the mid-
dle of the inferior surface of the joint. The diameter of this protuberance is
about half that of the joint, and its surface is covered with transparent chitin-
ous cones of various sizes. Claw as for the first legs. ;

Third pair of legs of male seven-jointed, lengths of joints, from coxa, .20,
-04, .34, .46, .16, .12, .48 mm.; width of third joint .22 mm. The inferior
surface of the distal half of the seventh joint is covered with hook-like, trans-
parent processes arranged in longitudinal rows. Claw without evident second-
ary claws.

Fourth pair of legs of male with joints measuring .20, .04, .34, .54, .20, .14
and .46 mm., width of third and fourth joints .24 mm. About one-
third of the distance from the distal end of the fourth joint a large subclavate
protuberance about as broad as long, the surface covered with cones like the
protuberance of the second leg. The seventh joint is roughened like that of
the third leg. No secondary claws.

Fifth legs of male; joints .14, .04, .40, .52, .18, .14 and .54 mm., third joint
-24mm. wide. A large protuberance similar to that of the fourth legs. No
secondary claws.

Sixth legs same as fifth in proportion of joints, ete. Third joint similar to
second joint of second leg.

14 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

Seventh legs of male with joints of similar proportions; on the side of the
proximal end of the fourth joint a long, nearly cylindrical process, at the end
with four large teeth, between which its surface is beset with smail cones.
The distal end of the coxa has a rounded protuberance covered with small
knobs. This protuberance is on the inferior-posterior surface of the coxa,
and it appears to fit against the anterior of the two pairs of genitalia.

Tenth legs of male with nearly the same proportions as the seventh, slightly
more slender, coxze closely approximate, each produced into a protuberance
next to the median line; the protuberance is distally of soft tissue, and very
irregular in shapeand size. Seventh joint roughened below with hooks. Claw
with two small secondary claws on superior edge.

Eleventh legs of male with similar proportions; third joint inferiorly and
proximally with a cylindrical process directed mesad. Seventh joint with
hook-like roughenings more confined to distal portion; two secondary claws.

Twelfth legs of male slightly longer and more slender than the others. Sey-
enth joint as for eleventh legs. Two secondary claws; inferior surface of
coxee with small knobs.

The legs of females are ina general way similar in size and shape to those
of males, but the anterior are more slender, aud all are destitute of the pecu-
liar knobs, processes, and protuberances.

The normal legs of the body are more slender than the anterior pairs. The
bayonet-like structures of the seventh joint gradually decrease in number,
and disappear at the forty-fifth pair. The surface of the coxee of all the legs
is roughened with small conical knobs, as is also the surface of the pedifer-
ous lamine.

In the inferior groove of the claw of all the legs of this species is a very
delicate hair extending considerably beyond the claw, to which it lies closely
appressed. We have not been able to find any similar structure in other species.

Color obscure horn-brown, with dark brown points, especially on the ex-
posed posterior portions of the segments; ventral portions mottled. Proximal
joints of legs paler, the distal dark brown; antenne fuscous. Penultimate
segment pale, the last segment dark.

Length of large specimen 18 mm. ; width 1.6 mm.

Habitat—Central New York. We have collected about
100 specimens from the following localities :—Syracuse, James-
ville, Onativia and Marcellus, Onondaga county; Wolcott, Wayne
county; Farmington, Ontario county. At Marcellus several in-
dividuals were found under the loose bark of a fallen butternut.
tree (Juglans cinerea). All the other specimens were found
among leaves and rotting vegetable matter in moist woods.

It gives us great pleasure to name this species for our friend,
Prof. J. T. Fischer, of Syracuse University, whose keen powers
of vision and lively company contributed greatly to the success.
and pleasure of many collecting expeditions in central New York.

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 15

:. Conotyla atrolineata (Boll. ).

Craspedosoma atrolineatum Bollman: Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. X, p. 618
"4 (1887); Bulletin 46 U. S. Nat. Museum, pp. 35 and 183 (1893).

Plate VI, figures 95-100.

_ Eyes rounded triangular in shape, the ocelli in diagonal rows beginning

posteriorly 7--6--4--3=20, or 7--6--4--2=19.

Antenne filiform, 2.5 mm. long, .14 thick, ratio of lengths of joints begin-
ning with the seventh, 3: 4.5: 8: 7.5: 10: 5.5: 1.5, the seventh being propor-
tionally longer than in other species of the genus. The antenne are somewhat
stouter than in fischeri and bollmani, cf. figs. 64, 83 and 95.

Gnathochilarium apparently not different from C. fischeri, except that the
lingual processes are strongly tridentate.

First segment reniform; anterior margin and setigerous tubercles as in
C. fischeri.

Subsequent segments with carinz rather large, swollen, surface finely reticu-

- lated, anterior subsegment with about three transverse parallel ridges, some-
times concealed by the preceding segment. Between the anterior and posterior

_ Subsegments there sometimes appears a row of small, bead-like ridges.

Anal segment smooth, the posterior scarcely or not at all depressed. The
two anterior setze very close together, the others as in C. fischeri.

Anal valves slightly convex, the posterior margins nearly straight up to the
angulation which is quite sharp and equal to the anal segment.

Preanal scale as in C. fischeri.

Male genitalia of the anterior pair with (fig. 97) a large bulbous base, bifid
distally, the larger division laciniate-dentate at apex. ‘The posterior pair of

genitalia (fig. 96) are much more complex than in bollmani or fischeri.

Color light horn-brown, the carinze and a rather broad dorsal line darker,
sometimes very dark.
Length 14 mm.; width 1.3 mm.

Pe

We have examined nine specimens referred to this species.
One mature male and two females. U.S. N. M. No. 439, from
Glacier, B. C.; five immature specimens U. S. N. M. 332, from the
same place, and one female from Winona, Minnesota (No. 331).
The type of this species was from Glacier, B. C., and we have
examined specimens from that locality. Mr. Bollman also re-
ported this species from Winona, Minn. (Coll. Holzinger). The
‘Single female specimen is now in the National Museum. It has
three dark longitudinal lines, but the color is lighter than the typi-
cal specimen, the animal considerably more robust, less attenuate
posteriorly. The arrangement of the ocelli is also different in
Specimens from the two localities, cf. figs. 99 and 100.
We would not be surprised if when the males are collected the
Species will prove to be distinct. The great difference in habitat

76 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

also indicates probable distinctness, for with the possible excep- —
tion of Underwoodia iuloides (Harger) there is no chordeumid
species known from localities so widely separated.

Conotyla bollmani (McNeill).

Trichopetalum bollmani McNeill: Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum X, 330 (1887);
Bull. Brookville Soc. IIT, 8 (1888).

Craspedosoma bollmani (McNeill) Bollman: Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. X, p. 619;
Bull. 46 U. 8. Nat. Mus., p. 36.

Scoterpes bollmani (McNeill) Bollman: Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. XI, 405,
1888; Bull. 46 U. S. Nat. Mus., 106.

Plate V, figures 79-94.

Eyes triangular of about 19 ocelli, arranged in four rows, as in C. fischeri,
2+4+46-+7, though this formula is varied by the interposition of small ocelli,
and the curving of the rows.

Antenne filiform, 3.5 mm. long, .16 mm. thick; ratio of lengths of joints
beginning with the seventh, 2.5: 4.5: 8: 7.5: 10: 4.5: 1.

Gnathochilarium as in C. fischeri.

First segment semicircular or subreniform; about half way from the median
line to the lateral angle is a well-pronounced depression about the size of the
base of an antenna; the middle tubercle is also situated in a smaller, more
shallow depression. Tubercles arranged as in C. fischeri. Surface nearly
smooth, a very fine median furrow beginning about the middle of the segment,
and extending to the posterior margin. Anterior margin raised.

Subsequent segments nearly the same as in C. fischeri. ‘The ridge of the
dorsal furrow is somewhat fainter, and the oblique wrinkles of the posterior
portion of the segment do not appear. Moreover the whole dorsal surface of
the segments is very minutely hispid with microscopic point-like bristles,
either not present or scarce in C. fischeri. Posterior setee as long as the seg-
ments.

Anal segment without median furrow or ridge, truncate behind for a dis-
tance of about half the breadth of the segment, the eight sete arranged as in
C. fischeri, except that the outside pair are farther away from those above them
than in that species. Surface more finely areolate punctate than the other seg-
ments and with the microscopic point-like hairs.

Anal valves not strongly convex, more prominent above the middle, and
almost angulate, with three setigerous tubercles along the margin somewhat
more prominent than in C fischeri. The surface of the valves is like that of —
he anal segment.

Preanal scale as in C. fischeri.

Color uniform light horn-brown.

Length 17 mm.; width 1.7 mm.

Habitat: Caves near Bloomington, Indiana. We have ex-
amined about 40 specimens, as follows: Bloomington U. S.

The Craspedosomatide of North America. Wi

'N. M. No. 8; Truitt’s Cave, No. 234; Neal’s Cave, No. 235;

~ Coon’s Cave, Nos. 236 and 443; also Nos. 419 and 447, with no

- locality given. MecNeill’s types were from Mayfield’s Cave, five
miles northwest of Bloomington. The species is reported by
Bollman from all the above localities and from Phitt’s and Done-
hue’s Caves, Bedford, Indiana, and said to be abundant.

Conotyla leibergi sp. n.
Plate VI, figures 102-104.

Eyes subtriangular, the posterior dorsal side straight, other sides curved,

beginning at posterior dorsal side arranged 9+6-+-5-+-3+1=24, the first row
- with two small ocelli.

Antenne subclavate, length 1.7 mm., 6th joint thickest, .16 mm. in diam-
eter; ratio of lengths of joints, beginning with the seventh, 2: 4:7: 6.5: 10:
5:5.

Gnathochilarium differing from that of the three preceding species in the
possession of a small, broadly triangular promentum.

First segment anteriorly nearly semicircular, posteriorly slightly emargin-
ate, margined anteriorly to the lateral angles; a fine dorsal line posteriorly;
the three tubercles located as in C. fischeri.

Subsequent segments with gradually swollen carinze of moderate size, pro-
portionally not so large and abruptly elevated as in C. fischeri. ‘The lines
and reticulations as in that species, but more pronounced.

Anal segment broadly truncate, more so than in C. fischeri. Bristles ar-
ranged as in that species.

Anal valves subequal to anal segment, the angle more pronounced than in
C. fischeri; moderately convex, margined, with three bristles, arranged as in
C. fischeri:

Anal scale small, nearly semicircular; two tubercles, with long sete ap-
pressed to the anal valves.

Color: Dorsum dark fuscous-brown, nearly black, a fine median line, a line
along the tubercles, the ventral portions, feet and extremities of the body
paler, horn-brown or sordid. Antennz dark brown. On some paler speci-
mens the darker color of the posterior subsegments gives the appearance of a
series of transverse dark bands and a row of dark spots along the sides.

The carinee of this species are proportionally not so large and abruptly ele-
vated as in C. fischeri. ;

Length 14 mm.; width 1.4 mm.

Habitat: Lake Pend d’Oreille, Idaho.

We have examined three female specimens collected on “ dry
granite ledges, in tufts of moss.” The material was sent us by
Mr. J. B. Leiberg, for whom we take pleasure in naming this
Species.

eas

78 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

We attempted to identify this species with Trichopetalum glo-

meratum Harger, but the differences in color, size and number
of ocelli are too great to permit this.

The characters of the antenne, gnathochilarium and ocelli ren-
der this species quite distinct from atrolineata. Indeed, it is
probable that when the males are found this species will prove
generically distinct from Conotyla.

Conotyla glomerata (Harger).

Trichopetalum glomeratum Harger: Am. Journ. Sci. and Arts, IV, pp. 118
(1872).

Craspedosoma glomeratum (Harger) Bollman: Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum X, 619
(1887); Bull. 46 U. S. Nat. Mus. pp. 36 and 120.

Plate VI, figure 104a. i

‘This species is somewhat larger than the preceding (lwnatum), but closely
resembles it, except in the following points: The general color is somewhat
darker. The eyes of 19 ocelli in a subtriangular patch. There are 31 seg-
ments, and the fifth joint of the antenne is much shorter than the third.
These joints, except the first, measure: second .20 mm.; third .40 mm.; fourth
.24 mm.; fifth .33 mm.; sixth .18 mm.; seventh 12mm. Length of animal
10 mm.

‘“A single specimen of this species was collected by the writer in the valley
of the John Day River, Oregon, in October, 1871.’’

The original description of this species is so brief that the
generic position must remain in doubt. A general resemblance
to Trichopetalum lunatum is alleged, but the thirty(-one) seg-
ments, the shorter fifth joint of the antenne and the triangular
eyes show a close approximation with Conotyla.

Conotyla wyandotte (Bollman).

Scotherpes wyandotte Bollman: Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum XI, p. 405 (1888).
Bull. 46 U. S. Nat. Museum p. 106 (1893).

Plate VI, figure 101.

“* Diagnosis: Related to Cr. lunatum (Harger), but the color dark, ocelli
arranged in a triangular patch, and the body larger and more robust.

Habitat: Wyandotte, Indiana.

Type: U.S. National Museum.

Description: Body stout, short, scarcely depressed. Dorsal plates reticu-
lated; lateral carinse as in Junatum. Ocelli 16-4, in a triangular patch. Yel-
lowish-brown ; legs pale. Length .10 mm.; width, 1.5 mm.

This new species is described from a female which was found a few miles
north of Wyandotte Cave, Crawford County [Indiana].’’

———- -

/

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 19

The triangular eyes, dark colorand larger size indicate that this
species has more characters in common with Conotyla than with
Trichopeialam, though when males are found it is likely to prove
distinct from both genera.

We examined the type specimen, U. 8. Nat. Museum No. 440,
and made the following notes :—

Eyes (fig. 101) triangular, the ocelli in diagonal rows beginning posteriorly
14+6+5+3+41=16. Three ocelli border on the lateral margin of the head.

First segment with posterior margin convex, otherwise as in C. fischert.

Subsequent segments with the median bristles longer than the exterior ones,
at least on posterior segments. The tubercle on which the interior bristle is
located is just mesad of the much swollen carina. An elevated ridge runs
above both the exterior tubercles. Segments of the middle of the body short,
bristles rather close together, the median pair located well ahead. Anterior
Subsegments with four or five rows of small, oblong elevations set close to-
gether. The usual median furrows aud ridge present, but faint. On the pos-
terior segments the carinz gradually disappear, and the protuberances tend to
become arranged in a straight line.

Penultimate segment equal in length to the antepenultimate.

Anal segment contracted posteriorly, viewed from above it appears squarely
truncate. The usual eight bristles present.

Anal valves not prominent, margins scarcely raised; above slightly exceed-
ing last segment, and faintly angled; each with three bristles, the superior one
close to the apex of the anal segment.

In September 1893 two female specimens of a species bearing
a general resemblance to wyandotte were collected in a swampy
pasture at Grass Lake, near Jackson, Michigan.
Habitat: Known only from the vicinity of Bloomington,
Indiana.

UNDERWOODIA gen. nov.

Eyes moderately developed, of numerous (13) ocelli arranged in triangular
patches.

Antenne moderately robust, subclavate, third joint longest, or the fifth
subequal. —

Mandibles with eight pectinate lamelle.

Promentum present, triangular.

Segments with lateral carinee strizform, appearing only on the anterior
segments; setigerous tubercles minute.

Legs rather robust; terminal joints of male legs not hispid.

First pair of legs of male robust.

Second legs of male strongly crassate, the coxee produced, hamate; claw
very small.

re dy

80 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

Third legs of male moderately crassate; coxee produced, third joint much

swollen.

Legs 4-7 not specially modified.

Genitalia of male of two pairs of laminee, the anterior broad, the posterior
slender.

Ninth legs of male two-jointed; basal joint bulbous, attenuate above; second
joint broadly oval.

Tenth legs with coxa much enlarged, the other joints reduced.

Segments of adult 30.

Distribution: Northeastern North America.

This genus is named for Dr. L. M. Underwood, to whose kind-
ness we are indebted for the opportunity of studying Myriapoda.

The following new species is made the type of the genus be-
cause the male is known, and the generic secondary sexual char-
acters are drawn from this species. In the other characters the
two species agree, except in the proportions of the antennal joints.

A noteworthy fact regarding this genus is the enormous pre-
ponderance of females. We have collected nearly 300 specimens,
of which but two are males. In most Diplopoda the females are
more numerous than the males, but such a proportion as this is
not reached elsewhere, as far as we are aware. The other genera
of Craspedosomatide do not seem to have the sexes especially
unequal in number.

Underwocdia polygamia sp. n.
Plate X, figures 180-190.

Body fusiform, broadest about the middle, narrowed gradually to both
ends.

Vertex prominent, smooth and shining, without evident sulcus.

Clypeus sparsely hirsute below; evenly convex.

Eyes broadly triangular, of 13 ocelli arranged in three rows 6+5+2. The
external ocellus of the upper rows is somewhat above the line of those with
which it is counted.

Antenne moderately robust, slightly clavate; the approximate ratios of
lengths of joints, beginning with the seventh: 3:4.5:9:5:10:5:3. Joints all
hirsute, the distal more than the proximal.

Mentum rounded in front and behind.

Promentum triangular, the posterior side concave.

Stipes and lingual laminze with a few long hairs.

Lingual lobes with three sense-cones.

Styliform processes deeply trifid, the middle tooth smallest.

First segment broadly reniform, the posterior corners rather square; not
medianly emarginate behind. Outer setigerous tubercles somewhat mesad

The Craspedosomatide of North America 81

from the posterior corner; second tubercle about midway between the first
and third; the third rather close to the median line. Tubercles very small,
located in very slight depressions; the setze slender and if horizontal would
nearly reach the posterior margin of the segment.

Surface of all the segments apparently smooth and shining, but if suffi-
ciently magnified it appears finely reticulate-areolate, the areas being irregu-
larly hexagonal or quadrate. On the anterior subsegments the areolation is
somewhat coarser and more regular, consisting of rectangles in transverse
rows. On the sides of the segments and below the longitudinal lines of the
reticulations become more distinct giving the appearance of longitudinal stria-
tions. The usual fine median line distinct.

Carine very fine, linear, strizeform, oblique, the anterior end being higher;
the carinze gradually decrease in size from the first segment and disappear
about the tenth. Below, near to and parallel with the ventral edge of the
seoments is a fine furrow, more evident on posterior segments.

Setigerous tubercles and setz also decreasing in size from the first segment,
almost disappearing on the middle segments. On posterior segments the
tubercles and sete increase in size, extending beyond the posterior margins of
their segments.

Posterior segments not much shorter than the anterior.

_ Anal segment without median line; broadly truncate; the dorsal pair of
tubercles very small and close together, located in a very slight transverse
furrow, the seta not reaching the posterior margin of the segment. The conic
processes of the posterior margin as long as the distance from their bases to the
anterior pair of tubercles; from their apices extend very slender hairs (fre-
quently broken off) equalling in length the conic bases. The next pair of
marginal setze located near the corners of the truncation, and as long as the
conic processes.

Anal valves smooth or with faint vertical wrinkles; three setigerous tuber-
cles somewhat removed from the slightly compressed margin.

Preanal scale semicircular, broadly emarginate; two tubercles and slender
setze. :

Pedigerous laminz plain in front, reticulate-areolate, mucronate between
the bases of the legs.

Legs of both sexes rather robust.

First legs of male (fig. 180) six-jointed, rather robust; basal joint with apex
hirsute with fine hairs; second joint broader than long; last joint with a comb
of coarser hairs along the ventral side; claw large; two supplementary claws.

Second legs of male (fig. 181) six-jointed, strongly crassate; basal joint pro-
duced into a long chitinous hook; second joint very small; joints 3-6 very

_ stout and hirsute with fine flexuous hairs; last joint densely clothed with long
flexuous hairs, especially long at apex, and far exceeding the very small claw.

Third legs of male (fig. 182) seven-jointed; basal joint produced into
rounded processes with a tuft of flexuous hairs at apex; second joint very
small, concealed (in the drawing) behind the first and third joints; third joint

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., IX, Nov., 1895—6

82 The Craspedosomatide of North America

strongly crassate; fourth joint less crassate, the others nearly normal, except
that all are hirsute; claw very small, but larger than on the second legs.

Legs 4-7 not specially modified.

Male genitalia (figs. 186-187) consisting of an anterior lamina deeply bifid
at apex, the divisions subequal, curved backward; anterior lamina simple,
narrow, subequal in length to the other; a median subclavate process arising
from the pedigerous lamina.

Ninth legs of male (figs. 186-187) two jointed, the basal joint large and
bulbous at base, gradually attenuate distad into a point, subequal to the geni-
talia in length; second joint broadly oval, attached by a narrow base to the
outer side of the first joint; outer face of second joint somewhat flattened,
hirsute externally (anterior face) and distally, also with a few papille.

Tenth legs of male with the coxe (fig. 185) greatly enlarged and with an
irregular mass of membrane or hardened secretion attached to the ventral
side; other joints normal but reduced in size.

Color dark horn-brown, lighter below. The shade varies, some specimens
being much lighter than others. The darkest color is upon the head and the
exposed portion of the anterior subsegments, giving the animal alternate bands
of darker and lighter brown, if examined more closely. Last segment and
anal valves dark. Excepting the dark band the segments are spotted and
mottled with light brown or whitish. A fine median line pale or whitish.
Feet pale, the distal joints darker than the proximal. Antenne dark, each
joint finely ringed with white at base.

Length about 8 mm.; width .65 mm.

Habitat: We have collected about 80 specimens on the
north shore of Long Island, New York, May, 1893, at two sta-
tions about seven miles apart, Centreport and Cold Spring.

The habitat was in both cases quite the same, among rotting
leaves on a heavily wooded hillside where the ground was
springy and moist all the year. The Cold Spring station is near
the building of the New York State Fish Commission. Of the
nearly 80 specimens but two were males, hence the specific name.
Specimens were not abundant and several hours were spent col-
lecting them, in the hope of finding more males, so that the ma-
terial for study might be more abundant, the animal being so
small that nothing can be made out with accuracy without dis-
section.

The species differs from U. culozdes in being slightly larger, of
dark color, in the better development of the eves, and in havy-
ing the third joint of the antenne longer than the fifth.

»

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 83

Underwoodia iuloides (Harger).

Trichopetalum iuloides Harger: Am. Journ. Sci. and Arts, IV, 118 (1872);
Ryder: Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. III, 527 1881; Packard: Proc. Am.
Philos. Soc. XXI, 192 (1883).

Chordeuma iuloides (Harger) Bollman: Bull. 46 U. S. Nat. Mus. 121 (1893).

Plate X, figures 177-179.

Eyes more or less triangular, of about 13 ocelli, without evident arrange-
ment into rows.

Antennz moderately clavate .75 to .85 mm. long, fifth joint thickest, .10 to
.12 mm. in diameter; ratio of lengths of joints, beginning with the seventh,
3: 4.5: 8-10: 5.5: 10: 5: 3. Olfactory cones very slender and sharp-pointed.

First segment smooth, nearly semi-circular in front, straight behind, except
a slight emargination in the middle; with a very fine raised margin anteriorly
to the lateral angles. Median furrow indistinct. Three fine, hair-like setz
on each side, one close to the lateral angle, one a short distance from the me-
dian line and one midway between.

Subsequent segments nearly smooth, a very fine dorsal line, the first five or
six segments with a slight trace of lateral carine, the others smooth, as in
Tulidz. Each segment has three small bristles on each side, situated as on
the first segment. On posterior segments the bristles become larger, have a
prominent base, and are closer to the posterior margin of the segment. The
ventral edges of anterior segments, at least, are sharply and finely serrate.

Anal segment smooth, as viewed from above having a semi-circular outline,
posteriorly truncate. From the posterior margin of the truncation, near the
middle, come two long conic papille, each tipped with a very slender flexuous
hair. At each corner of the truncation, a little removed from the margin is a
slender bristle directed backward; another posteriorly-directed slender bristle
some distance below, near the sinuation. The other two dorsal bristles are
near the median line, some distance behind the middle of the segment, and
each located in a depression.

Color light horn-brown, mottled with white, many specimens show very lit-
tle brown and are dirty white in color, especially in aleohol. The body is so
transparent that the contents of the alimentary canal frequently give the ap-
pearance of a dark dorsal stripe.

Length 6.5-8 mm.; width .6 mm.

Habitat: North Eastern North America. MHarger’s type
was from Simmons’ Harbor, north shore of Lake Superior. We
have collected specimens at Orillia, Ontario; abundant on Chief
Island, Lake Couchiching; Grass Lake, near Jackson, Michigan ;
and at several localities in central New York; Syracuse, Kirk-
ville, Marcellus. A careful search is likely to be successful in
any wooded locality which is so situated as to soil and drainage
as to be always moist, without being submerged. Individuals are

84 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

however, seldom abundant, and we have spent considerable time
in collecting about 200. None of these are males, so that the
generic position of the species must remain somewhat in doubt.
We were very unwilling to believe that so large a number
of specimens were all females, and re-examined them several -
times ; finally, in order to make sure that the internal structure
corresponded with the external appearance, longitudinal sections
of about 30 were cut, all of which showed more or less developed
eggs. We had begun to suspect parthenogenesis or some other
reproductive arrangement novel in Diplopoda when the specimens
of U. polygama were collected. Males were in that case found,
but with a disproportion of sexes so great as to encourage the
hope that the males of duloides will be discovered by persistent
collecting. ;

Some specimens of this species have the fifth joint of the
antennee equal to the third, a character otherwise found only in
Trichopetalum. The length, however, is not entirely the same in
specimens from the different localities.

CASEYA gen. nov.

Eyes well developed, of numerous (23) ocelli, arranged in subtriangular
patches.

Antenne moderately robust, clavate, third joing longest.

Mandibles with eleven pectinate lamelle.

Promentum present, triangular.

Segments cylindrical, without lateral carinze, longitudinally striate; setiger-
ous tubercles minute.

Legs slender; terminal] joint of male legs not hispid.

First legs of male small and slender.

Second legs of male very slender, the coxe produced into a curved process;
chird joint tuberculate on the ventral face; claw normal.

Third legs of male not crassate; coxse produced, third joint not swollen.

Legs 4 and 5 not specially modified.

Sixth legs with coxa somewhat enlarged, and with a tuft of hairs.

Seventh legs of male with the coxa much enlarged, the other joints reduced.

Genitalia of male of two pairs of laminz, the anterior large, the posterior
smaller, both pairs complex.

Ninth legs of male two-jointed, the basal joint broad at base, produced
distad, second joint broadly oval.

Tenth legs of male with coxee much enlarged, the other joints reduced.

Segments of adult 30.

Distribution: California.

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 85

This genus is named for Captain Thomas L. Casey, to
whom our thanks are due for a collection of Californian Myri-
apoda including this and other interesting forms.

Caseya differs from Underwoodia in the more numerous ocelli
and pectinate lamelle, the entire absence of carine, the pro-
nounced lateral striz, the slender anterior male legs, and the greatly
enlarged coxee of the seventh legs of the male. Many other differ-
ences of the same or less importance might be enumerated, such
as the shape of the modified coxe of the second and third pairs
of male legs, the slight modification of the coxe of the sixth
male legs, the process of the coxe of the tenth legs, and the
oblique carinz of the cox of the tenth and following legs; also
the form of the male genitalia and ninth male legs, for these dif-
ferences are not paralleled among the species of the other genera.

On the other hand there can be no doubt that these two genera
form a natural group and have more affinity with the European
genus Chordeuma than with the other American types.

The mandibulary cardo is apparently smaller and more coal-
esced than in Cleidogona; no sulcus is evident, but a suture
becomes apparent as the alcohol dries out.

The body is somewhat more gradually tapering caudad, and
slightly less so cephalad than Cleidogona, which this form
much resembles in external appearance. The head is, however,
not wider than the first segment, and the whole appearance of the
animal is the most iuliform of any of our Craspedosomatide. The
entire absence of carine, the rudimentary character of the setig-
erous tubercles, which are sunk in depressions, as though to
more thoroughly dispose of them, and the presence of longi-
tudinal striations, also give force to the fact that in the iuliform
Craspedosomatidz we have another of the strange approximations
of external form between animals widely separated by the more
important structural characters.

Caseya heteropus sp. n.

Body fusiform, broadest about the middle, narrowed gradually to both
ends.

Vertex prominent, smooth and shining; a few scattered punctations (per-
haps the bases of hairs); posteriorly emarginate-excavate, with a short median
suture extending from the posterior margin and not reaching an imaginary
line connecting the eyes.

86 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

Clypeus sparsely hirsute below, rather plane, a transverse depression above
the labrum.

Eyes broadly subtriangular, the ocelli not arranged with much regularity,
the vertical rows being usually more evident than the horizontal. Ocelli
counted horizontally from above: 7-+-6-+-5+4+2—24, or 6+5+4+3-+3=—21,
146+5+4-+3-+42+1=22.

Antenne moderately robust, somewhat clavate, ratio of lengths of joints,
beginning with the seventh: 2:4:8:6:10:6:2.

Proximal joints sparsely, the distal more densely hirsute. Below and lat-
erad from the antennal socket the margin of the head has a deep rounded
notch.

Mentum broadly quadrangular-arcuate, all the sides curved, convex in
front, concave behind.

Promentum triangular, subequilateral, posteriorly broadly emarginate;
sparsely hirsute.

Stipes and lingual laminze sparsely hirsute.

Lingual lobes with five sense cones.

Styliform processes quadridentate.

First segment broadly reniform, slightly emarginate in the middle poster-
iorly. A fine raised anterior margin; dorsal median line beginning just back of
the middle of segment; outer setigerous tubercles somewhat mesad from the
outer corners of the segment; second tubercle about midway between the first
and third. Tubercles minute, rather closer to the posterior margin than in
Underwoodia.

Surface of segments appearing smooth, but reticulate-areolate as described
- for Underwoodia polygama. On the sides and below the posterior subsegments
are longitudinally striate as in Iulidz. On the first segment are no striations;
the second with but one above the lower tubercle; the third with two; the
succeeding segments with three or four; below the lower tubercle about ten
striations, very distinct, at equal distances, somewhat oblique, the posterior
end lower. ‘The suture between the subsegments is sinuate medianly, the an-
terior subsegment extending somewhat into the posterior. Tubercles minute,
located in depressions, on all segments except the first and last arranged in a
transverse line. No trace of lateral carinze, the striations of the side not
larger than those below. On posterior segments the strive below the tubercles
are somewhat more numerous. Corners of the segments below evenly rounded,
the margin somewhat thickened; the lower side of the submarginal furrow is
extended into a minute sharp tooth.

Last segment truncate, tubercles located as usual; conic processes and setze
not seen.

Anal valves with the usual tubercles and long sete.

Preanal scale semicircular, subtruncate posteriorly; two long bristles some-
what remote from the posterior margin and located upon a transverse thicken-
inz of the scale.

Pedigerous laminze very small, coarsely areolate, subcarinate in front,
acuminate distad.

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 87

Legs rather slender, moderately hirsute, the coxze approximate, reticulate-
areolate, especially on posterior legs.

First legs of male (fig. 198) slender, apparently of the usual form, our
specimen somewhat broken and distal joint lost.

Second legs of male (figs. 199-200) more slender than the first; coxa pro-
duced from the anterior face into a blunt process curved backward; the process
is partly concealed by a tuft of long hairs which arise from the coxa behind
the process, extend distad and mesad and are curved around the process; third
joint very long, thickly tuberculate on the middle of the ventral face.

Third legs of male (figs. 201-203) with coxa much enlarged and produced
into conic processes, clothed at apex with a tuft of long hairs; both surfaces of
the joint are sparsely hirsute with shorter hairs; other joints not specially
modified, except that the distal joints are more hirsute; claw normal, equal
to that of the second legs.

Sixth male legs (fig. 206) with coxa slightly enlarged, the meso-distal cor-
ner prominent, clothed with long hairs.

Seventh male legs (figs. 207-209) with coxa greatly enlarged; on the mid-
dle of the distal side a conic process truncate at apex and surmounted with a
tuft of long hairs; in front of the process are other long hairs, and another tuft
at the inner distal corner of this joint. The second joint inserted at the outer
corner of the coxa. Other joints somewhat reduced in size, so that the length
of the seventh legs does not exceed that of the sixth. The third joint is short-
ened more than the others.

Male genitalia complex, (figs. 216-217) and as we had but one male, coeeres
tion was not carried far enough to make plain the relations of the parts. The
posterior arm seems to be perforate, the anterior part of it extending up into
the complicate anterior arm as two slender columns (fig. 216).

Ninth legs of male (fig. 218) with basal joint produced above and angled near
the apex with a deep, rounded notch subtended by a sharp tooth; second joint
narrower than in Uuderwoodia, hirsute distally and on the lateral face. The
pedigerous lamina has long curved ends and is medianly prominent. It may
be that this medial prominence is homologous with the long median process of
Underwoodia. -

Tenth legs of male (figs. 210-211) with cox much enlarged, similar to those
of Underwoodia; on the posterior side near the aperture a large rounded promi-
nence; also an oblique carina; other joints evidently reduced.

Eleventh and twelfth legs of male (figs. 212-213) slightly thicker than the
normal (fig. 214). Third joint with a few small tubercles on the v entral face;
coxe obliquely carinate on the posterior face.

Color inaleohol, dark brown with a bluish tinge. This may be due to the
fact that the specimens are old. Julidze sometimes turn blue in alcohol. The
segments have light spots and are coarsely marbled. Legs and antennz dark
brown, especially the distal joints.

Length 15 mm.; width 1.7 mm.

Exact locality not known, but the specimens, a mature male and
female, are evidently from California. In the same bottle was a

88 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

specimen of Pzromopus which is known with certainty to have
been taken on the hills back of Saucelito, across the Golden Gate
from San Francisco.

Notes on Exotic CRASPEDOSOMATIDA.

As likely to be of interest in connection with a study of the
American forms, we add brief notes on the other genera and
Species, as far as they have been described sufliciently to state
the more important characters.

RHISCOSOMA Latzel. 1884.
Myr. Gist. Ung. Mon. Zweite Halfte, p. 173.

Eyes distinct, ocelli numerous (11).

Antenne moderately long, rather slender, slightly clavate, fifth joint long-
est.

Segments above strongly arched, with large, continuous carine which are
decurved in the direction of the dorsal arch; setigerous tubercles very small.

Distribution: Austro-Hungary.

This very curious genus was described from individuals sup-
posed to be immature, with 23 segments, and measuring 3.5 mm.
by .6mm. The carine are so large as to reach down to the ground

when the animal is crawling, so that the animal is hollowed

out below. The resemblance to a Polyzonium is very great.

ATRACTOSOMA Fanzago, 1876.
Annuario d. Soc. d. Naturaliste in Modena X, p. 70.

Eyes distinct, of numerous ocelli (25-29) arranged in triangular or semi-
circular patches.

Antenne very long and slender, third joint longest.

Segments with lateral carine large, horizontal, rounded in front, hooked
behind; setve rather long.

Seventh segment nearly normal.

First two pairs of legs small and slender, the next five pairs strongly cras-
sate in the male.

Legs 3-7 of male with a very short claw, the ventral face of the last joint
hispid. Coxa of seventh leg with a conic process. Genitalia of male complex,
of three pairs of lamelle.

Ninth legs ef male simple, oblong (cf. Verhceff).

Tenth and eleventh legs of male with a wart-like process on the coxa, the
terminal joint somewhat hispid.

The above characters are drawn from Latzel’s description of
A. meridionale Fanzago, the type species.

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 89

Atractosoma carpathicum Latzel.
_ Seventh segment of male with the ventral margin produced into two long
slender teeth.

Genitalia totally different from those of A. meridionale, of two pairs of la-
mellee.

‘Ninth legs of male very simple, reduced to a somewhat conic process with
an apical bristle.

Atractosoma bohemicum Rosicky.

Anterior male legs with the terminal joint not cushioned or hispid.

Ninth male legs simple, without processes or teeth, their sternum also
simple.

The North American Craspedosomatide, as far as known, show
no close resemblances with the species of Atractosoma, either in
form of body or structure of genitalia and ninth male legs.

CRASPEDOSOMA Leach and Rawlins, 1814.
Trans. Linn. Soc. XI. 2, p. 380.

Eyes well developed, of numerous (25-28) ocelli arranged in triangular
patches.

Antenne very long, slender, third joint longest.

Segments rather depressed, with traces of obtuse carinz, especially in front;
tubercles and setze very small.

Seventh segment ventrally inflated.

First and second male legs small, the last joint fringed on the inner edge.

Legs 3-7 of male scarcely thicker than the normal, the last joint pulvi-
nate.*

Male genitalia of two pairs of processes, the larger simple, broad, the others
approximate, very slender.

Ninth legs of male replaced by a pelviform structure with median pro-
cesses.

Tenth and eleventh male legs with a verruciform process.

Distribution: Many species, reported from nearly all parts of
Europe.

The above characters are drawn from Latzel’s description and
plates of Cr. rawlinsii, the type of the genus. Numerous species
have been referred to Craspedosoma, many of them without
proper study of the secondary sexual characters, and without
giving them such systematic weight as they seem to us to be en-
titled.

Among characters of this kind some of the more noteworthy
are as follows :—

*Whether these legs differ from those we have called hispid is not clear.

90 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

Craspedosoma oribates Latzel.

Genitalia apparently similar in plan to those of C. rawlinsii,, but the ninth
pair of legs consisting of two clavate structures united at base, diverging at
apex and beset with bristles. Seventh pair of legs decidedly smaller than the
sixth.

Craspedosoma stygium Latzel.

Genitalia, according to Latzel, of four pairs of structures, one clavate (prob-
ably ninth legs) and three pairs of smaller structures between.

Seventh pair of male legs wanting, that is, there are but six pairs in front
of the genitalia.

Legs 4-6 stump-like, though the author of the species doubts whether this
character may not be accidental.

Craspedosoma moniliforme Laitzel.

Legs 3-7 not noticeably crassate, the terminal joint rather thick, pulvinate.

Seventh legs reduced, their coxz enlarged, posteriorly with a hirsute pro-
cess, the pedigerous laminz posteriorly with a sharp cuneiform process.

Ninth legs clavate, more or less evidently jointed, with bristles at the end.
Pedigerous lamina medianly produced between the clavate structures and
hollowed out in front.

Craspedosoma mutabile Latzel.

Legs 3-7 strongly crassate, more sparsely hairy, shining, the terminal joint
compressed, scarcely pulvinate.

Ninth legs in the young five-jointed, attenuate, faleate; in adult modified
into a complex structure apically with long compound bristles; basally giving
rise to a long flagellum, suggestive as the author says of the flagellum of Tuli-
dee, and apparently indicating a functional difference from other Chordeumide.

Tenth and eleventh legs with an inwardly projecting hamate process from
the distal end of the coxze, also a pear-shaped wart on the base of the coxe.

It is also stated that the females do not have the legs of the
second segment developed, a character apparently of great im-
portance. The species has, however, according to Latzel, several
varieties and in one of these a female had the usual number of
legs. Judging from the American forms it is very remarkable
that such a character should not be constant. The difficulty of
correctly determining females is very great, especially when the
species are incompletely known.

Craspedosoma flavescens Latzel.

Legs 3-7 strongly crassate, distal half of the last joint cushioned.
Ninth legs clavate, hirsute, separated by a pair of small structures basally

se

+
at

_ broad, apically clavate, with a pointed triangular transparent lamina rising

a

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 91

from the base of each.

Tenth legs much reduced; coxee swollen, on the inner side with a clavate
process bearing a bristle, also a small wart below the process.

Eleventh legs normal excepting a small wart on the coxa.

It is to the present genus that the European writers have
referred a considerable number of American species. To us it
appears that the genus as treated in European works is not a
natural one, and that the American species are all generically
distinct from any of the European, as far as the sexual characters
of either are sufficiently known to give basis for an opinion. To
judge by the characters of the ninth male legs the Huropean
forms are all more diverged from the primitive than any of the
American, and the greater complexity of the genitalia in most of
them is in accordance with such an idea.

HAASIA. Bollman, 1893 (as subgenus).
Bulletin No. 46, U.S. N. Museum, p. 158.

Eyes entirely absent.

Antenne slightly clavate, slender, much longer than the width of the body,
the seventh joint longer than the sixth.

Segments with exterior two pairs of setee approximate, rather large.

Legs very slender and densely hirsute.

The establishment of the subgenus appears somewhat prema-
ture; as both species placed under it are incompletely described.
Craspedosoma troglodytes Latzel, is known only from a female
Specimen, and no characters of generic value are stated except
the above. Craspedosoma mamillatum was described from a
male specimen but only a rough sketch of the genitalia is given.
From this it would appear that like the open air species of Cras-
pedosoma the ninth male legs are reduced to a single joint, with-
out a claw. If this is the case, and if troglodytes and mamil-
latum are congeneriv, Haasia will prove valid.

CHORDEUMA C. L. Koch, 1847.
System der Myriap., p. 51, also p. 124.
Eyes well developed, of numerous ocelli (27-28) arranged in triangular
patches.
Antenne very long, twice the diameter of the body, slender, third joint
longest.
Segments without carinz; sete and tubercles nearly obsolete, somewhat
more evident on the posterior end of the body.

92 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

Males with 6 ambulatory legs in front of the genitalia and 39 behind.

First two pairs of male legs with the last joint pectinately spined.

Legs 3-6 of male distinctly crassate, the inner side of the last joint tomen-
tose pulvillate.

Seventh legs of males three-jointed, the basal joint large, produced, the
others small clavate; an indistinct very small fourth joint (rudimentary claw ?).

Genitalia very complex, the anterior large, somewhat hood-like, with an
included lamella; the posterior pair slender, apically bifid. There is present
a clavate, distally hirsute structure much resembling the ninth legs of some of
the species of Craspedosoma, but Dr. Latzel does not so interpret it.

The tenth male legs have also been completely modified for copulatory pur-
poses, consisting of slender processes.

In females are but 49 ambulatory legs, and the sternum of the third seg-
ment projects cephalad covering the genitalia.

The above characters are from Latzel’s description of Chor-
deuma sylvestre, the type of the genus. The description and
figures of Verhoeff* differ considerably from those of Latzel, in
the shape of the genitalia as well as in that of the seventh and
ninth legs.

Chordeuma rhenanum Verhoeff.

Seventh legs reduced to a single squamiform joint.
Tenth legs also of one joint, irregular in shape, with rounded prominences.
s J ) g pe,

Chordeuma germanicum Verhoeft.

Differs greatly in the genitalia, but has the table-like ninth legs
of the other species as figured by Verhoeff.

Chordeuma has, perhaps, nearer relatives in America than the
other European genera, as already noted under the genus Caseya.
The rudimentary seventh and tenth legs of the males of Chor-
deuma, as well as other secondary sexual characters, give distinct
lines of generic separation.

In addition to the European genera of Craspedosomatide
already noted there have been described three others, Hyphan-
turgus of Waga, Megalosoma of Fedrizzi, and Prinosoma of Ber-
lese, but these have not been recognized by Latzel and Haase,
and stand as synonyms of Atractosoma and Craspedosoma.

HETEROCHORDEUMA Pocock, 1893.
Ann. Mus. Storia Nat. d. Genova XIII, p. 387.

Eyes of numerous ocelli (11) arranged in four transverse rows.
Antenne moderately long, third and fifth segments longest.

*Berliner Eutom Zeitschr, XXXVi, p. 132 (1891).

——

The Craspedosomatide of North Amervea.

93

Segments with broad horizontal carinze, like those of Polydesmide; seti-

gerous tubercles very small, only two pairs observed; surface covered with

short hairs.

Genitalia composed of the two pairs of legs of the seventh segment, com-

pletely external.
Segments of adult 32.

Habitat :

Karen Hills, Burmah, at 1200-1500 m. altitude.

This anomalous genus presents several unique features, and its
family disposition must remain a matter of some doubt until the

characters of the legs and mouth-parts are known.

No other

Craspedosomatide are known from southern Asia, but the dis-
covery of this form suggests the probable existence of others’

‘in the neighboring regions.

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page

ENURHUNINUN ee ccs Grats accveleie sioe e b/e ie 64
PMEPACTOSOMA, ss. 0000-2 n eco e ene 88
DOWEMICUM! Jo. c cess tee eee 89
carpathicum ............... 89
MerIdiONALe .c.. aes as eee cee 88 |
BIPROWMMEAGA clvscccctctcrccaceces 75
SEFC DROPS) fac.s. 2's /s ois sieieis ss aie wise . 53
GUI 3 Gu oe ee 54
DOMEMICTIN ... 0252.2 cc we bee eee 89
VOMIT gs lecc arcs w asceves oie ea Sew e% 76
SEMCATMINCT Ais sce sib lcvesls Qane es okies es 33
GANA rey oietovers nese cave iene 33
PESIOAMTUUNAUA, ccs aos case cee ccs 43
CNTHIOUES oe COS DEES OPA 41
PLOUICOTNIS ooo alc in a ale oie he vee 43
MUSCLCOTIIS. cc ccc ct se be cs 43
HUFL Bots Re eS EOI ee eae ae 33
RAHM ACMICWION 5 poe. aisceie ec ee snes 89
BAVUCRONSIS) cls ones oes cedeseniec cs 40
BRAS VAM srNicisia ss cles cise sb a 'cc's 84
INEbeTOpPUS (Sone e ce lee et 8&5
PAMELMATUINM, ss u5 cece as teves eae. 36
@hordeuma ............... BES 91
germanicum ............-..-. 92
CMDKUES See eee Oe ee 83

HIME TMATIUIN = 6. wpa sclera aioe ie « 92
BVMIVIESELE! cress sieves sis ec soot 92
OCryptotrichus .........00cccceeeee 41
cxestoannulatus......es.eeeees 43
MAGE. 5 OSS OOOO Pe 51
AMO OUA) Je) cle ss etc e se ec tes 41
cesioannulata .............. 43
MOKED SRAM IS, ols cts la.p.'siere c's are AQ

HES CISM PAI eiete hiatus oe 59
NEMA ALAS hspc oievaic. 6 eqjhbe LR bi atone 48
BIBIOR sa Géaoee eRe HD One Goes 47

WM OXVCHI S proces Goce On onbE 52

DSL GUINMMe Prt IN tetera occ’ ic-oe-oceieer 51

Page

COMME erate da tie secant eeosneiets, ecto s 54
Comobylar neta cs's vcleslgs seer 70
PLAROIUNEHIEY ssoqqneodogeduaude 75
oma MU rec, testers’ ciel bine es 76
PISGIMETE Cols er aieisic totes hecetcistahateceh 71

PL OMMELAibameleterteterialyersicte terete 78
IgnloeHEM GoascooodaeuoedD Obes aa
wyandotte ..3.......-...--.- 78
QP coconscensecosrooooesccnoc 55
GOMNUNKIN cooaccandebooodesnuoOD 66
Craspedosoma ....... CRS 55, 62, 89
atrolineatwm .........e+2-20-- 79
Dolman erat rasrekere sere okie 76
CUMLGQUD eecconadaenacdador 33
WENVESCAISNG Og goocomAbeOuoses 90
[MOTD sosceavocsoascc0 5000 67
(LOTCTOLUTO rteletel tated vert hehs elle 78

WUC MVUGKOGING Go 50500cbe00D Ges 90

AMI GUOUVS re vevcnetions seve ailch o/s seyete caver 90
OCEULGEWIN sates ao.) sae erarecsye rss ise 68
OLUDALES) yaa ts fore giesMevane = weve 90
JOGO 0 ob0cn00neesoo000Ke 68
TV MAS Geren srcuete fee acaysie 39, 89
SiNGAILIN G We dou coool acunooes 90

fi SCIVORIEY «hain Sakeuees os sustenevensly ovSlerevans 71
HAWESCEMS | .c is eveleictsveleraiepsciecaiele Sie = 90
BL AAUGLULMINN) «Lens cee liods joi enc Vela anes wrciete « 67
flavicornis........... Sievers yarctetewacac ats 43
ONCE DS Ga.8 diduis ead Racor Oe se ceN tee 49
JUSOCUMUS Ae an SOCHe Donia bao onCoS 43
MUS EIS Ge Vane ate venae otal cls ciel aia: sy Sy aus nia enats 50
Emin 555 400000cca0nb 0008 92
SLOMMELA LAM per otis shcretele nese a ele aisle 78
IETABSLAI Site fale sieicta) sisverel sues e eicue sooo Oil
mon) BpadoebooenbGacoU0 91
troglodytes...............05 91
Heterochordeuma................ 92
INGWERONUS yaoaoocaguocosacd are 85

94 The Craspedosomatide of North America.
Page
Ey phragm ee arete alors = aysire ©) 00 <harai 92 LUTUOLEUS alevete) shel elal al stale yatat eet
TNELOUGLES, i555, cee a ate are cvcetoae aleve oie oie: 83 WYANAOLLE «= «<0 «slept
IBM od ooneooonnonMoano oD0 48 | Spirostrephon .......2++.+eeeee-
Meier oie Mera cree ie rere vere emote 77 ceesioannulatus......e.+.+eee-
Lvbie abhi Soeis Sone a Oa oc.om ae ions 63 COMET NOTUML 2 -\epeh iets aetna
TA OL) orators eenene aap aie crouse cate leis 47 COPED o's. 5 aa arene toe
mamillatum ..................-- 91. | Striaria) .2.y./) 2)! tae le eee 31
Mresalosoman anes iie eieisiai- 4 ete sie- 92'|'stygimm . % </./... fie teelaatcclo etme
METI CLOMA Circe ci sjelelslerttctaie oct erehs 88'| Sylvestre. © <i, <:o:5 -retoleroie elena e eee
DIAC RACAMA waar ss tetads cfesater siete (g/t Blleetere 52 | Trichopetalum ..................
MOnUWMORMC | a7 ees sales =e = sees 90 al UM... ys iar csi cle cen oR eran
MUMIA Ue eke ep sversecesiepatshorsreceie erees 90 DOUMONTJerets | hotel eletetelonetenenettate
OCE lata cierrsverefarel- eterareyerciele 68 COEMMb UNA. setpoint
OLIUDALES a2 Reeca seta shace wats wanes ores 90 flavidui, .°.).\.<ietllorlereretiee
DUCT OM evarcks aieteierelcterh<chsrier eis 69 glomeratum ... 2... eevecneeee
IPOLYMOSINAUS cities or ay aleuteis aleverale sie 68 lamatumn, © .3.. ereroterencnieretetene
Oliv SAA Ae ey eravs le vateta cue or reretals 80 ocelllaiumy 2: siete herent
Pr1ONOSOMAN. Hae eierecie el etel cts eae eee 92 WHEN GoGcAecKbGo0nGDco4ooC
Pseudotremia.............. 34, 41, 55] troglodytes .................-...
cestoannulata...... cee rece ees AB) MUNNGQUNTY ponoogooHOGoOUAoLdo GOODS
carterensis...... Sediesepete caters 40 | Underwoodia....................
CAVETMAT UNIV eolere ye teveletlelel oli 36 1WLOIdES ...:, 70 ees
GUM. Hooodaotnoonsobo debe 43, 51 POLY PAIN ay oer). lelshale senate
TAN IMT STO wen teter ae toitetar aetna ses stcce oie 39) VAL eter Ry os
EUMISCOSOMMAL oes c genes eee ele kel ceiels 88) whitel 2.0... caw eiacta eee
SCOLERPES Onis iat yee ceive darks SPI WAKO GoGoaeecorcadcusctssce
DOUMOINIES me centsteeira ies peter 20)! Zay. ONO DUS) tele) clea aia tete tienes
COPE: Ee aac sues gates 2 iegeenens 55 (white ovis $s.c5 cet reer

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.
PLATE I.

Branneria carinata.
Fig. 1.—Antenna, three distal joints, < 56.

Pseudotremia cavernarum.

Fig. 2.—Genitalia of male, anterior view.

Fig. 3.—Same, lateral view.

Fig. 4.—Gnathochilarium. U.S. N. M. No. 420.

Fig. 5.—Antenna, > 24.

Fig. 6.—Ninth legs of male with lamella, < 24. U.S. N. M. No. 420.
Fig. 7.—Eleventh legs of male, X24. U.S. N. M. No. 436.

Pseudotremia carterensis.

Fig. 8.—Ninth legs of male, posterior view.
Fig. 9.—Lamella embraced between the ninth legs of male, ><35.
Fig. 10.—Genitalia of male, 50.

Pseudotremia cavernarum.
Fig. 11.—Body, dorsal view.

The Craspedosomatidxe of North America. 95

Scoterpes copei.

Fig. 12.—Genitalia of male, after Packard.
Fig. 13.—Same, less magnified; also ninth legs, after Packard.

Zygonopus whitei.
Fig. 14.—Antenna, 27.
Fig. 15.—First leg of male, X 50.
Fig. 16.—Second leg of male, > 50.

PLATE IT.
Zygonopus whitei.
Fig. 17.—Fourth legs of male, 50.
Fig. 18.—Sixth legs of male, X 50.
Fig. 19.—Twelfth leg of male, 50.
Fig. 20.—Genitalia of male, anterior face.
Fig. 21.—Same, posterior face, also ninth legs.

Trichopetalum album.

Fig. 22.—Antenne of male, 105.
Fig. 23.—First leg of male, < 105.
Fig. 23a.—Second leg of male, < 105.
Fig. 24.—Third leg of male, 105.
Fig. 25.—Fourth leg of male, X 105.
Fig. 26.—Fifth leg of male, >< 105.
Fig. 27.—Seventh leg of male, < 105.
Fig. 28.—Tenth leg of male, X 105.
Fig. 29.—Normal leg of male, <X 105.

PLATE III.
Trichopetalum ocellatum.
Fig. 30.—Head and three segments, after Packard.
Fig. 31.—Antenna, after Packard.
Fig. 32.—Eye, after Packard.
Fig. 33.—Segments, lateral view, after Packard.
Fig. 34.—Segments, dorsal view, after Packard.
Fig. 35.—Last six segments, lateral view, after Packard.

Trichopetalum album.

Figs. 36 (X 312), 37 (X< 250), 38, 39, 40 (< 312), 41.—Apices of male geni-
talia, different views, from different specimens.

Fig. 42.—Male genitalia, anterior face, < 187.

Fig. 43.—Same, posterior view, also ninth legs.

= Fig. 44.—Distal portion of gnathochilarium >< 160.
Fig. 45.—Eye.
Trichopetalum cornutum.

Figs. 46, 47 ( 294), 48 (> 333).—Apices of male genitalia, different
specimens and views.

Fig. 49.—Male genitalium, lateral view.

96 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

Trichopetalum flavidum.
Fig. 50.—Eye.

Trichopetalum uncum.
Fig. 51.—Genitalia of male, anterior face, 169.

Trichopetalum lunatum.

Fig. 52.—Antenna, after Harger.
Fig. 53.—Hye, after Harger.
Fig. 54.—Male genitalia, after Harger.

PLATE IV.
Conotyla fischeri.

Fig. 55.—Head and first three segments, dorsal aspect.

Fig. 56.—Same, lateral aspect.

Fig. 57.—Last four segments, lateral aspect.

Fig. 58.—Labrum.

Fig. 59.—Distal portion of half of gnathochilarium.

Fig. 60.—Last four segments, ventral view.

Fig. 61.—Two distal joints of antenna, >< 50.

Fig. 62.—Distal portion of half of gnathochilarium, dorsal face.

Fig. 63.—Gnathochilarium.

Fig. 64.—Antenna, X 25.

Fig. 65.—First leg of male, >< 25.

Fig. 66.—Second leg of male, >< 25.

Fig. 67.—Third leg of male, >< 25.

Fig. 68.—Fourth leg of male, posterior view, X 25.

Fig. 69.—Fifth leg of male, posterior view, < 25.

Fig. 70.—Seventh leg of male, anterior view, >< 25.

Fig. 71.—Process of the fourth joint of the seventh leg, more magnified.

Fig. 72.—Male genitalia, anterior view.

Fig. 73.—Ventral portion of segments 5-8, male genitalia, and basal joints
of legs, lateral view.

Fig. 74.—Male genitalia, lateral view.

Fig. 75.—Anterior pair of male genitalia, anterior view.

PLATE VY.
Conotyla fischeri.
Fig. 76.—Tenth pair of legs of male, X 25.
Fig. 77.—Eleventh pair of legs of male, > 25.
Fig. 78.—Twelfth pair of legs of male, x 37.

Conotyla bollmani.

Fig. 79.—Male gentalia, anterior view, U. S. N. M. No. 419.
Fig. 80.—Same, lateral view.

Fig. 81.—Right eye.

Fig. 82.—Left eye.

Fig. 83.—Antenna, 25.

Fig.

eee a xe
an hs ’

The Craspedosomatide of North America.

. 84.—Head and first eight segments.

. 85.—Last six segments.

. 86.—First leg of male, X 45. U.S. N. M. No. 443.
. 87.—Second leg of male, >< 28.

. 88.—Third leg of male, posterior view.

g. 89.—Fourth leg of male, posterior view, 25.

. 90.—_Seventh leg of male, anterior view.

. 91.—Tenth leg of male, posterior view, >< 25.

. 92.—Eleventh leg of male, posterior view, < 25.

r, 93.—Normal leg of male, anterior view.

. 94.—Longitudinal section of spine, drawn from C. fischeri.

PLATE VI.
Conotyla atrolineata.

». 95.—Antenna, < 57.

. 96.—Male genitalium of posterior pair, > 127.
. 97.—Male genitalium of anterior pair, < 127.

. 98.— Ninth leg of male, X 16.

. 99.—Hye, drawn from Winona specimen.

. 100.—Eye, drawn from Glacier, B. C., specimen.

Conotyla wyandotte.

97

101.—Eye. The photo-engravers omitted the number on the plate.
The figure is above 100, at the right-hand margin of the plate.

Conotyla leibergi.

. 102.—Antenna.
. 103.—Gnathochilarium.
, 104.—Eye.
Conotyla glomerata.
. 104a.—Antenna and eye, after Harger.

Cleidogona mexicana.

Figures copied from Saussure and Humbert.

. 105.—Gnathochilarium.

106.—Segment, ventral view.

. 107.— Antenna.
. 108.—Posterior part of body, lateral view.
. 109.—Same, dorsal view.

Cleidogona major.

. 110.—First pair of legs of male, < 16.
. 111.—Second pair of legs of male, < 16.

112.—Third pair of legs of male, « 16.

. 113.—Fourth pair of legs of male, < 16.
g. 114.—Fifth pair of legs of male, * 16.
ig. 115.—Sixth pair of legs of male, 16.

ANNALS N. Y. AcAD. Sct., IX, Nov., 1895.—7

98

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

The Craspedosomatidz of North America —

x

116.—Seventh pair of legs of male, >< 16.
117.—Ninth pair of legs of male, < 16.
118.—Tenth pair of legs of male, < 16.

PLATE VII.
Cleidogona major concluded.

. 119.—Eleventh pair of legs of male, >< 16.

. 120.—Twelfth pair of legs of male, < 16..

. 121.—Thirteenth pair of legs of male, * 16.

. 122.—Twentieth pair of legs of male, 16.

. 123.—Fiftieth (last) pair of legs of male, > 16.
. 124.-—Apical joints of second leg, 143.

. 125.—Antenna, < 31.

. 126.—Apex of sixth joint of second leg, 160.
. 127.—Ninth leg of male.

. 128.—Male genitalia lateral view, < 46.

. 129.—Apices of same, apical view, < 46.

. 130.—Male genitalia, posterior view < 46.

. 131.—Legs 7-12, drawn in situ.

g. 132.—Gnathochilarium.

. 133.—Head, lateral view.

. 134.—Head and six segments, dorsal view.

. 135.—Last five segments, lateral view.

. 136.—Same, dorsal view.

. 137.—Pre-anal scale.

PLATE VIII.
Cleidogona czsioannulata.

. 138.—Genitalia of male, lateral view.
r, 139.—Same, dorsal (anterior view ).

. 140.—Ninth leg of male.

. 141.—Eleventh leg of male.

. 142.—Twelfth leg of male.

Fig.

143.—Antenna.

The above six figures were drawn from specimens collected near the Catho-
lic University, Washington, D. C.

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Fig.

144.—Last joint of ninth male leg.
145.—Ninth legs, X 25.

146.— Anterior aspect of genitalia.
147.—Lateral view of genitalia.
148.—Posterior view of genitalia.

Figures 144-148 were drawn from National Museum material, with no
record of locality.

Fig.

149.—Ninth leg.

Fig. 150.—Genitalia; this and the preceding figure after McNeill. His
material was collected in Monroe County, Indiana.

-” — es

Fig.
. 181.—Second legs of male, posterior view, 50.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

ig. 172.—Antenna.
. 173.—Gnathochilarium, >< 105.

. 174.—Genitalia of male, anterior view, with ninth legs.
. 175.—Apical joints of ninth leg of male.

g. 176.—Last two segments, lateral view.

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 99

Cleidogona fustis.

. 151.—Male genitalia, anterior view.

. 152.—Same, lateral view.

. 153.—Same, drawn from another specimen and at a different angle.
. 154.—First leg of male.

. 155.—Second leg of male.

. 156.—Seventh leg of male.

. 157.—Tenth leg of male.

. 158.—Eleventh leg of male.

PLATE IX.
Cleidogona forceps.

. 159.—Male genitalia, lateral view.

. 160.—Same, anterior view.

. 161.—Same, posterior view.

. 162.—Ninth leg of male, < 30.

. 163.—Apical portion of same, >< 105.

Cleidogona laminata.

. 164.—Genitalia and legs 9-12, drawn in situ.
. 165.—Male genitalia, anterior view.

. 166.—Same, posterior view.

. 167.—Ninth leg of male, posterior view.

. 168.—Same, anterior view.

. 169.—Antenna, 31.

. 170.—Tenth legs of male.

. 171.—Eleventh legs of male.

Bactropus conifer.

PLATE X.
Underwoodia iuloides.

. 177.—Kye and part of antennal socket. —
. 178.—Antenna, < 80.
. 179.—Second pair of legs of female.

Underwoodia polygama.
180.—First legs of male, << 50.

182.—Third legs of male, posterior view, < 50.
183.—Fourth legs of male, 50.
184.—Fifth legs of male, 50.

100 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

Fig. 185.—Eleventh legs of male, 45.

Fig. 186.—Male genitalia and ninth leg, posterior view.
Fig. 187.—Same, anterior view.

Fig. 188.—Gnathochilarium.

Fig. 189.—Antenna, X 57.

Fig. 190.—Distal joints of antenna.

PLATE XI.
Caseya heteropus.

Fig. 191.—Head and first six segments, lateral view, >< 10.
Fig. 192.—Head, anterior view, >< 25.
Fig. 193.—Eye, antennal socket, margin of cephalic plate and post-antennal
organ, the last indicated by the small ring immediately below the ocelli.
Fig. 194.—Labrum.
Fig. 195.—Gnathochilarium.
Fig. 196.—Lingual lobe, lingual lamina with conic sense organs, and ~
tridentate styliform process, >< 105. 4
Fig. 197.—Antenna, < 25. :
Fig. 198.—First leg of male; the specimen was injured, >< 25.
Fig. 199.—Second legs of male, posterior view, < 25. .
Fig. 200.—Proximal portion of same, anterior view, 105.
|

Fig. 201.—Third legs of male, posterior view, X 25.

Fig. 202.—Proximal portions of same, anterior view, X 25.
Fig. 203.—Same, < 105.

Fig. 204.—Fourth legs of male, posterior view, >< 25.

Fig. 205.—Fifth legs of male, anterior view, X 25.
Fig. 206.—Sixth legs of male, anterior view, X 25.

Fig. 207.—Seventh legs of male, anterior view, < 25.

Fig. 208.—Proximal joints of same, posterior view, < 25.

PLATE XII.
Caseya heteropus.
Fig. 209.—Portion of basal joint of seventh leg of male, anterior view, X

Fig. 210.—Basal joints of tenth leg of male, anterior view. ;
Fig. 211.—Same legs, posterior view, X 25. ‘
Fig. 212.—Eleventh leg of male, anterior view.
Fig. 213.—Twelfth leg of male, posterior view.
Fig. 214.—Normal leg of male, anterior, « 31.
Fig. 215.—Male genitalia and ninth legs, ventral (anterior) view, drawn

in situ.

Fig. 216.—Ventral portion of segments 5-8, legs 7-10, and male genitalia,
lateral view, drawn in situ, > 25. ;

Fig. 217.—Male genitalium, median view. The small unshaded part near
the middle is open to the other side.

Fig. 218.—Ninth legs of male, anterior view, < 40.

Fig. 219.—Ninth legs of male, posterior view, 40.

ee eee ee ee

'

II.—On the Reduction of Stellar Photographs, with Special Ref-
erence to the Astro-Photographic Catalogue Plates.

BY HAROLD JACOBY.

Read October 14, 1895.

The following paper has been prepared at the request of Dr. Gill,
who asked me to put together the formule which seemed to me best
for the reduction of the Astrophotographic catalogue plates. In so
doing I have drawn freely upon the work of others, particularly
that of Rambaut, Turner and Henry. f have also had very
valuable help from Mr. Finlay, Chief Assistant at the Cape
Observatory, especially in the preparation of the tables. The
methods here given are suitable for the reduction of any photo-
graphic plates, whether taken under the programme of the Perma-
nent Committee or not. The only limitations are that the centre
of the plate shall be more than 15° from the pole, and the extent
of the plate not more than 2° square.

The fundamental problem with which we have to deal is the
transformation of rectangular co-ordinates measured on the plate
into the corresponding differences of right ascension and declina-
tion upon the sky. For the present I shall assume that the plate
is correctly oriented, and that the scale-value is known. We
shall then find the problem under consideration involves only
five quantities. If we let:

a, 0, be the right ascension and declination of the center

of the plate,

a', o', be the right ascension and declination of a star,

x,y, be the rectangular co-ordinates of the star’s image
on the plate, x being positive both in the Northern and South-
ern hemispheres when the star’s right ascension is greater than
that of the centre of the plate, and y being positive when the star

- is nearer than the centre of the plate to the North Pole.
Now put:
Aa=a—a, Ad=d!—od,
then the five quantities involved are:
Cay NANO NO:

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Sct., [X, April, 1896.—8

102 Reduction of Stellar Photographs.

Some of the writers on this problem have allowed the quantity
0’ to appear in their formule: this may be necessary for plates
taken very near the pole, but for all other plates it is not necessary.

To.secure the maximum of facility in computation, we require
the expansion of Aa and Ad in ascending powers of x and y, in a
series whose coeflicients involve 6 only. We also require x and
y expanded in ascending powers of Aa and Ad, with the same con-
dition as to the coefficients. These considerations lead to the
following expansions, in which the unit for «* and ac is the sec-
ond of time, and for y and Ad the second of are. The same rule
with regard to units applies to all the other formule in the pres-
ent paper; so that wherever «# or Aa appear, they are supposed
to be expressed in seconds of time, and wherever y or Ad appear,
they are in seconds of arc. Similar expansions carried as far as
terms of the third order have been given by Ball and Rambaut
(Trans. Roy. Irish Acad., Vol. XXX., part IV.) Those given
in the present paper were deduced by me from Turner’s rigorous
formule (Observatory, XVI., p. 374) and afterwards carefully
checked by Mr. Finlay, who very kindly extended Ball and Ram-
baut’s work as far as terms of the fifth order for that purpose.
They hold good up to within 15° of the pole.

Aa=«secd +A, (x sec 5)y A, =tan dsin 1!’
+A, (x sec 0)y? A, = tan 0 sin? 1!’
+A, (a sec 0)3 A,=—4(15)? sin? 1!
+A, (a sec 0)8y A,=— tan 0 (15)?sin? 1!
+A, (x sec ae A, = tan? 0 sin? 1//
ING sec 0)8y Ag—=— 2 tan?d (15)? sin‘ 1
+A, (@ see ee A,=4(15)4 sin‘ 1//
4A, (x sec 6) y* A, = tan‘ dsint 1//
Ad =y+D,(asec 6)? D,=—tsin 20 (15)? sin 1//
+D,(asecd)?2y Dy==—4(15)2sin? 1!
+ D5 y? D;=—4sin? 1!
+ D,(a sec 0)2y? D,=— ¥sin® 6 tan 0 (15)? sin’ 1”
+D;(aseeo)4 JD}, =3 (3 sin 0 cos? d+sin3 0 cos 0) (15)4 sin? 1!
-- D,(asec 0 )4y Dia 8 3 (15)4 sint 1!
4D. (asec 0 )2y3 i (1 —tan?d) (15)?sin‘ 1!’
+ Dey Dz = + sini 1!’

* The use of the time-unit for the linear quantity xv is to be understood as
meaning that the unit for x is the distance corresponding to a second of time
at the centre of the plate. This applies also to the unit for y, mutatis mutandis.

Sas

Astro-Photographic Catalogue Plates. 103

xsecd =Aa+A,’AaAd A,! =—tandsin 1!
+A,'Ac? = -A,! = 4 (1—3 sin? 0) (15)? sin? 1!’
+A,’ AaAd A,’ = 4 (—5 sind cosd-+tan 0 sin? d)(15)?sin3 1!
+A,’AaAd3 A,’ =—4F tan d sin3 1!
+A,/AasAd2 A,! =4sin? 6 (15)2 sin‘ 1!
+ A,/Aa5 A,’ =735( 16 cos! 6 —13 sin? 0 cos? 0-+sin* 0) (15) 4sin‘ 1!’

y=Ad-+ D,!Aa? D,' = sin 20 (15)? sin 1’
++ D,'Aa?Ad D,! =} cos 26 (15)? sin? 1”
+ D,!A63 D,! =k sin? r!!
+ D,!Aa?Ad2 D,! =—}sin 206 (15)? sin3 1//
-+-D;/Aat D;| = wz(5 sin 6 cos? 0 —sin*d cos 6 (15 )4sin3 1//
+ D,! Aa?A03 D,' =% cos 2 0 (15)? sint 1//
+ D,!AatAd D,;| = 3 (5 cost 0—12 sin? 0 cos? d+ sint J)(15)4sin 1//
+ D,/ A065 D,! = #5 sin! 1!

Many of the terms in these expansions are generally inappreci-
able, but it is not necessary to enter into this point here, as it is
better to consider it when constructing tables for the separate
degrees of 0. It will be noticed that x only appears multiplied
by seco. This is a great advantage, for we can avoid the use of
a“ altogether, and turn our measured co-ordinates at once into
asec do, by means of a separate scale-value table constructed for
each degree of 0.

It remains to show how to correct the observations for refrac-
tion, and to determine the scale-value and orientation from the
known stars on the plate. The aberration need not necessarily
be considered when the scale-value is thus determined from
known stars. .

Let us now indicate by XY, and Y,,, the actual co-ordinates
measured on the plate. They will be expressed partly in divi-
sions of the réseau, and partly in revolutions of the micrometer
screw. We shall assume that the scale-value is known very
nearly, both for the réseau and screw. We can then prepare
separate scale-value tables for the réseau and screw, by means of
which we can at once turn X,, and Y,,, into Xsecd and Y,
expressed respectively in seconds of time and arc; and these
tables can be made to include the effects of errors of the réseau
and screw. These values of Xsecd and Y will then be very.
near their true values, which we have called wsecd and y. The.
corrections which must be added to them are:

I. Correction for refraction: .

104 Reduction of Stellar Phulographs.

M, Xsec d+ N, Y, for X sec 0,
M, Xsecd-+ N, ¥Y, for Y,
where M,, M,, N,, N,, are computed by the following formule :
sin n sin NV’ —eos.6 cos (# — a)
sin n cos N=sin @
G =cot (d+ WN)
H =tan (#—a) sin N cosec (0 + NV)
Mz=6 (1+ H? — G tan 0) sin 1”
N, =75 6 (GH sec 6 — H tan 0 sec 0) sin 1!
M, =15 8 (G Hos 0+ Hsin 0) sin 1!
Ny, = 8 (1+ G2) sin 1!

In these formule (# — a) is the hour-angle, and / the constant
of refraction. The coefficients are so arranged that the correc-
tion for x sec 6 will come out in seconds of time, and that for Y
in seconds of arc, if Xsecd and Y are themselves expressed in
seconds of time and arc respectively.

When the hour-angle does not exceed about one hour, the
above formule may advantageously be replaced by the following,
especially if it is intended to tabulate the coefficients I, etc., for
a given declination, with the hour-angle as argument. If we put:

0,
and suppose ¢ to be expressed in minutes of time, and compute :

tan 1 = 3 tan ¢
[6.4531—10] w, = 8 cos ¢ sec (g—0) sec 0 sin 1!

[1.1308—10] W, = + B sin 2 sec? (¢—<0) sec 0 cos (+0) cosecl sin? 1™ sin 1!
2.9169—10 Ws = z's 8. sin (¢—2 0) cos ¢ sec? 0 sec? (¢—0) sin 1™ sin 1//
9 as 3
[4.9681—10 ] w, = 9 2 sin 2:6 sec? (¢—d) sin 1™sin 1!

[6.4532—I0] w,—/3 sec? (d—<) sin 1!
[6.4637—10 ] Ws = 7s Ww, tan (¢—0) sin 1™

where the constant: logarithmic coefficients at the left-hand side
are computed: from the! Besselian refraction table, using a con-
stant value of log #; which may be done safely, when the zenith
distance does not exceed 45°. They include the effect of the dif-
ference between the photographic and visual refraction constants,
and will therefore only need to be increased by the usual loga-
rithm depending on the meteorological instruments. We then
have :

a

Astro-Photographic Catalogue Plates. 105

M, = ww, ?
N, = Wt
M, =w,t
Ny = Wb,

from which a table of W/,, etc., may readily be written down with
the help of Crelle’s tables. The details of the demonstration of
these refraction formule will be found in the Astronomical
Journal (Vol. XV., No. 14).

Il. Correction for scale-value, orientation, and error of centre of
the plate.

px sec 0+ +; r sec 0 Y+7;k sec 4, for X sec 6
—157rcos 0 X sec 0+pY-+ e, Lae 4

The values of 7, p,andc are found from the known stars
on the plate. We compute from the known right ascensions and
declinations by means of tables formed from the expansions given
above, the values of xsecd and y; we then have from every
known star a pair of equations of the form

T5 Nz cos 0-15 pX+r¥+k = 0 i (1)
Ny +p Y— 15 rX-+e = (1)

in which n, and 7, are computed by the following formule :

Nz = (X—ax) sec 0+ Mz X sec 0+ Nz Y \ (2)
Ny, = Y—-y+M, X sec 0+ N, Y

M,, etc., being as before the refraction coefficients.

These equations can be solved by least squares or otherwise,
and make known the values of p, 7, ete.

If the solutioa be carried out by least squares, it is by no
means necessary to form and solve the normal equations in the
usual way. For the equations possess the following peculiarity :
Hach coefficient of r in the equations derived from the right
_ ascensions appears as the coefficient of p in the corresponding
equation derived from the declination. And each coefficient of
p in the right ascension equations appears in the corresponding
declination equation, with its sign changed, as the coefficient of
7. On account of this peculiarity the rigorous least square solu-
tion can be effected in the following very simple way:

106 Reduction of Stellar Photographs.

Let us, for brevity, indicate the coeflicients of p and 7 in the
right ascension equations by z and p. Let us also represent by v
the number of stars, so that there will be » right ascension equa-
tions, and as many declination equations. The general form of

the equations will then be:
From the right ascensions :
cp + pr+tk-+n!, =
where, for brevity, we have written 7,’ for 157, cos 0.
From the declinations :
pp—7r+e+n, =0
If we now indicate by square brackets the summation of vy quan-

tities, the rigorous least square solution of the above 2y equa-
tions is given by the following simple system of formule:

A=[r7] ==

Vv

D= [pp|—2E

E= [on!,|—el inl [n’s]

Vv

== js [p] [ry]

= —[rny] + Seal
C+C’

ena: weight of p=A-+ D
=o weight of r=A-+D
eNO - fs feet sae ise Gen ileal
——— { [7] p+Le] r-+[n's] |, weight of k—v— "Ee
ELS Anes) —l|7r|r | ig = ja leiedalels
C=—-— | [e] p —[7] r+ [ny] p> weight of c=» ea

By the aid of these formule, the rigorous least square solution
can be made in about half an hour, including the determination
of the weights.

_The total corrections to be added to the co-ordinates of the un-
known stars will then be: ‘

(p+) Xseed+(7; rsec 0+Nz) V+; k sec 0, for X sec 0

i 3
(—15 r cos 6+ M,)X see 0+-( p+N,) ¥+e, ae i @)

which are very readily computed with Crelle’s tables. After this to-

~

Astro-Photographic Catalogue Plates. 107

tal correction has been applied, we have only to turn the result-

ing xsecd into Aa, and y into Ad, by means of the tables con
structed with the expansions given above.
When it is desired to base the determination of the orientation

constant r on measures of “ trails,” we can proceed as follows:

We can regard the end of the trail simply as the image of a sec-
ond star, having the same declination as the first impression of
that star. If we calculate n, for each impression of the star, us-
ing an approximate value of 0’, or the declination of the star, the
values of n, will differ from the truth by a constant only. This
constant will of course be the error of the approximate declina-
tion we have used for the star, and will be the same for both n,’s.
With the two n,’s we get two equations like the second of equa-
tions (1). By subtraction of these equations, the above constant
will disappear, and we shall have an equation involving r as the
only unknown quantity.

As an example of the above methods of reduction, I shall take
the plate discussed by M. Prosper Henry (Bull. Com. Perm.
Tome II., deux™? fase.) This plate was taken at Paris (latitude

48° 50’) 1891, December 2, at an hour-angle of —o*9™, the de-
clination of the centre being 24°, and the right ascension 15 4™. |

The first step is the preparation of the tables for the reduction of
the 24° belt of the astrophotographic catalogue. These tables
are appended to the present paper. Table I gives the refraction
coefficients M,, etc., the numbers obtained for the auxiliaries be-
ing

W, == .000225 W, = .00000000212 W3 == .OOOO0000I15

Ws, = .OOOOII2 Ws == .0C0345 Wg — .OOOO0O0OT51

Table II gives the quantities necessary for transforming Aa
into «seco, and x seco into Aa, by the aid of the expansions al-
ready given. Finally, Table III gives the corresponding quan-
tities for Ad and y. In both tables it was found sufficient at de-
clination 24° to include terms of the third order. The actual
numbers tabulated are as follows:

Table II A gives value of A, (x sec 0) & 10°, with argument # sec 0

or (3 6c —A,' Aa SZ 103, zl 66 OG Aa
66 ILB ce (3 A,! A a3 a5 66 Aa
a5 Tl C (x3 66 Ay! y? S< 102 (a5 5 y

pier Ds 3° ‘t —A, (a sec 4)8 se Bs x sec 0

108 Reduction of Stellar Photographs.

where it will be noticed that Table II 4 gives the values of —

either of two quantities, because A, and 4,’ differ only in sign.

Similarly for Table III we have:

Table III A gives value of—D, (asec)? with argument x sec 6

or “e a4 Dit Aa2 (a3 ce Aa
cc Ill B (75 ce D,! Aa? ¥ Io? ce ce Aa
ee IMU ICOR Toe ve —D, (asecd)? >< 103 with‘ x seco
ce Ill D 66 66 ID Aods with 73 Ad

or 66 66 D; ys 6c (a y

The transformation formule then become

pee
Aaa sec O+(Tab. 114)” +-(Tab. ILC)" <°°== (Tab. II D) | y eoie eee

Ad = y— (Table III 4) — (Table III C)-“ (Table III D) { Y Bostting

y negative

{ Aa positive

nsec d= Aa=-(Table I A) ---(Table II B) | 3° For,

f Aé positive
| Aé negative

= Ad+ (Table III 4)+ (Table III B) + (Table III D)
In the above formule the upper signs belong to positive values
of the arguments and the lower to negative values, as indicated
at the end of each formula. The numbers given in the tables are
invariably positive. All the multiplications can be effected with
Crelle’s tables.

I have not thought it worth while to prepare special scale-value
tables for the 24° belt, because it would not be possible to make
them definitive, in the absence of any data with regard to the
errors of the Paris réseau and screw. These errors have been
neglected in the present example. The preparation of such tables

would, of course, be extremely simple, as they are little more than |

mere multiplication tables. I have accordingly altered the units
in which M. Henry gives his measured co-ordinates; and at the
same time applied the factor 0.995, which is the approximate
ratio of the millimetre to the minute of are for the Paris instru-
ment. All of this would be done with the special scale-value
tables in actual reductions. I thus get for the data of the prob-
lem :

a
|
|

Astro-Photographic Catalogue Plates. 109

From Meridian observations. From the Plate.

Star | Right Ascension (1900.0) Declination X sec 0 W

h m s {e) i ut Ss “
il O71) 59 31.38 Bil | BS ails). —267.483 +1517.35
2 Oo 59 59.37 23 56 51.1 —240.496 — I91.70
3 I I 1.05 24) 22.) O57, —178.289 -+1320.37
4 I I 41.71 24 18 22.6 —137.815 + 1093.05
5 I 2 4.61 24 26 21.5 —114.790 ++ 1569.09
6 I 8 52.92 23 55 30.1 — 6.941 — 283.20
oi I 4 14.86 i) > Ales + 15.246 —2671.86
8 TF 4 16.12 Downs Oumn 54V7; + 16.262 — 68.32
9 I 6 57.04 2a One 2.9 177.143 — 5.19
10 eee da, 55-00 24 55 49.6 + 233-493 +3347.08
II I 8 7.14 Bi OS) BR +246.422 +1710.60

From Table I, we find the following values of the refraction
coefficients :

Mz = -+.000226 Nz = .0000000
M, =—.00010 Ny = -+.000345

The next step towards the determination of p, 7, & and c is the
computation of «seco and y from the above values of the stars’
right ascensions and declinations. This is done by the aid of
Tables II and III, and the computation is here given in exten-
so for the first and last stars :

Star. I. II.
h m s h m s
a! fe) 59 31.38 I 8 7.14
a I 4 0.00 I 4 0.00
Aa — | 268.62 + 247.14
- (Tab. II a) + .882 _ -913
+ (Tab. II B) — .026 ++ .020
“sec 0 — 267.764 - 246.247
é! 27 25 18.2 24 28 32.3
Ad + 1518.2 ++ Teena,
+ (Tab. III A) a 14.62 + 12.3
+ (Tab. III B) =. ae .20 ae 19
++ (Tab. IIt D) -— .03 —+- .04
Chait a 1533-95 lg 1724.90

We'now proceed to the computation of n, and n by means of
equations (2). We have:

110 Reduction of Stellar Photographs

Star. I Il
X sec 0 — 267.483 + 246.422
asec 0 — 267.764 + 246.247
(X—x) sec 0 + .281 + -175
M, Xsecd — .060 4 -056
Nz Y .000 - 000
Nx + .221 + avlatit
I5 nz cos 0 — 3.03 “+ 3.16
Y 1517.35 1710.60
y 1533-05 -+-1724.90
—Y — 15.70 — 14.30 4
M, Xseco aa .03 —_— .02 .
IN IE =- 52 -+ -59
Ny — 15.15 — 13.73

We now form equations (1), the coefficient 15 X being roughly
computed by multiplying Xsec 0 by 15cos0 with Crelle’s tables.
We thus get from our two stars the equations:

OG) men GOOS Pinta SL 7g ks AO. }
Star 1.
— 15.15 + 1517p + 36657r +¢=—0

+ 316+ 3375p +371 + k= } Star 11.
— 13.73 + 1711 p — 33757 +e =0

The quantities p and r are so small that we may neglect 54>
part of them; so that it will be quite sufficient to retain the first
two figures of their coefficients. In this way we obtain the fol-
lowing series of equations, from whose solution p and r will, of
course, come out multiplied by 100, because we have dropped
two figures from their coefficients :

FROM THE RIGHT ASCENSIONS.

1937 pt Is) ke fog ae
2— 33 p— 27r-+ k + 2.60, 0
4 SS ey SE ey yp See SE ss ==
Ah 0) 7) VSS i Pe SS ee) =O
5 Om pre 167, kh) - osname
6S pet ak Ae O2 ie aO
7 + 2p — 27 r + k + 416 = O
Sep — se) SE aa Oy a — ao
9 + 24 p or + k + 1.88 = 0
To + 32 p + 33 r + ko + 3.16 = O

p +17 7 [ova ais) == ©

|
Leal
+
(SS)
rs

Astro-Photographie Catalogue Plates. TE

FROM THE DECLINATIONS.

eens

Tf lg AS ee OM pein ay ae a pe SiO)
De SOK TL cir e WAIADY , =O
iain o re en OA emp ey cs SAA 8) 10
eee hie pee Oe Wale eee se TOON 10
5 + 16 p + 16 r + ¢€ — 14.62 = O
COMM Ch neater awn TAA. ©
ia te De ee Pe CN —— a Aaah O
Sue eee Deen ee eC AR OC a —— KO
9 Op et ee. TAAG — 0
TOMS we SQN sn 32 Ph ea Cu ISSO) ¢——) "0
Meet (a ep GAN iy CMe UBB ta O

The combined solution of all these equations by least squares
gives the following values of the unknowns, in which p and r
have been multiplied by .or to restore their original units. The
sum of the squares of the 22 residuals is 10.3179, so that the
mean error of one equation is +0.'’76.

p = — .000089, mean error + .cooo81
7 = + .000145, iG ‘¢ + ,000081
c= 2.64, 3 a3 + 0,!24
e= + 14."24, 6c 4 Oo lo4

The total corrections required by the measured co-ordinates of
the unknown stars are now found by means of the expressions (3)
to be:

-++ .000137 Xsecd + .oooo1r Y — 0.193, for X sec 0
—.00209 Xsecd + .000256 Y + 14.!!24, [Mn

Having thus arrived at the constants required for the reduction
of the plate, we now come to the computation of the places of the
unknown stars from their measured co-ordinates. This is of
course the most important part of the subject, since the process
must be applied a very large number of times for each plate ;
while the foregoing computations need only be made for the com-
paratively small number of known stars.

As an example of this part of the work I take the first star of
the above series, treating it now as an unknown star. We have:

————

112 Reduction of Stellar Photographs.
RIGHT ASCENSION. DECLINATION.
X sec 6 —267.483 Ve + 1517. 35
-+.000137 Xsecd — .037 | —.00209 X seed == -56
-+.ooo01r Y -—+ .017 | +.000256 Y 4 398
Constant — .193 | Constant +- 14.24
x sec 0 —267.696 y + 1532.54
25 (ip, mt 22). 886i), (Rath: THIeAe) arises
+ (Tab. IL c)eee — .003 | — (Tab. 111. ¢)-%— as .29
= (Tab. II D) 8034 | == (‘Tae Tite) —.) Skea
Aa —268.551 | Ad + 1517.70
Aa —4 98.551 Aod + 25 17.70
h m s | fo) i a“

a (Centre) I 4 0.000 | 6 (Centre) 24 fo) 0.03
a’ (Star) © 59 31.449 | 0! (Star) 24 25 17.70

In the above example considerably more figures have been
written down than are really necessary, and all the multiplica-
tions have been done with Crelle’s tables. The final place of the
star is of course very much more accurate than the place
originally obtained from the meridian observations.

I now give for comparison the places derived as above for all
the stars, together with the discordances from the meridian places
taken in the sense “ meridian minus photographic.” The column

headed ‘‘H” contains the corresponding residual as obtained
by M. Henry.

RIGHT ASCENSION. DECLINATION.
Merid—Photo. Merid—Photo.
| Jae. H. J—H. | Jae. H. |) Jone
hm os s S ® o 7 ul “ “ “

I| 059 31.449 | —.069 | —.064 | —.005 ||--24 25 17.70 | +-0.50 |4-0.54 | —0.04
2| 0 59 59-393 | —-023 | —-019 | —.004|| 23 5651.28 | —o.18 |—0.20 | +-0.02
3) I I 1,002; -+.048 | +.052|—.004|} 2422 8. 73 | +0.97 |-+1.02 |—0.05
4, I 141.659) +.051 | +-.054 | —.003 24 18 23.93 | —1.33 |—I.3I |—0.02
5|I 2 4.627 —.O17 | —.014 | —.003 || 24 26 21.20 | +0.30 |+-0.33 |—0.03
61 352.866| +.054| +. 053 | -+.001 || 23 55 30.97 | —0.87 |—0.9I |++0.04
7/1 414.941 | —.081 | —.084 | +.003 || 23 15 41.78 0.22 |+0.20 | +0.02
Ss I 416.068 | +.052 | +.050 | +.002 || 2359 5.82 | —o.12 |—o.16 | +-0.04
9 I 656.967 | +-.073 | +-.067 | |+.006|| 24 0 2.34] +0.56 |+0.52 |-+0.04
IO, I 755.052 |—.052 | —:054 | +.002 || 2455 49.88 | —o.22 —0.19 |—0.03
11 I 8 7.176 | —.036 | —.o40 +.004 || 24 28 32.16| +0.14 “ro. 16 | —0.02

Astro-Photographic Catalogue Plates. 113

The differences in the column J—H, though small, are of a sys-
_ tematic character. They are doubtless due in part to a difference
between the constants of reduction employed by M. Henry and
those which I have used, M. Henry having employed a predeter-
mined scale-value whilst I have deduced the correction of the
scale-value and orientation from the known stars. But in order to
account completely for the discordances, it would be necessary to
investigate the differences between M. Henry’s formule and
those given in the present paper. Such differences exist, especi-
ally in the refraction formule, where M. Henry computes merely
the change in the magnitude of the co-ordinates x and y caused
by refraction. But refraction not only changes the magnitude of
x, but it also removes the x as a whole to a different position on
the plate. And the Aa corresponding to x depends not only on
the magnitude of x, but also on its position with respect to the
centre of the plate.

It may be of interest to consider the effect of errors in the
assumed right ascension and declination corresponding to the
centre of the plate. For this purpose I take up again the expan-
sions given in the beginning of this paper, writing them now in
a somewhat different form, and introducing the auxiliaries x’ and y’
for brevity. It is sufticient for the present purpose to include
terms of the third order. We have, putting

x! = (a'—a) cos 0, y!= 0!—d (a)
the following :

«=a! —tand a! y! + 4 (1—} tan? 0) 2

b
y=y' +} tand wo! +4 (1—tan? 6) al? y! +4 y'3J ”)
x'—a + tan 0 ay—4 (1+ tan?d) «3 4- tan? 6 ay? f (0)
y'=y—z tand 2? —3 y—3 (1+ tan? 0) ay

From equations (a) we have, by differentiation with respect to
waand 0:
dx'=— cos 0 da — tan 0 x! dd, dy'=— do (d)

Now differentiating equations (0), and substituting from equations
(c) and (d), we get, after slight reductions :

dx —— cos0 da+ tan 0 y . cosd da— a2? . cosd da—ay. do f
dy = —dé0 —tandx . cosd da—ay . cosdda—y*?. do

(¢)

114 Reduction of Stellar Photographs.

These results signify that if we have computed x and y from
the known right ascension and declination of the star, using a
and 0 as the right ascension and declination of the centre of the
plate, and if the true right ascension and declination of the centre
of the plate are:

a+ da d+ do,
then the true values of # and y will be:
e+ dz y + dy.

We shall therefore have the following equations, in which p
and r indicate the scale value and orientation constants, as be- —
fore, and X and Y are the observed co-ordinates :

Cen Le mee (f)

y+ dy=V+pY—rx

The constants &£ and c do not appear in these equations, be-
cause up to the present I have assumed that an imaginary line
passing through the optical centre of the object-giass, and cut-
ting the sky at a point whose right ascension and declination are

a+ da, 6 + dd

will cut the plate at a point whose co-ordinates x and y are both
o. Ifsuch a line cuts the plate at a point whose co-ordinates are

iy ' = wW
equations (f) become:
xetde=X+pX+rVYt+y
oe ee es o)

I shall now impose upon the above imaginary line the further —
condition that it be perpendicular to the plate, which condition
at once assigns definitive values to 7 and ¢, and for a given posi-
tion of the telescope, to dx and dy. 'This is equivalent to defining
the sight line of the telescope as a line drawn through the optical
centre of the object-glass, and perpendicular to the plate. In
this way we avoid the question of a possible inclination of the
plate to the sight line of the telescope.

We now substitute in equation (g) the values of dx and dy

/

Astro-Photographic Catalogue Plates. 115

from equations (e), replacing x and y by X and Y, which does not
cause an appreciable loss of accuracy in these small terms. This
gives :

(X— x) +p X+ (r—tans. coss da) Y + (x + cosd da) + X?. cosd da + XY di=0 h
(Y—y)+p Y —(r—tan 5. cosé da) X + (+ ds) + XY . cosé da + Y2dd=0 ( )

Equations (h) are complete equations for determining the con-
stants of reduction of a plate.

These constants are:

p, 7, the constants of scale value and orientation,
z, %, the errors of centreing the plate,
cosdda, do, the errors of pointing the telescope.

The corrections required by the observed co-ordinates of a star,
beyond those already given in my reduction of M. Henry’s plate,
are evidently

X?.cosd da+ XY dd for X
XY.coséd da+ Y2dd SO OY

When X and Y are each equal to 1°, none of these terms could
amount to 0.’’01 until cos 6 da or dé become as large as 337’.

Equations (h) bring out several very interesting points. If
we neglect the very small terms in X’, XY and Y’, we see that
the equations are of the same form as those used in the reduction
of M. Henry’s plate. But in that case it is evident that we did
not obtain the true orientation constant r, but the quantity

r—tano. cosd da

It follows that for plates taken at considerable declinations we
must not expect the orientation constant to come out the same
for each plate, as in each individual case the value obtained will
depend on the accidental error of pointing the telescope. Hqua-
tions (2), moreover, show that it is impossible to determine this
accidental error without retaining the terms in X’, etc., which
are so small that they would not determine cos dda and do with
accuracy. Similarly it is impossible to separate cos dda and do,
which depend on the pointing of the telescope, from 7 and ¢,
which depena on the adjustment of the plate.

116 Reduction of Stellar Photographs.

But if we assume that the adjustment of the plate is perfect, or
in other words, that a perpendicular let fall upon the plate from
the optical centre of the object. glass-cuts the plate at the inter-
section of the co-ordinate axes used in its measurement, then
z and ¢ are 0, and we have for our former constants & and c:

k=cos 0 da, e=do

Upon this assumption, the corrections which have to be added
to the measured X and Y on the plate are:

pxX+(r—ktano) Ytk+k X2?-+-¢ XV eee
p Y—(r—k tan0) X+e+tkxY+e y2 (a4 Ve

which are of exactly the same form as the expressions (3) except
for the negligible terms in X’, XY, and Y’.

One other matter deserves brief notice in the present paper.
It will sometimes happen that certain plates do not contain
enough well-determined stars to furnish satisfactory values of p
and r. In that case we can use the known stars upon the neigh-
boring overlapping plates, as was first suggested by M. Loewy.
We may suppose that the values of p, 7, & and-e are very small ;
or, if not, that their values are very approximately known. Us-
ing these approximate values we now determine for all the known
stars, and for a number of unknown stars well distributed in
the overlapping portion of the two plates, the values of 4d and
Aa. This is done exactly in the manner already described; or,
in other words, we reduce some of the stars preliminarily with-
out the help of the overlapping plate.

Now let us indicate by p’, r’,k’ and c’, the corrections re-
quired by the assumed approximate values of p,r,and ¢; and by
the subscripts 1 and 2, any corresponding quantities belonging
to the two plates. We shall then have from each known and un-
known star the following four equations:

d! —), =A, d—r] - 1524, + py! F,+ 4

(a) d! —d, = A, 6 —r,! . 15 X, + p,' ¥, +e! :
a! —a,=A,a+ 1! . X,secd, + py! . Fx Y sec 5, + zs hy’ seed,
a! —a,—=A,a-+-1,| . X,sec0,-+ py! . y's Y,sec 0, + 75 k,' sec 0,

From these equations we obtain by subtraction

/

Astro-Photographic Catalogue Plates. 117

0, — 0, == 4,0 —A,6—r,'. 15 X, + 1! . 15 X, + py’ Y—p,' Y, + ¢' —e,!
(b) {%—%=A,a—A,a+r,' X,secd,—r,!. X, sec 0, + p,'. qs Yi, sec 0,
— Pz. 75 Y2, Sec 0, + qs ky’ sec 0, — 7; k,' sec 0,

If we now write

4 =A, 9 — (0! — 0,) v, = A, a —(a'— a)
f= A, d — (6! — 6,) , = A, a —(a'—a,)
fy = (A, 9 —A, 0)—(0, — 0;) Y= (A, a— A, a)-—(a, —a@)

the above equations take the form :
—7r'.15 X,+p Yi+¢'+m4=0
—T,!. 15 X,+ po! Y,+ ©! + f2=0
r'. X,sec0,-+ p,’. ps Y,secd, + 7, &,'secd, + », =o
|. X.sec 0, -+ po! . ps Y,secd, + 7, k,/ see 0, + v, =o
—r|.15 X + 1,'. 15 X, + py’ Yi—p! Yo + ¢'—@! + Hy = 0
(II); +7’. X,sec 6, — r,'. X,secd, + p,'. 1'5 VY, seco, — p,'. 7s Y,sec 4,
—- qs hk,’ secd, — x5 ky! seco, + 4%) =o

(1)

In these equations p,, »,, »,, ¥, can be computed for the known
stars, and y,, », for the unknown stars. It is therefore clear that
every known star on each plate will give us a pair of equations of
the form (1); and every unknown star on the overlapping portion
of the two plates will give a pair of equations of the form (II). By
combining all these equations by least squares, or otherwise, we
can arrive at values of p,’, r,’, etc., which, being added to the
former provisional values, p, 7, etc., give us the definitive con-
stants of reduction.

In the above operation we should of course use all the equa-
tions of the form (I) that can be obtained from the known stars.
The number of equations of the form (II) which must be in-
eluded will depend on the precision of the photographic measures,
relative to the precision of the places of the known stars. If the
photographic measures are very much more accurate than the
places of the known stars derived from meridian observations,
then a very small number of equations of the form (II) will
suffice. It should also be noticed that experience will perhaps
show that p,’ and p,’ are either equal, or connected by a very
simple law depending on the temperature of the telescope tube.
If so, our equations will of course be much simplified. In order
to settle this point practically, it will be necessary to compare
the values of p derived from many different plates. In doing

ANNALS N. Y. Acap. Scr., IX, April, 1896.—9

118 Reduction of Stellar Photographs.

this it is necessary to compute the effect of aberration upon the —
value of p derived from the known stars in the manner explained
above. We find that the quantity which must be added to the —
value of p so derived, to reduce it to what it would have been if
there were no aberration, is given by the following formule: |

Y, = —(tan « sind + sina cos¢) sin 1!
Y2 = cosa coso sin 1!
Corr® = Cy, + Dye

In these formule < is the angle between the equator and eclip-
tic, and C, D, are the usual Besselian day numbers given in the
Berlin Jahrbuch.

Since each plate has four overlapping plates, it is clear that a
rigorous application of the above method of adjustment will give
us a series of equations involving twenty unknowns, four for each
of the plates under consideration. The solution of such a series.
of equations for each plate would offer insuperable difficulties, on
account of the excessive labor involved. Even the application of
the process to two overlapping plates with the necessary eight.
unknowns would be too much trouble. Except in very special
cases, therefore, we shall have to substitute some approximate
method of adjustment for the above rigorous one. Various ap-
proximate methods readily suggest themselves, but it will not be
possible to decide on the best one until a considerable iumber of
plates have been measured and preliminarily reduced. We shall
then have material which will enable us to deal with the question
practically.

Astro-Photographic Catalogue Plates. 119

TABLE I.

REFRACTION COEFFICIENTS.

YU, N, Ny,

.000225 | -0000000 ; -000345
.000226 | - 0000000 : .000345
.000226 .0000000 : .000346
.000227 -0000000 : .000346

.000229 .0000000 F .000347

SOOO22 1) |. <5) .OOO000I .000349

.000233 .OOO000I : .000350

M, and WN, are always positive. MN, and IM, are negative for
negative hour angles.

120 Reduction of Stellar Photographs.

Rigut ASscENsION TABLES.

TABLE II. A.

|
Aa=a sec 0-+( Tab. IL. eae +(Tab. II. C. (Tab. 506 Ds) ee ae

Ad eye
asec) —Aa=- (Tab. II. A.) ———- + (Tab. II. B)14 “ Pee

‘The numbers given in the Tables are invariably positive.

Se ee eee

TABLE II. B.
Arg.

Aa

72-3 E
ae
123.

138.2 in
150.3 (005
160.7 ae
169.9 es
Oe 2 vk :
ee Gia
192.8 es
TS ‘oll
205-5 ‘O12
21GE Sy, ae
216.8 :
222.0 He
227.0 “O16
231.8 an
240.7 “os
Se Boe
2 Neen
253-T 622
257.0
260.8 °023
264.4 Boe
268.0 eae
271.4
274.8 Roe
278.1 OF
281.3 oe)

Astro-Photographic Catalogue Plates.

Ricgut. ASCENSION TABLES.

TABLE II. C.
Arg:

y

1036 8
MOS des
2316 003
2741 .004
ouey .005
3436 .006
3736

( Continued.)
TABLE II.

Arg.
asec 0

65.6
94.8
T12.4
125.7
136.7
146.0
1$4-5
162.0
169.0
175-3
181.2
186.8
192.2
197.1
201.8
206.4
210.8
214.9
219.0
222.8
226.6
. 230.2
233-7
237.1
240.5
243.6
246.8
249.9
252.8
255.8
258.6
261.4
264.2
266.9
269.5
' 272.0
274.6
277.1

D.

.037

121

122 Reduction of Stellar Photographs.

DECLINATION TABLES.

TABLE WI. A.

zseos| 0 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 4 |. 5 | 6 | 4°) 8 1) Oe

8 “ “ “i “ “ “ “a “ “4 “ “

fo) 0.00} 0.00] 0.00] 0.00] 0.00| 0.00| 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02] .002]
IO o2 o2 03 03 o4 .04 05 06 07 07| .co6}
20 08 09 a0) II 12 ane 14 15 16 17) .O1o}
30 18 20 21 22 23 25 26 28 29 31| .oI4®

50 | 0.52] 0.53] 0.55| 057] 0.59| 0.61| 0.64] 0.66] 0.68| 0.71| 022mm
60 0:73 | 0.76| 0.78] 0.81} 0.83| 0.86] 0.88] 0.91 | 0.94] 0.97| .o26Rm
70 0.99) I.02| 1.05| 1.08| 1.11] 1.14 | 1.17] 1.20) 4223)\— es ocee
80 1.30 | 1.33 | 1.36] 1.40 | 1.43 | 1.47] 1.50| 1.54 | 4257.) 91.01) os=mmm
90 1.64 1.68) 1.72} 1.76) 1.79) 1.83 | 1.87) 1.91 | “105s Ogh moses

100 2.03) 2.07) 2.11 | 2515)) 2.19 || 2.23 | 2.28) 2530) oe2 6a One eos
IIo 2.45 | 2.50 | 2.54 | 2:59] 2.63) 2.68 | 2.73 | 2.77 | \2082))) ane zane
120 2.92 | 2.97| 3.02] 3.07| 3.12| 3.17| 3.22] 3.27| 3.32| 3.37| -O500mm
130 3-42 | 3.48] 3.53] 3-58) 3.64] 3.69] 3.75 | 3-80] 3.86] 3.92] .0540mm
I40 3-97 | 4-03 | 4.09] 4.14] 4.20] 4.26] 4.32] 4.38| 4.44] 4.50| .O50/%mm

150 | 4.56| 4.62] 4.68} 4.74| 4.81] 4.87] 4.93| 4.99] 5.06| 5.12] .0627
160 5.19| 5.25] 5.32] 5.38] 5-45) 5-52] 5.58] 5.65] 5.72] 5-79| .066
170 5.86| 5.93; 6.00] 6.06, 6.13; 6.21| 6.28] 6.35] 6.42| 6.49] .o70
180 | 6.56| 6.64] 6.71} 6.79] 6.86] 6.94] 7.01] 7.09] 7.16| 7.24] .O075]mm
Igo | 7.32] 7-39| 7-47| 7-55| 7-63] 7.71/ 7-78| 7.86| 7.94| 8.02) .079 3m

200 8.11 | 8.19] 8.27] 8.35] 8.43] 8.52] 8.60] 8.68) 8.77] 8.85] .083
210 8.94] 9.02] 9.11} 9.20) 9.28] 937] 9.45| 9.54] 9.63] 9.72] .087 ff
220 9.81 | 9.90] 9.99 | 10.08 | 10.17 | 10.26 | 10.35 | 10.44 | 10.53 | 10.63 | .Ooor im
230 | 10.72 | 10.81 | 10.91 | II.00 | 11.10 | 11.19 | II.29 | 11.38 | 11.48 | 11.57] .OO5
240 | 11.67 | 11.77 | 11.87 | 11.97 | 12.07 | 12.16 | 12.26 | 12.36 | 12.46 | 12.56 | .099

250° | 12.67 | 12.77 | 12.87 | 12.97 | 13.07 | 13.18 | 13.28 | 13.38 | 13.49 | 13.59] 103m
260 | 13.70 | 13.80 | 13.91 | 14.02] 14.12 | 14.23 | 14.34 | 14.45 | 14.55 | 14.66] .107 fm
270 | 14.77 | 14.88 | 14.99 | 15.11 | 15.21 | 15.33 | 15-44 | 15.55 | 15.66 | 15.77 | .111

= Viner y positive
A 0=y— (Tab. III. A.)—(Tab. ILC.) 365 + (Tab. IIT. D.) 4 7) negative
A J A A) e,e
ee positive
y =A 0 + (Tab. III. A.)+(Tab. HI. B.) 7555 = (Tab. HI. D). { A 6 negative

The numbers given it the Tables are invariably positive.

Astro-Photographic Catalogue Plates. .

DECLINATION
TABLE III. B.
Arg.
Aa
D5251> i;
92-7 Op
I19.7 03
I4I.2 ion
160.3 "05
WT-3 6G
193.0 07
207.2 me
220.7 es
233.2 “12
245-5 “yy
256.6 =
267.5 13
Hr foOme ne

TABLES. ( Continued.)

TABLE III. C. TABLE III. D.
Arg. Arg.
x seco Adory
Weis Ub S61 “
ee me
97-2 .03 1472 03
I1I5.0 ‘O4 1647 jak
130.5 os I791 OE
144.2 “Oe 19l4 “oe
156.8 107 2024 oy
168.5 a 2123 “08
179.3 09 2214 ion
LES ae) oe LO
199-3 25730)
208.5 a5 2448 aa
217.4 13 2517 iB
225.9 4 2583 TA
234.2 15 2644 ts
PART 316 ZONE
249.8 17 2762 ty
257-2 ime 2816 18
264.5 "19 2869 "19
271.6 ae 2919 “4
278.5 ee 2969 pe
285.20 4 3016 ~

3062 ee
3107 aL
3151 =
SUSE Rs
3233 127
3274 (38
B3LS
Bases
agus) Se
3126 Bait
3461 532
too
a5ar “ot
3505 “32
3598 *2
eosmeeee
3003 ~

-39

123

III.— The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

BY HEINRICH RIES.

Read March 17th, 1895.

CONTENTS.

TMGTORMMCHOM slic. coceesnavnns sense segbonts ssleetcecedviensosese sree qlece cones eee eee eee eeaee 124
LAGOra bre. 5.222250 ssc teetsncedlsalicced sided essen cteca chee aeletebeet SOsc eee eee eee EEE eee 125
General Characters of Pyroxene................cceeeneeecececececeees ‘aoe tendieled vomamenee 128:
Distribution of the New York Pyroxemes .2::.0...../.0s.05--cs+ ee eneen eee 131
Characters of the New York Pyroxenes:—

Crystallography oo. .cccsisccncris/lswiec se sic e+eevlsisnever'ssise eetence Gese sae Pe Ce Re eee CeeREEe 133

Optical! Properties: 2. 5sc setae ce sisoseslacaccsesehececssadss eden ccc cee ee eee eee ee EERE 137

IGCH=BiGUeS ss hee uc ce sien case beuiee aatteees suiececdceedancs dee eeee se cee ee eee EEE 140

Alberation Products... ccc.cc<cscclece stele daiseinaesac eevee sales detiseeelet ee ee ane ee eee 142:
Detailed Account of Occurrences :—

INTIDUCE Sa ceneseceveccesasessensucasnssaceresdacatn deessssseeacscets=e epee eee 144

WCUCAU PILE. ci elacdien sie dtisctewensatecceacecsonsessuuccesescscse see tate ee See Ree eee eee 163.

Peden bereites soo sccc. etacesnceossacdesesitescelseerocedoectecesseeee seen eeeeeeeeeeeeeee 165.

SAMMGE (oct edesetoeees doe deeess se alneasucs slg lowe ceakaas canes deciiee tele dete Ree EE eee eee 167

PDLOPST AS os ceeesiciis seas scaeleoii'ose os cwleiseevise steams ee sinjces clskue con ae ne aE eee eee 168
Genesis'of the New. York Pyroxemes. i.e, cececcce-scsece ce soaeeesee este eee eneeeeeeeee 175-

INTRODUCTION.

The following paper is intended to give the results of a crys-
tallographic, chemical and optical investigation of the mono-
clinic * pyroxenes occurring within New York State, and to this
is added such information as has already been published by others.

In the course of this work the pyroxenes in the collections of
the following institutions have been examined: School of Mines,
Columbia University; American Museum of Natural History,
New York City ; The New York State Museum, Albany, N. Y.;
Rutgers College, New Brunswick, N. J.; National Museum,
Washington, D. C.; Hamilton College, Clinton, N. Y.; Cornell
University, Ithaca, N. Y.; Williams College, Williamstown, Mass. ;
as well as the private collections of Prof. Thos. Egleston, Prof.
A. H. Chester and Mr. F. L. Nason.

* This does not include wollastonite.

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 125

A constant difficulty all through the work has been the lack of
fresh material for chemical and optical work, so that crystallo-
eraphic portion of the paper predominates.

The writer wishes to express his thanks to Prof. Thos. Egles-
ton, Prof. A. J. Moses and Dr. L. M. Luquer for numerous help-
ful suggestions offered during the course of the work. Grateful
acknowledgments are also due to Prof. J. F. Kemp for much
valuable aid, and for the use of some excellent material for study.
Prof. Wm. Hallock and Prof. C. E. Colby have also aided the
writer considerably. To Prof. C. H. Smyth, Jr., the writer is in-
debted for the loan of many specimens.

LITERATORE.

The following list includes all papers referring to the mono-
clinic pyroxenes of New York State, the more important miner-
alogical ones being marked with an asterisk.

1. Barzey, S. C. H.—On the Minerals of New York Island. Ann., N. Y.
Lyceum Nat. Hist., vol. VIII, Nov. 1865.

2*. BECK, L. C.—Report on the Mineralogy of New York State, Albany,
1846. .

3*. BLuM.—The alternation of pyroxene to mica. Pseudomorphosen, 34d,
nachtrag, p. 93, 1863, and p. 163, 1843.

4*, BREWER.—Analysis of Pyroxene from Edenyille. Liebig’s-Kopp’s.
Jahresber, p. 712, 1850.

5. BRUCE.—White Pyroxene from New York Island. Bruce’s Min. Jour.,
p. 266, 1814.

6. CLEVELAND.—Mineralogy. Appendix.

7. CRAWE, J. W. AND A. GRAyY.—Mineralogy of Jefferson and St. Law-
rence Co., New York. Amer. Jour. Sci., ii, vol. XXV, p. 346 and Neues
Jahrb. fur Min., p. 83, 1835.

8*. DANA, E. S.—System of Mineralogy, 1893.

9. DANA, J. D.—Note on Hudsonite. Amer. Jour. Sci., ii, vol. XIX, p-
362.

10. DANA, J. D.—Leucaugite from Amity, N. Y. Amer. Jour. Sci., ill,
vol. VI, p. 24.

11*. DEs CLOISEAUX.—Note on Hudsonite. Mineralogie, p. 62, 1863.

12*. DES CLOISEAUX.—On Pyroxene from Orange Co., Manuel de Miner-
alogie, vol. I, p. 54, 1862. Atlas Fig. 57 and 58.

_ 13*, DoELTER, C.—Ueber Diopsid. Tscher. Min. Mitth., N. F., vol I, p.
do and

14.* DoELTER, ©.—Diopside from Greenwood Furnace. Tscher Min.
Mitth., 1887, p. 286.

15. EAKLE, A. S.—On some dikes occurring near Lyon Mt., Clinton Co.,
N.Y. Amer. Geol., vol. VII, July, 1893.

126 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

16.—FincH, J.—Essay on the Mineralogy and Geology of St. Lawrence
Co., N. Y. Amer. Jour. Sci., i, vol. XIX, p. 220.

17. FRIEDERICH, J. J.—The Minerals of New York, N. Y. Trans. N. Y.
Acad. Sci., vol. VI, p. 130.

18. GALE, L. D.—Geology of New ule County. Geol. Rept. of New
York, 1839, p. 177.

19.* Hawes, G. W.—Analysis of Pyroxene from Edenville, N. Y. Amer.
Jour. Sci., iii, vol. XVI, p. 597.

20. Horton, R.—List of Minerals found in Orange Co., N. Y. Geol. 1st
Dist., N. Y., p. 577, 1843.

o1.* K mani Dame lier Pyroxene from West Point. Jour. Phila. Acad.
Sci. vol. III, p. 68.

22. Kemp, J. F.—On the Rosetown extension of the Cortlandt Series.
Amer. Jour. Sci. ili, vol. XXXVI, p. 247.

23.* Kemp, J. F. & HoLuick, A.—The Granite at Mts. Adam and Te
and their contact phenomena. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., vol. VIII, p. 638.

24. Kemp, J. F. & Marsters, V. F.—The Dikes of L. Champlain. Bull.
U.S. G. 8. No. 107.

25. Kemp, J. F.—Gabbros on the western shore of L. Champlain. Bull.
Geol. Soc. Amer. vol. V, p. 213.

26. Kemp, J. F.—Crystalline Limestones, Calcites and associated Schists
of the eastern Adirondacks. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. vol. VI, p. 241.

27.* KENGOTT.—Note on Hudsonite. Sitzber. Akad. Wien, vol. XII, p.
297, 1844, and Amer. Jour. Sci., ii, vol. XIX, p. 362.

28. *KRANTZ.—Note on Crystals of Pyroxene from Orange Co., N. Y. Pogg.
Ann., Bd., CXI, p. 263, Taf. iii, Fig. 5 and 6.

29. LACROIx, A.—Theses presentés a la Faculté del Sciences de Paris, 1 re
contribution a |’ Etude des Gneiss a Pyroxene et des Roches a Wernerite. Bull.
Fr. Min. Soc. 1889, p. 186.

30. LEEDS, A.—Notes on the Lithology of the Adirondacks. Amer.
Chemist, Mar., 1877, and Zeitschr. fur Kryst u Min., Vol. II, p. 644.

31. *LEEDS, A.—Augite from Amity, N. Y. Amer. Jour. Sci., Vol. VI, p.
24, 1873.

32. *MATHER, W. W.—Geol. 1st Dist. N. Y., 1846. Various references to
New York pyroxenes in the chapters on the crystalline rocks.

33. *MERRILL, G. P.—Notes on the serpentinous rocks of Essex Co., N.
Y. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XII, p. 595.

34. MERRILL, G. P.—On the occurrence of Ophiolites of Thurman, Warren
Co., N. Y., with remarks on Eozoon Canadense. Amer. Jour. Sci., iii, Vol.
XXXVII, p. 189.

35. *Nason, F. L.—Some New York minerals and their localities. Bull. N.
Y. State Museum, Vol. I, No. 6.

36. PrERCE.—Minerals of Lake Champlain. Amer. Jour. Sci., i, Vol. IV,
p. 113.

37. *RAMMELSBERG.—Analysis of Pyroxene from Edenville, N. Y. Min-
eralchemie, p. 386, 1875.

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 127

38. *v. RATH, G.—Diopside from Dekald, N. Y. Sitzber. Niederrh. Ges.
fur Nat. u. Heilk., p. 224, 1886.

39. *v. RaTH, G.—Pyroxene from Orange ae N. Y. Zeitschr. fur
Kryst. u Min., Vol. V; p. 495. —

40. v. RATH, G.—Ueber Diopsid from Dekalb, N. Y. Ibid. vol. XIII,
p. 598.

41.* vy. RATH, G.—On Pyroxene from Diana, N. Y. Pogg. Ann., vol.
CXLIV, p. 377, 1872.

42.* vy. RATH, G.—Alteration products of Pyroxene from Orange Co.,
N. Y. Ibid. vol. CXI, p. 263, 1860.

43. Ries, H.—List and Bibliography of Minerals occurring in Warwick
township, Orange Co., N. Y. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., vol. VII.

44. ROBINSON, S.—List of American Mineral Localities. Boston, 1826.

45. SEYBERT.—Note on green Pyroxene from Willsboro on L. Champlain.
Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. V, p. 116, 1822.

46. SHEPHERD, C. U.—Geology and Mineralogy of Orange Co., N. Y.
Amer. Jour. Sci., i, vol. X XI, p. 321.

47.* SMITH and BRUSH.—Note on the composition of Hudsonite. Amer.
Jour. Sci., vol. XVI, p. 369, and vol. XIX, p. 362, 1853.

48. SMYTH, JR., C. H.—Petrography of the Gneisses in the town of Gouver-
neur, N. Y. ‘Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci., vol. ——.

49. SmyTH, JR., C. H.—On the Gabbros and associated rocks in the south-
western Adirondack Region. Amer. Jour. Sci., ili, vol. XLVIIL.

50. SMytH, JR., C. H.—A group of Diabase Dikes among the Thousand
Islands, St. Lawrence River. Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci., vol. XIII, p. 209.

51. SmytTH, JR., C. H.—Crystalline Limestones and associated Rocks of
the northwestern Adirondack Region. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. VI, p. 263.

52.* Troost, G.—The Pyroxenes of the United States. Phila. Acad. Sci.,
vol. III, p. 105, 1825.

53. VANUXEM, L.—Note on Hudsonite.
Jour. Phila. Acad. Sci., vol, III, p. 68.

54. WHITE, T. G.—The Geology of Essex and Willsboro townships on L.
Champlain. Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci., vol. XIII, p. 229.

55.* WILLIAMS, G. H.—On the paramorphosis of Pyroxene to Hornblende
in rocks. Amer. Jour. Sci. iii, vol. XX XVIII, p. 259 1884.

56.* WILLIAMS, G. H.—Note on some remarkable crystals of Pyroxene

from Orange Co., N. Y. Amer. Jour. Sci. iii, vol. XXXIV, 1887.

57.* WILLIAMS, G. H.—Contact Phenomena of the Cortlandt Series near
Peekskill, N. Y. Amer. Jour. Sci. iii, vol. XXXVI, p. 254.

58.* WILLIAMS, G. H.—On the possibility of Hemihedrism in the Mono-
clinic System with especial reference to Pyroxyene. Amer. Jour. Sci. iii,
vol. XX XVIII, 1889.

59. WILLIAMS, G. H.—The Gabbros and Diorites of the Cortlandt Series
near Peekskill, N. Y. Amer. Jour. Sci. iii, vol XX XI, p. 26, 1886.

60.* ZIMANYI, K. Die Hauptbrechungsexponenten der wichtig gesteins-
bildenden Mineralien, bei Na-licht. - Zeitschr. fur Kryst. u Min., vol. XXII,
p. 3438.

128 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

GENERAL CHARACTERS OF PYROXENE.

The Pyroxene group includes minerals which are for the most
part normal metasilicates of the general formula RSiO,. They
are simple silicates involving a single base (as Wollastonite) as
well as isomorphous mixtures of several. They also sometimes
depart from the normal metasilicate type in that they often con-

tain an excess of iron oxide or alumina. All the monoclinic
pyroxenes are isomorphous mixtures of more than one base. ~ i
Hintze makes the following varieties :*
Diopside. MegCa Si,0,
Sahlite. (MgFe) CaSi,O, 7
Hedenbergite. CaFeSi,0,
Schefferite. (MgFe) (CaMn) Si,0,
Jeffersonite. (MgFeZn) (CaMn) Si,O, ;
: (MgFe) CaSi,O,+ |
uate. ees (AlFe), Si O,

Pyroxene crystallizes in the monoclinic system, and the crys-
tallographic relations of the different members vary but little.
The members are theoretically of different composition, although
they nevertheless grade into each other.

The axial ratios upon which measurements are usually reckoned
are those calculated by G. V. Rath on augite from Vesuvius

(Pogg. Ann. 18738, Erg. Bd. VI, p. 340.)

a:b :ce=1.09213 :1. : 0.58931.
(o— (ee cml ae

The habit of pyroxene crystals is usually columnar parallel to
ce (001), those of augite tending towards a short thick form, while
those of diopside are often slender. In cross-section they ‘are
frequently rectangular or square from the great development of
a (100) and b (010) but they are sometimes tabular, and if so the ©
flattening is parallel to a (100). (The New York pyroxenes are
an exception to this rule). Hemihedrism is known to occur, but
it is very rare. Twinning is commonest parallel to a (100) and
sometimes parallel to ¢ (100). Hintze also mentions twins par-
alel to y (101) and W (122). The twinning line often runs
through the middle of the crystal and in this case gives no reen-

* Handbunch der Mineralogie, p. 1016.
+ Hintze, Handbuch der Mineralogie, p. 1019.

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 129

trant angle. Lustre vitreous todull. Crystals often transparent
especially in the diopsides. Color mostly green, but varies from
colorless through various shades of green to black, also brown
and yellow. Streak white, green or gray. Fracture conchoidal.

Cleavage parallel to m (110). Parting parallel to c (001) and
a (100). Hardness 5-6., Sp. Gr. 3.2-3.6.

Etch figures on diopside usually show triangles the acute angles
of which point in the direction of the positive hemi-pyramid, or
a deltoid with rounded sides, whose acute angle points towards
the negative and obtuse angle toward the positive pyramid. A
parallelogram is formed on the clino-pinacoid.

The plane of the optic axes coincides with the plane of sym-
metry, and the acute bisectrix lies in front of the vertical axis.
Pyroxene is optically positive. c:¢ varies from 36°-54°.

Tschermak* claimed that the variation of the extinction angle
is due to the chemical composition and that it is especially in-
fluenced by the percentage of iron in the non aluminous ones.
He noticed that a change of color was accompanied by a change
in the angle which the optic axis made with the normal toa. F.
J. Wiik+ claimed that c: ¢ increased with the percentage of FeO
in the Finnish pyroxenes. He, however, found that there were
pyroxenes which would not fit this rule,and came to the con-
clusion that the pyroxenes of the younger volcanic rocks fol-
lowed a different law.

-Herwig{ made a long series of similar determinations, but
they showed no deducible law.

-Doelter§ found in a series of augites that the FeO percent-
age (in those containing no Fe,O,) had an effect on the optical
properties. No regular law could be formulated if Fe,0, were
present or if the sum of FeO and Fe,O, were used. A better
curve was obtained when the sum of FeO, Fe,O; and Al,O, was
taken. A regular curve was only obtained when the sum of the
amounts of the component silicates are taken. :

Flink found that manganese had the same effect as iron on the
extinction angle. ;

According to Des Cloiseaux|| an increase of temperature pro-

* Min. Mitth., 1871, p. 21.
{ Zeitschr. fiir Kryst. u. Min., VIII, p. 78 and 208.
t{Ibid, XI, p. 67.

% Neues Jahrb., 1885, I, p. 56.

|| Nouv. rech., 1867, p. 649.

130 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

duces a change in position of the optic axes and bisectrices. In —
a section normal to the acute bisectrix.an increase of tempera- —
ture from 17° to 196° © caused the optic axes of light colored ;
pyroxenes to wander 1° 34’ from their original position; with —
more intensely colored ones the change was 0° 36/.

Pleochroism is generally weak, and is found chiefly in the
darker varieties, the light colored ones being non-pleochroic.

The specific heat of pyroxene has been determined on the black
diopside from Nordmarken, Sweden, and found to be 0.1830.

The different varieties of pyroxene may be defined as follows: —

Diopsipe. CaMeSi,O, or SiO,, 55.60% ; CaO, 25.90; MgO,
18.5. Color white, yellowish, grayish white to pale green, or even
black. Crystals often transparent and colorless. The crystals
are usually slender and prismatic, and iron is frequently present
in small amount.

Malacolite as originally used referred to a bluish-gray or gray- —
ish-green variety. Rosenbusch classes under this term those —
rock-making monoclinic pyroxenes poor in alumina or free from
it, and not laminated parallel to the orthopinacoid. <Alalite, Tra-
versselite and Canaanite are merely locality names.

HEDENBERGITE. CaFeSi,O,, or SiO,, 48.40; FeO, 29.40; CaO,
22.20. Occurs in crystals or in lamellar masses, of a black color.

SAwuitE. This is placed by Dana as a sub-variety, but Hintze
makes it a full species, having the composition (MgFe)CaSi,Og.

The color is usually grayish green, and the name is derived from —

the type occurrence at Sala, Sweden.

Diallage. According to Dana* the composition is near diop-
side, but it often contains a considerable percentage of alumina.
Its chief characteristic is a lamellar structure due to a parting
parallel to the orthopinacoid, sometimes another parallel to the
clinopinacoid and less often one parallel to the base.

Coccolite was first applied to a dark green variety rich in iron
from Arendal, but is now used to designate any granular variety
of pyroxene.

AvGiTE includes the aluminous monoclinic pyroxenes. It
varies more in composition probably than any of the other var-
ieties. Dana gives the composition as CaMgSi,O, with (MgFe)
(AlFe),SiO,, and Hintze gives it as (MgFe) CaSi,0,+(MgFe)

*System of Mineralogy, 1893.

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 131

(AlFe),SiO,. The color is usually green to black, and the habit.
of the crystals is short and stout.

Leucaugite is a name given to white or grayish varieties, with
alumina, lime, magnesia and little or no iron.

The varieties described above are purely theoretical and no
fixed line of division exists, for all stages of transition in com-
position between the different ones may occur.

In treating of the pyroxenes of New York State the writer
has for convenience set an arbitrary line of division, classing as
diopside those with less than 3% of alumina and as augite those
containing more than that amount.

DISTRIBUTION OF THE PYROXENES IN NEw YorRK STATE.

There is in the eastern portion of New York State an exten-
sive area of igneous and metamorphosed rocks which are bor-
dered by the Cambrian and Silurian strata of sedimentary origin,
and into which they have often penetrated. Where the limestone
is in contact with the igneous rock it not only becomes more
coarsely crystalline, but there are also developed in these contact
zones a number of minerals chief among which are pyroxene,
amphibole, wollastonite, scapolite, garnet, tourmaline, feldspar,
titanite, zircon.

This large igneous area forms the Adirondack massif west of

Lake Champlain, and which extending through Clinton, St. Law-
rence, Essex and Jefferson Counties, includes a series of (Ref.
29 and 30) quartz-orthoclase gneisses with biotite or augite, crys-
talline limestones often shading to ophicalcites on the east and
closely associated with black hornblendic and pyroxenic gneisses.
on the west, and thirdly a great series of intruded plutonic rocks:
on the Gabbro family.
In this region the pyroxene occurs in the form of small grains
and crystals as a primary constituent of the gabbros and gneisses,
as well as in the limestones and ophicalcites at or near their con-
tact with the intrusive masses. In the limestone, the pyroxene
begins to appear in scattered grains as the contact is approached,
and these increase in number and degree of development until at.

the contact the limestone is often filled with an interlacing mass
of crystals while between it and the intrusive there is often a
space lined with well-formed and sometimes quite large pyroxene
crystals. Other minerals may occur as well, and the space be-

y © etn ‘>

132 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

tween is frequently filled with calcite. The igneous rock also be- —
comes more pyroxenic as the zone of contact is approached. —
The most important of these contact localities are at Russell,
East Russel, Gouverneur, Pierrepont, Diana, Natural Bridge,
Rossie, Oxbow, Dekalb and Edwards.

The small beds of ophicalcite of the eastern Adirondack re-
gion contain an abundance of pyroxene in grains and crystals,
which are either disseminated through the rock or else collected
with other minerals in the form of large bunches of silicates in
the limestone. An excellent illustration of these bunches of
silicates appears in a recent Beper ‘by Prof. J. F. Kemp. (See
Ref. 30.)

In this same region the pyroxene not unfrequently occurs in
intimate association with the ore-bodies, either as well developed
crystals, or forming granular streaks between the ore bed and the
wall rock.

The pre-cambrian rocks of the Highland region in southeastern
New York are composed of a series of gneissic and granitic
rocks, interbedded limestones and beds of iron ore, the whole in-
tersected by many dikes. The conditions of occurrence of
pyroxene in this region are therefore somewhat similar to those
found in the Adirondacks. While it occurs in grains and anhedra*
in many of the gneissic rocks and dikes its best development is
around the beds of magnetite. The most important localities are
at the O’Neil Mine, the Bradley Mine and the Sterling Mines.
Owing to the cessation of mining these localities are practically
exhausted.

To the southwest of the Highland region the area around Mts:
Adam and Eve is of great importance, for the intrusion of the
granite into the limestone has given rise to.a rich development of
contact minerals, pyroxene being among the best developed.
Most of the specimens have been found near Edenville.

The gabbros and diorites of the Cortlandt Series, near Peeks-
kill, Westchester Co., contain an abundance of pyroxene, and the
same mineral has been formed as a result of contact metamor-
phism in the surrounding limestones (Ref. 61 and 63). The same
is true of the Rosetown extension of this area across ee Hudson
River (Ref. 22).

*L. V. Pirsson. Philadelphia Meeting Geol. Soc. Amer., Dec. 1895.

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 133

Other isolated pyroxene occurrences are at the Tilly Foster
Mines, Putnam Co., and at New Rochelle, Westchester Co., the
former associated with magnetite in gneiss and the latter with

serpentine.
| Pyroxene is very abundant at certain localities in the dolomitic

limestones of Dutchess, Putnam, Westchester and New York
Counties. The crystals all bear the closest resemblance to one
another, and are found singly, in streaks, or in clusters lining
cavities. A massive form of the same species occurs at times.
The important localities are Kingsbridge, New York Co., Sing
Sing, Westchester Co., Pawling and Paterson, Dutchess Co.
The dolomites in which these pyroxenes occur have been highly
metamorphosed by dynamic action.

It will be seen from the foregoing that the pyroxenes occur in
New York State under the following conditions: 1. As primary
constituents of igneous rocks. 2. In the contact zones between
the limestones and intrusive rocks. 3. In crystalline limestones
in areas of regional metamorphism. 4. Associated with the iron
ore bodies.

In general, it may be said that the lighter colored varieties
occur in the limestone, while the darker ones are found along the
contact zones and in the igneous rocks. The minerals usually

“found associated with the pyroxene are scapolite, feldspar, wol-
lastonite, amphibole, titanite, mica, tourmaline, garnet, chond-
rodite, zircon and quartz. The pyroxene occurs both massive or
in crystals that are scattered through the rocks or that form clus-
ters lining veins or cavities. These latter are generally filled in
with calcite or quartz.

GENERAL CHARACTERS OF THE NEw YORK PYROXENES.
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY.

The forms occurring are comparatively few in number, but the
combinations and their relative development of faces are, in most
instances, quite characteristic of the locality. These peculiarities
are mentioned under the detailed descriptions of the different
localities. The great majority of the specimens found only show
faces in the prismatic zone, owing to adverse conditions of
growth. Doubly terminated individuals are not uncommon but
they have not been observed from every locality.

ANNALS N. Y. AcAD. Scr., IX, May, 1896.—10.

134 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

The following faces have thus far been noted on the New York ~
Pyroxenes :

m(110) © P w (111)—P

f (310) © P3 s( 111) P

a(100) 0 Pw v (221)—2P

b(010) © P& o ( 221) 2P
¢(001) OP 4 (331) 3P
e(011) P A (311) 3P2
2 (021) 2P uw (121)—2P2
p(101) Po a (312)—3P3

Prisms. The unit prism m (110) is a very common face and is
almost invariably present. It may or may not exceed the ortho
and clino pinacoids in size. The ortho-prism (310) has only
been observed on one crystal from this state and that from the
Tilly Foster Iron Mine in Putnam Co. It has not been previ-
ously recorded from New York State, but is common on many
European pyroxenes.

Pinacoids. The ortho pinacoid a (100) and the clino pinacoid
6(010) are as common as the unit prisms, but show great varia-
tion in their development. When of equal size and greater de-
velopment than the prism the section of the crystal is square. A
greater development of one of the pinacoids gives the crystal a
tabular habit. Thus the white pyroxenes from Sing Sing, West-
chester Co., are nearly always tabular parallel to a while those
from St. Lawrence Co. are not uncommonly tabular parallel to 0b.
The basal pinacoid ¢ (001) is often seen on terminated crystals.
A basal parting may give the same appearance to the crystal.
The basal pinacoid face is generally rectangular in outline, but
this varies somewhat depending on the number of faces which in-
tersect it.

Domes. Two clinodomes and one orthodome occur. The latter
is the commonest of the three. It is rarely present without the
basal pinacoid and is generally smaller than it. A characteristic
exception to this rule is found in the augites from Mt. Adam,
Orange Co., and those from the Tilly Foster Iron Mine in Put-
nam Co. The two clinodomes e (011) and z (021) are generally
represented by small triangular faces. The dome z is rare, but
the dome e is quite a characteristic form on many augites from
the Highland Region of Orange Co.

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 135

Pyramids. Terminated crystals as a rule show the positive and
“negative unit pyramids and the positive pyramid 0 (221). The
latter is rarely present without the other two. The pyramid
v (221) israre and usually small when present. A notable excep-
tion to this is the white augite found in the dolomitic limestones
of Dutchess, Westchester and New York Counties. The 4 (311)
has only been observed on crystals from two localities, viz., Rus-
sell and De Kalb and the pyramid 2( 331) is even rarerand found
on crystals from Diana, Lewis Co., » (121) and a (312) have only
been noted on augite of Orange Co.

A curious inequality of development is shown by the diopsides
of DeKalb, on which one face of w(111) is often large, while the
other is so small as te appear absent.

The pyramid faces are often dull or even slightly rough, and
seamed with a series of longitudinal pits.

The accompanying table gives the distribution of the different
faces found on the New York pyroxenes.

TABLE GIVING OCCURRENCE OF CRYSTAL FORMS AT THE DIF-
FERENT LOCALITIES.

LOCALITY. al\ec\b\m|fle|ziuls|vi|o|A\A\ p\pula
prams? Wake. .. ccc. cevsccees |e | x | & * | * *
NITE EVE asec sce sisleis sis ee aloes % |e) He) x es a
‘Clavilevoyote] & G0 | Lea ee a Be | 5 |) Ss || 2s eS) 5 *
IN AMlOn sc levsis sais Givis oe Sa code % |X| x) % * x ee |} 28 2 {aes
MBNVeNTT APM eke circ), cehencle ela duis % | |x| % */) xe) x *| x
Gouverneur... .............06. se fer a Bef eo) fe
Greenwood Lake.............. oo || eo ho? es
Hammondville................ to || 2)]] 3" 8 %
Highlands of Hudson.......... So |) eo) ee || 3 aS
LUNGS Da Cr Belles alee (ae |
SNACOMMDS oo cicls . cis oa sob owe cals oe ||" |] 51 as
Monroe “Township....-:........ 28 |p Sah ep eS ea a * a
Mapural Bridge..:.-.-.......0.. ee he ae ea al ee %
BUPA O NVA Uma casiafoove elicvevaiorare oc ree |] eg eo) fas ee || es eS
IPA ee. oon mje csie 6 ee 6 e nyers s 2 | ee eo || 8 pa ee
MENDON a5 cc cece ccs cceseces: % | |e |
PSG RHE Ga oa eee ee eae ae | % |e | % a | 2S x a
BMMEBEVCHIY once ges acess es parle aes f alle A
SISSIGS) goo She oae Cee See Ba | ary og |e *3
SEAS CUM Est fhe cl cso ettea sore lavcie 0.0 ace oy 2 oes a cs
BOM OG lege a cscs oneness oe 3 || 29 |) ee |) oF 29 || 8 “
PRUVBOSFEL: 2o.c5 ce ccc e ence ao ea EN all arg ee | es oS ce
BIRTH CIES cslale vicisie Saeco tases 5 ee | oi) eo eal ee a ae [23

136 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

Cleavage. A well-developed prismatic cleavage is often pres-—
ent. Sometimes it is only apparent in thin sections, but at others —
is so pronounced as to cause the crystals to cleave easily. An
orthopinacoidal cleavage is said by A. R. Leeds to occur in the
pyroxenes of the Adirondack region (Ref. 34), but it is probably —
a parting.

‘Parting. There exist two pronounced partings due to twin-
ning, one parallel to the base, the other to the orthopinacoid.
The former is the more abundant and is seen on specimens from
nearly every locality.

Both show themselves on the surface by the existence of numer-
ous striz.

Twinning occurs after two laws, viz., parallel to the base and
orthopinacoid, the former being the most common. Usually the
only outward evidence of the fact is the striated surface referred
to in the preceding paragraph.

The twinning may be repeated, the alternate twin lamelle being
generally extremely thin. At times there is only one twinning
plane which; passes through the centre of the crystal, parallel to
the orthopinacoid, thus producing twice the number of faces of
the same symbol at one end of the individual.

A curious case of twinning is noted by Prof. G. H. Williams
on a erystal from Orange Co., in which the lower half of the
crystal alone is twinned. (Ref. 60.)

Perfectly fresh crystals do not generally show twinning.

Hemihedrism.—According to Prof. G. H. Williams this has been ~
shown to occur on crystals from two localities in New York State
(Ref. 62). One example is a crystal from Orange Co., which shows
planes of different forms grouped about opposite extremities of the
verticalaxis. From its occurrence on several crystals this inclined
hemihedrism seems to be not altogether rare. The Orange Co.
crystal shows ¢ (001), s (111), 0 (221),e (011) andw(111) at the
upper end and ¢ (001) and w (111) at the lower. Another crystal
from this same locality shows c (001), s (111,) 0 (221) and u (111)
above, and below the two halves of the crystal in twinning posi-
tion and with only 0 (221) and p(101.) The crystal was carefully
tested by Prof. Williams but showed no pyro-electricity. <A
second instance of hemihedrism is noted in a crystal from Grassy
Lake, St. Lawrence Co., with u(111,) s (111), 0 (221) at-one end
and p (101), ¢ (001), u (111), s(111) and o (221) at the other.

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 137

These crystals were first called by Prof. Williams hemimorphic,
but subsequently the term hemihedral was used by him.

OpTicAL PROPERTIES.

With the exception of an approximate determination of the ex-
tinction angles of the pyroxenes occurring in the igneous and
metamorphic rocks of New York State, the only optical determi-
nations which have been made are those by K. Zimanyi on De-
Kalb diopside (Ref. 64), and by C. Doelter on augite from Green-
wood Furnace. (Ref. 14.)

This may be due to the fact that New York does not abound in
fresh glassy crystals whose condition would be such as to en-
courage optical investigation.

Relation between the optical and chemical properties.

The researches of Wiik, Doelter and Herwig have already
been mentioned in the introductory portion of this paper, and in
order to determine how far the writer’s results agree with theirs
the following table was made, giving the extinction angle, and the
percentages of FeO, Fe,O, and Al,O3.

Sum
LOCALITY. eN\t FeO. Fe,O,. AJl,O3;. of Three.

uusselaweeeceeeeeees 37° 1.29 2.42 3.71
DeKalb............ 40° 1.12 n-A0 1.52
Sing Sing......... 40° .80 4.11 4.91
Port Henry....... 41° 1.80 1.32 3.12
Pitcairn ........... 41° 30’ 1.301 3.09 4.391
ID TAM He sees eaee eae 41° 30’ 8.63 .50 4.94 14.07
Greenw. Furn...42° 20’ 2.55 5.05 5.09 12.64
Warwick.......... 45° 15’ 6.86 .O7 5.82 13.25
Cheever........... 52° 15.98 3.00 7.49 27.00

An examination of the above table shows that the extinction
angle does not increase with the percentage of FeO, thus showing
a disagreement with Wiik’s results, although it should be added
that Wiik found several exceptions to his rule. Comparing the
extinction angles with the corresponding sum of the ferrous and
‘ferric iron gives no better results. If, however, the combined
percentages of FeO, Fe,O, and Al,O, be taken, a more regular
Series is obtained, the greatest variation being the pyroxene from
Russel. If, furthermore, those containing under 3% of Al,O, be
excluded from the list as belonging more properly to the diop.

Sea Oe
Pie iki

138 ‘The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

sides a still better series is obtained, but not a perfectly regular
one.
Indices of Refraction.

These were determined by the Kohlrausch method,* on speci-
mens from all localities furnishing sufficiently fresh material.
The measurements were made on polished surfaces, but the reflec-
tions afforded were often rather weak. For the sake of compari-
son the indices of refraction for yellow light are given below:

a p Y
ARUSSE ee ace eoseceectes sens 1.6626 1.6718 ~ 1.6940
leo Jo lGvaN 7 Gosesocnedenoode 1.6683 1.6730 1.6902
Dekalb iiisyet: soescecee: 1.6674 1.6745 1.6961
IDEIG HID) GSccosonneecoosancone 1.6749 1.6852 1.7013
Splines ISyhMke soegeocsjcodeenuoT 1.6778 1.6848 1.7025
JEANKEZ HUA) nooocogneeoconqeedons 1.6806 1.6843 1.7036
ADIAM As ceecscetsenessucesseeerss 1.6888 1.6932 1.7108

It will be seen that the index of the Russel diopside is the
lowest of the series, and lower in fact than any recorded in
Hintze’s Handbuch der Mineralogie, where a number of determi-
nations made on pyroxenes from various localities are given.

Axial Angles.—The axial angle is known to vary with the
chemical composition in the same manner as the extinction angle,
the increase of the angle with the corresponding increase of iron
and alumina does not seem to be as regular, however, as the en-
largement of the extinction angle, and also, the axial aiile does
not increase with the extinction angle.

The following table may serve to illustrate this fact :

CNG 2 Vna. Sum of FeO, Fe,O;, Al,O..
REISE lewccsecensconestae se 37° 58° 56” 3.71%
IDG Hl oy spnabodeosseeace 4q° 59° 30° 1.52%
Synoye> Sy ae eee goseaecasAeT 40° 10 59° 4.91%
Porbeblenmy ress: 41° 56° 30’ 3.12%
PUt@alUM es eeeace cscs ge: 41° 30’ 59° 40’ 4.391%
ND ey ofc es cose Aeqaeeaaaacnn 41° 30° 60° 40’ 14.07%

The same disagreement between the extinction angle and the
axial angle, is shown by the following measurements { of pyrox-
enes from other localities.

* Methylene iodide with index of 1.732 was used.

+ Determined by K. Zimanyi, see Ref. 60.
{ Hintze, Handbuch der Mineralogie, p. 1026-1029.

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 139

LOCALITY e/Ar 2 Vna
Diopside, Nordmarken.................05 38° 337 58° 52/
White pyroxene, Kussinsk, Ural...... 38° 34/ 58° 45’
Diopside, Schwarzenstein, Tyrol...... so Al 58° 56/
Green coccolite, Arendal ................. 40° 22/7 58° 38/
Schefferite, Langban. .................000 44° 2537 65° =3/
Diopside, Nordmarken.................... 44° 42/ 60° 287

ee SONGS Wagansthedose seers 45° 21/ 66° 44”
Hedenbergite, Tunaberg................. 47° 10/7 59° 52/7
Augite, FTASCAatl ........0.:.20scenseseeeons 54° 68°

MertuHop or Curtine Sections at RigHtT ANGLES TO THE ACUTE
BISsECTRIX.

In cutting sections of the crys-
tals for the purpose of measuring
the axial angle some difficulty was
at first experienced in getting the
section cut at just the desired
angle, as no saw for sectioning
brittle minerals in any desired
direction was at hand. The fol-
lowing method was devised and
on account of its simplicity and
the uniformly good results ob-
tained seems worthy of mention.

A frame of hard polished steel
-was made of the shape, shown in
the upper part of Fig 1. On the
clinopinacoidal face, or a ground
plane corresponding to it, there is
scratched a line representing the
trace of a plane normal to the
acute bisectrix. The crystal is then fastened in the frame with
a piece of wax so that the line coincides with the upper surface
of the frame, and plaster of paris poured in around it and allowed
to harden. The crystal is thus firmly embedded in the frame as
shown in the lower cut of the figure, and is ground down until
its surface is even with that of the steel frame. The crystal is
then removed, the ground surface polished and cemented to a
glass slip and the other end of the crystal ground down in the
usual way.

140 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

The section giving a perfectly symmetrical and satisfactory —
interference figure was obtained at every trial. The smallest —
crystal sectioned was three-eighths of an inch long and the same —
in width.

ETCHFIGURES.

Crystals of diopside from DeKalb and augite from Pitcairn,
showing smooth and bright faces, were treated with warm hydro-
fluoric acid for several minutes, and in both cases with the follow-
ing results: |

<<]
=<

a

™

On the prism face there was produced an acute angled triangle,
whose longer side was parallel, or very nearly so, to the edge
110/010. The acute angle always pointed towards the positive
hemipyramid, while the obtuse augle pointed towards the ortho-
pinacoid.

On the orthopinacoid the etchfigures were irregularly deltoid
in outline, with the lower end rounded, and the upper end always
drawn out into a point which was towards the negative hemi-
pyramid.

Somewhat irregular figures were produced on the clinopinacoid,

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 14]

but those which far exceeded all the others in numbers were rec-
tangles, whose longer side made an angle of 25°, with the edge
010 /\110. Theupper sides of these rectangles are parallel to the
intersection of 010 and O11.

A triangular figure was produced on the negative unit pyramid
face, whose acute angle pointed toward the edge 111/\111. The
base of the triangle made an angle of 15°, with the edge 111/\110.

Very unsatisfactory figures were obtained on the basal pina-
coid. The majority were squares whose sides were respectively
parallel and perpendicular to the plane of the orthopinacoid.
There were also a few pits whose outline was closely that of an
equilateral triangle.

The results noted above agree very closely with those obtained
by Wulfing* on diopsides from Ala.,; and by Greim}. Greim
states that the triangular pits were sometimes truncated by a
fourth plane, but this was not noticed by the writer on any of
the crystals etched by him.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION.

As previously stated pyroxene is divided into several varieties
of definite theoretical composition. It rarely happens that the
analysis when calculated out gives a formula which corresponds
exactly to any of these, but instead, the pyroxene is found to
consist approximately of an isomorphous mixture of several
metasilicates.

Rammelsberg { put forth the theory that in aluminous pyrox-
enes, the ferric iron and alumina were present as sesquioxide and
mixed with the normal metasilicates, thus giving the general

formula n R Si0,+R,O,, while the pyroxenes with no alumina
were simple mixtures of isomorphous silicates.

Tschermak § subsequently showed that in many cases in the
alumina free augites Ca=Mg-+Fe, while in the aluminous ones
Ca<Me+Fe.

The writer has attempted in each case to calculate the mixture
of metasilicates present. (See detailed accounts of localities).

*Beitrige zur Kenntness der Pyroxenfamilie in Chemischer und Optischer
Beziebung.-—Heidelberg, 1891.

{Neues Jahrbuch ftir Mineralogie, 1889, p. 252.

t Zeitschr. d. d. geol. Ges., 1876, p. 496.

% Min. Mittheil., 1871, p. 17-46,

142 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

This was sometimes possible, but at other times the result was ©
not exact, due perhaps to impurities or a slight error in the
analysis. In all the analyses made by the writer the material
was finely powdered and then treated with a magney and after-—
wards with a specific gravity solution.

An examination of the formule calculated shows the presence
not uncommonly, of the wollastonite or orthorhombic pyroxene
molecule. There also remains at times an amount of SiO,.

The analyses further indicate that Tschermak’s theory of the
relation between Al,O, and the oxides of Ca, Mg and Fe holds ©
good in the case of only about one-half of the New York
pyroxenes analyzed, as will be seen from the following table:

ALUMINOUS PYROXENES.

Ca. Mg-+-Fe. LOCALITY.
-4041 > 13.9 Oly maemermcsaasaenameanene Cascadeville.
4278 2 SOQ eee cele aeeseoane Diana
.386 > TGA aceemeniatenacconeeteee Keene
OL. < AITO) sonae cH SddceaneencandercaG a
.3353 << RAD BOM uenennate sumeueeceane Mt. Marcy.
.3825 < FAG Rt ove tasctucomemassenee Pitcairn.

.309 < aS enon SoOneb arene cance maaees Pt. Henry
.4166 > XO} )e AGE aban bpeccdaadccsancs Rogers Rock
-4107 > SO Dest naamunen dosemeters as
.368 << PADD cing sae ccins saenaeaaaeres Greenwood Furnace.
277, Ss Fal (oko RGB AB ROH REECE CREE Rosetown.
.480 > SOMO saa eee ee ante Warwick.

.458 = VOODOO A Tacceweasee eect eee Edenville.
4432 > FANS OS acsa acon cette teene Sing Sing.
.o75 > BRHa IS moaparoncodcoddensintobde West Point.
.345 a PAY enacts tec ewes Seaaecene Willsborough.
.394 <G VANION Siete acetate esas Edenville.

ALTERATION PRODUCTS.

Uralitization is the almost universal method of alteration. It
begins with the appearance of a fibrous structure on the surface
of the crystal, especially the prism faces, and gradually extends
through the entire individual. This change is well shown in the
pyroxenes of Russel and Pierrepont. The white varieties alter to
tremolite, as shown by the white pyroxenes of Kingsbridge and
Sing Sing. .

These paramorphs of hornblende after pyroxenes are well shown
in the gabbros of the Cortlandt Series near Peekskill, where there

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 143

is a direct change to compact black hornblende. Prof. Williams
has stated that the tendency of the pyroxene molecule to assume
the form of hornblende is sufficient to affect a complete change in
the crystalline structure, but if ‘“‘some external agency could be
introduced, which would render the molecules more or less mobile
without increasing the temperature to a point where the augitic
mode of arrangement is more stable than the hornblende, it will
be readily seen that they must assume the form best in accord-
ance with the lower temperature.” He also thinks that just such
an external agency as this would be furnished by the pressure to
which the rocks are subjected in mountain making (Ref. 59).

A second and not uncommon alteration product is serpentine.
This change is well shown in the ophicalcites of Warren and Essex
Counties. The serpentine grains show a core of unaltered py-
roxene, and all stages in the transition may be seen. The com-
position of the serpentine and pyroxene are given below (Ref. 38).

Pyroxene. Serpentine.

Si@eeeeereeek esi, Liye 55.26 42.17
BAUTY Oheaieee seh tha 2 RaNesR 22 .30
10{S (ORME: SeR Une en te £22 1.57
COR meats et em rech uasiees Da .64
NTs OPnL Saba Ask aagusaeees 19.53 41.33
CWAOM ss omee to hoseeasa ss 24.48
MT Oeste toa scemccn sean: tr tr
Eve Oe ens Sra Seat 13.72

100.28 99.73

As will be seen from the above analyses, the change consists in
the assumption of water and the loss of lime, which crystallizes
out as calcite.

_ Chlorite has been observed as aresult of the alteration of augite
in a few instances (Ref. 15, 48, 49).

Pink garnet frequently appears to result from the alteration of
the augites in the Adirondack gabbros (Ref. 29). The two min-
erals occur in very close association, and the same cracks often
traverse both. The following is an analysis of the pyroxene and
the garnet :

Pyroxene. Garnet.
Suse retiiice toi anaeemes 56.00 43.38
CO Reascu ne esanctects coe tieacete AOR Tice cmb mi hai eyesias

144 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

Pyroxene. Garnet.

IM On Siiivz tesst<ccsaeneet ss 5.23 10.50
les Os ascent omescencans de eees 4.70 17.08
UIE O rs cana seSorocbapcenapeoenoonb 8.44 5.05
IMO} Sess ces ceaeewesseuseeeenes -70
UNM hist aaaansodpenauasoneadcn .00
Loss on Ignition............ -20

99.32

Blum (Ref. 3) has described the alteration of pyroxene to mica
in the augites from Monroe Township, Orange county. The
sides of the crystals are almost entirely covered with brown mica
(clintonite), which is the same color as the augite. The mica.
plates have their cleavages in approximately parallel position. In
one crystal only a core of the augite remained.

DETAILED ACCOUNT OF PYROXENE LOCALITIES.
Augites.

For convenience the occurrences are divided into the Adiron-
dack Area and the Highland Region, under each of which heads.
the localities are arranged alphabetically.

I. Tort ADIRONDACK AREA.

Adams Lake.—The writer feels some hesitation in describing
this locality under the heading of New York State, for while
there are a number of specimens in the Columbia University col-
lection whlch are labeled “Adams Lake, N. Y.,” there is also a.
crystal exactly like the others labeled ‘““Adams Lake, Can.,” and
Iam informed by Prof. F. D. Adams that there is a Canadian
locality of this name, which is a bay of Lake Rideau, in lots 2, 3,
4 and 5, Ranges V and VI, N. Burgess township, Ontario.

The crystals are light green and 14 inches long, with smooth
faces which are bright in places, but also show some uralite.
They are all doubly terminated. The combination of forms.
present in all is a@(100), b(010), m(110), wu (111), s (111), 0 21),
c(001) and p(101). (PI. XVI, Fig. 7.) The dome z (021) may
occur. Both basal and orthopinacoidal partings are present.

Bonaparte Lake, Lewis Co.—There is one crystal in the collec-
tion of Columbia University which is said to come from this.
locality. It is exactly like those described from Adams Lake.

Cascadeville, Essex Co.—Granular pyroxene in a calcite vein
is found on the mountain side above Long Pond, opposite the

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 145

hotel. The grains are rounded, transparent, of a light green
color and many have a strong basal parting. No faces were
found on them. An analysis of this material showed :

Per cent. Ratio. Prop. parts.
SEO A Ba eee ria 54.63 9105 ~ 22
UNE Os eamece icine te eincsn see 5.26 .0513 il
COP saeseinaeae st eatees 3.00 .0416 1
CAO Mecanecusucdesnacauces 22.63 4041 10
INI O wre ty. Cobol 14.18 3545 9
99.66

The above analysis gives the formula Mg,Ca,,Fe,A1,Si,.0,,,
which may be considered as made up of FeSi,O,, CaAl,SiO,,
Mg,Ca,Si,,0;;. The latter corresponds closely to the diopside
molecule MgCaSi,O,.

According to Beck (Ref. 2, 289),* green pyroxene crystals
occur at this locality which show the combination a (100), 0(010),
m (110), ¢(001), p (101), 0(221), (111), and w(11l1). At the
same place there is found a yellowish green or emerald green cocco-
lite, which is translucent to semi-transparent. It is associated
with grains of jet black pyroxene. The former is probably simi-
lar to the greenish granular pyroxenes in calcite from this locality
in the collection of the New York State Museum.

DeLong’s Mill.—Pyroxene of a dark color occurs in Hammond
Township near DeLong’s Mill (Ref. 2, p. 295), together with
zircon, feldspar and apatite. The forms noted on it are a(100),
6(010),m (110), and w(111). A grayish white and green variety,
with a strong prismatic cleavage and pronounced basal parting,
also occurs. A very incomplete analysis of it is given by Beck.

Diana, Lewis County.—There is an excellent section of a con-
tact zone exposed on Ashmore’s farm, near Natural Bridge. It
_ is along the contact of the anorthosite and limestone, and is about
two feet wide. The mineralogical structure of it is as follows:

There is next to the gabbro and shading into it a layer containing
abundant wollastonite. Next to this and towards the limestone
isa second, though not sharply defined layer, containing a mix-
ture of feldspar, scapolite, sphene and zircon. There then follows
calcite with much pyroxene, and then coarse granular calcite,

*The Long Pond mentioned by Emmons (Geol. N. Y., 1837, p. 31) is the
same locality as Cascadeyille.

146 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

which passes into the normal limestone. The pyroxene in the
limestone at the contact often shows well developed crystals. —
Graphite is common in the limestone.
The augite crystals from Diana are generally black or greenish
black, and in section green. They have smooth, but dull faces.
Doubly terminated specimens are not rare, and a basal parting is
nearly always present. The ordinary combination of forms is
a (100), b(010), m (110), uw (111), s (111), 0 ( 221) and 2 (021), (Pl.
XVI., Fig. 6). Other combinations observed on crystals from this
locality in the Columbia University, School of Mines collection
are m (110),b (010), ¢ (001), w (111), o( 221) and s( 111); a (100),
and 6b (010) broad, m (110) narrow, c (001) broad, e (011) narrow,
and w (111) small, (Pl. XVI., Fig. 1). The latter resembles the
common Orange County form. A strong prismatic cleavage is
sometimes present, and the crystals often reach a large size one
in the School of Mines collection being five inches long, three inches
thick, and with the forms a(100),0(010), m(110), ¢ (001), and:
0( 221). It closely resembles the dark green augite from Russel.
The following combinations of forms from Diana are noted by
L. C. Beck (Ref. 2) m(110), 0( 221), v (221); a(100), m (110),
0 (221); a (100), (010), m(110), 0( 221); a (100), b (010), m (110),
e(001), w(111), (111); and a@ (100), m(110), e (011), v (221).
There is in the Root collection at Hamilton College, a light
green crystal from Diana which has the forms a(100). 6(010),
m (110), p (101), 0( 221), and 2(331). (Pl. XV., Fig. 8). The
crystal is twinned many times parallel to ¢(011), and once par-
allel to a (100), the twinning plane dividing it symmetrically.
The similarity of this twin to those of fassaite from Monzoni in
the Tyrol has been pointed out by G. v. Rath, (Ref. 41).
An analysis of the common dark green pyroxene from Diana gave

Per cent. Ratio. Prop. parts.
BiOs ieccsorsnsaae cnc: 53.97 .8995 290
HE Oia. aeherencenueeee 8.63 .1198 39
Ca@iae Riots ce sceeeaee 23.96 4278 133
MIO Ds OAS Ss waaretes 7.32 .1830 60
BAGS OF eerricteactirsap essence 4,94 .0482 15
JES Oe aes 0.50 .0031 1
. 99.33

Sp. Gr. 3.36

This gives Ca,3,Mg,4,Fe3, Fe. AlgoSicg9 sso

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 147

or 39 (CaFeSi,O, )
15 ( Al,Si,0,)
60 (CaMgSi,O,)
CaF e,SiO,
33 (CaSiO; )

leaving Si,.O.,,, which is approximately SiO,.

ck 41° 30/
1.6888
1.6932
y 1.7108
y—a .022
2QW* 79° 277
QV 60° 407

mR ©

Gouverneur, St. Lawrence Co.—-Bright gray and dark green
pyroxene occurs associated with hornblende in the limestone one
mile southeast of Gouverneur (Ref. 2, p. 295). A flat crystal
tabular parallel to 6(010) is figured by Prof. 8. L. Penfield in
Dana’s System of Mineralogy, 1893. The forms on it are a (100),
6(010), m (110), ¢(001), w (111), v (221) and A (811).

Augite in rounded masses and with an extinction angle of 40°
occurs in the schist nnderlying the limestones at Gouverneur.
In the gneisses the pyroxene in section is pale and colorless and
has-an extinction of 45°. It shows a certain amount of alteration
to chlorite, but changes mostly to uralite. Pyroxenic phases of
the limestone are not uncommon, the latter containing colorless
grains of pyroxene with a high extinction angle (Ref. 48).

The dark green crystals which the writer has seen from this
locality are usually of prismatic habit and without terminations.
One form in the Collection of the School of Mines, Columbia
University, shows a (100), 0(010), c(001), with u(111), and
s(111), very small (Pl. XIV., Fig. 4). A white and much decom-
posed crystal in the same collection has the planes a(100),
6(010), m (110), ¢ (001), and w(111). (Pl. XVLI., Fig 4).

Hammondville, Hssex Co.—There is a small black crystal with
smooth dull faces from this locality in the collection of Cornell
University. (Pl. XIV., Fig. 1). The planes noted on it are
~m (110), and 6(010) broad, a (100) narrow, and the terminal faces
are c (001), and s(111). The crystal is a very well formed one
considering its occurrence with magnetite. The sp. gr. is 3.5.

Black pyroxene associated with magnetite occurs on the shore

*2W =in HO.

148 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

of Crag Harbor near Port Henry, and is said to occur in regular

grains and imperfect crystals, (Ref. 21).

Keene, Essex Co.—Black pyroxene in calcite is found at the

Weston Mine two miles southwest of Keene. The mineral occurs

intermixed with the ore, and also in streaks along the edges of |

|

the ore bed. When surrounded by calcite the pyroxene often
develops well bounded crystals, the ordinary form being a@(100),
6(010), m (110), and ¢(001). One small crystal had the combina.
tion a (100), b(010), m (110), s( 110), and 0( 221). (Pl. XVL., Fig
2). Most of the crystals are decomposed and in section some-
times show an abundant deposition of magnetite grains along the

cleavage lines. In section the augite is slightly pleochroic, the

colors being green to yellow. It also exhibits an intimate asso-
ciation with garnet, which may perhaps be an alternation product
of it. (Ref. 26).

An analysis of the fresher portion of the material gave

Percentage. Ratio. Prop. parts.

SiO Sa Rae reheat eat cena 56.00 .933 32
BiEO! occa baer tos aes 2.40 03 1
CAO WP oat aecbe eer sent 21.63 386 13
MOO eerie aeaouce ceete 5 23 1307 5
I OLN nian MCA ds 4.70 029 1
INTO RSA Le Gasehenieaetee tees 8.44 082 3
A lkalliies oie a eseeeeay .50

MeTMATOTIL, 5 ssSocsgancooseone 20

99.10 .

Sp. Gr. 3.5
From the above we obtain the formula Oa,,Mg,Fe,Fe,Al,
Si,,.0,;, which is resolvable into
5 (CaMgSi,0,)
CaF eSi,0,
3 (CaAl,SiO,)
CaFe,Si0,
leaving Si,,0,,, which is approximately SiO,.
Keene, Essex Co.—Dark green prismatic grains of augite are
abundant in the limestone near Keene. Their composition is

Percentage. Ratio. Prop. Parts.
SiOf sae Wenctecunavinses 56.14 -935 467
JOS 0s aadneeesannemanraoere 2.85 .039 19
es On sceniwauvecncnsescains 238 .002 1
PEAT SOS Reetieaeee, hs eae 8.19 .080 40
CHOn eae ce 17.79. eeeST 150
INGO) Anco panesaceeancoasone 13.67 .34 170

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 149

_ Lyon Mountain, Clinton Co.—The Bostonite dikes near Lyon
_ Mountain contain augite associated with plagioclase and olivine.
The augite occurs in irregular grains or idiomorphic crystals,
showing a(100), 0(010), and m (110). -It is usually of a rose tint
and shows slight pleochroism. The large, well-formed crystals
show a decomposed granular core, and alteration to chlorite is not
uncommon. The extinction is about 45° (Ref. 15).
_ Mi. Marcy, Essex Co.—Diallage is said to occur in broadly
foliated dark green masses in the gabbros of Mt. Marcy (Ref. 30).
_ The composition of it is

Per cent. _ Ratio. Prop. parts.
SH0)y RAS Sanda 46.28 7811 56
TOLER eee 59
EO Meee aeccesmapexes ccs 14.80 .2055 15
(CRYO aes serene ee hres 18.78 -3300 24
IMs 0) BindecanopeBesasacos 8.91 AP aZITl 16
BekOse ohio tet 2.21 . .0138 1
IST 0 aS aN ie 7.38 .0720 5
BAGO ry, Shee stakes a 1.115

100.065.

Sp. Gr. 3.386
This calculated, gives the formula.
Cay MgigFeysFe, Al oSis60175

This can not be resolved into a mixture of isomorphous sili
cates, and it seems therefore more reasonable to consider the
ferric iron and alumina to be present as oxides, and we therefore

get
Cap,MgigF e);8i;,0 16; +Fe,0;+-5A1,05.

The pyroxene formula can then be resolved into the following

metasilicates :
15 (CaFeSi,0,)
9 (CaMgSi,0,)
_ 7 (MgSiO, )

Natural Bridge, Lewis County.—The pyroxenes from this
locality are generally embedded in calcite. As Natural Bridge
lies almost on the boundary line between Lewis and Diana Town-
ships, it is probable that many of the crystals labeled ‘‘ Diana”

come from the former locality.
A number of augite crystals were collected by the writer at

ANNALS N. Y. AcAD. Scr., IX, May, 1896.—11

150 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

Natural Bridge, but none of them showed any good terminal —
faces. The fice’ of the prismatic zone were usually easily recog-
nizable and smooth. The crystals are dark green to black. Only
three specimens have been found in the collections examined,
which were labeled as having come from this locality. One is a
group of grayish black crystals in the collection of Hamilton
College, showing the forms a (100), }(010) narrow, m (110) large,
u (111), 0 (221) and s(111) small. (Pl. XV, Fig. 9.) The pyra-
mid faces are etched with longitudinal interrupted ’ striations,
those on u(111) being parallel to a (100), while those on 0 (221)
are parallel to )(010). The other two specimens above mentioned
are single crystals in the collection of Columbia University,
School of Mines. They are black with a greenish coating, and
doubly terminated. The combination of forms noted on both is
a (100) and 6(010) very narrow, m(110) large, u (111), s (111),
0 (221) and z (021) very small. These crystals are very like the
form usually labeled as having come from Diana.

Oxbow, Jefferson Co.—Pyroxene occurs on the shore of Vroo-
man’s Lake (Ref. 2, p. 290), near Oxbow. lt is of a green color
and associated with crystallized mica. The forms recorded are
a (100), 6(010) narrow, m(110) broad, ¢ (001), and s (111). The
only specimen which the writer has seen from this locality is in
the Root Collection at Hamilton College. The crystals are simi-
lar to those described by Beck and show the planes oy
b (010), m (110), w (111), s (111), and o (221). .

Pitcairn, St. Lawrence Co.—The green augites from this lo-
eality have bright prismatic faces and striated terminal ones.
The crystals occur singly or in clusters and are invariably inter-
grown with microcline and albite.* A prismatic cleavage and
basal parting are generally present, though the former is only
seen in thin sections. The crystals are mostly two to three
inches long and about an inch thick. Doubly terminated indi-
viduals are not rare, and a common habit is a flattening parallel
to 6 (010). The terminal faces are always covered with inter-
_rupied striz. The most general combination of forms is a (100),
b(010), m (110), w (111), s(111), and 0 (221) (Pl. XIII, Fig. 7). The
basal pinacoid c (001) is not uncommon, and p(101) was noticed
on one specimen in the Columbia University collection. Another

*L. M. Luquer, School of Mines Quarterly, XIV, p. 328.

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 151

~ combination of forms is m (110), b (010), ¢ (001), u (111), 0(221),
Seand s(111).

A second variety in the same collection is a cluster of very
small glassy crystals of a grayish white color. They are 4-4 in.
ee long, with the ends rounded, but the faces in the prismatic zone
are a(100), m(110), (010). An analysis of the common green

variety gave:
Percentage. Ratio. : Prop. parts.

SOM ae. oc sotencn ane 54.57 .9061 50
CON niecceteicachvoetsesss 1.301 .018 il
CaO veeideseceits Seseeeteese 21.42 .3820 21
WO peat sek sass eincicelsnntise 18.56 464 26
INI Oy cedonescanondeaesenac 3.09 .0302 2
JAM ANTES Paececestescicr ene 40
WomibYOMUseese sens sees 15

99.39

From the above we obtain the formula
Cay MgygFe, AlSi59O154, Or (Ca,; Fe, Al,) MgygSis 90454.

This is close to diopside in composition but, on account of the
high percentage of alumina is placed under augite.
Sp. Gr. 3.20.

C:¢ 41° 307
Na.
a 1.6806
p 1.6843
yk: 1.7036
y—a .0230
Sst isl Giz
2V 59° 40/7

Port Henry, Essex County.—Pyroxene of a jet black color
occurs in close association with the magnetite at this locality.
Massive and granular specimens are not uncommon, but crystals
are rare. There is a fine group of crystals in the collection of
Prof. Kemp, which were found in the Cheever mine at Mineville,
four miles northwest of Port Henry. The pyroxene is associated
with granular magnetite and labradorite, and occurs on the edge
of the orebody. When it is intergrown with the magnetite it
shows no crystal faces, but when surrounded by the feldspar well
developed ones occur. The crystals (Pl. XIV, Fig. 8) are about
half an inch long and nearly the same thickness. In the pris-

~ YY

152 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

matic zone are a (100), b (010) and m (110) equally developed, but —
the latter may become so narrow as to give the crystal a square
appearance. The terminal faces are u(111) and s (111), the latter
often so extended as intersect the front prism faces. A basal
parting is sometimes present as well as a lamellar structure. The
crystals have smooth but dull faces and are emerald green in the
thinnest sections. They show a strong pleochroism. C:¢ is 52°
and the specific gravity is 3.60.

A section thin enough to measure the angle of the optic axes
could not be obtained, as the material is so opaque, nor could any
determinations be made of the indices of refraction by the Kohl-
rausch method, even with using phenylsulphide.

The composition of this black augite is:

Percentage. Ratio. Prop. parts.
IOS eesss Soabeaee esac ce 49.12 .8186 37
ME Oss ounces asta anes 15.98 .2220 : 10
CaO re eciaccapatiwsiseeniess 17.30 .309 14
IN y Oh pe ae iat Ai nee 6.06 .151 7
Ble) tee dest anccedas 3.53 .0220 1
TATE O ean ted edwin 7.49 .0731 4
99.48

Sp. Gr. 3.60.

From this analysis we obtain the formula Ca, ,Mg,Fe,, Fe, Al;,-
Sige On nol
4 (CaMgSi,0,)
10 (CaF eSi,0,)
2 (MgAl,SiO,)
MgFe,si0,

leaving Si,O,;, which is approximately SiO,

_ Rogers Rock, Essex Co.—A greenish gray variety of augite of
slender prismatic form with the planes a, b and sometimes m is
found at this locality (Ref. 2). One specimen was 7-8 inches
long and of proportionate diameter. The crystals which are
rarely well formed are associated with feldspar and titanite. They
are sometimes intergrown with the latter.

An analysis of this augite by Seybert (Ref. 45) gave

Percentage. Ratio. Prop. parts.
DLO) teces nde seoboccmeee woe 52.66 .8676 14
EO ce seesce ee aoe atest 12.30 .1708 Sur
(ORO) en eneeeepoaodccossnan 23.33 .4166 7

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 153

Percentage. Ratio. Prop. parts.
IME O ooodecSqesuocdendanos 5.73 .0932 2
PAU ROS rioucsddens owes os 6.66 .065 1
EON eee aera, 33
IMGT Os Bcusaneaeseemiades tr
101.01

This gives Ca,Mg,Fe,A1,Si,,0,3 or approimately
3 (CaF eSi,Og)
2 (CaMgSi,0,)
CaAl,Si0,
CaSi0,
A brown and black granular pyroxene is associated with the
erystallized material and the composition of this as analyzed by
the same author was found to be

Percentage. Ratio. Prop. parts.

SiO sca seers aes 51.00 85 22
TCO breton cwestesisne ies ets sa 14.43 20 7
CAO Maer cseceeedsrne ees 23.00 4107 10
Ie OGL bscccar se 6.26 1545 5
INTRO Ae i ose a 3.00 0293 1
TEENO SR aon es aan .66
Mi O Perot conse ceiiar tera tr

98.35

_ This gives Ca,,Mg;Fe,Al,Si,,0,, or approximately

7 (CaFeSi,0, )

3 (MgCaSi,O,)
MgAl,SiO,
MgSi0O,

Rossie, St. Lawrence Co.—Most of the individuals from this lo-
cality are large green crystals, with smooth dull faces and glassy
interior. Those specimens in the collections of Columbia Univer-
sity have evidently come from a veir in the anorthosite at its con-
tact with the limestone. Most of the crystals exhibit the com-
mon basal parting, and the combination of faces observed on allis
a@ (100), B(010), m (110), wu (111), 0 ( 221), and s( 111); ¢ (001), also
occurs on some. One figured by Prof. Penfield in Dana’s System
of Mineralogy shows a (100), b (010), m (110), wu (111) and o (221).
CEI EVI, Fie. 5).

Prof. G. H. Williams has described a crystal of pyroxene col-
lected at Grassy Lake near Rossie, (Ref. 58), and which is now

154 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

in the collection of the National Museum at Washington. Itis —

33 inches long, and perfectly formed. The interesting feature
about it is the hemihedral distribution of the planes. At the
upper end are the planes wu (111) very large, s( 111) and 0 (221),
at the lower end p(101), ¢(001), w(111) small, s(111) and
0( 221). In the prismatic zone are a (100), (010), m(110). On
Pl, XIV., Fig. 2 there is given a drawing of this crystal copied
from Prof. William’s paper.

Russel, St. Lawrence Co.—Many of the forms from Russel are
stout greenish black often doubly terminated individuals, of vari-
able size. They have moderately smooth prismatic faces, but
much pitted terminal ones. The ordinary combination of planes
is a (100), (010), m(110), p (101) and u(111) (Pl. XV., Fig. 7);
0 (221), was seen on one specimen. This same form of crystal is
sometimes labeled Pierrepont. A parting parallel to a(100) and
c (001) is present. One form in the Columbia University collec-
tion is very flat parallel to b(010) and shows only the planes
6(010) and m (110). (Pl. XIII., Fig. 3). It is much decomposed.

Thousand Islands.—Many of the diabase dikes of these islands
contain augite, which in section is of a brownish pink color,
with faint pleochroism. The prismatic cleavage is pronounced
and twinning abundant. The augite alters to pale green chlorite
or toa yellowish brown aggregate resembling serpentine. (Ref. 50.)

Chilson Hill, Ticonderoga, Essex Co.—The rock at this locality
is a gneiss containing much calcite. The minerals found in the
former are scapolite, quartz, graphite, apatite, titanite and pyrox-
ene. These latter which have been described by F. L. Nason
(Ref. 39), are peculiar on account of the large size of the crystals,
and the inclusions which they carry. Two specimens in the col-
lection of the New York State Museum at Albany are said to be
the largest ever found in the State and perhaps in the world.
The larger of the two measures 36 inches in circumference and is
18 inches long, and weighs over 100 pounds, while the second is
18 inches in circumference and 12 inches long. The faces present
are @ (100), 6 (010) and m (110), all equally developed. There are
no terminal faces, the flat ends of the crystals being due to part-
ing planes. The crystals are commonly lamellar and badly
decomposed, and the faces are roughened by numerous small in-
terrupted strie. Calcite often penetrates the crystals and to-
gether with quartz often forms rounded included masses. Graph-

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 155

ite is also a common associate and scales of it deeply penetrate
the crystals.

The gabbros of the eastern Adirondacks contain a green augite
_ in great abundance. Deep pink garnets occur in close associa-
tion with it and the same cracks often traverse both minerals.
_ As has been already mentioned the garnet is probably an alterna-
tion product. Reaction rims of hornblende around the augite
often separate it from the feldspar. (Ref. 29). Interstitial allo-
triomorphic augite occurs in the diabase dikes, south of Port
Kent, Essex Co., (Ref. 24), and also in the diabase, lamprophyre
and camptonite dikes of Willsboro and Essex township of Essex
Co., (Ref. 54).

2. THe HIGHLAND AREA.

Bradley Mines, Monroe Township, Orange Co.—These mines
are about three miles northeast of Arden. The bed of mag-
‘netite is cut by a diorite and porphyry dike. Associated with
the ore are large quantities of calcite enclosing crystals of mag-
netite, apatite, augite and titanite, as well as some pyrrhotite.
The augite is in granular masses or in short, stout crystals of a
dark green color. They all show the planes a(100), 0(010),
and m(110) in the prismatic zone, but the terminal faces are
too rounded to admit of positive identification.

Coldspring, Putnam Co.—Beck (Ref. 2, p. 294) states the oc-
currence of pyroxene at this locality, but gives no further infor-
mation about it.

Greenwood Furnace, Orange Co.—This is another indefinite
locality. There are no mines or mineral localities at the former
site of Greenwood Furnace, now called Arden, and most of the
ore used was obtained from the Oneil Mine, which has furnished
an abundance and variety of mineralogical specimens in past
years, so that the crystals labeled Greenwood Furnace very prob-
ably came from there. There is also a possibility of their having
come from the Bradley Mines, in Woodbury Township, about
three miles northeast of the old Greenwood Furnace.

- Beck (Ref. 2) states, however, that pyroxene associated with
crystallized mica has been found one-half mile east of Greenwood
Furnace. It is green, gray-green and ash-gray. The combina-
tion of forms are a(100), m(110), e(011); a(100), m(110),
€(011), ¢(001) ; a (100), 6 (010), m (110), ¢ (001); a (100), 0 (010),

156 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

e (011), ¢(001), »(101). ‘One crystal found was 6 in. — and 10°
in. in circumference.

There are a number of specimens in the collection of the New
York State Museum which have the usual habit of Orange County
crystals, with the faces a(100), 6(010), m(110), c(001), and
e (011).

The specimens in the Columbia University collection are short,
stout greenish black crystals, of the combination a (100), 6 (010),
m (110), ¢(001), and s(111). One fresh piece was found which in
section gave an extinction of 42°40’. This is very close to that
recorded by Doelter er 14). The color in section was light
green. :

Doelter has described some augites from Greenwood Furnace
(Ref, 14), in which the extinction on b(010) was 42° 20’ and on
m (110) 31° 50’. The crystals were prismatic individuals with
their faces somewhat roughened by alteration, but the light green
interior portion of them was perfectly fresh. The composition of
this latter portion was:

SiO prccdecalacttsaed sce ade este waeawesodeeccaensa co tes aeaeees 49.18
FCO) tide estes sevdwosieiate antadeaaeeaneeueete cee cteenenecteees 2.55
CaO i catiess vesicle caeued bide ead seeuecae ert ned eee 20.62
DES Oi a ssasaabiu oncelanacaoe de acetic unaeease- teem seen 16.83
Gs Og: ieee easei alive e een Wav eguue ee aecene ea aa eam 5.05
TSO Bea ccdew be tase htc taa tine wae MLA ae sao 5.09

99.52

Sp. Gr. 3.295.

The above calculated gives a formula Si,,Ca,,Mg,,Al,Fe,
Fe,0,5,5, which Doelter considers as consisting of the following

silicates :

19 (MgO, CaO, 2 SiO,)

2(CaO, FeO; 2 Si0,)

2 (Fe,0,, MgO, SiO.)

3(Al,0,, MgO, SiO,)
He then points out that Ca:Me:Fe:: .368: .420: .035 or as
11.5:12:1, hence Ca<Mg+Fe, as he claims is the case with
augites.

Highland Township, Orange Co.—Granular pyroxene is not

uncommon around many of the small ore bodies found in the

township.
There is one specimen of granular augite in the Columbia

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 157

- University collection, from West Point. The exact location is
unknown. It very closely resembles that found with the ore
near the Weston mine in Essex County.

_ Highlands, Putnam Co.—Pyroxene occurs associated with
~ amphibole and titanite at the pyrite mines on the east side of
_Anthony’s nose. The writer found one large decomposed crystal,
_ with prismatic faces and a lamellar structure caused by basal
parting.

A large stout augite crystal, much decomposed and bearing the
_ label “‘ Highlands of the Hudson,” is in the Cornell University
collection. It has the common habit of Orange county crystals,
. with the combination of forms a(100), b(010), m (110), ¢ (001)
and e(011), (Pl. XIV, Fig. 5). Attached to it are several smaller
a ones with the planes s (111) and w (111).

A fine black doubly terminated crystal of the form shown in
Pl. XV, Fig. 3, and labeled “ Orange Co.,” is in the Williams
College collection.

Monroe Township, Orange Co.—It is unfortunate that the
term Monroe on many pyroxene labels indicates nothing more
definite than Monroe township, for there are several localities
within the township where pyroxene occurs, and when the term is
found on labels of specimens which were collected over five years
ago, it may also refer to localities within the townships of Tuxedo
and Woodbury, which were formerly included in Monroe town-
_ ship. In the present township the two localities which have
_ furnished most of the pyroxene specimens are the Oneil and the

Clove Iron mines, both southeast of Monroe village.

The majority of the pyroxene crystals which the writer has
seen from this township are large black or greenish black indi-
viduals, with dull roughened faces and more or less decomposed.
One of the best specimens is in the collection of Cornell Uni-
versity. Itis a black doubly terminated crystal, about 14 in-
long, and 2 in. thick. The faces present are a(100), 6(010),
m (110), w (111), s (111), o (221) and p(101) (Pl. XIII, Fig. 2).
The faces in the prism zone have an almost submetallic lustre
and are striated with lines parallel to the base, which probably
represent parting planes.

Another group of black crystals in the same collection shows
the forms a (100), 6(010), m (110), c(001) and e(011). (PI. III,

Fig. 3). This combination is a very common one in Orange

158 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

county. The crystals of this group vary in length from a frac- —
tion of an inch to several inches. The base is often very narrow. —
Still another specimen from Monroe township in the same collec- —
tion shows the combination a (100), 6(010), m(110), w(111).
(111), 0( 221) and z (021), the latter very small, (Pl. XIII.,
Hig.'d).

There is in the Columbia University collection a single crystal
from Monroe township. It is black with rough faces and about
an inch long. It is tabular parallel to a(100) and shows the
forms a(100), 6(010), m(110) and e(011), (PL XV, Fig. 1).
Growing out of one end is a smaller crystal of the same form and
habit, the axes of the two being parallel. The larger individual
is twinned parallel to a(100), but the smaller one is not.

Montrose, Westchester Co.—A gray or red augite associated
with plagioclase occurs in the gabbros of the Cortlandt Series
south of Peekskill. (Ref. 57 and 59). Both colors often appear
in the same individual. The mineral shows no pleochroism, but
frequently has a strong orthopinacoidal parting, and the meta-
morphism which the rock has undergone has often produced a
peripheral granulation of the augite. The diorites of this region
show excellent examples of the passage of pyroxene to compact
brown hornblende.

The limestone around the Cortland area often contain a gran-
ular lime bearing pyroxene along and the near contact, and green
pyroxene is similarly developed in the limestones at Stony Point
on the West Shore Railroad. It is here associated with light
green hornblende, zoisite, titanite, and much scapolite.

fosetown, Rockland Co.—Green augite is a common constituent
of the diorites near this locality (Ref. 22). It is closely asso-
ciated with less basic hornblende which was formed before it.
An analysis of this augite made by Prof, Kemp gave:

Percentage. Ratio. Prop. parts.

SOs weeseattcee canes 46.00 76 10
PAE Onsen RAs cues sates 14.80 134 2
TREES Oey sear Fait ath 11.20 .07 1
INTRO) Mocs teehee ticeeeuss 4.75 .119 2
CAO Soe ae ee 15.52 <2td 4
INGA Oia enacanece cree nse ccced 3.20
KO! a ieiecnaes commeseae ens 4.70

100.17

Tuxedo Township, Orange Co.—At the Sterling Iron Mines”

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 159

_ dark green granular pyroxene is abundant, associated with horn-
blende, epidote, red and white feldspar, biotite and tourmaline.
_ Much of the gneiss in the vicinity of the orebody is pyroxenic.
‘Tilly Foster, Putnam Co.—Although many mineral species
_ have been described from the Tilly Foster Iron Mines, pyroxene
has not yet been recorded from there. It is not common how-
-eyer. There is one group of small crystals in the collection of
Columbia University.

The crystals are about + inch long, green and transparent, with
smooth faces. Some show a basal parting. The general com-
bination of planes is a(100) and 6(010) narrow, m(110) broad,
¢ (001) large, w(111), and s(111), the latter so extended as to in-
tersect the front prism faces (Pl. XIV, Fig. 12). The crystals
are embedded in calcite.

A second and unique specimen is in the collection of Mr. F.
L. Nason, of New Brunswick, N. J. It is a single individual
about # inch long and + inch thick, and tabular parallel to 6
(010). There are terminal faces at one end, but the other is
broken off. The planes of the prismatic zone are smooth and
bright, while the terminal ones are slightly pitted. The combina-
tion of forms is a (100), b(010), m(110), f(310), 0 (221) and
p(101) (Pl. 1,Fig.1.) A very small dome face probably e (011) is
present. The orthoprism / (3810) is very narrow and is of interest
as it is not known to occur on any other pyroxene from this State.
It was determined with the reflection goniometer.

The extinction as measured through the transparent crystal is
41°11’,

Sp. Gr. 3.6

There have been recently added to the Columbia University
collection some large crystals from this locality. The largest is
a prismatic individual about two inches long and without termi-
nations. It is permeated throughout with grains of pyrrhotite.
Another but well-formed crystal, is about one inch long, ¢ inch
broad and 14 inch thick. The faces are smooth and fairly bright
in places. A strong basal parting is present and the crystal is
‘slightly tabular parallel to 6(010.) There is also an abundant
deposition of fine grains of pyrrhotite along the parting planes.
The following combination of forms occurs on this crystal and
nearly all the smaller ones found attached to it. a@(100),b (010)
broad, m(101), c(001) small, p(101) very large, w(111) small,

160 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

s(111) long and narrow, and 0(221) small, (Pl. IV, Fig. 9.).
z(021) was noticed on the large crystal, but the face is a very
small triangular one. The small crystals are often transparent
and exhibited a beautiful green color similar to the one in Mr.
Nason’s collection.

The pyroxene at Tilly Foster is associated with a large lentic-
ular bed of magnetite occurring in the gray gneiss. In the
lower portion of the orebody is a great mass of massive horn-
blendic rock. The associated minerals are serpentine, chon-
drodite, fluorite, garnet, pyrrhotite, amphibole, ripidolite, tourma-
line and calcite.

Two Ponds, Monroe township, Orange Co.—Beck states that
pyroxene of a gray-green, green or brown color occurs in lime-
stone at Two Ponds, (Ref. 2, p. 291). It is associated with
titanite, zircon and scapolite and is both massive and crystallized.
The crystals are usually only prismatic with rough ends, but
other combinations are a(100), m(110), 0(010) and e(011);
a (100), m (110), 6 (010), ¢ (100) and p (101); and m (110), p (101),
e (001).

Warwick Township, Orange Co.—Pyroxene is very abundant,
near Edenville and Amity, and around Mts. Adam and Eve, a
short distance to the north. It occurs either in the contact
zones between the granite and the limestone or else disseminated
through the latter at some distance from the contact. The con-
ditions in passing from the granite to the limestones are as
follows: (Ref. 23) Near the contact the granite either becomes
an aggregate of green pyroxene and scapolite or a granite like
zone formed of the two is present. The limestone near the con-
tact is also charged with silicates in bunches or scattered through
it. These bunches are composed chiefly of brownish-green horn-
blende, dark brown biotite or phlogopite, green pyroxene, (light
green in section), titanite, pyrite, calcite and some scapolite,
Chondrodite is also present sometimes and with it spinel. At
one locality where the granite and limestone are in actual contact,
the former contains pyroxene and scapolite and the latter coarsely
crystalline calcite and phlogopite. Fifteen feet from the contact
the granite has green pyroxene associated with quartz and micro-
cline. On the southwest side of Mt. Adam, the scapolite zone
contains large prisms of scapolite and pyroxene, the latter about
half an inch in diameter and often several inches long. The

‘The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 161

presence of fluorite, chondrodite and warwickite indicate mineral-
izers.

The pyroxene crystals occurring in the scapolite zone are dark
green, and in section light green. The faces of the prismatic
zone are a (100), 6(010) and m (110), equally developed ; they are
smooth, but dull. As a rule terminal faces are rare, but when
present the usual combination of forms is u (111), 0 (221), Seauly
c(001) and p(101). The greater development of p(101) over
¢ (001) is a characteristic feature of these crystals. A basal part-
ing due to twinning is often apparent, especially in sections, and
a prismatic cleavage is not rare, but likewise is often only to be
seen in sections.

Pl. II, Fig. 7, shows the prismatic form and PI. II, Fig. 6, the
terminated form of these pyroxenes.

The composition of this dark green augite is:

Percentage. Ratio. Prop. parts.

(SiKO)S caboose caabenReceneee 52.01 .866 206
INGO ee asceacisseeetacue ss 6.86 .094 22
CAO Meeks cedeoe odin 26.90 -480 100
IMO Reick eed bokicstieas 11.26 .281 70
TSS Ones ae ea 67 .0042 1
TOS a eee 5.82 .0568 14
Alkalies.................. 50

99.92

Sp. Gr. 3.6.

The formula obtained from the analysis is Ca,),, Mg_o, Fego,
Fes, Algg, Sigog, gag, OF
22 (Ca Fe Si,0,).
Mg Fe, SiO,:
11 (Ca Al, SiO,).
3 (Mg Al, SiO,).
66 (Ca Mg Si,O,).
C :¢= 45° 15/

Beck (Ref. 2) mentions the occurrence, one mile northwest of
Edenville, of dark green or black crystals of pyroxene associated
with apatite, hornblende, titanite and calcite. A form is also
said to occur at Warwick Mountain, which has the forms a (100),
6(010), m (110), ¢ (001) and.e (011).

This same township, Warwick, has furnished the well-known
tabular crystals of Leucaugite which have attracted so much

162 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

attention among mineralogists. Beck (Ref. 2) gives their occur-
rence as 24 miles north of Edenville. The crystals are yellowish
gray and have roughened faces. They are broadly flattened par-
allel to ¢ (001) and show striations parallel to the base. In de-
scribing them Beck mistook the base for the orthopinacoid. The
usual form of the Leucaugite is a combination of a (100), 6(010),
m (110), ¢(001), w(111), s(111) and 0 (221) (Pl. XIV, Fig. 1).
G. V. Rath mentions a twin crystal (Ref. 39) of more prismatic
habit, formed according to the common law, and which has the
orthodome p (101) in addition to the above mentioned faces. The
striations parallel to c (001) were at first considered by him to be
due to irregularities of growth, but he subsequently correctly
ascribed them to twinning. He also notes the surface alteration
of these crystals to amphibole.

These tabular forms were also described by Des Cloiseaux
(Ref. 12) who figured one with a hemihedral development in the
direction of the vertical axis, there being at one end the forms
p (101), s (111), 0(221), e(011) and »(121) and at the other end
p(101), w (111) and a (312).

Prof. G. H. Williams has described a crystal from the Root
collection which was of the usual habit with the forms, ¢ (001),
w(11l), s(111), 0(221), m(110), 6(010), a(100), but below,
toward the front, there was only 0(221) and (101), showing it
to be hemihedral in the direction of the vertical axis. The lower
back quarter is just like the front but reversed so that the lower
half is a twin (Pl. XIV, Fig. 3).

The ordinary tabular form is to be seen in nearly every large
collection. The Leucaugite also occurs in white granular masses
in calcite as represented by several specimens in the collection of
Columbia University.

Other specimens in the same collection and from Warwick
township are a red-brown granular pyroxene from Amity, and a
greenish-gray cleavage specimen with numerous small scales of
graphite scattered through it.

Beck, (Ref, 2), notes a black pyroxene from Rocky Hill near
Warwick. Specimens probably from this locality are in the
Columbia University collection. They are small interlacing pris-
matic individuals about two-thirds of an inch long. A. few of
them show terminal faces probably unit pyramids, but they are
too rounded for determination.

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 163

Much of the serpentine found at Amity may result from the
alternation of pyroxene. (Ref. 33).

Several analyses of pyroxenes from Hdenville have been pub-
lished, but little information is given concerning the material
from which they are made, or the exact locality. One of these is an
analysis of pyroxene from Edenville, by Brewer, as follows
(Ref. 4):

Percentage. ° Ratio. Prop. parts.
SiO Fe eaescutacs es 36.94 .615 19
1S{S 0 Renaaesecnenars 36.03 .109 14
CaO? niisisteaess 12.71 -227 17
Mm@iwe A ce easse. 2.24 .0312 1
RO Won accvs.s 11.22 109 4
99.14

This analysis gives
Ca,Fe,MnA1,Si,,0, which we may consider as a mixture of
4(CaFeSi,0, )
3(CaA1,SiO, )
A1,Si,05
leaving MnSi-;O,, or approximately Mn,Si,O,-+-3Si0,

LEUCAUGITE.

Amity, Orange Co. Leucaugite of light brown color occurs in
grains or rounded crystals, associated with calcite and seybertite,
and is identical with leucaugite from Bathurst, W. Canada,
(Ref. 31.) a

Percentage. Ratio. Prop. parts.

SOM e a geet NU 50.05 834 238
CaO ee 25.63 458 131
INGO gee ea cee MERE 14.48 362 103
TEGO )s acer 56 .0035 1
PROM eS beat 2 7.16 .07 20
COM cok 1.66

99.54

Sp. Gr. 3.26
From this analysis we obtain the formula

Cay] MeygFe,Al {91030773 Which is made up of
Mg Fe, SiO,
20(Ca Al, SiO,)
Mgho2 Carn Siorg Oea

the latter being approximately Mg Ca Si,0,

The dolomitic limestones of Westchester, Dutchess and New
York Counties often contain crystals of white pyroxene in great

164 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

abundance. These are almost invariably of the same habit, with
a strong flattening parallel to the orthopinacoid. They occur as
single individuals in zones or sometimes as Mr. F. L. Nason in-
forms me, in rounded masses. The crystals are colorless to
milkwhite and translucent to opaque. They might, perhaps, be ~
classed with the diopsides judging from the appearance of some,
but the higher percentage of alumina classes them with augite,
and it seems to the writer that the variety name of Leucaugite
may be appropriately applied to them.

Sing Sing, Westchester Co.—The usual combination of forms
is a (100), (010), m (110), v (221), and 0 (221) (Pl. XV, Fig. 4)
less commonly c (001); p(101) is very rare and was noted on
one specimen in the collection of Columbia University. w(111)
is equally rare. In rare cases a (100) and 6(010) are wanting or
are very narrow, so that the crystal has a square appearance.
One specimen in the same collection shows v (221) but not 0 (221),
GETEEXSVS ie. 225)

A strong basal and orthopinacoidal parting, both due to twin-
ning are present, but the latter is rare. The crystals are fre-
quently superficially altered to tremolite, and nearly all are
stained exteriorly with limonite. The prison quarry has yielded
the best specimens in former years, but very few are found now.
There is a granite dike cutting the limestone a few hundred feet
south of the quarry, but there is no evidence to show that the
crystals are the result of contact action.

An analysis was made of some nearly transparent pieces of a
crystal from Sing Sing, with the following results :

Percentage. Ratio. Prop. parts.

SIA ee ee AN 53.30 .8883 80
CO eee eonc ete cueces .80 -O111 1
CaO leteeasecsactenaccaeee 24.82 -4432 40
IMGO ia. cccscvatesrsisesoee 16.18 -4045 36
MEO Ge se Ue 4.11 .0401 4
i 2 (0 Je gencenbnosetoLsetteee 15

99.36

Sp. Gr. 3.18, Ries.
3.10, Beck.

The above calculated gives Ca,,Mg3,Fe,AlsSigyQo49 OF ap-
proximately,

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 165

Ca Fe Si,0,.
4 (Ca Al, SiO,).
30 (Ca MgSi,0O, ).
Mg SiO,.
C:f. 40°
a 1.6778
B 1.6848 Na.
y 1.7025
y—a_ .0247
2IWia= oo 507
2 Ve 59°

Kingsbridge, New York Co.—Most of the crystals from the
dolomite are considerably decomposed and replaced by granular
dolomite. They resemble the Sing Sing specimens exactly. There
is one exceptionally large one in the Columbia University collec-
tion. It is four inches long and two inches wide and has a
smaller one penetrating it.

Paterson, Dutchess Co.—The quarries northwest of the station
have furnished a considerable number of these tabular leucau-
gites. Mr. Nason has in his collection a fine group of small
glassy crystals from this locality. They show the usual combina-
tion, a (100), b (010), m (110), v (231), 0 (221) ¢ (001), and p (101).

According to Beck (Ref. 2) crystals twinned parallel to both a
and 6(010) have been found in Knapp’s quarry, at Paterson. The
erystals often have the granular structure of the dolomite, and
are sometimes broken into several pieces, the dolomite filling in
the breaks.

Phillipstown, Putnam Co.—According to Beck (Ref. 2) white
pyroxene has been found on the Hustis farm. It is translucent
and sometimes light green. Serpentine and pale green apatite
are occasionally associated with it.

HuDSONITE (HEDENBERGITE ? )

West Point, Orange Co.—A black lamellar variety of pyroxene
associated with quartz, black or bronze mica, and feldspar occurs
on the west bank of the Hudson river about three miles above
West Point. A specimen analyzed by Vanuxem, (Ref. 53) gave:

ANNALS N. Y. Acp. Scr., IX, June, 1896.—12

166 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

Percentage. Ratio. Prop. parts.

SiOsee oad 51.00 .850 25
CAO esesenweocsens 21.00 .379 11
Wa neat 11.50 .287 9
Re On eee 11.53 .072 2
ATS Os tedesiensesccs 3.50 .034 1
FUOIA eto 1.00

99.53

Sp. Gr. 3.5, Beck.
' 3.438-3.46, Brewer.

This analysis gives the formula Ca,,Mg,Fe,Al,Si,;0,; which
does not appear to be a simple mixture of isomorphous silicates,
but to consist of 9 (CaMgSi,O,)+2 Fe,0,+Al,S8i,0,, leaving
Ca,Si,0, or approximately 3(CaSiO,). From the above for-
mula deduced from Vanuxem’s analysis the hudsonite could not
be classed with hedenbergite, but the two analyses of Smith and
Brush given below, place it intermediate between hedenbergite
and augite.

The analysis of Smith and Brush (Ref. 417), is as follows :

Sirs te Meee 39.30 38.58
AOS, I he et as 9.78 11.05
BO Fai i eee 30.40 30.57
CAObe ction tanenageenn 10.39 10.32
IMC OR: Sahel n eres 2.98 3.02
NNO canoes .67 52
Lee O NV RUMOR npg Ns 2.48 4.16
Nag Oy. Ue Eee Kloet 1.66
ORME Ae rae 1.95 1.95
99.61 100.17

These analyses of Smith and Brush cannot be calculated out in
a satisfactory manner. They both, however, contain a consider-
able percentage of the hedenbergite molecule.

Smith and Brush claimed that their analyses showed that the
Hudsonite was a variety of augite. Kengott, on the other hand,
thought that according to the analyses Hudsonite belonged to
the amphiboles. Both Dana and DesCloiseaux placed it among
the augites on account of the cleavage. Kengott notes (Ref. 27)
that Hudsonite has a cleavage parallel to the prism of 124°, but is
near hedenbergite in composition. Dana, in commenting on this,
states that none of the specimens which he has seen show such a
prism angle.

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 167

From Vanuxem’s analysis this mineral would be classed as an
augite, but the high percentage of ferrous iron in the analyses of
Smith and Brush tend to class it with hedenbergite. It does
not agree with the theoretical composition of hedenbergite in that
it contains too small a percentage of lime, and is, therefore,
as stated above, intermediate between augite and hedenbergite.

There is a small specimen of this mineral in the Columbia Uni-
versity collection and another fine specimen in the collection of
the New York State Museum at Albany.

SAHMLITE.

Willsborough, Essex Co.—A granular green pyroxene associ-
ated with granular garnet and wollastonite occurs in a vein at
this locality (Ref. 2, p. 289). The grains are nearly transparent
and the material has a semivitreous lustre. An analysis by
Seybert gave:

Percentage. Ratio. Prop. parts.

SHO wlMad Rhee. ces 50.33 .839 60
CORRES hactisbeseshaceses 20.40 .283 20
(CEKO) pdebseacedanneeeenedaren 19.33 .345 25
INO sc8 orc Scie cscs 6.83 .170 13
NIL Opie. tiia eat sateen 1.53 .914 af
TEL O square ae 66
IMGT O)tacsesancpeeacaEeereoas tr

99.08

Sp Gited,ta7 0.

The above analysis corresponds to the formula Mg, Fe.) Ca,;
Al, Sig,0,75, Which is intermediate in composition between
sahlite and hedenbergite, but nearer to the former.

An analysis of pyroxene from Edenville, analyzed by G. W.
Hawes (Ref. 19), was published, together with one of hornblende
from the same locality, as proofs that ‘“‘ when parallel growths of
two minerals occur, which under different conditions can be made
to crystallize from the same material, chemical composition deter-
mines the difference.”

Percentage. Ratio. Prop. parts.

SiO» sédesscoseoaodsouedeu 51.05 .85 100.
ISPORT OT 2) aah 3.02) .019 2
MEOW ansacscees cesses 12.18 .169 20
CaO Barterwasecesctacs ss 22.07 .394 47
Hla ORee ere BAe o8 sch 10.02 .250 30
hie, O)y ssc Neen 1.36 .0U85 1
VET Oe acacntscsieciis sets .12 .016 2
15) O sere eaameemeneen 384

168 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

This pyroxene also approximates sahlite in composition giving
the formula

MgaoF €y9Cay;A),Sij990393-+ Fe,O3

DIOPSIDE.

DeKalb, St. Lawrence Co.—The crystals from this locality are
usually transparent and light green to colorless. They vary in
size from a half inch to an inch and a half long. No doubly
terminated ones have been seen. The faces of the prismatic zone
are mostly smooth and bright, but sometimes have longitudinal
striations. The terminal planes are invariably pitted, those on
u (111) and A (311) being more like deep interrupted strizs. A
tabular habit parallel to 6(010) is frequent. Several combina-
tions of forms occur, but the most general is a(100), 6(010),
m (110), ¢ (001), w(111),s (111), 0(221), A (311) and sometimes
p (101) (Pl. XIII, Fig. 9). Other combinations are a (100),b (010),
m (110), ¢(001), w(111) (Pl. XVI, Fig. 4); 6(010), m (110) and
u(11l1) (Pl. XVI, Fig. 8); and w(111), 0 (221), ¢ (001), a (100),
6(010) and m (110) (Pl. XVI, Fig. 3). The plane v is present ona
few crystals, but is always very narrow. The clinodome e(011)
was seen on two crystals, one in the private collection of Prof.
Egleston, and the other in the collection of Prof. A. H. Chester.
It is a small triangular face. A common habit of the DeKalb
diopsides is the unequal development of w(111), the left-hand
face being often large, while the right-hand one is so narrow as to
appear wanting.

No basal parting has been observed in the fresh crystals, but is
universally present in the altered ones, which are of a greenish
white color and opaque.

The DeKalb diopsides have been described by V. Rath (Ref. 38),
who noted the forms a (100), 6(010), m (110), ¢ (001), u (111) and
v (221). He states that they are often intergrown with horn-
blende and also mentions a twinning parallel to a@(100). The
pyramid v (221) was first recorded by him from this locality.

The two forms of diopside figured by Prof. Penfield in Dana’s
System of Mineralogy are the same as the first two mentioned
above by the writer.

This diopside is among the purest of pyroxenes found with the
State, as the following analysis shows.

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 169

RO eerePRereesc ste iss tec caeaciecisdabsneoameeee osteo sid sen 54.86
HE © Ore Seay Senate site oc cho ais oa Becle ghia thlnc dmcititdaw en ceblecks 1.30
(CEKO) asda soace se SC OBGS ECA BA SERS COR ETE i eas aE eee rea 24.13
DVO Opec ost iciseiclelsniccinte a's eatiaea seen sexs soaaseeneraseeens 18.14
BEANIE Oates cectin ty ese ss cice as ean one MURS Siew swsincaeaeenesee 75
PANIC ANNO Staeeaatececiccs rose ueceaccneeswenetmoneececsen css 30
JEBITS noodadsocnansbbQsSasb0basesEebbNRoEABBdoBUaEA eos BEF HOe 10

99.89

Sp. Gr. 3.29.
This corresponds very closely with an analysis made by E. L.
Sperry and given in Dana’s System of Mineralogy, which is:

Percentage. Ratio. Prop. parts.

SIO ee kecs eescecs 55.12 .9186 235,
PAE O ere sssasccdacce ccs .40 -0039 il
CORE saasttsesneeces 1S .0155 4
CaO eernacsecures cece 25.14 .449 115
IVE OO Frcs eiieisls cist sein’ 18.15 4537 116
REO retyvsseiiner ss seeses -02
ING OF emncnecscceenes 45
MEAD scoocansesoce005000 17

100.47

=Cay; Mgii, Fe, Al, Sing; O75.

Sp, Gr. 3.286.

The above analysis gives us the formula Ca,,;Mg,,,Fe,
Al,Sig3;07 93 Which corresponds very closely to the diopside
formula, Ca Mg Si,O,.

The optical constants of this diopside were determined as fol-
lows:

C25 — 40°
Na.
a 1.6749
B 1.6852
y 1.7013
y—a 0264
2W 77° 42/
2V 59° 30/
oh 114° 40’

It will be seen that the indices of refraction are somewhat
higher than those given below.

K. Zimanyi (Ref. 60) obtained the following values for diopside
from DeKalb. The determinations were made on plates cut per-
pendicular to the first and second middle lines, and were 5.8 and

170 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

6.10 mm. in diameter respectively. The temperature at which
the measurements were made was 15.25°-25.75° C.

a 1.6674
B 1.6745
A 1.6961
UV = 60° 18”
2E= 114° 29/7
Direct measurement of the optic axes in Na light gave:
2E= 114° 3/ 22°C,
2H= 60° 467
2H= 1222 97

The indices of refraction as determined by Zimanyi are still
lower than those of Ala, which Des Cloiseaux (Man. Min. 1862, 1
p- 55), Dufet, Bull. Fr. Min. Soc., 1887, X, p. 290, Wulfing and
Schmidt, Zeitschr, fur. Krystu. Min. 1893, X XI.

Edenville, Orange Co.—Rammelsberg gives in his Mineral-
chemie (Ref. 37), an analysis of a large bluish crystal from Eden-
ville, which is as follows:

Percentage. Ratio. Prop. parts.
SIOjsecscresescacs ceemcesane 55.01 -917 13
BC O eee stwossseaseseeeceoes 4.95 .099 1
CAO eccscsescsecteecodsodee ero -407 6
I TO er aen obser rosabeccanaect 16.95 .424 6
EDO ek. Seneca ee .36
100.07

Sp. Gr. 3.94.

The above analysis calculated out gives Ca,Mg,FeSi,,0;,
which corresponds pretty closely to the formula Ca Mg Si,O,.

Edwards, St. Lawrence Co.—The only specimens which the
writer has seen from this locality are some crystals in the col-
lection of Prof. Egleston. They are of simple habit and the com-
bination of forms is @(100) and 6(010) broad, m(110) narrow
u(111) and ¢ (001). The faces have altered to tremolite.

Macomb St. Lawrence Co.—There is one group of small glassy
crystals in the Columbia University collection. The crystals are
tabular parallel to b(010) and have the faces a(100), 5 (010),
m (110) ¢(001)and w(111). The associated minerals are albite,
calcite and graphite.

Pierrepont, St. Lawrence Co.—Transparent crystals tabular
parallel to 6(010) are common. They occur mostly as small
groups of interlacing crystals. Basal and orthopinacoidal twin-

‘

«<a

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 171

ning and the accompanying parting are common. The general
combination of forms is a(100), 6(010), m(110) and c¢(001.)
Another form figured by Prof. Penfield in Dana’s System of Min-
eralogy, 1893 shows a (100), (010), ¢ (001), w (111), v (221) and
p(i0l.) Parallel growths of pyroxene with hornblende are fre-
quent. (Ref. 38) and G. V. Rath has described crystals from
Pierrepont, whose prism faces were covered with numerous small
individuals. (Ref. 38.) The extinction angle of the Pierrepont
diopsides is 37°.

Pitcairn, St. Lawrence Co.—An unusual form from this locality,
and belonging probably with the diopsides, is a small group of
erystals in the collection of Cornell University. The crystals
aré 4-4 an inch long, with bright faces. They are of very simple
form showing only the planes m (110), w(111) and s (111), (Pl. I,
Fig. 8).

Port Henry,Hssex Co.—The occurrence of white pyroxene as an
unaltered core of the serpentine grains and masses in the ophical-
cites of the eastern Adirondacks has long been known, but so far
as the writer is aware the occurrence of white pyroxene crystals
free from serpentine is uncommon. During the summer of 1893,
Prof. Kemp found a great quantity of this interesting variety in
a limestone quarry north of Port Henry, where it occurs together
with yellow titanite, hairbrown amphibole and graphite. The
amphibole is idiomorphic with respect to the pyroxene and tit-
anite. Scales of graphite surround the pyroxene and penetrate
it, and shots of the same mineral often appear on the faces in the
prismatic zone, but none were noticed on the terminal faces,
neither were there any on the amphibole or titanite.

The diopside individuals though usually white are sometimes
pink. They are translucent, and vary in length from one-tenth
to half an inch, with smooth bright faces. A strong basal part-
ing is not uncommon, but is wanting in the perfectly fresh and
transparent individuals. An orthopinacoidal parting is occasion-
ally met with.

The general combinations of forms occur, viz., a (100), 6(010),
m (110), ¢ (001), w (111), s (111) and p (101). (PIII, Fig. 10),
and a (100), b(010), m (110), ¢ (001), e (011) and p (101). (Pl.
II, Fig. 9). The pyramids and clinodomes rarely occur on the
same crystal. One specimen in the private collection of Prof.
Kemp has the face 0 (221).

172 The Monoclinic Pyrowenes of New York State.

An analysis of the fresh material gave

Percentage. Ratio. Prop. parts.

sh Oicedcdactdshnonacanos 54.57 .9095 70
1 Ds, O Ree aee rete bac eee 1.80 .0250 2
(OF O Receerecemnanerncdnce 23.25 .4151 32
WE OY Cbocisosessnddasacoe 17.78 -4432 35
Acs Fen tarre 1.12 .0129 if
121 OE EN ne a Fi
NST eectenesc seca: .38

99.80

Sp. Gr. 3.27.

The above analysis corresponds to the formula Ca,,Mg,; Fe,-
AlSi,,0,,. which is practically that of diopside. The optical
constants are ; ,

CAG 41°
Na.

a 1.6683

B 1.6730

y 1.6902

y-a .0219
2 W = 73° 21’
2 V =56° 30’

The white pyroxenes of this region are of interest as being the
source of much of the serpentine in the ophicalcites of Port
Henry, Essex Co., and Bolton, Thurman and Warrensburg in
Warren Co.

This process of alternation has been studied and described in
detail by G. P. Merrill. (Ref. 34). The blotches of yellowish
and greenish serpentine, or serpentine and white pyroxene occur
in the ophicalcite near Port Henry from an inch to a foot or more
in diameter. In the quarry of the Ophite Marble Co., the serpen-
tine with white pyroxene nuclei is said to be very common, and
all stages of alternation can be traced. The following is an an-
alysis from Dr. Merrill’s paper of the fresh pyroxene and the
serpentine crust.

Pyroxene. Serpentine.

SiG hue cca eic eee 55.26 42.17
INTRO ay ot LUE Ea .22 .30
MetOp tc oc te oe 290% 1.57
REO eck oh hoes Keateeseu Oe .64
CaO ee ciieicsssndecssetes 24.48

MOON a ee ee ea 19.53 41.33
INTO eee oes teat tr
ET OM ooencscan guscecunsecs 13.72

100.28 99.73

—— ;

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 173

The pyroxene is therefore, as pointed out by Dr. Merrill, a very
pure lime magnesian variety, corresponding pretty nearly to the
formula of diopside Ca Mg Si,O,, and its conversion into serpen-
tine consists in the assumption of water and the giving up of its
lime, which crystallizes as calcite. A comparison of the preced-
ing analysis with that of the white pyroxene analyzed by the
writer, and given on a previous page, shows a close similarity in
composition. The latter corresponds still more closely, however,
with the white pyroxene which Dr. Merrill has described from
Montville, N. J. The composition of the latter is:

SLO SMES Warciincue Gaede bers aceiene tease sents 51.45 48.17
omiiitiendesceotcnscacess sasencenc ates caces 1.08 .12*
AOR eset acca acvennerecaneresirecacs 24.02 21.96
CaS Ogricecsccesdsceive iter etaacse so lsgauns 10.44
Ne OP teeicd ckicien cass suayacun caeeisesen 18.43 17.61
Mig © Oise acts eee ceciinla sieljeistesieaisasece agi
BALE Merten See ests nahn ciate som 2.94 02
NOS Ones Seca sucesclsvecescucenscesscsiets 1.06 18
COP sarese cone saisiesist ede cuacsenetsicedcs .96 24
IVT ONG see cata cetaciete ass duseswee uaceees tr
SO. Sevciaw cee nauioteusen se8 duiowe gone tr tr
REO Mees alse sehicie d adaneuiceetensarneabas und. und.
Nias Ojo ese ccaissiciewnissesioscasctescuetees und. und.
99.94 99.95

_In this connection there may be mentioned the serpentine
which was found in aqueduct shaft 2 (Ref. 33) in New York city.
It results from the hydration of a white monoclinic pyroxene,
showing under the microscope nearly rectangular prismatic
cleavages, and giving extinction angles as high as 44°. The
alteration is accompanied with the formation of abundant secon-
dary calcite.

Beck (Ref. 2, p. 289) has noted a light green pyroxene from a
locality half a mile north of Port Henry. It is said to be inti-
mately mixed with secondary calcite.

Russel, St. Lawrence Co.—In addition to the greenish-black
crystals from this locality which were mentioned under the head
of augite, there are found greenish-white crystals resembling the
forms from DeKalb and also green glassy ones of prismatic habit.

The greenish-white ones are nearly always strongly tabular
parallel to 6 (010), and were observed to have the following com-

* HO.

174 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

bination of forms: a (100),6(010), c (001) (Pl. I, Fig. 4); 6 (010),
m(110), ¢(001) (Pl. I, Fig. 3); a (100), 6(010), m(110), ¢ (001)
and w(111), similar to form from Gouverneur shown in Pl. IV,
Fig. 4.
Nearly all of the individuals show a strong basal parting, due
to twinning. Uralitization is probably better developed in these
crystals than those from any other locality in the State. All
stages of transition can be seen from the pyroxene crystal, whose
faces present a slightly fibrous appearance, to one whose —
whole mass has. been converted into fibrous amphibole. Some-
times the crystals are cracked apart and the separated portions
held together by amphibole fibres. Penetrations of one diopside
crystal into another are not uncommon. One crystal from this
locality in the Root collection at Hamilton College is 4x4x12
inches in size. Another in the Columbia University collection
had a small, perfectly formed crystal of mica similarly oriented
included in it.
_ The green glassy crystals are all of simple prismatic habit, and
show only the forms a(100), (019), m(110). They are termi-
nated by parting planes parallel to the base. The faces of the
prismatic zone sometimes show traces of uralitization, but de-
composition takes place usually along the parting planes, result-
ing in powdery alteration product, probably serpentine. Twinning
parallel to a(100) and c¢(001) is seen in nearly every specimen,
and a strong prismatic cleavage is frequent.

The following analysis shows the composition of this green
glassy diopside. .

Percentage. Ratio. Prop. parts

SiOusnemirn meters 54.94 .9156 50
Re OTeetencceaccseascusaees 1.29 .0179 1
(CANO Esch aos er euenodemecsace 25.38 .4156 23
WITESX Oe racer’ Beene poneee 17.60 .4400 24
ERT OS ae alae 2.42 .0236 1
Alkalies...........000c0s 28

99.91

= Mg, Ca; Fe, Al, Si,,0,;;
or Mg Al, SiO,
Fe Ca Si,0,
22 (Ca Mg Si,0,)
Sp. Gr. 300.

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 175

The optical constants of the Russel diopside were determined
to be,

C:f B37
Na
a 1.6626
B 1.6718
vy 1.6940
y-a .0314
2W Uae a

2V 58°5 67

Parallel growths of amphibole and pyroxene are common at
this locality and the late Prof. G. H. Williams has called attention
to the fact that the lesser extinction angle always lies on the
same side of the vertical axis. Prof. Williams has also described
and figured a remarkable growth of dark green hornblende from
Russel, around a crystal of pale green pyroxene. Both crys-
tals have the clinopinacoids parallel, as is also the parting which
is present in both. The specimen is about three inches long and
is in the collection of Mr. C. Bement of Philadelphia.

GENESIS OF THE NEw YORK PYROXENES.

As previously stated, the pyroxenes occur under the following
conditions :

1. As primary constituents of the igneous rocks.

2. In contact zones between the igneous rocks and the lime-
stones.

3. Disseminated through the limestones in regions which have.
been subjected to dynamic metamorphism.

4. Associated with the bodies of magnetite ore.

The first case includes pyroxene occurring both in dikes and
intrusive masses, and the mode of formation is apparent, the
pyroxene representing one of the products of crystallization from
an igneous magna. It is among the earliest minerals to crystal-
lize out, and is preceded by magnetite, apatite, zircon and some-
times biotite.

When thus occurring as a constituent of the igneous rock it
belongs to the variety augite, which is essentially a mineral of
igneous rocks. The experiments of Berthier, and Fouque and
Levy (Synthese des Mineralogie des Roches, Paris, 1882) have
shown that augite can be easily produced artificially from a fused

176 The Monoclinic Pyroxrenes of New York State.

mixture, in microlites and large crystals, and associated with the
various minerals which accompany it in nature. Both tempera-
ture and chemical compositon exert an influence. Augite being
more stable at high temperatures will separate under such condi-
tions, whereas if the crystallization takes place at a lower tem-
perature hornblende is more likely to result. According to Vogt
(Zeitschr. fur. Kryst. u. Min.), if the relation of CaO to MgO be-
comes as 1-3 orthorhombic pyroxene separates instead of the
monoclinic form.

When an igneous rock intrudes itself into a limestone or dolo-
mite, a change usually takes place in the latter along and near
the line of contact. This change consists first in an increase in
the coarseness of the limestone and secondly in the abundant
development of minerals in the contact zones or disseminated
through the limestone near it. This production of contact min-
erals has been frequently noticed and described.

In contact metamorphism the intensity and extent of the
_ change depends on the temperature, mineralogical and structural
character of the eruptive rock, also on the duration of its action
and the area and conductivity of the rock affected.

The contact changes are brought about partly by the intrusion
of the igneous mass, and partly by the action of mineralizers.
The former can and have been produced artificially.

The minerals of the contact zones derive their material 1.
from the igneous rocks, 2. from the limestone, 3. from below,
being brought up by solutions stimulated by the intrusion of the
igneous rock. The greatest development of contact minerals
occurs in an impure limestone, or if the eruptive rock mingles
with the limerock. (J. Roth p. 175.)

We should thus expect to find minerals rich in lime and mag-
nesia, such as garnet, vesuvianite, pyroxéne, wollastonite, amphi-
bole, ahendredite. etc.

The presence of mineralizers is often anon by the occurrence
of fluorite, tourmaline and chondrodite, and indeed it has been
found that the presence of mineralizers is an essential factor in
aiding the formation of some of these minerals.

_ Diopsides and augites poor in alumina are especially abundant
in the limestone contact zone, and their frequent occurrence at
such localities lining the sides of fissures filled with quartz or eal-
cite, rather point to a possible formation sometimes by wet

The Monoclinic. Pyroxenes of New York State. 177

methods, under great pressure and high temperature no doubt, as
has been done artificially.

In some cases the effect of the igenous rock seems to be to
cause a molecular rearrangement in the limestone, resulting in the
formation of new minerals by segregation. Thermal metamor-
phism does not seem to involve any alteration in the bulk of the
rock affected. Whatever part water plays, it does not act as a
medium in the transfer of material, and it is also probable that
the transportation is confined within narrow limits (A. Harker—
The Migration of Material During the Metamorphism of Rock
Masses, Jour. Geol. I, p. 574).

The ophicalcites of the eastern Adirondacks furnish an excel-
lent example of the mode of formation of pyroxene by segrega-
tion resulting from the intrusion of the gabbros (Ref. 26). These
ophicalcites contain great masses of silicates, which have been
distorted by the violent dynamic metamorphism which the rock
has been subjected to. They also indicate the flowing of the
limestone under pressure. These limestones were originally mag-
nesian limestones containing great quantities of impurities, which
have segregated to form the pyroxenes and other silicates. These
silicates often form masses 23-30 feet thick.

In support of the theory that the pyroxene results from a
magnesian limestone, Prof. Kemp gives the following two an-
alyses made by the writer, the first that of pieces of the white
limestone at Port Henry, which were free from silicates and the
second analysis, that of the white pyroxene occurring in it.

Limestone. Pyroxene.

Chi O ic SRR ERS Re ERE EE 54.57
DUO ce euiee teeny Senet eke teeta 17D 1.32
IB Oy ccososasdsouacscoasanaderigudooaccnda
He Oras eeeciiesicceecniss sssscetenecesierinsaes 1.62
(CRYO) ceddioticuanodesocenssbonge soauncoaAuCDe 46.79 23.23
ICOM Een NCS Cea Ss con Ast 5.10 A778
T{0) cle Woah ehe ey Mace pele eer 70
BNO Re eee ee cauk vans cealien est 32
TEL Oeics oak ert eae 42.42

96.03 99.54

From the above analyses it will be seen that the bases and

silica have collected to form the pyroxene.
The common occurrence of white pyroxene in the metamor-

178 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

phosed magnesian limestones of West Chester, Dutchess and
Putnam Counties has been described and it was mentioned that
the pyroxenes occurred in bunches filling cavities or in streaks
associated with quartz. So far as the writer is aware, none of
the occurrences in these localities are associated with igneous ~
intrusions, and the probability, therefore, is that these pyroxenes
were produced by the regional metamorphism to which these
dolomites were subjected. Two methods of formation are,
therefore, possible: 1. Segregation from the surrounding rock ;
2. Deposition from solutions which brought the material from a
deep-seated source. The presence of associated quartz and the
occurrence of the crystals in veins or cavities would seem per-
haps to favor the second hypothesis and stili it is possible that
the pyroxene in these dolomites has been caused by a segrega-
tion of material from the surrounding limestone which contains
all the elements needed in the formation of these leucaugites.

The formation of pyroxene by regional metamorphism has been
_ described by Westgate from Warren Co., N. J. (Amer. Geol.,
1894). W.H. Hobbs has also described the formation of tremo-
lite and large pyroxene crystals along the Housatonic fault, in
Massachusetts (The Structure of the Housatonic Valley lying
east of Mt. Washington, Jour. Geol.), and Fairbanks mentions a
similar case of the formation of green pyroxene in California
(Geol. of the Coast Ranges of Cal., B. G. S. A., VI, p. 71).

In the last class of occurrences mentioned, viz., the formation
of pyroxene around ore bodies, there is still considerable doubt
as to the theory of the origin of most of the pyroxenes. They
may have been formed by segregation, but this is a point for fur-
ther investigation.

ae ae
‘

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 179

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE XIII.

1. Augite, Monroe Township, Orange Co.—a (100), 6 (010), m (110), w (111),
§ (111), 0 (221), p (101).

2. Tilly Foster, Putnam Co.—a (100), b (010), m (110), Ff (310), o (221),
p (101).

3. Russel, St. Lawrence Co.—bd (010), m (110).

4. Diopside, Russel, St. Lawrence Co.—a (100), b (010), ¢ (001).

5. Monroe Township, Orange Co.—a (100), b (010), m (110), w (111),
$ G11), 0 (221), 2 (021).

6. Augite, St. Lawrence Co.—im (110), b (010), w (111), A (331).

7. Augite, Pitcairn, St. Lawrence Co.—a (100), b (010), m (110), ¢ (001),
wu (111), s (111), 0 (221).

8. Diopside, Pitcairn, St. Lawrence Co.—m (110), w (111), s(111).

9. Diopside , DeKalb, St. Lawrence Co.—a (100), 6 (010), m (110), ¢ (001),

w (111), v (221), o (221), A (331), p (101).

PLATE XIV.

1. Leucaugite, Edenville, Orange Co.—a (100), 6 (010), m(110), ¢ (001),
uw (111), s(111.)

2. Augite, Rossie, St. Lawrence Co.—Shows hemihedral distribution of
planes.

3. Leucaugite, Edenville, Orange Co.--shows hemihedral distribution of
planes, and twinned lower half of crystal.

4, Augite,Gouverneur, St. Lawrence Co.—a (100),6 (010), m (110), w (111),
s (111).

5. Augite, Highlands of Hudson, Orange Co.—a (100), 6(010), m (110),
e (001), e(101.)

6. Augite, Warwick, Orange Co.—a (110), 6 (010), m (110), e(001), w(111),
s(111), 0 (211) p(101.)

7. Augite Warwick, Orange Co.—a (100), 6 (010), m (110), ¢ (001. )

8. Augite, Cheever Mine, Pt. Henry, Essex Co.—a (100), b (010), m (110),
¢ (001), w (111), s (111.)

9. Diopside, Pt. Henry, Essex Co.—a (100), 6(010), m(110), c(001),
e(011), p(101.)

10. Diopside Pt. Henry, Essex Co.—a (100), 6(010), m(110), c(001),
u (111), s(111), p(101.)

11. Black augite, Hammondville, Essex Co.—a(100), 0(010), m(110),
ce (001), s(111.) ue

12. Tilly Foster, N. Y.—a (100), b(010), m(110), ¢ (001), s(111.)

180 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

PLATE XV.

1. Augite, Monroe Township, Orange Co.—Twinned parallel to a. Shows
a (100), 6(010), m(110), e (011).

2. Leucaugite, Sing Sing, Westchester Co.—a(100), b (010), m (110), o (221).

3. Augite, Monroe Township, Orange Co.—a (100), 6 (010), m (110), ¢ (001),
e (011).

4. Leucaugite, Sing Sing, Westchester Co.—a(100), b(010), m(110),
v (221), 0 (221), ¢ (001).

5. Augite, St. Lawrence Co.—m (110), b (010), w (111), o (221), 4 (311).

6. Leucaugite, Paterson, Dutchess Co.—a (100), 0(010), m(110), v (221),
0 (221), p (101), ¢ (001).

7. Augite, Russel, St. Lawrence Co.—a(100), 6 (010), m(110), p (101),
um (411).

8. Augite, Diana, Lewis Co.—Twinned parallel to a(100). Shows a (100),
b (010), m(110), p (101), o (221), 2 (311).

9. Augite, Natural Bridge, Lewis Co.—a (100), 0 (010), m (110), w (111),
s (111), 0 (221).

PLATE XVI.

1. Diana, Lewis Co.—a (100), b (010), m(110), e (001), w (111), e (011).

2. Augite, Keene, Essex Co.—a (100), 6 (010), m (110), s( 111), 0 (221).

3. Diopside, DeKalb, St. Lawrence Co.—a (100), 6 (010), m (110) ), ¢ (001),
uw (111), o ( 221).

4. Diopside, DeKalb, St. Lawrence Co.—a (100), b (010), m(110), ¢ (001),
w (111).

5. Augite, Rossie, St. Lawrence Co.—a (100), (010), m(110), w (111),
v (221).

6. Augite, Diana, Lewis Co.—a (100), 6 (010), m(110), w(111), s( 111),
o ( 221), 2 (021).

7. Augite, Adams Lake.—a(100), 0(010), m(110), w(111), s(111),
o( 212), p( 101).

8. Diopside, DeKalb, St. Lawrence Co.—b (010), m (110), w (111).

9. Augite, Tilly Foster, Putnam Co.—a (100), 6 (010), m(110), w (111),
s (111), 0 ( 221), p( 101).

VOL. IX, PLATE I.

BRANNERIA. PSHUDOTREMIA. SCOTERPES. ZYGONOPUS.
(fig. 1.) (figs, 2-11.) (figs. 12-13.) (figs. 14-16.)

wie

. IX, PLATE II.

ZYGONOPUS. TRICHOPETALUM.
(figs. 17-21.) (figs. 22-29.)

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. SCIENCES. VOL. 1D: Sous by De EE

TRICHOPETALUM.

CONOTYLA.

"ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. SCIENCES. VOL. IX, PLATE V.

CONOTYLA.

~

VOL. IX, PLATE VI.

O O
Sisies
er

118

CONOTYLA. CLEIDOGONA.
(figs. 95-104.) (figs. 105-118.)

AND ALS N. Y. ACAD. SCIENCES. VOL. IX, PLATE VII

CLEIDOGONA.

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. SCIENCES, VOL. IX, PLATE VIII. 7

CLEIDOGONA.

VOL. 1X, PLATE EX.

(figs, 159-171.) (figs. 172-176.)
CLEIDOGON A. BACTROPUS.

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. SCIENCES. NO INC) P DeAvInE) ONG

mY
| Hoo

UNDERWOODIA.

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. SCIENCES. VOL. IX, PLATE XI.

i
eae E7743)
oe 1904

- CASEYA.

VOL, LX, PLAT EH) XT

SCIENCES.

_ ANNALS N. Y. ACAD.

Zl

CASEYA.

PLATE XIII.

»)

VOL. IX.

SCIENCES.

NNALS N. Y. ACAD.

NNALS N, Y. ACAD. SCIENCES. VOL. IX., PLATE XIV.

ake

VOL. IX., PLATE XV.

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. SCIENCES.

VOL. IX., PLATE XVI.

CIENCES.

8

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD.

IV.—WNotes on some Actinians from the Bahama Islands, col-
lected by the late Dr. J. I. Northrop.

BY J. PLAYFAIR M’MURRICH, PH. D.

Read April 11, 1896.

The Actinians which form the subject of this paper were col-
lected by the late Dr. J. I. Northrop, of Columbia College, during
a visit to the Bahama Islands some years ago. It had been Dr.
Northrop’s intention to work over the collection himself. Before
his lamented death he had studied several species more or less
thoroughly. The drawings and preparations which he had made
were entrusted to me, together with the collection, by Mrs. North-
rop, and have proved of great assistance in determining the
affinities of certain forms. Especially was this true in regard to
Heteractis lucida, whose systematic position Dr. Northrop had

‘correctly determined, and the notes on Diplactis bermudensis and

Isaurus Duchassaingi were also very full.

I have taken pains to verify all the important facts contained
in the notes, and it has seemed more convenient for the present
purpose to describe in my own words the various forms to be
considered, rather than to attempt a rearrangement of Dr. North-
rop’s notes with such additions as might seem necessary.

The following is a list of the species in the collection.

HEXACTINIZA.
Suborder Actinine.

Family SAGARTID®.

1. Aiptasia tagetes (D & M.) Andr.
2. Heteractis lucida D. & M.

Family ANTHEADA.
3. Condylactis passiflora D. & M.

Family DENDROMELID 2.
4, Lebrunea neglecta D. & M.

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Sol., IX, July, 1896.—13

182 Notes on Some Actinians from the Bahama Islands,

Family PHYLLACTIDZ.
5. Diplactis bermudensis McM.

Suborder Stichodactyline.

Family DISCOSOMID A.
6. Discosoma anemone (Ellis) Duch.

Family RHODACTIDZ.

7. Rhodactis Sancti-Thome (Duch. & Mich.) MeM.
8. Ricordea florida Duch. & Mich.

Family PHYMANTHID&.
9. Phymanthus crucifer (Lesueur) Andr.

ZOANTHES:.

10. Zoanthus sociatus (Ellis) Lesueur.

11. Zoanthus nympheus (Lesueur. )

12. Isaurus Duchassaingi ( Andres. )

13. Palythoa flava (Lesueur) Duch. & Mich.
14. Gemmaria isolata, McM.

Certain of these forms I have already described (’89), and conse-
quently shall not consider in detail here; a few others require but
brief notice, while three others require a more thorough descrip-
tion. I shall consider the forms belonging to the last two groups
in the order in which they are named in the above list.

Family SAGARTID A.

Heteractis lucida Duch. & Mich.

Synonyms: Capnea lucida, Duchassaing & Michelotti. 1860 (Pl. VI., Figs. 9
and 12.
Heteractis lucida, Duchassaing & Michelotti. 1866.
Ragactis lucida, Andres. 1883.

Several specimens of this form were contained in the collection
which offered accordingly opportunities for an accurate determin-
ation of its systematic affinities.

In the contracted condition the animal is generally somewhat
flattened, measuring in height 1.5—-2.0 em., and in diameter about
2 cm. The base being usually a little smaller than the upper
part of the column. Dr. Northrop’s notes contain no statement
as to the coloration of the living animal, but according to
Duchassaing & Michelotti the mouth is white, surrounded by a

Be

Collected by the late Dr. J. I. Northrop. 183

band of brilliant yellow, and the tentacles have the appearance
of white glass.

The mesogloea of the column walls is rather thin and in much
contracted forms may appear as if provided on its endodermal side
with numerous distinct processes, which give to the column wall
a ridged or chequered appearance. Toward the upper part of the
column are numerous cinclides, not readily distinguishable in all
preserved specimens and apparantly without any very definite ar-
rangements, though they are confined entirely to the upper part
of the column, none being found below the middle.

There is a distinct collar and fosse in the preserved specimens
just above the cinclidal region of the column, and at that portion
of the wall which forms the floor of the fosse the endodermal
muscle processes are considerably higher than elsewhere in the
column wall, and form what may be termed a diffuse endodermal ©
sphincter. The true sphincter lies however higher up, just below
the point where the tentacles arise, and is a weak structure im-
bedded in the mesogloea, which is hardly appreciably thickened
for its reception. It consists of a few rather scattered cavities,
arranged practically in a single row and containing the remains
of muscle cells; it is not strong enough to produce complete en-
closure of the tentacles.

On account of the position of the sphincter the collar cannot
be regarded as the margin. Indeed there is no distinct margin,
the upper part of the column wall passing directly over into the
bases of the tentacles, so that, in the usual formula it is necessary
to say that the margin is tentaculate. The tentacles are rather
numerous, apparently somewhere in the neighborhood of 192,
though an acurate count is difficult in the preserved specimens on
account of the manner in which the cycles are crowded together
towards the margin. They vary somewhat in length in the
various specimens I have examined, owing to diffierence of
contraction, but the average may be put at 1 em. The most in-
teresting feature of the tentacles is however the occurrence upon.
them of a large number of spherical protuberances scattered over
their surface without any apparent regularity, though more.
abundant upon the oral than on the aboral surfaces. In section
(Pl. fig 1.) these are seen to be hollow outpushings of the wall of
the tentacles. The wall of the tentacle proper has a moderately
thick mesoglea, the ectodermal and endodermal muscle pro-

184 Notes on Some Actinians from the Bahama Islands,

cesses being rather low, the ectoderm possessing but few
nematocysts, and the endoderm being thin with only a few
Zooxanthelle. The wall of the protrusion differs not a little from
this; thus the mesogloea is much thinner, the muscle processes
are aborted, the ectoderm is richly provided with nematocysts,
so that the protrusions might be termed batteries of nematocysts,
and the endoderm is thick and abundantly packed with Zooxan-
thellae.

The tentacles leave exposed a considerable portion of the disc,
perhaps about half its breadth, and this portion is smooth and
slightly concave. Its mesoglea is rather thin and the muscle
processes are but moderate in length. No muscle cells are
enclosed within the mesoglea. The mouth is not elevated above
the disc and is almost circular in the preserved specimens, the
gonidial angles being but slightly marked.

In the single specimen in which I counted the mesenteries there
were forty-eight pairs, a number which agrees with that found
by Dr. Northrop in another specimen. Of these forty-eight pairs
but six are perfect, forming the first cycle; the six pairs of the
second cycle nearly equal the first cycle in size, but are imper-
fect; the twelve of the third cycle are considerably smaller,
though still quite muscular; while the twenty-four pairs of the
fourth cycle, though extending some distance in from the body
wall, yet have their musculature but feebly developed. Two pairs

of directives are present and are attached to a greater extent of

the stomatodzum than are the other mesenteries of the first
cycle. The longitudinal muscles are well developed and have in
section the form represented in fig. 2. The parieto-basilar muscles.
are but feebly represented and do not require special description.
Numerous acontia occur, a fact that was discovered by Dr. Nor-
throp. None of the specimens examined possessed reproductive

organs, so that nothing can be said regarding the distribution of

these organs.

There seems to be no room for doubt but that this form is
identical with that described by Duchassaing and Michelotti in
their first paper (’60) as Capnea lucida though later (’66) assigned

to the genus Heteractis, a genus established by Milne-Edwards for

the reception of the Actinia aurora of Quoy and Gaimard.
Andres (’83) has referred it to the genus Ragactis, which he

established for a species, &. pulchra, discovered by him in the

Collected by the late Dr. J. I. Northrop. 185

Mediterranean. The distinction between Ragactis and Heteractis
concerns practically the tentacles only, the evaginations upon
these structures being in the former genus small and appearing as
tubercles, while in the latter they involve the entire circumference
of the tentacle, which thus becomes moniliform. How far this
distinction is valid can only be determined by further examina-
tion of the anatomy of the various species assigned to the two
genera, and for the present it seems to me more convenient to
retain for the species under discussion the name proposed by its
Sponsors.

An interesting fact which has developed from the examination
of H. lucida is that it is unquestionably a Sagartid. The occur-
rence of acontia (to which my attention was first called by Dr.
Northrop) and of cinclides, the existence of only six perfect
mesenteries and the mesogleeal sphincter point indubitably to
this relationship, and it will be interesting to know whether
Ragactis pulchra and the other species assigned to the genus
Heteractis are likewise Sagartids. Andres has grouped together
in the family Heteractide several genera, e. g., in addition to the
two already mentioned, Eloactis, Rhopalactis and Stauractis. Of
these, as I have already suggested (’93), the genus Eloactis, as
judged by the species #. Mazeli, is probably with greater pro-
priety referable to the family Halcampidez, and I have now
shown that one at least of the members of the genus Ragactis
must also be transferred to another family. Families based upon
mere external characters have no firm foundation, tentacles may
vary enormously in shape, warts or tubercles may be absent or
present within the limits of the same family, and cases like the
present show, if proof be still wanting, that the criteria for a
proper classification of the Actiniaria are to be obtained only by
the careful study of the internal anatomy of the various forms.

We must add then, provisionally, to the genera included in the
family Sagartide, the genus Heteractis, since one of the forms
assigned to it has proved to be a typical Sagartid. Whether,
however, the type species of the genus, H. aurora, will also prove
to be a Sagartid, or whether it will be necessary to remove H.
lucida from the genus Heteractis, remains to be determined. And
furthermore the affinities of Ragactis pulchra must also be ac-
curately studied before the proper generic term for H. lucida can
be finally determined.

186 Notes on Some Actinians from the Bahama Islands,

Family DENDROMELID &.

In my earlier paper (’89) on West Indian Actiniaria I proposed
anew sub-tribe Dendromeline for the reception of the peculiar form
Lebrunea neglecta discovered by Duchassaing and Michelotti
(760) and proposed to place in it also the genus Ophiodiscus de-
‘scribed by R. Hertwig (’82). Since that time I have come to the
conclusion that I gave the group too high a mark and have sug-
gested (’93) its reduction to a family of the sub-tribe Actinine.
With the two forms already mentioned it seems that a third
should be associated, namely, the Hoplophoria coralligens de-
scribed by H. V. Wilson (’90), which, as I have already pointed
out elsewhere (’93), seems to be identical with the Viatrix globu-
lifera described by Duchassaing and Michelotti (60).

Lebrunea neglecta Duch. & Mich. (1860).

A single specimen of this form was in the collection and being
unwilling to injure it, I have nothing to add to the description
of the structure given in my earlier paper. It may be stated,
however, that the number of pseudotentacles is in this individual
six, just as they were in the other specimens examined ; one, how-
ever, is considerably smaller than the others.

Family PHY LLACTID &.
Diplactis bermudensis McMurrich. (1889).

This species I described (’89a) originally from alcoholic speci-
mens from the Bermudas and was pleased to find it represented
in the present collection by several specimens, together with a
drawing (here reproduced in pl. xvii, fig. 3) and a description of
the living animal. I have nothing to add to my original account
of the anatomical characteristics of the species, but am able to
complete it by abstracting from Dr. Northrop’s notes a descrip-
tion of the coloration and form of the living animal.

The column is chocolate brown in color,and when the animal is
expanded has a greater diameter at the base and at the upper part
than in the middle of its length, the upper part forming a slight
parapet projecting above the level of the disc. The tentacles are
brownish red in color and the dise rufous, that is to say, some-
what paler than the tentacles. The papille which represent the
fronds Dr. Northrop apparently overlooked, inasmuch as they

Collected by the late Dr. J. I. Northrop. 187

would be completely hidden by the expanded tentacles, and even
in preserved specimens they are only to be found by careful ex-
amination. What their appearance and form may be in the liv-
ing condition cannot therefore be stated here.

The occurrence of this species in the Bahamas as well as in the
Bermudas suggests the possibility of its identity with one of the
forms described by Duchassaing and Michelotti, and in studying
their descriptions two species are found to be worthy of remark
in this connection. The first of these is the Actinia aster men
tioned by Ellis (’86) and described by him as having ‘a thick,
fleshy, smooth and almost cylindrical stem, ending abruptly at
the top, which is provided with circular rows of tentacles.” This
description contains nothing that is particularly distinctive, but
nevertheless Duchassaing and Michelotti (’66) have identified with
it a form which they describe as about an inch in height and with
the tentacles ringed with white and brown, while the body and
disc are “colorés en rougeatre et en bleu trés-clair.” Taking
this latter description as a guide for the identification of A. aster
it will be seen that while making the necessary allowances for the
uncertainties which are associated with color descriptions, there
is a certain vague approximation of the coloration to that of
Diplactis bermudensis; nevertheless the discrepancies are too
great to allow of an identification of the two forms. Dr. North-
rop’s notes contains no statements as to variations in color of D.
bermudensis, and until it is found that these exist and that they
approximate the coloration described for A. aster, it seems better
to consider the two forms distinct.

Another form also presents possibilities in this connection,
viz., the Anemonia depressa of Duchassaing and Michelotti (’60),
a form with a large disc yellowish in color, with tentacles shorter
than the diameter of the disc, and tinted with shades of blue and
reddish (“leurs nuances sont le bleu et le rougeatre”’). A figure
is given of the disc and tentacles of this form and might answer
for those of D. bermudensis, and if the mention of “le bleu”
were omitted, the color descriptions would correspond fairly
well. Of the two possibilities I think the identity of D. bermu-

densis with A. depressa is the more probable one, but even here

the uncertainty is too great to justify the identification without
further evidence, and for the present it seems wiser to allow the
name used here to stand.

188 Notes on Some Actinians from the Bahama Islands,

Family RHODACTIDA.
Ricordea florida, Duch & Mich. 1860.

Synonym :—Heteranthus floridus (D. & M.) MeMurrich. 1889.

In my paper on the Bahama Actiniaria I described this form
as a species of Klunzinger’s genus Heteranthus, disregarding
the name bestowed upon it by Duchassaing and Michelotti on the
ground that the characters assigned to the genus by those authors
were specific rather than generic, and therefore insufficient, while
Klunzinger’s definition of his genus was quite adequate. Al-
though this criticism still seems to me to be just, yet nevertheless
according to the strict laws of priority Duchassaing and Miche-
lottis’ name is the one which should be employed, and I take this
opportunity of correcting my error in the matter.

Attention may also be called to the probability of the genus
Homactis established by Verrill (69) being identical with Klunzin-
ger’s Heteranthus, so that it too has a claim prior to Heteranthus,
their latter genus not having been established until 1877. Ri-
cordea is, however, prior to both, and therefore should supplant
them.

Family ZOANTHID 4.

Zoanthus nymphzeus (Les.).

Synonyms :—Mammillifera nymphza, Lesueur, 1817.
Palythoa nymphosa, Dana, 1849.
Polythoa (Mammothoa) nymphosa, Andres, 1883.

In 1817 Lesueur established the genus Mammillifera for the
reception of two Zoanthids (which he named JM. auricula and I.
nymphea), and characterized the genus as containing those forms
which possess ‘a large cuticular expansion, serving as the base
of numerous animals, which, when contracted, assume the form of
mamme.” Andres (’83) unites this genus with Palythoa, making
it a subgenus for which he proposes the name Mammothoa, but
this is evidently an error, since he characterized the genus Paly-
thoa as having sandy incrustations in the column walls, while
Lesueur distinctly gives it to be understood that his species of
Mammillifera have fleshy walls. Erdmann in ’85 revived Les-
ueur’s genus, though, as Haddon and Shackleton (’91) have
pointed out, it is questionable if the form he referred to the genus
can be associated with Lesueur’s type species, and it is interest-

Collected by the late Dr. J. I. Northrop. 189

ing accordingly to have an account of the structure of one of —
Lesueur’s species, in order that the true position of his genus may
be determined. pI ais ox

Among the slides which Dr. Northrop had prepared, I find a
number of a Zoanthid which he had provisionally designated No.
3, and also a number of drawings of the same form, one of which
was the figure of the group of individuals taken from preserved
‘specimens (fig. 4). Unfortunately, in the material forwarded me
there were no examples of this No. 3, but there were specimens of
a form which the accompanying label stated to have been col-
lected by Dr. E. A. Andrews at Green Turtle Bay, Bahama Is-
lands. This form resembled in general appearance the drawing
of No. 3, and preparations which I made of it demonstrated with
certainty its identity with Dr. Northrop’s No. 3.

As regards its identity with Lesueur’s M. nymphea, there must
necessarily be a certain amount of uncertainty. It agrees with
the figure of M. auricula given in Lesueur’s paper and it answers
the generic description; unfortunately, I find no memoranda of
its coloration and base the identification with nymphea, rather
than with auricula, on the number of tentacles, which is about
fifty, and which Lesueur states to be about fifty in the former
species and from twenty-six to thirty in the latter.

The individual polyps composing a colony are seated close
together upon a ccenenchymatous expansion, and reach in pre-
served specimens a height of about 2.0-3.5 mm., the measurement
being taken from the point of attachment to the coenenchyme.
The diameter of the column is about 3 or 4 mm. at the top,
slightly less lower down, and the capitulum shows clearly a num-
ber of radiating ridges.

The column wall is smooth and without imbedded particles of
foreign matter. In structure it resembles closely what has been
described for Zoanthus sociatus, the same large lacunar spaces oc-
curing in the mesoglea, while the ectoderm is enclosed within the
outermost portion of the mesoglea, being covered by a meso-
glea, subeuticula and by a cuticle, much more distinct in some
Specimens than in others. The sphincter muscles, which, for
diagnostic purposes, seem to be of great importance in the
Zoanthez, is double, the two parts being well marked off from one
another. The arrangement is shown in fig. 5, and from this it
will be seen that the upper portion of the sphincter is small, while

190 Notes on Some Actinians from the Bahama Islands,

the lower is of some length and in its upper part is composed of a
few large cavities which occupy the entire thickness of the meso-
glea, lower down the cavities becoming smaller, but being for the
most part more or less circular. The figure will however give a
better idea of its arrangement than many lines of description, and
from it it will be seen that in the number and arrangement of the
muscle cavities the sphincter differs from that of any other form
which has hitherto been described, particularly from that of the
form described by Hertwig (’88),as Z. Danx, the sphincter of
which has been described by Erdmann (’85), and which might
possibly be considered identical with the form under considera-
tion.

The tentacles are completely infolded in the majority of the in-
dividuals of the colonies I have examined, being visible, however,
in a few cases. They are short, as is usual in Zoanthids, and are
arranged in two cycles, their number being in the neighborhood
of fifty, fifty-six in one specimen in which they could be counted.
Nothing worthy of note was observed in connection with the disc,
but in connection with the stomatodzum it may be stated that its
siphonoglyph was deep, about one-third of the total surface of
the stomatodzum being occupied by its smooth walls.

The mesenteries are arranged in the microtype (brachycnemic,
Haddon), and there are about 28 to 32 pairs. Each has a single
lacunar space near its point of attachment to the column wall, and
its mesoglea is thinner than is nsual. Three of the individuals
were sexually mature and it is interesting to note that both ova
and spermatozoa were present in the same individual, this species
like that observed by Erdmann (’85) being hermaphrodite.

Isaurus Duchassaingi (Andres).

Synonyms: Zoanthus tuberculatus. Duchassaing & Michelotti. 1860.
Antinedia tuberculata. Duchassaing & Michelotti. 1864.
Antinedia Duchassaingi. Andres. 1883.

This species was originally described by Duchassaing, in a
paper (750) to which I have not access at present as Zoanthus
tuberculatus, the generic name being supplanted in a subsequent
paper (64) by Antinedia. In my paper on the Actiniaria of the
Bermudas (89a) I considered this latter genus to be identical with
the genus Mammillifera as defined by Erdmann (’85); since then
Haddon, in a paper written in conjunction with Miss Shackleton,

feet

Collected by the late Dr. J. I. Northrop. 191

(91) has shown that there is little probability that the species
assigned to the genus Mammillifera by Erdmann present the
characters of the forms upon which that genus was founded by
Lesueur (717), and employs the generic term used by Gray (28)
for a tuberculate Zoanthid. I agree with Haddon’s conclusions
as to this matter and have therefore followed his example in using
the name Isaurus.

The form described by Gray was from an unknown locality and
was given the specific name tuberculatus. I found among the
Bermudan forms which I studied a species which seemed to agree
closely with Gray’s descriptions and I identified it with his
species. At the same time I also identified the species described
by Duchassaing aud Michelotti with this same form, an identifica-
tion I now find to have been erroneous. The tuberculate Zoan-
thid in the Northrop collection is undoubtedly identical with the
form described by Duchassaing and Michelotti, but it presents
unmistakable differences from the Bermuda species, and must be
regarded as distinct from it. The specific name given by Duchas-
saing and Michelotti being preoccupied by Gray’s species, a new
name must be bestowed, and the term proposed by Andres (’83)
Seems most appropriate. Duchassaing and Michelotti’s species
may therefore be known as Jsaurus Duchassaingt.

The appearance of the living animal in its contracted condition
is shown in fig. 6, and I take the following description of it from
Dr. Northrop’s notes. The animals are found growing in groups
of five or six, for the most part disconnected, though one speci-
men had connected with it a smaller individual, evidently pro-
duced by budding, and it may be presumed that each group owes
its existence to this process, the various individuals separating
from one another after a time. Duchassaing and Michelotti
figure two individuals united by a stolon-like cenenchyme, but in
the preserved individuals I examined, separation had taken place.
In color the polyps were yellowish, closely resembling their sur-
roundings, the disc and tentacles being of the same color as the
column. The base is firmly adherent and the column is “ nearly
cylindrical, but generally contracted near the base and often at
intervals above, giving the animal a rather grotesque appearance.
When slightly contracted the column bears a number of tubercles,
which, though irregularly distributed, are more numerous near
the top. In preserved and contracted specimens these tubercles

192 Notes on Some Actinians from the Bahama Islands,

are quite conspicuous.” Ican add to this statement as to the
distribution of the tubercles the fact that the tubercles are more ~
numerous and more perfectly developed upon one side of the
column than on the other, the arrangement described by Haddon
and Miss Shackleton (’91) for J. asymmetricus being thus recalled.

The column wall is very much thinner than that of J. tubercu-
latus and in addition does not show any of the large canals filled
with cells, so abundant in the Bermudan form. Numerous
canaliculi and scattered cells, the latter frequently placed in the
canaliculi, occur, the mesoglea being otherwise structureless.
The ectoderm of the column presents the arrangement which is
usual in Zoanthids, being covered by a layer of mesoglea, the
subcuticula, from which trabecule extend inwards to unite
with the general mesogleea, cavities being thus formed which en-
close packets of ectoderm cells (fig. 7). Externally to the sub-
cuticula is a delicate cuticula to which foreign particles adhere,
and the ectoderm cells contain numerous Zooxanthelle. This
arrangement is identical with what I have described for I. tuber-
culatus (’89a), and agrees in its essential particulars with the ac-
counts of the majority of the authors who have given the matter
their attention. Quite recently von Heider (’95), in his account
of Zoanthus chierchiz, has come to the conclusion that the
trabecule which separate the various packets of ectoderm are cells
and that the subcuticula is formed by the fusion of their outer ends.
Such an interpretation of the appearances is certainly not ap-
plicable to either of the species of Isaurus I have examined; the
trabecule are so thick that their continuity with the mesoglea is
beyond question, and, furthermore, the structure of the sub-
cuticula shows it to be identical with the matrix of the mesoglea.
Nor do the appearances presented by such a form as Zoanthus
sociatus warrant the belief that the trabecule are otherwise con-
stituted than in Isaurus, and so far as my observations are con-
cerned they tend to show that the conclusions of von Heider are
erroneous. 7

The tubercles are thickenings of the mesoglcea, but each con-
tains also a cavity lined with cells continuous with the endoderm.
Dr. Northrop’s notes contain the following description of the
tubercles: “In places the mesogloea contains on its inner side
deep cavities which are lined by the endodermis.. The muscular
layer of the mesogloea, however, does not enter the cavity, but

Collected by the late Dr. J. I. Northrop. 193

forms a ring around its base (7. e., its mouth), so that when con-
traction takes place the base of the cavity is drawn up like a purse
and the body wall bulges out and forms a tubercle.”

The upper portion of the column, which, in completely con-
tracted individuals, forms the apex, is destitute of tubercles and
is furnished with numerous longitudinal ridges. The sphincter
muscle is strong and has the form represented in fig. 8, being
simple, though showing a tendency to be divided into two parts,
an evident constriction (cv) occurring upon it. This is not an in-
dividual peculiarity, as I have found it in three individuals ex-
amined, and it is interesting as forming an intermediate condition
between the simple sphincter of I. tuberculatus and the double
one of the genus Zoanthus.

The tentacles are arranged in two rows and their number seems
to be double that of the pairs of mesenteries.

The mesenteries are arranged on the microtype, and vary in
number in the different individuals from eighteen to twenty-three
pairs. They are much more slender than those of I. tuberculatus,
and though thickened towards their insertion with the column
wall, yet this thickening is slight when compared with that of
tuberculatus. Two or three slightly elongated (in section) canals
are found in the thickened portion of the perfect mesenteries, the
imperfect ones containing but onecanal. No reproductive organs
occurred in any of the specimens examined.

The stomatodzeum presents a well developed siphonoglyphe and
its surface is thrown into numerous marked ridges which corre-
spond in a general way, but not accurately, with the intervals be-
tween successive pairs of perfect mesenteries.

LIST OF REFERENCES.

1886. ELLIs, J.—The Natural History of many curious and uncommon Zod-
phytes collected from various parts of the Globe systematically ar-
ranged and described by Daniel Solander. London. 1786.

1817. LESUEUR, C. A.—Observations on several species of the genus Actinia ;
illustrated by figures.—Jowrn. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia. Vol. I.
1817.

1828. GRAY, J. E.—Spicilegia Zodlogica. London. 1828.

1850. DUCHASSAING, P.—Animaux radiaires des Antilles. Paris. 1850.

1860. DUCHASSAING, P. ET MICHELOTTI, G.—Memoire sur les Coralliaires des
Antilles—Mem. de lV Acad. Sci. Turin. Ser. II. Tome XIX. 1860.

194

1864.

1882.

1883.
1885.

1888.

1889.
1889a.
1890.

1891.

1893.

1895.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Notes on Some Actinians from the Bahama Islands.

DUCHASSAING, P. ET MICHELOTTI, G.—Supplément an Memoiresur les
Coralliaires des Antilles—Mem de l’Acad. Sci. Turin. Ser. II. Tome
XXII. 1864.
HERTWIG, R.-—Report on the Actiniaria—Scient. Results of the Voyage of
H. M. 8. Challenger during the years 1873-76. Zodlogy. Vol. VI,
Part XV. 1882.
ANDRES, A.—Le Attinie—Atti dei Lincei. Ser. 8. Vol. XIV. 1883.
ERDMANN, A.—Ueber einige neue Zoantheen. Ein Beitrag zur ana-
tomischen und systematischen Kenntniss der Actinien. Jenaische Zeit-
schr. Naturwiss. Bd. XIX. 1885.
HERTWIG, R.—Report on the Actiniaria. Supplement—Scient. Results of
the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during years 1873-76. Zoology, Vol.
XXVI, Part LXXXIIT. 1888.
MceMurazicu, J. P.—The Actiniaria of the Bahama Islands, W. I.—Jour-
nal of Morphology. Vol. III. 1889.

McMurkricu, J. P.—A contribution to the Actinology of the Bermudas.
—Proe. of the Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia. 1889.
WiLson, H. V.—On anew Actinia, Hoplophoria coralligens.—Studies
from the Biolog. Labor. Johns Hopkins Univ., Vol. IV. 1890.
HAppon, A. C., AND SHACKLETON, ALICE M.—Reports on the Zodlog-
ical collections made in Torres Straits, by Professor A. C. Haddon, 1888—
1889. Actiniz. I. Zoanthe. Scient. Trans. Royal Dublin Soc. Ser. II,
Vol. IV. 1891.
McMtrricu, J. P.—Report on the Actiniz collected by the U. 8S. Fish
Commission Steamer Albatross, during the winter of 18S7-1888. Proc.
U. S. Nat. Museum. Vol. XVI. 1893.

Von HEIDER, A.—Zoanthus Chierchie, nu. sp. — Zeitschr fir wiss.
Zoologie. Bd. LIX. 1895.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVII.

. Transverse section through tentacle of Heteractis lucida. th=tubercle.

Zeiss C 2.
. Transverse section through a pair of mesenteries of the first cycle of

Heteractis lucida. Zeiss A 2.

Fig. 3. Diplactis bermudensis, natural size. Drawn by Mrs. Northrop.

Fig. 4
Fig. 5

. Zoanthus nympheus, x 3. Drawn by Mrs. Northrop.

. Longitudinal section through the upper part of the column wall of
Zoanthus nympheus, Showing the sphincter. sp/—=upper and sp—lower
part of the double sphincter. Zeiss a 2.

Fig. 6. Isawrus Duchassaingi, natural size. Drawn by Mrs. Northrop.
Fig. 7. Portion of a transverse section through the column wall of Isawrus

Fig. 8

Duchassaingi. cu=cuticula; seu=subcuticula; ee=ectoderm; mg—meso-
gloea.

. Longitudinal section of the upper part of the column wall of Jsawrus
Duchassaingi, showing the sphincter. er=constriction almost dividing
the sphincter.

otyse F7

V@E IX, (PEATE XVi1.

N be HE ] Wy

= UU,

SS we

ANNALS N,

VOL. 1X, PLATE XVII.

= S ee

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. SCIENCES:

V.—On the Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic
Plates.

BY HAROLD JACOBY.
Read April 6th, 1896.

1. It has been evident for some time that the great mass of
photographic plates which have been accumulating in the hands
of astronomers can not be subjected to measurement without
considerable delay. Indeed, this delay will probably be as great
as a quarter of a century in the case of some of the plates which
will ultimately be measured with precision. In other cases, no
doubt, the measurement will never be made. It is clear that very
great interest attaches to the question of how long the plates can
be kept without impairing the degree of precision attainable in
their measurement. In the case of the Rutherfurd plates this
question is especially important, because the major portion of
the whole collection of plates is stillunmeasured. If these plates
admit of accurate measurement they furnish us with a source of
information of the greatest value, since they are now about
a quarter of a century old, and will therefore supply a unique
contribution toward the study of inter-stellar motion.

It is fortunately possible to decide this question in a very sim-
ple manner, as far as the Rutherfurd plates are concerned. It is
merely necessary to remeasure some of the plates which were
very carefully measured under Mr. Rutherfurd’s direction soon
after they were made. <A simple comparison of the new measures
with the old ought then to bring to light any possible changes in
the plates. It is true that such a comparison will not furnish
definitive information as to the permanence of the modern gela-
tine dry-plates, such as are now everywhere in use for astronom-
ical photography. For the Rutherfurd photographs were made
by the old wet-plate process, using albumenized plates. Yet it
is not improbable that the modern dry-plates will equal in dura-
bility the ones used by Rutherfurd, so that the very favorable re-
sult obtained in the present paper is most encouraging to the
hope that the measurement of the plates now being made will be
possible at epochs quite remote from the present time.

196 Permanerce of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

The cluster of stars most convenient for the present. research ~
is, of course, the group of the Pleiades. This group was fre-
quently photographed by Rutherfurd, and ten of his best plates
were carefully measured under his direction by Miss Ida C. Mar-
tin. Each of these plates has two impressions. The results of
all these measures by Miss Martin have been published.* It has
seemed very appropriate that the first work to be undertaken
with the Repsold photographic measuring machine presented to
the Observatory of Columbia University by Mr. Rutherfurd
Stuyvesant should be the remeasurement of these old Pleiades -
piates, for the purpose of deciding the question of their perma-
nence. This question once settled, the measurement of the other
clusters photographed by Rutherfurd can be commenced. Many
of these clusters have never been micrometrically determined.
The only ones that have been measured with the heliometer, so
far as we know, are the Pleiades and the Praesepe.+ The latter
cluster has been very carefully measured with the heliometer of
the Gottingen Observatory, and Dr. Schur has only very re-
cently published his most exhaustive discussion of these observa-
tions. He has not failed to point out the great desirability of
publishing the results of Rutherfurd’s later work on this cluster.
But he has not emphasized the fact that his own heliometer ob-
servations are of the greatest importance in the reduction of all
the Rutherfurd work. Since the appearance of the Gottingen
triangulation of the Praesepe it has become possible to get a very
complete check upon the scale-value and other constants of reduc-
tion of the Rutherfurd plates. These constants have heretofore de-
pended altogether on Dr. Elkin’s work on the Pleiades. It is to
be hoped that, after the Praesepe plates have been measured, a
comparison with the Géttingen triangulation will throw much
light upon several points which have not as yet been made quite
clear. The measurement of the Praesepe plates will therefore be
the next work undertaken in connection with the Rutherfurd pho-
tographs.

2. The Repsold machine for the measurement of astronomical
photographs belonging to the observatory of Columbia Univer-
sity is almost exactly similar to the one constructed by the same

* Annals N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. VI, p. 239.

+ While the present paper was being printed, the Observatory of Yale Uni-

versity published a heliometric triangulation of the cluster in Coma Berenices,
by Dr. Chase. This cluster is also among those photographed by Rutherfurd.

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 197

>makers for Prof. Bakhuyzen, and which has been fully described

by him (Bulletin du Comité Permanent, Tome I.,p. 169). A very
brief description of the instrument may perhaps not be out of
place here. It consists essentially of an arrangement for com-
paring distances on the plate with a carefully graduated metal
scale. To accomplish this a micrometer microscope is mounted
on trunnions in such a way that by revolving the microscope
through a very small angle it is possible to direct it towards either
the plate or the scale. In this way it is possible to make successive
bisections of the star and scale with the same microscope. Thus
the position of the star with respect to the scale is measured
micrometrically. The trunnions are parallel to the scale. The
plate itself is mounted on a very firm casting which slides upon
ways that are at right angles to the scale. The microscope
with its trunnions slides upon another pair of ways that are
parallel to the scale. Thus it is possible to center any star on
the plate under the microscope by moving the microscope along
its slide parallel to the scale, and the plate on its casting along
the ways at right angles to the scale. The star having been
centered in this way, a comparison with the scale gives us one
coordinate of the star on the plate. It is evident from this
that the codrdinate as measured will be influenced by anv diver-
gence from exact straightness that may exist in the ways
carrying the plate and its holder. For this reason, the greatest
care has been taken to make these ways straight. The guiding
way is a cylinder, because a cylinder can be constructed more
nearly exact than any other geometrical form. The other way is
merely a plane, and acts only as a support, not at all as a guide.
In order to measure the second coordinate, it is necessary to turn
the plate through a right angle, and then to proceed as before. To
accomplish this a graduated circle is provided, read by two mi-
crometer microscopes to single seconds. _

The microscope used throughout the present series of observa-
tions for bisecting the plate and scale is provided with two dis-
tinct sets of wires, moved by separate screws at right angles to
each other. Both sets of wires are in focus at the same time,
though, of course, the two sets are not exactly in the focal plane
of the microscope. The object of having two sets of wires is to
measure plates that have had a réseau, or network of straight
lines, photographed on them. For such plates, this double

ANNALS N. Y. AcAD. Sci., IX, October, 1896.—14.

198 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

microscope allows both coérdinates to be measured in one posi
tion of the microscope by referring the star to the nearest straight
lines. In the present research, only the horizontal screw of the
microscope has been used. For the Rutherfurd plates have not
the photographed réseau, and therefore the measures were made
by the method described above in which the two coordinates are
separately obtained by means of a direct comparison with the
scale.

The errors of the measuring machine which can have an in-
fluence upon the measured coordinates, and which were therefore
investigated with considerable care, are as follows:

1. Errors of the micrometer screw.

2. Division errors of the scale.

3. Deviations from perfect straightness of the guiding cylinder
of the machine.

4. So-called errors of prejection. These errors are caused by
the fact that the trunnions about which the microscope revolves
do not maintain a perfectly constant direction when the micro-
scope with its trunnions is moved to different positions on its
slider. This is caused by a lack of perfect straightness in the
slider. The consequence of any slight change in the direction
of the line joining the trunnions is of course to produce a slight
error when the microscope is revolved about the trunnions in the
comparison of the star with the scale. The existence of small
errors from this source was pointed out by Donner (Acta
Soc. Fenn. XXI. No.8). Prof. Donner gave a method for the in-
vestigation of these errors. I have, however, preferred to neglect
them altogether in the present research for the following reasons.
Their investigation is a somewhat laborious operation requiring
a great deal of time. Moreover, it is almost impossible to obtain
a determination of them which will have quite sufficient weight.
For this reason, the Messrs. Repsold have devoted considerable
attention to devising a form of machine which will not be subject
to these errors at all. They have come upon a plan which prom-
ises complete success, and this plan will be carried out in the new
machine which they are now constructing for the observatory of
Columbia University. It follows that if the errors in question
had been elaborately investigated for the purpose of the present
research, the results would not have been useful any further, be-
cause the next series of measures. undertaken will be made with

Ret ee ae
ge AS | -

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 199

the improved machine. But in the case of the present research
the omission of these errors is of minor importance, for it is not
our object to obtain the coérdinates of the stars with the very
last degree of precision possible. It is only intended to get a
comparison of the old and new measures, and it is evident that
the omission of these tiny corrections will tend to diminish the
agreement of the two sets of measures, if indeed it has any ap-
preciable effect at all. Consequently the favorable conclusion
which we shall obtain further on as to the durability of the
Rutherfurd plates will not be impaired in the slightest by the
circumstance that we have omitted these errors of projection.

We shall now consider the above different errors of the measur-
ing machine, beginning with the errors of the micrometer screw.
The periodic errors of the screw were not determined, because it
has always been possible to eliminate them almost completely by
repeating all measures with the position of the screw changed by
half a revolution. The non-periodic, or progressive errors were
determined by a modification of the method used by Gill for the
determination of the errors of the scales of the Cape heliometer.
I am not aware that this method has been used elsewhere for the
investigation of micrometer screws, and as it gives a determina-
tion of the progressive errors with very high precision but com-
paratively little labor, a brief description of it will not be out of
place here. The full description of the method in all its details
is now in course of publication in the American Journal of Science.
It can be applied directly to the screws of micrometer micro-
scopes, such as are used for reading scales or circles.

The observations consist in a series of readings of the divisions
of the scale, taken with the micrometer microscope. In the pre-
sent case, the scale is divided into millimetres, and as two revolu-
tions of the screw correspond to one millimetre on the scale, it
has only been possible to determine the error of the screw for
each second complete revolution. A special scale a few milli-
metres in length, and divided into quarter millimetres, has been
made by the Messrs. Repsold. With this scale the non-periodic
errors will now be determined for a larger number of points on the
screws. .

The microscope is provided with an apparatus for counting the
whole revolutions of the screw, and the range is from

R R
5.0 to 15.0.

200 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

Consequently the progressive errors have been determined for the
points :

R R R R R R

5.0, 7.0, 9.0, II.0, 13.0, 15.0.

The errors determined for each point are independent of any as-
sumed law for the variation of the progressive errors of the
screw. The portion of the scale used for the present purpose is.
numbered from 73 to 78 inclusive, the numbering on the scale de-
creasing with increasing readings of the micrometer screw. The
observations were made in a series of operations in each of which
the screw was read on all the divisions of the scale, between 73 and
78, possible in the position occupied by the microscope during
that operation. And the position of the microscope was changed
between the operations in such a way that the observations in
the successive operations were obtained in accordance with the
following scheme. This scheme shows the results of two separate
series of observations made by Mrs. Herman 8. Davis.

OPERATION 1.

First SERIES. SEcoND SERIES.
Scale. Screw. Diff. Scale. Screw. Diff.
“3 13.0014 fl “3 13.0100 ‘
77 15.0018 2.0004 77 15.0109 2.0009;

OPERATION 2.

First SERIES. Seconp SERIES.
Scale. Screw. Diff. Scale. Screw. Diff.
78 j I 1.0020 ‘ 78 I 1.0156 e
77 13.0040 2.0020 77 13.0220 2.0064.
76 15.0058 2.0018 76 15.0200 1.9980:

OPERATION 3.

First SERIES. SEconD SERIES.
Scale. Screw. Diff. Scale. Screw. Diff.
78 9.0025 78 9.0045
77 II.0070 2.CO045 77 11.0080 2.0035
76 I3.0100 2.0030 76 13.0115 2.0035

75 I5.01I9 2.0019 75 15.0150 2.0035,

”

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

First SERIEs.

Scale. Screw.
78 7.0076
efi 9.0115
76 II.0170
75 13.0235
74. 15.0226

First SERIEs.

Scale. Screw.
78 5.0115
oti 7.0160
76 9.0205
75 IT.0285
74 13.0320
73, 15.0322

First SERIEs.

Scale. Screw.
77 5.0026
76 7-0095
79 9.0140
74 II.O1g90
WES 13.0239

First SERIES.

Scale. Screw.
76 : 5.0005
75 7-0070
74 9.0085
73 II.O152

First SERIES.

Seale. Screw.
75 5.0020
74. 7.0020
73 9.0101

OPERATION 4,

OPERATION 5.

OPERATION 6.

OPERATION 7.

Diff.
2.0065

2.0015
2.0067

OPERATION 8.

SECOND SERIES.
Scale. Screw. Diff.
78) ensswt
77 9.0125 2.0037
76 II.O175 2.0050
75 13.0230 2.0055
74. 15.0225 1.9995
SECOND SERIES.
Seale. Serew. Diff.
78 5.0131
77 7.0170 2.0039
76 9.0210 2.0040
75 T1.0275 2.0065
74 13.0315 2.0040
7B 15.0320 2.0005
SECOND SERIES.
Scale. Screw. Diff.
Th) exer
76 7.0155 2.0040
75 9.0235 2.0080
74 II.0280 2.0045
73, 13.0314 2.0034
SECOND SERIES.
Scale. Screw. Diff.
mm, R R
76 5.0161
75 7.0215 2.0054.
74. 9.0250 2.0035
73 11.0308 2.0058
SECOND SERIES.
Seale. Screw. Diff.
mn, R z
75 5.0024
74 7.0020 1.9996
73 9.0092 2.0072

201

202 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

OPERATION 9.

First SERIES. SECOND SERIES.
Seale. Screw. Diff. Seale. Serew. Diff.
74 ~—«5,0040 74 5.0035
73 7.0102 2.0062 a 7.0090 2.0055

The micrometer readings in the column headed “ Screw” are
the means of two separate settings in every case except the first
and last in each column. The latter are the means of eight set-
tings. It can be shown that the precision of the whole result is
very greatly increased by giving an increased weight to the first
and last readings in this way. The numbers in the column
“Diff.” are found by substraction of the successive numbers in
the preceding column. They are, therefore, the distances on
the screw corresponding to the various millimetre spaces on the
scale. It will be found that every millimetre space on the scale
has been compared with the following spaces on the screw:

577) 7-9, 9-11, II-I3, 13-15.

The results are collected in the following table, which gives the
numbers from the column “ Diff.” above minus 2*. These quanti-
ties are expressed in units of the fourth decimal place.

First SERIES. SECOND SERIES.
Screw Revolutions. Screw Revolutions.
Seale. 5-7 7-9 Q-II II-I3 13-15 Seale. 5-7 7-9 9Q-II TI-13 13-15

787i =i) 4560) seas 20 79-77, 1-39) 4-37 pS
HRMS 8) =A 55. apg seus 77-78 =-49; 4 A© 4 5OR eos
76-75 +65 +45 +80 65 +19 76-75 +54 +80 --65 Ge SR aS
75-74 OEE 50 35 9 si Ab Seg Spals AO sy
74-73 62 181 -F67 649 = 2° 74-731 55 a7? Sipe ee
|
T

Means. +48 +45 +59 +40 7 Means. -537: 7553 (a0 0 apes

It is evident that the quantities in the above table are the
amounts by which the several millimetre spaces of the scale ex-
ceed two revolutions of the screw at various parts of its length.
Consequently, the means at the foot of the columns are the cor-
responding excesses of the mean millimetre space. In other
words, if we take the mean millimetre space as our standard of
length, these means are the amounts by which the various dis-
tances of two revolutions of the screw are in error. A summation

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 203

of these quantities will therefore give us the errors of the screw
at the various points observed. The method of computation will
be plain from the following table. We have:

First SERIES. SECOND SERIES.

R Error. Sum. R Error. Sum.
eave | 4S Hap 40 Bi) Mee aad ie ASF
inte, ap = (93 lies) +53 + 90
g-It 59 eho g-II =a +141
II-13 +40 +192 II-I3 +46 +187
ILS = 7 +199 UG SUS) a +192

The numbers in the column “ Sum” are evidently the errors of
the screw at the successive points:

WP 5 O* 5 Ts Taye ’ Tb
We may therefore proceed as follows:

Fiest SERIES. SECOND SERIES.

Read. of Errorof Prog. Final Read. of Error of Prog. Final
screw. screw. corr. error screw. Screw. Corr. error.
5 oO fo) fe) 5 oO O fo)
7 ao = 40l CEne 7 gti tae On ae
9 meg OSeal a= COR, (iir13 9 “OO SUT ay Vial BS
II +152 —I20 +32 II +I4l —1I5 +26
13 mote 12-100." 51-33 13 ar Sih libs) | See
15 TeLOO pass tO9l S10 15 192 —I192 fo)

The quantities in the column headed ‘“ Error of Screw” are
the summed errors from the preceding table.

headed ‘“ Progressive Correction,
varies uniformly as we proceed along the screw.

The next column,

contains a correction which
It is intended

to make the errors,of the screw zero at the ends, and amounts to
no more than changing our standard of length. Up to this point
we used as our standard of length the mean millimetre of the scale.
The application of the progressive correction makes the total
length of the screw the standard, and the quantities in the last
column, headed “ Final Error,” will therefore serve to reduce
readings taken with this screw to what they would have been if
the screw had no progressive errors. The signs will have to be
changed in order to get the corrections that must be added to
observed readings of the screw. Wethus get the following final
table of corrections that must be added to observed readings of
the screw, in order to reduce them to what they would have been
if the screw were free from non-periodic errors.

204 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

Finat TABLE OF NON-PERIODIC SCREW-CORRECTIONS.

Read. of Serew. First Series. Second Series. Final Mean.
R R R R
5 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
7 — .0008 ++ .o0o1 — .0004
9 — .col3 — 0013 — .0013
II = og = 0026 — .0029
13 — .0033 -— .0034 — .0034
15 .0000 .0000 .0000

It can be shown mathematically that the corrections determined
for the various points by the above method possess very nearly
equal weight. That the method gives results of extremely high
precision, is evident from the agreement of the two entirely inde-
pendent series. In examining these, it should be remembered
that unity in the fourth decimal place corresponds to one twen-
tieth of a micron on the scale, or 0.00005 millimetre.

In the actual reduction of the observations, it was found con-
venient to combine the above errors of the screw with the ordi-
nary correction for runs. The latter was always carefully deter-
mined by reading the divisions numbered 60 and 65 on the scale.
The distance between these two divisions corresponds very nearly
to ten revolutions of the screw, and as no more than two revolu-
tions were ever used in the measurements, the error of runs may
be regarded as determined with quite sufficient precision. As we
shall see further on, the divisions numbered 60 and 65 on the
scale have equal errors of division. The error of runs determined
from them did not therefore require correction for errors of divi-
sion of the scale itself. Runs were always observed at the be-
ginning and end of a day’s work, which lasted about three hours.
As no appreciable variations of the run were. ever obtained, the
mean for the day was used for all the observations of that day.
The run varied considerably from day to day, however.

The combined correction for run and errors of the screw was
obtained in the following way. Bearing in mind that the read-
ings of the screw increase as the numbering on the scale decreases,
let us put:

R
&=Reading on 60 minus Reading on 65 minus 10.0000,
k==The non-periodic screw-correction already determined,
=Any reading of the screw, whether taken on the star or scale.

Then the complete correction for runs and screw-error, which
must be added to the reading S is:

Drees

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 205

one
—8 to 4&4

Inasmuch as this correction is added to the readings on both
the scale and star, and as the coordinate of the star is obtained
by subtracting one of these readings from the other, it is allow-
able to add any quantity not a function of S to the above expres-
sion. By so doing we can make the expression always positive.
Finally, then, the total correction to be added to all readings of
the screw has been taken as:

R
ante rer + k +- 1.2 R + 0.0035.

The object of using the quantity :

= 1.2 It +- 0.0035,

«

instead of a simple numerical constant, was to obtain the desired
result without making any of the corrections unduly large. A
set of tables were computed and the above corrections were taken
from them without interpolation. In computing these tables, the
screw corrections already determined were interpolated between
the limits 9* and 12°. The screw was not used outside these
limits in the present research.

An example of one of these tables, computed for R= + 0.0195
is given here.

R R R

9 ne) II
.O -+-o.0080 -+0.0053 -++0.0026
ait .0078 .0050 .0022
52 .0076 .0047 .0020
3 .0072 .0044 .OO17
4 .0070 .0042 .OO15
5 .0067 .0039 .0013
6 .0063 .0036 .OOIO
57/ .OO6I .0034 .0008
8 .0059 .003 1 .0006
9 .0056 .0028 .0003

3. We take up next the consideration of the division errors of
the scale. These were determined for the Observatory by the
Kaiserliche Normal Aichungs Kommission at Berlin. The method
employed for determining the errors of the centimetre lines
was that which I have described as Gill’s method in the
American Journal of Science for May, 1896. This method

*hAwrue ae

206 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

is, however, credited to Leman and Thiessen in the report
of the Aichungs Kommission. The millimetre lines were de-
termined by comparison with a standard centimetre whose sub-
divisions had been previously carefully examined. The details
of the present scale investigation, as well as those of an indepen-
dent investigation which has been undertaken at Columbia Uni-
versity, are reserved for a separate publication. The present de-
termination was made in such a way that the mean millimetre of
the scale is taken as the standard millimetre. Consequently, the
division errors for the two end lines of the scale are zero. The
following table contains the division errors, the positive sign in-
dicating that the interval between the zero line and the line in
question is greater than the numberof millimetres indicated by
the number attached to the line. Consequently, in measuring with
this scale, we must add to distances obtained directly the correc-
tion given in the following table, in order to obtain what we would
have got if all the spaces of the scale were equal to the mean mil-
limetre space.

TABLE OF DIVISION ERRORS OF THE SCALE.

Line | Corr. | Line} Corr. | Line| Corr. | Line} Corr. | Line} Corr.
oO .000 | 27 | --.004 || 53 | —+-.002 79 | +-.004 | 105 | +.002
I | —.oor] 28 | +.002] 54 | +.004 80 | +.004 } 106 | +.002
2 | —.oo1 | 29 | +.002] 55 | +.003 81 | +.004 | 107 | +.002
3 | —.oor | 30 | +.003] 56 | +.004] 82 | +.004 | 108 | +.002
4 .000 | 31 | +.003} 57 | +.005 83 | +.004 | Iog | +.002
5 .000 | 32 | +.003] 58 | +.005 84 | +.003 | Il0 | +-.cor
6 .000 | 33 | +.002] 59 | +.005 85 | -+.003 | III .000
7 .000 | 34 | -+-.002} 60 | +.004 86 | +.001 | II2 | .000
8 | —.ool | 35 | +.003} 61 | +.004 87 | +.004 | 113 .000
9 | —-.00L | 36+) +-.003 || "62. -—-.004 |°388 | -—.e02)) Tra Sea
Io | +.001 | 3 +.003 | 63 | +.006] 89 | +.003 | II5 | —+-.00r
Ir | +.002] 38 | +.002| 64 | +.005 go | +.003 | 116 | +.001
I2 | +.001} 39 | +.003 | 65 | +.004 ol | +.004 | 117 | +.003
13 | +.001 | 4o | +.002]| 66 .006 | 92 | +.002 |) T18)|)—-.008
14 .000 | 41 | +.001 | 67 | +.004] 93 | +.002 | 119 | +.003
15 +.001 | 42 | +.001}] 68 | +.003 94 .002 | 120 | +.002
16 | +.001] 43 | +.002] 69 | +.005 95 | +-.002 | I2I | +-.002
17 .000 | 44 | +.002] 7o | +.005 96 | +.002 | 122 | +.002
18 .000 | 45 | +.002} 71 | +.005 97 | -+-.002 | 123 | +.002
I9 | +.001 |] 46 | +.002] 72 | +.004 98 | -++-.002 | 124 | --.003
20 | -+.001] 47 | +.002] 74 | +.004] 99 | +.002 | 125 | +-.002
2r | +.001} 48 | +.002] 74 | +.004 | Ioo | +.002 | 126 | +.003
22 | +.o01| 49 | +.003| 75 | +.003 | Ior | +.0or | 127 | +.002
23 .000 | 50 | +.003] 76 | +.005 | 102 | +.o001 | 128 | +.001
24 | -+-.00E | 52 | +-.003 | 77 | --.005 || 102.) =-/00r |) 129) -.003
25 | +.001] 52 | +.003 | 78 | +.004 | I04 | +.001 | 130 .000

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 207

4. We shall now consider the errors caused by a deviation from
perfect straightness in the guiding cylinder of the machine. It
was not at first intended to take these errors into account in the
present research, for the reason that it was certain a priorz that
they would be extremely small. Moreover, there was some delay
in securing the apparatus needed for the investigation of this
matter. The computations were therefore carried out without the
application of any corrections for lack of straightness of the
cylinder. The cylinder was, however, very carefully investigated
afterwards, and it was found that no appreciable errors could be
observed. The method employed for the investigation of the
cylinder was that used by Gill in the investigation of the Cape
of Good Hope measuring machine. It consists in comparing the
cylinder with a stretched spider thread. For this purpose a
stretched spider thread was carefully mounted on an iron plate,
which could be inserted in the machine in the same way that the
ordinary photographic negatives are putin. The spider thread
being then made very nearly parallel to the cylinder by means of
the position circle, it was merely necessary to move the plate
along the guiding cylinder, and bisect the spider thread at various
positions with the micrometer microscope. We thus measure
directly the departure of the cylinder from a straight line, pro-
vided we assume that the spider thread itself is exactly straight.
But as the thread was stretched with considerable tension, it is
not possible that it should deviate at all from a sensibly straight
line. Its own weight would of course make it hang in a catenary
curve, but it is the projection of this curve upon a horizontal
plane that we bisect. And this projection would of course be
perfectly straight. As a further precaution, all the measures
were repeated with the thread-plate turned through an angle of
180°. In this way any error of the cylinder will be determined
separately by two entirely different parts of the thread. If there
be real errors of the cylinder, they should come out sensibly the
same from the two positions of the thread-plate.

In order that it may be possible to fix the points of the cylinder
for which the errors are determined, there is an auxiliary scale
attached to the machine. This scale is parallel to the cylinder,
and is attached to the casting that carries the plate. A rough
auxiliary microscope serves to read this scale to the nearest tenth
ofa millimetre. The numbering on this scale runs from 200 to

208 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

330, and in the present series of observations the thread was bi-
sected at intervals of five millimetres throughout its length. The
following table contains the readings on the thread obtained by
two independent observers, Mrs. Herman 8. Davis and Mrs.
Annie Maclear Jacoby. Each number is the mean of at least six
observations, made in three independent series. In each such
series the observations were always repeated in the reverse order,
so as to eliminate the effects of any possible continuous changes
of temperature.

TABLE OF SPIDER THREAD OBSERVATIONS.

OBSERVER DAVIS. OBSERVER JACOBY.
Spider Line. Spider Line.
Scale. Dir’t. Rev’d. Dir’t. Rey’d.
325 9.4987 9.4977 9.5000 9.5000
320 .4985 .4970 .5007 .4988
315 -4993 -4977 -4997 .4998
310 5000 -4970 .4998 -4990
305 -4999 -4967 -4997 .4978
300 -4996 .4968 -5017 .4990
295 -4997 .4968 - 5002 -4997
290 .4987 -4950 . 5000 -4985
285 -5004 -4965 -4983 -4997
280 .4980 -4953 .4988 -4985
275 -4993 -4965 -4993 -4985
270 -4996 -4947 -4980 -4983
265 -4995 -4953 .4987 .4982
260 -4997 -4955 .4982 -4987
255 -4987 -4952 -4977 -4978
250 -4991 -4955 .4982 -4985
245 .4987 -4947 -4987 .4985
240 -4985 -4957 .4968 -4988
235 -4966 -4943 -4972 -4983
230 -4971 -4932 -4958 4977
225 -4967 4937 .4962 -4980
220 .4962 .4928 -4957 .4988
215 -4972 -4937 -4958 -4962
210 -4962 ~ .4930 -4940 -4970
205 -4964. -4933 .4932 -4968

If there be appreciable errors of the cylinder, they should ap-
pear from the variation of the numbers in the above table. But
first these numbers must be corrected for a possible lack of paral-
lelism of the spider thread and the cylinder. It is also evidently
allowable to add a constant to all the numbers. The following
method of reduction has been used. Let:

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 209

NV be one of the observed numbers in the table.
S be the corresponding reading of the scale.
x,y be two constants to be determined.

From each observed number in the table an equation of the fol-
lowing form was written down:

bn Sige 295) Bo aie Ni =O

From a solution of these equations by least squares the values
of «and y were determined. A separate solution was made for
each column of observed numbers in the preceding table. If we
then let: ;

NN’ be the corrected value of the error of the cylinder, we can
compute WN’ by the equation:

N’ = N+ 3 (S—265) @ + y.

It is evident that this method of reduction amounts to nothing
more than the application to the observed numbers of a correc-
tion that varies uniformly as we move along the cylinder. Such
a correction evidently removes the effect of any want of paral-
lelism of the cylinder and spider thread. The constant correction
y is added for convenience merely.

The solutions of the equations by least squares give the fol-
lowing results :

“ GF y
Observer Davis, Spider line direct, —0.000135 —9.4985
Observer Davis, Spider line rever’d., — .ooo188 — .4953
Observer Jacoby, Spider line direct, — .o00260 — .4981
Observer Jacoby, Spider line rever’d., — .co0089 — .4984

Applying these numbers to the calculation of the corrected
errors of the cylinder, which we have called N’, we get the final
results contained in the following table:

210 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

TABLE OF ERRORS OF THE CYLINDER.

OBSERVER DAVIS. OBSERVER JACOBY.
Spider Line. Spider Line.
Scale. Dir’t. Rev’d. Dir’t. Rev’d. Final Mean.
R R R R R
325 —0.0014 -+0.0002 —0.001I2 -+0.0005 —0.0005
320 — .00I5 — .0004 — .0003 — .0006 — .0007
315 — .0005 + .0005 — .001I0 -++ .0005 = scoot
310 «6+ .0003 .0000 — .0006 — .c002 — .0001
305 + .0003 — .OOO1 — .0005 — .O013 — .0004
300 -+ .0002 -+ .0002 + .oo18 .0000 + .0006
295 + .0004 -} .0004 + .0005 + .0008 —+ .0005
200) —— 0005) OO + .0006 — .0003 — .0004
285 -+ .o014 -++ .0004 — .0008 + .0009 ++ .0005
280 — .0009 — .0006 — .000I — .0002 — .0004
275 + .0005 + .0008 + .0007 — .OooI + .0005
270 + .oo10 — .0008 — .0004 — .0002 — .OO0I
265 -- .OOIO .0000 + .0006 — .0002 + .0004
260 -+ .0013 -+- .0004 + .0004 + .0004 + .0006
255 -+ .0005 -+ .0003 + .000I — .0004 + ..0001
250 -+ .colIo + .0008 + .0009 -+ .coo4 ++ .o008
245 .0007 -++ .0002 + .0016 -+ .0005 + .0008
240 -+ .0007 -+ .0013 0000 + .0008 + .0007
235. — .OOII -+ .OOO1 + .0007 + .c004 .0000
230 — .0005 — .0008 — .0005 — .OOOI — .0005
225 — .0007 — .OOOI + .0002 -+ .0003 — ,O00I
220 — .OOIIT — .0008 — .000I + .0012 — .0002
215 .0000 + .0003 + .0003 — .0013 — .0002
210 — .0008 — .0002 — .001I2 — .0004 — .0006
205 — .0005 -+ .0002 — .0o018 — .0005 — .0006

The above results bear eloquent testimony to the precision with
which the measuring machine has been constructed. It must be
borne in mind that the above errors are not strictly errors of the
cylinder. They include the errors caused by any defect in the
way the casting that carries the plate follows the cylinder. Re-
membering that unity in the fourth decimal place corresponds to
0.00005 millimetre, we see that in no case does the cylinder error
amount to halfa micron. We can, therefore, conclude that no
harm has been done by the omission of the cylinder errors in the
present research. Still the numbers in the last column above
show a prevalence of the negative sign at the beginning and end
of the column. This seems to indicate that a very slight curve
exists in the cylinder. If it were desired to apply the corrections
here determined, it would be necessary to apply the above num-
bers with reversed sign to the observed screw reading obtained
in the bisection of the star.

5. Having finished the description of the investigation of the

aa

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 211

various errors of the machine, we come now to the measures of the
plates. As we have already pointed out, the arrangements are
such that the stars on the-plate are compared successively with
the divisions ona metal scale. Evidently it is merely necessary
to subtract the reading of the scale belonging to the central star
from that belonging to any other star, in order to get the coérdi-
nate of the latter, referred to the central star as the origin. It
will be most convenient to use the central star as the origin, be-
cause the old measures were made in polar coérdinates, 7. €., posi-
tion angle and distance from the central star.

The first difficulty that presents itself arises from the fact that
we are measuring glass plates with a scale made of German silver.
As the coefficients of expansion of glass and German silver are
very different, errors of appreciable magnitude might easily be
caused by variations of temperature during the observations.
For this reason, we have always repeated all our observations in
the reverse order, immediately after finishing a series of any kind.
The manner of doing this will be explained below. We havealso
taken the greatest care in securing readings of the position circle
microscopes and the runs of the micrometer. Both were taken at
the beginning and end of each series of observations, experience
having shown that it was unnecessary to take them more frequently.

All the observations were made by Mrs. Herman S. Davis, and
Mrs. Annie Maclear Jacoby. The following are the instructions
that were written out by me for the guidance of the observers. I
give first the instructions for making a complete comparison of a
star with the scale:

“ry, See that the eye-piece is central over the wires, and the

reading of the micrometer about 9.000.

2. Read on the eastern impression of the star.
Read on the next smaller number of the scale.
Repeat 3.

Repeat 2.

Sara:

Change the reading of the micrometer to about 9.500.
. Repeat 2, 3,4, and 5, using the western impression of the
star.”

~I

These seven operations constitute a complete comparison of the
star with the scale, and when speaking of such comparisons,
complete comparisons are always meant.

212 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

In order to understand the above, it is necessary to bear in
mind that it was Mr. Rutherfurd’s invariable custom to make
two impressions on his plates. They differ a little in right ascen-
sion, but not at all in declination. It is, therefore, clear that by
reading the western impression with the micrometer changed by
half a revolution, as explained in the above instructions, the mean
result from the two impressions will be almost entirely free from
periodic errors of the micrometer screw. Moreover, it will be
noticed that the principle of repeating all observations in the re-
verse order is rigidly adhered to in the above instructions.

While this careful use of the above principle may reasonably
be expected to remove the effects of any changes of temperature
that may take place during a single set of observations, it is
otherwise with changes that may take place at longer intervals of
time. Measures made on one day are not immediately compara-
ble with those made on another day. For the scale may have a
different temperature on the second day, so that we shall really
be measuring with a different standard of length on the two days.
It has therefore been necessary to standardize the scale every
day. This was done in the following way.

A pair of stars were selected differing very greatly in both
coordinates, and therefore situated near opposite corners of the
plate. These were carefully compared with the scale each day,
and all the measures of that day were multiplied by a constant
factor of such magnitude as would make the distance between the
standards an absolute constant. Moreover, a special series of
inter-comparisons of the distance between the standards in the
a-coordinate and the y-codrdinate was made, so as to be sure that
the unit of measurement should be the same for both coordinates.
we shall return to this matter later, as it is desirable first to give
the further instructions furnished to the observers. These were
as follows :

“To standardize the measures it is necessary to select a pair of
standard stars having a very wide difference of both coOrdinates.
These stars we will call Aand B. The successive operations will
now be as follows :

‘““(a) Compare the standard stars with the scale in the order
A, B, B, A.

““(b) Compare the central star twice.

““(c) Compare a number of other stars with the scale, and then

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 213

repeat all the comparisons, taking the stars in the inverse order.

““(d) Repeat (b) and (a).

“The series of measures (a), (b), (c), and (d) will constitute a
morning’s work; and this can be carried on till all the stars have
been measured in one coordinate. The microscopes connected
with the position circle should be read each day, before beginning
and after ending work. ‘The same should he done with the ther-
mometer.

“To measure the other coordinate, the position circle must be
turned through a right angle, as nearly as may be, and all the
stars must be measured in the same way.”

It will be seen that throughout the above instructions the prin-
ciple of repetition in the reverse order has been as closely adhered
to as before. We have not been content with measurement made
according to the above plan, however, but have again repeated all
the measures in exactly the same way with the position circle
turned through an angle of 180° from each of its former positions.
This doubled the labor, but it has the advantage of eliminating
any personality in bisecting the images. For if the observer has
a habit of always putting the thread of the microscope too far to
the right in making a bisection, then when the star-image is re-
versed 180° the same personality will affect the resulting co6érdi-
nate with the opposite sign. Consequently the mean of the two
measures will be free from any such personality, if it remain con-
stant. Needless to say,as every star was measured twice at least
each day, it has been possible to have the measure of each star on
each day divided equally between the two observers. Conse-
quently, the final position for each day is made to depend on two
observers instead of one. In making the measures with the plate
reversed 180°, operations 1 and 6 in the observer’s instructions
were interchanged for the more complete elimination of the peri-
odic screw-errors.

We shall give an example of the method employed for record-
ing and computing the comparisons of the star and scale. The
star measured is Anon. 34, which was one of the standards. Of
course the blank forms for recording these measures were arranged
so as to bring all the measures of any given star so far as possi-
ble together on one sheet of paper. But all the measures of the
present research were made in the manner shown below, so that
the series of operations, of which this is a specimen, is to be re-

ANNALS N. Y. AcAD. Sct., IX, October, 1896.—15.

214 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

garded as the elementary one from a repetition of which all the
final results were obtained.

Date, Dec. 31, 1895.

xX
STAR. SCALE.
Difteroues
s S :
Microm. Gin cal Diy. Microm. © Coruna Means.
Run. Run.
9.517 34 9.799
EAST .516 .710
Means 9.5165 + 67 9. 7095 +61 0.1930 | —6
9.009 34 9.21
WEST -OIL | -219
Means 9.0100 +80 9.2185 +76 0.2085 | —4
Mean of Differences =m 0.2008 | —5
Measured by Davis. ym 0.1004. | —2
Division Error Corr. -++.0020
Star | 34.1022

The above is a measure of the #-codrdinate, corresponding to
the direction of right ascension on the plate. It is one of the
measures for which the position circle had been reversed through
an angle of 180°, so that operations 1 and 6 have been inter-
changed. This is the reason why the first reading on the star

R *
was made with the microscope screw set near 9.500. This par-
ticular measure was selected as an example because the run of the
microscope was :

R=+0.0195,

so that we can use the specimen table of run and screw-error cor-
rections given on p. 205. From that table are taken the numbers
given here in the columns headed “ Screw Corr.” The rest of the
above example requires little explanation. The column headed
“Div.” gives the number attached to the line of the scale upon
which a reading was made. The screw corrections were not ap-
plied directly to the observations, but were carried along on the
narrow column on the extreme right, expressed in units of the
fourth decimal place. This column contains the difference of the

mse
aa

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 215

two screw corrections belonging to the two numbers whose dif-
ference is set down in the column headed “ Difference of Means.”

This method of reduction has the advantage of showing very
clearly how much the results have been affected in each individual
case by the application of the screw corrections. The line begin-
ning “‘ Mean of Differences” gives the mean of the measures of
the east and west impressions, together with the mean of the two
corresponding screw corrections. This number being expressed
in revolutions of the screw needs to be divided by 2 in order to
turn it into divisions of the scale. The next line, therefore, con-
tains the half of the number in the preceding line, together with
the corresponding half of the screw correction. This last has
now become only 2 units of the fourth decimal place. The
next line contains the division error of the line numbered 34 on
the scale. This was the line read in the present measure, and the
division error for it was taken from the table on p. 206. The last
line then contains the point on the scale that is exactly opposite

this star, according to the present measure. The number is ob-
tained by applying the division-error correction and the tiny

screw correction to the number marked “‘ %4m.” The whole num-
ber, 34, is simply the number attached to the line read on the
scale.

It sometimes happens that the same line is not read on the scale
for both the East and West impressions. For we always read on
the next smaller division line of the scale, and if a line of the scale
happened to be between the East and West images, the lines read
for the two images would not be the same. In such cases it is
evidently necessary to take the mean of the lines as well as the
mean of the microscope readings. Thus if the line read for the
West impression in the above example had been 35 instead of 34,
the final line at the end should be 34% instead of 34. This would be
expressed by writing the final number 34.6022 instead of 34.1022.

6. The table given below contains the results of all the mea-
sures, set down in chronological order, according to the date of
measurement. ‘Two lines are devoted to each set of measures like
the one just described. All the measures of each star taken on
the same day are placed side by side, as it was thought this ar-
rangement would make reference to the table more convenient.
Of course the measures were not taken in the order as set down,
but were made in strict accordance with the principle of repetition

216 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

in the reverse order, exactly as described above in the instruc-
tions given the observers.

At the head of each day’s work are given the readings of the
thermometer and position circle microscopes, together with the
observations made for the determination of the runs. These quan-
tities were always observed both before and after the day’s work,
and both results are given here. The mean was always used in
the further reductions. The thermometer readings are in Fahren-
heit degrees.

For convenience of reference, a rotation number has been as-
signed to each star in this table.

The initials in the last column are those of the two observers,
Mrs. Herman 8. Davis and Mrs. Annie Maclear Jacoby.

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 18, X-cOORDINATE.

Temperature, 57.0, 60.5.

Runs, +.0200, +.0200.

Date of Measures, 1895 Nov. 30.

217

d 4“
°

Circle right 181 43 28, 43 28

Circle left

43 52,43 50.

Microm. Readings.
Desig. " Mean | Screw Final :
coe Re On Seale. Diff 5) aud DAW. Reading. Obs’r.
Star
Line| Reading.

A 34, E | 9.0045 | 28] 10.3090 | +1.3045| 0.7019] .0000|] 29.2019) D.
W | 9.5025 | 29| 11.0055 | +1.5030
E | 9.0310 | 28} 10.3405 | +1.3095 | 0.7019 0000 | 29.2019) D.
W | 9.5150] 29) 11.0130 | +1.4980

1 E | 8.9990} 28) 10.3290 | +1.3300| 0.7106} .0000| 29.2106| J.
W | 9.4785 | 29) 10.9910 | +-1.5125
E | 9.0150 | 28, 10.3400 | +1.3250)| 0.7072 0000 | 29.2072] J.
W | 9.4975 | 29] II.0cI5 | +1.5040

18 m, E | 9.0310 | 100} 9.8170 | +-0.7860 | 0.4325 |+-.0003 | 100.9328 OD.
W | 9.5140 | IOI | 10.4580 | +0.9440
E | 9.0000 | 100} 9.7840 | +0.7840 | 0.4358 |-+.0003 | 100.9361 | D.
W | 9.5190 | IoI | 10.4780 | +-0.9590

2 E | 8.9950} 100} 9.7855 | +0.7905 | 0.4401 |-++.0003 | 100.9404 | J.
W | 9 5025 | IOL | 10.4725 | +-0.9700
E | 8.9680 | 100} 9.7675 | +0.7995 | 0.4426 |-+-.0003 | 100.9429| J.
W | 9.4905 | 1or | 10.4615 | +0.9710

24 p, E| 9.0010 | 65] 10.9950 | +1.9940| 0.5411 |+.0025 | 66.5436| J.
W | 9.5005 | 67} 9.6710 | +0.1705
E | 9.0225 | 66) 8.9905 | —0.0320 | 0.0350 |-+.0049 | 66.5399| J.
W | 9.4990 67) 9.6710 | +0.1720

3 E_ 9.0320) 65| II.0090 | +1.9770| 0.5355 |-+-0025 | 66.5380} D.
W | 9.5195 | 67] 9.6845 | +0.1650
E | 9.0190 | 65 | 10.9985 | +1.9795 | 0.5349 |+.0025 | 66.5374 D.
W | 9.5165 | 67| 9.6765 | +-0.1600

A 12, E | 8.9990 | 71/| 10.8450 | +-1.8460 | 0.4679 |+-.0032 | 72.4711] J.
W | 9.4850 73| 9.5105 | +-0.0255

4 E)} 9.0190} 71] 10.8585 | +1.8395 | 0.4639 |+.0032 | 72.4671 | D.
W | 9.5215 | 73] 9 5375 | +-0.0160

A 22, E | 8.9850} 64) 10.8885 | +1.9035 | 0.4924 |+.0041 | 65.4965| J.
W | 9.5005! 66) 9.5665 | +0.0660 :

5 E| 9.0115 | 64) 10.9165 | +1.9050 | 0.4946 ;+.0041 | 65.4987| D.
W | 9.5265 | 66} 9.6000 | +:0.0735

A 24, E | 9.0470 | 63) 10.9510 |"+1.9040 | 0.4989 |-+.0036 64.5025| OD.
W | 9.5050 | 65| 9.5965 | +-0.0915

6 E| 9.0450) 63} 10.9480 | +1.9030| 0.4979 |+.0036| 64.5015] D.
W | 9.4975 | 65| 9.5860 | +-0.0885,4

218 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 18, X-coORDINATE ( Continued).

Microm. Readings.

Desig. i Mean Screw Final ;
cae Ae On Seale. Diff. 5) ree Reading. | Obs’r.
Star.
Line} Reading.

A 28, E | 9.0105 | 49/| 10.7020 | --1.6915 | 0.8970 |+.0005 | 50.3975] OD.
W | 9.5070 | 50] 11.4035 | +1.8965

7 E)| 8.9955 | 49} 10.6910 | +-1.6955 | 0.9009 |+-.0005 | 50.4014} J.
W | 9.5070 | 50| 11.4150 | +1.9080

A 30, E | 9.0150 36 | 10.9900 | +1.9750 | 0.5346 +.0010 | 37.5356} OD.
W | 9.5205 | 38) 9.6840 | +0.1635 |

8 E | 8.9825 | 36] 10.9650 | +1.9825 | 0.5362 |+.0010 | 37.5372| J.
W | 9.4875 | 38] 9.6500 | ++-0.1625

A 39, E | 9.0260} 18] 9.1645 | +-0.1385 | 0.1112 |+.0002| 18.6114} D.
W | 9.5150] I9} 9.8215 | +0.3065

9 E | 8.9955 | 18] 9.1505 | +0.1550| 0.1209 |+.0002| 18.6211; J.
W | 9.4810} 19] 9.8095 | +0.3285

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 18, Y-COORDINATE.

Date of Measures, 1895, Dec. 2.

Temperature, 58.8, 63.5.

219

/ 4
°

Circle right 91 43 31, 43, 38

Runs ++.0180, +.0180. Circle left 43 52, 43 50-
Microm. Readings.
meee On Seale. Diff. Mew ana Final | Obs’r.
Star On 2 Error. | Reading.
Star. ;
Line | Reading.
A 34, E | 9.0160 | 94] 11.0055 | +-1.9895 0.9900 |—.0006 | 94.9894 | D.
W | 9.5030 | 94 | 11.4735 | +1.9705
E | 9.0205 | 94] 10.9895 | +1.9690 0.9856 |—.0006 | 94.9850 | D.
W | 9.4895 | 94] 11.4630 | +1.9735
10 E| 9.0165} 94| II.0070 | +-1.9905 0.9912 |—.0006 | 94.9906 J.
W | 9.4320 | 94) 11.4065 | +-1.9745
E | 9.0050 | 94! 10.9940 | +1.9890 0.9922 |—-.0006 | 94.9916 | J.
W | 9.5180} 94) 11.4980 | +1.9800
18m, E | 9.0300} 19] 9.3730 | -+o.3430 0.1641 |+-.0006 | 19.1647 | D.
W | 9.5230 | 19] 9.8365 | +0.3135
E | 9.0115 | 19] 9.3615 | +0.3500 0.1650 |-++.0006 | 19.1656 | D.
W | 9.5100} 19] 9.8200 | --0.3100 |
11 E/| 8.9605; 19| 9.3010| +0.3405 | 0.1629 |+.0006 | 19.1635 | J.
W | 9.4930 | 19) 9.8040 | +0.3110
E | 9.0245 | 19} 9.3610 | +-0.3365 0.1639 |+-.0006 | 19.1645 | J.
W | 9.4910} 19] 9.8100 | +-0.3190
24 p, H | 8.9815 | 68) 8.9545 | —o.0270 | —o.0072 |-++.0030 | 67.9958 J.
W | 9.5070} 68} 9.5050 | —o.0020
E | 9.0020} 68] 9.0345 | +0.0325 | +0.0099 |+-.0030 | 68.0129| J.
W | 9.4895 | 68) 9.4965 | +0.0070
12. E/ 9.0005} 68} 9.0165 | +0.0160 | +0.0015 |+.0030 | 68.0045 D.
W | 9.5220} 68} 9.5120 | —o.oI00
E | 9.0230 | 68} 9.0415 | --0.0185 | +0.0018 |+.0030 | 68.0048 | D.
9.5290 | 68} 9.5175 | —O.OII5
A 12, | 9.0015 | 40] 10.2110 | +1.2095 0.5972 |++.0005 | 40.5977 J.
W | 9.5000} 40} 10.6795 | +1.1795
18 E| 9.0400) 40} 10.2385 | +1.1985 0.5918 |-++-.0004 | 40.5922] D.
9.5135 | 40] 10.6820 | +1.1685
A 22, E| 8.9700 | 81) 10.4320 | +1.4620 0.7225 |+.0022 | 81.7247) J.
9.4915 | 81) 10.9195 | +1.4280
14 E)| 9.0255 | 81| 10.4785 | +1.4530| 0.7166 \+.0021 | 81.7187, D.
W | 9.5155 | 81) 10.9290 |} +17.4135
A 24, E | 9.0255| 56] 9.5545 | +0.5290 0.2608 |-++.0033 | 56.2641 |_ D.
9.524) | 56) 10.0380 | +0.5140
15. E| 8.9875 | 56] 9.5295 | +0.5420 0.2666 |+.0034 | 56.2700| J.
W | 9.5020} 56} 10.0265 | +0.5245

220 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 18, Y-cOORDINATE ( Continued).

Microm. Readings.

of On scale. Diff. and Div. Final | Ops’r.
Star. On 2 Error. Reading.
Star.

Line | Reading.

A 28, E | 9.0440 | 115| 9.2225 | +0.1785 | 0.0836 | +-.0008 | 115.0844 | D.

W | 9.5310 | 115| 9.6870 | +-0.1560

16 E) 8.9845 | 115! 9.1745 | 0.1900 | 0.0866 | +.0008 | 115.0874 | J.
W | 9.5035 | 115] 9.6600 | +-0.1565

A 30, E| 9.0245 | 83] 9.4595 | +0.4350 | 0.2112 | +.0035 | 83.2147| D.

W | 9.5115 | 83] 9.9215 | +0.4100

1% E | 8.9715 | 83! 9 4080 | +0.4365 | 0.2151 | +.0035| 83.2186] J.
W / 9.5115 | 83} 9.0355 | +0.4240

A 39, E | 9.0295 | 41 | 10.0925 | +1.0630 | 0.5249 | —.0004| 41.5245] OD.
W | 9.5160) 41) 10.5525 | +1.0365 :

18 E| 9.0205 | 41) 10.0905 | +1.0700 | 0.5315 | —.0004 41.5311| J.
W | 9.4955 | 41] 10.5515 | +-1.0560

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 221

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 18, STANDARDS.

Date of Measures, 1895, Dec. 3.

Temperature, 57.5, 64.0.

Runs,*

Microm. Readings.

On Seale.

Line

Reading.

Y-COORDINATE.

Circle right ol 43 38, 43 36.

Circle left

Screw
and Diy.
Error.

43 46, 43 54-

Final
Reading.

10.9805
II.4915
10.9910
TI.4795

9.3475
9.8265
9.3580
9.8445

94.9821

94.9782

19.1612

19.1617

X-COORDINATE.

d Md
°

Circle right 181 43 Ah 43 49

Circle left 43 49, 43 35:
Microm. Readings.
Desig. t Mean Screw Final ;
pole an On Seale. Diff. SSD ee Readine, Obs’r.
Star.
Line| Reading.
A 34, E | 9.0080 | 28) 10.3225 | 1.3145 | 0.7044 | +0.0001 | 29.2045} D.
9.5270 | 29]| 11.0300 | 1.5030
21 ~=E| 9.0420 | 28} 10.3645 | 1.3225 | 0.7062 0.0000 | 29.2062) OD.
W | 9.5195 | 29/ 11.0220 | 1.5025
18 m, E | 9.0325 | 100| 9.8305 | 0.7980 | 0.4414 | +0.0003 | 100.9417; D.
9.5085 | 101 | 10.4760 | 0.9675
22 E| 9.0165 | 100] 9.8095 | 0.7930 | 0.4398 | +-0.0003 | Ioo.9401 | OD.
W | 9.5110 | 101 | 10.4770 | 0.9660

* The runs were not observed, and the observations were reduced with the
assumed value R= + 070195.

222 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 18, STANDARDS (Continued).

X-cOORDINATE (Rev'd).

Circle right ie 43 37, 43 38.

Circle left

43 49, 43 48.

Microm. Readings.
Desig. ; | Mean Serew Final ;
nom be On Seale. Dit ey and Div. | Reading. Obs’r.
Star.
Line| Reading.
A 34, E | 9.5255 | IOI | 10.9340 | 1.4085 | 0.6556 | —0.0003 | IOI.1553| OD.
9.0185 | 100 | 10.2325 | 1.2140
23. E | 9.5440 | Ior | 10.9520 | 1.4080 | 0.6558 | —0.0003 | IOT.1555| D.
W | 9.0000 | 100 | 10.2150 | 1.2150
18 m, E | 9.5325 | 29] 11.4720 | 1.9395 | 0.9282 | —o.0006 | 29.4276| D.
W | 9.0445 | 28] 10.8180 | 1.7735
24 E | 9.5285| 29| 11.4615 | 1.9330 0.9249 | —0.0006 | 29.4243 OD.
W | 9.0365 28 | 10.8030 | 1.7665 | |

Microm. Readings.

On

On Seale.

Line

Reading.

Y-coORDINATE (Rev'd).

Circle right 271 43 54, 43 5I.
Circle left

Mean
2

43 28, 43 28.

Final
Reading.

Obs’r.

35
35
35
35

III
III
III
IIt

10.2660 |
9.7965
10.2840 |
9.8090 |

9.9335
9.4500
9.9100
9.4400 | 0.4230

0.3786
0.3808

0.2044 | —0.0006 |

0.2031

-+-0.0019
-++0.0019

—o.0006 |

35-3805
35-3827

III. 2038

III.2025

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 223

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 18, X-coORDINATE (Rev’d).

Date of Measures, 1895, Dec. 5.

Temperature, 61.0, 68.5. Circle right 1 43 38, 43 40.
Runs +.0210, +.0190. Circle left 43 32, 43 25-
Microm. Readings.
Desig. Ss) :
‘of e On Seale. Diff. Mena sndlitee Final Obs’r.
Star. Gin onl MUN an aE EES 2 Error. Reading.
plan Line} Reading.
A 34, E | 9.5160 | IOI | 10.9235 | 1.4075 | 0.6580 | —o.0003 | 101.1577 D.
W | 9.0045 | 100| 10.2290 | 1.2245
E | 9.5240 | IOI | 10.9315 | 1.4075 | 0.6576 | —0.0003 | 101.1573} D.
W | 9.0020 | I00 | 10.2250 | 1.2230
20 E | 9.4815 | Ior | 10.8985 | 1.4170 | 0.6592 | —0.0004 | 101.1588? J.
W | 9.0045 | 100 | 10.2245 | 1.2200
E | 9.5040 | IOI | 10.9190 | 1.4150 | 0.6566 | —0.0003 | 101.1563, J.
W | 8.9905 | 100 | 10.2020 | 1.2115
18 m, E | 9.5485 | 29) 11.4925 | 1.9440 | 0.9294 | —0.0006 | 29.4288 D.
W | 9.0315 | 28} 10.8050 | 1.7735
E | 9.5160 | 29} 11.4550 | 1.9390 | 0.9261 | —o.0006 | 29.4255 | D.
W | 9.0350 | 28} 10.8005 | 1.7655
28 E| 9.5045 29| 11.4540 | 1.9495 | 0.9339 | —0.0006 | 29.4333| J.
W | 9.0045 | 28) 10.7905 | 1.7860
E | 9.4885 | 29] 11.4345 | 1.9460 | 0.9308 | —0.0006 | 29.4302) J.
W | 8.9735 | 28) 10.7505 | 1.7770 .
24 p, E'| 9.5205 | 64| 10.2655 | 0.7450 | 0.3268 | +0.0046 | 63.8314 | J.
W | 9.0000} 63) 9.5620 | 0.5620
E | 9.4875 | 64| 10.2100 | 0.7225 | 0.3170 | +0.0046 | 63.8216/| J.
W | 8.9940 | 63} 9.5395 | 0.5455
29 E/ 9.5200) 64] 10.2515 | 0.7315 | 0.3194 | +0.0046| 63.8240] D.
W | 9.0350} 63] 9.5810 | 0.5460
E | 9.5160 | 64] 10.2475 | 0.7315 | 0.3185 | +0.0046 | 63.8231 | D.
W | 9.0295 | 63} 9.5720 | 0.5425 |
A 12, E | 9.4885 | 58| 10.3695 | 0.8810 | 0.3960 | +0.0038 | 57.8998 | J.
W | 8.9960 | 57) 9.6990 | 0.7030
30) EE} 9.5355 | 58)| 10.4080 | 0.8725 | 0.3951 | +0.0038 | 57.8989
W | 9.0365 | 57| 9.7445 | 0.7080
A 22, E| 9.4930 | 65} 10.3180 | 0.8250 | 0.3686 | +-0.0035 | 64.8721 | J.
W | 8.9605 | 64} 9.6100 | 0.6495 :
31. E!9.5190| 65 | 10.3370 | 0.8180 | 0.3666 | +0.0035 | 64.8701 | D.
W | 9.0230} 64} 9.6715 | 0.6485
A 24, E | 9.5210} 66! 10.3195 | 0.7985 | 0.3529 | +-0.0040 | 65.8569] D.
W | 9.0290] 65} 9.6420 | 0.6130
32. E| 9.4955 | 66/| 10.3055 | 0.8100 | 0.3589 | +0.0040| 65.8629} J.
W | 9.0060} 65) 9.6315 | 0.6255

224 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 18, X-COORDINATE (Rey’d).

( Continued.)
Microm, Readings.
Desi SS)
gue On Scale. Diff. treat pitied
Star On 2 Error.
Star.
Line} Reading.
A 28, E | 9.4960 | 80] 10.5165 | 1.0205 | 0.4601 | +0.0028
W | 9.0110] 79] 9.8310 | 0.8200
33 =E| 9.5040 | 80] 10.5385 | 1.0345 | 0.4639 | +0.0028
W | 8.9990] 79| 9.8200 | 0.8210
A 30, Z| 9.5190] 93] 10.2655 | 0.7465 | 0.3252 | +-0.0010
W | 9.0400 | 92} 9.5945 | 9.5545
84 E| 9.4925 | 93] 10.2485 ; 0.7560 | 0.3300 | +-0.0011
W | 8.9965 | 92] 9.5605 | 0.5640
E 10,1220
W 9.4295
10.1075
9.4280

Final Obs’.

Reading.
79.9629 | D.
79.9667] J.
92.8262! D.
92/82 TT dr

I11.7481

III.7533

iow

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 225

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 18, Y-cOORDINATE (Rev'd).
Date of Measures, 1895, Dec. 6.

Temperature, 63.0, 64.5. Circle right 271 43 55, 43 55:
Runs, -++.0210, +.0190. Circle left 43 20, 43 15.

Microm. Readings.

: Final
On Seale. . i
On Reading.

Star.
Line} Reading.

A 34, E | 9.5130} 35 | 10.2610 | 0.7480 | 0.3758 | +0.0019| 35.3777| D
9-0315 | 35| 9.7865 | 0.7550
9.5390 | 35| 10.2890 | 0.7500 | 0.3770 | +0.0019| 35.3789] D.
9.0435 | 35| 9.8015 | 0.7580
9.5075 | 35 | 10.2620 | 0.7545 | 0.3819 | +0.0020] 35.3839| J
8.9860 | 35) 9.7590 | 0.7730
9-4955 | 35 | 10.2495 | 0.7540 | 0.3800 | +-0.0020| 35.3820; J
9.0035 | 35| 9.7695 | 0.7660

eS)
i)

Hq
oo
3

9.5440 | III} 9.9330 | 0.3890 | 0.1999 | —o.0006 | 111.1993} D
9.0300 | III] 9.4405 | 0.4105
9.4935 | III | 9.8860 | 0.3925 | 0.2031 | —0.0006 | III.2025| D.
9.0390 | III | 9.4590 | 0.4200
9.4905 | III| 9.8800 | 0.3895 | 0.2045 | —0.0005 | 11I.2040| J
8.9810 | III | 9.4095 | 0.4285
9.4920 | 111 | 9.8820 | 0.3900 | 0.2028 | —o0.0005 | II1I.2023| J
9.0130 | III| 9.4340 | 0.42I0

oo
er

9.5045 | 62} 10.2110 | 0.7065 | 0.3588 | +0.0030| 62.3638) J

8.9980 | 62] 9.7265 | 0.7285

9.5015 | 62] 10.2085 | 0.7070 | 0.3595 | +0.0030| 62.3625| J

8.9975 | 62) 9.7285 | 0.7310

9.5275 | 62) 10.2260 | 0.6985 | 0.3558 | +0.0030| 62.3588) D.
D

S
Susu Sdedeaeae Seen snsen SususuSs

os
D

9.0225 | 62] 9.7470 | 0.7245
9.5015 | 62} 10.2080 | 0.7065 | 0.3582 | +-0.0030 | 62.3612
9.0355 | 62) 9-7620 | 0.7265

ANT" 9.4995 | 89| II.0400 | 1.5405 | 0.7791 | +0.0008 | 89.7799| J.
g.0005 | 8g| 10.5760 | 1.5760
39 9.5230 | 89| I1.0560 | 1.5330 | 0.7734 | +0.0008 | 89.7742| D.
9.0520 | 89} 10.6125 | 1.5605
A 22, E | 9.4870 | 48| 10.7705 | 1.2835 | 0.6498 | +-0.0002| 48.6500] J.
W | 9.0055 | 48) 10.3210 | 1.3155 :
40 E|9.5010| 48) 10.7795 | 1.2785 | 0.6494 | +0.0002; 48.6496! D.
W | 9.0470 | 48) 10.3660 | 1.3190
A 24, Z| 9.5120| 74] 9.6950 | 0.1830 | 0.0958 | +0.0037 | 74.0995 | OD.
W | 9.0220 | 74] 9.2220 | 0.2c00
41 E/9.4970!| 74] 9.6995 | 0.2025 | 0.1042 | +0.0037| 74.1079| J.
W | 9.0000} 74] 9.2145 | 0.2145

226 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 18, Y-coORDINATE (Rev’d).—
( Continued.)

Microm. Readings.

F Final

Star.
Line} Reading.

9.5405 10.0715 ¥ 15.2744
9.0180 9.5840
9.4940 10.0440 : 15.2806
8.9945 9.5660

9.5490 9.8385 ; 47.1501
9.0480 9.3525
9.5190 9.8125 47.1540
8.9840 g. 3000

9.5260 IL. 1995 88.8381
9.0240 10.7045
9.5055 II.1845 88.8414
9.0010 10.6890

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 227

Resutts or tHe Measures, Poate 22, X-coORDINATE.

Date of Measures, 1895, Dec. 7.
Temperature, 64.5, 64.8. Circle right 181 27 55, 27 55.

Runs, .0210, 0200. Circle left 27 52, 27 54.

Microm. Readings.
Desig. Mean Serew Final
of On Seale. Diff. : and Diy. ae Obs’r.
Star. On 2 Error, | Reading.
Star.
Line) Reading.
| |
|
A 34, E | 9.0210) 31) 10.6980 | 1.6770 | 0.7869 | +-0.0002 | 32.7871 F

9.5110 | 33) 10.9815 | 1.4705 |
9.0565 | 31/ 10.7245 | 1.6680 | 0.7861 | +0.0003 | 32.7864
9.5050} 33} 10.9815 | 1.4765
8.9935 | 31} 10.6715 | 1.6780 | 0.7881 | +0.0003 | 32.7884
9.5055 | 33| 10.9800 | 1.4745 |
9.0320 | 31 | 10.7050 | 1.6730 | 0.7879 | 0.0002 | 32.7881
9.4880 | 33 | 10.9665 | 1.4785

44 &

=
SJustu Susu sus

9.0395 | 103 | 10.2480 | 1.2085
9.5210 | 105 | 10.4920 | 0.9710
9.0440 | 103 | 10.2485 | 1.2045 | 0.5426 | —0.0001 | 104.5425
9.5430 | 105 | 10.5090 | 0.9660
8.9860 | 103 | 10.1940 | 1.2080
9.4925 | 105 | 10.4725 | 0.9800 |
8.9890 | 103 | 10.2005 | 1.2115 |
9.4999 | 105 | 10.4735 | 0.9745 |

0.5449 | —0.0001 | 104.5448

i
(—)

fe)
On
mS
~I
(e)
o
°
)
(e)
=

104.5469

44 ob

9
on
TS
Ov
nn
I
8
(e)
A

104.5464

8.9960 | 69} 9.3580 | 0.3620 | 0.1258

is
SqS3unaeaeH SeSe

+0.0046| 70.1304] J
9.4935 | 71| 9.6345 | 0.1410
8.9810 | 69) 9.3435 | 0.3625 | 0.1240 | +0.0047 | 70.1287| J
9.4970 | 71| 9.6305 | 0.1335
9.0625 | 69] 9.4115 | 0.3490 | 0.1198 | +0.0047} 70.1245| D.
D

—
er

9.5000 | 71I| 9.6300 | 0.1300 |
9.0355 | 69) 9.3790 | 0.3435 | 0.1189 | +0.0046 | 70.1235
9.5080 | 71} 9.6400 | 0.1320 |

A 12, E | 8.9850| 75| 9.2305 | 0.2455 | 0.0658 | +0.0038| 76.0696| J.

W | 9.4815 | 77| 9.4990 | 0.0175

48 E|9.0175| 75} 9.2575 | 0.2400 | 0.0635 | +0.0038| 76.0673| D.
W | 9.5030! 77) 9.5170 | 0.0140

A 22, E | 9.0005 | 68} 9.2645 | 0.2640 | 0.0746 | +0.0038 | 69.0784 J.

W | 9.5160) 70) 9.5505 | 0.0345 ‘

49 E| 9.0425 68} 9.2950 | 0.2525 | 0.0711 | +0.0038| 69.0749} D.
W | 9.5170) 70) 9.5490 | 0.0320

A 24, E | 9.0330 | 67| 9.3445 | 0.3115 | 0.0992 | +0.0042| 68.1034] OD.
W | 9.4945 | 69) 9.5800 | 0.0855
50. = E| 8.9960 67} 9.3005 | 0.3045 | 0.0984 | +0.0042| 68.1026] J.
W | 9.4950| 69} 9.5840 | 0.0890

228 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 22, X-cOORDINATE (Continued).

Microm. Readings.

M Screw Final
jie On Seale. Diff. a andy. Rendiie: Obs’r.
Star.
Line} Reading.

9.0300 | 53] 9.0445 | 0.0145 | 0.4610 | +0.0017 | 53.9627] D.
9.4980 | 54) 11.3275 | 1.8295

8.9895 | 53] 9.0120 | 0.0225 | 0.4666 | +0.0017 | 53.9683] J.
9.4905 | 54| 11.3345 | 1.8440

9.0560 | 40] 9.3950 | 0.3390 | 0.1136 | +0,0012| 41.1148} D.
9.4965 | 42] 9.6120 | 0.1155

9.0075 | 40] 9.3525 | 0.3450 | 0.1160 | +0,0012 | 41.1772] J.
9.5045 | 42| 9.6235 | 0.1190

9.0385 | 21) 9.6080 | 0.5695 | 0.2269 | —o0.0002 | 22.2267] D.
9.5070 | 23| 9.8450 | 0.3380

8.9840} 21) 9.5535 | 0.5695 | 0.2305 | —o.0001 | 22.2304] J.
9.5100 | 23] 9.8625 | 0.3525

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 229

RESCLTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 22, Y-COORDINATE.

Date of Measures, 1895, Dec. 9.

55:
Runs, +.0180, +.0200. Circle left 27 50, 27) 55:

Temperature, 59.0, 63.5. Circle right gr 27 56, 25

Microm. Readings.

i Final
he On Seale. | . Reading.

Star.
Reading.

9.0320 9.0705 | 0.0385 | 0.0222 | +0.0019 | 93.0241
| 9.5220 9.5725 | 0.0505
9.0340 9.0740 | 0.0400 | 0.0229 | +0.0019 | 93.0248
9.5225 9.5740 | 0.0515
8.9920 9.0350 | 0.0430 | 0.0254 | +-0.0020 | 93.0274
9.4955 9.5540 | 0.0585
9.0010 9.0475 | 0.0465 | 0.0258 | +-0.00Ig | 93.0277
9.5030 9.5595 | 0.0565 ,

&

9.0615 9.5885 | 0.5270 | 0.2600 | —o0.0008 | 17.2592
9.5305 10.0435 | 0.5130
9.0445 9.5705 | 0.5260 | 0.2596 | —0.0007 | 17.2589
9.5075 10.0200 | 0.5125 |

8.9685 9.5070 | 0.5385 | 0.2646 | —0.0007 | 17.2639
9.4835 10.0035 | 0.5200
8.9725 9.5185 | 0.5460 | 0.2682 17.2675
9.4810 10,0080 | 0.5270

8.9780 9.1230 | 0.1450 | 0.0745 ; | 66.0803
9.4790 9.6320 | 0.1530
8.9855 9.1310 | 0.1455 | 0.0732 L 66.0790
9.4975 9.6450 | 0.1475
9.0160 9.1545 | 0.1385 | 0.0709 : 66.0767
9.5130 9.6580 | 0.1450
9.0340 9.1710 | 0.1370 | 0.0702 ; 66.0760
9.5080 9.6520 | 0.1440 |

W
E
WwW
E
W
E
W
E
W
E
W
E
W
E
W

9.0060 10.3475 | 1.3415 | 0.6685 : | 38.6687
9.4980 10.8305 | 1.3325
9.0315 10.3695 | 1.3380 | 0.6675 b 38.6677
9.5320 10.8640 | 1.3320

a a
iS)
Seay

>
iS)
N
4

8.9995 10.5745 | 1.5750 | 0.7872 ; 79.7890
9.5075 II.0815 | 1.5740 i
9.0360 10.5975 | 1.5615 | 0.7820 ; 79.7838
9.5305 II.0970 | 1.5665

9.0425 9.7025 | 0.6600 | 0.3309 : 54.3340
9.5160 10.1795 | 0.6635
9.0130 9.6855 | 0.6725 | 0.3374 : 54.3404.
9.4825 10.1595 | 0.6770

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., IX, October, 1896.—16.

230 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES,

Microm. Readings.

PLATE 22, Y-coORDINATE (Continued). —

Desig ; Mean Screw Final :
ann Re On Scale. Diff. 5} nes Reading. Obs’r.
Star.
Line} Reading.
A 28, E | 9.0165 | 113} 9.2980 | 0.2815 | 0.1415 | —o.o004 | 113.1411 | D.
W | 95250 | 113| 9.8095 | 0.2845
60 E| 9.0060/ 113] 9.2860 | 0.2800 | 0.1424 | —o.0004 | 113.1420| J.
W | 9.4745 | 113| 9.7640 | 0.2895
A 30, E| 9.0225! 81] 9.5405 | 0.5180 | 0.2604 | +0.0032! 81.2636) D.
9.5255 | 81 | 10.0490 | 0.5235
61 E/|9.0215| 81| 9.5455 | 0.5240 | 0.2622 | +0.0033| 81.2655| J.
W | 9.5025 | 81] 10.0275 | 0.5250
A 39, E | 9.0380 | 39/ 10.1435 | 1.1055 | 0.5591 | +0.0014| 39.5605} D.
W | 9.5335 | 39| 10.6645 | 1.1310
62 E| 8.9990} 39] 10.1145 | 1.1155 | 0.5640 | +0.0015 | 39.5655| J.
W | 9.4960 | 39] 10.6365 | 1.1405

Powe SK)
Bye ds ©
ay

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 231

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 22, X-coORDINATE (Rev'd).
Date of Measures, 1895, Dec. to.

Temperature, 61.0, 67.5. Circle right I 27 55, 27 56.
Runs, +.0190, -++.0180. Circle left D522 7 AG.

Microm. Readings.

A Final
Star.
Reading.

9.5525 10.6180 97.5832
9.0320 10.2975
9.5240 10.5910 : 97-5853
9-0375 10.3100
9-4900 10.5690 97-5895
9.0010 10.2780
9.5095 10.5815 97-5863
9.0095 10.2810

5g
4ms4uaua

©
&
&

9.5220 | — 11.0520 : 25.8214
9.0285 10.7870
9-5345 11.0670 : 25.8233
9.0385 10.8020
9-4955 11.0390 : 25.8288
9-0155 10.7900
9.4940 11.0380 : 25.8274
9.0005 10.7690

9.5035 9.8805 60.2459
9.0200 9.6115
9.4865 9.8600 60.2486
9.0000 9.6055
9.5200 9.8840 60.2422
9.0185 9.6080
9.5185 9.8885 60.2418
9.0215 9.6035

WwW
E
W
E
W
E
W
E
W
E
W
E
WwW
E
WwW

9.4979 9.9995 54-3055
9.0005 9.7220
9-5595 10.0420 54-3003
9-0225 9-7345

9.5285 9.9985 61.2936
8.9935 9.6850
9-5205 9.9995 61.2933
9.0515 9.7420

9.5400 9.9420 62.2641
9.0330 9.6700
9.5120 9.9310 62.2717
9.0020 9.6525

232 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

REsutts oF THE MEAsuREs, PLATE 22, X-coORDINATE (Rev’d).

( Continued. )

Microm. Readings.

On Seale.
On

Line} Reading.

10.2495 76.4043
9.9145
10,2125 76.4119
9.9260

9.9360 89.2507

9.0415 ;
oie 89.2556
9.6290

9.7065 108.1430
9.4170
9.6500 108. 1466
9.3739

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 233

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 22, Y-cOORDINATE (Rev’d).

Date of Measures, 1895, Dee. 11.

oe} / Mf 4 “
Temperature, 62.4, 64.0. Circle right 271 27 50, 27 50.
Runs, +.0180, +.0200. Circle left Beh hiss AG) Able
Microm. Readings.
Desig. j Mean Screw Final ;
aoe a On Seale. Diff. 5} aug Din: Reading. Obs’r.
Star.
Line} Reading.
A 34, E| 9.5080} 37] 10.1855 | 0.6775 | 0.3380 | +0.0021 | 37.3401] D.
W | 9.0635 | 37] 9-7380 | 0.6745
E | 9.5415 |} 37 | 10.2225 | 0.6810 | 0.3375 | 0.0021; 37.3396| D.
W | 9.0525 | 37] 9.7215 | 0.6690
42 E/| 9.4915 | 37] 10.1790 | 0.6875 | 0.3401 | +00020] 37.3421) J.
W | 9.0125 | 37| 9.6855 | 0.6730
E | 9.5305 | 37 | 10.2200 | 0.6895 | 0.3408 | +0.0020| 37.3428; J.
W | 8.9865 | 37] 9.6600 | 0.6735
18m, E| 9.5310 | 113} 9.7390 | 0.2080 | 0.1045 | —0.0003 | 113.1042] D.
» W | 9.0550 | 113 9.2650 | 0.2100
E | 9.5485 | 113} 9.7500 | 0.2015 | 0.1048 | —o.0003 | 113.1045 D.
W | 9.0365 | 113} 9.2540 | 0.2175
43 E | 9.4835 | 113] 9.7115 | 0.2280 | 0.1156 | —0.0003 | 113.1153 | J.
W | 8.9845 | 113] 9.2190 | 0.2345
E | 9.4915 | 113 9.7045 | 0.2130 | 0.1074 | —0.0003 | 113.1071 | J.
W | 9.0010 | 113} 9.2175 | 0.2165
24 p, E | 9.5160 |} 64) 10.1050 | 0.5890 | 0.2928 | +-0.0042 | 64.2970| J
W | 9.0195 | 64| 9.6015 | 0.5820 |
E | 9.4955} 64] 10.0790 | 0.5835 | 0.2899 | -+-0.0042 | 64.2941] J
W | 8.9990} 64) 9.5750 | 0.5760
74 FE | 9.5720] 64| 10.1480 | 0.5760 | 0.2869 | +0.0042| 64.2911 | D.
W | 9.0195 | 64] 9.5910 | 0.5715 | |
E | 9.5315 | 64) 10.1130 | 0.5815 | 0.2894 | +-0.0042 | 64.2036 | D
W | 9.0415 | 64) 9.6175 | 0.5760 :
A 12, E | 9.4805 | 91/ 10.8780 | 1.3975 | 0.6991 | +0.0021 | 91.7012] J.
W | 8.9885 | 91) 10.3875 | 1.3990
73 E| 9.5180} 91| 10.9105 | 1.3925 0.6960 | +0.0021 | 91.6981} D.
W | 9.0190; 91) 10.4105 | 1.3915 |
A 22, E 9.4820} 50| 10.6575 | 1.1755 | 0.5861 | +0.0014 | 50.5875 | J.
W | 8.9955 | 50] 10.1645 | I.1690 | :
76 E> 9.5215} 50| 10.6915 | 1.1700 0.5851 | +0.0014 50.5865 | D.
W | 9.0375 | 50| 10.2080 | 1.1705
A 24, E | 9.5345 | 76) 9.5915 | 0.0570 | 0.0278 | +0.0049| 76.0327| D.
9.0140 | 76} 9.0680 | 0.0540
E | 9.5150} 76! 9.5630 | 0.0480 | 0.0249 | +0.0049 | 76.0298| J.
9.0060 | 76| 90575 | 0.0515 |

234 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photogrophic Plates.

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 22, Y-cOORDINATE (Rev’d).—

( Continued.)

Microm. Readings.

On Seale.

Reading.

Screw
and Div.
Error.

Final
Reading.

9.9930
9.4695
9.9615
9.4490

9.7430
9.2430
9.7130
9.2085

II.1710
10.6260
1.1265
10.6000

—0.0006

—0.0006

-+0.0027
| +0,0027

-+0.0008

0.0008

17.2243
17.2263

49.1057
49.1071

go. 8008

90.8033

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 235

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 22, STANDARDS,

Date of Measures, 1895. Dec. 12. Y-cOORDINATE (Rev’d).
fo} d 4d / a
Temperature, 61.8, 58.8. Circle right 271 27 49, 27 47.
Runs, +.0200, +.0180. Circle left 27 RAN QU NANT
Microm. Readings.
Desig. Mean Serew Final
of on Seale. Diff. and Div. ae Obs’r.
Star. On 2 Error, | Reading.
tar. :

Line; Reading.

A 34,.E | 9.0295 | 37| 9.7105 | 0.6810 | 0.3370 | +.0020| 37.3390; OD.

W | 9.5195 | 37) 10.1865 | 0.6670

81 E! 9.0655| 37| 9.7380 | 0.6725 | 0.3354! -+.0021| 37.3375| D.
W | 9.5490 | 37| 10.2180 | 0.6690

18 m, E | 9.0450|113| 9.2565 | 0.2115 | 0.1102 | —.0003 | 113.1099) D.
W | 9.5265 | 113] 9.7560 | 0.2295
82. E| 9.0055 | 113| 9.2160 | 0.2105 | 0.1106 | —.0003 | 113.1103 D.
W | 9.5055 | 113) 9.7375 | 0.2320

X-COORDINATE (Rev’d).
Circle right I 27 ah, 27 50.
Circle left 27 50, 27 52.

Microm. Readings.

On Seale.

On :
Star.
Line} Reading.

8.9960 10. 1045
9.4955 10.8160
9.0010 TO. 1105
9.4825 10.8020

8.9765 10.5480
9.4980 11.3180
9.0025 10.5715
9.5090 11.3260

236 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 22, StanpDARDs (Continued).

X-cOORDINATE

Circle right 181 27 49, 27 40.

Circle left. 27 51, 27 50.

Microm. Readings.

Desig. Screw u
of On Seale. pie (| S22 | Gnaipiy. | Sue rene
Star. On 2 i Error. Reading.

Star.
Line} Reading.

A 34, E | 9.0320) 31/| 10.6635 | 1.6315 | 0.7656 | -++.0004 | 32.7660] D.

W | 9.5165 | 33| 10-9475 | 1.4310

85 E| 9.5320] 31] II.1645 | 1.6325 | 0.7641 | +.0004 | 32.7645] D.
W | 9.0140] 33 | 10.4380 | 1.4240

18 m, E | 9.5445 | 103 | 10.6930 | 1.1485 | 0.5162 | -+.0001 | 104.5163| D.
W | 9.0120 | 105] 9.9285 | 0.9165

86 FE | 9.5310 | 103 | 10.6880 | 1.1570 | 0.5188 | +.o001 | 104.5189] D.
W | 9.0165 | 105) 9.9345 | 0.9180

Y-cOORDINATE.

i “i

Circle right QL 27 50, 27 50.
Circle left 27 48, 27 48.

Microm. Readings.

On Seale. iff. Reading.

Line| Reading.

93| 9.5240 93-0328
93,| 9.0820
93} 9-5445 93-0334
93| 9.0805

17 | 10.0600 17.2647
17| 9.5360
17 | 10.0245 17.2637
I7| 9.5150

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 237

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 24, X-COORDINATE.
Date of Measures, 1895, Dec. 13.
Md

Temperature, 60.5, 66.0. Circle right 182 20 27, 20 2

Runs, +.0190, +-.01go. Circle left 20 20, 20 18.

Microm. Readings.

A Final
On Seale. : :
5 Reading.
On pee eee AeA )

Line} Reading. |

27) 9.3595 27.8997
28 | 10.7600 |
27| 9.3690 27.9017
10.7600
9-37509 | 27-9043
10.7460
9.3380 | 27-9053
10.7585

10.8430 | 99.6258
10.1900 |
10.8445 | 99.6241
10.1840 |
10.7930 | | 99.6264.
10.1815 |
10.8265 99.6258
10.1680

10.0240 | | 65.2361
II.4090 | |
10.0280 65.2335
IT.3935
10.0360 65.2295
II.4090
10.0315 65.2300
II.4215 | |

9.8565 71.1590
11.2405
9.8910 71.1546
11.2710

ae
facie elee—lebte ples

e
8S
4

9.8985 64.1908
11.3105 | ~

9.9305 64.1852
11.3245

&
ao

be
iS
=
co)

9.9715 63.1990
11.3430
9.9710 | 63.2043
| 11.3565

238 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 24, X-cOORDINATE ( Continued).

Microm. Readings.

On
Star.

On Seale.

Reading.

Final
Reading.

9.0035
9.5045
9.0100
9.5010

9.0305
9.5045
8.9705
9.5225

9.0035
9.5205
8.9900
95205

9.7320
II.1265

9-7395
11.1290

10.0630
11.4250
10.0045
11.4485

10.1995
9.6020
Io. 1840

9.5985

49.0885
49.0903

36.2392
36.2410

17.3190
17.3176

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 239

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 24, Y-COORDINATE.

Date of Measures, 1895, Dec. 14.

Temperature, 67.0, 67.0. Circle right 92 20 3, 20 30:

Runs, +.0180, +.0200. Circle left 20 30, 20 32.

Microm. Readings.
Desig. : Mean | Screw Final :
eee aes On Seale. Diff. 5) au Reading. Obs’r.
Star.
Line | Reading.

A 34, E | 9.0330) 93] 10.9875 | 1.9545 | 0.9586 |—.0006| 93.9580) D.
W | 9.5225 | 93] 11.4025 | 1.8800
E | 9.0140 | 93] 10.9680] 1.9540 | 0.9592 |—.0006 | 93.9586] D.
W | 9.5280] 93] 11.4110} 1.8830 |

98 E| 8.9865 | 93} I0.9610| 1.9745 | 0.9660 |—.0006 | 93.9654) J.
W | 9.4820 | 93] 11.3715 | 1.8895
E | 8.9960 | 93; 10.9660] 1.9700 | 0.9651 |—.0006| 93.9645) J.
W | 9.5010} 93] 11.3915 | 1.8905

18 m, E | 9.0265 | 18] 9.3995 | 0.3730 | 0.1692 |—.0004 | 18.1688] D.
W | 9.5180} 18) 9.8220] 0.3040
E | 9.0325; 18] 9.4185 | 0.3860 | 0.1698 |—.0004 | 18.1694] D.
W | 9.5170| 18] 9.8100 | 0.2930

99 E/| 8.9790] 18] 9.3945 | 0.4155 | 0.1816 |—.0005 |, 18.1811 | J.
W | 9.4845 | 18) 9.7955 | 0.3110
E| 9.0140} 18| 9.4075 | 0.3935 | 0.1768 ;—.0004| 18.1764| J.
W | 9.5010] 18] 9.8145 | 0.3135

24 p, E | 9.0035 | 67] 9.0335 | 0.0300 | 0.4961 |-++.0037 | 66.9998} J
W | 9.5105 | 66] 11.4650] 1.9545
E | 8.9955 | 67] 9.0340 | 0.0385 | 0.4988 |4-.0037 | 67.0025| J
W | 9.4835 | 66| 11.4400] 1.9565

100 E | 9.0205} 67| 9.0470 | 0.0265 | 0.4926 |-+.0037 | 66.9963 | D.
W | 9.5380 | 66] 11.4820] 1.9440
E | 9.0255 | 67| 9.0480) 0.0225 | 0.4919 |+-.0036| 66.9955| D
W | 9.5240) 66) 11.4690} 1.9450

A 12, E | 8.9845 | 39] 10.2030] 1.2185 | 0.5900 |+.0014 | 39.5914] J.

9.5010 | 39] 10.6425 | 1.1415

101 E | 9.0120} 39} 10.2190] 1.2070 | 0.5836 |+.0014 | 39.5850| D.
W | 9.5235 | 39| 10.6510] 1.1275

A 22, E | 8.9980} 80/ 10.4615 | 1.4635 | 0.7110 |+.0020| 80.7130| J.
W | 9.4810! 80) 10.8615 | 1.3805 :

102 E | 9.0250] 80} 10.4810} 1.4560 | 0.7059 ;-+.0020 | 80.7079| D.
W | 9.5285 | 80/ 10.8960 | 1.3675

A 24, E | 9.0270 | 55) 9.5780| 0.5510 | 0.2574 |--.0023 | 55-2597| D.
W | 9.5095 | 55| 9.9880 | 0.4785

108 E| 8.9670} 55] 9.5230] 0.5560 | 0.2619 |+.0023 | 55.2642| J.
W | 9.4895 | 55| 9.9810] 0.4915

240 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 24, Y-cOORDINATE ( Continued).

Microm. Readings.

Desig. : Mean | Screw Final ;
mal i On Seale. Diff. 5 a Ey Reading. | Obs’r.
Star.
Line) Reading.
A 28, FE | 9.0450 | 114} 9.2280] 0.1830 | 0.0715 |+.0018 | 114.0733} D.
9.5045 | 114 9.6075} 0.1030
104 E | 9.0225 | 114] 9.2180] 0.1955 | 0.0749 |+.0018 | 114.0767 | . J.
W | 9.4890 | 114| 9.5930] 0.1040
A 30, E | 9.0245 | 82) 9.4430] 0.4185 | 0.1885 |-+.0035 | 82.1920) D.
9.5090 | 82| 9.8445 | 0.3355
105 E | 9.0185 82] 9.4395 | 0.42I0 | 0.1915 |+.0035 | 82.1950] J.
W | 9.4725 | 82) 9.8175 | 0.3450
9.0200 10.0360 40.4887
9.5140 10.4500
8.9760 9.9890 40.4918
9.4985 10.4505

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 241

RESULTS OF THE MEAsurEs, PLATE 24, X-cOORDINATE (Rev’d).

Date of Measures, 1895, Dec. 16.

Temperature, 58.5, 64.0. Circle right 2 20 30, 20 30.

Runs, +.0180, +.0210. Circle left 20) 25, )20122.

Microm. Readings.

Desig. Screw 3
of On Seale. Diff. Mean and Div Eyes Obs’r
Star. On 2 Error. eading.
Star.

Line} Reading.

A 34, E | 9.5185 | 103) 9.9000 | 0.3815 | 0.4660 | —.0003 | 102.4657; D

9.0220 | IOI | 10.5045 | 1.4825

9.5285 | 103| 9.9155 | 0.3870 | 0.4704 | —.0003 | 102.4701} D.
JI
J

aus

9.0205 | IOL | 10.5150 | 1.4945
9.4830 | 103 | 9.8780 | 0.3950 | 0.4618 | —.0002 | 102.4616
8.9785 | IOI | 10.4305 | 1.4520
9.5185 | 103) 9.9080 | 0.3895 | 0.4719 | —.0003 | 102.4716
9.0345 | IOI | 10.5325 | 1.4980

=
Susu

18 m, E | 9.5275 | 31) 10.4370 | 0.9095 | 0.2374 | +.0024 | 30.7398) D
W | 9.0300 | 30) 9.0700 | 0.0400
E | 9.5300 | 31 | 10.4300 | 0.9000 | 0.2345 | +.0024 | 30.7369| D.
W | 9.0540} 30)| 9.0920 | 0.0380

108 E | 9.5020; 31, 10.4285 | 0.9265 | 0.2468; +.0024 | 30.7492| J
W | 9.0110 | 30) 9.0715 | 0.0605
E | 9.4905 | 31 | 10.4055 | 0.9150 | 0.2412 | -++.0024 | 30.7436| J
W | 9.0000 | 30} 9.0500 | 0.0500

24 p, E| 9.4965 | 65 | 11.2065 | 1.7100 | 0.6350] -+.0028 | 65.1378| J
W | 8.9805 | 64| 9.8105 | 0.8300
E | 9.5050| 65 | 11.2120 | 1.7070 | 0.6346 | +.0028 | 65.1374; J
W | 8.9890} 64) 9.8205 | 0.8315

109 E| 9.5175 | 65 | 11.2205 | 1.7030 | 0.6324 | +.0028 | 65.1352] D.
W | 9.0035 | 64) 9.8300 | 0.8265
E | 9.5199 | 65 | 11.2180 | 1.6990 | 0.6304 | +.0028 | 65.1332) D
W | 9.0190} 64| 9.8415 | 0.8225

A 12, E'| 9.4950 | 59) 11.3575 | 1.8625 | 0.7095 | -+.003I | 59.2126| J.
W | 9.0005 | 58) 9.9760 | 0.9755
110 E | 9.5365 | 59| 11.3865 | 1.8500 | 0.7066 | +.0030 | 59.2096] D.
W | 9.0300 | 58] 10.0065 | 0.9765

A 22, E| 9.4665 | 66| 11.2780 | 1.8115 | 0.6846 | +-.0031 | 66.1877/ J.

W | 8.9695 | 65} 9.8965 | 0.9270 x

111 E| 9.5130) 66| 11.3045 | 1.7915 | 0.6736 | +.0031 | 66.1767|] D.
W | 9.0370} 65] 9.9400 | 0.9030

A 24, E'| 9.5285 | 67)| 11.2875 | 1.7590 | 0.6616 | +-.0032 | 67.1648] D.

W | 9.0270} 66} 9.9145 | 0.8875

112 E| 9.4870| 67| 11.2545 | 1.7675 | 0.6662 | +.0032 | 67.1694); J.
W | 8.9830 | 66} 9.8805 | 0.8975

242 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 24, X-cOORDINATE (Rev’d).
(Continued).

Microm. Readings.

On Seale.
On
Star.

Line| Reading.

Final
Reading.

9.5195 II.5170
9.0370 10.1355
9.4965 II.5020
9.0110 10. 1190

9.5270 11.2380
9.0500 9.8590
9.4870 II.2005
8.9990 9.8215

9.5310 I1.0660
9.0190 9.6685
9.5085 II.0600
8.9990 9.6605

81.2751
81.2803

94-1303
94.1343

113.0446
113.0517

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

243

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 24, Y-COORDINATE (Rev'd).

Date of Measures, 1895, Dec. 17.

Temperature, 67.0, 70.2.

Runs, +.0190, +.0200.

Circle right 272.20 33) 20 a2:
Circle left

“i

20) 32/26) 32.

Microm. Readings.
ore On Scale. Diff. Mean sna Div.| Final | oper.
Star. On 2 Error. | Reading.
Star.
Line} Reading.
A 34, E | 9.5245 | 36| 10.2925 | 0.7680 0.4015 |-++.0018 | 36.4033 | D.
W | 9.0195 | 36} 9.8575 | 0.8380
E | 9.5300 | 36] 10.2925 | 0.7625 0.3999. |-++.0018 | 36.4017 D.
W | 9.0150| 36] 9.8520] 0.8370 |
116 E)| 9.4955 36) 10.2800) 0.7845 0.4084 |-+.0019 | 36.4103 | J.
W | 8.9810} 36) 9.8300] 0.8490
E | 9.4690 | 36) 10.2505 0.7815 0.4078 |+.0018 | 36.4096 J.
W | 9.0075 | 36) 9.8570} 0.8495
18 m, E | 9.5125 | 112} 9.8575 | 0.3450 0.1949 |—.0006 |112.1943|) D.
W | 9.0165 | 112} 9.4510] 0.4345 |
E | 9.5235 | 112| 9.8745 | 0.3510 | 0.1964 |—.0006 |I112.1958| D.
W | 9.0270} 112} 9.4615 | 0.4345 |
117 E| 9.5020|112| 9.8585 | 0.3565 0.2000 |—.oc06 |I12.1994| J.
W | 9.0145 | 112] 9.4580 | 0.4435
E | 9.4750 | 112| 9.8335 | 0.3585 0.1972 |—.0005 |I112.1967| J.
W | 9.0085 | 112] 9.4390| 0.4305 |
24 p, E| 9.4820] 63] 10.1790) 0.6970 0.3671 |+.0050 | 63.3721) J.
W | 8.9960) 63) 9.7675 | 0.7715
E | 9.4815 | 63] 10.1715 | 0.6900 0.3641 |+.0050 | 63.3691 | J.
W | 9.0245 | 63] 9.7919} 0.7665
118 E | 9.5305 | 63] 10.2080} 0.6775 | 0.3605 |+.0050 | 63.3655 D.
W | 9.0250] 63] 9.7895 | 0.7645
E | 9.5210} 63] 10.2050} 0.6840 0.3619 |+.0050 | 63.3669| D.
W | 9.0400 | 63] 9.8035; 0.7635
A 12, E | 9.4830 | 90/ II.o105 | 1.5275 0.7825 |+.0008 | 90.7833 | J.
W | 9.0215 | 90/| 10.6240] 1.6025
119 E | 9.5305 | 90] 11.0400] 1.5095 | 0.7752 |-+.0008 | 90.7760] D.
W | 9.0320] 90) 10.6235} 1.5915
A 22,E/9.5150| 49] 10.7925 | 1.2775 0.6614 |-+.0012 | 49.6626| J.
W | 9.0085 ! 49] 10.3765 | 1.3680 .
120 E| 9.5255 | 49| 10.7935 | 1.2680 | 0.6576 |-+.0012 | 49.6588; D.
W | 9.0415 | 49} 10.4040] 1.3625
A 24, E| 9.5305 | 75] 9.6910] 0.1605 0.1012 |+.0027 | 75.1039} D.
W | 9.0135 | 75| 9.2580] 0.2445
121 E|9.5110| 75) 9.6850] 0.1740 | 0.1072 |+.0027| 75.I099| J.
W | 9.0935 | 75| 9.2585 | 0.2550

244 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 24, Y-cOORDINATE (Rev’d).

( Continued).
Microm. Readings.
Desig. S -
ete On scale. Diff. ee Sain Final | Obs’r.
Star. Oniss| 2 Error, | Reading. | ~~
Star.
|Line | Reading.
A 28, E | 9.5225 | 16| 10.0600] 0.5375 | 0.2895 | +.0002] 16.2897| D.
W | 9.0430) 16} 9.6635 | 0.6205
122 E | 9.4840) 16! 10.0425) 0.5585 | 0.2954 | +.0002| 16.2956| J.
W | 9.0195 | 16| 9.6425) 0.6230
A 30, E/ 9.5155 | 48] 9.8310] 0.3155 | 0.1760} +.0016| 48.1776| D.
W | 9.0195 | 48} 9.4080) 0.3885
128 E|9.4990| 48! 9.8105] 0.3115 | 0.1749] +.0016| 48.1765) J.
W | 9.0135 | 48] 9.4015 | 0.3880
A 39, E| 9.5405 | 89] 11.2545 1.7140 | 0.8736| +.0006| 89.8742] D.
W | 9.0205 | 89/ 10.8010} 1.7805
124 E | 9.5270| 89] 11.2490) 1.7220 | 0.8810 | +.0006| 89.8816| J.
W | 9.0240| 89/} 10.8260] 1.8020

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 245

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 24, STANDARDS.

Date of Measures, 1895, Dec. 18.

Temperature, 66.2, 64.9.

Runs, +.0210, +.0210.

On
Star. i

Microm. Readings.

On Seale.

Reading.

Y-COORDINATE (Rev’d).

“i 4 “i

Circle right 272 20 30, 20 32.

Circle left

20 30, 20 32.

Final
Reading.

9-0395
9-5235
9.0360
9.5350

9.0185
9.5280
9.0405
9-5035

On
Star.

9.8085
10.3690
9.8000
10.3800

9.3705
9.9625
9.3945
9.9405

Microm. Readings.

On Seale.

Line, Reading.

|
|

eae Coy)

36.4054
36.4040

112.1960

X-COORDINATE (Rev'd).

Ml / at

fo} i
Circle right 2 20 30, 20 32.

Circle left

ZO) Bil AAO) Ge

Final
Reading.

8.9745
9.4805
9.0310
9.5000

8.9790
9.4940
8.9995
9.4695

9.3690
10.9825
9.4310
10.9985

9.8995
9.5565
9.9205
9.5340

| 102.4737

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Sct., IX, November, 1896.—17

102.4742

30.7481
30.7487

246 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 24, STANDARDS (Continued).

Microm. Readings.

On
Star.

On Seale.

Line} Reading.

X-COGRDINATE.
é “ee

Circle right 182 20 31, 20 32

Circle left 20 29, 20 24.

Final
Reading.

9.5170
9.0200
9.5125
9.0195

9.5205
9.0030
9.5205
9.0060

9.8625
10.2615
9.8615
10,2720

11.3490
9.6755
| 98 | 11.3500
| 100 9.6845

\

Microm. Readings.

On

On Seale.

Line| Reading.

27.8986

27.9022

99.6254

99.6272

Y -COORDINATE.

Ue tf 4

Circle right 92 20 21, 20420

Circle left 20 30, 20 30.

Final
Reading.

93 | 11.4685
93 | 10.8755
93 | 11.4415
93 | 10.8790

18| 9.8795
18| 9.3315 |
18| 9.9065

18} 9.3285

93-9693
93.9660

18.1799
18.1767

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 247

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 16, X-COORDINATE.
Date of Measures, 1895, Dec. 19.
z 2 [o) U 4“ / 4
Temperature, 68.0, 70.5. Circle right 182 26 21, 26 21.

Runs, +.0210, +.o190. Circle left 26121 5 26) 21s

Microm. Readings.

Desig. Screw .
0 On Seale. Diff. WOH | eal DAY aetna Obs’r.
Star. on 2 Error. eading.
tar.

| Line} Reading.

A 34, E | 9.0420 28 | 10.2480 | 1.2060 | 0.4644 | +.0007 | 28.9651
WwW

D.
9.5220 | 29) 10.1735 | 0.6515
E | 9.0500 | 28] 10.2580 | 1.2080 | 0.4654 | +-.0006 | 28.9660) D.
W | 9.5390] 29} 10.1925 | 0.6535
1338 Ej 9.0170| 28) 10.2360 | 1.2190 | 0.4722 | +.0007 | 28.9729) J.
W | 9.4915 | 29] 10.1615 | 0.6700
E | 8.9905 | 28) 10.2155 | 1.2250 | 0.4732 | +.0007 | 28.9739) J.
W | 9.4900 | 29} 10.1580 | 0.6680 |
18 m, E | 9.0250 | 100} 9.9160 | 0.8910 | 0.3059 | -++.0006 | 100.8065 | D.
W | 9.5260) Tor} 9.8585 | 0.3325
E | 9.0185 | 100| 9.9180 | 0.8995 | 0.3076 | -+.0007 | 100.8083 D.
W | 9.5125 | 101| 9.8435 | 0.3310
184 E | 9.0525 | 100] 9.9500 | 0.8975 | 0.3110 | +.0007 | 100.8117| J.
W | 9.4700 | IoI| 9.8165 | 0.3465 |
E | 9.0490 | 100} 9.9605 | 0.9115 | 0.3119 | -++-.0007 | 100.8126] J.
W | 9.5030 | 101} 9.8390 | 0.3360 |
24 p, E | 8.9675 | 65 | 10.9595 | 1.9920 | 0.8514 | +-.0026 | 66.3540) J
W | 9.4815 | 66} 10.8950 | 1.4135
E | 8.9920 | 65 | 10.9845 | 1.9925 | 0.8514 | +.0026 | 66.3540) J
W | 9.4955 | 66) 10.9085 | 1.4130
135 E | 9.0245 | 65/| 10.9785 | 1.9540 | 0.8361 | +.0026 | 66.3387| D.
W | 9.5055 | 66] 10.8960 | 1.3905 |
E | 9.0320 | 65] 10.9820 | I.9500 | 0.8355 | +.0026 | 66.3381 | D
W | 9.4990 66) 10.8910 | 1.3920
A 12. E| 8.9975 | 71| 10.8875 | 1.8900 | 0.8079 | -++.0023 | 72.3102) J.
W | 9.4800) 72) 10.8215 | 1.3415

1386 E | 9.0235 | 71] 10.9125 | 1.8890 | 0.8024 | +-.0022 | 72.3046| OD.
W | 9.5285 | 72) 10.8490 | 1.3205

A 22, E| 8.9510 | 64} 10.7980 | 1.8470 | 0.7800 | -++.0024 | 65.2824 | J.
W | 9.4950 | 65 | 10.7680 | 1.2730 ;
13% E | 9.0305 | 64) 10.8710 | 1.8405 | 0.7755 | +.0023 | 65.2778| D.
W | 9.5310| 65 | 10.7925 | 1.2615

A 24, E | 9.0405 } 63] 10.9620 | 1.9215 | 0.8242 | +.0031 64.3273 | D.

W | 9.5150] 64) 10.8905 | 1.3755

188 E.| 9.0005 | 63.) 10.9335:| 1.9330 | 0.8250 | -++.0032 | 64.3282| J.
W | 9.5060} 64) 10.8730 | 1.3670

248 Permanence of the Ruther furd Photographic Plates.

> ae es
‘~e
a,

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 16, X-cOORDINATE (Continued).

Microm. Readings.

On
Star.

On Scale.

Line| Reading.

Screw
and Diy.
Error.

Final
Reading.

9-0290
9.5205
9.0030
9.5065

9.0455
9.5340
9.0175
9.4900

9.0195
9.5090
9.0090
9.4885

10,5560
10.5080

10.5345
10.5040

10.9600
10.8820
10.9320
10,8500

9.2245
II.1590
9.2340
11.1525

—++.0012

-+.0012

-+.0007
-+.0007

—.0013

—.0013

50.1298

50.1334

37-3163
37-3193

18.4625
18.4709

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 249

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 16, Y-COORDINATE.
Date of Measures, 1895, Dee. 20.
ff “i

Temperature, 66.2, 67.2. Circle right 92 26 22, 26 22.
Runs, +.0210, +.0210. ~ Circle left 26) 22, 26 22.

Microm. Readings.

- Final
On wae Vhesecee

Star. |

Line Reading.

9.0260 9.5675 96.2671
9.5195 10.0415
9.0290 9.5735 96.2672
9.5225 10.0420
9.0069 9.5615 96.2750
9.4875 10.0270
8.9900 9.5435
9.4700 10.0070

Hans

96.2738

ane
(o)
On
wn
(SS)
On

o
8
&

9.0355 10.1710 20.5636
9.5095 10.6310 |
9.0260 10. 1680
9.5100 10.636¢
9.0020 10.1445
9.4890 10.6300
8.9905 10.1375
9.5140 10.6505

20.5664

=
—
(eS)

20.5702

20.5703

Boe Se Se ae oe eS a
Spa el = el" Daltertcie. «Lem Ae

8.9915 9.7080 69.3564
9.4880 10.1810
8.9720 9.6855 69.3554
9.5175 TO. 2095
9.0290 9.7315 69.3506
9.5015 10.1855
9.0235 9.7235 69.3479
9.5155 10.1910

W
E
WwW
E
WwW
E
W
E
W
E
W
E
W
E
W

8.9970 10.8990 41.9477
9.5215 II.4170
9.0200 10.9095 41.9413

9.5215 I1.4040

8.9825 9.1040 83.0574
9.5035 9.5965 5
9.0220 9.1295 83.0507
9.5200 9.6000

9.0305 57 | IO. 2435 57.6056
9.5285 10.7250
9.0250 10,2495 ~| 57.6130

9.4950 10.7095 |

250 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

REsvULts OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 16, Y-cOORDINATE (Continued).

Microm. Readings.

On Scale.
Ons 9. cee
Star.

Line| Reading.

Final
Reading.

9.0200 9.8330
9.5175 10.3195
9.0010 9.8325
9.4815 10. 3085

9.0285 10.0495
9.5280 10.5380
8.9935 10.0305
W | 9.4895 10.5025

9.0420 10.6310
9.5200 TI.1135
8.9830 10.5880
9.5045 II. 1080

116.4036

116.4137

84.5093

84.5141 :

42.7943
42.8008

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 251

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 16, X-cOORDINATE (Rev'd).
Date of Measures, 1895, Dec. 30.

Temperature, 64.5, 67.2. Circle right 2 26 20, 26 21.

Runs, -++.0200, +.0210. Circle left 20,20), 20)22.

Microm. Readings.

Serew

On Scale. iff. ——— | and Div. Final
Error. Reading.

Line) Reading.

IOI | 11.0500 101.4029
IOI | 9.1030
IOL | II.0610 IOI.4019
9. 1000
11.0775 : IOI.4046
9.0860
' IT.0700 IOI.4027

9-0905

4ua

ca

11.3735 29.5614
9.4085
11.3645 ; 29.5609
9.4220
11.3825 29.5609
9.4170
11.3855 29.5606
9.4080

10.2890 64.0291
10.3420
10.2900 64.0285
10.3490
10. 3085 64.0293
10.3515 |
10.2800 64.0293

10. 3405 | |

W
E
W
E
W
E
W
E
W
E
W
E
W
E
WwW

>
iS
co

10.3395 58.0590
10.4010

10.3485 58.0594
10.4215

10.4450 65.0944 |
10.4920
10.4355 65.0920
10. 5080

TO. 3005 66.0386 |
10.3625
10.3275 | 66.0419 |
10.3925 |

252 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 16, X-COORDINATE (Rev’d).
( Continued ).

Microm. Readings.

! ‘ Final
es Genscan . SaoT * | Reading.

Star.
Line} Reading.

9.5420 | 80] 10.7490 80.2414
9.0260 | 79] 10.7770
9.5075 | 80] 10.7085 80.2411
9.0120 |} 79} 10.7680

9.5300 | 93} 10.3625 93.0556
9.0220 | 92) 10.4105
9.5225 | 93 | 10.3615 93-0554
9.0205 | 92] 10.4015

9.5190 | 112 | 10.0400 II1.8998
9.0290 | III | 10.1120
9.5150 | I12| 10.0440 III.gOIg
9.0200 | III | 10.1035

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 253

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 16, Y-cOORDINATE (Rev’d).

Date of Measures, 1895, Dec. 31.

Temperature, 66.5, 68.0. Circle right 272 26 20, 26 21.

Runs, ++.0190, +.0200. Circle left 26 21, 26,21.

Microm. Readings.

Desig. | Screw 3
of On Scale. Diff. wah and Diy.|_,Final | Ops’r.
Star. On 2 Error. | Reading.

Star.
Line} Reading.

A 34, E | 9.5165 | 34] 9.7095 0.1930 0. 1004. |-+.0018 | 34.1022 |

W | 9.0100} 34) 9.2185 | 0.2085 |

E

W | 9.0260| 34] 9.2330| 0.2070 | |
160 E/| 9.5090] 34] 9.6995| 0.1905 | 0.0971 |+.0017 34.0988 |

D
9.5295 | 34| 9.7215 | 0.1920 0.0998 |+.0018 | 34.1016 | D.
D
D

W | 9.0500] 34] 9.2480} 01980 |
E | 9.5200} 34] 9.7105] 0.1905 0.0991 |-++.0018 34.1009
W | 9.0205 | 34] 9.2265) 0.2060 | |
18 m, E | 9.5160 | 109 | I1.1030| 1.5870 0.8005 |—.0002 |109.8003|} D.
W | 9.0165 | 109 | 10.6315 1.6150 |
E | 9.5090 | Iog | 11.0955 1.5865 0.8018 |—.0002 109.8016 D.
W | 9.0105 | I0g/ 10.6310) 1.6205 | | |
164 FE | 9.5080 | Iog| 11.1010) 1.5930 | 0.8034 |—.oco2 |I09.8032| D.
W | 9.0385 | 109} 10.6590 | 1.6205 | |
E | 9.5070 | 109} 11.1000 1.5930 0.8026 |—.0002 |109.8024; D.
W | 9.0185 | 109 | 10.6360 | 1.6175
24 p, E| 9.5265 61) 9.5410) 0.0145 0.0124 |-+.0039 | 61.0163, D
W | 9.0210) 61) 9.0560} 0.0350
E | 9.5105 | 61] 9.5215 | 0.0110 0.0120 |-++.0040 | 61.0160| OD.
W | 9.0115 | 61} 9.0485) 0.0370 |
162 E/| 9.5300! 61| 9.5415 0.0115 0.0125 |+.0040/ 61.0165; D
W | 9.0295 | 61} 9.0680} 0.0385 |
E | 9.5295 61] 9.5400} 0.0105 0.0114 |+.0039 | 61.0153) D
W | 9.0315 | 61| 9.0665; 0.0350

A 12, E | 9.5065 | 88/ 10.3485 | 0.8420 0.4228 |+.0008 | 88.4236| D.
W | 9.0415 | 88} 9.8905 | 0.8490 |
168 E | 9.5330| 88} 10.3780} 0.8450 | 0.4226 |+.0008 | 88.4234; D.
W | 9.0330) 88) 9.8785 | 0.8455 | |

A 22,E/ 9.5155 | 47| 10.1300| 0.6145 0.3155 |-+.00II | 47.3166| OD.
W | 9.0340] 47] 9.6815 | 0.6475 ' :
164 E)| 9.5275 | 47| 10.1430} 0.6155 0.3161 |-+.00I1I

W | 9.0425 47| 9.6915) 0.6490

Aq3172) WD:

A 24, E | 9.5975 | 72] I11.0240| 1.5165 0.7601 |-++.c0o19 | 72.7620| D.
9.0190} 72| 10.5430| 1.5240
165 E/} 9.5195 | 72| 11.0320) 1.5125 0.7605 |-++.0019 | 72.7624| D.

W | 9.0305 | 72| 10.5600} 1.5295 | |

are. i:
q

254 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 16, Y-cOORDINATE (Rev'd).

( Continued).

Microm. Readings.

2 Final
On Seale. ‘ } A
On Reading.

Star.
Line| Reading.

9.5265 I1I.4460 —.0016 | 13.9608
9.0190 10.9490 | |
9.5190 11.4395 —.0016 | 13.9619
9.0360 10.9695 |

9.5235 II.24I0 —.0004 45.8626
9.0235 | 10.7580
9.5475 II.2600 —.0004 | 45.8605
W | 9.0590 | 10.7900

9.5300 10.6725 +,.0024 | 87.5766
9.0330 10.1875
9.5170 10.6610 +,.0024 | 87.5769
9.0085 10.1625

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Ehotographic Plates. 255

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 16, STANDARDS.

Date of Measures, 1896, Jan. 2. Y-cCOORDINATE (Rev’d).
Temperature, 61.7, 65.8. Circle right 272 26 20, 26 20.
Runs, +.0180, +.0200. Circle left 26 19, 26 20.

Microm. Readings.

é Final

Line) Reading.

34 | 9.2200 L 34.1003
34| 9.7190
34| 9.2120 . 34.0997
| 34! 9.7280

109 | 10.6105 : 109.8020
10g | II.1490 |
10g | 10.6080 ; 109.8030
109 | 11.1295

X-COORDINATE (Rev’d).
5 a fo} i a dG 4
Circle right 2 26 19, 26 20.

Circle left 2124 26) 20:

Microm. Readings.

ss é Final
ae On Seale. : Reading.

Star. |
Line} Reading.

8.9930 | IOI | 10.5325 101.4073
9.4660 9.5560 5
9.0010 10.5415 IOI.4081
WwW | 9.4960 9.5885

9.0065 10.8350 29.5565
9.4955 g-8gI0
9.0035 10.8305 29.5583
9.4905 9.9005

256 . Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 16, STANDARDS (Continued).

Microm. Readings.

On
Star.

On Seale.

Line) Reading.

X-COORDINATE.

Circle right 182 26 22, 26 21.

Circle left 26 20, 26 2m.

Final
Reading.

9.5220
9.0155
9.5200
9.0275

9.5305
9.0255
9.5365
9.0235

28 | 10.7230
29| 9.6640
28 | 10.7190
29} 9.6730

IOO | 10.4165
IOI| 9.3510
IOO | 10.4160
I01| 9.3480

Microm. Readings.

On Seale.

Line| Reading.

28.9631
28.9618

100.8036

100. 8017

Y-COORDINATE.
Circle right 92 26 19, 26 19.
Circle left 26 21, 26 19.

Final
Reading.

10.0550
9.5450
10.0715
9.5290

10.6225
10.1380
10.6440
I0.1185

96.2733
96.2734

20.5681

20.5632

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 257

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 16, FAINT StTAks, X-cOORDINATE.

Date of Measures, 1806, Jan. 3.

Temperature, 65.0, 64.0.

Runs, +.0180, +.0200.

b>
an

Microm. Readings.

Line

On Seale.

Reading.

fo} é a / ‘é
Circle right 182 26 20, 26 20.

Circle left 26) 212612 2%

Final
Reading.

te

Ww
E
WwW
oy
W
E
Ww
E
WwW
E
Ww
E
W.
E
W
E
W
E
Ww

28
29
28
29
28
29
28
29

I0o
IoI

10.2205
10.1650
10.2115
10.1570
10.1925
IO. 1560
10.2160
10.1615

9.9095
9.8520
9.9015
9.8420
9-915
9.8590
9.9090
9.8440

10.9980
10.8945
10.9670
10.9125
10.9715
10.8985
10.9500
10.9020

9.9125
9.8645
9.9700
9.8760

10.7850
10.7290
10.8035

| 10.7370

10.5325
10.4890
10.5045
10.4505

28.9611
28.9619
28.9692 |
_ 28.9685 |

| 100.8048 |
100.8029 |
100.8142

100.8095

66.3501 |
66.3491
66.3341
66.3356

92.8206 |
92.8182

92.2519
92.2506

771227,
77.1224

258 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 16, Faint STARS, X-COORDINATE,

( Continued ).

Microm. Readings.

- Final
ae On Seale. . Reading.

Star.

Line| Reading.

| 9.0145 | 59) 10.8215 | 60.2696 |
W | 9.5225 | 60) 10.7845 |

8.9970 10.8170 60.2744
9.5070 10.7745

9.0595 10.2660 | 52.9654
9.5205 10.1710
9.0005 10.2135 52.9671
9.4920 10.1425

9.0485 9.6730 | 26.6750
9.5115 9.5770
9.0050 9.6220 26.6753
W | 9.5140 9.5880

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

259

RESULTS OF THE MEAsuRES, PLATE 16, Faint STARS, Y-COORDINATE.

Date of Measures, 1896, Jan. 4.

Temperature, 64.0, 66.2.

Runs, -+.0200, +.0210.

Circle right 92 26 19, 26 19

Circle left

Ul a
°

26 19, 26 21.

| Microm. Readings.
Desig. | : Mean Screw Final ,
i ae ae On Seale. Diff. | 5) ee Reading. Obs’r.
Star.
Line| Reading. | |
A 34, E| 9.0150| 96} 9.5495 | 0.5345 | 0.2620| -++.0012 | 96.2632) D.
W | 9.5160 | 96] 10.0295 | 0.5135 | |
E | 9.0170 | 96] 9.5510 | 0.5340 | 0.2628 | +.0012 | 96.2640| D.
W | 9.5165 | 96| 10.0335 | 0.5170 | |
186 E | 9.0085 | 96| 9.5690 0.5605 0.2755 +.0012 | 96.2767) J.
W | 9.4880 | 96} 10.0295 | 0.5415
E | 9.0320} 96) 9.5880 | 0.5560 | 0.2716 | +-.0012 | 96.2728) J.
W 9.5180! 96} 10.0485 0.5305
18m, E | 9.0290 | 20| 10.1620 | 1.1330 | 0.5639 | —.0007 | 20.5632| D.
W | 9.5135 | 20] 10.6360 | 1.1225 | |
EH | 9.0155 | 20] 10.1585 | 1.1430 | 0.5655 | —.0007 | 20.5648) D.
W | 9.5230 | 20| 10.6420 | I.II90 | |
18% E/| 9.0130} 20} 10.1445 | 1.1315 | 0.5661 | —.0006 | 20.5655| J.
W | 9.4850 | 20) 10.6180 | 1.1330 |
E | 8.9850 | 20] 10.1320 | 1.1470 | 0.5684 | —.0006 | 20.5678 J.
W | 9.4935 | 20] 10.6200 | 1.1265
24 p, E | 8.9920 | 69| 9.7005 | 0.7085 | 0.3480 | +.0040 | 69.3520/ J.
W | 9.5180} 69] 10.2015 | 0.6835 |
E | 9.0010 | 69| 9.7045 | 0.7035 | 0.3468 | +-.0040 | 69.3508] J.
W | 9.4785 | 69] 10.1620 | 0.6835 |
188 E | 9.0300} 69] 9.7220 | 0.6920 | 0.3428 -{.0040 69.3468} D.
W | 9.5080 | 69} 10.1870 | 0.6790 |
E | 9.0195 | 69] 9.7105 | 0.6910 | 0.3422 | +.0040 69.3462] D.
W | 9.5175 | 69] 10.1955 | 0.6780
A5, E| 8.9940} 34| 10.8205 | 1.8265 | 0.9074 | —.0006 | 34.9068 | J.
W | 9.4920 | 34] I1.2950 | 1.8030 | |
189 E | 9.0085 | 34] 10.8280 | 1.8195 | 0.9062 | —.0006 | 34.9056; D.
W | 9.5250 | 34] 11.3305 | 1.8055
A6, E|8.9910| 57| 10.8785 | 1.8875 | 0.9364 | -+.0024 | 57.9388| J.
W | 9.4985 | 57] 11.3565 | 1.8580 |
190 E | 9.0220 | 57] 10.9020 | 1.8800 | 0.9351 | +.0023 | 57.9374| D.
W | 9.5195 | 57] 11.3800 | 1.8605 |
A II, E| 9.0160| 70} 9.7595 | 0.7435 | 0.3686 | +-.0039 | 70.3725 | D.
9.5215 | 70| 10.2525 | 0.7310 |
191 E | 8.9910} 70} 9.7385 | 0.7475 | 0.3702 | -++.0co40 | 70.3742| J.
W | 9.4970 | 70} 10.2305 | 0.7335 |

260 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

1 Oran
=) Se

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 16, Fatnt Stars, Y-cOORDINATE.

—( Continued ).

On
Star.

Microm. Readings.

Line} Reading.

On Seale.

Final
Reading.

9.0195
9.5140
8.9970
9.4985

9.0430
9.5300
8.9830
9.5060

9.0330
9.5340
8.9930
9.5040

108} 9.5615
10.0580

9-5495
10.0295

9.8350
10.3105
9.7735
Io. 2905

10.7220
II.2175
10.6880
I1.1950

108.2727
108.2698

55-3950
99-3957

61.8447
61.8481

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

261

RESULTS OF THE Muasurss, PLATE 16, Faint Stars, X-cOORDINATE
(Rev'd).
Date of Measures, 1896, Jan. 6.

Temperature, 61.8, 69.0.

Runs, +.0190, +.0190.

Circle right 2 26 20, 26 22.
Circle left

26) 22,26) 2G,

Microm. Readings.
1,
rere On Scale. pi, | Mean | ha'Diy. | Final | oper.
Star. On 2 Error. | Reading.
Star.
Line} Reading.
A 34, E | 9.5100 | 101 | II.0410 | 1.5310 | 0.4034 | —.O001 | 101.4033 | D.
W | 9.0100 | Tol | 9.0925 | 0.0825
E | 9.5450 | IOI | 11.0685 | 1.5235 | 0.3984 | —.ooo1 | 101.3983 D.
W | 9.0300 | IOI | 9.1000 | 0.0700
195 E | 9.4940 | ror} 11.0385 | 1.5445 | 0.4076 | —.ooo0r | 101.4075) J.
W | 9.0050 | IOI} 9.0910 | 0.0860
E | 9.5110 | IOI | 11.0410 | 1.5300 | 0.4038 | —.o00I | 101.4037; J.
W | 8.9890 | Ior | 9.0740 | 0.0850
18 m, FE | 9.5115 | 29/| 11.3415 | 1.8300 | 0.5545 | +.0005 | 29.5550| OD.
W | 9.0165 | 29/] 9.4045 | 0.3880
E |} 9.5105 | 29} 11.3410 | 1.8305 | 0.5556 -+-.0005 | 29.5561 OD.
W | 9.0155 | 29] 9.4075 | 0.3920
196 E | 9.4920 | 29] 11.3125 | 1.8205 | 0.5548 | +.0005 | 29.5553| J.
W | 9.0090 |} 29) 9.4075 | 0.3985
E | 9.5005 | 29} 11.3270 | 1.8265 | 0.5575 | +.0005 | 29.5580] J.
W | 8.9860} 29] 9.3895 | 0.4035
24 p, E| 9.5060} 64} 10.2710 | 0.7650 | 0.5232 | -++-.00o41 | 64.0273 J.
W | 8.9920 63) 10.3200 | 1.3280
E | 9.4990} 64} 10.2505 | 0.7515 | 0.5190 | -++-.0041 | 64.0231] J.
W | 8.9945 | 63} 10.3190 | 1.3245
19% E | 9.5255 | 64| 10.2925 | 0.7670 | 0.5224 +.0040 | 64.0264] D.
W | 9.0165 | 63] 10.3390 | 1.3225
E | 9.5115 | 64) 10.2715 | 0.7600 | 0.5198 | ++-.0040 | 64.0238; D.
W | 9.0130 | 63] 10.3320 | I.3190
A5, E| 9.5120} 37] 11.3295 | 1.8175 | 0.5501 | +.0016 | 37.5517| J.
W | 8.9930 | 37| 9.3760 | 0.3830
198 E| 9.5560| 37 | 11.3690 | 1.8130] 0.5511 | +.0016 | 37.5527| D.
W | 9.0265 | 37| 9.4180 | 0.3915
A6, E| 9.5025 | 38) 10.4660 | 0.9635 | 0.6210) +.0008 | 38.1218| J.
9.0035 | 37 | 10.5240 | 1.5205
199 E| 9.5360) 38) 10.4995 | 0.9635 | 0.6229} +.0008 | 38.1237] D.
W | 9.0425 | 37) 10.5705 | 1.5280
A II, EJ 9.5240} 53] 10.7490 | 1.2250 | 0.7534 | +.0005 | 53.2539] OD.
W | 9.0320 | 52] 10.8205 | 1.7885
200 E | 9.5050} 53/| 10.7250 | 1.2200 | 0.7529 | +.0005 | 53.2534) J.
W | 8.9960 | 52) 10.7875 | 1.7915
ANNALS N. Y. AcAD. Scr., IX, December, 1896.—18.

Me ss)
262 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

RESULTS or THE MEASURES, PLATE 16, Faint STARS, X-cOORDINATE
(Rev’d).—( Continued ).

Microm. Readings.

On Seale.
On
Star.
Line| Reading.

9-5435 10.4790 79. 1075
9.0150 10.4960
9.4910 10.4200 70.1022
9.0135 10.4795

9.5405 11.0675 77.4060
9.0415 9.1225
9.5035 | 77 | 11.0325 77-4069
9.0020 9.0850

9.5270 9.6475 103.6989
9.0240 9.6975
9.4775 9.6045 103.6994
9.0025 9.6715

ioe) ae

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 263

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 16, Faint Stars, Y-COORDINATE.
—(Rev’d).
Date of Measures, 1896, Jan. 7.
Temperature, 60.2, 66.0. Circle right 272 26 20, 26 20.
Runs, +.0200, +.0200. Circle left 26 20, 26 20.

Microm. Readings.

Desig. F Mean | Screw Final
ale. Diff. —— 0 : "T.
ae oy ota 2 |SuODW.| Reading, | Ob"
Star.
Line | Reading.
A 34, E | 9.5205 | 34] 9.7105 0.1900 | 0.0980 |+.0017 | 34.0997] OD.
W | 9.0085 | 34] 9.2105 0.2020
E | 9.5220 | 34] 9.7100| 0.1880/| 0.0969 |+.0017 | 34.0986) D.
W | 9.0205 | 34] 9.2200] 0.1995
204 E | 9.5080} 34] 9.7050] 0.1970} 0.1026 |+.0017 | 34.1043] J.
W | 8.9900} 34] 9.2035 0.2135
E | 9.4595 | 34| 9.6605 | 0.2010] 0.1022 |+.0017| 34.1039] J.
W | 8.9575 | 34] 9.1655] 0.2080
18 m, 9.5170 | 109 | 11.1120 1.5950 | 0.8025 |—.0003 | 109.8022} D.
9.0185 | I09| 10.6335 1.6150
9.5035 | 109 | 11.0955 1.5920 | 0.8016 |—.0003 | 109.8013 | D.
9.0300 | 109 | 10.6445 1.6145
205 9.5275 | 109| 11.1285 | 1.6010| 0.8099 |—.0002 | 109.8097 | J.
8.9890 | 109 | 10.6275 1.6385
9.5245 | 109 | 11.1220 1.5975 | 0.8070 |—.0003 | 109.8067 | J.

9.0090 | 109 | 10.6395 1.6305

9.4975 | 61| 9.4980} 0.0005 | 0.0102 |+.0040/] 61.0142| J
8.9900 | 61] 9.0305 0.0405
9.4800} 61] 9.4725 | —0.0075 | 0.0102 |+.0040| 61.0142| J
8.9920 | 61] 9.0405 0.0485
9.5430} 61} 9.5480] 0.0050] 0.0098 |-++.0040| 61.0138| D.
9.0410 | 61] 9.0750 0.0340
9.5070 | 61] 9.5075 0.0005 | 0.0088 |++-.0040 | 61.0128} D
9.0400 | 61] 9.0745 0.0345

S
—SesuSsusn Suse sdese

A5, E| 9.5000} 95/ 10.4290} 0.9290| 0.4668 |++.0007 | 95.4675| J.
W | 9.0145 | 95| 9.9525 0.9380
207 E| 9.5100] 95) 10.4345| 0.9245| 0.4646 |+.0006 | 95.4652| D.
W | 9.0265 | 95| 9.9605] 0.9340

A6, E| 9.5235 | 72) 10.3795 0.8560 | 0.4335 |+.0028 | 72.4363| J.

W | 9.0055 72) 9.8835 0.8780

208 E | 9.5270| 72| 10.3800| 0.8530} 0.4389 |-+.0027 | 72.4416| D.
W | 9.0315 | 72) 9.9340} 0.9025

A II, E| 9.5300} 59/ 11.5250 I.9950| 0.5019 |-+.0031 | 60.0050] D.

W | 9.0345 | 60] 9.0470 0.0125

209 E | 9.5090) 59| 11.4735 | - 1.9645 | 0.4909 |+.0031 | 59.9940] J.
W | 9.0005 | 60] 8.9995 | —o.0010

264 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

REsvULTS OF THE MEAsuRES, PLATE 16, Farnt Stars, Y-COORDINATE
(Rev’d).—( Continued ).

Microm. Readings.

Desig. ; Screw :
of On Scale. Diff. SRO eran Final Obs’r.
Star. Oa a ID Le 2 Error. | Reading.
tar.

Line| Reading.

A 26, E | 9.5285 | 22| 9.7310 0.2025 | 0.1060 |-++.0007 | 22.1067] D.

W | 9.0280} 22]: 9.2495 0.2215

210 E| 9.4900} 22] 9.6860] 0.1960] 0.1020 |+.0008 | 22.1028| J.
W | 8.9985 | 22] 9.2105 0.2120

A 27,E| 9.5440! 74) 11.5065 1.9625 | 0.9815 |-+.0c013| 74.9828) D.

W | 9.0470 | 74) 11.0105 1.9635

211 E | 9.5165 | 74] 11.4730] 1.9565 | 0.9790 |+.0013 | 74.9803 | J.
W | 9.0035 | 74) 10.9630} 1.9595

A 36, E | 9.5370} 68} 10.5845 1.0475 | 0.5250 |+.0015 |} 68.5265) D.
W | 9.0580 | 68) 10.1105 1.0525

212 E| 9.4810} 68} 10.5315 T.0505 | 0.5261 |+.0015 | 68.5276; J.
W | 9.0055 | 68} 10.0595 1.0540

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 265

7. We take up next the instrumental corrections which must be
applied to the observations, so as to obtain the true rectangular
coordinates of the stars on the plate. These corrections are two
in number, the angle correction and the scale correction. The
angle correction is needed because it was not possible to turn the
plate through an angle of exactly 90° when passing from the
measurement of one coordinate to that of the other. The angle
through which the plate was turned could always be made very
nearly 90°, and its amount could also be measured with very high
precision, but it was impossible to make it exactly 90°, within
the limits of measurement by the position circle microscopes. A
correction is, therefore, needed to make the measured coordinates
truly rectangular with respect to each other.

The scale correction has been already mentioned. It is simply
a correction proportional to the measured coordinate, of such a
magnitude as to make the difference of codrdinates of the standard
stars constant on all days when measures of the coordinate in
question were made.

The circle readings were reduced in the following way: The
number of separate positions in which codrdinates were mea-
sured on each plate was eight: These were as follows:

I, x-coordinate.

2. y-coordinate.

3. x-coordinate, reversed.

4. y-coordinate, reversed.

5, 6, 7, 8. The same in the special standard star measures,
made for the purpose of securing uniformity of scale value in both
coordinates.

As an example of the angle measures, let us take those for plate
16, which were as follows, each number being, of course, the mean
of all the readings taken in one position of the plate.

I. 182° 26/ 21’ x-codrdinate.
2. 92° 26/ 22’’ y-codrdinate.
3. 2° 26/ 20'’ «x-codrdinate, reversed.
4. 272° 26’ 20’ y-codrdinate, reversed.
. 182° 26/ 21’ «x-codrdinate, special standard star measures.
5)
6. 92° 26’ 20’ y-codrdinate, special measures.
. 2° 26/ 20’ x-coodrdinate, special measures, reversed.
? 5)
8. 272° 26’ 20’ y-codrdinate, special measures, reversed.
Yy ») b)

=
io
iG)
=]
LS)
ON
NO
Oo

266 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

It is clear that if we had been able to turn the plate exactly 90°
each time, all the above readings of minutes and seconds would
have been exactly equal to the mean given at the foot of the
column. If we let:

@) +7 be the mean of all the readings, omitting the degrees,
@ be the reading actually obtained in any case,

then 7 will be the correction required by the reading actually
obtained, to reduce it to what it should have been. In some
cases it was more convenient to use as the standard reading to
which the actual readings are to be reduced, some number which
was nearly equal to the majority of the readings instead of the
arithmetical mean of all. In this way 7 was generally made
quite small.

Having obtained the value of 7, we can proceed to the correc-
tion of the measured coordinates. Let:

Ls, Ys, Ls ,Ys, be the codrdinates obtained for the two standard
stars in the special measures made for the purpose of
getting a uniform scale value for both codrdinates.

x,y, x’, y’, be the corresponding codrdinates of the same standard

stars in any set of measures.
2,,1, be the values of 7 belonging to the special standard measures
and the other set of measures.

To get the true distance between the standard stars parallel
to the # and y-axes, we must correct the ones obtained directly:
from the special standard measures by adding:

to x; —as’, the quantity — (y; —ys’) is sin 17’
to ys — ys’, the quantity + (#:—4as’) 7s sin 1/7

In making these special standard measures in two coordinates the
greatest care was taken to insure the complete elimination of
temperature effects by using the principle of repetition in the re-
verse order, and by making all the measures in a consecutive
series on one day. Consequently, we may assume that the cor-
rected «,— ax,’ and y,—y,’ are measured at the same tempera-
ture, and are, therefore, expressed in the same unit of measure.
This unit of measure is of course the mean millimetre of the scale
at the mean temperature of the day on which the special standard

Permanence of the Ruther furd Photographic Plates. 267

measures were made. Since it is immaterial what the absolute
length of our linear unit may be, we shall assume that the cor-
rected values so obtained for 7,—«,’ and y,— y,’ in these special
standard measures are the true values of these quantities. Here-
after, in speaking of «,— a,’ and y,—y,’, we shall always mean
the corrected values of these quantities obtained from those di-
rectly measured in the manner just explained.

For any other set of measures, in which we find the values to be:

2—x', a",

the corresponding position circle error being 7, we must calculate
the corrections as follows.

To correct for the angle error, we must add to every measured
az, the quantity :

—iysin 1//
and to every measured y, the quantity :
+ iasin1.//

To correct for the scale errors, we must add to every measured
xz the quantity :
oa!
2 c= Vs —«2's );

and to every measured y, the quantity :

VES )
I— :
y( Ys — Ys!

It is to be noted that in using these formule the proper signs
must be affixed to the measured values of the coordinates. These
measured values are obtained by simply subtracting the scale-
reading obtained for the central star from the scale-reading ob-
tained in the measure of any other star. The signs given to the
x and y obtained in this way depend on the following rule:

The x-coordinate of a star is positive if the right ascension of
the star is greater than that of the central star. The y-codrdi-
nate of a star is positive if the star is nearer than the central star
to the North pole of the heavens.

The following Table gives the values of the quantity:

Zsin 1// x 10!

for each of the plates measured. Plate 16 appears twice in the

268 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

Table, because, as has already been stated, a number of faint stars
were measured on this plate, after the work originally projected
had been finished. The faint star measures were reduced in ex-
actly the same manner as the others, treating them quite inde-
pendently. Quantities belonging to the faint stars will be found
in the Table in the line numbered “ 16 f” in the first column.

ANGLE CORRECTION FACTOR.

Correction Factor, 7 sin 1/’ X 104

Star Measures. Special Standard Measures.

x rey’d. i x rey’d. | yrey’d.

26/ 20// -0000 ‘ -0000
26 20 —.0485 .0000
43 42 +.3878 —.0485 | +-.0970
2752 —.0485 -0000 | -++.1939

BOM .0000 —.0485

Proceeding now with the further reduction of the special stand-
ard measures, we have in the following Table the computation of
the corrected values of the quantities :

Us—WUs Me Ys —Ys Hs

The Table needs little or no explanation. The numbers in the
last column, headed “‘ Adopted Mean,” are the final corrected
values, reduced to the same unit of measure, in the manner de-
scribed above. The rotation numbers refer to the former table
containing the results of the measures. The quantities for plates
16 and 16 /f are of course the same, as it was not necessary to
make the special standard measures a second time on the same
plate.

-O0000
-O0000

-0000

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 269

REDUCTION OF SPEcTAL STANDARD MEASURES.

Scale Reading.
Coor-
dinate.

A 34 18 m

173,174 | 28.9624 | 100.8026 | 71.8402
171,172 | 101.4077 | 29.5574 | 71.8503
175,176 | 96.2734 20.5656 | 75.7078
169,170 | 34.1000 | 109.8025 | 75.7025

71.8398 | 71.8450
71.8503
75-7978 | 75-7052
75-7025

ooofs

|

o0OO

173,174 | 28.9624 | 100.8026 | 71.8402
171,172 | 101.4077 | 29.5574 | 71.8503
175,176 | 96.2734 | 20.5656 | 75.7078
169,170 | 34.1000 | 109.8025 | 75.7025

_71 8398 | 71.8450
71.8503
75-7078 | 75-7052
75-7025

71.7348 | 71.7319
71.7290
75.8191 | 75.8200
75.8209

21,22 29.2054 | 100.9409 | 71.7355
23,24 | 101.1554 | 29.4260 | 71.7204
19,20 94.9802 | 19.1614 | 75.8188
25,26 35.3816 | 111.2032 | 75.8216

sao |eat=a |e
ON NOBRY

85,86 32.7652 | 104.5176 | 71.7524
83,84 97.6076 ; 25.8464 | 71.7612
87,88 93.0331 | 17.2642 | 75.7689
81,82 37.3382 | 113.1101 | 75.7719

71-7531 | 71.7572
71.7612
71.7679 | 71.7692
71.7795

| |
HH
oO

71.7266 | 71.7259
71.7252
75-7893 | 75-7906
75:7919

-b

129,130; 27.9004 | 99.6263 | 71.7259
127,128 | 102.4740 | 30.7484 | 71.7256
131,132} 93.9676 | 18.1783 | 75.7893
125,126 | 36.4047 | 112.1966 | 75.7919

|
OoOof

The reductions are continued in the next Table. The numbers
in the columns “ Stars Codrdinate” are obtained from the Table
containing the original measures, by simply subtracting the scale
reading corresponding to the central star from that belonging to
the star in question. In doing this, of course the means of the
measures were used, both for the central star and for the other;
the very small angle corrections were computed in the manner
already explained. The quantity in the column headed “ Differ-
ence ” ought to be equal to the quantity corresponding to it in
the column ‘‘ Adopted Mean” of the preceding Table. Any ex-
cess has been taken to be caused by a change in the temperature
of the scale between the days when the special standard measures
and the other measures were made. Such differences are set
down in the column “ Excess over Adopted Mean.” The last
column is headed “‘ Correction Factor,” and gives the factor by
which each of the coordinates as measured must be multiplied, in

270 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

order to get the scale correction, which must be added to the
measured coordinate. This factor is computed by dividing the
quantity in the column “Excess over adopted mean” by the
quantity in the adjacent column headed “ Diff.”

CoMPUTATION OF SCALE CORRECTION FACTORS.

Star’s Codrdinate, and Angle

Cour: Correction.

dinate.

A 34 18 m

—34.4636 71.8400
—34.4680 71.8420
+48.7850 75-7939
+48.7859 75-7011

—34.4656 71.8423
—34.4691 71.8468
+48. 7837 75-7035
+48.7912 75-7034

133,134 | +37-3767
151,152 | +37-:3740
142,143 | —26.9182
160,161 | —26.9152

Of OR

177,178 | +-37-3770
195,196 | +37.3780
186,137 | —26.9202
204,205 | —26.9122

ONHH

— 34.3981 | — 5 | 71.7332
—34.3955 71.7310
+ 48.8400 75.8250
+-48.8404 8 | 75.8197

71.7508
71-7574
75-7649
75-7658

I,2 37-3343
27,28 | +37.3326
10,II | —26.9846
36,37 | —26.9810

Lal

+144 411

34.4183
—34.4193
+48.8156
+-48.8137

89,90 | +-37-3296 —34.3932
107,108 | +37.3314 © | —34.3936
98,99 | —26.9631 +48.8246
116,117 | —26.9622 +48.8281

45,46 | +37.3393
63,64 | +37.3384
54,55 | —26.9479
72,73 , —26.9528

| +++

BNI HW On OW
% O OM (SSS 2

sail

!

ae
°

71.7257
71.7250
75-7877
75-7997

(e)

|
iS)

+

8. The foregoing calculations put us in possession of all the
materials needed for the reduction of the measures of the several
stars treated in the present research. The following Table con-
tains the computation of the final adopted coordinates of all these

stars. The corrections applied in the Table to the mean measured
coordinates are the angle correction already explained, and the
scale correction. This latter is obtained, as we have already
stated, by multiplying the correction factor contained in the last
column of the preceding Table by the codrdinate whose correc-
tion is sought. The final adopted values in the last column are
simply the means of the corrected results, as given in the preced-
ing column for the direct and reversed positions.

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 271

Coor-

dinate. |

Puate 16.

Measured
Cooérd.

Correction.

Angle.| Scale.

Corrected

Coordinate.

Adopted
Value.

+37-3767
37-3740
—26.9182
—26.9152

— 34.4636
—34.4680
+ 48.7850
+48.7859

— 5.9612
— 5.9698
+27.4081
++27.4075

+ 1.0661
+ 1.0642
—13.7014
—13.6991

+ 2.0184
+ 2.0112
+ 11.7433
+11.7462

+16.2146
-+16.2122
—47.0560
—47.0546

29.0284
29.0265
—I5.1591
—I5.1544

+47.8795
+47.8718
+26.5550
+ 26.5608

|
Of O-H

+26
+16

++ 44
Ow on

OHORH

OW OH Onon OOO0OH8 OOOH8H

ononrn

+37-3792
37-3756
—26.9I191
—26.9167

—34.4658
—34.4694

+ 16.2155
-++16.2129
47.0579
—A47.9571

-++29.0303
“29.0277
—15-1597
—I5.1552

+47-8830
+47.8738
26.5550
+26.5622

137-3774

—26.9179

—34.4676
-+-48.7873

— 5.9658
--+27.4088

+ 1.0652
—13.7007

+ 2.0150
-FII.7452

+16.2142
—A47.0570

-+29.0290
—I5-1574

+47.8784

26.5586

272

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

Coor-

PLATE 16.

dinate.

Measured
Coord.

FAInt STARS.

Correction.

Angle.

Corrected

Coordinate.

Adopted
Value.

+37-3770
+37-3780
—26.9202
—26.9122

—34.4656
—34.4691
+-48.7837
+48.7912

—26.4772
—26.4736
+34-4428
+34.4526

—25.9090
—25.9024
-LII.4109
11.4252

—10.7804
—1I0.7716
— 1.0244
— 1.0143

+ 6.0702
-++ 6.0796
—38.9222
—38.9090

+13-3760

Pe tell
ONNN ONHH
H

a
OHNND
Coon Oo

OHHH
+++] +++]
0 OWs Wo AO

OHOO
+r ||

I ae

OoONN
RvHOMN WDwwWU WOONN

OHHH
tee ae eee |p

Onood

37-3783
+37-3779
—26.9206
—26.9128

—34.4667
—34.4680
+48.7846
+48.7924.

—26.4780
—26.4721
+34.4435
+34-4534

—25-9099
—25.9017
+II.4111
+ 11.4255

—10.7808
—I0.7713
— 1.0245
— 1.0143

+ 6.0702
+ 6.0792
—38.9231
—38.9099

13-3766
-+13.3810
13.9540
+13.9681

+39.6685
+ 39.6730
+ 7.5030
=> Fea

+37-3776
—26.9167

— 34.4674
+48. 7885

—26.4750
+34.4484

—25.9058
+11.4183

—10.7760

— 1.0194

+ 6.0747 |
—38.9165

+13.3788
+13.9610

+39.6708
+ 7.5082 |

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 273

Co6r-

dinate.

PLATE 18.

Measured
Coord.

Correction.

Angle.

Seale.

Corrected
Coord.

Adopted
Value.

137-3343
+37-3326
—26.9846
—26.9810

—34.3981
— 34.3955
+48.8400
+-48.8404

— §-9294
— 5.9256
-+27.4096
+ 27-4154

+ 1.0421
+ 1.0461
—13.7172
—1I13.7118

+ 2.0377
-- 2.0349
11.7374
+11.7421

+16.1402
+ 16.1398
—47.0814
—47.0841

+ 29.0033
-- 29.0036
—I5.2122

‘| 15.2096

+47.9234
47.9257
+26.4767
+26.4782

+

+(++ 414+ + [|
HOU HOW H OOMNH

[++ |
H COuN~r

tH ios)
H COM H Nv OO

TP le lao hela

hae
HO 00

+37-3339
37-3341
—26.9830
—26.9802

—34.3980
—34.3978
+48.8370
+48.8398

— 5.9296
— 5.9268
+27.4078
++ 27.4154

| + 1.0422

++ 1.0466
—I13.7163
—I3.7119

+ 2.0376
+ 2.0344
+11.7366
-+- 11.7422

+16.1404
+16.1418
—47.0784
—47.0839

-|-29.0030
29.0046
—I5.2113
—1I5.2090

+47.9222
+47.9253
+-26.4748
+26.4795

37-3340
—26.9816

—34-3979
48.8384

— 5.9282
27.4116

++ 1.0444
—I13.7141
-+ 2.0360

+11.7394

+16.1411
—47.0812

-+29.0038

—I5.2102

+47.9238
426.4772

274

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

Co6r-
dinate.

PLATE 22.

Measured
Coord.

Correction.

Angle.

Corrected

Coordinate.

+37-3393
+37-3384
—26.9479
—26.9528

—34.4183
—34.4193
+48.8156
+-48.8137

— 5.9416
— 5.9416
-+27.4098
+ 27.4056

+ 1.0501
+ 1.0488
—13.7084
—13.7070

+ 2.0238
+ 2.0233
+11.7408
++ 11.7372

+16.1613
16.1635

—47.0635
—47.0687

29.0108
-+-29.0085
—15.1865
—15.1876

+-47.8982
--47.9002
-+26.5150
-+26.5080

jee ed
HH HO Ww by U1 EN os)

ee ee
OOHH

OOHH

ett
Nonun

+]4++ +11 |
NO HW WD AHH

137-3392
+37.3382
—26.9501
—26.9536

—34.4180
—34-4190
+48.8191
+48.8156

— 5.9413
— 5§-9415
27.4115
27.4067

+ 1.0500
+ 1.0487
—13.7092
—13.7076

+ 2.0239
+ 2.0234
11.7415
-+-11.7377

-+16.1609
+16.1633
—47.0665
—47.0706

29.0109
+ 29.0083
—15.1880
—15.1880

+47.8988
+47.9002
+26.5156
26.5097

Adopted
Value.

+37-3387

—26.9518

—34.4185
+48.8174

— 5.9414
+27.4091

++ 1.0494
—13.7084

+ 2.0236
+ 11.7396

+16. 1621
—47.0686

-+29.0096
—15.1880

+47.8995
+26.5126

,, ie

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 275

PLATE 24,
Correction.
Coor- Rot’n|} Measured Corrected Adopted
Star. dinate. | No. Coord. Coord. Value.
Angle. | Scale.
A 34 % 89 | +37-3296 | +10 | + I | +37.3307 | +37-3313
z, rev. | 107 | +37-3314 © | += 5 | +37-3319
y 98 | —26.9631 o | —Io0 | —26.9641 | —26.9632
Y, Lev I16 | —26.9622 | — 2 oO | —26.9624
18 m a 90 | —34.3932 | —19 | — I | —34.3952 | —34.3946
Z, Tev 108 | —34.3936 o | — 4 | —34.3940
y 99 | +48.8246 o | +19 | +48.8265 | +48.8274
Y, Lev 117 | +48.8281 | + 2 o | +48.8283
A I2 x 92 | -— 5.9245 | —II o | — 5.9256 | — 5.9252
x, rev IIo | — 5.9248 o | — I |— 5.9249
y Ior | +27.4103 o | +10 | +27.4113 | +27.4112
Y, Lev 11g | +27.4112 fo) o | +27.4112
A 22 x 93 | + 1.0443] +- 5 o | + 1.0448 | + 1.0456
%, Tev III | + 1.0463 fo) o | + 1.0463
y Io2 | —13.7120 Oo | — 5 | —13.7125 | —13.7101
Y, TeV 120 | —13.7077 fo) oO | —13.7077
A 24 x 94. + 2.0306 | — 5 o | + 2.0301 | + 2.0306
%, Tev I12 | -+ 2.0312 fo) O | + 2.0312
y 103, | +11.7366 o} + 5 | +11.7371 | +11.7378
Y, TeV T2r | -+11.7385 fo) oO | +11.7385
A 28 x 95 | +16.1429| +18 o | +16.1447 | +16.1434
2%, rev 113 | +16.1418 o | + 2 | +16.1420
y 104 | —47.0765 o | —18 | —47.0783 | —47.0771
y, Tev 122 | —47.0758 | — I O | —47.0759
A 30 ae 96 | +28.9922| + 6 | + 1 | +28.9929 | +28.9948
“, rev. | II4 | +28.9964 o | + 4 | +28.9968
y I05 | —I5.1950 o | — 6 | —15.1956 | —15.1936
Y, TeV 123 | —15.1914 | — I O | —I5.1915
A 39 % 97 | +47.9140 | —I0 | + I | +47.9131 | +47.9130
%, TeV. 115 | +47.9122 fo) +47.9128 |
y 106 | +26.5082 o | +10 | +26.5092 | +26.5092
y, rev. | 124 | +26.5095 | — 2 oO | +26.5093

276 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

9. From the final adopted values of the codrdinates given in
the last column of the preceding Table, the position angle and dis-
tance of each star with respect to the central star were computed,
The computation was made by means of the following formulae,
in which s and p designate distance and position angle:

ssinp==«#
scosp=y

The results of the new measures obtained in this way are set
down in the next Table, side by side with the corresponding re-
sults of the measures obtained under Mr. Rutherfurd’s direction,
soon after the plates were made. These values were taken from
my paper on the Pleiades without the application of any correc-
tion whatever. For the position angles the Table gives the direct
discordance of the old and new measures, the same quantities
corrected by the addition of a constant, and finally in the last
column, the discordance expressed in arc of a great circle. These
final values are obtained from the numbers in the preceding col-
umn by multiplying each by the sine of the distance of the star
in question from the central star.

In the case of the distances, the old measures are expressed in
terms of the glass scale of Rutherfurd’s machine, while the new
measures are in millimetres. It was therefore necessary to find
the ratio of the space of the Rutherfurd scale to the millimetre of
the scale of the Repsold machine. In the case of each plate the
ratio adopted was obtained by dividing the sum of the old meas-
ures by the sum of the new ones. The sums used in this way are
set down in the Table. The fifth column gives the new measures
reduced to the old Rutherfurd scale by means of the ratio so ob-
tained. The differences in the next to the last column are there-
fore also expressed in terms of the Rutherfurd scale. In the final
column they are given in seconds of arc, using for the ratio of the
Rutherfurd scale to the second of arc the value:

1 division of the Rutherfurd scale = 98/7.01.

|

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 277

.

PLATE 16.

Position Angle. Old Measures minus New Measures.

=
2
ag

Old Measure. | New Measure. Obs’d. Corr’d. In See.

125 44 50 Zio 6.00
324 44 44 5 Onn .06
347 42 26 , —48 .O1
175 32 20 | .O4

9 43 12 | on =e Be -02
160 58 36 | i = =O )| .08
leeaey 25 | —48 | .02
60 58 28 | —29 41

SAL CORSE SY ONS
NASO0OOMUW ND

Distance. | Old Measures minus
New Measures.

Old Measure. | New Measure. | New Meas.
Ru. Seale. Millimetres. | Ru. Scale. Seale. In Sec.

a“

86.9490 46.0613 86.9532 : | —0.12
112.7634 59.7346 112.7654 2 | — .06
52.9467 28.0505 52.9530
25.9518 13.7421 25.9420
22.5020 I1.9168 22.4962
93-9548 49.7721 93.9585
61.8204 32.7479 61.8207
103.3588 54.7512 | 103.3579

560.2469 296.7765

Se SSE ON
NIBOOOUWDS

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Sci., IX, January, 1897.—19.

278 | Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

PLATE 16. ‘‘ Farnt Stars.”

Position Angle. | Old Measures minus New Measures.

l Art| |
Old Measure. |New Measure. | Obs’d. Corr’d.

e) / di 4 “ld ‘
125 44 50 | AS B2 tae
324 44 44 45 36 ape
322 26 27 22 —77
293 46 47 10 —61
264 35 35 45 Sil
jie 7 41 = B0.
43 46 46 48 —48

79 15 16 55 9

é

Bo AND VON WO) ONS
MAUMOHOHWDN |

Distance. | Old Measures minus
Oe Les aulls ee Bale) New Measures.

Star. Mag

| Old Measure. | New Measure. | New Meas. |
| Ru.Scale. | Millimeters. Ru.Seale. | Scale.

A 34

A 5 |
mr)
All |
A 26 |

|

86.9490 46.0608 86.9544 —.0054 |

112.7634 59.7353 T12.7695 —.0061
82.0217 43.4467 82.0197 +-,0920
53.4466 28.3106 53-4454 + .00I2
20.4362 10.8241 | 20.4340 + 0022
74.3612 39-3877 | 74.3570 | +.0042

A 27 36.5050 19.3365 36.5040 | -+.0010

A 36 76.2216 | 40.3750 | 76.2208 | +.0008

Sum 542.7047 287.4767

DCO O00 NI
mam On OHWN

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 279

PpateE 18.

Position Angle. Old Measures minus New Measures.

Ss
$9
99

7] am |

125 48 26 51 22 | —2

Md

—0. 24

Old Measure. | New Measure. Obs’d. Corr’d. | In Sec.
er |
|

324 48 4 | 50 32 —2 | | .12
84704 8) NG iS) ctor | -40
175 35 48 80042 5) 2 | .06

9 47 46 50 21 —2 | -0O
I6I 2 13 ANG5 "| 2 .18
117 36 56 AOB25 ea 3 | -45
61 2 22 | 4 48 —2 -14

SOI IIT Hs
NH OO OUW ND

Distance. Old Measures minus
New Measures.

New Measure. | New Meas.
Ru. Scale. Millimetres. | Ru. Seale.

86.9566 46.0636 | 86.9640 _
112.7787 59.7363 | 112.7768 |
52.9521 28.0453 52.9471
25-9632 13.7538 25.9660
22.5045 I1.9146 | 22.4938
93-9590 49.7711 93-9635 |
61.8324 32.7502 | 61.8296
103.3596 54-7515 | 103.3660 —

560. 3061 296.7864

SHIA AA
NIB O0O OMNW Wb

280 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

PLATE 22.

. Position Angle. Old Measures minus New Measures.

Old Measure. | New Measure. Obs’d.

125 49 57 49 21 +0 36
324 49 17 48 52 +-O 25
347 47 2 46 Io +0 52
Wy Bo BS 37 21 +0 14

9 46 36 | 46 49 9) Ig
I6I 317 | 2 56 +o 21
117 38 54 38 4 +0 50
6I 3 5 2 9/ +o 58

BIS SEO
NIB OOCOMNWN

Distance. Old Measures minus
New Measures.

Old Measure. | New Measure. | New Meas.
Ru. Seale. Millimetres. Ru. Seale. Seale.

86.9402 | 46.0497 | 86.9310 | +.0092
112.7456 59.7309 112.7579 | —.O123

52.9402 28.0457 = 52.9436 | —.0034
25.9606 | 13.7485 | 25.9539 | --0067
22.4920 | 11.9127 22.4884 | -+.0036
93-9419 49.7660 93.9465 | —.0046
61.8146 32.7450 | 61.8148 | —.0002
103.3512 54-7475 | 103.3504 | -+.0008

560.1863 — 296.7460

SCO SU SSNS
SIR OOCOMNBD

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 281

PLATE 24.

Position Angle. | Old Measures minus New Measures.

Old Measure. | New Measure. Obs’d. Corr’d.

125 50 23. | 50. 22"
324 50 28 50 I9
347 49 5 48 9
175 38 27 38 20 |
9 49 34 48 53
161 4 28 | 4 21
II7 39 16 39 18 |
6r 3 15 2 43

Pe CO
IB OOOMNWN

Distance. | Qld Measures minus °
New Measures.

Old Measure. | New Measure. | New Meas. |
Ru. Seale. Millimeters. | Ru. Seale. Seale. | In See.

86.9350 |. 46.0503 86.9358 | —.0008 | —0.02
I12.7509 59.7251 | 112.7517 | —.0008 | .02
52.9480 28.0443 | 52.9432 | -+- | 5 TR
25-9598 13-7499 | 25-9577 | -t- | ae soe
22.4990 II.9121 | 22.4882 : | 30
| 93-9391 49.7681 93-9544 . -43
61.7977 32.7345 | 61.7976 | ; .0O
103.3731 54-7575 i 103.3736 | —. .OI

560.2026 296.7418

BUSES ISIE ONES
NIB OOONWnD

10. The final result of the whole research is contained in the
following Table, which requires little or no explanation. It may
be well to repeat, however, that the discordances in position an-
gle have been corrected by a constant, so as to make the sum of
the discordances zero for any given plate. This is equivalent to
correcting the orientation of the plate in its holder, soas to make
it the same for the old and new measures. The position angle
discordances were turned into arc of a great circle, by multiplying
each discordance by the sine of the distance of the star in ques-
tion from the central star. This operation has caused the sum of
the position angle discordances to differ somewhat from zero in the
Table. The distance discordances have also been computed
in such a way as to make their sum zero.

282 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

Finat TABLE OF DISCORDANCES,
RUTHERFURD MEASURES minus NEW MEASURES.

Plate 16. | Plate 18, Plate 22. Oe Plate 24.

“Ante. | Dist. | Angle.| Dist. ee Dist.
} Ranh) _| 3

Wu di 7] | Ms Hy 3

A 34) 0.00 .I2 —o. , 07 | ‘Sg ae i
18 m — .06|— .o6,+ .12/4 . .08 |— .34 |— .14 02 |
OI : WADI 51) Si) 27 13 |
.O4 27/—. : s .19 |— .04 .06
16 | .I0|+ .07 30}

.13 lace -14|— .43
-OI |— .17 .00 |
.02|-+ .20 .O1

bea lS MES URS ta LON S|
NHOOONWN

WMO OGOO AN
AMNOnOHWN

If we regard the numbers in the above Table as residuals we
get by the formula

jefe

(=
the values:

r == 0O/.16, for the distances,
r == + 0/’.19, for the position angles.

As these numbers involve the uncertainty of both the old and the
new measures, we may draw the conclusion that the positions of
the individual stars on the plates are determined by either set of
measures with a mean error which will not differ much from 0/’.1.
We may further conclude that measures of the Rutherfurd
plates made at the present time will furnish results practically
identical with those that would have been obtained if the Pe
had been measured twenty years earlier.

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 283

NOTES.

Note on Pror. JAcoBy’s PAPER ON THE REDUCTION OF STELLAR
PuHotrocrapus. (Annals Vol. IX. p. rot.)

M. Prosper Henry has kindly pointed out (Bull. du Com.
Perm. Tome 3) that the above paper contains an inconsistency,
inasmuch as I have used the true declination of the centre of the
plate instead of the apparent declination in computing the trans-
formation tables. The very slight effect of this might be neg-
lected, were it not for the fact that it can be taken into account
fully by slightly changing my refraction formula for #. The
changes required are:
page 104, line 8,

for:
M,=/ (1 + H* — G tan 0) sin 1’,
put:

MB (1 + H?) sin v’”,

page 104, line 15 from bottom,
dele:

tan / = tan 9

page 104, line 14 from bottom,
for :
wi = 6 cos 9 sec (? — 0) sec O sin 1//

put:

wi =ksin 1”,

284 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.
page 104, line 13 from bottom,
for :

wz =} P sin 2p sec” (¢— 0) sec 0 cos (1 +0) cosecl sin? I sin 1//,

put:
w, = B cos? sec ?(9 — 0) sin? I” sin I’,
for:
[1.1308 — 10]
put:
[1.7328 — 10].

These changes in the refraction formule cause the discordances
between the results of M. Henry’s reduction and my own to dis-
appear almost completely.

Another small quantity which I neglected, and which appears
to have been neglected also by M. Henry, arises from the quantity
c, or the error of centreing the plate in declination. It is easy to
see that the values of Ac obtained in my paper require the cor-
rection :

d Aa=-+ ¢ A; (a@seed).

VI.—Coleopterological Notices.

VII.
BY THOS. L. CASEY.
Read Noy. 16, 1896.

All taxonomic investigation, in fields touched upon in the fol-
lowing studies, must be more or less imperfect at the present stage
of knowledge of the arthropod fauna of the world. This can be
brought prominently into evidence, if we consider the usual pro-
portion of previously described species contained in any inde-
pendent collection subsequently made, in any particular group
and over the same geographic area. Although this new collec-
tion may comprise several times the number of species previously
known, it is virtually safe to say that there will be a considerable
proportion of the latter unrepresented. In this way we may be
enabled to foretell in a measure the real extent of the particular
eroup in any given region.

For example, the revision of the Scydmenide, which is inelud-
ed below, makes known some 175 species as inhabiting the United
States. If an independent collection were now formed, contain-
ing 175 species, it would probably include at least 75 not men-
tioned in this revision. The next independent set of 175 would
include perhaps 10 per cent. less of unknown forms, or say 68,
the next 6]; then in succession 55, 50, 45, 41, 37, 33, 30, 27, 24,
22, 20,18, 16,14, 18, 12,11, 10, 9,8, 7, 6,5 and 4, making a total
of 721, which, added to the original 175, would indicate about
896 species. This, of course, is an almost purely fanciful suppo-
sition, and yet it is possibly not so very far wide of the truth,
judging from isolated sets of species received from time to time.
There should be but little hesitation in stating that there are
within the American continent, north of Mexico, about 1,000
species of Scydmenide, 2,000 of Pselaphidx, 10,000 of Staphyl-
inidz and 80,000 of the order Coleoptera. As a corollary to this

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., 1X, February, 1897.—20.

286 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

we might go further, and, in giving to the Palearctic fauna a like
number of 80,000 species, the tropics of both hemispheres 450,-
000 species, and to Australasia and temperate South America and
Africa 90,000, state a total for the Coleoptera of the world of
700,000. Going still further, if we add to this 600,000 Hymenop-
tera, 600,000 Diptera and 900,000 of all other orders, we have as a
grand total for the Insecta of 2,800,000, which almost bafiles belief,
and yet this estimate does not greatly differ from several others
which have been suggested.

There will, of course, always be argument and dispute as to
what proportion of these are really species, and what so-called
races or varieties, but this is a question which need not especially
interest us at present, in view of the perfectly arbitrary meaning
usually attached to these terms. Species,as meant in this connec-
tion, are aggregates which differ morphologically from each other
in several constant and evident structural characters, and we can
proceed by no other criterion than this in our determinations,
- until life-histories and other purely biologic matters can be inves-
tigated.

To those who believe that there must necessarily be a large
amount of structural difference between species in the Insecta,
no better object lesson could be cited than that afforded by the
genus Lachnosterna, where forms mutually so very similar as to
be formerly lumped together in almost every cabinet, were shown
some time since to have their complicated genitalia so arranged
as to even prohibit sexual union. Another equally cogent exam-
ple occurs in the genus Reichenbachia, where the species would
be mutually undistinguishable, in many cases, were it not for modi-
fications of the male antennze, so radivally divergent as to pro-
claim beyond peradventure their specific distinctness. In arrang-
ing my collection of Brazilian Barini, I have frequently been
astonished at the approximation of species in external form and
facies, there being several instances where forms are mutually
almost inseparable from a dorsal point of view, yet wholly dif-
ferent in the sculpture of the under surface or in some other
remarkable special manner.

These examples are cited in order to assist in counteracting, to
some extent, if possible, a somewhat general movement in favor
of a subdivision of biologic forms into species, races and varieties
on wholly arbitrary assumptions. No doubt, future knowledge

Vn ee a

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 287

will prove some of our present concepts to be correct, but when
forms differ structurally, great caution should be exercised in draw-
ing conclusions regarding the real nature or degree of relation-
ship. The movement referred to is a natural and salutary reflex
caused by the light shed by Darwin on the universality of varia-
tion and origin of species, but the variation alluded to by Darwin
is very different from that which it is often assumed to be, and
has reference solely to minute differences in definite directions due
to gradual changes in environment, not to radical and constant
divergence of form or special structure. In the opinion of the
writer there is no real distinction between species and what are
generally known as geographic races, when these differ morpho-
logically to any evident extent; species are created in this way,
and it merely becomes a question of time when divergence has
reached such a stage as to call for a special designation. As for
the term variety in its generally accepted meaning, it has no right
to exist, and is simply a burden to nomenclature.

It is impossible to express the true status of every morpholog-
ical entity; even the most isolated species are known to differ
greatly among themselves in the amount or nature of their adher-
ence to a fixed type, in their individuality, or in their dynamics,
so to speak. At the present stage of knowledge it would there-
fore be the better course to recognize only species—that is, aggre-
gates of individuals, which differ constantly from each other in
well defined structure, even though intermediates known or sus-
pected may not have yet been entirely exterminated in the com-
mon border lands—and synonyms, the latter including a large
number of forms which at present come under the category of
varieties, especially those founded upon color variations, which,
in view of the rapidly increasing multiplicity of known species,
should never be dignified by name. In other words, the time has
not yet arrived for a trinomial nomenclature in the Insecta. The
employment of three words to express subspecies or varieties of
Species, is not to be condemned so much from any inherent de-
fect—since we must all admit that it has certain manifest advan-
tages—as from the fact that it opens the door to names involving
more than three words. If we go beyond the essential two words
of the binomial system, there is absolutely no reason for stopping
there, and it can readily be imagined into what confusion the ex-
pression of a race of a variety of a subspecies of a species by this

288 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

means would gradually lead us; but the whims of certain authors.
admit such refinement of classification in the genus Carabus, and
perhaps others. When we know something of the true laws of
relationship it will be time enough to devise some means of ex-
pressing them, perhaps by trinomials, quadrinomials or quinque-
nomials, or perhaps by some simpler exponential method, in which.
the longest names will not stand for the most unimportant forms..

NORFOLK, VA., July 21, 1896.

CICINDELID &.

OMUS Esch.

The major part of the species of this genus adhere very closely
to acommon type of organization, and are more or less difficult.
to discriminate among themselves. They are uniformly noctur-
nal in habits and black in color, this being relieved in rare cases.
by a slight metallic reflection. The intromittent organ of the
male conforms to the general asymmetric type of the Cicindel-
idee, but is stouter and less acuminate than in Cicindela. Be-
sides the sexual character relating to the anterior tarsi, which
distinguishes this genus from Amblycheila, it should be stated
that there are but two supraorbital setigerous punctures in the lat-
ter genus, while in Omus these punctures are three or four in
number. The following table embraces all the species known to-
me :— ; '

Elytra feebly punctato-rugose and dull, with large distant foveole; pronotum
with the lateral margin somewhat explanate and more broadly reflexed,
not attaining the base ; body very stout, black, with feeble submetallic-
LOMA Y ACU ME oa oc. s ccsnoeesvwensstesecsqueatee es feeeeene ce eneeeee dejeani Rche.

Elytra deeply or more clearly punctate, the scattered foveole small and much
less conspicuous ; pronotum not explanate at the sides, the margin nar--

POWAY TEMS.) oc wcjeesick a cial acsicielcbietelsiene aisle wectinlelaelels ve snide deck eck ee ean aes eee Renae 2
Elytra smooth and dull in lustre, impunctate throughout, the scattered foveo-.
Tee FESO Ae ce scesecies ve enacie peda cgsicdiasisiee ne ten telat See Voce ee eb eteee eee eee eee 14
2—Body black, without metallic lustre..............s0¢.so--4ssceseoseceeec eee seeeeeeeeee 3
Body black with bronze Tustre..... 2.5.20. cs .cceeer see ses cancer ence eeeeeeecee ae aeeeee 13.

3—Lateral margin of the prothorax distinctly reflexed, imperfectly attaining
the base, the sides almost straight and strongly convergent from apex to-
base; nearly as me CANG isc. wciec ns caceie sutes oncideovioe seuesions deosilnsedeeeideceeseeetias 4
Lateral margin fine and but slightly reflexed..................c..0ssseseeeeeeeee seen eee 5.

AK phat titel
i

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 289

A—Labrum bisinuate at apex,, the median lobe broadly rounded and mod-
erately advanced............ BESS aC RUSE CORE Car RCE RCCe RR recs enece edwardsi Cr.
Labrum more deeply bisinuate, the median lobe more prominent, with its
apex transversely truncate ; elytra narrower, more elongate and more
foaralle ebesere Oscars.) atuetee aaeenda set ca deuce taganeeees montanus nt. sp.
«—The marginal bead attaining the base, though frequently more or less im-
perfectly so, either as a specific or individual peculiarity..................... 6
‘The marginal bead obliterated well before the base................c.0csceceeereeeees 12
G—Sides of the prothorax very feebly convergent from apex to base and nearly
straight ; elytra short and strongly rounded at the sides ; general form

very stout ( hornianum W. Horn, fide G. H. Horn) ............ horni Lec.
Sides of the prothorax distinctly convergent from the apex.................-..0.0++ 7
7—The sides nearly straight or at most feebly arcuate behind the middle ...8
The sides strongly rounded behind the middle .................. ...ceceseceeeeeeeeees 11
S—Labrum bisinuate, the median lobe more prominent than the sides......... 9
Labrum nearly truncate ; pronotal sculpture moderately feeble.................. 10

9—Elytral punctures separated throughout the greater part of the surface.
Pronotum smoother, the vermiculate sculpture more obliterated.
Antenne normal.
Base of the prothorax nearly 34 as wide as the apex ; body rather stout.
Jugubris n. sp.
Base slightly more than 14 as wide as the apex ; body smaller and
ANAIEO WET sa etats sien st aie icedisic's pe ses Ga sisiew sist wens a'esicus’s punctifrons n. sp.
Antenne decidedly stouter ; form nearly as in leconte?, but with the elytra
widest at or behind the middle......................... ambiguus Schpp.
Pronotum and head more or less deeply vermiculato-rugose, the rugosity
variable in COATSENESS ..............2.0s0eeeeeceeeeeesceeers californicus Esch.
Elytral punctures close-set and confluent nearly throughout.
confluens n. sp.
10—Elytra widest before the middle, more pointed toward apex ; body mode-
TEMAS EME ES er Sean eke sx sieibsnus na ia Gaels cui acesseansoudses lecontei Horn
41—Labrum nearly truncate, the median lobe very feeble and broadly rounded;
sculpture of the head and pronotum deep and vermiculate as in califor-
MUCUS aatireey. cd cnmtsan eh Noe «ue astads aguacantelsaldaod aclesetedhabtttis cisaen sculptilis n. sp.
Labrum deeply bisinuate, the median lobe more advanced ; sculpture of the
pronotum feebler and more obliterated.

Form stout. Southern Sierras................scsececeeeeecenees sequoiarum Cr.
Form slender. Sea-coast regions of California.............. elongatus n. sp.
12— Body rather slender, the pronotum feebly sculptured and with the con-
verging sides nearly straight toward base.................. audouini Rche.
4iS—Elytra broader posteriorly, the form nearly parallel ; side margin of the
pronotum not attaining the base..................... submetallicus Horn
14—Elytra regularly oval in form ; body rather stout ; side margin of the
pronotum attaining the base. ............cssssccecscecsecoecccocssecense laevis Horn

In being strictly peculiar to the Pacific coast regions west of
the crests of the Sierras, Omus is as characteristic in the Cicin-

290 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

delidz as Brennus is among the Carabide, and the species of the
two genera are about equally differentiated. The Pacific coast
affords other instances of endemic genera which include numerous
feebly differentiated species, such as Coniontis, and it is possible
that all three of the types mentioned may be moderately ancient
migrants from the Asiatic continent, which have become multi-
differentiated at present, because of the numerous isolated local
environments of those broken coast regions, but feebly so, as a
rule, because of the geologically recent character of the lands
west of the Sierras.

The new forms mentioned in the table are briefly described
below.

0. montanus.—Somewhat narrow, elongate and subparallel, deep black
and shining, Head feebly rugose, the median parts of the front nearly
smooth ; frontal impressions moderate ; labrum deeply bisinuate, the six setig-
erous punctures large and deep, the median lobe advanced and truncate ; an-
tennz 14 as long as the body, moderately stout toward base, the third and
fourth joints feebly constricted near the middle. Prothorax between 4
and 1g wider than long, rounded laterally at the apex, the sides rapidly con-
vergent and very feebly arcuate thence to the base, the latter very indistinctly
margined and % as wide as the apex ; surface broadly and feebly convex,
finely and feebly vermiculato-rugose, the side margins reflexed, more deeply
at basal fifth or sixth ; median line very fine. Hlytra rather feebly convex,
elongate, evenly oblong-oval, widest at the middle, scarcely more than 44 wider
than the prothorax and 2% times as long ; sides parallel and feebly arcuate ;
punctures moderately fine, rather sparse toward the middle but denser near the
sides, feeble and scarcely closer toward apex ; foveole indistinct. Length ¢
15.5-17.5, ¢ 16.5-18.0 mm. ; width ¢ 5.5-6.0, 2 6.0-$.7 mm.

California (Placer Co.).

Allied to edwardsi, but narrower and more elongate, with less
convex male elytra, and with a distinctly different structure of
the labrum as indicated in the table. The description is taken.
from the male, the female being a little more ventricose and with
more convex elytra.

O. Lugubris.—Moderately stout, deep black and somewhat dull through-
out. Head much narrower than the prothorax, unevenly and not strongly
rugose, the median parts of. the front finely and sparsely punctate ; labrum
deeply sexpunctate, bisinuate, the advanced median lobe truncate ; antenne
fully 44 as long as the body, relatively slender, gradually attenuated as
usual, the third and fourth joints very feebly constricted at the middle.
Prothorax relatively rather large, obtrapezoidal, the sides moderately con-
vergent and almost straight from near the extreme apex to basal fifth, thence

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 291

rapidly rounded to the base, which is coarsely and rather distinctly beaded ;
side margins fine and acute; surface broadly and very feebly convex, finely
and feebly vermiculato-rugose and dull ; median line fine, more distinct near
the base. Elytra rather ventricose, oval, fully #{ wider than the prothorax
and about 21% times as long ; sides arcuate as in californicus ; punctures deep,
moderately coarse, isolated, closer and rather smaller near the sides and apex ;
foveolz not well marked though visible. Length § 17.5mm. ; width 6.7mm.

California.

The two males before me are without more accurate indication
of locality and represent a distinct species between californicus
and hornt. The elytra of the twospecimens differ conspicuously
in form, in one having the greatest width well before the middle
and arcuately narrowing thence to the ,apex; in the other they
are widest at the middle, but there is apparently no other dis-
tinguishing feature. The fine side margins of the prothorax do
not perfectly attain the base, and the basal angles are extremely
obtuse.

0. punctifrons.— Moderately ventricose and rather feebly convex, deep
black, somewhat dull. Head moderate in size, rather feebly rugulose, the
median parts of the front sparsely punctate ; labrum bisinuate, the median
lobe somewhat advanced and truncate ; setigerous punctures moderate in size;
antenne scarcely 14 as long as the body, rather slender and but slightly atten-
uate toward apex, the basal joint notably thicker, third and fourth joints
broadly constricted at the middle. Prothorar obtrapezoidal, 13 wider than
long, widest at apical fourth, where the sides are rounded, the latter rather
strongly convergent and very feebly but evenly arcuate thence to the basal
margin, the fine lateral margin attaining the basal bead, the latter only evident
toward the sides; surface broadly and feebly convex, flattened toward the
middle, feebly vermiculato-rugose, the rugosities rather large ; median line
very fine. Elytra 44 longer than wide, 7, wider than the prothorax and 214
times as long, widest at the middle ; surface moderately convex, coarsely and
deeply but not very closely punctate, the foveole not conspicuous. Length
14.5 mm.; width 5.5 mm.

California.

This species is allied somewhat to californicus but is smaller,
broader, more ventricose and less convex, with much feebler ru-
gulosity of the anterior parts of the body and a shorter and more

‘transverse prothorax. It is represented by a single female from
an unrecorded part of the State.

0. confluens.—Rather stout and feebly convex, distinctly dull, deep
black. Head moderate in size, finely and feebly rugose ; median parts of the

front finely punctate, the impressions moderate ; labrum bisinuate, deeply
sexpunctate, the median lobe moderately advanced and truncate ; antennze

292 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

rather more than 14 as long as the body, not very stout, moderately attenu-
ated, the basal joint thick and obconic and the third and fourth joints broadly
constricted near the middle as usual. Prothorax 14 wider than long, rounded
laterally and widest at apical third, the sides thence rather strongly convergent
and feebly but evenly arcuate to the basal angles, which are slightly obtuse
but not very blunt ; lateral margin attaining the basal bead, the latter only
visible toward ‘the sides; disk broadly and feebly convex, finely and feebly
vermiculato-rugose, the median line fine. Elytra short, scarcely 144 longer
than wide, #5 wider than the prothorax and 2% times as long, widest at the
middle, the sides evenly arcuate ; lateral margin distinctly reflexed, more
broadly and conspicuously toward base; disk moderately convex, rather coarsely,
closely and subconfluently punctate, the foveole small. Length 14.0 mm.;
width 5.5 mm.

California.

The single female before me represents a species rather closely
allied to the last but differing in its shorter, more densely pune-
tured elytra and more elongate prothorax, the latter being more
broadly rounded at the sides anteriorly. From californicus it
differs in its shorter and broader form,in sculpture and in having
the lateral margins of the elytra conspicuously reflexed toward
base ; it is from an unrecorded part of the State.

O. sculptilis.—Moderately slender, strongly convex, shining and deep
black. Head moderate in size, deeply and closely vermiculate, the front
tugose throughout and not punctate; impressions moderate; labrum almost
truncate, the median lobe very broadly and evenly arcuate, the lateral sinua-
tions feebler than usual, the six setigerous punctures strong; antennz moderate,
fully 45 as long as the body, distinctly attenuate. Prothorav scarcely more
than 14 wider than long, the sides moderately convergent from apex to base
and broadly and rather evenly arcuate throughout, widest toward apex as
usual; side margins attaining the basal bead, which is traceable entirely across
the surface, as is also a line anterior to the base and another, broadly angulate,
behind the apex; basal angles obtuse but not rounded; surface strongly con-
vex, deeply and closely vermiculato-rugose throughout; median line fine but
distinct between the transverse lines. Elytra evenly suboblong-oval, widest
at the middle, fully 44 longer than wide, 25 wider than the prothorax and 214
times as long, the sides feebly arcuate but more strongly near base and apex;
margin finely reflexed; punctures strong and not confluent; foveole small.
Length 16.0 mm.; width 5.6 mm.

California.

The only representative was taken by the author in the coast
regions north of San Francisco; it isa male and represents a
species allied to, and considerably resembling californicus, espe-
cially in sculpture, but differing in the rounded sides of the pro-
thorax and feebly lobed labrum.

Cree |

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 293

O. elongatus.—Elongate and but feebly ventricose, strongly convex,
shining and deep black. Head slightly narrower than the prothorax, rather
feebly rugose, the rugosities large; front not at all punctate toward the mid-
dle, the sublateral impressions rather strong and oblique; labrum strongly
bisinuate, but with the median lobe only moderately advanced, very broadly
arcuate and unevenly undulated, the punctures coarse and deep; antennze
moderate in thickness, attenuate toward tip, rather more than 1% as long as
the body. Prothorax somewhat more than 14 wider than long, the sides mod-
erately strongly convergent from apex to base and broadly, almost evenly arcu-
ate throughout, the lateral marginal line attaining the basal bead, the latter ob-
literated at the middle; ante-basal and post-apical transverse lines distinct;
disk rather strongly convex, feebly vermiculato-rugose, the median line fine.
Elytra evenly elongate-elliptical, widest at the middle, ?¢ wider than the pro-
thorax and obviously more than 214 times as long; sides evenly arcuate; re-
flexed margins fine, rather broader toward base; surface strongly convex,
moderately coarsely and deeply and rather sparsely punctate, the foveolz small
but quite distinct. Length ¢ 16.5-17.5, 2 16.5 mm.; width ¢ 5.6-5.9,
© 6.2 mm.

California (near San Francisco). Mr. Dunn.

The description is drawn from the male, the female being more
ventricose as usual, with the elytra much more shouldered at base
and apparently more strongly punctured. This species differs
from lecontez in having the elytra evenly elliptical and widest at
the middle, and, from ambiguus, with which it is apparently most
closely allied, it seems to differ in its less stout antenne, less promi-
nent basal angles of the prothorax and more rounded sides of the
latter. Ambiguus is described in an entirely insufficient manner,
the few diagnostic characters given being purely comparative.

DROMOCHORUS Guer.

This genus, which was considered a connecting bond between
the Mantichorini and Cicindelini by Lacordaire, differs from Cicin-
dela, not only quite radically in facies, but in the vesti-
ture of the legs and antenne, the legs and tarsi being clothed
throughout with fine decumbent hairs and the second and third
joints of the antenne having numerous fine subdecumbent hairs
in addition to the sets, which pubescence is altogether lacking in
Cicindela. In general the structural characters are similar to
those of Cicindela, but the tibial spurs are much shorter and
the body is wingless with rounded humeri. In all the species
known to me the labrum is black with a rounded pale spot at the
middle; they may be identified as follows from the males :—

294 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

Elytra with green foveole in a series near the suture and also irregularly dis-
posed: (maga Lec: i. ateid. ete as ee cee Pilatei Guér.
Elytra without green foveole.
Elytra dull but smooth, finely but very distinctly punctured, with a series of
fine non-metallic foveole on each parallel to the suture.

sericeus D. sp.
Elytra densely dull, very indistinctly punctured.

Elytra evenly cylindric-oval, widest at the middle ; body deep black.
belfragei Sallé
Elytra much wider behind the middle ; body black, with strong and
rich violaceous reflection...............-.seseeseeeeeeeeee pruininus nt. sp.

Dromochorus is peculiar to Kansas, Louisiana and Texas, pre-
sumably extending well into Mexico. O%cindela celeripes and
cursitans of LeConte probably constitute a distinct genus, and
are not considered at the present time.

D. sericeus.—Subcylindric, strongly convex, deep black throughout,
with a steel-blue metallic reflection only on the head behind and especially be-
neath the eyes. Head wider than the prothorax, the eyes prominent; surface
with fine and feeble longitudinal rugz, glabrous ; three labral teeth strong
and acute; antennz slender, more than 44 as long as the body, the joints
5-11 extremely minutely and densely pubescent. Prothorax just visibly wider
than long, somewhat narrower at base than at apex, slightly constricted be-
hind the latter ; sides very feebly arcuate ; median and transversely angular
lines fine and feeble; surface sparsely clothed with decumbent hairs on the
flanks. Scutellum triangular, wider than long. Elytra nearly twice as long as
wide, about 3 times as Jong as the protherax and %4 wider, widest near
apical third ; surface glabrous, granulato-reticulate. Length 11.5-13.0 mm.,
width 3.7—4.4 mm. :

Texas.
The two males before me are distinctly larger than the single
female, and, in the latter, the elytra are relatively shorter.

D. pruininus.— Moderately ventricose, deep black and dull velvety in
lustre, with strong violaceous reflection throughout. Head much wider than
the prothorax, the eyes prominent ; ruge of the vertex very feeble and only
visible toward the eyes ; labral teeth moderate ; antennz slender, but little
more than 14 as long as the body. Prothorax feebly constricted near the base and
apex, the former very much the narrower ; surface dull and sculptureless, with
feeble impressed lines and lateral vestiture as in sericeus. Flytra distinctly less:
than twice as long as wide, wider posteriorly, the punctures ' fine, feeble and
not well defined, the punctiform foveole obsolete. Length 12.0-14.0 mm. ;
width 4.0-4.4 mm.

Kansas.
Similar to belfragez but larger and stouter, with the elytra

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 295

broader posteriorly and with a strong violet reflection. The de-
scription is taken from the male; the single female in my cabinet
is larger and stouter with the elytra broader and less dilated be-
hind, but not relatively shorter than in the male. Three speci-
mens.

CICINDELA Linn.

While it must be admitted that the numerous species of Cicin-
dela present problems of great interest and difficulty to the tax-
onomist, it must be stated in the interests of fact, that the treat-
ment applied thus far to our representatives of the genus has been
of a very unsatisfactory kind. The paper of Mr. Schaupp (Bull.
Bk. Ent. Soc.), which is that upon which our present synonymy
rests, is superficial and betrays besides a certain lack of scien-
tific acumen at times, so that a more complete revision is almost a
matter of necessity. The fact that a considerable number of de-
scribed forms are undoubted synonyms is not sufficient reason
for the indiscriminate and unweighted lumping there applied.

Ground color is generally unimportant, but at times becomes of
value. Markings are variable as a rule, but are in many cases sur-
prisingly constant, and much careful study should consequently
be exercised in determining the relationships of allied forms, since
more or less special criteria must be applied in different parts of
the series. Sculpture is important as a rule, but has been unac-
countably disregarded by Mr. Schaupp, as, for example, in the
cases of abdominalis and scabrosa, which are distinct species and
not varietal forms of one. General form of the body, though
usually a useful specific character in this genus, has been fre-
quently neglected, as, for instance, in combining obsoleta and vul-
turina, and form and sculpture have both been overlooked in
combining sexgutata and patruela, which are abundantly distinct
species.

In scutellaris both ground color and degree of marking are
very variable, and it is virtually certain that the varieties of this
species now recognized are truly color variations, which ought not
to have received distinctive names, especially since similar varia-
tions in ground color may appear in a large number of species.
Very different, however, is the case of purpurea and its allies,
where most of the forms united as varieties should be regarded
-ather as closely related species; two of them indeed—decemno-

296 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

tata and splendida—are undoubtedly entirely valid as species.
Cimarrona is more elongate in bodily form than purpurea, and
is probably a distinct species, very variable within itself in ground
color and degree of marking. Limbalis Klug, from which limba-
lis Lec. does not differ perceptibly, is a very distinct and constant
subspecies, in which the median band reaches the margin without
the least tendency to spread longitudinally in any example known
to me. Graminea Schpp., is also a good subspecies, generally
above the average in point of size. The following are two addi-
tional subspecies of the purpurea type which do not seem to
have been alluded to hitherto :—

C. Jauta.—Similar in form to purpurea, but still shorter and a little more
depressed, green, the head and prothorax with a slight coppery reflection, the
legs polished, metallicand paler green, the elytra dull, of a deep and very rich
sericeous green with a vivid blue lateral border. Markings as in the typical
purpurea, a transverse and moderately reflexed median dash, not attaining the
sides, and a small sutural remnant of the apical lunule. Prothorax very
short.and transverse, about twice as wide as long. Front sparsely punctate

_and having erect blackish setze ; labial palpi black. Length 11.0-14.0 mm. ;
width 4.4-5.8 mm.

California (Siskiyou Co.).

This very beautiful form may be recognized at once by its
coloration, which appears to be quite constant, and also by its
very short and transverse prothorax. The anterior tarsi of the
male have the first three joints increasing in width, the third
quite strongly dilated and much less than twice as long as wide;
in this structural character it differs noticeably from purpurea.

C. plutonica.—Form nearly as in purpurea, but more elongate and
rather more convex ; body, legs and palpi intense black throughout ; labrum
pale, with a fine dark apical margin ; mandibles with the usual white external
dash. Head deeply concave between the eyes, the frontal convexity punctured
and more densely pubescent. Prothorax nearly as wide as the head, fully %
wider than long, nearly as in purpurea throughout. Elytra oblong, about 14
longer than wide, the intrahumeral impression at base very deep ; punctures
rather coarse but shallow, becoming sparse at base, with the subsutural series
of punctiform fovez distinct. Length 13.5 mm. ; width 5.2 mm.

California (Placer Co.). .
The anterior tarsi of the male have the first three joints quite
strongly dilated and somewhat increasingly so from the base, the
third joint distinctly less than twice as longas wide. The elytra
are smooth along the lateral margins, but the only white macula-
tion is a small subsutural remnant of the apical lunule; the punc-

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 297

tures are, however, subeffaced in a transverse and feebly reflexed
line at the usual position of the pale median band of purpurea.

The following species may be placed near purpurea for the
present :

C. denverensis n. sp.—Smaller, narrower and more elongate than pur-
purea ; body pale and vivid emerald green throughout, without trace of cop-
pery reflection and with barely a trace of bluish tinge along the elytral mar-
gins. Head with erect white vestiture, especially dense as usual on the
frontal declivity ; labial palpi with the second joint pale ; labrum tridentate.
Prothorax less than 44 wider than long, distinctly narrower than the head ;
impressed lines deep; surface minutely and densely vermiculato-rugose ;
pubescence long and erect at the sides. Elytra oblong, % longer than wide,
the sculpture and markings as in purpurea, except that the middle transverse
dash is reduced to a small transverse spot near the lateral margin ; apical
lunule incomplete. Length 11.0 mm. ; width 4.6 min.

Colorado (Denver).

Abundantly distinct from the other forms which are more or
less closely related to purpurea, by its elongate outline, pale
second joint of the labial palpi and other characters. From
pusilla it differs in its entirely dark tibiz and complete absence
of any form of humeral marking. ‘The first three joints of the
anterior male tarsi are narrowly and subequally dilated, the third
joint more than twice as long as wide.

C. depressula n. sp.—Moderately stout, somewhat depressed, feebly
shining, bright green, the head and prothorax in part with & feeble coppery
reflection ; humeral lunule generally wanting, sometimes represented by a
small spot near the basal fourth, not extending to the margin ; post-median
transverse spot slender, feebly dilated at its extremities, strongly reflexed and
attaining posterior third near the suture, not attaining the margin; apical
lunule represented by two small detached spots. Head moderate in size, mi-
nutely strigato-rugose, the front not at all pubescent ; labrum short and trans-
verse, nearly 3 times as wide as long, imperfectly tridentate, the lateral teeth
in the form of feeble arcuations, and sometimes virtually obsolete ; antennze
slender, moderate in length ; labial palpi pale, the apical joint black. Pro-
thorax fully as wide as the head, 34 wider than long, minutely and densely ru-
gose, the impressions deep and of a dark violet blue ; pubescence sparse and
only partially erect at the sides. lytra oblong, gradually slightly wider be-
hind, scarcely 14 longer than wide, the intrahumeral impression distinct ;
punctures coarse, deep, moderately close, nearly uniformly distributed, slightly
asperate and tinged with a cobalt reflection. Legs metallic green, the tro-
chanters black. Length 12.0-14.0 mm.; width 4.7-5.4 mm.

California (Placer Co.).
May be placed near senilis, differing in coloration, in its stronger

298 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

sculpture, smaller and more transverse prothorax, and in the form
and position of the elytral markings, the transverse reflexed line
being finer, less reflexed and more posterior in position.

C. echo n. sp.—Rather narrow and convex, dark coppery brown, the punc-
tures of the elytra blue or greenish-blue ; under surface and legs metallic
bluish-green. Head moderate in size, deeply and finely strigato-rugose and
bald ; labrum imperfectly tridentate, the lateral teeth very short and rounded ;
labial palpi pale, the third joint black ; antenne slender. Prothorax not quite
as wide-as the head, #5 to 14 wider than long, almost cylindric and only slightly
narrowed at base, the white pubescence abundant but subdecumbent on the
flanks ; impressions deep ; surface minutely but deeply rugose. lytra dis-
tinctly wider toward apex, 14 longer than wide, coarsely, rather closely and
almost uniformly punctured ; intrahumeral impression narrow, rather deep
and with coarser punctures ; white maculations broad, consisting of a complete
humeral lunule, which intrudes but little upon the disk behind, a transverse
and strongly reflexed line, attaining the margin at the middle and almost at-
taining the suture behind apical third, and a complete apical lunule. Length
10.8-12.0 mm.; width 3.9-4.7 mm.

Utah (Great Salt Lake).

This species also belongs to the sentlis group, and differs from
that species in its narrower form, more cylindrical prothorax,
more metallic coloring, form of the elytral markings and in the
much less dilated basal joints of the anterior male tarsi. The
male is much less stout than the female.

' C. inquisitor n. sp.—Rather stout, moderately convex, feebly shining,
coppery-brown in color; elytral markings as in sperafa, except the median re-
flexed band which is more even, less angularly reflexed and situated at a
greater distance from the end of the humeral lunule, the latter relatively much
shorter and less oblique; under surface metallic greenish, the legs coppery
green. Head broad with the eyes very prominent, feebly strigato-rugose,
finely and sparsely punctured anteriorly, the pubescence white, sparse, decum-
bent and consisting of very short and stout hairs; labrum, mandibles, palpi
and antennz nearly as in sperata.. Prothorax nearly 144 wider than long, par-
allel, constricted at apex and more feebly near the base, the sides between the
constriction and the base notably protuberant; impressions rather feeble; sur-
face dull but almost smooth, minutely and feebly creased. Elytra oblong, 14
longer than wide; sides parallel and almost evenly arcuate; apex oblique, the
subapical angles prominent but obtusely rounded; surface evenly convex, the
intrahumeral impression feeble, with the feveole small; punctures moderately
coarse, finer toward the suture, nearly as in sperata and having a similar blue
color. Under surface densely pubescent toward the sides, the legs very slender.
Length 14.0 mm.; width 5.2 mm.

Texas (Austin).
The present species is allied closely to sperata but is stouter,

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 299

with a broader head, still more prominent eyes and more protu-
berant sides of the prothorax at the basalangles. The female has
the external angulation near the apex of the elytra rounded, while
in sperata this angle is acute, even inclining slightly backward at
the extreme apex.

Of dorsalis, of which saulcyi is evidently more than a variety,
I have before me a strongly marked subspecies from an unre-
corded locality. This has the elytra in the male more elongate,
with the punctures much coarser and denser and the dark mark-
ings fine and incomplete, the posterior arcuate dash not bent in-
ward to the suture but fine, even, very feebly arcuate and ending
at the middle of the width behind apical third; the middle longi-
tudinal dash is much less broadly hooked anteriorly, and, anterior
to this, there is only a small point of dark color in the intrahu-
meral impression. In size it is larger than the average dorsalis,
being 14.0 X 5.8 mm.in measurement. It may be named semipicta.

Of repanda, also, I have before me representatives of a sub-
species from El Paso, Texas, which may be called unijuncta. It
is smaller and narrower than repanda, as compared male to male,
with a relatively larger prothorax and smaller elytra, the white
maculation of the latter nearly similar but broader, the median
band broadly expanded at the margin, uniting with the humeral,
but not with the apical, lunule; the punctuation of the elytra is
coarser and stronger. The dimensions of the male are 10.0 X 3.8
mm. The species allied to repanda are very carelessly discrimi-
nated at present in our published lists; hirticollis, for example,
is a quite distinct species, and has for a well marked geographic
race ponderosa; 12-guttata is also distinct as a species from
either repanda or hirticollis.

Willistont is certainly distinct from fulgida sade is not a variety
as marked in the Henshaw list; it more nearly resembles latesig-
nata. Imperfecta is a perfectly isolated species and not a variety
of cinctipennis. Several other corrections should be made in the
synonymy of Cicindela, which lack of time prohibits for the
present.

CARABID.
OMOPHRON Latr.

The genus Omophron, although remarkably isolated among
its nearest relatives of the Carabide, is composed of species

300 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

which are rather numerous, and, at the same time, comparatively
feebly differentiated among themselves; this fact becomes still
more notable when we consider the wide geographic range of the
genus. To account for these conditions we must of course as-
sume a very extensive extinction of intermediate types, requiring
considerable geologic time. In a genus whose species enjoy
wide range of environment, this lapse of time would, in nearly all
cases, bring about marked structural divergence among its com-
ponents, and the peculiar uniformity characterizing Omophron,
can be accounted for only by the universal habit of burrowing in
clean sand at the margin of water, which causes the environmental
conditions to be practically identical throughout the territorial
range. Heterocerus is another somewhat similar instance, the
environment being more varied however in this case by ample
and ready powers of flight.

Our species have been totally neglected since the revision of
them by Dr. Horn twenty-six years ago (Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., 1870,
p- 71), and, as several new forms have been since discovered, the
suggestion of a new tabular arrangement would appear to be
desirable; this is presented below :—

Form broadly and evenly elliptical, the sides of the elytra and prothorax form-

ing a continuous are; elytral striz 15 in number........................2.2000 2
Form less evenly elliptical, the sides of the elytra discontinuous in curvature
with those of the probthoOrax.% 5<: sere ccccedesenecis er= >= sb -ee-pset eestor eee 3

2—Strie punctured only toward base, the sublateral obsolescent and impune-
tate throughout; dark areas much predominating, blackish-brown in
colonand mon=metalllli cee ees eerera eee erie eae ee eee labiatum Fabr.
Striz punctured behind the middle, faint, the punctures strong throughout
the width, widely separated; dark areas predominating, black, highly

polished, with dark metallic-green reflection; body more convex.
nitidum Lec.

oo Dlytral strize 15 im- NU MbeL: sc .8 Js. 50t seleks see wedes oecades «we pk co cceneemeaa cadences 4
Blytrall. strice, W4iin mumiber, 0. scccceosb eed densstwocssneess «sot conte beeencnaee aeetaner 11
4—Dark areas of the elytra black and non-metallic, or with the feeblest recog-

nizable greenish reflection; dark areas generally predominant............. 5
Dark areas of the elytra, black with a strong metallic-green reflection; pale

areas) trequenbly, predominant... s.c-.-osse«-ecees see ceceaesee ces eeeeaeeee eee 8
2&—Body broadly oval, the elytra more obtuse at apex.............20eeceseeeee scenes 6
Body marrower and more eClonpaten so cecnec sacar ence esse acess sea ce cece eeeee tee eres 7

6 —Elytra very deeply striato-sulcate toward base, the punctures coarse, deep
and close-set throughout the width; intervals very convex.
americanum Dej.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 301

Elytra much less deeply striate, the intervals feebly convex; punctures smaller
and more widely separated particularly in the sublateral series.
Elytral punctures fine, not extending much behind the middle on the
MeMianelin clot each). 2.2 sckeisscaceecicot sees eisssceeeacensacsaies. lacustre na. sp.
Elytral punctures stronger, extending well behind the middle on the
TEN@GHEND INTE aoaGucedacopsqeoccoccnecoocdoconES CON dODCHIDOGBEOORGCOSE texanum. n. sp.
%—HElytra finely striate, the striz rather finely and closely punctate with flat
FENG TAL Sete esate tetera terse tia steer aciok Mensulolae cals eicyis ssieic cies onisidece Ussuieanad ovale Horn
Elytra narrowly rounded at apex, more dilated at the sides near the base,
strongly striate, the striz closely and strongly punctured ; intervals con-
Exe SEZ (SIM Al Uansocnenctandadeeeshodarseeiida oases sescavalns ens concinnuUum. 2. sp.
‘S$—Body broadly and almost evenly oval in form.....................ece-eeeeceeeees 9
Body narrower, oblong-oval, the sides parallel and much less arcuate...... 10
9—HElytral punctures extending almost to the apex ; metallic-green spot of

the pronotum occupying median half only.............. tesselatum Say
Elytral punctures obliterated well before the apex ; pronotal metallic spot
extending almost to the lateral margins..................... dentatum Lec.

10—Large species, the green metallic areas darker and duller, distinctly pre-
dominating over the pale areas, that of the pronotum attaining the apex

only ina narrow point on the median line.................... solidum n. sp.
Small species, the dark areas less predominant, very bright and polished me-
tallic-green throughout, that of the pronotum broadly attaining the apex

Gib WINE TID lGl e ciceesesseosoonEcauacecbooKESabEdoScobesnesoqceaodaSEaocd gemma 0. sp.
11—Strie deep, rather coarsely and deeply punctured, dark areas predominant.
Strial punctures approximate, distinct almost to the apex, the striz sulci-
LOLMELOWATC DASE) SOMOTAs.c.25-cccessccsercccssoreeccssescecosc ec: SONOre nD. sp.
Strial punctures widely separated, obliterated well before the apex, the
striz impressed but not sulciform. Arizona.......obliteratum Horn
Strize deep, finely and closely punctured ; general color-of the upper surface
pale, the dark markingssmall. Arizona................0.0e02ee00eee gilze Lec.
Strie fine and rather feeble with moderately large and somewhat widely sep-
arated punctures extending to the apex ; markings nearly as in gile.
Witalvenn nerve ssensscacensesscctsscdonacsccssecsnrssecseessuerst esses pallidum. n. sp.
Striz faint, the punctures large and widely separated ; elytra relatively shorter ;
markings nearly as in gile and pallidum. Nova Scotia..robustum Horn

The new species announced above are described as follows:

O. lacustre.—Form and coloration as in americanum, except that the
surface isless convex and the subapical pale marginal spot extends forward
very obliquely nearly to apical third, the elytra rather more pointed behind
and the sides of the prothorax more divergent from apex to base. Head with
the pale area evenly angulate ; surface impunctate except in the metallic-green
basal area, which is rather strongly but not densely punctured. Prothorax
much more than twice as wide as long, the sides rather strongly convergent and
evenly, feebly arcuate from base to apex ; surface somewhat strongly but
sparsely and unevenly punctate, the punctures fine and very sparse in a trans-

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Sci., IX, February, 1897.—21.

302 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

verse median area ; color piceous-black, without trace of metallic lustre, the
sides paler, a little more broadly so and nubilate at base and apex ; median line
fine but distinct. lytra not quiteas long as wide; striz rather fine and feebly
impressed, rather finely and not closely punctured ; intervals almost flat, the
striz and punctures coarser and deeper near the sides ; dark areas without
trace of metallic lustre. . Under surface blackish-brown, the abdomen paler ;
legs, hypomera and epipleure pale. Length 6.5 mm. ; width 4.0 mm.

Lake Superior (Bayfield).

Readily separable from americanum by the nearly flat elytral
intervals and finer and more widely separated punctures, as well
as by the maculation of the posterior parts of the elytra and the
outline of the prothorax. The description applies to the female. .

0. texanum.—Broadly oval, strongly convex, rather shining, the macu-
lation nearly as in americanum, except that the posterior pale spot of the elytra
unites with the next anterior sinuous band ; dark areas with a faint metallic-
green tinge, more pronounced on the head. Head sparsely but rather strongly
punctured in the green basal area, the pale frontal spot evenly angulate and
impunctate. Prothorax short and strongly transverse, almost 244 times as’
wide as long, the sides strongly convergent from base to apex and evenly arcu-

ate throughout; coloration as in americanwm; punctures sparse, irregular,

rather strong but fine, remote and feeble in a transverse median line, wanting
near the reflexed lateral margin as usual ; median line feebly impressed. Ely-
tra short, distinctly shorter than wide, finely striate, the striz moderately but
rather broadly impressed, the punctures moderate in size and quite widely
spaced ; intervals feebly convex, shining and only just visibly alutaceous.
Under surface blackish-brown, the abdomen paler ; side margins and legs pale
brown. Length 6.0 mm.; width 4.1 mm.

Texas (Austin).

The single female before me represents one of the allies of
americanum, but may be distinguished by its shorter and more
broadly oval form, shorter prothorax with more strongly con-
verging sides, by the finer and more widely separated punctures,
feebler striz and flatter intervals, and by some differences in the
maculation near the elytral apices. It was taken on the sandy
banks of the Colorado River in June.

0. concinnum.—Narrowly oval, the elytra quite inflated near the base,
the sides thence rather strongly convergent and evenly arcuate to the apex,
which is somewhat narrowly rounded ; dark areas predominant, with a green
metallic lustre anteriorly, but almost completely non-metallic on the elytra.
Head with a small and acutely angulate pale frontal area, the green basal
area very finely, feebly and sparsely punctured. Prothorax but slightly more
than twice as wide as long, the sides feebly arcuate, moderately convergent an-
teriorly, but becoming parallel in about basal half; disk finely and rather closely

SDs eel
en

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 303

punctate near the base and apex, but elsewhere almost impunctate, the dark
median band not quite attaining the sides and extending broadly to base and
apex, with its confines rather nubilate ; median impressed line rather strong.
Elytra not quite as long as wide, behind the base much wider than the prothorax,
the subbasal and post-median irregular pale bands united longitudinally near
the middle of each, isolating a rather large ante-median black area near the mar-
gin; dark sutural area feebly dilated and rhombiform near the apex ; striez not
very coarse, but broadly and deeply impressed, perfectly even and regular, the
punetures rather large, deep and very close-set, extending almost to the apex ;
intervals moderately convex. Under surface piceous-brown throughout, the
sides slightly more flavate ; legs pale brown. Length 4.8 mm.; width 3.0 mm.

California (Siskiyou Co.).

The description is taken from the male type, which is the only
example known to me. The species somewhat resembles gemma,
but differs in outline, in its sombre coloring, finer pronotal, but
much coarser and more regular elytral punctures, more narrowly
rounded elytral apex, and in numerous other characters.

0. solidum.—Oblong-oval, only very moderately convex, the lustre
generally rather strongly alutaceous ; dark markings with a strong but some-
what dark metallic-green reflection. Head with a large frontal pale impunc-
tate area which is broadly angulate posteriorly, the green basal area with nu-
merous moderate punctures. Prothorax slightly more than twice as wide as
long, the sides quite strongly arcuate, convergent anteriorly, becoming parallel
behind the middle ; punctures moderate in size, deep, rather close-set, extend-
ing to the basal angles but almost obsolete in the green transverse band, the
latter not quite attaining the side margins and only narrowly attaining the
apex on the median line, broadly attaining the base, with two approximate
pale spots at the middle, the dark areas everywhere sharply defined ; median
line fine. lytra as long as wide, the sides subparallel and but feebly arcuate,
very broadly rounded in apical third ; striz rather fine but strongly impressed,
somewhat irregular, and, to some extent, unevenly spaced, the punctures fine
but rather strong and close-set, obliterated near the apex ; sinuous pale bands
narrow and very irregularly zig-zag, the post-median much broken up; sub-
apical pale spot finely bifurcate anteriorly ; sutural rhombus near the apex
broad. Under surface blackish throughout, the abdomen not paler, except a
fine marginal line ; hypomera, epipleure and legs pale flavate-brown. Length
6.2-7.0 mm.; width 3.6-4.5 mm.

California ( Marin to Humboldt Cos.). ;

This species is common in the coast regions of California, north
of San Francisco, and exists in most cabinets, but commonly con-
fused with dentatum, which it resembles in coloration. The pale
spots of the elytra are always narrower and more disintegrated,
however, than in that species, and the form of the body is more ob-
long and parallel; the pale frontal area of the head is limited pos-

304 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

teriorly by a nearly transverse line in dentatum, and the striz are
more distantly punctured. Dentatuwm is more southern in its
range, San Francisco being about its northern limit.

O. semma.—Rather convex and narrowly oblong-oval, very highly pol-
ished ; dark maculation black with bright green metallic reflection, becom-
ing bluish or violet on the head, exceeding the pale areas in extent. Head
with the pale frontal area limited behind by a line which has a deep rounded
median sinus, the metallic basal area rather strongly punctate, densely so to-
ward the sides. Prothorax slightly more than twice as wide as long, the sides.
strongly arcuate, convergent anteriorly but becoming parallel behind the mid-
dle ; punctures distinct over the entire surface to the extreme lateral edges,
but less obvious in a small transverse area at the middle of the disk ; lateral
acute edges very fine ; dark metallic area extending almost to the sides, broadly
attaining the apex at the middle and still more broadly the base; median line
fine but strong. Zlytra almost evenly oval, as long as wide, slightly wider
than the prothorax, the strie fine and only moderately and narrowly impressed,
the intervals but feebly convex ; strize somewhat uneven, the tenth and
twelfth convergent basally, the eleventh not attaining the base ; punctures.
fine and approximate, not attaining the apex. Under surface pale red-brown
throughout, the sides and legs pale luteo-flavate. Length 4.75-5.0 mm.
width 2.8-3.0 mm.

California ( Humboldt Co.).

The irregularity described above in the elytral striation, which
also characterizes solidum and dentatum to some extent, together
with the small size, oblong form, highly polished integuments
and bright green metallic reflection, will render the identification
of this species at all times easy. I obtained a considerable series.
on the sandy banks of the Kel river, near its entrance into Hum-
boldt Bay. It varies surprisingly little in size, while solidum
varies much in this respect.

0. sonorz.—Broadly oval and strongly convex, polished; dark areas pre-
dominating and black with a feeble greenish-metallic lustre; pale areas dis-
posed nearly as in obliteratum, the head with a triangular frontal pale area; pro-
notum black, with a narrow pale lateral margin, broadly extending inward
anteriorly and narrowly and more briefly posteriorly, the median apical exten-
sion of the black area rather narrow and becoming piceous in color; pale areas.
of the elytra sharply defined, disposed nearly as in obliteratum. Head coarsely
but rather sparsely punctured in the basal metallic area; impunctate anteriorly,
the labrum more flavate. Prothorax slightly more than twice as wide as long, the
sides but feebly convergent from base to apex and feebly arcuate; median line
distinct; punctures coarse but rather sparse, extending over the entire surface
to the basal angles but wanting in an impressed marginal area in apical half
or more, and finer near the centre of the disk. lytra not as long as wide,
much wider than the prothorax, the humeral curvature to the basal line being

e's

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 305,

pronounced; striz coarse and deep, becoming sulciform toward base, the punc-
tures coarse and rather close-set as a rule but somewhat variable in spacing.
Under surface blackish, the abdomen dark piceo-rufous throughout; sides and
legs pale brownish-flavate. Length 6.5 mm.; width 4.0—4.2 mm.

Mexico (Sonora, probably near Hermosillo). Mr. Dunn.

Differs from obliteratum in its much stronger striation, coarser
and less widely spaced punctures, less nubilate pale markings of
the elytra and rather shorter and stouter form. It does not ap-
pear to have been represented in the material elaborated by Mr.
Bates for the ‘“ Biologia Centrali-Americana.”” Five specimens,
very uniform in size.

0. palliduma.—Broadly oval, moderately convex, very dull and aluta-

ceous in lustre, the upper surface pale brownish-flavate in color, the head
' piceous at base, slightly metallic laterally, the pale frontal spot extending

posteriorly near the eyes to their posterior limit, the intermediate dark area
bifureate; pronotum with a transverse submetallic spot occupying median
half, with a large pale brown spot in continuation laterally nearly to the side
margins; elytra pale, with the sutureand a transverse median basal spot black-
ish and feebly metallic, the other dark areas brown and non-metallic, consisting

of a short basal line on the eighth and ninth and another on the eleventh in-

terval, a small triangular subsutural spot at basal third, another still smaller
double spot at outer third and basal #¢, and a very uneven zig-zag band at

apical third more expanded near, but not attaining, the sutural dark line.

Head rather strongly but very remotely punctate in the basal dark area. Pro-
thorax sparsely punctured throughout, the punctures becoming quite coarse
near the margins, much more than twice as wide as long, the sides rather

strongly convergent from base to apex and only just visibly arcuate; median

line moderately distinct. lytra not quite as long as wide, distinctly wider
than the prothorax, moderately rounded externally at base, finely and feebly
striate, finely and remotely punctate, the punctures much coarser, stronger
and more close-set and the strize coarser and deeper toward the sides. Under

Surface dark piceous-brown, the abdomen paler; sides flavate; legs pale brown.

Length 5.3-6.4 mm.; width 3.7—4.1 mm.

Utah (southwestern). Mr. C. J. Weidt.

This species is evidently allied to gilz and robustum, differing
in the characters previously stated. Two specimens.

The eleventh interval is rather more conspicuous than the
others in width and paleness of color; it partially separates the
small double spot before the middle, alluded to in the description-

BRENNUS Motsch.

In this genus or subgenus of the Cychrini, the anterior tarsi
of the male are slightly broader than in the female, with the first

306 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

two or three joints densely clothed beneath in part with short and
rather coarse papilliform pubescence. The dilatation is always
feeble, and, in cordatus, becomes barely appreciable, but the
pubescent pads beneath are still evident though narrow.

The species are abundant but sometimes very closely allied
among themselves, and the systematic treatment of them offers
many obstacles to the reviewer. This has been essayed thus far
only by Dr. Horn (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VII), but the author in
that article assuredly exercised an undue amount of caution in
discriminating species, placing together such forms as elevatus
and unicolor, angusticollis and velutinus, and distributing a con-
siderable number of what seem to be valid species as varieties
and races of a few more salient types in Brennus. Besides this,
quite a number of hitherto unknown forms have come to light in
recent years, so that another revision of Brennus and Pemphus.
has become desirable. This is my only excuse for the present
attempt, which will undoubtedly be severely criticised in certain
“quarters, because of the numerous species proposed. I would
gladly have the number less, for several reasons which it is not
necessary to dwell upon, but I cannot smooth or otherwise modify
the complexity of nature, and can merely portray it imperfectly ;
to lump the various forms together in composite descriptions
would not be simplification, but rather mystification for future
reviewers. That a considerable number of species are none the
less valid in this genus, which may be compared in this respect.
with Coniontis, for being mutually distinguishable only by a
number of points not involving special disparity of structure,
but constituting marked divergence in habitus, is evidently
proved in many cases by ample series of examples.

Brennus is confined in geographic range to the true Pacific
coast faunal province, but is exceedingly abundant and wide-
ranging within those limits, constituting one of the most charac-
teristic carabid elements of the region.

The forms which I have deemed worthy of distinctive names
are briefly diagnosed in the following table. In this table the
groups based upon the number of elytral striz are, in all proba-
bility, natural aggregates, but in many species it is difficult or
impossible to count the strize correctly, and experience will be
necessary before deciding upon the proper group in some cases.
The species with 16 strie have the side margin of the elytra.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 307

bluish or violaceous in lustre, which character is never, as far as
known to me, observable in the species having 18 strie.

Basal joint of the antennz large and stout; vertex unevenly carinate and
SOS 2 Bearer etctsre etete he siicielaistho vig ela sineialatectnls enieb lds tais bi eicias <& gas sein sien selaieclelwisieueisie'ssiisie =e 2
Basal joint more slender and moderate in length, though longer than the next
two together in cordatus; vertex smooth, becoming feebly and trans-

versely wrinkled or rugulose 1N SOME SPECIES ..........0..sceeceeeees esse eeeeeeses 5
2—Transverse nuchal constriction very deep and pronounced across the dorsal!
RUT ACC SAeeaa cnet sce ccieiene on atee ace elt secsiacis ein sic desing de satin mele tas wtp eaeioloss 3:
Transverse constriction obsolete, the carina of the vertex becoming feeble and
AER OU AN yao COSC Home ec nee tae set ssoacaciee sesae aselceincaes ee fee ceiscctasaseseassaatcestes f
#—Cephalic carina not dilated, the tubercle behind the interantennal depres-
sion single; elytra with finer striae. ...................ceseeeceees 1 cristatus

Cephalic carina with a double tubercle.
Basal joint of the antennz very large and conspicuous ; elytral sculpture
TM OMETALE Vg COATSC ect costa niacusazesls Selndaicisnrwied ewloaeuieee sbeseanietweses 2 basalis
Basal joint less enlarged, nearly as in cristatus; elytral sculpture strong,
the striz deeply impressed and apparently more approximate.
3 duplicatus

_4—Prothorax moderately narrowed behind, the sides sinuate; basal angles

CRB AUTO RUL Aa te cctss a2 oy ia alec soa, See els Wel slSais since od ass sins gins Setiass 4 rugiceps
Prothorax very strongly, obliquely narrowed behind and feebly sinuate near
the base, the basal angles more than right...................... 5 imcipiens

#&—Anterior tarsi of the male with the two basal joints spongy-pubescent or
papillose beneath, the third and fourth simply spinulose ; elytra 18-stri-
ate, but with the sculpture usually much confused toward the sides, the
TAT RIMS Me VET VLOLACEO US rccnc(saitucisie as ois Selsslcisto cals -\rie)s sisi cisese ssi sece oan wis acee 6

Anterior tarsi of the male with the first three joints densely pubescent or papil-
lose beneath, the fourth also having occasionally a few papille [ fide
Horn], but generally having merely a brush of long subspiniform setz..9

6—Elytra shining, the punctures moderate in size and not much wider than
fheystriceunelagier genevailliys fine yscs-).-sesescresdeeaseeeeses-eacecesssos-ee-cees- al

Elytra dull or opaque, the punctures much coarser than the strie............... 8

“4—Larger, 17-22 mm. in length, the elytra ovaland much elongated ; protho-
rax relatively large, much dilated anteriorly and unusually broad at
ASC wcces cece bassmsnase ates socebicase sate coscaischis stastcost 6 striatopunctatus

Similar to the preceding in size, the elytra less elongate and more broadly ob-
long-oval, fuller at the humeri; prothorax much narrower, as long as
VIWIGLI®: <4 sone Soe acd oneee bode seoc oe conehare: Hoc BECHE UNCOCGBEE BADR Se REE AA e ERC >.-7 Ovalis

Smaller, 16-18 mm. in length, the prothorax relatively much smaller and
shorter, much wider than long, the elytra less elongate-oval.

8 decipiens
$—Prothorax longer than wide, feebly sinuate behind, the basal angles sub-
rectangular ; elytral striz very fine, with deep and coarse punctures.

9 punctatus
Prothorax as wide as long.

308 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

The sides strongly sinuate behind, becoming parallel for a considerable dis-
tance before the base, the angles right; elytra very convex, the strize dis-
tinct, abruptly much confused in about lateral third, the punctures coarse.

10 gravidus

The sides oblique behind and feebly sinuate ; elytra with series of moderate

punctures, but not distinctly striate .....................ceeeeeee 11 subtilis
§—Elytra 18-striate, the striz sometimes much confused near the sides ; con-
cave elytral margin never Vi0]ACCOUG................2eeeeeeececeeesencee cee eeeweene 10
Elytra 16-striate ; intervals frequently interrupted ; reflexed margin nearly
always distinctly violaceo-metallic in lustre...................cecesceeeeeeoneee 13
Elytra 14-striate ; reflexed margin of the elytra with metallic reflection, ex-
COPE 1 COTAALUS. 21... 5cccckcccecndecczoncstuessaes con mosess ec dsectescGete et ee EE eee eee 14

10—Elytral strize feeble, rather feebly and indistinctly punctate, the second,
third, sixth and seventh irregular ; elytra quite depressed, evenly ellipti-

Calland SUbOpAaque ss .\os-.cueenccsscconseme ste seers sececiee 12 Symmetricus
Elytral striz even except near the sides, the intervals even and not inter-
rupted, at least internalliy-.5scccs.cceecs cee eceeene se sieee oss eeene te ee ee een eee eee 11

Elytral striz more uneven, the intervals more or less interrupted throughout
the width, much broken up in a broad lateral area ; elytral margins more
narrowly reflexed, the general sculpture very deep and rugose............ 12.

‘11—Prothorax narrow, longer than wide, the reflexed side margin very nar-
row ; elytra deeply and evenly striato-punctate................ 13 striatus

Prothorax wider than long except in mimus and catenulatus.

Sides of the prothorax deeply sinuate posteriorly and parallel before the
base, the angles right.
Elytra oblong-oval, strongly convex, the sculpture greatly confused in a
broad area toward the sides ; large species.

Striz unevenly spaced, the wider intervals each with an uneven sup-
plementary series of punctures; margins of the prothorax more
Sbrone ly meilexedltes ae eeasescece tere bereeen cere eee eee 14 fuchsianus

Strize evenly spaced ; intervals more convex, generally, or in the fe-
male at least, with feebly marked supplementary series of punc-
tures which are more obvious on the alternate intervals ( alternatus
IVEOES 2) c soeccnctan see seneheed scevactsne et ecn tt mt eee ee eeeee 15 ventricosus

Elytra elongate-oval, narrower and much less full at the humeri, the
strize even, deep and distinctly punctured almost to the side margins,
the intervals even, rather convex and smooth throughout ; surface with

a taimbpblue=blacks lustresiess.cesescssecs |e osce nee ee een eee eee eee 16 gentilis

Sides of the prothorax constricted before the base, thence diverging to the
basal margin ; elytra nearly as in gentilis, the prothorax larger, wider
than long, with the side margins much more broadly reflexed ; surface
deep black without trace of bluish lustre..................-0000- 17 strictus
Sides of the prothorax finely margined, only moderately sinuate toward
base, the disk narrower, as wide as long ; basal angles rectangular as
usual ; elytral punctures very coarse and deep, evenly arranged along
rather fine striz.
Elycral strize not impressed ; disk of the pronotum flat.......18 mimus

asia
re :

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 309

Elytral striz deeply impressed ; disk of the pronotum noticeably convex.

19 catenulatus

Sides of the prothorax oblique and very broadly, feebly sinuate posteriorly,

the basal angles much more than right, the disk wider than long, the

base narrow, not as wide as the head ; elytral punctures coarser than the

BUC Hee ose aca cakaassscessee0s aCe CEE Rane Rieiantiesinsubtenion te cih ces 20 oreophilus

42 —Sides of the prothorax oblique toward base and not or only feebly sinuate,
the angles distinctly more than right.

Prothorax wider than long, at base rather wider than the head ; elytra short,

strongly dilated and only a little longer than wide.......... 21 obliquus
Prothorax apparently as long as wide, at base evidently narrower than the
head.

Posterior apex of the intercoxal plate of the mesosternum narrowly and
deeply emarginate as a rule, though somewhat variable ; elytra nar-
OMY ALON CUlencichise smite seismencoscitcnsinnt ss ce senisaastsccieessiecce 22 convergens
Posterior apex broadly emarginate ; elytra more broadly oval and fuller
at the humeri ; prothorax relatively distinctly larger.

Genz usually minutely and acutely incised ; pronotum very finely

and densely granulato-reticulate and velvety blue-black.
23 opacicollis
Genz more coarsely and obtusely emarginate as a rule ; pronotum
less opaque, the sides more evidently sinuate toward base ; body less
elon gates avannsee wet aneenare stent els stcec tenets cases 24 sculptipennis
Sides of the prothorax strongly sinuate near the base, the angles right ; genz
deeply and angularly incised ; mesosternal plate strongly and angularly
emarginate behind ; head transversely rugulose.............. 25 porcatus
13—Prothorax strongly sinuate posteriorly, the sides parallel or nearly so and
straight for a short distance from the basal margin, the angles generally

right.
Base of the prothorax very narrow, not as wide as the head, the surface
shining.
Prothorax similar in general form in the two sexes ; elytra longer, elon-
gate-oval.
Elytral striz rather fine toward the suture ; prothorax in the male 14
aSiwideras they eliybrateesssesseean-ceee cesses uensesececiosee: 26 dissolutus

Elytral stris coarse and deep throughout; prothorax smaller, very
much less than 144 as wide as the elytra in the male.
Larger species, the prothorax strongly narrowed behind from the

THOTIG (6 NERS asia ceo oudochs accra NosocnaBet ede CoDHeBBRO rE SER OcOaeee 27 sinuatus
Smaller, the elytra more narrowly oval ; prothorax more gradually
narrowed behind from before the middle................ 28 politus

Prothorax dissimilar in the sexes, greatly inflated anteriorly in the male,
small in the female ; elytral shorter and more broadly oval.

f 29 corpulentus

Base of the prothorax broad, wider than the head, the surface dull and not

bluish ; elytral strize very deep...................2.02sceeeees 30 compositus

310 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

Prothorax oblique and only very feebly sinuate at the sides toward base.
31 fulleri
14—Elytra convex, black with violaceous concave margin, the intervals in-

terrupted toward the sides and apex....... wuvestésnaualoesaas 32 interruptus
Elytra convex, rubro- or zneo-cupreous in color, with metallic-green or golden
Side, MATQINS..,crrsecsessesesseesereneteeeeseeet cess sestava nates te <oemaleaaeaeieaaiaeane 15
Elytra much depressed and more gradually pointed behind, without metallic
SICE MALLING... ecvssencis occ sineedeleasle deslelecleclsiaulaiide seb sides acbtds ae aeken eee 16
15—Anterior tarsi of the male quite strongly dilated, the second joint only
very little longer than wide ; femora stouter............ 33 Cupripennis

Anterior male tarsi feebly dilated as usual, the second joint narrow and much
elongated ; femora normally slender.
Elytral striz more even and much deeper.
Larger, the side margins of the elytra greenish or coppery-goiden.
34 insularis
Smaller, the side margins vivid metallic-green in color...35 marginatus
Elytral strize feeble and very irregular ; margins greenish-golden in color ;
prosternal process much less impressed along the coxze ; body rufo-piceous

WOSINGEID soe pose ener aeoee soc bannenssoesasoo rpc ocenrohrass3sereaswaysensasane: 36 confusus
16—Body black and highly polished throughout, sometimes with a faint
ViOdAceous! LUSLE. «scsi sseeesae shoieaswarise series cpelignneds aus amenee<aasaee 37 cordatus

Of the species above enumerated several are still unknown to
me in nature, and a complete solution of the question of specific
rank of some others must be left for future investigation, when
the criteria for estimating introspecific variability can be de-

-termined with some slight degree of certainty, these remarks ap-
plying more especially to the forms in the neighborhood of sculp-
tipennis and dissolutus.*

1. B. cristatus Harr.—Boston Journ., II, p. 200; Horn: Trans. Am. Ent.
Soc., VII, 1878, p. 176; reticulatus Mots.: Kafer Russ., p. 90; Mann.: Bull.
Mose., 1852, ii, p. 292; 1. ¢.: 1853, iii, p. 121.

Moderately stout and ventricose, shining, the elytra minutely
reticulate and somewhat alutaceous. Head elongate, rather broad,
the upper surface strongly and longitudinally carinate, with a
simple tuberculiform prominence behind the frontal margin, an-
other just in advance of the anterior line of the eyes and another
at the base of the vertex, overhanging the deep nuchal con-
striction; posterior margin of the latter emarginate opposite the
tubercle; supra-orbital ridge strong, the antennal tubercles large ;

*The bibliographic quotations in this revision are taken from the paper of
Dr. Horn above referred to, and no attempt has been made to verify them in
most cases. ,

/

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 311

gene prominent, obtusely and deeply emarginate; antennz 2 as

long as the body, slender, the basal joint stout, obconic, as long
as the next two, the seta nearly at the apex. Prothorax as long
as wide, inflated and broadly rounded anteriorly, constricted at
basal sixth, the sides thence slightly divergent to the basal margin,
the latter as wide as the head, the angles less than right but blunt ;
reflexed margin fine; impressions strong; anterior margin
double. Elytra strongly convex, 4+ longer than wide, nearly 3
times as long as the prothorax and 22 times as wide, oval,
feebly shouldered ; strize fine, with moderate, rather shallow and
uneven punctures, broadly confused toward the sides. Length
15.0-17.0 mm.; width 6.7-7.4 mm. i

California (near San Francisco). The male has the second and
third joints of the anterior tarsi coarsely and not very densely
squamulose beneath throughout, the first with a small terminal
pad and the fourth spinose with some longer hairs in addition.
The intercoxal plate of the mesosternum is deeply and almost
evenly concave throughout, emarginate behind. The original de-
scription of Harris, founded upon Oregon specimens, states that
the elytra have a narrow blue margin; this is not recognizable in
any individual of the present group which I have seen.

I have before me a variety of this species in which the elytral
strize, instead of being uniform, are alternately more approximate,
the broader intervals with subdisconnected series of punctures.

2. B. basalis n. sp.—Moderately ventricose, shining. Head stout, moder-
ately elongate, the longitudinal crest irregular, tuberculiform anteriorly, then
depressed, finer and more acute, finely interrupted by a V-shaped sulcus just
before the eyes, immediately behind which it assumes the form of a strongly
elevated double tubercle, the basal tubercle pronounced and overhanging the
deep nuchal sulcus, the posterior margin of the latter indented at the middle ;
supra-orbital ridges strong, the antennal prominences very pronounced and sep-
arated from the crest by a profound excavation ;antenne % as long as the body,
slender, the basal joint very stout, obconic and unusually long; gene very
prominent, with a large oblique incisure. Prothorax tumid, a little wider
than long, inflated and rounded anteriorly, constricted at basal fifth, the sides
thence straight and divergent to the basal margin, which is as wide as the
head ; reflexed margins fine ; impressions deep ; apical margin very strongly and
broadly double, with longitudinally ruguliform polished sculpture. lytra
elliptical, slightly full toward base, 7g longer than wide, nearly 3 times as
long as the prothoraxand 214 times as wide; disk strongly convex, with
rather fine but impressed and moderately strongly punctured striz, which are
alternately more approximate, the striz of the broader intervals interrupted ;

312 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

sculpture stronger but not much more confused toward the sides. Length
16.0-21.0 mm. ; width 6.8-8.7 mm.

California (Sta. Cruz Co.).

This fine species can be distinguished at once from all others of
the cristatus group, by the unusually developed basal joint of the
antennze and peculiarities of cephalic sculpture; the papillose
tarsal pads of the male are rather dense, the fourth joint equilatero-
triangular, with the spiniform hairs long toward tip. The inter-
coxal plate of the mesosternum is flat at the bottom, with the sides
broadly reflexed. The female is more elongate than the male,
the elytra relatively wider and longer, with feebler sculpture, this
being however more confused broadly toward the sides. Numer-
ous specimens.

3. B. duplicatus n. sp.—Moderately stout and ventricose, shining,
deep black, without metallic reflection. Head rather wide, only moderately
elongate, the longitudinal crest beginning anteriorly in a large simple sub-
frontal tubercle, expanded at the middle in a large and strongly elevated
double tubercle, and ending at the nuchal constriction in a strong and nar-
_rowly rounded overhanging tubercle ; nuchal constriction very deep, its pos-
terior wall scarcely indented at the middle ; supra-orbital ridges strong, the
antennal tubercles large ; gene prominent, deeply and narrowly sinuate ; an-
tennz scarcely 24 as long as the body, slender, the basal joint stout and ob-
conic but rather short, not as long as the next two. Prothorax barely as long
as wide, inflated and rounded anteriorly, deeply sinuate behind, the sides
straight and subparallel in almost basal fourth, the base scarcely as wide as the
head, the angles right and only slightly blunt ; reflexed margins fine ; surface
rather convex, the impressions deep ; anterior margin only feebly double but
convex. Llytra strongly convex, almost evenly elliptical, not at all full at
base, %g longer than wide, nearly 3 times as long as the prothorax and
21 times as wide ; margins very narrowly reflexed ; disk coarsely and un-
evenly sculptured, the striz deep, with coarse and uneven punctures, alter-
nately more widely separated, the strize of the wider intervals partially inter-
rupted ; sculpture not much more confused toward the sides, the strize easily
traceable throughout. Length 14.0-17.0 mm.; width 6.2-8.0 mm.

California ( Lake Co.).

The anterior tarsi of the male are densely papillose beneath,
the pads of the first and third joints small and oval, the fourth
without pubescence but with the spines longer toward tip. The
intercoxal plate of the mesosternum is flat, with abruptly and
narrowly reflexed side margins and the usual deep posterior
emargination. The female is much larger and more ventricose
than the male, and has the prothorax a little more obviously con-
stricted near the hase.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 313

This species may be readily known among the allies of crista-
tus by the rather coarse, close, deep and uneven sculpture of the
elytra, scarcely constricted prothorax with the sides subparallel
near the base and not strongly divergent, and by the rather shorter
basal joint of the antenne. Three specimens.

4. B. rugiceps Horn—Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., IV, 1872, p. 143;l.¢.:
VII, 1878, p. 177.

Form moderately elongate, black, feebly shining. Head mod-
erately elongate; vertex elevated into an irregular obtuse crest;
supra-orbital ridges well defined ; front transversely impressed be-
tween the bases of the antennz; occiput not impressed ; genz
moderately dilated, incised beneath the eyes; antenne slender,
basal joint large and stout. Prothorax cordate, moderately con-
stricted posteriorly ; sides in front arcuate, posteriorly sinuate;
hind angles rectangular ; margin with a slightly thickened bead ;
disk feebly convex, anterior, median and basal lines not deeply
impressed. Hlytra regularly oval; margin narrowly reflexed ;
disk moderately convex ; surface with about eighteen moderately
deeply impressed strize in which the punctures are coarse but not
approximate ; intervals convex; inflexed portion nearly smooth.
Body beneath and legs smooth. Length 14-17 mm.

Oregon. The sculpture of the head is said to recall that of cer-
tain species of Clivina, but with a more elevated carina, and the
prothorax, by its more feebly impressed lines, recedes from the
other cristate species and approaches punctatus. The male char-
acters are as in cristatus. I have seen no example of this species
and simply transcribe the diagnosis of Dr. Horn.

5. B. incipiens n. sp.—Rather strongly ventricose, shining Head some-
what small and unusually abbreviated, without trace of transverse nuchal con-
striction, the median parts of the vertex thrown up in a very irregular and
feeble longitudinal elevation, the posterior limit of which—between the hind
margins of the eyes—being more definitely tuberculiform; supra-orbital ridges
very strong but unusually short, the antennal prominences large; labrum
wider than long; antennz slender, but slightly more than 14 as leng as the
body, the basal joint obconic though only moderately thickened and not as
long as the next two, the seta very near the apex as usual in this genus ;
gen rather prominent, angularly incised. Jrothorax fully as long as wide,
widest just before the middle, where the sides are somewhat prominently
rounded, thence convergent and broadly arcuate to the apex and strongly con-
vergent to the base, near which they become feebly sinuate; base very narrow,
scarcely more than 34 as wide as the head; angles obtuse and blunt; double

314 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

edge of the apex obliterated toward the middle, narrow; reflexed margins
fine; surface moderately convex, the median, subapical and subbasal lines
tather deep, also with the sublateral diverging impressions well marked.
Elytra oval, strongly convex, pointed at apex, rather full toward base, 7%
longer than wide, 234 times as long and 214 times as wide as the prothorax;
reflexed margins narrow; strive rather coarsely and deeply impressed, irregular
toward the sides, almost evenly spaced toward the suture, the punctures
rather fine and widely separated; intervals convex. Length 14.5 mm.;
width 7.0 nm.

Northern California ?

A remarkably distinct species in the very strongly oblique and
feebly sinuate sides of the prothorax posteriorly and unusually
narrow base of the latter, rather abbreviated head, and complete
lack of any trace of the nuchal constriction which is such a
prominent feature of cristatus, basalis and duplicatus. The inter-
coxal plate of the mesosternum is perfectly flat, with the edges
abruptly but narrowly reflexed. It should probably be placed
near rugiceps, and is represented by a single very immature
female specimen, without locality label but possibly from the re-
gion indicated above.

6. B. striatopunctatus Chaud.—Bull. Mosc., 1844, iii, p. 476;
Horn: Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VII, p. 185.

Elongate-oval, rather strongly ventricose, shining, the prono-
tum alutaceous; head alutaceous, the frontal portions polished.
Head stout, the genz generally with a small angular nick; a
transverse impression behind the eyes vaguely suggested ; anten-
ne not quite 2 as long as the body, slender and with the basal
joint somewhat stout, obconic and much shorter than the two fol-
lowing combined. Prothorax relatively large, much dilated and
rounded anteriorly, strongly sinuate before the base, the sides
parallel and straight in less than basal fifth, the base broad, rather
wider than the head, the apex broadly sinuate; disk much wider
than long, longitudinally quite convex, the impressions rather
feeble; side margins moderately reflexed. Elytra elongate,
evenly elliptical, widest at the middle, $ longer than wide, 35
times as long as the prothorax and a little more than twice as
wide; margins moderately reflexed; disk moderately convex,
finely striate, the striz not coarsely but distinctly punctured,
much confused broadly near the sides; intervals flat, each with a
supplementary series of punctures especially behind the middle.
Length 17.0-22.0 mm.; width 8.5-10.0 mm.

Coleopterolugical Notices, VII. 315

California (near San Francisco and Sta. Cruz). The intercoxal
plate of the mesosternum is large and irregular, transversely im-
pressed and with discontinuous side margin anteriorly, broadly
impressed along the middle and narrowly along each side poste-
riorly, emarginate behind ; there is some variation however in this
plate. Anterior tarsi of the male densely spongy-pubescent be-
neath, the pad of the first joint occupying apical half. The types
of the above outline are three males from Oakland, immediately
opposite San Francisco, and the two accompanying females are
almost similar but larger and a little more ventricose. Female
examples are before me from the peninsula of San Francisco,
which are larger, with the elytra much more elongate and nar-
rowed more toward base and having the prothorax relatively
smaller and scarcely visibly wider than long. The Sta. Cruz
example also has a slightly different aspect, and I have but little
doubt that there are some closely allied species involved in the
general material which we denominate siriatopunctatus. The
strial punctures of the male are stronger than in the female as is
frequently the case. It is a common species, and large series from
carefully recorded localities would be valuable.

7. B. ovalis Mots.—Bull. Mosc., 1859, iii, p. 162, pl. 3, fig. 11.

Strongly ventricose, shining, the head and pronotum alutaceous;
frontal regions polished. Head stout, moderately elongate, with
a subobsolete transverse impression behind the eyes; genz feebly
developed but with a rather large triangular nick; supra-orbital
ridges fine and strongly elevated, deeper but not transversely
dilated above the antenne, the latter slender, 2 as long as
the body, gradually more slender and paler toward tip, the
basal joint moderate. Prothorax as long as wide and apparently
a little longer, feebly inflated with the sides broadly arcuate an-
teriorly, sinuate posteriorly, the sides parallel and straight in
more than basal sixth; angles right; base broad, more than
4 the maximum width but barely as wide as the head; disk
but very feebly convex, the impressions all feeble; lateral reflexed
margin moderate. Elytra much inflated, strongly declivous
near the sides, much less convex broadly toward the middle,
less than 4 longer than wide, more than 3 times as long as
the prothorax and 22 times as wide, broadly elliptical, rather
full at the humeri, the reflexed margins moderate; strize very

2

316 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

fine and feebly impressed, deeper sublaterally, much confused
only very near the sides, finely and remotely punctate; intervals
flat, alternately with a few supplementary punctures. Length
21.5 mm.; width 10.3 mm.

California (exact locality not recorded). The single female
representing this species in my cabinet cannot by any possibility
be united with strzatopunctatus, and, as it corresponds exactly
with the figure of Motschulsky, especially in the form of the
prothorax, I regard it as a very satisfactory provisional exponent
of ovalis. The sides of the mesosternal plate between the coxz
are only very feebly elevated.

8. B. decipiens n. sp.—Rather strongly ventricose, shining, the pronotum
strongly alutaceous, the head dull but polished anteriorly. Head stout, moder-
ately elongate, very feebly, transversely rugulose toward the middle of the ver-
tex ; gene but slightly developed and having a minute angulate notch beneath
the eyes ; supra-orbital ridges narrow, long, strong, deeper above the antennz
but not swollen; antennz barely %% as long as the body, gradually more
slender from the second joint, the first moderately thick and claviform, much
shorter than the next two. Prothorax relatively rather small though distinctly
wider than long, rounded anteriorly, deeply sinuate toward base, the sides
parallel and straight in basal fifth or sixth ; angles right and blunt; base
broad, fully as wide as the head ; disk somewhat longitudinally convex, the
impressions all very feeble ; lateral reflexed margin moderate ; apex broadly
sinuate. lytra distinctly less than 14 longer than wide, 3 times as long and
2%, times as wide as the prothorax, almost evenly elliptical, rather full toward
base, moderately convex, the reflexed margin distinct, especially toward base ;
strize rather fine but well impressed, the punctures not coarse but distinct, well
separated ; intervals feebly convex, generally without supplementary punctures
in the male, but with the alternate intervals serially punctate behind the
middle in the female, abruptly much confused in lateral fourth. Length
16.0-18.0 mm. ; width 7.5-9.0 mm.

California (near Monterey).

The anterior tarsi of the male are moderately dilated, with the
dense spongy-pubescent pad of the first joint occupying fully
apical half. This species differs from striatopunctatus in its shorter
elytra, smaller and less dilated prothorax, rather more impressed
strize and somewhat fuller humeral regions of the elytra; it is
represented by six males and two females taken by Mr. Dunn.

Var. A—Similar to decipiens but with the elytra more elongate, the protho-
rax broader and more inflated anteriorly, much wider than long and more
narrowed at base, the latter being distinctly narrower than the head ; elytra

strongly depressed toward base. Length 17.5 mm.; width 8.0mm. Mon-
terey.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 317

A single male, taken in the same locality as decipiens, which I
have attached to that species as a variety,is remarkably different
in facies because of its wider prothorax and depressed elytra,
but so similar in other respects that it is evidently inadvisable
to announce it. specifically distinct until more examples can be
examined.

9. B. punctatus Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1859, p. 69; Mots.:
Kafer Russ., p. 90; Horn: Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., VII, 1879, p. 182.

Moderately robust, black, feebly shining. Head moderately
elongate, subopaque; genz incised. Prothorax cordate, a little
longer than wide; sides in front moderately arcuate, posteriorly
feebly sinuate; hind angles subrectangular; disk subopaque,
feebly convex; basal impression deeper than the others ; margin
very narrow. Elytra oval, ventricose, with very fine, scarcely
impressed striz which have deep and rather large punctures mod-
erately closely placed; lateral intervals confused; inflexed por-
tion of elytra very obsoletely punctate. Body beneath black,
shining. Length 13-18 mm. [ Horn].

California (Tejon). As an illustration of the fact, alluded to
in the introduction to the present paper, that species in the
Coleoptera which superficially resemble each other to an extreme
degree may in reality be profoundly different, the following re-
mark of Dr. Horn may be quoted: ‘* This species, and mimus of
the preceding group, resemble each other so closely that it is
hardly possible to distinguish them. In this species the hind
angles of the thorax are less decidedly rectangular, in mimus
very distinetly so.’”*

10. B. sravidus n. sp.—Strongly ventricose, dull, the elytra feebly alu-
taceous with the minute reticulations very evident, deep black throughout.
Head much elongated, moderate in width, the gene feebly developed but with
a distinct subangulate emargination ; vertex smooth, the supra-orbital ridges
fine and strong, more elevated at the antennz, the latter setaceous, 34 as long

* There are hundreds of cases where really distinct species are unscientific-
ally bunched together in our cabinets, merely because there is no superficial
structural character apparent to distinguish them. Under patient research the
character can generally be found, and in many cases will be internal, either
affecting the genitalia or perchance the alimentary canal or other unexpected
tract, but always evincing itself by an outward peculiarity of habitus, the
force and weight of which can only be appreciated after the reviewer has made
himself intimately familiar with the subject by prolonged and attentive study.

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., IX, March, 1897.—22.

318 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

as the body, the basal joint but slightly stouter and short, very much shorter
than the next two, with the seta distinctly ante-apical. Prothorax fully as
wide as long, moderately inflated with the sides circularly arcuate anteriorly,
moderately sinuate posteriorly, the sides becoming straight and parallel for a
considerable distance from the base, the latter much more than 4 the max-
imum width and rather wider than the head; angles right ; disk longitudi-
nally convex anteriorly, with the impressions very feeble; reflexed side-
margins quite strong. Elytra very convex, oblong-oval, about 1g longer than
wide, barely 3 times as long as the prothorax and 2'4 times as wide, the sides
very feebly arcuate except toward base and apex; disk full at the humeri,
vertical at apex in profile, having fine striz which are deeply and coarsely
impressed laterally but extremely feebly so toward the suture, the punctures
relatively coarse, somewhat uneven in size and unevenly spaced; intervals
feebly convex laterally, wholly confused and broken up abruptly in less than
lateral fourth. Length 14.0 mm.; width 7.0 mm.

California (southern).

The densely pubescent pad of the basal joint of the anterior
male tarsus is acutely triangular and occupies rather less than
apical half. The intercoxal plate of the mesosternum is very deeply
-emarginate behind and rather feebly margined along the sides.
This species is allied to punctatus, but differs in its broader pro-
thorax, with the sides parallel at base and the hind angles right.

A female from Monterey is associated with gravidus for the
present, though without doubt representing a species which may
or may not be closely allied. It has the prothorax similarly
shaped but smaller, the elytra still shorter and more evenly oval,
the striz stronger, the intervals more convex and with some sup-
plementary punctures toward tip. In the absence of the maie, it
is impossible to say whether it should be placed near gravidus
or mimus.

11. B. subtilis Schaum.—Berl. Zeitsch., 1863, p. 72, pl. 3, fig. 7; Horn:
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VII, 1879, p. 183.

Moderately elongate, black, subopaque. Head moderately
elongate, smooth; genz acutely incised. Prothorax cordate, as
broad as long; sides in front arcuate, posteriorly oblique with
feeble sinuation; margin moderately reflexed ; disk nearly flat ;
impressions feeble. Elytra oval, moderately ventricose, not
striate but with series of rather finely impressed punctures not
closely placed, which are somewhat confused at the sides; inflexed
portion sparsely punctate. Body beneath black, shining. Length
17-20 mm.

9

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 319

California (Los Angeles), also said to occur in Mariposa Co.
There is no representative of this species in the material before
me, and I have simply transcribed the description of Dr. Horn.
It is very distinct among the associates of striatopunctatus, in
the oblique sides of the prothorax, but seems to approach punc-
tatus in this respect as well as in its dull lustre.

12. B. symametricus n. sp.—Moderately ventricose, feebly shining,
black, the elytra with a slightly piceous tinge. Head elongate, subtriangular,
the vertex smooth; gene feebly developed, having the usual small angular notch;
Supra- orbital ridges well developed, the depression within the supra-antennal
portion deep ; antenne rather long, fully *4 as long as the body, very slender,
filiform and only just visibly thinner toward apex than at the second joint,
the first feebly thickened, much shorter than the next two, the seta at apical
fifth. Prothorax rather small, fully as long as wide, only moderately dilated
and very broadly arcuate at the sides anteriorly, rapidly narrowed posteriorly
and sinuate, the sides straight and parallel in scarcely basal sixth; base rather
more than 14 the maximum width but barely as wide as the head; angles right
and blunt; disk but very feebly convex, the impressions slight; side margins
fine and shallow. Elytra elongate and perfectly elliptical, nearly 14 longer
than wide, 27, times as long and 2?¢ times as wide as the prothorax, the re-
flexed margins somewhat narrow ; disk very moderately convex, rather abruptly
declivous at the sides, more flattened broadly above ; striz rather fine but well
impressed, finely and obsoletely punctate, the first and second, and sixth and
seventh very irregular, the others even ; intervals moderately convex, abruptly
much confused in lateral fifth. Length 17.0 mm. ; width 7.0 mm.

California (exact locality not recorded). .

The intercoxal plate of the mesosternum in the type is rather
abnormal, its thickened and elevated side margins posteriorly
being continuous with the bead of the acetabula, the anterior por-
tion, which is transversely excavated, being detached ; posteriorly
it is deeply sinuate as usual. In the unique male type the dense
pad of the first anterior tarsal joint occupies distinctly less than
apical half.

This species is quite distinct from any other in elytral form and
sculpture. 2

13. B.’striatus Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1859, p. 69; Horn:
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VII, 1878, p. 181; crenatus Mots.: Bull. Mosc., 1859,
lil, p. 161, pl. 3, fig. 8.

Moderately elongate, black, shining. Head elongate, smooth;
genz deeply incised. Prothorax somewhat variable in form,
usually elongate, cordate; sides in front arcuate, posteriorly
moderately sinuate ; hind angles rectangular; margin very narrow ;

320 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

disk feebly convex; impressions moderately deep. Elytra oval,
moderately ventricose ; surface deeply striate ; strize rather closely
but not coarsely punctured ; intervals convex, feebly interrupted
at the sides and near the tip; inflexed portion obsoletely punc-
tate. Body beneath smooth, shining. Length 15-21 mm.
[ Horn].

California (Sta. Barbara and Tejon). An inspection of the
type of LeConte, shows that this is a very remarkable species in
its small narrow and elongate prothorax, with unusually fine
reflexed margins, and I have no example in my cabinet which at
all approaches it. There is a decided probability that several
species were confused by Dr. Horn in drawing up the above
diagnosis.

The figure and words of Motschulsky appear to prove beyond ~
reasonable doubt, that he had before him this aberrant and local
species in drawing up his description of crenatus, which may be
regarded as a singular coincidence, in view of the multiplicity of
species and the apparent rarity of the one under consideration.

14. B. fuchsianus Rivers—Entomologica Americana, VI, 1890, p. 71-

Extremely ventricose, shining, the pronotum and head aluta-
ceous, the latter more shining anteriorly; color deep black
throughout. Head stout, moderately elongate, the vertex feebly
rugulose ; genze feebly developed, triangularly notched ; maxillary
palpi very long, the second joint as long as the last two together;
antennze well developed, slender, the basal joint slightly thick-
ened but much shorter than the next two, the seta subapical.
Prothorax relatively quite moderate in size, as wide as long, mod-
erately inflated and broadly arcuate at the sides anteriorly, sinu-
ate posteriorly, the sides straight and parallel in basal sixth,
the angles right; base 4 the maximum width and but slightly nar-
rower than the head; disk feebly convex; impressions feeble;
side margins unusually deep and strongly reflexed. EHlytra ex-
tremely inflated, subquadrate, very full at base, the sides very
feebly arcuate thence to the very oblique apex, 4 longer than
wide, 34 times as long as the prothorax and 22 times as wide,
strongly convex, more declivous near the sides, strongly striate,
the striz feebly and not closely punctate, alternately more widely
separated, the intervals very feebly convex, the wider each with a
Supplementary series of rather strong disconnected punctures

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 321

throughout the length, much confused in more than lateral fourth.
Length 25.0 mm.; width 11.7 mm.

California (El Dorado and Sonoma Cos.). The description
refers to a single mutilated female specimen recently purchased
from Mr. Rivers. The species is remarkably distinct in its very
broad and peculiarly sculptured elytra and deeper reflexed mar-
gins of the pronotum; it is one of the largest of the genus. The
elytra are more inflated but rather less convex and more oblong
than in ventricosus.

15. B. wentricosus Dej.—Spec., V, 1831, p. 527; Esch.: Zooi. Atl.,
1833, p. 21, pl. 25, fig. 1; Horn: Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VII, 1878, p. 181;
alternatus Mots.: Bull. Mosc., 1859, ii, p. 162, pl. 3, fig. 12.

Strongly ventricose, shining, the pronotum and posterior parts of
the head alutaceous ; color deep black throughout. Head stout
but much elongated, very feebly wrinkled throughout, except be-
hind the faint transverse nuchal impression just behind the eyes ;
gene with a distinct and acutely angulate incision; antennze 2
as long as the body, gradually narrowed from the second joint,
the first moderately dilated and but little longer than the third.
Prothorax relatively rather small, as wide as long, moderately in-
flated and rather strongly arcuate anteriorly, widest at apical
third, broadly sinuate behind, the sides becoming parallel for only
a very short distance before the basal margin, the latter a little
more than $ the maximum width but barely as wide as the head ;
disk feebly convex, the impressions slight and superficial ; reflexed
lateral margins distinct though moderate in depth. Elytra
broadly inflated and very convex throughout the width, oval, very
full at the humeri, 2 longer than wide, 35 times as long as the
prothorax and 25 times as wide; reflexed margin moderate ;
strie rather fine but deeply impressed, finely and obsoletely
punctured, more distinctly so sublaterally ; intervals broadly
convex, equal though alternately with imperfect supplementary
series of punctures, abruptly much confused in nearly lateral
third. Length 19.7—21.4 mm.; width 9.5-10.2 mm.

California (Sta. Cruz Co.). The description is taken from two
female examples, which are the only representatives included in my
cabinet at present. Aliernatus was referred by Dr. Horn to
striatopunctatus aS a synonym, but the figure of Motschulsky
indicates a species with very much fuller humeri than is ever
the case in that species, and with a less anteriorly inflated

322 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

prothorax. As the figure corresponds exactly with the examples
which are referred above to ventricosus, and, as supplementary
series of punctures are quite as evident here as in striatopunc-
tatus, I think that the synonymy now proposed may be some-
what more appropriate, although it is of course impossible to be
absolutely sure in the absence of types.

16. B. gemtilis n. sp.—Moderately ventricose, shining, the pronotum
slightly alutaceous, deep black throughout. Head elongate, moderate in
width, the vertex feebly and transversely wrinkled anteriorly, the genz not
greatly developed and having a small angulate notch ; supra-orbital ridges.
fine, strongly elevated at the antennz and there separated from the median
parts of the front by a deep depression ; antenne fully 3¢ as long as the body,
slender, only slightly thicker toward base, the first joint slightly stouter,
much shorter than the nexttwo. Prothorax relatively rather small, as wide
as long, moderately dilated and broadly rounded anteriorly, the sides sinuate
behind, becoming straight and parallel in about basal sixth ; base 14 the maxi-
mum width or a little more, about as wide as the head ; angles right; disk
only feebly convex, the impressions superficial, the median line fine but dis-
tinct ; reflexed sides moderately deep and strong. Elytra almost evenly ellipti-
cal, almost evenly and moderately convex, 7 longer than wide, more than 3.

‘times as long as the prothorax and barely 244 times as wide, not very full at
the humeri ; rather finely but deeply and very evenly striate, the striz finely
punctured, much more coarsely so sublaterally ; intervals convex, confused
only in a yery narrow area along the sides and distinctly traceable throughout.
Length 14.0-18.0 mm. ; width 6.5-8.8 mm.

California (near Monterey).

The ample series of ten specimens before me, represents a species.
allied somewhat to striatus but differing in its broader and much
shorter prothorax, with more strongly reflexed side margins.
The intercoxal plate of the mesosternum is generally flat, with
fine raised side margins which are interrupted at the middle and
with the usual deep posterior sinus. The female is but little
more ventricese than the above described male and has the pro-
thorax relatively a little smaller, but scarcely differs otherwise.
The pubescent pad of the first anterior tarsal joint of the male
extends through a little more than apical half.

The emargination of the gene is a very variable character, and,
in some specimens, the nick when small may be evident on one
side of the head and obliterated on the other.

17. B. strictus n. sp.—Moderately ventricose, the head and pronotum

strongly alutaceous, the elytra somewhat shining, deep black throughout.
Head quite stout and only moderately elongate, almost smooth, the genze with

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 323

the usual moderate angular nick ; supra-orbital ridges fine, stronger at the an-
tenne but not tuberculiform ; antennze % as long as the body, slender, feebly
thickened basally, the first joint elongate, obconic, much shorter than the next
two and distinctly stouter, the seta between apical fifth and sixth. Prothorax
relatively rather large and well developed, a little wider than long, strongly di-
lated and broadly, circularly arcuate anteriorly, constricted at basal sixth, the
sides thence straight and slightly divergent to the base, the latter fully 14
the maximum width but not as wide as the head ; angles a little less than
right and quite blunt; disk feebly convex, the impressions slight ; reflexed
side margins quite strong and deep. lytra evenly elliptical, evenly and mod-
erately convex, fully 2g longer than wide, 3 times as long as the prothorax
and about 21, times as wide, moderately full at the humeri, the reflexed side
margins distinct ; disk rather finely and evenly striate, the striz deeply im-
pressed and quite coarsely and closely punctured, distinctly crenulating the
intervals, which are convex, without trace of supplementary punctures and
perfectly even almost to the side margins. Length 18.0 mm.; width 8.2 mm.

California (exact locality not recorded).

This species is allied to the preceding, differing in its relatively
larger, more inflated and constricted prothorax and more coarsely
but equally evenly sculptured elytra. The pubescent pad of the
first anterior tarsal joint of the male occupies barely apical half.

The acarids infesting this genus are extremely minute, if the
numerous examples which I have seen are fully matured. One
noted on the present species is narrowly oval and barely a fourth
as long as the second anterior tarsal joint. The same species in-
fests several other widely different species of Brennus, and the
acarid is probably peculiar to this genus.

18. B. mimus Horn—Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 1874, p. 20; 1. c.: 1878,
p. 182.

Moderately elongate, black, shining. Head moderately elon-
gate, subopaque; gene feebly notched. Prothorax cordiform, as
wide as long; sides in front moderately arcuate, posteriorly
slightly sinuate; hind angles rectangular; margin very narrow;
disk flat, opaque; impressions feeble. Elytra oval, moderately
ventricose; surface finely striate; striz not impressed but with
large, moderately closely placed punctures; intervals irregular
at the sides; inflexed portion obsoletely punctate. Body be-
neath smooth, shining. Length 14.5-16 mm. [Horn.|

California (San Bernardino). This species is said to be very
similar to punctatus in general appearance, but with the elytra
rather less ventricose and differing in male sexual characters, as
indicated in the table. It is unknown to me in nature.

324 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

19. B. catenulatus n. sp.—Feebly ventricose, rather dull and aluta-
ceous, the elytra more shining, deep black throughout. Head rather narrow,
moderately elongate, evenly, transversely convex and smooth along the mid-
dle, the genze feebly developed and very minutely but acutely incised ; supra-
orbital ridges narrowly cariniform as usual, moderate in elevation even at the
antenne, the latter slender, only just visibly thicker basally, about % as long
as the body, the basal joint only very slightly thicker and barely longer than
the third. Prothorax relatively small, apparently not quite as wide as long,
moderately dilated and broadly rounded anteriorly, only moderately sinuate
posteriorly, the sides however becoming straight and subparallel for some dis-
tance from the base, the latter distinctly more than 14 the maximum width
and somewhat wider than the head ; anglesright but blunt; disk distinctly
longitudinally convex anteriorly, the impressions very feeble ; reflexed side
margins fine and rather feebly elevated. Hlytra narrow, suboval, widest rather
behind the middle, not very full at base, the humeri obliquely rounded, fully
2¢ longer than wide, 3 times as long as the prothorax and 27% times as wide,
the reflexed margins fine ; disk evenly and moderately convex, rather finely
and evenly striate, the striz very strongly impressed and with very coarse
deep punctures penetrating half through the intervals, the latter strongly con-
vex, only slightly discontinuous even near the sides. Length 14.0-15.0 mm.;
width 6.2—7.2 mm.

California (southern). Mr. Dunn.

The female differs considerably from the male above described
in the relatively larger, much more inflated elytra, which are nota-
bly fuller at the humeri, only a third wider than long, with the
sculpture less coarse and more confused at the sides; the pro-
thorax is actually slightly, and relatively very much, smaller, but
similar inform. The anterior tarsi of the male are only moder-
ately dilated, with the dense pad of the first joint occupying
more than apical half.

This is a remarkably distinct species, but appears to be allied to
mimus, differing in its somewhat smaller size, much more deeply
impressed elytral striz, narrower prothorax and other characters.

20. B. oreophilus Rivers—Entomologica Americana, VI, 1890, p. 111.

Strongly ventricose, rather dull, the elytra more shining espe-
cially in the female, deep black throughout. Head very moderately
elongate, somewhat stout, slightly rugulose near the middle of the
vertex, the supra-orbital ridges narrowly cariniform; gene very
feebly developed and having a small angulate incisure; autennz
slender, nearly 2 as long as the body, very feebly thickened toward
base, the first joint only slightly dilated, but littie longer than the
third with the usual subapical seta very long. Prothorax rela-

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 325

tively moderate in size, fully as wide as long, broadly rounded
laterally, the sides strongly oblique and just visibly sinuate be-
hind the middle, the base narrow, much less than } the maximum
width and narrower than the head; basal angles much more than
right, not very blunt ; disk nearly flat, the impressions feeble, the
reflexed margins moderately deep and strong. Elytra suboblong-
oval, evenly and moderately convex, very full at the humeri, the
latter subtransversely rounded to the prothorax,4 longer than
wide, 3 timesas long as the prothorax and 2} timesas wide; strize
rather fine, equal, broadly and deeply impressed, coarsely and
crenately punctate, the intervals narrow and convex, confused
near the sides. Length 14.5-17.0 mm.; width 6.7—7.6 mm.

California (El Dorado Co.). The femaleis larger but almost
exactly resembles the male, having the elytra not at all more inflated
but longer, with the strial punctures less coarse, and the intervals
- a little wider, less convex and more broadly and completely con-
fused near thesides. I have before me a male and three females
recently forwarded by Mr. Rivers.

21. B. obliquus Lec.—Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 1868, p. 61; Horn: 1. o.,
1878, p. 180.

Rather stout and strongly ventricose, alutaceous, the elytra
shining, deep black in color. Head rather narrow and elongate,
the vertex nearly smooth; supra-orbital ridges fine and rather
feeble, the inner slope of the portion above the antennz unusually
gradual; gene with a small angulate notch; antenne only
moderately slender and just visibly thicker basally, nearly = as
long as the body, the basal joint distinctly thicker, obconic, much
shorter than the next two. Prothorax relatively well developed,
a little wider than long, inflated and rounded anteriorly, the sides
feebly subangulate just before the middle, thence oblique to the
base, near which they are generally just visibly sinuate; angles
much more than right though scarcely at all blunt; base 4 the
maximum width and as wide as the head; disk feebly convex, the
impressions feeble, the fine median line distinct; reflexed mar-
gins moderately strong. Elytra broadly oval, strongly convex,
very full at the humeri, scarcely 3 longer than wide, 3 times as
long as the prothorax but only 24 times as wide, the reflexed
margin rather fine; disk coarsely, closely and deeply striate, the
strie finely, feebly, scarcely obviously and distantly punctate,
the intervals strongly convex, partially interrupted even toward

326 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

the suture and abruptly more confused in outer half, though easily
traceable throughout the width. Length 13.5 mm.; width 6.8
mm.

California. The specimen described above is a male and the
only representative which I have seen. The basal joint of the an-
terior tarsi is pubescent beneath only in a small oval area occupy-
ing apical third of the length. The female is undoubtedly larger,
with broader and less convex strial intervals and generally less
deeply sculptured elytra. The pronotum has a dull blue-black
lustre.

In the above type the left gena has a rather large angulate in-
cisure, while the right has merely an extremely minute cleft.

22. B. comvergems n. sp.—Feebly ventricose, alutaceous, the elytra
shining, deep black throughout, the pronotum without decided bluish lustre.
Head rather narrow and elongate, the vertex generally feebly and transversely
wrinkled along the middle anteriorly; gens feebly developed, with a small —
angulate nick; supra-orbital ridges moderate, gradually sloping inwardly
above the antenne, the latter decidedly short, slender but quite distinctly
_ thicker basally, 35 as long as the body, the basal joint moderately thick, ob-
conic, shorter than the next two but longer than the third, the seta very near
the apex. Prothorax relatively quite small, as long as wide, moderately di-
lated and rounded anteriorly, the sides only faintly subangulate well before
the middle, thence strongly oblique to the basal margin, just before which
they are very feebly sinuate, base narrow, less than 44 the maximum
width and distinctly narrower than the head; angles more than right and
slightly blunt ; disk distinctly longitudinally convex anteriorly, the impres-
sions feeble, the fine median line, however, quite distinct ; lateral margins
moderately reflexed. Elytra almost evenly elliptical, very convex, 7 longer
than wide, 3 times as long as the prothorax but scarcely 21, times as wide,
not full but obliquely rounded at the humeri ; margins narrowly reflexed ;
disk with very broadly and deeply impressed, but generally rather finely punc-
tate strize, the intervals strongly convex, interrupted at rather long intervals
internally, but much broken up, though readily traceable, in lateral third, the
general sculpture very coarse. Length 13.5-15.0 mm.; width &.9-7.0 mm.

California (Siskiyou Co.).

The female differs considerably from the male, described above,
in having the elytra strongly swollen and distinctly fuller and less
obliquely rounded at the humeri, more than three times as long
as the prothorax and 24 times as wide, the intervals wider and
less convex, but more thoroughly broken up in an abruptly de-
limited area, occupying fully lateral third of the width. In the
male the basal joint of the anterior tarsi is densely pubescent in
a rounded patch occupying but little more than apical third.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 327

This species is allied to obliquus, differing in the smaller and
less dilated prothorax with very much narrower base, and in the
much less ventricose male, the differences between the sexes
being apparently more pronounced than in that species. Four
Specimens.

23. B. opacicollis n. sp.—Rather strongly ventricose, dull, the frontal
regions and elytra more shining, deep black, the pronotum with a decided
bluish lustre. Head moderately stout and elongate, the vertex feebly, trans-
versely wrinkled anteriorly; genz feebly developed, with a minute angular
notch; supra-orbital ridges moderate, declivous internally; antennz slender,
36 as long as the body, slightly stouter toward base, the first joint thickened
but much shorter than the next two. Prothorar relatively moderate in size,
as long as wide, inflated and evenly and rather strongly rounded anteriorly,
not at all subangulate before the middle, the sides oblique posteriorly and
only just visibly sinuate near the base ; angles much more than right and not
blunt; base rather narrow, 14 the maximum width and barely as wide as the
head; disk nearly flat, the impressions all feeble; reflexed side margins mod-
erate. lytra almost evenly but broadly elliptical, 1, longer than wide,
barely 3 times as long as the prothorax and 2%, times as wide, strongly con-
vex, somewhat full at the humeri, the reflexed margins narrow; disk coarsely
and deeply striate, the punctures fine and widely separated ; intervals strongly
convex, frequently interrupted even toward the suture and very much broken
up broadly toward the sides, but with the strize distinctly traceable through-
out. Length 15.5 mm.; width 6.7-7.0 mm.

Oregon.

The male described above has the pubescent pad of the first
anterior tarsal joint extending through somewhat more than
apical third. The female has the elytra almost precisely similar -
throughout to those of the male and equally inflated, but a little
more elongate-elliptical and rather less full at the humeri, the
prothorax similar in form but distinctly smaller both actually
and relatively. The species may be known from the preceding
not only by the similarity of elytral inflation of male and female,
but by the flatter and more opaque disk of the pronotum, the
latter being relatively much larger in the male and with the
median line less impressed. A single pair.

24. B. sculptipemmis n. sp.—Rather strongly ventricose, alutaceous,
the elytra shining, the pronotum with scarcely a trace of bluish lustre; body
deep black throughout. Head moderately stout and elongate, the vertex feebly,
transversely rugulose anteriorly; supra-orbital ridges fine and rather feeble
but becoming strong, subangulate and moderately sloping internally at the

antenne; gen with a distinct obtusely angulate notch; antennz 34 as long as
the body, slightly thickened toward base, the first joint shorter than the next

328 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

two but very much longer than the third, slightly thickened. Prothorax rela-
tively moderate in size, as long as wide, rather strongly inflated and rounded
anteriorly, with only feeble trace of angulation before the middle; sides
strongly oblique posteriorly and broadly, feebly sinuate toward base, the
angles slightly more than right; base narrow, much less than 14 the maximum
width and narrower than the head; disk feebly, longitudinally convex an-
teriorly, the impressions all very feeble; side margins moderately reflexed.
Elytra almost evenly but rather broadly elliptical, quite full at the humeri,
% longer than wide, 3 times as long as the prothorax and 27, times as wide,
strongly convex, the margin narrow; strize coarse and deeply impressed, with
rather coarse, uneven and widely separated punctures, the intervals convex,
much interrupted even toward the suture and greatly broken up broadly
toward the sides, but with the striz distinetly traceable throughout as s usual
in this group. Length 14.0-16.5 mm.; width 6.5-8.3 mm.

California (exact locality not cooedey

In the male, which is the sex described above, the pubescent
pad of the first anterior tarsal joint is very small and dense,
broadly rounded and occupies fully apical third. The female is
larger in the body and with the elytra relatively distinetly more
inflated but with the prothorax not at all smaller, even relatively,
This species is closely related to convergens, but differs in its
relatively larger prothorax, with the oblique sides more broadly
and distinctly sinuate toward base, in the larger size of the body,
less sexual difference in the form of the hind body and several
other features. Three specimens.

25. B. porcatus n. sp.—Rather narrow and elongate, moderately ventri-
cose, alutaceous, without trace of bluish lustre, the elytra rather shining ; body
deep black throughout. Head somewhat.stout and only moderately elongate,
distinctly rugose, the genz feebly developed, deeply incised ; supra-orbital
ridges strong but shorter than usual ; antenne scarcely 34 as long as the body,
just visibly thicker toward base, the first joint distinctly thicker, obconic and
only slightly shorter than the next two, the seta very nearly at the apex.
Prothorax relatively well developed, dilated and rounded anteriorly, feebly
subangulate before the middle, the sides becoming deeply sinuate posteriorly,
parallel and straight in basal fifth or sixth, the angles right and bluntly
rounded ; base fully 14 the maximum width and about as wide as the head ;
disk feebly convex, the impressions slight ; reflexed margins moderate. Elytra
almost evenly elongate-elliptical, not very full at the humeri, the latter ob-
liquely rounded, 234 times as long as the prothorax and barely 244 times as
wide, 7g longer than wide, the reflexed margins fine; disk strongly convex
and rugose, the striz coarse and deeply impressed, the punctures rather large
but widely separated and not very distinct ; intervals convex, irregular and
much interrupted throughout, gradually more frequently toward the sides but
with the striz readily traceable throughout the width. Length 15.0 mm.;
width 6.4 mm.

Ae ie

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 329

California (locality not known).

This species is distinct, among those of the present group, in
having the sides of the prothorax sinuate deeply behind and par-
allel for a considerable distance before the base as in ventricosus
and many other forms not closely related. It is allied to sculpti-
pennis, but the single male before me differs from the correspond-
ing sex of that species in its more elongate and less ventricose
form and very much larger prothorax; the sexual characters
are similar.

26. B. dissolutus Schaum—Berl. Zeitschr., 1863, p. 72, pl. 3, fig. 6;
Horn: Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VII, 1878, p. 179.

Rather elongate and moderately ventricose, polished, the pro-
notum feebly alutaceous ; body deep black throughout, with very
feeble bluish lustre, the elytral margins with blue or violaceous
metallic reflection. Head stout, only moderately elongate, the
vertex feebly, transversely wrinkled near the middle; genz feebly
developed and having a minute cleft-like incisure; supra-orbital
ridges fine posteriorly, strong at the antenne, the latter not 2 as
long as the body, slender, only slightly thicker basally, the first
joint thicker, not quite as long as the next two but much longer
than the third. Prothorax relatively large, slightly wider than
long, strongly dilated and rounded anteriorly, strongly rounded
just before the middle, the sides thence strongly oblique and
straight to the subbasal sinuation, thence almost parallel and
straight to the base, the angles very slightly more than right;
base not quite 4} the maximum width and subequal in width to the
head ; disk feebly convex, the impressions rather distinct ; mar-
gins moderately deep and almost vertically reflexed. Hlytra al-
most evenly elliptical, 2 longer than wide, 23 times as long as the
prothorax and not more than twice as wide, rather full and
strongly rounded at the humeri; reflexed margins moderate and
having coarser, widely separated punctures ; disk moderately
convex, with rather fine but broadly and deeply impressed striz
bearing moderate and somewhat distant punctures, the intervals
relatively wide and only moderately convex, frequently inter-
rupted near the sides and apex but only occasionally and partially
toward the middle. Length 15.5-17.0 mm.; width 6.4—7.3 mm.

California (near Monterey). The pubescent pad of the first
anterior tarsal joint of the male above described, occupies much
less than apical half. There do not seem to be any papille on the

330 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

under surface of the fourth joint, but the spiniform sete are
longer and denser. ‘The intercoxal plate of the mesosternum is
abruptly narrowed and elevated anteriorly and with the usual
deep posterior emargination. The female is larger but differs ex-
tremely little in general form, the elytra being but slightly more
inflated, though relatively much larger when compared with the
prothorax in every dimension.

I am not certain that this is the true dzssolutus of Schaum, but
it answers the-description somewhat better than any other species
before me.

27. B. simuatus n. sp.—Rather strongly ventricose and only moderately
elongate, polished ; head and prothorax very feebly alutaceous, the convex por-
tions of the latter polished ; body deep black, the pronotum near the sides and
concave elytral margins distinctly violaceous. Head moderately stout and
elongate, the vertex virtually smooth ; genze feebly developed, with the nick
small and angulate; supra-orbital ridges fine, strong anteriorly where the
inner slope is quite gradual ; antennee scarcely 34 as long as the body, slender,
- scarcely thicker basally, the first joint only slightly stouter, obviously shorter
than the next two, the seta fully at apical sixth. Prothorar relatively mod-
erate in size, as long as wide, strongly inflated, with the sides rounded an-
teriorly, strongly oblique and nearly straight thence to the subbasal sinua-
tion, becoming parallel and straight in basal fifth or sixth ; angles right ; base
1g the maximum width but scarcely as wide as the head ; disk feebly but dis-
tinctly convex, the impressions fine though distinct ; reflexed margins mod-
erate. Elytra subelliptical, notably full at the strongly rounded humeri and
quite pointed at apex, slightly more than 1g longer than wide, about 3 times
as long as the prothorax and 2?¢ times as wide, the reflexed margin moderate,
with coarse and widely spaced punctures; disk rather strongly convex, with
deep and widely impressed strize which are rather coarsely but unevenly punc-
tured ; intervals convex, frequently more or less completely interrupted to-
ward the suture and very much broken up laterally, the striz readily trace-
able, however, throughout. Length 16.5-18.0 mm. ; width 6.8-8.0 mm.

California (locality unknown).

The male here described represents a species closely allied to
dissolutus, but differing in its more inflated hind body and
relatively much smaller and less anteriorly dilated prothorax,
this not differing so much in relative size in the male and female;
it also differs in having the elytral striz deeper and the intervals
more frequently interrupted throughout. The sexual characters
and mesosternal plate are nearly similar. The female is larger,
but only slightly more ventricose than the male. Three specimens.

28. B. politus n. sp.—Very nearly similar to sinuatus but smaller, with
less ventricose and less rugose elytra, and differing in the form of the pro-

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 331

thorax, which is here as long as wide and apparently a little longer, dilated
and rounded anteriorly, distinctly angulate before the middle, the sides
thence strongly oblique and sinuate to the base but not becoming parallel,
the angles a little more than right and rather blunt; base narrow, barely 14
the maximum width and about as wide as the head. iytra elliptical, nearly
2< longer than wide, not quite 3 times as long as the prothorax and 21g times
as wide, rather full at the humeri, the sides becoming very feebly arcuate
thence to the apical obliquity; disk sculptured nearly as in stnwatus but rather
less convex, especially toward base, the intervals more even and much less
interrupted toward the suture. Length 13.5 mm.; width 5.8 mm.

California (Hoopa Valley, Humboldt Co.).

The papillz on the under surface of the anterior tarsi in the
single male before me are very coarse, and the pad of the first
joint scarcely occupies more than apical third; there do not seem
to be any papille on the fourth joint, but, as usual, the stiff sete
are longer and more numerous.

This species is differentiated from s7nuatus by a number of
characters relating to general habitus, such as smaller size, less
ventricose form, more flattened and less strongly sculptured
elytra and somewhat differently shaped prothorax; extended
series would probably prove them mutually distinct at a glance,
but having a single specimen only, I have hesitated some time be-
fore separating politus and giving it a specific status.

29. B. corpulentus n. sp.—Short, stout and strongly ventricose, black,
strongly shining, the pronotum only very slightly alutaceous, faintly viola-
ceous toward the sides, the elytra also violaceous in the reflexed lateral margin.
Head only slightly elongated, the vertex very feebly, transversely wrinkled;
genze feebly developed, with a moderately large angular notch; supra-orbital
ridges fine posteriorly; antennze slender, scarcely 35 as long as the body,
slightly thickened toward base, the first joint dilated as usual, much shorter
than the next two but longer than the third. Prothorax relatively well devel-
oped, short, much dilated and rounded anteriorly, distinctly wider than long,
the sides very strongly oblique and feebly arcuate behind the middle to the
sinuation, which is strong and abrupt, becoming straight and parallel in a
little more than basal sixth; angles right; base narrow, less than 14 the maxi-
mum width and slightly narrower than the head; disk quite distinctly longi-
tudinally convex, the impressions distinct; lateral margins rather deep and
strongly reflexed. lytra short and broadly elliptical, rather full at the
humeri, less than 14 longer than wide, not quite 3 times as long as the pro-
thorax and but little more than twice as wide; margins rather widely reflexed
toward base and with coarser punctures; disk moderately convex, with rather
coarse and impressed striz, becoming very coarse and irregular laterally, the
strize not very coarsely but distinctly punctured, the intervals convex, re-
motely subinterrupted, becoming narrow, irregular and more broken up later-
ally. Length 12.7-14.7 mm.; width 6.0-7.0 mm.

332 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

California (Oakland, Alameda Co.).

The description given above refers to the male, and the female
is so different that it might readily be regarded as specifically dis-
tinct; the elytra are not much broader than in the male, but are
very strongly convex, with the striz finer and more uneven and
the intervals flatter, but the prothorax is relatively very much
smaller, feebly dilated anteriorly and fully as long as wide. The
sexual characters are nearly as in the preceding species, from
which this can be readily distinguished by its short inflated hind
body.

30. B. compositus n. sp.—Rather elongate, moderately ventricose,
black, the head and pronotum very dull, the latter without trace of bluish
lustre ; elytra polished, the concave side margins with a faint tinge of bluish ;
body deep black throughout. Head stout and only slightly elongate, the gence
moderately developed, with a small angular notch; supra-orbital ridges
strong; eyes rather large; vertex transversely wrinkled; antennz nearly 34 as
long as the body, slender, the basal joint thicker as usual, not as long as the
next two, but very much larger than the third. Prothorax relatively rather
well developed, very slightly wider than long, dilated and broadly rounded
anteriorly, subangularly rounded at the middle; sides strongly sinuate pos-
teriorly, becoming parallel and straight in basal sixth ; angles right; base
broad, somewhat exceeding 14 the maximum width and wider than the head ;
disk feebly convex, finely, unevenly rugulose in a generally transverse direc-
tion, the impressions distinct, the reflexed margins rather strong. Llytra
evenly elliptical, not very full and broadly, obliquely rounded at the humeri,
2 longer than wide, 3 times as long as the prothorax and about 27% times as
wide ; reflexed margins distinct and more coarsely punctured ; disk moderately
convex, strongly striate, the striz broadly impressed and rather coarsely but
somewhat unevenly punctured, the intervals convex, occasionally subinter-
rupted internally and much broken up broadly toward the sides. Length:
17.0 mm. ; width 7.6 mm.

California (locality not recorded).

This species is quite distinct from any of the preceding in the
more opaque and rugulose and duller pronotum, with the base
relatively much wider, and in having the spongy-pubescent sole
of the first tarsal joint in the male more extended, occupying
nearly apical half. The intercoxal plate of the mesosternum is.
deeply concave anteriorly, near the narrowed anterior prolonga-
tion. A single specimen.

31. B. fulleri Horn—Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VII, 1878, p. 179.
This species is said to resemble marginatus somewhat in form
and in the obliquity of the sides of the prothorax posteriorly, but.

‘init, Se

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 333

to be larger and of rather more robust outline. It is black, with
a feeble violaceous tinge, the concave margins of the elytra more
strongly violaceous. The sides of the prothorax are oblique be-
hind and very feebly sinuate. Length 15-16 mm.

Oregon. I have assumed that fullerti, which was attached to
marginatus as a variety, is in reality a distinct species with six-
teen elytral strive, and not fourteen, which is the condition in
marginatus and allied metallic species. It is, of course, quite
possible that my assumption in regard to the number of elytral
strize may be wrong, as Dr. Horn states that the striz in his
eroup “II A” do not exceed fourteen in number. In any event,
whether classed with marginatus or dissolutus, there can be very
little doubt of the specific validity of the form under consideration.

32. B. interruptus Men¢t.—Bull. Acad. Petrop., 1844, ii, p. 54;
Motsch.: Bull. Mosce., 1859, iii, p. 162, pl. 3, fig. 10; Horn: Trans. Am. Ent.
Soe., VII, 1878, p. 180; constrictus Lec.: Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., 1853, p. 398.

Strongly ventricose, polished, the head and pronotum not
alutaceous ; body deep black, the pronotum with a feeble bluish
reflection, the reflexed side margins of the elytra violaceo-metallic
inlustre. Head moderately stout and elongate, nearly smooth, the
supra-orbital ridges fine posteriorly; genz feebly developed, the
notch minute and angulate ; antenne fully 2 as long as the body,
slender, the basal joint but slightly stout and much shorter than
the next two. Prothorax slightly wider than long, strongly
dilated and rounded anteriorly, more narrowly rounded at the
middle, the posterior sinuation deep; sides becoming straight
and parallel in basal sixth; angles right but bluntly rounded;
base narrow, not quite + the maximum width and much narrower
than the head; disk feebly convex, the median line rather dis-
tinct ; sublateral impressions short and feeble; lateral margins
rather deep and strongly reflexed. Elytra short and inflated, +
longer than wide, 3 times as long as the prothorax and nearly 24
times as wide, rather full and strongly rounded at the humeri ;
reflexed margins moderate, coarsely punctured ; disk strongly and
evenly convex, the fourteen striz rather broadly and deeply im-
pressed and almost perfectly even throughout the entire width,
the punctures moderately coarse; intervals convex, feebly sub-
interrupted, more obviously toward tip. Length 12.5 mm.; width
6.0 mm.

California (Sta. Cruz). The male above described has the an-

ANNALS N. Y. AcAD. Sct., 1X, March, 1897.—23.

334 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

terior tarsi even more feebly dilated than usual, with the papille
of the under surface rather coarse and only moderately dense, the
pad of the first joint small and apical. It agrees quite well with
the figure of Motschulsky, but is probably not a very character-
istic specimen, as the elytral intervals are almost entire. The
form figured by Motschulsky under the name ventricosus, which
is referred to this species by Dr. Horn, is certainly quite different,
but it is probable also that it does not represent ventricosus ; it
is wholly indeterminate from the figure.

33. B. cupripenmnis n. sp.—Elongate, feebly ventricose, shining through-
out, black, the elytra bright metallic cupreous-red, with a brilliant green
margin; legs and under surface piceous. Head moderately stout and elongate,
triangular, the genz very feebly developed and having an exceedingly small
angular nick; supra-orbital ridges very fine posteriorly, moderately strong at
the antennz, the latter slender, scarcely 34 as long as the body, with the basal
joint notably thicker and nearly as long as the next two, the seta at apical
seventh or eighth; vertex nearly smooth. Prothorax relatively rather well de-
veloped, about as long as wide, moderately dilated and rounded anteriorly,
the sides more strongly rounded well before the middle, thence oblique and
almost straight to the base, the angles much more than right and bluntly
rounded; base fully 14 the maximum width and as wide as the head; disk
feebly convex, the median line rather deeply impressed; sublateral longitudi-
nal impressions distinct, extending before the middle; reflexed margins mod-
erate. Elytra evenly elongate-elliptical, nearly 14 longer than wide, 3 times
as long asthe prothorax and scarcely more than 214 times as wide, obliquely
and evenly rounded and not very full at the humeri; reflexed margins ample,
with very coarse punctures; disk evenly and moderately convex, the striz
coarse, slightly uneven, broadly impressed, deep laterally but rather shallow
toward the suture, the punctures coarse, uneven and close-set; intervals con-
vex, but slightly uneven at the sides. Femora stout. Length 15.0 mm.;
width 6.0 mm.

Washington State.

The two males before me represent a species allied to margina-
tus but slightly larger, and differing greatly from that, and all
other forms of the present group, in the thicker femora and much
more dilated anterior tarsi. The intercoxal plate of the meso-
sternum is rounded, flat, with abruptly elevated and rather fine
side margins and the usual large posterior emargination.

34. B. insularis n. sp.—Elongate, rather feebly ventricose, shining
throughout, black throughout the body and legs, the elytra rather dusky
cupreo-violaceous, with narrow and bright zeneous side margins. Head rather

stout, moderately elongate, the vertex almost smooth, the broadly impressed
transverse nuchal constriction rather pronounced; gene feebly developed, with

—- »*

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 335

the angular notch small and inconspicuous ; supra-orbital ridges moderately
strong and inwardly inclined at the antennz, fine posteriorly; antennz slen-
der, moderate in length, the basal joint distinctly thicker, claviform, not as
long as the next two, the seta at apical eighth. Prothorax well developed,
scarcely as long as wide, moderately dilated and broadly rounded throughout
anteriorly, the sides not more strongly rounded before, but becoming gradu-
ally oblique behind, the middle, to the base, with a scarcely visible ante-basal
sinuation; angles much more than right and bluntly rounded; base wide,
more than 144 the maximum width and fully as wide as the head; disk feebly
convex, the median line strong; sublateral impressions deep, extending far
before the middle; reflexed margins rather fine. Elytra elongate-elliptical,
fully 44 longer than wide, nearly 314 times as long as the prothorax and 214
times as wide; humeri evenly and obliquely rounded; reflexed margins ample
but rather finely punctate; disk strongly, evenly convex, the striz deep and
broadly impressed, rather uneven, obscurely punctate, readily traceable
throughout the width, the intervals convex, much broken up toward the sides
and finely so toward the apex. Legs very slender. Length 17.5 mm.; width
6.8 mm.

Queen Charlotte Islands.

This fine species is founded upon a single perfect specimen,
recently sent to me by Mr. Fletcher and probably taken by Mr.
Keen. It is a female, but the species will be readily known from
marginatus by its much larger size, more elongate and convex
elytra, larger and less posteriorly narrowed prothorax, with the
sides less sinuate toward base and several other characters.

35. B. marginatus Fisch.—Ent. Russ., I, p. 79, pl. 7, fig. 1; Dej.:
Spec., II, p. 12; Esch.: Mem. Mosc., 1823, vi, p. 98; Mann.: Bull. Mosc.,
1843, p. 185 ; Horn: Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VII, 1878, p. 178.

Moderately elongate and ventricose, shining throughout, the
pronotum not distinctly alutaceous, black, the elytra cupreous-red
with bright metallic-green or brassy-green reflexed margins. Head
rather small, not much elongated, the vertex smooth; supra-or-
bital ridges fine posteriorly ; gene very feebly developed with the
notch small; antenne very slender, not 2as long as the body,
the basal joint but slightly thickened and much shorter than the
next two. Prothorax relatively moderate is size, as long as wide,
the sides dilated and evenly rounded anteriorly, becoming ob-
lique and broadly, feebly sinuate to the base, which is narrow, 4 the
maximum width and barely as wide as the head; angles much
more than right and very bluntly rounded ; disk but feebly convex,

the median line and two diverging sublateral impressions deep

and distinct, the latter extending to apical third ; reflexed margins

336 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

moderately strong. Elytra narrowly elliptical, about 2 longer than
wide, 3 times as long as the prothorax and 22 times as wide, not
full but obliquely and broadly rounded at the humeri, the reflexed
margins distinct and coarsely, distantly punctate; disk evenly
and moderately convex, deeply and coarsely striate, the strize
coarsely and unevenly punctate; intervals convex, distinct to
the sides but frequently interrupted, more tuberculosely so toward
tip. Length 12.0-14.0 mm.; width 4.5-5.5 mm.

Alaska to Oregon. The female type described above is from
Fort Wrangel, Alaska, and presumably represents the true mar-
ginatus. Other representatives differ slightly; for example, a
male from Oregon has the oblique sides of the prothorax almost
straight behind, the sublateral impressions feebler and the surface
alutaceous with violaceous reflection toward the sides. Another
female, without locality label, has a smaller and shorter prothorax,
which is duller black and without distinct indication of metallic
lustre; finally a number of specimens from Washington State are
very small, perhaps representing a geographical subspecies. The
assumed typical form has the sides of the prothorax distinctly
sinuate toward base, and the sublateral impressions very lone
and strong; as is frequently the case, the prothorax of the female

‘is smaller than.in the male.

36. B. confusus n. sp.—Elongate, feebly ventricose, shining throughout,
the pronotum not distinctly alutaceous, piceous-black, piceous beneath, the
elytra metallic zneo-cupreous in lustre, the reflexed margins brighter viridi-
geneous. Head moderately stout and elongate, the median parts of the vertex
very Slightly wrinkled transversely ; supra-orbital ridges fine posteriorly ;
gene scarcely at all developed, with a very minute angulate notch ; antennz
slender, scarcely 34 as long as the body, the base joint moderately stout, about
as long as the next two, the seta at apical sixth. Prothorax relatively mod-
erate in size, scarcely as long as wide, moderately dilated and rounded an-
teriorly, broadly subangulate at apical 7%, the sides thence oblique and al-
most perfectly straight to the base ; angles much more than right, bluntly
rounded ; base rather wide, somewhat more than 14 the maximum width and.
fully as wide as the head ; disk feebly convex, the median line and sublateral
impressions deep, the latter sigmoid, extending to apical fourth. Hlytra
elongate-elliptical, not at all full but broadly and obliquely rounded at the
humeri, nearly 14 longer than wide, not quite 3 times as long as the prothorax
and not more than twice as wide, the reflexed margins moderate in width and.
coarsely, unevenly punctate ; disk evenly and moderately convex, coarsely
and irregularly punctate, the punctures arranged in vaguely defined, feebly:
impressed strizform series, the intervals convex and much disintegrated..
Length 11.7-13.7 mm.; width 4.8-5.6 mm.

-
Rs?
P

Coleopterolugical Notices, VII. 337

Locality doubtful.

The male, which is the type of the above description, represents
a species closely allied to marginatus, but differing in its jess an-
teriorly inflated prothorax, with feebler reflexed margins and
much straighter oblique sides, more narrowly elongate-elliptical
elytra, with less impressed and very much less defined elytral
striz, in its rather smaller size, more neous and less coppery-
red elytra and other characters. The anterior tarsi are moder-
ately dilated, with the soles very finely and extremely densely
papillose, that of the first joint small, rounded and occupying
scarcely apical third, the fourth without papille beneath; the in-
tercoxal plate of the mesosternum is deeply concave. The female
is larger, with the prothorax relatively smaller, but otherwise
similar, and the elytra but little more broadly elliptical and not
at all fuller at the humeri. The two examples before me are
without indication of locality, but were undoubtedly taken at
some point on the coast between northern California and Alaska.

37. KB. cordatus Lec.—Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., 1853, p. 399; Horn:
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VII, 1878, p. 178.

Rather elongate and moderately ventricose, highly polished
throughout and deep black, sometimes with a faint violaceous
metallic reflection. Head rather small, moderately elongate, the
transverse nuchal constriction behind the eyes distinct though
shallow; vertex perfectly smooth; genze very feebly developed,
the notch small or evanescent; supra-orbital ridges becoming
fine posteriorly ; antenne slender, scarcely 2 as long as the body,
the basal joint moderately thickened, but longer than the next
two, the seta between apical fifth and sixth. Prothorax relatively
moderate in size, nearly as long as wide, rounded anteriorly, nar-
rowly rounded just before the middle, the sides rather strongly
sinuate nearer the base than usual, the angles nearly right and
bluntly rounded; base 4 the maximum width and as wide as the
head; disk feebly convex, the median line rather distinct, the
sublateral impressions parallel and strong, ending abruptly at
basal 2; side margins moderately reflexed. Elytra elongate, sub-
cordiform, nearly 4 longer than wide, 3 times as long as the pro-
thorax and about 2; times as wide, full toward the humeri,
which are strongly and subtransversely rounded at base, gradu-
ally pointed and rounded in ogive behind the middle; margins
well reflexed and coarsely punctured; disk very depressed, nar-

338 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

rowly declivo-convex near the sides, the strize rather fine, im-
pressed, somewhat discontinuous, especially toward the sides,
where, contrary to the general rule, they are less impressed ;
punctures moderately coarse and somewhat uneven; intervals
slightly convex and even throughout. Length 13.0-13.7 mm.;
width 5.0—-5.5 mm.

California (near Monterey).

The intercoxal plate of the mesosternum seems to vary greatly
in different individuals, in the female described above being more
elongate than usual, convex and without elevated margins, while
in another specimen, which is seemingly its male, the plate is
rounded and deeply concave. The anterior tarsi of the male are
extremely feebly dilated, with the pubescent pad of the first joint
very small and apical. A female from Santa Cruz seems to indi-
cate a variety or perhaps a closely allied species, with larger elytra,.
narrower base of the prothorax and more obtuse basal angles.

Although similar to the others in general organization, this
species departs remarkably in facies because of the depressed
elytra, which are more abruptly rounded at base and more gradu-
ally pointed at apex. It represents as distinct a group as mar-
ginatus, and there are possibly several closely allied forms in-
cluded at present in our cabinets.

PEMPHUS Motsch.

The species of Pemphus are much less numerous than those of
Brennus, but inhabit the same faunal regions; they are, however,
more boreal, and do not extend to the southward further than the
northern parts of California. They are distinguished by the feeble
and subeffaced sculpture of the elytra, the latter being much
more depressed toward base, narrower and elongate form of body,
longer legs, and by the spinose and not pubescent inner lobe of
the maxilla. Owing to the relatively much more elongate ab-
domen of the female, the femora extend only to the tips of the
elytra in that sex; in the male they extend far beyond the elytra.

The three species before may be readily distinguished among
themselves as follows :—

Basal joint of the anterior tarsi in the male densely pubescent beneath almost:
throughout its entire extent; prothorax widest and broadly rounded at.
the sides far before the middle; sides of the elytra reflexed and with
coarse punctures.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 339

Prothorax not longer than wide, the sides distinctly sinuate near the base;
elytra red-brown with polished metallic green or cupreous side margins.
angusticollis Fisch.

Prothorax elongate, the sides feebly oblique toward base and less distinctly
sinuate; elytra deep black, generally with more obscure metallic margins.
velutinus Menét.

Basal joint of the anterior male tarsi densely pubescent beneath only in apical
half; prothorax widest and broadly angulate at the sides barely before the
middle; sides of the elytra not reflexed and obscurely sculptured, having
merely a minute elevated ed@e...............00..ceseseocececeeeere lomgipes n. sp.

In the first two species the reflexed side margins of the pro-
thorax are also occasionally feebly metallic greenish in lustre.

P. longipes.—Elongate, moderately ventricose; body above deep and
opaque black throughout, the legs and under surface shining and with an ex-
tremely faint violaceous lustre. Head very elongate, the vertex smooth; gen
thick, but little dilated, with a small angular notch heneath the eyes; neck
long, without trace of constriction; supra-orbital ridges fine behind, moderate
and subangulate above the antennze; eyes relatively rather small in size; an-
tennze very long, nearly ®4 as long as the body, slender, feebly thickened
toward base, the first joint thicker, elongate, feebly sigmoid, 2.7 mm. in
length, much shorter than the next two; third joint 2 mm. in length. Pro-
thorax distinctly longer than wide, moderately dilated anteriorly, the sides
feebly convergent and broadly, feebly arcuate from just before the middle to
the apex, more strongly oblique and nearly straight posteriorly to basal sixth,
there sinuate and thence parallel and straight to the base; angles right and
slightly blunt; base 24 the maximum width and scarcely as wide as the head;
disk almost flat, the impressions all extremely feeble; reflexed side margins
nearly as in velutinus. lytra, viewed perpendicularly, *¢ longer than wide,
3 times as long as the prothorax and 2%4 times as wide, widest near apical
third, the sides thence feebly and evenly arcuate to the base, the humeri
wholly undistinguishable, disk in profile vertical behind and slightly pro-
duced at tip, very feebly convex anteriorly, not striate but with minute sub-
obsolete punctures arranged serially, with three intervals on each a little more
pronounced as usual; margin nearly flat, more coarsely but unevenly punctate,
the punctures broadly impressed and with a single series of minute, widely
separated but strongly elevated granules; minute subvertical edge finer than
that of the prothorax. Length 20.0 mm.; width 8.8 mm; length of head to
extremity of mandibles 5.7 mm.; length of hind tibia 9.5 mm.

California (Humboldt Co.).

I obtained a single male of this species near the coast ; it was
at the time walking with rather slow straddling gait on the sur-
face of a decayed log. The sides of the elytra are very oblique
before posterior third, and there is scarcely a trace of the broadly
rounded humeri of angusticollis and velutinus.

340 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

CALOSOMA Weber.

The following species, apparently hitherto undescribed, have
been received from time to time from various sources.

C. marginalis n. sp.—Elongate and parallel, moderately convex, deep
black, without metallic lustre except in the narrow concave elytral margins,
which are violaceous ; surface shining as in lugubris. Head less than 144 as
wide as the prothorax, feebly rugose toward the eyes but not distinctly punc-
tate at any part ; epistomal impressions narrow but very deep ; antennz mod-
erate, the third joint fully 3 times as long asthe second. Prothorax trans-
verse, fully twice as wide as long, widest just behind the middle where the
sides are bluntly angulate, thence strongly convergent and evenly arcuate to
the apex and rather more convergent and straight to the base, meeting the
latter in an obtuse though very well marked angle, the immediate vertex of
which is prominent and acute ; base and apex equal in width, the former
broadly arcuate, feebly sinuate at each side, the middle much more advanced
posteriorly than the basal angles; disk rather feebly but evenly convex, broadly
impressed laterally toward base, the side margins defined merely by a thick re-
flexed bead ; median line fine but distinct ; surface smooth except a few fine
irregular creases and wholly impunctate. Llytra elongate, nearly twice as
' long as wide, 14 wider than the prothorax, only just visibly wider at apical
third ; side margins moderately wide, becoming very fine at the humeri ; sur-
face smooth, moderately convex, with equal and wholly unimpressed series of
extremely minute and subeffaced punctures, with a few scattered coarse punc-
tures toward base, the lateral margin rather strongly and somewhat distantly
punctate and with an entire series of minute elevated granules ; three dorsal
series effaced and barely traceable. Zegs moderate in length; deep black
throughout. Length 26.0 mm.; width 10.0 mm.

Arizona ?

The single male from the Levette cabinet, without locality
label, represents a species allied to lugubris, but differing in its
much narrower and more elongate form, violaceous elytral mar-
gins, relatively broader prothorax and absence of punctures on
the head. The anterior tarsi are rather strongly dilated, with
the first three joints densely pubescent beneath, and the hind
trochanters are simple.

C. spomsa n. sp.—Moderately stout, the head and prothorax very small
when compared with the elytra ; integuments deep black throughout, with-
out trace of metallic coloring at any part, the surface strongly shining and
very smooth. Hedd small though rather more than 14 as wide as the prothorax,
feebly rugulose, finely and sparsely punctulate, the epistomal impressions mod-
erate ; labrum transverse at apex, with a small rounded median notch near
which the surface is deeply impressed and finely pubescent, the setigerous

punctures coarse, 4 in number ; antennz rather short, less than 144 as long as

a ai

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 341

the body, the third joint about 3 times as long as the second. Prothorax
transverse, barely twice as wide as long, widest at the middle where the sides
are prominently rounded, thence moderately convergent and strongly arcuate
to the apex, oblique and straight to the base, the latter barely as wide as the
apex, broadly, feebly arcuate, deeply sinuate for a short distance near the
angles, which are right and posteriorly prominent, extending fully as far
backward as the median parts ; disk broadly, evenly and feebly convex, im-
pressed near the basal angles, the side margins defined by a thick reflexed
bead ; surface smooth and almost sculptureless, but becoming rapidly coarsely
and sparsely punctured at the sides, densely and more finely punctured in the
impressions ; median line fine and feeble. lytra oblong, scarcely more than
2¢ longer than wide, 5¢ wider than the prothorax, slightly wider at apical
third than at base, the side margins very narrowly reflexed ; surface moder-
ately convex, smooth, with wholly unimpressed equal series of extremely
minute punctures, which become slightly more evident and to some extent
transverse toward base, the three series on intervals 4, 8 and 12 composed of
very fine and widely spaced but quite distinct asperate punctules ; marginal
punctures only visible toward base, the submarginal series asperate and dis-
tinct throughout. Legs rather slender, black and non-metallic. Length
15.7 mm.; width 7.2 mm.

Utah.

The male type has the anterior tarsi quite moderately dilated,
the three basal joints pubescent beneath, the pubescent pad of the
first joint transversely oval and occupying less than apical third ;
the hind trochanters and intermediate tibiz are unmodified. This
species is to be plaved near peregrinator Guér. (carbonata Lec.),
but differs greatly in its small size, much smaller head and pro-
thorax, structure of the labrum and in many other details.

C. parviceps n. sp.—Rather stout, with relatively very small head and
prothorax, deep black and devoid of metallic reflection throughout, the in-
teguments rather shining. Head 34 as wide as the prothorax, evenly and
feebly convex, not rugose but finely, evenly and rather closely punctured,
becoming smooth at apex where the lateral impressions are narrow and very
deep; labrum dilated and rounded at the sides, transverse at apex, with a
broad and very shallow median sinuation, the surface transversely impressed;
antenne short and rather stout, only slightly longer than the head and pro-
thorax, the third joint fully 3 times as long as the second. Prothorax moder-
ately transverse, about #5 wider than long, widest at the middle where the
sides are obtusely and somewhat bluntly angulate, thence very moderately
convergent and broadly, evenly arcuate to the apex, oblique and straight be-
hind, becoming slightly sinuate near the base, the latter rather narrower than
the apex and somewhat as in the preceding species; disk broadly and very
feebly convex, polished, feebly wrinkled, finely and rather sparsely punctate,
the punctures becoming coarser and subcoalescent at the sides, more numerous
in the impressions near the basal angles; side margins defined by a rather thin,

342 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

strongly reflexed bead; median line fine and very feeble. Elytra oblong,
scarcely more than 14 longer than wide, fully twice as wide as the prothorax,
only slightly wider at apical third than at base, the sides very feebly arcuate
and very narrowly reflexed; disk moderately convex, with scarcely impressed
even series of extremely fine punctures, which become stronger toward base,
the intervals there becoming transversely broken by arcuate impressed lines.
as in peregrinator, the three series of interstitial asperate punctules very feeble;.
marginal punctures visible only toward base, the submarginal asperate punc-
tures rather widely separated and uneven. Legs moderate in length and quite
slender. Length 16.5 mm.; width 7.5 mm.

Arizona.

The anterior tarsi of the male have the first three joints rather
feebly dilated and densely pubescent beneath, the pad of the first
joint small and apical; the hind trochanters and intermediate legs.
are not modified. Parviceps also belongs near peregrinator, and
greatly resembles the preceding species at first glance; it how- —
ever differs in sculpture, structure of the labrum, in its much
deeper epistomal impressions, less transverse prothorax with less.
rounded side angles, shorter and broader elytra and in several
other minor characters.

C. monticola n. sp —Ovoidal, moderately stout, rather feebly convex,
deep black throughout, without metallic lustre at any part, the surface
polished, the elytra becoming somewhat alutaceous laterally and toward apex.
Head well developed, a little more than 14 as wide as the prothorax, convex,
minutely and sparsely punctate, rugose laterally behind the epistomal impres-
sions, which are narrow and deep; labrum impressed in the middle, the apex
angularly but feebly emarginate throughout the width; antennee rather short,
the outer joints glabrous on the compressed sides. Prothorax transverse, not
quite twice as wide as long, widest near apical third, the sides evenly arcuate
anteriorly, becoming more convergent and nearly straight behind, the basal
angles rounded and prominent posteriorly; base transverse and slightly nar-
rower than the apex; disk very feebly convex, broadly impressed sublaterally
toward base, the sides rather narrowly explanato-reflexed, the marginal bead
rather thin and strongly reflexed; surface minutely, sparsely punctate, the
punctures becoming rapidly larger and transversely coalescent or rugose toward
the sides; median line very fine. lytra oval, scarcely 4 longer than wide,
%¢ wider than the prothorax, wider behind the middle than at base, the sides
rather strongly arcuate; disk very moderately convex, with impunctate striz
which become gradually strongly impressed toward the sides, but almost com-
pletely effaced toward the suture, the intervals convex laterally, frequently
interrupted by transverse arcuate lines enclosing asperate tubercles, both
becoming very pronounced toward the sides and apex but wholly obsolete
toward the suture, where the intervals are flat and entire; three interstitial
series traceable by fine but slightly more pronounced and remotely separated

x Sg
* t
r.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 3438

asperate granules. Legs rather short and slender. Length 16.0 mm.; width
7.8 mm.

Nevada (Reno).

Related rather closely to Juxata, but differing in the very un-
equal elytral sculpture, less punctured head and other characters.
It belongs to the subgenus Callisthenes of Fischer.

C. arcuiata n. sp.—Stout, deep black throughout, without metallic reflec-
tion at any part except a feeble trace of bluish lustre in the reflexed elytral mar-
gins. Head moderate in size, finely, sparsely punctate except anteriorly, and
feebly rugose, especially toward the sides, the median parts of the front at a
short distance behind the apical margin slightly tumid, a small median im-
pression between the tumidity and apex quite distinct ; epistomal impressions
deep ; labrum subtruncate at apex, with a feeble sinuation at the middle, the
edge thence toward each side also feebly sinuate, the dorsal impression coarsely
hairy ; mandibles stout, striato-rugose, punctulate, the apex very acute and
much produced internally ; antennz short, barely as long as the head and pro-
thorax, the compressed sides of the outer joints only glabrous toward base.
Prothorax large, transverse, not quite twice as wide as long, widest slightly before
the middle, the sides evenly arcuate anteriorly, becoming slightly less so be-
hind the middle to the basal angles, which are broadly arcuate posteriorly and
only slightly produced backward, the base transverse ; apex broadly, angularly
emarginate, with a coarse flattened bead ; disk broadly and moderately con-
vex, broadly explanato-reflexed and broadly impressed toward the basal angles,
the marginal bead narrow and strongly reflexed ; surface confusedly creased,
minutely and densely punctulate, also finely punctured near apex and base and
more coarsely toward the sides, densely in the impressions ; median line very
fine. Elytra oval, scarcely 14 longer than wide, not more than 14 wider than
the prothorax and but little more than 244 times as long; sides strongly,
evenly arcuate, the margins rather narrowly, but strongly reflexed and con-
fusedly punctate throughout ; disk very strongly convex, with extremely mi-
nutely punctulate series which are feebly impressed toward apex, wholly unim-
pressed elsewhere except 3, 4, 7, 8, 11 and 12, which are somewhat impressed
throughout ; flanks becoming feebly punctulate toward the marginal concav-
ity ; the entire surface is also feebly, transversely and unevenly creased in a
scratch-like manner ; three interstitial series not traceable. Legs rather short.
Length 18.5 mm. ; width 8.5 mm.

Arizona.
This distinct species of the subgenus Callisthenes is to be com- |
pared only with latzpennis of Horn, but differs in the female, the
only sex of either known to me, in its shorter and stouter form,
- with much larger prothorax, which is broadly explanate and re- '
flexed toward the basal angles, the latter being much more broadly
arcuate, in its very much more convex elytra with more arcuate
sides and more confused marginal punctuation, relatively larger
head, and in numerous other features.

344 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

In latipennis, the sides of the prothorax are parallel and quite
evenly arcuate throughout, and the edges of the elytra behind
the humeri are said to have a few serrations, of which there is no
trace in arcuata; at the same time, however, there is no trace of
them discoverable in the single specimen before me from Tulare
Co., California, which I have assumed to represent latipennis.

Norers. — Of calida, a species of extended distribution, I
have before me specimens which seem to represent rather well de-
fined subspecies. One of these, from Lake Superior, which I
have called stellata, is similar,in form to the typical calida, but
has the elytral strize quite feeble, with the greenish-golden spots
very large and brillant and more approximate than in the normal
forms. Another, from Keokuk, Iowa, which may be named ex-
pansa, has the prothorax very large, with the sides very broadly
reflexo-explanate and distinctly greenish-metallic in lustre; the
elytra in the male are only a fourth wider than the prothorax, but
quite similar in every other respect to those of the normal forms,
except that the coppery spots are smaller. A third, from Las
Vegas, New Mexico, which may be denominated laticollis, has
the body larger, broader and less convex than in the normal
forms, the elytra more parallel and only just visibly wider behind
the middle than at base; the antenne are deep black throughout,
and do not become pale toward apex as in the usual forms, and
the coppery spots of the elytra are obscure.

In a similar manner with regard to say, I have taken specimens
at the electric lights in Norfolk, Va., which represent quite a
marked subspecies; it is narrower, with the middle tibiz of the
male less bent and the pubescent pad of the first tarsal joint en-
tire; in the larger western forms of sayz, this pad is divided
along the median line by a glabrous area. This subspecies may
be called virginica.

A female specimen from Indiana appears to form a subspecies
of frigida, which may be named levettei. It is similar in form
and sculpture to the normal forms, but is a little more elongate,
with a smaller and less transverse prothorax, which has no trace
of the concave lateral margin of frigida, the surface being even in
curvature to the reflexed marginal bead; the disk is distinctly
less than twice as wide as long. In the typical forms the surface
of the elytra has a feeble violaceous lustre, but in leveftez the en-
tire surface is deep black.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 345

A subspecies of obsoleta, represented before me by two males
‘from Fort Wingate, New Mexico, and from an unrecorded locality
in Kansas, may be named microsticta; it is nearly similar in
form and size to obsoleta, but has the elytra still shorter and
broader, with the strize less impressed, the transverse lines feebler
and more approximate, with the punctures at the points of junc-
ture with the strize more pronounced; there are three well marked
series of distinct though small, distant, steel-blue or violet foveolz
oneach elytron. In the form and sculpture of the head and pro-
thorax it is similar to obsoleta, but in the latter the foveole of the
elytra are all but obsolete.

Pimeliodes Walk, zimmermanni Lec. and striatula Lec., are
distinct species and should not be considered subspecies of luxata.
The first differs from the second in its larger size, broader form,
more pronounced elytral tubercles and much finer and closer
punctuation of the head and pronotum; as shown by a good
series these characters are perfectly constant. The third differs
from either of the others in its deeper striz, more irregularly
interrupted intervals and less pronounced tubercles ; the sculp-
ture of the head and pronotum are nearly as in zammermanni.

ELAPHRUWS Latr.

The following species is allied rather closely to levigatus, and
represents it in the middle coast regions of California.

E. politus n. sp.—Moderately narrow, convex, black and highly pol-
ished throughout, the legs dark rufo-piceous; head with but feeble traces of
metallic lustre at any part; depression near the basal angles of the prothorax
greenish, the foveole of the elytra with a green or violaceous metallic reflec-
tion. Head scarcely as wide as the prothorax, nearly smooth on the convexi-
ties, finely punctate in the small depressions, of which there are two arranged
longitudinally on the median line of the vertex, one, punctiform, at each side
of the neck near the eye, and the usual feeble two on the front; vertex sepa-
rated from the neck by a sensible transverse impression; labrum impressed
along the median line; antennze moderate. Prothorax slightly wider than
long, the sides strongly rounded, constricted before the base, the sides thence
divergent and straight to the basal angles, which are right and not in the least
blunt; base broadly, evenly arcuate; disk convex, smooth, impunctate except
in the sublateral basal depression; sublateral pit before the middle feeble,
slightly punctate; impressed median line short between the vague transverse
angular impressions, which also have a few scattered punctures; under surface
minutely and densely punctured on the propleurz, the hypomera impunctate.
Elytra % longer than wide, nearly twice as wide as the prothorax, slightly

346 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

widest behind the middle, smooth and impunctate, the foveole nearly as in
levigatus but smaller, feebler and less perfectly defined. Legs moderate in
length, the femora somewhat metallic greenish, the anterior tibise and tarsi
violaceous; first four joints of the anterior male tarsi feebly dilated. Length
6.5-6.8 mm. ; width 2.8-3.0 mm.

California (San Francisco).

The three specimens, which I took in the suburbs of the city,
represent a species which is smaller than levigatus,and which dif-
fers besides in its smaller head, feebler pronotal impressions with
shorter median line, and still finer and very much denser punctu-
ation of the propleure.

PROMECOGNATHUS Chaud.

The body in this genus is very smooth, highly polished and
impunctate, even the elytral striz being wholly obliterated.
There are two supra-orbital sete, and usually two anterior and
one basal seta at each side of the pronotum. Of the two de-
scribed species, crassus has the elytra much shorter and
broader than lzevissimus, and is a stouter insect in all its propor-
tions ; the following is almost as much more slender than lxvissi-
mus, as the latter is narrower than crassus.

P. debilis n. sp.—Slender, moderately convex, very highly polished and
sculptureless, dark piceous-brown in color throughout. Head nearly as in
levissimus, except the mandibles which are shorter, the left much less pro-
longed inwardly and less aciculate at apex. Prothorax fully 4 longer than
wide and much narrower than in /exvissimus, widest near apical third, the sides
evenly rounded, gradually convergent posteriorly, sinuate near the base, the
sides thence straight and parallel to the basal angles, which are slightly obtuse
but not in the least blunt and feebly reflexed dorsally, the impression of the
surface being quite deep. lytra evenly elliptical, 34 longer than wide, %
wider than the prothorax and less than twiceas long ; sides broadly and evenly
arcuate. Length 9.0 mm.; width 2.8 mm.

California (Sta. Cruz).

There are no well marked structural characters to distinguish
this species from either of the other two, but on comparing the
type with a very large series of /evissimus, its distinctness seems
to be apparent at once. It is only because of the completeness
of this series and the absence of any approach to the present
form, even in its smallest components, that I have deemed it ad-
visable to found a species upon the unique individual taken by
myself about ten years ago. The type bears no special evidences
of immaturity other than its paler color.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. B47

DIPLOCHILA Brull.

The species of Diplochila are quite limited in number and
closely resemble each other in external characters. The labrum
is deeply sinuate at the middle of the apex, with the surface
convex and unimpressed, the left mandible acute, the right
broadly truncate in a line which is longitudinal when the mandi-
bles are closed. The first three tarsal joints of the male are
somewhat excentrically dilated, and are coarsely and uniformly
squamulose beneath. The anti known to me may be thus
identified :—

Hind angles of the prothorax well defined.

Prothorax but slightly narrower at apex than at base; outer striz of the
elytra generally somewhat distinct; head larger, much more than 44 as
wide as the prothorax.

Elytra black throughout; apical angles of the prothorax more feebly
deflexed and well rounded....................2ceeeeees impressicollis Dej.
Elytra black, the intervals alternately dark rufo-testaceous in color;
apical angles of the prothorax strongly deflexed and narrowly rounded.
altermans 0D. sp.

Prothorax much narrower at apex than at base, the marginal bead at apex
much less broadly reflexed and the head smaller, generally about 14 as
wide as the prothorax or less; outer strize of the elytra more or less
completely obliterated.

Prothorax widest at the middle.................ccscececescocsescsees cliems n. sp.
Prothorax widest well behind the middle.
Larger species, the apical thoracic angles well rounded.
laticollis Lec.
Small, the apical angles right and only slightly blunt; surface more

DOLSH EME Msasce cee cies tes cakconcenes cue tey eseeean au ates ec eses MUpera nz. sp.
Hind angles of the prothorax obtuse mal ill-defined; outer strize of the elytra
MECD LEM setae ioseec suas iescedeeatcsenmerecton ce ouaasndendcuieteraubuenseantantdeentty obtusa Lec.

The new species referred to in the table are described below.

D. altermnans.—Moderately stout and convex, black, the elytral inter-
vals 2, 5 and 7 rufous; head polished, the remainder feebly alutaceous in
lustre. Head convex, nearly 74 as wide as the prothorax, the eyes rather
prominent and the neck but slightly constricted; frontal impressions rather
pronounced; mandibles feebly punctulate toward tip; palpi piceous, the apices
of the joints pale. Prothorax nearly 35 wider than long, widest at or just
before the middle, the sides almost evenly arcuate; basal angles more than
right but not rounded; disk very feebly convex, more strongly as usual
toward the apical angles, flattened toward the basal angles, the inner impres-
sion pronounced, the outer extremely feeble; median line fine but distinct;
surface wholly impunctate. Elytra %5 longer than wide, 1s wider than the

Se Oe

348 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

prothorax and more than 3 times as long; sides parallel and very feebly
arcuate; apex obtuse, with very feeble sinuation; strize pronounced through-
out the width, feebly punctulate, the intervals perceptibly convex. Under
surface and legs deep black and polished throughout. Length 14.5 mm.;
width 6.0 mm.

Lake Superior (Bayfield).

The smaller size of the body, still more distinct outer striz, and
wider basal angles of the prothorax, will readily distinguish this
species from 7mpressicollis, in addition to the characters of the
table.

D. cliens.—Rather stout and quite convex, deep black throughout, the
upper surface somewhat strongly shining, the head polished. Head moderate in
size, not distinctly more than 4% as wide as the prothorax, convex, the eyes
moderately prominent and the neck scarcely constricted ; frontal impressions
rather shallow; mandibles extremely minutely and remotely punctulate toward
tip ; palpi slender, piceous, the apices of the joints paler ; antennz slender,
but slightly longer than the head and prothorax, the basal joint but slightly
thicker. Prothorax 35 wider than long, widest at the middle where the sides
are rather broadly rounded, thence feebly convergent and straight to the basal
angles, which are slightly more than right ; apex °4 as wide as the base ; sur-
face broadly convex, flattened and broadly depressed toward the basal angles,
the impression rather feeble ; median line fine. Elytra barely % longer than
wide, fully *¢ wider than the prothorax and barely 3 times as long ; sides par-
allel and distinctly arcuate ; striz subobliterated toward the sides, rather deep
toward the suture, not evidently punctulate. Length 15.0 mm.; width 6.5mm.

Kansas.

Allied somewhat to laticollis but more convex, and with more
oval and convex and much less alutaceous elytra, less prominent
eyes and less obliterated sublateral strieze of the elytra; it is de-
scribed from the female. JLaticollis occurs at Austin, Texas, in
its normal form.

D. nupera.—Moderately stout and convex, deep black and strongly shin-
ing throughout. Head small, orbicular, convex and highly polished, the eyes
moderate in size and prominence ; frontal impressions rather shallow ; palpi
blackish-piceous, the last joint gradually pale in apical half ; antennz short
and slender. Prothorax more than 4g wider than long, widest behind the mid-
dle, the sides broadly arcuate, only very feebly convergent and feebly sinuate
toward the basal angles, which are more than right and not at all blunt, con-
verging and broadly arcuate anteriorly ; apex scarcely more than 24 as wide as
the base ; surface broadly and moderately convex, flat toward the basal angles,
the impression deep and longitudinally sulciform ; median line fine. Elytra
scarcely 2¢ longer than wide, about 1g wider than the prothorax and scarcely
3 times as long ; sides parallel and feebly arcuate ; apex rather acute, the sin-

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 349

* uation scarcely traceable ; surface quite strongly convex, the first four strize
distinct, feebly punctulate, hecoming deep near the suture, the remaining
strize obsolete, the fifth only traceable toward base. Under surface alutaceous,
the legs rather short and slender. Length 9.6 mm.; width 4.2 mm.

Florida (Lake Worth).

The single female representing this species, by far the smallest
of the genus, was recently taken and very kindly placed in my
cabinet by Mr. F. Kinzel, of Palm Beach.

CALATHUS Bon.
The following species belongs to the gregarius division, in the
neighborhood of obscwrus and behrenst.

C. guadalupensis n. sp.—Rather stout, elongate-oval, somewhat con-
vex, dark rufo-testaceous in color, the elytra generally a little darker ; head
and pronotum moderately shining, the elytra opaque and lustreless, the mi-
nute reticulations strongly marked. Head longer than wide, evenly convex,
feebly constricted at base, the eyes moderately convex ; antennz slender,
scarcely 14 as long as the body, the basal joint distinctly shorter than 3-6.
Prothoraxz scarcely 14 wider than long, the sides almost evenly and moderately
arcuate, more convergent near the apex, just visibly narrower at base than be-
hind the middle ; apex between *4 and %4 as wide as the base, broadly sinuate ;
disk feebly convex, rather broadly flattened toward the basal angles, the mar-
gins gradually less broadly reflexed thence to the apex ; basal angles rounded ;
subbasal impressions very feeble ; median line very fine, obliterated toward
base and apex. Elytra oval, moderately convex, rather less than 14 longer
than wide, nearly 14 wider than the prothorax and 27 times as long; sides
broadly and evenly arcuate; strize very fine and feeble, obsolescent toward the
sides, the intervals broad and perfectly flat; three punctures of the third inter-
val distinct and near the third stria. Under surface shining, the legs rather
long and slender. Length 11.5-12.0 mm.; width 4.7-5.0 mm.

Guadalupe Island.

This species differs from behrenst and obscurus in its much
larger size, and, from the former, also in the very much smaller
and feebler punctures of the eighth stria. It is represented in my
cabinet by a very homogeneous series of six examples,

GALERITA Fabr. F

There are before me two examples which seem to represent
species not hitherto described. The members of this genus very
closely resemble each other both in form and color, but there are
certain constant differences in the vestiture, form of the head and
color of the legs, which serve amply for identification. The fol-
lowing form is closely allied to anus :—

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Sci., IX, March, 1897.—24.

350 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

G. thoracica n. sp.—Rather stouter than janus, but similar in color
and vestiture. Head much longer than wide, broadly subtruncate and rounded
at base, the sides becoming nearly parallel behind the eyes; antennz long and
rather thick, the basal joints unusually long. Prothoraw large, a little longer
than wide, similar in form to that of janus but more finely and densely punc-
tate and pubescent. lytra black with scarcely a trace of violaceous reflection,
dull, 34 longer than wide, slightly more than twice as wide as the prothorax
and about three times as long; outline and sculpture nearly as in janus, the
pubescence a little denser. Under surface blackish, the prosternum, pro-
pleurz and legs pale throughout. Length 21.0 mm.; width 7.0 mm.

Florida.

Differs from janus in its larger size, and especially in its much
larger and more finely and closely sculptured prothorax. The
joints of the antennz are relatively more elongate, and the first
is less narrowed at base and less clavate.

G. infirma n. sp.—Color as in californica, the body smaller and less
elongate. Head but slightly elongate, similar at base, in sculpture and in the
large rufous central spot to californica; antennz but slightly more than 4g as
long as the body. Prothorax relatively small, but slightly wider than the
head, somewhat longer than wide, nearly similar to that of californica, but
with the sides more reflexed toward apex and less convergent and more feebly
sinuate toward base. E/lytra unusually short, 44 longer than wide, 2%¢ times
as wide as the prothorax and only 3 times as long, distinctly wider behind the
middle than at base; strize quite coarse and somewhat impressed; punctures
fine and close-set. Length 14.0 mm.; width 5.0 mm.

Arizona(Yuma). Mr. Dunn.

Allied to californica, but differing very much in its shorter,
more coarsely striate elytra and smaller prothorax. The pubes-
cence is in great part rubbed off from the basal and sutural parts
of the elytra, but that which remains does not seem to be erect
as it is in californica and lecontet, which last appear to be
mutually different. This is much the smallest species of the
genus within our territorial limits, as thoracica is the largest.

There are before me two well marked geographic subspecies of
bicolor; the first, which may be called obliqua, being larger and
stouter than the normal forms, though nearly similar in other re-
spects, except that the prothorax is narrowed anteriorly from a
point more posterior; it occurs in the extreme southern parts
of Florida, the specimens in my cabinet being from Lake Worth.
The second is represented by an example somewhat smaller than
the typical forms, with relatively shorter elytra and more ab-
breviated prothorax, the latter not longer than wide, and the head

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 351

is less narrowed behind the eyes, with the tempora more rounded ;
it occurs in Iowa and may be named intermedia.

SCYDM ANID.

There is undoubtedly a strong resemblance in habitus between
the Scydmznide and Pselaphide, but whether this similarity in-
dicates a real affinity due to community of descent, or has been
gradually brought about in widely diverging descent-stems by
reason of common habits and environments, may be a debatable
point. The principal reasons for believing that the latter may be
the case, are the entire or subentire elytra, and the purely and
exceedingly constant pentamerous tarsi in the most widely di-
vergent forms, both of these characters being completely foreign
to the Pselaphide. The truth is probably, that the Scydmeenidee
have developed from staphylinid architypes, but along lines
widely diverging from the Pselaphide. The abdominal sutures
are straight, as a rule, in the Scydmenidez and arcuate in the
Pselaphide, but in the tribe Eumicrini, which is distinguished
from all other scydmzenids by a large vertical pygidium and
pselaphidous hind trochanters, the abdomen cannot be distin-
guished from that of a purely typical pselaphid, the sutures be-
ing strongly arcuate.

It is not necessary to dwell at length upon the general ana-
tomical characters of the exoskeleton, as most of these will be
brought out in the tables given below, but it may be proper to
point out some of those which seem to be either peculiar to the
Scydmeenide, or prominent features of this family. The head is
borne on a constricted neck, except in the Cephenniini, which con-
stitute for this reason a very isolated tribe. In two cases,
Chevrolatia and Lophioderus, the neck is not abruptly con-
stricted, but is elongated and deeply excavated upon its dorsal
surface. The eyes are present in every species known to our
fauna, except Cephennium anophthalmicum; they are usually
rather finely faceted. The occurrence of fovez on the vertex is
very rare in comparison with the Pselaphide, but when present
they are usually of generic import, as for example in Veraphis,
this genus being otherwise proved distinct from Eutheia by the
strong carination of the mesosternum. The mandibles are gen-
erally small, but in the European Leptomastax, become remark-

iid cee Li
: es

352 Coleopterological Notices, VILL.

ably developed, and, in that genus, the labrum, which is small
and transverse as a rule, also becomes enormously large. The
variations of the antenne and palpi are explained in the tables of
tribes and genera. .

The prothorax is an important somite in classification, especi-
ally the circular impressed foveze which are generally visible near
the basal margin, and the relative extent of the prosternum before
the cox. The form of the elytral apices, impressions at the base
of the elytra, form of the pygidium, and form and degree of sepa-
ration of the hind coxe, are all useful taxonomic elements, but
varying in importance in different tribes. The degree of separa-
tion of the coxe is, for example, much more unstable in the Eu-
connini than in the Scydmeenini, the latter tribe having, as one of
its most persistent characters, the subcontiguous cox, with a
constant narrowly cleft metasternal prolongation. The elytra
never have a trace of epipleurz, and this may be considered an
additional bond of affinity with the Pselaphide.

The side-pieces of the metasternum are rarely exposed in the
Scydmeenine, but are always distinct in the Clidicinz, where also
the hind coxe have an entirely different form. The mesosternum
is generally more or less carinate, but becomes perfectly flat in
some genera, such as Eutheia. Its parapleure are peculiarly
modified in the Scydmezenine, but in so constant a manner that
but little use can generally be made of them in classification.
The middle coxe are entirely closed by the sterna, the mes-epi-
sternum being tumid and setose and elevated above the surface
of the metasternum behind it, the epimeron, when present, forming
the obliquely sloping connecting piece, except in the remarkable
genus Ceramphis, where the conical prothorax seems to abut
directly upon the smooth and very extended metasternum.

The legs are generally rather short, the femora always more or
less clavate, the tibiz simple and without terminal spurs, the ante-
rior frequently flattened within toward apex and densely clothed on
the modified surface with short stout spinuliform vestiture, this
being a highly developed feature in the Euconnini, but so con-
stant and fixed that it affords no variations of tangible weight in
classification. The claws are small, slender, divergent and sim-
ple.

The taxonomic value of the maxillary palpi of course varies
greatly in different groups of Coleoptera. In the Aleocharini of

Coleopterolugical Notices, VII. 3538

the Staphylinide, a very extensive group, with structures varied
in almost every direction to an extraordinary degree, it has an
extremely fixed and constant form, while in the Omalini, the most

radical differences only serve for generic division, and, in extreme

cases of development such as Lesteva, they vary much from species
to species, in the two sexes, or even to some extent individually.
In the Pselaphide, palpal structure is also of subordinate value,
as it may vary greatly within nearly all the tribes, but in the
Scydmeenide, the structure of this organ is of great importance
because of its constancy throughout groups of genera and species,
which it is evident, for other reasons, ought to be associated to-
gether. Any decided divergence in the palpal structure is held
in this revision to have tribal weight, and is always accompanied
by other important peculiarities of structure.

Another character of vastly more importance in the present
family than in many other groups of the Coleoptera, and one
which has been singularly overlooked thus far, is the scutellum.
Even when very minute this sclerite displays an astonishing con-
stancy throughout the various genera possessing it, and, in one
case, its complete absence forms an important tribal element. It
would be as remarkable an exception for any scydmenid having
the fourth palpal joint subulate, the neck narrow and the eyes an-
terior in position, to present the slightest vestige of a scutellum,
as it would for a harpalid beetle to exhibit a claviform anten-
na. The scutellum has been made use of extensively in the
following memoir, and will be found to be a character of consid-
erable value.

The Scydmenide form an extensive family, but the species are
so small in size as a rule,and live so concealed a life, that they
are seldom collected in numbers, and, with the exception of some
six or eight species, they appear besides to be either. individually
rare or local in habitat. That they are very numerous in species,
is proved by the collecting of Mr. P. Jerome Schmitt about his
home in the mountains of Pennsylvania, where, in a single isolated
region, and that not one of the best, he has succeeded in bringing
to light about 37 distinct species, belonging to some 11 genera.
All of these were placed in my hands and have given a substan-
tial advance to our knowledge of these minute animals.

The Scydmenide are resolvably into two subfamilies by the
following characters :—

= * A
ee
va
’ . : *
a ™

354 Coleopterological Notices, V1TI.

Antenne generally distinctly clavate, usually geniculate, but with the basal
joint short or moderate in length; posterior coxz always transverse or
transversely oval; metasternum large, the abdomen short; elytra never
striato-punctate; scutellum visible or not; fourth joint of the maxillary
palpi invariably Smale cece scene. ceeeees-n neem at ecces seas ace sae neees ScYDM NIN

Antenne generally filiform or gradually enlarged toward tip, but without a
distinct club, strongly geniculate, with the basal joint greatly elongated;.

posterior coxee small, globular, with a subconic and truncate prolonga-

tion, widely separated; metasternum short, the abdomen elongate; elytra.
striato-punctate except in Mastigini, and always entire; scutellum com-
pletely obsolete; fourth palpal joint more variable in size...... CLIDICINA:

These subfamilies are both represented within the limits of the
United States, but are exceedingly unequal in numerical impor-
tance, the first being abundant in genera and species, while the
second is represented by a few rare forms in the desert regions.
of the extreme southwest. The Clidicine are much better repre-
sented in Hurope by three remarkable genera.

Brathinus, which was attached to the Scydmenidez by LeConte,.
is a staphylinid, belonging to the tribe Omalini, in the vicinity
of Lesteva; it cannot, therefore, be included in the table given
above.

ScYDMANIN&.

This subfamily, which comprises within its limits all but one of
the described species of the United States, may be conveniently
separated into ten tribes by the characters which follow :—

Fourth joint of the maxillary palpi finely aciculate, subulate and oblique;
antennz widely separated at base.
Prosternum short and deeply sinuate before the coxee; hind coxe generally
attaining the sides of the body.
Head borne on a long, moderately constricted and deeply sculptured.
neck; scutellum present, though very minute............. LOPHIODERINI
Head borne on a neck which is short and abruptly constricted.

Neck narrow; eyes anterior in position, more median in Smicrophus ;.
scutellum completely wanting; hind cox usually distinctly sepa-
rated but varying greatly in this respect...............-..+.. EUCONNINI

Neck wide; eyes basal or subbasal in position; scutellum always pres-
ent; prothorax generally cordiform; hind coxze constantly very ap-
PLOMA MALE) DUt MOb COMLIGUOUS:-.. 4. .-pcaseee-eeeece se ee seseees SCYDMZNINI

Prosternum rather long and pubescent before the coxee; neck somewhat.
wide, abruptly constricted; eyes and scutellum variable; prothorax ob-
oval; hind coxze attaining the sides of the body, or very nearly; species.
All Very MIM ULES sce jee los sce soe als ss <.csie cone meee het eee emcee OPRESINI

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 355

Fourth joint of the maxillary palpi obtuse, obscure or fused rigidly to or
within the apex of the third, varying greatly in form, never acuminate
or subulate, always spongiose in structure and sometimes wanting.

Hind coxze transverse, extending to the sides of the body, rather widely
separated ; antennze widely separated at base.

Head deeply inserted and strongly deflexed, the neck invisible; eyes
basal, frequently wanting; elytra entire or subentire, more or less
rounded at tip; prosternum very short and deeply emarginate before
the coxe; scutellum large and distinct.....................00. CEPHENNIINI

Head exserted and but feebly inclined, the neck exposed and constricted;

eyes subbasal; third palpal joint smaller and more coarsely pubes-
cent.

Third palpal joint stouter, oval, obliquely truncate at tip, the trunca-
ture oval and spongiose, the fourth wanting; prosternum short and
deeply emarginate before the coxee....................:000.800- ASCYDMINI

Third joint subobconic, the fourth minute and indistinct at its apex;
prosternum rather long and well developed before the coxze.

EUTHEIINI

Hind coxe oval, not extending to the sides of the body; prosternum

always long and well developed before the coxee; antenne very ap-

proximately inserted at the apex of the front; neck strongly con-
stricted.

The front prolonged and rounded in the form of a broad tubercle; an-
tennal cavities separated by a thin partition which does not extend
to the apex of the tubercle; metasternal side-pieces concealed but
visible behind, where they extend inward and partially enclose the
cox, the latter remotely separated; elytra truncate, exposing a
feebly declivous dorsal pygidium ; third palpal joint stout, oval,
obliquely truncate at tip, the truncature feebly convex and spongy;
hind trochanters normal ..................--0-cseeeseceeeneeors CHEVROLATIINI

The front truncate and not prolonged; fourth palpal joint small, ob-

tuse and rounded, inserted axially within the apex of the third
which is elongate; pygidium vertical or greatly inclined, the ventral
segments arcuate, at least toward apex.

Posterior trochanters normal and small; antennal cavities large and
completely coalescent under the thinned and horizontal apical sur-
face of the front; metasternal side-pieces very narrow and con-
cealed by the elytra, but projecting inwardly behind to meet the
GORE Se ns nboosooodnonabohonnbcDbodadoobucboootededaadseEseonaoceNeee LEPTOSCY DMINI

Posterior trochanters elongate; antennal cavities separated by a narrow
partition, which extends to, and forms part of, the apical declivity
Oi WOE TOM rcscooccoomnsocosasnacos ogocecHoooNeSoSanueNdecHCoadooGnG oF EUMICRINI

Of these tribes, the Ascydmini, Eutheiini, Chevrolatiini and
Leptoscydmini have not as yet occurred upon the Pacific coast,
and the Eumicrini are only represented there by a single extra-
ordinary form in the extreme south, which does not properly form

356 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

part of the Pacific coast fauna; the Opresini are probably repre-
sented in those regions by Scydmeznus ovithorax Bndl.

LOPHIODERINI.

The very elongate neck, with peculiar dorsal sculpture, indi-
cates a marked isolation of Lophioderus from any other type of
Scydmeenide, and in fact renders it as aberrant among the tribes
with subulate fourth palpal joint, or Scydmznide subulipalpi, as
Chevrolatia is among those having that joint rigidly fused to the
third ; it should therefore constitute a distinct tribal group.

LOPHIODERUS n. gen.

The head in this genus is porrect and greatly exserted, borne
upon a long, moderately constricted neck, which is carinate and
biexcavate upon its dorsal surface, the eyes median in position,
and the antennz widely separated and strongly modified in struc-
ture in the male. The maxillary palpi are of the usual type pre-
vailing in the large tribes Huconnini and Scydmeenini, the fourth
joint being distinct, subulate, finely acuminate and inserted ob-
liquely in the hollowed apex of the third joint. The mandibles
are unusually small, and appear to be hidden when closed under
the large declivous and conical clypeus. The prothorax is more
elongate than usual in this family, carinate at the sides pos-
teriorly and impressed transversely near the base, but without
submedian fovee, the prosternum deeply emarginate and quite
short before the cox, with an oval pubescent foveiform excava-
tion before each.* Thescutellum is present between the bases of
the elytra, but is extremely small and somewhat elongate in form.
The elytra are entire, conjointly rounded at apex and are of the
usual structure and pronounced convexity prevailing in the Hucon-
nini.

The metasternal side-pieces are entirely covered by the elytra,
the hind coxee very wide, extending to the sides of the body and
completely contiguous, the posterior edge of the metasternum

* The fact that this abbreviation of the prosternum before the coxee is as evi-
dent in the present type, with elongated prothorax, as is the large develop-
ment of this part in forms like Eutheia, with short and broad prothorax, shows
that the relative development of the prosternum before the coxe is a really im-
portant tribal character, and is not due directly to the mere greater or less
elongation of the prothorax.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 357

having a very minute circular emargination at the middle, which
is evidently a remnant of the deep fissure observable in the nar-
row produced intercoxal process in Scydmeenini. The middle
cox are contiguous, with the acetabula apparently confluent and
bordered along their entire posterior edge with short dense pale
and scale-like pubescence. ‘The abdomen is normal and the dor-
sal pygidium not exposed. Legs generally well developed, slen-
der, with the femora noticeably clavate and the hind tarsi slender,
the four basal joints decreasing more or less rapidly in length.

The four species represented before me may be separated as
follows :—

Body uniformly testaceous or ferruginous in color.

Larger, the transverse impression of the pronotum narrowly but completely
' interrupted at the middle.

Prothorax feebly constricted at the sides near the base; male antennze
without an excavated arc, the fifth joint short but much wider than the
OLMCTS Mere ean ree nema cal nent ten eu aneae duce subAsuie seauestecmeecsica ces 1 biformis
Prothorax parallel and not constricted near the base, the male antennze
with a deep and regular arcuate excavation internally involving joints
POMMMCOPSEX ee ae nneiriean demarcate atone seosde sen ccesaestdsatecsoosenesben 2 arcifer
Smaller and more slender, the transverse impression more broadly but
feebly and incompletely interrupted at the middle................ 3 gracilis
Body black, the elytra rufo-testaceous; transverse impression of the pronotum
MOtAb all IM terEUpPLeds vcuresace seas ss seeg case <moesasecmawslisorsedeessvceswiee 4 myops

In geographical range the genus Lophioderus is confined, as far
as known, to the Pacific coast line, from the vicinity of Monterey
probably to the Aleutian Peninsula. It will prove to be rather
abundant in species.

1. L. biformis Makl.—Bull. Mosc., 1852, p. 330 (Scydmzenus. )

Hlongate-oval, somewhat stout, polished, impunctate, dark rufo-
testaceous, the legs and antenne slightly paler and more brownish ;
pubescence sparse, pale and coarse, longer, denser and bristling on
the neck, short and erect at the sides of the prothorax, rather short,
even and strongly recurved on the elytra. Head with the neck dis-
tinctly longer than wide, the eyes at the middle of the sides, mod-
erate in size but very convex and prominent; antennal prominences
large but feeble, the front broadly impressed and feebly declivous
between them, the clypeus long, with a conical, strongly de-
clivous surface and broadly rounded apex; labrum short and
transverse; mandibles small; neck long, broadly constricted, the
sides from the eyes to the prothorax feebly convergent and

358 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

broadly sinuate, broadly depressed above and with two deep
impressions, separated by a narrow longitudinal carina. An-
tennz* about 3 as long as the body, rather stout, the last four or
five joints constituting a parallel, moderately dilated club; first
joint cylindrical, twice as long as wide, not quite as long as the
next two and slightly thicker; second only slightly shorter,
feebly obconical, + longer than wide, more than twice as long as
the third and slightly thicker; third not quite as long as wide,
more rounded internally; fourth # wider than the third, trans-
versely oval, $ wider than long; fifth 2 wider than the preceding,
obtusely produced externally, nearly 2 wider than long, wider
than the succeeding two and as wide as eight to ten; sixth parallel-
sided, almost as long as wide; seventh obtrapezoidal, slightly
wider than the sixth, a little wider than long; eight to ten slightly
wider than the seventh, subequal, distinctly transverse; eleventh
not wider, conoidal at apex, as long as the two preceding ; joints
one to three polished and sparsely setose, four to eleven finely
asperulate and densely clothed with short coarse hairs in addition
to the setz. Prothorax parallel, slightly longer than wide, +
wider than the head, broadly rounded at the sides anteriorly,
moderately constricted toward base; surface carinate at each side
toward base, with a transverse impression near the base, stronger
toward the middle, where it is interrupted by a narrow abrupt
elevation not rising above the general surface ; at each side along
the lateral carinz there is an elongate foveiform impression. Scu-
tellum very small, slightly elongate. Elytra elongate-oval, fully
> longer than wide, 24 times as long as the prothorax and twice as
wide, slightly wider and a little more rounded at the sides just
before the middle; apex conjointly rounded; humeri obsolete, the
sides oblique to the base ; humeral plica long, acutely elevated, the
impression long and deep; inner fovea large and deep, its
impression large, becoming rapidly shallow posteriorly ; sub-
sutural impressions obsolete, the suture not beaded. Legs long,

*As in nearly all clavicorn Coleoptera, the enlarged outer joints of the an-
tenn are not exactly circular in cross section, and the form of these joints
therefore varies with the point of view, sometimes very greatly. Throughout
the present revision the dimensions given refer to the broadest or compressed
side of the antenne. Itis hoped that the considerable detail given will be
found valuable to some degree in identifying closely allied species, and will
not prove to be wholly unwarranted by reason of individual variation. AS
far as I have been able to discover this variability is not pronounced.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 359

the femora all strongly clavate. Length 2.0 mm.; width 0.8 mm.

Alaska (Prince of Wales Island) and Queen Charlotte Islands.
The specimen described is a male, taken by Mr. H. F. Wickham.
Mr. Keen states that he has taken it at Massett, but I have not seen
any examples from that region. This and the next are by far the
largest and stoutest species of the four known to me.

2. L. arcifer n. sp.—Suboval, rather stout and ventricose, polished, im-
punctate, dark rufo-testaceous throughout, the legs and antennz but slightly
paler; pubescence moderately abundant, coarse, not very long, suberect and
strongly recurved, shorter and not conspicuous on the prothorax, denser and
coarse at the sides, very sparse and inconspicuous on the head except toward
base, where there are many long erect and conspicuous hairs and slender
spinules bristling over the nuchal excavations. Head with the neck a little
longer than wide, the surface convex anteriorly but gradually declivous to the
neck, which is deeply excavated transversely, the hollow bisected by a fine
longitudinal carina of moderate elevation; clypeus moderate in length,
broadly rounded, the surface subconical; eyes not very large, at the middle
of the sides, convex and prominent. Antennz distinctly longer than the head
and prothorax, stout, gradually enlarged distally; basal joint cylindric, as
long as the next two and thicker, scarcely 45 longer than wide; second feebly
obconic, scarcely 14 longer than wide; third equally wide but very short, sub-
lenticular, twice as wide as long; four to six enlarged and closely connected,
the three having within a common deeply hollowed excavation, which is even
and extremely finely, densely rugulose and pubescent, the hairs very short;
seven to eleven normal, gradually and slowly increasing in thickness; seventh
about 24 as wide as the sixth; seven to ten almost perfectly similar in form,
obtrapezoidal, slightly wider than long; eleventh as Jong as the two preceding,
gradually and obliquely pointed. Prothorax slightly longer than wide, 75
wider than the head; sides carinate and parallel in about basal half, feebly
convergent and slightly arcuate thence to the apex, which is truncate and
nearly * as wide as the base; disk transversely impressed near the basal
margin, the impression very finely and abruptly interrupted at the middle,
and also with a deep, slightly elongate-oval fovea at each side near the carina
and not connected with the transverse impression. Scutellum small, elongate-
oval, flat. Elytra 44 longer than wide, 2?¢ times as long as the prothorax and
twice as wide, oval, widest near basal ?¢ but with the sides broadly and very
evenly arcuate, gradually parabolic behind; humeri obliquely and more strongly
rounded; humeral plica long, oblique, acute, the subhumeral impression long,
narrow, deep and oblique; basal fovea distinct, its impression large, oval;
subsutural impressions subobsolete, the suture very faintly beaded toward base;
the bead becoming lost at the apex of the scutellum. Legs well developed, the -
four anterior femora rather strongly clavate, the posterior evidently less
strongly; tibize gradually very narrow toward base; tarsi slender. Length 1.9
mm.; width 0.7 mm.

Oregon (Astoria). Mr. Schwarz.

360 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

The singular arcuate excavation on the interior surface of
antennal joints four to six is very distinct is the male above de-
scribed. This species resembles biformis in the general form and
size of the body, but differs profoundly in the antenne, there
being no suggestion of a regular arcuate excavation in that
Species, in its longer and more abundant pubescence, more
strongly and obliquely narrowed elytra posteriorly, smaller
lateral fovea of the pronotum and in many other features.

3. L. gracilis Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 155 (Seyd-
mezenus ).

Elongate-oval, narrow, polished, impunctate, pale ferruginous
throughout, the antenne and legs concolorous ; pubescence sparse,
moderate in length, coarse, pale in color, recurved on the elytra,
more abundant on the neck. Head longer than wide, the neck
carinate and biimpressed above as usual; eyes median, moderate
in size, not very convex; clypeus as in biformis. Antenne very
long, 2 as long as the body; first and second joints equal, cylin-
dric, twice as long as wide; third scarcely narrower, nearly as
long as wide, less than 4 as long as the second; fourth very large,
rounded, more than twice as long and wide as the third; fifth
narrow, longer than wide; sixth obliquely and angularly pro-
longed internally, transverse, wider than any other joint; inner
sides of joints four to six forming an even sinuosity; seventh
small, oval, rather longer than wide; eighth a little larger, sub-
globular, rather narrower than the ninth and tenth, which are
almost as long as wide; eleventh not quite as long as the two
preceding, obtusely ogival; ninth to eleventh just visibly in-
creasing in thickness. Prothorax distinctly elongate, rather
gradually and arcuately narrowed anteriorly, parallel and carinu-
late at the sides toward base, + wider than the head; disk trans-
versely and feebly impressed near the base, the impression feebly
interrupted at the middle and with a small and very feeble fovea
near each basal angle. Scutellum minute, elongate. EHlytra fully
4 longer than wide, 24 times as long and 22 times as wide as the
prothorax, almost evenly elliptical, the humeri somewhat visible ;
-humeral plica moderate in length and acuteness, the impression
distinct and elongate ; inner fovea deep ; disk somewhat flattened
near the suture toward base, the suture acutely elevated but not
beaded in basal third. Legs long and slender, the femora only
moderately clavate. Length 1.5 mm.; width 0.58 mm.

—

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 361

California. The inner arcuate outline formed by the strongly
modified joints four to six of the male antennez, reminds us
of a similar structure in Arthmius, and, in fact, the sixth joint
here is almost exactly similar to the eighth joint of the male an-
tenna of A. globicollis. This internal sinus, formed by the joints,
is probably of direct use in clasping the antenne of the female
during copulation.

This species differs greatly from biformis and arcifer in its
smaller size, much narrower form, narrower prothorax, and, from
the former, in the male antenne, which are radically different ;
these are relatively very much longer and more slender than in
arcifer.

4. L. myops nu. sp.—Elongate-oval, rather ventricose, polished and impunc-
tate, black, the elytra, legs and antenne pale rufo-testaceous ; pubescence
coarse, pale, bristling but short on the flanks of the prothorax, moderately
short and recurved on the elytra. Head oval, distinctly elongate, very convex
anteriorly, gradually depressed posteriorly, where the neck is deeply exca-
vated on each side of the distinct median carina as usual ; basal parts of the
head and sides of the neck bristling with long stiff pale sete ; eyes rather
small, feebly convex, with about ten rather coarse facets, median, the tempora
behind them very long, convergent and exactly straight to the narrowest part
of the neck ; clypeus conically declivous, rounded at apex ; labrum transverse,
parallelogramic, truncate; mandibles invisible in repose. Antennx barely %
as long as the body, regular, gradually and rather strongly incrassate toward
apex; first joint cylindric, #4 longer than wide, slightly longer and thicker
than the second, the latter distinctly obconic, 14 longer than wide, as long as
the next two and obviously thicker; four to six subequal, about as long as wide
and more or less rounded, the third a little shorter and scarcely as wide,
shorter than wide, six to eleven increasing perfectly evenly in width; seventh
feebly, the eighth more strongly, transverse; ninth %, tenth 44, wider than
long, obtrapezoidal; eleventh stout, oval, obtusely and very obliquely ogival at
tip, about as wide as the two preceding. Prothorax scarcely longer than wide,
fully 1g wider than the head, feebly and somewhat arcuately narrowed an-
teriorly from near the middle, and just visibly narrower and strongly carinate
at the sides toward base; surface transversely impressed near the base, the
impression not extending to the sides, where there is a deep elongate fovea
just within each carina, also a large deep fovea on each flank below the carina.
Scutellum very minute. Elytra fully 14 longer than wide, 23{ times as long
as the prothorax and a little more than twice as wide, strongly, evenly arcuate
at the sides and widest at the middle; humeri almost obsolete; humeral
plica narrow, moderate in length and rather feeble, the adjacent impression
very feeble; inner fovea large, deep, rounded, without a prolonged impression;
subsutural impressions feeble but broadly visible toward base, the suture finely
and very feevly elevated but not beaded. Legs long, slender, the femora

362 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

abruptly but moderately clavate; tarsi moderate. Length 1.35 mm.; width
0.6 mm.

California (San Francisco).

The simple antenne and absence of secondary modification,
show that the two specimens, which I took some years ago,
are both females, but the species departs widely from gracilis in
the shorter, less pubescent palpi, much more anteriorly thickened
head, coarser, non-interrupted basal line of the pronotum and much
longer lateral foveiform impressions; it also differs in the color-
ation of the body. The metasternum is broadly, feebly tumescent
in a large elongate-oval area at the middle anteriorly, from which
stiffer bristles arise sparsely and radially on its outer slopes.

EUCONNINT.

The special characters distinguishing this tribe, which is by far
the most extensive of the Scydmeenidz in North America, have
been sufficiently set forth in the table previously given. The
genera may be outlined as follows :—

Eyes anterior in position as usual ; side-pieces of the metasternum not ex-
posed.
Pronotum foveate near the basal margin.
Posterior coxz more or less widely separated ; antennal club 3 or 4-

jointed.
Third joint of the maxillary palpi normally obconic, gradually nar-
TOW EO LO Ward DAS yo.. sccmien ss rosie eaten cele scuinscisseassceeceeeee Eucennus

Third joint extremely slender, rather abruptly clavate in about apical
half ; body glabrous, the head large ; antennal club 4-jointed.

Pycnophus
Posterior coxz subcontiguous ; antennal club 5-jointed ; tibiz thick,
thetarsi extremely slender... ......cccseccseecesnermeceomereee Noctophus

* Pronotum not foveate near the basal margin, though frequently more or less
feebly and transversely impressed, the impression completely or par-
tially interrupted at the middle.

Prothorax oval, narrowed at base, impressed and finely carinate at the

bASAWaM eles ee. ue. cise st sar deccanses suet coeeseneceeees eee neeeee Drastophus
Prothorax conical, never narrowed at base, not at all carinate or promi-
nent at the sides near the basal angles.................--. Connophron

Eyes median or submedian in position ; side-pieces of the metasternum some-
what exposed by the elytra ; scutellum completely obsolete as usual ; pro-
thorax nearly aS in EUCONNUG................ceeceeeeeerscnceenaecees Smicrophus

These genera all belong to the fauna of eastern North America,
except Drastophus, which is founded upon a single rather abun-

aint

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 363

dant and widely distributed species in the regions bordering the
Pacific Ocean.

EUCONNUS Thoms.

- This genus, in the sense here understood, is by no means so
abundant in species in North America as in Europe, and is even
more obviously resolvable into homogeneous groups, based upon
important differences of special structure or general habitus. In
fact these groups are so isolated among themselves as to warrant
distinctive appellations, as will be noted in the table below. The
common distinguishing features of all the groups are an exserted
head, with anterior eyes and an oblong prothorax, narrowed more
or less at base and at least bifoveate near the basal margin. In
the form and structure of the head it is similar to Connophron,
but in the form and sculpture of the prothorax it is radically dif-
ferent. In the pubescence of the head and body it differs greatly
from Connophron, except in the subgenus Scopophus, which
possesses the peculiar stiff and posteriorly directed vestiture of
the occipital parts, so peculiarly distinctive of Connophron, but
the thoracic structure is still purely that of Euconnus.

As in Connophron, the antenne may have either a 4 or 3-jointed
club, and the hind cox vary even more in degree of separation,
this being virtually fixed, however, within the limits of each sub-
genus. The elytra mutually overlap for a short transverse dis-
tance and are independently rounded at apex, as in Connophron
and other related genera, and the scutellum is wholly invisible as
usual in this part of the family.

All the subgenera appear to be equally widely distributed over
nearly the same territorial area, but no species is at present
known from the Pacific coast, and this is a somewhat remarkable
fact. But it should also be noted that the genus is more varied
structurally in the United States than in Europe, for Connophron,
Drastophus, Pycnophus and Noctophus, besides the subgenera
named below, all belong to the EHuconnus type, as shown by
general constitution, and especially by elytral, cephalic and an-
tennal structure, and it is therefore probable that this type origi-
nated in North America and migrated to Europe in somewhat re-
mote geologic time by way of Greenland. Hither this, or else
there are peculiar and inexplicable reasons for the early extinction
of all species except Drastophus lzvicollis in the Pacific coast
regions, and the latter is a less likely supposition.

364 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

The subgenera of Euconnus within our faunal limits may thus
be defined :—

Antennal club 4-jointed, very variable in development and in abruptness of
formation.

Elytra with long, erect and very sparse hairs; head sparsely pubescent ;
.clypeus separated from the front by a fine transverse canal joining the
antennal cavities; antennz generally long; eyes not prominent ; poste-
rior cox rather widely separated ; male with well marked secondary
sexual characters on the surface of the abdomen..............0.--2-eeeeeeeeeeneee I

Elytra abundantly pubescent, the dense and stiff pubescence of the head
directed backward as in Connophron ; clypeus not separated by a trans-
verse sulcus ; antennz generally shorter, with a more abrupt club ; eyes
more prominent ; hind cox very narrowly separated ; secondary sexual
characters of the male not apparent..................sceceecesececceceeecetcecrees Ii

Antennal club 3-jointed.

Clypeus not porrect, its surface almost evenly continuous with the wide
convex front between the antennal cavities ; pronotum, inaddition to the
usual median fover, with a lateral subbasal fovea and a minute and
rudimentary cariniform elevation at the basal margin only ; hind cox
quite widely separated ; head and elytra glabrous.....................se0-+- HIE

Clypeus slightly porrect, the surface between the antennal cavities tumid ;
pronotum with a fine but long and well defined longitudinal carina at
each side, extending obliquely to the base ; hind coxae but slightly less
widely separated ; head and elytra distinctly though rather sparsely pub-
escent, the hairs of the former not directed backward ; species minute.....1V

The species assigned below to Euconnus proper, agree satisfac-
torily with European species of the hirticollis type, except that
the hind coxz are more widely separated and the sublateral
carinz of the pronotum much less developed, in fact in some
forms, such as ventralis, becoming completely obsolete; but this
is a very variable character also in the European species. Those
known to me may be recognized as follows:—

Subgenus I.

Euconnus Thoms.

Secondary sexual characters of the male confined to the third and fourth ven-
tral segments; head always much narrower than the prothorax.
Large, stouter, the antennz very slender, with all the joints distinctly
CLOWLALE Meee idactacbe races eclcteiiaiesiinou's «eifealdelerleld beeteencwa app Aenea aoe 1 ventralis
Smaller and more slender, the antennz less elongate, the penultimate joint,
at least, not distinctly longer than wide.
Lateral carina of the pronotum extremely rudimentary and only visible
at base; secondary male sexual characters large and conspicuous.
2 clavipes

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 365

Lateral carina somewhat long and quite distinct; secondary sexual char-
acters of the male much reduced and not at all conspicuous.
Body black, the elytra bright red; antenne but slightly dusky toward
tip; elytral bead wide and gradually broader toward base.
3 Semiruber
Body blackish, the elytra dark rufo-piceous; antennee a little shorter,
the last five joints blackish; elytral bead fine, abruptly and strongly
ERMAN CEM echo WASCre sascaseanectecseder ecco sscweisacices accecece: 4 varicornis
Secondary sexual modifications of the male confined to the sixth ventral
segment; antennal club stronger, more abrupt and more moniliform; pro-
thorax scarcely perceptibly wider than the head; body rather narrow.
5 bicolor

Subgenus II.
Scopophus n. sg.

Antenne rather short, with a strong submoniliform club which is usually very
abruptly formed; elytral pubescence more or less strongly recurved or

subdecumbent.
Antennal club very abruptly formed, the eighth and ninth joints subequal
in width. :
Larger species, more than 114 mm. in length.
Elytra deeply concave on the suture toward base...... 6 cavipennis

Elytra not coneave toward base; body slightly less stout.
7 occultus
Smaller species, always distinctly less than 1144 mm. in length.
Body black throughout above; size larger. ;
Head small, much narrower than the prothorax...... 8 migrescens
Head larger, only slightly narrower than the prothorax; elytra more
tmilabediandy ovale sce. ccctiscer aesoecsaaccdaccescsostides esses 9 affinis
Body pale rufo-testaceous throughout, very small in size and of some-
what narrow, elongate-oval form............-.--ssececeseeeeeees 10 gratus
Antennal club very strong but somewhat gradually formed, the eighth
joint intermediate in size between the preceding and succeeding.
Prothorax broad, strongly narrowed anteriorly; head very narrow and

subelongate; color dark rufo-testaceous..............scsseeseeeees 11 putus
Prothorax narrow, feebly narrowed anteriorly, the head relatively
broader; color pale throughout...................ecssesecesceessenes 12 merus

Antenne long, a little more than 14 as long as the body, the club slender,
gradually incrassate and very feebly differentiated, the eleventh joint much
thicker and somewhat abnorma!; elytral pubescence long, straight and
GREE bo nccongag scagan0a p90 oDUHDE RUBS 500406 boCNdaNS Hon CoO LdbUdaDsosadbdbadedodnE 13 relucens

Subgenus III.
Xestophus n. sg.

Antenne very long and slender, with all the joints longer than wide; elytra
subrhombiform; head almost as wide as the prothorax........ 14 salinator

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., IX, March, 1897.—25.

366 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

Subgenus IV.
Psomophus n. sg.

Antennal club darker in color than the stem.
Eighth antennal joint fully as long as wide.

Rlytra strongly wembricose cae. .ccarcese sane: “mene tease eee 15 heedillus
Elytra feebly ventricose; antennal club blacker .................. 16 fatuus

Eighth joint distinctly transverse, the club noticeably stouter.
Antennz longer; joints three to seven all much elongated; hind body
more wmilabed: -5.¢ sacosmane Marenceos wie sancatcon oa eee eee 17 impotens
Antenne shorter and relatively stouter; joints three to seven not dis-
tinctly longer than wide, except the fifth which is invariably longer.
Hind body rather strongly inflated and shorter, the elytra much more

broadly) truncatelabbaseencna-ceceeaesteeese eee te ee nearness 18 callidus

Hind body feebly inflated, the elytra more elongate, narrower and

MOVERS) CXVEMIKY OMEI! sentondcosocacmusdecosonwosce seks toca ebaetereeeewes 19 debilis

Antennal club very stout, paler in color than the shaft........... 20 capitatus

The species mississippicus of Zimmermann and consobrinus of
LeConte, which I have been unable to enti will be alluded
to at the end of this revision.

1. E. ventralis n. sp.—Somewhat stout, polished, impunctate, piceous-
black, the head becoming testaceous anteriorly ; elytra bright and pale rufous,
blackish posteriorly ; legs and antennze throughout pale rufous ; pubescence
abundant and stiff on the pronotum, sparse on the head and elytra, long, pale,
stiff and suberect on the latter. Head nearly as long as wide, the eyes rather
large and convex but not prominent, extending to their own length from the
base and evenly continuous in curvature with the sides of the occiput, which
are convergent and arcuate to the neck, the latter deeply constricted, having
the bulbiform enlargement within the prothorax minutely asperulate ; front
not visibly impressed ; clypeus even and rectilinear at apex. Antennz very
long and slender, 7% as long as the body, the club very slender and elongate
but well differentiated ; second joint almost as long as the first but much nar-
rower, nearly cylindric, 214 times as long as wide and much shorter than the
next two; two to four uniformly decreasing in length ; three to six equal in
width and slightly narrower than the second, feebly obconic and elongate ;
third 21g, fourth 114, fifth 2, sixth 134 times longer than wide; seventh
slightly thicker, very long, feebly thickened toward apex, more than twice as
long as wide; eighth 7 GaibeeE than the seventh and slightly shorter, obo-
voidal, 14 loaner than wide ; ninth and tenth es visibly thicker, obconic,
abruptly conic at the middle of the. apex, 1g and 4 longer than wide respec-
tively ; eleventh not thicker, elongate, obliquely aa gradually pointed, much
shorter than the two preceding. Prothorax not quite as long as wide, parallel
and broadly rounded at the sides anteriorly, broadly constricted toward hase,
fully 144 wider than the head, the subbasal impression and fovez distinct.
-Elytra fully % longer than wide, 249 times longer than the prothorax and very
nearly twice as wide, widest and more narrowly rounded only slightly before

ala

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 367

the middle ; humeral plica large, the subhumeral impression large and con-
Spicuous ; basal foveze deep ; subsutural impressions narrow and strong, the
suture strongly beaded basally, the bead strongly expanded at base. Legs
long, the femora rather strongly and subequally clavate ; tarsi filiform, the
first four joints of the posterior decreasing moderately in length, with the first
distinctly longer than the second. Length 1.75-1.85 mm. ; width 0.8 mm.

Massachusetts ; New York.

The description is taken from the male, in which sex the third and
fourth ventral segments have each two similar discal teeth, sepa-
rated by a little less than half the entire width; the teeth are short,
stout, inclined posteriorly and have their apices obliquely trun-
cate, the truncate surface black and finely and evenly rugose.
The female is very much more abundant than the male, and has the
elytra very slightly shorter, the antenne a little shorter and more
slender, with a less thickened club, and the femora perceptibly
less clavate. The posterior coxe are rather widely separated, the
metasternal edge between them broadly sinuate and acutely
prominent at the sides as usual.

2. E. clavipes Say—Narrative Long’s Exped., Phila., 1824, vol. 2, p.
272; Lec.: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 154; pilosicollis Lec.: Agassiz
‘Take Superior,’’ p. 218 (Scydmzenus).

Feebly ventricose, polished, impunctate, black, the elytra dark
rufous, sometimes slightly blackish toward tip; legs and antenne
dark rufous or more obscure, the latter sometimes slightly
darker toward tip; pubescence very sparse on the head and
elytra, moderately long and suberect on the latter. Head rather
small, as long as wide, subparabolic behind, the eyes somewhat
small, anterior and not prominent; clypeus simple. Antenne
slender, 2. as long as the body, the club well differentiated but
narrow and parallel; second joint distinctly narrower than the
first, much shorter but only slightly thicker than the next two,
subcylindric and fully twice as long as wide; three to six equal
in width, elongate, feebly obconic ; third and fifth, and fourth and
sixth mutually subequal and about 4 and 1 longer than wide
respectively ; seventh a little thicker, feebly obconical and fully
3 longer than wide; eighth but little shorter than the seventh and
fully 2 thicker, obovoidal, 4 longer than wide; ninth and tenth
just visibly thicker and equal, fully as long as wide; eleventh
much shorter than the two preceding and not distinctly thicker,
gradually pointed. Prothorax barely as long as wide, narrowed

368 _ Coleopterological Notices, VII.

at base, parallel and broadly rounded anteriorly, nearly 4 wider
than the head, the transverse impression and fovez deep. Elytra
2 longer than wide, slightly more than twice as long as the
prothorax and nearly twice as wide, widest slightly before the
middle, the sides rather strongly arcuate; apex subacute; hu-
meral plica and impression rather strong and conspicuous ; fovez
deep and approximate; subsutural impressions narrow and some-
what distinct, the strong subbasal bead rather rapidly expanded
at base. Legs rather long; tarsi filiform and slender; four
anterior femora strongly, the two posterior less markedly,
clavate. Length 1.5 mm.; width 0.55 mm.

Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Canada (Toronto), Michigan
(Detroit) and Lake Superior. A widely diffused species but ap-
parently not very common; the bright red of the elytra mentioned
by Say is probably a character of slight immaturity, as most of
the examples before me have the elytra quite dark rufous or
piceous in color.

The male from which the description is drawn has remarkable
abdominal characters, as in the case of the allied though much
larger ventralis. The third and fourth segments have each a
posteriorly inclined short thick sublamellate discal plate, oecupy-
ing about $ and 4 oftheir widths, respectively, each plate broadly
sinuate throughout its width at apex and terminating laterally in
subdentiform projections, the thick apices of the plates to the
extreme lateral tips densely paved with combs of excessively
minute thick and short spinules. The female does not differ
much in general form or structure, but the femora are a trifle less
clavate, and the antenne perhaps just visibly shorter.

3. E.semiruber n. sp.—Moderately ventricose, polished, impunctate,
black, the elytra bright rufous, dusky behind ; legs piceous-black ; antennz
pale rufous, sometimes slightly dusky toward tip ; pubescence long, coarse, sub-
erect and sparse on the elytra, less sparse on the head, abundant, short and
stiff on the prothorax. Head orbicular, not quite as long as wide, the eyes -
moderate in size and not prominent ; clypeus short and broad, convex and
simple. Antennx slender, nearly % as long as the body, the club rather well
differentiated and somewhat incrassate ; second joint nearly as long as the
first but much thinner, subcylindric, more than twice as long as wide, nearly
as long as the next two and distinctly thicker ; three to six equal in width,
feebly obconic ; third and fifth about 2, the fourth and sixth nearly 4%,
longer than wide ; seventh a little longer than the fifth, 45 wider, suboval,
narrowed at base, 14 longer than wide ; eighth oval, % wider than the seventh
and a little shorter, fully Y longer than wide ; ninth nearly 4 thicker than

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 369

the preceding, globular ; tenth still slightly thicker, not quite as long as wide;
eleventh slightly broader than the tenth, gradually, acutely pointed but not
obviously oblique at apex, not quite as long as the two preceding. Prothorax
about as long as wide and '% wider than the head, feebly narrowed at base,
broadly rounded anteriorly, the transverse impression distinct and crossed by
a fine but distinct carina near each side but not in the middle ; fovez obvious.
Elytra % longer than wide, only slightly more than twice as long as the pro-
thorax and about twice as wide, widest but little before the middle, where the
sides are rather more strongly arcuate ; humeral plica long and strong, the
Subhumeral impression large, elongate and deep; fovese approximate and
deep ; subsutural impressions obsolete, the suture strongly beaded subbasally,
the bead rather gradually expanded toward the basal margin. Legs well de-
veloped, the femora quite strongly clavate, the posterior only just visibly less
so. Length 1.25-1.45 mm. ; width 0.55-0.6 mm.

Northern and Central Illinois. Mr. F. M. Webster.

The male, which serves as the type of the above description,
has the secondary modifications of the third and fourth segments
rather feeble, the former having two very small subapical denti-
form projections, separated by scarcely more than a tenth of the
total width, the latter with a short suberect dense comb of
spicules having the same lateral extent and limited at each end
by a very minute corneous tooth much shorter than the spicules.
The female is a little larger and slightly more ventricose, with
rather shorter antenne, but does not differ otherwise.

4. E. varicornis n. sp.—Somewhat ventricose, polished and impunc-
tate, black, the elytra dull and translucent rufous ; legs blackish, the tarsi and
basal parts of the tibiz pale ; antennz pale testaceous, the outer five joints
blackish ; pubescence sparse but coarse, pale, rather long and suberect on the
elytra, shorter and less sparse on the head, abundant and stiff on the prothorax.
Head orbicular, not quite as long as wide, the eyes moderate in size and not
prominent ; clypeus simple, with the usual short transverse sulcus at base.
Antenne moderately slender and scarcely more than 144 as long as the body,
the club rather strong and distinctly incrassate ; second joint about as long as
the first but thinner, feebly obconical, twice as long as wide, shorter than the
next two and distinctly thicker ; three tosix equal in width, feebly obconical;
third and fifth subequal, barely 14, fourth 4, sixth 14 longer than wide ;
seventh much thicker, suboval, narrowed at base, 2 thicker than the sixth,
2¢ longer than wide; eighth distinctly shorter and 2, wider than the seventh,
scarcely 1< longer than wide ; ninth nearly 14 thicker than the preceding, sub-
globular, as long as wide; tenth scarcely visibly thicker, oval, not quite as
long as wide ; eleventh elongate, very gradually pointed, almost as long as the
two preceding and distinctly thicker. Prothorax as long as wide and 14 wider
than the head ; sides parallel and broadly arcuate, sinuate toward base ; trans-
‘verse impression feeble at the middle, crossed near each side by a fine carina

370 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

which extends to the basal margin ; fovez large and deep ; pubescence want-

ing along the median line, the hairs bordering which are longer and directed

backward and upward toward base. Elytra scarcely 7% longer than wide,

fully twice as long as the prothorax but only 34 wider, strongly rounded at the

sides, widest only slightly before the middle ; humeral plica and impression

small and inconspicuous, the fovee deep; subsutural impressions entirely
obsolete, the suture finely and strongly beaded basally, the bead rapidly ex-

panded at the base. Legs moderate ; four anterior femora strongly, the two

posterior moderately clavate. Length 1.25 mm.; width 0.5 mm.

Wyoming.

This species is closely allied to semitruber, but differs in its
Shorter and more strongly clavate antenne, rather broader pro-
thorax, much smaller and less conspicuous humeral plica and im-
pression, more abruptly and basally expanded sutural bead and
other structural characters. It is represented before me by a
single male.

The secondary sexual characters are nearly similar to those of
semiruber, the minute teeth of the third ventral being fully as
approximate, but the suberect comb of pale spicules of the fourth
seoment is still shorter in a transverse sense, though composed of
slightly longer spicules, these being planted along the apex of a
short projection which is emarginate in circular arc throughout its.
width ; in semiruber the base of the comb is the straight and un-
modified edge of the segment, the only trace of the emarginate
projection being the minute teeth which limit it laterally.

5. E. bicolor Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 154; Jleconter
Schauf. (Scydmezenus. )

Rather narrow and feebly ventricose, polished and impunctate,
black, the elytra somewhat rufo-piceous; legs and antenne
throughout pale testaceous ; pubescence sparse on the head, very
sparse but rather long and erect on the elytra, dense and stiff on
the pronotal flanks. Head orbicular, as long as wide, the eyes.
moderate, anterior and not prominent; contour behind them
semicircular; clypeus smooth, rectilinear at apex, separated from
the front by the transverse sulcus between the antennal cavities
characterizing this group. Antenne rather stout, slightly more
than 4 as long as the body, the club well differentiated and percep-
tibly inerassate ; second joint almost as large as the first but ob-
conic, + longer than wide, much shorter than the next two and
but slightly thicker; three to six equal in width, oval, subcon-
stricted at base; third 4, fourth 4, fifth 2, sixth 4+ longer than wide;

OP EP ae le
ay
eset

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 371

seventh rather more than } thicker, oval, 2 longer than wide ;
eighth almost $ wider than the seventh, subglobular, conic in
apical third, scarcely visibly longer than wide; ninth and tenth
4 and 2 thicker than the eighth respectively, similar in outline,
the former scarcely as long as wide, the latter nearly + wider than
long; eleventh much stouter, obliquely ogival toward tip, nearly
as long as the two preceding. Prothorax a little longer than
wide, scarcely visibly wider than the head, broadly rounded and
parallel at the sides anteriorly and broadly sinuate toward base ;
transverse impression distinct, interrupted near each side by a
fine longitudinal carina, which does not extend beyond the im-
pression; fovez deep. Elytra nearly 4 longer than wide, scarcely
more than twice as long as the prothorax and about + wider,
almost evenly oval, subacute behind, widest very near the middle,
the sides broadly arcuate ; humeral plica and adjacent impression
rather small and feeble; subsutural impressions small and nar-
row, the suture strongly beaded basally, the bead gradually wider
toward base. Legs moderate in length; four anterior femora
strongly, the posterior moderately clavate. Length 1.3 mm.;
width 0.45 mm.

Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Michigan and Iowa (Iowa City).
The description given above applies to the male, the abdomen in
that sex being simple but with a small, deep and transversely lu-
nate impression at the middle of the sixth segment, bordering the
apical margin. The female differs scarcely at all in general form
or structure. I have found this to be an abundant species under
stones in early springtime, but LeConte states that it occurs
with Formica pennsylvanica.

If Scydmenus bicolor Denny, (Mon. p. 68), be the species alluded
to by Schaufuss as disabling the name bicolor Lec., it may be
stated that the former is a Scydméenus, and is considered to bea
synonym of exilis Er., so that the name bicolor Lec. (Euconnus)
will still hold good.

6. E. cavipennis n. sp.—Moderately stout and ventricose, polished, sub-
impunctate, pale and uniform red-brown throughout the body, legs and an-
tennz; pubescence coarse, pale, abundant and conspicuous, directed backward
on the occiput, short and bristling on the pronotum, quite dense and complex
in arrangement on the elytra, strongly recurved throughout but longer, coarser
and normal on the flanks, very short on the upper portions, where it streams
obliquely outward, externally, and toward the suture, internally, behind, and
intermingled throughout with inconspicuous erect sete. Head as long as

372 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

wide, almost evenly parabolic behind the eyes, which are anterior and rather
small but convex and somewhat prominent; clypeus nearly as in occultus;
labrum large, sinuate at the middle of the apical margin. <Antennz stout,
barely longer than the head and prothorax, the club strong and very abruptly
formed, almost parallel; joints proportioned nearly as in occultus, the seventh
not as long as wide and the two penultimate more strongly transverse; seventh
joint but very slightly wider than the sixth; eighth fully 35 wider than the
seventh. Prothorax fully as long as wide, nearly 14 wider than the head,
formed nearly as in occultus; surface bifoveate near the base at each side, but
scarcely at all impressed, the outer fovea the smaller and continued obliquely
in a narrow excavation to the basal margin between two minute carine.
Elytra % longer than wide, distinctly more than twice as long as the prothorax
and nearly 45 wider, widest before the middle, the sides evenly arcuate
throughout; apex narrowly parabolic; humeral plica and impression rather
long but extremely feeble; foveze deep and approximate; suture minutely
beaded subbasally, the bead rapidly expanded into a large but feeble tri-
angular plate at the basal margin; on and involving the suture there is a large
and deep concavity of elongate-oval form, occupying nearly basal third of the
length. Legs well developed, the two anterior femora strongly, the four pos-
terior moderately, clavate; hind tarsi with the first four joints subequal, the
first two exactly equal. Length 1.6 mm.; width 0.63 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

This is one of the most interesting species of the genus and is
probably myrmecophilous. The description applies to the female,
the male antenne being nearly half as long as the body, the
second joint much longer than the next two, three to seven no-
ticeably longer than wide, the club abrupt and parallel as in the
female but a little more elongate; the hind trochanters are trun-
cate at tip, but there are no abdominal modifications. The elytra
are more elongate, the humeral plica more distinct and the sutural
indentation rather more feeble in the male.

This species is allied closely to occultus but is slightly stouter,
and may be readily distinguished by the indented elytral suture ;
the erect setz of the elytra are much less conspicuous.

7. E. occultus n. sp.—Somewhat narrow and feebly ventricose, polished,
the elytra minutely, sparsely and feebly punctulate, pale rufo-testaceous
throughout, the legs and antennz concolorous ; pubescence pale, stiff and
rather abundant on the elytra, where it is intermingled with much longer
sparse and erect setze, the hairs rather short and recurved, coarse on the flanks,
finer and shorter toward the suture, toward which they are obliquely directed
behind the middle, abundant, short, coarse and stiff on the head and prono-
tum. Head wider than long, broadly rounded at base, the sides subparallel

and rounded behind the eyes, which are small but convex and prominent ;
antennal prominences convex and distinct; clypeus transversely truncate,

Coleopterological Notices, VII. ane

feebly porrect and short; surface between the antennal cavities on the sub-
vertical part of the front convex andtumid. Antenne rather stout, not quite
1 as long as the body, the club strong and abruptly differentiated ; second
joint as long and about as wide as the first but strongly obconic, twice as long
as wide, as long as the next twoand noticeably thicker ; three to six subequal,
oval, the third and fifth rather longer, the fourth and sixth somewhat shorter,
than wide; seventh 44 wider, roughly sculptured apically, subquadrate ;
eighth fully 14 wider, conic in apical 74, about as long as wide ; ninth and
tenth similar to the eighth but a little wider, the former not quite as long as
wide, the latter distinctly wider than long; eleventh a little stouter, very
obtusely ogival at apex, a little shorter than the two preceding. Prothorax as
long as wide, scarcely 14 wider than the head, the sides parallel and broadly
sinuate posteriorly, rounded anteriorly ; apex truncate and *4 as wide as the
base ; surface bifoveate at each side near the base but not distinctly impressed,
the outer fovea much the smaller, also minutely excavated near each flank at
the basal margin. Elytra rather long, 44 longer than wide, much more than
twice as long as the prothorax and about 24 wider, widest near basal 75, the
sides moderately rounded ; apex narrow ; humeral plica and adjoining im-
pression rather small, feeble ; basal foveze small but deep, perforate and ap-
proximate ; at some distance from the base there is a very feeble impression
on the suture, the latter not at all beaded basally. Legs well developed ; two
anterior femora strongly, the four posterior rather feebly, clavate ; hind tarsi
with the first four joints subequal, the first scarcely as long as the second.
Length 1.6 mm. ; width 0.55 mm.

j

Iowa (Lowa City); District of Columbia.

No marks indicative of sex can be discovered in the two speci-
mens before me, but in the eastern specimen the two penultimate
antennal joints are more transverse, and the seventh joint is per-
fectly similar to the sixth and just visibly larger. This species
is said to occur with ants.

8. E. migrescens n. sp.—Rather narrow and feebly ventricose, black
throughout, the abdomen pale at apex; legs and antennz testaceous; integu-
ments polished, the elytra feebly but distinctly punctate; pubescence abun-
dant, pale and coarse, long, stiff and densely bristling posteriorly on the occi-
put, especially at the sides, bristling on the pronotum, unusually short, even
and closely recurved on the elytra, where the sparse erect hairs are quite
short and inconspicuous. Head not quite as long as wide, semicircularly
rounded behind the eyes, which are rather small, anterior and but slightly
prominent; antennal tubercles small, feeble and distant, the front not concave,
the cavities very large and narrowly separated on the declivous front; clypeus
simple, rectilinearly truncate. Antenne short and somewhat stout, barely as
long as the head and prothorax, the club strong and very abrupt; second joint
as long as the first and somewhat narrower, very feebly obconical, 34 longer
than wide, fully as long as the next two and distinctly thicker; three to five
equal and very slightly wider than long, the sixth scarcely perceptibly wider

«

374 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

and more transverse, nearly 1g wider than long; seventh nearly 1g wider than
the sixth, 14 wider than long, conic in apical half; eighth fully 74 wider than
the preceding, conic in apical third, 1g wider than long; ninth and tenth very
slightly wider, about 14 wider than long; eleventh scarcely stouter, oval,
ogival at tip, not as long as the two preceding. Prothorax not quite as long
as wide, nearly %{ wider than the head, broadly rounded at the sides an-
teriorly, slightly narrowed toward base; surface near the base with two large
median fovezx and a small fovea at each side, also with a small pit at the basal
margin behind the lateral fovea and disconnected; transverse impression al-
most completely obsolete. lytra oval, rather feebly narrowed at base, 14
longer than wide, distinctly more than twice as long as the prothorax and
nearly #4 wider, widest but slightly before the middle, the sides broadly and
almost evenly arcuate; humeral plica and impression small and feeble; foveze
small, deep and approximate ; subsutural impressions very feeble, the suture
beaded only very near the base, and feebly, the bead expanding at base.
Femora subequally and rather feebly clavate. Length 1.3 mm.; width
0.45 mm.

New York (Hudson Valley). Mr. H. H. Smith.

There are no means of directly determining the sex of the
unique type, the external characters in the present subgenus be-
ing extremely feeble, but, from analogy with affinzs in the pubes-
cence of the elytra, it is a female. The species may be readily
known from any of those which precede by its black color, with
pale legs and antenne, and it may also be distinguished by the
punctate elytra.

9. E. afffimis n. sp.—Narrowly suboval and moderately ventricose, pol-
ished, the elytra sparsely punctulate, black throughout above, the last two
ventral segments paler ; legs and antennz pale rufo-testaceous ; pubescence
abundant, pale, bristling backward at the sides of the head and occiput and
outward on the pronotum, closely recurved and rather short on the elytra,
where it is finer, shorter and still denser toward the suture posteriorly, the
hairs near the suture inclined obliquely theretoward, sparsely intermixed
throughout with short erect sete. Head well developed, distinctly wider than
long, subcircular in outline behind the eyes, which are moderate in size, an-
terior and somewhat prominent ; antennal prominences small and feeble ;
clypeus simple, rectilinearly truncate. Antennx as long as the head and pro-
thorax, the club stout and very abrupt ; second joint obconic, 14 longer than
wide, as long and nearly as wide as the first, equal in length to the next two
and slightly thicker ; three to six equal in width, cylindric ; third as long as
wide ; fourth and fifth a little shorter; sixth distinctly wider than long ;
seventh 14 wider, oval, nearly 14 wider than long ; eighth 34 wider than the
seventh, suboval, slightly wider than long ; ninth: and tenth very slightly
wider, 1 and *¢ wider than long respectively ; eleventh scarcely thicker, not
quite as long as the two preceding, ogival at tip. Prothorax fully as long as
wide and only very slightly wider than the head, rounded at the sides ante-

aie

Coleopterological Notices, VIT. 375

riorly and distinctly narrowed toward base ; surface near the base with two
distinct median fovez joined by a coarse and rather strong transverse impres-
sion, and a single fovea at each side above the flank, also with a small pit at
the basal margin behind the latter, closed by two short longitudinal carinz.
Elytra % longer than wide, quite distinctly more than twice as long as the
prothorax and nearly #5 wider, oval, widest slightly before the middle, the
sides broadly and evenly arcuate ; humeral plica and impression moderate in
size, the latter distinct ; fovee small and approximate ; subsutural impressions
feeble and rather narrow ; suture very feebly beaded near the base, the bead
expanded at the basal margin. Legs well developed, the femora moderately
clavate, the anterior slightly more strongly. Length 1.25 mm.; width 0.42
mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

The male serves as the type of description, and the female has
the elytral pubescence much less abnormal and almost uniform
throughout, being sparser toward the middle posteriorly than in
the male, but scarcely differs in any other particular.

The tip of the copulatory spicule in the male is slender, thin,
parallel, with the tip obtuse, but produced in the middle in a
minute rounded lobe, the lateral lobes each with a slender, seti-
form and unusually elongate appendage, extending much beyond
the tip of the corneous median portion. The first four joints of
the hind tarsi are almost exactly equal among themselves.

This species is closely allied to nigrescens, but differs in its
much narrower prothorax and relatively larger head, somewhat
narrower form of the body and more oval and more basally nar-
rowed elytra. It is represented by a large and homogeneous
series.

10. E. gratus n. sp.—Narrowly suboval, somewhat ventricose, pol-
ished, impunctate, bright rufo-testaceous, the legs and antenne still paler and
more luteous ; pubescence rather abundant, pale, strongly bristling backward
on the head, unusually short, closely recurved, very even and completely de-
void of intermingled erect setz on the elytra. Head rather well developed,
not quite as long as wide, subcircularly rounded behind the eyes, which are
only moderate in size but rather convex and prominent ; antennal prominences
moderate, the excavations very narrowly separated on the declivous front ;
clypeus normal, rectilinearly truncate at apex. Antennx short, as long as the
head and prothorax, moderately stout, the club strong, parallel and very abrupt
in formation ; second joint obconic, scarcely 14 longer than wide, as long as
the next two and noticeably thicker ; three to six subequal among themselves,
distinctly wider than long ; seventh 4 wider, 74 wider than long ; eighth fully
34 widerand 34 longer than the seventh, suboval, ?¢ wider than long ; ninth
and tenth mutually equal and scarcely visibly wider than the eighth, fully 144

Sa

376 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

wider than long; eleventh short, not quite as long as the two preceding
and just visibly thicker, rather rapidly pointed at tip. Prothoray as long as
wide, scarcely 15 wider than the head, feebly narrowed at base and only
slightly more rapidly so at apex, the latter fully 34 as wide as the base ; sur-
face near the base with two strong rounded fovex, separated by 1 the width
at the middle, and a small fovea near each side which is continued to the basal
margin, the innerside of the canal finely cariniform. lytra evenly oval, %
longer than wide, barely twice as long as the prothorax and fully 94 wider,
widest only slightly before the middle, the sides very evenly and broadly
arcuate throughout the length ; humeral plica moderate in length, strong and
distinct, the impression deep and obvious ; fovez evident ; subsutural impres-
sions rather short and narrow but deep; suture finely beaded, the bead
triangularly expanded at base. Legs moderate in length, the femora distinctly
clavate. Length 1.0 mm. ; width 0.38 mm.

- North Carolina (Asheville).

The single type before me is a male, the cedeagus being partially
protruded; its narrowed apical portion is subparallel, bluntly
rounded at tip, thin and with its plane turned strongly upward
toward tip in profile; the lateral appendages are well developed
and finely setose at apex.

This small but distinct species may be readily distinguished by
the isolated foveze of the pronotum, distinct humeral plica, short,
recurved and even elytral pubescence, strong and abrupt antennal
club and other characters.

11. E. putus n. sp.—Somewhat narrowly oval and very feebly ventricose,
polished, impunctate, dark rufo-testaceous throughout; legs and antennze
slightly paler, brownish-testaceous ; pubescence rather abundant, pale, long,
stiff and directed backward on the basal parts of the head, bristling on the
pronotum, moderately long, even, recurved and intermingled with longer
erect hairs on the elytra. Head rather small, narrow, elongate-oval and
unusually prolonged, evenly and narrowly parabolic behind the eyes, the lat-
ter moderate in size but rather convex and slightly prominent; antennal
tubercles strong and somewhat approximate, the front concave between them ;
front between the antennal cavities rather narrow but not swollen, the clypeus
normal, rectilinearly truncate at apex ; labrum rather small ; third palpal joint
somewhat swollen. Antennx short and slightly stout, not quite as long as the
head and prothorax, the club distinct but gradual, the eighth joint inter-
mediate ; second joint obsuboval, 14 longer than wide, as long as the next two
and thicker ; three to six equal in width ; third and sixth not quite as long as
wide ; fourth and fifth quadrate ; seventh scarcely }¢ wider, not as long as’
wide ; eighth fully % wider than the seventh, oval, 1s wider than long ; ninth
1g wider, 1g wider than long, subequal to tenth ; eleventh not thicker, much
shorter than the two preceding, obliquely pointed at tip. Prothorax large,
not quite as long as wide, about 15 wider than the head, feebly narrowed at

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 377

base, gradually, arcuately narrowed in apical half, the apex nearly %5 as wide
as the base ; surface strongly, transversely impressed near the basal margin,
the ends of the impression foveate near each side of the disk. lytra oval, %¢
longer than wide, barely twice as long as the prothorax and scarcely more than
24 wider, widest and rather more strongly rounded at the sides before the
middle ; humeral plica narrow, rather long but feeble, the corresponding im-
pression slight ; foveze small ; subsutural impressions narrow and strong, the
suture finely beaded basally, the bead very feebly and gradually wider toward
base. Legs of the usual length, the femora moderately clavate ; hind tarsi
filiform, with the first three joints equal, the fourth a little shorter. Length
1.25 mm. ; width 0.4 mm.

Texas (Colorado River).

This species is very distinct from any other of this peculiar
group in the elongate-oval and narrow form of the head, form of
the pronotum and in many other structural features. The sex of
the unique type is not determinable.

12. E. merus n. sp.—Rather narrowly oval and very feebly ventricose,
polished, subimpunctate, pale rufo-testaceous throughout, the legs and antennze
a little paler and more brownish; pubescence abundant, pale, stiff, somewhat
long and very coarse but recurved on the elytra, where there is an admixture
of a few slightly longer erect sete. Head well developed, fully as long as
wide, prolonged unusually behind the eyes and sulparabolic, the eyes moder-
ate in size but very convex and prominent, anterior; antennal tubercles rather
pronounced; clypeus simple and rectilinearly truncate at apex; antennal cavi-
ties well separated, the intervening surface not modified. Antenne short and
rather stout, scarcely as long as the head and prothorax, the club pronounced
but not very abruptly formed; second joint fully as long as the first and not
narrower, but obconic, rather longer than the next two and distinctly thicker;
three, four and six almost equal, much wider than long; fifth a little larger
and more oval, almost as transverse; seventh 14 wider than the sixth, nearly
1g wider than long; eighth #4 wider than the preceding, transversely suboval,
Y wider than long; ninth and tenth nearly similar, almost 14 wider than the
eighth and about 1g wider than long; eleventh scarcely visibly thicker, only
slightly longer than wide, much shorter than the two preceding. Prothorax
rather longer than wide and fully 14 wider than the head, narrowed slightly
at base and gradually and arcuately toward apex; surface with two submedian
fovez near the base, joined by a deep and conspicuous subarcuate impression.
Elytra barely % longer than wide, scarcely twice as long as the prothorax and
about 34 wider, oval, widest but little before the middle, the sides evenly and
broadly arcuate throughout; humeral plica narrow and strong, the subhumeral
impression distinct; outer fovea large and strong,-the inner minute; subsutural
impressions rather narrow, long and distinct; suture beaded in almost basal 7,
the bead with a small expansion at the base. Legs moderate, the femora all
rather feebly clavate. Length 1.1 mm.; width 0.42 mm.

Texas (Colorado River).

378 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

A small species, somewhat allied to gratus but differing in the
less abruptly formed antennal club, deep impression joining the
pronotal foveze, smaller head and much longer and more bristling
elytral vestiture. From putus it differs greatly in its narrower and
less apically narrowed prothorax, much broader head and in other
features of structure and facies. The single type in my cabinet
is of undetermined sex. 3

13. E. reluwcens n. sp.—Narrowly elongate-oval, scarcely at all ventri-
cose, polished, the elytra sparsely and feebly punctate, piceo-castaneous,
the elytra slightly paler and more rufous; legs and antennz dark rufous ;
pubescence abundant, pale, stiff and bristling on the head and pronotum, di-
rected posteriorly on the occiput, long, stiff, erect and even on the elytra.
Head nearly as long as wide, parabolically rounded behind the eyes, which
are anterior, moderately large, very convex and prominent ; antennal promi-
nences rather feeble, the narrowed front between the antennal cavities not
tumid or sulcate; clypeus feebly rugose, rectilinearly truncate at apex; labrum
strongly asperato-punctate and setose. Antennx rather more than 44 as long
asthe body, moderately slender, the club feeble and extremely gradual in
formation, scarcely at all differentiated ; second joint distinctly narrower
than the first, strongly obconic, nearly twice as long as wide, about as
long as the next two and but just visibly thicker ; three to six subcylindric,
with beaded base, equal in width ; third barely longer than wide ; fourth 14,
fifth nearly 1g, sixth 2g, longer than wide, seventh only just visibly wider,
subcylindriec, 14 longer than wide ; eighth obconic in basal 34, strongly conic
in apical 24, scarcely 1g wider than the seventh and a little longer than wide ;
ninth and tenth subsimilar, successively just visibly thicker, as long as wide
and slightly wider than long respectively, rather closely joined ; eleyenth ab-
normal, oval, with an almost axial ogival point, nearly as long as the two pre-
ceding, much thicker and joined obliquely. Prothorax about as long as wide,
nearly 14 wider than the head, narrowed slightly at base, broadly rounded ante-
riorly, the sides gradually convergent toward apex ; surface near the base with
an isolated fovea at each side near the flank, and a deep transverse double fovea
at each side of the median line. Elytra oval with evenly rounded sides, widest
but not more strongly rounded near basal 25, nearly 144 longer than wide, more
than twice as long as the prothorax and scarcely 34 wider ; humeral plica long,
oblique but fine and feeble ; the impression long but very feeble ; foveze small,
approximate and feeble ; subsutural impressions feeble, oblique, uniting on
the suture behind the base ; suture finely and feebly beaded basally, the bead
expanded at base. Legs well developed ; femora all rather strongly clavate ;
hind tarsi filiform, with the joints decreasing perceptibly in length, the first
distinctly longer than the second. Length 1.55 mm.; width 0.55 mm.

Florida.
The single type is probably a male, as there appears to be a
narrowly obtuse corneous apex of the copulatory spicule visible

Coleopierological Notices, VII. 379

at the tip of the abdomen, but there are no secondary abdominal
or crural modifications.

Although the hind coxe are very narrowly separated, this
Species differs very greatly from the others of the present sub-
genus in its long and erect elytral vestiture, antennal structure,
pronotal impressions, punctate elytra, tarsal structure and many
other characters.

14. E. salimator I.ec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 154 (Seyd-
meenus).

Strongly ventricose, highly polished and impunctate, piceous-
black, the elytra dark piceo-rufous; legs dusky ; antenne black,
dark rufous toward base; head and elytra glabrous, the prothorax
abundantly clothed with stiff erect sete. Head orbicular, nearly
as long as wide, the eyes rather well developed and very slightly
prominent; occiput with a setigerous puncture at each side;
front with a similar puncture near each antennal cavity, not in the
least impressed; clypeus evenly declivous, the apex broadly,
feebly sinuate throughout the width in circular arc; labrum
thickly setose. Antenne long and slender, 2 as long as the body,
the 3-jointed club well differentiated and elongate; second joint
as long as the first, slightly thinner, cylindric, twice as long as
wide, thicker but much shorter than the next two; three to six
equal in width, feebly obconic, 2, $, + and 4 longer hor wide re-
spectively ; seventh arg ene, with arcuate sides, fully as
long as the fifth and + thicker, 2 longer than wide; eighth 4
nid than the Me ee Poa , nearly 4 longer fee wide ;
ninth much longer than any of ine Heendinee oval, nroed
toward base, 4 wider than the eighth, nearly $ longer than wide;
tenth not thicker, elliptical, very slightly elongate; eleventh not
thicker, gradually and conically pointed, scarcely $ longer than
the tonne Prothorax fully as long as wide and only just visibly
wider than the head, parallel, broadly rounded at the sides an-
-teriorly, broadly sinuate toward base; surface with two large
fovez at each side near the base, the two inner larger and trans-
‘versely connected by a feebleimpression. Elytra subrhomboidal,
2 longer than wide, more than twice as long as the prothorax and
4 wider, widest and strongly rounded only slightly before the
middle, the sides thence strongly oblique to the narrowly rounded
apex; humeral plica and subhumeral impression obsolete; basal
fovere distinct and deep; subsutural impressions oman: the

380 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

suture not beaded toward base; each elytron with a setigerous
puncture at basal + and inner 2. Legs long, the four anterior
femora rather strongly, the two posterior a little less strongly but
more abruptly and apically clavate. Length 1.4-1.5 mm.; width

0.55—-0.6 mm.

New York, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Illinois and Iowa. A
very common and rather widely diffused species in swampy places.
The above description applies to the male, but the female differs
only slightly, having the antenne a little shorter but at the same
time more slender throughout, with a less elongate and a less
conspicuous club. There are no secondary sexual characters on
the surface of the abdomen, the latter being black with the last two
segments testaceous. The hind coxe are well separated, the pos-
terior tarsi filiform, with the first three joints equal, the fourth a
little shorter, and the claws rather long, slender and strongly
arcuate.

This species forms an isolated subgenus of Euconnus, distin-
cuished by the form of the clypeus, glabrous head and elytra,
entirely obsolete humeral plica and impression, unbeaded suture,
3-jointed antennal club, peculiarities of pronotal sculpture and
other characters.

15. EB. heedillus n. sp.—Strongly ventricose, polished, subimpunctate,
black, elytra very slighter paler and piceous ; legs and antenne pale testaceous,
the club of the latter only slightly dusky ; pubescence as in fatuus. Head
orbicular, scarcely as long as wide, semicircularly rounded behind the eyes,
which are rather well developed, but anterior and scarcely at all prominent.
Antenne very slender, a little longer than the head and prothorax, the club
abrupt, parallel and moderately dilated ; second joint slender, as long as the first
but narrower, feebly obconic, nearly twice as long as wide, about as long as the
next two and much thicker ; three to six equal in width, the seventh but just
visibly wider, all smooth and of the same structure, feebly narrowed at base ;
third 1g, fourth rather more than 1¢, fifth 14, sixth scarcely 14, seventh 4
longer than wide ; eighth 14 wider, as long as wide, the outer side straight,
the inner somewhat angulate ; ninth 94 wider and % longer than the seventh,
subglobular, barely as long as wide ; tenth scarcely wider, 2 wider than long ;
eleventh scarcely thicker than the preceding, not quite as long as the ninth
and tenth, gradually, acutely and obliquely pointed at tip. Prothorax not
quite as long as wide, only just visibly wider than the head, parallel and
broadly rounded at the sides, narrowed a little at base, with subbasal modifi_
cations nearly as in fatuus. lytra inflated, scarcely 1g longer than wide, much
more than twice as long as the prothorax and fully *4 wider, ovoidal, widest
before the middle, with the side strongly, evenly arcuate, oblique and straighter
behind, the tip subacute ; humeral plica broad and strong, the subhumeral im-

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 381

pression long, very deep and conspicuous ; foveze small and very approximate ;
subsutural impressions obsolete ; suture feebly beaded for some distance basally,
the bead gradually slightly wider toward base. Legs moderate, the femora
feebly clavate, the anterior pair more strongly. Length 0.9 mm.; width
0.45 mm.

Rhode Island (Boston Neck).

This species is allied quite closely to fatwus, as indeed are all
the species of this subgenus, but may be distinguished at once by
the strongly inflated hind body, much paler antennal club, slightly
larger head and other structural characters. Sexual marks are
not discernable in the four specimens before me.

16. E. fatuus Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 155 (Seyd-
menus). ‘

Moderately stout and feebly ventricose, polished, impunctate,
piceous-black with slightly paler elytra; legs and antenne testa-
ceous, the latter with the club blackish; pubescence moderately
abundant, short, fine and not directed backward on the head,
somewhat bristling with long and finer and short and thicker
hairs on the prothorax throughout, rather short, sparse and re-
curved and without erect setz on the elytra, pale in color. Head
rounded, not quite as long as wide, the eyes moderate, anterior
and scarcely prominent; antennal tubercles subobsolete; clypeus
truncate or very feebly sinuate at apex. Antenne slender, a little
longer than the head and prothorax, the club abrupt and parallel ;
second joint as long and wide as the first, very feebly obconic,
nearly twice as long as wide, noticeably longer than the next two
and much thicker; three to seven equal in width, similarly
smooth, feebly obconic; third just visibly, fourth 3, fifth 2, sixth
3 and seventh 3, longer than wide; eighth very slightly wider,
quadrate, just visibly darker in color; ninth nearly 2 wider, a
little longer than wide; tenth scarcely visibly wider than the
eighth and obviously wider than long; eleventh not thicker, but
little shorter than the two preceding, gradually and obliquely
pointed. Prothorax subquadrate, not quite as long as wide, +
wider than the head, parallel and broadly rounded at the sides,
narrowed slightly toward base, the surface with two feeble sub-
median fovez near the base, connected by a feeble transverse im-
pression, and with two small and sublateral fovez adjoining the
sublateral carina externally, one at the basal margin, the otherfin
advance. Elytra 2 longer than wide, much more than twice as

ANNALS N. Y. AcAD. Scr., IX, March, 1897.—26.

382 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

long as the prothorax and nearly ? wider, evenly oval, widest
slightly before the middle; sides evenly and broadly arcuate
throughout; humeral plica rather long and strong, the subhu-
meral impression large, deep and conspicuous; subsutural im-
pressions nearly obsolete, the suture not beaded though very
feebly elevated and expanded at the immediate base; basal foveze
deep, the inner small. Legs rather short, the two anterior femora
strongly, the four posterior rather feebly, clavate ; hind tarsi fili-
form and rather long, with the first four joints subequal; hind
coxe rather widely separated. Length 0.9 mm.; width 0.38 mm.

Massachusetts and New York. A minute species, which can
be readily identified by the characters given above. Theabdomen
is pale at apex as usual, and I can perceive no indications of
sexual identity.

I have attached to this species for the present, as varietal
forms, a large series from Ottawa, Canada, which differs from the
typical form in its deep black color and stouter antenne, with
much stouter club, and two specimens from Illinois, which are
decidedly larger, black in color and with stouter antenne.

17. E. impotems n. sp.—Strongly ventricose, polished, impunctate,
black, the elytra paler, rufo-testaceous ; legs and antennz pale, the club of
the latter slightly dusky; pubescence as in fatuus. Head small, rounded,
slightly wider than long, circularly rounded behind the eyes, which are an-
terior but large and slightly prominent, extending fully half way tothe base ;
antennal prominences rather distinct. Antenne very slender, a little longer
than the head and prothorax, the club very abrupt and parallel ; second joint
about as long and very nearly as wide as the first, very feebly obconic, as long
as the next two and distinctly thicker, nearly twice as long as wide ; three to
seven equal in width, feebly obconic, all distinctly elongate ; third, fourth,
sixth and seventh very nearly equal, 1, the fifth fully 14, longer than wide ;
eighth fully 74 wider, transverse, 74 wider than long ; ninth at least 34 wider
than the eighth, not more than 14 wider than long, just visibly narrower than
the tenth, which is distinctly shorter, 7 wider than long; eleventh not at all
thicker, obliquely pointed, much shorter than the two preceding. Prothorax
subquadrate, convex, not quite as long as wide, formed asin fatuus and the
others of this subgenus, with the subbasal fovez, impression and carine fully
developed. lytra short, inflated, not more than 44 longer than wide, only
slightly more than twice as long as the prothorax and about +4 wider, sub-
rhomboidal, widest and rather more strongly rounded at the sides only slightly
before the middle ; humeral plica broad and short but distinct, the subhumeral
impression small but very deep ; foveze small but deep ; subsutural impres-
sions narrow though rather distinct ; suture strongly beaded basally, the bead
suddenly and moderately expanded at base. Legs slender, the two anterior

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 383

femora rather strongly, the four posterior eee clavate. Length 0.9 mm. ;
width 0.45 mm.

Texas (Galveston).

The two specimens, which I took some years ago, represent a
species allied to fatuus and hedillus, but distinguishable from the
former by the shorter and more inflated elytra, smaller head with
larger and more prominent eyes, still more slender antenne with
paler club and transverse eighth joint, and from the latter by its
very much smaller head and larger eyes.

18. EK. callidus n. sp.—Moderately slender and ventricose, polished,
subimpunctate, black, the elytra very slightly paler, dark piceous ; legs and
antennz pale, the club of the latter dark ; pubescence nearly as in fatwus.
Head rather small, almost circular, convex as usual, the eyes moderate in size
and not prominent. Antenne rather short but slender, with the club abrupt
and strong, barely as long as the head and prothorax ; second joint strongly
obconic, not quite twice as long as wide, distinctly longer than the next two
and much thicker ; three to seven subequal in thickness, the fifth and seventh
possibly a little thicker, oval ; third, fourth and sixth equal and as long as
wide; fifth ape longer, 7g longer than wide; seventh quadrate ; eighth
mich wider, *, wider than the seventh, very rane and. transverse, at least 24
wider than an with its apex broadly conic ; ninth abruptly fully %4 eee
than the eighth ; ninth and tenth perfectly fuflew transverse and fully %
wider than long ; eleventh not thicker, distinctly shorter than the two preced-
ing, epnauely, gradually and acutely pointed. Prothorax not quite as long as
wide, fully 14 wider than the head, in form and eee nearly similar to
the on species. lytra oval, short, not more than 14 longer than wide,
but little more than twice as long as the prothorax and nearly 34 wider,
widest before the middle, the sides evenly and rather strongly arcuate
throughout the length ; humeral plica and adjacent impression strongly devel-
oped and conspicuous ; suture feebly beaded for some distance from the base.
Hind wings well developed, coarsely cellular in structure, fringed with rather
long erect hairs. Legs somewhat short, the femora moderately clavate. Length
0.85 mm.; width 0.35 mm.

Texas (Colorado River).

This species is also closely allied to fatuus, but differs in
numerous structural characters, among which may be mentioned
the shorter and smaller, though rather more inflated elytra, much
smaller head and shorter antennz, with a much shorter and more
transverse eighth joint, and shorter, more equal and more trans.
verse ninth and tenth joints. The elytraare less basally narrowed
and broader at the basal margin than in fatuus.

19. E. debilis n. sp.—Moderately ventricose, polished, the elytra very
feebly and sparsely punctulate ; body deep black throughout, the legs dark ;

384 Coleopterological Notices, VILL.

antennz pale rufo-testaceous, the club quite distinctly blackish ; pubescence
nearly as in fatuus. Head rounded, as longas wide ; base of the occiput rather
more feebly arcuate than the sides of the tempora ; eyes rather well developed
and slightly prominent but anterior as usual. Antennx slender, fully as long
as the head and prothorax, the club very abrupt ; second joint as long as the
first and about as thick, very feebly obconic, distinctly longer than the next
two and much thicker, nearly twice as long as wide; three to seven equal in
width ; third just visibly longer than wide ; fourth and sixth quadrate ; fifth
and seventh apparently a little thicker, 1g longer than wide and quadrate re-
spectively, slightly narrowed at base ; eighth fully 14 wider than the seventh,
nearly 74 wider than long ; ninth abruptly 34 wider, 14 wider than long, just
visibly narrower than the tenth, which is 7 wider than long ; eleventh not at
all thicker, not quite as long as the two preceding, very gradually, acutely and
obliquely pointed. Prothorax scarcely as long as wide, strongly convex, fully
14 wider than the head, subquadrate, rounded on the sides and narrowed at
base, strongly bifoveate and impressed near the base and bicarinate as in other
species of this subgenus. Elytra nearly % longer than wide, distinctly more
than twice as long as the prothorax and about 34 wider, oval, widest be-
fore the middle, the sides evenly and rather strongly arcuate to the base ;
humeral plica distinct, the impression moderate in size but elongate and very
deep ; foveze approximate ; subsutural impressions very narrow but distinct,
the suture finely but strongly beaded for a long distance from the base, the
bead abruptly though slightly expanded at the basal margin. Legs moderate,
the two anterior femora strongly, the other four feebly, clavate. Length 0.75:
mm.; width 0.32 mm.

Michigan.

This is the smallest species of the genus and holds strongly to
the fatuus type in its general organization; it however differs in
its intense black color, antennal structure and in its much smaller
size. Two specimens.

20. E. capitatus n. sp.—Somewhat stout, moderately ventricose, polished
and subimpunctate; head black, the prothorax piceous, paler at apex, the
elytra pale rufo-testaceous throughout; legs and antennal club very pale,
luteous, the antennal funicle and base darker testaceous; pubescence nearly as-
in fatuus. Head distinctly wider than long, circularly rounded behind the
eyes, which are rather small and scarcely at all prominent; antennal promi-
nences very feeble, widely separated; declivous front transversely tumid just:
behind the clypeus as usual. Antenne as long as the head and prothorax,
slender, the club very strong and abrupt; second joint not as long as the first,
but fully as thick, very strongly obconic, 34 longer than wide, much longer and
thicker than the next two; three to seven equal in thickness, the fifth perhaps.
a little thicker; third and seventh quadrate; fourth and sixth 4, the fifth 14,
longer than wide; eighth fully %g wider, transverse, 76 wider than long,
strongly conic in apical 2¢; ninth twice as long and nearly twice as wide as
the eighth, feebly obtrapezoidal, more than 14 wider than long; tenth not in

oe np: ec al

Coleopterolugical Notices, VII. 385

the least wider, similar to the ninth but a little shorter, 1g wider than long;
eleventh barely as wide and distinctly shorter than the two preceding, grad-
ually narrowed in a slender and very acute ogive, which is not oblique. Pro-

' thorax subquadrate, about as long as wide, parallel and scarcely narrowed at

base, not distinctly arcuate laterally, but feebly and arcuately narrowed near
the apex, fully 14 wider than the head; subbasal impression strong, the fover
feeble; carinz distinct. Elytra 1g longer than wide, scarcely more than twice
as long as the prothorax and nearly 34 wider; sides evenly, strongly arcuate
throughout the length; humeral plica wide and convex, the subhumeral im-
pression long, rather narrow and very deep; fovez deep and approximate; sub-
sutural impressions obsolete, the suture very finely beaded basally, the bead
minutely, triangularly expanded at base. Legs slender, the four posterior
femora feebly, the two anterior more strongly, clavate. Length 0.95 mm.;
width 0.4 mm.

North Carolina. Mr. Schmitt.

This species, though evidently allied closely to fatuus, differs
obviously in its much stouter antennal club, the latter differing
further from any other of this section, in being much paler, in-
stead of darker, than the remainder. Sexual characters are not
observable, but in the type the anterior tibiz are turned inward
slightly at tip.

In the type specimen the right elytron is removed, and, by
lateral sight, the inner edge of the left is observed to have a ver-
tical inner keel under the subbasal bead, and immediately behind
this a grooved and rather complex locking fold of the edge. The
dorsal. pygidium covered by the elytra is very large, strongly con-
vex and is feebly punctulate and sparsely pubescent toward tip.

Besides the above forms which are deemed worthy of descrip-
tion, there is before me another example, from Florida, which
seems to represent a distinct species, but as it appears to be
immature and is closely allied to some others, it is best not to
name it at present. Indeed all of these six forms of Psomophus
might readily be regarded as strongly marked geographical sub-
species of one type, but the structural differences are so radical
and obvious, that it becomes a matter of necessity to name them,
in order that they may be subsequently referred to.

PYCNOPHUS 2. gen.

The species described by LeConte under the name Scydmenus
yasus, presents numerous structural peculiarities which declare
its isolation from every other known type of the Euconnini. In

386 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

habits also it is more purely myrmecophilous than most other
North American species of the tribe, though even here we may
have cause to doubt the completeness of the symbiosis.

The head is large and truncate at base, but is borne on a
strongly constricted and exserted neck, the antennal cavities
widely separated on the declivous front, with the intermediate
surface not modified, the clypeus short but abruptly subporrect,
so that there is a strong reéntrant angle in profile between
the front and plane of the clypeus, the apex of the latter even.
Labrum large, transverse. Mandibles relatively very small, the
maxillz and palpi more than usually developed, the second joint.
of the maxillary palpi slender, moderately clavate and slightly
bent at apex, the third long, rather abruptly and strongly clavate
in apical half, the basal half forming a long and very slender
peduncle; fourth joint slender and aciculate. In most of its re-
maining characters the single known species might be regarded
as an aberrant Euconnus; it may be described as follows :—

1. P. rasus Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 153 (Seyd-
meenus).

Stout, polished and impunctate, pale rufo-testaceous through-
out; body completely glabrous, with the exceptions noted below.
Head large, subquadrangular, much wider than long, glabrous,
except a brush of dense coarse pale hairs at each side of the basal
surface of the occiput near the neck, the latter 2 as wide as the
head; eyes small, rounded, anterior and not prominent. An-
tenn rather thick, with a somewhat abrupt and moniliform 4-
jointed club, nearly 4 as long as the body; joints two to seven
cylindric and very closely connected, the second a little thicker
and slightly elongate; three to six equal in width; third, fourth
and sixth suvequal and not quite as long as wide; fifth rather
longer than wide; seventh but just visibly wider, feebly obconic
and a little longer than wide; joints of club much more loosely
connected ; eighth 2 wider than the seventh, oval and a little
longer than wide; ninth and tenth 4 wider, a little wider than
long, narrowed apically, the apex narrowly truncate; eleventh
rather thicker, very obtusely ogival and slightly oblique at apex,
much shorter than the two preceding. Prothorax rather small,
about as long as wide, not quite as wide as the head; sides paral-
lel in basal half, convergent apically ; surface completely glabrous
except a few short hairs on the flanks anteriorly near the head,

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 387

the apical margin at the sides broadly lobed; disk with two small
and very widely separated foveze near the basal margin but not
otherwise modified. Elytra large, oval, somewhat less than three
times as long as the prothorax and twice as wide; sides sub-
parallel, broadly, evenly arcuate; humeral plica broad and indefi-
nite, the subhumeral impression large but feeble; fovez deep,
perforate and approximate; suture not beaded, the impressions
obsolete. Mesosternum finely and strongly carinate. Meta-
sternum large and long. Hind coxe rather narrowly separated.
Legs stout and well developed ; two anterior femora strongly, the
other four moderately, clavate; hind tarsi cylindric, the joints
compactly joined, the first four equal in length; ungues slender
and moderately arcuate. Length 1.65-1.9 mm.; width 0.7-0.85
mm. :

Canada (Ottawa), New York, Pennsylvania and Iowa (Iowa
City). A rather common species and more than usually variable
in point of size. The parapleure of the mesosternum are tumid,
as usual, and have a few sparse hairs. The above description is
drawn from the female, but sexual differences are not obvious in
the series before me, and the male has no striking secondary
characters.

It appears to be certain that the Zuconnus calvus of Sharp, re-
cently described in the “ Biologia ” from Guatemala, is not only a
member of this genus, but that it is exceedingly closely allied to
Trasus.

NOCTOPHUS n. gen.

This name is proposed fora large species, densely pubescent
throughout, having in general the structural characters of Eucon-
nus, but exhibiting differences in antennal, labral and crural
features which seem to demand a generic separation. The head
is large, the antennal cavities widely separated by the simple de-
clivous front, the clypeus simple and rectilinearly truncate, its
plane of inclination nearly the same as the front, from which it is
separated by a feeble transverse depression joining the cavities.
Labrum large and transverse, its anterior margin very deeply
sinuate at the middle. Mandibles and eyes well developed.
Palpi missing in the type. Antenne moderate in length, with a
clearly defined 5-jointed club.

The prothorax is nearly as in Euconnus but without trace of

388 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

carinz, merely having in a common transverse line near the base,
a fovea at each side at the summit of the flank, and three, clearly
defined, toward the middle of the disk, not united by a transverse’
impression. The elytra overlap and are individually rounded
at apex as in EKuconnus, but leave exposed a declivous dorsal
pygidium of small extent. The prosternum is deeply emarginate
before the coxe, and the mesosterum strongly carinate, as in all the
other genera of this tribe. The hind coxe are almost completely
contiguous. Legs well developed, the femora all extremely
clavate, the tibize thickened and densely pubescent but narrowed
at base, the tarsi filiform and slightly compressed, the first four
joints of the posterior decreasing very slightly and uniformly in
length. The hind coxe extend to the extreme sides of the body,
and the met-episterna are not in the least exposed.

The species may be described as follows :—

1. N. schmiitti n. sp.—Moderately stout, polished, subimpunctate; an-
terior parts and antennz dark rufo-piceous, the elytra and legs paler, dark
rufo-testaceous; pubescence very abundant, coarse, pale in color, bristling
’ densely backward from the occiput, short and not very conspicuous on the
prothorax, close-set, even, moderate in length and distinctly recurved on the
elytra. Head transversly oval, the base broadly rounded; eyes moderately
large, subanterior, somewhat convex, much wider than long and: composed of
large, well developed and very convex contiguous lenses. Antenne stout, not
quite 144 as long as the body; second joint shorter and very much thinner
than the first, only slightly thicker than the following, feebly obconic, much
shorter than the next two and 14 longer than wide; three and four equal,
cylindric, just visibly longer than wide; fifth a little wider, quadrate; sixth
still a little wider, more obviously beaded at base, slightly wider than long,
conic at apex; seventh abruptly % wider, very nearly as long as wide; eight
to ten perfectly similar to the seventh, but just visibly wider and successively
slightely more transverse; joints seven to ten strongly conic at apex; outer
five transversely truncate and strongly beaded at base; eleventh slightly
thicker, ogival but not oblique at tip, not quite as long as the two preceding.
Prothorax rather large, nearly as long as wide, % wider than the head,
rounded at the sides anteriorly, broadly constricted toward base, nar-
rowed toward apex, the latter truncate and %% as wide as the base. Hlytra
elongate-oval, nearly 144 longer than wide, almost 24% times longer than the
prothorax and barely 2g wider, broadly, evenly arcuate at the sides, rather
obtuse at apex; humeral plica rather long, the subhumeral impression large
and conspicuous, gradually evanescent; foveze distinct, not very approximate,
the inner the stronger; subsutural impressions rather strong, the suture feebly
elevated but not definitely beaded toward base. Abdomen very densely pubes-
cent, dark brown, the last two segments pale. Length 2.1 mm.; width
0.78 mm.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 389

North Carolina. Mr. Schmitt.
_ The type appears to be a female from the aspect of the opening
between the dorsal and ventral plates at the apex of the abdomen.
It is probable that the Scydmznus crassicornis of Schaum,
(Anal. Ent., 1841, p. 23), from Colombia, also belongs to this
genus.

DRASTOPHUS n. gen.

The sole representative of Euconnus thus far discovered in the
Pacific coast faunal region, is of a distinct and pronounced type
in having the prothorax strongly and subglobularly convex, with
a minute and feeble double fovea bordered inwardly by a very
small carina at each side, at the basal margin, but without further
modification of any kind, the median fovew and transverse im-
pression being wholly obsolete; there is, in fact, not the feeblest
trace of a character which is peculiarly constant and distinctive
of Euconnus in all its eastern representatives. Otherwise, how-
ever, there is no structural feature which would prohibit us from
associating levicollis with Huconnus as a subgenus.

The typical representative of the genus may be described, as
follows from the male :—

1. D. lzevicollis n. sp.—Rather strongly ventricose, polished, impunctate,
uniformly blackish-piceous in color, the head pale, the legs and antennz pale
flavo-testaceous throughout ; last two segments of the abdomen paler ; pubes-
cence moderately abundant, sparse on the head, short, coarse, erect and bristling
on the prothorax, moderate in length, recurved and intermingled with longer
Sparse and more erect setz on the elytra. Head moderately developed, very
slightly wider than long, broadly subparabolic behind the eyes, which are very
anterior in position, rather small and not prominent ; front feebly swollen
between the antennal] cavities and separated from the clypeus by a feeble trans-
verse groove, the clypeus simple, subporrect, rectilinearly truncate at apex ;
labrum well developed, almost circularly rounded, apparently very obsoletely
sinuate at the middle of the apex ; palpi normal. Antenne moderately long,
fully 144 as long as the body, somewhat slender; club pronounced though not
robust, rather well differentiated ; second joint nearly as long as the first but
slightly narrower, obconic, +5 longer than wide, barely as long as the next
two but distinctly thicker ; three to six equal in width, cylindric ; third 1,
and fifth 14 longer than wide; fourth scarcely visibly elongate ; sixth dis-
tinctly shorter than wide; seventh 14 wider, subglobular, as long as wide;
eighth 14 wider than the seventh, rounded, not quite as long as wide ; ninth
\ wider ; last three increasing very slightly and gradually in thickness among
themselves; ninth 14, tenth ?¢ wider than long ; eleventh large, as long as the
two preceding, gradually and acutely pointed but only slightly oblique at apex.

ee Any

390 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

Prothorax subglobular, scarcely as long as wide, nearly 14 wider than the head,
truncate at apex, strongly rounded at the sides, narrowed at base, the surface
strongly and evenly convex. lytra nearly % longer than wide, 244 times

longer than the prothorax and 5¢ wider, strongly inflated near the middle and
_ very much narrowed thence to the base ; apex narrowly rounded; humeral
plica and impression obsolete ; fovez large, deep, equal, perforate and approxi-
mate, the inner slightly emarginating the sutural bead ; subsutural impres-
sions obsolete, the suture feebly beaded and only very near the base, the bead
rapidly and triangularly expanded at base. Legs well developed, the femora
moderately clavate, the anterior more strongly; hind tarsi filiform, the first
three joints subequal and slightly elongate, the fourth distinctly shorter; hind
coxe only moderately separated, the distance being equal to about 14 of their
individual width. Mesosternum strongly carinate. Length 1.25 mm.; width
0.45 mm.

California (San Francisco); British Columbia.

The male has the abdomen simple, with the exception of the
fifth segment, which has on the disk near the apex two small and
feeble wart-like elevations, mutually separated by about 4 of the
width of the segment. The female does not differ appreciably
from the male. The pubescence of the head is sparse and irregu-
lar in arrangement, except at the sides on the tempora, where it
is coarse, abundant and directed posteriorly. This species is
abundant throughout the Pacific coast districts.

CONNOPHRON on. gen.

The species separated under this name constitute by far the
largest and most characteristically American element of the
family, and the European fauna does not appear to possess any
types which can be associated with them, either in structure or
general facies. We in fact have here an example of the non-con-
formity frequently observable between the faunas of Hurope and
eastern North America, as evidenced further in the genera Meli-
gethes, Bythinus, Tenebrioides, Otiorhynchus, Hymenorus and
numerous other instances, where large genera are confined prin-
cipally to one continent, although represented also in the other.
Connophron does not appear to extend into the true Pacific coast
fauna, which fact might rather have been anticipated than other-
wise, in consideration of its purely American origin ; it however
penetrates very nearly to that limit, being found in southern Cali-
fornia and eastern Oregon.

In general structure Connophron is closely allied to Euconnus,
but differs in its conical prothorax, devoid of basal fovez, this

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 391

apparently constituting a differential feature of true generic weight
which appears to have been overlooked. The pronotum is how-
ever frequently impressed transversely near the base, the impres-
sion generally distinctly interrupted at the middle, but there is
in no case even so much as a trace of the circular pits so charac-
teristic of Euconnus.

The body is generally somewhat stout and noticeablv ventri-
cose, much more so as a rule than in Euconnus, and there are but
few exceptions—such as clavatum—where the form becomes
slender, though always remaining strongly convex. The head is
moderate in size, convex, without asexual irregularity of any
kind except in the extremely minute caviceps, strongly rounded
behind, the occiput descending abruptly and almost vertically in
profile to the neck, which is constricted as usual. The eyes are
quite anterior in position and vary greatly in size and promi-
nence. The antennz vary but little in type of structure, and are
not affected sexually to more than a slight degree, the two basal
joints larger, the next four cylindric and equal in width, forming
a peduncle for the enlarged apical parts, the seventh forming a
transition to the more or less elongate 4-jointed club, which, how-
ever, becomes purely 3-jointed in a few species, the eighth joint
then being nearly similar to the seventh; but the eighth varies
considerably in size in the 4-jointed club, so that the 3-jointed
condition is simply an extreme limit, and the species possessing
it do not present any other differential feature. The species hav-
ing a 3-jointed club in Euconnus constitute much more abruptly
circumscribed groups. The maxillary palpi have the third joint
elongate and obconic or suboval, the fourth small, slender and
aciculate. .

The hind coxe are rather narrowly separated, in one groupbe-
coming almost contiguous and with the abdominal process angu-
late; in these species the first ventral segment is peculiarly modified,
the posterior tarsi longer, with the joints more unequal and the
hind tibize provided at apex with a long and slender spur in the
male. This singular spur is, however, not confined to the group
with triangular intercoxal process, but occurs also in some of the
minute species with simple clypeus assigned to the preceding
section. The clypeal tooth so prominent in the-larger species of
the first group, having an unimpressed pronotum, is a perfectly
asexual feature, and seems to be constant in form and size in all

392 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

the individuals of the respective species, wherever an opportunity ae

has occurred to inspect a series of examples. The elytra are
separately rounded at apex and mutually overlap for a consider-
able distance, the fine raised line indicating the limit of overlap
diverging on each from the inner edge posteriorly. The hind
wings are fringed with stiff erect hairs. There is a terminal
dorsal pygidium which is entirely concealed by the elytra. The
integuments are always rather plentifully clothed with hair, which
is simple in structure on the elytra, but intermingled with shorter
and stiffer spicules on the anterior parts; it is directed backward

on the head and densely clothes the basal parts; there is also a

short erect and oblique fringe at each side of the occiput.

The sexual characters are very feeble as a rule, but in the very
minute biceps, and, to a less degree, in caviceps, become extremely
pronounced, the head in the male being modified to as great a
degree as in Batrisus. In frontale and its immediate allies there
is a small pubescent area between the antennal prominences which
_is wanting in the female, but beside these cases I have noticed no.
sexual modification in any part of the body, except occasionally
a very slight one in general form. The terminal spur of the hind
tibiz in the males of a large section of the genus, is a character
altogether peculiar to Connophron. The form of the cedeagus is
noticed under the descriptions of those species in which it hap-
pened to be visible in the particular representative studied, but
the organ is seldom protruded in mounted specimens.

The species are exceedingly numerous and those which I have
before me seem to be conveniently classified as follows :—

Basal joint of the hind tarsi not, or scarcely, longer than the second, the first
four joints subequal among themselves; hind coxze moderately separated,
the abdominal process obtuse; posterior margin of the first segment simple;
hind tibiz of the male never calcarate at apex, except in certain small
Species with simple clypeal Margin. .-...<..<..oomse-snce.-oscee serene eee eaten as 2

Basal joint of the hind tarsi elongate, always distinctly longer than the second,
the joints one to four decreasing rapidly in length, the tarsi frequently
very slender and filiform; hind coxa more approximate, the abdominal

process angulate; posterior margin of the first segment arcuate and gener-
ally fringed with membranous hairs or a coriaceous border; hind tibise of

the male with a slender terminal process............2.2-.s+seseeeeeseeceeeeeersees 33
2—Antennal club 4-jointed, frequently gradual in formation....................+- 3
Antennal club 3-jointed, always abruptly formed......... MBSR AR anacane So arscacddec 32

2—Clypeus toothed at the middle of the apical margin, the tooth sometimes
HATWE NLU aaa conaconaaapabhcuasadcocopdbocososbobaEqpUueconoduoqoounabooobedabocodadarcdnsonocoares 4

Rees

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 393

Clypeus without trace of marginal inequality.............c.ccccseseseceee eons eeneeens 20
4—Body distinctly more than 1 mm. in length.................ccccseeenece ese eee eee ees 5
nod ye apouG lh mM. Im LeNSbh.. 1... sa cpesececcaweccveacesenewars Bee peed aos cecac cote a eaeee 19
3—HElytral pubescence long, erect and generally fine...................00..seseeeeee 6
Elytral pubescence coarse, shorter and recurved................s000seseeesseeee esos 18
6G—Pronotum not transversely impressed near the basal margin, though with
two faint rounded and nearly contiguous impressions in repletum......... 7
Pronotum transversely and rather feebly impressed near the basal margin....17
%—Clypeal tooth large or moderate, distinct..................0..cecceeeeceecececeserees 8
Clypealgtoothivery, MINUS icc .5.ccscccseesssccwnecSsetel ecas seed eseseseancsdnececatsoncsions 16
S—HElytra with a large and conspicuous subhumeral impression.................. 9
Elytra with the subhumeral impression and humeral plica obsolete or very
TCA ym S Oe serch see ciacianiclen tesa siectome ates eleuelsnrelawtecis ats se salsiseiajvinisije(inisis sivisaejere satis we've 15
9—Large species, always more than 144 mm. in length.........................665 10
Small species, much less than 114 mm in length..................:ceceeeec eee eeeees 14
10—Pronotum with two feeble, approximate and probably evanescent im-
pressions in the middle near the basal margin................ 1 repletum
Pronotum even, without trace of impression at any part.................0ceceeees 11
1i—Elytra strongly impressed at each side of the suture near the base....... 12
Elytra feebly or not at all impressed near the Suture....................-eeeceseeeee 13

12—Elytra long and rather acutely pointed behind, fully 14 longer than wide.
Clypeal tooth entire; femora all strongly clavate.
Antennal club scarcely at all differentiated; elytra bright red with the

Smbunenine Wyablackishis ceutseco-cenceesn«ccce tosses cs -woane 2 Optatum
Antennal club somewhat distinct; elytra uniformly blackish-piceous in
Colon Moc yeemannow Clea ersistec-iasasse oeisicdtaseeass senses 3 longipenne
Clypeal tooth narrow, bifid at tip; hind femora much less strongly
CLAW AI eee sustea ee aiscanstaist sttuoeiacle's Seicts sale cblogine semen aselecies semanas 4 acutipenne
Elytra shorter and much more obtuse at apex, evidently less than 14 longer
than wide.
Elytra dull red, nubilate with black posteriorly.................... + formale
Elytra bright red throughout; body notably smaller........... 6 simulans

i13—Antenne shorter, the club strongly differentiated; subsutural impres-
sions feeble but visible, the suture beaded toward base.
Legs bright rufo-testaceous throughout...................ecsceeereeee 7 schaumi
Legs blackish; tibize paler, the tarsi flavate....................... 8 flavitarse
Antenne shorter, the club strongly differentated; subsutural impressions
nearly obsolete, the suture not at all beaded toward base; size much
SMASH a alawaiecde wlic'ce huis ous ondsmacaeoo once cua veecla se deneetaeemsiass 9 oreophilum
Antenne long and slender; hind femora evidently less strongly clavate than
the four anterior; elytral suture not beaded toward base.

Body rufo-piceous im Color..................eecesseeceenseceeeeeeceee 10 longicorne
Body bright and pale rufo-testaceous in Color.................-6++ 11 rubrum
14—Prothorax shorter than wide, with the sides straight; penultimate joints
of the antennz moderately transverse................s.eeeeeeeees 12 dentiger

Prothorax fully as long as wide, with the sides arcuate; penultimate joints of
the antenne strongly tramsverSe.................sececeeeeeeee 13 extricatum

394 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

15—Hind body normally inflated; body blackish throughout.
Prothorax small, about 1 as wide as the elytra and much less than 4 ag
WOME 3 ice ce acatce there tm ese nsos cnet aac ener chee an eee nee 14 ludificans
Prothorax fully 35 as wide as the elytra and very nearly 14 as long
15 gaudens
Hind body relatively narrow, 44 wider than the prothorax, rufous in color, the

elytra black though becoming paler at apex.............. 16 nigripenne
16—Hind body normally inflated, the elytra more than 44 wider than the
prothorax.
Subsutural impressions obsolete, the suture not at all elevated or beaded
TOWATC DASE IE ate Me ctenemece oeacie cece oertee neh reece tee cee Ene 17 fossiger

Subsutural impressions visible, the suture more or less beaded toward base.
- Anterior femora moderate, not modified in the male.
Small ; elytra red throughout and much inflated, the subhumeral im-
PLESSLOM: SHLOMO: dosed lcrsckltase can omenes elceie sei lose eset 18 novellum
Small ; elytra reddish, becoming black toward the sides and apex,
much less inflated, the subhumeral impression small.
19 brevicorne
Larger and stouter, the body black throughout ; sutural bead and sub-
humeral impression very strong and conspicuous..20 temnebrosum
Anterior femora large and modified in the male; body black throughout.
21 femorale
Hind body narrow, the elytra not more than 14 wider than the prothorax ; color
PAlePhrous Out seccwesmccssscccnanee see soasscoeenecse menace eee ee 22 procerum
1'%—Clypeal tooth rather well developed ; body elongate and narrow, pale in
color, the elytra but slightly more than 14 wider than the prothorax.
23 elongatum
18— Antenne stout, not longer than the head and prothorax, strongly clavate,
the penultimate joints very transverse.
Larger, the basal foveze of the elytra strong, the outer large.
24 clavicorne
Small, the basal foveze small and feeble ; antennal club more nearly 3-
TOTES Se erste ot sbaoauciosAseoctio sou sobicuebeeassons soasamaooccc0e- 25 abducens
Antenne rather slender, much longer than the head and prothorax.
Penultimate joints of the antenne distinctly wider than long ; body blackish
throughout, the legs and antenne pale.

Elytra inflated, fully #5 wider than the prothorax............26 Luteipes
Elytra but slightly inflated, scarcely 4 wider than the prothorax ; body
MALROWVEU Ao. scssecescesseescccctcescccccevieeusi ne tae eee nee 27 letulum

Penultimate joints of the antennze fully as long as wide ; body rather nar-

rowly oval, pale in color throughout ; antennal club feebly differentiated.

28 furtivum

19—Pronotum without trace of transverse impression, perfectly even through-

out ; male probably without cephalic modification ; antennal club gradual

in formation, the eighth joint intermediate in width ; elytral pubescence
rather short, coarse and recurved.

ees «
7a

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 395

Penultimate joints of the antennz only slightly transverse, the club mod-
erate in thickness ; elytra 14 longer than the head and prothorax com-
[DECIR asst cat weae es tas caer wu cansunbratmac a cbeanebantcaed aEeamebi Rete 29 comptum

Penultimate joints strongly transverse, the club strong ; elytra obviously

less than 14 longer than the head and prothorax.

Clypeus distinctly keeled along the middle...................... 30 humile
Clypeus simple ; body narrower and less pubescent, the antennze less
CUD ITB as IN Pee aL 7 eC Ge aE RS oa 31 pallidum

Pronotum more or less feebly impressed transversely near the basal margin ;
male with a more densely punctured frontal area ; antennal club rather
slender.

Elytral pubescence short, coarse and recurved, with widely dispersed erect
setz intermingled ; color bright testaceous throughout.
32 angusticolle
Elytral pubescence long, suberect and virtually uniform.
Body stouter, with the head well developed, piceous or blackish in

COLOTM eee eee eects tec aene oc maaaee dst cusealds vealed wa atesawsinete 33 frontale

Body narrower and more rhomboidal, paler in color, the head much
SMLAMVET AN SIAC DASE ardoce Coacewactecdthatecrs sedevi toile ctbeee ss oanes 34 frustum
20—Head not greatly modified in the male...................ccececeseceeeseeeee eee ees 21

Head conspicuously modified in the male, being more or less prominently angu-
late at the sides behind the eyes in that sex; body extremely minute...31
21—Pronotum even, without distinct transverse impression; body slightly

aneer MeV esSIN al lNOLINOderabens.casoesce ceases senor choecsen acces nbecose ses won 22
Pronotum with a transverse interrupted impression near the basal margin,
wliehmsphowevercjenera lly tee Dl eteeesesncetcwetin cecweereaecteviee-seneacecne-eee 23

22—Elytral pubescence long, even and suberect; male without tibial spur, at
least in occidens.
Black, the elytral suture beaded toward base.................... 35 integrum
Rufous, the suture not at all beaded...................sccceeseeceeens 36 Occidens
Elytral pubescence rather long and suberect but intermingled with still longer
tactile setze; male with a slender spur at the apex of the hind tibie.
Body feebly ventricose, the elytral vestiture dense.................... 37 amale
Body strongly ventricose, the elytral vestiture coarser and much sparser.
38 ventricosum
Elytral pubescence short, coarse and recurved; body rufo-testaceous through-
out. :
The elytral vestiture even, or with the erect setz not obviously longer.
Femora strongly clavate; subhumeral impression rather distinct though

AM OA CLAUS eeissoee cesses ee ee nena ee ea eee elne ds dgaudeeneces 39 hirtellum
Femora feebly clavate, especially posteriorly.
Subhumeral impression almost obsolete.................2..-++ 40 decorum
Subhumeral impression distinct; male with a spur at the apex of the
JETOCUO CSS OTE ooniee BAER ORR GEGACE Gob cac-es an Rane iCer eo aaaee ered 41 digressum

The elytral pubescence intermingled with long, erect and conspicuous
tactile setze; subhumeral impression very long and deep; femora quite
Ree blisclavctescscestesecssevow see seaemec nce eee ne oatuslteusaevexcdawctuones 42 setiger

396 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

23—Body more ventricose, the elytra always ciency more than 1g wider

than the: prothorax.c «seis. .icvcsireaewseiciese vols accassnsccsvesecetshessvesian st eeceeeeeeeeeem 24
Body narrow and elongate but convex as usual, the elytra about 14 wider than
the prothorax; transverse pronotal impression Strong.............-2ssesseeeee 30
24-—Prothorax strongly (conical....c-.s:2.c-s-cs-arscecsateosstessenecsunenn desea =eeeee 25
Prothorax very feebly conical and frequently subparallel in basal half......... 29
25—Elytra strongly but sparsely punctate toward base, the punctures obsoles-
cent broadly along the crest of the flanks...................0s0008 43 divisum
Elytra not punctured or uniformly and very inconspicuously punctulate......26
26—Liytra strongly inflated, the humeral plica and adjacent impression well
MEVELO PCM: -s. nic. ciassieiesenisiese seiaceiceacssiecsicecacseanisecioeccuvccdceetses === ate 27
Elytra less inflated, the humeral plica and impression smaller and less dis-
PLIAGE osrsiecle ons os nn dioloeisoceciainlnc osteitis Sieleeiels wiele isle’ oaiele\scitiee senile sctaeiesi Don eee) eee ee eee 28

24 —Prothorax very small, scarcely more than 44 as wide as the elytra; eyes
very large and prominent.

Body black throughout; antennal club pronounced.......... 44 testaceipes
Body blackish, the elytra bright red; antennal club very slender and more
gradual in formation... .2.c03 «5 cdecesdensiea tes eeldsos Sorcewoe neeeeeeee 45 imerme

Prothorax not so small, always distinctly more than 14 as wide as the elytra;
eyes moderately large in size.
Elytral vestiture rather long and suberect; antennal prominences evident,
with the front impressed between them.
Elytral suture with a broad bead which is broadly expanded at base.
46 innocuum
Elytral suture not beaded; head larger and more transverse, with larger
EY.OSse adisedlisie socatiiowedeclsicn seinen Caeamoeelastee vcleabinabies stele elesee eae 47 conifer
Elytral vestiture shorter, more ppnadant and recurved, even; antennal
prominences completely obsolete, the front not impressed.
48 castaneum
28—Elytra not punctulate, the transverse pronotal impressions very feeble as
usual; elytral suture with a strong bead toward base, which is rapidly
expanded at the basal margin.
Elytral vestiture rather long and abundant though recurved; body dark in

COLOTS. shies sce buiedd wea ckd as wecsjalen Nowy sieiedle seule steele ore oe amie taaeaceeeeeae 49 triviale
Elytral vestiture shorter and sparse; body paler in color; penultimate joint
of the antennz MOre traNSVETSE.............cesceceeeceececeesoecees 50 osculans

Elytra vaguely punctulate, the pronotal impressions rather strong; elytral
suture only very feebly elevated toward base; body minute in size.

51 pyramidale

29—Elytral pubescence very short and decumbent; head larger; posterior

femora rather strongly clavate; size much larger.......... 52 Oregomnense

Elytral pubescence longer and less decumbent, rather sparse; head noticeably

small, distinctly impressed between the antennal prominences; posterior

femora feebly clavate; size minute.
Body pale rufous; elytral pubescence rather short; prothorax parallel, with
the sides straight toward Dase............ceessssseseseseeeeenes 53 nimbatum

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 397

Body black or piceous-black, the legs pale; elytral pubescence quite long
and only feebly recurved; prothorax feebly conical, with the sides

broadly arcuate, becoming parallel near the base............. 54 parcum
30—Head large, nearly as wide as the prothorax.................. 55 Clavatum
Head smaller, much narrower than the prothorax, the latter more strongly
MALO WE eb, AOR. fvssuassssaciisasciccdies ccag oben deewceeited sahecnt 56 decipiens
31—Head transversely excavated in the male and strongly angulate laterally,
perfectly simple and of the normal form in the female.......... 57 biceps
Head concave toward the middle of the vertex in both sexes, feebly angulate
at) be sides) imithe malesc: ce cinvsseescscecsscseciecs oodescleccedacte 58 Caviceps

32—Clypeal tooth rather well developed, narrow and acute; antennz stouter.
Larger, blackish in color, the hind femora but slightly less clavate; elytra

longer, much more than twice as long as the prothorax....... 59 trinifer
Small, testaceous, the four posterior femora less clavate; elytra smaller, not
more than twice as long as the prothorax.................... 60 debilitans

Clypeal tooth extremely minute, short and obtuse; antennal funicle much nar-
rower, Slender.
Hind body obese, the elytra with a distinct subhumeral impression.

61 trifidum

Hind body narrowly oval, the subhumeral impression almost wholly obso-
Neb eAStZeMMOLey MIMUILC esas selec se seehee- ted cescicecteceomassloeseesece 62 fulvum
»—Larger species, distinctly more than 1 mm. in length; basal joint of the
hind ertarsip MOTE; ClON GALES Les cacaseclasser cece eccsecodesasesacatccutosucckeolcsedecces 34
Minute species, less than 1 mm. in length..................cccccseeeeeeeeeneeecec ee eee 46
24—Clyneus triangularly toothed at the middle; pronotum strongly, trans-
versely impressed near the basal margin..................... 63 repugnans
Clypeus not toothed, or not more than excessively feebly modified at the mid-
dle of the apical margin in a broadly rounded inequality.................. 35

#2)—Pronotum without trace of subbasal impression; tibial spur of the male
very long; hind body strongly ventricose; body black throughout.

64 calcaratum

Pronotum transversely impressed or biimpressed near the basal margin...... 36

#G—Piceous or paler in color, with the elytra generally paler testaceous or

Penapu ena tieeerce GL ge 5 ce sessecacrs a ccuseiomayacieiae ace ela asiscia ceria sae cioslstselascene eee astieaclse a’ 37
Black throughout, the elytra sometimes with a scarcely perceptible piceous
GINO SA ee hace he lstsielsnisis states oils see smias amie nesses semen enocre sae saackinsclnsielseiinss ones 44
Dark rufo-testaceous, the elytra black or piceous-black....................2.2.-+ 45
37—Apex of the first abdominal segment fringed with scale-like porrect hairs,
or with a solid pale coriaceous borde’..................2cecececececcecececerecees 38
Apex of the first segment almost perfectly simple and normal........ Salsas oaeiact 43
#S—Terminal tibial process of the male split into two or three more slender
MULATING MUGS eseeiasctart-te sacs sseenTonlddatteetinn sence see ec ade cb esiesto ca cecteciraseierdeseecuoeeos 39
Terminal process simple; elytral suture always beaded toward base, the bead
abruptly expanded at the basal margin..................ceececseeeeeeeseeeceeeee 40
39—Antennz longer, with a stronger and more incrassate club; subhumeral
impressionifeebless...is sss paccessatesecypctesessorsece ne wistveeeneeessean 65 bifidum

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Sci., IX, April, 1897.—27.

398 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

Antenne shorter, with a more feebly marked club; subhumeral impression

very large and COonSpiCUOUS................0csceeoeecceesesesencees 66 mutilans
40—Large species, always over 144 mm. in length ; subsutural impressions
VELY GOED. ...0.0220s0cdecae decewascctaecstvecuddaseesdseenecceeceeeess ease eet ee==aaaa 41
Smaller species, always under 144 mm. in length.................csscececsecereceees 42
41—Subhumeral impression large, deep and conspicuous.
Antennal club distinctly differentiated.................... 67 capillosulum
Antennal club scarcely at all defined ; tarsi longer.......... 68 proximum

Subhumeral impression smaller and very feeble ; elytra more elongate, less
ventricose and more posteriorly pointed than in capillosulum.
69 illustre
42—Prothorax larger, much more than 14 as wide as the elytra.
Antennal club pronounced, parallel and well differentiated...70 Lymceum
Antennal club incrassate, narrow and more feebly differentiated.
71 basale
Prothorax small, not much more than 14 as wide as the elytra.
Pronotum strongly impressed near the basal margin.
General color piceous ; subbasal impression of the pronotum not dis-
tinctly interrupted at the middle....................-csecesee 72 politum
General color pale testaceous ; elytral pubescence very long; subbasal
impression of the pronotum completely divided..73 longipilosum
Pronotum very feebly and obsoletely impressed ; general color piceous ;

elytral pubescence moderately long and erect............. 74 lacunosum
43—Elytral pubescence unusually sparse.............scceceeeeeseeeeees 75 filitarse

44—Femora dark in color.
Larger species, more than 114 mm. in length......................... 76 atrum
Small species, but little more than 1 mm. in length ; prothorax small, about
17 Jas wide as thevely tra--:s-c-t-c-sseescsoosese-seecneeec eeneeeeee 77 pertinax

Femora and entire legs pale testaceous in color.
Penultimate antennal joint not strongly transverse.
Prothorax small, scarcely more than 14 as wide as the elytra ; hind body

strongly inflated ; small species .................0-.sseeeeee 78 pallidipes
Prothorax rather distinctly more than 14 as wide as the elytra; larger
SPOCLES sis. diistis eslse ra letialetiesiogwaecmincace cece sc bows oclseiesoeiduseeoeeeees 79 nigrum

Penultimate antennal joint strongly transverse; pronotum strongly and
almost continuously impressed near the basal margin. ..80 paganum
4.5—Elytral pubescence rather coarse, pale, erect and conspicuous ; pronotal
impression strong, very narrowly and imperfectly interrupted at the

IMTS. Secs icecs. os bees cueseesteevesthlotc sels savegeelle date CUeeeeenEane 81 limatum
46—-Basal joint of the hind tarsi relatively shorter, not as long as the next
tOKCOM INEM 45. ssceeethcsakals ccscsascaelsdeons soeeeeeceeneeseeeees 82 pumilum

The extreme constancy of type throughout the genus is very
remarkable, and necessitates a careful scrutiny in order to distin-
cuish the numerous species, which in some parts become closely
allied among themselves; but, as in nearly ajl similar cases, this

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 399

adherence to a common type characterizes also the individuals of
the various species, there being but little variability throughout
extended series, even in size of the body, so that with some study,
there can be no more than the usual uncertainty in recognizing
species.

1. C. repletum 1. sp.—Stout, polished and impunctate; head blackish,
the prothorax slightly paler, the elytra dark rufo-testaceous throughout; ab-
domen blackish, slightly pale toward tip; legs and antenne bright rufo-tes-
taceous; pubescence long and abundant, flavous, darker on the prothorax.
Head about as long as wide, strongly parabolic behind the eyes, which are
notably small and but slightly prominent; clypeal margin strongly toothed at
the middle. Antennzx 14 as long as the body, gradually but rather strongly
incrassate toward tip, the three basal joints decreasing slightly in thickness;
‘second nearly twice as long as wide; three to six differing but little among
themselves and about *¢ longer than wide, seventh but slightly thicker, 14
longer than wide; eighth elongate-oval, beaded at base as usual and % longer
than wide; last three joints increasing very slightly in thickness; ninth and
tenth oval, narrowed at base, the latter not longer than wide, the former
slightly elongate; eleventh oval, gradually and obliquely pointed, not as long
as the two preceding. Prothoraz conic, the sides feebly arcuate, the apex
about 14 as wide as the base, the latter broadly arcuate and scarcely more than
44 wider than the head; disk with two large rounded and excessively feeble con-
tiguous impressions at the middle, near the basal margin. Elytra not quite 14
longer than wide, twice as long as the prothorax and about #6 wider, oval, the
sides evenly arcuate, somewhat obtuse at apex; humeral plica feeble; sub-
humeral impression large but feeble, the two fovee approximate and not
strong; surface strongly impressed at the suture near the base, the suture
finely but strongly elevated basally. Legs well developed, the femora all
strongly clavate, but, as usual, decreasingly so posteriorly. Length 2.1 mm.;
width 0.9 mm.

Arkansas (Carlisle). Myr. Wickham.

The individual before me is without doubt a male, and the
Species may be known by its large size, strong elytral impressions,
elevated suture and inflated hind body. The two approximate
impressions of the pronotum are so feeble, that, were they not
symmetrically placed in the unique type, I should be disposed to
regard them as spurious and accidental; it is more than probable
that they are inconstant and may disappear altogether.

2. C. optatum n. sp.—Elongate-oval, moderately stout, polished and im-
punctate, dark piceo-castaneous, the elytra dark rufous throughout but blackish
along the suture ; abdomen pale and somewhat yellowish ; legs and antennze
dark rufous ; pubescence long and abundant, pale, dense and bristling ante-
tiorly. Head nearly as long as wide, broadly parabolic behind the eyes,

400 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

which are rather small but prominent; frontal impression distinct and
with a few coarser punctules in a double series ; frontal margin transversely
truncate at apex, the tooth strong and narrow ; occiput vertical at base. An-
tenn slender and elongate, rather more than 44 as long as the body, incrassate
toward tip ; first three joints decreasing gradually and slightly in thickness,
feebly obconic, the first twice as long as wide ; second %% longer than wide ;
three to seven subequal in thickness and subcylindric; third and fifth 24, fourth
and sixth 1g, and seventh 14, longer than wide ; eighth, elongate-oval, nar-
rowed toward base, 7 longer than wide, distinctly longer than the seventh or
ninth ; three outer joints increasing but little in thickness, the ninth a little
longer than wide; tenth subquadrate ; eleventh gradually pointed, much
shorter than the two preceding. Prothorax rather longer than wide, conic, the
sides but slightly arcuate ; apex not tubulate, feebly arcuate and 44 as wide
as the base, the latter feebly arcuate and not 7 wider than the head; disk per-
fectly even and without trace of impression. Elytra fully 144 longer than
wide, more than twice as long as the prothorax and %4 wider, widest before
the middle ; sides evenly arcuate from base to apex, the latter narrowly
rounded ; two basal foveze on each rather approximate ; subhumeral impres-
sion moderate, the humeral plica wide and distinct but not much elongated
disk distinctly impressed at the suture near the base, the suture strongly
beaded toward base. Abdomen coarsely flavo-pubescent. Legs rather long,
the femora all strongly clavate. Length 2.2 mm.; width 0.85 mm.

Florida (St. Johns River).

The sex of the single specimen before me is undoubtedly male,
as shown by antennal structure and the conformation of the
apical plates of the abdomen. Sexual differences in form are
probably very slight. The species may be readily known by its
large size and impressed elytra, with the suture strongly beaded.

3. C. lomgipenne n.sp.—Elongate and moderately slender, polished and
impunctate, piceous-black, the elytra throughout very dark rufo-piceous; under
surface blackish, the abdomen pale at tip; legs and antennze dark rufous, the
femora still darker; pubescence long and abundant, flavescent on the elytra.
Head slightly wider than long, almost semicircularly rounded behind the eyes,
the latter rather small and moderately convex; neck narrow, barely 74 of the
maximum width; clypeal tooth strong and rather pointed; occiput deeply ver-
tical at base. Antennzx 14 as long as the body, slender, the club feebly differ-
entiated; first three joints decreasing uniformly and gradually in thickness,
the first and second nearly twice as long as wide, the latter shorter than the
next two; three to six equal in width, cylindric; third and sixth }4, fourth 7, —
fifth 14, longer than wide; seventh slightly thicker, 44 longer than wide, as
long as the eighth, the latter feebly obconic, % longer than wide, rather longer
than the ninth, which is but slightly longer than wide; outer joints increasing
feebly in thickness. Prothorax a little longer than wide, conic, the sides very
feebly and almost evenly arcuate; apex truncate, not at all tubulate, 14 as
wide as the base, the latter feebly arcuate and scarcely 14 wider than the head;

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 401

surface even, without trace of impression. lytra rather more than 1g longer
than wide, about #5 wider than the prothorax and more than twice as long,
oval, the sides evenly arcuate throughout; apex narrowly rounded; humeral
plica pronounced and somewhat elongate; subhumeral impression rather deep
and extending some distance from the base; two basal foveze moderate; sub-
sutural impressions, near the base, deep and distinct, the suture beaded thence
to the basal margin. Legs well developed, the femora strongly clavate.
Length 2.0 mm.; width 0.8 mm.

Iowa (Keokuk).

The type is a male,as shown by the acutely produced extremity
of the broad copulatory spicule. This species may be known by
its dark colors, elongate elytra, large size and some other features
as shown in the table.

4. C. acutipenme n. sp.—Rather narrowly subrhomboidal in form, pol-
ished, subimpunctate, piceous-black, the elytra feebly rufescent; abdomen
-castaneous; legs and antennz dark rufous; pubescence abundant, stiff ante-
riorly, long, pale and quite dense on the elytra. Head nearly as long as wide,
semicircularly rounded behind the eyes, the latter moderate in size and rather
convex ; neck % of the maximum width; occiput deeply vertical at base;
frontal margin truncate, the tooth Pes elongate, with the tip bifid and
bearing a setiform hair. Antennz nearly 14 as long as the body, the eighth
joint rather abruptly wider than the seventh and the club almost parallel;
second joint feebly obconic, 14 longer than wide, almost as long as the next
two; three to six almost exactly equal, cylindric, slightly narrower than the
second and barely 14 longer than wide; seventh but little thicker, cylindric-
oval, % longer than wide; eighth wider, suboval, 14 longer than wide, equal
in length to the ninth, which is slightly longer than wide; tenth not longer
than wide; eleventh obliquely pointed, slightly stouter than the ninth and
tenth and distinctly shorter than the two together. Prothorax conic, slightly
longer than wide, the sides feebly arcuate; apex not at all tubulate, fully 14
as wide as the base, which is about 4g wider than the head, surface perfectly
even throughout. L/ytra rather more than 14 longer than wide, more than
twice as long as the prothorax and 4, wider; sides more strongly arcuate at
basal 2%, thence oblique and straighter to the apex, which is acutely rounded;.
humeral plica and impression somewhat short and feeble but distinct; fovese
small and feeble; surface strongly impressed at the suture near the base, the
Suture finely and moderately elevated basally. Abdomen densely fulvo-pubes-
cent. Legs rather long; anterior and middle femora strongly, ine posterior
rather feebly, clavate. Length1.8 mm.; width 0.65 mm.

Texas (Houston).

Readily distinguishable by the elongate and acute elytra, which
are strongly impressed along the suture toward base. It resembles
longipenne, hut is smaller, with the vestiture much denser and
differs greatly in the form of the clypeal tooth, which is simple,

402 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

acute and triangular in that species. The genital segment in the
type is truncate and feebly, transversely impressed at tip. The
type is a male.

5. C. formale n. sp.—Rather stout, elongate-oval, polished and sub-
impunctate, piceous-black, the elytra dark rufous, blackish behind ; abdomen
blackish, pale at apex ; legs and antennz dark rufous, the femora blackish ;.
pubescence long and rather abundant, the darker anterior bristles numerous.
Head slightly wider than long, semicircular behind the rather small eyes, which
are not prominent ; neck less than 144 the maximum width ; occiput deeply
vertical at base; clypeal tooth strong, simple, triangular, not very acute.
Antenne barely 14% as long as the body, somewhat gradually incrassate dis-—
tally ; club only feebly differentiated ; three basal joints decreasing only very
slightly in thickness ; third feebly obconic, fully 34 longer than wide, much
shorter than the next two ; three and six 14, four and five nearly 14, longer
than wide ; seventh but little thicker, 2g longer than wide ; last four joints.
increasing very little in thickness, the ninth but slightly longer than wide ;.
tenth on the compressed side rather wider than long ; eleventh almost as long
as the two preceding. Prothorax scarcely longer than wide, conic, the sides.
feebly arcuate ; apex rather more than 14 as wide as the base, the latter
scarcely more than 14 wider than the head. Elytra not 144 longer than wide,
fully twice as long as the prothorax and nearly twice as wide, regularly oval,
the sides evenly arcuate and widest only slightly before the middle ; apex
rather obtusely rounded ; humeral plica and subhumeral impression well de-
veloped ; foveze small and very feeble ; subsutural impressions distinct, the
suture very finely and feebly elevated basally. Abdomen coarsely and moder-
ately densely fulvo-pubescent, Legs well developed ; femora strongly clavate,
the posterior tibize broadly arcuate basally. Length1.9 mm. ; width 0.8 mm.

Towa (lowa City). Mr. Wickham.

The type above described is a female, and the male will proba-
bly prove to be more slender. Four specimens from Ohio, in
poor state of preservation, are associated for the present with
formale, but possibly represent a closely allied species, as the
elytra are brighter red and invariably become gradually black in
posterior third or fourth. This species is said to occur in ant-
nests, but the association is probably in part fortuitous.

6. C. Simulams n. sp.—Moderately stout, highly polished and impunc-
tate, piceo-testaceous in color, the elytra bright red throughout ; under surface:
dark, paler at the tip of the abdomen ; legs and antennz rufous ; pubescence
long but only moderately close, pale, the anterior bristles darker and nume-
rous at the sides. Head moderate, semicircular behind the eyes, which are well
developed, convex and prominent; clypeal tooth very stout and strong,
rounded at apex and with its upper surface tumid. Antenne scarcely more
than % as long as the body, the outer joints thick, increasing but slightly
among themselves and forming a tolerably well defined club; second joint féebly

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 403

obeonic, 144 longer than wide, slightly shorter and thicker than the next two ;
three to six equal in thickness, cylindric; three and six only just perceptibly
longer than wide; fourth 4, and fifth 14, longer than wide; seventh decidedly
and abruptly thicker, cylindric-oval and only slightly longer than wide; eighth
abruptly thicker but intermediate between seven and nine, not longer than
wide ; tenth barely as long as wide ; outer five joints strongly beaded at base.
Prothoraz but slightly longer than wide, strongly conic, apex 14 as wide as the
base, the latter 2 wider than the head ; surface perfectly even, without trace
of impression. lytra less than 14 longer than wide, barely twice as long as
the prothorax and almost twice as wide, oval, widest but little before the
middle, the sides evenly arcuate ; humeral plica elongate and strong, the sub-
humeral impression large and distinct ; subsutural impressions deep and dis-
tinct. Legs long, the femora all strongly clavate. Length 1.75 mm.; width
0.75 mm.

Texas (Galveston).

The description of the antenne is drawn from a specimen which
is undoubtedly male, the other does not permit of identification
in regard to sex. ‘Two specimens.

This species almost exactly resembles schaumz in the form and
convexity of the clypeal tooth, but the antennz differ somewhat
in relative lengths of the joints, and the elytra are decidedly
shorter, relatively wider and more strongly impressed near the
suture.

7. C. schaumii Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 151 (Scyd-
mzenus); magister Lec.: Sm. Mise. Coll., 140, p. 21 (catalogue name).

Moderately stout, fusiform, polished, subimpunctate, brownish-
red, the elytra and legs pale and bright rufo-testaceous ; antennz
slightly darker ; pubescence long, moderately abundant, fulvous.
Head but slightly wider than long, semicircular behind the eyes,
the latter quite well developed, convex; base vertical, the neck
narrow; clypeal tooth strong, wide, obtusely rounded at tip and
with its upper surface convex. Antenne less than 4 as long as
the body, the club rather abrupt and parallel; second joint 2
longer than wide; third not longer than wide; fourth and sixth 4,
the fifth 2 longer than wide; seventh thicker, cylindric, 3 longer
than wide, rather shorter than the eighth, which is very little
elongate; ninth and tenth subequal, not longer than wide;
eleventh almost as long as the two preceding. Prothorax but
slightly longer than wide, the apex rather more than 4 as wide as
the base, the latter broadly arcuate and nearly 4 wider than the
head; surface perfectly even, not impressed. LElytra elongate,

404 Coleopterological Notices, VILLI.

fully 4 longer than wide, more than twice as long as the prothorax
and # wider, oval, widest slightly before the middle, the sides
evenly arcuate; humeral plica and subhumeral impression well
developed; subsutural impressions narrow and rather feeble, the
sutural bead very fine and feeble. Legs rather thick, moderate
in length; femora all strongly clavate. Length 1.75 mm.; width
0.65 mm. aay

Louisiana. This species may be recognized by the stout, blunt
and convex clypeal tooth, narrowish form, elongate elytra, pale
rufous and strongly clavate femora and antennal structure; the
type described appears to be a male, but I am not certain of this,
as the edeagus is entirely concealed.

Schaumz is of course not a preoccupied name in Connophron,
and, in Huconnus, schaumi Lucas, is considered by the authorities
of the most recent catalogue as a synonym of intrusus Schaum,
so the name appears to be perfectly valid for the present species,
and need not be replaced by magister as suggested by LeConte.

8. C. flawitarse Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 152
(Seydmzenus).

Moderately stout, elongate-oval, polished and subimpunctate,
black, the elytra feebly rufescent except posteriorly ; legs rufo-
piceous, the femora blackish, the tarsi flavate; antennz rufo-
ferruginous ; pubescence long, abundant, fine and darkish on the
elytra. Head much wider than long, the eyes moderately de-
veloped ; clypeal tooth rather large, short, broadly triangular and
rather tumid. Antenne less than 4 as long as the body, the club
moderately abrupt and with its joints perceptibly increasing in
thickness ; second twice as long as wide and as long as the next
two; third, fourth and sixth equal and very slightly elongate ;
fifth a little longer, longer than wide; seventh only very pe
thicker, slightly longer than wide; eighth 2 thicker and 4 longer
than the seventh, a little longer tine wide, Brcidal. ; ninth ‘Thiblee
as long as wide; tenth rather wider than long; eleventh very
gradually and obliquely pointed. Prothorax conic, the surface
perfectly even, not longer than wide and at base scarcely more
than + wider than the head. Elytra nearly 4 longer than wide, a
little more than twice as long as the prothorax and about # 2 qatee
sides rather more strongly rounded at basal 2; iaineeal plica
strong, moderate in length, the subhumeral impression oniy
moderate in length; two basal fovez strong; subsutural impres-

Coleopterolugical Notices, VII. 405

sions rather feeble, the suture finely elevated toward base. Legs
rather long, the femora all strongly clavate. Length 1.75 mm.
width 0.75 mm.

Michigan (Detroit); originally described from New York.
The original description would equally satisfy a dozen species of
the genus, and I do not have the type before me at present. The
above outline is drawn from a female specimen communicated by
Mr. Schwarz, and is probably a true representative of flavitarse ;
at any rate it will produce less subsequent confusion to so con-
sider it, whether or not it agrees rigorously with the original and
virtually undescribed type of LeConte. The statement in the
original description that the elytra at the middle are “ fully 4
wider ” than the prothorax, is grossly erroneous for any species
of this group of the genus.

9. C. oreophilum n. sp.—Moderately stout, polished and impunctate,
dark piceo-rufous, the elytra throughout paler and brighter rufous; legs and
antenne still paler and more flavo-ferruginous; pubescence abundant, only
moderately long and rather coarse on the elytra, pale in color. Head well de-
veloped, slightly wider than long, semicircularly rounded behind the eyes,
which are small and not prominent; clypeal tooth rather well developed, con-
vex, parallel, the tip transversely truncate. <Antennx but little longer than
the head and prothorax, rather slender, the club abrupt but elongate, only
moderatly stout and nearly parallel; second joint but slightly shorter and
narrower than the first, very feebly obconic, barely as long as the next two and
%% longer than wide; three to six equal in width, cylindric, the seventh only
very slightly thicker; third quadrate; fourth only very slightly longer than
wide; fifth and sixth distinctly longer, the former 14, the latter 14, longer
than wide; seventh quadrate; eighth 45 wider and longer than the seventh,
nearly as Jong as wide, conic at apex from the middle, slightly narrower than
the ninth, the latter similar in form and size to the tenth and very slightly
wider than long; eleventh elongate-oval, the tip slightly oblique. Prothorax
strongly conic, the sides feebly arcuate, scarcely as long as wide; apex rather
more than 14 as wide as the base, the latter 1 wider than the head; surface
perfectly even throughout. E/ytra evenly elongate-oval, fully 14 longer than
wide, evidently more than twice as long as the prothorax and very nearly twice
as wide, widest slightly before the middle, the sides evenly arcuate; apex
not very acute; humeral plica elongate, oblique and pronounced, the sub-
humeral impression large and well developed; basal foveze distinct; subsutural
impressions subobsolete, the suture not at all elevated basally. Legs not very
long, the femora only moderately but subequally clavate. Length 1.4 mm.;
width 0.65 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.
The type described above is a.male, but the female does not

406 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

differ perceptibly, and the only way in which the sexes in this
part of the genus can be mutually distinguished is by an exami-
nation of the cedeagus; its acute tip in the male can generally be
discovered by careful examination under sufficient optical en-
largement.

10. C. lomgicorne n. sp.—Moderately stout, polished, dark castaneous,
the elytra slightly paler and rufescent throughout ; legs and antenne dark
rufous ; pubescence dark, rather long, abundant and bristling anteriorly,
longer, abundant and fine on the elytra. Head orbicular, moderately convex,
subimpunctate, about as long as wide, the sides broadly parabolic behind the
eyes, which are moderate in size and only slightly convex ; neck a little less
than 44 the maximum width ; base of occiput a little less than vertical and
rounded in profile. Antenne very long and slender, distinctly more than
1g as long as the body, the basal joint more than twice as long as wide,
cylindric, 14 thicker than the second, the latter 2'4 times as long as wide, not
quite as long as the next two and slightly thicker ; three to six equalin width
and slender, the seventh but slightly thicker, third 14, fourth 14, fifth %,
sixth 4¢, longer than wide ; seventh about twice as long as wide ; eighth feebly
obconic, fully 14 longer than wide and forming a gradual transition to the
. outer joints, the ninth slightly longer than wide ; tenth as long as wide, both
feebly obtrapezoidal ; eleventh gradually pointed, but slightly thicker, 7%
longer than wide and much shorter than the two preceding, not quite twice
as thick as the second. Prothorax slightly longer than wide, conic, the sides
feebly arcuate ; apex scarcely 14 as wideas the base, which is broadly arcuate;
disk evenly convex, not at all impressed, the base #4 wider than the head.
Elytra scarcely 46 longer than wide, % wider than the prothorax, widest at
basal 2¢, the sides arcuate ; apex narrowly rounded ; humeral plica obviously
elongate and distinct ; disk impunctate, scarcely at all impressed near the
suture, the latter perfectly devoid of subbasal bead ; two basal foves dis-
tinct, the subhumeral impression broad and distinct. Legs rather long,
the femora strongly clavate, the posterior less strongly but abruptly so, with
the clava occupying apical half. Length 1.7-1.9 mm.; width 0.75—0.8 mm.

Texas (Brownsville). Mr. Wickham.

The description applies to the two males before me, the single
example which may be supposed to be the female being smaller,
paler and more rufous in color, with the antennz very slightly
shorter and just visibly more strongly, but quite as gradually, in-
crassate toward tip. The abdomen is dark testaceous in nearly
apical half, and is rather thickly pubescent.

11. C. rubrum n. sp.—Rather stout, polished and impunctate, pale
rufous throughout ; legs, antennze and anterior parts scarcely darker than the
elytra ; abdomen pale, darker toward base ; pubescence long and abundant,
fine on-the elytra but mingled with the usual stiff bristles anteriorly-and pale

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 407

yellowish in color. Head only slightly wider than long, parabolic behind the
eyes, the latter moderate in size and rather convex and prominent ; occiput
scarcely vertical and obtuse in profile. Antennzx long and slender, gradually
incrassate toward tip, more than 44 as long as the body, the basal joint cylin-
dric, twice as long as wideand nearly as long as the next two ; second slightly
thicker than the third and 4¢ longer than wide ; three to six equal in thick-
ness, slender, cylindric ; seventh a little thicker ; third %, fourth 14, fifth 44,
sixth %, seventh %, longer than wide ; eighthslightly thicker, feebly obconic,
% longer than wide and distinctly longer than the seventh or ninth, the latter
subequal to the tenth, but little longer than wide ; eleventh elongate, grad-
ually pointed, nearly as long as the two preceding but not thicker. Prothoraxas
long as wide, conic, the sides feebly arcuate ; apex subtubulate, truncate and
4g as wide as the base, the latter broadly arcuate ; disk even and not in the
least impressed ; base scarcely 14 wider than the head. Llytra nearly 14 longer
than wide, twice as long as the prothorax and about %4 wider, ovoidal, widest
near basal third, gradually narrowed behind, the apex narrow but somewhat
obtuse ; disk feebly impressed near the suture toward base ; humeral plica
distinct and elongate ; subhumeral impression large and pronounced ; suture
not at all beaded. Abdomen pubescent. Legs moderately long, the femora
strongly clavate, the posterior less strongly so, with the club occupying apical
half. Length 1.65-1.8 mm. ; width 0.65-0.75 mm.

Texas (Colorado River).

The description refers to three male examples, two other speci-
mens taken at the same time, which are undoubtedly the female,
being decidedly smaller in size, still paler and more ferruginous
in color and with the antenne scarcely 4 as long as the body, and
more strongly and less gradually incrassate through the last four
joints; the femora are equally strongly clavate.

This species is rather closely allied to longicorne, but may be
distinguished by the paler coloration, rather less elongate antenne,
and shorter, stouter and more rhombic form. |

12. C. dentiger n. sp.—Rather stout, polished and subimpunctate;
piceous-black, the entire elytra rather pale rufo-testaceous; legs and antennze
rufous throughout; pubescence moderate in length and abundance, rather pale
on the elytra. Head relatively large, slightly wider than long, semicircularly
rounded behind the eyes, which are moderately developed and not noticeably
prominent; pubescence coarse, abundant and flavate; cly peal tooth long and very
conspicuous, parallel, convex, obtuse atapex. Antennx rather short and stout,
% as long as the body, the club decidedly abrupt but with its joints increas-
ing in width; second subcylindric, almost as thick as the first and much
thicker than the third, #4 longer than wide, as long as the next two; three to
seven almost exactly equal and about as long as wide, the fifth rather more;
eighth 44 wider than the seventh and 14 longer, oval, not quite as long as
wide; ninth similar to the ei hth but a little larger, the tenth distinetly wider

a

408 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

than long; eleventh much shorter than the two preceding, the apex only very
slightly oblique. Prothorax not quite as long as wide; strongly conic, the
sides almost straight; apex fully 44 as wide as the base, the latter scarcely
more than 14 wider than the head; surface perfectly even. Elytra % longer
than wide, much more than twice as long as the prothorax and nearly twice as
wide, the sides rather more strongly arcuate just before the middle; apex
rather narrowly rounded; humeral plica strong and somewhat elongate, the
subhumeral impression conspicuous; basal foveze moderate; subsutural impres-
sions almost obsolete, the suture not at all elevated toward base. Legs rather
short, the anterior and middle femora strongly clavate, the posterior moder-
ately. Length 1.25 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

Towa.

Dentiger may be known among its allies of the present group by
its small size, relatively very large clypeal tooth, small prothorax
and slightly transverse outer joints of the antennze. The sex of
the single specimen before me is not determinable, and in this
example the pubescence is almost entirely rubbed from the elytra.

13. C. extricatum n. sp.—Moderately stout, polished and impunctate,
the head piceous-black; pronotum black, paler at the apical margin, the elytra
dark rufo-testaceous throughout; legs pale reddish throughout, the antennz
dark rufo-testaceous; pubescence long and moderately abundant, rather pale
in color. Head somewhat large, semicircular behind the eyes, which are
moderately developed and not very convex, slightly wider than long ; clypeal
tooth large and strongly developed, slightly reflexed, rounded at tip. Antennz
short, barely as long as the head and prothorax, the club very stout but not
abrupt; second joint obconic, 34 longer than wide, wider than the following;
three to six equal in width, cylindric; third and fourth equal and distinctly
wider than long; fifth and sixth equal and distinctly longer, fully as jong as
wide; seventh 14 thicker, cylindric, 13 wider than long; eighth 14 thicker
than the seventh and 14 wider than long; ninth 75 thicker than the eighth,
transverse; tenth still slightly thicker and strongly transverse; eleventh stout,
obliquely pointed. Prothorax conic, as long as wide, the sides noticeably arcu-
ate; apex more than 14 as wide as the base, the latter 14 wider than the head;
surface perfectly even throughout. lytra rather short, 7, longer than wide;
obliquely and rather acutely pointed behind from before the middle, not
quite twice as long as the prothorax and %% wider; sides arcuate; humeral
plica large and moderately strong, the subhumeral impression large, elongate
and conspicuous; outer fovea very feeble, the inner strong; subsutural im-
pressions rather strong, elongate, the suture finely beaded basally. Legs mod-
erately developed, the four posterior femora quite moderately clavate, the an-
terior strongly. Length 1.2 mm.; width 0.45 mm.

Florida.
This is the smallest species of the present section of the genus,
and may be readily known by the stout and strongly transverse

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 409

penultimate joints of the antenne. The unique type is probably
a female.

14. C. ludificams n. sp.—Elongate-oval, very convex, highly polished
and impunctate, black throughout, the elytra not in the least rufescent, the
legs black ; tibiz scarcely piceous, the tarsi flavescent ; antenne brown; pubes-
cence long, abundant and dark cinereous. Head distinctly wider than long,
transversely oval, subcircular behind, the eyes moderate and but slightly con-
vex ; clypeal tooth moderate in size, broad and rounded. Antenne much less
than 44 as long as the body, the club abrupt, moderately thick and almost
parallel ; second joint about twice as long as wide and equal to the next two,
the latter equal and only very slightly longer than wide ; fifth and sixth
subequal and nearly 1g longer than wide; seventh much more elongate and
scarcely visibly thicker, cylindric, 7 longer than wide ; eighth not distinctly
longer than the seventh but 15 thicker, oval, fully as long as wide, almost
similar to the ninth and tenth ; eleventh obliquely pointed, much shorter than
the two preceding combined. Prothorax rather small, scarcely as long as wide,
strongly conic, the sides slightly arcuate, becoming feebly sinuate near the
apex, the latter rather more than 14 as wide as the base, which is scarcely 1g
wider than the head ; surface perfectly even. lytra elongate, gradually and
acutely pointed behind, fully 44 longer than wide, much more than twice
as long as the prothorax and very nearly twice as wide, the sides more
strongly arcuate behind basal third ; humeral plica and adjacent impres-
sion very short, feeble and inconspicuous ; two basal foveze approximate, deep
and distinct ; subsutural impressions almost completely obsolete, the suture
perfectly devoid of raised margin toward base. Legs rather long, the anterior
femora strongly, intermediate moderately and posterior feebly, clavate. Length
1.65 mm.; width 0.7 mm.

Towa (Iowa City). Mr. Wickham.

The male type of this species differs from femorale in its larger
size, much feebler elytral impressions, relatively smaller pro-
thorax, larger clypeal tooth and in the absence of any sexual
modification of the anterior femora, these being as usual sparsely
clothed with decumbent hairs, becoming gradually subglabrous
toward base on the upper surface.

In this specimen the cedeagus is fully exposed, and the chitinous
copulatory organ appears to be of the usual type; it is wide,
nearly flat, rapidly narrowed in ogive toward apex, the latter pro-
duced in a short acute and thickened spicule; at each side there
is an acute denticle bearing a long double seta; on the under
surface toward base there is a thick and oval plate, attached
basally, with its edges thin and explanate ; the efferent duct prob-
ably protrudes between these plates. In some species it may be
noted that the acute apical spicule becomes wider, and sometimes
transversely truncate at tip.

410 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

15. C. gaudens n. sp.—Black, highly polished and subimpunctate, the
elytra faintly rufo-piceous and sometimes pale rufo-testaceous throughout from
immaturity ; legs piceous, the femora blackish, the tarsi pale ; antennz dark
rufous ; pubescence moderately abundant, long, fine and dark on the elytra.
Head distinctly wider than long, semicircularly rounded behind the eyes,
which are moderately small and but slightly prominent ; clypeal tooth strong,
elongate and rather narrow. Antennz scarcely 1 as long as the body, the club
rather abrupt but with its joints distinctly increasing in thickness and strongly
beaded at base ; second nearly twice as long as wide, as long as the next two
and slightly thicker, cylindro-obconic ; third, fourth and sixth equal and
slightly longer than wide ; fifth a little longer, 14 longer than wide ; seventh
very slightly thicker than the preceding joints, cylindric, 14 longer than wide ;
eighth 1g thicker and distinctly longer than the seventh, ovoidal, rather
longer than wide, as long as the ninth but a little narrower ; tenth scarcely as
long as wide. Prothorax conic, not longer than wide, the apex rather more
than 14 as wide as the base, the latter 14 wider than the head ; sides very
feebly arcuate ; surface convex and perfectly even. lytra oval, fully 44 longer
than wide, rather more than twice as long as the prothorax and %4 wider, the
sides almost evenly arcuate ; apex evenly and not very narrowly rounded ;
humeral plica very small, feeble and basal, the subhumeral impression very
short and feeble, apparently feebly bifoveate at base, the other fovea distinct ;
subsutural impressions wholly obsolete, the suture even and not at all elevated
or beaded. Legs moderately developed, the femora all rather strongly clavate.
Length 1.4-1.7 mm. ; width 0.6-0.7 mm.

Canada (Ottawa). Mr. W. H. Harrington.

The antennal and other characters detailed above are taken
from the male, the female being quite similar but with the an-
tennz somewhat shorter, the third and fourth joints quadrate.

This species somewhat resembles fussiger in size and form, but
may be known by the feeble subhumeral impression of the elytra
and long clypeal tooth. It is represented before me by numerous
Specimens.

16. C. migripenne n. sp.—Somewhat narrowly oval, highly polished
and impunctate, dark red-brown, the elytra black becoming indefinitely pale
at apex ; legs and antennz rufous throughout ; pubescence long and abundant,
pale in color, rather coarse on the elytra. Head orbicular, but slightly wider
than long, semicircular behind the eyes, which are small and but slightly
prominent ; clypeal tooth well developed, subtriangular, narrowly truncate at
tip. Antenne about 14 as long as the body, the club somewhat abrupt, with
its joints increasing in thickness ; basal joint cylindric, more than twice as
long as wide ; second obconic, 34 longer than wide, thicker than the following
joints ; three to six equal in thickness, cylindric ; third not quite as long as
wide ; fourth and sixth subequal and slightly elongate , fifth still longer, 14
longer than wide ; seventh nearly 1g thicker than the sixth and a little longer

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 411

but not longer than wide ; eighth nearly 14 thicker than the seventh, slightly
wider than long; ninth similar to the eighth in form but larger ; tenth
slightly wider and fully 1g wider than long; eleventh stout, obliquely
pointed. Prothorax well developed, rather longer than wide, conic, the sides
distinctly arcuate ; apex fully 14 as wide as the base, the latter 1, wider than
the head ; surface even or with a slight flattening along the median line
toward base. Elytra evenly oval, fully 14 longer than wide, barely twice as
long as the prothorax and not more than 44 wider, the sides evenly arcuate ;
apex rather acute ; humeral plica very feeble and basal, the subhumeral im-
pression almost wholly obsolete ; two basal foveze distinct ; subsutural impres-
sions rather strong, especially near the base and quite oblique ; suture feebly
elevated toward base. Legs well developed, the femora all strongly clavate.
Length 1.65 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

Iowa (Iowa City). Mr. Wickham.

The single type before me is of undeterminable sex. This
species is very distinct in coloration, and may be known besides
by its narrow form, nearly obsolete humeral plica and impression,
but distinct sutural impressions, and by the subtransverse pen-
ultimate joint of the antenne.

17. C. fossiger Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 152 (Seyd-
mezenus).

Moderately stout, polished and impunctate, black, the elytra
red but blackish toward tip; legs and antenne rufous, the femora

blackish; abdomen faintly paler at tip; pubescence moderately
long and rather abundant, somewhat pale in color on the elytra.
Head decidedly wider than long, broadly rounded behind the
eyes, which are rather small but convex and somewhat prominent ;
clypeal tooth very small, triangular. Antennz about 4 as long
as the body, the club abrupt, with its joints increasing feebly in
thickness; second slightly thicker than three to six, cylindric,
2 longer than wide; three i, four i, five nearly } and six 4, longer
than wide; seven but very slightly thicker, cylindric, 2 longer
than wide; eighth a little longer than wide, as long as the tenth
and a little narrower; tenth as long as wide. Prothorax rather
longer than wide; apex somewhat more than 4 as wide as the base,
the latter 4 wider than the head; surface perfectly even through-
out. Hlytra 4 longer than wide, ? wider than the prothorax, the
sides evenly arcuate; apex not very narrowly rounded; humeral
plica and subhumeral impression: pronounced ; foveze small; sub-
sutural impressions almost completely obsolete. Legs well de-
veloped, the femora all strongly clavate. Length 1.65 mm.;
width 0.65-0.7 mm.

412 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New York (Long Island), North
Carolina (Asheville), Iowa (Iowa City) and Colorado. A com-
mon species, to be readily known by the black color, with ruby
elytra becoming blackish toward tip, subobsolete sutural but
well developed subhumeral impressions of the elytra and small
clypeal tooth. The description is taken from the male; in the
female the form is a trifle stouter,and the antenne are a little
shorter, the third joint being exactly quadrate, the fourth a little
longer than wide, fifth a third longer. The antenne are fre-
quently dusky, with the last joint paler.

18. C. novellum n. sp.—Moderately stout, polished, impunctate, black-
ish-piceous, the elytra dark red throughout; antennze dark brownish-red, the
legs paler; vestiture Jong and abundant, erect, even and rather pale on the
elytra. Head well developed, distinctly wider than long, subcircularly
rounded behind the eyes, which are moderately large and quite convex; anten-
nal tubercles scarcely visible, the front very obsoletely impressed; clypeus well
developed, even, rectilinearly transverse at apex and with a very minute but
acute and somewhat reflexed marginal tooth. Antennx slender, about 14 as
long as the body, the club slender and quite gradual in formation; second
joint subcylindric, nearly 34 longer than wide, as long as the next two and
much thicker; three to six very nearly equal among themselves, cylindric or
just visibly obconic and about 14 longer than wide; seventh very slightly
wider, cylindric, 15 longer than wide; eighth 1, wider than the seventh,
rounded at apex, fully as long as wide or a little longer; ninth nearly 4s wider.
than the eighth, about as long as wide; tenth equal in width to the ninth,
distinctly wider than long; eleventh scarcely visibly thicker, long, acutely and
obliquely pointed, distinctly shorter than the two preceding. Prothorax conic,
about as long as wide, the sides very feebly arcuate; apex rather more than 14
as wide as the base, the latter nearly 1g wider than the head; surface per-
fectly even. Elytra 7, longer than wide; fully twice as long as the prothorax
and nearly +5 wider, each somewhat narrowly rounded at apex, widest before
the middle, with the sides evenly arcuate; humeral plica long and strong, the
subhumeral impression large and pronounced; inner fovea distinct, the outer
feeble; subsutural impressions large, oblique, strong and coalescent, the suture
very finely and indistinctly beaded and only at the base. Legs well developed;
four posterior femora rather feebly, the anterior more strongly, clavate.
Length 1.35 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

Mississippi (Starkville). Mr. H. E. Weed.

This species is quite isolated, even when compared with its im-
mediate neighbors, because of its small size and short ventriculate
hind body. It is allied more closely to brevicorne than any other
species, differing strongly, however, in its long and pronounced
humeral plica and attendant impression. The three specimens
before me do not exhibit marked sexual peculiarities.

7

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 413

19. C. brevicorme Say—Narrative Long’s Exped., Phila., 1824, vol. 2,
p. 273 (Scydmeenus).

Rather narrow, polished and impunctate, black, the elytra dark
ruby-red, becoming black on the flanks and toward tip; legs and
antenne dark rufous; the femora blackish ; pubescence long and
rather abundant, darkish in color. Head distinctly wider than
long, the eyes not very well developed and but moderately con-
vex; clypeal tooth minute and triangular. Antenne rather thick,
not longer than the head and prothorax, the club abrupt, rather
thick and with its joints gradually increasing in width; second
joint slightly obconic, nearly twice as long as wide, as long as the
next two together and distinctly thicker ; third, fourth and sixth
subequal and scarcely at all longer than wide; fifth very slightly
elongate; seventh but little thicker, cylindric, as wide as long;
eighth + wider than the seventh and not quite as long as wide;
ninth and tenth progressively slightly wider and quite distinctly
shorter than wide; eleventh still thicker, obliquely pointed, not
as long as the two preceding. Prothorax conic, the sides notice-
ably arcuate, not longer than wide; apex barely 4 as wide as the
base, the latter 2 wider than the head; surface convex and per-
fectly even. Elytra rather less than 4 longer than wide, twice as
long as the prothorax and # wider, the sides evenly arcuate; apex
narrowly obtuse; humeral piica somewhat short but strong, the
impression correspondingly abbreviated but rather distinct ; foveze
small; subsutural impressions distinct, the suture very finely and
faintly elevated near the base. Legs rather short and with some-
what conspicuous pubescence, the femora moderately strongly
clavate, the intermediate and posterior equally strongly. Length
1.4 mm.; width 0.55 mm.

Pennsylvania (probably near Philadelphia). Closely allied to
fossiger in general form, coloration and in the minute clypeal
tooth, but differing in its smaller size, narrower form, stouter and
more abbreviated antennze and stronger subsutural impressions.
Three specimens of indeterminate sex are before me.

_ There can be but little doubt that Say had before him this
species in describing brevicorne. The species identified under
that name by LeConte is however a widely different thing, not
agreeing at all with Say’s description, either in coloration of
the body or nature of the pubescence ; if will be described subse-
quently under the name clavicorne. Say states that brevicorne
ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Sct., IX, April, 1897.—28.

414 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

resembles clavipes, but has the antennz much shorter and stouter.
Although the antennz in the present species are not remarkably
short or stout when compared with other members of Connophron,
they evidently are when compared with Euconnus clavipes, where
these organs are remarkably long and slender.

20. C. tenebrosum n. sp.—Rather stout, black, the elytra faintly rufo-
picescent; legs blackish, the tarsi paler; antennze dark rufous, paler distally;
pubescence moderately sparse, very long and somewhat pale on the elytra; in-
teguments highly polished and impunctate. Head oval, distinctly wider than
long, arcuately rounded behind the eyes, the latter rather small and but
slightly prominent; neck about 44 of the maximum width; clypeal tooth very
minute, truncate at apex. Antenne a little less than 14 as long as the body,
rather gradually and moderately incrassate distally, the club not abrupt, its
joints increasing in thickness to a slight degree; second joint cylindric, twice
as long as wide and as long as the next two, which are subequal and only
slightly longer than wide; fifth *¢, sixth 14, longer than wide; seventh only
very slightly thicker than the sixth, perfectly cylindric, 4 longer than wide;
eighth thicker, obconic, with the apex conoidal, rather longer than wide, a
little narrower and longer than the ninth; tenth about as long as wide, the
apex conic; eleventh well developed, obliquely pointed. Prothorax scarcely
longer than wide, conic, the sides nearly straight; apex rather more than 14 as
wide as the base, the latter nearly 14 wider than the head; surface perfectly
even, without trace of impression. Llytra not quite 144 longer than wide,
twice as long as the prothorax and nearly +4 wider, oval, the sides evenly
arcuate; apex rather narrowly obtuse; humeral plica and subhumeral impres-
sion both long and pronounced; two basal foveze small but deep and subper-
forate; subsutural impressions distinct, the suture strongly beaded basally.
Legs well developed, the femora all strongly clavate. Length 1.65mm.; width
0.65 mm.

Rhode Island (Boston Neck); Massachusetts.

The type isa male, as shown by the exposed tip of the cedeagus,
which is a little more broadly obtuse than usual. This species
resembles fossiger and femorale in its very minute clypeal tooth,
but differs from the former in its entirely black color, strong sub-
sutural impressions with strongly beaded suture, and in antennal
structure, and, from the latter, in its simple anterior femora of the
male, stouter form and other characters.

21. C. femorale n. sp.—Elongate-oval, polished and subimpunciate,
black throughout with a piceous tinge, the legs dark rufo-piceous, the an-
tennz rufous ; pubescence long and abundant, rather dark in color. Head
oval, nearly 1g wider than long, subcircularly rounded behind the eyes, which
are moderate in size and convexity ; clypeal tooth extremely minute and in-
conspicuous. Antenne slender, rather more than 14 as long as the body, the

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 415

club not very abrupt and with its joints increasing gradually in thickness ;
second twice as long as wide, cylindric, very nearly as long as the next two and
but slightly thicker ; third 1s, fourth 7£, fifth 14, sixth 1g, longer than wide ;
seventh but slightly thicker, cylindric, nearly 14 longer than wide ; eighth de-
cidedly thicker, oval, narrowed toward base and distinctly longer than wide,
rather longer than the ninth, which is fully as long as wide; tenth a little
wider than long; eleventh almost as long as the two preceding, obliquely
pointed. Prothorax scarcely longer than wide, conic, the sides very feebly
arcuate ; apex fully 14 as wide as the base, the latter 14 wider than the head ;
surface even. Elytra 144 longer than wide, more than twice as long as the pro-
thorax and 34 wider, oval, widest before the middle, rather narrowly rounded
at apex, the sides somewhat more strongly arcuate near basal ?¢ ; humeral
plica and subhumeral impression long and pronounced ; fovez small but deep ;
ssubsutural impressions feeble but distinct, the suture finely elevated basally.
Abdomen sparsely clothed with rather long hairs. Legs well developed, the
femora all strongly clavate but unequally so as usual. Length 1.4-1.5 mm. ;
width 0.6 mm.

Iowa (Iowa City); Michigan—Mr. J. Croissandeau.

The type described is a male,and in this sex the anterior
femora are very strongly swollen, with their anterior side glabrous
in basal half, asperately and sparsely punctate about the middle
of the length, the asperities bearing short hairs,and thence clothed
with the usual long sparse hair to the apex. The female is slightly
shorter and stouter, with the antenne a little less elongate, and
with the club more abrupt but not stouter, the basal joint, espe-
cially, shorter, the second fully twice as long as wide, the third
only a little longer than wide, the eighth not at all elongate.

This species resembles fossiger, especially when the elytra be-
come slightly rufescent from immaturity, but it may be known at
‘once by the sexual characters of the male, and by the still more
minute clypeal tooth. Numerous specimens.

22. C. procerum nt. sp.—Narrowly fusiform, polished and impunctate,
uniform dark rufo-testaceous throughout, the legs and antennz concolorous;
pubescence long, moderately abundant, pale yellowish in color, rather coarse
-on the elytra. Head well developed, nearly as long as wide, subcireular or
slightly parabolic behind, the eyes moderate in size, not very convex ; clypeal
tooth very minute, swollen, obtusely rounded. Antennz nearly 1% as long as
the body, stout, the club slightly abrupt and with its joints increasing just vis-
ibly in width ; second joint *< as long as the first, and, at apex, nearly as thick,
‘strongly obconic, 14 longer than wide, as long as the next two; three to six
distinctly narrower than the apex of the second and cylindric, the third dis-
tinctly shorter than wide; four and five fully as long as wide; six a little shorter,
‘searcely as long as wide ; seventh 4 thicker and a little longer than the sixth,
scarcely as long as wide ; eighth fully 14 thicker than the seventh, not as long

416 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

as wide ; ninth similar to the eighth but a little larger ; tenth distinctly wider
than long, the eleventh stout, obliquely pointed. Prothorax conic, the sides.
arcuate, rather longer than wide, the apex more than 44 as wide as the base,
the latter 14 wider than the head ; surface perfectly even. Elytra elongate-
oval, Pedcaty and obliquely sanniedl behind, 44 longer than wide, barely
twice as long as the prothorax and 14 wider, narrowed but little from before the
middle to the humeri, the humeral plica very feeble ; subhumeral impression
almost completely obsolete ; foveze feeble ; subsutural impressions very feeble
and near the base, the suture finely elevated basally. Legs rather long, the
thighs moderately strongly clavate, the posterior still less so. Length 1.45.
mm.; width 0.5 mm.

Florida (Lake Monroe).

The single specimen before me is of undetermined sex, but the
species will be readily identified by its narrow form, feeble humeral
modifications of the elytra, uniform pale coloration, minute clypeal
tooth and other characters as mentioned above.

23. C. elongatum n. sp.—Elongate and fusiform, polished and subim-
punctate, pale rufo-testaceous, the elytral suture finely blackish ; legs and an-
tenn paler, rufo-ferruginous ; pubescence long, moderately abundant, pale in
color and rather coarse on the elytra. Head rather small, slightly wider than:
long, subparabolic behind the eyes, which are small and only slightly promi-
nent ; clypeal tooth rather well developed, elongate and narrow. Antennx
about 14 as long as the body, the club not very abrupt, the three outer joints
parallel ; second feebly obconic, 34 longer than wide, subequal to the next
two but slightly thicker ; third and fourth subedeal and about as long as-
wide ; fifth and sixth ver nearly equal and about 44 longer than wide ; sev-
enth aul slightly thicker than the sixth, cylindric, with the sides feebly
arcuate, 1g longer than wide; eighth oval, % thicker than the seventh and.
scarcely longer, exactly intermediate in width between the seventh and ninth,
the latter equalin length to the eighth but distinctly thicker, as long as wide,
similar to the tenth; eleventh not thicker, elongate,feebly and obliquely pointed..
Prothorax conic, the sides arcuate, not longer than wide, the apex 144 as wide
as the base, the latter 1 wider than the head ; surface with a coarse, trans-
verse and feeble i SA near the basal ene. Elytra barely 14 longer
than wide, twice as long as the prothorax and about % wider, obliquely
rounded and rather acute posteriorly, widest near basal third ; humeral plica.
small but elongate and strong, the subhumeral impression distinct but not.
very large ; outer basal fovea feeble, the inner much larger and strong ; sub-
-sutural impressions feeble, the suture beaded toward base. Legs rather long,
the four anterior femora moderately, the posterior less strongly, clavate.
Length 1.75 mm.; width 0.7 mm.

Florida. |
_ The unique type is a male, with the apex of the produced por-
tion of the copulatory spicule rather broadly truncate. In this-

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 41T

example the surface of the abdomen through the first four seg-
ments is clothed with long and erect hairs, and the fifth segment
is notably large and convex.

This species is distinct by reason of its form, color and trans-
versely impressed pronotum, which latter character is very unusual
in this portion of the genus, although common among the allies
of capillosulum.

24. C. clavicorne n. sp.—Scyd. brevicornis Lec. nec Say.: Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 153.—Rather stout, suboval, polished and subim-
punctate, pale rufo-testaceous throughout; legs and antennz concolorous;
pubescence very abundant, coarse, pale and conspicuous, densely bristling on
the head and prothorax, rather short and subdecumbent on the elytra. Head
moderate in size, semicircular behind the eyes, which are somewhat small and
scarcely at all prominent; clypeal tooth well developed, elongate and slender.
Antenne stout, rather shorter than the head and prothorax, strongly clavate,
the club gradual in formation; second joint slightly obconic, 14 longer than *
wide and as long as the next two; three to six equal in width and slightly
narrower; third and sixth distinctly, fourth slightly, wider than long; fifth
almost as long as wide; six to nine increasing evenly and rapidly in width;
seventh 14, eighth %¢, ninth and tenth fully 15, wider than long, the last two
subequal; eleventh not thicker, conoidal, rapidly pointed, the apex not dis-
tinctly oblique. Prothorax conic, the sides nearly straight, not quite as long
as wide; apex rather more than 14 as wide as the base, the latter about 1g
wider than the head; surface perfectly even. lytra stout, oval, widest near
the middle, obtusely rounded behind, 14 longer than wide, twice as long as
the prothorax and 45 wider, the sides almost evenly arcuate; humeral plica
short but distinct, oblique, the subhumeral impression short and moderately
distinct; outer fovea strong; subsutural impressions almost obsolete, the suture
at most very minutely beaded toward base. Legs rather well developed, the
femora strongly clavate, the posterior slightly less strongly so than the others.
Length 1.35-1.55 mm.; width 0.55-0.6 mm.

Pennsylvania and New York to Iowa (Iowa City).

The description is drawn from the female, but the male differs
but slightly, being a little smaller and darker in color, the elytra
uniform dark piceous-brown and with longer sparse erect sete
more evidently interspersed among the coarse recurved hairs;

the antennal differences seem to be very slight.

This species is said by LeConte to inhabit the nests of a small
black ant, but I have seen it associated also with a large brown
ant; it is probably not truly myrmecophilous, but associates itself
occasionally with ants of various species, as in the case of a very
jarge number of Coleoptera of widely diverse families.

In describing Scydmenus brevicornis, Say states that the elytra

418 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

are bright rufous, blackish at tip, and with long hairs, which
characters are quite foreign to the present species.

25. C. abducens n. sp.—Narrowly suboval, polished and impunctate,
pale rufo-testaceous throughout, the legs and antennz still paler and more
ferruginous; pubescence rather abundant, pale in color, coarse, stiff and re-
curved on theelytra. Head moderate in size, subparabolically rounded behind
the eyes, which are rather small; clypeal tooth somewhat well developed,
rounded at tip. Antenne short and stout, about as long as the head and pro-
thorax, the club very stout and almost 3-jointed; second joint obconic, only
slightly shorter than the first, about 14 longer than wide, as long as the next:
two and decidedly thicker; three to six equal in width, subequal among them-
selves and not as long as wide; seventh only just visibly thicker and nearly 14
wider than long; eighth about 1s thicker than the seventh and nearly 1g wider’
than long; ninth and tenth abruptly much wider than the eighth, subequal
and strongly transverse; eleventh stout and somewhat obliquely pointed.
Prothorax rather small and strongly conic, the sides feebly arcuate, not quite:
as long as wide; apex narrow, 44 as wide as the base, the latter 1g wider than
the head; surface perfectly even. lytra rather short, 7, longer than wide,
somewhat rapidly narrowed and acutely rounded behind, distinctly more than
twice as long as the prothorax and about 34 wider; sides rather strongly arcu-
ate before the middle; humeral plica, subhumeral and subsutural impressions-
almost obsolete, the basal foveze small, subequal. Legs rather short but not.
stout, the femora subequally and only moderately clavate. Length 1.2 mm.;
width 0.45 mm.

Pennsylvania (locality unknown).

A small species, which may be known by its pale coloration,
small and strongly conical prothorax, stiff and recurved pubes-
cence, and very stout antennal club, which is a transition toward
the purely 3-jointed form, and conclusive evidence that the pos-
session of three or four joints in the club is not even of subgeneric
importance; the group of four species here separated on that.
ground is, in fact, scarcely natural, and should rather be consid-
ered a taxonomic convenience than otherwise. In the present
species the eighth joint is intermediate in width between the
seventh and ninth, although the steps on both sides are great
and abrupt.

26. C. Luteipes no. sp.—Rather ventricose, highly polished and impunc-
tate, uniform piceous-black throughout, the legs and antenne pale flavo-testa-
ceous; pubescence rather abundant, uniform, coarse and recurved on the elytra,
pale in color. Head moderate in size, quite distinctly wider than long, circu-
larly rounded behind, the eyes small and but slightly convex; clypeal tooth
distinct, slender, gradually and finely pointed and aciculate. Antennzx quite
distinctly longer than the head and prothorax, rather slender, the club gradual

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 419

in formation; second joint obconic, 14 longer than wide, barely as long as the
next two but thicker; three to six cylindric, almost exactly equal among them-
selves and barely as long as wide; seventh 44 thicker, distinctly wider than
long; eighth 14 thicker than the seventh, 14 wider than long; ninth 1 thicker
than the eighth and fully 14 wider than long; tenth but little thicker than the
ninth, 7 wider than long, the eleventh stout, ogival at tip and not percepti-
bly oblique. Prothoraxr rather small, rapidly conic, not quite as long as wide,
the sides feebly arcuate; apex 1g as wide as the base, the latter fully 2s wider
than the head; surface perfectly even and convex throughout. E/ytra oval,
gradually and rather acutely pointed behind, *, longer than wide, more than
twice as long as the prothorax and +5 wider, widest at about basal third, the
sides broadly and evenly arcuate; humeral plica distinct, gradually evanes-
cent at some distance from the base, the subhumeral irapression somewhat
narrow but long and distinct; fovez distinct but small; suture not at all ele-
vated, the impressions wholly obsolete. Legs not very long, the femora only
moderately but subequally clavate. Length 1.25 mm.; width 0.55 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

Readily indentiafible in the small group to which it is assigned,
by the somewhat ventricose elytra, uniform black or piceous-black
color, with pale legs, slender and sharply pointed clypeal tooth
and other characters. The sex of the types cannot be discovered
without dissection.

27. C. leetulum n. sp.—Narrow and elongate-oval, highly polished and
impunctate, piceous-black, the elytra scarcely visibly rufescent; legs and an-
tennz pale rufo-ferruginous throughout; pubescence rather abundant, pale in
color, coarse and recurved on the elytra, where it is intermingled with sparse
erect tactile sete. Head rather large, slightly wider than long, subcircularly
rounded behind, the eyes small and not prominent; clypeal tooth well devel-
oped, narrow and elongate. Antenne about 14 as long as the body, not very
stout, the club rather abrupt, its joints increasing just visibly in width; second
joint very feebly obconic, rather more than 14 longer than wide, thicker and
somewhat longer than the next two; three to six equal in thickness; third,
fourth and sixth equal and quite distinctly wider than long; fifth as long as
wide; seventh 14 wider than the sixth and 4 wider than long; eighth %
thicker than the seventh, 1g wider than long, narrowed toward apex and
widest at the middle; ninth and tenth slightly wider than the eighth and
about 1, wider than long, eleventh somewhat stouter, obliquely pointed.
Prothorax about as long as wide, feebly conic, the sides slightly arcuate; apex
24 as wide as the base, the latter barely 1, wider than the head; surface per-
fectly even. Elytra narrowly oval, gradually and obtusely pointed behind,
widest only slightly before the middle, 14 longer than wide, rather more than
twice as long as the prothorax and 23 wider; sides almost evenly arcuate;
humeral plica very short and basal, not very distinct, the subhumeral impres-
sion extremely feeble; foveze distinct, the outer large and transverse; subsutural

‘impressions obsolete, the suture not beaded basally. Legs rather long, the

420 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

middle and posterior femora moderately, the anterior more strongly, clavate.
Length 1.25 mm.; width 0.5 mm.

New York (Hudson River Val.). Mr. H. H. Smith.

A small but distinct species, which may be easily identified by
its uniformly blackish color with pale legs, narrow form of body,
somewhat short and recurved pubescence of the elytra and com-
paratively large head. The single specimen before me is not ab-
solutely identifiable as to sex, but is apparently a male.

28. C. furtivum n. sp.—Narrowly and almost evenly elongate-oval, pol-
ished and impunctate, uniform pale yellowish-testaceous throughout, the legs
and antennze concolorous; pubescence rather abundant, pale in color, moderate
in length, coarse inclined and posteriorly recurved on the elytra. Head mod-
erate in size, nearly as long as wide, semicircular behind the eyes, which are
small and but slightly prominent; clypeal tooth strongly developed, parallel,
broadly rounded at tip. Antennx fully 4g as long as the body, slender, the
club long, slender and feebly differentiated, its joints increasing perceptibly in
width throughout; second feebly obconic, very nearly as long as the first, 34
longer than wide, as long as the next two and but. slightly thicker; three to
six equal in thickness and eS three and four equal and as long as wide;
five and six equal and about 4 longer than wide; seventh slightly thicker eh
as long as wide; eighth 7 thicker than the sera, subconic at apex and fully
as long as wide; eight to eleven increasing uniformly in thickness, nine and
ten similar to eight in form, as long as wide; eleven an elongate ogive in form,
scarcely oblique at apex. Prothorax feebly conic, the sides slightly arcuate,
not quite as long as wide; apex about 3¢ as wide as the base, the latter nearly
+g wider than the head; surface perfectly even. lytra evenly elongate-oval,
fully 44 longer than wide, distinctly more than twice as long as the prothorax
and 46 wider, the sides very evenly arcuate; apex narrowly obtuse; humeral
plica and subhumeral impression rather short and feeble; basal fovez distinct;
subsutural impressions obsolete, the suture not beaded. Legs well developed;
four posterior femora very moderately claret the anterior rather strongly.
Length 1.4 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

Northern Illinois. Mr. F. M. Webster.

The sex of the single type before me is not clearly determin-
able without dissection. The species may be known at once
among its few allies with coarse recurved elytral pubescence, by
its elongate and slender antennz; its pale coloration may possi-
bly be in part due to immaturity.

Only the three last of the six following species really form a
natural group, the three first, which belong structurally with
furtivum and the preceding species, being associated solely
on account of their very small size for convenience in identifica-
tion.

——_ =

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 421

29. C. comptum n. sp.—Moderately stout, highly polished and subim-
punctate, pale brownish-testaceous and unicolorous throughout, the legs and
antenne concolorous; pubescence somewhat abundant, coarse, pale in color,
rather short and recurved on the elytra. Head. moderate in size, slightly
wider than long, subcircular behind the eyes, which are rather distinct and
noticeably convex; clypeal tooth small but very obvious, obtusely rounded
andtumid. Antennz slender, evidently longer than the head and prothorax,
the club only moderately thick, gradual in formation; second joint only
slightly shorter, though distinctly narrower, than the first, feebly obconic,
rather longer than the next two and fully 14 longer than wide; three to six
almost exactly equal among themselves, cylindric and 1% wider than long;
seventh scarcely 14 wider, about 14 wider than long, cylindric; eighth nearly
1 wider than the seventh, 14 wider than long, rounded in apical third; ninth
4 wider than the eighth, only 14 wider than long; tenth slightly wider than
the ninth and much more transverse, 2g wider than long; eleventh oval, much
shorter than the two preceding and rather thicker, very obtusely ogival at
apex and slightly oblique. Prothorax conic, the sides very feebly arcuate, nearly
as long as wide; apex perceptibly more than 14 as wide as the base, the latter
nearly % wider than the head; surface perfectly even throughout. Elytra
ample, more than 7 longer than wide, fully twice as long as the prothorax
and #6 wider, somewhat acutely rounded behind, widest and with the sides
broadly and evenly arcuate well before the middle; humeral plica and attend-
ant impression small and rather feeble; foveze distinct; subsutural impressions
almost obsolete, the suture not beaded toward base. Legs moderate, the
femora distinctly clavate, the posterior more feebly. Length 1.05-1.1 mm.;
width 0.45-0.5 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

Sexual characters cannot be detected in the specimens at hand
and are probably very slight. The species can only be confounded
with humile and pallidum, but may be known from both by the
relatively larger and longer elytra and less strongly clavate an-
tenn, and, from the latter, also by its decidedly larger size.

30. C. humaile n. sp.—Subrhomboidal, not very stout, polished, the
elytra sparsely subpunctulate, bright rufo-testaceous throughout, the legs and
antennz paler but brownish; pubescence abundant, coarse, pale in color, rather
short and recurved on the elytra. Head moderate in size, slightly wider than
Jong, convex, semicircularly rounded behind, the eyes rather small and only
Slightly convex; clypeal. tooth small, broadly triangular, the clypeus carinu-
date along the middle from base to the apex of the tooth. Antennz stout, not
longer than the head and prothorax, the club strong but not abrupt; second
joint as thick as the first but shorter, obconic, 1, longer than wide, much
thicker than three to six, which are cylindric and almost exactly equal among
themselves, 144 wider than long and compactly joined; seventh scarcely 14
wider, 14 wider than long; eighth 15 wider than the seventh, abruptly nar-
rowed only at the extreme apex and 1g wider than long; joints eight to ten

429 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

increasing uniformly in width, almost similar in form; ninth 14, tenth %,
wider than long; eleventh still stouter, oval, as long as the two preceding,
ogival and feebly oblique at apex. Prothorax conic, the sides very feebly arcu-
ate, about as long as wide; apex scarcely more than 14 as wide as the base, the
latter 26 wider than the head; surface perfectly even throughout. Elytra 14
longer than wide, barely twice as long as the prothorax and about 34 wider,
widest and with the sides rather more arcuate well before the middle; apex.
somewhat acute; humeral plica narrow and pronounced, moderate in length,
the subhumeral impression rather large and conspicuous; fovez distinct; sub-
sutural impressions almost obsolete, the suture not at all beaded toward base.
Under surface pale throughout. Legs moderate, the four anterior femora
moderately, the posterior rather feebly, clavate. Length 1.0 mm.; width
0.45 mm.

District of Columbia.

The type and only specimen known to me is a female. The
Species may be known among its immediate neighbors by the
strongly clavate antenne, wholly unimpressed pronotum and
other characters.

31. C. pallidum 0n. sp.—Narrowly suboval, polished and impunctate,
rufo-testaceous throughout, the antenne concolorous, the legs still paler and
more brownish; pubescence only moderately abundant, coarse, pale in color,
rather short and recurved on the elytra. Head moderate, slightly transverse,
subcirecular behind the rather inconspicuous eyes; clypeus not visibly ridged.
along the middle, the tooth very minute, acutely triangular. Antennz slender,
rather longer than the head and prothorax, the club strong but not abrupt, its-
joints increasing in width; second joint subcylindriec, distinctly shorter and
narrower than the first, 14 longer than wide and subequal in length to the
next two; three to six distinctly narrower, subequal among themselves and
not quite as long as wide; seventh about 14 wider than the sixth, nearly 44
wider than long; eighth nearly 144 wider than the seventh, %¢ wider than long,
rounded at apex from the middle; ninth and tenth subsimilar, about 4 wider
than the eighth, 44 and % wider than long respectively; eleventh short, not
longer than wide, much shorter and somewhat stouter than the two preceding,
obtusely, rapidly ogival and scarcely at all oblique at apex; joints eight to
eleven almost uniformly increasing in width. Prothorax conic, the sides
almost straight, not longer than wide; apex 3% as wide as the base, the latter
% wider than the head; surface perfectly even throughout. Elytra nearly 7
longer than wide, barely twice as long as the prothorax and nearly *4 wider,
rather acutely rounded behind, widest near basal third, the sides almost evenly
arcuate; humeral plica small, narrow and inconspicuous, the subhumeral im-
pression small and feeble; foveze small; subsutural impressions very feeble,
the suture not or scarcely elevated near the base. Legs moderate, the anterior
femora clavate, the posterior four quite feebly so. Length 0.9 mm.; width
0.35 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 423

I have not been able to distinguish any sexual differences in
the specimens before me. This species is closely allied to humile,
but may be distinguished by its narrow form, sparser pubescence,
less developed humeral plica and impression, more slender an-
tennze and non-carinate clypeus.

32. C. amgusticolle n. sp.—Moderately stout, the hind body somewhat
inflated, polished, impunctate, pale rufo-testaceous throughout, the elytra still
paler, the legs more luteous ; pubescence abundant but short, coarse and re-
curved on the elytra, where there are also longer sparse erect setze in addition,
pale in color. Head small, not quite as long as wide, almost semicircularly
rounded behind the eyes, which are distinct and rather convex ; clypeal tooth
very minute, narrow and acute. Antenne slender, much longer than the head
and prothorax, the club slender but rather abrupt and almost parallel ; second
joint nearly as long as, and but slightly narrower than the first, feebly obconie,
nearly 34 longer than wide and about as long as the next two; three to six
equal in width and slightly narrower, cylindric ; third not quite as long as
wide ; fourth quadrate ; fifth and sixth equal and longer, 14 longer than wide;
seventh nearly 1 thicker than the sixth, not as long as wide, cylindric ; eighth
nearly 44 wider than the seventh, rounded apically, scarcely as long as wide ;
ninth and tenth equal, slightly thicker, about 14 wider than long ; eleventh
unusually elongate, fully as long as the preceding two and rather thicker,
gradually and acutely pointed and but slightly oblique at tip. Prothorax
feebly conic, the sides virtually straight, as long as wide and apparently
longer ; apex 24 as wide as the base, the latter 1g wider than the head ; surface
transversely and distinctly impressed near the basal margin, the impression in-
terrupted at the middle as usual. Elytra 24 longer than wide, about twice as
long as the prothorax and fully +4 wider, rather acute at apex and widest
near basal third ; sides evenly arcuate ; humeral plica strong, moderate in
length ; subhumeral impression large; foveze distinct; subsutural impres-
sions small but evident, oblique, the suture elevated near the base. Under
surface pale throughout, the abdomen more fulvous. Legs slender, the four
posterior femora feebly, the anterior more strongly, clavate ; tarsi slender.
Length 1.1 mm.; width 0.45 mm.

Texas (Colorado River).

The antennal tubercles in this species are quite pronounced, and,
in the depression between them and at some distance behind the
line of the antenne, there is in the male a small elongate-oval area
which is finely and closely punctate. The description applies to
the male, but the female does not differ even in antennal structure.
Two specimens.

33. C. frontale n. sp.—Rather narrowly subrhomboid-oval, polished
and impunctate, dark rufo-piceous in color, the elytra occasionally a little paler
and more rufous; antenne slightly, the legs much paler luteo-testaceous; pu-

424 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

bescence abundant, somewhat long, suberect and slightly coarse on the elytra,
rather pale in color. Head well developed, a little wider than long, circularly
rounded behind the eyes, which are somewhat small and but slightly convex ;
clypeal tooth very minute, acute. Antennex nearly 4g as long as the body,
slender, the club strongly developed and elongate but not very abrupt in
formation; second joint obconic, fully 14 longer than wide, as long as the next
two; three to six equal in width, slender, obconic, the third wider than long;
fourth as long as wide; fifth and sixth nearly equal and decidedly longer, about
Y4 longer than wide; seventh fully 1 thicker than the preceding and more
roughly sculptured, cylindric and almost as long as wide; eighth % thicker
than the seventh, about as long as wide; ninth and tenth subequal, a little
thicker than the eighth and slightly wider than long; eleventh scarcely thicker,
elongate, almost as long as the two preceding, the point ogival and slightly
oblique. Prothorax rapidly conic, the sides scarcely at all arcuate, not quite
as long as wide; apex 14 as wide as the base, the latter 14 wider than the head;
surface just visibly and very obsoletely impressed transversely near the basal
margin. Llytra oval, not very acute behind, scarcely more than 14 longer
than wide, barely twice as long as the prothorax and about 7, wider, widest
and with the sides somewhat more arcuate near basal 7; humeral plica rather
short but distinct, the subhumeral impression small and basal; foveze distinct;
subsutural impressions small and very feeble, the suture feebly elevated very
near the base. Legs slender, the two anterior femora distinctly, the four
posterior rather feebly, clavate. Abdomen black, the remainder of the under
surface dark rufo-testaceous. Length 1.0 mm.; width 0.4 mm.

Rhode Island (Boston Neck).

The male, from which the above characters are taken, differs
but little from the female, except that the penultimate joints of
the antennze appear to be a little more transverse in the latter.
Between the antennal tubercles in the male there is a subtriangu-
lar patch at the anterior margin, which is OES and strongly
punctate and more closely pubescent.

This species is abundant under fallen leaves in rather ee
woods, and may be known by its small size, minute clypeal tooth
and male sexual characters. The erect vestiture of the elytra is
nearly similar to that of the large species allied to flavitarse.
There is no distinguishable structural variation, even in size, in
the ample series before me.

34. ©. frustum n. sp.—Narrowly subrhomboidal, polished and impunc-
tate, dark piceous-brown, the elytra paler and brighter rufous throughout 5
legs and antennz pale, rufo-testaceous ; pubescence rather abundant, some-
what long, suberect and pale in color on the elytra. Head rather small, very
nearly as long as wide, subparabolic behind the eyes, which are rather well
developed and slightly prominent ; clypeal tooth very minute, broad and ob-
tusely rounded., Antenne rather slender, fully as long as the head and pro-

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 495

thorax, the club slender but abruptly formed and nearly parallel ; second joint
much shorter and distinctly narrower than the first, very feebly obconic, fully
14 longer than wide, rather longer and distinctly wider than the next two ;
three to six equal in width and cylindric ; third distinctly wider than long ;
fourth about as long as wide; fifth and sixth longer, subequal and about 14
longer than wide ; seventh scarcely more than 1< thicker than the sixth and
fully as long as wide, cylindric ; eighth fully 44 thicker than the seventh,
about as long as wide, conic in apical half; ninth only slightly wider than the
eighth, nearly 1g wider than long ; eleventh distinctly shorter than the two
preceding and somewhat thicker, acutely and somewhat obliquely pointed.
Prothorax feebly conic, the sides nearly straight, almost as long as wide ; apex
more than 14 as wide-as the base, the latter 2g wider than the head ; surface
scarcely perceptibly impressed transversely near the basal margin. Elytra 2¢
longer than wide, scarcely twice as long as the prothorax and *% wider, not
very acute at apex, widest and with the sides rather more arcuate near basal
third or fourth ; humeral plica and subhumeral impression small and feeble,
the foveze subobsolete ; subsutural impressions narrow and feeble, the suture
slightly elevated toward base. Under surface pale testaceous throughout.
Legs slender; four posterior femora feebly, the anterior more distinctly, clavate.
Length 1.0mm.; width 0.35 mm.

Florida.

This species is closely allied to frontale, but differs in its nar-
rower form, paler color, smaller head with relatively larger eyes,
and in some other details of structure. The male, which serves
as the type of the description, has the anterior margin of the
front finely and closely punctured and pubescent from side to
side between the antenne, the punctures not so large as in fron-
tale, and not confined so distinctly to a posteriorly angulate area.

35. C. integrum n. sp.—Rather stout, black, the elytra sometimes with
a feeble piceous tinge, polished, impunctate; legs and antenne dark rufo-
testaceous; pubescence abundant, coarse and pale, rather long and suberect on
the elytra. Head well developed, wider than long, circularly rounded, the
eyes moderate in size but convex and prominent; antennal tubercles subobso-
lete, the front very feebly impressed; clypeus not carinate, evenly transverse
and rectilinear at apex. Antennx long, slender, more than 14 as long as the
body, the club long, slender and only slightly abrupt; second joint feebly
obconic, 3 longer than wide, as long as the next two and much thicker; three
to six equal in width, cylindric; third and sixth scarcely as long as wide;
fourth and fifth equal and fully as long as wide; seventh 14 wider but not
much longer than the sixth, slightly wider than long; eighth 14 wider than
‘the seventh, about as long as wide; ninth and tenth 44 wider than the eighth,
about as long as wide and 14 wider than long respectively; eleventh long and
very gradually and acutely pointed, subequal to the two preceding. Prothorax
conic, the sides distinctly arcuate, not as long as wide; apex nearly 35 as wide
as the base, the latter }4 wider than the head; surface even. LElytra 75 longer

426 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

than wide, 21, times longer than the prothorax and about 34 wider, narrowly
parabolic at apex, widest at basal ?¢; sides evenly arcuate; humeral plica long
and strong, the subhumeral impression large and deep; fovez large and strong;
‘subsutural impressions narrow but deep, at basal fifth or sixth, the suture
finely beaded basally, the bead expanded at base. Legs moderate; anterior
femora strongly, the intermediate moderately, the posterior still less, clavate;
tarsi rather slender. Length 1.25 mm.; width 0.55 mm.

Ohio; Illinois.

As in many other species, the scars left by fallen hairs on the
elytra are quite distinct, but not exactly in the nature of punc-
tures. The abdomen is black with the apex pale. Sexual marks
are not discoverable.

Integrum is a distinct species in the present group because of
its larger size, black color and long antenne, but it resembles a
small femorale to some extent. The pronotum seems in certain
lights to exhibit feeble traces of the bisected transverse impression
so usual in this peculiar group of small obscure species, but it is
too faint to be at all decisive.

36. C. occidens n. sp.—Somewhat stout, polished and subimpunctate, dark
piceous, the elytra paler and more rufous ; antenne slightly, the legs much,
paler ; pubescence abundant, rather pale, long, somewhat fine and suberect
on the elytra. Head slightly wider than long, circularly rounded behind the
eyes, which are moderate and but slightly prominent ; antennal tubercles ob-
solete, the front not impressed ; clypeus very short, not carinate, asperulate,
the apical margin evenly and transversely rectilinear. Antennz but slightly
longer than the head and prothorax, slender, the club narrow and rather
gradually formed ; second joint but slightly narrower at base, stout, nearly
as wide as the first but much shorter, 1g longer than wide, not quite as long
as the next two and much thicker ; three to six equal in width ; third dis-
tinctly shorter than wide ; fourth as long as wide ; fifth and sixth very slightly
longer and equal ; seventh only just visibly wider, fully as long as the sixth
and about as long as wide ; eighth #£ wider than the seventh, rounded at apex,
as long as wide ; ninth and tenth subequal in width, neary 1g wider than the .
eighth, almost as long as wide and 14 wider than long respectively ; eleventh
not thicker, elongate, very nearly as long as the two preceding, gradually and
acutely conic and oblique from near basal third. Prothorax conic, the sides
feebly arcuate, fully as long as wide ; apex 36 as wide as the base, the latter
14 wider than the head; surface perfectly even and unimpressed. Elytra %
longer than wide, twice as long as the prothorax and %4 wider ; sides broadly
and evenly arcuate ; humeral plica narrow, oblique and rather short but strong ;
subhumeral impression short and shallow ; inner fovea distinct, the outer very
feeble ; subsutural impressions obsolete, the suture not elevated or beaded.
Legs well developed, the tarsi slender ; four anterior femora rather strongly,
the posterior feebly, clavate. Length 1.2 mm.; width 0.55 mm.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. AQT

California (San Bernardino Co.). Mr. H. C. Fall.

The basal segment of the abdomen is simple and normal
throughout, and the single type before me is a male, as shown by
the protruded tip of the copulatory spicule, but there are no ex-
ternal sexual marks.

The individual lenses of the eyes are very feeble and widely
separated posteriorly, but convex and subcontiguous anteriorly.
The gradually acutely conical apex of the eleventh antennal joint.
is a peculiarity which I have not noticed elsewhere.

37. C. amale Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 153 (Seydme-
nus).

Rather narrowly suboval, polished and impunctate, dark rufo-
testaceous, the antennz concolorous and the legs rather paler;
pubescence abundant, suberect but rather short, coarse, pale,
mingled with longer remote setz and conspicuous on the elytra,
Head but slightly wider than long, subcircularly rounded behind,

the eyes rather small but convex; antennal prominences almost

obsolete, the front scarcely impressed ; clypeus simple, evenly
rectilinear at apex. Antenne slender, about } as longas the body,
the club narrow, somewhat incrassate and but slightly abrupt;
second joint stout, obconic, 2 longer than wide; three to six

equal in width; third not as long as wide; fourth quadrate; fifth

fully +, and sixth just visibly, longer than wide; seventh scarcely
longer than the sixth and only just visibly wider, very slightly

elongate; eighth 2 wider, a little longer than wide; ninth and

tenth not distinctly wider, rather longer than wide and as long as
wide respectively ; eleventh rather stouter and obliquely pointed
but not quite as long as the two preceding. Prothorax rather
feebly conic, the apex about 2 as wide as the base, which is not
more than + wider than the head; surface without trace of basal
impression. Elytra 2 longer than wide, rather more than twice

as long as the prothorax and not more than ? wider, oval, nar-

rowly parabolic at apex; humeral plica short and narrow, the
impression small; fovez small; subsutural impressions obsolete,

the suture perfectly simple and not in the least beaded toward

base. Abdomen with the basal segment perfectly normal and un-
modified. Legs moderate, the femora rather strongly clavate;

tarsi slender and filiform. Length 1.15 mm.; width 0.48 mm.

Louisiana and Texas (Austin). This species, together with

wentricosum and digressum, is quite aberrant, for, with the per-

428 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

fectly simple first segment, broadly obtuse abdominal process and
subequal four basal joints of the tarsi, characterizing the greater
number of species, the male has the terminal tibial spur, which is.
so essentially characteristic a feature in the capillosulum group,
and, except in these three species, unknown elsewhere in the
genus.

The description above given is taken from a Louisiana female,
and the series from Austin, Texas, before me, agrees fairly well;
in this series the male differs from the female in being slightly
stouter. The spur of the hind tibiz in the male is slender and
not quite half as long as the tarsus. As in many other species
the abdomen is dusky, becoming paler.toward tip.

38. C. ventricosumi n. sp.—Rather stout and conspicuously ventricose,
polished, impunctate, pale rufo-testaceous throughout the body, legs and an-
tenn; pubescence moderate in abundance, coarse, suberect, pale, rather re-
curved and mingled with longer and more erect sparse setze on the elytra.
Head orbicular, nearly as long as wide, subcircular behind, the eyes quite:
small and only slightly convex; front not appreciably concave; clypeus short,
asperulate, with the apical margin perfectly simple and rectilinear. Antennx
slender, with a narrow and rather gradually formed club, distinctly longer
than the head and prothorax; second joint large though slightly shorter and
thinner than the first, feebly obconic, 35 longer than wide, rather longer than
the next two and much thicker; three to six equal in width; third distinctly
shorter than wide; sixth quadrate; fourth slightly, and fifth distinctly, longer
than wide; seventh about 14 wider and longer than the sixth, swollen at apex,
as long as wide; eighth scarcely ?¢ wider, fully as long as wide; ninth and
tenth almost exactly equal, nearly 14 wider than the preceding and about as.
long as wide; eleventh stouter, very obliquely pointed, not quite as long as.
the two preceding. Prothorax rather small, feebly conic, the sides distinctly
arcuate, not quite as long as wide; apex fully % as wide as the base, which is
not more than 14 wider than the head; surface perfectly even and convex.
Elytra inflated, 1g longer than wide, a little more than twice as long as the
prothorax and very nearly twice as wide, widest only slightly before the mid-
dle; sides arcuate; humeral plica small but distinct, the adjacent impression
rather small but very evident; foveze distinct; subsutural impressions subobso-
lete, the suture completely unmodified at any part. Abdomen dusky, pale at
apex, the first segment perfectly normal. Legs well developed; femora rather
strongly clavate, particularly the anterior pair; hind tarsi long and slender,
with the joints decreasing very slowly in length to the fourth. Length 1.25.
mm.; width 0.5 mm. |

Texas (Columbus and Galveston).
The male, which serves for the above description, has a slender,
simple and straight spur projecting obliquely from the apex of

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 429

the hind tibize and not quite half as long as the tarsus. The re-
marks given under the description of anale,as to the aberrant
nature of this spur in the present section of the genus, apply
equally here. :

Ventricosum is closely related to anale, but differs in its more
inflated elytra and sparser elytral vestiture. Three specimens.

39. C. hirtellum Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 152,
(Seydmezenus).

Suboval, moderately stout, polished and subimpunctate, pale
rufo-ferruginous throughout, the legs and antenne concolorous;
pubescence rather abundant, pale, short, coarse and recurved on
the elytra. Head transversely oval, subcircular behind, the eyes
not prominent; clypeus not elevated along the middle, the ante-
rior margin even and rectilinear. Antenne quite distinctly longer
than the head and prothorax, the club strong but not very abrupt;
second joint obconic, much shorter and thinner than the first, $
longer than wide, as long as the next two and but slightly thicker ;
three to six almost exactly equal, quadrate; seventh a little wider,
not quite as long as wide; eighth nearly $ wider than the seventh,
scarcely + wider than long; ninth and tenth similar in form to
the eighth but a little wider; eleventh rather stouter, almost as
long as the two preceding, obtusely ogival and but slightly
oblique at apex; antenne throughout clothed with unusually
coarse sparse hairs. Prothorax strongly conic, not quite as long
as wide, the sides feebly arcuate; apex 2 as wide as the base, the
latter 2 wider than the head; surfaceeven. Elytra 2 longer than
wide, distinctly more than twice as long as the prothorax and 4
wider, widest before the middle, the sides evenly arcuate from
base to apex, the latter not acute; humeral plica and impression
rather small; subsutural impressions obsolete, the suture simple.
Legs well developed, the anterior femora strongly, the four pos-
terior less strongly, clavate. Length 1.85 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

Georgia and Alabama. The specimen above described is a male
and the cedeagus is completely extended. This is large and bulb-
ous at base, turned strongly upward, the apex becoming laminate
and produced at the middle in a slender corneous process, which
is minutely but abruptly dilated at tip, the latter truncate; there
are also two shorter lateral lobes which are acute and directed
obliquely inward to a slight extent, each bearing at apex a long
and excurvate seta which projects beyond the central spicule.

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., IX, April, 1897.—29.

430 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

This species may be distinguished in the present group by its
somewhat large size, ample elytra and other characters.

40. C. decorum n. sp.—Somewhat stout, polished, subimpunctate, pale
brownish-testaceous throughout, the legs and antennz similar in color but
paler from diaphaneity; pubescence abundant, pale in color, rather coarse,
only moderate in length and recurved on the elytra. Head rather well de-
veloped, much wider than long, subcircularly rounded behind the eyes, which
are moderate in size but somewhat convex and distinct; clypeus carinate along
the middle but devoid of any trace of marginal tooth. <Antennx but little
longer than the head and prothorax, slender, the club rather strong but gradual
in formation, the eighth joint intermediate; second joint rather narrow, much
shorter and thinner than the first, 24 longer than wide, cylindric, narrowed at
base, rather longer than the next two ; three to six equal in width ; third and
fourth equal and about as long as wide, slightly narrower than the second ;
fifth a little longer, barely longer than wide ; sixth quadrate ; seventh only
very slightly wider, cylindric, as long as wide; eighth nearly 144 wider than
the seventh, rounded in apical 7g, very nearly as long as wide ; ninth 14 wider
than the eighth, 14 wider than long, fully as wide as the tenth, which is 14
wider than long ; eleventh scarcely thicker, not quite as long as the two pre-
ceding, obtuse and but slightly oblique at apex. Prothorax strongly conic, the
sides somewhat arcuate ; apex a little more than 14 as wide as the base, the
latter nearly 1g wider than the head; surface perfectly even and convex
throughout. lytra scarcely 7g longer than wide, twice as long as the pro-
thorax and 44 wider, not very acute at apex, widest before the middle but
with the sides very broadly and evenly arcuate ; humeral plica short and
feeble, the subhumeral impression very small and inconspicuous ; inner fovea
small but distinct, the outer indefinite ; subsutural impressions completely
obsolete, the suture not beaded basally. Legs rather short, the anterior femora
distinctly, the four posterior quite feebly, clavate. Length 1.2 mm. ; width
0.5 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

The sex of the type is not discoverable at present, but the
species may be readily known by its uniform pale coloration,
carinate clypeus, unimpressed pronotum and other characters.
Two specimens.

Decorum is allied rather closely to hirtellum but differs in its
smaller size, more slender antenne with relatively fully as stout
but shorter and more gradually formed club, shorter elytra and
more slender legs.

41. C. digressuma n. sp.—Moderately stout and somewhat ventricose,
polished, impunctate, dark rufo-testaceous, the elytra and legs but slightly
paler ; tarsi flavate as usual ; pubescence abundant but quite short, coarse, re-

curved, pale and conspicuous on the elytra, where it is even and not mixed with
longer setz. Head well developed, orbicular, but slightly wider than long,

iow
Bee.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 431

subcircular behind, the eyes rather small and not prominent ; front not at all
impressed; clypeus feebly asperulate, perfectly even and transversely rectilinear
at apex. Antennx slender, the club narrow and quite gradual in formation,
distinctly longer than the head and prothorax; second joint distinctly obconic,
much shorter and slightly narrower than the first, 44 longer than wide, as
long as the next two and much thicker ; three to six equal in thickness; third
and fourth subequal and distinctly shorter than wide ; fifth slightly elongate,
the sixth quadrate ; seventh only very slightly wider and distinctly wider
than long ; eighth scarcely 2, wider than the seventh, about as long as wide ;
ninth and tenth nearly 14 wider, 4% and 44 wider than long respectively,
eleventh very gradually, conically and obliquely pointed, rather stouter than
the two preceding and nearly as long, paler in color. Prothorax rather feebly
conic, the sides slightly arcuate, not as long as wide ; apex fully 35 as wide as
the base, the latter scarcely more than 14 wider than the head ; surface per-
fectly even and without trace of impression. /lytra scarcely 13 longer than
wide, much more than twice as long as the prothorax and fully +5 wider,
widest well before the middle, the sides broadly arcuate ; humeral plica
moderate in length, distinct ; subhumeral impression rather well developed ;
foveze small; subsutural impressions subobsolete, the suture very faintly
beaded near the immediate base. Abdomen perfectly simple at base, the
process broadly obtuse. Legs rather slender, the femora moderately clavate,
the anterior pair more strongly; tarsi slender, with the joints decreasing very
gradually in length. Length 1.2 mm.; width 0.55 mm.

California (Pomona, Los Angeles Co.). Mr. H. C. Fall.

The single male type before me has a somewhat slender and
contorted spur projecting obliquely from the tip of the hind tibiz,
and distinctly less than half as long as the tarsus. This species
is related to anale and ventricosum, but differs from both in the
shorter and more recurved pubescence of the elytra unmixed with
longer erect hairs.

42. C. setiger n. sp.—Moderately stout, polished and impunctate, rufo-
testaceous, the elytra paler and brighter red though obscure at base ; legs and
antennze paler testaceous ; pubescence abundant, coarse, pale in color and
conspicuous, moderately long but recurved on the elytra, where there are long
Sparse and erect tactile sete interspersed, which are conspicuous on the flanks.
Head rather small, nearly as long as wide, parabolic behind the eyes, which
are somewhat small and but feebly convex ; antennal tubercles large and
feeble ; the front very feebly impressed ; clypeus flat, somewhat asperately
punctulate, evenly transverse and rectilinear at apex. Antennz slender, very
nearly 14 as long as the body, the club narrow but somewhat abrupt ; second
joint feebly obconic, 14 longer than wide, as long as the next two and much
thicker ; three to six equal in width and cylindric; third and fourth equal
and nearly as long as wide ; fifth fully as long as wide ; sixth distinctly wider
than long ; seventh 14 wider, cylindric, not quite as long as wide; eighth %
wider than the seventh, cylindric, as long as wide ; ninth and tenth conic at

432 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

apex, 1s wider than the eighth, as long as wide and |4 wider than long re-
spectively ; eleventh long, gradually pointed, nearly as long as the two pre-
ceding. rothorax conic, the sides nearly straight, about as long as wide ;
apex 14 as wide as the base, the latter 7g wider than the head ; surface per-
fectly even and convex. Llytra %¢ longer than wide, more than twice as long
as the prothorax and +5 wider, acutely rounded at apex, widest near basal
third ; sides almost evenly arcuate ; humeral plica long, strong and conspicu-
ous, the subhumeral impression rather narrow but deep and unusually long,
extending by varying reflection through almost basal fourth ; inner fovea
strong, the outer obsolete ; subsutural impressions narrow and feeble, the
suture very feebly elevated basally, the bead not expanded at base. Legs
rather slender, the femora all moderately clavate. Length 1.15 mm.; width
0.5 mm.

Texas (Houston).

The bright coloration, conspicuous pale pubescence, with the
long sparse sete of the elytra and elongate subhumeral impres-
sion, are characters which will render the identification of this
species quite certain. The sex of the unique example before me
is not apparent.

43 ©. divisum Schz.—Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XVII, 1878, p. 357 (Seyd—
menus )-

Moderately stout, polished, the anterior parts impunctate;
elytra with coarse and sparse punctures in about basal half, ex-
cept broadly along the summit of the flanks, where they disap-
pear; body dark rufo-testaceous in color, the legs paler and
brownish; antennz dark red-brown; pubescence moderately
abundant, coarse and pale, rather long and suberect on the elytra.
Head well developed, wider than long, the eyes large and promi-
nent; front obtusely impressed between the large and feeble an-
tennal tubercles; clypeus not modified, the apical margin even
and transversely rectilinear. Antenne a little longer than the
head and prothorax, rather stout, the club elongate, subparallel
and not very abrupt; second joint obconic, $ longer than wide,
not as long as the next two but thicker; three to six equal in
width and cylindric; three, four and six equal, slightly longer
than wide; fifth still longer, + longer than wide; seventh 4
thicker and more roughly sculptured, fully as long as wide;
eighth nearly $ wider than the seventh, almost as long as wide ;
ninth and tenth equal in width and but slightly thicker than the
eighth, + and 4 wider than long respectively; eleventh large,
thicker, rather longer than the two preceding, gradually oblique

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 433

and very acutely pointed. Prothorax conic, distinctly shorter
than wide; apex 2 as wide as the base, the latter + wider than the
head ; surface feebly, transversely impressed near the basal mar-
gin. Elytra 2 longer than wide, twice as long as the prothorax
but scarcely 2 wider, the sides broadly, evenly arcuate; humeral
plica rather short but strong, the impression short and deep;
fovee distinct; subsutural impressions narrow and feeble, the
suture very feebly, finely and imperfectly beaded basally, the
head not expanded at base. Legs moderate, the femora rather
‘strongly and subequally clavate. Length 1.15 mm.; width 0.5
mm.

Florida (Enterprise)—Mr. Schwarz. The sex of the specimen
described above is not determinable. This species though allied
in general structure to innocuum and conifer, may be separated
at once, not only from them but every other species of the genus,
by the peculiar coarse punctuation of the elytra.

44. C. testaceipes n. sp.—Rather stout, polished and impunctate, black
throughout or with a slight piceous tinge; legs and antennz pale, rufo-tes-
taceous; pubescence rather abundant, short, coarse, pale and recurved on the
elytra. Head well developed, much wider than long, broadly rounded behind,
the eyes unusually large and prominent, extending behind the middle; front
distinctly impressed between the antennal tubercles; clypeus not at all cari-
nate, evenly rectilinear at apex. Antenne distinctly longer than the head and
prothorax, somewhat slender but with the club strong, subparallel and slightly
abrupt; second joint feebly obconic, 75 longer than wide, much thicker and
slightly longer than the next two, only slightly thinner than the first; next
four smooth, equal in width, cylindric; third and fourth equal and as long as
wide; fifth just visibly longer; sixth quadrate; seventh slightly rough, cylin-
dric, fully 4 wider than the sixth and not as long as wide; eighth fully 7
wider than the seventh, rounded in nearly apical half, almost as long as wide;
ninth and tenth equal, barely 14 wider than the eighth and but slightly wider
‘than long; eleventh somewhat thicker, as long as the preceding two, pointed.
Prothorax small, conic, not quite as long as wide, the sides feebly arcuate;
apex about 14 as wide as the base, the latter scarcely 14 wider than the head;
surface distinctly impressed transversely near the basal margin, the impression
subinterrupted in the middle as usual. Elytra 1g longer than wide, more than
twice as long as the prothorax and nearly twice as wide, widest at basal 7;
-sides evenly arcuate, the apex acutely rounded; humeral plica long and strong,
the subhumeral impression strong and well developed; foveze distinct; sub-
sutural impressions narrow but long, strong and parallel, the suture strongly
beaded basally. Legs well developed, the tarsi slender, with the first four
joints of the posterior subequal; anterior femora strongly, the other four feebly,
clavate. Length 1.0 mm.; width 0.45 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

be a

434 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

This distinct form somewhat resembles castaneum and triviale,
but is stouter and with the basal segment of the abdomen almost
perfectly normal at apex. It differs from both in its large and
prominent eyes, obese form and black color, and, from ériviale, also.
in the strong humeral plicaand impression. The typeis probably
a male.

45. C.imerme n. sp.—Stout, highly polished and subimpunctate, piceous-—
black, the elytra rufous throughout ; legs and antennz pale, testaceous ; pu-
bescence rather abundant, pale, coarse, moderately long, even in length and
but slightly recurved on the elytra. Head only moderate in size, strongly
transverse, subcircular behind the eyes, which are large and prominent, extend--
ing distinctly behind the middle ; front impressed between the rather approxi-
mate antennal prominences ; clypeus even, the apical edge perfectly even and
very feebly sinuate throughout the width. Antenne a little longer than the
head and prothorax, slender, the club long, narrow and rather gradually
formed ; second joint feebly obconic, 14 longer than wide, as long as the next.
two and thicker ; three to six equal in width, cylindric and smooth ; three,
four and six equal and fully as long as wide, the fifth a little longer ; seventh
4 wider, as long as wide ; eighth nearly 34 wider than the seventh, almost as
long as wide; ninth and tenth equal, scarcely perceptibly wider than the
eighth and nearly as long as wide; eleventh rather stouter, gradually and
very obliquely pointed, very nearly as long as the two preceding. Prothoraa
small, conic, the sides feebly arcuate, distinctly shorter than wide ; apex 3% as:
wide as the base, the latter 14 wider than the head ; surface feebly and trans-
versely biimpressed near the basal margin. Llytra fully 1g longer than wide,
21g times as long as the prothorax and nearly twice as wide ; sides evenly
arcuate ; humeral plica and adjacent impression long, strong and very con-
spicuous ; foveze distinct ; subsutural impressions evident, the suture strongly
beaded toward base. Legs slender ; anterior femora rather strongly, the
intermediate less and the posterior feebly, clavate ; tarsi slender, the first four
joints of the posterior subequal. Length 1.0 mm. ; width 0.45 mm.

Massachusetts.

The first abdominal segment in the unique type is rather thickly
but simply pubescent, with the posterior margin broadly arcuate
and overlapping the second but without a visible fringe or coria-
ceous margin; the sex is not determinable.

In its general form, large eyes and small prothorax this species:
closely resembles testacetpes, differing in the ‘coloration of the
body, in its slightly more slender and less incrassate antennal
club, and rather sparser and longer elytral vestiture.

46. C. innocuum n. sp.—Stout polished and impunctate, blackish-
piceous, the elytra paler and dark rufo-testaceous throughout ; legs and an-
tenn still paler, testaceous ; pubescence rather abundant, pale, coarse, sub-

3
.
J
‘

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 435

erect and somewhat long on the elytra. Head wider than long, moderate in
size, subparabolic behind the eyes, which are well developed and prominent ;
antennal prominences distinct, the front feebly depressed between them ;
clypeus not carinate, evenly rectilinear at apex. Antenne a little longer than
the head and prothorax, slender, the club long, subparallel and to some degree
gradual in formation ; second joint about as thick as the first but shorter, ob-
conic, fully 44 longer than wide, as long as the next two and much thicker ;
three to six equal in diameter, cylindric ; third fully as long as wide ; fourth
a little shorter ; fifth barely as long as wide, the sixth distinctly wider than
long ; seventh nearly 1g wider than the sixth, cylindric, wider than long ;
eighth ?¢ wider than the seventh ; ninth and tenth but little wider than the
eighth; eight to ten subsimilarin form and about 1g wider than long; eleventh
scarcely thicker, as long as the two preceding, obliquely and acutely pointed.
Prothorax strongly conic, the sides somewhat arcuate, very nearly as long as
wide ; apex 14 as wide as the base, the latter 26 wider than the head ; surface
very feebly, transversely impressed near the basal margin. i/ytra short, about
VY longer than wide, twice as long as the prothorax and scarcely 34 wider,
almost evenly oval, widest only slightly before the middle ; sides strongly and
almost evenly arcuate throughout ; apex rather obtuse ; humeral plica long
and strong, the impression well developed ; fovez distinct ; subsutural im-
pressions long and distinct, the suture broadly beaded toward base. Legs
slender, the four anterior femora moderately, the posterior feebly, clavate ;
tarsi slender. Length 1.0 mm.; width 0.45 mm.

Central Illinois. Mr. F. M. Webster.

The first ventral segment is almost normal, having merely a
slightly more developed coriaceous hind margin than the suc-
ceeding segments. The sex of the single type is not determin-
able.

This species differs from cas‘aneum in its shorter elytra, more
elongate and larger prothorax, still larger and more coarsely
faceted eves, smaller head impressed between the antennal promi-
nences, and in numerous other characters of minor importance.
The eyes are not so large as in festaceipes, and the prothorax is
relatively much larger than in that species or inerme ; the body is
much more obese than in ¢friviale.

47. C. conifer nu. sp.—Rather stout, polished, subimpunctate, dark rufo-
piceous, the elytra bright red; legs and antennz pale brownish-testaceous;
pubescence abundant, pale, coarse, long and suberect on the elytra. Head
well developed, wider than long, broadly parabolic behind the eyes, which are
somewhat large and prominent, extending slightly behind the middle; front
impressed between the antennal prominences; clypeus flat and simple, the
apical edge perfectly even and just visibly sinuate throughout. Antenne rather
longer than the head and prothorax, the club long and subparallel but some-
what abrupt; second joint thick, obconic, 7g longer than wide, barely as long

436 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

as the next two and decidedly thicker; three to six equal in width and cylin-
dric, about as long as wide, the fifth very little longer; seventh scarcely 4
wider, quadrate; eighth 14 wider than the seventh, conic in apical 7¢, fully as
long as wide; ninth and tenth equal, 14 wider than the eighth, very nearly as
long as wide; eleventh rather thicker, oval, gradually and obliquely pointed,
nearly as long as the two preceding. Prothorax strongly conic, the sides al-
most straight; apex 44 as wide as the base, the latter 14 wider than the head;
surface narrowly and obsoletely impressed transversely near the basal margin.
Elytra 75 longer than wide, fully twice as long as the prothorax and about 34
wider, oval, widest at basal ?g but with the sides broadly and very evenly
arcuate; apex narrowly rounded; surface feebly and sparsely punctulate;
humeral plica and adjacent impression long and strongly developed; fovez
distinct, rather approximate; subsutural impressions narrow and quite distinct
but very near the base, the included part of the suture very feebly elevated but
not at all beaded. Legs rather stout, the four anterior femora moderately
strongly and equally, the two posterior less strongly, clavate; tarsi moderately
stout, the first four joints of the posterior equal. Length 1.0 mm.; width
0.45 mm.

Florida.

The first abdominal segment is simple, but with the coriaceous
hind margin somewhat distinct. The sex of the type example is
indeterminate.

This species resembles innocuum, but differs in its longer and
more erect elytral pubescence, still larger eyes and in the com-
plete absence of the coarse and conspicuous sutural bead of that
species.

48. C. castaneumi n. sp.—Moderately stout, polished and impunctate,
dark castaneous to blackish throughout, the legs and antennz pale and
brownish-testaceous ; pubescence abundant, pale in color, rather coarse but
short and recurved on the elytra. Head moderate, wider than long, cir-
cularly rounded behind the eyes, which are rather well developed and convex
but anterior as usual ; antennal prominences completely obsolete, the front
not in the least impressed; clypeus perfectly even, the apical margin transverse
and rectilinear. Antennz distinctly longer than the head and prothorax, the
club strong but somewhat gradual in formation ; second joint but slightly
smaller than the first, thicker and rather longer than the next two, cylindric
and % longer than wide ; three to six equal in width ; third and fourth equal
and distinctly wider than long; fifth and sixth subequal and slightly longer
but not quite as long as wide ; seventh 1s thicker than the sixth, cylindric, 14
wider than long ; eighth 14 wider than the seventh, slightly wider than long ;
ninth nearly 144 wider than the eighth, about as wide as the tenth, these 4
and 1, wider than long respectively ; eleventh rather thicker, distinctly
shorter than the two preceding, obtusely ogival and slightly oblique at apex.
Prothorax rather small, conic, distinctly shorter than wide, the sides nearly
straight ; apex 3% as wide as the base, the latter 14 wider than the head ; sur-

Coleopterolugical Notices, VII. 437

face feebly, transversely impressed near the basal margin. Elytra scarcely
more than 1g longer than wide, distinctly more than twice as long as the pro-
thorax and about +5 wider, widest well before the middle, the sides evenly
arcuate ; apex rather acute; humeral plica long and strong, the subhumeral
impression correspondingly distinct; fovez distinct ; subsutural impressions
feeble but evident, suture somewhat beaded toward base. Legs well developed,
the two anterior femora strongly, the other four feebly, clavate. Length
1.0-1.1mm.; width 0.4-0.45 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

The basal segment of the abdomen is broadly arcuate at apex
and somewhat elevated above the general level as in the second
subdivision of the genus, with which however the present species
cannot be placed because of tarsal structure. In the type, as-
sumed to be the male, this segment is densely clothed with long
submembranous hairs throughout. The female is smaller, darker
and more slender than the male and has the pubescence of the
first segment normal.

This species may be known by its small and transversely im-
pressed pronotum, strong humeral plica and abdominal structure.

49. C. triviale n. sp.—Rather narrowly suboval, polished, subimpunc-
tate, dark rufo-testaceous throughout, the legs and antennz still paler ; pu-
bescence moderately abundant, pale, rather coarse, moderate in length and
recurved on the elytra. Head slightly wider than long, subparabolic behind
the eyes, which are rather small and but slightly prominent ; antennal promi-
nences very feeble, the surface not noticeably impressed between them ;
clypeus not carinate, short, rectilinearly truncate. Antennx a little longer
than the head and prothorax, rather slender, the club long but slender and
-quite gradual in formation ; second joint feebly obconic, as long as the next
two and thicker, 14 longer than wide; next four equal in width; third and
fourth equal and slightly wider than long; fifth and sixth equal and very
nearly as long as wide ; seventh scarcely 14 wider, cylindric, very little wider
than long ; eighth 7, wider than the seventh, rounded at the sides, conoidal
only at apex, very nearly as long as wide; ninth and tenth almost exactly
equal, 1g wider than the eighth, less than 1g wider than long ; eleventh rather
stouter, elongate, gradually and acutely pointed and slightly oblique at apex,
as long as the two preceding. Prothorax conic with slightly arcuate sides, not
‘quite as long as wide ; apex 34 as wide as the base, the latter about-1g wider
than the head ; surface feebly, transversely impressed near the basal margin.
Elytra almost evenly oval and widest only slightly before the middle, barely
% longer than wide, obviously more than twice as long as the prothorax and
34 wider ; sides evenly arcuate; apex rather narrowly rounded ; humeral
plica short and basal, the impression correspondingly short ; fovez distinct ;
‘subsutural impressions narrow, long and rather distinct, the suture beaded
basally, the bead rapidly expanded at base. J.egs slender, the anterior femora

438 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

rather strongly, the other four feebly, clavate ; tarsi slender. Length 0.95
mm. ; width 0.35 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

The first abdominal segment in the type is large, arcuate at.
apex and extends slightly over the second segment as in the second
section of the genus; itis sparsely and inconspicuously pubescent,.
but the apical margin is fringed with a laminate porrect and mem-
branous border which seems to be split into narrow scale-like
pieces. The first four tarsal joints are subequal in length. The
sex of the type is undetermined.

This species is allied to castaneum, differing in its rather smaller
size, paler color, more slender antennal club, and especially in
abdominal structure and in its much shorter and less conspicuous.
humeral plica and impression.

50. C. osculams n. sp.—Narrowly suboval, highly polished and impunc-
tate, pale flavo-testaceous throughout the body, legs and antennz; pubescence: -
only moderately abundant, coarse, pale, short, even ai! recurved on the elytra.
Head rather sniall, but slightly wider than long, broadly rounded at base, the-
tempora obtusely subangulate; eyes moderately large, slightly prominent, not
extending to the middle; antennal prominences strong, rather approximate,
separated by a pronounced depression; clypeus even, transversely rectilinear
at apex. Antennz slender, longer than the head and prothorax, the club slen-
der and very gradual in formation; second joint subcylindric, about 4 longer
than wide, as long asthe next two and slightly thicker; three to six equal in
width, cylindric; three, four and five equal and quadrate; six perceptibly
shorter, not as long as wide; seventh much larger, 7g wider and longer than:
the sixth, not as long as wide, forming an even transition to the eighth, which:
is 76 wider than the seventh and nearly as long as wide, conic at apex; ninth
and tenth equal in width and nearly 14 wider than the eighth, 4 and 14 wider
than long respectively; eleventh nearly as long as the two preceding and rather
thicker, gradually pointed in a slightly oblique ogive. Prothorax conic with
feebly arcuate sides, not quite as long as wide; apex 34 as wideas the base, the-
latter 14 wider than the head; surface feebly, transversely biimpressed near
the basal margin. Elytra % longer than wide, twice as long as the prothorax
and nearly 34 wider, rather acutely rounded at apex, widest only slightly be-
fore the middle, the sides rather more strongly arcuate there than toward base
and apex; humeral plica narrow but strong and somewhat elongate, the im-
pression well marked but small; fovese approximate, rather deep; subsutural
impressions distinct, the suture strongly beaded basally, the bead expanded at
base. Legs moderate; anterior femora rather strongly, the intermediate less.
and the posterior feebly, clavate; tarsi slender. Length 0.8 mm.; width 0.35
mm.

Rhode Island ( Boston Neck ).

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 439)

The sex of the single individual before me cannot be determin-
ed at present. The pale color of the type may be in part due to
immaturity.

_ This species may be readily known by its minute size, very
gradual antennal club and small head with deep frontal impres-
sion, as well as by its impressed pronotum.

51. C. pyramidale Lec.—‘ New Species Col.,’’ Sm. Mise. Col. 167, p.
27 (Scydmenus).

Narrowly suboval, polished, subimpunctate, the elytra sparsely
and obsoletely punctulate ; integuments pale brownish-testaceous
throughout, the legs and antennze concolorous; pubescence
abundant, pale, coarse, short, recurved and nearly even on the
elytra. Head well developed, semicircular behind the eyes, which
are only moderate in size and not prominent ; front not impressed;
clypeus even, the apical margin transversely rectilinear. Anten-
nz scarcely longer than the head and prothorax, stout, the club
strong but gradually formed; second joint cylindric, nearly 4
longer than wide, longer than the next two but not visibly thicker ;
three to six equal and transverse, nearly twice as wide as long;
seventh a little wider and fully twice as wide as long; eighth
scarcely } wider than the seventh, ? wider than long; ninth and
tenth equal, nearly 2 wider than the eighth and 2 wider than long ;
eleventh somewhat thicker, pointed, scarcely as long as the two
preceding. Prothorax strongly conic; apex scarcely more than
4 as wide as the base, the latter nearly 2 wider than the head;
surface obviously and transversely impressed near the basal mar-
gin. Elytra 2 longer than wide, fully twice as long as the pro-
thorax and about 4 wider, acutely rounded at apex, widest behind
basal third; humeral plica rather short but strong, the adjacent
impression distinct but small and narrow; inner fovea alone
visible ; subsutural impressions very narrow and almost obsolete,
the suture very finely elevated basally, the bead not at all ex-
panded at base. Legs slender, the femora only moderately and
subequally clavate. Length 0.8 mm.; width 0.3 mm.

Alabama and Florida. A very minute species, recognizable by

the short antennal joints, feebly punctulate elytra, subobsolete
impressions near the elytral suture and other characters. The
sex of the individual described is not known.

52. C. oregonense n. sp.—Rather narrowly subrhomboid-oval, polished
and subimpunctate, pale rufo-testaceous throughout, the legs and antennze

440 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

‘concolorous ; elytral suture narrowly blackish ; pubescence rather abundant,
coarse, pale, very short and closely recurved on the elytra, without longer
bristles. Head well developed, much wider than long, circularly rounded
behind ; eyes rather large, convex and prominent, extending to the middle ;
antennal prominences subobsolete ; clypeus simple, asperulate, with an evenly
rectilinear and transverse apical margin. Antennx slender, much longer than
the head and prothorax, the club narrow and gradual in formation ; second
joint obconic, fully 44 longer than wide, fully as long as the next two and
much thicker ; three to six almost equal among themselves, cylindric and
about as long as wide, the third very slightly the shortest ; seventh }< thicker,
subglobular, about as long as wide ; eighth nearly 14 thicker than the seventh,
conic in apical third, subglobular, about as long as wide ; ninth and tenth
equal in form and size, about 14 wider than the eighth, scarcely 14 wider than
long ; eleventh large, decidedly stouter, fully as long as the two preceding,
oval, gradually and acutely ogival and oblique toward tip. Prothorax feebly
conic, with the sides nearly straight, about as long as wide ; apex truncate
and fully 25 as wide as the base, the latter scarcely more than 14 wider than
the head ; surface very obsoletely biimpressed transversely near the basal mar-
gin. lytra almost 44 longer than wide, distinctly more than twice as long as
the prothorax and nearly 34 wider, widest and with the sides somewhat more
arcuate near basal third ; apex narrowly subtruncate and rounded ; humeral
plica narrow but somewhat long and strong, the adjacent impression rather
narrow and small but distinct ; inner fovea feeble, the outer almost obsolete ;
subsutural impressions narrow but rather distinct, the suture feebly and finely
elevated basally but not distinctly beaded. Legs well developed; anterior
femora rather strongly, the other four distinctly less although somewhat
strongly, clavate ; tarsi filiform. Length 1.15 mm.; width 0.4 mm.

Oregon (Huntington). Mr. Wickham. !

The first ventral segment is large but simple and not fringed,
the apical margin broadly arcuate and widely overlapping the
second segment. No sexual characters are observable in the
unique type. The species may be recognized by its very short
elytral pubescence, subobsolete transverse pronotal impression
and antennal structure.

Although inhabiting a Pacific State, this species cannot be re-
regarded as belonging to the true Pacific coast faunal region,
as the town of Huntington is on the extreme eastern border.

53. C. nimbatum n. sp.—Narrow with subinflated hind body, polished,
impunctate, rufo-testaceous, the elytra slightly brighter red; legs and antennz
pale brownish-testaceous; pubescence moderately abundant, pale, coarse, short,
even and recurved on the elytra. Head rather small, rounded behind the
eyes, which are moderate in size but somewhat prominent, extending about
to the middle ; antennal prominences somewhat distinct, the front broadly
impressed ; clypeus flat, the apical edge perfectly even and transversely rec-

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 44}

tilinear. Antenne slender, longer than the head and prothorax, the club nar-
row but somewhat abrupt in formation ; second joint subcylindric, 35 longer
than wide, rather longer than the next two and distinctly thicker; three to
six equal in width, smooth and cylindric; three, four and six equal and very
nearly as long as wide ; fifth a little longer than wide ; seventh scarcely more
than 14 wider than the sixth and but little longer, not quite as long as.
wide ; eighth full 14 wider than the seventh, nearly as long as wide, conic
at apex ; ninth and tenth subequal, 14 wider than the eighth, about 15
wider than long ; eleventh decidedly thicker, fully as long as the two pre-
ceding, obliquely pointed in ogive at apex. Prothorax narrow, fully as long
as wide, parallel and feebly arcuate at the sides in basal half, then gradually
and arcuately narrowed to the apex, which is fully 34 as wide as the base, the
latter 144 wider than the head ; surface finely and transversely biimpressed
near the basal margin. Elytra nearly *5 longer than wide, barely twice as
long as the prothorax and #5 wider, widest before the middle, the sides evenly
arcuate ; humeral plica narrow but long and strong, the subhumeral impres-
sion rather narrow but deep ; inner fovea somewhat distinct ; subsutural im-
pressions narrow but evident, the suture only very narrowly and feebly
beaded basally, the bead not expanded at base. Legs as usual; anterior femora
distinctly, the four posterior more feebly, clavate. Length 0.9mm.; width
0.35 mm.

Rhode Island (Boston Neck).

A very small but peculiar species, which may be identified by
the narrow and subparallel prothorax, this being apparently
longerthan wide. A single specimen of undetermined sex. —

54. C. parcumi n. sp.—Narrowly suboval, highly polished and impunc-
tate, black, the elytra dark rufous, blackish posteriorly; prothorax slightly
pale at apex; legsand antenne pale testaceous; pubescence not very abundant,
rather coarse, long, feebly curved, suberect and decidedly sparse on the elytra,
but pale in color and distinct. Head moderately developed, distinctly wider
than long, subparabolic behind the eyes, which are small and inconspicuous
although somewhat convex; depression between the antennal prominences
rather strong; clypeus not at all carinate, the apex perfectly even, transverse
and rectilinear. Antennz somewhat longer than the head and prothorax,
moderately stout, the club rather feeble, somewhat gradual in formation;
second joint but slightly thinner than the first, cylindric, as long as the next
two and much thicker, #4 longer than wide; three to six equal in width; third
nearly as long as wide; fourth and sixth just visibly shorter; fifth fully as long
as wide; seventh only 14 wider than the sixth, a little wider than long; eighth
%, wider than the seventh, slightly wider than long, broadly rounded only at
apex; ninth 14 wider than the eighth, scarcely 14 wider than long; tenth sub-
equal in width but more transverse, 74 wider than long; eleventh elongate,
scarcely thicker, as long as the two preceding, gradually acutely and obliquely
pointed. Prothoraz very feebly conic, nearly as long as wide, with the sides
broadly arcuate; apex 34 as wide as the base, the latter scarcely 14 wider than

442 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

the head; surface with feeble traces of a transverse impression near the basal
margin. Llytra 74 longer than wide, scarcely twice as long as the prothorax
and about 34 wider, widest slightly before the middle, the sides broadly arcu-
ate; humeral plica very narrow but elongate and distinct, the impression rather
well developed; foveze distinct; subsutural impressions obsolete, the suture
not or scarcely beaded basally. Legs rather long; anterior femora strongly,
the four posterior feebly, clavate. Length 0.85 mm.; width 0.35 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

No sexual marks can be discovered in the two examples before
me; there will, however, be no trouble in identifying this distinct
species, because of its small size, coloration of the body and pe-
culiar form of the prothorax.

55. C. clawatum Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 153 (Seyd-
menus).

Narrow and elongate, polished, sparsely subpunctulate, rufo-
testaceous, the legs and antenne pale; head and pronotum slightly
darker; pubescence rather abundant, coarse, pale, short, recurved
and interspersed with longer remote erect setz on the elytra.
Head large, but slightly wider than long, the eyes small; clypeus
with a minute discal tubercle at the anterior margin, the latter
transverse. Antenne about as long as the head and prothorax,
slender, the club rather strong, subparallel and abrupt to some
extent; second joint rather longer than the next two and dis-
tinctly thicker, 2 longer than wide; three to six almost equal,
cylindric, distinctly wider than long, the fifth almost as long as
wide; seventh 4 wider, cylindric, 4 wider than long; eighth 2
wider and longer than the seventh, a little wider than long; ninth —
and tenth subequal, + wider than the eighth, about 2 wider than
long; eleventh almost as long as the two preceding and some-
what thicker, ogival and slightly oblique at tip. Prothorax fully
as long as wide, the sides arcuate and converging anteriorly,
parallel toward base; apex 2? as wide as the base, the latter only
very slightly wider than the head; surface transversely and
strongly impressed near the base, the impression narrowly inter-
rupted at the middle. Hlytra 4 longer than wide, twice as long
as the prothorax and barely 4 wider, evenly oval, the sides
broadly arcuate; humeral plica and adjacent impression small
and moderately strong ; inner fovea evident, the outer subobsolete ;
subsutural impressions nearly obsolete, the suture very finely
beaded basally. Legs moderate, the femora rather strongly

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 443

clavate, the anterior rather more distinctly than the other four.
Length 1.15 mm.; width 0.3 mm.

Georgia (Liberty Co.) and Florida. A distinct type in the
present genus, which can be identified very readily by its narrow
form, relatively large head and strong impression of the prono-
tum. I cannot observe any definite sexual characters.

56. C. decipiems n. sp.— Narrowly suboval, polished, subimpunctate,
rufo-testaceous throughout, the legs and antennz paler and more diaphanous ;
pubescence rather abundant, pale, coarse, short, recurved and mingled with
sparse erect setze on the elytra. Head moderate in size, but slightly wider
than long, subparabolic behind the eyes, which are not very large or prominent ;
antennal prominences very feeble, separated by scarcely more than 1¢ the total
width ; clypeus slightly asperate, the apical margin very evenly and just
visibly sinuate throughout the width. Antenne scarcely as long as the head
and prothorax, stout, the club long and rather strong but subparallel and
scarcely abrupt ; second joint stout, cylindric, scarcely ?¢ longer than wide,
fully as long as the next two and a little thicker ; three to six perfectly similar
in form and strongly transverse, apparently very slightly increasing in size, 74
to *4 wider than long ; seventh scarcely 14 wider than the sixth, 1g wider than
long; eighth 2£ wider than the seventh, nearly as long as wide ; ninth and
tenth subequal, only very slightly wider than the eighth and very nearly as
long as wide ; eleventh barely thicker, not quite as long as the two preceding,
obliquely pointed at tip. Prothorax conic with the sides distinctly arcuate or
very obtusely subangulate at the middle, scarcely as long as wide ; apex 14 as
wide as the base, the latter nearly 44 wider than the head ; surface strongly
and transversely biimpressed near the basal margin. lytra evenly oval and
acutely ogival at apex, widest before the middle, 14 longer than wide, dis-
tinctly more than twice as long as the prothorax and about 14 wider ; sides
evenly arcuate ; humeral plica and attendant impression small but strongly
marked ; inner fovea strong and deep, the outer obsolete ; subsutural impres-
sions narrow, short and feeble, the suture finely but strongly beaded basally,
the bead gradually wider but not abruptly expanded at base. Legs well de-
veloped, the femora all strongly clavate. Length 1.0 mm.; width 0.28 mm.

Texas (Colorado River).

A small and slender species, somewhat allied to clavatum, but
distinguishable by the smaller head, more conical prothorax with
coarser transverse impression, and by the stouter antenne, the
elub of the latter being less abrupt. The antennal club in decipiens
is very long, the joints of the funicle being shorter and more trans-
verse. No sexual marks are observable in the two specimens
before me.

57. C. biceps n. sp.—Moderately stout and feebly ventricose, polished
and impunctate, pale flavo-testaceous throughout, the legs and antennz con-

444 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

colorous ; pubescence rather abundant, short, recurved and mingled with
longer erect and widely dispersed tactile setee on the elytra. Head much.
wider than long, dilated, angulate and widest behind the eyes, broadly
rounded at base behind the lateral projections, deeply excavated transversely
just behind the eyes, which are anterior, well developed and rather convex ;.
vertex behind the excavation broadly swollen, finely and feebly scabrous and
more densely pubescent, the pubescence projecting anteriorly over the middle
of the excavation ; tranverse elevated front before the excavation and between
the antenne longitudinally impressed at the middle, finely scabrous laterally ;.
clypeus simple, not at all dentate ; maxillary palpi nearly normal, the third
joint dilated, oval and compressed. Antennz rather stout, as long as the head
and prothorax, the club strong and somewhat gradual ; second joint stout, as
thick as the first, suboval and about 1g longer than wide, distinctly thicker
and somewhat longer than the next two; three to six equal in width ; three
and four equal and fully #4 wider than long ; fifth and sixth equal, longer, 74
wider than long ; seventh 14 wider, *5 wider than long; eighth nearly 1%
wider than the seventh, 14 wider than long ; ninth and tenth nearly similar,
the latter scarcely visibly wider, 24 and *4 wider than long respectively ;
eleventh not distinctly thicker, short, but little longer than wide, obtusely
ogival and but slightly oblique at apex and as long as the two preceding.
Prothorax feebly conic with straight sides, about as long as wide; apex fully
34 as wide as the base, the latter scarcely 15 wider than the head ; surface
even, convex, without a distinct transverse impression near the basal margin-
Elytra oval, 14g longer than wide, not quite twice as long as the prothorax and
fully 34 wider, widest before the middle, the sides broadly rounded ; humeral
plica and adjacent impression extremely small and feeble ; inner fovea very
small, the outer obsolete; subsutural impressions obsolete, the suture very
finely beaded near the base. Abdomen normal. Legs rather short, the femora
moderately clavate ; hind tarsi rather thick, with the first four joints about
equal among themselves. Length 0.7 mm.; width 0.26 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

The description is drawn from the male. In the female the
body is nearly similar in form and size, but the prothorax is.
more conical and the head much smaller and of the ordinary form,
being subcircularly rounded behind the anterior and slightly
prominent eyes, with the antennal prominences small; the anten-
nal club is less dilated and more gradually incrassate.

58. C. Caviceps n. sp.—Feebly subrhomboid-oval, polished, subimpune--
tate, pale brownish-testaceous throughout, the legs and antennz concolorous;
pubescence rather abundant, short and recurved on the elytra and with a few
longer erect sete. Head transversely oval, slightly and subangularly promi-
nent at the sides behind and above the eyes, the latter rather small, not con-
vex and not visible from above; base broadly arcuate; surface broadly concave

at the middle, smooth and polished but becoming densely and finely asperato-
punctate at the anterior margin of the front, these punctules bearing each an:

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 445

extremely minute and short but stiff and erect seta; clypeus smooth and

_almost vertical, its anterior margin simple; maxillary palpi normal. Antenne
slender, rather longer than the head and prothorax, the club moderately stout
-and very gradually formed; second joint obconic, fully 144 longer than wide,

stouter and distinctly longer than the next two and a little thinner than the
first; three to six subequal in size throughout and about as long as wide;

“seventh scarcely 14 wider, as long as wide and subglobular; eighth subglobu-

lar, scarcely #£ wider than the seventh and almost as long as wide; ninth 14
thicker, globular, as long as wide; tenth a little thicker and very slightly
wider than long; eleventh still thicker, obtusely and obliquely ogival, not

‘quite as long as the two preceding; joints eight to eleven together as long as

two toseven. Prothorax conic, with feebly arcuate sides, not quite as long as
wide; apex 34 as wide as the base, the latter barely 14 wider than the head;

surface even and convex, not impressed near the base. lytra oval, 2 longer

than wide, fully twice as long as the prothorax and about %4 wider, widest he-

‘fore the middle, the sides broadly arcuate; humeral plica and attendant im-

pression extremely small and feeble; inner fovea feeble and alone visible; sub-

-sutural impressions obsolete, the suture unmodified. Abdomen normal in
‘structure. Legs rather short but slender; femora moderately clavate; hind
tarsi slender, with the first four joints subequal among themselves. Length
-0.65-0.75 mm.; width 0.26 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

The form described above is the male, and the female differs in
having the elytra rather shorter and relatively more dilated, the
head slightly smaller, circularly rounded behind the eyes which

-are moderate in size, anterior and visible from above, and in hay-

ing the penultimate joints of the antenne shorter and more trans-
verse; the middle of the vertex is however broadly impressed,
nearly as in the male,and the antennal prominences are relatively

‘more marked, but there is no frontal punctulation.

This and the preceding are by far the most minute of the entire

‘genus, and differ besides in presenting strongly marked cephalic

modifications in the male, but they are perfectly normal members

-of the genus in general structure.

59. C. trimifer n. sp —Somewhat narrowly suboval, polished and sub-
impunctate, piceous-black, the head and antenne paler and dark rufo-tes-

-taceous; legs pale luteo-testaceous; pubescence rather abundant, pale, coarse,

rather short recurved and almost even on the elytra. Head moderate, dis-
tinctly wider than long, almost evenly elliptical, the eyes small and but
slightly convex; antennal prominences large and distinct, separated by a de-
pression; clypeus even, the median tooth distinct, narrow and rather acute.
Antenne moderately stout, slightly longer than the head and prothorax, the

-club very abrupt, strong, short, 3-jointed and paler in color; second joint stout,

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., IX, May, 1897.—30.

446 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

obconic, 14 longer than wide, as long as the next two and much thicker; three-
to six equal, cylindric, 14 wider than long; seventh and eighth similar in form,

symmetric and trapezoidal from the base, 1g and % wider than the sixth re-
spectively and a little more roughly sculptured; ninth 34 wider and 14 longer
than the eighth, nearly 44 wider than long; tenth similar, though scarcely
visibly wider, fully 44 wider than long, both with a whorl of short stout and.
porrect sete beyond the middle; eleventh not quite as long as the two preceding,

scarcely oblique at apex. Prothorax moderately conic with very slightly ar-
cuate sides, about as long as wide; apex 74 as wide as the base, the latter but.
slightly more than 14 wider than the head; surface perfectly even, without
trace of impression. lytra relatively long, oval, widest at basal 7, narrowly
obtuse at apex, % longer than wide, distinctly more than twice as long as the:
prothorax and nearly +4 wider; sides broadly arcuate; humeral plica minute,

the adjacent impression small, basal and inconspicuous; inner fovea deep and
distinct, the outer indistinct; subsutural impressions obsolescent, the suture-
not elevated. Legs well developed; femora rather strongly clavate, the an-
terior only a little moreso. Length 1.1-1.2 mm.; width 0.45 mm.

Rhode Island (Boston Neck); New York; District of Co-
lumbia; Pennsylvania ( Westmoreland Co.).

This is a distinct species and is apparently common and widely
diffused in the northern Atlantic States. It resembles fulvum,.
but differs in its piceous-black color and much larger size; from
trifidum it may be known by its less ventricose form and much
smaller subhumeral impression, and, from debzlitans, which it re-
sembles most of all, by its larger size, darker color, much longer
elytra, narrower prothorax and shorter but stouter antennal club.
The description is drawn from the male, the female however not dif-
fering in any external aspect. It is represented by a large series.
and some individuals are pale, probably from immaturity.

60. C. debilitams n. sp.—Rather narrowly subrhomboid-oval, polished,.
impunctate, dark rufo-testaceous, the antennz same; elytra rather paler and
brighter red but dusky toward tip; legs very pale luteo-testaceous ; pubes-
cence rather abundant, coarse, pale, short recurved and mingled with some-
longer and more erect setz on the elytta. Head moderately deyeloped,
slightly wider than long, subcircular behind the eyes, which are rather small
‘and scarcely at all prominent; antennal prominences somewhat large and dis—
tinct, separated by a feeble depression; clypeus not carinate, having a few
subasperate punctures, the apex finely but distinctly toothed at the middle,.
the tooth narrow and acute. Antennz stout, fully as long as the head and.
prothorax, the clubabrupt, stout and 3-jointed ; second joint stout, obconic, 4,
longer than wide, as long as the next two and thicker; three to six subequal,.
nearly 14 wider than long, the inner side of the fourth distinctly shorter than
the outer; seventh perceptibly wider, transverse; eighth still a little wider, more-
pointed within; five to eight gradually more roughly sculptured; ninth abruptly

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 447

2 wider than the eighth and nearly twice as long, 1 wider than long; tenth
just visibly wider, similar in form; eleventh rather stouter, not as long as the
two preceding; the ninth and tenth have a whorl of peculiar short, very stiff
and porrect bristles at apical 7g, which are distinct from the ordinary erect setz
or shorter hairs, and there is also a feebler whorl of similar sete at about the
middle of the eleventh. Prothorax conic with nearly straight sides, as long as
wide; apex fully 35 as wide as the base, the latter 14 wider than the head;
surface perfectly even. Elytra 4 longer than wide, twice as long as the pro-
thorax and 34 wider, narrowly rounded behind, widest near basal third; sides
broadly rounded; humeral plica short, narrow and not very pronounced, the
adjacent impression rather small and feeble; inner fovea small but deep and
distinct, the outer obsolete; subsutural impressions small but rather distinct,
rounded, at basal fifth, the suture extremely finely and feebly elevated to-
ward base. Legs moderate, the four posterior femora rather feebly, the an-
terior more strongly, clavate. Length 1.0 mm.; width 0.38 mm.

Pennsylvania (near Philadelphia).

The single specimen, which is probably a male, represents a
species allied to fulvum and trifidum, but differing in its much
stouter antenne, especially in the funicular portion. The subhu-
meral plica and impression are much more pronounced than in the
former, but rather less so than in the latter, and the subsutural
impressions and clypeal tooth are more developed than in either
of those species. In form it more nearly resembles fulvum, being
less stout than trifidum. The last two segments combined occupy
nearly half of the entire abdomen.

61. C. trifidum n. sp.—Somewhait stout, suboval, polished, subimpunc-
tate, pale brownish-testaceous throughout, the legs and antennze concolorous ;
pubescence rather abundant, pale, coarse, rather short and recurved on the
elytra, where it is mingled with a few widely dispersed and erect tactile setze
of moderate length. Head moderate, but very slightly wider than long,
rounded behind, the eyes small and slightly convex ; antennal prominences
very feeble, the front scarcely impressed ; clypeus simple, sparsely asperate,
the apical margin with an exceedingly minute and obtuse median tooth.
Antenne barely as long as the head and prothorax, slender, the club abrupt,
stout and 3-jointed ; second joint very feebly obconic, 14 longer than wide,
longer and much wider than the next two; three to six equal, cylindric,
about 14 wider than long ; seventh nearly 14 wider than sixth, fully 46 wider
than long ; eighth nearly 14 wider than the seventh and almost similar in form;
ninth abruptly 14 wider than the eighth, fully %, wider than long; tenth
similar to the ninth but just visibly wider ; eleventh not quite as long as
the two preceding. Prothorax conic with very feebly arcuate sides, about as
long as wide ; apex truncate, 34 as wide as the base, which is nearly 14 wider
than the head ; surface perfectly even and unimpressed. lytra about 14
longer than wide, scarcely twice as long as the prothorax and nearly #5 wider ;

448 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

apex narrowly rounded ; sides broadly rounded ; disk widest before the
middle ; humeral plica moderate in length, strongly elevated and distinct ;
subhumeral impression pronounced though not very large ; inner fovea small
but deep and distinct, the outer subobsolete ; subsutural impressions very
nearly obsolete, the suture not at all elevated. Legs well developed, the an-
terior femora moderately strongly, the four posterior feebly, clavate. Length
0.95 mm. ; width 0.43 mm.

Wisconsin (Bayfield). Mr. Wickham.

A small species, closely allied to fulvum, but differing in the
more dilated seventh and eighth antennal joints, larger size, more
ventriculate form and much stronger humeral plica and adjacent
impression. It is represented before me by a single specimen of
indeterminate sex but in all probability female. The elytra are
sparsely and feebly punctulate, particularly toward base.

62. C. fulwum Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 155 (Seyd-
menus).

Narrowly suboval, polished, impunctate, pale brownish-testa-
ceous throughout, the elytra, legs and antenne still somewhat
paler; pubescence rather abundant, coarse, pale and conspicuous,
rather short and recurved on the elytra. Head somewhat small,
slightly wider than long, subcircularly rounded behind the eyes,
which are rather small and but slightly prominent; antennal
prominences strong, separated by a distinct depression; clypeus
sparsely asperulate, not at all carinate, evenly rectilinear and
transverse at apex, with a very minute and obtusely rounded
marginal tooth. Antenne barely as long as the head and pro-
thorax, the funicle slender, the club very abrupt and purely 3-
jointed; second feebly obconic, 2 longer than wide, a little longer
than the next two and much wider; three to six equal, very
slightly wider than long, cylindric; seventh scarcely visibly
wider; eighth very slightly wider than the seventh, 2 wider than
long, its surface smooth like that of the preceding joints; ninth
4 wider, ¢ wider than long; tenth just visibly wider than the
ninth, 2 wider than long; eleventh not thicker, not quite as long
as the two preceding. Prothorax conic with feebly arcuate sides,
as long as wide; apex 2 as wide as the base, the latter + wider
than the head; surface perfectly even, without trace of impres-
sion. Elytra oval, widest slightly before the middle, narrowly
parabolic at tip, 2 longer than wide, barely twice as long as the
prothorax and scarcely 2 wider; sides broadly arcuate ; humeral

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 449

plica and subhumeral impression very small and inconspicuous;
foveze obsolete, the inner existing only as a trace; subsutural im-
pressions wholly obsolete, the suture not elevated. Abdomen
rather convex, the first segment rather shorter, the last two
longer, than usual; fifth equal to the two preceding. Legs mod-
erate, the tarsi rather thick, the first four joints of the posterior
equal; anterior femora somewhat strongly, the four posterior
feebly, clavate. Length 0.8-0.9 mm.; width 0.3-0.35 mm.

Appalachian mountain system, from New York to northern
Georgia. This species may be known at once by its minute size,
3-jointed club, feeble modification at the base of the elytra, ab-
dominal structure and pale coloration. It is said by LeConte to
occur under pine bark, but its very convex form would suggest
the accidental nature of such a habitat. The type is a male, the
copulatory spicule being very slender and without a terminal
button.

63. C. repugmams n. sp.—Moderately stout, not very ventricose,
polished, impunctate, dark rufo-testaceous throughout, the legs and antennz
concolorous ; pubescence abundant, long, erect, coarse, pale and conspicuous
on the elytra. Head nearly as long as wide, parabolic behind, the eyes
moderately large, rather convex and prominent ; front feebly concave ; clypeus
long and well developed, coarsely and sparsely setose, the apical margin trans-
versely rectilinear, with a small but distinct and equilaterally triangular
median tooth. Antenne distinctly less than 144 as long as the body, only
moderately slender, the club somewhat abrupt but elongate and paler in color;
second joint stout and but feebly obconic, scarcely 7g longer than wide,
distinctly shorter than the next two but much thicker ; three to six equal in
width ; third and sixth equal and quadrate ; fourth and fifth slightly longer
than wide and about equal; seventh 14 wider and ¥4 longer than the sixth,
parallel, with arcuate sides, slightly longer than wide ; eighth fully 7 wider
than the seventh, oval, truncate at base, fully as long as wide ; ninth and tenth
very nearly equal and scarcely visibly wider than the eighth, both fully as long
as wide ; eleventh not thicker, gradually acutely and obliquely conicfrom the
middle, scarcely as long as the two preceding. Prothorax conic with slightly
arcuate sides, nearly as long as wide ; apex rather more than 14 as wide as the
base, which is fully 44 wider than the head ; surface strongly impressed
transversely near the base, the impression not interrupted at the middle.
Elytra long, % longer than wide, much more than twice as long as the
prothorax and about *, wider, with the sides very broadly and evenly arcuate,
widest before the middle ; humeral plica long and very strong, the subhumeral
impression rather large and conspicuous ; foveze small but distinct ; subsutural
impressions very strong, the suture strongly beaded basally, the bead scarcely
at all expanded at base. Abdomen with the first segment widely overlapping
the next, arcuate at apex and with a very deep pale coriaceous border, which is

450 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

apparently composed of evenly contiguous flat parallel scales ; intercoxal pro-
cess acutely triangular. Legs well developed, the femoraall strongly elavate ;
tarsi slender, the basal joint of the posterior as long as the next two.
Length 1.65 mm. ; width 0.7 mm.

Texas (Austin).

A rather large and distinct species, which may be distinguished
from any other of the present section by the small but pro-
nounced median tooth of the clypeus; this tooth is not elongate,
however, as in the first section of the genus, but is equilateral
and triangular. It may be known from any of the larger species
of the first group of the genus by the strongly impressed prono-
tum. A single female specimen.

64. C. calcaratum n. sp.—Stout and ventricose, polished and impunc-
tate, black throughout, the legs and antennz rufo-testaceous; pubescence
abundant, long, erect, rather coarse, pale and conspicuous on the elytra. Head
well developed, nearly as long as wide, circularly rounded behind, the eyes
rather small but convex and somewhat prominent; antennal prominences dis-
tinct, the front concave between them; clypeus somewhat setose, perfectly even
and rectilinear at apex, without trace of median tooth or other modification.
Antenne barely 14 as long as the body, slender, the club somewhat gradually
formed; second joint feebly obconic, fully 14 longer than wide, as long as the
next twoand distinctly thicker; three to six equal in width and feebly ob-
conic in form; third but little longer than wide; fourth and sixth fully 4, the
fifth 14, longer than wide;seventh cylindric, as long as the sixthand }¢ wider,
a little longer than wide; eighth longer and nearly 14 wider than the seventh;
distinctly longer than wide, rounded at apex; ninth fully 44 wider than the
preceding, conic in apical half, about as long as wide; tenth slightly wider,
similar inform, not quite 1; wider than long; eleventh much stouter, obliquely,
pointed, rather shorter than the two preceding. Prothorax strongly conic with
feebly arcuate sides, not quite as long as wide, rather small; apex more than
1 as wide as the base, the latter scarcely 14 wider than the head; surface per-
fectly even, convex and without trace of transverse impression. /ytra short,
oval, obtusely ogival behind, barely 15 longer than wide, much more than
twice as long as the prothorax and very nearly twice as wide, widest but
slightly before the middle, the sides broadly and evenly arcuate; humeral
plica small and moderately elevated, the impression small, basal and incon-
spicuous; foveze feeble; subsutural impressions barely traceable and near the
base; suture perfectly even, not elevated and without the slightest trace of
basal bead. Abdomen with the first segment broadly arcuate and narrowly
pale and coriaceous at apex, overlapping the next. Legs long; femora rather
strongiy clavate, more particularly the anterior; tarsi long and filiform.
Length 1.3.mm.; width 0.65 mm.

Virginia (southwestern).
This is one of the most isolated species of the genus, and may

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 451

be known at once by its black color with pale legs, unimpressed
pronotum, rather small eyes, inflated elytra with feeble ‘basal
modifications, slender and elongate antennal funicle, and by the
greatly developed tibial spur of the male, this being oblique and
perfectly straight, gradually tapering throughout the length, and.
fully ?.as long as the tarsus. The basal joint of the hind tarsi
is almost as long as the next three combined. A single example.

65. C. bifidum n. sp.—Rather stout, suboval, polished and impunctate,
piceous, the legs and antenne scarcely paler ; elytra slightly paler and more
rufous ; pubescence abundant, moderately long, rather inclined and recurved,
‘coarse and somewhat pale on the elytra. Head about as long as wide, well
‘developed, subcircular behind, the eyes rather small but convex ; front not
distinctly impressed; clypeus somewhat rugose, the apex transverse, with a
very faint and broadly rounded projection at the middle; maxillary palpi long,
flavate. Antennz slender, 14 as long as the body, the club slender and quite
gradual, incrassate; second joint feebly obconic, 14 longer than wide, as long as
the next two and much thicker; three to six equal in width, smooth and sub-
eylindric ; third fully as long as wide; four to six nearly equal and 1 longer
than wide; seventh sculptured, 14 wider, cylindric, as long as wide; eighth
_ nearly 14 thicker, as long as wide, rounded at apex; ninth and tenth slightly
wider than the eighth and very nearly as long as wide; eleventh long, de-
cidedly thicker, fully as long as the two preceding, very obliquely and gradu-
ally conic and acutely pointed from behind the middle. Prothorax strongly
conic with very feebly arcuate sides, not quite as long as wide; apex slightly
more than 14 as wide as the base, the latter scarcely more than 14 wider than
the head; surface distinctly biimpressed transversely near the base. Elytra
nearly % longer than wide, 214 times as long as the prothorax and about 44
wider, narrow at apex, widest at basal 75, the sides evenly and strongly arcu-
ate; humeral plica only moderate in length, strong at base but rapidly evanes-
cent, the subhumeral impression rather narrow and somewhat feeble but
moderately large; fovez rather strong ; subsutural impressions narrow and
very feeble, the suture not definitely beaded. Abdomen with the basal segment
fringed at apex with long and contiguous porrect and membranous scales; inter-
coxal process acute, with the angle slightly blunt. Legs well developed, the
femora strongly clavate, the posterior distinctly less so than the anterior.
Length 1.55 mm.; width 0.65 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.) Mr. Schmitt.

The male described above serves as the type of a species allied
in general to capillosulum, but with very much feebler subhumeral
modifications of the elytra. It is rendered very distinct by the
conformation of the terminal hind tibial spur of the male, which
is slender and oblique as usnal, scarcely half as long as the tarsus
and bifurcated from about the middle, the diverging angle being

452 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

small and the inner ramus more slender than the outer; there
is also a long and slender seta attached to the spur near its base
and equalling it in length.

66. C. mutilans n. sp.—Moderately stout, suboval, polished and im-
punctate, piceous-black, the elytra, legs and antenne dark rufous; pubescence
moderately abundant, rather long and suberect but stiff, pale, and to some
extent recurved on the elytra. Head, clypeus and antenne nearly as in:
bifidum, the last joint of the latter, however, less developed. Prothorax conic
with the sides feebly arcuate, about as long as wide ; apex rather more than
1g as wide as the base, the latter fully 14 wider than the head ; surface rather
feebly biimpressed near the base, the impression confined to the median parts.
of the disk as in bifidum. Elytra % longer than wide, distinctly more than
twice as long as the prothorax and scarcely 34 wider, widest before the middle,
the sides very broadly and evenly arcuate ; humeral plica large, long and con-
spicuous, the subhumeral impression long and very pronounced; fovee distinct;.
subsutural impressions narrow and moderate, the suture elevated and strongly
beaded basally, the bead expanded at base. Abdomen with the first segment-
fringed at apex with membranous scales. Legs well developed, the femora.
moderately clavate, the anterior more strongly. Length 1.35 mm.; width.
0.6 mm.

Pennsylvania ( Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

This species is closely allied to bifidum, but is smaller, with
relatively larger prothorax and narrower elytra, much larger and
stronger humeral plica and impression and strongly beaded ©
suture. It further differs in the conformation of the posterior
tibial spur of the male, this being likewise abnormal in structure.
This spur is much longer than in bifidum, being fully = as long
as the tarsus, and is split from near the base into three long
slender filaments, which become more or less contorted at their
tips. The constancy of this singular modification cannot be
stated, as I only have a single male and two females before me,,.
but it is probably variable in degree to an appreciable extent ; the
splitting of the spur into filaments is, however, in all probability
not the result of accident.

67. C. capillosulum Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 152°
(Scydmeenus).

Stout and rather ventricose, polished and impunctate, dark red-
brown, the elytra pale and bright red throughout; antenne dark
testaceous, the legs slightly paler; pubescence abundant, long
even, erect and somewhat pale on the elytra. Head about as long
as wide, semicircular behind the eyes, which are only moderate in
size but somewhat convex and prominent; antennal prominences

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 453

obsolete; clypeus long, even, with sparse setz, the apex not
toothed. Antenne long and slender, rather more than } as long
as the body, the club slender and rather abruptly formed ; second
joint stout, feebly obconic, 2 longer than wide, thicker but scarcely
as long as the next two; three to six equal in width, the first
three smooth, the sixth asperate like the following ; third scarcely
as long as wide; fourth just visibly longer than wide; fifth fully
4 longer than wide; sixth similar to the fourth but cylindric and
not feebly obconic in form; seventh scarcely + wider than
the sixth, distinctly longer than wide; eighth 2 wider, as long as
wide, rounded in apical half; ninth and tenth almost similar, just
visibly wider than the eighth, nearly as long as wide; eleventh
large, stouter, obliquely pointed, very nearly as long as the two
preceding. Prothorax strongly conic, with very feebly arcuate
sides, not quite as long as wide; apex 4 as wide as the base, the
latter fully 4 wider than the head ; surface distinctly biimpressed
transversely near the base. Elytra 2 longer than wide, oval,
widest only slightly before the middle, much more than twice as
long as the prothorax and 4 wider; sides strongly arcuate; apex
narrowly obtuse; humeral plica long and very strong; impres-
sion large and very conspicuous; inner fovea distinct ; subsutural
impressions very strong, the suture conspicuously and broadly
beaded basally, the bead expanded at base. Abdomen with the
basal segment fringed at tip with long hairs and short porrect
membranous scales, black, the tip rufous. Legs long, the femora
subequally and rather strongly clavate. Length 1.6 mm.; width
0.8 mm.

Massachusetts, Rhode Island (Boston Neck) and District of
Columbia, probably of wide distribution in the coastal plains of
the Atlantic region.

The description is drawn from the male, and, in that sex, the
hind tibiz have at tip a straight slender and simple spur, scarcely
half as long as the tarsus, bent obliquely outward near the base.
The female does not differ from the male except in some slight
details of antennal structure, the sixth joint, for example, being
smooth like the preceding and the club rather narrower and more
elongate.

68. C. proximum 0. sp.—Stout, highly polished and impunctate,
piceous-black, the elytra bright red; antennz piceous-brown, the legs dusky-
testaceous with the tarsi pale flavate; pubescence abundant, rather pale, long

454 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

fine erect and conspicuous on the elytra. Head as long as wide, semicircular.
behind, the eyes rather small but convex and prominent, situated just before
the middle; antennal prominences moderate, the front distinctly impressed
between them; clypeus long and well developed, the apex transversely recti-
linear, with the feeblest trace of a broadly rounded inequality at the middle but.
not toothed; maxillary palpi long and slender. Antennx slender, fully 14 as
long as the body, the club slender and very gradual in formation; second joint
obconic, scarcely 14 longer than wide, not quite as long as the next two and.
but slightly thicker; three to six equal in width, feebly obconic, the sixth
cylindric; third not quite as long as wide; fourth scarcely longer; fifth nearly
Y, longer than wide; sixth rather longer than wide; seventh 14 wider, parallel
with the sides broadly arcuate, at least 14 longer than wide; eighth scarcely
1g thicker, oval, a little longer than wide; ninth just visibly thicker than the
eighth, rather longer than wide; tenth still very slightly wider, as long as
wide; eleventh rather thicker, obliquely pointed, not quite as long as the two
preceding. Prothorax conic as usual, not quite as long as wide, with the apex
rather more than 14 as wide as the base, which is about 4 wider than the
head; surface transversely impressed near the base, the impression not dis-
tinctly interrupted at the middle. Elytra large and ample, fully 14 longer
than wide, nearly 214 times as long as the prothorax and fully #4 wider, widest
before the middle, narrow and subacute at apex, the sides evenly rounded;
humeral plica rather long and strong, the impression large; foveze deep; sub-
sutural impressions narrow, very deep and conspicuous, the suture strongly
beaded basally, the bead gradually increasing in width. Abdomen with the
basal segment overlapping the next, unevenly fringed at apex. Legs rather
long; femora moderately clavate, the anterior strongly so. Length 1.75 mm.;
width 0.8 mm.

Texas (Colorado River).

Very closely allied to capillosulum, but slightly larger and
with a still more slender and gradual antennal club, less inter-
rupted transverse impression of the pronotum, larger head,
stronger subsutural impressions, shorter tibial spur of the male
and longer hind tarsi. The tibial spur of the male is straight,
oblique, simple and very slender, and is distinctly less than half
as long as the tarsus. A single specimen. .

69. C. illustre n. sp.—Rather stout, suboval, highly polished and im-
punctate, piceous-black, the elytra bright red, rather dusky at base and on the
flanks ; legs and antenne pale reddish-brown ; pubescence abundant, long
erect pale and conspicuous on the elytra. Head very nearly as long as wide,
semicircular behind, the eyes only moderately large but very convex and
prominent, near the middle ; antennal prominences feeble, the front slightly
impressed ; clypeus long and well developed, highly polished and impunctate,
the apical edge perfectly even and without trace of median modification.
Antenne more than 14 as long as the body, the club gradual and. elongate but
quite heavy ; second joint feebly obconic, 14 longer than wide, not quite as

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 455

long as the next two but thicker ; next four subequal, 14 longer than wide,
the fifth 14 longer than wide ; seventh 14 wider, longer than wide; eighth 14
wider, rather longer than wide ; ninth and tenth only slightly wider than the
eighth, about as long as wide ; eleventh long, obliquely and gradually pointed,
nearly as long as the two preceding. Prothorax strongly conic with feebly
arcuate sides, about as long as wide ; apex not more than 14 as wide as the
base, the latter barely 14 wider than the head across the eyes ; surface trans-
versely and feebly impressed near the base, the impression very narrowly
interrupted. lytra long, % longer than wide, very narrowly parabolic at tip,
distinctly more than twice as long as the prothorax and about 34 wider, widest
at basal 7, the sides evenly rounded ; humeral plica strong but unusually
‘short, the subhumeral impression relatively small ; foveze deep ; subsutural
impressions narrow, very deep and conspicuous, the suture strongly beaded’
basally, the bead gradually expanded. Abdomen with the basal segment over-
lapping the next and with its hind edge fringed with a deep and almost solid
Membranous border, the latter apparently composed of contiguous scale-like
pieces. Legs long, the femora strongly clavate, especially the anterior.
Length 1.8 mm.; width 0.75 mm.

‘ Iowa (Iowa City). Mr. Wickham.

This species is closely allied to capillosulum and proximum, but
differs from the former in its larger size, more elongate elytra,
more elongate head, which is much less broadly rounded behind
and with the eyes not larger but rather more abruptly prominent,
and, from proximum, in its larger eyes; from both it differs in
the very much smaller and less conspicuous subhumeral impres-
sion, which character will distinguish it at once. A single female
example.

The eyes, quite unexpectedly, are perceptibly larger and more
conspicuous in the female than in the male of capillosulum, and
the head is a little shorter and broader in that sex, so that in
making comparisons between these species the sex should be care-
fully noted.

_ 70. C. Lynceum. n. sp.—Moderately stout, suboval, polished, impunc-
tate, rather pale testaceous-brown, the antennz and legs nearly concolorous;
elytra pale, bright rufous; tarsi flavate; pubescence abundant, long, coarse,
erect, pale and conspicuous on the elytra. Head much wider than long, sub-
circularly rounded behind, the eyes very large, convex and prominent; an-
tennal prominences and frontal concavity very slight; clypeus very sparsely
setulose and with a very feeble tubercle on the surface at the middle of
the apical margin, which however does not project in the form of a tooth,
the edge broady and very feebly incurvate throughout the width. Antennz
barely 44 as long as the body, slender, the club narrow and subparallel but
rather abruptly formed; second joint feebly obconic, barely 44 longer than
wide, scarcely as long as the next two but decidedly thicker; three to six

456 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

equal in width, cylindric; third quadrate; four and six just visibly longer
than wide, the fifth obviously so; seventh barely 14 wider, parallel with the
sides feebly arcuate; fully as long as wide; eighth much longer and fully 14

wider than the seventh, as long as wide, rounded in apical third; ninth and

tenth equal, just visibly wider than the eighth and very slightly, though:
obviously, wider than long; eleventh rather thicker, very obliquely and grad--
ually pointed, nearly as long as the two preceding. Prothoraw well developed,

about as long as wide, conic with feebly arcuate sides; apex rather more than

1g as wide as the hase, the latter not quite 14 wider than the head; surface
strongly impressed transversely near the base, the impression extremely finely

interrupted at the middle. Elytra barely 7% longer than wide, distinctly more
than twice as long as the prothorax and scarcely more than %4 wider, widest-
slightly before the middle, the sides very broadly and evenly arcuate; apex
subacate; humeral plica long and rather strong, the subhumeral impression
somewhat large but shallow, the foveze deep; subsutural impressions long and.
only moderately strong, the suture strongly beaded basally, the bead strongly
expanded at base. Abdomen with the basal segment broadly arcuate and
having a deep pale coriaceous border at apex. Legs well developed; femora.
rather strongly clavate, especially -the anterior; tarsi long and filiform.

Length 1.4 mm.; width 0.58 mn.

New York (Hudson Valley). Mr. H. H. Smith.

A somewhat small species, which is quite distinct by reason of
its large and prominent eyes; it can be distinguished from small
specimens of nigrum and atrum by the coloration and somewhat.
transverse penultimate joints of the antenne, and from paganum.
by the color and by its shorter and broader head with larger eyes..
It is represented before me by the female only.

71. C. Dasale Lec.— Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 152 (Seyd--
menus).

Not very stout, suboval, polished and impunctate, pale rufo-
testaceous throughout the body and legs, the antennz rather
darker red-brown; pubescence abundant, long, coarse, pale and
conspicuous on the elytra. Head but little wider than long, semi--
circular behind, the eyes rather small, anterior and but slightly
convex ; clypeus well developed, rectilinear and unmodified at the-
apical margin. Antenne but little longer than the head and pro-.-
thorax, the club narrow and but slightly differentiated ; second
joint feebly obconic, 2 longer than wide, fully as long as the-
next two and thicker; three to six equal in width; third and
fourth quadrate; fifth distinctly longer than wide; sixth barely
longer than wide; seventh cylindric, as long as the sixth and
scarcely 4 wider, quadrate; eighth nearly 4 wider than the sev—

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 457

enth, as long as wide; ninth and tenth subequal, but little wider
than the preceding, nearly as long as wide; eleventh as long as
the two preceding and a little thicker, obliquely pointed. Pro-
thorax well developed, conic, nearly as long as wide, with two
rather widely separated, short and transverse impressions near the
base. Elytra 2 longer than wide, only slightly more than twice
as long as the prothorax and scarcely more than } wider, broadly
arcuate at the sides, widest near basal 2; humeral plica long and
strong, the subhumeral impression large and conspicuous ; fovez
deep; subsutural impressions deep, the suture strongly beaded
basally, the bead expanded at base. Abdomen with the basal
‘segment broadly arcuate at apex, with a pale coriaceous margin
moderate in depth. Legs well developed; femora strongly and
conspicuously clavate. Length 1.4 mm.; width 0.55 mm.

Georgia and Louisiana. A rather small species, described
-above from the male, in which sex the hind tibie are provided at
tip with a short slender spur, scarcely 2 as long as the tarsus, the
latter slender and filiform.

This species may be distinguished by its rather small size, not
‘strongly inflated hind body, having the subhumeral modifications
strong, by its strongly clavate femora and other characters. It
is related most closely perhaps to longipilosum, but differs in its
larger prothorax, less inflated hind body and very much shorter
-spur of the male hind tibie.

72. ©. politum Say—Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila; V, p. 245 (An-
-thicus).

Rather stout and ventricose, polished and impunctate, blackish-
piceous in color, the elytra more or less rufous, darker toward
‘tip; legs and antenne pale rufo-testaceous ; pubescence abundant,
‘moderately long, suberect, ashy and conspicuous on the elytra.
Head but slightly wider than long, subparabolic behind, the eyes
‘somewhat large, convex and prominent; antennal prominences
very feeble, the frontal impression only just visible; clypeus
sparsely setulose, the apical margin perfectly even and rectilinear
‘throughout. Antenne 4 as long as the body, moderately slender,
‘the club rather strong and incrassate but gradually formed;
‘second joint strongly obconic, rather more than } longer than
wide, as long as the next two and much thicker; three to six
-equal in width and cylindric; third not quite as long as wide;
‘fourth and sixth subequal and just visibly longer than wide, the

458 Coleopterological Notices, VILLI.

fifth still longer; seventh fully + thicker and more asperate,.
cylindric, fully as long as wide; eighth 2? wider, as long as wide;
ninth and tenth equal, but slightly thicker than the eighth and as
long as wide; eleventh notably thicker, very obliquely and gradu-
ally pointed and as long as the two preceding. Prothorax
moderate in size, conic with distinctly arcuate sides; apex fully
3 as wide as the base, which is scarcely more than + wider than
the head ; surface strongly and uninterruptedly impressed trans-
versely near the base. LEHlytra scarcely 2 longer than wide, dis-
tinctly more than twice as long as the prothorax and fully = wider,.
narrowly rounded behind, widest at basal 2, the sides broadly and
evenly arcuate; humeral plica long and very strong; subhumeral
impression large, deep and conspicuous ; fovez deep; subsutural
impressions deep and distinct; suture strongly beaded basally,
the bead expanded rather gradually at base. Abdomen with the
basal segment very feebly arcuate, overlapping the next and
fringed at apex with distinct porrect membranous scales. Legs.
long, the femora all rather strongly clavate. Length 1.3 mm.;
width 0.6 mm.

Illinois (northern). The terminal spur of the hind tibiz in the
male is straight, oblique, bent at base, simple and slender and is
not quite half as long as the tarsus. The description is taken
from the male, but the female does not differ observably. Two
specimens.

This species differs from paganum in the longer antennal club,
with the penultimate joint not transverse, and from nigrum in its.
smaller size and relatively much larger subhumeral impression.
It agrees throughout with the original description of Anthicus
politus of Say, the position of which has been so long in doubt.

73. C. longipilosum n. sp.—Moderately stout, highly polished and im-
punctate, red-brown, the antenne concolorous ; elytra and legs throughout
pale testaceous ; pubescence abundant, rather fine, pale, very long, erect and
conspicuous on the elytra. Head only slightly wider than long, broadly para-
bolic behind the eyes, which are rather small and only moderately prominent ;
antennal prominences large and very feeble ; clypeus long and well developed,
flat toward tip, with a few fine setigerous punctures, the apical edge perfectly
even and without trace of median protuberance. Antenne rather slender, 14
as long as the body, the club narrow and gradual in formation ; second joint
very feebly obconic, fully 4% longer than wide, rather longer than the next
two and distinctly wider ; three to six equal in width, smooth and cylindric ;
third distinctly wider than long ; fourth nearly as long as wide; fifth and

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 459

sixth equal and fully as long as wide; seventh 14 wider, cylindric and
rougher, slightly longer than wide ; eighth not more than 4 wider than the
seventh, fully as long as wide or a little longer ; ninth and tenth equal in
width and about 14 wider than the eighth, very nearly as long as wide and
almost 1g wider than long respectively; eleventh somewhat thicker, long, very
obliquely and gradually pointed and rather longer than the two preceding.
Prothorax conic with very feebly arcuate sides, as long as wide; apex rather
more than 44 as wide as the base, the latter fully 14 wider than the head ;
surface with two approximate and distinct transverse impressions near the
base. Elytra 75 longer than wide, distinctly more than twice as long as the
prothorax and +4 wider, gradually narrowly parabolic at apex, widest before
the middle, the sides very evenly arcuate throughout ; humeral plica long,
strong and conspicuous, the impression large and deep ; fovez distinct ; sub-
sutural impressions rather well marked, the suture narrowly beaded basally,
the bead expanded at base. Abdomen with the first segment overlapping the
next and having a short fringe of hairs and scattered membranous scales.
Legs well developed, the anterior femora rather strongly, the four posterior
much less strongly, clavate. Length 1.8 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

The male described above has the spur of the hind tibiae slen-
der, perfectly straight and simple, oblique in direction, being
bent abruptly at base and is notably long, being rather more than
2 as long as the tarsus. The species may be readily known not
only by this character, but by its rather elongate elytra, strongly
modified at the humeri, long pubescence, pale coloration and
other characters. The last two segments of the abdomen are
still paler as usual. Several specimens.

74. C. lacunosum 0n. sp.—Rather stout, polished, impunctate, very
dark piceo-rufous, the entire elytra slightly paler and dark rufous; antennz
dark red-brown, the legs rather paler, rufous ; pubescence moderately abun-
dant, long coarse erect and pale on the elytra. Head well developed, slightly
wider than long, subcireular behind, the eyes rather large, convex and promi-
nent ; antennal prominences almost obsolete, the front not definitely impressed ;
clypeus even, the apex rectilinearly transverse, without trace of median pro-
jection. Antennz only slightly longer than the head and prothorax, rather
slender but with the club pronounced and rather abrupt ; second joint feebly
obconic, nearly 14 longer than wide, as long as the next two and thicker ;
three to six equal in width, not quite as long as wide, the fifth as long as
wide ; seventh 14 wider than the sixth, not as long as wide; eighth #¢ wider
than the seventh, 14 wider than long; ninth 44 wider than the preceding,
broadly spherical in apical half, 2g wider than long, the tenth almost similar
but just visibly wider and nearly 1g wider than long ; eleventh paler, slightly
thicker,’ as long as the two preceding, very obliquely pointed at apex.
Prothoraz rather small, distinctly shorter than wide, strongly conic with the
sides feebly arcuate ; apex about 1g as wide as the base, which is nearly 1¢

460 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

wider than the head; surface very feebly impressed transversely near the base.
Elytra 14% longer than wide, distinctly more than twice as long as the
prothorax and 4¢ wider, widest only slightly before the middle, narrowly
parabolic at apex, the sides strongly and almost evenly arcuate ; humeral plica
long and very strong, the subhumeral impression large, deep and conspicuous;
foveze deep; subsutural impressions feeble and indistinct, the suture finely but
distinctly beaded basally, the bead rapidly and strongly expanded at base.
Abdomen with the basal segment nearly transverse at apex, having the margin
fringed densely with a short porrect and subdivided membranous border.
Legs well developed, the femora strongly and subequally clavate. Length
1.35mm.; width 0.65 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

The two specimens before me are both females, but the species
can readily be distinguished from capzllosulum, and other allied
forms, by its smaller size, shorter, coarser and less abundant
elytral vestiture, much shorter antenne with transverse penul-
timate joints, and by the very faint transverse impression of the
pronotum. ;

75. C. filitarse n. sp.—Somewhat narrowly oval, polished and impunc-
tate, dark testaceous, the entire elytra, legs and antennz uniform and paler
testaceous; pubescence rather sparse, long, coarse, pale, erect, and conspicuous,
though decidedly sparse, on the elytra. Head as long as wide, broadly para-

bolic behind, the eyes only moderately large but very convex and prominent;
front distinctly and narrowly concave between the feeble antennal prominences;
clypeus smooth and polished, rectilinear at apex, with the feeblest possible
rounded inequality for a short distance at the middle. Antennz slender,
about 14 as long as the body, the club narrow and very gradual in formation;
second joint much shorter than the first, about #, longer than wide, as long as
the next two and much thicker; three to six equal in width, cylindric; third
not quite as long as wide; fourth quadrate; fifth and sixth subequal and just
visibly longer than wide; seventh cylindric, }4 thicker and 14 longer than the
sixth, rather longer than wide; eighth scarcely % thicker than the seventh,
subglobular, fully as long as wide; ninth and tenth slightly but distinctly
wider, the latter slightly the shorter and very little wider than long; eleventh
slightly thicker than the two preceding and nearly as long, obtusely pointed
and scarcely at all oblique at tip. Prothorax well developed, nearly as long as
wide, conic with slightly arcuate sides; apex 34 as wide as the base, which is
rather more than 14 wider than the head; surface transversely and rather
strongly impressed near the base, the impression feebly interrupted at the
middle. lytra long, 7% longer than wide, much more than twice as long as
the prothorax and 94 wider, widest near hasal third, the sides broadly arcuate;
apex narrow; humeral plica moderate in length but strongly elevated, the
subhumeral impression deep and rather large; foveze deep; subsutural impres-
sions rather deep and distinct, the suture however scarcely at all modified.
Abdomen with the basal segment simple and scarcely at all modified at apex,

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 461

the process triangular. Legs moderate, the femora moderately clevate; hind
tarsi long and slender, the basal joint as long as the next three. Length 1.25
‘mm.; width 0.5 mm.

North Carolina.

This species is somewhat aberrant in its nearly simple basal
segment of the abdomen. It may be recognized by the narrowly
oval form, rather sparse and coarse elytral vestiture and other
characters. The single male in my cabinet has the terminal spur
of the hind tibiz rather stout, straight and somewhat more than
half as long as the tarsus.

76. C. atrum nu. sp.—Stout and ventricose, polished and impunctate,
black throughout, the antennz dark red-brown ; legs piceous-black, the tarsi
pale; pubescence abundant, long, fine, erect’ and rather dark in color on the
‘elytra. Head distinctly wider than long, circularly rounded behind, the eyes
-only moderate in size though convex ; antennal prominences large and rather
-strong, the front concave between Fn: ; clypeus long, even, feebly asperate,
the apex rectilinear, with an exceedingly es and broadly rounded median
projection. Antennz slender but rather short, not 14 as long as the body, the
-elub pronounced though not very abrupt and distinctly incrassate ; second
joint very feebly obconic, % longer than wide, barely as long as the next two
-and distinctly thicker ; three to six subequal, smooth, the third as long as
wide ; four to six somewhat longer ; seventh but slightly wider, cylindric, as
long as wide; eighth nearly 14 wider than the seventh, as long as wide,
rounded in nearly apical half ; ninth almost 1g wider than the eighth and dis-
‘tinctly wider than long; tenth similar to the ninth in form but somewhat
larger ; eleventh large, thicker, as long as the preceding two, roughly sculp-
tured, gradually and very obliquely pointed ; eight to ten each with a whorl
-of short, stout porrect sete beyond the middle. Prothorax small, strongly
-conie with nearly straight sides, not quite as long as wide ; apex a little more
than 144 as wide as the base, the latter scarcely more than 14 wider than the
head ; surface strongly biimpressed transversely near the base. Elytra large,
1g longer than wide, nearly 244 times as long as the prothorax and very nearly
‘twice as wide, strongly arcuate at the sides and rapidly pointed behind, widest
-only slightly before the middle ; humeral plica long and strong, the subhumeral
‘impression large, very deep ail conspicuous ; foveze deep ; subsutural im-
pressions long and rather vague, the basal bead of the elytra ill-defined and
‘thick. Abdomen with the basal segment large, overlapping the next, with its
‘hind margin broadly arcuate and fringed densely with long and close-set
-submembranous scales. Legs well developed, the femora rather strongly
-clavate, the anterior distinctly more so than the others. Length 1.6 mm.;
width 0.8 mm. a

Pennsylvania.
The single type is a male, having the terminal spur of the hind
tibie rather more than half as long as the tarsus, straight and

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., IX, May, 1897.—31.

462 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

oblique, bent at base and simple. The abdomen is rufous at tip.

This species is allied closely to capillosulum, but differs in its
shorter antenne, minutely subdentate clypeus, deep black color,
smaller prothorax and relatively larger elytra.

77. C. pertimax n. sp.—Rather stout and ventricose, polished and im-
punctate, black, the elytra feebly picescent in a strong light ; legs rufo-testa-
ceous, the femora blackish ; antennz red-brown ; pubescence rather abundant,
coarse, pale, rather short and recurved, but even and without intermixed setze
on the elytra. Head much wider than long, broadly rounded behind, the eyes.
quite large, very convex and prominent ; front scarcely impressed ; clypeus.
with a few setigerous punctures, perfectly even and rectilinear at apex.
Antennx slender, about 14 as long as the body, the club narrow, feebly in-
crassate and gradual in formation; second joint obconic, slender, a little shorter
than the first, as long as the next two and thicker, nearly % longer than wide ;.
three to six equal in width ; third, fourth and sixth subequal and about as long.
as wide, the fifth a little longer, the sixth asperulate ; seventh 14 wider, quad-
rate ; eighth scarcely 7g wider than the seventh, subglobular, nearly as long as.
wide ; eighth to tenth increasing very slightly and gradually in width ; ninth
about as long as wide, the tenth a little shorter ; eleventh decidedly thicker,
obliquely pointed, as long as the two preceding. Prothorax small, conic, not.
as long as wide ; apex 36 as wide as the base, the Jatter scarcely more than 14
wider than the head ; surface strongly, transversely impressed near the base,
the impression not thoroughly interrupted at the middle. lytra relatively
large, oval, widest before the middle with very evenly arcuate sides, 14 longer
than wide, 214 times as long as the prothorax and about twice as wide ;
humeral plica rather large and strong, the corresponding impression somewhat:
narrow but deep and conspicuous ; fovez deep ; subsutural impressions rather
strong, the suture finely but strongly beaded basally, the bead expanded at:
base. Abdomen with the basal segment large, overlapping the next, arcuate
and fringed with coarse porrect separated hairs at apex. Legs well developed,
the femora moderately clavate ; tarsi slender, the basal joint of the posterior
about as long as the next two. Length 1.2 mm.; width 0.48 mm.

Canada (Ottawa). Mr. W. H. Harrington.

One of the smallest species of this section of the genus and
readily identifiable by the small prothorax, rather large and
prominent eyes, blackish coloration and by the form of the spur
terminating the hind tibiz in the male, this being unusually short,
not quite a third as long as the tarsus and contorted toward tip;
it is however simple in structure and very finely acuminate.
The description is drawn from the male, but the female does not
differ, except in being a trifle less stout and with a still narrower
antennal club. Two specimens.

78. C. pallidipes n. sp.—Rather stout and ventricose, polished and
impunctate, black, the antenne dark rufous and the legs still paler; pu- ©

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 463

bescence abundant, rather coarse and pale, suberect and moderately long on
the elytra. Head slightly wider than long, almost semicircular behind the
eyes, which are moderately large and somewhat prominent ; antennal promi-
nences feeble, the front only very slightly impressed ; clypeus somewhat
asperate, the apical edge even and without trace of median tooth. Antennz
rather stout, slightly longer than the head and prothorax, the club strong and
abruptly formed ; second joint feebly obconic, not quite 14 longer than wide,
barely as long as the next two but much thicker ; three to five subequal,,
cylindric and not quite as long as wide ; sixth rather wider, with the inner
side a little shorter than the outer, almost as long as wide ; seventh scarcely 14
wider than the sixth, cylindric and almost symmetrical, 2 wider than long ;.
eighth 44 wider than the seventh, not quite as long as wide ; ninth and tenth
darker in color, nearly similar in form, about 1g wider than long, 4 and
nearly 1g wider than the eighth respectively ; eleventh much stouter, oval,
gradually very obliquely pointed, fully as long as the two preceding.
Prothorax conic with feebly arcuate sides, not as long as wide ; apex nearly 3%
as wide as the base, the latter scarcely more than 14 wider than the head ; sur-
face distinctly biimpressed transversely near the base. lytra 14 longer than
wide, distinctly more than twice as long as the prothorax and more than #
wider, pointed at tip, widest well before the middle, the sides rather strongly
arcuate ; humeral plica moderate in length, narrow and strong, the adjacent
impression long, deep and conspicuous ; foveee and subsutural impressions
extremely feeble, the suture beaded only at the extreme base. Abdomen with
the first segment broadly arcuate at apex and overlapping the next, the edge
fringed with long but simple porrect hairs. Legs moderate ; anterior femora
strongly, the four posterior rather feebly, clavate. Length 1.2 mm.; width
0.55.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

A small but distinct species, to be recognized at once by its
black color, rather strongly inflated elytra with strong subhu-
meral modifications, and by the distinctly clavate antenne. The
maxillary palpi are rather short. Several specimens.

The male, which serves as the type of the description, has the
usual slender terminal tibial spur of the present group. It is
simple and rather short, not quite half as long as the tarsus. The
tip of the abdomen is paler as usual.

79. C. migrum on. sp.—Rather stout, suboval, highly polished and im-
punctate, black throughout, the legs and antenne pale rufo-testaceous ; pubes-
cence abundant, long, erect, rather coarse and somewhat pale on the elytra.
Head well developed, as long as wide, rather narrowly parabolic behind the
moderately large and prominent eyes ; antennal prominences feeble; clypeus
long, polished, smooth, very sparsely setose, the apical edge rectilinear and
even. Antennx long and slender, more than 14 as long as the body, the club
narrow, elongate and gradually formed ; second joint very stout, narrowed at

464 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

base, scarcely more than 1g longer than wide, not as long as the next two and
very decidedly thicker ; three to six equal in width, cylindric ; third quad-
rate ; fourth and sixth %, the fifth nearly 14, longer than wide; seventh almost
Y wider than the sixth, fully as long as wide, finely beaded at base ; eighth
2¢ wider than the seventh, fully as long as wide ; ninth and tenth subequal
and but little wider, fully as long as wide ; eleventh long, obliquely and
gradually pointed, rather thicker but not quite as long as the two preceding.
Prothorax rather small, nearly as long as wide, strongly conic with distinctly
arcuate sides ; apex narrow, not more than 14 as wide as the base, the latter
nearly 14 wider than the head ; surface distinctly biimpressed transversely
near the base. LElytra 2 longer than wide, 214 times as long as the prothorax
and nearly 44 wider, widest near basal ?¢, acutely rounded behind, the sides
broadly arcuate ; humeral plica rather long and strong, the impression dis-
tinct ; foveze deep ; subsutural impressions narrow and feeble, the suture finely
and not very strongly beaded basally, the bead feebly expanding at base. <Ab-
domen with the first segment widely overlapping the next, and with a very
minutely fringed coriaceous hind margin. Legs long, the femora all strongly
clavate, the posterior only slightly less so. Length 1.6mm. ; width 0.68 mm.

Michigan.

The description is drawn from the female, which is the only
sex which I have been able to examine; the species is rather
closely allied to atrum, but is notably narrower in the body,
with much less developed humeral plica and subhumeral impres-
sion, longer antennz with less abruptly formed club, much paler
legs and other characters of minor weight. The type was com-
municated by Mr. J. Croissandeau.

80. C. paganumna n. sp.—Moderately stout and ventricose, polished, im-
punctate, black throughout, the elytra with a feeble rufo-piceous tinge, the
legs and antennze pale rufo-testaceous; pubescence rather abundant, erect,
coarse, pale and conspicuous on the elytra. Head quite distinctly wider than
long, subcircular behind, the eyes rather large, convex and prominent ; an-
tennal prominences small but distinct, the front concave ; clypeus with strengly
setigerous punctures, the apical margin rectilinear but interrupted at the middle
by a minute and very broady rounded feeble projection. Antennz moderate,
not quite 14 as long as the body, slender, the club distinct but gradual ; sec-
ond joint long, very feebly obconic, 34 longer than wide, fully as long as the
next two and. but slightly thicker ; three to five subequal, cylindric, rather
longer than wide; sixth only just visibly wider and not quite as long as
wide; seventh 14 wider, 14 wider than long and more asperate; eighth
searcely 1g thicker, not quite as long-as wide ; ninth and tenth equal in width
and 4¢ wider than the eighth, 4% and about 2 wider than long respect-
ively ; eleventh a little thicker, obliquely and gradually pointed, somewhat
longer than the two preceding. Prothorax moderately large, nearly as long as
wide ; apex nearly 34 as wide as the base, the latter scarcely 14 wider than the

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 465

head ; surface strongly, transversely impressed near the base, the impression
not definitely interrupted at the middle. Elytra 24 longer than wide, evenly
oval, narrowly rounded at apex, much more than twice as long as the pro-
thorax and very nearly twice as wide, widest at basal 2; sides broadly
arcuate ; humeral plica distinct and moderatly long, the attendant impression
moderate in size but deep at base ; foveze distinct ; subsutural impressions
very conspicuous, the suture strongly beaded basally, the bead strongly ex-
panded at base. Abdomen with the first segment widely overlapping the next
and having a deep pale coriaceous hind margin. Legs well developed, the
femora moderately clavate. Length 1.4 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

Pennsylvania (locality unknown).

This species, which is represented by the female only, is some-
what similar in appearance to nigrum and atrum, but differs from
‘both in its smaller size and distinctly transverse penultimate
joint of the antenne; the subhumeral impression is nearly as in
nigrum, and is decidedly less developed than in atrum; the head
is relatively wider, more broadly rounded at base and with some-
what larger eyes than in nigrum.

81. C. limatum n. sp.—Not very stout, highly polished and impunctate,
dark rufo-testaceous, the antennze concolorous; elytra blackish-piceous through -
out. paler at apex from diaphaneity ; legs dark red-brown, the tarsi flavate;
pubescence abundant, long, erect and pale on the elytra. Head slightly wider
than long, parabolic behind, the eyes quite large, prominent and conspicuous ;
antennal prominences feeble, the front feebly impressed ; clypeus slighty ru-
gose, rectilinear at apex, with a very minute, broadly triangular and incon-
spicuous median projection. Antenne barely }¢ as long as the body, the club
rather narrow and somewhat gradual in formation but distinct ; second joint
stout, feebly obconic, #4 longer than wide, as long as the next two and much
thicker ; three to six equal in width; third distinctly shorter than wide ;
fourth and sixth as long as wide ; fifth slightly longer ; seventh fully 14 wider,
with a fine basal bead, 14 wider than long; eighth fully 2 wider than the
seventh, as long as wide; ninth and tenth very nearly equal, a little wider
than the eighth, scarcely 14 wider than long; eleventh somewhat thicker,
long, very gradually, obliquely and finely pointed, fully as long as the two
preceding. Prothorax well developed, scarcely as long as wide, conic ; apex
about 3% as wide as the base, the latter nearly 14 wider than the head ; sur-
face strongly impressed transversely near the base, the impression scarcely in-
terrupted. lytra rather long, oval, widest only slightly before the middle,
narrow at apex, %¢ longer than wide, distinctly more than twice as long as the
prothorax and about %4 wider ; sides broadly, evenly arcuate ; humeral plica
long and strong, the impression large and deep ; fovez deep ; subsutural im-
pressions very long and rather vague, the suture strongly beaded basally, the
bead expanded at base. Abdomen with the first segment overlapping the next
and fringed with a deep porrect submembranous border at apex. Legs long ;
femora rather strongly clavate, especially the anterior. Length 1.5 mm.;
width 0.65 mm.

466 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

Rhode Island (Boston Neck).

Allied to capillosulum, but much narrower and less ventricose
and differing in coloration. The blackish elytra with pale an-
terior parts is a form of coloration which is very rare in the
genus, and known to me otherwise only in nigripenne, which does
not belong to this division. Limatwm is represented before me -
by a single female example.

82. C. pumilum n. sp.—Moderately stout and but slightly ventricose,
polished and impunctate, piceous-black, the elytra rufo-testaceous, legs and
antennz pale rufous; pubescence abundant, coarse, pale, rather short and
recurved but without longer setz on the elytra. Head slightly wider than
long, broadly subcircular behind, the eyes only moderate in size and not very
prominent; front feebly concave; clypeus perfectly even and transversely recti-
linear at apex. Antenne nearly 14 as long as the body, slender, the club nar-
row but incrassate and somewhat abruptly formed; second joint obconic, 4
longer than wide, as long as the next two and much thicker; three to six equal
in width and smooth, the seventh and following rougher; eighth to eleventh
paler in color; third and sixth subequal and about as long as wide; fourth and
fifth nearly equal and just visibly longer; seventh just visibly thicker, nearly
as long as wide; eighth fully 24 wider than the seventh, only slightly nar-
rowed at base, fully as long as wide; ninth 14 and tenth nearly 14 wider than
the eighth, 1g and 7 wider than long respectively; eleventh distinctly stouter,
obliquely pointed in ogive, about as long as the two preceding. Prothorax
rather well developed but not as long as wide, conic with the sides broadly
arcuate; apex a little more than 144 as wide as the base, which is scarecly more
than 14 wider than the head; surface strongly biimpressed transversely near
the base. Elytra but slightly more than 1g longer than wide, much more
than twice as long as the prothorax and about #5 wider, widest but slightly
before the middle, the sides broadly arcuate; apex acutely rounded; humeral
plica moderate in length, strong and distinct, the adjacent impression deep
and rather conspicuous; foveze deep; subsutural impressions strong, the suture
with a distinct bead which is expanded at base. Abdomen with the basal
segment broadly arcuate at apex, overlapping the next and fringed with
coarse porrect and separated hairs. Legs moderate, the anterior femora very
strongly, the four posterior much less strongly, clavate; tarsi rather short and
somewhat compressed, the basal joint of the posterior distinctly shorter than
the next two combined. Length 0.9 mm.; width 0.4 mm.

New York (Hudson Valley); Canada (Ottawa); Iowa (lowa
City).

This species may be recognized at once in the present group
by its very small size, and unusually short basal joint of the hind
tarsi. The terminal spur of the hind tibiz in the male is very
slender but nearly straight, and is scarcely a third as long as the
tarsus. Several specimens.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 467

SMICROPHUS nz. gen.

In general organization the two minute species constituting

this genus are intimately allied to Euconnus; but they have two
charaeters which cannot be harmonized with any variation of that
complex, and I have therefore been obliged to separate them.
The head is far exserted as in Euconnus, but the eyes are large,
very prominent and situated at the middle of the sides. The other
character is quite extraordinary in the present group, though
common in the EKumicrini, and resides in the fact that the met-
episternum is broadly visible at the sides of the body. In Eu-
connus it frequently happens that this piece is exposed by acci-
dent, if the elytra be not placed closely against the body, but
here it appears to be a true exposure and cannot be entirely ac-
counted for in that way.
_ The head is usually small, and, while both the head and elytra
are glabrous, the prothorax bristles with unusually developed stiff
spiculesand hairs. The elytra, legs and palpi are as in Euconnus,
and the pronotum has two feeble subbasal fovez near the middle
but is otherwise unmodified. The hind coxe are moderately sepa-
rated and the mesosternum rather feebly carinate. The antenne
are moderate in length and have a 4-jointed club.

The two species may be separated by the following characters :—
Black throughout, larger, the elytra more inflated; head less minute, the eyes

relatively smaller, separated on the vertex by twice their own length.

1 leviceps
Black, the elytra dull rufous; head very small, the eyes relatively larger,

separated on the vertex by about 44 more than their own length; antennal
PLOMInences MOTE EVIAENL............... ce cece eee ececeeecneeeeee cee nes 2 evanescens

In distribution this genus is confined as far as known to the
regions east of the Rocky Mountains, but there is a bare possi-
bility that it may be very nearly identical with the form sepa-
rated by Mr. Croissandeau (Ann. Fr., 1893, p. 225) under the name
Microscydmus.

1. S. leviceps n. sp.—Rather stout and pyriform, polished, impunctate,
black throughout ; legs and antennz rufo-testaceous, the club of the latter
-dusky ; head and elytra glabrous, the former with a long seta immediately be-
hind each eye and another above the point of antennal insertion, and the latter
with a series of three or four erect setze near inner third and one or two exterior
to this ; prothorax bristling on the flanks with numerous stiff erect hairs and
‘spicules, which are fine on the disk anteriorly and nearly wanting posteriorly.

468 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

Head small, fully as long as wide, the eyes large, prominent, at the middle of
the sides, the occiput rounded at base, becoming less broadly rounded behind
the eyes ; antennal prominences very feeble or subobsolete, the cavities rather
widely separated on the declivous front ; clypeus normal, rectilinearly trun-
cate ; labrum large ; maxillary palpi normal. Antennz as long as the head and
prothorax, rather slender, the club narrow but very abrupt and parallel ;
second joint nearly as long as the first but much narrower, feebly obconie, as-
long as the next two and much thicker, scarcely 14 longer than wide ; three to:
six cylindric and subequal in width, the fifth rather more swollen; third fully,

the fourth and sixth not quite, as longas wide; fifth very little longer than
wide ; seventh only very slightly wider than the sixth, parallel, fully as long
as wide or rather longer; eighth fully 14 wider, as long as wide, feebly obconic;.
ninth and tenth just visibly wider, 14 and nearly 14 wider than long ; eleventh
not thicker, obliquely pointed, not more than 144 longer than the tenth.

Prothorax about as long as wide, % wider than the head, the sides feebly
arcuate and convergent nearly throughout anteriorly, but parallel near the
base ; surface smooth, with two feeble median fovez near the base which are
connected by a feeble impression ; disk without lateral foveze or basal modifica-
tion. Llytra short, oval, 14 longer than wide, scarcely twice as long as the
prothorax and 34 wider, oval, widest only slightly before the middle, the sides-
strongly, evenly arcuate throughout the length ; apexacutely ogival ; humeral
plica and impression obsolete ; basal foveze small and feeble ; subsutural im-
pressions obsolescent, the suture not beaded or modified toward base. Legs
slender, the femora subequally and only moderately clavate. Length 0.8 mm. ;
width 0.36 mm.

Iowa (Iowa City). Mr Wickham.

The abdomen is generally retired considerably within the
elytra at the sides, the flanks of the elytra being very deep. The:
posterior tarsi are of normal structure, filiform, with the first.
three joints equal, the fourth a little shorter. No sexual marks.
are discoverable in the two specimens before me.

2. S. evamescens n. sp.—Rather stout, only feebly ventricose, polished!
and impunctate, black, the elytra dark brownish-rufous, with the suture nar-
rowly blackish ; legs and antennz testaceous, the club of the latter dusky;:
head and elytra glabrous, with a few isolated setz as in the preceding species;.
prothorax densely bristling with unusually coarse hairs and slender spicules.
on the flanks and apical parts of the disk, the disk broadly and completely
glabrous toward base. Head very small, barely as long as wide, the eyes very
large, convex, prominent, coarsely faceted and situated at the middle of the
length ; occiput broadly rounded behind them, the tempora short and oblique;
vertex flattened ; antennal prominences small and feeble; clypeus simple.
Antennez slender, as long as the head and prothorax, the club rather narrow
and parallel but very abrupt ; second joint slightly shorter and thinner than
the first, oval, barely 24 longer than wide, as long as the next two and dis-
tinctly thicker ; three to seven equal in width, cylindric ; third and fourth

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 469

equal, quadrate ; sixth but little longer ; fifth and seventh about 14 longer
than wide ; eight to ten and basal 24 of the eleventh regularly obtrapezoidal;
eighth 44 wider than the seventh and as long as wide ; ninth and tenth just
visibly wider, 14 and 7 wider than long ; eleventh with the basal trapezoid
exactly equal to the tenth, the apex very abruptly narrowed and briefly acute.
Prothorax subparallel, abruptly narrowed at apex, scarcely as long as wide,
about 34 wider than the head ; surface with two small and rather feeble fovee
near the base, the transverse impression between them almost obsolete. Elytra
widest at about the middle, narrowed only very slightly thence to the base, 14
longer than wide, not twice as long as the prothorax and scarcely 14 wider,
oblique at the sides behind, the apex subacute; humeral plica and impression ob-
solete ; foveze nearly obsolete, represented only by the basal depression ; sub-
sutural impressions very feebly traceable, the suture feebly and broadly
elevated near the extreme base. Legs slender, the femora feebly clavate.
Length 0.7 mm.; width 0.3 mm.

Florida.

Allied evidently to the preceding but differing in its smaller
size, much smaller, less inflated and paler elytra, more bristling
pronotum, especially the median parts anteriorly, and in nume-
rous other characters. The single specimen before me gives no
external indication of sex.

ScyDM45NINI.

The substitution by Reitter of Cyrtoscydmus Mots., for Seyd-
menus Lat. (auct.), does not appear to be warranted, although it
should be stated that the original literature of the subject is not
fully accessible to me at present. In looking over the article on
Scydmeenidee in the “ Analecta Entomologica” of Schaum, I can
discover only two species which had been previously referred to by
Latreille. One of these is godartt, which was originally described
and named by that author, and therefore, in all probability, in-
tended by him to be the type of his genus Scydmeenus, and the
other an identification of the Fabrician hellwigi, which, accord-
ing to Schaum, was not hellwigi at all but the species afterwards
named tarsatus by Muller. If the literature quoted by Schaum
is complete, the case is therefore clearly determinable in favor of
the present identification of Scydmenus.

The Scydmeenini comprise two genera within our limits as
follows :—

‘Body ventricose ; prothorax cordiform, the pronotum impressed, foveate or

PUP OSEIA LEE DASE Seep oninie chic wcwsennecnitec telsesie pe css tens eisin re ableaarciee ob Scydmzenus

Body linear ; prothorax obovoidal, the pronotum wholly devoid of fovezx or
sculpture of any kind................ Fee ee aero cacacestedigne sme sdaesenoaies Catalinus

470 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

Catalinus is represented by a single species peculiar to the Pa-
cific coast fauna. Scydmeenus is abundant in species and dis-
tributed about equally over both slopes of the continent.

The European Neuraphes is closely allied to Scydmenus, but
differs in having the fovez at the base of the elytra spongiose and
not nude, and therefore forms a transition to the Cephenniini.
The long carine at the sides of the prothorax toward base also —
form a character which leads onward to the acute thoracic mar-
gins of Cephennium. Although Neuraphes therefore, is the most
obvious bond between Cephennium and the Scydmenide subuli-
palpi, there are many profound differences, especially in the
head and in the hind coxe, as well as in the entire facies of the
body.

SCYDMENUS Latr.

Among the genera common to Europe and North America,
Scydmeenus is the only one, except Cephennium, which so far as
known, is distributed throughout the United States; it is well
represented in the Atlantic regions, and, on the Pacific coast,
forms one of the most prominent types of the family. It can be
distinguished at once from any of the Euconnini by certain gen-
eral habital features, such as the smaller prothorax more dilated
anteriorly and more elliptical and convex elytra.

The head is always narrower than the prothorax, with the cly-
peus large, simple and truncate at apex, more or less dilated and
subangulate at the sides and separated from the front by a short
transverse sulcus, the neck wide and the nuchal constriction
moderate in depth, the occiput not having the deep vertical base
so general in the Euconnini. The eyes are at most median in
position, generally subbasal, and vary much in size, becoming
large and extremely prominent in Brachycepsis. The maxillary
palpi are well developed, with the second joint slender, bent and
clavate at apex, the third elongate, obconic, with rounded sides
and the fourth distinct though slender and very finely aciculate,
being occasionally more than half as long as the third. The an-
tenn are incrassate but never have a pronounced club, although
the three outer joints sometimes constitute a feeble club, and, in
one species of Brachycepsis, the five outer joints may be imagined
to have same status.

The prothorax is always dilated anteriorly, narrowed toward

Coleopterological Notices, VIL. 471

base and sinuate at the sides behind the middle, but the nature of
the sculpture near the basal margin differs very much in the
several subgenera. The scutellum is always distinct, except in
Parascydmus, where it becomes minute. The elytra are oval or
elliptical, generally very convex and frequently punctured in a
conspicuous manner, the basal impressions exceedingly small and
feeble in Scydmenus proper, but well developed in Brachycepsis
and Taphroscydmus; they narrowly overlap along the suture
posteriorly, the apex generally subtruncate with nearly right
sutural angles, but becoming broadly rounded witha feeble enter-
ing angle in some species of Brachycepsis, the dorsal pygidium
in these cases being usually visible but always nearly horizontal ;
humeri more or less visible in all except three of the species of
Parascydmus, where they are wholly obliterated, but almost ob-
solete also in Scydmenus perforatus and Taphroscydmus cali-

fornicus.

The mesosternum is more or less carinate, with the episternum
tumid and setose; met-episterna entirely covered by the elytra.
Abdomen normal, with the first four segments short, the last two
much developed in some forms of Brachycepsis. The hind coxz
are very narrowly separated, with the small prolongation of the
metasternum between them deeply and narrowly cleft. The iegs
are generally long and well developed, with the femora moderately
or feebly clavate, the anterior very strongly so in the subgenus
Seydmenus. Tarsi varying in structure in the several subgenera.

The secondary sexual characters generally affect the anterior
femora in the subgenus Scydmenus, but in turbatus the hind
trochanters are alone modified. In Brachycepsis they affect the
tibiz, hind trochanters and abdominal apex in various ways, ac-
cording to the species, while in Parascydmus they appear to be
altogether wanting.

The species are somewhat numerous and may be assigned to
four strongly differentiated subgenera as follows :—

Head not impressed ; pronotum with four subbasal fovez but frequently with
confused sculpture near the base, the prothorax dilated anteriorly, narrowed
and more or less feebly sinuate at the sides to the base ; hind tarsi elongate,
with the four basal joints decreasing in length ; scutellum distinct.......... I

Head impressed or biimpressed at the middle of the vertex.

Seutellum distinct ; prothorax constricted near basal third, with a short

and feeble transverse impression in the middle near the base and two large
foveze at each side within the constriction ; hind tarsi long and very slen-

472 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

der, with the four basal joints decreasing rapidly in length ; species gen-
erally rather large... «cisgeeecsecedeeaeecess >see aqe/desevediirceseacipecent ete eneeeeeeeae II
Scutellum very minute ; prothorax narrowed gradually toward base but not:
constricted, the pronotum with six subbasal foveze ; hind tarsi shorter,
with the four basal joints subequal ; species minute................seeeeeene Ii
Head with a large and deep excavation at the base of the occiput and a large
and profoundly excavated pit above and contiguous to each eye ; prothorax
feebly narrowed and subsinuate toward base, feebly biimpressed before the
scutellum and foveate at the sides ; hind tarsi long and slender, with the:
Joints decreasing in length ; scutellum distinct ; prosternum slightly devel-
OPE ElOre tHE! COR: 5. ccscc- aneeeeeseadecacseess onesies sls se epenelseee ee eee eee Ree EEEEeEEe Iv

The first two of these subgenera occur on both sides of the
continent, but the third appears to be confined to the more north-
ern regions of the Atlantic district, and the fourth to the true
Pacific coast fauna. The species may be separated as follows :—

Subgenus I.
Scydmeenus Lair.

Species of the Atlantic and Gulf regions.
Head smooth, not distinctly punctate in either sex.
Elytra very coarsely and conspicuously punctured, the pubescence long,.
erect or suberect and very distinct.

Elytra rather feebly inflated and strongly but gradually narrowed pos-
teriorly ; body black or paler ; anterior femora moderately angulate
above) im the male; ...d.ccscacarccvecscnscevsavocsseeoacoeereneee 1 perforatus

Elytra strongly inflated and less narrowed posteriorly, the humeri more-
evident ; punctures sparser ; body piceous, the elytra pale ; male with
the anterior femora very strongly angulate above............. 2 badius.

Elytra less coarsely and sometimes quite finely punctate ; humeri evident.

The punctures very sparse ; pubescence long, suberect and bristling.

3 conjux

The punctures close-set ; pubescence shorter, more inclined and re-

curved.

Body pale rufo-testaceous throughout, the elytral vestiture coarser
axicl MOTE MWLVOUS-...cce8 oeds- coerce -oece ce dnecnoga te eeaeeeee 4 cribrarius
Body piceous-black ; elytral punctures still finer and closer, the vesti-
ture finer and cinereous ; posterior trochanters dentate posteriorly
ANNE WMA AO ecererlereeisisieyscicleisee.eie «aise de -ee serene cer oe eeaeeeeee 5 turbatus.
Head strongly and closely punctate, at least in the male; elytral humeri

very evident, the vestiture coarse and fulvous.
Elytral punctures rather small but distinct, rather close-set, the pubescence:
somewhat short, abundant and recurved.................+: 6 puncticeps
Elytral punctures sparse and finer, much less distinct, the pubescence
longer; /Sparser and more erect... s.r. <n. o-sseeeevesneeceteeny 7 sculpticeps.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 473

Species of the Pacific coast faunal region.
Larger, rufo-testaceous throughout ; elytral punctures strong and distinct,

the vestiture coarse, shorter, fulvous and recurved........... 8 Ovipennis
Smaller and less stout, the elytral punctures fine, sparse and inconspicuous,
the pubescence longer, sparse and less recurved................+ 9 sparsus

Subgenus II.
Brachycepsis Bndl.

Elytral pubescence rather inconspicuous, finer or shorter and always strongly
recurved.

Head with a single large and very deep excavation, the binary nature of
which can only be discerned at its bottom ; species larger, the elytra
very feebly and sparsely punctulate.

Body stouter ; antennz more robust, with the penultimate joint strongly

transverse: 1 Californians ica. y.deeoces accesses ssisecleseeenanece 10 pacificus

Body less stout, the antennz more slender, with the penultimate joints

feebly transverse. Lake Superior...................00- 11 subpunctatus

Head with the two impressions rounded and distinct, not or only feebly coal-
escent.

Larger, black, the elytra with a feeble piceous tinge............. 12 tristis

Small, pale rufo-testaceous throughout.................s0c0eseeeeeees 13 fuchsi

Elytral pubescence very long, erect, bristling and conspicuous ; excavation of

the vertex transverse and not at all binary................... 14 pubipennis

Subgenus III.
Parascydmus n. sg.

Elytra oval and very convex, without trace of humeri, the sides very conver-
gent to the base of the prothorax ; subhumeral impression very small;
body black.

Prothorax finely carinate at each side toward base.
Larger species, more than 1 mm. in length; head larger, with the tem-
pora less convergent and almost as prominent as the eyes.
15 ventriculus
Smaller, less than 1 mm. in length, the head smaller, with the tempora
rapidly convergent behind the eyes.................... 16 corpusculum
Prothorax not carinate at the sides ; body much more elongate ; head small,
with the tempora rounded and very convergent behind the eyes.
17 caducus
Elytra less oval, less narrowed at base and not so convex, the humeri some-
what evident ; subhumeral impression longer and more conspicuous ; body
dark brown in color ; prothorax not carinate at the sides....... 18 exiguus

Subgenus IV.
Taphroscydmus n. sg.

Elongate-oval, blackish, the elytra, legs and antennz testaceous ; pubescence
rather short, coarse and Sparse...............ss00s ueodeaddeoogose 19 californicus

474 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

1. 8S. perforatus Schaum—Analecta Entomologica, 1841, p. 9; Lec..
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 151.

Not very stout and only moderately ventricose, polished, im-
punctate anteriorly, the elytra very coarsely and deeply but some-
what sparsely punctate, the punctures much feebler toward apex ;
body black, or piceous with the eiytra paler brownish; prothorax
paler at base and apex; legs and antenne pale rufo-testaceous ;
pubescence cinereous, fine and rather sparse anteriorly, long,
erect but somewhat sparse on the elytra. Head much wider
than long, 4 wider than the neck, the tempora short, broadly
rounded ; eyes moderate in size but convex and prominent. An-
tenne about 4 as long as the body, quite strongly incrassate to-
ward apex, the club not distinct; second joint obconic, nearly
twice as long as wide, slightly thicker but much shorter than the
next two; three to six equal in width; three to five distinctly
elongate; sixth shorter and but very slightly longer than wide;
seventh more than } wider, subquadrate, as long as wide; eighth
4+ wider than the preceding, conic at apex, transversely truncate
at base, slightly wider than long; ninth nearly 4 wider than the
eighth; eight to ten increasing rapidly and evenly in width,
similar but successively more transverse; ninth 4, tenth nearly $
wider than long; eleventh rather narrower than the tenth, gradu-
ally pointed and narrowly ogival almost from the base, a little
shorter than the two preceding. Prothorax not quite as long as
wide, nearly 3 wider than the head, swollen and arcuate at
the sides anteriorly, broadly constricted toward base, with two
small and approximate fovee at the middle near the base and a
larger one at each side less basal, also with a few punctures lat-
erally toward base. Scutellum angulate behind. Elytra elongate,
gradually, rather acutely pointed behind from basal 2, nearly 4
longer than wide, 23 times as long as the prothorax and 2 wider,
broadly rounded and convergent at the sides toward base, the
basal margin broadly, feebly sinuate; basal fovee obsolete, the
impressions very small, feeble and basal; suture not modified.
Legs slender; anterior femora moderately, the other four feebly,
clavate; tarsi slender and filiform; first four joints of the pos-
terior rapidly decreasing in length, the first much longer than the
second. Length 1.15-1.2 mm.; width 0.45-0.52 mm.

Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania and lowa (Cedar
Rapids). A well known species but closely allied to three or four

Coleopterolugical Notices, VII. 475

others found in the same geographical regions, so that a detailed
description is necessary. Perforatus may be known by its rather
narrow form, long and narrowly oval, gradually pointed and
very coarsely punctate elytra and somewhat strongly incrassate
antenne, with the penultimate joints moderately transverse.
In the male from Iowa the penultimate joints of the antenne are a
little less transverse, and the eleventh more elongate than in: the
male described above, being equal to the two preceding together.

The anterior femora of the male in this species, as well as in
badius, are swollen much more than in the female and are angu-
late above.

2. §. badius n. sp.—Rather strongly ventricose, polished, impunctate
anteriorly, the elytra coarsely but sparsely punctate; body piceous in color, the
elytra generally much paler; legs and antennze pale testaceous ; pubescence
moderately abundant, shorter and inconspicuous anteriorly, rather long stiff
fulvous and suberect but strongly recurved on the elytra. Head much wider
than long, the eyes prominent and rather large, much longer than the tem-
pora ; edges of the front above the antenne slightly elevated. Antenne a lit-
tle less than 1% as long as the body, gradually and moderately incrassate
toward tip; second joint almost as long as the first but thinner, feebly
obconic, 34 longer than wide, 44 longer than the third and much thicker ;
three to six equal in width, cylindric ; third %, fourth 14, fifth nearly 14, sixth
1g, longer than wide ; seventh nearly 14 thicker, more rounded, not quite as
long as wide, almost similar to the eighth, the latter just perceptibly thicker ;
ninth 7, tenth 14, thicker than the eighth, 14 and %£ wider than long respec-
tively ; eleventh fully as thick as the tenth, about as long as the two preced-
ing, very obliquely and acutely pointed. Prothorax about as long as wide,
fully 14 wider than the head, dilated and narrowly rounded laterally at apical
third, the sides thence moderately convergent and broadly sinuate to the base ;
four subbasal foveze not connected but very irregular in form, the less basal
and larger depression at each side enclosing a small setigerous tubercle as is
frequently the case also in other allied species. Scutellum distinct, parabolic.
Elytra % longer than wide, not quite three times as long as the prothorax and
about 44 wider, widest as basal #4, gradually narrowed in ogive toward tip ;
sides strongly rounded at base to the prothorax, the humeri somewhat evident ;
subhumeral impression very small; inner fovea large; subsutural impres-
sions just traceable, the suture not modified. Legs slender, the femora feebly
clavate, the anterior more strongly, particularly in the male; tarsi slender
and filiform, the four basal joints of the posterior decreasing rapidly in length
as usual. Length 1.1-1.25 mm.; width 0.5-0.62 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.); Virginia (Fredericksburg);
Canada (Ottawa).
The anterior femora of the Pennsylvania male described above

476 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

are strongly swollen and angulate above beyond the middle, the
apical slope of the angle nearly straight in profile and minutely
irregular or subserrulate. In the female these femora are more
clavate than the other four but are simple, and in that sex the
antenne are a little shorter but nearly similar, except that the
fifth and sixth joints are distinctly thicker than the two preced-
ing. In general form of the body and outline of the elytra the
two sexes are almost exactly similar. The head seems to be rela-
tively smaller in some females than in others.

This species, while allied to perforatus, differs conspicuously
in its more dilated hind body and perceptibly less coarse and
somewhat sparser punctures, also in its shorter, more fulvous and
more recurved pubescence of the elytra, much more irregular sub-
basal fovez of the pronotum, color and other characters. In the
series of eight specimens before me the largest and smallest indi-
viduals are both females. The single example from Ottawa, com-
municated by Mr. W. H. Harrington, has the elytra more elon-
gate, but does not appear to differ much otherwise; it is pale
testaceous throughout, as however are several of the Pennsyl-
vania specimens. The Virginia representatives have the pro-
thorax rather more inflated anteriorly.

3. S. comjux n. sp.—Moderately stout, polished, impunctate anteriorly,
the elytra strongly but sparsely and not very coarsely punctate ; body piceous-
black, the elytra slightly paler and rufescent, the abdomen slightly paler at
apex ; legs and antennz rufo-testaceous ; pubescence moderately abundant,
rather long coarse pale semi-erect and recurved on the elytra, shorter and less
conspicuous anteriorly. Head much wider than long, the eyes rather well de-
veloped, convex, longer than the tempora. Antenne a little less than 14 as
long as the body, gradually incrassate toward tip ; second joint as long as the
first but thinner, feebly obconic, 14 longer than wide, only slightly longer
than the third but obviously thicker ; third and fourth narrowest, cylindrie,
equal in width, 2 and 4 longer than wide; fifth and sixth just visibly
thicker, 14 and 1, longer than wide ; seventh nearly 14 thicker, suboval,
as wide as long, very nearly as wide as the eighth, which is more than
4 wider than long and conic at apex ; ninth and tenth almost exactly equal,
fully % wider than the eighth, strongly obtrapezoidal and transverse, nearly
1g wider than long; eleventh about as long as the two preceding and not
wider, obliquely and acutely pointed. Prothorax not quite as longas wide, 4
wider than the head, only moderately inflated and rounded laterally toward
apex, the sides feebly convergent but distinctly sinuate toward base; four
subbasal fovese isolated and not jointed by impressions but irregular in form,
the irregular cluster at the sides deep. Elytra suboblong-oval, % longer than
wide, obviously less than three times as long as the prothorax and about 4

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 477

wider, parabolic at tip, widest at basal 2, the sides more rounded at base, the
humeri rather evident ; impressions at the base almost obsolete ; inner fovea
-distinct ; subsutural impressions rather distinct, the suture feebly elevated to-
ward base but not beaded. Legs slender, the femora feebly clavate, the an-
terior only just visibly more strongly. Length 1.25 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

Towa (Iowa City). Mr. Wickham.

The single type before me is probably a female, but the species
-ean be readily distinguished from perforatus by its more oblong
-elytra, with more basally exposed humeri, obvious subsutural im-
pressions with elevated suture, and smaller and still sparser ely-
‘tral punctures; the head is larger than in perforatus, and the
prothorax is less swollen anteriorly and less narrowed at base.

4. §. cribrarius Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1852, p. 151.

Moderately stout, rather feebly ventricose, polished, impunc-
‘tate anteriorly, the elytra distinctly and rather closely punctate ;
body pale rufo-testaceous throughout, the legs and antenne con-
-colorous; pubescence abundant, short and inconspicuous an-
‘teriorly, pale fulvous, coarse, moderate in length, suberect, strongly
‘recurved and very conspicuous on the elytra. Head transverse,
‘the eyes rather large and prominent, nearly twice as long as the
‘tempora; fourth joint of the maxillary palpi 4as long as the
‘third but slender and finely aciculate. Antenne rather less than
tas long as the body, gradually incrassate; second joint much
‘shorter and narrower than the first, feebly obconic, $ longer than
wide, 4 longer than the third and distinctly thicker; third and
fourth equal in width, 3 and j longer than wide, the next two
just visibly thicker, 3 longer than wide and quadrate; seventh
and eighth nearly 3 thicker than the sixth, almost equal and sub-
globular; ninth 3, the tenth 3, thicker than the eighth, } and $
wider than long respectively; eleventh barely as long as the two
preceding, ogival. Prothorax not as long as wide, nearly 3 wider
‘than the head, strongly dilated and laterally rounded in apical
half, the sides strongly convergent and distinctly sinuate thence
to the base; surface slightly uneven and indefinitely rugulose
‘transversely near the base, and with one or two minute tubercular
setigerous punctures at the sides and less basal. Scutellum dis-
‘tinct, rounded at tip. EHlytra elongate-oval, $ longer than wide,
between two and three times as long as the prothorax and fully ?
wider, widest at basal 2 but with the sides broadly and evenly
-arcuate throughout; humeri somewhat visible at base; subhu-

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Sct., IX, May, 1897.—32.

478 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

meral impression small and faint but extending somewhat from
the base; inner fovea large; suture not modified, the impressions
obsolete. Legs slender, the anterior femora somewhat strongly,
the middle moderately and the posterior feebly, clavate. Length
1.25 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

Austral regions of the Appalachian mountain system. This
species is very distinct from per/foratus in its larger size, smaller
punctures and much shorter, coarser, more abundant and re-
curved fulvous pubescence of the elytra. It differs from badzus:
in it denser punctures and pubescence, more elongate and less
dilated elytra and longer prothorax. It is described above from.
the female.

5. S. turbatus n. sp.—Rather stout and ventricose, polished, sparsely,.
unevenly and very feebly punctulate anteriorly, finely and closely but obviously
punctured on the elytra, blackish-piceous throughout, the legs and antennz-
pale ; pubescence abundant, sparse and shorter anteriorly, dull cinereous,
moderate in length, recurved and conspicuous but rather fine on the elytra, the:
hairs becoming short toward the suture behind the middle. Head transverse,
the eyes rather large, moderately convex, nearly twice as long as the tempora;.
vertex broadly flattened. Antenne about 14 as long as the body, gradually
and moderately incrassate; second joint distinctly shorter and very slightly
narrower than the first, oval, narrowed at base, 14 longer than wide, 24 longer
than the third and much thicker ; three to eight evenly and just visibly in-
creasing in width; third 14, fourth and fifth scarcely 14, longer than wide ;.
sixth subglobular, as long as wide; seventh very slightly, the eighth more
obviously, wider than long; eight to eleven increasing regularly but more
rapidly in width, without trace of club, distinctly and almost equally wider
than long ; eleventh about as long as the two preceding, ogival and slightly
oblique at tip. Prothorax not quite as long as wide, about 1g wider than the-
head, swollen and strongly rounded laterally in apical half, the sides rather
strongly convergent and broadly sinuate thence to the base ; surface confusedly
rugose for some distance from the basal margin throughout the width. Scutel-
lum distinct, triangular, rather longer than wide. /ytra evenly elliptical,.
nearly 14 longer than wide, not quite three times as long as the prothorax and
almost twice as wide ; sides evenly arcuate ; humeri rather distinct at base;.
subhumeral impression nearly obsolete ; inner fovea distinct, the outer obso-
lete. Legs slender, the femora feebly clavate, the anterior more strongly..
Length 1.25 mm.; width 0.62 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

A distinct species, readily identifiable among the eastern
species of this genus by the male modification of the posterior
trochanters, these being acutely angulate and prominent at.
apex though not much produced. The description is taken from:

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 479

the male, but the female differs in no respect, except its slightly
smaller head and just visibly shorter antennze; the anterior
femora are similar and normal in both sexes.

6. S. pumcticeps n. sp.—Rather stout and somewhat strongly ventricose,
polished, rufo-testaceous throughout, the head strongly and closely, the elytra
equally strongly, but less closely, punctate, the punctures smalland not much
impressed ; pubescence almost wanting on the head, excepting a few short
hairs laterally, sparse short and indistinct on the pronotum, longer coarse ful-
vous suberect recurved and conspicuous on the elytra. Head transverse,
slightly flattened above in the punctured area, the latter divided longi-
tudinally by an impunctate line, the punctures evanescent toward the ‘base and
eyes, the latter large, convex, more than twice as long as the tempora ; front
slightly produced and rounded between the antennz, the usual transverse
groove separating it from the clypeus more pronounced. Antenne slender, 7
as long as the body, gradually and moderately incrassate; second joint slender,
slightly shorter and much narrower than the first, feebly obconic, 34 longer
than wide, much shorter than the next two but only slightly thicker ; three
to five increasing just visibly in thickness, the sixth as wide as the fifth; third
nearly 14, fourth 14, fifth 2¢ and sixth 14, longer than wide; seventh and
eighth equal in width, obtrapezoidal, broadly conic at apex, 7 wider than the
sixth, equal and barely as long as wide ; ninth and tenth subsimilar in outline
to the eighth; % and 14 wider, % and 14 wider than long; eleventh oval,
acutely and obliquely pointed, fully as thick as the tenth and as long as the
two preceding. Prothorax nearly as long as wide, fully 14 wider than the
head, dilated and broadly rounded laterally in apical 24, somewhat con-
stricted at basal third, the base slightly expanded ; disk impunctate, except
along the basal margin, where the punctures are confused and subrugose.
Scutellum distinct, parabolic, as wide as long. Elytra large, 14 longer than
wide, three times as long as the prothorax and twice as wide, elliptical, the
sides parallel and evenly arcuate ; humeri pronounced at base ; subhumeral
impression very feeble, the plica somewhat distinct ; inner fovea large. Legs
slender ; femora feebly clavate, the anteriorrather strongly. Length 1.4mm.;
width 0.65 mm.

North Carolina (Asheville).

The sculpture and modified front of the head may be secondary
sexual characters to some extent, but there are no other exposed
features which may enable us to determine the sex of the unique
type. The anterior femora and posterior trochanters are simple.
The four basal joints of the hind tarsi decrease gradually in
length. This species and the next depart from all other Ameri-
can representatives of the genus in the cephalic characters
alluded to.

7. §. sculpticeps n. sp.—Moderately stout and ventricose, polished and
tufo-testaceous throughout ; head closely and strongly punctured except to-

480 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

ward the base and eyes, nearly as in puncticeps ; elytra finely and rather sparsely
punctate ; pubescence moderately abundant, short on the head and pronotum,
long, erect, pale and conspicuous on the elytra. Head slightly transverse, the
eyes large and moderately prominent, more than twice as long as the tempora;
vertex feebly convex; front impunctate, produced, narrowly rounded and only
feebly declivous between the antennze; maxillary palpi moderately developed.
Antennx slender, moderately and gradually incrassate, 24 as long as the body;
second joint shorter and very much thinner than the first, subeylindric, %
longer than wide, much shorter and thicker than the next two; three to seven
increasing almost uniformly and just visibly in width; third 4 longer than
wide; fourth and fifth subquadrate; sixth and seventh obtrapezoidal, slightly
wider than long; eighth scarcely 14 wider than sae seventh; eight to ten in-
creasing uniformly and more rapidly in width, 1g, 75 and 9% wider than long;
eleventh shorter than the two preceding, ee and obliquely ogival at tip.

Prothorax very nearly as long as wide, the sides rounded anteriorly, conver-
gent and subconstricted toward base, rather more than 14 wider than the head,

impunctate but feebly, sparsely and altogether indefinitely sculptured near
the basal margin, with the usual deeper and less basal impression at each side.
Scutellum distinct, parabolic, as wide as long. Elytra moderate, subelliptical,
the sides evenly rounded, %£ longer than wide, 244 times as long as the pro-
thorax and scarcely #5 wider, the humeri rounded to the prothorax and quite
distinct; subhumeral impression small and feeble; inner fovea moderate. Legs
slender, the anterior femora moderately, the other four feebly, clavate. Length
1.25 mm.; width 0.55 mm.

Texas (near Austin).

The single specimen represents a species closely allied to punc-
ticeps, but differing in its smaller size, smaller elytra, relatively
larger prothorax and smaller head, much longer pubescence,
shorter antenne and several other characters. The punctures of
the head in this species bear each a short stiff and erect hair,
while in puncticeps they are nude, although the type specimen is
in a perfect state of preservation. The type above described is
probably the male.

8. S. Ovipennis n. sp. —Stouf, strongly ventricose, polished, subimpunc-
tate anteriorly, the elytra rather coarsely and deeply but not very closely punc-
tate; body pale rufo-testaceous throughout; pubescence pale, very short, sparse
and indistinct anteriorly, moderately long, suberect, recurved and conspicuous
on the elytra. Head distinctly wider than long, the eyes rather large and
convex, much longer than the tempora; fourth palpal joint fully 3% as long
as the third, acutely conic and finely aciculate. Antenne about 14 as long
as the body, slender, gradually and moderately incrassate, the 3-jointed club
somewhat distinct; second joint only ete ney shorter but much thinner than
the first, arcuately narrowed toward base, 24 longer than wide, 14 longer than
the third and distinctly thicker; three to five just visibly increasing in width,

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 481

2¢, 14 and 14 longer than wide; sixth not wider but shorter, 44 longer than
wide; seventh and eighth equal in width, nearly 1g thicker, obtrapezoidal in
basal 34, as long as wide and a little shorter respectively; ninth and tenth sub-
similar, obtrapezoidal, more than 1g and nearly 14 thicker than the eighth,
and 14 wider than long; eleventh unusually short, only 14 longer than the
tenth and fully as wide, obliquely ogival in apical half. Prothorax relatively
small, scarcely as long as wide, barely 14 wider than the head, prominent and
narrowly rounded laterally at apical third, the sides thence rather feebly con-
vergent and very broadly sinuate to the base; surface with a continuous chain
of irregular sculpture transversely near the base, flexed slightly forward at the
sides. Scutellum distinct, nearly as wide as long, ogival. Elytra nearly
14 longer than wide, almost three times as long as the prothorax and twice as
wide, almost evenly elliptical, only just visibly wider at basal 74; subhumeral
impression rather distinct but small, transverse and deep along the basal
Margin; inner fovea large and deep; suture not modified, the impressions obso-
lete. Legs slender, the anterior femora rather strongly, the four posterior feebly,
clavate. Length 1.2-1.4 mm.; width 0.6-0.68 mm.

California (Siskiyou, Humboldt, Sonoma and Nevada Cos.).

This is a very abundant species in the northern and hilly parts
of California, probably extending in its range much further to
the northward. The description is drawn from the male,in which
sex the anterior femora are a little more strongly clavate, the thick-
ened portion rather strongly rounded but not angulate and at a
point much nearer the apex than in the eastern species, with the
apical slope very rapid and feebly granulato-serrulate. The fe-
male differs scarcely at all in antennal structure, but has the
elytra a little more inflated. There is but little similarity between
this species and sparsus, it being much larger, more ventricose
and much more strongly sculptured.

9. 8. sparsus Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 151; cautus
Lee. : i. litt.

Moderately stout and rather feebly ventricose, polished, im-
punctate anteriorly, the elytra sparsely and quite finely punctate ;
body piceous-black, the elytra paler, dark testaceous; legs and
antennz pale; pubescence rather sparse and short anteriorly,
long, suberect, pale and conspicuous on the elytra. Head slightly
transverse, the eyes moderate in size and prominence, only
slightly longer than the tempora. Antenne about 4 as long as
the body, gradually and moderately incrassate toward tip; joints
three to five distinctly longer than wide and subequal, the sixth
shorter and only slightly elongate; seventh and eighth distinctly
thicker, subequal and fully as long as wide; ninth and tenth ob-

482 Coleopterological Notices, VLI.

trapezoidal, more than + and 4 wider than the eighth, and 4 and
2 wider than long respectively; eleventh fully as thick as the
tenth and as long as the two preceding, obliquely pointed toward
apex. Prothorax not quite as long as wide, nearly 3 wider than
the head, dilated and broadly rounded laterally in apical half, the
sides thence strongly convergent and feebly sinuate to the base ;
four subbasal fovez very irregular and feebly connected in twos,
the sides more anteriorly also having two or three deep approxi-
mate fovere. Scutellum very narrow and elongate, narrowly
parabolic. Elytra scarcely more than 2 longer than wide,
slightly less than three times as long as the prothorax and
nearly + wider, oval, widest at basal 2? but with the sides broadly
arcuate, narrowly parabolic toward tip; subhumeral impression
quite distinct and elongate; inner fovea large; suture not modi-
fied, the impressions obsolete. Legs slender, the anterior femora
rather strongly, the four posterior very feebly, clavate; tarsi
long, the posterior very slender, with the four basal joints de-
creasing gradually and not very rapidly in length. Length 1.15
mm.; width 0.5 mm,

California. This species is one of the smallest of Scydmeznus
proper and may be known by its coloration, sparse and rather
small elytral punctures and other characters.

The name cautus was applied in manuscript by LeConte to the
entirely testaceous specimens of this species, and the name is
published, as far I am aware, only in the LeConte list of Coleo-
ptera.

10. S. pacificus n. sp.—Elongate, suboval, moderately ventricose, pale
and uniform rufo-testaceous throughout, polished, subimpunctate, the elytra
sparsely and very feebly though rather coarsely punctulate, rather sparsely and
inconspicuously pubescent, the hairs of the elytra moderate in length, suberect
and recurved. Head wider than long, the eyes large, prominentand subbasal,
the tempora very short and convérgent ; impression of the vertex deep and
distinctly double at the bottom, subquadrate. Antennx fully 14 as longas the
body, very evenly, gradually and moderately incrassate from near the base to
the apex ; second joint much shorter and narrower than the first, 1g longer
and only slightly thicker than the third, cylindric and 1g longer than wide ;
third to tenth increasing in width and gradually more transverse ; fifth longer
than wide, spherical at base and apex; sixth as long as wide; seventh
distinctly wider; seven to ten transverse, the club, if any, being 5-jointed.
Prothorax almost as long as wide, more than 14 wider than the head, dilated

and strongly, circularly rounded at the sides in apical half, constricted at basal
third ; surface with a short transverse impression near the base at the middle,

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 483

also coarsely biimpressed laterally within the constriction. Scutellum distinct.
Elytra elongate-oval, widest and somewhat angulate broadly at the sides at
basal 76; humeri broadly rounded to the prothorax ; humeral plica and im-
pression rather long and distinct ; inner fovea large ; subsutural impressions
rather distinct ; suture narrowly elevated toward base. Dorsal pygidium well
exposed behind, parabolic. Legs long ; femora distinctly and equally clavate;
hind tarsi very long and filiform, the four basal joints decreasing rapidly in
length, the first almost as long as the next two. Length 1.5-1.65 mm.;
width 0.6-0.7 mm.

California (Humboldt and Marin Cos.).

In the male of this species the last two ventral segments are
much more convex than the remainder of the abdomen, and al-
most equal the first four in length, the sixth long, parabolic and
evenly convex throughout, the posterior trochanters prolonged
posteriorly in a slender corneous process, and the hind tibize
thickened and internally flattened near the apex.

11. S. subpunctatus Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 150.

Hlongate-oval, moderately stout, polished, subimpunctate, the
elytra not finely but very feebly and remotely punctulate, dark
’ rufo-piceous throughout, the legs and antenne slightly paler and
more ferruginous; pubescence rather sparse and inconspicuous.
Head transverse, the eyes very large, prominent and subbasal,
with the tempora very short and convergent to the neck, the im-
pression of the vertex large, transverse, deep and single, its pos-
terior margin rounded, the anterior transversely rectilinear ; front
strongly declivous anteriorly to the rather large and horizontal
clypeus. Antenne slender, fully $ as long as the body, gradually
and moderately incrassate from the third joint to the apex; sec-
ond joint as long as the first and only slightly narrower, cylin-
dric, 2 longer than wide, nearly 4 longer than the third but
scarcely visibly thicker; third to fifth subequal in length, about
4+ longer than wide; sixth shorter, scarcely 4 longer than wide ;
seventh nearly globular; eighth slightly wider than long; tenth
moderately transverse; eleventh almost as long as the two pre-
ceding. Prothorax not quite as long as wide, rather more than +
wider than the head, inflated and rounded laterally in apical half,
constricted at a considerable distance from the base; surface with
a short and feeble transverse impression near the base, and two
larger impressions at each side in the lateral constriction. Scu-
tellum moderate. Elytra oval, widest and more prominently
rounded at basal 2, 4 longer than wide, 24 times as long as the

484. Coleopterological Notices, VII.

prothorax and + wider; humeri quite evident, the plica strong ;:
subhumeral impression rather small, the inner fovea distinct ;
subsutural impressions narrow, short and feeble, the suture ex--
tremely finely and feebly elevated near the base. Legs long, the
femora rather strongly and equally clavate. Length 1.6 mm.;.
width 0.65 mm.

Lake Superior. This species is closely allied to pacificus, but
has the antenne still more slender with the outer joints less trans-
verse. The above description is taken from a female specimen in
rather poor condition, but the species may be known by its rather
large size, short, sparse and not very conspicuous elytral vestiture-
and dark coloration.

12. 8. tristis n. sp.—Moderately stout and ventricose, polished, subim-
punctate, the minute punctulation of the elytra barely traceable ; body black,
the elytra with a faint piceous tinge, the abdomen piceous at tip; legs and
antenne dark rufo-testaceous, the tarsi paler ; pubescence sparse and indistinct
anteriorly, rather short coarse cinereous recurved and distinet.on the elytra..
Head wider than long, the eyes rather large, strongly convex and subbasal, the
tempora very short and convergent; vertex with two large rounded foveiform
impressions ; clypeus convex. Antenne slender, very gradually incrassate-
from near the base, nearly 14 as long as the body ; second joint distinctly
shorter and thinner than the first, cylindric, nearly 44 longer than wide, fully
1g longer and distinctly thicker than the third ; three to ten gradually and
slowly increasing in width ; third much shorter than the fourth, 4 longer
than wide ; fourth %, fifth larger and fully 24, longer than wide ; sixth sub--
globular ; seventh 14, eighth shorter, #4, wider than long ; ninth and tenth
longer and larger, nearly equal, 14 wider than long ; eleventh not wider, not
as long as the two preceding, gradually and narrowly ogival and scarcely
oblique toward tip. Prothorax about as long as wide, fully 4 wider than the-
head, dilated and strongly rounded laterally before the middle, constricted at
basal third ; disk with a short and feeble transverse impression near the base
terminating at each end in a foveiform impression, the two large fovez at each
side within the constriction well developed. Scutellum moderate, parabolic,
wider than long. Elytra 14 longer than wide, nearly three times as.
long as the prothorax and almost twice as wide, elongate-oval, widest
and more prominent at the sides at basal % ; humeri evident at base, the
humeral plica narrow and distinct ; subhumeral impression narrow, moderate
in length, deep and conspicuous ; inner fovea large ; subsutural impressions
feeble, the suture finely and feebly elevated toward base. Dorsal pygidium:
only exposed at the extreme tip. Legs Jong and slender, the four anterior

femora moderately, the posterior feebly, clavate ; tarsi long and very slender. -

Length 1.3 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

Colorado.
The unique male type has the posterior trochanters simple,.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 485

but the hind tibiz are broadly subprominent within at apical
third, the prominence rendered more conspicuous by a brush of
stiff hairs ; last two segments of the abdomen together not longer
than the preceding three, the sixth moderate in size, circular at ~
tip, with the surface only feebly convex and not distinctly modi-
fied.

This species may be readily distinguished from subpunctatus
by the two separated foveiform impressions of the head, smaller
size and more conspicuous elytral pubescence.

13. §. fuchsi Bnodl.—Entomologica Americana, V, p. 193 (Brachycepsis).

Moderately stout and ventricose, highly polished, subimpunc-
tate, pale rufo-testaceous throughout; pubescence rather sparse,
searcely distinct anteriorly, longer suberect and recurved on the
elytra. Head slightly wider than long, the eyes large and very
prominent, nearly at the base, the tempora very short and con-
vergent behind them; impression of the vertex large and deep,
consisting of two large fovez feebly coalescent; clypeus large.
Antenne almost half as long as the body, slender, gradually and
rather strongly incrassate toward tip; second joint cylindric, a
little shorter and much narrower than the first, 2 longer than
wide, 4 longer than the third but much thicker; three to six just
visibly increasing in thickness and becoming gradually more oval,
with prominent basal bead ; third rather more, the fourth a little
less, than 4, fifth 2, sixth +, longer than wide; seventh 4, eighth
2, thicker than the sixth, as long as wide and very slightly trans-
verse respectively, both strongly conic at apex; ninth and tenth
much larger, 2 and 2 wider than the eighth, feebly obtrapezoidal,
4 and nearly $ wider than long; eleventh scarcely as wide as the
tenth, ogival, not as long as the two preceding. Prothorax
nearly as long as wide, + wider than the head, almost angularly
prominent laterally in apical half, constricted at basal third ; sur-
face just visibly impressed transversely for a short distance in the
middle near the base but not foveate, the lateral fovea feeble and
indefinite. Scutellum distinct, triangular, rather wider than long.
Elytra elongate-oval, widest near basal 2,4 longer than wide, al-
most three times as long as the prothorax and about twice as wide,
broadly rounded at the sides, the humeri strongly rounded and
somewhat visible at base; subhumeral impression long, deep and
distinct, the humeral plica strong and elongate; inner fovea
moderate; subsutural impressions obvious, the suture feebly

486 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

elevated toward base. Legs long and slender, the femora moder-
ately clavate, the anterior not distinctly more strongly. Length
1.1 mm.; width 0.5 mm.

California (Marin and San Francisco Cos.). The male second-
ary characters of this species differ conspicuously from those of
the allied but much larger pacificus, the hind trochanters being
perfectly simple and the posterior tibize less flattened internally
toward tip. In the male of fuchsi the sixth ventral is narrowly
_ rounded at tip, flat at base, becoming upwardly declivous at basal

2 along a broadly angulate transverse line, the basal parts of the
ascending portion finely punctulate, the last two segments equal-
ling the preceding four in length; the anterior tibize become
slender and slightly sigmoid distally, and are finely prominent
and with a cluster of bristles within at apex; the middle tibiz
are slender, broadly bent inward distally, and have a long slender
internal process at tip. The dorsal pygidium is slightly exposed
behind the elytra and is circularly rounded. The female has the
elytra a little less elongate, the prothorax relatively somewhat
larger and the head smaller, the antenne differing very little.

14. S. pubipennis n. sp.—Rather stout and ventricose, polished, the
elytra subimpunctate; body black throughout, the elytra scarcely visibly pi-
cescent in strong light; legs and antennez pale, rufo-testaceous; pubescence
abundant, shorter and less distinct anteriorly, very long erect pale and ex-
tremely conspicuous on the elytra. Head but slightly wider than long, greatly
narrowed before the eyes, which are large, subbasal and extremely convex and

prominent; tempora very short and transversely rounded to the neck; vertex
transversely impressed from side to side; labrum blackish. Antennz long and
very slender, gradually and feebly incrassate from near the base, almost 9 as
long as the body; second joint only slightly shorter but much narrower than
the first, ohconic, 34 longer than wide, 14 longer than the third and distinctly
thicker; third and fourth subequal, nearly 14 longer than wide; fifth longer,
36 longer than wide; three to five subequal in width and cylindric; sixth
shorter and nearly |4 thicker, more oval, about % longer than wide; six to ten
increasing slowly and with perfect regularity in width; seventh slightly elong=-
ate; eighth as wide as long; ninth and tenth feebly obtrapezoidal, only slightly
wider than long; eleventh fully as wide as the tenth, much shorter than the
two preceding, obtusely parabolic and slightly oblique at apex. Prothorax
nearly as long as wide, almost 1 wider than the head, strongly dilated and
narrowly rounded at the sides at apical third, constricted near basal third; apex
truncate and only slightly more than 43 as wide as the base; surface trans-
versely impressed near the base, the flanks bifoveate within the constriction.
Scutellum rather large, very distinct, equilatero-triangular. Hlytra moderate
in size, % longer than wide, 244 times as long as the prothorax and fully 44

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 487

wider, oval, widest though only a little more rounded at the sides behind
basal third ; humeri evident at base ; humeral plica narrow and strong, the
impression deep and oblique; inner fovea large and very deep ; subsutural
impressions very feeble, the suture very slightly elevated toward base. Dorsal
pygidium with the mere tip exposed and broadly rounded. Legs long ; femora
moderately clavate, the posterior feebly; tarsi long and slender. Length 1.3
mm.; width 0.6-0.65 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

The type described above appears to be a male, but I can find
no obvious secondary sexual structures and the abdominal apex
is but little modified. In the female the elytra are somewhat more
briefly oval and more inflated, and the antenne are slightly
shorter.

The long, erect and very conspicuous pubescence of the elytra,
black color and transversely impressed head, will readily identify
pubipennis among the species of Brachycepsis.

15. 8S. ventriculus n. sp.—Strongly ventricose, polished, impunctate,
except the elytra, which are minutely, very feebly and sparsely punctate ;
body deep black throughout, the abdomen slightly paler at tip ; legs and an-
tenn pale ; pubescence rather sparse, even, less distinct anteriorly, pale and
recurved on the elytra. Head transverse, the eyes rather small and but slightly
convex, a little longer than the tempora, which are nearly as prominent and
strongly rounded to the neck ; vertex with a deep transverse median impres-
sion, which is bisetose at the bottom ; fourth palpal joint only slightly more
than 14 as long as the preceding, finely aciculate ; clypeus large. Antennx as
long as the head and prothorax, gradually and strongly incrassate toward tip ;
second joint nearly as large as the first, 24 longer than wide, about as long as
the next two and very much stouter ; three to ten increasing gradually in
width, at first very slowly then more rapidly ; three and six scarcely as long
as wide; fifth quadrate; fourth 14 longer than wide ; seventh globular ;
eighth 14, ninth 7, and tenth *4 wider than long ; eleventh small, scarcely as
wide as the tenth and 14 longer, gradually ogival and oblique from the base.
Prothoraz well developed, about as long as wide, almost 75 wider than the
head, subglobular, narrowed, rectilinear and finely carinate at the sides to-
ward base; six basal fovez large and distinct, not united, the two lateral
near the carina ; flanks beneath the carina obliquely impressed. Scutellum
very small, equilatero-triangular. Hlytra oval, very convex, 1g longer than
wide, scarcely 246 times longer than the prothorax and 34 wider, sides par-
allel and very evenly arcuate throughout ; humeri altogether obsolete ; sub-
humeral impression small but elongate and deep, the plica narrow ; outer
fovea obsolete, the inner deep and within a conspicuous subelongate excava-
tion ; suture not modified. Legs slender, the femora feebly clavate, the an-
terior more strongly; tarsi rather short. Length 1.1 mm; width 0.52 mm. -

Massachusetts.

488 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

No secondary sexual marks can be discovered in the four speci-
mens before me. This species is readily distinguishable from
any other of the present subgenus by its decidedly larger size.

16. 8. corpusculum n. sp.—Oval, very convex and ventricose, highly
polished, deep black, the abdomen slightly pale at tip and the head rufescent ;.
legs and antennz rufo-testaceous, the tarsi flavate; integuments impunctate;,
the elytra minutely, remotely and not at all distinctly punctulate ; pubes-.
cence short and sparse anteriorly, slightly pale, moderate in length,
rather sparse and recurved on the elytra. Head only slightly wider than long,
the eyes small and moderately convex, much longer than the tempora and
more prominent, the latter rapidly convergent and feebly, evenly arcuate be-
hind them to the nuchal constriction ; vertex with the transverse double de-
pression not bisetose ; clypeus large and broadly angulate at each side.
Antennzx barely as long as the head and prothorax, gradually and strongly in-
crassate toward tip; second joint almost as long as the first but distinctly nar-
rower, oval, % longer than wide, fully as long as the next two and distinctly
thicker ; third smallest, parallel, 14 wider than long ; fourth to sixth inereas--
ing scarcely visibly in width, the fourth quadrate, the next two slightly shorter
than wide and more oval ; seventh nearly 14 wider ; seven to ten increasing
gradually and rapidly in width, 14, 24, 94 wider than, and nearly twice as
wide as, long; eleventh small, obliquely and acutely conoidal, rather nar-
rower than the tenth and a little shorter than the two preceding. Prothorax
well developed, as long as wide, nearly 14 wider than the head, strongly
' rounded laterally in apical half, the sides thence moderately convergent and
straight to the base ; lateral carinz at base and six subbasal foveze distinct ;.
flanks also pune below the carina. Scutellum very minute. Elytra oval
and very convex, 14 euonees than wide, slightly more than twice as long as the
prothorax and nearly *5 wider ; sides evenly and strongly arcuate throughout 3.
humeri obsolete ; subhumeral impression small and narrow but rather deep ;.
inner fovea and impression distinct ; suture not modified. Legs slender ;
femora rather feebly clavate, the anterior a little more strongly ; hind tarsi
very slender but moderate in length, the four basal joints but slightly elon--
gate and subequal. Length 0.9 mm.; width 0.45 mm.

Canada (Ottawa)—Mr.W. H. Harrington ; Pennsylvania hee
moreland Co.)—Mr. Schmitt.

The large series before me exhibits scarcely any variation, even
in size or color, and no secondary sexual characters of the male-
are discoverable. This species resembles ventriculus very closely
in general form, but is much smaller; the head, also, is much
smaller and with less prominent tempora, and the elytral vesti--
ture rather longer and sparser.

17. S. caducus n. sp.—Elongate-oval, very convex and somewhat ventri--

cose, polished, almost completely impunctate ; body black, the head rufescent,
the pronotum at apex and elytral suture sometimes paler and rufo-piceous ;.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 489

legs and antenne very pale testaceous throughout ; pubescence rather sparse,
short and indistinct anteriorly, coarse and recurved, cinereous and distinct on
the elytra. Head small, as long as wide, the eyes small, somewhat prominent,
the tempora a little shorter, not at all prominent, strongly convergent and
evenly arcuate behind them to the neck ; double impression of the vertex deep
and bisetulose ; clypeus large, greatly extended and angulate at the sides ;
maxillary palpi well developed. Antenne short and stout, much shorter than
the head and prothorax, gradually and strongly incrassate toward tip ; second
joint almost as large as the first, longer and much thicker than the next two,
eylindric-oval, 44 longer than wide ; three to seven increasing very slowly
but gradually in width; seven to ten equally gradually but much more
rapidly ; three to five nearly similar, 14 wider than long; sixth oval, 7%,
seventh more developed externally than internally, 75, wider than long, the
eighth shorter and more transverse, about twice as wide as long ; eight to ten
increasing rapidly in length as well as width ; ninth %4, the tenth 34, wider
than long ; eleventh small, scarcely as wide as the tenth and 1 longer, rapidly
obliquely conoidal in form. Prothorax rather longer than wide, 35 wider than
the head, parallel and strongly rounded laterally, the sides convergent and
distinetly sinuate posteriorly ; surface with six subbasal foveze which are
rather feeble and imperfectly connected transversely, except in the middle,
also with a fovea on the flanks less basal; lateral carina wholly obsolete.
Scutellum extremely minute, visible with difficulty and only under strong
amplification. Elytra evenly oval, very convex, widest at the middle, with the
sides strongly and evenly arcuate, 7g longer than wide, not more than twice
.as long as the prothorax and %% wider ; humeri altogether obsolete ; subhu-
meral impression minute ; inner fovea large and conspicuous ; suture not modi-
fied. Legs slender ; femora rather feebly clavate, the anterior only a little
more strongly. Length 0.9 mm.; width 0.38 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

A very small species of rather elongated form, but otherwise
‘closely resembling corpusculum. It may be separated at once,
however, by its non-carinate prothorax with the sides not straight
and convergent toward base, but sinuate, by its somewhat smaller
head with shorter autenne and still more laterally prominent cly-
peus, and many other characters. No conspicuous sexual char-
‘acters are observable in the series which Mr. Schmitt has kindly
sent me.

18. S. exiguus n. sp.—Narrowly suboval, moderately ventricose, pol-
‘ished, subimpunctate, dark piceous-brown throughout, the legs and antennze
paler, rufo-testaceous ; pubescence sparse anteriorly, short recurved pale and

_zather sparse on the elytra. Head small, somewhat longerthan wide, the eyes
well developed, convex, more than twice as long as the tempora, which are
strongly conyergent, feebly arcuate and not in the least prominent ; vertex
transversely impressed, the impression faintly bifoveate at the bottom near

490 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

the middle and also bisetose ; front very gradually declivous anteriorly, the
transverse sulcus separating it from the clypeus almost obsolete; clypeus large,
broadly prominent at each side. Antennzx not quite as long as the head and
prothorax, gradually and moderately incrassate toward apex ; second joint
cylindric-oval, nearly as large as the first, 74 longer than wide, barely as long
as the next two but very much thicker ; three to six just perceptibly increas-
ing in size, subquadrate or nearly globular and as long as wide throughout ;
six to ten more rapidly but uniformly increasing in size; sixth globular;
seventh and eighth oval, slightly transverse and 7 wider than long; eight to
ten increasing only slightly in length; ninth 35, tenth 14, wider than long ;
eleventh nearly as long as the two preceding but scarcely as wide as the tenth,
ogival. Prothorax rather longer than wide, fully 14 wider than the head, par-
allel, broadly rounded at the sides anteriorly, moderately narrowed and feebly
sinuate toward base ; disk with six strong deep fovez near the basal margin
extending throughout the width but without trace of lateral carina. Scutel-
lum extremely minute. Elytra % longer than wide, a little more than twice
as long as the prothorax and rather more than %4 wider, parallel and broadly
rounded at the sides, strongly rounded at base, the humeri somewhat evident;
humeral plica narrow but strong, the subhumeral impression correspondingly
deep and distinct ; inner fovea large; suture not modified. Legs slender,
moderate in length, the femora feebly clavate, the anterior only slightly more
so ; four basal joints of the hind tarsi subequal. Length 0.85 mm.; width
0.3 mm. .

Pennsylvania (locality unknown).

This species differs from any other of the subgenus in its nar-
rower and more depressed form, the elytra being less convex, less
narrowed toward base, and with the humeri somewhat evident.
It is represented in my cabinet by a single specimen.

19. S. californicus Mots.—Bull. Mosc., 1845, No.1, p. 48; Mann.:
l. c., 1852, p. 329.

Elongate-oval, strongly convex, polished, black, the elytra and
legs dark testaceous, the antenne and palpi still paler; apical mar-
gin of the pronotum narrowly pale; head and pronotum impune-
tate, the former coarsely pubescent with the hairs erect, the lat-
ter more sparsely and inconspicuously ; elytra rather sparsely but
coarsely pubescent, the hairs moderately short and strongly re-
curved. Head subtriangular, as wide as long, the eyes moderate
in size, convex and near the base; front tumid in the middle be-
tween the scarcely marked antennal prominences; clypeus gradu-
ally declivous, not prominent at the sides; labrum transverse,
rather large and convex, broadly arcuate at apex; maxillary
palpi long, the third joint rather slender, fusiform, the fourth acic-
ulate, scarcely more than 4 as long as the third. Antenne

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 49]

scarcely longer than the head and prothorax, moderately incras-
sate toward tip; basal joint cylindric, perceptibly longer and
thicker than the second, the latter ovo-cylindric, 2? longer than
wide, thicker and much shorter than the next two; third 3 longer
than wide ; third to eighth gradually increasing in thickness and
decreasing in length, the eighth subglobular ; ninth to eleventh a
little more rapidly but gradually and almost continuously incras-
sate; ninth and tenth moderately transverse; eleventh gradually
pointed, as long as the preceding two. Prothorax subquadrate,
scarcely as long as wide, fully 2 wider than the head, moderately
dilated, parallel and rounded laterally toward apex, the sides per-
ceptibly convergent and broadly, feebly sinuate thence to the base ;
surface evenly convex, feebly and confluently biimpressed near the
base at the middle, the lateral fovea large and distinct, the lateral
edge acute near the fovea, becoming more obtuse again at the
base. Scutellum moderate in size. Elytra minutely and sparsely
punctulate, elongate-oval, strongly convex, 4 longer than wide,
24 times as long as the prothorax and fully 2 wider, the sides
broadly, evenly arcuate, gradually and continuously rounding and
convergent to the base of the prothorax, the humeral plica short
and only moderately prominent; subhumeral impression short,
the inner long and strong; subsutural impressions obsolete, the
suture minutely elevated toward base. Abdomen convex, sparsely
but strongly pubescent, the last two segments longer but together
shorter than the first four, the sixth parabolic, with a small exca-
vation at the apex. Legs long and slender, the femora very
feebly dilated toward tip, the anterior more distinctly ; hind tarsi
long and slender, with the basal joint as long as the next two, the
anterior stouter toward base and clothed beneath with long pale
hairs. Length 1.9 mm.; width 0.62 mm.

Queen Charlotte Islands (Massett—Mr. J. H. Keen), Sitka—
Mannerheim and California—Motschulsky (possibly in error).
This distinct species may be identified immediately by the very
deep and conspicuous excavations of the head; the rather large
and very profound excavation above each eye was not observed
by either Mannerheim or Motschulsky.

The two specimens sent to me by Mr. Keen are evidently
males, but there are no visible crural modifications. The exca-
vation at the base of the head will prove to be perfectly asexual,
though the pits above the eyes, and particularly the tumidity of

492 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

the front between the antenne, may possibly prove to be influ-
enced somewhat by sex in extent of development.

CATALINUS n. gen.

This genus has for its type, and only representative thus far
known to the writer, a small, very slender and linear species, de-
scribed by LeConte under the name Scydmenus angustus. It is
unmistakably allied to Scydmeenus in general organization, but
differs especially in the form and structure of the prothorax.
The eyes are subbasal, the palpi normal, with the fourth joint
slender and aciculate, and the scutellum very small and in great
part hidden by the arcuate base of the pronotum. The elytra
are evenly and broadly rounded or subtruncate at tip, with the
sutural angle right and only minutely blunt, entirely covering the
dorsal pygidium and mutually overlapping on the suture toward
apex, though only to an extremely slight degree. The charac-
ters of the under surface are those of Scydmenus, except that the
last ventral segment is not unusually developed; the hind cox
are very approximate, and the posterior tarsi moderate in length,
with the four basal joints subequal.

The prothorax is evenly obovoidal, with rounded base and
more broadly rounded apex, and is wholly devoid of any trace of
subbasal impressions or lateral fovee.

1. C. amgustus Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 151
(Scydmezenus).

Linear and only slightly convex, polished, subimpunctate, black
or blackish with dark rufo-testaceous legs and antenne, the last
two abdominal segments also slightly pale ; pubescence moderately
abundant, indistinct anteriorly, very short, cinereous and closely
recurved on the elytra. Head well developed, transverse, evenly
convex and unimpressed, the eyes moderate in size, convex but
not very prominent, the tempora short and moderately rounded
to the neck, almost continuous with them in curvature; neck
wide ; clypeus moderately developed, paler in color, broadly and
continuously arcuate at tip, porrect with regard to the strongly
declivous front; labrum small, transverse; mandibles moderate.
Antenne rather longer than the head and prothorax, with a dis-
tinct 3-jointed club; second joint much shorter and slightly nar-
rower than the first, 2 longer than wide, narrowed toward base,
not quite as long as the next two and but slightly thicker; three

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 493

to eight increasing gradually and slowly in width, about as long
as wide and subglobular, the eighth distinctly wider than long,
oval; ninth about 3 wider than the eighth and but little narrower
than the tenth, both moderately transverse ; eleventh nearly as
iong as the two preceding. Prothorax quite distinctly longer
than wide and about + wider than the head, widest at about
apical third, the sides evenly and broadly rounded and gradually
convergent to the base, the basal angles obliterated; surface
evenly convex throughout. Hlytra elongate-oval, + longer than
wide, more than twice as long as the prothorax and not more than
4 wider, widest and just visibly more arcuate at the sides at basal
2; sides parallel and broadly arcuate, the base but little wider than
the thoracic base ; subhumeral impression narrow, long, linear and
' distinct, the humeral plica fine and strong; outer fovea wholly ob-
solete, the inner distinct ; subsutural impressions very feeble, the
suture quite strongly elevated toward base, the ridge expanded
slightly at the basal margin. Legs rather short, the anterior
femora quite strongly, the intermediate moderately and the pos-
terior feebly, clavate. Length 0.85 mm.; width 0.28 mm.

California. The sex of the individual described is not deter-
minable.

OPRESINI.

The remarkable succession of minute species which constitute
this tribe are only beginning to be known, and almost all the types
here referred to are due to the patient and skillful collecting of
Mr. Schmitt, within a single limited section of country among the
mountains of Pennsylvania, to which I have already alluded.
Among the other tribes with the fourth palpal joint subulate and
oblique, they may be known at once by the rather long proster-
num before the coxe. They are assignable to three quite distinct
genera, which may be briefly defined as follows :—

Eyes median; neck strongly constricted; antennal cavities narrowly separated;

pronotum impressed at base.
Scutellum completely invisible and covered by the pronotum, the elvtral

SULUTE ENO’ MOCIMEM a. .cerssemeseeatedectseemecionccccss nse e-=teofsls seins Opresus
Scutellum distinct; elytral suture elevated and enveloping the scutellum.
Delius

Eyes anterior and less developed; antennal cavities more widely separated ;
neck moderately constricted; pronotum not impressed at base; scutellum
ISGIICH Tore. ceecccaacstedncd- cee emtec mearacnie thee costes gaictce sepa salivecient Neladius

ANNALS N. Y. AcAD. Sct., IX, May, 1897.—33.

494 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

It is almost certain that the Seydmenus ovithorax of Brendel,
forms another genus in this tribe; if this be not the case, how-
ever, there is no known representative west of the Missouri River.

OPRESUS nz. gen.

The species of this genus are the most minute of the Scydme-
nidz, and could only be compared with Ptilium of the Tricho-
pterygide in point of size. They are probably numerous, but only
three or four are known at present. The body is narrowly sub-
oval, feebly ventriculate, rather strongly convex, and clothed with
very short and rather sparse pubescence. The head is well de-
veloped, borne on a stout but deeply constricted and exposed
neck, and is but feebly inclined downward, the eyes median and
generally rather well developed, the antenne of the usual type in
neighboring tribes of the Scydmeznide subulipalpi, the three
outer joints forming a distinct club. Front between the antennal
cavities narrow, nearly vertical and somewhat prominent; labrum
transverse,truncate, the mandibles rather small, circularly rounded
externally. Prothorax obovulate, the subbasal markings fine,
consisting of two minute united median foveze and another near
each basal angle. Prosternum before the coxz rather long and
finely puberulent as inthe other genera of the tribe. Scutellum
completely wanting and covered by the pronotum. Elytra oval,
somewhat individually rounded at apex, the dorsal pygidium
exposed at tip and broadly rounded.

The middle coxe are contiguous, the posterior very narrowly
separated, the narrow process of the metasternum between them
deeply and finely cleft as in Scydmeenini, extending virtually to
the sides of the body. First ventral segment longer than the
next, the last two moderately elongate. Legs very short and
rather stout, the hind tarsi short, with the four basal joints equal;
claws short and strongly arcuate. Secondary sexual characters.
appear to be wanting.

The three species known to me may be separated as follows :—
Elytra each with two minute basal impressions, the vestiture finer and closely

decumbent, generally intermingled on the elytra with remote erect sete
which are short and inconspicuous ; body narrower, more punctulate
anteriorly.

Elytra less inflated, parallel and not more than 1g wider than the prothorax;

CYeS Ta bhenssmialersrenetctaes aces sn eiciiesc eciesie ox eeeeinea eee eee nee 1 misellus

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 495

Elytra more inflated and rounded at the sides, #6 wider than the pro-
RiLDO etsXecteteresioe ei ours seiise a batons stichislowia eso tislesiloialga biel ciel shelgeiclo stieit'oele sdialeatvc 2 luteus
Elytra each with a single much larger basal excavation ; pubescence less de-
cumbent, stiffer and not intermingled with erect ee on the elytra ; body
stouter, the head relatively smaller....................sceeeeeceeeeeeeeees 3 atomus
No representative of this genus has been taken very far west of
the Mississippi, as far as known to me, and it extends thence to
the Atlantic Ocean both north and south.

1. O. misellus Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 155 (Seyd-
mzenus).

Narrow, subparallel, moderately convex, polished, the head and
pronotum sparsely, finely and feebly punctulate, the elytra im-
punctate; body pale ferruginous throughout, the legs and an.
tenn flavescent ; pubescence very short, even and decumbent, fine |
pale in color and inconspicuous. Head wider than long, the base
truncate with the hairs somewhat longer and more bristling ; tem-
poral angles right but rounded; eyes rather small, at fully their
own length from the base; antennal prominences small, rounded,
quite conspicuous. Antenne slender, the club distinct and 3-
jointed ; two basal joints larger as usual. Prothorax obovoidal,
as long as wide, widest and more strongly rounded at apicai third,
the sides thence moderately convergent and broadly arcuate to
the base, + wider than the head : basal angles obtuse; disk evenly
and moderately convex, with two minute fovee at the middle sepa-
rated by more than 3 the width and connected by an anteriorly
arcuate channel, also with a small fovea at each side near the
basal angles in the same transverse line. Elytra oblong-oval,
only moderately convex, not connate, evenly and obtusely
rounded behind, 4 longer than wide, only just visibly more than
twice as long as the prothorax and scarcely 4 wider ; sides broadly
arcuate, just perceptibly more prominent near the middle, the
humeri slightly evident; suture not modified. Legs very short,
stout, the femora rather strongly clavate but short. Length 0.6
mm.; width 0.21 mm.

ears and Louisiana The species described by eran
under the name Scydmenus minimus, is perhaps not different
from this; it is the smallest species of the family known to me.

2. O. luteus n. sp.—Elongate, narrowly suboval, rather convex, polished,
sparingly clothed with very short, fine and decumbent whitish hairs, uni-
formly distributed throughout, with a few short and stiff erect setz on the

496 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

elytra ; body pale luteo-testaceous, the legs and antennal club slightly paler ;
head and pronotum finely, feebly and sparsely punctulate, the elytra impune-
tate. Head 15 wider than long, evenly convex above, the eyes somewhat far
down on the sides, convex, somewhat prominent, rather longer than the
tempora, which are feebly convergent and only slightly arcuate behind them
to the basal angles, the latter narrowly rounded ; antennal prominences small,
distinct, separated by 14 the maximum width. Antenne somewhat shorter
than the head and prothorax ; funicle slender, the club strong ; basal joint
cylindric, 34 longer than wide, as long as the next two ; second oval, about as
thick as the first, 2g longer than wide, longer than the next two and much
thicker ; three to six very small, subequal, slightly transverse ; seventh fully as
long as the sixth and 7% wider, transverse, slightly larger thau the eighth,
which is still more transverse ; ninth 34, tenth 114, wider than the eighth, 14
and %4 wider than long ; eleventh very short, not as lons as wide, triangular,
obtusely rounded at tip, much shorter than the two preceding and scarcely as
wide as the tenth.. Prothorax not quite as long as wide, 14 wider than the
head, widest and rounded at the sides at apical third, the sides convergent and
feebly arcuate to the base, which is slightly arcuate ; angles obtusely rounded;
disk evenly and moderately convex, with a fine but strong, transversely arcuate
line near the base, ending in slight fovese separated by more than 14 the width,
and with the usual fovea at each side in addition. Elytra oval, 44 longer
than wide, 2% times as long as the prothorax and % wider, with the sides
broadly and obtusely angulate just before the middle ; apex obtusely rounded;
humeri scarcely at all evident ; disk convex, the suture not at all modified.
Legs short, the femora moderately clavate. Length 0.65 mm.; width 0.24 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.).

The description applies to the male, the copulatory spicule
being finely acuminate at tip, but there is very little if any sexual
difference, and no secondary male characters. This species is.
closely allied to misellus, but is larger, more ventricose and more
convex. .

3. O. atomus n. sp.—Oval, stouter, strongly convex, feebly ventricose,
polished, impunctate and pale rufo-testaceous anteriorly, the elytra feebly,
sparsely and very finely punctulate and blackish, but pale toward base and
apex ; legs and antenne very pale, ferruginous ; pubescence rather abundant,
but very short, pale, stiff and strongly recurved on the elytra, mingled with a
few inclined stiff spicules at the extreme sides of the prothorax. Head rather
small, transverse, feebly convex above ; eyes quite large and convex, slightly
prominent, much longer than the tempora, which are strongly convergent
and circularly arcuate behind them to the neck ; antennal prominences very
feeble, separated by less than 44 the total width ; neck scarcely more than 14
as wide as the head. Antennx fully as long as the head and prothorax, the
club distinct but with the ninth joint much smaller than the tenth as in the
preceding species ; basal joint cylindric, 14 longer than wide ; second slightly
shorter and narrower, cylindric but gradually narrowed at base, % longer

,

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 497

than wide, longer than the next two and distinctly thicker ; three to six sub-
equal, the latter, perhaps, just visibly larger, moniliform, wider than long ;
seventh 2 wider, % wider than long, larger than the eighth, the latter
not wider than the sixth but a little more transverse ; ninth 34, tenth 1}¢,
wider than the eighth, obtrapezoidal, subsimilar, moderately transverse ;
eleventh short, conoidal, ogival at apex and not oblique, barely as long as
wide, much shorter than the two preceding and not quite as wide as the tenth.
Prothorax distinctly wider than long, the sides strongly rounded throughout,
widest scarcely before the middle, nearly 144 wider than the head, strongly
convex, with two fovez near the base separated by scarcely 1g the width and
united by a transverse and somewhat anteriorly arcuate channel, also with a
small fovea near each angle in the same line. Elytra evenly oval, not quite
1g longer than wide, 244 times as long as the prothorax and 7 wider ; sides
rounded rather strongly and very evenly ; apex narrowly parabolic ; humeri
not evident ; disk rather convex, widest near the middle, the suture not modi-
fied. Legs short but rather slender, the femora feebly clavate. Length
0.65 mm.; width 0.28 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.).

The general habitus of this species is very different from that
of the two preceding and, in connection with the single coarse,
deep and subpubescent fovea at the base of each elytron, would
almost seem to demand for it a separate subgenus. Sexual char-
acters have not been observed.

DELIUS n. gen.

This genus is closely allied to Opresus, but has the scutellum
exposed between the elytra, the legs longer, the hind tarsi moder-
ately elongate with the first four joints equal, short and oblique
at apex, the fifth normal and longer than the two preceding, and
the prothorax bristling on the flanks with stiff but short sete.
The hind coxe extend virtually to the sides of the body and are
extremely approximate, though apparently not quite contiguous.
The single species may be described as follows :—

1. D. robustulus n. sp.—Rather stout, slightly ventricose, very strongly
convex throughout, polished, impunctate, pale rufo-testaceous, the legs and
antennz paler, more flavate and translucent; pubescence short, pale, suberect
but strongly recurved, sparse, inconspicuous anteriorly but becoming extremely
dense and intermingled with stiff inclined spicules on the sides of the pro-
thorax, moderately coarse, even and distinct on the elytra. Head rather small,
slightly wider than long, the eyes well developed, median, convex and promi-
nent, the tempora strongly convergent and very feebly arcuate behind them
to the neck and nearly as long as the eyes; neck almost %% as wide as the
head; antennal prominences small and feeble, separated by less than 44 the

498 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

total width; third palpal joint stout and oval, the subulate fourth joint oblique
and slender. Antennzx as long as the head and prothorax, the club abruptand
strong; second joint as long as the first but much thinner, nearly twice as long
as wide, a little longer than the next two; three to six subequal, not apprecia-
bly narrower than the second and distinctly wider than long; seventh and
eighth equal in width and 7 wider, strongly conic in apical half, 14g and 4
wider than long; ninth and tenth very feebly obtrapezoidal, the sides nearly
parallel, fringed about the apex with short whitish hairs, 4 and once wider
than the eighth, similar in form but increasing slightly in size, 34 wider than
long; eleventh scarcely as wide as the tenth, not quite as long as the two pre-
ceding, longer than wide, ogival but not oblique at apex. Prothorax broadly
subovoidal, scarcely as long as wide, 34 wider than the head, widest before
apical third; sides broadly rounded, convergent and less arcuate toward base,
the latter arcuate, wider than the apex; basal angles obtuse and blunt; disk
evenly convex, with two small approximate and confluent fovez in the middle
near the base. Scutellum triangular, flat. Hlytra entire, slightly overlapping
toward tip as usual, rhomboid-oval, narrowly parabolic at apex, widest and
subprominent at the sides just before the middle, scarcely 7 longer than wide,
21g times as long as the prothorax and barely 44 wider; humeri slightly evi-
dent; humeral plica and impression both very small, the inner fovea more dis-
tinct, subsutural impressions obsolete, the suture finely beaded basally, the
bead expanding and strongly enveloping the scutellum at base. Legs slender,
the femora very feebly clavate, the anterior more distinctly. Length 0.68
mm.; width 0.28 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.).

No secondary sexual characters are visible in the two speci-
mens before me. The first four ventral segments are equal and
rather short, the last two moderately long.

NELADIUS 2. gen.

The single species composing this genus has an elongate and
very convex form of body, the elytra narrowed very gradually to
the extreme base of the prothorax and without trace of humeri,
somewhat as in the subgenus Parascydmus of the Scydmeenini ;
they are probably perfectly connate. The head is but feebly in-
clined, the neck wide, with the constriction simple and well ex-
posed, the antenne rather widely separated by the subvertical
front, the clypeus very short and broadly subtruncate at tip, the
labrum short but broad and truncate, and the mandibles moderate
in size, evenly arcuate and with the apices finely aciculate. The
maxillary palpi are of the usual form in the Scydmenini.

The middle and hind cox are contiguous, the latter trans-
versely suboval, not extending quite to the sides of the body, but

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 499

the metasternal side-pieces are nevertheless not visible; the meta-
sternum is more pubescent anteriorly and the male sexual char-
acters at the ventral apex moderately developed.

1. N. temuis n. sp.—Narrow, very convex, slightly ventricose, highly
polished and impunctate, very pale luteo-testaceous throughout, the antennz
and legs still paler ; integuments translucent ; pubescence sparse, short; pale,
evenly distributed throughout, even, coarser and recurved on the elytra. Head
as long as wide, evenly convex, the eyes small, situated before the middle and
down on the sides, feebly convex and not at all prominent, the tempora very
long, only feebly convergent and slightly arcuate behind them to the neck.
Antennz as long as the head and prothorax, slender, the club rather abrupt,
distinct but not strong ; second joint only slightly shorter and narrower than
the first, a little thicker than the following, feebly obconic, 24 longer than
wide ; third to sixth equal in width ; third distinctly, fourth and sixth very
‘slightly, shorter than wide ; fifth distinctly longer than wide ; seventh wider
and much longer than the eighth, slightly distorted, rather longer than wide,
% wider than the sixth ; eighth small and transverse ; ninth and tenth feebly
fusiform, 44 and once wider than the eighth, 14 and % wider than long ;
eleventh short, conoidal, not oblique, as wide as the tenth, only slightly longer
than wide and much shorter than the two preceding. Prothorax as long as
wide, scarcely 14 wider than the head; widest slightly before the middle, the
sides evenly arcuate ; base arcuate, without distinct angles ; disk evenly con-
vex, wholly unmodified. Scutellum small, parallel, longer than wide, ob-
tusely rounded at apex. Hlytra fusiform, gradually and acutely pointed behind,
widest just before the middle, with the sides evenly and strongly arcuate,
nearly % longer than wide, 214 times as long as the prothorax and 3 wider,
each with two extremely small and feeble impressions at the basal margin ;
surface strongly, evenly convex, without trace of sutural impressions, the
suture finely beaded in basal sixth or seventh, the bead enveloping the
scutellum. Extreme tip of the dorsal pygidium exposed and broadly rounded.
Legs moderate in length, rather thick, the femora feebly swollen, the anterior
more strongly; hind tarsi nearly +5 as long as the tibiz, the four basal joints
almost exactly equal, the fifth slightly thicker, rather longer than the two
preceding. Length 0.75 mm.; width 0.26 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.).

The specimen described above is presumably a male, the tip of
the abdomen being narrowly rounded and the apparatus within
the dorsal and ventral plates, which are widely opened, quite com-
plicated ; there are visible on inferior rounded ligula and a supe-
-rior upturned spatulate member within the opening. The four
basal segments are subequal in length. The female is similar to
the male, but has the abdominal vertex broadly and obtusely
rounded,

500 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

CEPHENNIINI.

This tribe includes within our territories but one genus, con-
taining about five or six known species, of which three are here
described. These species are assignable to two subgenera. —

CEPHENNIUM Miller.

Europe appears to be the headquarters of this very peculiar
and isolated genus, and the species occurring there outnumber
the American about six to one, as far as known at present.
There is no other type of the family approaching very near to
Cephennium in structure, but Neuraphes may be considered a
connecting bond with the Scydmenini, and Eutheia with the
Chevrolatiini.

‘The body is oblong-oval, generally strongly convex, with the
prothorax about as wide as the elytra, having its lateral edges.
acute, the hypomera slightly concave, and the prosternum very
deeply emarginate through the width of the head and very short.
before the coxe, differing very radically in this respect from Eu-
theia. The head is small, triangular and strongly deflexed, so
that it is but slightly visible from above, the neck altogether un-
constricted and deeply imbedded in the prothorax, and the eyes.
basal when present. Clypeus not separated from the front, the
labrum small, variable in form accordirg to the subgenus. The
mandibles are generally stout, short and arcuate, and a compari-
son of them with those of Leptomastax, shows the most extreme
divergence in form known in the family. Maxillary palpi with
the first three joints nearly as in Huconnini and Scydmenini, but
with the fourth small, much more obscure and not subulate, short,.
stout and obtuse in form and spongy in structure, projecting
axially from the apex of the third. Antenne very widely separa-
ted, situated at the sides of the head before the eyes and not so
frontal as in most other types of the family; in our species the
club is incrassate and 3-jointed, the joints increasing rapidly in
thickness.

The pronotum is devoid of coarse sculpture, except a feeble
and occasionally subfoveiform depression near each of the basal
angles. Scutellum relatively large, transverse and rounded.
Elytra generally a little wider near basal third or 2 than at base,
the latter fitted closely to the thoracic base throughout the
width, the sides usually more or less acute for a short distance

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 501

behind the thoracic angles, and the subhumeral impression
strongly modified or absent, sometimes taking the form of a long
impressed line, the inner fovea well developed and always spongy-
pubescent, this being one of the most constant peculiarities of the
tribe and the one which declares most emphatically its relation-
ship with Neuraphes.

Mesosternum carinate, the mes-epimera dilated , prominent and
ciliate as usual, the metasternum very large, with the episterna
entirely covered by the elytra. Hind cox rather widely sepa-
rated and extending fully to the sides of the body. Legs rather
slender but short, the femora usually feebly or moderately cla-
vate, the hind tarsi moderate in length, with the first four joints
subequal, the fifth unusually short and subequal to the two pr eced-
ing in length, the ungues moderate.

The consistency of general form and habitus throughout this
genus is very remarkable, and species within the various sub-
genera are determined more by the summation of a large num-
ber of gradial differences, than by abrupt and radical divergencies
of structure. It is for this reason that marked departures in
structure are of much greater weight than they would seem to
possess when the tribe is compared, for example, with the Eucon-
nini, and, when a general revision of the Cephenniini is written, it
will probably prove necessary to subdivide it generically, but in
view of the paucity of material known from this country, it will
suffice for the purposes of this revision to merely indicate the two
subgenera as follows :—

Eyes well developed ; labrum small, semicircular; elytra without a long
acute lateral edge behind the thoracic angles but with a longitudinal im-
pressed discal line at base, rounded at tip conjointly, concealing the dorsal
pygidium ; mesosternum with a rounded, ee and scabrous area an-
teriorly at each side; tibize normal...................2..ctesececesseeecececcnsscnenene I

Eyes wanting ; nin short, transverse and arnene at apex ; mandibles less
developed ; elytra with a long, acute and prominent side margin behind the
thoracic angles, without a discal impressed line, the spongiose basal fovez
larger and very conspicuous, the surface subdepressed toward base, the apex
subtruncate, exposing a dorsal pygidium which is more declivous than in
allied European species; mesosternum without trace of the depressed
scabrous areas ; tibize strongly swollen toward tip.............-..cesseceeseeeees II

The first subgenus has occurred thus far only near the Atlantic

coast line, the second in the vicinity of San Francisco, Cali-
fornia. The species known to me are as follows :— ©

502 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

Subgenus I.
Body stouter, dark brown, with rufo-testaceous elytra, the depressed meta-

sternal ‘areas small... sc..:teeneescmackeceeeacecnsescateeaen cece se ceers 1 corporosum
Body Jess stout and more uniformly colored, blackish-piceous, the metasternal
BLCAS TATE Ota cecscaceetieaneeeneeemmeeeneeenm esas akeces= tees eence aren 2 virginicum

Subgenus II.

Narrowly oblong and subparallel, pale luteo-testaceous throughout ; pubes-
cence shorter and more unequal..... ............0. see 3 anophthalmicum

1. C. corporosum Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 150.

Oblong-oval, stout, strongly convex, polished, impunctate ‘an-
teriorly, the elytra finely, feebly and very sparsely punctulate ;
antenne and anterior parts red-brown, the elytra and legs paler,
bright rufo-testaceous ; pubescence sparse, rather short anteriorly,
longer and coarse, pale and more conspicuous on the elytra but
strongly recurved. Head triangular, wider than long, the eyes
moderate in size and convexity, coarsely faceted and adjacent to
the prothorax ; antennal prominences large and pronounced ; pro-
duced front between the very widely separated antennz trans-
versely convex, evenly rounded at apex, fused with the clypeus
and coarsely, densely punctate laterally ; mandibles stout. <An-
tennz 4 as long as the body, the club distinct, gradually formed ;
second joint shorter than the first but equally stout, cylindric, 2
longer than wide, shorter than the next two but very much
stouter; three to six subequal and slightly elongate; seventh
much larger, fully + thicker, obconic, nearly 3 longer than wide;
eighth small, barely as wide as the seventh, short, cylindric, dis-
tinctly wider than long; ninth and tenth obtrapezoidal, ? wider
than, and twice as wide as, the eighth, distinctly wider than long;
eleventh still thicker, large, obliquely pointed and conoidal,
longer than the two preceding. Prothorax + wider than long,
rather more than twice as wide as the head, the apex feebly and
transversely arcuate, the base subequal in width and feebly bisinu-
ate; sides parallel, broadly arcuate and finely beaded; disk even,
with a large but feeble, rounded and foveiform impression near
each basal angle. Scutellum large, twice as wide as long, evenly
rounded. Elytra not longer than wide, a little less than twice as
long as the prothorax and not wider, the sides parallel and feebly
arcuate; apex subparabolic ; surface with a narrow, deep, straight
and excavated line on each, longitudinal in direction and rather
beyond outer third, extending from the basal margin not quite to

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 503

basal third; inner fovea small, pubescent and bearing a coarse
erect seta, its impression large and ovulate; suture not modified.
Legs moderate in length, the femora all very feebly clavate.
Length 1.0 mm.; width 0.65 mm.

New York (near the city). The single specimen was kindly
presented to me by the late Mr. Julich; its sex is not apparent.

2. C. virginicum n. sp.—Oblong-oval, strongly convex, polished, im-
punctate, the elytra extremely minutely and sparsely punctulate ; body black-
ish-piceous, slightly paler and rufescent anteriorly ; legs and antenne testa-
ceous ; pubescence sparse but pale, rather coarse and distinct, suberect and re-
curved on the elytra. Head triangular, nearly as long as wide, the eyes adja-
cent to the prothorax, moderately large, rather convex and coarsely faceted ;
antennal prominences large and rather distinct ; front prolonged and gradually
feebly declivous, transversely convex, strongly rounded at tip, the clypeus not
separated ; mandibles very stout, strongly arcuate, obliquely flattened
externally and closely surrounding the small semicircular labrum when
closed ; front slightly punctate at the sides. Antenne slender, gradually and
strongly clavate in the three outer joints, about 44 as long as the body, in
structure throughout almost exactly as in corporoswm, except that the second
joint is about as long as the first, as well as equally thick. Prothorax 34
wider than long, not more than twice as wide as the head ; apex broadly
arcuate, as wide as the base, the latter transverse and feebly bisinuate ; sides
parallel and just visibly arcuate ; basal angles right and having a very thick
short and elevated bead, not at all rounded ; disk even though broadly and
feebly impressed toward the basal angles, without trace of fovea. Scutellum
distinct but very transverse, more than twice as wide as long, parabolic.
Elytra rather longer than wide, twice as long as the prothorax, and, at basal
third, a little wider, the sides broadly arcuate ; apex gradually and evenly
parabolic from before the middle ; flanksadjoining the thoracic angles slightly
acute; disk with a long even and nearly straight excavated line at each side
from the basal margin to basal third, slightly beyond outer third ; inner fovea
distinct, circular and spongiose but not setiferous, its impression rather
elongate ; suture not modified. Legs slender, moderate in length, the femora
all very feebly clavate. Length 1.0 mm.; width 0.5 mm.

Virginia (Norfolk). .

The metasternal plate, slightly prolonged between the hind coxe,
is deeply sinuate at the middle of its apex, the sinus almost ex-
actly equal in size and curvature to the apices. The type and
only specimen known to me is possibly a male, as the sixth ventral
is finely punctulate and setulose abruptly in apical half, and the
entire surface of the fifth is similarly but more coarsely asperato-
punctate, the remainder of the abdominal surface being unmodi-
fied.

504 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

This species is allied closely to corporosum, but differs in its
narrower form, darker color and still sparser vestiture, more elong-
ate head, thickened hind angles and obliterated foveiform impres-
sions of the pronotum, shorter and more angulate scutellum, longer
sublateral excavated line of the elytra and other characters, among
which may be noted the form of the sinus at the apex of the meta-
sternal intercoxal prolongation, which is here shallower and more
broadly rounded, the apices being narrower and more strongly
rounded. .

In corporosum the singular rugose and pubescent rounded de-
pression near the sides of the metasternum, at its anterior margin,
is quite small, extending through less than 2 of the metasternal
length, while in virginicum it is much larger, extending fully to
the middle. )

3. C. anophthalmicum Bndl.—Entomologica Americana, V, p. 194.

Narrowly oblong-oval, parallel, moderately convex, shining, im-
punctate, pale luteo-testaceous throughout, the legs and antennz
concolorous; vestiture moderately distinct, the hairs very short,
closely recurved and mingled with others which are sparse and
more erect, especially toward the tips of the elytra. Head parallel
and nearly straight at the sides in basal half,the eyes wholly want-
ing, narrowed anteriorly, the antenne inserted near the middle, the
prominences very feeble; front moderately prolonged, declivous an
evenly convex, the margin evenly rounded; mandibles small anit
only moderately stout. Antenne about as long as the head and
prothorax, slender, the 3-jointed club stout and very inerassate ;
second joint a little shorter than the first but nearly as stout, nar-
rowed at base, 2 longer than wide, shorter than the next two and
much stouter; three to six equal, rounded, submoniliform and
about as long as wide; seventh much larger, nearly 4 wider, oval,
more than + wider than long; eighth a little smaller than the
seventh but perfectly similar in form, rather darker in color than
the joints preceding or following ; ninth to eleventh very rapidly
and evenly increasing in width, the ninth and tenth transversely
oval, the eleventh ovoidal, gradually pointed, nearly 4 wider than
the tenth and longer than the two preceding. Prothorax 2 wider
than long, more than twice as wide as the head, slightly swollen
anteriorly and widest near apical third, the sides broadly rounded,
becoming slightly convergent and feebly sinuate toward base;

ee

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 505

apex broadly rounded, the base transverse and feebly bisinuate;
basal angles right, not rounded; marginal bead fine and serially
punctulate ; surface evenly and strongly convex, feebly subex-
planate near the hind angles. Scutellum large, more than twice
as wide as long, broadly rounded behind. Elytra nearly 2 longer
than wide, barely as wide as the prothorax, slightly narrowed be-
hind the middle, the apex subtruncate ; side margins toward base
very acute, the humeral angles denticulate ; subhumeral impres-
sion completely obsolete ; each elytron with a single large circu-
lar fovea at the middle of its basal margin, the fovea densely
spongy-pubescent ; suture not modified. Legs short, the femora
rather distinctly clavate. Length 0.9 mm.; width 0.4 mm.

California (Marin Co.). A very small species, apparently
local in habitat and readily identifiable by the absence of eyes and
peculiarities of elytral structure. It is represented before me by
three specimens. Secondary sexual characters are not evident.

This species is somewhat related to the European minimum,
but is larger and differs in its more depressed basal parts of the
elytra, with much more extended acute side margins in continua-
tion of the sides of the prothorax.

ASCYDMINI.

The single species, for which it appears to be necessary to pro-
pose a distinct tribal group, is not distinguished by any great sin-
gularity of habitus, but the palpal differences prevent it from
joining either the Cephenniini or Eutheiini, to the latter of which
it is probably most closely allied.

ASCYDMUS n. gen.

The maxillary palpi in this genus have a form which appears to
be unique in the family, although somewhat remindful of the Chev-
rolatiini, the third joint being oval in outline with its apex ob-
liquely truncate, the truncature being perfectly flat, spongiose in
structure and beset with numerous very short stiff and erect seta;
the fourth joint is wholly obsolete, its function probably being
performed by the terminal setose sensitive surface described.
Aside from this, there seems to be nothing very peculiar about
the type, although certain special structures, present also in Ceph-
ennium, Eutheia and Scydmenus, sufficiently prove its synthetic
nature. There is, for example,a rounded and subimpressed, scab-

506 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

rous and densely setulose surface at each side of the metasternum
anteriorly as in Cephennium. The general aspect of the body,
distant hind coxe and structure of the elytral apices, with the
exposed dorsal pygidium, remind us of Eutheia; but the pro-
sternum is short before the coxe, and the prothorax is of a wholly
different form. The antennz remind us of Scydmeznus, except
the very slender pellucid connecting pedicels of the outer joints,
but the nuchal constriction is anteriorly arcuate, the hind cox
distant, and the prothorax of a different form. All these dispari-
ties, taken in connection with the remarkable structure of the
palpi, force us to regard the single minute representative as the
type of a distinct tribe. Other generic features will be alluded to
in the description given below.

1. A. tener n. sp.—Narrowly suboblong, moderately convex, the elytra
very feebly inflated, polished, impunctate anteriorly, the elytra sparsely punc-
tulate, rather strongly toward base; body rufo-testaceous, the legs and antennze
very pale, flavo-testaceous ; pubescence rather abundant, moderately long,
coarse and pale, suberect but recurved on the elytra, less distinct anteriorly
and with a few longer erect sete. Head well developed, strongly transverse
and triangular, the eyes large, convex, prominent, basal and coarsely faceted,
the tempora extremely short and transverse to the neck, which is wide, the
dorsal constriction feeble and anteriorly arcuate ; vertex not at all impressed ;
antennal prominences rather marked ; front evenly convex and moderately de-
clivous between the antennz to the apex of the clypeus, the latter very
small, not at all developed laterally, subtruncate at apex and with broadly
rounded angles ; labrum small, transverse ; mandibles well developed, very
slender at apex. Antenne a little longer than the head and prothorax, slen-
der, gradually and moderately incrassate toward tip ; second joint distinctly
shorter but scarcely narrower than the first, scarcely as long as the next two
but thicker, cylindric-oval, 1 longer than wide ; third smallest, somewhat
distorted and a little darker in color, slightly wider than long, the
inner side longer than the outer; fourth and fifth subequal, almost as
thick as the second, slightly elongate ; sixth a little shorter and narrower
than the fifth ; seventh 14 longer than the sixth, subglobular; eighth a
little larger, subglobular, scarcely as long as wide ; ninth and tenth grad-
ually slightly larger, rather wider than long ; eleventh somewhat thicker,
not as long as the two preceding, obliquely and obtusely pointed ; last two or
three joints mutually connected by extremely slender and translucent stipites.
Prothorax almost exactly quadrate, very feebly rounded and narrowed at apex,
the sides thence subparallel and nearly straight to the base, fully 14 wider
than the prothorax ; surface very faintly impressed transversely in the middle
near the base, also with a small deep and elongate fovea at each side near the
side margin, the latter subacute toward base. Scutellum rather large and con-
spicuous, equilatero-triangular. lytra scarcely %£ longer than wide, obvi-

Coleopterolugical Notices, VII. 507

ously more than twice as long as the prothorax and about 14 wider, oblong-
oval in form, slightly widest and with the sides just visibly more rounded be-
hind basal %¢ ; sides feebly arcuate ; humeri somewhat traceable but not at all
prominent ; apices broadly and individually rounded, the dorsal pygidium
well exposed in the entering angle, long and acutely rounded ; basal, sutural
and humeral impressions obsolete ; each elytron with two small fovex at the
basal margin, the outer the larger. Abdomen with the basal segment longer
than the second, the fifth moderate ; sixth long, much developed, narrowly
rounded, with its surface evenly convex and sloping slightly upward. Meso-
sternum carinate, the side-pieces protuberant and setose. Metasternum very
long, densely hairy along its anterior margin throughout the width ; posterior
edge between the coxze transverse and slightly prominent at each side; epi-
sterna entirely covered. Legs short; femora all feebly clavate; hind tarsi
short, with the four basal joints subequal in length. Length 0.75-0.8 mm.;
width 0.3-0.35 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.) ; Massachusetts (Dracut).

The description is taken from the male, but there are no obvious
secondary modifications; the female is a little more ventricose,
with relatively smaller head and prothorax.

The specimens taken by Mr. Blanchard, under pine bark, in
Massachusetts, do not seem to differ from those sent by Mr.
Schmitt, showing that this remarkable type is not confined to
mountainous districts.

KUTHEIINI.

The tribe Eutheiini is allied to the Cephenniini in many of its
structural features, but differs very greatly in the head, which is
here porrect and not deflexed, and borne ona distinct, though ex-
tremely wide, neck, with the constriction exposed. It differs
equally strongly in the form of the prosternum before the coxe,
which, instead of being deeply emarginate and very short, is
rather long and well developed. The genera appear to he three
in number as follows :—

Hind cox widely separated; body larger in size.

Mesosternum broad aud perfectly flat; sides of the prothorax acute through-
out the length; nuchal constriction transverse and well marked above, the
vertex not bifoveate; antennz only moderately enlarged toward tip.

Eutheia

Mesosternum strongly carinate; sides of the prothorax acute and margined
only toward base; nuchal constriction more feeble above, anteriorly arcu-
ate and involving two fovee at the base of the vertex; last antennal joint
much inflated and enclosing a large, conspicuous spongy-pubescent cavity.

Veraphis
Hind cox very moderately separated; head without impressions; body minute
AMINSIZETPNETICLEL | cece cee seneceoaqoeceee att teacch cvendatendeensenwaomaserse Euthiodes

508 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

I have tried without much success to discover the true form of
the fourth palpal joint in Eutheia and Veraphis ; it is excessively
minute or obscure, and, in some species, the third joint seems to
be slightly oblique at apex, the fourth being a small and obtusely
rounded anchylosed prolongation ; in others it cannot be made out
at all by reflected light, and it would be necessary to detach the
palpus and mount it in Canada balsam in order to discover its
true form. The palpi are much less developed than in Cephenniini,
rather slender, the second joint shorter than the third, which is
narrowly fusiform, pointed and coarsely pubescent.

EUTHEIA Steph.

The species described below agrees in every essential generic
feature with H. scydmznoides of Europe, and is the only true Eu-
theia known to me at present from the American continent. Eu-
theia * is not at all closely related to Cephennium, although the
two have been placed in the same tribal group by recent Huropean
writers. The well developed prosternum before the coxze and
form of the head, are the principal characters which necessitate a
tribal separation.

1. K. americana on. sp.—Parallel, feebly convex, finely and closely
punctured throughout, pale luteo-testaceous, the antennz and legs concolorous,
the head blackish ; prothorax blackish-piceous, paler at the basal and apical
margins; pubescence extremely short and evenly recurved, quite dense
throughout, coarse, cinereous and distinct. Head much wider than long, very
feebly convex, the eyes large and convex, occupying the entire sides behind
the antenne, finely faceted, the facets convex ; antennal prominences small
but distinct ; front between the antenne narrowly parabolic, abruptly vertical
to the clypeus, which is very short and truncate ; labrum minute, transverse,
truncate ; mandibles small, circularly arcuate. Antenne slender, % as long as
the body, gradually and very moderately incrassate ; basal joint about as long

*The particular combination of letters given by Stephens to designate this
genus was Eutheia ; for any subsequent author or set of authors to state that
this was not a proper designation, but that ‘‘Euthia’’ must be substituted
for it, is obviously a kind of impertinent meddling which would produce in-
tolerable confusion if carried to its logical—or rather illogical, end. Another
equally flagrant case is the change of Brentus Fabr. into Brenthus. Generic
words are not a part of ordinary language and should not be subject to anv of
the usual rules of etymology, which are always inconstant and capricious ; they
are mere permutations and combinations of letters, used as symbols for genera
simply because numbers, or other serial symbols, do not admit of inter-
polations.

ae aie

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 509

as the next two, thicker than the second, which is oval, narrowed at base, 2¢
longer than wide, nearly as long as the next two and somewhat thicker ; third
smallest, parallel, 76 wider than long, much narrower than the fourth, which
is fully as long as wide; fourth to eighth increasing evenly and slowly in
width, eighth to tenth a little more rapidly ; fifth somewhat rounded, nearly
as long as wide ; sixth to tenth obtrapezoidal ; sixth and seventh %, eighth %,
ninth 3%, tenth 14, wider than long; eleventh barely as wide as the tenth,
conoidal, not as long as the two preceding, indented slightly and spongiose in-
ternally near theapex. Prothorax 7 wider than long, 34 wider than the head,
widest slightly before the middle, the sides broadly rounded, becoming
straight toward base, the latter transverse, about as wide as the apex, which is
broadly arcuate ; basal angles pronounced, not at all blunt; disk evenly con-
vex, broadly impressed toward the hind angles, with a deep and rounded fovea
at the middle, and another at each side near the base, with a small feeble fovea
intermediate at each side and still more basal. Scutellum small, semicircular.
Elytra %; longer than wide, more than twice as long as the prothorax and just
visibly wider ; sides parallel and feebly, evenly arcuate ; apex abbreviated
and broadly truncate ; each elytron with two subfoveate basal impressions, the
outer slightly the larger; suture elevated at base about the scutellum. Ex-
posed part of the dorsal pygidium wider than long, moderately declivous, para-
bolic. Legs rather short, slender, the femora extremely feebly swollen ; hind
tarsi relatively very long, almost as long as the tibize, very slender, with the
four basal joints decreasing very slowly in length. Basal segment of the ab-
domen almost as long as the next three and as long as the sixth, the latter
parabolic. Length 1.0 mm.; width 0.38 mm.

Pennsylvania ( Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

The mesosternum is trapezoidal, flat, impunctate, extending to
the middle of the intermediate acetabula and separated from the
metasternum by a fine subelevated suture; the metasternal pro-
cess has two short, feebly diverging lines from the apex along the
margins of the acetabula. The individual described is a male.

VERAPHIS n. gen.

The head and mesosternum in this genus differ very radically
from the same parts in Hutheia, and, as the name EHuthiodes was
applied by Dr. Brendel to a type species described as Euthiodes
lata, which seems to differ generically from his Huthiodes [ Vera-
phis| cristata, it becomes necessary to give ita new name. The
general form of the body, truncate elytra and exposed dorsal pygi-
dium are nearly as in Hutheia, but the upper surface is more con-
vex, the elytra more inflated, the antennze much more incrassate
at tip and the sculpture or punctuation of the integuments less
pronounced.

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., IX, May, 1897.—34.

510 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

The head is borne on a very short and broad neck, the dorsal
constriction being much more feeble than in Eutheia and anteriorly
arcuate, losing itself in a broad general depression at the base of
the vertex, where there are two rather approximate and shallow
fovere. The last joint of the antenne is very large and is deeply
excavated, the excavation being suggested. however, in a rudi-
mentary manner, in certain species of Hutheia. The prothorax is
generally transverse, with the lateral edges obtusely rounded, ex-
cept toward base where they become acutely margined and finely
beaded, the prosternum rather long before the coxz exactly as in
Eutheia. The scutellum is well developed, similar to that of
Eutheia, but altogether different from the form assumed in Cephen-
nium, where it is strongly transverse. Other characters of a gen-
eric nature may be noted in the detailed description of cavicornis
and capitata given below.

The species supposed to be assignable to Veraphis may be indi-
cated as follows :—

Elytra finely punctulate or subimpunctate; pronotum with a generally short
transverse impressed line near the base.

Head not carinate.

Rufo-testaceous, the pronotum not canaliculate.
Prothorax at least as long as wide [ LeConte. |
Basal foveze of the pronotum three in number, the transverse im-
PRESSION ‘SHFON KG). 55226. cose coe see ceanelsceee marcos st eae 1 impressa
Basal fovez five in number, the impression fine......... 2 longula
Prothorax distinctly wider than long.
Eyes larger, the tempora much shorter than the eyes and strongly
convergent behind them ; mandibles circularly rounded externally.
3 Cavicornis
Eyes small, the tempora behind them subparallel, almost straight
and as long as the eyes ; mandibles falcate, larger, strongly rounded

ab MASe OX FERMALL Ye. sciic.cjces vac vce emecidsbecueaeoe ese er eeeee 4 capitata

Black, the elytra testaceous ; pronotum with a feeble longitudinal im-
DUGSSIONE Se oesee osatencesnceuenecadaceens dslnnce eiamad c-cahes 5 scitula
Head with a short longitudinal carina..................0cccceeeeeneeeeee 6 cristata
Elytra distinctly punctured, the pronotum without a transverse impressed
VAM Goose data ets sit toedstnctcee sence ten dette na ceeded Sacsaides aah Aah eRe EEE eee eS 7 colon

These species are all unknown to me in nature except cavicornis
and capitata, which are to be regarded as types of the genus;
they are distributed over the entire country from the Atlantic to
the Pacific, although apparently preferring northern latitudes or
high altitudes and appear to be extremely rare, being represented
for the most part by unique examples at present.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 511

1. V. impressa Lec.—Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., V, No. 3, p. 513 (Euthia).

Dark rufo-testaceous, shining, sparsely pubescent. Head con-
vex, smooth; vertex with two small fovee. Prothorax smooth,a
little longer than wide, rounded on the sides, narrowed near the tip;
disk convex, with a deep transverse line near the base upon which
is a small medial puncture; near the hind angle at each side there
is a small elongate fovea. Elytra convex, scarcely perceptibly
punctulate. Length 1 mm.

California (Lake Tahoe). It may be strongly doubted that the
prothorax is longer than wide, as stated above by LeConte; it
would be a most remarkable form for the present tribe.

2. ¥. lemgula Lec.—Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., V, No. 3, p. 513 (Euthia).

Hlongate, rufo-testaceous ; antenne and legs yellow; elytra
from the first third nearly to the tip darker; pubescence sparse
and rather coarse. Head with two large shallow fovez. Pro-
thorax longer than wide, not narrowed in front, slightly rounded
at the sides, marked with a transverse impressed line near the
base; upon this line are situated two large punctures each side

and a smaller one at the middle. Elytra sparsely punctulate.

Length 1 mm. ;
Colorado (Garland). This species is apparently represented
only by the unique type in the cabinet of LeConte. If the form

of the prothorax is as stated in the original description given

above, this must be a very singular form, but the tendency of the
author referred to is, as I have several times before had occasion
to remark, to greatly magnify the length of a part in terms of its
width. In the figures accompanying the revision of LeConte
(1. e.), the prothorax of longula as delineated is as long as wide,
that of impressa a little wider than long.

3. V. Cavicornis n. sp.—Oblong-suboval, rather convex, polished, im-~-
punctate, the elytra extremely minutely, sparsely and feebly punctulate; pubes-
cence rather sparse, inconspicuous anteriorly, rather long coarse pale and
strongly recurved on the elytra, intermingled with a few erect. sete. Head
much wider than long, broadly impressed basally, the constriction feeble in the
depression, the fove small and shallow, separated by less than 14 of the total
width, the surface between them and thence anteriorly for a short distance
scarcely noticeably convex but closely and asperately punctulate; eyes rather
large and convex, somewhat finely faceted; front transversely angulate between
the widely distant antennz, then rapidly declivous to the clypeus, which is
very short and rectilinearly truncate; labrum transverse. Antenne barely as

512 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

long as the head and prothorax, extremely stout toward apex; basal joint cy-
lindric, not more than 3¢ longer than wide, not quite as long as the next two
but much stouter; second feebly obconic, scarcely 14 longer than wide, shorter
than the next two and decidedly stouter; third and fourth cylindric, equal in
width, quadrate and distinctly shorter than wide respectively; fifth and sixth
subequal in width and fully 1g wider, 14 and 44 wider than long; seventh 14,
eighth 14 wider than the sixth, both very short and transverse; ninth and tenth
extremely short, transverse and obtrapezoidal, 14 and 44 wider than the eighth,
more than twice as wide as long; eleventh 74 wider than the tenth, as long as
the preceding three combined, oval, obtusely pointed, with a very large
spongy-pubescent cavity internally near the apex. Prothorawx a little more than
14 wider than long, 14 wider than the head, the sides feebly convergent and
straight from near apical third to the base, rounded at apex, the latter broadly
arcuate; base transverse; basal angles slightly obtuse but not at all blunt,
slightly superposed upon the elytral base within the humeri; disk strongly
convex, with five subbasal foveze, the median transversely dilated, the lateral
strongest. Scutellum large, semicircular, slightly rugose. Elytra oval, widest
at the middle, with the sides parallel and even arcuate, 7 longer than wide,
21¢ times as long as the prothorax and fully % wider, broadly truncate at tip
and individually somewhat anteriorly oblique and rounded toward the sutural
angle; humeral plica very minute, the subhumeral impression short and basal;
inner fovea very deep and perforate along the scutellar bead, oval with pubes-
cent edges; disk with a feeble impression near the suture nearly throughout
the length; suture with a flat and abruptly elevated bead toward base, extend-
ing strongly about the scutellum. Dorsal pygidium only partially exposed,
parabolic. Legs moderate in length, the femora feebly clavate; hind tarsi ex-
tremely slender but much shorter than the tibiz, with the basal joint about as
long as the next two. Length 1.25 mm.; width 0.45 mm.

Utah (Park City). Mr. Schwarz.

It is possible that the remarkable cavity in the eleventh an-
tennal joint may be partly sexual in origin, but there is nothing
else about the two specimens before me to indicate the male; in
fact the rather abbreviated last segments of the abdomen are
usually more characteristic of the female.

4. V. capitata n. sp.—Oblong, rather strongly convex, polished, im-
punctate, the sparse and fine punctulation of the elytra-searcely visible, pale
rufo-testaceous throughout, the legs and antennz concolorous ; pubescence
short, pale and inconspicuous anteriorly,-short, sparse and strongly recurved
on the elytra, intermingled with sparse erect sete. Head distinctly wider than
long, the eyes small and only slightly convex, at their own length from the
base, the tempora just visibly convergent and very feebly arcuate behind them
to the abrupt but feeble nuchal constriction, the latter strongly and anteriorly
arcuate on the upper surface, the fovez distinct, separated by 4 of the entire
width and finely tuberculiferous; intermediate and anterior surface very feebly
convex and wholly sculptureless ; front broadly subangulate between the

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 513

widely separated antennz, then rapidly declivous, the clypeus very short,
broadly arcuate at apex ; labrum small, transverse ; mandibles large, falcate;
palpi slender, the third joint blackish, remainder testaceous. Antenne slightly
longer than the head and prothorax, the club very stout and incrassate ; first
joint oval, 14 longer than wide, as long as the next two, slightly stouter than
the second, which is oval, 1g longer than wide, as long as the next two and
distinctly Sige third and fourth equal in width, suboval, 14 and 144 wider
than long ; fifth oral sixth a little wider, very Sale: and quite dicinatiy’
wider than long respectively ; seventh and eighth still wider and more trans-
verse, equal in width, 14 and 34 wider than long; ninth and tenth darker in
color, blackish, obtrapezoidal, transverse, 34 and once wider than the eighth,
84 wider than, and more than twice as wide as, long, respectively ; eleventh
only slightly wider than the tenth, oval, not as long as wide, not longer than
the two preceding, very obtuse, with a large spongiose cavity on the inner side
near the apex. Prothorax %£ wider than long, nearly 34 wider than the head ;
sides parallel, broadly rounded anteriorly, straight toward base, the latter
broadly, feebly bisinuate, the angles not at all blunt ; apex broadly arcuate ;
disk having a short transverse subbasal impression at the middle, with a small
and feeble fovea near it at each side, and a large, deep and oval fovea near
each basal angle. Scutellum large, subparabolic, subscabrous, broadly rounded
at tip and fully as long as wide. Elytra 7 longer ian wide, parallel, with
the sides a little more prominently arcuate at basal 7¢, fully 2 v, times as long
as the prothorax and 1g wider, broadly truncate at tip, with the sutural angle
somewhat rounded ; humeral plica narrow, strong but short, the subhumeral
impression deep, slightly elongate ; inner fovea large and deep ; disk not ob-
viously impressed along the suture, the latter with a flat and abrupt bead
toward base, broadly enveloping the scutellum. Dorsal pygidium only half
exposed, broadly rounded. JLegs slender, the femora very feebly swollen.
Length 1.25 mm.; width 0.5 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

The hind cox are separated by about 2 of their own width,
the metasternum only feebly produced Between them and broadly,
feebly sinuate in circular arc throughout the width, the first ab-
dominal segment shorter than the next three, the sixth large and
parabolic. The metasternum is finely carinate along the middle
anteriorly, the carina increasing in elevation until it meets the
strong mesosternal keel. The first joint of the hind tarsi is fully
as long as the next two combined.

This species can be readily distinguished from cavicornis by
several strongly accentuated structural differences, which are
however in no way generic or subgeneric in nature. The sex of
the unique type is not determinable.

5. WV. scitula Makl.—Bull. Mosc., 1852, p. 330 (Eutheia).
Black, shining ; antennae, legs and elytra testaceous ; prothorax

514 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

and elytra obsoletely punctulate, the former subquadrate, finely
canaliculate, depressed and bifoveate at each side posteriorly ;
elytra truncate. Length 4 lin.; width ¢ lin.

Alaska (Sitka). It is possible that this may be a true Eutheia,
as no mention is made of the fovez of the vertex so characteristic
of Veraphis.

6. V. cristata Bndl.—Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XX, 1893, p. 284 (Eu-
thiodes).

Extremely finely and sparsely punctulate, the head carinate in
the middle, and, on either side of the carina, impressed. Pro-
notum with an abbreviated basal line, a conspicuous fovea 4+ the
length of the disk from the base, and, on either side in the middle,
between the medial and the anteriorly prolonged lateral fovea,
there is a deep puncture; basal angles explanate. Length 1.2 mm.

Pennsylvania (Cambria Co.). Mr. Schwarz informs me that he
also has taken this species, or one closely allied, in the Alleghany
Mountains, and that in his opinion the cephalic carina is not a
sexual character.

7. WV. colom Horn—Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Il, 1868, p. 131; Lec.: Bull.
U.S. Geol. Sury., V, No. 3, p. 514 (Euthia).

Testaceous, shining, sparsely clothed with suberect yellow
hairs ; head scarcely punctured. Prothorax quadrate, moderately
convex; sides rounded in front, gradually narrowing behind ;
hind angles distinct; base truncate with a transverse row of six
large punctures. EHlytra moderately convex, coarsely punctured,
pubescent and with two black spots at the posterior third.
Length .04 inch [1.0 mm.]. One specimen from Fort Grant,
. Arizona. The elytra are of a paler color than the rest of the body
and more densely pubescent.

The above is the description of Dr. Horn; that of LeConte is
virtually as follows :—

Elongate, ferruginous, shining, clothed with short, sparse and
coarse yellowish pubescence. Head punctulate, feebly impressed.
Prothorax a little wider than long, rounded on the sides, slightly
narrower in front than at the base, which is finely margined at the
middle but without a transverse impressed line; disk punctulate ;
the two large basal punctures [at each side] are confluent, and the
middle one is smaller. Elytra distinctly punctulate. Length
1 mm.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 515

Arizona and California (San Diego Co.). Two specimens are
known.

EUTHIODES Bndl.

The characters relating to the palpi, which were given by Dr.
Brendel to distinguish this genus from Eutheia, may be assumed
te be doubtful; it is stated that the third and fourth joints are
united in a thick fusiform body sharply pointed. The antennz
are said to be strongly geniculate, and the posterior coxe very
moderately separated—which is the substance of the entire de-
scription. In the drawing accompanying the description, the hind
body is much inflated, in a way quite foreign to Veraphis or
Kutheia, and the fourth palpal joint is represented as large, conical
and conspicuous, inserted axially in the tip of the third, the latter
short and obconic. The following species is the type :—

1. E. latus Bndl.—Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XX, 1893, p. 283.

Coarsely, faintly and sparsely punctured at the sides of the
elytra, otherwise impunctate; vertex without impressions, the
pronotum with a median subbasal puncture, a longitudinal elon-
gate fovea near each basal angle, and, between this and the middle
one, two confluent punctures. Elytra 4 longer than wide.
Length 0.66 mm.

Iowa. The non-foveate head, very moderately separated hind
cox and minute size, make it highly improbable that this species
can be congeneric with the cristata of the same author. It may
possibly prove to be a species of Ascydmus, in which case that
name would have to be replaced by Euthiodes, and the tribe
known as the Euthiodiini.

CHEVROLATIINI.

The single known genus of this tribe contains but few species,
exceedingly rare in individuals and distributed perhaps about
equally in Europe, northern Africa and eastern North Amer-
ica; it is not known thus far from the Pacific coast regions of the
American continent. It is a very isolated type, but aside from
the radically different form of the head, seems to have considerable
affinity with the Eutheiini, especially through Veraphis.

CHEVROLATIA Duval.

The body is subdepressed, with truncate elytra and a largely
exposed and feebly declivous dorsal pygidium as in Eutheiini.

516 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

Head feebly declivous, exserted and borne on an elongate and
rather strongly but not abruptly constricted neck, almost similar
to that of the Lophioderini, and, in an almost similar manner, the
dorsal surface of the neck and basal parts of the vertex are
deeply excavated. Eyes large, convex, median and prominent ;
front narrowed and gradually elevated beyond the eyes, the an-
tennz attached under the tip and approximate at base, monili-
form, gradually and feebly incrassate, devoid of distinct club, and
equally strongly sculptured and finely, though not densely, pubes-
cent from base to apex. Clypeus very short, not visible from
above, broadly and very feebly sinuate at apex, the labrum large,
' transverse, circularly sinuate at the middle, the apices more nar-
rowly rounded. Mandibles short, very stout, arcuate, somewhat
angulate externally near the base, the apices acute but not finely
aciculate. Third palpal joint large, stout, finely and denselv
pubescent, the fourth represented by a large and oblique, feebly
convex and spongiose apical truncature; it is attached to the
short and stout second joint by a small, abruptly curved and bulbi-
form peduncle, Labial palpi minute, slightly dilated and strongly
setose at apex. Mentum rather small, subquadrate, its surface
strongly convex. Maxillary cardo large and conspicuous, the
lobe elongate, densely setose at tip and more sparsely and
coarsely so along its outer edge. Prothorax strongly carinate at
each side toward base, the prosternum well developed, flat, twice
as wide as long and densely pubescent before the coxe, which are
ovo-conoidal and contiguous, their cavities confluent, broadly
open behind and closed by the mesosternum, which is horizon-
tally and shallowly biexcavated for the reception of the coxe; an-
terior margin of the double acetabulum cuspid; trochantin com-
pletely wanting. Mesosternum tumid and elevated above the me-
tasternum, slightly prominent along the middle anteriorly but
scarcely carinate, sending a long process between the middle
cox, the latter conical and rather narrowly separated; side-
pieces tumid and pubescent as usual. Metasternum large,
densely pubescent along its entire anterior margin, finely carinate
along the middle, gradually more strongly anteriorly, the carina
obsolete posteriorly ; parapleurz concealed by the elytra but
turned inward slightly behind to meet the hind coxe, which are
small, oval and very remotely separated, more so than in any
other genus of the family, the metasternal edge between them

Coleopterological Notices, VII. d1T

broadly, feebly and evenly sinuate. First ventral segment longer
than the next three together, the latter short; fifth but slightly
longer than the fourth, the sixth elongate, parabolic, longer than
the first. Legs moderate, the hind trochanters small; femora
moderately clavate; hind tarsi filiform, much shorter than the
tibiz, the basal joint 4 longer than the second, the next two
equal, the fourth a little shorter, the fifth fully as long as the first
two together ; joints stout, strongly oblique at apex ; ungues slen-
der, moderately arcuate.

1. C. amoena Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1866, p. 370.

Somewhat narrow and shining, impunctate, pale rufo-testaceous
throughout ; pubescence distinct, closely recurved, long and brist-
ling at the basal parts of the head and on the neck. Head a little
longer than wide. Antenne a little longer than the head and pro-
thorax, the basal joint somewhat longer than the next two to-
gether; outer joints gradually wider; eight to ten slightly trans-
verse ; basal part of the vertex and the neck deeply depressed,
longitudinally and feebly ridged along the sides. Prothorax dis-
tinctly longer than wide, fully 2 wider than the head, obliquely
narrowed anteriorly from near the middle, the sides parallel and
straight in more than basal half; disk with a strong longitudinal
carina near the base at the middle, and, on each side, transversely
impressed, the impression interrupted at outer third. Scutellum
small, rounded. Elytra 4 longer than wide, rather more than
twice as long as the prothorax and fully 4 wider; sides feebly sub-
prominent just before the middle; humeri quite evident ; humeral
‘plica and impression narrow but feeble, the inner fovea large,
deep, pubescent at its anterior margin; suture beaded, the bead
wide, dilated and enveloping the scutellum at base. Legs mod-
erate in length. Length 2.0 mm.; width 0.63 mm.

Georgia (Savannah). It is not possible to state definitely
whether this is the species described by LeConte under the name
amena, from Washington, D. C., and the vicinity of New York
City ; the above description is based upon a specimen borrowed
from Mr. Schwarz for the purpose, and has never been compared
carefully with the type; it is apparently a male, as the anterior
trochanters are obtusely prominent behind. The original descrip-
tion is wholly inadequate, and the statement that the fourth pal-
pal joint is narrow and subulate (Class. Col. N. A., 2 ed., p. 84) is

518 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

unaccountably erroneous. But very few examples have ever been
taken.

This species apparently occurs only in the low sea-board plains
of the Atlantic coast, and thus far exclusively in the neighborhood
of large cities; the probability of its European origin may there-
fore be an open question for the present. The genus seems, how-
ever, to be represented in Mexico by a species different from any
known in Europe, and recently described by Mr. Croissandeau
(Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1893, p. 231).

LEPTOSCYDMINI.

This tribe, though very limited thus far in extent, is important
from a taxonomic standpoint,in the fact that it constitutes a bond
between the ordinary forms of the subfamily, through the Chey-
rolatiini, and the exceedingly isolated Eumicrini which follow.
Its affinity with Chevrolatiini is proved by the truncate elytra,
exposed, flat and declivous pygidium, the latter being however
much more inclined than in that tribe, and by the conformation of
the metasternal side-pieces, these being narrow and concealed by
the elytra but becoming inwardly prominent behind and partially
enclosing the coxe. With the Eumicrini its relationship is in-
dicated by the nearly but not quite vertical pygidium, and slight-
ly arcuate subapical sutures of the abdomen, absence of basal
modifications of the elytra, convex form of body and general
facies. It differs very radically from both the tribes mentioned
in the structure of the front, as explained in the table previously
given.

LEPTOSCYDMUS n. gen.

The body in this genus is narrowly suboval and very convex,
with trunctate elytra and strongly declivous pygidium. Head
well developed, feebly inclined, the neck abruptly and deeply con-
stricted, the constriction perfectly simple and transverse, the eyes
small, anterior and on the sides. Antenne very approximate in in-
sertion, rather short, gradually and strongly incrassate toward tip
but with the last three joints forming a rather indistinctly differ-
entiated club. Clypeus flat, porrect, moderate in length, the lab-
rum small, short and transverse. Mandibles moderate in devel-
opment, dentate within as usual, the portion between the tooth
and the apex rather slender, feebly arcuate, very gradually and

—

Coleopterological Notices, VII. . 519
‘ {

finely pointed and apparently extremely minutely and feebly ser-
rulate within to near the apex. Maxillary palpi very moderate in
size, the third joint rather slender, ovo-obconic, with the terminal
axial button small and obtuse, the labial palpi very minute. Men-
tum large, flat, polished and sculptureless, trapezoidal. Protho-
rax subcordate, strongly convex, feebly foveate near the base, the
prosternum well developed and pubescent before the cox. Scu-
tellum excessively minute but present in both species, only visible
under high amplification. LElytra oval, strongly convex, devoid
of the feeblest trace of basal impression, fitted evenly and closely
against the broadly arcuate base of the prothorax, very narrowly
overlapping posteriorly, the apical truncature nearly straight and
anteriorly oblique sutureward, the sutural angles extremely mi-
nutely denticulate. Mesosternum very strongly carinate, the
middle cox narrowly separated; hind coxe distinctly but not
remotely separated, the abdominal process truncate ; first abdomi-
nal segment notas long as the next three, the last two rather
short. Legs moderate in length, the femora slightly clavate ;
hind tarsi much shorter than the tibiz, with the first joint not
quite as long as the next two; second to fourth subequal, the fifth
as long as the first two, the four basal joints oblique at apex;
claws extremely slender and strongly arcuate.

The two species may be distinguished as follows :—
Body larger, the elytra more elongate; head broader in both sexes; male

secondary characters very feeble..................0-02sesceessenseeeereeseeses 1 caseyi
Body much smaller, the head narrow and subelongate in the female, broader

and scarcely longer than wide in the male; secondary sexual characters at

the ventral apex strongly developed......................ceeeee eee ees 2 cavifrons

These species were both included in the description of casey2z
given by Dr. Brendel, cavifrons doing duty as the male and caseyz
as the female.

1. L. caseyi Bndl.—Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XX, p. 282 (Eumicrus).

Narrowly suboval, polished and subimpunctate, pale rufo-testa-
ceous throughout the body, legs and antennz; pubescence short,
rather sparse, evenly distributed and closely recurved, pale in
color but not conspicuous, Head distinctly wider than long,
strongly narrowed from the front to the neck, the latter scarcely
more than ? of the maximum width; sides evenly and strongly
arcuate; eyes small, anterior, on the sides, very inconspicuous
and not convex, the facets feebly formed and wanting in the pos-

520 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

terior half of the black pigment area; upper surface feebly and
evenly convex, finely, sparsely punctulate, evenly covered with
short, inclined and coarse hairs, which are evenly and posteriorly
oblique in direction at each side of the median line throughout;
front broadly truncate, with a small and tumid cusp in the middle.
Antenne very approximate, inserted under the frontal surface, as
long as the head and prothorax, stout, incrassate toward tip;
basal joint cylindric, 3 longer than wide, but little thicker than
the second, slightly longer than the next two; second stout, as
long as wide, rounded at the sides, much stouter than the third,
which is 4 wider than long; three to eight increasing very slowly
in width; nine to eleven equally gradually but more rapidly
thicker; all the joints moderately transverse, except the fourth,
which is almost as long as wide; ninth scarcely 2 thicker than the
eighth; eleventh about as long as wide, not quite as long as the
two preceding, obtusely pointed. Prothorax as long as wide, 2
wider than the head, widest at apical third; sides parallel and
evenly, circularly rounded, becoming strongly convergent and
feebly sinuate toward base; disk very convex, with a small and-
deep perforate fovea at each side of the middle near the base,
and another more minute and lateral. Elytra almost $longerthan
wide, a little more than twice as long as the prothorax and 4
wider, ovulate, widest and more prominent at the sides behind
basal third; disk perfectly devoid of impressions. Legs slender,
the femora feebly clavate. Length 1.35 mm.; width 0.45 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). The description is derived
from the male, but the female is nearly similar, having the head a
little narrower and as long as wide, more triangular, the sides be-
hind the eyes more feebly arcuate and the small frontal cusp not
tumid, the antenne fully as long but not quite so stout, and the
elytra just visibly shorter and more inflated; there is but little
sexual difference in the eyes. In the male the last two ventral
segmentsare a little longer than in the female, the fifth in the lat-
ter not being longer than the fourth; but in both sexes they are
perfectly simple and unmodified, the sixth evenly rounded be-
hind.

2. L. Cavifrons n. sp.—Narrowly suboval, very convex, polished, subim-
punctate, pale rufo-testaceous throughout ; pubescence very short, even, rather
sparse, decumbent and inconspicuous. Head oval, as long as wide, the eyes
anterior, rather well developed but only slightly convex, and with the facets

Coleopterolugical Notices, VII. 521

feebly developed ; tempora long, feebly convergent and only slightly arcuate
behind the eyes to the base and there abruptly constricted, the neck fully 14
of the maximum width ; surface finely, sparsely punctulate and sparsely and
inconspicuously pubescent in basal half, perfectly smooth and glabrous an-
teriorly, becoming very slightly concave behind the transverse frontal margin,
which is broadly and angularly prominent in the middle. Antenne a little
shorter than the head and prothorax, rather slender, the club gradual, with
the last two joints notably larger ; basal joint cylindric, more than twice as
long as wide, nearly as long as the next three, bent toward base, extending
under the frontal margin ; second but little thinner, oval, rather longer than
wide, much thicker than the third, the latter smallest, much wider than long ;
four to seven subglobular and a little thicker, becoming a little more trans-
verse ; eighth decidedly shorter and more transverse but not distinctly wider ;
eight to ten increasing rapidly in width and length, the latter 34 wider than
long, equal in width to the eleventh, which is subcylindric, closely connected
to the tenth, nearly as long as the two preceding and very obtuse at apex ;
fifth a little longer than the fourth or sixth. /Prothorax rather distinctly
longer than wide, 34 wider than the head, widest rather behind apical third,
the sides evenly and strongly rounded, becoming convergent and feebly sinu-
ate toward base ; disk with a small fovea at each side of the middle near the
base, the lateral fovea scarcely visible even as a trace. Llytra barely %
longer than wide, scarcely twice as long as the prothorax and % wider, the
sides rather strongly oblique from basal %¢ to the apical truncature ; humeri
somewhat evident ; disk perfectly even, without trace of basal impressions.
Legs moderate in length, rather slender, the femora feebly clavate, the an-
terior somewhat more distinctly so. Length 1.05 mm.; width 0.35 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

The male described above differs conspicuously from the female,
the latter having the head narrower, more parallel, rather longer than
wide, equally pubescent throughout, and not concave behind the
truncate frontal margin, which is only very feebly and obtusely sub-
prominent at the middle; the eyes are nearly as in the male, the
antenne a little more slender, with the basal joint not quiteas long
and the fifth joint not evidently larger, but otherwise similar, and
the elytra are very slightly shorter and more inflated. In the
male the fifth ventral segment has a deflexed and cuspid apical
margin, the cusp obtusely angulate and finely pubescent, and the
sixth has a large rounded median excavation, which is feebly con-
cave, glabrous and polished, with its edges prominent at the sides
posteriorly but not at the middle of the apex. In the female the
last two segments are perfectly simple, the fifth not longer than
the fourth and the sixth a little longer, evenly and broadly para-
bolic at apex.

522 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

EumIcrInI.

Within this tribe are included forms which differ profoundly
from all other Scydmenidz in the elongation of the posterior
trochanters, in the possession of a large vertical and convex
pygidium, and in having the segments and sutures of the abdo-
men arcuate. All of these characters are preéminently and essen-
tially pselaphidous in nature, and show that the Humicrini make
a closer approach to the Pselaphide than any other known types
of the present family. The Eumicrini include also some of the
largest and most specialized forms of the family, having in fact
very much the same relationship with the ordinary Scydmenidz
subulipalpi, that the Ctenistini and Tyrini bear to the Bryaxini,
for example.

The genera are moderately numerous, and have been involved
in considerable ambiguity hitherto. In the recent Huropean cata-
logue of Heyden, Reitter and Weise, there are included under the
head of Scydmeenus, the subgenera Microstemma of Motschulsky,
having for its type tarsata Mull, Eustemmus of Reitter, having as
types antidotus and some other species, none of which are before
me now, and Scydmenus in sp., with rufus Mull. and hellwigi
Fab., for its types among others, and having for a synonym Cho-
lerus Thoms. Eumicrus is alleged to be a synonym of Scydme-
nus in its comprehensive sense.

Now the most obvious inconsistency in this arrangement comes
from the fact that the subgenus Scydmenus of Reitter, contains
at least two perfectly distinct genera, one having for its type
rufus, the type of Cholerus Thoms., with the side-pieces of the
metasternum completely covered by the elytra and not approach-
ing the hind coxe, and the other represented by hellwigt, which
is constituted throughout exactly like our zimmermanni, with
distinct met-episterna, which partially enclose the hind cox. I
would propose, therefore, the following scheme for generic types,
which would seem to be sufficiently exact and impartial.

Evustemmus Reit.—type antidotus Germ.
Eumiceus Lap. (syn. Microstemma Mots.)—type tarsatus Mull.
CuoLeRus Thoms.—type rufus Mull.

For the reasons stated above, hellwigt and zimmermanni, with
congeneric species, must receive a new name, and it is probable
that the Australian Heterognathus, of King, will prove to be valid
also.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 523

Our genera are three in number and may be thus defined :—

Met-episternum distinct, partly enclosing the hind coxe ; prothorax oval, the
prosternum moderately developed before the coxe ; hind body moderately

inflated.
Body stouter ; scutellum present between the elytra though minute ; first
joint of the hind tarsi only moderately elongate.................. Eumicrus

Body smaller and more slender, the met-episternum narrower ; scutellum
wholly wanting ; basal joint of the hind tarsi much elongated, fully as
long as the next two Combined ...................eceecee scence sees Acholerops

Met-episternum entirely covered, the hind coxee wholly enclosed by the ster-
num and abdomen ; prothorax narrow, strongly conic, the prosternum much
longer before the coxe ; hind body greatly inflated............... Ceramphis

The species assigned below to EKumicrus coincide completely in
habitus and generic structure with the European tarsatus, the an-
terior tarsi being generally dilated in the male in the same man-
ner. Eumicrus and Acholerops are confined to the Atlantic and
Sonoran provinces of our fauna, while Ceramphis is purely
Sonoran.

EUMICRUS Lap.

Body stout and very convex, with entire and conjointly rounded
elytra, which are generally impressed at base but without trace of
fovexe. The head is large and thick, borne on avery strongly con-
stricted neck, the constriction appearing in vertical profile as a
deep and narrow cleft at each side, simple and transverse above.
Eyes well developed and anterior; front narrowed and slightly
prolonged in the middle, the antennze quite approximate at base,
long and well developed, rather thick, with the basal joint some
what more elongate than usual, and the apical joints forming
the 3-jointed, incrassate and very minutely and densely pubescent
club characteristic of the tribe; funicle strongly reflexile in the ex-
cavated apex of the basal joint. Clypeus simple, porrect, truncate
and moderate in length, the labrum short, transverse, bearing an
apical series of long stiff setee, and with a median indentation on
the disk. Mandibles quite well developed, the median tooth of
the right acute, inclined and well developed, that of the left
being short and hollowed in saginata. The maxillary palpi are
long and well developed, the second joint arcuate, third longer
and narrowly obconic, very finely and densely pubescent, the
fourth minute, rigidly and axially attached within the apex of the
third, obtuse and similarly densely pubescent, the labial with the
first joint small, the second elongate and cylindric and the third

524 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

short and slender, inserted obliquely in the apex of the second.
Mentum trapezoidal, tlat, with the basal angles reflexed.

The prothorax is rather long, subparallel and generally
broadly rounded at the sides, the latter oblique and straight or
nearly so toward hase, the pronotum usually with two small foveze
at each side near the base, the prosternum moderately long before
the coxee, pubescent but with a median triangular glabrous, area
bordering the acetabula, the coxe large and conovoidal. Middle
coxee large, very approximate, separated only by a narrow lami-
nate carina, the trochanters moderate in length, stout. Posterior
cox rather widely separated, oval, extending only to the wide
met-episterna, which are defined by a very coarse and excavated
suture ; trochanters long, cylindric and swoilen internally toward
apex. First ventral segment almost as long as the next three.
Legs long, the femora very strongly clavate in apical half or more;
tibize straight ; tarsi slender, the anterior incrassate or dilated to-
ward base.

Our species may be briefly outlined by the foliowing characters:—
Front more broadly and feebly prominent between the antenne; basal joint

of the latter moderate in length; elytra more distinctly impressed at base,
with more evident humeri; pubescence denser, moderately long and dis-
tinctly recurved on the elytra; head not more pubescent at base; body
generally darker in color.

Larger species, more elongate-oval, never less than 2 mm. in length.

Head more strongly transverse, obsoletely elevated longitudinally in the
middle toward base; pronotum densely punctured toward base.
Elytra broadly oval, 7 longer than wide, broadly parabolic at apex;
third joint of the maxillary palpi stouter, more strongly narrowed at
base; body: stowter:..:..c2iiccs.csssceensecbeuseetasescrecsesereee 6 1 grossus
Elytra more narrowly oval and elongate, 14 longer than wide, subacutely
rounded at tip; third palpal joint slender, gradually narrowed toward
DASE RR eos wae ahe ices cscenene seats oe enee Rene ee cane ene é 2 occipitalis
Head feebly transverse or subquadrate; occiput not at all tumid in the
middle; pronotum not distinctly punctured near the base.
Femora gradually clavate; elytra very convex, the humeral plica short

and obtuse.
Subbasal foveze of the pronotum smaller and circular but very unequal
TW SIZE yo aeie where aweise's jo 0cioe. dscns oacei’sscvsehh ee chee eee eee 3 vestalis

Subbasal foveze large and unequal, the inner transversely oval.
4 foveatus
Femora abruptly clavate, the elytra shorter and more depressed, with
the humeral plica longer, narrower and more prominent; subbasal
foveze of the pronotum rather small, rounded and subequal.
5 quadriceps

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 525

Smaller species, much less than 2 mm. in length; femora abruptly clavate.
Body stout, the prothorax not longer than wide and subglobular; antennse
stouter, with a stronger and less rapidly incrassate club.
@ 6 motschulskii
Body Jess- stout, the prothorax longer than wide; antenne long and
slender, with a very rapidly incrassate club............ ° 7 floridanus
Front more narrowly and strongly prolonged between the antenne, the basal
joint of the latter longer; elytra scarcely at all impressed at base, the
humeri subobsolete; pubescence of the elytra long, sparser erect and
bristling; femora very abruptly clavate; head with a denser tuft of coarse
hairs at each side of the base of the occiput; body generally pale in color.
Posterior femora simple, strongly clavate as usual but not dentate externally.
Sides of the prothorax broadly and evenly rounded, though gradually
more convergent anteriorly as usual.
Prothorax longer than wide; antennal club more slender.
2 8 longicollis
Prothorax not quite as long as wide; antennze stouter throughout.
2 9 ochreatus
Sides of the prothorax swollen and subangularly prominent behind the

middle; head relatively smaller, the elytra shorter....... 10 saginatus
Posterior femora dentate externally near the trochanters, probably in both
SERA Seer ieeen aie en Nac aa se acmelomaniciedl. voce cubits sseoswlbindace s unaels's 11 cruralis

The two principal subdivisions indicated above are almost sub-
generic in importance ; the second is probably myrmecophilous
in habits. The species are rather closely allied among themselves
but appear to be distinct as defined above. The male has the
sixth ventral segment longer than the female as a rule.

1. Eu. srossus Lec.—New Sp. Coleop. 1, Sm. Mise. Coll. 167, p. 26.
(Microstemma).

Stout, very convex, polished, dark castaneous, the elytra
slightly paler and brighter rufous; legs and antenne dark rufo-
testaceous ; pubescence rather abundant, shorter and but slightly
conspicuous anteriorly, erect, longer and recurved on the elytra.
Head from frontal margin to base about 2? wider than long, the
eyes rather large but only feebly convex, the tempora 3 longer
than the eyes, feebly convergent and broadly rounded behind
them to the abrupt basal constriction, minutely, sparsely punctu-
late with a wide smooth median space, which becomes tumid to-
ward base; hairs directed transversely and inwardly. Antenne
tas long as the body, the club incrassate ; basal joint much thicker
than the second and fully 4 longer, enlarged toward apex and
deeply hollowed within for the reception of the second joint when

ANNALS N. Y. AcaD. Scr., IX, June, 1897.—35.

526 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

reflexed, the excavation continued to the base as a shallow
canaliculation ; second slightly thicker than the third and follow-
ing joints, obconoidal, 4 longer than wide, ¢ as long as the third,
the latter +, fourth 3, fifth 1, sixth 2, longer than wide; seventh
and eighth just visibly wider and much shorter, as long as wide
and a little wider than than long respectively; ninth as long as the
two preceding and #4 wider, obtrapezoidal, longer than wide;
tenth still wider, obtrapezoidal, rather closely joined, slightly
wider than long; eleventh still wider, gradually pointed, not quite
as long as the two preceding. Prothorax large and very convex,
fully as long as wide, 2 wider than the head, widest and with the
sides broadly arcuate at apical 2, the sides feebly convergent and
nearly straight toward base; disk coarsely punctured near the
base at each side of the median line, and with two large fovez in
addition, elsewhere impunctate. Elytra rather short, evenly
elliptical, 2 longer than wide, 2 wider than the prothorax and
barely twice as long, widest just before the middle; sides almost
evenly arcuate; humeri rather evident; basal impression short
and rather feeble; disk finely, sparsely punctulate; suture very
feebly elevated toward base but not at all beaded. Pygidium
triangular, as long as wide, narrowly rounded at apex, sparscly
and coarsely pubescent, rather distinctly punctured toward base.
Legs long and stout, the femora strongly but rather gradually
clavate; hind tarsi with the four basal joints cylindric, trans-
versely truncate at apax, the first about 4 longer than the second.
Length 2.4 mm.; width 0.8 mm.

Louisiana and Arkansas. The type described above has the
sixth ventral very nearly as long as the first and is probably the
male. The anterior tarsi are distinctly, although not very
broadly, dilated toward base.

2. Ku. occipitalis n. sp.—Rather elongate and only moderately stout,
polished, subimpunctate, uniformly dark rufo-testaceous throughout, the
legs and antenne not paler ; pubescence abundant, evenly distributed, shorter
and less conspicuous anteriorly, erect and recurved on the elytra. Head trans-
verse, the portion behind the antenne fully 14 wider than long ; eyes well de-
veloped, though feebly convex ; tempora nearly twice as long as the eyes,
feebly convergent and broadly arcuate, becoming parallel for some distance be-
hind the eyes, the truncate base equal to 34 of the total width ; upper surface
evenly convex, finely, sparsely punctulate and pubescent, the hairs directed
transversely, a broad median line impunctate, glabrous and becoming slightly
tumid toward base. Antenne rather more than 14 as long as the body, the

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 527

basal joint slightly thicker and 74 longer than the second, dilated at apex and
grooved above ; second a little thicker and not longer than the third, 14 longer
than wide ; third rather more than 14, fourth 14, fifth 34, sixth 14, longer than
wide, equal in width and cylindric ; six to eight oblique at apex ; seventh and
eighth scarcely visibly wider, equal, slightly wider than long ; ninth as long
as the two preceding and *%% thicker, truncate, fully as long as wide; tenth
equal in length but wider, slightly transverse, the eleventh still thicker,
gradually pointed, about as long as the two preceding. Prothorar as long as
wide, nearly +g wider than the head, widest and evenly rounded laterally near
apical third, the sides becoming oblique and straight toward base ; disk very
convex, impunctate but becoming coarsely and rather densely punctate toward
base at each side of the middle, the two foveze at each side small. Elytra
finely, sparsely punctulate, fully 44 longer than wide, 214 times as long as the
prothorax and about 4 wider, together rather narrowly ogival toward apex,
widest just before the middle, the sides very evenly arcuate throughout, be-
coming nearly straight toward base, the humeri scarcely at all evident and but
slightly tumid above ; basal impression of each short and rather feeble; suture
not elevated toward base. Pygidium equilatero-triangular, the apex narrowly
rounded ; disk convex, sparsely punctulate toward base ; pubescence denser at
the apex. Legs long, the femora strongly but gradually clavate ; basal joint
of the hind tarsi ?¢ longer than the second. Length 2.25 mm.; width 0.75 mm.

South Carolina.

The abdomen is minutely and rather densely punctulate as us-
ual. In the single individual before me the sixth segment is about
‘as long as the first and the type is therefore a male; the anterior
tarsi appear to be strongly dilated toward base.

This species differs greatly from grossus in general habitus, the
elytra being much longer, more pointed, rather less convex and
with much less evident humeri; it also differs in its slightly
smaller and less transverse head and in numerous other details of
structure.

3. Eu. vestalis Csy.—Cont. Descr. Syst. Col. N. A., II, p. 85.

The female of this species, which has been described in detail
at the above reference, differs very much from the male in facies,
and in the outline of the head and prothorax. In the female the
head behind the antennz is about 4 wider than long, with the sides
subparallel and very feebly arcuate, while in the male it is only
slightly wider than long, with the sides convergent and circularly
arcuate to the neck. In the female the prothorax is broad, glo-
bularly convex, not longer than wide and much wider than the
head; in the male much narrower and nearly cylindrical, only a
little wider than the head, distinctly longer than wide, $ as wide as

528 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

the elytra and only slightly wider at apical 2 than at base. The
elytra are nearly similar in the sexes, and the femora are strongly
but gradually clavate ; the anterior tarsi become strongly dilated
toward base in the male. Length 2.2 mm.; width 0.75—-0.8 mm.
Arizona. This species was taken in great abundance by Mr.
Morrison, probably near the southern boundary of the Territory.

4. Eu. foveatus n. sp.—Stout and convex, the body nearly as in grossus,
polished, subimpunctate, dark red-brown, the legs and antennz concolorous ;
elytra very slightly brighter rufous ; pubescence abundant, longer, more con-
spicuous, erect and feebly recurved on the elytra. Head subquadrate, behind
the antennez only very slightly wider than long, the eyes moderate in size,
feebly convex, the tempora long, twice as long as the eyes and parallel and
very feebly arcuate for a long distance behind them, then broadly rounded to
the neck; upper surface smooth in the middle, very minutely and sparsely
punctulate laterally, with the pubescence directed transversely before and pos-
teriorly behind. Antennx rather slender, the basal joint cylindric, 94 longer
than the second and but slightly thicker, only slightly enlarged toward tip,
about twice as long as wide and deeply grooved above ; second *4 longer than
wide, as long as the third and but slightly wider; three to seven nearly equal
in width; third %4, fourth %, fifth 94, sixth 14, longer than wide, the fifth
and sixth more obconic and very slightly thicker; seventh as long as wide; re-
mainder missing in the type. Prothorawx fully as long as wide or rather longer, |
not more than *¢ wider than the head, widest and broadly rounded laterally
near apical third, the sides convergent and nearly straight to the base from be-
fore the middle; disk very remotely and feebly punctulate toward base, with
two large and deep fovez at each side, the inner transversely oval and deepest
under its posterior margin, the outer circular. Elytra 24 longer than wide,
not much more than twice as long as the prothorax and nearly % wider, oval,
rather obtusely rounded behind, widest and more prominently rounded at the
sides well before the middle ; humeri distinct, tumid above, the basal im-
pression rather large and distinct ; subsutural impressions very long but feeble,
the suture not modified ; disk not distinctly punctulate. Pygidiwm very con-
vex, equilatero-triangular, the apex rather broadly obtuse ; disk not punctate
toward base, with shorter, coarser pubescence along the lateral margin near the
apex. Legs long, the femora gradually clavate ; hind tarsi with the basal joint
nearly +g longer than the second ; two to four exactly equal in length, the
fourth as long as the two preceding. Length 2.2 mm.; width 0.78 mm.

Tennessee.

The sixth ventral in the unique type is as long as the first, and
the sex of the individual described is therefore probably male, but
the anterior tarsi are only slightly stouter toward base and not
dilated.

As usual throughout, the scutellum is small, narrow, elongate,
tumid and rather deep-set, differing greatly from the evenly flat
form seen in other tribes.

- —

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 529

5. Eu. quadriceps n. sp.—Moderately elongate, rather ventricose, pol-
ished, subimpunctate, rather pale rufo-testaceous throughout, the legs and
antennz concolorous; pubescence rather abundant, moderate in length, erect
and somewhat strongly recurved on the elytra. Head quite small, quadrate,
behind the antennz only just visibly wider than long, the eyes well devel-
oped and somewhat convex, the tempora twice as long, broadly rounded, be-
coming subparallel for some distance near the eyes; upper surface minutely,
remotely punctate, the sparse pubescence directed transversely and inwardly
nearly throughout. Antenne 4g as long as the body, the club moderate in
thickness; basal joint more than 1 longer than wide, swollen toward the
deeply excavated tip as usual, grooved above, not quite as long as the next
two; second and third subequal in length, the former very slightly the thicker
and 1 longer than wide; third 14, fourth 14, fifth 1, sixth 1g, longer than wide,
the Jatter obconic; six to eight very oblique at apex; seventh and eighth a little
thicker, distinctly wider than long; ninth obtrapezoidal, nearly as long as
wide, as long as the two preceding and % thicker; tenth subcylindric, trun-
cate, as long as the ninth and a little thicker, 14 wider than long; eleventh
still thicker, almost as long as the two preceding, gradually pointed. Pro-
thorax slightly longer than wide, widest and somewhat subangular laterally
behind apical third, the sides thence feebly oblique and straight to the base,
2¢ wider than the head, the disk feebly punctulate laterally near the base;
foveze small and inconspicuous. lytra rather short and broad, 7 longer than
wide, barely twice as long as the prothorax and fully +5 wider, broadly para-
bolic at tip, widest before the middle but with the sides very evenly arcuate;
humeri large and conspicuous, tumid above, the basal impression larger and
stronger than usual, giving rise to a distinct humeral plica; subsutural impres-
sions long and feeble, the suture slightly elevated; disk not visibly punctu-
late. Pygidium equilatero-triangular, sparsely pubescent, not punctulate, the
upper margin thin and laminate, with a small median emargination. Legs
long, the femora strongly and quite abruptly clavate, the basal joint of the
hind tarsi not 4g longer than the second. Length 2.1 mm.; width 0.75 mm.

Arizona (Tucson).

The single specimen, which I took a few years since, indicates a
species somewhat allied to vestalis, but differing in its smaller and
more quadrate head, shorter, broader and more depressed elytra,
and, especially, in its abruptly and not gradually clavate femora.
The type has the sixth ventral a little shorter than the first as in
the male of vestalis, but the anterior tarsi are not dilated appre-
ciably ; in the female of the latter the sixth segment is not much
more than half as long as the first, and is more emarginated by

the tip of the pygidium.

6. Eu. motschulskii Lec.—New Sp. Col. 1, Sm. Mise. Coll. 167, p.
26 (Microstemma).

Stout, suboval, very convex, polished, subimpunctate, the ely-

530 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

tra sparsely but obviously punctulate, dark red-brown, the legs
paler. Head behind the antenne only slightly wider than long,
the eyes rather large and somewhat convex; tempora long, very
feebly arcuate and distinctly convergent behind the eyes to the
truncate base. Antenne nearly 2 as long as the body, rather
stout, the club stout and incrassate; basal joint cylindric, very
nearly as long as the next two and decidedly stouter; second dis-
tinctly longer than the third; fifth almost twice as long as wide
and about as long as the next two; sixth only very slightly
longer than wide, the next two a little shorter than wide, oblique
at apex; ninth as long as the two preceding and twice as wide, a
little wider than long; tenth still wider and decidedly transverse,
the eleventh gradually pointed, as long asthe two preceding and
still thicker. Prothorax large and globularly convex, fully as
long as wide, 2 wider than the head, widest and rounded ante-
riorly, the sides oblique and straight toward base; disk wholly
impunctate, with two distinct subbasal foveze at each side, the
inner somewhat the larger. Elytra short and broad, very convex,
scarcely more than 4 longer than wide, not quite twice as long as
the prothorax and about 2 wider, widest very near the middle,
the humeri large and tumid; basal impression short but distinct.
Pygidium equilatero-triangular, very convex, rather asperately
punctulate toward base. Legs moderate in length, the femora
strongly and quite abruptly clavate. Length 1.6-1.7 mm.; width
0.7 mm.

Louisiana, Illinois and South Carolina. Much smaller than the
preceding species and readily known by its short, stout and very
convex form and punctulate elytra. The description is taken
from the female, but it is probable that the male does not differ to
any considerable degree.

7. Eu. floridanus n. sp.—Moderately stout and somewhat ventricose,
polished, subimpunctate, the elytra sparsely and quite distinctly, though
feebly, punctulate; body dark red-brown in color, the elytra more rufescent;
legs and antennal club pale brown; pubescence abundant, inconspicuous an-
teriorly, long, erect aud moderately recurved on the elytra. Head behind the
antennz about 1g wider than long, the eyes moderately large, scarcely at all
prominent, the tempora distinctly convergent, broadly and evenly arcuate to
the truncate base; upper surface impunctate, the sparse pubescence transverse.
Antenne slender, 35 as long as the body, the club very slender at base but
rapidly incrassate; basal joint subcylindric, almost twice as long as wide, 14

Coleopterological Notices, VIL. 531

longer than the second and thicker, grooved above as usual; second feebly ob-
conic, *4 longer than wide, a little thicker than the third and much longer,
almost as long as the fifth; third 1s, fourth 7%, fifth 1, sixth 14, longer than
wide, equal in thickness; seventh and eighth a little wider, very oblique at
apex, the former slightly, the latter distinctly, shorter than wide; ninth nearly
as long as the two preceding but scarcely 14 thicker, obtrapezoidal, distinctly
longer than wide, and, with the next, less minutely and densely pubescent than
usual; tenth 7 wider, not quite as long as wide; eleventh still much stouter,
not as elongate as usual and pointed less gradually, much shorter than the two
preceding. Prothorax very convex, slightly elongate, 14 wider than the head,
parallel, very broadly arcuate at the sides, these becoming scarcely straight
toward base, widest before the middle; disk very minutely, sparsely punctu-
late near the basal margin toward the sides, elsewhere impunctate, the two
foveze at each side rather large, deep, circular and subequal. lytra very con-
vex, % longer than wide, fully twice as long as the prothorax and 44 wider,
almost evenly rounded at the sides, widest near the middle, narrowly rounded
behind; humeri only feebly developed, the basal impression very short but
distinct; subsutural impressions wholly obsolete. Pygidiwm equilatero-triangu-
lar, strongly convex, reticulate and sparsely punctulate toward base. Legs
rather long, the femora strongly and abruptly clavate; four basal joints of
the hind tarsi decreasing gradually in length. Length 1.65 mm.; width 0.62 mm.

Florida (Crescent City and Enterprise). Mr. Schwarz.

This species, which is described above from the female, is closely
allied to motschulski, but differs in its much less obese form, rela-
tively more inflated hind body, and especially in its much nar-
rower and more rapidly incrassate antennal club. A male before
me labeled “‘ South Carolina” does not seem to differ specifically ;
it has the anterior tarsi strongly dilated toward base.

8. Eu. lomgicollis n. sp.—Moderately stout, rather strongly ventricose,
polished, impunctate, uniformly dark rufo-testaceous, the legs and antennz
concolorous ; pubescence rather sparse, short and inconspicuous anteriorly,
long, erect and bristling on the elytra. Head behind the antennz as long as
wide, parabolic in outline from the anterior margin of the eyes around the
base, the eyes moderate in size, not at all prominent ; upper surface more con-
vex behind, finely and rather closely punctulate anteriorly, the pubescence
short and decumbent, becoming longer and erect posteriorly, where there is a
wide smooth and glabrous median line. Antennx about 14 as long as the body,
moderately stout, the club narrow and only very feebly incrassate distally ;
basal joint subcylindric, more than twice as long as wide, longer than the next
two and stouter, feebly enlarged toward apex, not grooved above, but with
the usual deep superior cavity for the reflexion of the second joint ; two to
four almost exactly equal, % longer than wide ; fifth a little longer but not
more than 14 longer than wide, somewhat thicker ; sixth as long as wide; six
to eight very oblique at apex ; two to eight subequal in width ; seventh and
eighth equal, distinctly shorter than wide ; ninth about as long as the two

532 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

preceding but only 14 wider, cylindric, rather longer than wide ; tenth a
little wider and longer, oval, narrowed at base, rather longer than wide ;
eleventh scarcely wider than the tenth, long, slender, obliquely and very gradu-
ally pointed, as long as the two preceding. Prothoraz a little longer than wide,
less than 14 wider than the head, widest and broadly rounded at basal 7¢, the
sides thence gradually convergent and broadly arcuate to the apex and base ;
‘apex scarcely 34 as wide as the base; disk evenly and strongly convex,
minutely, feebly rugulose near the basal margin but not punctate, feebly
tumid in the middle near the base, and having at each side a large but feeble and
somewhat indefinite fovea. Elytra scarcely more than 1g longer than wide,
fully twice as long and twice as wide as the prothorax, very obtusely para-
bolic at apex, widest a little behind the middle, the sides broadly rounded,
obliquely converging to the feebly marked humeri ; basal impression obsolete,
the suture not elevated. Pygidiwm equilatero-triangular, convex, impunctate
but minutely reticulate toward base, sparsely pubescent. Legs long, the
femora strongly and abruptly clavate ; tarsi with the basal joint slightly elon-
gate and with a brush of longer hairs beneath, the anterior not dilated.
Length 2.1 mm.; width 0.8 mm.

Virginia (Jones Creek, Lee Co.). Mr. Schwarz.

Very readily distinguishable by the rather long and narrow pro-
thorax, widest behind the middle, somewhat slender and very
feebly incrassate antennal club and other structural features. The
type described is a female, the sixth ventral segment being short ;
the anterior tarsi are slender and only just visibly thicker toward
base.

9. Eu. ochreatus n. sp.—Stout and rather strongly ventricose, polished,
impunctate, pale flavo-testaceous throughout, the legs and antennze concolor-
ous; pubescence sparse, long, erect and bristling on the elytra. Head behind
the antennee fully 14 wider than long, the eyes well developed but not promi-
nent; tempora long, distinctly convergent and broadly arcuate to the truncate
base; upper surface strongly convex posteriorly, finely and indefinitely punc-
tulate, the pubescence stiff; frontal prolongation scabrous toward tip. Antenne
more than 14 as long as the body, the club rather abruptly thicker but only
slightly incrassate; basal joint more than twice as long as wide, much longer
and thicker than the next two; second to fourth subequal, about 1g longer
than wide; fifth nearly 14 longer than wide ; six to eight shorter, oblique, with
their inner apical margins emarginate; sixth as long as wide; seventh slightly,
the eighth distinctly, shorter than wide;ninth not quite as long as the two
preceding and less than 14 thicker, rather longer than wide; tenth a little
thicker and somewhat elongate; eleventh long, gradually and obliquely pointed,
not distinctly thicker, about as long as the two preceding. Prothorax barely as
long as wide, scarcely 15 wider than the head, the sides parallel and broadly,
evenly arcuate, widest at about the middle; apex but slightly narrower than
the base, truncate; disk finely scabrous near the basal margin, bifoveateat each
side of the middle, the inner fovea large but very feeble and indefinite, the

ae

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 533

outer very Small and feeble. Elytra about 14 longer than wide, more than
twice as long as the prothorax and about twice as wide, ovoidal, very convex,
widest at or slightly behind the middle, the sides strongly convergent and
nearly straight to the base, broadly rounded behind ; humeri almost obsolete,
the basal impression indistinct; subsutural impressions slightly visible toward
base. Pygidiwm equilatero-triangular, finely reticulato-scabrous toward base.
Legs long, the femora very strongly and abruptly clavate. Length 2.0 mm.;
width 0.8 mm.

Central Illinois. Mr. Webster.

The description is taken from a specimen having the sixth
ventral much shorter than the first; another, which has this seg-
ment distinctly longer than the first, has the head visibly less
transverse and more strongly narrowed behind; I regard the lat-
ter as the male, and, in this example, the anterior tarsi are feebly
dilated toward base.

This species differs from longicollis in its much shorter pro-
thorax, widest near the middle and less narrowed anteriorly, in
its slightly stouter antenne and still more inflated hind body ; it
is however very closely allied both to that and to the following
species.

10. Hu. Sagimatus n. sp.—Stout and rather strongly ventricose, pol-
ished, impunctate, the body, legs and antennz very pale flavo-testaceous
throughout ; pubescence short, stiff and distinct on the head, sparse and longer,
but very inconspicuous on the pronotum, long, sparse, erect and bristling on
the elytra. Head moderate in size, distinctly wider than long behind the
antenne, circularly rounded and convergent at the sides from the eyes to the
neck ; eyes moderate in size, not at all prominent; upper surface convex,
minutely and feebly but closely punctulate, the frontal projection densely and
distinctly punctato-scabrous. Antenne fully 35 as long as the body, the club
narrow, long and feebly inerassate ; basal joint much stouter than the follow-
ing, enlarged and deeply excavated at apex, barely twice as long as wide and
scarcely longer than the next two; second to fourth subequal, only slightly
longer than wide ; fifth feebly obconic, not more than 1g longer than wide, a
little thicker than the preceding but as wide as six to eight, which are short,
oblique and deeply excavated within at apex as usual ; ninth as long as the
two preceding and 14 wider, not longer than wide ; tenth a little thicker, sub-
oval with truncate base, rather longer than wide ; eleventh long, gradually
and obliquely pointed, rather thicker, barely as long as the two preceding.
Prothorax barely as long as wide, nearly 1 wider than the head, widest and
more strongly rounded well behind the middle, the sides thence rather
strongly convergent and nearly straight to the base, convergent and feebly
arcuate to the apex, which is broadly arcuate and quite distinctly narrower
than the base; disk convex, impunctate, finely scabriculate along the base,
feebly swollen at the middle near the basal margin, and with one small sub-

534 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

basal fovea at each side of the middle. lytra short, about 14 longer han
wide, twice as long as the prothorax and about 44 wider, oval, widest at the
middle, the sides thence strongly oblique and nearly straight to the base,
broadly rounded behind ; humeri and basal impression nearly obsolete ; sub-
sutural impressions slightly evident toward base. Pygidium triangular, rather
wider than long, feebly rugulose toward base. Legs rather short and- stout,
the femora very strongly and abruptly clavate ; basal joint of the hind tarsi
1g longer than the second. Length 1.8 mm.; width 0.75 mm.

Towa (Iowa City). Mr. Wickham.

The shorter and stouter form of the body, with the prothorax
inflated and widest behind the middle, and smaller head, will dis-
tinguish this species from ochreatus. The single specimen before
me has the sixth ventral rather longer than the preceding three
combined when measured along the median line, and is doubtless
a male.

11. Eu. cruralis n. sp.—Stout, the hind body strongly inflated, polished
and impunctate, pale rufo-ferruginous throughout, the legs and antennz con-
colorous; pubescence sparse, short and coarser on the head, long, erect and
bristling on the elytra. Head behind the antenne scarcely visibly wider than
long, the eyes well developed but not prominent, the sides strongly conver-
gent, broadly and evenly arcuate to the neck, which is 14 as wide as the head;
upper surface convex and broadly tumid behind, minutely, sparsely punctu-
late, except in the middle toward base, more distinctly punctate on the
median prolongation of the front. Antenne rather more than 14 as long as the
body, the club long, slender and feebly incrassate; basal joint long, cylindric,
more than twice as long as wide, a little longer than the next two and much
thicker, excavated above at apex but not grooved; second obconic, a little
longer than the fourth but not thicker, 7g longer than wide; third and fourth
14, fifth scarcely 2g, sixth 15, longer than wide; seventh not quite as long as
wide, the upper twice as long as the lower side; eighth also very oblique at
tip, much wider than long; ninth distinctly shorter than the two preceding
and only 1g wider, a little longer than wide; tenth still thicker, similar in
form, slightly elongate; eleventh long, not thicker than the tenth, not quite
as long as the two preceding, gradually and obliquely pointed. Prothorax
narrow, scarcely }4 wider than the head, slightly elongate, the sides parallel
and broadly rounded, widest at the middle; apex much narrower than the
base; disk finely rugulose near the basal margin and with two small and
feeble subbasal foveze at each side. lytra 4g longer than wide, twice as long
as the prothorax and fully twice as wide, widest at the middle, strongly and
obliquely narrowed to the base of the prothorax, broadly rounded behind;
humeri and basal impression nearly obsolete; subsutural impressions feebly
visible near the base. Pygidium triangular, much wider than long, sparsely
punctulate and minutely, transversely reticulate toward base. Legs stout, the
femora strongly and abruptly clavate, the posterior with an obtusely triangu-
lar tooth on the outer edge near the trochanter; basal joint of the hind tarsi 44

Coleopterological Notices, VII. DoD

longer than the second, the next three equal; anterior tarsi not dilated.
Length 2.0 mm; width 0.8 mm.

Central Iliinois. Mr. Webster.

The unique type has the sixth ventral segment large, nearly as
long as the four preceding and longer than the first; judging by
this and the narrow head, with rapidly converging sides behind ©
the eyes, it is undoubtedly a male, but the femoral tooth is never-
theless probably common to both sexes; the anterior tarsi are
only very feebly enlarged toward base. The species is allied
closely in general appearance to the others of this section, and
especially to longicollis.

ACHOLEROPS 1. gen.

This genus is closely allied to Eumicrus, but differs constantly
in its narrower form of body, obsolete or very indistinct sub-
basal foveze of the pronotum, obsolete basal impression of the
elytra, broader and less deeply constricted neck and complete ab-
sence of scutellum, the latter being minute, but exceedingly per-
sistent in all of the rather numerous species of Eumicrus. It also
differs in having the triangular glabrous plate adjoining the an-
terior coxze obsolete or very minute and of a different character,
the hind tarsi more elongate, with the basal joint as long as the
next two, and the anterior slender, but slightly affected sexually
and then only in the basal joint. The middle coxe are narrowly
separated by a feebly elevated and obtuse carina, the posterior
rather widely separated, the met-episterna narrower than in
Kumicrus, but delimited by the same very coarsely excavated
suture, and the hind trochanters, although undoubtedly elongate,
are less distinctly so than in EHumicrus and are more swollen
within. In other characters, including the general habitus of the
body, antennal structure, form of the front, palpi and pygidium,
the two genera are virtually similar, though the third palpal joint
is rather more fusiform and less conical, and only 2 to $ longer
than the second in Acholerops. :

The known species of our fauna are as yet few in number, and
may be discriminated by the following general characters :—
Hind tarsi very long and slender; elytra without trace of basal erosion; body

IEIEEI, cab dooondcognabpssedanatioadocacnaddocsbogoascobbseoncesepeccuicogs 1 Zimmermanni

Hind tarsi shorter; elytra each with a minute suberoded depression at the
middle of the basal margin; body very small................. Socata 2 retrusa

536 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

The first of these species differs very greatly from the second
in facies and in some structural characters ; other forms will be
discovered, as the species of Acholerops are much smaller and
more obscure, as a rule, than the components of Humicrus.

1. A. Zimmermanni Schaum—Analecta Entomologica, 1841, p. 26
(Scydmzenus); punctatus Csy.: Cont. Descr. Syst. Col. N. A., II, p. 86
(Eumicrus).

Narrowly suboval, very convex, polished, the head subim-
punctate; pronotum finely and somewhat sparsely punctulate,
the elytra more coarsely and rather sparsely punctured ; pubes-
cence short, stiff, sparse, strongly recurved and subdepressed,
coarser toward the flanks of the elytra. Head behind the antennz
distinctly wider than long, the eyes well developed, anterior and
not prominent; sides behind them parallel and nearly straight,
gradually feebly convergent and broadly rounded to the broadly
truncate base, the basal angles rather evident; upper surface only
moderately convex throughout; antennal prominences distinct,
separated by + the total width. Antenne fully $ as long as the
body, the club slender, gradually and feebly incrassate; basal
joint cylindric, narrowed toward base, more than twice as long as
wide, only slightly thicker than the second and 2 longer; two to
eight slender, subequal in thickness, cylindric; second very little
thicker, 3, third ?, fourth 2, fifth 4, sixth $, seventh and eighth
equal and just visibly, longer than wide; six to eight only slightly
oblique at apex ; ninth as long asthe two preceding and 4 thicker,
obconic, + longer than wide; tenth equally long and a little wider,
slightly elongate ; eleventh still slightly thicker, gradually pointed,
much shorter than the two preceding. Prothorax slightly longer
than wide, + wider than the head, widest and rounded laterally at
apical third, the sides thence oblique and straight to the base;
surface strongly convex, more coarsely, closely and rugosely
punctured toward base, the subbasal fovez not distinct. Elytra 4
longer than wide, a little more than twice as long as the pro-
thorax and 4 wider, widest just before the middle, the sides
very evenly and broadly rounded from base to apex; humeri
scarcely visibly tumid above; disk without basal or sutural
modification. Pygidium equilatero-trianeular, rounded at apex,
very convex, sparsely pubescent. Legs long, the femora rather
strongly but gradually clavate; hind tarsi $ as long as the tibiz,
the first joint longer than the fifth. Length 1.45 mm.; width
0.55 mm.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 587

Michigan (Ann Arbor) and Pennsylvania. The description
given above is drawn from the original type of punctatus. <A
large series from Pennsylvania agrees well, and in this series I
can only distinguish the male from the female by the broader and
somewhat larger head and very slightly stouter form; both sexes
seem to have the sixth segment very large and longer than the
preceding four, and there is generally a small apical and more
densely pubescent erosion. The anterior tarsi are rapidly stouter
toward base and densely papillose beneath.

If this species is correctly identified, I cannot understand the
statement twice made in the original description—‘ coleopteris

confertim punctulatis,” and “coleoptera . . . ‘subtiliter
punctata ’—when the elytra are unusually strongly punctured ; it
was described by Schaum from a Carolina specimen sent by Zim-
mermann. Motschulsky states (Htudes Ent., 5, 1856, p. 11) that
the S. zimmermanni of Schaum, lives with ants under the bark of
old trees, where he took it near Atlanta, Georgia.

2. A. retrusa n. sp.—Moderately stout and rather ventricose, polished,
the head impunctate ; pronotum excessively finely, sparsely punctulate and
not more distinctly so toward base, the elytra sparsely and very minutely
punctate ; pubescence rather sparse, nearly even, short and subdecumbent.
Head quite distinctly wider than long behind the antennz, with the sides
perfectly parallel, evenly and broadly arcuate throughout, rounding subtrans-
versely for a short distance to the neck, which is about %4 as wide as the head;
eyes small and not prominent ; surface feebly and evenly convex, the scanty
hairs arranged subtransversely; antennal prominences not distinct, the frontal
lobe short and broadly rounded. Antennx barely 14 as long as the body,
slender, the club rather rapidly incrassate ; basal joint narrowed at base, fully
twice as long as wide, distinctly thicker than the second but only about 14
longer, the second very slightly thicker and much longer than the third, feebly
obconic ; second nearly once, third and fourth equal, %¢, fifth 4, sixth ly,
longer than wide ; six to eight oblique at apex ; seventh and eighth subequal,
scarcely wider, much shorter than wide ; ninth rather small, barely as long as
the two preceding and only 14 wider, obconic, slightly elongate ; tenth much
larger, longer than the ninth and 44 wider, obtrapezoidal with rounded sides,
about as long as wide; eleventh only just visibly thicker, oval, gradually
pointed, much shorter than the two preceding. Prothorax rather longer than
wide, more than 7 wider than the head, widest and evenly rounded laterally
at apical third, the sides thence oblique and straight to the base ; surface
strongly convex, very feebly and transversely impressed near the basal margin,
with two minute and very approximate subbasal foveze near each side. Elytra
subrhomboidal, strongly convex, scarcely more than 1, longer than wide, a
little more than twice as long as the prothorax and 34 wider, widest and
strongly rounded just before the middle; sides strongly convergent and nearly

538 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

straight thence to base and to the apex, which is narrowly subtruncate ;
humeri not evident, the tumid mes-episternum visible in the reéntrant angle,
as is frequently the case throughout the family ; disk even, the base fitted
closely against the arcuate base of the prothorax, with a small erosion at the
middle of the basal margin of each. Pygidium small, feebly convex, equilatero-
triangular with rounded apex, finely punctulate and rugulose, somewhat
oblique, not vertical, and visible from above to some extent. Legs moderate
in length and rather slender, the femora quite feebly and gradually clavate ;
hind tarsi very much shorter than the tibize, with the first joint only moder-
ately elongate but equal to the next two. Length 1.0-1.2 mm.; width 0.4—
0.48 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

The male described above has the anterior tarsi distinctly di-
lated toward base and papillose beneath, and the sixth ventral
segment large, longer than the four preceding, with the apex
rather strongly rounded. The female is somewhat smaller than
the male, with shorter and more slender antenne, and relatively
shorter and still more obviously rhomboidal elytra which conceal
the pygidium, the latter more vertical; the sixth ventral is very
much shorter than in the male, and the anterior tarsi are slender
and completely undilated. The species appears to occur in con-
siderable abundance.

CERAMPHIS n. gen.

The single species representing this genus is one of the most
remarkable types of the family, and differs to an extraordinary
decree from Eumicrus and Acholerops, the metasternum extend-
ing in one large unbroken expanse from side to side, without
trace of the met-episternal suture which is so marked and strongly
developed a feature in those genera; this is all the more remark-
able when we consider the extremely short and inflated hind body.
It also differs profoundly from all other types of the Humicrini
in having the prothorax geometrically conical, with a much larger
extent of prosternum before the coxe, and in the abruptly in-
flated hind body alluded to, but in the elongated posterior
trochanters, short abdomen with arcuate segments, large, vertical
and convex pygidium and structure of the front and palpi, it is
similar, and therefore cannot be separated tribally; in this connec-
tion, it should be stated that in the absence of a met-episternal
suture the genus is quite homologous with the Huropean Cho-
lerus rufus, although having no special resemblance otherwise
with that aberrant ally of Humicrus and Acholerops.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 539

The head is borne on a deeply constricted neck, the constric-
tion transverse and simple, the upper surface strongly tumid in
the middle toward base, the eyes anterior; front truncate, with a
feeble median projection, the antennal cavities large, separated by
a narrow and entire lamina, the clypeus below rather advanced,
broad and conical, approaching the form distinctive of Leptomas-
tax. Labrum short, transverse, feebly arcuate at apex, not im-
pressed, the mandibles moderate, evenly arcuate, acute at apex,
each with a slender median tooth internally, that of the right only
slightly the longer. Antennz approximate, the basal joint
moderate in length, excavated above at apex for the reflexion of
the funicle, the club elongate, 3-jointed and finely pubescent as in
Eumicrus. Maxillary palpi long and slender, clothed sparsely
with coarse erect sete and not minutely pubescent, the third joint
longer than the second, narrowed gradually toward base, the
fourth minute, obtuse, inserted rigidly and axially within its apex,
the last joint of the labial slender, oblique and subulate. Mentum
trapezoidal and concave, with two discal setz as usual. Prothorax
conical, without trace of lateral margin or subbasal fovez or im-
pression. Scutellum distinct, triangular, tumid as in Eumicrus but
broader. Elytra without basal fovee, entire and broadly rounded
at apex, the pygidium large, convex and vertical. Prosternum
very elongate, shining and glabrous before the coxe, with a
densely and longly setose fovea at the anterior margin of each,
deeply and circularly emarginate at apex. Middle coxe very ap-
proximate, the mesosternum between them apparently not carinate.
Hind coxe rather small, transversely oval, mutually separated by
rather more, and each from the sides of the body by rather less, than
their own width. Abdomen very short, the basal segment much
longer than the next four, which are extremely short. Legs well
developed, the hind trochanters much elongated and feebly obconic,
the femora distinctly but gradually clavate, the tarsi short and
stout, gradually thickened toward base throughout, the anterior
not particularly dilated in the male.

1. C. deformata Horn—Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XII, 1885, p. 138
(Seydmeenus).

Very stout, convex and ventricose, polished, impunctate, dark
rufo-testaceous throughout, the elytra rather brighter rufous ; legs
aud antennz paler testaceous ; pubescence sparse, pale, coarse, in-
conspicuous anteriorly but dense and bristling from the sides of

540 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

the occiput, suberect, moderately long and distinct on the elytra.
Head behind the antenne % wider than long, the eyes well devel-
oped, convex and prominent; sides behind them converging and
rounded to the neck; surface strongly tumid and elevated toward
the median line, especially toward base. Antenne ? as long as
the body, rather stout, irregular, the club slender and feebly in-
crassate; basal joint scarcely $ longer than the second and only
slightly thicker, 23 times as long as wide; second subcylindric, +
longer than wide, almost as long as the next two, which are
obconic, slightly longer and shorter than wide respectively ; fifth
dilated, wider than long, angulate at the external apical angle
and deeply excavated at the apex externally; next three joints
subequal, not wider than the fourth, scarcely modified, wider than
long ; ninth very feebly obconic, not quite as long as the two pre-
ceding and scarcely more than 4 wider, fully + longer than wide ;
tenth obconic, as long as the two preceding and fully 4 thicker
than the ninth, nearly 4 longer than wide; eleventh suboval,
thicker than the tenth but less than 4 longer, obliquely pointed
in apical half, gradually oblique externally toward base. Pro-
thorax evenly conic, as long as wide, apex 3 as wide as the base,
the latter equal in width to the head; sides perfectly straight
throughout the entire length; disk transversely and slightly
tumid before the basal margin toward the middle. LHlytra about
as long as wide, + longer than the prothorax and a little more
than twice as wide, widest and more strongly rounded at the mid-
dle; humeri rounded but distinctly exposed at base, not tumid
above; disk with a large shallow impression at the base of each,
evenly convex and not otherwise modified. Pygidium impunctate,
pubescent, equilatero-triangular, obtuse at apex. Legs rather
long, the femora gradually and moderately clavate; basal joint of
the hind tarsi barely as long as the next two, the apex of the
tibize with a fringe of spinules. Length 1.5 mm.; width 0.73 mm,
California (Los Angeles) and Arizona. Apparently not rare;
the description is taken from the male, but the sixth ventral is
not much elongated and is very much shorter than the first; in
the female the antennz are probably simple. The most impor-
tant structural characters of this species were overlooked by Dr.
Horn, and the fourth palpal joint is not subulate as stated by that
author, but the figure (1. c., plate) is quite accurate in outline.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 541

CLIDICINA.

This subfamily is but scantily represented in the United States
by a single genus, containing species which are moderate or small
in size, and contrasting greatly in this respect with the large and
vigorous members of the genus Clidicus inhabiting Java and ad-
jacent warm regions of the world, or even with Mastigus, which is
well represented in southern Europe. The fourth palpal joint
varies in structure even more than in the Scydmenine, from the
fused and indistinct form of Leptomastax, to the large, oval and
nearly free form of Mastigus, these types of structure affording
good criteria for tribal separation. The three tribes represented
before may be distinguished by the following characters :—

Last joint of the maxillary palpi very indistinct, forming an oblique, convex,
feebly and excentrically pointed surface at the apex of the third, with which
it is completely fused, the two forming a stout and evenly suboval mass,
which is very minutely and densely pubescent; prosternum greatly developed
before the coxee; elytra striato-punctate...................2.00005 LEPTOMASTACINI

Last joint small and conical but distinct, rigidly inserted within the tip of
the third, with which it is broadly fused, not oblique or only feebly so; pro-
sternum moderately developed before the cox; elytra striato-punctate.

‘CLIDICINI

Last joint large, oval, wider than, and almost as long as, the third, with

which however it is united by a rather broad and subanchylosed base; pro-

sternum moderately developed before the coxee; elytra confusedly punctured.
MASTIGINI

The first and third of these tribes are purely European and are
introduced merely for comparison ; the Mastigini lead toward some
probably extinct form in the gradual development and isolation
of the fourth palpal joint. The association of Leptomastax and
Ablepton with Mastigus in a single tribal group, as proposed in the
recent catalogue of Heyden, Reitter and Weise, is not philosophic
or in accordance with the radical nature of the palpal differences.

Leptomastax is devoid of all trace of eyes, having the head
large, rounded and depressed, the clypeus forming an extremely
short transverse piece between the front and the large, corneous
and emarginate labrum, and the mandibles extremely long, slender
and evenly arcuate, while Ablepton has the head very small and
the mandibles much less developed, the eyes being present but ex-
tremely rudimentary, consisting of a single small convex facet.
Mastigus has the body very strongly convex, with the head longi-

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scl., [X., June, 1897.—36.

542 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

tudinally impressed, the eyes well developed, the basal joint of the
antennz greatly, and the second also notably, elongate, and the
labial palpi stout and subinflated; it is one of the most isolated
types of the family and should undoubtedly form a distinct tribe.

The genus Hecotus of Sharp (Biologia Centrali-Americana, IT,
pt. 1, 1887, p. 70), is sufficiently abnormal not only to render its
affinity with Clidicus very doubtful, but even to suggest some
question of its being a member of the Scydmenide. Nothing
further will be necessary than to invite attention to the abdomen,
which is said to have five segments, and to the scutellum, which
is shown distinctly in the drawing through unmentioned in the
description. There is generally no distinct trace of a scutellum
between the elytra in the Clidicinz, and no scydmenid is known
to me having less than six perfectly formed ventral segments.

CLIDICINI.

The genus Clidicus and related forms are much less abundant
in subarctic faunal regions than the Leptomastacini, but Papusus
will probably contain a limited number of species distributed
through the arid regions of Mexico. It is not possible to present
a table of genera on account of the paucity of material.

PAPUSUS n. gen.

The body in this genus is elongate-oval in form and rather con-
vex, the head large, borne on a deeply and simply constricted
neck, which is rather broad, the eyes well developed, on the sides
at or just before the middle, feebly convex, not prominent and
consisting of very coarse and convex lenses, the antennz inserted
in small and remotely separated foveze at the summit of the long
and feebly declivous front, just before the middle of the length;
they are strongly geniculate, with the basal joint elongate, not
quite equal to the next three in length, and the remainder are
feebly and gradually incrassate to the tip, with but the feeblest
trace of a 5-jointed club. ‘The clypeus is short, transverse, con-
tinuing the feeble slope of the front and separated therefrom by a
straight transverse suture, the apex transversely and very broadly
truncate, the labrum much narrower, short, transverse, polished,
corneous, emarginate at apex and bearing only some six long setz
in a transverse and arcuate subapical series. Mandibles moder-
ately large, very stout, straight toward base, gradually bent

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 543

toward apex. Maxillary palpi long and rather slender, well de-
veloped, the second joint feebly bent, gradually enlarged and
rather coarsely pubescent, the third distinctly longer, narrowly
and evenly obconic, minutely and densely pubescent, the fourth
rather more than 4 as long as the third, conic, not quite as wide
at base as the tip of the third and similarly pubescent; the labial
palpi are moderate in length, slender, the second joint moderately
elongate and feebly fusiform, the third slender, oblique and subu-
late, the second with a short and erect seta projecting from the
side of the apex, suggestive of the enormously developed spines
of Leptomastax. Mentum transverse, flat, trapezoidal, polished
and glabrous. Gular sutures separated rather widely at the neck,
very rapidly and arcuately diverging anteriorly.

The prothorax is strongly obovate, broadly rounding at base,
without lateral margin or subbasal modification of any kind, the
prosternum before the cox flat, about twice as wide as long,
circularly emarginate at apex and finely, uniformly and moder-
ately densely pubescent, the margins of the acetabula minutely
elevated, the coxee stout and conovoidal. Elytra elongate-ellipti-
eal,punctato-striate, entire, apparently connate,not at all impressed
at base, the scutellum not visible. Mesosternum large, not cari-
nate, widely enclosing the coxz at the sides, the side-pieces flat
and not tumid, the cox very large, globular, extremely approxi-
mate. Metasternum very short, the episterna triangular, dis-
tinctly exposed, becoming very widely so behind and almost, but
not quite, attaining the coxe as in Leptomastax, the hind coxe
very small, widely separated, globular, with a short truncate ex-
tension, the trochanters small and triangular. Abdomen very long
and well developed, broadly convex, almost twice as long as the
remainder of the hind body, with the sutures straight and trans-
verse, the first segment almost as long as the next three, the last
as long as the preceding two and narrowly rounded, entirely en-
closed within the elytra. Legs moderate in length, rather stout,
the femora strongly and rather gradually clavate, tae tibiz straight,
densely pubescent, the anterior tarsi slender, gradually thicker
toward base, the intermediate a little longer but thick, cylindric and
very minutely, densely pubescent, the posterior much longer and
very slender, filiform, 2 as long as the tibix, the four basal joints
decreasing almost evenly, the first 2 longer than the second ;
claws moderate in length, feebly arcuate and very minutely setose
or pectinate within throughout the length.

544 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

The resemblance of this genus to Leptomastax is evident prin-
cipally in the elongate form and peculiar habitus of the body, in
the structure of the legs, hind coxe, metasternum and its para-
pleure, and in the mode of antennal insertion. In Ablepton the an-
tenne are inserted in much larger and more perpendicular frontal
cavities,and the clypeus and labrum, as well as the mandibles, are
altogether different from the corresponding parts in Leptomastax.
Papusus differs from Clidicus not only in the much smaller size of
its species, Clidicus grandis being some 7 mm. in length, but appar-
ently in the more elongate second antennal joint and well devel-
oped eyes.

1. P. macer un. sp.—Elongate, rather convex, shining, impunctate an-
teriorly, the elytra with regular and feebly impressed series of small shallow
punctures toward the suture, which become finer and confused toward the
sides; pubescence fine, very short and decumbent on the head, coarser, subde-
cumbent, equally dense but more conspicuous on the prothorax, coarse, very
strongly inclined and recurved, moderate in length and abundance and longer
toward the sides and tip on the elytra, pale in color. Head triangular, as long
as wide, the sides toward base including the eyes parallel and evenly arcuate;
eyes at their own length from the base, which is broad, the constriction deep
above; neck 14 as wide as head; upper surface finely impressed along the me-
dian line from the antennz to the base; antennal prominences very small, the
cavities minute beneath them. <Antennz 14 as long as the body, rather slender,
gradually and feebly incrassate distally, separated at base by about 44 the
maximum width, strongly geniculate, the basal joint slender, gradually nar-
rowed toward base, as long as the second, third and 44 of the fourth joints and
distinctly thicker, smooth, with decumbent pubescence; second distinctly
longer and just visibly thicker than the third, obconic, fully twice as long as
wide; third 7g, fourth 14, longer than wide; three to six gradually a little
thicker, constricted at base, obconic; fifth %, sixth 14, longer than wide ;
seventh to tenth from as long as wide to a little wider, more triangular, with-
strongly rounded sides; seven to eleven forming a very indistinct club; eleventh
not as long as the two preceding, longer than wide, very obliquely and acutely
pointed at tip. Prothorax fully as long as wide, scarcely perceptibly wider
than the head, widest and strongly rounded laterally at apical fourth, the sides
thence strongly oblique and nearly straight to the base, which is rounded and
scarcely more than %4 as wide as the broadly arcuate apex; disk evenly and
moderately convex throughout, without trace of subbasal modification. Elytra
elongate and subelliptical, widest near basal 2¢, 34 longer than wide, 214 time,
as long as the prothorax and scarcely %4 wider, gradually more pointed apically,
the sides almost evenly arcuate ; humeri obsolete, the sides broadly rounding
and oblique to the base of the prothorax; disk not at all impressed or modi-
fied. Legs moderate in length, rather stout, the posterior longer and slender;
femora gradually clavate, the four anterior rather strongly, the posterior mod-
erately. Length 1.8 mm.; width 0.55 mm. .

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 545

California (Palm Springs, Colorado Desert).

A single specimen of this interesting species was taken by Mr.
H. C. Fall under astone; its sex is notapparent. There is another
species of this genus still undescribed in the cabinet of Mr.
Schwarz; it is larger and stouter than macer.

_ NOTES.—The S. bicolor, referred to by Schaufuss in suppressing the name
bicolor Lec., is evidently the Anthicus bicolor of Fabricius, from South Amer-
ica, and not the S. bicolor of Denny, as I surmised (ante, p. 371). Anthicus
bicolor is said by Erichson to be allied to clavipes Say (Schaum, Mon., p. 18),
but there seems to be too much doubt connected with the subject to warrant a
change of name for the present, and I would therefore advocate the retention
of the name given by LeConte.

The species placed in Euconnus by Dr. Sharp (Biologia Cent.-Amer.) will,
I think, be forced ultimately into several distinct genera. On looking over
the admirable figures on the plate, it seems natural to place giraffa, mutandus
and guatemalenus, for example, in one genus, and cheriquensis and germanus in
another, the latter distinguished by peculiarities of pronotal sculpture and an
unusually elongate antennal club. Calvus, as before remarked, will probably
enter the genus Pycnophus, although the third joint of the maxillary palpus,
as figured, is different from that of P. rasus, the type of the genus; it is pos-
sible, however, that this may be an oversight on the part of the artist. Gra-
cilicornis, incultus and some others appear to form each the type of a distinct
genus.

The genus Napochus of Thomson, is in all probability closely allied to Con-
nophron, but differs apparently in the more prominent tempora and trans-
verse eyes, and also in having a distinct plica at the sides of the thoracic base.

ADDENDA.

There are several described species in this family within our
faunal limits, which I have not been able to place satisfactorily in
the tables previously given; these are added as follows for the
sake of completeness :—

Scydmzenus consobrinus Lec.—Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 154.
—Piceous-black, the head glabrous; prothorax rather long, pilose, rounded
and narrowed anteriorly, transversely impressed at the base; elytra sparsely
pilose, foveate at the base; antennz clavate, with the penultimate joints
rounded. Length .05inch. New York.

Precisely similar to clavipes but differing in the antennze, these being some-
what longer than the head and prothorax, with joints three to six equal,
¢closely connected and not longer than wide; seven a little larger and slightly
conical, eight to ten rounded, not longer than wide; eleven about 14 longer
and subacute.

This species may be placed immediately after Huconnus clavipes
in the table.

546 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

Scydmezenus mississippicus Zimm.—Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 1869, p. 251.—
Ferruginous-brown, very shining and smooth although tolerably thickly
clothed with hair, the head especially thickly covered behind with erect hairs.
Prothorax not longer than wide, narrowed in front, with a slight transverse
impression behind in which four deep fovee are visible. Elytra with one lon-
gitudinal impression in front near the suture and a fovea near the sharply de-
fined humeral carina. Front thighs much thickened, the front tibiz strongly
compressed toward tip, and, on the inner side, furnished with a brush of
hairs. Length nearly % line.

It is evident that this species should be placed among those
members of the genus Euconnus, which I have designated by the
subgeneric name Scopophus, but ! cannot identify it with any of
those described.

Scydmzenus gravidus Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 155.
—Piceous, pubescent, the prothorax narrowed anteriorly, transversely im-
pressed at the base; elytra shorter than usual, ovate, foveate at the base; an-
tenne slender, the three last joints rounded and abruptly larger. Length .04
inch. Louisiana.

Stout, piceous, pubescent, the head rounded, with the antenne a little
longer than the head and prothorax, the joints three to eight equal, not elon-
gate , nine and ten more than twice as thick, globular, eleven a little longer,
obtuse. Prothorax wider than the head, trapezoidal, narrowed anteriorly, the
sides almost straight; base with a strong transverse impression. Elytra some-
what rufous, ovate, twice as wide as the base of the prothorax and forming
with it a very indistinct angle, moderately convex; base strongly foveate.
Thighs slightly clavate, the tarsi testaceous.

May be placed just before Connophron trinifer in the table of
that genus; it differs in the transverse impression of the pro-
thorax.

Scydmzenus obscurellus Lec.—l. c., p. 153.—Piceous, briefly pubescent,
the prothorax rather long, narrowed slightly anteriorly; elytra very slightly
impressed at the base; antennal joints rounded, the legs rufescent. Length
.045 inch. Georgia (Liberty Co. ).

A small species, easily distinguishable by its piceous colorand elongate pro- -
thorax. Head convex, smooth, strongly pilose at the posterior angles. An-
tenne a little longer than the head and prothorax, the joints after the second
globular, the four last about 1; thicker than those which precede. Prothorax
pilose, not wider than the head, 14 longer than wide, very slightly narrowed
in front; apex truncate; sides straight. Elytra 14 wider than the prothorax
and forming an almost indistinct angle with it, obliquely narrowed behind the

middle, slightly pubescent; base scarcely foveate; feet rufous, the thighs
clavate.

This species was taken at the same locality as the unique type
of clavatus, and the two descriptions are very similar. Those

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 547

forms of Connophron having the prothorax almost imperceptibly
wider than the head are extremely rare, and there may be reason
to suppose that obscurellus is extremely closely allied to Con-
nophron clavatum, if, indeed, not identical. The length of the
prothorax is, of course, overstated in the description of LeConte.

Scydmzenus mariz Lec.—l. c., p. 151.—Rufo-piceous, sparsely pubescent,
the vertex bifoveate; prothorax campanulate, obsoletely impressed before the
base, foveate at the sides; elytra oval, sparsely and obsoletely punctulate.
Length .065 inch. Michigan (St. Mary’s River. )

Very similar to subpunctatus, but the prothorax is more rounded on the sides
anteriorly and distinctly narrowed behind, the basal impression hardly visible
and the lateral fovez less deep. Elytra wider and much less distinctly punec-
tured, the base marked as in that species with four punctures, causing the
humeri and suture to appear elevated.

There is reason to believe that this species does not; differ from
Scydmenus subpunctatus.

Scydmzenus minimus Bndl.—Entomologica Americana, V, p. 193. Iowa.

As before stated, this species is possibly not distinct from
Opresus misellus Lec.; its length is said by the author to be .45 to .5
mm., and, if correct, this would prove it to be quite different from
O. luteus, which I have described from the mountains of Pennsyl-
vania. Atany rate, it may be placed next to misellus in the table
of Opresus previously given. In the figure of Dr. Brendel, the
antenne are very strongly clavate.

Scydmzenus ovithorax Bndl.—Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XX, 1893, p. 283.—
Brown, impunctate, thinly pubescent. Head 84 as wide as the prothorax,
nearly quadrate, the front margin tripartite by short impressed lines, declivous
anteriorly, the eyes very flat, small, anterior, on the sides and scarcely distin-
guishable. Antennal club 3-jointed. Prothorax obovate, with rounded sides
and no impressions. Elytra elliptical, the humeri obsolete, each feebly de-
pressed at the middle of the base, the sutural lines feebly indicated at basal
fourth. Anterior coxze contiguous; posterior small, mutually remote; femora
clavate. Last ventral segment very large, as long as the three preceding.
Length 0.8mm. California (Sta. Clara Co. ).

In the figure accompanying this description the fourth palpal
joint is shown to be distinct, aciculate and subulate, and there can
be no reasonable doubt that ovithorax will form the type of a new
genus belonging to the tribe Opresini, but differing greatly from
any other in the widely separated hind coxe.

Cephennium breve Schfs.—Berl. Ent. Zeit., XX XI, p. 319.—Breviuscu-
lum, nitidum, pallidum, supra pallide pilosum; capite levi, ante oculos
maiores nodulifero; thorace lato, angulis rectis, obtusis, supra visis anticis

548 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

rotundatis, lateribus integris, basi bisinuata; elytris ovatis, basi truncata,
medio transversim et longitudinaliter quadri-impressa. Long. 144 mm.; lat.
3% mm. Hab.—Amer. Sept.

It is not possible to give any useful suggestions concerning this
species. The type is in the Berlin museum.

Bumicrus lucanus Horn—Coleop. Baja Cal., 2, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci.,
2, vol. V, p. 235.—‘‘ Reddish brown, sparsely clothed with paler, semi-erect
hair. Antenne slender, longer than half the body, fifth joint as long as the
preceding two and slightly longer than the two following. Head shining,
very minutely sparsely punctate. Thorax longer than wide, apex narrower
than base, sides regularly arcuate, widest one-third from apex, disc convex,
sparsely and minutely punctulate, at base moderately quadrifoveolate. Elytra
not wider at base than the thorax, a slight depression within the humeri,
widest at middle, disc convex, surface indistinctly punctulate. Tarsi slender,
longer than half the tibiz. Length .06 inch ; 1.5 mm.

‘¢ The male has the anterior tarsi slightly dilated. This species is evidently
allied to commilitonis, as described and figured by Dr. Sharp (Biol. Cent.-
Amer., II, pt. 1, p. 67; pl. 2, fig. 22), but is of more elongate form and with
more slender antennz. One specimen, San José del Cabo, with which I associate
two from Arizona in my cabinet.”’

There are but few characters given in this description which are
not distinctive of the entire genus, and it is therefore impossible
to make any useful comparative statements. The two specimens
from Arizona, associated with /ucanus by the author, are probably
not identical, as the species of Eumicrus quite closely resemble
each otherin general appearance and are decidedly local in habitat
in our arid and broken southwestern country. It may be placed
just before motschulskii in the table of Eumicrus previously given.

STAPHYLINIDA.
TRICHOPHYA Mann.
Eumitocerus Csy.

As remarked by Rey, this genus is singularly isolated from its
nearest relatives, and constitutes a bond in several directions be-
tween the Tachyporini and Aleocharini, resembling the former in
mode of antennal insertion, and the latter in its less inclined
head, undefined epipleure and other characters. Although so
similar to Habrocerus in antennal structure, the palpi, epipleu-
re, point of antennal insertion and hind coxe differ profoundly,
and the two genera cannot be associated in the same subtribal
group.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 549

The three species of the United States, which are represented
in the material before me, may be readily separated as follows :—

Labrum broadly sinuato-truncate at apex.

Third joint of the maxillary palpi very much shorter than the fourth ; ab-
domen bristling with long erect sete toward tip ;anterior and intermedi-
ate tarsi strongly dilated toward base in the male ( Eumitocerus ).

tarsalis Csy.

Third joint nearly as long as the fourth ; abdomen with but few erect sets
LEONARDI Ms pene siecuunnasceet cacnapcs destin cement ewdedaalecetes pilicornis Gyll.

Labrum larger, subcireularly rounded, narrowly sinuato-truncate at the mid-
dle of the apex ; third palpal joint quite elongate, though distinctly shorter
than the fourth ; abdomen without erect setz toward tip.

lativentris n. sp-

Of the last two species only females are accessible to me at

present. Tarsalis is rare on the Pacific coast north of San Fran

cisco; it is the smallest of the three. Prlicornis is represented
by two specimens, taken some years ago near New York City by

Mr. H. H. Smith, and may be a recent importation. The third

species is much the largest and broadest, and is described below.

T. lativentris.—Stout, elongate-elliptical in outline, moderately con-
vex, blackish, the elytra feebly rufescent ; legs and antennz blackish-piceous,
the‘first two joints of the former, tarsi and trochanters paler ; pubescence rath-
er long, moderately dense ; surface finely reticulate throughout, shining, rath-
er finely, subasperately and not very densely punctate throughout. Head
triangular, much wider than long, evenly convex, the eyes basal, convex and
finely setose ; antennz inserted far hefore the eyes at the sides within a large
concavity, the foramen adjoining the:sides of the scarcely differentiated cly-
peus ; they extend fully to apical third of the elytra, the first two joints stout,
each with one or two long ‘erect setee ; remaining joints extremely slender,
setose, the outer joints gradually somewhat thickened. Prothorax *5 wider
than long, the apex truncate, 94 as wide as the base, the latter transverse, with
the sinuation before the scutellum very pronounced ; disk broadly convex,
widest slightly behind the middle, the sides evenly rounded ; surface feebly,
obliquely subdeplanate toward the sides posteriorly. Scutellwm rather small,
triangular, asperate, nearly as long as wide. E/ytra shorter than wide, 14
longer than the prothorax, and, at apex, distinctly wider ; sides feebly oblique
and nearly straight ; apex broadly, angularly emarginate ; disk broadly im-
pressed at the suture behind the scutellum. Abdomen, when contracted, only
1g longer than the elytra and fully as wide, ogival in form, the sides evenly
rounding throughout ; apex of the fifth segment scarcely %4 the maximum
width ; segments short and subequal throughout ; border moderate in depth.
Legs slender, the femora slightly thickened ; tarsi slender throughout. Length
2.8 mm. ; width 0.85 mm.

Colorado (Colorado Springs, 6,000—7,000 feet; June). Mr. Wick-
ham.

550 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

Besides the absence of long bristling sete toward the abdomi-
nal apex, this species differs from the other two in lacking the
long, erect lateral seta near the base of each elytron, in having the
abdominal segments equal in length, the fourth and fifth being
more elongate in tarsalis and pilicornis, and in the more evenly
rounded sides of the prothorax.

PSELAPHID A.
FARONINI.
MEGARAFONUS nz. gen.

In this genus the third antennal joint is very small, as in the
European Faronus, the metasternum extremely short, the abdomen
large, with the first three dorsals subequal in length, the fourth
larger and the first not modified on the disk. From Rafonus it
differs in its more abbreviated elytra, still larger first dorsal, in
having the antennal tubercles separated by an anterior extension
of the frontal pit, and the third antennal joint much smaller; it
further differs in having the fourth palpal joint more broadly oval
and compressed. Other generic characters are included in the
description of the single known species below.

M. ventralis n. sp.—Rather broadly subcuneiform and depressed, gradu-
ally wider from the front to near the tip of the abdomen, polished, impunctate
and dark rufo-testaceous throughout, the legs and antennz paler; pubescence
moderate in length, rather coarse and abundant, recumbent. Head somewhat
small, exclusive of mandibles rather wider than long, scarcely #5 as wide as the
prothorax, the eyes moderate in size, slightly convex and somewhat prominent,
at rather more than their own length from the base, the tempora behind them
circularly rounded to the neck, slightly less prominent than the eyes and be-
coming parallel near them ; surface moderately convex, with two strong nude
and isolated foveze at basal fourth, separated by 14 of the entire width; frontal
fovea deep and abrupt, with its floor minutely rugose and flat, prolonged pos-
teriorly and narrowed to a slight terminal enlargement at the centre of the
vertex, and narrowed anteriorly, crossing the frontal margin, the latter wide
between the antenne, the tubercles extremely feeble; clypeus extremely small,
being simply a fine porrect and strongly rounded margin at the foot of the
subvertical front between the antennal cavities; labrum strongly transverse,
broadly arcuate and subcarinate at apex, except at the sides, which are ob-
liquely and briefly produced and bristling with coarse sparse setee, the base
much narrower than the apex; mandibles very strongly thickened and exter-
nally angulate at base, the apical portion subtransverse and finely acuminate,
the internal edge very minutely subserrulate; under surface evenly convex,
without trace of axial suture, the neck deeply impressed, transversely and

Coleopterological Notices, VII. bol

feebly biimpressed at the middle; surface deeply, transversely impressed be-
hind the buccal opening; mentum rather large, flat, quadrate, the apex arcu-
ate; ligula small, the labial palpi small, with the first joint subcylindric and
longer than wide, the second smaller, oboval, slightly narrowed at base, with
an axial apical setigerous puncture, the seta long and arcuate; the third joint
projects as a minute slender cylinder forward from the apex of the third at
nearly right angles; maxillary cardo large, triangular, somewhat exserted, the
lobe small, setose; maxillary palpi large and well developed, the first joint
small, second obconic, twice as long as wide, third fully as long as wide,
slightly wider than the second, somewhat narrowed at base, fourth large,
oval, as long as the preceding three, fully twice as wide as the third, narrow
at base, compressed and more pubescent toward tip. Antenne nearly % as
long as the body, the basal joint thicker, cylindric, 14 longer than wide ; sec-
ond narrower, oval, longer than wide; third minute, globular; four to eight
equal, nearly as thick as the second, subglobular, moniliform; ninth and tenth
transverse; nine to eleven wider, forming a distinct club; eleventh but little
longer than wide, much shorter than the two preceding. Prothorax slightly
wider than long, widest and strongly rounded near the middle, the sides
strongly and subequally convergent to apex and hase, feebly sinuate toward
base ; apex scarcely 34 as wide as the base ; disk moderately convex, with a
large, deep and transverse foveiform impression at basal third which is
narrowly produced anteriorly for some distance, and a smaller pit at each side
near basal fourth, continued posteriorly to the base; there is also a smaller
isolated nude fovea near the basal margin at lateral fourth. lytra short and
transverse, only very slightly longer than the prothorax and about 1g wider,
the sides divergent and feebly arcuate from the just visibly exposed and ob-
tuse humeri ; disk completely devoid of humeral plica or basal impression,
flat, with two longitudinal impressions on each from behind the base to or
behind the middle, the outer near the flank and short, the other near the mid-
dle and becoming deep basally ; sutural stria deep, with an external fovea at
base. Abdomen much more than twice as long as the elytra, and, toward tip
very much wider, the sides nearly straight and continuing the divergence of
the elytral flanks, the border very wide, strongly inclined; apex abruptly nar-
rowed. Legs moderate in length, the femora feebly fusiform; third joint of
the hind tarsi twice as long as the two basal joints combined; claws well de-
veloped; middle coxz separated by a narrow lamina. Length 2.65 mm.;
width 0.8 mm.

Oregon (Portland). Hubbard and Schwarz.

The type is a male, the sixth ventral segment being sinuate at
tip, the surface feebly impressed toward the middle, the impres-
sion smooth, polished and limited laterally by small erect and
sublaminiform tubercles near the apex; the seventh is in the form
of an elongate-oval, strongly convex pygidium with its posterior
extremity minutely foveate. I cannot perceive that the male
modifications in this species are at all asymmetric. This is by

552 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

far the largest member of the tribe known thus far from North
America. :
HUPLECTINI.

A renewed study of the species aggregated under the name Ra-
mecia, shows that they are not in any way closely related to Ku-
plectus, but are allies of Trichonyx, and, at the same time, the
close general resemblance to Huplectus in bodily form, in conjunc-
tion with the well developed second tarsal claw, goes far to dem-
onstrate the impropriety of proposing two distinct tribal groups
for the genera clustering about Trichonyx and Euplectus ; at any
rate, if we admit two tribes, we must also recognize several others.
The species of Ramecia exhibit considerable diversity in general
habitus, crinita being quite depressed, with two strong, short
basal carinee on the first three tergites ; the remainder are more
convex in form, much smoother in sculpture and with less de-
veloped abdominal carinz, though in decora the latter are also
visible on the first three tergites, becoming very minute however
on the third. At present, therefore, I can see no reasonable
ground for generic disintegration of Ramecia,

PYCNOPLECTUWS np. gen.

The species forming the first division of Euplectus, as pre-
viously defined by the writer (Col. Not., V, p. 454), are not in re-
ality congeneric with Euplectus as represented by the last two sub-
divisions, and should receive a separate name as suggested above.
The species are stouter, less parallel and much more convex in
the body, with more remotely separated and pubescent cephalic
fovez, connected by a more deeply excavated ambient sulcus,
rather more elongate antenne and much more widely exposed
met-episterna. They agree with Euplectus in the structure and
carination of the abdomen, and in the complete absence of erect
capitate sete on the lower surface of the head.

P. temellus n. sp.—Linear and nearly parallel, though quite convex,
shining, pale rufo-ferruginous throughout, the pubescence rather short, coarse,
subdecumbent and moderately dense, with the usual bristling sete at the sides
of the abdomen toward tip. Head but slightly wider than long, as wide as
the prothorax, the eyes rather prominent and well developed, at somewhat
less than their own length from the base, the tempora strongly convergent and
rounded behind them ; surface impunctate in the middle but rugosely sub-
punctate along the elevated supra-orbital surface from base to apex ; fovee
near basal third, separated by 1s the total width, the connecting ambient sulcus

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 5538

very large and deep throughout ; occiput impressed at the middle ; antennze
nearly as long as the head and prothorax, the club gradual in formation ;
ninth and tenth joints moderately transverse, the fifth slightly larger than the
other joints of the funicle. Prothorax smooth and subimpunctate, strongly
convex, fully 75 wider than long, widest near apical third, where the sides are
more strongly rounded, thence moderately convergent, broadly arcuate and
but slightly uneven to the base ; neck about 144 the maximum width; discal
fovea rather small, elongate-oval in form, the lateral large and deep, the con-
necting sulcus strongly biarcuate, coarse and deep toward the middle. Elytra
nearly quadrate, *5 longer and 1g wider than the prothorax, the sides parallel
and broadly arcuate ; surface moderately convex, subimpunctate, the discal
Sstria short, not extending to the middie. Abdomen narrower than the elytra,
the sides straight and parallel ; dorsals equal in length, the carine of the first
two straight, fine, strongly divergent and separated by about 4 the total
width. Legs moderately short and thick, the third joint of the hind tarsi
about as long as the two basal joints combined, with the claw fully 1s as long
as the entire tarsus. Length 1.1 mm. ; width 0.35 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

In the male type the fourth ventral seems to be unmodified, the
fittu with a small, deep and circularly rounded anterior emargina-
tion, but otherwise scarcely modified, the sixth with a broad,
sublunate and feeble impression, slightly tumid anteriorly near
its extremities ; the seventh is rhomboidal, very convex, minutely
and sparsely punctate and with a fine, strongly elevated and some-
what asymmetric median carina, The female differs but little, ex-
cept that the head is distinctly narrower than the prothorax.

This species, which is one of the smallest of the genus, differs
from hudsonicus in its larger eyes, more convergent tempora,
smooth pronotum with short and non-sulciform discal pit, nar-
rower bodily form, and in many other characters.

P. imperfectus n. sp.—Rather large and somewhat stout, convex, elon-
gate, dark rufo-testaceous throughout, impunctate and polished, the pubescence
moderately long and coarse and rather sparse. Head scarcely as wide as the
prothorax, the eyes only moderately large and not very prominent, shorter
than the tempora, which are distinctly convergent and broadly arcuate behind
them ; occiput convex, very obsoletely impressed at the middle ; fovez deep,
separated by nearly 14 the total width or twice the distance from either eye,
the sulcus large, very deep and parabolic ; supra-orbital edges rather distinct,
somewhat rugose ; antennze not quite as long as the head and prothorax, the
second joint much shorter and narrower than the first, three to eight small and
moniliform, eight and nine wider, eleventh still wider and as lony as the pre-
ceding three combined. Prothoraw 74 wider than long, widest and promi-
nently rounded at apical third, the sides thence convergent and broadly arcuate
to the base, minutely emarginate at the fovez ; disk convex, the discal fovea

554 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

very small, lateral large, the connecting sulcus very fine but with a large deep
and posteriorly sinuous median portion. Elytra quadrate, 3 longer than the
prothorax and nearly 4 wider, parallel and broadly arcuate at the sides ; sur-
face convex, the discal stria extending not quite to the middle. Abdomen
longer and only very slightly narrower than the elytra, the sides parallel and
feebly arcuate ; dorsals equal in length. the first two impressed at the middle of
the base but not carinate. Length 1.5 mm. ; width 0.45 mm.

District of Columbia.

The single female, representing this species, was formerly re-
garded by me as the female of congener; it cannot have that
status, however, as the abdominal carine are well developed in
congener and the pubescence much denser; it may be placed near
congener for the present.

The measurement of congener, previously given, is a little too
great, the male type being about 1.35 < 0.4 mm. in size.

EUPLECTWS Leach.

The following species may be placed near confluens for the
present, differing in the structure of the pronotum.

E. disjunctus n. sp.—Linear, parallel and depressed, polished and
bright rufo-testaceous throughout, the pubescence subdecumbent, coarse, mod-
erate in length and rather abundant. Head large, much wider than the pro-
thorax and wider than long, the eyes rather well developed and convex, at
their own length from the base, the tempora circularly rounded behind them
to the neck, which is distinctly less than 144 the maximum width ; surface im-
punctate along the middle, sparsely punctured toward the sides, with two
small and nude fovez just behind the middle, separated by the eye-distance
of either, and connected by a groove in the form of a horse-shoe ; antennz not
as long as the head and prothorax, the three outer joints gradually wider, the
last rather longer than the three preceding. Prothorawx relatively rather small,
feebly convex, subimpunctate, only 144 wider than long, widest and rather
narrowly rounded at apical third, the sides thence gradually convergent to the
base and feebly bisinuate ; apex more than 14 the maximum width, and fully
34 aS wide as the base ; discal pit narrow and elongate, tending to coalesce
with the median subbasal pit, which is moderate in size, but rounded and not
joined to the well developed lateral fovez by a visible transverse sulcus.
Elyira as long as wide, not quite as long as the head and prothorax, distinctly
wider than the head, the sides subparallel and broadly arcuate ; discal stria
very short, attenuate, extending to about basal third. Abdomen parallel and
straight at the sides, slightly longer and narrower than the elytra, the first
three dorsals equal, the fourth much longer ; first two each with two short
feeble and divergent basal carinze, separated by less than 1g the total width ;
border well developed, flat and inclined. Legs short and stout ; third joint of
the hind tarsi about as long as the second, the claw well developed. Length
1.38 mm.; width 0.4 mm.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 555

Virginia (Lee Co.). Mr. Schwarz.

Represented by a single female example, hitherto confounded
with confluens, which it resembles somewhat in form and size ;
in confluens the subbasal median pit of the pronotum is extended
laterally in a feeble arcuate groove to the lateral fovee, and, in the
present form, the head is larger and more sparsely punctate, and
the discal stria of the elytra shorter. The last ventral segment
is broadly and arcuately lobed at apex, the surface ascending
apically and convex.

BIBLOPLECTUS Reit.

In this genus the body is narrow, linear and subdepressed as in
Kuplectus, and the mesosternal side-pieces are divided in the
same way into two nearly equal triangular sclerites by fine
sutures; but in Euplectus the met-episterna are slightly wider
anteriorly, while in the present genus they are very narrow,
parallel, linear and entirely covered by the elytra, the anterior
pubescent foveze of the metasternum being much smaller and
more punctiform. It differs from Euplectus in its more narrowed
front, in its 5-jointed antennal club, this beginning really with
the seventh joint, and in the type of male sexual form of the
seventh ventral segment. Asin Euplectus, the middle tibiz of the
male have a distinct internal uncus at apex, but, unlike that genus,
the hind tibiz in the same sex are broadly grooved externally
toward tip; the tarsi are much shorter and thicker in the female
than in the male. The under surface of the head is completely
devoid of erect capitate sete, but there are four remarkable spini-
form appendages arranged in a transverse line anteriorly, one at
each apical angle of the mental support, and one at each outer
posterior angle of the buccal opening. The first four dorsal seg-
ments are exactly equal in length, the fourth not longer as it is in
Euplectus.

The species are all minute, and the one described below is
closely allied to znteger.

B. sobrinus n. sp.—Slender and moderately convex, shining, piceous-
black throughout, the head slightly paler ; legs and antennze testaceous ; pu-
bescence fine, short, decumbent, and not very abundant. Head very nearly
as wide as the prothorax, but slightly wider than long, the eyes moderate in
size, convex, at about their own length from the base, the tempora behind
them parallel, rounded and as prominent as the eyes ; occiput broadly sinuate,

556 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

minutely impressed at the middle ; surface subimpunctate toward base, sub-
scabrous toward the frontal margin ; foveze small, pubescent, situated slightly
behind the middle and separated by 14 the total width ; from each extends
anteriorly a fine, deep and arcuate groove, the two gradually becoming parallel
and uniting by a strongly arcuate moderate impression between the antennal
tubercles, which are small but pronounced ; antennz shorter than the head and
prothorax, slender, the first two joints larger and equal, three to six equal,
minute and feebly transverse, seventh and eighth wider, equal, ninth and tenth
successively still wider and more transverse, the eleventh wider, conoidal, as
long as the four preceding combined. Prothorax about 14 wider than long,
the sides parallel and straight from apical fourth to basal fifth, there strongly
convergent and sinuate to the base, rounded and rapidly convergent at apex ;
disk broadly, feebly convex, finely, unevenly and not very densely punctate,
without trace of discal pit, the lateral fovez large, united with the trans-
versely triangular median subbasal depression by fine grooves ; from near the
centre of the disk a fine carina extends to the basal margin, crossing the me-
dian depression. lytra subquadrate, feebly convex, slightly punctulate, 14
longer and 2% wider than the prothorax, the sides parallel and broadly arcuate ;
three basal foveze of each strongly developed, the outer continued posteriorly
for a very short distance by a feeble and gradually evanescent sulcus. Abdo-
men very nearly as long and wide as the elytra, parallel and nearly straight at
the sides, moderately convex transversely, the first two dorsals each with a
very feeble basal impression in median third of the entire width, but not
carinate. Length 0.8 mm.; width 0.28-0.3 mm.

Rhode Island (Boston Neck).

The male of this species differs from that of integer in its
slightly larger head, with less abbreviated antenne and more
widely separated fovez, in the more transverse prothorax, much
less broadly rounded and convergent at the sides toward apex,
and in the narrower impression of the basal tergites, which, on
the second segment of integer, appears to extend through nearly
half the total width, though so feeble as to be scarcely definable ;
the pubescence is a little shorter and denser in integer. The de-
scribed type is a male, the female scarcely differing however in

general form. The series before me is quite extended, and there
is scarcely any variation in size; the males seem to be much less
abundant than the females.

The genera allied to Trimium, forming section 12 of the table
previously published by me (Col. Not. V, p. 442), and section A,
B, of the arrangement of Mr. Raffray in the “ Etude,” require
very much more elaboration than has hitherto been accorded
them. Trimioplectus, which is now represented before me by a
goou series taken by Mr. Schmitt, must be asscciated with these

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 557

genera, although the eleventh antennal joint is relatively smaller,
and the ninth and tenth joints larger than usual; it is evidently
homologous in this respect with the African Periplectus of Raff-
ray. The antenne are short throughout this peculiar group of
exceedingly minute and obscure forms, widely separated at base
and with the last joint large, relatively abrupt and elongate-
ogival inform; the body is less linear than in the allies of Euplec-
tus, elongate-oval and always distinctly convex. I would suggest
the following arrangement of genera, those not North American
being marked with an asterisk :—

Antenne 11-jointed.
Ninth and tenth antennal joints very short, lenticular and transverse, the
tenth frequently excentric and transversely triangular.
Last joint of the maxillary palpi normal, much longer and thicker than
the third.
Elytra with a post-humeral pit, from which an acutely elevated carini-
form line extends to the apex.

The elytra with a discal stria extending to about the middle ; pro-
notum with a well defined lateral edge toward base, and two
large lateral fovez connected by transverse posteriorly cuspiform
groove.

Tenth antennal joint scarcely at all modified and generally sym-
metric ; head never wider than the prothorax, with two parabol-
ically connected foveze distant from the eyes ; dorsal segments
equal in length toward base........)......0.cessesssensesesesee Actium

Tenth antennal joint abnormal, transversely triangular.

Head very large, with two connected foveze distant from the eyes ;
dorsal segments equal in length toward base....* Trimiopsis
Head small, with two very widely separated foveze near the eyes’;
first dorsal segment longer than the second, with two long and
conspicuous caring............... fee oe cane aed abe Ns Actiastes

The elytra without a discal stria, but having instead a large elongate
basal fovea as in Trimium.

Pronotum with well defined lateral edges and a large pubescent
fovea at each side at some distance from the margin, connected
by the usual transverse sulcus ; first dorsal longer than the
second ; tenth antennal joint transversely triangular...Cupila

Pronotum without well defined lateral edges, and without definite

pubescent foveze.

a First dorsal longer than the second; tenth antennal joint
transversely triangular ; pronotal sulcus not continued down
the flanks, the conformation as in Trimium......... Simplona

First dorsal not longer than the following, non-carinate and
scarcely at all modified at base ; tenth antennal joint normal

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., IX, June, 1897.—37.

558 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

and symmetric ; pronotal sulcus continued down the flanks as
in. Mel baie... :ssopatlaas chs 6 ves wcinecisa chien shee ene Ree eee *Zolium
Elytra without trace of a post-humeral fovea, frequently having a fine
oblique pleural line proceeding from a point on or near the side
margin to the apex, which line may or may not be homologous
with the elevated carinal line of Actium and allies ; elytra without a
discal stria, but having a large, more or less elongate and rapidly
attenuate basal impression.
Prothorax narrowed at base but unconstricted ; abdomen not con-
stricted at base.
First dorsal segment much elongated.

The first dorsal deeply impressed at the middle of the base ; pro-
notal sulcus not continued down the flanks, but ending ab-
ruptly in small nude enlargements near the margin.

*Trimium

The first dorsal without trace of a median depression ; body
shorter and stouter ; pronotal sulcus continued down the
flanks as in Melha...............ceseseee eee seeseoeee Trimiomelba

First dorsal shorter, equal in length to the following, not impressed

at base ; pronotal sulcus continued down the flanks....... Melba |

Prothorax deeply constricted at the sides before the base ; abdomen

feebly constricted at base, the first dorsal slightly elongate ; prono-

tal sulecusiasjiny Melbassaeenss-ce-sse0ce sence eesnee eee Dalmosellia

Last joint of the maxillary palpi not, or but slightly, larger than the

third ; cephalic fovez elongate but not connected ; prothorax apparently

as in Trimium ; dorsal sagments subequal [Brendel]......... Basolum

Ninth and tenth joints larger, much less-transverse and symmetric, the
eleventh relatively not so large ; elytra with a discal stria.

Elytra with two basal foveze but without post-humeral fovea, the prothorax

toward base asin Trimium ; first dorsal and second ventral elongate,

MOt Modihed sat baASeyesnecesceee tear oecee coeeeteceeeeeeraceres Trimioplectus
Elytra with three basal foves. Zanzibar...................+. * Periplectus
Antenne 10-jointed, the ninth produced and acuminate internally. Singa-
POLS ress. ceeise ve seoosacce ge de nopaeos civeeiascsolac cenion chicane ncakaneceeaeeeas * Prophilus

This particular group of trimiiform genera appears to be much
more abundant and structurally diversified in the American con-
tinents than in the old world, and will prove to be very extensive,
as the species have been but seldom collected hitherto owing to
their minute size and secluded habits.

REMARKS.

Actium COsy.—This genus will include californicum, politum,
robustulum, testaceum, candidum, marinicum, pacificum, brevi-
penne, globifer, parabolicum and the two species described below.
It is much better represented on the Pacific coast than in the At-

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 559

lantic regions, but angustum seems to be perfectly congeneric with
the west coast forms. I am somewhat doubtful in regard to
globifer and parabolicum, which are not represented in the ma-
terial before me; they appear to have the discal stria of the elytra
much more abbreviated than usual.

A. angustum n. sp.—Narrow, elongate, convex and moderately ventri-
cose, polished, impunctate and pale rufo-testaceous throughout ; pubescence
moderate in length and rather sparse, subdecumbent. Head very slightly nar-
rower than the prothorax, a little wider than long, the eyes well developed,
convex, prominent, at about their own length from the base, the tempora much
less prominent, feebly convergent and broadly arcuate behind them ; occiput
feebly impressed at the middle ; fovezr deep, slightly pubescent, just behind
the middle, separated by fully 7% of the total width, the connecting impression
shallow and angular in form, the antennal prominences strongly tumid ; an-
tennz 44 longer than the head, the last joint elongate, gradually ogival and
almost as long as the preceding five joints, the tenth 214 times as wide as long,
slightly oblique and a little more developed toward the outer side. Prothorax
as long as wide, widest and moderately rounded near the middle, the sides
broadly and rather deeply sinuate thence to the base ; surface convex, the lat-
eral fovez not very large but deep and subpubescent, connected by a deep
transverse groove which is posteriorly enlarged at the middle. lytra almost
as long as wide, very convex, % longer and fully #5 wider than the prothorax,
the sides divergent from the rather widely exposed humeri, becoming strongly
arcuate behind ; basal foveze two in number ; discal stria fine and extending
almost to the middle. Abdomen about as long as the elytra and slightly nar-
rower, the sides parallel and feebly arcuate ; basal segment equal to the fol-
lowing, with two short basal carinz separated by 14 of the discal width. Legs
moderate in length, the femora feebly and equally inflated. Length 1.2 mm.;
width 0.4 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

A number of specimens were sent to me under the name T'rimio-
plectus parabolicus, but according to the description and figure,
that species, the locality of which was not indicated by the au-
thor, must be quite different. The description is from the male,
in which sex the sixth ventral is broadly and feebly impressed,
and the oblong-oval flat enclosed pygidium of the seventh is much
smaller than in the Pacific coast forms. The female is less ven-
tricose than the male, with a slightly smaller head and very much
smaller eyes.

A. bifoveatumi n. sp.—Elongate, the hind body wider, convex, polished,
subimpunctate, the elytra minutely, subrugosely punctulate, rufo-testaceous
in color, the pubescence subdecumbent, rather short and moderately abundant.
Head small, very much narrower than the prothorax, fully as long as wide, the

560 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

eyes moderate in size, convex, at more than their own length from the base, the
tempora behind them much less prominent, parallel and scarcely arcuate to
the truncate base, the latter very feebly and minutely impressed at the base of
the occiput ; fovex slightly behind the middle, large, deep and separated by 14
the total width ; antennee partially missing in the type. Prothorax slightly
wider than long, widest and somewhat prominently rounded before the mid-
dle, the sides thence convergent and not at all s nuate to the base ; fovez large
and deep, connected by a very coarse and deep transverse suleus, which is an-
gularly dilated posteriorly at the middle ; median line finely and feebly im-
pressed. lytra not quite as long as wide, %¢ longer and nearly #4 wider than
the prothorax ; humeral plica rather prominent ; sides nearly parallel, broadly
and evenly arcuate throughout ; disk broadly convex, the sutural stria deep
and straight ; discal stria distinct, extending well behind the middle; basal
foveze two in number, the intra-humeral depression large. Abdomen decidedly
narrower and somewhat longer than the elytra, parallel and very feebly arcuate
at the sides ; segments equal in length toward base, convex, minutely and
sparsely punctulate basally, the basal carinze rather short, straight, parallel
and separated by fully 1¢ of the discal width ; secondtral ven segment nearly
_ as long as the next two combined. Length 1.6 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

California (Siskiyou Co.).

This very isolated species can be distinguished at once from
any other, with bifoveate elytral base, by its large size, very small
head, finely impressed median line of the pronotum, finely rugu-
lose elytra with an unusually long discal stria and by many other
characters. It is represented by a single female in rather poor

condition.

Trimiopsis Reit.—The type of this genus is 7. claviceps Reit.,
from Colombia (Deutsch Ent. Zeits., XX VI, 1882, p. 150), an in-
sect of rather large size for the present group, and having a re-
markable cephalic development. Most of the minute species,
subsequently placed here by Reitter, belong to other genera;
specularis, for instance, is assignable to Melba and eggersz, which
I erroneously regarded as typical of Trimiopsis (Col. Not. V, p.
462), must form the type of another genus named “ Zolium ” in the
table. Some of the characters given in the table in defining
Trimiopsis are assumed, as no allusion to them is made in the
original description, such as the presence of a post-humeral fovea,
isolated lateral pronotal foveze and elongate discal stria of the
elytra, for example. There seems to be a tendency in the large ter-
minal joint of the antenne to split at apex along an axial plane
in many of these minute trimioid forms, and the notice which
I formerly drew to this character in specularis (1. c.) is of no
significance from a generic viewpoint.

Coleopterolugical Notices, VII. 561

Actiastes n. gen.—Founded upon a minute species previously
referred by me to Actium, but differing so much in the arrange-
ment of the cephalic fovee, more elongate basal segment of the
dorsum and other characters, as to demand a separate genus. Its
type is Trimium foveicolle Lec., which I have taken abundantly
in Rhode Island, and also received through Mr. Schmitt, from
the mountains of Pennsylvania. Costalis, of Brendel, undoubtedly
belongs to this genus, and may be identical with foveicollis; but
if his measurements are correct, it must be materially larger.

Cupila n. gen.—This distinct genus has for its type the Trv-
mium clavicorne, of Maklin, a male of which, from Astoria,
Oregon, was kindly given me by Mr. Schwarz. The black color
of the body alone might have led to the inference of generic
divergence from Actium, in which the species are all pale,
as this difference in the coloration would tend to indicate marked
differences in habits and environment. The genus departs from
Actium in its less convex and more linear form of body, com-
plete absence of discal elytral stria, this being replaced by the
elongate basal fovea of Trimium, in its elongate basal segment of
the dorsum, this having two extremely minute and parallel basal
carinze separated by scarcely 4 of the discal width, and other
characters as related in the table. The sparse subdecumbent
pubescence of the abdomen streams outward in a remarkable
manner, and the male ventral characters are very striking and
confined to the third segment; this segment is profoundly ex-
cavated to its base at about lateral third, the excavations ap-
parently confluent beneath the median ligula, which is dilated at
apex and impressed laterally. The hind tarsi are long, with the
second joint fully 2 longer than the third. The under surface
of the head has exceedingly few erect sete, their extremities
minutely capitulate as usual.

Simplona n. gen.—The transverse pronotal sulcus in this genus
terminates laterally in slightly dilated, very deep and perfectly
nude fovez near the rounded and indefinite lateral margin, as in
Trimium, and the tenth antennal joint is as strongly triangular in
a transverse sense asin Trimiopsis, and moreso than in Trimium.
From the latter genus it is distinguishable at once by the large
and deep post-humeral fovea and pleural carina, which are there
completely wanting. The single type is described as follows : —

562 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

S. arizonica n. sp.—Slender and linear, though quite convex, shining,
the elytra subalutaceous, very pale flavo-testaceous in color throughout, the
head and prothorax minutely, sparsely and asperately subpunctate, the elytra.
scarcely visibly, sparsely and very minutely punctulate ; pubescence short,
decumbent and moderately dense. Head as wide as the prothorax, rather
wider than long, the eyes well developed, at rather less than their own
length from the base, the tempora less promivent and circularly rounded be-
hind them to the neck; base broadly sinuato-truncate, not obviously im-
pressed at the middle ; fovez rather small but deep, just behind the middle
and separated by %¢ of the entire width, united transversely by a very
broadly subtriangular groove extending anteriorly only half way to the inter-
antennal line, the frontal margin throughout broadly tumid, the antennal tu-
bercles not well defined ; antennz very short, scarcely 14 longer than the head,
the eleventh joint large, conoidal, as long as the five or six preceding joints.
combined and twice as wide as the ninth, the base oblique, tenth triangular ;.
erect capitate setz of the under surface rather short and few in number.
Prothorax but slightly wider than long, widest and not very prominently
rounded at about the middle, the sides broadly arcuate and convergent ante-
riorly, convergent and sinuate toward base ; transverse suleus strongly flexed
posteriorly at the middle or biarcuate ; disk convex and even. Elytra not quite
as long as wide, scarcely 26 longer and about 94 wider than the prethorax, the
humeri quite well exposed at base ; sides feebly divergent and broadly arcuate
throughout from base to apex ; disk moderately convex ; sutural stria very
coarse and deep ; basal pit slightly elongate. Abdomen longer than the elytra
and but little narrower, the sides feebly arcuate ; surface broadly convex, the
first visible dorsal with two short basal carinz separated by rather less than 1¢
of the total width and ‘limiting a decided basal depression, distinctly longer
than the second ; two to four diminishing gradually in length. Legs short, the
femora only moderately stout. Length 0.95 mm. ; width 0.28 mm.

Arizona (Williams). Mr. Wickham.
The abdomen in the single female type is strongly extended
and perfectly straight in profile, not deflexed toward tip.

Zolium n. gen.—The body in this genus is very nearly as in
Melba, being similarly short and convex, rather ventricose and
with the pronotal sulcus continuous down the flanks without.
trace of fovez, but here there is a small but well developed post-
humeral fovea and pleural cariniform lineasin Actium. Thetype
is Trimiopsis eggersi Reit., from the island of St. Thomas. In
this species the pleural cariniform line ‘is paralleled above by 2
series of small punctures, each of which bears a short squamiform
hair, and the fovez of the head are discal, remote from the eyes
and wholly isolated ; the head is about equal in width to the pro-
thorax. The sixthantennal joint of the male is slightly dilated,

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 563

and the ventral characters are somewhat as in Cupila clavicornis
Makl, the third segment having a large rectangular lamina at
lateral third, from beneath which projects obliquely and laterally
a singular wart-like elevation, bearing at its summit a cluster of
remarkable squamules; the sixth segment is much longer than
the fifth, scarcely modified, and the seventh, or ventral pygidium,
is small and transversely fusiform ; ventrals two to five decrease
rather rapidly in length. The last joint of the maxilliary palpi is
elongate, gradually swollen within toward base, and is longer than
the entire basal portion.

Trimium Aubé—This genus appears to be exclusively palex-
arctic, and does not occur at all in the American continents. As
represented by brevicorne, the body is more elongate than in
Melba, and differs altogether in the formation of the basal parts
of the prothorax, the transverse dorsal sulcus not extending at
all down the flanks, but terminating at some slight distance
within the rounded lateral edges, in small deep and glabrous en-
largements ; the foveze of the head are nude, rather widely sepa-
rated and feebly connected by a large shallow ambient depression ;
tenth antennal joint slightly asymmetric and transversely trian-
gular or cuneiform. Elytra with an elongate discal fovea at base,
without trace of a post-humeral fovea, but with a very fine pleural
line extending parallel to the side margin from before the middle
to the apex, its anterior point of origin entirely indefinite.
First dorsal elongate, with a median depression at base, the
second ventral nearly as long as the next three combined.
Tarsi slender and densely clothed with very short stiff hairs,
the terminal claw quite small, slender and feebly arcuate.

Trimiomelba n. gen.—Greatly resembles Melba in the form of
body, but differs in the elongate first dorsal and second ventral
segment, which character is accompanied by a larger head,
flatter above, with the sides more abruptly vertical, the fovec
more remote; the head is frequently, or perhaps always, more or
less modified in the male, which seems never to be the case in
Melba. The penultimate antennal joints are small, lenticular and
symmetric. The hind tarsi arelong and slender, the second joint
twice as long as the third, the claw very small and slender. The
species are three in number as follows :—

564 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

Prothorax shorter, not longer than wide, less rounded at the sides anteriorly,
the apex but slightly narrower than the base....................60++- lzevis n. sp.
Prothorax narrower, fully as long as wide, the sides more arcuate and the apex
somewhat narrower when compared with the base.
Front obtusely rounded between the antennz ; cephalic fovee small and
subpertorater.sccsctivesdesavehinen secacheeatiemoarencens ns enentcncenee convexula Lec.
Front more narrowly subangulate, the head more punctulate toward the
sides ; foveze larger, more widely impressed and rather less remotely sepa-
rated ; pubescence a lithle!coarseni-s: -ce +--+ 22-4. ete eee een eee eee dubia Lec.

The characters of the table are drawn from the female through-
out. The genus is confined, so far as known, to the Atlantic
coast regions.

TT. lzevis.—Strongly convex, highly polished, impunctate and uniformly
pale flavo-testaceous throughout, moderately ventricose, the pubescence very
fine, short, decumbent and rather inconspicuous though somewhat abundant.
Head rather large, fully as wide as the prothorax, almost as long as wide,
feebly convex, the eyes very small, slightly prominent, at nearly twice their
own length from the base, the tempora less prominent behind them, long,
feebly convergent and but slightly arcuate to the basal angles, which are ob-
tusely rounded ; occiput not visibly impressed ; fovez slightly behind the
middle, large, separated by more than 14 the entire width, the ambient sulcus
large but shallow, becoming lost anteriorly in the shallow depression between
the moderate antennal prominences, the sulcus with some scattered coarse
punctures near the prominences ; antennze 14 longer than the head, the last
joint very large, conoidal, almost as long as the -ix preceding joints combined.
Prothorax as long as wide, widest but not very prominently rounded at the
middle, the sides thence feebly convergent and broadly arcuate to the apex,
more rapidly so and sinuate to the base; transverse sulcus deep, strongly an-
gulated at the middle, continued down the flanks. Elytra di-tinctly shorter
than wide, nearly as long as the head and prothorax and about 44 wider, the
sides divergent from the slightly prominent humeri to the apex and rather
strongly, evenly arcuate ; intra-humeral fovea deep, vanishing at about basal
fourth ; sutural stria fine. Abdomen slightly narrower and somewhat longer
than the elytra, the sides feebly convergent aud slightly arcuate, the apex
parabolic ; first dorsal nearly as long as the next two, with two slender
parallel basal carinz 14 or 4 as long as the segment and separated by 34 the
entire width ; second ventral rather longer than the next three combined, with
two slender parallel basal carinze nearly 14 as long as the segment. Legs and
tarsi slender, the femora but slightly inflated in the female. Length 0.8mm. ;
width 0.35 mm.

District of Columbia.

This species is allied to converula, which was described from
Tampa, Florida, my representative being from Orescent City. It
differs from convexula, as compared in the female, in its rather

Coleopterological Notices, VII. - 565

smaller eyes, longer, less arcuate and less converging tempora,
unimpressed occiput, broader head and prothorax with less
rounded sides of the latter, and in several other features.

As usual in the present genus, the elytra have at the sides a
fine line beginning at the base, extending posteriorly, very grad-
ually receding from the edge, more rapidly toward tip and attain-
ing the elytral apex; this line does not seem to be entirely homo-
logous with the very strong post-foveal carina of Cupila and
related genera. The sutures defining the side-pieces of the me-
sosternum are obliterated, but there isa fine straight longitudinal
carina extending from the apical margin to the hind limits of the
middle coxe; at some slight distance externally from them, and
just external to this carina at its posterior limit, there begins a
large and deeply impressed channel, extending obliquely outward
and vanishing at about the middle of the metasternum at a con-
siderable distance from the side margins. In Melba the confor-
mation of these parts is nearly similar, but the oblique channel is
very short and the elytra! flanks have an oblique line extending
from near the middle of the lateral edges to the apex.

Melba n. gen.—This genus wiil include Zrimium thoracicum
and puncticolle, and, in all probability, also parvulum, gracile,
laticolle, majus and discolor, which I have not seen. The head is
not quite so large as in Trimiomelba, and is apparently not modi-
fied in the male, the last antennal joint large and conoidal, the two
penultimate joints small, lenticular, gradually wider and virtually
symmetric. The first dorsal segment is not elongate and is not
narrowed at base as it is in Dalmosella, the second ventral not
as long as the next two and bi- or triexcavate sublaterally at base,
the sixth large in the male, the seventh enclosing a large, oblong-
oval, liguliform pygidium. In the male the anterior, and especi-
ally the intermediate, femora are greatly swollen, while in Tri-
miomelba this character is scarcely noticeable. In Melba
sulcatula the intermediate male tibiz are obtusely but strongly
prominent within just beyond the middle, this character not being
observable in the corresponding sex of any other species which I
have seen. In puncticollis the abdominal carinz are very short
and separated by about 4 the discal width; in thoracica, which is
nearly similar, the carine are slightly longer and are separated
by only about + ofthat width. Trimiopsis specularis Reit., from

566 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

the island of St. Thomas, may be assigned to this genus for the
present, although the male sexual characters are of a slightly dif
ferent order, the ventral pygidium being much shorter and semi-
circular, the second and third ventrals tuberculate sublaterally,
and the anterior and intermediate femora not particularly swol-
len; the anterior femur is foveate on the posterior edge just be-
yond the middle, and the corresponding edge of the middle femur
is carinate at the middle.

The species of Melba are all very small in size and may be as-
signed to four groups by the following characters :—

Basal intra-humeral fovea of the elytra short.
Pronotum impunctate.

Occiput impressed or canaliculate at the middle ....................-.+ Group 1
Occiput! not: impressed)... sce. cee sds beeen la Soe ges culenaseey Seca Re eee eee Group 2
Pronotum finely and asperately punctate ...............2. seseseeeeeeecerees Group 3.
Basal fovea large and elongate ; species rather less minute ............+0+: Group 4

The first group comprises parvula, texana, sulcatula, laticollis
and discolor, the second gracilis of Brendel, the third puncticollis
and thoracica,and the fourth maja, fossiger and uniformis. Dis-
color is said to have no occipital impression by Dr. Brendel in
his paper on the genus Trimium (Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., XIX, p. 166),
but is particularly defined by its channeled occiput in the mono-
graph of the Pselaphide by that author (Nat. Hist. Bull. Univ.
Iowa, II, pp. 32 and 34); the latter statement is in agreement
with the description of LeConte.

The four species which follow appear to be undescribed hith-
erto.

M. texama n. sp.—Moderately ventricose, strongly convex, polished and
impunctate, pale testaceous throughout, the pubescence fine, short, decumbent
and rather dense. Head slightly though distinctly, narrower than the pro-
thorax, as long as wide, with two rather small nude foveze just behind the
middle, separated by nearly 144 the entire width, the ambient connecting
depression very shallow and feeble throughout ; antennal tubercles somewhat
small but pronounced ; eyes rather small, at much more than their own length
from the base, the tempora behind them a little less prominent, very feebly
convergent and straight, somewhat abruptly rounded at base, the occipital im-
pression rather short : nd feeble ; antennz normal, nearly as in parvula. Pro-
thorax slightly wider than long, widest and a little more strongly rounded at
the middle, the sides moderately convergent and arcuate th nee to the apex,
sinuiate toward base and parallel in basal fourth ;suleus distinct, broadly bi-
arcuate. E/ytra distinctly shorter than wide, nearly 44 longer and 46 wider
than the prothorax, the sides strongly divergent from the moderately exposed

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 567

humeri and distinctly arcuate, the disk moderately convex, widest behind the
middle, the basal fovea short but deep. Abdomen slightly longer and narrow-
er than the elytra, the sides parallel and feebly arcuate, parabolic as usual at
apex ; dorsal segments equal, the first with two extremely minute basal cari-
ne }¢ or 4g as long as the segment and separated by b..t little more than 1
the discal width ; between each and the side margin there isa series of small
elevated detached granules along the basal margin. Length 0.85 mm. ;
width 0.33 mm.

Texas (Columbus ). Hubbard and Schwarz.

The intermediate femora in the male type described above, are
greatly swollen, the upper edge very strongly arcuate, the lower
feebly sinuate, the tibis simple; the fifth ventral is notably short,
scarcely visible except laterally, the sixth large, slightly flattened
toward the middle and the horizontal pygidium rather large, as
wide as long, circularly rounded behind, nearly flat and quite im-
punctate. In the female the head is slightly smaller but similar
otherwise. Two specimens.

Texana is closely related to discolor, but differs in color, that
Species being described as chestnut-brown with the abdomen
darker ; discolor is said by LeConte to occur in Louisiana.

M. sulecatula n. sp.—Moderately stout, convex, shining, impunctate
and pale brownish-testaceous throughout, the pubescence very short, fine,
decumbent and abundant. Head slightly narrower than the prothorax, con
vex, not quite as long as wide, the eyes small but rather prominent, at slightly
more than their own length from the base, the tempora behind them less
prominent, slightly convergent and somewhat arcuate to the base; occiput
with a long median channel ; foves moderate in size, deep, just behind the
middle, connected by a deep angulate sulcus, separated by rather less than 14
the entire width ; supra-antennal prominences pronounced, crossed obliquely
by a narrow groove; antennz 14 longer than the head, slender, the second joint
larger and more oval than the first, eleventh very large, conoidal, more than
twice as thick as the tenth and as long as the five preceding. Prothorax dis-
tinctly wider than long, the sides parallel and almost evenly rounded, strongly
narrowed at base, the sides becoming parallel in basal third or fourth ; disk
strongly convex, the sulcus deep, strongly angulated at the middle, continued
uninterruptedly down the flanks. Elytra distinctly shorter than wide, %
longer and *4 wider than the prothorax, the sides moderately divergent from
the slightly prominent humeri to the apex and broadly, rather strongly arcu-
ate; intra-humeral fovea deep, evanescent before basal third, the sutural stria
fine and feeble. Abdomen rather longer than the elytra and nearly as wide,
the sides parallel and feebly arcuate ; apex broadly parabolic ; dorsals equal,
the first with two short fine parallel carinz at base, separated by about % of
the entire width. Length 0.8 mm.; width 0.3 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

568 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

Besides the tibial character before referred to, the anterior
femora of the male above described are moderately, the interme-
diate very strongly, swollen, the upper contour of the latter
strongly arcuate, the lower very feebly sinuate toward the middle ;
the posterior trochanters are acute at tip, the abdominal charac-
ters extremely feeble and the ventral pygidium large. The female
differs but little, the head being only slightly smaller than in the
male. A

This minute species is allied to parvula, but differs in the elon-
gate occipital impression, which takes the form of a fine suleus
extending anteriorly to a point midway between the fovee. In
parvula, which was described from a unique taken in the neigh-
borhood of Charleston, S. C., the transverse sulcus of the prono-
tum is said to be nearly straight; in sulcatula it is distinctly
though broadly angulate. It is probable that the Zrimium par-
vulum, described by Dr. Brendel in his revision of the genus Trim-
ium, is the present species or one closely allied.

M. fossiger n. sp.—Moderately stout and ventricose, strongly convex,
polished and impunctate throughout, pale brownish-testaceous, the legs and an-
tenne slightly more flavate ; pubescence rather coarse, short, subdecumbent,
only moderately abundant. Head very slightly narrower than the prothorax,
as long as wide, the eyes moderate in prominence, rather small, at much more
than their own length from the base, the tempora behind them but slightly
less prominent, long, feebly arcuate and but just visibly convergent to the
base, the angles well defined though rounded ; base distinctly impressed at the
middle, the impression not prolonged forward to the vertex ; fovez large,
moderately deep, nude, situated just behind the middle and separated by
nearly 14 the total width, united by a very feebly impressed ambient sulcus,
which is not materially enlarged behind the slightly tumid frontal margin ;
antennal prominences small but rather distinct ; antennz 14 longer than the
head, the second joint oval, distinctly larger than the first, ninth but little
wider than the preceding, transversely cuneiform, tenth distinctly wider, very
short and transversely lenticular, virtually symmetric, the eleventh as long
as the five preceding combined and twice as wide as the tenth. Prothorax
distinctly wider than long, the sides parallel and circularly arcuate anteriorly,
strongly convergent and sinuate toward base, the sulcus strong, only mode-
rately cuspid posteriorly at the middle. lytra distinctly shorter than wide,
14 longer and more than 4 wider than prothorax, the sides strongly divergent,
strongly arcuate especially behind the middle, where they are materially wider
than at apex; humeri slightly exposed, the plica narrow and pronounced ;
basal fovea iarge, elongate, gradually attenuate and extending fully to the
middle of the disk. Abdomen a little longer and narrower than the elytra,
convex, the dorsals equal toward base, the first with two slender, flat,

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 569

gradually pointed and feebly converging carinz in less than basal third, sepa-
rated by about 14 of the discal width. Legs rather slender, the femora
moderately dilated. Length 1.0 mm.; width 0.4 mm.

New York.

Described from a single female example and evidently closely
related to the Iowan maja, of Brendel, in the large and elongate
basal fovea of the elytra; although elongate this fovea does not
assume the form of a stria however. The sutural stria is deep
and straight, and is gradually shallowed externally but without
indication of any particularly distinct punctures, as alluded to in
the description of maja.

M. umiformiis n. sp.—Strongly convex, moderately ventricose and im-
punctate, resembling the preceding in color and vestiture. Head about equal
in width to the prothorax, fully as long as wide, the eyes rather well developed,
moderately convex and prominent, at scarcely more than their own length
from the base, the tempora behind them slightly less prominent, quite dis-
tinctly convergent and continuously arcuate to the base ; occiput distinctly
impressed at the middle, the impression carried forward, gradually becoming
feeble nearly to the line of the fovez, the latter rather large and deep, nude, at
basal 2, and separated by nearly 14 the total width, connected by a feeble
ambient sulcus; antennal prominences small but strong ; antennz nearly as
in fossiger, except that the ninth joint is but little larger than the eighth and
almost perfectly symmetric, the tenth not so broad and less than 14 as wide as
the eleventh. Prothorax slightly wider than long, the sides circularly arcuate,
becoming abruptly straight and parallel in rather more than basal fourth, the
sulcus broadly biarcuate and rather deep, not dilated at the median flexure.
Elytra nearly as in fossiger but rather less abbreviated, with the sides not quite
so divergent from the moderately prominent humeri, the basal fovea large,
rather abruptly evanescent and extending through basal 7¢ of the length;
sutural stria not obviously punctured externally, except very minutely and
feebly toward tip. Abdomen as long as the elytra and obviously narrower,
convex, the dorsals equal, the first with two flat triangular parallel carine in
less than basal third, separated by less than 4, of the discal width. Legs
rather slender, the femora moderately inflated. Length 1.0 mm.; width
0.4 mm.

Rhode Island (Boston Neck).

Also described from the female and closely related to the pre-
ceding, differing in its less elongate and more rounded tempora,
more anteriorly extended occipital sulcus, relatively somewhat
smaller prothorax, shorter, deeper and more abruptly defined basal
fovea of the elytra and some other characters. It is rather re-
markable that of the sixteen examples before me not one is a
male, and, so far as I know, the male in this peculiar group, hav-
ing a more elongate basal fovea of the elytra, remains unknown.

570 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

.Dalmosellan. gen.—The general form of the body in this genus
is nearly as in Melba, but narrower and slightly less convex. The
antenne differ quite distinctly in structure, being shorter and
more compact, with the ninth and tenth joints larger, the latter
transversely triangular and the eleventh more evenly and acutely
conical; the cephalic fovez are larger and strongly pubescent, the
eyes more developed and the abdomen slightly narrowed or con-
stricted at the base. The mesoparapleure are obliquely divided by
a fine suture, the epimeron much the larger, with its posterior
margin strongly defined by a transverse, anteriorly arcuate suture
extending from the coxe to the elytral margin; adjoining this
line posteriorly, there is a large pubescent fovea. The flanks of
the elytra have a fine line extending from about basal third to the
apex and parallel throughout to the side margin. Dalmosella in-
cludes some of the most minute of the Pselaphide, and, besides
the type described below, I am inclined to assign to it the
Trimium americanum and T. simplex of LeConte, the former
being 0.6, the latter 0.5 mm. in length.

D. tenuis n. sp.—Narrow, subparallel, moderately convex, impunctate,
pale brownish-testaceous throughout, the pubescence moderately short, sub-
decumbent, quite coarse and not very dense. Head a little narrower than the
prothorax and quite distinctly wider than long, the eyes rather large and well
developed, convex, finely faceted and at about 14 of their own length from the
base, the tempora much less prominent, convergent and obtusely rounded be-
hind them ; occiput just visibly impressed at base but not suleate ; fovez
large, deep, pubescent, at about the middle of the length and separated by a
little less than 14 the entire width, united by a very feeble arcuate impression
scarcely extending 14 the distance to the frontal margin, the latter arcuate at
tip ; antennz very short, scarcely 14 longer than the head, the two basal joints
larger as usual aud subequal, the second somewhat angularly prominent within,
three to seven equal in width, short and compactly joined, eighth a little wider,
transversely oval, ninth still wider, lenticular, almost symmetric, tenth wider
and transversely triangular, eleventh conical, only 1g wider than the tenth,
as long as the five preceding combined. Prothorax slightly wider than long,
widest at about the middle, the sides convergent and rounded anteriorly, the
transverse biarcuate sulcus distinct, deep on the descending flanks constricting
the prothorax between basal third and fourth, the surface bordering the stric-
ture anteriorly not very prominent. but more strongly pubescent ; sulcus not
dilated at the middle ; disk even. Elytra not quite as long as wide, % longer
and 34 wider than the prothorax, the sides broadly arcuate, nearly parallel and
but feebly divergent from the slightly exposed humeri, widest behind the mid-
dle ; disk moderately convex, the sutural groove rather deep, the discal re-
duced to a large subelongate basal fovea as in Trimium. Abdomen rather

by

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 571

longer than the elytraand only just visibly narrower, widest at the middle, the
sides parallel and somewhat strongly arcuate ; first dorsal a little longer than
the second, with two short parallel basal carinz, 1g as long as the segment
and separated by rather more than 1g of the discal width, the intervening sur-
face somewhat more impressed ; ventrals two to four rather long, rapidly de-
creasing in length, the fifth much shorter. Legs slender, the femora but slightly
inflated, the hind tarsi rather elongate, with the second joint nearly twice as
long and thick as the third; claw very small. Length 0.7 mm.; width
0.27 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

The only specimen known to me isa female. The under sur-
face of the head has but few very short capitate setz, and the
ventral sutures are straight and transverse throughout.

Basolum n. gen.—This name is proposed for a genus which
appears to be rendered necessary to fit the published characters
of Trimium impunctatum of Brendel, from the middle Atlantic
regions. ‘The head is said to have two oblong isolated fovee, the
ambient sulcus wholly obsolete, the first antennal joint elongate,
being twice as long as wide, the maxillary palpi small, with the
third joint obliquely rounded and larger than the fourth, which is
obliquely conoidal; the elytra are said to have a fine discal stria
extending to the middle. The described characters of the maxil-
lary palpi are extraordinary and wholly exceptional among the
genera allied to Trimium and Actium; this, and the elongate
basal joint of the antennz, would necessitate its generic isolation
under any circumstances, and I am by no means certain that it
will prove to be allied to Trimium at all. For the present I would
also place in this genus the Trimium durum of Brendel, (Tr. Am.
Ent. Soc., XIX, p. 166), in the description of which it is stated
that the frontal sulcus is interrupted at the middle, that the discal
stria of the elytra extends to the middle and that the third joint
of the maxillary palpus is globular, half as thick as the fourth,
the latter but little longer than wide. If durum is not a Basolum
it will require a distinct genus, on account of palpal structure. I
have been unable to study either of these remarkable species. On
request, Mr. Ulke, of Washington, sent me what he stated to be
the only example of 7. impunctatum in his cabinet. This proves
to be merely a representative of a species of Actium, apparently
identical with angustum, described above, having the basal joint of
the antenne rather smaller than the second, the cephalic foves
united by a deep parabolic sulcus and the palpi perfectly normal.

572 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

I can scarcely imagine, however, that Dr. Brendel could have made
three such radical mistakes in his description of tmpunctatum, —
and therefore leave the matter for further development.

Trimioplectus Bndl.—The body in this genus, as represented
by ZT. obsoletus, the type and only known species, is convex and
formed nearly as in Melba, the mesoparapleure and metasternal
fovea as in Dalmosella, the flanks of the elytra wholly without
trace of post-humeral fovea, but with a fine line parallel to the
side margin in apical half. The biarcuate pronotal sulcus is almost
exactly as in the European Trimium, being at a greater distance
from the base than in the related American genera owing to the
greater elongation of the prothorax, and ending near the lateral
edges in slight, nude, punctiform dilatations. The head is smaller
than the prothorax, wider than long, with large well developed
eyes and short tempora, and with two small, nude, widely sepa-
rated aud wholly isolated fovez at some distance behind the mid-
dle, the frontal margin rather wide and separated from the vertex
by a feeble transverse sulcus, which is feebly and posteriorly ar-
cuate and disconnected in every way from the fovee ; the palpi are
normally trimiiform. The antennz are much longer than in any
of the allies of Trimium or Actium, and the joints are less trans-
verse and more loosely connected, the tenth joint of the male
about 4 wider than long, the eleventh but little longer than the
preceding three combined. The long bristling sete of the under
surface do not seem to terminate in knob-like enlargements, but.
to have their extremities asperate for a short distance. The discal
impression of the elytra extends broadly impressed and substri-
iform to or beyond the middle. The abdomen is formed in quite
a different manner from that characterizing the allies of Melba
and Trimium, the segments decreasing in width from the apex of
the first ; the first dorsal is notably longer than the second, with
a feeble transverse impression at base extending through nearly
4 the discal width and limited by abrupt but scarcely cariniform
lateral extremities, the formation nearly as in Trimium. The sec-
ond ventral in the male is nearly as long as the next four combined
along the middle. but much shorter at the sides, the seventh in the
form of a transverse semicircular pygidium, and the third has a
small pubescent tubercle at the apex and lateral fourth or fifth.

The genus is remarkably isolated among the American forms,.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. O18

but seems to be allied, as before stated, to Periplectus, from the
east coast of southern Africa.

BATRISINI.
BATRISUS Aubé.

‘The possession of a long terminal appendage of the hind tibie
characterizes by far the greater number of forms inhabiting the
Atlantic coast regions, and, if the genus is to be divided, this will
perhaps prove to be a better criterion than the pronotal sculpture
assumed by Reitter; the genus Arthmius, which is constantly as-
sumed by Reitter and Raffray to be a subgenus of Batrisus, is in
no way closely related, as I have previously pointed out; the
South American species with strongly modified front in the males
possibly do not belong to Arthmius at all. In some of the east-
ern species of Batrisus there are sexual differences in the pygidium
analogous to those known to exist in the California representa-
tives. In schaumi,for example, the pygidium of the male is
semicircular and merely tumid, while in the female it has a short
but acutely elevated discal carina; in that species the long slender
spine of the intermediate legs projects from basal third or fourth
of the femur of both sexes, and is not confined to the male or at-
tached to the trochanter as stated by Brendel.

B. temporalis n. sp.—Rather slender, convex, polished, pale rufo-testa-
ceous in color throughout, minutely and sparsely punctulate, the punctules of
the head and pronotum feebly asperate; pubescence moderate in length,
strongly reclined, coarseand somewhat sparse. Head distinctly narrower than
the prothorax and 1ather longer than wide, the eyes moderate in size, convex
and prominent, at a little less than their own length from the base, the tem-
pora nearly parallel, feebly arcuate and less prominent behind them to the
basal angles, which are well defined; upper surface but slightly convex, shining
behind, dullin nearly apical half owing to very coarse polygonally crowded
punctures which extend to the transverse crest of the front between the an-
tenn; there the front becomes declivous in about 45 degrees, and narrowed
between the large antennal cavities, with the apex broadly and feebly bilobed :
the surface of the sloping portion is deeply and broadly excavated, polished
and impunctate, and has at the middle a triangular elevation prolonged an-
teriorly into a fine process projecting in the feeble sinus of the apical margin;
the triangular elevation bears two pairs of acute setigerous tubercles both ar-
ranged transversely, the posterior much the larger, the anterior very approxi-
mate and minute; the clypeus beneath has a double edge, with a medial cari-
niform setigerous elevation, the apex of which appears at a slight distance be-
- fore the sinus of the bilobed frontal edge and at the same level; posteriorly

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., IX, June, 1897.—38.

514 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

there are two large deep nude and widely separated fovezx at basal third, the
oblique attendant impressions large and feeble, not confluent anteriorly, also
a strong median carina extending from apical to basal third and a fine arcuate
carina at some distance above the eyes. Antenne distinctly longer than the
head and prothorax, perfectly simple, except the basal joint, which is cylin-
drical, minutely punctate, with the basal margin abruptly dilated; second
joint about as long as the third and but little thicker; outer thre- joints
gradually wider; tenth as long as wide; eleventh scarcely as long as the two
preceding. Prothorax about as long as wide, widest ani rather strongly
10unded anter orly, the sides gradually convergeut toward base, sinuate op-
posite the lateral fovese which are large, deep and nude, with a portion of their
external margin cariniform and elevated; they are prolonged anteriorly for a
considerable distance in a gradually evanescent impression, but are wholly
isolated transversely; an acute spiniform process arises nearly midway between
each and the median line, which is deeply grooved throughout, except near the
base, where the groove becomes a feeble carina; a feeble longitudinal ridge ex-
tends anteriorly from each spiniform process. Elytra nearly 44 longer and 34
wider than the prothorax, convex, the sides divergent and strongly arcuate;
humeral plica strong but not spiniferous, the discal impression large but
rapidly evanescent; three basal foveze deep, nude and perforate. Abdomen
rapidly narrowed from base to apex, the latter very narrowly rounded; sides
very feebly arcuate; basal carinz fine but strong, parallel, fully 1g as long as
the segment and separated by 4 the discal width. Pygidium rather small, but
slightly transverse, feebly and evenly tumid, rather sparsely and subasperately
punctulate. Legs moderate in length, the anterior femora subcarinate along
the lower edge, especially near basal fourth, but not otherwise modified, the
anterior tarsi short and thick. Le: gth 1.75-2.0 mm.; width 0.55-0.65 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.) Mr. Schmitt.

The description applies to the male only, and the female is quite
different, being sensibly smaller, with the eyes a little smaller and
less prominent, the tempora longer and distinctly convergent,
with the basal angles very obtuse, the antennz shorter and more
slender, the front unmodified and merely coarsely scabro-punctate
on the apical slope, the prothorax relatively narrower and not
wider than the head, the abdominal carine shorter and slightly
more widely separated, the pygidium a little shorter and more
transverse, rather more tumid and with coarser elevated punctures
and the anterior tarsi longerand more slender. The modification
of the anterior femora is similar to that of the male. The last
ventral of the male has a large and very shallow impression, the
lateral limits of which are slightly tumid. Scabriceps, to which
the present species is allied, is larger and differs radically in the
structure of the front and tempora, and in having the small eleva- _

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 575

tion immediately behind each lateral fovea of the pronotum acute
and not rounded as it is in temporalis.

B. fossicauda n. sp.—Moderately stout and strongly convex, polished,
blackish-piceous in color, the legs and antennz testaceous, the elytra and
anterior parts also sometimes paler ; integuments subimpunctate, the pubes-
cence rather long, subdecumbent, coarse, pale and rather sparse. Head equal in
width to the prothorax, rather longer than wide, the base circularly rounded
from eye to eye, the latter rather small but convex and prominent, at distinctly
more than their own length from the base; upper surface moderately convex, with
a feeble carina at some distance above each eye, the median carina subobsolete 3
foveze moderate in size but very deep, nude and punctiform, situated rather be-
hind the eyes and remote, separated by nearly 14 the entire width, the impres-
‘sions subobsolete; thesurface begins gradually to slope from far behind the line of
the antennz, but at a point which is entirely undefined, the slope continuing
gradually and uniformly in a large flat surface to a broadly and subcircularly
-arcuate apical margin far before the antenne, attaining and only a slight distance
above the apical margin of the clypeus, the shallow vertical wall separating
the two edges perfectly smooth and slightly concave ; the flat and feebly slop-
ing front becomes slightly elevated along the antennal cavities, and its sculp-
ture consists of rather distant anastomosing elevated lines, somewhat smoother
‘sublaterally and merging gradually into coarse polygonal punctures posteriorly.
Antenne very short, not longer than the head and prothorax, the basal joint
‘stout but short, broadly swollen beneath, becoming impunctate ; second
‘somewhat shorter but a little thicker than the third ; sixth as long as wide ;
‘seventh a little shorter ; eighth not wider but shorter ; ninth decidedly wider,
‘slightly transverse, obtrapezoidal ; tenth much wider and decidedly trans-
verse ; eleventh not quite as wide as the tenth, a little longer than the preced-
ing two combined; the tenth has on the under surface a large circular
cavity, extending from the base to apical fourth. Prothoraxz nearly as long as
wide, widest and rather strongly rounded well before the middle, the sides
‘strongly convergent and broadly sinuate toward base ; disk with three large,
deep, feebly and arcuately connected foveze and two erect spiniform processes
in a transverse line near the base, the lateral foveze continued anteriorly for
‘some distance in feeble evanescent depressions, the spines in fine feeble sub-
cariniform ridges; median line finely impressed, not extending to the apex,
finely carinate between the fovea and the base. lytra distinctly shorter than
wide, % longer and 34 wider than the prothorax, the sides divergent and very
‘strongly arcuate throughout ; humeral plica small but acutely spinose ; discal
impression not extending to the middle; three basal fovez perforate. Abdo-
men longer than the elytra, not quite as wide, acutely ogival in form ; basal
carinee short, triangular, enclosing nearly 1g of the discal width. Pygidium
rather transverse, circularly rounded beneath, the surface strongly convex,
sparsely punctate, with a broad, deep, smooth and polished concave excavation
bordering the lower margin throughout the width. Legs rather long, the femora
stout, the anterior tarsi 14 as long as the tibiz, slenderand compressed. Length
2.1 mm.; width 0.6—0.7 mm.

516 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

The female differs from the male, above described, in having the
pygidium a little larger and more transverse, rather less convex,
with the groove along the lower margin narrower but rather
deeper and with its upper margin more acute and subcariniform;
the last ventral is broadly convex, while in the male it has a
rather small and elongate-oval median impression, smooth and of
moderate depth. In the female the structure of the front does not
differ greatly from that of the male but the sculpture is finer and
denser and the antenne are simple, the last three joints gradually
wider; the fovez are less basal and somewhat less widely sepa-
rated and the basal carine of the abdomen are still shorter and
separated by fully 4 of the discal width. In the general form of
the body the sexes do not differ greatly, but the elytra in the
female are less abbreviated and about as long and wide as the ab-
domen.

This species may be placed near lineaticollis and bistriatus, dif-
fering from both in theless tumid pygidium with transversely ex-
cavated lower margin. The last named species are mutually very
closely allied, differing slightly in antennal structure and form of
the elytra, these being more elongated and with less arcuate sides
in lineatzcollis ; in bistriatus the canaliculate median line of the
pronotum of lineaticollis is almost or quite completely wanting ;
the male sexual characters are nearly identical, but the front be-
fore the antennez in the male of lineaticollisis slightly longer and
more concave than in the corresponding sex of bisiriatus.

B. uncicornis n. sp.—Rather stout, polished and subimpunctate, the
elytra sparsely and feebly, though somewhat coarsely, punctato-rugose ; body
pale rufo-testaceous throughout ; pubescence rather long, subdecumbent and
moderately abundant. Head large, much wider than the prothorax, wider
than long, the eyes rather well developed, convex and prominent, at nearly
their own length from the base, the tempora behind them much less prominent,
very strongly convergent and broadly arcuate to the neck ; upper surface pol-
ished and convex, impunctate, except the supra-antennal regions and declivous.
front, which are coarsely punctate, the punctures mutually separated, the me-
dian and lateral carinz fine, long, straight and parallel ; fovez large, deep,
nude and separated by 14 the total width, each continued forward in a broad
shallow sulcus, the two feebly arcuate and convergent, becoming approximate
on the line of the antenne but not confluent ; front gradually and moderately
declivous in a convex surface, the sides before the antennz straight and con-
vergent to a simple, acute and rectangular point, bristling at and toward the

Coleopterolugical Notices, VII. DTT

apex with coarse yellowish setz along the edge, the apex extending immedi-
ately above the truncate apical margin of the clypeus, the latter with a double
concave apex. Antennzx 14 as long as the body, moderately stout, the basal
joint nearly twice as long as wide, slightly swollen beneath toward base ;
second longer than wide, as long as the third and thicker ; three to seven sub-
similar, feebly obconic and longer than wide, the eighth of equal thickness but
not quite as long as wide ; ninth distinctly thicker, not quiteas long as wide,
the tenth still thicker, obtrapezoidal, about as long as wide, with a deep in-
ternal excavation toward tip, the eleventh very long, somewhat bent, nearly
as long as the preceding four combined, the base oblique and prolonged in-
ternally in a long posteriorly oblique corneous process, which is receivable in the
large excavation of the tenth joint. Prothorax not quite as long as, wide,
widest and prominently rounded at the sides only very slightly before the
middle, the sides convergent and sinuate thence to the base, rounded anteriorly;
disk very convex, with three lar. e nude fovex, the median slightly the smallest,
and two feeble spiniform protuberances all in a transverse line near the base,
the fovez not connected, the lateral prolonged forward in feeble, gradually
evanescent depressions, the median in a deep abrupt groove not extending quite
to the apex, the spines in fine short longitudinal carinze. E/ytra almost as long
as wide, 14 longer than the prothorax and nearly twice as wide, the sides
divergent and strongly, evenly arcuate from base to apex, the humeral plica
large but short and not very prominent, not spinose ; surface convex ; discal
impression moderate, rapidly evanescent, the three basal foveze deep, puncti-
form and equal. Abdomen convex, shorter and narrower than the elytra, the
basal carinz stout, rapidly acuminate, more than 14 as longas the segment and
separated by a little less than 14 of the discal width. Pygidium simple, smooth,
feebly convex, circularly rounded, #5 wider than long. Legs moderately long,
the middle and hind trochanters finely spiniform at tip ; femora distinctly
swollen beyond the middle, the anterior scarcely at all modified ; anterior
tibize somewhat dilated and feebly excavated beneath toward tip, the anterior
tarsi slender and unmodified, fully 14 as long as the tibiz, with the second and
third joints equal ; apical appendage of the hind tibiz rather short, straight
and acuminate. Length 1.7 mm. ; width 0.65 mm.

New York City and vicinity.

The ventral characters of the male type, described above, are
exceedingly feeble, the last segment being moderately large, with
the surface evenly and feebly convex transversely and wholly un-
modified. The female differs but little in general form or size, the
head being less obviously wider than the prothorax, with the an-
tenn shorter and simple, the front rapidly declivous before the
antenne to the broadly angulate simple apex of the clypeus, the
declivous surface feebly tumid along the middle, the abdomen as
wide as the elytra and nearly as long and the pygidium similar to
that of the male. The terminal appendage of the hind tibiz

578 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

seems to be a little longer in the female, and the last ventral is.
more obviously prolonged at apex in a short rounded lobe, as in
many Euplecti.

This species is allied to riparius, but in the latter the antennz
of the male are shorter, with a much larger and more globose tenth
antennal joint, and it differs further in having a more convex,
more finely and asperately punctate, steeper and setigerous frontal
declivity, smaller foveze, which are united by a continuous feeble
ambient sulcus, a narrower and more trapezoidal pygidium, 2
longer and more contorted apical tibial process, and in numerous
other features. Riparius is common in the Ohio valley, from the
headwaters of which, in Westmoreland Co., Pa., I have a small
series taken by Mr. Shai the present soon is sale homologue
from the Atlantic maritime regions.

B. harringtoni n. sp.—Rather stout and strongly convex, clear and
very pale rufo-testaceous throughout, shining, the elytra minutely, sparsely
punctulate, the head granularly and subrugosely, the pronotum and basal
parts of the tergum finely, sparsely and asperately ; pubescence moderate in
length, coarse, recurved and somewhat sparse. Head slightly transverse, dis-
tinctly wider than the prothorax, convex, shining toward base, densely and
coarsely sculptured anteriorly, the punctures umbilicate, the fovez large, deep,
nude, subbasal and separated by but little less than 14 the entire width, the
intervening surface strongly convex, finely carinate; sublateral carinz fine and
feeble ; eyes moderately large, very convex and prominent, at nearly their own
length from the base, the tempora behind them not at all prominent, very
rapidly convergent and broadly arcuate to the neck; dorsal impressions feeble,
only extending a short distance from the fovez, there being no trace of a cir-
cumambient sulcus ; frontal surface convex, without trace of antennal tuber-
cles, obtusely truncate with a median sinus from a vertical viewpoint, the
apex just before the line of the antenne vertical and deeply and smoothly ex-
cavated, the excavation subsemicircular in form, with its lower edge produced
in the middle in a quadrate horizontal process, deeply bifid at tip ; at the ex-
treme lateral limits of the excavation the sides extend downward in a lamel-
ate setose process, partially enclosing the antennal cavities, and, between this,
and the central bifid process, there is a small, acute, suberect and setiferous.
tubercle ; clypeus broadly produced in the middle in a rounded lobe, with the
surface very convex, the summit posteriorly feebly carinate under the bifid
process of the front, the carina bearing some long sparse radiating sets ; man-
dibles stout, the inner margin multi-serrulate, the arcuate tip moderately
produced and aciculate. Antennx rather less than 14 as long as the body,
somewhat slender, the club only moderately thick, the basal joint less than 14
longer than wide, flattened and punctate within, the lower contour rounded
toward base, the upper surface emarginate at apex for the reflexion of the
funicle about half way to the base ; second joint not quite as long as the third

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 579

but thicker and more pubescent, longer than wide ; joints three to seven sub-
equal, elongate and closely joined; eighth a little shorter and narrower; ninth
distinctly thicker, obtrapezoidal, fully as long as wide; tenth similar in form
but much larger, rather longer than wide, with a large and very deep circular
perforate fovea on the under surface, extending from the base to the middle,
the surface thence to the apex more oblique than the corresponding surface ex-
ternally ; eleventh as long as the preceding two, as thick as the tenth, ob-
liquely flattened externally toward tip, the latter acute. Prothorax nearly as
long as wide, widest and rather prominently lobed at the sides just before the
middle, sinuately narrowed toward base, with the usual three fover and two
spiniform processes near the base, the arcuate impressions before the processes
almost obsolete, the lateral longitudinal impressions deep, sulciform and almost
entire, the median groove deep and extending almost to the apex; longitudi-
nal carinz very fine and feeble. lytra nearly as long as wide, 14 longer and
4 wider than the prothorax, the sides only moderately divergent and arcuate,
humeral plica elongate and strong but not spinose, the impression broad,
tapidly evanescent; three basal foveze deep and perforate. Abdomen distinctly
narrower and very much shorter than the elytra, the carine very broad at
base, rapidly finely acuminate, 4 as long as the segment and separated by
nearly 14 of the discal width at base, the impressions deep. Pygidiwm moder-
ately convex, somewhat transverse, the lower edge with a minute sinuation
receiving a small apical lobe of the last ventral, the surface adjacent to the
sinus with a narrow, arcuate and extremely deep transverse excavation, the
upper limiting line of which is an acute edge. Jetasternum swollen in the
middle, the slope toward the intercoxal edge rapid and densely: pubescent.
Legs rather long and slender, the femora swollen ; tarsi all slender. Length
1.8mm. ; width 0.68 mm.

Canada (Ottawa—Mr. W. H. Harrington); Wisconsin (Bay-
field—Mr. Wickham); Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.—Mr.
Schmitt).

The male characters of the venter consist simply of a shallow
impression of the last segment, the lateral limits of which are
tumid, prominent and setose. The legs do not seem to be modi-
fied sexually. The three males before me represent a species
which may be placed near frontalis. I have not seen the female.

B. cavicornis n. sp.— Rather slender, strongly convex, polished and im-
punctate throughout, pale and bright rufous in color, the abdomen but little
darker and more brownish; pubescence moderate in length and coarseness, pale,
rather abundant and strongly recurved. Head but just visibly wider than the
prothorax, about as long as wide, the eyes small but convex and prominent, at
fully 44 more than their own length from the base, the base circularly and
continuously rounded behind them, the tempora very convergent; foveze rather
small, nude, near basal third, very widely separated, the ambient sulcus deep
and well defined except at the middle anteriorly, where it merges with the

580 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

nearly flat and feebly declivous superior surface of the front ; included surface
very strongly convex, smooth and sculptureless, having, however, posteriorly, a
large oval median area which is flattened or feebly indented, the lateral limits
of which are feebly cariniform ; supra-orbital carinze fine and rather feeble;
surface exterior to the ambient sulcus flattened and coarsely, rugosely sculp-
tured, becoming anteriorly gradually feebly declivous and minutely, sparsely,
subgranularly punctate, with the sides before the antenne nearly straight and
strongly convergent to the obtusely subangulate tip ; viewed anteriorly, the
frontal surface is nearly simple, greatly narrowed between the antennal cay-
ities, the steeper part short and separated from the short, broadly rounded and
simple clypeus by a very feeble short impression joining the antennal
cavities. Antenne obviously longer than the head and prothorax, moderately
slender, the basal joint cylindrical, not distinctly modified orswollen beneath;
second and third subequal, slightly elongate ; four to seven about as wide as
the third, subequal, closely joined, not quite as long as wide; eighth still
shorter and just visibly wider; ninth distinctly wider but not longer than the
eighth, strongly transverse ; tenth large and subquadrate, its under surface
with a large, profound, oval, feebly transverse and abruptly defined excava-
tion occupying medial # and basal %4 of the extent, its bottom, somewhat
nearer the internal than external edge, still more deeply perforate and radially
setulose; eleventh joint very large, still wider than the tenth, as long as the
preceding three combined, obliquely pointed at tip, its inner side angularly
subprominent just beyond the middle, the under surface feebly impressed
from the middle of the base, the impression smoother and less pubescent.
Prothorax about as long as wide, subinflated and rather prominently rounded
laterally well before the middle, the sides convergent and broadly sinuate
thence to the base; surface with a large but not very deep subpubescent fovea
continued anteriorly in a rapidly evanescent impression at each side, and a
large nude deep and more basal median fovea, feebly connected with the lateral
by shallow arcuate sulci anterior to the usual moderate spiniform processes;
median impression broad and shallow, becoming gradually narrower and
evanescent near apical fourth ; cariniform elevation before the spiniform pro-
cesses very short. Elytra convex, nearly as long as wide, barely 144 longer and
34 wider than the prothorax, the sides moderately divergent and broadly,
evenly arcuate from the rather prominent and broadly angulate but non-
spinose humeral plicze to the apex ; intra-humeral impression rather shallow ;
three basal foveze deep and punctiform. Abdomen but slightly narrower than
the prothorax and almost as long, the small basal carinze separated by rather
more than 14 of the discal width; lateral margin rather wide at hase.
Pygidium simple, smooth, moderate in convexity. Legs rather long, the femora
somewhat feebly swollen. Length 1.7 mm. ; width 0.6 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

The male type has no secondary crural modification, and the
venter is nearly simple, the last segment being moderate in
length, feebly convex and without trace of impression or central

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 581

flattening. The chief peculiarity of this species resides in the
abnormal outline and medial impression of the eleventh antennal
joint ; it may be placed near foveicornis in the lists.

B. schmitti n.sp.—Rather strongly ventricose, polished, impunctate,
piceous-black throughout, the legs somewhat paler, the antennal club pale ;
pubescence rather abundant, pale in color, long, suberect and bristling. Head
large, wider than long, very much wider than the prothorax, the eyes rather
small but convex and prominent, at distinctly more than their own length
from the base, the tempora behind them very rapidly convergent and circularly
arcuate to the neck ; foveze only moderate in size, near basal third, pubescent,
widely separated, united by a rather narrow but deep, entire and semicircular
ambient sulcus, the enclosed surface strongly convex, perfectly smooth and
polished, with a short central carina ; supra-orbital carinze feeble ; surface ex-
terior and anterior to the sulcus flattened, horizontal and coarsely, densely
punctato-rugose, the frontal margin broadly and obtusely subangulate ; viewed
anteriorly, this margin is feebly double, the intervening concavity very slight
and obliterated at the middle, the lower edge thinner, more acute, briefly
porrect and feebly and minutely sinuate at each side of the middle ; clypeus
rather abbreviated, very broadly subtruncate, with an entire double edge at
apex, the middle point of the upper edge hearing an obliquely erect Jiguli-
form process arising just before the middle of the frontal edge ; excavation be-
tween the clypeus and front extremely deep, theclypeus sparsely studded with
short setz, the lower frontal edge bristling with longer sete directed down-
ward. Antenne slightly longer than the head and prothorax, stout, the club
very strong; basal joint extremely large, inflated and subcompressed beneath,
the flattened inner surface minutely and densely pubescent ; second joint
_ small, quadrate, attached to the outer side of the apex of the first at nearly
right angles with the axis, only slightly stouter and longer than the third ;
three to eight equal in width, closely joined, slightly transverse ; ninth shorter
and distinctly wider, strongly transverse ; tenth large and subglobose, as wide
as the eleventh, nearly as long as wide, almost its entire under surface occu-
pied by a very large and deep excavation, the inner slope of which has a large
and deeper perforation clothed with short radiating setz; eleventh about as
long as the three preceding combined, obliquely pointed at tip. Prothoraz rela-
tively small, scarcely as long as wide, the sides broadly rounded anteriorly,
moderately convergent and but feebly sinuate behind the middle ; marginal
hairs in the form of long stiff close-set and posteriorly arcuate sete; disk with
two large sublateral fovecee near the base, connected to the median and more
basal fovea by shallow arcuate sulci each before a stout spiniform process ;
lateral and median sulci very deep and almost entire ; intermediate carinz
strong but shorter, the lateral sulci turned outward near the apex, and here,
at each side of the middle, there is a small deep fovea. Elytra 24 longer and
fully +5 wider than the prothorax, not quite as long as wide, the sides moder-
ately divergent from the very large, prominent and obtusely angulate but not
Spinose humeral plicz to the apex and broadly arcuate; surface convex; three

582 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

basal foveze deep and perforate ; intra-humeral impression large, evanescent
slightly before the middle. Abdomen rather shorter and narrower than the
elytra, very convex, the basal carinz small and separated by less than 1g of
the discal width. Legs of the usual length, the femora only moderately in-
flated ; tarsi slender throughout. Length 1.75 mm. ; width 0.65 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.).

This is one of the more interesting of the numerous important
discoveries of Mr. P. Jerome Schmitt, and is dedicated to him
with the liveliest appreciation of the continual increase in knowl-
edge of our microcoleoptera due to his skillful and patient re-
searches in the mountains of Pennsylvania, the treasures of which
are only beginning to be unfolded. The single example before
me is a male, with, however, no special secondary marks other
than those described, the last ventral and pygidium even, being
perfectly simple and unmodified. The species may be placed
near striatus in our lists.

ARIANOPS Bnudl.

The two species of this remarkable inquilinous genus before
me may be readily distinguished as follows :—

Pubescence dense; prothorax shorter than wide, more inflated anteriorly, and
much more than 14 as wide as the elytra, the latter distinctly longer than
the prothorax, with the sutural impression feeble throughout. 2 Penn-
Syl vale. Le Aaee seh owete cnctoemsnaenes nee mcetentnes sce amblyoponica Bndl.

Pubescence sparse, more erect and much longer; prothorax longer than wide,
‘less inflated anteriorly, and not more than 14 as wide as the elytra, the
latter not evidently longer than the prothorax, much shorter and more
transverse, with the sides more arcuate and divergent, the suture strongly
depressed posteriorly. © Carolinas....................... Plectrops n. sp.

As far as known the genus is confined to the Appalachian
Mountain system, where it represents the European Amaurops.

A. plectrops.—Moderately slender, strongly convex, highly polished,
impunctate and uniform dark rufo-testaceous throughout, the hind body
elongate-oblong and moderately stout; pubescence long, suberect and somewhat:
sparse. Head longer than wide, about equal in width and length to the pro-
thorax, semicircularly rounded behind the erect, compressed triangular spicules.
representing the eyes, the spicules each continued forward in a fine carina at.
the lower margin of the antennal cavities to the base of the mandibles; upper
surface convex, with two deep nude fovez near basal fourth, separated by
about % of the maximum width, each at the posterior limit of a broad and
moderately deep sulcus, the two uniting anteriorly in a large gradually
declivous smooth and polished frontal depression between the antennal prom-

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 583

inences, which are large and somewhat roughly sculptured; front before the
depression more rapidly and subvertically declivous and strongly narrowed by
the antennal cavities to the very short and more porrect clypeus, which is very
broadly subparabolic at apex ; labrum transverse, broadly sinuate at tip and
bearing some stiff discal setze ; mandibles rather small, stout. Antenne about
as long as the head and prothorax, moderately slender, but slightly irregular,
the club 3-jointed; basal joint short and thick, but slightly longer than wide,
the apex above moderately emarginate for the reflexion of the funicle ; second
much narrower, elongate, rather longer and slightly thicker than the third;
two to seven gradually somewhat narrower and less roughly sculptured, all
longer than wide and subcylindric, the eighth narrowest of all, quadrate;
ninth and tenth subequal and nearly similar, moderately transverse, scarcely
as wide as the basal joint; eleventh much thicker, large, conoidal and gradu-
ally very acute to the tip, rather longer than the three preceding joints com-
bined. Prothorax slightly elongate, widest and evenly rounded at the sides
anteriorly, the sides gradually and moderately convergent posteriorly, becom-
ing only very feebly sinuate; surface evenly convex, with three large deep
nude and isolated fovez near the base, the lateral partially confluent with an-
other smaller fovea nearer the basal margin, the median flanked on either side
by a small and feebly prominent spinule and only slightly prolonged anteriorly
for a short distance in a rapidly evanescent impression; at the base in the mid-
dle there is a small elevated and more rugosely sculptured triangle, flanked by
single smaller fovez. lytra very short and transverse, as long as the pro-
thorax and nearly #4 wider, nearly 34 wider than long, the sides very strongly
divergent and strongly evenly arcuate, from the extreme base to the apex, the
surface strongly convex, not foveate at base but each with two feeble impres-
sions adjoining the elevated basal margin, the fine sutural strize lying ina
broadly impressed sutural region which becomes very deep toward tip; flanks
deep, without trace of post-humeral fovea but with a fine cariniform line
parallel to the margin in more than apical half; humeral plica or prominence
wholly wanting. Abdomen more than twice as long as the elytra from a ver-
tical viewpoint, and, at the middle, rather wider, the sides parallel and feebly
arcuate; border only visible on the basal segment, narrow, slightly oblique
and feeble; basal segment with three wide shallow basal impressions separated
by feebly cariniform elevations; second and third short and equal, the fourth
longer than the first three combined, very convex, becoming gradually vertical
at tip; fifth ventral short but longer than the third or fourth, the apical mar-
gin oblique at the sides, disappearing laterally under the third dorsal. Legs
long and well developed, the femora moderately swollen; tibize long, the pos-
terior calearate at tip. Prosternum before the coxe elongate and almost hori-
zontal. Length 2.8-3.0 mm.; width 0.8-0.85 mm.

North Carolina (Round Knob). Hubbard and Schwarz.

- The description applies to the male, the exserted cedeagus being
large and of remarkable form. In the female the head is more
distinctly wider than the prothorax, the latter about 4 as wide as
the elytra, the abdomen shorter with more arcuate sides, the first

584 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

dorsal much longer than the next two combined, the fourth but
little longer than the first; behind the fourth there is a short
dorsal part of the large exsertible sixth ventral, which dorsal part
may be completely hidden at times under the fourth dorsal ; be-
hind this again there is a short transverse pygidium. In the male
the dorsal pygidium is large, transversely oval, with two deep
perforate cavities on the median line, the lower the larger, and is
strongly exsertible, the sixth ventral very mobile but fixed at base,
fitting in a large circular emargination of the fifth, with its apex
broadly sinuate, the sinus cusped at the middle. The spiracle of
the large fourth dorsal is at the middle of the lateral edge and is
at the summit of a small oblique tubercle. The female of ambly-
_oponica in my cabinet, which I owe to the kindness of Mr. Schmitt,
is 2.85 X 0.88 mm. in size, so the measures of Dr. Brendel are prob-
ably somewhat too great, though the female is rather smaller than
the male, as in many Batrisi.

BrYAXINI.
DECARTHRON Bndl.

The following species is sufficiently common, even in Massa-
chusetts, but seems to have been unaccountably overlooked :—

D. laurenticum un. sp.—Black and polished throughout, the elytra
generally not paler, ventricose ; pubescence long, abundant, erect, bristling
and rather dark in color. Head nearly as wide as the prothorax, the eyes large
and prominent, the tempora short ; foveze distinct, separated by scarcely more
than 14 the entire width ; antennal prominences large. Antennzx black, stout,
bristling with long erect setz, scarcely longer than the head and prothorax ;
joints three to six subglobular and equal ; seventh and eighth a little wider
than the preceding, transverse and equal ; ninth nearly twice as wide as long.
Prothorax rather small, slightly wider than long, less than 14 as wide as the
elytra, widest a little behind the middle ; apex more than 14 the maximum
width ; median fovea small but deep and punctiform, the lateral wholly obso-
lete. Elytra short, fully 1, wider than long, the sides strongly divergent
from the base, broadly arcuate throughout; discal stria extending to apical
third. Abdomen as wide as the elytra and distinctly shorter, the first segment
broadly arcuate at tip, a little more than twice as wide as long ; carinz arcu-
ate, feebly divergent, extending beyond the middle of the segment. Legs
moderate, dark brownish-rufous in color throughout. Length 1.25 mm. ;
width 0.7 mm.

Canada (Ottawa—Mr. W. H. Harrington); Massachusetts
(Lowell—Mr. Blanchard).

Coleoptervlogical Notices, VII. 585

A small species, comparable only with abnorme, but differing in
its smaller size, shorter and black elytra, black antennz and
darker pubescence. The intermediate femora of the male are mod-
ified nearly as in that species, but the second antennal joint is
subglobular, wider than the first and wider than long, and not
narrower, cylindric, and fully as long as wide as it is in abnorme.
The description is taken from the male.

There are three examples before me from Los Angeles Co., Cal.
ifornia, which I cannot clearly separate from brendeli Csy. It is
possible that the females from Albuquerque, New Mexico, de-
seribed by Brendel under the name dzscolor, may belong to the
same species.

BRYAXIS Leach.

The following species belongs to the group containing foveata,
terebrata, intricata, and others having the second dorsal segment
indented in the male :—

B. arguta n. sp.—Rather strongly ventricose and convex, shining, subim-
punctate, the elytra very sparsely and obsoletely punctulate ; body and an-
tennee dark piceous, the elytra slightly, and legs and antenne distinctly, paler ;
pubescence moderately short, suabdecumbent and not at all dense. Head but
slightly narrower than the prothorax, the eyes large, strongly convex and
prominent, the tempora very short and convergent behind them ; three fovece
equaland normal. Antennz obviously longer than the head and prothorax,
moderately slender, the club gradually but rather rapidly formed ; first three
joints decreasing slightly in width, the first but little longer than wide ; sec-
ond cylindric, feebly elongate; three to eight equal in thickness ; third and
fifth not quite 14 longer than wide ; fourth, seventh and eighth as wide as
long ; sixth a little longer than wide ; ninth and tenth obtrapezoidal, increas-
ing, similar in form, slightly transverse. Prothorax minutely, feebly and
sparsely punctulate, nearly 1g wider than long, widest and rather prominently
rounded at the middle, the three spongiose fovez subequal and well developed.
Elytra almost % wider than long, twice as wide as the prothorax, the sides dis-
tinctly divergent from the base and broadly, evenly arcuate ; striz strong and
normai. Abdomen, from above, slightly narrower than the elytra and much
shorter, the carinz straight, divergent, about 44 as long as the segment and
separated by % of the entire width. JZegs normal, rather slender. Length
1.25-1.35 mm.; width 0.7-0.75 mm.

Michigan—Mr. J. Croissandeau ; Pennsylvania (Westmoreland
Co.)—Mr. Schmitt.

The male serving for this description has the apical margin of
the first dorsal only very feebly deflexed but emarginate in cir-
cular arc in median fifth or sixth, the sinus fully twice as wide as

586 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

deep; from the bottom of the sinus projects posteriorly in the
same plane a flat, gradually narrowing cluster of agglutinate seri-
ceous sete, extending slightly beyond the general apex of the
segment, its apex emarginate; second segment having a shallow
simple rounded indentation with ill-defined margins, occupying
rather less than median third and extending almost to the poste-
rior edge; the anterior margin of the indentation lies far under
the apex of the first, and, by longitudinal vision, seems to be re-
flexed as is usual in the species of this section. Remainder of the
abdomen simple, the last ventral very short. The female is a
little smaller and darker in color, with the elytra still shorter,
more divergent and straighter at the sides and less convex, the
_ abdominal carinee shorter and apparently less divergent.

REICHENBACHIA Leach.

The species aggregated below under this name form a perfectly .
natural and isolated division of the Bryaxini, which must conse-
quently have generic value. It is probable, moreover, that this
generic weight will prove constant throughout the geographic
range, and that the so-called connective bonds which have been
noted will form types of intermediate genera. Decarthron, Nisaxis
and Anchylarthron, of our own fauna, are instances of these.
The genus is very extensive within the boundaries of the United
States, and will prove troublesome on this account to the student.

In the following table all the known species are included, with
the exception of three, which will be alluded to below, and the
characters throughout are those of the male, except when the
other sex is specially designated. In the cases of tnepta, neva-
densis, complectens and subtilis, the female is the only sex known,
but, in the first of these, the distinguishing features are non-
sexual, and in the last two there are characters of taxonomic
value in the female antenne, which will be expressed in con-
junction with corresponding characters of the same sex in their
allies; the position of nevadensis will be more or less uncertain
until the male is discovered, although it undoubtedly belongs to
the division with aberrant male antenne.

Antenne unmodified in either sex; abdominal carinz very variable in degree
OMSCPALALOW: ©... csccececersessesaescseoces ecescisceee sects sreeeee ene sehen ee eee eee eee eee 2
Antenne dissimilar in the sexes, the intermediate joints of the funicle being

modified in the male but normal in the female; abdominal carinz always
well separated; pubescence short and subdecumbent...................s00s0+. 20

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 587

Antenne dissimilar in the sexes but with the median joints of the funicle ab-
normal in both; pubescence short; abdominal carinze widely separated;
body ferruginous in color throughout...................sessecee eee eeeee eee eene ee eee 30

2—Abdominal carinze approximate and divergent, separated at base by a
transverse distance which never notably exceeds the maximum mutual
separation of the sutural striz measured across the suture (strial inter-
SPACE) Meee see ois ctr sata ec Sars roe eran ato anaes eid atte srprciae aBlodlaa aawlag agua nm amano se 3

Abdominal carinz less approximate, always separated at base by distinctly
more than the strial interspace, but never by more than 4 of the entire

ACO MMA Wa Obes fo bets duc bisepossaseacsecetncicemenieciomels soeeaaceb ete avesaenausades sess 8
Abdominal carinz separated by 14 of the entire abdominal width, or very
nearly; pubescence always short and strongly recurved...................... 14
2#—Pubescence short and strongly recurved; body frequently very small in
SIVAD, coocdaciagadon dacnoo badass HonodonooodaagabbduodoL ood cog saa CaDobasaddodsndocrdaduasddadoosTsbeD 4
Ponescencer Onsen. DLIShing andi SeMi-CLeCh ser taccaceclss. sss sccesece «dens deeees eee 7
4—Pronotum quite deeply and conspicuously punctate; abdominal carinz
long and separated at base by the strial interspace ...................esceceeeees 5
Pronotum inconspicuously punctate or subimpunctate .....................e sence eee 6

&—Prothorax strongly transverse and strongly rounded at the sides; body
brown in color with paler red elytra (canadensis Bndl.)...gemumaifer Lec.
G—Antennz moderate in length.

Elytra short and transverse, generally sparsely punctate and subrugose,
though polished, the sides strongly divergent from the base, with very
feebly developed or obsolete humeri; body dark red-brown or blackish
in color, the elytra generally not paler, the abdomen sometimes darker.

Abdominal carinz of the female separated at base by the full strial inter-
space; pronotum impunctate or very nearly so........... divergens Lec.
Abdominal carinz of the female extremely approximate, separated at base
by 1 the strial interspace; elytra more obsoletely sculptured, the pro-

notum sensibly punctulate (gemmifer Bndl. nec Lec. ).
Subsimilis n. sp.

Elytra with obvious humeri, longer, the sides less divergent; abdominal
carinz separated at base by fully the strial interspace, occasionally by
rather more. Middle Atlantic maritime regions.

Rufo-testaceous, the abdomen sometimes darker; pronotum almost wholly
devoid of any trace of punctuation, the median fovea very small.

congener Bndl.

Piceous-black when mature, with rufous elytra, but varying much in color

and frequently pale straw-yellow throughout from immaturity; pro-

notum quite distinctly punctulate, the median fovea distinct (divergens

IB yale 7eVetog DET) He seAi acer gnendiccocacacacacre ABBE ASe Dae aa BDAC REE ETnee facilis Csy.

Antenne unusually elongate and slender, almost as long as the head, pro-

thorax and elytra combined; abdominal carinze separated at base by much

less than the strial interspace..................ssseeseeees cylindrartus Bndl.

‘"7—Body red-brown in color, the elytra paler; abdominal carine unusually

long, separated at base by exactly the strial interspace.
atlantica Bndl.

88 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

S—Pronotum deeply cribrate and subopaque over its entire surface, the punec-
tures polygonally crowded; pubescence short; abdominal carinze mod-
erate in length, separated at tip by about 1< the entire width.

scabra Bndl.

Pronotum deeply and conspicuously punctate, the punctures not in actual
contact and the lustre alutaceous ; pubescence short ; abdominal carinz
nearly 14 as long as the segment, straight, divergent, separated at tip by

nearly 14 of the entire Width..............scscssceseesesoees cribricollis Bndl.
Pronotum never deeply punctate and at most with small, rather distant and
moderately Cistimeb PUNMCtUNES.:.-2 5... 2... -mecaoe- es! laie-eclsseeelesaeltete iain ie
9—Pubescence long, suberect and bristling ; abdominal carine rather long
and strongly marked ; elytra distinctly shorter than wide.................... 10
Pubescence shorter, strongly recurved or subappressed..............-.2seeseeeveeeee 11

10—Abdominal carinz fully 14 as long as the segment and separated by 14
the entire width or rather more.
The carine divergent and feebly arcuate. ..............-.+0.. rubicunda Aubé
The caring parallel, slightly everted toward tip.............. Kansana 0D. sp.
Abdominal carine straight or very nearly so, slightly less than 14 as long as
the segment, more or less divergent and separated at tip by 44 the entire
width or less; last ventral of the male much more deeply concave.
The carine distinctly divergent; prothorax relatively broader, more than 14
aSawidetas theveliytrayiss-.cse-cpeccssosr secs cscee eons ee eee eee gracilis Csy.
The carinz just visibly divergent and separated by but little more than
of the entire width; prothorax smaller and less transverse, about 14 as
wideasithe: eliybraww ie dcsaisevs sess se uents s-somesenecnoe Mose ne eeeeee ursina nt. sp.
i1i—Pubescence long and very coarse but strongly recurved; antennz rather
short and stout, with joints 8-10 distinctly transverse; abdominal
carine strong, 7 as long as the segment, perfectly straight, strongly di-
vergent, separated by about 4< of the entire width ; elytra much shorter
than wide, very coarsely but not densely punctate and rugose, polished ;
male with the last ventral moderate in length, broadly and feebly im-
pressed in the middle, the last dorsal strongly transverse, the apex 14 as
wide as the base and deeply sinuate with narrowly rounded angles.
semirugosa Bndl.
The pubescence only moderately short, notably coarse and strongly recurved;
abdominal carinz rather feeble, much less than 14 as long as the segment,
straight, parallel and separated by less than }¢ of the entire width; an-
tennze slender though not much exceeding the average in length; last
ventral of the male short and unimpressed, the last dorsal with a small
and deep semicircular notch which is limited by acute angles.
gracilicornis Csy.
The pubescence very short, inconspicuous and decumbent or strongly recurved;
abdominal carine variable in length and development but always diver-
gent; elytra never very roughly sculptured..............:.ssecesceceesessernceees 12
12—Abdominal carine straight, separated at tip by about 4 of the entire
width; body rather minute in size and pale in color........... inepta Csy.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 589

Abdominal carine much more approximate, separated at tip by about ¥% of
the entire width or less; body larger; antennz moderate throughout.....13

13—Last ventral of the male large, broadly concave toward tip; eyes larger,
situated at much less than their own length from the base.

Terminal dorsal of the male very broadly truncate at tip, the truncature
feebly sinuate toward the middle, its surface strongly punctate; abdominal
carinz distinct. nearly straight, separated at tip by scarcely more than a
seventh of the entire Width..................-sececccecscceccerceoees insolita n. sp.

Terminal dorsal with the apex broadly rounded, scarcely more than 14 as
wide as the base, broadly rounded at the sides, broadly and very moder-
ately sinuate at tip, the surface feebly and sparsely punctulate; abdominal
carinz 1g as long as the segment, distinct, evenly arcuate and divergent
and separated at tip by fully 1% the total width............... sodalis n. sp.

Last ventral of the male moderately large, simply flattened, occasionally with
the plane slightly ascending toward tip; terminal dorsal with a broad and
decidedly deep sinus nearly in the form of a circular arc with more or
less narrowly rounded limiting angles; eyes smaller, at their own length
from the hase or nearly so.

Abdominal carine nearly 14 as long as the segment, distinct, strongly diver-

gent and straight.
Prothorax rather large, more than 14 as wide as the elytra.
fusciventris n. sp.
Prothorax moderate in size though unusually elongate, 14 as wide as the
elytra and much more distinetly punctulate...... peregrinator n. sp.

Abdominal carinz extremely short, fine and indistinct, straight and sepa-
rated by 1 of the entire width; prothorax shorter and more trans-
VIEL SO ris caieciac cutie sisaisawelsiele heals tis elie scieiea aide Moctias dedlardleveslelst Salsas sss furtiva Csy.

14— Intermediate tibiz of the male normal......................seeesedeesscecceceeeees 15
Intermediate tibize of the male strongly bent in are in about basal % of their
length, the arcuate part clothed externally with long erect hairs......... 19
15—Pronotum strongly and closely punctured, especially toward the central
parts of the disk; abdominal carine short but distinct, straight and

parallel ; body black with rufous elytra, legs and antenne.
puncticollis Lec.

Pronotum not conspicuously punctured though occasionally quite perceptibly
UNC HUaAbereetacscccisoawec mantaasigncsiscus ence scceisiecciesusesiasWacsseeatcuiesenssiannesase 16

16—Body black or piceous-black with bright red elytra, the hind body
strongly inflated, the elytra always fully twice as wide as the prothorax ;
abdominal carine feebly divergent ; last ventral of the male broadly con-

CABS con ngcnansbeosds090CA6 SabuC CoDnE ot boSaSefooéanend sonosebuObO DSSUdeoonEDO peabodeSabORSDIRCN 17
Body pale in color throughout, sometimes uniformly but occasionally with the
elytra still a little paler or more flavate.................0cscecece:seeeesceesenees 18
1'7—Last dorsal of the male having at apex a very broad, circularly rounded
sinus, which is 14 as wide as the base...................6 corporalis n. sp.
Last dorsal of the male with a much narrower and very feebly sinuate apical
truncature ; body much smaller: ..................-..-ceseses0o0e borealis n. sp.

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Sct., 1X, June, 1897.—39.

590 Coleopteroiogical Notices, VII.

18—Hind body normally ventricose, the elytra twice as wide as the prothorax.
Abdominal carinz 15 to 74 as long as the segment, distinct and divergent,
feebly so in demissa ; body small in size.

Last ventral of the male short, along the median line not much longer
than the three preceding combined, flat, the last dorsal short, narrowly
and extremely feebly sinuato-truncate atapex.............. demissa Csy.

Last ventral twice as long and broadly concave along the middle; last
dorsal longer, with less convergent sides, the apical truncature just
visibly sinuate and nearly 144 as wide as the base; elytra uniformly

JO eS BAme desc noncaeecans cnavdout pba hncsodecodohosadoduGrbdtondédaoadosce distams n. sp.
Last ventral with a longitudinal impression, the last dorsal truncate ;
elytral suture darker in color [Brendel ]................... litoralis Bndl.

Abdominal carinz extremely short and rather thick, scarcely more than ap-
pearing beyond the tips of the elytra, straight and parallel ; last ventral
of the male with a large rounded concavity, the last dorsal rather broadly
emarginate in circular arc, the sinus with well-defined though blunt limit-
TNO ANGLES So cae Sanick sninterce Se cleciecak acetnene ebee st asdsaclent sm aenaeeeeeteee inopia Csy.

Hind body relatively narrower, the elytra much less than twice as wide as the
prothorax and much shorter than wide; body elongate, uniform pale
piceous-brown in color throughoutand highly polished ; abdominal carinz
fine and feeble, scarcely 1g as long as the segment, straight and feebly
GUNTER SETI acon dedancooqnnsEgnsbonganasnonacansoDasnAandaSHanoodosnsoao5c procera 20. sp.

19—Abdominal carinz scarcely more than 4 as long as the segment, fine,
straight and parallel, separated by 1g of the width of the segmental disk,

but by noticeably less than 4 of the entire width ; size rather large.
arcifer n. sp.

20--Posterior tibiz simple and uncompressed in the male........................ 21
Posterior tibize of the male dilated and compressed in about apical half, the
dilated part longitudinally excavated on the compressed surface.......... 27
234—Second antennal joint dilated and otherwise modified in the male, the
front also abnormal in one or both SeXES................esceeeneeeeeeseeescnseeees 22
Second antennal joint not abnormally dilated in the male.................. 23

22—Front not trilobed, having in both sexes, in place of the usual large single
fovea, two minute nude fovez separated by a longitudinal, feebly tumid,
strongly and densely punctate area, which descends gradually upon the
clypeus, becoming more prominent and hairy.
Enlarged second joint flat or feebly convex on its under surface throughout
TESYORBEUE eo ree erate ebcs eter ent «te nceneereide erate eae aaeee ee deformata Lec.
Enlarged second joint deeply excavated beneath, the apical transverse
margin of the excavation acutely cariniform ; body much smaller (de-

formata Csy. et Bndl. nec Lee. ).............-.:-2seeeeeeeeeee taphrecera nt. sp.
Front trilobed by two small deep emarginations, at least in the male ; female
not examined “[/Brendell|sts.:.-corec-ceeeses-eenececenere depressifrons Bndl.

23—-Head with but two fovez, probably in both sexes, the frontal fovea want-
ing and replaced in the male of compar by a large transversely oval punctu-
late and pubescent area on the subvertical wall of the truncate front, and,
in the male of fundata, by two setiferous tubercles in the same position ;

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 591

front truncate, probably in both sexes ; antennal funicle feebly modified
AMIEL MIM AS Meek eonese wate cee cadcnes oreace seus dauetectnsastuceececsovenssestaleesiachiesseuss 24
Head in the male with the usual two vertexal fovex, the frontal fovea replaced
by a large, rounded, feebly depressed and densely punctate area on the
feebly sloping upper surface of the front ; antennal funicle very strongly
HIT OME UUTI GN CIM ALCS vc stectens ane esaestwieties eects sinaioe Unie cile soamertaomanieamaneatesns 25
Head in the male with the usual three fovez at the apices of a nearly equila-
teral triangle, the frontal, however, frequently larger than the others...26
24—Basal joint of the male antenna normal and cylindroidal ; funicle but
slightly modified ; male with the front transversely truncate ; female not
examumeds (jnanciscana OSya)): sssss.c-sdeseasceccss=eckescecne-eu ens compar Lec.
Basal joint of the male antenna large, subtriangular and irregular; funicle feebly
modified ; truncate front in the male feebly produced and subbilobed at
the niiddle, excavated transversely beneath ; female with the front decliv-
ous and unmodified but without trace of frontal fovea (albionica Bndl.
nec Motsch.—Ent. News, V, p. 195)......... c.ssccssececereeeees fundata Csy.
25—Male antennal joints 5-7 greatly dilated, successively more strongly, the
SAVONTI OY HONS) WAUCIESHES 5 Sroseandoqoocoobosco Deno s0qdOU CUE HOBUBOEOEABO Aiberes fallin. sp.
Male antennal joints 5-7 strongly dilated and subequal in width, the sixth,
much shorter than the fifth or seventh................ turgidicornis n. sp.
26— Abdominal carinz long and distinct, more or less divergent, sometimes
nearly 14 as long as the segment ; frontal parts of the head subimpunctate.
Antennal funicle very conspicuously modified in the male.

Male antenne with the basal joint oval, minutely rugose on the convex
lower surface ; second smaller, cylindric ; third slightly wider, obtrape-
zoidal ; 4—7 dilated and transverse, successively less strongly, the fourth
widest ; front subprolonged and angulate, the frontal fovea small and
nude but situated at the bottom of a very large depression.

tumorosa Csy.

Male antennz with joints 1-4 normal ; 5-8 more or less strongly dilated
and transverse ; seventh slightly wider and shorter than either of the
two preceding ; eighth narrower ; three cephalic foveze normal, equal,
cincmlanandispongioses.ccscesce-ceenceeeseeseaseeus cose tumidicornis Csy.

Male antennz with the basal joint somewhat swollen, the convex under
surface not rugose ; 2-3 normal ; 4 large, transverse and strongly dilated,
concave beneath ; 5-8 subequal, not much modified ; club large and
very elongate, the eleventh joint long and obliquely conoidal ; frontal
fovea pubescent but situated in a large concavity, the frontal margin
subangulate between the antenne.................sssscecerecesrees Sagax Lec.

Male antennze with joints 1-4 normal; 5 slightly elongate, not dilated; 6
very large, triangular, longer than wide, compressed, the remainder but
SUNNY TAO WUNBIE EL oo cooadancsosonosoncodooosccooneeacuogonoSobe arthritica Bndl.

Antennal funicle only slightly modified in the male ; joints 5-7 just visibly
incrassate ; fifth longer than wide, the next two somewhat wider than
long ; cephalic foveze equal, moderate in size, spongiose and perfectly

TL OTSA ca ences os aki a ercerene ote aera etarse te eeiseataT eis otel sitalas sstlsie cine ss informis Csy.

Abdominal carine very short, scarcely 4 as long as the segment, acuminate,

592 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

parallel ; frontal parts of the head conspicuously punctulate, the frontal
fovea situated within a transverse depression ; females only known.
nevadensis Csy.

2%—The male tibie strongly dilated and spatuliform toward tip............... 28
The male tibiz very feebly and gradually dilated in rather more than apical
Half. cccocsseosesaeueveesacesteesscineeces sonteninadeesecesnene deesehteeh Soe ee eee eee ease 29

28—Male antennz with the joints immediately succeeding the sixth decidedly
narrowed, the fifth and sixth relatively much dilated.

Joints beyond the fifth obstrapezoidal and almost bilaterally symmetric.
Sixth joint fully as wide as the fifth.....................0068 -albionica Mots.
Sixth joint distinctly narrower than the fifth.............. binodifer n. sp.

Joints beyond the fifth oblique, short and strongly pointed within.

articularis 2. sp.
Male antennz with the joints beyond the sixth scarcely narrower ; hind tibiz
more feebly bent.

Body larger, the hind body more inflated, piceous-black, with bright red
elytra: eCalitornia tse See6 ook ee Lec easaaeaee eaeeteeoeee fusticornis n. sp.

Body smaller and narrower, genera!ly dark piceous throughout. Ontario.

spatulifer n. sp.
29—Male antennz with the fifth joint rather strongly dilated, the sixth less
so and more pointed within, both transverse. Massachusetts and Michi-
Fe eRe aR SEER MEOH be Beas petnoee: Goacsmenun nace mo ccadabacociRosscccos propinqua Lec.
Male antenne with the fifth and sixth joints ‘‘a little thicker than the fourth,
slightly longer than wide.’? New York [Brendel]...........polita Bndl.
30—Fifth joint of the female antennz much shorter than the next two com-
bined.
The fifth and sixth joints, from a lateral viewpoint, distinctly thicker than

the fourth ; body larger and stouter...............0..0058 complectens Lec.
The fifth and sixth joints subequal in width to the fourth ; elytra relatively
a little shorter and more transverse ................sscsceeeeeseeer tumiida Lec.

Fifth joint of the female antenne as long as the next two combined.
Female with the fifth antennal joint slightly swollen ; cephalic fovez fully
visible from above, forming a triangle which is wider than long.
wickhami Bndl.
Female with the fifth joint not swollen, the anterior fovea on the obliquely
sloping surface of the front and not fully visible from above, the three
forming an equilateral triangle ; body smaller................. subtilis Lec.

The three species not included in the table are radians and éri-
gona of LeConte, and bicolor of Brendel. The first two are not
adequately described, the few words attached to the names by the
author being barely sufficient to establish their status as published
species. In regard to the former, it is more than possible that the
elongate median elevation in the broad concavity of the last two
ventrals, alluded to by the anthor, may simply be adherent for-
eign matter; if not, it is a character altogether unique in the

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 593

genus; the body is said to be 1.5 mm. in length, ferruginous, with
long abdominal lines proceeding from a small rounded fovea, and
the species is from Illinois. Trigona is larger, 1.8 mm. in
length, ferruginous, with approximate and diverging abdominal
lines proceeding from a triangular tubercle, the last ventral of the
male having a deep and sharply defined but not large oval fovea ;
it is from Missouri. Both of these species may be placed, for
convenience, near divergens, but it is impossible to state anything
definite about them in the absence of the types. Bicolor seems
to bea remarkably aberrant species in its short and stout antenne,
with the eighth joint three times as wide as long and the next
two transverse, in its small and non-prominent eyes, very con-
Spicuous median fovea of the pronotum, and in the peculiar color-
ation and habits; its position among the other members of the
genus is altogether uncertain, and it may be placed at the end of
the series as generically doubtful.

The identity of canadensis with gemmifer is a surmise, and
may prove to be incorrect. Dr. Brendel was in error, however,
in attributing short abdominal carine to gemmifer, and the spe-
cies identified by him under that name is probably that which is
named subsimilis in the table; gemmifer has long abdominal
lines, a transverse, deeply punctate prothorax, strongly rounded
at the sides, and seems to agree in all characters of the descrip-
tion with canadensis. My previous reference of canadensis to
divergens was an inadvertence, as the prothorax in the latter is
virtually impunctate and smooth, and my allusion to the prothorax
as sparsely punctate (Col. Not. V, p. 482) was an error due to
confusing that species with subs¢milis. Litoralis Budl., which I
previously regarded as identical with inopia, is apparently differ-
ent, the abdominal carine as described being much longer. The
small, uniformly pale, ferruginous species, of which this is one,
are somewhat abundant ; the four already known are demissa, dis-
tans, litoralis and inopia.

Of congener I have one example which is labeled ‘Illinois,”
but this is possibly an error. The characters of semitrugosa are
taken from the male type kindly communicated by Mr. Schmitt.
Feregrinator is the species referred to by me formerly (I. ¢.) as
cribricollis; I have since obtained the true cribricollis, which
is quite a different thing and more western in habitat. Minuta
Bndl., is synonymous with Nisaxis tomentosa, as I learned some

594 Coleopterological Notices, VLI.

time since by letter from the author. No allusion to the form of
the hind tibiz in polita Bndl.,is made in the original descrip-
tion, and I can only guess at its affinities as stated in the table;
it quite possibly does not differ from propinqua.

The last four species of the table have been previously defined
at greater length (1. c., p. 486), but the figures on the plate there
presented are not exactly correct, there being no such difference
in the relative proportion of the third and fourth joints of the
antennee of complectens and tumida,and the median joints in the
female of tuwmida, as figured, are too much swollen. These two
Species are very much alike in the female, but probably diverge
more in the male.

The abdominal carinze constitute a useful character, but fre-
quently differ notably in length and distance asunder in the two.
sexes, and all references to them in the table are consequently
confined to the male except when the contrary is stated. There
also seems to be some individual variability in these carine inde-
pendent of sex, the extent of which I have had no available op-
portunity to determine as yet.

The divisions of the genus by the primary characters laid down
in the table are apparently not only taxonomically natural, but.
geographic as well. For example, the first division is confined to
the continent east of the Rocky Mountains, and does not extend
at all further to the westward as far as known. ‘The second divi-
sion consists of two sections, one with simple tibize in both sexes,
which is confined entirely to the Pacific coast regions of Califor-
nia and thence somewhat to the northward, and another, with
spatuliform hind tibize in the male, which extends entirely across
the northern portion of the continent from the Atlantic to the
Pacific. The third division is confined to the arid regions of the
southwest, or the so-called Sonoran province, and is apparently
the only type of the genus occurring there.

The species announced as new in the table are described below
in the same succession, and in every case from the male type only.

R. Subsimilis.—Moderately ventricose, the hind body distinctly elon-
gate and suboblong, dark rufo-testaceous throughout, the elytra not paler, the
abdomen somewhat darker; pubescence ashy, moderately short and abun-
dant and rather coarse. Head distinctly narrower than the prothorax, im-
punctate, the fovez strong, deep and forming an equilateral triangle; eyes
convex and well developed, at less than their own length from the base. <An-
tenne a little longer than the head and prothorax, the second joint but slightly

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 595

narrower than the first, a little longer than wide; three to eight narrower,
equal in width, feebly obconic, the eighth parallel; third fully 14, fourth and
sixth V4, fifth nearly 14, longer than wide; seventh quadrate; eighth 14 wider
than long; ninth a little wider, 14 wider than long; tenth similar but larger;
nine to eleven increasing rapidly, the latter nearly as long as the preceding
four. Prothorax 74 wider than long, widest before the middle, the sides not
acutely rounded, rather strongly convergent and feebly arcuate toward base,
finely, sparsely punctate; median fovea distinct and perforate. Elytra nearly
1 wider than long, the sides strongly divergent and broadly arcuate from base
to apex; humeral plica feeble; sutural stria deep, the discal more feeble; inter-
mediate basal fovea deep, strong and circular; disk sparsely punctulate and
feebly undulato-rugulose, highly polished. Abdomen minutely and sparsely
punctulate, as wide as the elytra, the first segment more than 144 as long as the
latter, the carinz 7g as long as the segment, distinctly divergent, arcuate and
very approximate. Length 1.2 mm.; width 0.65 mm.

Towa (Iowa City). .

The male has the first and last ventrals subequal in length, and
each broadly and just visibly impressed in the middle, the latter
broadly and arcuately lobed at apex to fit the broad and rather
deep sinuation, with broadly rounded limiting angles, at the apex
of the last dorsal.

In the male the abdominal carinz are separated at base by the
full strial interspace, but in the female they are separated by only
about 4 of this distance, and are withal distinctly shorter and
nearly straight through equally divergent. Inthe female of di-
vergens they are separated at base by the full strial interspace.

This species is allied rather closely to divergens, but may be
known from it, not only by the female abdominal carine, but by
the larger eyes, more punctate pronotum and less sculptured
elytra and also by the somewhat smaller size. Divergens is com-
mon about Massachusetts Bay.

R. Kansana.—Moderately ventricose, strongly convex, highly polished
and impunctate throughout, rather pale rufo-testaceous, the head scarcely, the
abdomen perceptibly, darker ; pubescence long, erect and bristling, moderately
abundant. Head notably narrower than the prothorax, the eyes prominent,
moderately large, situated at rather less than their own length from the base.
Antenne distinctly longer than the head and prothorax, the funicle slender ;
club gradually formed, becoming stout toward tip ; second joint oblong, a little
narrower than the first ; three to eight equal in width and much narrower ;
third 14, fourth and sixth 7¢, fifth 94, seventh 1g, longer than wide; eighth
about 1g wider than long, cylindric ; ninth feebly obtrapezoidal, fully as long
as wide ; eleventh rather longer than the three preceding combined and much
thicker, obliquely acuminate. Prothorax relatively rather large, fully 4

596 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

wider than long, a little more than 14 as wide as the elytra, widest just before
the middle, the sides rather strongly arcuate, moderately convergent and
straight toward base ; disk wholly impunctate, strongly convex, the median
fovea somewhat large, deep and perforate. lytra rather more than 14 wider
than long, the sides divergent, arcuate toward tip ; humeral swelling evident ;
striz and three basal foves distinct. Abdomen well developed, the first seg-
ment as wide as the elytra and % as long, 214 times as wide as long, the
carine long, parallel and distinct. Legs moderate, the hind tibize feebly arcu-
ate. Length 1.5 mm.; width 0.68 mm.

Kansas.

Allied to rubicunda, but differing in the form of the abdominal
caring, in the relatively smaller head, more slender and elongate
antenne, less inflated hind body and in the rather feebler sinus of
the last dorsal segment. The male has the first ventral wholly
unmodified, the last moderately large, feebly bitumorose in the
middle near the base and very feebly impressed toward tip, which
is broadly and briefly lobed ; last dorsal rounded, finely, sparsely |
punctate, with an impunctate median line, the apex with a rather
broad and moderately deep sinus having very broadly rounded
lateral limits. In rubicunda the last ventral is much more nar-
rowly and arcuately lobed at apex, and is merely flattened toward
the middle of the disk.

R. ursina.—Strongly ventricose, polished, convex and impunctate
throughout, rufo-testaceous, the abdomen infuscate ; pubescence long, brist-
ling, erect and abundant, pale in color as usual. Head nearly as wide as the
prothorax, with distinct and normal fovex, the eyes prominent and situated at
rather less than their own length from the base. Antennz rather slender, with
a gradually formed and moderate club, 144 as long as the body; second joint
cylindric, slightly longer than wide ; three to eight equal in width and nar-
rower ; three to five elongate and almost equal, about 14 longer than wide ;
fifth just visibly longer than the fourth, the latter distinctly longer than the
sixth, which is % longer than wide; seventh a little shorter but fully 1g
longer than wide ; eighth a little wider than long, the ninth similar in form
but larger ; eighth to eleventh very gradually and somewhat rapidly wider ;
eleventh obliquely acuminate, longer than the three preceding combined. Pro-
thorax as in kansana but relatively smaller and somewhat less transverse, not
more than 44 as wide as the elytra. Elytra short and transverse, the sides
strongly divergent and almost evenly arcuate, the humeral swelling large but
not very prominent ; sutural stria deep, the discal rather feebly impressed ;
basal foveze distinct, the sutural stria becoming sulciform toward base. Abdo-
men nearly as in kansana but with the dorsal carinz a little shorter and nota-
bly more approximate ; they are almost parallel and very nearly straight.
Length 1.5 mm. ; width 0.7 mm.

Western Missouri.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 597

The last ventral of the male is not distinctly tumid in the
middle near the base and has a rather large oval and decidedly
deep concavity, rather well defined, slightly wider than long and
extending from near the base to the apical margin, which is
broadly lobed; last dorsal parabolic, finely and remotely punctu-
late, with a small and moderately deep rounded apical sinus
limited by broadly rounded angles.

This species differs from both rubicunda and kansana in the
much deeper concavity of the last ventral, and, from gracilis,
which also possesses a deeply concave last ventral, it differs in its
nearly parallel and not widely divergent abdominal carina,
smaller and less transverse prothorax and smaller sinus of the
Jast dorsal, this segment also being much less punctate.

The four species rubicunda, kansana, gracilis and ursina form
a natural group, distinguished by the long bristling pubescence.
The species are closely allied among themselves in general ap-
pearance, but appear to be definable by the characters given in
the table. The material before me is not sufficiently extensive
to disclose possible variations in the extent and direction of the
abdominal carinz, which exist to a visible degree without doubt.

R. imsolita.—Moderately ventricose, the hind body oblong-elongate,
strongly convex, highly polished, subimpunctate, piceous-black, the elytra
tufous, the abdomen black ; legs and antenne pale; pubescence very short, stiff,
recurved, only moderately dense, the elytra with a few remotely placed, short
and erect tactile hairs visible under high power only. Head quite distinctly
narrower than the prothorax, normally foveate, scarcely punctulate, the eyes
prominent and well developed, at much less than their own length from the
base. Antenne slender, distinctly longer than the head and prothorax, the
club gradually formed and not very stout ; second joint much narrower than the
first and not quite 44 longer than wide; three to eight still much narrower,
‘equal in width ; third 45, fourth and sixth barely 14, fifth 1, and seventh
2¢, longer than wide; eighth as long as wide; ninth obtrapezoidal, rather
longer than wide; tenth nearly as long as wide, the eleventh obliquely pointed
and as long as the three preceding combined. Prothorax scarcely 13 wider than
long, widest at about the middle, the sides moderately strongly rounded, con-
vergent and sinuate to the base, the apex barely 35 as wide as the base; disk
strongly convex, finely, sparsely punctulate, the median fovea small but deep
and perforate. Elytra but slightly shorter than wide, twice as wide as the
prothorax, and *4 longer, the sides moderately divergent and broadly arcuate;
humeral swelling pronounced; striz fine but strong. Abdomen as wide as
the elytra, shorter when viewed vertically, the first segment 4g as long and
nearly three times as wide as long, the carinz fine, straight, about 7 as long
as the segment, divergent and separated at base by slightly, though distinctly,

598 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

more than the strial interspace. Legs well developed, the hind tibiz feebly
arcuate. Length 1.35-1.55 mm.; width 0.65-0.7 mm.

Rhode Island (Boston Neck).

The male has the first ventral feebly flattened in the middle
toward apex and the last large, broadly concave in about apical
half or more, and broadly truncate at tip, the tergum gradually
quite strongly though sparsely punctulate toward tip, with the
last segment very broadly sinuato-truncate; the cedeagus has a
long and remarkably slender, feebly arcuate and finely pointed
process at each side. The completely fused meso-parapleure are
separated from the metasternum by a broadly impressed, evenly
arcuate suture, attaining the elytra at about apical third. The fe-
male seems to be a little smaller, with shorter elytra and antenne,
but with no difference in the eyes and but little in the abdominal
carinee.

This fine species, among the largest of the genus, was taken in
considerable numbers ; it is not comparable with any other de-
scribed thus far.

R. sodalis.—Rather strongly convex and ventricose, polished and subim-
punctate throughout, the elytra minutely and very feebly rugulose and the
pronotum just visibly punctulate toward the sides anteriorly, rather pale rufo-
testaceous throughout, the elytra somewhat clearer and the abdomen obscure;
pubescence pale, short, moderately dense, stiff, even and recurved. Head
slightly, though distinctly, narrower than the prothorax, the foveze normal;
eyes large and prominent, at about 14 their own length from the base. Antenne
slender, 14 as long as the body, the club very gradual in formation and rather
slender; second joint distinctly shorter and narrower than the first, cylindric,
nearly 44 longer than wide; three to eight equal in width and still much nar-
rower; third fully *¢, fourth and sixth 2s, fifth more than 1, seventh 14, longer
than wide; eighth as long as wide; ninth and tenth obtrapezoidal, increasing
in size, slightly wider than long; eleventh still thicker, obliquely pointed, as
long as the three preceding. Prothorax only moderately transverse, a little
more than 14 wider than long, not very strongly rounded at the sides, the lat-
ter convergent and sinuate near the base; apex fully 36 as wide as the base;
disk strongly convex, the median fovea rather small but deep and perforate.
Elytra slightly shorter than wide, twice as wide as the prothorax and %4
longer; sides distinctly divergent and broadly arcuate; humeral swelling pro-
nounced; striz and basal foveze normal. Abdomen not quite as wide as apical
third of the elytra, the basal segment 14 as long as the suture, the carinz fine,
short, strongly divergent and separated at base by but little more than the
strial interspace. Legs normal, the hind tibize feebly arcuate. Length 1.4
mm. ; width 0.63 mm.

Arkansas (Little Rock).

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 599

The male has the last ventral large, flattened, becoming gradu-
ally broadly and feebly concave toward tip, which is broadly,
arcuately lobed and slightly deflexed ; the last dorsal is sparsely
and feebly punctulate and broadly sinuate, with rounded limiting
angles at apex. The female is not represented in the material
before me. This species is also isolated and unlike any previously
known.

R. fusciventris.—Convex. only moderately ventricose, the hind body
oblong-subelongate, polished throughout, rufo-testaceous, the head and pro-
thorax rather more obscure; abdomen black; surface subimpunctate through-
out, the pronotum not obviously punctulate at any part; pubescence short and
decumbent, moderately dense. Head small, scarcely more than 34 as wide as
the prothorax, the fovee normal; eyes prominent and very convex, moderate
in size. Antennx slender, 44 as long as the body, the club gradualas usual
and but moderately stout; second joint a little narrower than the first, slightly
longer than wide; three to eight equal in thickness and much narrower; third
°4, fourth, sixth and seventh 14 to 3%, fifth fully 1, longer than wide; eighth
not quite aslong as wide; ninth and tenth obtrapezoidal, increasing, a little
wider than long; eleventh but slightly oblique at tip and not quite as long as
‘the preceding three combined. Prothorax relatively quite largeand transverse,
nearly 14 wider than long and much more than 14 as wide as the elytra, rather
strongly rounded at the sides, widest just before the middle; disk convex;
median fovea rather small but deepand perforate. Elytra not very transverse
though obviously shorter than wide, the sides distinctly divergent, broadly
arcuate behind; humeral swelling distinct; strie and basal fovee normal.
Abdomen as wide as the elytra, much shorter from a vertical viewpoint, the
first segment more than 14 as long, the carine fine, strongly divergent, about
24 as long as the segment and separated at base by slightly more than the
strial interspace. Legs moderate in length and rather stout. Length 1.4 mm.;
width 0.55 mm.

New York.

This species is somewhat allied to peregrinator, but may be
recognized at once by the less ventricose hind body and sub-
impunctate pronotum. The male has the last ventral rather
large, flattened toward the median line, the flattened surface
ascending toward tip and lobed to fit the broad subcircular sinus
in the tip of the last dorsal, the latter segment feebly punctured.

R. peregrinator.—Strongly ventricose and convex, polished and subim-
punctate, except the pronotum, which is distinctly though not densely punctu-
late, less so broadly along the median line; body dark brown, blackish beneath,
the elytra, legs and antennz pale testaceous, the abdomen infuscate; pu-
bescence very short, decumbent and rather abundant. Head much narrower
than the prothorax, with the fovee normal; eyes moderate in size, very convex

600 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

and prominent, situated at about their own length from the base. <Antennz
slender, 144 as long as the body, the club very gradually formed and moder-
ately stout; second joint much smaller than the first, 2g longer than wide;
three to eight equal in thickness and still narrower; third, fifth and sixth
almost equal in length and +s, the fourth %, and seventh 14, longer than wide;
eighth subquadrate but rather longer than wide; ninth feebly obtrapezoidal
and nearly 14g longer than wide; tenth as long as wide; eleventh oval, obli-
quely acuminate and barely as long as the three preceding. Prothorax but
feebly transverse, scarcely more than 14 wider than long, widest just before
the middle, where the sides are but moderately prominent and rounded; apex
barely 36 as wide as the base and not quite 144 the maximum width; disk
slightly convex, the fovez normal, the median rather small but deep and per-
forate. Elytra well developed, a little shorter than wide, the suture a little
longer than the humeral width; sides moderately divergent, broadly arcuate
posteriorly; humeral swelling distinct; strize and foveze normal. Abdomen,
from above, nearly as wide as the elytra and % as long, the first segment more
than three times as wide as long and scarcely 14 as long as the elytra, the
carine straight, strongly divergent, extending to about the middle of the seg-
ment and separated at base by obviously more than the strial interspace. Legs
moderate, normal in structure. Length 1.6 mm.; width 0.75 mm.

Iowa (lowa City and Keokuk); Nebraska; South Dakota.

This distinct species is rather abundant in the northwestern
parts of the Mississippi Valley and is somewhat above the average
in point of size. The male has the last ventral rather large, flat
in the middle toward base, the surface ascending toward tip in a
flattened depressed plane, the last dorsal distinctly punctulate,
with the tip broadly and deeply sinuate between the more nar-
rowly rounded limiting angles.

R. corporalis.—Strongly ventricose and convex, the hind body some-
what elongate ; body black, the elytra rufous ; legs and antenne pale testa-
ceous ; integuments polished, subimpunctate, the pronotum quite distinctly
though sparsely punctulate, except toward the sides and base and more
narrowly along the median line ; pubescence fine, short, decumbent and mod-
erately dense. Head distinctly narrower than the prothorax, the fovez deep,
strongly developed and normal ; eyes moderately large, strongly convex and
prominent, situated at somewhat less than their own length from the base.
Antenne slender, more than % as long as the body, the club very gradual and
rather slender ; second joint much smaller than the first, longer than wide ;
three to eight equal in width and much narrower ; third 1, fourth 7, fifth 144,
sixth fully 1 and seventh 74, longer than wide ; eighth quadrate; ninth feebly
obtrapezoidal, a little longer than wide ; tenth fully as long as wide along the
median line, the apex broadly conical as usual ; eleventh obliquely pointed
and as long as the three preceding. Prothorax rather transverse, fully 74 wider
than long, widest very near the middle, the sides evenly and rather broadly

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 601

parabolic from near the base and apex, the latter distinctly less than 14 the
maximum width and 36 as wide as the base ; disk strongly convex, with dis-
tinct and normal fovec, the median deep and perforate. Elytra large and well
developed, a little shorter than wide, twice as wide as the prothorax, the
suture fully 14 longer than the humeral width; sides distinctly divergent,
broadly arcuate toward tip, the humeral swelling pronounced ; striz and fovee
normal, the former very distinct. 4ddomen, from above, as wideas the elytra
and % as long, the first segment less than 14 as long, three times as wide as
long, the carine extending to the middle, straight, feebly divergent and
separated hy 1g the total width. Legs well developed and rather stout.
Length 1.65 mm.; width 0.78 mm.

Michigan ; Canada (Ottawa).

A large and conspicuous species, readily distinguishable from
puncticollis, which it resembles in form and coloration, by its
larger size, very much feebler sculpture of the pronotum and by
the male sexual modifications. The last ventral of male is large,
and is broadly and distinctly concave toward the middle through-
out, the concavity smooth; the last dorsal is well developed,
sparsely and distinctly punctulate, the apex very broadly and
strongly sinuate in circular are with somewhat narrowly rounded
lateral limits, the sides thence moderately oblique and almost
straight to the base. In puncticollis the last ventral of the male
is much smaller, and has a narrower and feeble, oval concavity
along the middle, the last dorsal more narrowly and very feebly
sinuato-truncate at tip.

R. borealis.—Similar in form to the preceding but much smaller, pol-
ished, black or piceous-black with pale rufous elytra, legs and antennz, sub-
impunctate, the pronotum sparsely and feebly punctulate, becoming smooth
toward base; pubescence short, strongly recurved and moderately dense. Head
distinctly narrower than the prothorax, the three fovere normal; eyes moder-
ately large, convex, sitaated at rather less than their own length from the base.
Antenne but little longer than the head and prothorax, the club very gradu-
ally formed as usual; second joint cylindric, much smaller than the first, at
least #5 longer than wide; three to eight equal in width, the former obconic,
the remainder cylindric; third 45, fourth and sixth slightly more than 14, fifth
24 and seventh barely more than 4, longer than wide; eighth nearly 1g wider
than long; ninth obtrapezoidal, about as long as wide, the tenth slightly wider
than long; eleventh very gradually and obliquely pointed, rather longer than
the three preceding. Prothorax nearly 2g wider than long, widest scarcely be-
fore the middle, the sides moderately prominent and rounded; apex barely 14
of the maximum width and nearly 24 as wide as the base; surface strongly
convex, the fovez normal, the median deep and perforate. Elytra well devel-
oped though barely twice as wide as the prothorax, only slightly shorter than

602 _ Coleopterological Notices, VII.

wide, the suture fully 14 longer than the humeral width; sides moderately di-
vergent, becoming broadly arcuate; humeral swelling conspicuous; striz and
foveze normal. Abdomen, from above, as wide as the elytra and % as long, the
basal segment nearly 4 as long, not quite three times as wide as long, with
the apex broadly arcuate; carinz not quite attaining the middle, rather
strongly divergent and separated by 1g the total width, by rather less at base.
Legs rather slender. Length 1.25 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

Canada (Ottawa,—Mr. W. H. Harrington); Massachusetts
(Lowell,—Mr. Blanchard).

Apparently an abundant and rather widely distributed species,
closely allied to punecticollis, but distinguishable by the feeble
sculpture of the pronotum, diverging and not parallel abdominal
carine, shorter antenne and slightly smaller size; the fifth joint
of the antenne in puncéicollis is more than twice as long as wide,
and the obtrapezoidal ninth and tenth are both longer than wide,
The sexual characters are nearly as in puncticollis, the last ventral
being feebly concave along the middle and the last dorsal feebly
sinuato-truncate at tip, the truncature about # as wide as the
base. The specimens from Lowell may possibly represent a
variety, as the antennal joints are not proportioned exactly the
same and the elytra are relatively a little shorter, but all the
other characters are apparently similar; in these examples the
eighth joint of the male antenna is about as long as wide and
quite obliquely truncate at tip, the ninth and tenth both distinctly
wider than long. The elytra in the female of this species are
rather shorter, with more diverging sides and are frequently more
obscure in coloration.

R. distams.—Moderately ventricose, convex and pale flavo-feruginous
throughout, the elytra still somewhat paler; integuments shining, quite dis-
tinctly though sparsely punctulate throughout, the pronotum smooth along
the median line and toward base, the head slightly punctulate toward
base ; pubescence very short, moderately dense and strongly recurved.
Head only slightly, though obviously, narrower than the prothorax, with
normal fovez, the eyes moderately large, convex, situated at distinctly
less than their own length from the base. Antenne slightly longer than
the head and prcthorax, moderately slender, the three outer joints rather
rapidly wider, the last scarcely 1 longer than wide and obliquely pointed ;
second smaller than the first, ovo-cylindric, distinctly longer than wide; three
to eight narrower and equal in thickness, the former more obconic; third 4,
fourth and seventh 7, fifth 14 and sixth nearly 14, longer than wide ; eighth
quadrate ; ninth fully as long as wide; tenth distinctly wider than long.
Prothorax with the rounded sides moderately prominent, about #£ wider than

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 603

long, widest rather distinctly before the middle ; apex more than 14 the maxi-
mum width and % as wide as the base ; disk strongly convex, the fovez nor-
mal. Llytra well developed, though scarcely twice as wide as the prothorax,
only slightly shorter than wide, the suture nearly 1g longer than the humeral
width ; sides moderately divergent, broadly arcuate posteriorly ; humeral
swelling quite moderate ; striz and basal foveze normal. Abdomen, from above,
as wide as the elytra and % as long, the first segment distinctly less than 14 as
long, nearly three times as wideas long, the carine %¢ as long as the segment,
straight, strongly divergent and enclosing 1 the entire width. Legs moder-
ately long, rather slender. Length 1.2 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

Canada (Ottawa). Mr. W. H. Harrington.

A small species, allied somewhat to demissa, but distinguished
not only by the sexual characters as indicated in the table, but by
the larger eyes, less transverse and less prominently rounded
sides of the prothorax and very much more elongate elytra, with
less diverging sides.

R. procera.—Convex, elongate and only feebly ventricose, highly pol-
ished, dark red-brown and subimpunctate throughout, the pronotum not dis-
tinctly punctulate at any part, the sutural regions of the elytra feebly and
subserially punctured ; pubescence rather short, coarse, moderately abundant
and strongly recurved. Head much narrower than the prothorax, with normal
fovez, the eyes quite moderate in size, prominent and situated at about their
own length from the base. Antenne but slightly longer than the head and pro-
thorax, the club very gradual in formation as usual; second joint almost as large
as the first, ovo-cylindric, 74 longer than wide; three to eight equal in width
and much narrower, the third more obconic as usual; third and fifth %,
fourth, sixth and seventh subequal and about 14, longer than wide ; eighth
about 14 wider than long ; ninth and tenth obtrapezoidal, nearly similar in
form but increasing, both obviously wider than long ; eleventh rather longer
than the three preceding, obliquely pointed'in apical half. Prothorax about 1
wider than long, obviously more than 14 as wide as the elytra, widest and
rounded at the sides before the middle but not very prominently ; apex fully
14 of the maximum width and % as wide as the base ; surface very convex,
the lateral fovez situated at basal third. lytra short, nearly 14 wider than
long, 14 longer than the prothorax, the suture but slightly longer than the hu-
meral width ; sides strongly divergent and broadly arcuate ; humeral swelling
rather feeble ; strisze and foveze normal, the former deep, the sutural receding
more from the suture and more arcuate in apical half, the discal slightly everted
toward tip. Abdomen, from above, about as wide as the elytra and fully as
long, the basal segment 3¢ as long, 244 times as wide as long, the carinz very
fine, straight, just visibly divergent, less than 15 as long as the segment and
enclosing barely 1g of the entire width. Legs moderate in length, the femora
rather stout. Length 1.35 mm.; width 0.55 mm.

Towa ?

604 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

This is quite an isolated species, which I am unable to compare
with any other, and which will be readily identifiable among
those of the present group by its elongate form. The male has
the last ventral concave at the middle, the last dorsal with an even
and moderately broad sinus, limited by broadly rounded angles,
the entire margin having a distinct beaded edge. The locality is
open to some doubt, but will probably be found to be correct as
surmised above.

R. arcifer.—Rather strongly ventricose, convex, and highly polished
throughout; rufo-testaceous, the head less pale and the abdomen blackish,
impunctate throughout, the pubescence moderately short and dense, coarse and
strongly recurved. Head distinctly narrower than the prothorax, with the
usual equilateral triangle of deep pubescent fovex, the eyes very prominent
and situated at obviously less than their own length from the base. <Antennx
long and slender, 3 as long as the body, the club gradually formed; second
joint relatively small, much shorter and narrower than the first, 24 longer than
wide; three to seven equal in width and obviously narrower, much elongated;
third 1, fourth just visibly more than 1, fifth nearly 114, sixth slightly more
than 1, and seventh 14, longer than wide; eighth slightly thickerand more as-
perate, properly forming a part of the club, quadrate ; ninth obtrapezoidal,
slightly elongate; tenth not quite as long as wide, slightly asymmetric, the
inner angle at apex more acute; eleventh not as long as the three preceding,
obliquely pointed, the inner side flattened toward base. Prothorax nearly 7%
wider than long, widest before the middle, the sides rounded but not partic-
ularly prominent; apex a little less than 14 the maximum width and not % as
wide as the base; surface strongly convex, the lateral fovere at basal 74; me-
dian fovea normal, perforate. E/ytra well developed, twice as wide as the pro-
thorax, slightly shorter than wide, the suture 1% longer than the humeral
width; sides distinctly divergent and broadly and distinctly arcuate; humeral
swelling distinct; striz and fovee normal. Abdomen shorter and quite dis-
tinctly narrower than the elytra, the first segment rather long and well devel-
oped, with the carinz straight, short and parallel, scarcely 4 as long as the
segment and separated by a little more than ]¥ of the total width. Legs rather
long, the intermediate femora notably swollen toward the middle. Length
1.5 mm.; width 0.68 mm.

Kansas.

The intermediate tibiz of the male are compressed and broadly
arcuate, except toward apex, the outer edge bristling with long
erect hairs; the last ventral is large and is evenly concave, with
the apex sinuate and bilobed, the last dorsal short and broadly
Sinuate at tip, apparently in circular arc, with rather clearly de-
fined subangular lateral limits. It is unnecessary to add that
this is one of the most distinct forms of the genus in its aberrant

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 605

male antennz and legs, and in its strongly marked abdominal
sexual characters.

R. taphrocera.—Rather strongly ventricose, convex, shining, black,
the elytra rufous; legs red-brown, the antenne dark red-brown; head toward
base, pronotum except along the middle and toward base, elytra and abdomen
toward tip, finely, feebly and sparsely punctulate; pubescence fine, short,
moderately dense and closely recurved. Head only very slightly narrower
than the prothorax, somewhat wider than long, the vertexal fovez widely
separated, deep and equidistant from base and apex; eyes moderately promin-
ent, situated at about 14 their length from the base. Antenne slightly longer
than the head and prothorax, the club gradually formed but large and stout;
portion beyond the second joint arcuate in repose; second joint large, excavated
beneath; third obtriangular, wider than long; fourth still wider, twice as wide
as long; fifth moderately dilated, suboval, slightly transverse; sixth equally
wide but shorter, parallel, #4 wider than long; seventh and eighth equal in
width and very slightly narrower, the former slightly wider than long and
longer than the sixth, the latter shorter, more pointed within, 24 wider than
long; ninth a little wider, evenly obtrapezoidal, 34 wider than long; tenth
evenly obtrapezoidal and about as long as wide; eleventh normal, obliquely
pointed, stout, about as long as the four preceding; the sixth and seventh joints
are irregular beneath, the latter with a deep irregular pit. Prothorax % wider
than long, widest but not very prominently rounded before the middle; sur-
face very convex, serially punctured along the basal margin for a short dis-
tance, the median fovea rather small but deep. Elytra well developed, slightly
shorter than wide, the suture }4 longer than the humeral width; sides rather
feebly divergent, broadly and distinctly arcuate throughout; humeral swelling
very moderate; strize and foveze normal. Abdomen nearly as wide as the elytra
and *% as long, the carinz of the first segment fine, strongly divergent, straight,
extending not quite to basal third and separated at base by 14 the entire
width. Legs rather slender, the hind tibize broadly arcuate throughout,
gradually clavate with circular cross-section toward tip. Length 1.2 mm.;
width 0.6 mm.

California (Monterey Co.).

This species was briefly referred to by me (Bull. Cal. Acad.
Sci., II, p. 195) as deformata Lec., and the antenna was figured
on the accompanying plate under the same name; it is a smaller
species than deformata, the latter differing besides in having the
second antennal joint larger and unexcavated beneath, the sixth
joint oblique and subtriangular, sixth and seventh slightly nar-
rower, equal in size and transverse and the eighth still smaller
but equally transverse, the elytra, also, broader at base with more

_developed humeri. The male of this species has the last ventral
moderately large, flattened but not impressed, and with a rounded

ANNALS N. Y. AcAD. Scr., IX, June, 1897.—40.

606 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

lobe at apex, the last dorsal broadly rounded with the tip feebly
sinuate. Deformata is a little more southern in its range.

R. falli.—Strongly convex and ventricose, shining,
black, the elytra bright rufous; legs piceous, the tibiz
slightly, the tarsi much, paler; antennz blackish; integu-
ments subimpunctate, the pronotum slightly sculptured
along the basal margin; pubescence silvery, rather abun-
A 2 dant, short, decumbent and closely recurved. Head
slightly narrower and longer than the prothorax,
the vertexal fovez deep, situated distinctly nearer the
base than the apex; eyes rather large, prominent, at
iy ee eee oF scarcely 14 their length from the base. Antenne ex-
Same of R. falli. 3, tremely modified, about as long as the head and protho-
Same of R. sagax. rax, the last joint very obliquely pointed; first joint large,

convex beneath; second much smaller, slightly transverse;
third and fourth small, wider than long; fifth large, as wideas the first, almost
equilatero-triangular; sixth a little wider than the fifth and much shorter,
strongly transverse; seventh extremely large and dilated, longer than the fifth
and twice as wide, asymmetrically obtrapezoidal, convex above; eighth small,
transverse, the club thence very gradually formed and nearly normal, the di-
lated joints profoundly complex beneath, the sixth with a narrow vertical lig-
ula, the seventh broadly excavated, with a slender spine arising obliquely and
inwardly from the basal margin, the excavation smooth and polished. Prothorax
unusually short, 144 wider than long, widest near the middle, the sides evenly
and not very prominently rounded; apex nearly % the maximum width and
34 as wide as the base; foveze normal. Elytra broad and ample, nearly 14 wider
than long; suture quite distinctly longer than the humeral width; sides mod-
erately divergent, arcuate toward tip; humeri large; striz and fovez normal.
Abdomen nearly as wide as the elytra but much shorter; carine fine, straight,
moderately divergent, fully #4 as long as the segment and separated at base
by a little more than 1g the total width. Legs rather long and slender, the
hind femora irregular, obtusely prominent beneath beyond the middle, the
upper face broadly emarginate in a cylindrical surface thence to the base, the
hind tibize long, slender, evenly arcuate throughout and but slightly thickened
toward tip. Length 1.25 mm.; width 0.65 mm.

California (Sta. Monica, Los Angeles Co.). Mr. H. C. Fall.

In this species the sexual modification of the antennal funicle
is carried to an extreme, and there are sexual modifications of
the basal joint also, and of the hind femora, which render it one
of the most isolated even of the widely differentiated California
Reichenbachiz. The second ventral segment is longer than the
entire remainder of the abdomen, and the last is only moderately
long, flattened slightly toward the middle and feebly, arcuately

Fig. A.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 607

lobed at tip, the last dorsal very short, broadly rounded and with
a feeble apical sinuation.

R. turgidicornis.—Strongly convex and ventricose, shining, subim-
punctate, the pronotum minutely, feebly and remotely punctulate ; body black,
the elytra pale rufous ; legs piceous-black, paler distally ; antennz black, the
first four joints paler ; pubescence short, strongly and closely recurved and
moderately dense. Head much narrower than the prothorax and about equally
long, the vertexal foveze moderate in size and about equidistant from base and
apex ; eyes prominent, moderately large, at much less than their own length
from the base. Antennz stout and very irregular, distinctly longer than the
head and prothorax, the club normal and very gradually formed ; basal joint
not unusually large; second but little narrower, nearly globular, the next two
still narrower, small and transverse ; fifth large, dilated, much wider than
long, gradually pointed within ; sixth shorter but very nearly as wide ; seventh
as wide and long as the fifth, less pointed within; eighth abruptly very much
smaller, transverse, pointed internally, the next two obtrapezoidal; under
surface of the fifth joint convex and scarcely modified, the sixth with a narrow
vertical ligula projecting from the basal margin, the seventh not excavated
but with the surface gradually and acutely elevated toward the middle of the
basal margin. Prothorax 2% wider than long, widest near apical third, the
sides there rather strongly but not prominently rounded, thence moderately
convergent and feebly arcuate to the base ; apex wide, 74 the maximum width
and 8% as wide as the base; foveze normal but only moderately developed.
Elytra short, at least 44 wider than long, more than twice as wide as the pro-
thorax, the humeri widely exposed at base and rounded, with distinct plica ;
sides moderately divergent and broadly arcuate; striz and fovez normal.
Abdomen a little narrower and much shorter than the elytra, the first segment
less than 14 as long and rather more than three times as wide as long ; carinz
rather feeble, nearly straight, strongly divergent, not extending to basal third
and separated at base by a little more than 1 the total width. Legs moderate
in length, slender, the femora unusually slender, the posterior not notably
modified ; hind tibize strongly arcuate throughout, feebly thickened toward
tip. Length 1.25 mm. ; width 0.68 mm.

California (Sta. Monica, Los Angeles Co.). Mr. H. ©, Fall.

Allied in the structure of the front and in other features to the
preceding species, but differing profoundly in the sexual modifica-
tions of the median joints of the antennal funicle and of the hind
femora. The male modification of the ventral apex is virtually
the same in both.

Sagaxz Lec., was also taken by Mr. Fall at Sta. Monica; a draw-
ing of the male antenna is given for comparison. The under
surface of thejlarge fourth joint is flattened and coarsely asperate ;
the club is rather roughly though not densely sculptured and
with unusually long and bristling pubescence.

608 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

R. binodifer.—Convex and rather
strongly ventricose, dark brown with
paler rufous elytra and legs, the antennze
infuscate; body subimpunctate through-
out, the pubescence short, subdecum-

; 2 ; ; bent and moderately abundant. Head
4 ive: 1B * distinctly narrower than the prothorax,
1. Male antenna of R. albionica; 2. with normal fovez, the eyes small but
same of FR. binodifer; 3. same of R.ar- very convex, at fully their own length
ticularis; 4. same of R. spatulifer; 5. from the base; antenne as shown in the
same of R. fusticornis; 6. same of R. :
nuonuneuee accompanying figure, the under surface
of the two dilated joints with small
acute tubercles bearing more prominent setze. Prothorax a little more than 14
as wide as the elytra, widest before the middle. rather transverse, the fovex
normal. ilytra about 14 wider than long, the sides broadly arcuate and
moderately divergent; humeri well developed; strize and fover normal. Ab-
domen nearly as wide as the elytra and fully % as long, the carine feebly ar-
cuate, strongly divergent, extending to basal 7% and separated by 14 the total
width. Length 1.4mm.; width 0.7 mm.

Vancouver Island.

The intermediate tibiz of the male are slightly thickened and
have a strong oblique spur projecting inwardly from near the tip,
the hind tibiz bent at the middleand thence strongly compressed,
dilated and excavated to the apex.

R. articularis.—Body nearly similar but a little shor‘er and more ven-
tricose, similarly subimpunctate, pubescent and polished, black, the elytra
dull rufous, the legs paler; antenne blackish, paler toward base. ead rela-
tively larger, almost as wide as the prothorax, the eyes small but very promi-
nent, at fully their own length from the base; antenne distinctly longer than
the head and prothorax, as shown in the figure, the under surface of joints
five and six asperate and sparsely clothed with dilated squamiform hairs.
Prothorax distinctly smaller and less transverse than in binodifer, rather less
than 14 as wide as the elytra, widest before the middle, the fovez normal.
Elytra and abdomen nearly as in binodifer, but with the strongly divergent
carine straight and extending almost to the middle of the disk, separated at
base by 14 of the total width. Length 1.4 mm.; width 0.73 mm.

Southern Colorado.
Allied closely to binodifer, but distinguished by the characters
stated; it inhabits the high mountainous regions of the State.

R. fusticornis.—Rather strongly ventricose and convex, polished, sub-
impunctate throughout, dark brown in color, the abdomen black ; elytra
bright red, the legs dark red-brown; antennz blackish toward tip; pubescence
very short and subdecumbent, not very abundant. Head almost as wide as the
prothorax, nearly as in the preceding species, the antennz as in the accom-

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 609

panying figure. Prothorax scarcely more than 1 wider than long and not
quite 14 as wide as the elytra, widest well before the middle, the fovee nor-
mal. iytra fully 1g wider than long, the humeri broadly exposed and well
developed ; sides moderately divergent and broadly arcuate. Abdomen nearly
as wide as the elytra and distinctly shorter, the carinz fully 14 as long as the
first segment, strongly divergent, straight and separated at apex by slightly
more, at base by a little less, than 1g the entire width. Length 1.25 mm.;
width 0.7 mm.

California (northern coast regions).

Closely allied to the preceding species and to albionica, but dis-
tinguished by the thick and nearly cylindrical antennz from the
fifth joint; the under surface of the enlarged outer joints is flat-
tened and roughly scabrous as far as the club.

R. spatulifer.—Body only slightly ventricose, convex, highly polished,
impunctate throughout, piceous-black, the elytra not paler or only feebly
tufescent ; antenne and legs blackish, the latter paler distally ; pubescence
short and decumbent, not very abundant. Head as wide as the prothorax,
normally foveate, the eyes small but prominent, at fully their own length from
the base ; antennz longer than the head and prothorax, as in the figure, the
under surface of joints five and six alone modified and more coarsely setulose.
Prothorax nearly %% wider than long, 14 as wide as the elytra, widest before the
middle, normally foveate, the lateral foveze deep. Elytra fully 1g wider than
long, only moderately developed at the humeri, the sides strongly divergent
and broadly arcuate, the usual striz and fovez distinct. Abdomen nearly as
wide and almost as long as the elytra, the first segment unusually elongate,
less than 214 times as wide as long, the carinz straight, 2 as long as the seg-
ment, only moderately divergent, separated at base by fully 1 the entire
width and at tip by much more. Length 1.2 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

Canada (Ottawa). Mr. W. H. Harrington.

as This species may be readily distinguished
t from the three preceding, and albionica, by its
Ss smaller size, blackish elytra with narrower hu-
aN meri and more divergent sides, and more elon-

ee Sy gate first segment of the abdomen.
: These four allies of albionica form with that
species a well-marked group, distinguished by
mee the spatulate and excavated hind tibiz of the
1. Male hind tibia male; it includes also propinqua, in which the
cime of Ralbioniea, tibial dilatation becomes much less distinct as
3. same of R. fusti- shown in the figure. The sexual characters at the

cornis; 4. sameof R. F = : tents
propinqua. abdominal apex are virtually similar through-
out, the last ventral being flattened slightly and lobed at apex,

|

610 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

and the last dorsal feebly sinuate at tip. In my opinion they
should be regarded as closely allied but true species and not
mere geographic subspecies. The representatives of albionica
before me are from Idaho (Ceur d’Alene) and Washington State,
those of propinqua from Michigan and Massachusetts (Lowell).

NISAXIS Csy.

The species of this genus are smaller as a rule than in Reichen-
bachia, and can readily be distinguished by the complete oblitera-
tion of the vertexal fovezx, and the median of the three basal fovez
of the elytra; the abdominal carine are as widely separated as in
Decarthron, but are shorter and more feebly developed. The
four components in my cabinet belong to two distinct groups and
may be separated as follows :—

Male with the third dorsal segment broadly flattened, the median parts toward
apex feebly tumid and bearing long erect sete.
Elytra of the male less abbreviated, the abdominal carine scarcely 14 as
long as the segment ; pubescence abundant and conspicuous.
tomentosa Aubé
Elytra decidedly shorter than wide and more arcuate at the sides; abdominal
carinz generally a little longer ; body smaller, with the pubescence less
EO WHEL ENON ReosonodoodscoubnocootoDdobagCoDEO DSK oLHoDHoHdooodoones subsp. cincinnata Csy.
Male with the second dorsal profoundly excavated in nearly median half, the
excavation very irregular and with complex modifications.
Head large, subequal in width to the prothorax. Maritime regions of Texas.
maritima Csy.
Head much narrower than the prothorax. Missouri valley regions.
parviceps nt. sp.

The last species of the table may be thus described from the
male :—

N. parviceps.—Elongate, subparallel and only moderately convex, pale
and uniform rufo-testaceous and polished throughout ; elytra coarsely, sparsely
and obsoletely variolato-punctulate, the remainder impunctate ; pubescence
moderate in length, coarse, recurved and rather sparse. Head scarcely *¢ as
wide as the prothorax, the front near the feeble antennal prominences very
slightly impressed and subpunctate ; eyes rather large but only slightly promi-
nent, at less than their own length from the base. Antennz barely as long as
the head and prothorax, the club gradually formed and rather stout ; second
joint but little smaller than the first ; three to seven equal in thickness and
narrower, the third obconic and distinctly longer than wide ; eighth slightly
transverse ; ninth distinctly and tenth moderately, transverse. Prothorax re-
latively large, 14 wider than long, widest and prominently though evenly
rounded at the sides before the middle; apex scarcely 14 the maximum width

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 611

and % as wide as the base ; surface strongly convex, the fovez all nude, the
lateral small and feeble, the median still smaller but distinct. Elytra short,
2< wider than long, 14 wider than the prothorax, the suture 14 longer than the
latter and 7 longer than the first dorsal ; sides broadly arcuate ; sutural stria
arcuate, the discal extending but little behind the middle. Abdomen not quite
as long or wide as the elytra, the first segment less than twice as wide as long,
feebly convex, the carinz subparallel, separated by 14 the total width and ex-
tending to the middle or nearly so. Legs slender, moderately long. Length
1.28 mm.; width 0.52 mm.

Nebraska.

The first dorsal of the male is deflexed in the middle of the
apical margin, the deflexed lobe transversely excavated and bear-
ing at apex a small nude slender and erect tubercle, the surface of
the tip above the excavation with two small feeble setose tumors.
The second segment is transversely and deeply excavated, the
hind margin reflexed, lamellate and setose in the middle. The
third has two small distant median tubercles, each of which bears
a stiff erect seta. Remainder of the dorsum unmodified. The
last ventral is very short as usual and has a short acute reflexed
apical lobe. The modifications of the tergum are quite similar to
those of maritima, differing principally in degree.

Tomentosa and cincinnata are very closely allied but appear
to me to be at least subspecifically distinct; they have nearly
identical male sexual characters, but so also do maritima and
parviceps, and yet these last are mutually widely separated in
very numerous characters, such as the larger size, more elongate
form, smaller head and very much shorter and more transverse
elytra of the latter.

ANCHYLARTHRON Bndl.

The form described below from the male is closely allied to
cornutum in the sexual modifications of the head and antenne,
but differs profoundly in general habitus, the hind body being
much shorter and more dilated and the elytra very much more
abbreviated ; the pubescence, also, is decidedly longer. _

A. curtipenne n. sp.—Strongly ventricose and convex, polished and
subimpunctate throughout ; body, legs and antenne dark rufo-testaceous, the
elytra scarcely paler ; pubescence conspicuous, rather long, pale in color, mod-
erately abundant and recurved. Head distinctly narrower but only slightly
longer than the prothorax, subquadrate, the eyes at the middle of the sides,
rather small, moderately prominent and very coarsely faceted ; basal parts of the
vertex elevated obliquely forward in two rounded prominences, separated by less

612 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

than 14 the total width, the upper surface anterior to this large and nearly flat to
the frontal declivity, with two small tufts of erect sete at the middle, the
surface very feebly swollen along the median line at the middle and very
broadly and feebly impressed near each antennal prominence, the latter feeble.
Antenne nearly as in cornutum, but relatively more elongate, much longer
than the prothorax and elytra combined, the sixth joint longer than either
of those adjacent. Prothorax scarcely 14 wider than long, widest and rather
prominently rounded before the middle; apex more than 144 the maximum
width and fully *4 as wide as the base; surface strongly convex, smooth,
sculptured along the base, the lateral foveze small, the median subobso-
lete, all nude. lytra short; nearly 34 wider than long, fully twice as
wide as the prothorax ; sides strongly divergent and distinctly arcuate from
base to apex, the humeral swelling moderate; disk without strize or fovez, ex-
cept the sutural line, which is straight, deep and entire. Abdomen about as
wide as the elytra and a little longer, the basal segment broadly rounded at —
apex and not quite three times as wide as long ; carine short, subparallel and
very remotely separated. Legs slender. Length 1.6 mm.; width 0.75 mm.

Iowa.

In the male of cornutum the body is narrower, much less ven-
tricose, flavo-testaceous in color, with the antennz but slightly
longer than the prothorax and elytra, and the latter scarcely more
than 3 wider than long; the subbasal lobes of the head are flatter
and more broadly rounded, and the pubescence shorter and stiffer.

The following species is evidently congeneric with curtipenne
and cornutum, though much smaller, and is possibly the form
alluded to by Dr. Brendel (Bull. Univ. Iowa, II, p. 4).

A. Caviceps n. sp.—Ventricose, convex, highly polished and impunc-
tate throughout; body, legs and antenne rather pale rufo-testaceous, the elytra
darker, piceo-rufous; pubescence moderately long and coarse, rather sparse and
strongly recurved. Head a little narrower than the prothorax and distinctly
longer, fully as long as wide, the eyes somewhat small, convex, and situated
atrather more than their own length from thebase. Antennx distinctly longer
than the head and prothorax, moderately stout, the club very gradual in for-
mation, the last joint relatively larger and longer than in Reichenbachia, and
as long as the preceding four combined; second joint distinctly smaller than
the first, cylindric and slightly elongate; third narrower, as long as the second,
strongly obconic; fourth as long and broad as the first, elongate-oval, impressed
internally near the middle and base, witnout trace of dividing suture; five to
seven smaller, subequal and subquadrate; eighth and ninth wider, obtrape-
zoidal, increasing in size, nearly similar in form and about twice as wide as
long. Prothorax nearly 144 wider than long, widest and somewhat prominently
rounded at about the middle; apex more than 144 the maximum width and
fully 34 as wide as the base; disk strongly convex, smooth but strongly sculp-
tured along the basal margin; lateral foveze small, the median still smaller, all
nude. L£lytra fully 1g wider than long, twice as wide as the prothorax, the

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 613

sides strongly divergent and broadly arcuate from the base, the humeral
swelling moderate; disk feebly, longitudinally impressed toward base within
the humeri, but without basal foveze or discal stria, the sutural stria deep and
entire. Abdomen as wide as the elytra and only slightly shorter, the basal seg-
ment broadly arcuate at apex, 244 times as wide as long, with the carinze
scarcely more than 4 as long, feebly arcuate, parallel and separated by fully
44 the total width. Legs slender, the femora only feebly dilated; hind tibize
broadly arcuate, feebly swollen and pubescent within toward tip. Length 1.35
mm.; width 0.65 mm.

Florida (Lake Worth).

The head in the males of this genus, as wellas Pselaptus, is as
singularly modified as in Batrisus. In the present species the oc-
cipital region is feebly convex, smooth and gradually ascending to
a transverse, broadly bilobed truncature at the middle of the
length, this being the posterior limit of a very deep excavation
extending entirely across the head between the eyes, and, posteri-
orly, far under the occipital surface, the bottom swollen in the
middle, the tumor bearing two suberect pointed and setose tubercles
extending upward to about the level of the posterior margin of
the excavation, the two broadly rounded lobes of the latter with
inflexed yellow setz disposed along the edge. The antennal
tubercles are rather large and are lamellarly prominent within, the
tip of the prominence setose, the two separated by a longitudinal
depression carrying the bottom of the transverse excavation for-
ward to the rapidly sloping front. The clypeal margin is rounded
and minutely reflexed. The ventral apex is not greatly modified,
the sixth segment being broadly truncate in a straight line having
subangulate and slightly prominent lateral limits, this apical line
being also very slightly reflexed in plane.

The generic name Anchylarthron does not seem to be preoccu-
pied, and cannot therefore be changed; it is moreover more ap-
propriate than “ Verticinotus.”

Notr.—In the male of Pselaptus belfragei Lec., the vertex is broadly con-
cave in the middle from the line through the middle of the eyes to the frontal
margin, the concavity being about 14 as wide as the head, with rounded and
indefinitely limited margins and having at the central point of the bottom a
small and transverse, very feebly elevated and somewhat setose swelling. The
antennal cavities at the sides of the front are prolonged inward dorsally behind
the prominences in a very remarkable manner, separated dorsally by about a
seventh of the entire width of the head and surrounded by a minutely but
strongly elevated bead-like margin, the concave channel separating them lon-
gitudinally being a continuation of the bottom of the large concavity of the

614 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

vertex. The front between the large inferior parts of the antennal cavities is
narrowed and tumid along the middle, descending and expanding to the
clypeal margin, which is broadly arcuate. The basal joint of the antennz is
as long as the next two combined, and the eyes are large, very prominent and
very coarsely faceted. The under surface of the head has three narrow but
very strongly elevated longitudinal carine, one median and one immediately
beneath each eye. The legs are very slender, the femora thicker than the
tibiz but not dilated. This very minute bryaxid occurs from central Texas
to Yuma, in California, but is not common.

BYTHININI.

BYTHINUS Leach.

The name Macherodes, proposed by Brendel for the few Ameri-
can representatives of this essentially European genus, cannot
hold good in the opinion of the writer, and the change of the name
bythinotdes to tychoides, made by the author referred to in his re-
cent monograph, is not generally considered allowable by zodlogi-
cal authors, such names as Bythinus bythinoides being considered
acceptable under the adopted rules of nomenclature, and there-
fore demanded by the rules of priority. The three species of
Bythinus in my cabinet inhabit the eastern parts of the United
States exclusively, and may be distinguished as follows :—

Basal parts of the head strongly carinate along the median line.
carinatus Bndl.
Basal parts not carinate; body much smaller.

Pubescence coarse, rather long and sparse (tychoides Bndl. )

bythinoides Bndl.

Pubescence shorter, finer and about twice as dense......... caroline n. sp.

In the first species the head of the male is tumid and carinate
along the median line for some distance further toward tip than in
the female, and, between the anterior limit of the elevation and
the acutely angulate frontal margin, there is a perfectly smooth
and highly polished depression, containing a trapezium of four
elevated setigerous punctures. I have not noticed analogous
sexual differences in the second section of the table.

B. carolinze.—Convex and rather strongly ventricose, polished, dark
rufo-testaceous in color, the head somewhat, and the abdomen quite notice-
ably, darker; legs, antenne and palpi still paler; pubescence quite abundant
and conspicuous, pale in color and strongly recurved. Head fully as wide as
long, much narrower than the prothorax, the eyes moderately small and sub-
basal; surface throughout with large sparse and concave annular elevations with
minute granuliform pubiferous punctules scattered sparsely over the inter-

Alin ahd
i ‘

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 615

spaces; general form as in bythinoides, the antenne and palpi also nearly as in
that species. Prothorax scarcely more than 1g wider than long, widest near
anterior third, the sides moderately convergent and nearly straight thence to
the base; surface convex, with large sparse circular and almost completely
effaced areole and minute, scattered granuliform punctules, the transverse
posteriorly arcuate subbasal furrow distinct. Elytra very nearly as long as wide,
the sides feebly divergent, evenly and strongly arcuate from base to apex, the
humeri distinctly swollen; sutural stria strong; surface with minute and sub-
asperate punctures. Abdomen distinctly narrower and much shorter than the
elytra, the dorsal segments short, subequal in length but diminishing rapidly
in width. Jegsslender. Length 1.1 mm.; width 0.53 mm.

North Carolina (Asheville).

The second palpal joint is studded with large tubercles, and the
last joint is densely and very regularly clothed with fine, perfectly
erect hairs throughout. The single specimen before me is a male,
the last ventral segment being moderate in length, not impressed
but parabolically rounded at tip.

Pselaptrichus of Brendel, is extremely closely allied to Bythinus
and should perhaps more properly be regarded as a subgenus,
the elongation of the basal segment of the abdomen being but
slight.

TYCHUS Leach.

Of the two species described below, the first is allied to mtnor
and the second rather remotely to puberulus.

T. pocahontas n. sp.—Rather slender, stronely convex, pale rufo-tes-
taceous throughout, the elytra slightly clearer red and the legs and apical part
of the antennz more flavate; pubescence rather abundant, long, coarse, pale
and recurved; integuments highly polished and impunctate throughout. Head
slightly narrower than the prothorax and rather longer than wide, the double
apical tubercle about 7% the maximum width; eyes well developed, convex,
subbasal and very prominent; surface strongly, evenly convex in little more
than basal half, then declivous to the transverse depression which is situated
at about apical third; longitudinal sulcus of the frontal tubercle rather fine
and deep; small nude punctiform foveze remotely separated at the middle of
the length, each immediately behind a large feeble tubercle having a minute
acute apex; antennz 14 as long as the body, nearly asin minor, the ninth and
tenth joints Jess transverse and only slightly wider than long. Prothorax very
nearly as long as wide, widest and subangularly rounded before the middle,
the sides nearly straight and feebly convergent posteriorly; apex narrow, 7 of
the maximum width and scarcely more than 14 as wide as the base; surface
convex and even, with a series of small punctures along the basal margin.
Elytra slightly shorter than wide, fully twice as wide as the prothorax, convex,
the sides moderately divergent, more arcuate behind; humeral swelling narrow

616 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

but strong; discal stria distinct in basal half, the sutural strong. Abdomen
slightly shorter and narrower than the elytra, the first segment deeply im-
pressed along the basal margin from side to side, the sulcus interrupted by two
cariniform bridges, separated by a little more than 1 of the total width. Legs
rather long and slender. Length 1.4 mm.; width 0.55 mm.

Virginia (Norfolk).

This species is narrower than minor, with slightly longer;
denser and more conspicuous pubescence and with the head nar-
rower, more elongate and less rapidly narrowed to the frontal
tubercle. In minor the transverse depression behind the tubercle
is near apical fourth, and, between the minute nude fovee and
each antennal tubercle, there is an extremely minute spicule, situ-
ated slightly nearer the tubercle than the fovea and arising from
the general surface without trace of a tuberculiform swelling.
The description and comparisons are drawn from the female.

T. hexagonmus n. sp.—Moderately ventricose, strongly convex, polished
and impunctate, dark piceous when mature but frequently paler ; elytra, legs
and antennz always pale rufo-testaceous ; pubescence long, bristling and sub-
erect, rather abundant and conspicuous. Head small, very much narrower
and rather shorter than the prothorax, somewhat longer than wide, the base
rounded in circular arc behind the eyes, which are moderately developed and
prominent ; surface convex, the subfrontal transverse impression situated just
behind apical fourth ; frontal tubercles distinctly less than 144 the maximum
width, separated by a fine sulcus which angularly expands anteriorly ; puncti-
form foveze remotely separated, situated slightly behind the middle and exceed-
ingly minute, the spicules apparently subobsolete; antennz not quite 14 as long
as the body, the basal joint long and cylindric, twice as long as the second and
almost as long as the next three combined, the second cylindric and obviously
elongate; three outer joints gradually larger; tenth nearly 14 wider than long.
Prothorax hexagonal, about as long as wide, widest and angularly rounded at
the middle, the sides thence straight to apex and base, strongly convergent
toward the former ; apex narrow, % of the maximum width and 44 as wide
as the base; surface smooth and convex, with a coarse elongate furrow at each
side and a small fovea at the middle, all basal; basal margin also witha
single series of small punctures. Eilytra slightly shorter than wide, fully twice
as wide as the prothorax ; suture much longer than the humeral width ; sides
rather strongly divergent and broadly arcuate; humeral prominences pro-
nounced ; surface convex, the discal stria coarse and deep, extending slightly
behind the middle, the sutural deep and broadly arcuate. Abdomen slightly
narrower and distinctly shorter than the elytra ; first segment slightly longer,
as usual, transversely rectilinear aj apex, impressed along the basal margin,
the impression clothed with very short, subsquamiform, recurved setz. Legs
moderate in length, the femora somewhat inflated, the two anterior pairs
shorter and much less stout than the posterior. Length 1.4 mm.; width
0.6 mm.

al si
;
-

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 617

California (Ojai). Mr. H. C. Fall.

Although to be placed near puberulus for the present, this
species bears but little resemblance, differing completely in the
form of the prothorax. The anterior trochanters of the male type
before me are acutely spiculate posteriorly near the base, but there
are no pronounced sexual characters at the ventral apex, the last
segment being truncate at tip and having a very small median
sinus limited by rather pronounced and somewhat prominent ob-
tuse angles.

CTENISTINI.
PILOPIUS n. gen.
Clenistes Lec. nec Reich. ; Sognorus Csy. nec Reitter.

The American species formerly placed in Ctenistes by LeConte,
and later in Sognorus by the writer (Col. Not. V,p. 501), must in
reality form a new genus distinct from either. Sognorus was
founded by Reitter upon three species of very small size, Ctenistes
oberthiirt and calearatus of Europe and Syria and simonis of
West Africa, the latter of which I now have before me. It differs
from Ctenistes, not only in the minute size of the body and cer-
tain small divergencies in antennal and abdominal structure, but
also in the rudimentary and not well developed appendage of the
second palpal joint. Pilopius differs from Sognorus in having the
second palpal joint extremely bent and clavate, with a well-de-
veloped lateral appendage and the third transversely sublunate,
the second and third ventrals not much longer than the fourth and
the first four visible dorsals equal in length, also in the much
larger size of the body and in having the male antenne very dif-
ferent in structure, the funicular joints being longer and the club
3-jointed. From the genus Ctenisodes, recently published by
Raffray (Ann. Soc. Fr., LXV, p. 274), it differs in having no
distinct trace of an angulation or spiniform appendage at the apex
of the fourth palpal joint.

In Sognorus the second palpal joint is much less bent and more
gradually enlarged distally, the third forming a very acute scalene
triangle, and the second and third ventrals, or first and second
apparent dorsals, are much longer than the remainder; the an-
tennz of the male have the joints three to seven very small and
moniliform, and the last four very much developed as in Ctenistes
and Ctenisis. Sognorus seems to be merely a subgenus of Ctenis-

618 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

tes, but Pilopius differs too radically in abdominal structure to be
given a subordinate status,

The genus Pilopius is widely distributed over the continent of
North America, occurring in every part, except the true Pacific
coast faunal province, and is rich in species, but as there are but
few and slight structural divergencies, the latter are difficult to
define. The sexual characters are strongly marked in the antennz
and eyes and in the relative size of the elytra and abdomen, but
are nearly uniform throughout, and the ventral characters of the
male are feeble and practically undiversified. The stiff erect setze
bristling along the lower edge of the anterior femora and tro-
chanters, are equally developed in both sexes in much the same
manner as the distortion of the anterior tibize of Tmesiphorus ;
these setze exist also in the latter genus, but in Cedius are replaced
by three long slender spines.

There seems to be but little doubt that the species of Ctinistini,
though much larger in size as a rule, are lower in the scale of or-
ganization than the first tribes of the Raffrayan arrangement,
such as the Euplectini, this being quite as obvious as in the case
of the large and cumbrous Asidinz of the Tenebrionidz, when
compared with the more highly organized, or perhaps geologically
more recent and corporeally smaller, Thinobatini and other re-
lated tribes.

In the following table of species which seem to warrant defini-
tion, all the characters relate to the male alone, except in the case
of impressipennis, of which the only known example is a female.
Small species, always distinctly under 2 mm. in length.

Vestiture rather sparse ; last antennal joint as long as the three preceding

combined or nearly so.
Tenth antennal joint not at all longer than wide ; body stout, the elytra
nearly as long as wide ; prothorax rather large and transverse ; species

northern in habitat.
Antenne only moderately stout toward tip, the sixth joint as long as the

fifth or somewhat longer.................ssescecececcesceees lacustris pb. sp.
Antenne very stout toward tip, the sixth joint a little shorter than
either of those adjoining..............cscecsescovsserssees Saginatus n. sp.

Tenth antennal joint more or less distinctly elongate.

Median depression of the pronotum extending to or beyond the middle
of the disk ; elytra long, with strongly diverging sides, much longer
than the head and prothorax combined............. georgianus n. sp.

Median depression never extending as far as the middle of the pronotal

disk.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 619

Body stout, generally dark in color, sometimes with paler elytra and
always with the abdomen black or blackish.
Prothorax feebly transverse, never at all more than 14 as wide as
the elytra ; species northern in habitat.

Fifth antennal joint small, only slightly longer than wide, shorter
than the fourth; hind tibize swollen in apical third and
Scarcelyabialls bemb ects cscaseccesacecsecekien oueneeccesees piceus Lec.

Fifth joint more developed, a little longer than the fourth ; hind
tibize swollen and gradually bent in scarcely more than apical
fourth ; elytra less abbreviated.................. Lowensis n. sp.

Prothorax larger and more transverse, much more than 14 as wide
as the elytra ; foveze of the vertex less widely separated.

Antenne rather stout, distinctly incrassate toward tip, the tenth
joint only very little longer than wide....gramicollis n. sp.

Antenne slender, very feebly incrassate toward tip ; the tenth
joint decidedly elongate........,......-...0.+++ floridanus nt. sp.

Body narrower, pale in color throughout, the abdomen never blackish.
Elytra nearly as long as wide, rather longer than the head and pro-
thorax combined ; eyes large, separated by but little more than
twice their own width.............s....0..0:- Zimmermanni Lee.
Elytra shorter and transverse, obviously shorter than the head and
prothorax ; eyes much smaller ; body small in size and still

more slender.

The elytra evenly convex toward the flanks..cinderella n. sp.

The elytra obliquely impressed on the upper surface at the middle
of the length between the discal groove and upper limit of the
flame ereas sis asus sawntiaivs tecinseiseezeceazces impressipennis n. sp.

Vestiture quite dense ; last antennal joint much shorter than the three pre-
ceding combined ; eyes separated by decidedly more than twice their own
width ; elytra about as long as the head and prothorax. Middle Atlantic
SUBST: bocect beck sandoedo cen eUnHoseb aeodeaceconsbssnoBecEOSboEN sede consobrinus Lec.

Larger species, 2mm. or more in length. Sonoran faunal province.

Antennal funicle very slender and filiform.

Eyes relatively small, separated by nearly four times their own width.
pulvereus Lec.
Eyes very large, separated by but little more than twice their own width.
ocularis Csy.

Antennal funicle very stout ; elytra larger, more rapidly and rectilinearly
narrowed from near the apex to the base...................++- abruptus Csy.

There are two or three other species in my cabinet, represented
by females only, which cannot be properly described at present.

P. lacustris.—Stout and rather convex, dark rufo-testaceous, the elytra,
legs and antenne paler; abdomen blackish; integuments polished, scarcely punc-
tulate, the pubescence moderate in length, rather sparse, appressed as usual
and subsquamiform, especially at the elytral apices and in the dense masses
filling the pronotal impressions and transverse impression at the base of the first

620 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

dorsal segment. Head a little wider than long, quite distinctly narrower than
the prothorax; eyes large, very coarsely faceted and separated by a little less
than three times their own width; fovez forming a small equilateral triangle;
constriction at the base of the frontal tubercle more than 14 as wide as the lat-
ter. Antenne nearly as long as the head, prothorax and elytra, moderately
stout, feebly incrassate toward tip, the fifth joint elongate, a little longer than
the fourth but shorter than the sixth; tenth much shorter than the ninth, the
eighth quadrate. Prothorar nearly 44 wider than long, about 14 as wide as the
elytra; sides parallel to apical third or fourth, then abruptly convergent and
sinuate; apex broad, truncate, almost 34 as wide as the base; median fovea very
deep and large, extending beyond the middle. lytra large and well devel-
oped, almost as long as wide, the sides strongly divergent and nearly straight,
becoming arcuate near the tip; humeri broadly rounded and slightly promi-
nent; two basal foveze of each pubescent as usual, the discal groove deep and
strong, entire, the sutural distinct, close to the suture. Abdomen about as wide
as the elytra and much shorter, the segments equal and the lateral border wide,
feebly inclined and discontinuous in external outline as usual. Legs long
and slender, the tarsi very short but slender. Length 1.7-1.8 mm; width
0.72-0.8 mm.

Michigan; Indiana; Northern Illinois; Iowa (Iowa City).

This is the common species of the upper Mississippi Valley and
vicinity of the Great Lakes. It is usualiy confounded with piceus,
but may be distinguished by its more elongate and pale rufous
elytra. In the female the elytra are a trifle shorter, and much less
than twiee as wide as the prothorax, the eyes smaller, separated by
fully four times their own width, and the antenne shorter and
more strongly and rapidly incrassate toward tip as usual; they
are about 4 as long as the body.

P. saginatus.—Stout and moderately convex, shining and pale rufo-tes-
taceous throughout the body, legs and antennz, except the abdomen which is
blackish-piceous, subimpunctate, the pubescence nearly as in Jacustris. Head
distinctly wider than long and but just visibly narrower than the prothorax,
the eyes large and very prominent, separated by three times their own width;
fovez small, deep and not very conspicuous, especially the apical, forming a
small equilateral triangle; post-tubercular constriction 34 as wide as the tuber-
cle; frontal longitudinal groove distinct and long. Antenne long and stout, as
long as the body excepting the abdomen, becoming gradually very stout to-
ward tip; fifth joint moderately elongate, as long as the fourth, slightly shorter
than the sixth and very much shorter than the third; tenth distinctly shorter
than the ninth, scarcely as longas wide. Prothorax 14 wider than long, rather
wider and subprominently rounded at apical third than at base, a little more
than 14 as wide as the elytra; apex broad and transverse; median fovea long,
extending to the middle but only moderately deep. Elytra slightly shorter
than wide, the sides moderately divergent and nearly straight from the obtusely
prominent humeral swelling, arcuate at apex; striz strong and deep, the

Coleopteroloqical Notices, VII. 621

sutural straight and approximate. Abdomen as wide as the elytra and much
shorter, nearly as in lacustris. Length 1.75-1.8 mm.; width 0.75 mm.

Canada (Ottawa—Mr. W. H. Harrington); Rhode Island
(Boston Neck).

Allied rather closely to the preceding but distinguished from it
by the stouter and more incrassate antenne, slightly shorter and
more convex elytra, especially in the female, with the humeral
swelling very much more pronounced and the sides consequently
much less divergent. As in lacustris the female differs in its
shorter and more incrassate antenne, smaller eyes, larger and more
transverse prothorax, nearly 2 as wide as the elytra, in its much
shorter elytra with more diverging sides, somewhat less promi-
nent humeri, and, as apparently usual in the genus, shorter discal
stria and relatively larger abdomen, this being fully as long as the
elytra from a perpendicular viewpoint. The last antennal joint
of the female is fully as long as the four preceding combined.

As usual, the ventral segments of the male diminish but slightly
in length from base to apex, in marked contrast to the Bryaxini,
and the last is but little longer than the penultimate, with a small
rounded sinus at tip enclosing a minute horizontal pygidium.

P. seorgianus.—Rather stout and convex, shining, subimpunctate, the
body, legs and antennze throughout rufo-testaceous, the abdomen blackish;
vestiture rather sparse, appressed, rather longer and less squamiform than
usual, pale luteous-white and conspicuous. Head not distinctly narrower
than the prothorax, slightly wider than long, the eyes very large and promi-
nent, separated by scarcely three times their own width; frontal longitudinal
furrow long and distinct, the fovee normal, the apical the smallest of the
three. Antenne long and rather slender, fully as long as the head, prothorax
and elytra combined, the funicle only slightly incrassate distally, the last
joint fully as long as the three preceding, slightly swollen and obliquely
pointed toward tip and almost twice as wide as thé tenth; fifth joint much
elongated, rather longer than the fourth, distinctly longer than the sixth
and only a little shorter than the third; tenth distinctly elongate and as
long as the ninth. Prothorax relatively rather small, 14 wider than long,
parallel, narrowed near the apex, the latter broad and transverse; median
fovea extending rather beyond the middle. lytra large and well developed,
almost fully as long as wide, much longer than the head and prothorax and
rather more than twice as wide as the latter, the sides somewhat strongly
divergent and nearly straight from the moderately developed humeral swell-
ing, broadly arcuate in apical half, the apex somewhat narrower than the ante-
apical width; strize normal. Mtaonen barely as wide as the eiytra and much
shorter. Length 1.75 mm.; width 0.73 mm.

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., 1X, July, 1897.—41.

622 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

Georgia.

The unusually small head and prothorax, large elytra and pale
coloration distinguish this species from piceus,and, from the two
preceding species, it may be known immediately by the antennal
structure. A single male.

P. piceus of LeConte, is represented in my cabinet only from
Pennsylvania, and is apparently confined to the northern mari-
time provinces of the Atlantic coast fauna. It is, when mature,
of a dark rufo-piceous tint with the usual black abdomen of this
section of the genus, and is identifiable by its short and decidedly
transverse elytra, even in the male, and by the small fifth antennal
joint of that sex, this being notably shorter than either of those
which adjoin it; the antenne are rather shorter than in any of
the three preceding species. The prothorax is but little wider
than long and is narrowed anteriorly from near the middle, differ-
ing in this respect from those most closely allied, and the vertexal
fovese are more widely separated than usual.

P. iowensis.—Nearly similar in form and coloration to granicollis,
the antenne less pale and the pronotum smooth, highly polished and devoid
of granuliform punctures; pubescence sparse. Head only slightly wider than
long, about as wide as the prothorax, the eyes large and convex. Antennx not
quite as long as the head, prothorax and elytra, only moderately and very
gradually incrassate toward tip, the tenth joint distinctly elongate and equal
to the ninth. Prothorax not {more than % wider than long and 14 as wide as
the elytra, parallel, narrowed only very near the apex, which is broad and
transversely truncate; surface convex, the median fovea large, broadly im-
pressed and scarcely extending through basal 7% of the length. Elytra ample,
slightly shorter than wide; humeral swelling only moderately pronounced, the
sides thence quite moderately divergent and broadly, evenly arcuate to the
apex; surface rather convex, highly polished and smooth, the striz normal, the
discal subentire becoming stongly and inwardly arcuate toward tip. Ab-
domen about as wide as the elytra and distinctly shorter, polished and sculp-
tureless. Length 1.7 mm.; width 0.72 mm.

Towa (Keokuk).

Differs from granicollis in its shorter antenne, smaller, less
transverse and smooth prothorax, in the form of the discal stria
of the elytra and smoother and more polished integuments; from
piceus, it may be distinguished by the characters of the table.

P. granicollis.—Moderately stout and convex, piceo-rufous, the abdo-
men blackish, impunctate except the pronotum, which is sparsely granulose;
pubescence as in the preceding species. Head well developed, much wider

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 623

than long and nearly as wide as the prothorax; eyes large. Antennz fully as
long as the body excepting the abdomen, pale rufous throughout, only moder-
ately inerassate toward tip, the tenth joint but little longer than wide and
somewhat shorter than the ninth. Protherax well developed, fully 14 wider
than long, distinctly more than 14 as wide as the elytra, narrowed only near
the apex; median fovea not extending quite to the middle. Elytra only
slightly shorter than wide, the sides rather strongly divergent from the broadly
and moderately swollen humeri, becoming arcuate toward tip; strize coarse,
the discal expanding and disappearing before the apex. Abdomen a little nar-
rower and much shorter than the elytra. Length 1.7-1.8 mm.; width 0.7-
0.8 mm.

New York (Willets Point, Long Island).

_ The female is much larger and stouter than the male described
above, with the antennz 3 as long as the body, the eyes smaller,
the foveze more widely separated, the prothorax relatively a little
smaller and with more obsolete sculpture, the elytra shorter, trans-
verse, with more rapidly diverging and straighter sides and the
abdomen very broad with arcuate sides, wider than the elytra and
fully as long. It may be distinguished from piceus by the larger
head, larger, granulose and more transverse prothorax and less ab-
breviated elytra.

P. floridanus.—Rather stout, the upper surface only moderately con-
vex, Subimpunctate and rather shining throughout ; body, legs and antennz
dark rufo-testaceous, the abdomen black ; vestiture appressed, moderate in
length, coarse, pale, somewhat abundant and distinct. Head about as wide as
the prothorax, slightly wider than long, the eyes large and very prominent,
separated by about 214 times their own width ; fovee normal. Antennx long
and rather slender, only just visibly incrassate toward tip, a little longer than
the head, prothorax and elytra combined ; eleventh joint fully three times as
long as wide ; tenth elongate and equal to the ninth. Prothorax nearly 14
wider than long, parallel, abruptly narrowed only very near the apex, the
latter very broadly and transversely truncate ; surface minutely, feebly and
sparsely asperato-punctulate ; fovez normal. Elytra well developed, as long
as the head and prothorax and obviously less than twice as wide as the latter,
nearly as long as wide ; humeral swelling scarcely at all prominent, the sides
strongly divergent almost from the base and nearly straight, becoming broadly
arcuate in apical half ; striz: moderate, the discal not attaining the apex and
only feebly arcuate. Abdomen as wide as the elytra but much shorter.
Length 1.75 mm.; width 0.7 mm.

Florida.

This species is rather closely allied to granicollis, but differs in
the much less thickened apical parts of the antenne, smoother
pronotum and more broadly squamiform vestiture of the ventral
segments. I have not seen the female.

624 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

In the male of P. zimmermanni Lec., the body is very de-
cidedly narrower, as well as smaller, than in any of those which
precede, and is pale in color throughout including the abdomen ;
the vestiture is sparse but rather long, and is appressed as usual,
the hairs stout but scarcely squamiform. The antenne are quite
slender, but the eleventh joint becomes twice as wide as the
second; the ninth and tenth joints are elongate, subequal and de-
cidedly longer than any of the preceding. The prothorax is
barely as wide as the head, somewhat transverse and rather more
than 4 as wide as the elytra. In my previous table of this genus

(Col. Not. V, p. 501), the antennal characters should refer to the
female and not to the male; in the latter sex the last joint is
barely as long as the preceding three combined as usual. The
specimens in my cabinet are from Louisiana.

P. cinderella.—Rather slender and moderately convex, polished and
impunctate throughout; body, legs and antenne pale rufo-testaceous in color,
the abdomen barely distinguishably less clear; pubescence rather abundant,
appressed as usual, only moderate in length but subsquamiform and distinct.
Head and prothorax relatively rather large, equal in width, the former slightly
wider than long, the eyes only moderately large but convex and prominent,
separated by a little more than three times their own width; fovez small,
equal, forming a small equilateral triangle; antennal tubercles moderate in
width, the longitudinal sulcus subobsolete. Antenne slender; joints three to
seven elongate, the remainder missing in the type. Prothorax nearly 34 wider
than long, only slightly more than 14 as wide as the elytra, parallel, narrowed
slightly near the apex, the latter very broad and transversely truncate; median
fovea large, extending through basal 7g of the length. lytra conspicuously
short, fully 14 wider than long, the sides rather strongly divergent and feebly
arcuate from the moderate and obtuse humeral swelling; surface moderately
convex, the striz normal, the discal rather feeble, becoming obsolete at some
distance from the apex. Abdomen as wide as the elytra and very nearly as
long, the sides parallel and rounded. Legs slender, the hind tibie slightly
swollen near the tip but not distinctly bent. Length 1.28 mm.; width 0.52
mm

Texas (Brownsville). Mr. H. F. Wickham.

This is the smallest species of the genus known to me from the
United States, and occurs in the subtropical extreme southern
limit of the State of Texas. It can be readily determined by the
characters given in the table. A single male.

P. impressipennis.—Slender, the elytra and abdomen quite depressed ;
entire body, legs and antennz very pale rufo-testaceous and perfectly uniform
in color, polished and subimpunctate; pubescence moderate in length and

Coleopterolugical Notices, VII. 625

coarseness and rather sparse but pale in color and distinct. Head slightly nar-
rower than the prothorax, about as long as wide, triangular, the eyes relatively
rather small. Antenne normal, rapidly incrassate at tip, about 14 as long as
the body. Prothorax more than 144 wider than long, fully %4 as wide as the
elytra, parallel, slightly narrowed at apex; surface convex, smooth and pol-
ished, the median fovea extending only slightly beyond basal third. Elytra
nearly 14 wider than long, the sides distinctly divergent and only very feebly
arcuate from the rather pronounced humeral swelling; disk depressed, ob-
liquely impressed at the middle toward the flanks; striz normal, the discal
distinctly abbreviated before the tip. Abdomen somewhat wider than the
elytra and quite distinctly longer, the legs slender. Length 1.35 mm.; width
0.55 mm.

Texas (locality unrecorded).

The single example of this very distinct form before me is a
female, and it is the only species represented by that sex alone
which I can venture to define. The singular oblique impressions
of the elytra are without much doubt normal, as they are bilater-

ally symmetric.

P. consobrinus of LeConte, is well distinguished from any of
those treated of above by its denser vestiture, relatively shorter
last antennal joint and other characters. The sexual differences
in the antenne, eyes and elytra are of the same nature as in the
others, but the elytra differ more than usual, being very short and
transverse in the female, while in the male they are nearly as long
as wide. My specimens are from New Jersey and Virginia (Nor-
folk).

In pulvereus Lec., the eyes in the male are much smaller than
in the same sex of any other species known to me, and it may be
readily recognized by this character as well as by its large size
and habitat. Ocularis and abruptus have already been described
at sufficient length (Col. Not. V, p. 502).

TYRINI.

CEDIUS Lec.

In this well-marked genus the body is rather stout and very
convex, the antennez enlarged distally, the eighth joint obliquely
produced and pointed within at tip, partially enclosing the ninth,
the remainder gradually enlarged but not obviously modified, the
eleventh affixed somewhat obliquely to the tenth. The head is
nearly as in Pilopius, with moderately large, subbasal and more
finely faceted eyes and three fovex, the posterior much more

626 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

widely separated, the antennal tubercles large, separated by a
broad longitudinal depression which is much more abruptly lim-
ited at the sides; in spinosus the tubercles become more flattened.
The integuments are nearly smooth, the pronotum traversed near
the base by a fine continuous furrow, with slight enlargements at
the sides and in the middle but not pubescent. The discal furrow
of the elytra vanishes behind the middle, and the basal segment
of the abdomen has two distinct sublateral carinz in about basal
half and a short tumid projection at the middle of the base. The
ventral segments diminish rather gradually in length as in Pilo-
pius, but the last ventral of the male is large, convex and polished,
with the tip produced slightly in a rounded lobe, the last dorsal
short and very tumid. There seem to be three species which may
be defined as follows from the males :—

Head transversely excavated at apex between the large antennal cavities, the
narrowed front deflexed, with the tip narrowly rounded and free ; clypeus
tumid and setose at the middle ; body large and stout.

Antenne much less stout, distinctly enlarged toward tip ; elytra transverse,
at least 14 wider than long, rather strongly, though not densely, punc-
tate, and wider than the abdomen, the side margin of the latter concave
inwardly Aboward base. seeniascscesceseececccttecsee sect eeen cee ceeres Ziegler Lec.

Antenne stouter and longer, only very feebly enlarged toward tip ; elytra
larger and less transverse, scarcely 14 wider than long, very finely and
rather sparsely punctulate throughout, the vestiture a little shorter ; ab-
domen as wide as the elytra, with the broad and feebly inclined lateral
margin perfectly flat throughout ; anterior tibie thicker ; body larger and
much stouter, nearly similar in the crural spines and feeble sexual char-
acters. Length 2.5 mm.; width1.0mm. District of Columbia.

robustus n. sp.

Head not transversely excavated at apex, the narrowed front between the an-

tennal cavities vertical and continuous to the upper surface of the clypeus,

which is not at all tumid in the middle ; body much smaller and narrower.
spinosus Lec.

The tarsi in Cedius are much longer than in either Tmesiphorus
or Pilopius. The genus seems to be confined to the eastern parts
of the United States.

The figure of C. spinosus given by Dr. Brendel in the “ Mono-
graph,” is not at all correct, the true form being much narrower,
with more elongate elytra and with the usual two carinz of the
abdomen as distinct as in the others.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 627

TYRUS Aube.

In this genus the peculiar internal prominence of the trochan-
ters and the carina or spine of the anterior femur, are not sexual
characters, but are equally pronounced in the female, which, it will
be observed, is the case also in all the allies of Ctenistes and
Chennium, so that crural modification in this part of the family
becomes of generic import. As in most of these genera, also, the
species are closely allied among themselves and require careful
study.

The primary sexual characters are rather feeble, the male hav-
ing the last ventral moderate in size, with the apex produced
slightly in a rounded lobe and the last dorsal large, broadly trun-
cate and medially feebly sinuate at tip; the female has the last
ventral shorter, with the apex narrowly and deeply inciso-sinuate
in the middle, and the last dorsal much smaller, more tumid along
the middle and frequently more coarsely punctured, these sexual
differences in the last dorsal being parallel to those of certain
Batrisi. No well-marked sexual differences can be observed in
any other part of the body or appendages.

The material in my cabinet indicates five North American spe-
cies, which may be defined as follows :—

Carina of the anterior femur long, equaling 14 of the entirelength. Utah.
carinifer n. sp.
Carina short, never more than 4 as long as the femur and sometimes a little
shorter. .

Elytra large, about as long as the abdomen, very widely exposed at the
humeri, the sides strongly arcuate and only moderately divergent pos-
teriorly; head small; body pale testaceous with the abdomen black. Lake
Tahoe, California. ( Pytna cort. Csy.) ...........:ecceeeeeeee corticinus Csy.

Elytra more abbreviated and transverse, with less broadly rounded humeri

and more divergent and less arcuate sides, always much shorter than
the abdomen in bothsexes. Northeastern States.
Antennz moderately elongate in both sexes, the penultimate joints of the
funicle not transverse; abdominal carina well developed.
Head in the male slightly narrower than the prothorax and as long as
wide; prothorax usually noticeably elongate (compar Lec. ).
, : humeralis Aubé
Head in the male much narrower than the prothorax and shorter than
wide; body smaller and less stout, the prothorax slightly wider than
TOM Beeresccens cose seas csneeeenceeseem oc eaecatin seneste stiss see semuiruber n. sp.
Antenne shorter and stout, the three outer joints of the funicle transverse
in the female; prothorax a little wider than long; abdominal carina
generally extremely short and inconspicuous........cOMSiMilLiS n. sp.

628 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

T. elongatus of Brendel, does not belong to the genus and is
therefore not included in the table. The American species of Ty-
rus all differ greatly from the European in having the anterior
femora carinate beneath; mucronatus has, instead of the carina,
an acutely pointed spine; it is therefore possible that Pytna may
be regarded as a valid subgenus, in view of the importance of
crural modifications in this part of the Pselaphide.

T. carinifer.—Stout and convex, the body, legs and antennz very pale
rufo-testaceous throughout, the abdomen black with palish side margins; in-
teguments shining, subimpunctate anteriorly, the elytra and abdomen finely
punctate; pubescence moderately abundant, rather short and strongly recurved
as usual. Head scarcely as long as wide, only slizhtly narrower but much
shorter than the prothorax, the eyes moderate in size, at more than their own
length from the base, the latter rounded; surface flattened above, the foveze
normal. Antenne about 14 as long as the body, moderately stout, the club
gradually formed and not very stout; joints three to five distinctly, six and
seven barely perceptibly, longer than wide, the eighth quadrate; ninth slightly
elongate, the tenth almost as wide as long; eleventh obliquely pointed at tip.
Prothorax very slightly longer than wide, widest and obtusely rounded at the
sides before the middle, the sides thence convergent and nearly straight to the
apex, parallel and feebly sinuate to the base; apex nearly 74 of the maximum
width and about %4 as wide as the base; disk very convex, with a deep rounded
and pubescent fovea at each side near the base, the two connected by a fine,
transverse and posteriorly arcuate groove, which become slightly coarser but
not at all foveate at the middle, the surface thence to the base punctulate.
Elytra 34 wider than long, %¢ longer than the prothorax and 27% times as wide;
humeri rounded, the sides thence rather strongiy divergent and very feebly
arcuate to the apex ; discal impression very large toward base, disappearing
near apical third. Abdomen rather wider and a little longer than the elytra,
arcuately narrowed and serrate at the sides as usual, the border wide and flat;
basal carina well developed, extending to apical third of the basal segment.
Length 2.1 mm.; width 0.95'mm.

Utah (southwestern). Mr. C.J. Weidt.

The single male before me represents a very distinct form near
corticinus, but with a much larger head, narrower and more
elongate prothorax, more diverging sides and more punctate sur-
face of the elytra and relatively larger abdomen. The inter-
mediate tibiz are slightly arcuate and somewhat thickened, the
corresponding trochanters with the usual long oblique process, the
anterior with a short conical process, and the anterior femora with
a long carina on the under edge, extending from basal fourth to ©
the middle.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 629

T. semiruber.— Moderately stout and convex, highly polished, dark red-
brown, the elytra pale rufous, the abdomen black and the legs and antennz
pale testaceous; integuments subimpunctate, the punctules of the elytra and
abdomen extremely minute and rather sparse; pubescence moderately short,
rather fine, sparse, strongly recurved and not very conspicuous. Head small,
distinctly narrower and shorter than the prothorax, shorter than wide, the
eyes rather small, at more than their own length from the base, the latter cir-
cularly rounded; foveze normal. Antenne scarcely 4 as long as the body, un-
usually slender, the club gradual and relatively strong; joints smooth, polished
and subimpunctate throughout, except the last three, which are sparsely ru-
gose; three to five distinctly elongate, the sixth slightly and the eighth just
visibly, longer tnan wide; seventh quadrate; ninth very distinctly elongate,
the tenth rather longer than wide; eleventh obliquely pointed as usual. Pro-
thorax not quite as long as wide, widest and subprominently rounded near apical
third, the sides feebly convergent and somewhat sinuate thence to the base;
apex about 144 the maximum width and 3¢ as wide as the base; disk and trans-
verse groove nearly as in the preceding species, not distinctly punctured near the
base. Elytra fully 14 wider than long, 7% longer than the prothorax and twice
as wide; humeri moderately prominent, the sides distinctly divergent and
broadly, distinctly arcuate thence to the apex; discal groove very broad toward
base, fine posteriorly, ending at apical fifth. Abdomen rather wider and much
longer than the prothorax, the'sides parallel and arcuate; border wide and flat;
basal carina well developed in basal 3. Length 1.7 mm.; width 0.78 mm.

Lake Superior.

The single male type in my cabinet has the intermediate tro-
chanters obliquely prolonged in a shorter, more pointed and less
curved process than in the preceding, the tibiz arcuate and thick-
ened, the anterior trochanters prominent within at tip and the
femur with a strong but short inferior carina just behind the mid-
dle. The body is narrower, the antennz shorter and more slender,
the prothorax shorter and broader, the elytra less transverse and
with longer discal stria, and the integuments less punctured and
less densely pubescent than in humeralis.

T. consimilis.—Stout and convex, shining and subimpunctate ; body,
legs and antennz red-brown, the elytra paler, bright rufous, the abdomen
black ; pubescence rather long, abundant, recurved and conspicuous. Head
wider than long, nearly as wideas the prothorax. Antenne % as long as the
body, stout, the club rather large and paler in color. Prothorax slightly trans-
verse, widest and slightly rounded near apical third, the apex wide, 35 the
maximum width and nearly *4 as wide as the base; disk nearly as in the pre-
ceding species. Hlytra very transverse, 74 wider foam long, % longer than the
prothorax and a little more than twice as wide; sides moderately divergent,
broadly and distinctly arcuate ; discal impression very broad toward base as
usual, vanishing at apical fourth. Abdomen rather wider and distinctly longer

630 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

than the elytra, the sides strongly areuate ; border very wide; basal carina
very short, extending through basal % or less. Length 1.8 mm.; width 0.83
mm.

Kentucky; Indiana.

The specimens before me agree very well together, but are fe-
males ; in comparison with the same sex of humeralis, this species
differs in its longer and more shaggy pubescence, evidently shorter
antenne, smaller and relatively much shorter prothorax, more
abbreviated abdominal carina, and in some other features; the mod-
ifications of the legs and trochanters are of the same general kind
as in the other species, but the process of the middle trochanters
is shorter and broader than in humeralis, and the corresponding
tibize are quite different, being strongly, evenly arcuate through-
out in the latter, while in cons¢milis they are nearly straight to-
ward base, becoming gradually distinctly arcuate thence to the tip.

The specimens of humeralis in my cabinet are from Canada
(Ottawa—Mr. W. H. Harrington) and the Hudson River valley,
the latter taken by Mr. H. H. Smith.

CUCUJID A.
COLYDIINA.

ADITOMA nt. gen. ;

This genus is allied to Bitoma, but differs in the cylindrical and
scarcely at all depressed form of the body, with very different
sculpture, larger metasternum, convex and not flattened abdomen,
with.the third suture strong, and the fourth segment flat and de-
flexed, the fifth concave, and in the radically different antennal
club. The single species is remarkable in having a large bifid
thoracic process, nearly covering and concealing the head.

A. bifida n. sp.—Elongate, parallel, cylindric, dark rufo-piceous in color
and highly polished. Head subtriangular with truncate apex, quite distinctly
narrower than the prothorax, depressed above, more deeply toward base, where
there is a short longitudinal medial groove in the more excavate portion; ver-
tex before the eyes slightly tumid, coarsely punctured and minutely setulose,
the apical margin of the front polished and sculptureless; remainder minutely
sculptured and opaque; supra-antennal ridges strong. Antennx 11-jointed,
but little longer than the width of the head, thick, cylindric, the joints trans-
verse with very thick exposed pedicels; two basal joints thicker, the club small,
rounded, the tenth joint obtrapezoidal and slightly asymmetric, at apex nearly
twice as wide as the ninth, polished and sparsely setose like the preceding
joints; eleventh much narrower than tenth and barely as long, fused within

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 631

its apex, rounded at tip, paler and spongy in texture and with short but coarse
close-set hairs in addition to the sparse erect bristles. Labrwm very short,
strongly transverse; mandibles small; eyes large, rounded, entire and basal,
the antennal grooves altogether obsolete; mentum rather large, transversely
subquadrate; ligula triangular, corneous; palpi rufous, similar, the labial a
little smaller, the fourth joint elongate-oval, as wide as the preceding, with
the obliquely truncate apex hollowed and spongy. Prothorax slightly elongate,
very convex with a coarse deep median groove which is dilated anteriorly in a
large and deep excavation and slightly dilated also at the base, the polished
surface enclosing the groove prolonged anteriorly over the head in two porrect
processes, finely, sparsely punctate, each puncture with a minute seta, the setze
more evident at the apices of the processes; flanks above strongly declivous to
a deep groove adjoining the acute lateral margin, which groove is dilated in a
rounded excavation just behind the middle; lateral margins nearly straight,
feebly convergent from apex to base, the apical angles dentiform and everted;
basal angles acute and slightly prominent. Scutellum small, subquadrate.
Elytra about twice as long as wide and twice as long as the prothorax, not
wider than the apex of the latter but a little wider than the base, the sides
straight and parallel; apex semicircularly obtuse; surface evenly cylindrical,
impressed at the sides near the apex, with nine coarse even and feebly im-
pressed series of coarse perforate punctures, the sutural stria enlarged and
deeper toward tip, becoming confluent with the subapical depression at the
side, the coarse punctures nude but alternating with minute punctures, each of
which bears a minute hair. Prosternum long before the cox, the latter
moderately and almost equally separated throughout; anterior cavities open
behind. Legs very short and stout; tarsi short with the basal joint. small.
Length 2.9 mm.; width 0.75 mm.

Florida.
No indication of sex can be observed in the single specimen
before me, which was communicated by Mr. H. F. Wickham.

BITOMA Herbst.
Ditoma Ill.; Synchytodes Cr.
The following species is allied to ornata:—

B. suffusa n. sp.—Elongate, strongly depressed, opaque, dark rufo-
piceous, the elytra suffusedly pale rufous but darker near the suture and lateral
Margin; pubescence short, sparse, setiform, forming even recumbent series
along the ridges. Head rather small, 25 as wide as the prothorax, subquad-
rate, the eyes large, convex and prominent, occupying basal half; surface flat
and densely sculptured; antennze about as long as the width across the eyes,
the funicle slender, the club stout, compressed and very abrupt, with the two
joints subequal. Prothorax scarcely +4 wider than long, the sides feebly con-
vergent and feebly, evenly arcuate from apex to base; apex truncate, the
angles somewhat anteriorly prominent; basal angles obtuse; margins minutely
serrulate; base feebly arcuate; disk but feebly elevated, with a fine entire

632 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

raised line at some distance from the side margin, near which line externally
there is a short longitudinal groove; inner raised line of ornata extremely
feeble and not distinct much beyond the middle; middle parts toward base
with two feeble longitudinal depressions; sculpture dense and indistinct.
Scutellum small, transversely subquadrate. Elytra fully 34 longer than wide,
3 times as long as the prothorax and nearly 14 wider; sides straight and
parallel, the apex semicircular; surface of each with four fine entire ridges,
separated by double series of rather coarse close-set punctures, the sutural ele-
vation bifureate toward base. Under surface dark red-brown, with short,
coarse and rather sparse reclined hairs, the legs short and paler in color,
Length 2.3-2.8 mm.; width 0.65-0.85 mm.

Arizona (Yuma).

Rather abundant in the lower valley of the Colorado River. It
is allied closely to ornata, but differs in its narrower form, suffused
coloration of the elytra, ees distinct ridges of the pronotum and
in its much larger eyes.

The name Bitoma is used on the authority of Dr. Sharp, though
according to Seidlitz (Faun. Balt. ii, p. 234), it was applied by
Herbst to the Fabrician Lyctus; if so, Ditoma IIl., will be the
proper designation of the present genus.

EUCICONES Sharp.

The species at present in our lists under the name Cicones
lineaticollis Horn, differs generically from marginalis in having
the upper surface feebly costulate and devoid of erect bristles,
and in having a distinctly biarticulate antennal club. The genus
has been named Acolobicus by Dr. Sharp, and the Mexican species,
obscurus Shp., seems to be extremely closely related to lineaticollis.

Cicones marginalis is also regarded as generically different from
Cicones, and must be known henceforth as Eucicones.

The material in my cabinet appears to indicate two species,
which may be separated on the following general characters:—
Body more than twice as long as wide, subparallel, the elytra relatively more

broadly reflexed at the sides, with the humeri quite broadly rounded.
marginalis Melsh.
Body not more than twice as long as wide and much more dilated behind, the
elytra more narrowly reflexed at the sides, with the humeri much less
rounded ; clavate bristles fimer................ececcceeeeeeecseren eens latus n. sp.

The upper surface of the body in HKucicones is always varie-
gated with small irregular paler spots. The genus extends far
into Mexico, from which region the generic type has been recently
described by Dr. Sharp.

a
a

"4

“a

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 633

E. latus.—Broad and convex, oblong-oval in form, gradually broader to
apical third of the elytra, blackish and subopaque, the reflexed lateral margins
paler by diaphaneity; elytra with small anastomosing paler spots; erect
bristles moderate in thickness and but feebly clavate. Head wider than long,
scarcely more than 7 as wide as the prothorax, widest at base, the eyes rather
large, minutely setose; surface scabrous; antennz short. Prothorax fully twice
as wide as long, widest near basal third or fourth, the sides strongly arcuate,
more convergent anteriorly, the apex deeply emarginate and with distinct lim-
iting angles, 3, as wide as the base, the latter transverse, broadly arcuate,
broadly sinuate near the sides; surface broadly explanato-reflexed toward the
sides, densely tuberculato-scabrous throughout. Scutellum small. /ytra less
than 1g longer than wide, at base as wide as the prothorax, at apical third much
wider, broadly parabolic at apex; sides nearly straight in basal 24 ; humeri ob-
tuse but distinct and subangulate; lateral margins narrowly explanato-re-
flexed; surface convex, with series of moderately coarse punctures separated in
the series by single short longitudinal raised lines, each of which bears a small
slender hair at its pos erior end, the erect bristles borne from small subasperate
punctures extending in a single regular series along the middle of each inter-
val. Under surface scabrous and dull, with inconspicuous vestiture, the epi-
pleurz wide and concave, the abdomen flat with gradually diminishing seg-
ments to the fourth, the fifth as long as the first; sutures fine and perfectly
straight, the legs short. Length 3.4 mm.; width 1.75 mm.

Indiana ?

A single specimen was included without locality label in the
Levette cabinet, and was probably taken in the region suggested.
This species is notably broader than marginalis, and is more rap-
idly broader behind.

The clavate bristles in Eucicones are peculiar in structure ; they
are deeply strigose, and the median parts of the apex are pro-
longed and obtusely truncate.

SOSYLUS Erichs.

S. extensus n. sp.—Elongate, parallel, cylindric, dark rufo-piceous, the
elytra slightly paler; surface feebly alutaceous in lustre, glabrous. Head
slightly wider than long, not quite as wide as the prothorax ; eyes large, con-
vex and prominent, at scarcely 1g their length from the prothorax ; surface
moderately convex, finely, not very densely punctate ; antennz about as long
as the width across the eyes, the first joint swollen and subglobular, the second
elongate, slender and inserted at the side of the first, the club very stout and
abrupt, strongly compressed with the basal joint shorter than the second and
rather more than twice as wide as long. Prothorax distinctly longer than
wide, the sides straight and parallel in rather more than apical third, then
feebly convergent and straight to the base, which is nearly #5 as wide as the
apex, the latter transverse, becoming feebly arcuate toward the sides; basal
angles not rounded, the base feebly emarginate ; disk finely, evenly and not

634 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

densely punctate. lytra rather more than 3 times as long as wide, fully 244
times as long as the prothorax and equal in width to the apical parts of the
latter ; sides straight and parallel; humeri slightly prominent anteriorly ;
apex near the suture narrowly arcuato-truncate, with slightly prominent
lateral limits ; surface feebly elevated near the suture, each elytron also having ~
four fine and very feeble longitudinal ridges, separated by three shallow flat
and impunctate grooves, which are separated from each other by shallow flat
intervals equal in width to the grooves ; flanks also with shallow flat striz, the
third interval from the side margin with some elongate scratch-like punctures
toward base. Under surface with moderately close punctures, those of the ab-
domen very elongate and linear toward base. Length 4.65 mm.; width
0.8 mm.

Central Texas (Colorado River).

This form is very different in sculpture from our other species,
but resembles certain Central American species in that feature.
The fine flat grooves of the elytra give these an appearance of
having been drawn like a wire; the ridges become quite strong on
the apical declivity as usual.

Hxtensus seems to be closely allied to affinis Shp., from Central
America, and also to trilineatus Reitt., from Colombia. The
latter differs in having the prothorax narrowed behind from the
middle and not from near apical third.

CERYLON Latr.

The following table includes all the American species of this
genus known to me at present :—

Upper surface without distinct setze; size smaller, always much under 3mm.
Clypeus evenly sinuate at apex.
Prothorax not wider anteriorly, finely or moderately punctate.
Prothorax about as long as wide.
Seutellum short, broadly rounded behind.

Clypeus notably smaller, more deeply sinuate; body stouter, the
pronotum more strongly punctate and more convex with the sides
slightly varcuate:.* 44.0. ).a0ded. eee e ones Sylwaticum nD. sp.

Clypeus large, very feebly sinuate at apex; prothorax with straight
sides, rounding anteriorly (angustulum Lec. )...castameuma Say

Scutellum longer, broadly angulate behind; prothorax narrower, still
more finely and remotely punctate and subsinuate at the sides be-
hind the middle; elytral strie fine, feeble and very finely punctate;
clypeus feebly sinuate at tip................cececseeeees unicolor Zieg.

Prothorax distinctly shorter than wide; body stouter and more convex.
simplex Lec.

Prothorax wider anteriorly, quite coarsely and deeply, though not densely,
punctate throp shows 2 eek eee ee ese eee sticticum nt. sp.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 635

Clypeus with a deep median notch, which is rounded at the bottom; pro-
thorax widest near the apex................ceseeeeeee ee eee eee ee clypeale n. sp.
Upper surface with obvious erect setze; size larger, 3 mm. in length.
californicum Csy.
Unicolor appears to undoubtedly differ from castaneum in the
characters given above ; it is rather more elongate than castaneum
and the form of the scutellum is perfectly constant, as far as I
have been able to observe ; these species both occur in the Atlan-
tic States and westward, at least as far as Illinois. The Califor-
nian stmplex is quite different in its much shorter and more con-
vex, though equally finely and sparsely punctate prothorax, and
the body is larger and stouter than in castaneum or unicolor with
more oval outline; in the scutellum and general sculpture it
closely resembles castaneum and sylvaticum ; it seems to be con-
fined to the coast regions from Sta. Cruz northward. Under suit-
able amplification and direction of sight extremely minute erect
setze can be observed arising from the punctures in nearly all of
the species, but californicum is the only one in which they become
very obvious, and this species differs besides from the others in its
much larger size. The three following species are hitherto unde-
scribed.

C. sylvaticum.—Elongate, suboval, moderately depressed, polished,
dark rufo-castaneous, more blackish beneath, the legs and antennal club paler
and rufous. Head slightly more than 44 as wide as the prothorax, wider than
long, evenly convex, finely, sparsely punctate, the eyes minutely and sparsely
setulose; antennz moderate in length, the club paler. Prothorax quadrate,
widest at the middle, the sides parallel and feebly arcuate throughout,
rounded anteriorly; apex evenly emarginate in circular are and almost 4 as
wide as the base, the latter transverse, with the median lobe distinct though
broadly rounded; basal angles right and not sharply defined, being minutely
rounded; surface transversely and feebly convex, more distinctly so toward the
apex, transversely and quite distinctly impressed at the basal margin at each
side and also feebly impressed just behind the eyes at the apical margin; punc-
tures small and remote but rather strong, bearing minute erect sete remotely
interspersed with other erect setze which are coarser and longer, the setz ob-
servable under a power of about 80. Scutellum transversely oval, very broadly
rounded behind. Llytra about 24 longer than wide, not quite twice as long as
the prothorax and rather more than 14 wider, widest before the middle; sides
broadly arcuate; apex broadly parabolic; striz well impressed, finely punc-
tured, the intervals somewhat convex, the first depressed as usual toward tip,
the first stria closely approaching the suture posteriorly. Under surface finely
but strongly and rather sparsely punctured. Length2.0 mm.; width 0.78mm.

Idaho (Ceeur d’Aléne); California (Lake Tahoe).

636 Coleopterological Notices, VII,

Closely allied to the eastern castaneum, but differing in its
slightly larger size, just visibly stouter and more convex form and
more marked punctuation ; it also differs in the slightly arcuate
and not rectilinear sides of the prothorax and in the form of the
terminal pygidium. The species can be distinguished at once
from simplex by its more elongate and more deeply striate elytra,

C. sticticum.—Oblong, parallel, strongly depressed, shining, castaneo-
rufous, the legs and antennal club paler rufous; under surface slightly darker
and more piceous. Head perceptibly more than 144 as wide as the prothorax,
finely, sparsely punctate; antennz moderate in length, the joints 7-9 of the
funicle rather rapidly increasing in thickness, the latter perceptibly wider than
long; club strong, oval, moderately compressed, the basal joint occupying
more than 1 the length, the apical spongy portion apparently with an
imperfect median annulus of hairs. Prothorax not quite as long as wide, dis-
tinetly widest at about apical fourth, the sides thence very feebly convergent
and just visibly arcuate to very near the basal angles, where there is a feeble
sinuation, strongly rounded at apex, the basal angles just visibly everted, not
rounded; apex barely more than %4 as wide as the base, feebly emarginate in
circular arc; base very feebly arcuate, the median lobe scarcely differentiated ;
disk depressed, convex toward the apical angles, rather sparsely, somewhat
coarsely and strongly punctate, feebly impressed and more densely punctate
at each side at the basal margin; sete inconspicuous, even undera power of 80.
Scutellum longer than in castaneum and more subangularly rounded behind,
transverse and flat. Elytra but slightly more than 13 longer than wide, fully
34 longer than the prothorax but not evidently wider, widest before the mid-
dle, the sides very feebly arcuate; apex semicircularly rounded; humeral
angles acute and minutely everted; strise rather fine but strong, evidently
punctured, the first approaching the suture posteriorly, the sutural interval
strongly depressed toward tip. Under surface evidently and rather closely
punctured, the legs stout. Length 2.5 mm.; width 0.85 mm.

Towa (Iowa City).

The points of difference between this species and those of the
castaneum group are numerous and well marked; the prothorax,
for example, being as wide as the elytra and of a different form,
with much larger and deeper punctures, and the last three joints
of the antennal funicle are gradually wider, while in castaneum
the joints 3-8 are equal in width, 9 being larger and obtrapezoidal ;
the annuli of hairs toward the apex of the club are also much more
marked than in castaneum.

Cc. clypeale.—Oblong-elongate, parallel, strongly depressed, polished,
glabrous, dark rufous in color, the legs but slightly paler and the under sur-

face somewhat darker; sete entirely inconspicuous. Head 36 as wide as the
prothorax, rather strongly convex, very minutely and quite sparsely punctate;

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 637

eyes moderately large, very convex, prominent and finely faceted as usual; anten-
nz moderate in length, stout, the three outer joints of the funicle gradually
thicker, the club stout, oval, of the usual structure and paler in color. Pro-
thorax scarcely as long as wide, widest before apical third, the sides broadly
rounding to the obtuse apical angles, very feebly arcuate posteriorly, the basal
angles minutely and just perceptibly everted, not blunt; apex broadly emargin-
ate in circular arc, about #5 as wide as the base, the latter transverse and feebly
bisinuate; surface sparsely and rather finely but strongly punctate, very feebly
impressed at the sinuous parts of the basal margin. Scutellum very short and
transverse, very broadly rounded behind as in castaneum. Elytra % longer
than wide, more than *4 longer than the prothorax, and not obviously wider,
widest before the middle, where the sides are distinctly arcuate, quite dis-
tinctly narrowed posteriorly, the apex subcircular in curvature; humeri acute,
minutely everted; stricz fine but distinct, very finely, remotely punctato-cren-
ulate; intervals nearly flat, the sutural narrower and depressed toward tip.
Under surface rather sparsely and not very strongly punctured, the legs short
and very stout, the tibie elongato-triangular. Length 2.35-2.45 mm.; width
0.75-0.8 mm.

Kansas.

This distinct species may be identified at once by its deeply
and narrowly notched clypeus. In general form it closely re-
sembles stzcticum, but may be known by its more elongate elytra
and finer pronotal punctures ; the shape of the prothorax is also
different, being widest at a point less apical, with the sides more
arcuate posteriorly and the apex broader. It is represented in
my cabinet by two specimens.

_ Notres.—According to Dr. Sharp it is probable that Synchita granulata Say,
and allied species will have to be referred to the genus Endeitoma.

The species placed in Machlotes in our lists must be referred to Prolyctus
Zimm.

CUPESID A.
CUPES Fabr.

The four species of this remarkable genus which are known to
me may be differentiated among themselves quite readily as
follows :—

Supra-antennal tumid surface rounded and convex ; antenne shorter ; tempora

more developed behind the eyes, which are usually smaller.
Body black, the head pale and ochreous-yellow in color ; punctures of the

elytral series very large, deep and quadrate............... capitatus Fabr.
Body ochreous, the elytra variegated with confused patches of dark piceous-
brown ; punctures of the elytral series much smaller ....... lobiceps Lec.

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Sct., IX, July, 1897.—42.

638 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

Supra-antennal tumidity obliquely angulate, the antennz more elongate ;
tempora short, the eyes very large; body ochreous in color, the elytra
variegated with sublongitudinal patches of a darker brown.

Elytral series composed of large approximate quadrate punctures.

concolor Westw.
Elytral series composed of narrow, elongate punctures ; antennz less elon-

PALE. wes veercdescesasgnsedeh nce nevecssdognmite see teat eecanas tes eee oculatus n. sp.
The affinities of Cupes are very obscure, but certain structures,
as for example the reception of the acute prosternal process in a
deep pit of the mesosternum, proclaim its marked serricorn rela-
tionship.

C. oculatus.—Form nearly as in concolor but less elongate, pale yellow-
ish-brown with indefinite sublineate spots of dark brown on the elytra; integu-
ments throughout densely scaly. Head scarcely wider than the prothorax ;
sides above near the eyes longitudinally tumid, the elevation divided trans-
versely at the anterior limit of the very large convex eyes ; median line fine,
coarse anteriorly ; tempora very short. Prothorax fully 34 wider than long,
rectangular at apical fourth, the sides thence deeply sinuate and strongly con-
vergent to the apex, parallel and nearly straight in basal 34, becoming feebly
convergent and arcuate toward base ; disk elevated along the middle, with a
fine median line, broadly reflexed at the sides, also deeply concave at each side
of the middle. Scutellum well developed, rounded. Elytra 234 to nearly 3
times as long as wide, parallel and straight at the sides, gradually narrowed
at apex, distinctly wider than the head ; ridges feeble, the second and third
alone distinct. Under surface densely scaly. Length 8.5-9.7 mm.; width
2.0—2.2 mm.

Indiana.

‘Differs strikingly from concolor in sculpture and in its less.
elongate and rather more depressed elytra, with subobsolete first
costa.

The eyes in Cupes are very convex and composed of extremely
minute lenses; the outer surface of the eye is perfectly smooth
and unbroken, the lenses shining through from the inner surface
of the external shell. I do not remember having observed this
peculiar structure in any other type of the Coleoptera, but it is
probably not altogether confined to the present genus.

LUCANID &.
PLATYCERUS Geoff. (auct.).
SYSTENOCERUS Weise.

The first species described below is allied in coloration, general
sculpture and structure of the antennal club to oregonensis, but
is much smaller; the second is more closely related to depressus.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 639

' P. chalybeus n. sp.—Subparallel, strongly convex, glabrous, black, the
legsand abdomen piceous, the elytra with a dark steel-blue lustre; integuments
but slightly alutaceous. Head scarcely 24 as wide as the prothorax, trans-
verse, sparsely but distinctly punctured, the eyes moderate; front broadly con-
€ave; mandibles small, arcuate, setose internally, with a large quadrate tooth
within at base, the apex almost equally trilobed, the upper lobe most acute.
Antenne moderate, the club 4-jointed, twice as long as the funicle; joints twa
to five of the latter gradually and slightly increasing in width, the latter 3<
as wide as the first joint of the club, which is three times as wide as long and
scarcely 14 as long and 34 as wideas the second; last three joints much more
‘densely pubescent, subequal in width, nearly as in oregonensis. Prothorax 24
wider than long, widest and subangularly rounded at the sides at basal third,
the sides thence convergent and sinuate to the basal angles, which are right,
ouly slightly blunt, prominent and slightly everted; sides less convergent and:
nearly straight in apical *4; apex broadly and bisinuately emarginate, the
apical angles slightly prominent anteriorly; disk feebly impressed along the
middle, sparsely, somewhat unevenly and not very strongly punctate. Scutel-
lum punctured slightly at base. Elytra 1g longer than wide, nearly three
times as long as the prothorax and perceptibly wider; intra-humeral impress-
ion small but distinct; punctures disposed nearly as in oregonensis. Legs mod-
erate in length, rather slender, the hind tarsi but little shorter than the tibie.
Length ¢ 8.3-9.5, 9 10.3 mm.; width ¢ 2.8-3.5, 9 4.1 mm.

California.

This species greatly resembles oregonensis, but differs in its
much smaller size, smaller head, prothorax and mandibles of the
male, rather stronger and sparser punctures, and especially in the
prominent basal angles of the prothorax, these being broadly ob-
tuse and obliterated in oregonensis. The description is from the
larger of the two males before me, the female having the head
relatively smaller, the prothorax narrower but less transverse
and more narrowed toward tip, the body stouter and the hind

tarsi scarcely 2 as long as the tibie.

P. marginalis n. sp.—Oblong, parallel, noderately convex, glabrous, the
punctures of the head with very short hairs, the mandibles setose within and
the side-margins of the prothorax bristling with rather numerous erect setz;
body and legs black, the tarsi and antennze dark piceo-rufous; integuments
moderately shining, the elytra feebly alutaceous. Head moderately large, 24
as wide as the prothorax, strongly transverse, strongly and closely punctured,
the mandibles short and stout, with the apex within broadly truncate, the
truncature nearly straight, only feebly oblique and beset with about five small
denticles, of which the superior is slightly larger and more acute, the inner
basal tooth well developed and feebly bifid at tip. Antennz# moderate, the
club unusually developed, fully twice as long as the stem, broad, composed of
four joints, the first only slightly shorter in a transverse sense than the others

¢. ae
7
rey +

640 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

and more than twice as wide as the last joint of the funicle. Prothorax nearly
#6 wider than long, widest and obtusely angulate at the sides at basal %, the
sides thence very feebly convergent and nearly straight, becoming arcuate near
the prominent but rounded apical angles anteriorly,and much more convergent,
becoming sinuate near the base posteriorly, the basal angles obtuse but promi-
nent and not blunt; surface transversely convex, broadly concave near the re-
fiexed side-margins especially anteriorly, the punctures moderately coarse and
numerous but distinctly separated, becoming sparse or partially absent along
the median line and near the side-margius. Scutellum wholly impunctate.
Elytra short, scarcely 76 longer than wide, not obviously wider than the pro-
thorax and about 234 times as long, the apex semicircularly rounded; humeri
right and slightly denticulate, the intra-htumeral impression feeble; strize
moderately coarse, rather feebly impressed, closely and strongly punctured,
subobliterated toward the humeri, stronger behind but wholly wanting be-
hind the rather pronounced subapical swelling; intervals closely and strongly
punctured, nearly flat, the punctures sparse and more serial toward the suture.
Legs rather slender, the hind tarsi distinctly shorter than the tibie. Length
10.9 mm.; width 4.1 mm.

Washington State.

The male type represents a species allied to depressus, but
smaller, shorter in form, with finer, more superficial and smoother
elytral sculpture, more concave and fimbriate margins of the pro-
thorax and blacker coloration.

PASSALINA.

Some years ago I received small sets of species in this sub-
family from two sources. The larger number were taken by Mr.
Erich Wittkugel in the vicinity of San Pedro Sula, Honduras, on
the Atlantic slope, and the remainder by Mr. Baron, in the Mexi-
can state of Guerrero, on the Pacific side. Only one of the fifteen
species examined proves to be common to the two regions, indi-
cating in some degree the mutual distinctness of the Atlantic and
Pacific faunas even in this very constricted portion of the conti-
nent.

The arrangement of the genera proposed by Mr. Bates in the
“‘ Biologia,” which is based primarily upon the relative size of the
prothorax and elytra, even should it prove not entirely natural,
is at least far more convenient than that of Kaup, the classifica-
tion of the latter being marred in addition by a most original and
unaccountable assumption, that each and every genus would be
found ultimately to be composed of five species. In some genera,
possessing a number of species, this premise even led Dr. Kaup

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 641

into flagrant errors of synonymy, due to his desire not to an-
nounce in any case more than the assumed five components.
The species composing the material before me are as follows:—

Proculus mniszechi Kaup.—Honduras.

Proculus magister sp. n.—Honduras.

Proculejoides crassulus sp. n.—Honduras.

Platyverres intermedius Kaup.—Guerrero. Thesingle example is rather
small, not quite 42 mm. in length, 48 mm. being the length recorded
by Kaup. It is somewhat singular that the pronounced habital diver-
gence of intermedius from the other species placed in Verres, should not
have been alluded to by the author, and the necessity for a distinct
genus is sufficiently evident. It is probable that Dr. Kaup had in view
only the cephalic structure, which greatly resembles that of Verres, and
the short lobes of the antennal club, in associating it with Verres corti-
cola.

Rimor munitus sp. n.—Guerrero.

Paxillus parvus sp. n.—Honduras.

Weleus tlascala Perch.—Horduras.

Winus interstitialis Esch.—Guerrero and Honduras. The male has the elytra
very slightly shorter and the prothorax a little longer, but not wider,
than the female. There is no distinguishing feature apparent in the
representatives of the two localities.

Rhodocanthopus inops Truq.—Guerrero.

Ptichopus angulatus Perch.—Honduras.

Passalus striatopunctatus Perch.—Honduras. Differs from distinctus and
cornutus in having the metasternum strongly punctured near the hind
angles, with the depressed lateral line wider and more pubescent, in
the large and prominent single external spine of the middle tibiz, and
especially, in the structure of the antennal club, the first joint being
fully three times as wide as long and of a different form. Some of these
differences are possibly subgeneric in weight.

Soranus imbellis sp. n.—Guerrero.

Verres corticola Truq.—Guerrero.

Verres vernicatus sp. n.—Honduras.

Verres cavilabris sp. n.—Honduras.

The new species of the list are described below in the same suc-

cession.

Proculus magister.—Elongate-oval, strongly convex, polished, the
pubescent areas and general structure almost exactly as in mniszechi. Head
with three feeble tubercles, two of which are near the anterior margin,
and a large oblique tumidity above each eye, the neck densely punctured at
the sides of the upper surface; labrum a little larger than in mniszechi, rather
more deeply sinuate at apex and Jess densely punctured, the mandibles shorter
and stouter, more unequally bilobed at apex and much more convex externally
toward base, the upper tooth less basal, more oblique and much less developed;

642 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

mentum very nearly 14 as wide as the entire head, the lobes very strongly and
obliquely cariniform. Prothorax as in mniszechi, but with the apical angles a
little less rounded. £l/ytra suboval, more vertical at the sides than in mnis-
zechi and flattened above, finely and feebly striate, becoming deeply so inter-
nally; striz finely punctured toward the sides and apex, but impunctate, or
with the faintest trace of punctures, toward the suture. Under surface as in
mniszechi, except that the intermediate tibiz generally have but two external
spinules, the posterior one. Length of body ¢ 73.0; width of head 21.5;
length of prothorax 20.0, width 27.5; length of elytra 37.5, width 26.3 mm.
Length of body 9 66.0; width of head 20.0; length of prothorax 18.0, width
24.5; length of elytra 33.0, width 24.8 mm. Honduras.

Larger and more elongate than mniszechi and with notable di-
vergence in the structure of the mandibles, mentum and elytral
strie. The minute tubercles near the frontal margin are more
widely separated than in mnzszechi, and, in that species, the men-
tum is smaller, being but slightly more than 4 as wide as the head
and the elytra more evenly convex, with the striz not much deeper
toward the suture and having the strial punctures equally distinct.
throughout. In magister the male is larger than the female, with
larger head and prothorax and notably more elongate elytra, while
in mniszechi the two sexes are much more similar in shape, the
head and prothorax of the male being simply a little larger. The
mandibles and antenne are not affected sexually. I have before
me both sexes of the two species here compared.

Proculejoides crassulus.—Stout and very convex, highly polished
throughout and deep black, the pubiferous punctures of the inflexed sides
of the prothorax fine and only moderately dense, wanting internally to-
ward apex; metasternum and elytra completely glabrous; tibiz sparsely
pubescent externally. Head slightly more than % as wide as the pro-
thorax, the ambient posterior impression feeble; horn narrow, small and
cariniform, with a small angulate and slightly prominent elevation at each
side, the tip horizontal and but just visibly protuberant over the frontal
impression, the latter limited by very broadly swollen, extremely widely
diverging and indefinitely limited ridges; clypeal margin straight and
transverse, with a minute and very feeble median sinus and ending at
lateral fourth in an acute tubercle, the margin thence angularly receding to
the eyes ; supra-ocular ridge large, cariniform above, longitudinally excavated
at its posterior end ; labrum sparsely punctured toward tip, the latter almost
rectilinear ; mandibles broadly angulate on the upper edge, the apex triden-
tate, with the two upper teeth much more advanced ; scar of the mentum
feebly defined ; antennal club trilobed, the lobes slender, the first joint 4 times
as wide as long, the second nearly similar, the third evenly arcuate externally,
3 times as wide as long. Prothorax slightly more than 14 wider than long,
the apical angles obtuse but only slightly rounded, the apex transverse ; mar=

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 643

ginal groove fine and wholly impunctate, extending inward at apex about %

the distance to the middle ; post-median impression feeble and impunctate ;

disk convex and wholly impunctate, the median groove strong. Scutellum

polished and wholly impunctate. /ytra distinctly less than 15 longer than

wide, about +5 longer than the prothorax, slightly dilated behind the middle,

the base transverse, feebly protuberant at the middle, the humeral angles.
strongly defined, not at all rounded and but little more than right ; disk

coarsely and deeply striate throughout, the sulci strongly and equally punc-
tate throughout the width ; intervals convex. Mefasternum short, without an

elevated median plane, having a patch of coarse punctures at lateral fourth

near the hind margin and a small oblique posterior impression at each side of

the median line ; epipleurz extremely fine and wholly glabrous. Legs rather

short, the middle tibiz with one very strong, the posterior also with a single

feebler, external spine. Length 24.0 mm.; width 9.0 mm.; length of the pro-:
thorax 6.5, of the elytra 12.3 mm. Honduras.

The genus Proculejoides is allied closely to Proculejus, differing
in its glabrous elytra and metasternum; it should probably include
also Proculejus champtioni of Bates, which differs from the present
Species in its larger size and in having the frontal carine tuber-
culose far behind the apical margin.

Rimor munitus.—Parallel, rather strongly convex, deep black and
highly polished throughout, the basal wall of the elytra slightly pubescent at
the humeri ; metasternum and hypomera finely punctate and pubescent, the
former in a large lateral area from the middle coxe to the sides of the apex,
the latter glabrous anteriorly; tibiz all rather conspicuously pubescent ex-
ternally. Head impunctate, 74 as wide as the prothorax, the posterior ambi-
ent excavation deep and impunctate, with a feeble elevation at each side near
the base of the horn, the latter large, elongate, convex, simple and finely punc-
tulate, with a minute longitudinal elevation at each side of the base, the apex
pointed and prolonged horizontally far over the front, the tip feebly reflexed,
and, from a vertical viewpoint, almost exactly over the apical margin of the
clypeus, the diverging elevations from the anterior part of its base very feeble
and rounded, flexing laterally to the supra-orbital ridge and forming the an-
terior limit of the posterior ambient impression; clypeal margin transverse,
broadly sinuate in the middle and separated from the front—which is nearly
flat and gradually declivous from the base of the horn—by a transverse mar-
ginal sulcus, ending immediately behind the ridge of the mandibles in a pro-
nounced angular protuberance, the sides of the clypeus proper marked also by
a slightly prominent angle at the sides of the labrum; supra-orbital ridge large
and prominent, evenly convex and gradually disappearing behind, becoming
narrow and acutely cariniform anteriorly; canthus of the eyes rather wide;
labrum moderately sinuateat tip, the surface excavated and gradually beveled
in a broadly triangular region bordering the sinus; mandibles well developed,
the upper ridge angulate beyond the middle, the apex truncate and equally
tridentate, the inferior tooth well developed; mentum with the median part

644 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

of the base elevated, glabrous and impunctate, its flanking scars deep but only
slightly punctate; two basal lobes of the antennal club long and subequal,
about 5 times as long as the joint, the last joint about 314 times as wide as long,
the lobe widest beyond the middle. Prothorax about 14 wider than long, the
apex transverse and feebly bisinuate, the apical angles rather broadly rounded;
marginal groove fine and impunctate, extending inward at apex without the
least dilatation about % the distance to the middle; disk transversely convex,
wholly impunctate, the post-median lateral depression well marked though
smooth; median groove deep, terminating at some distance from the apical
margin. Scutellum sparsely punctate toward base, the median line im-
pressed except toward tip. Elytra about 3% longer than wide and nearly 214
times as long as the prothorax, equal to the latter in width and with the sides
parallel and nearly straight, the apex circularly rounded; base broadly and
very feebly sinuato-truncate; disk rather deep and vertical at the sides, gradu-
ally less convex and horizontal above, the striz distinct and equaliy pro-
nounced throughout, only a little more widely separated above than on the
flanks, the punctures distinct on the flanks but very indistinct toward the
suture, the intervals broadly and equally convex throughout. Metasternum
well developed, the depressed side-pieces becoming broader behind, the sur-
face polished, without coarse punctures near the hind angles. Middle tibize
with three external spines, gradually more pronounced distally, the hind tibiz
with a single spine. Length 38.0 mm.; width 13.0 mm.; length of prothorax
9.0, of the elytra 21.0 mm. Guerrero.

This species is closely allied to sagittarius, but differs in its
larger size and relatively shorter and more transverse prothorax;
the elytra are only twice as long as the prothorax in sagittarius,
according to the measurements given by Dr. Kaup.

Paxillus parvus.—Elongate, rather narrow, depressed, the upper sur-
face flat, deep black and highly polished throughout, glabrous, the fine punc-
tures of the posterior parts of the hypomera and humeral part of the basal wall
of the elytra bearing very short erect hairs, the latter very dense, but not ex-
tending behind the humeri at the sides. Head nearly 4+ as wide as the pro-
thorax, with scattered deep punctures at the sides behind the eyes and coarse
shallow punctures near the clypeal margin, elsewhere impunctate; posterior
ambient excavation rather deep, its posterior wall broadly cuspiform in the
middle and sharply defined; cephalic process consisting of a feeble transverse
elevation in the middle, trilobed by two feeble sulci, the lateral lobes small,
the median evenly convex without trace of horn, the diverging ridges from its
apex acutely cariniform and evenly arcuate, terminating each ina strong and
prominent tuberculiform process at the clypeal margin, the latter transverse,
straight and unmodified between the processes, the enclosed space being
scarcely 1g the total width of the head; frontal margin at each side between the
process and the prominently angular anterior part of the ocular canthus evenly
sinuate; antennal club pentaphyllous, the lobes long and slender, the middle
the longest, and nearly 5 times the length of the joint. Prothorax nearly %

| Coleopterological Notices, VII. 645

wider than long, the flanks with coarse irregularly scattered punctures through-
out, the post-median depression feeble; marginal groove fine, with large shal-
low opaque and anastomosing punctures; apex transverse, feebly sinuate near
each angle, the latter acute and anteriorly prominent, the marginal groove
very fine, extending %¢ the distance to the middle; median groove fine but
deep, very nearly attaining the apical margin. Scutellum impunctate, the
median line feebly impressed. lytra nearly #5 longer than wide, about 214
times as long as the prothorax, and, at base, equally wide, just visibly wider
behind the middle; base transversely rectilinear throughout; striz of the flat
upper parts rather fine but well impressed and very feebly punctate, the sec-
ond and third somewhat sinuous, the intervals relatively wide and feebly con-
vex, those of the vertical flanks very coarse, deep, approximate and sulciform,
with the puncturescoarse. Metasternum with a strongly delimited median plate,
strongly punctured about the circumference on the sloping sides and very
densely near the middle coxe, the episterna very narrow, linear, concave,
opaque and glabrous. Middle and hind tibiz each with asingle small external
spine near apical third. Length 16.8-18.8 mm.; width 5.6-6.0 mm.; length of
the prothorax (in the smaller example) 4.0, of the elytra 9.7 mm. Honduras.

Differs from the Brazilian /eachi in its very much smaller size
and transverse and not visibly emarginate median parts of the
clypeal apex.

Soranus imbellis.—Rather elongate and strongly convex, glabrous,
black and highly polished throughout above. Head small, scarcely 35 as wide
as the prothorax, impunctate, the posterior ambient impression shallow pos-
teriorly where it is indefinitely limited, becoming larger and deep anteriorly
along the supra-orbital ridges, enclosing also a small deep rounded depression
at each side of the base of the central process, the latter transverse, rather small
and feebly elevated, almost equally trilobed by very feeble longitudinal de-
pressions, the lateral lobes rectangular at apex, the median produced at tip in
a@ minute and nearly erect, acutely pointed process, from the base of which ex-
tend two very widely diverging, low, obtuse and straight ridges flexed outward
at apex, joining the supra-orbital ridge and minutely tuberculate at the point of
flexure; front between the ridges very feebly concave to the straight and trans-
verse marginal sulcus, the latter terminating at each side in a small acute
tubercle directed obliquely upward and outward at the base of the mandibular
ridge; clypeal edge transverse and virtually straight, angular and slightly
prominent at each side of the labral base; supra-orbital elevation rather short,
cariniform anteriorly. Prothorax rather small, fully 44 wider than long, trans-
versely subarcuate at apex, the angles moderately rounded; raarginal groove
very fine, impunctate, flexed inward fully 14 the distance to the middle at
apex, receding gradually from the edge and becoming gradually more feeble;
post-median depression small but deep, coarsely punctate, the flanks with a few
coarse scattered punctures in its neighborhood; median groove strongly im-
pressed, entire. Scutellum impunctate, notimpressed. Elytra nearly * longer
than wide, 234 times as long as the prothorax and slightly wider, especially
behind the middle; striz rather fine, closer on the flanks, finely but distinctly

646 Coleopteroiogical Notices, VII.

punctured throughout, the intervals moderately convex. Metasternum well de-
veloped, punctured and pubescent near the middle cox, but elsewhere com-
pletely impunctate and glabrous, the epipleurz very fine, linear and deeply
concave. Middle tibiz with very short, stiff, external pubescence and a single
rather distinct spine, the hind tibiz spineless. Length 19.0 mm.; width 6.4
mm.; length of the prothorax 4.2, width 5.7; length of the elytra 11.5 mm.
Guerrero.

Differs from haagi and recticornis in its impunctate scutellum,
and from wagner? in its straight and not arcuate frontal ridges;
tropicus, ellipticus, championi and yucatanus are much larger
species and intergeneus of Bates, which is doubtfully referred to
the genus, has the metasternum somewhat punctate at each side
of the apex. The type of the description is probably the female,
the male being nearly similar but with the prothorax a little more
transverse and about as wide as the elytra. Four specimens.

Verres vernicatus.—Parallel, moderately convex, polished and gla-
brous throughout above except some sparse short hairs distributed over the
vertical wall of the elytral base; pro- and mesosterna opaque and minutely
granulato-reticulate, except toward the lateral edges where the former is con-
spicuously pubescent as usual, the latter strongly and coarsely punctured at
the sides of the peduncle. Head nearly *5 as wide as the prothorax, the pos-
terior ambient impression deep, its posterior margin behind well defined and
broadly cuspid, broad and shallow anteriorly; central process transverse, form-
ing an anteriorly acute middle lobe and two obtusely rounded lateral lobes,
not separated by longitudinal impressions, the frontal ridges diverging ex-
tremely widely from ashort distance before the hase of the process, gradually
and arcuately hecoming transverse and joining the supra-orbital elevation; they
are Subacute, though feeble, and are feebly tuberculate at lateral third of the
entire width of the head; clypeus thence moderately declivous, smooth and
almost plane to the apex, which is subrectilinear, with a small median sinus
and limited at each side of the labrum by a moderately prominent angular
projection; from this projection proceeds a pronounced short longitudinal ele-
vation to the frontal ridge; supra-antennal elevation large and angularly
prominent anteriorly; labrum rather deeply sinuate in the middle at apex, the
surface adjoining the sinus deeply impressed and concave for a short distance.
Prothorax fully 44 wider than long, the apex slightly advanced in median 7
and subrectilinearly truncate, thence obliquely subsinuate to the rounded
apical angles; marginal groove punctate, inflexed at apex less than half way
to the middle, becoming deeper though only slightly wider, with acutely
limited margins and strongly and transversely rugose bottom; post-median de-
pression rather small, smooth; disk impunctate throughout though with min-
ute scattered punctules, the median groove coarse and deep. Scutellum deeply
and closely punctured, with a smooth median line. Elytra but little more
than 1g longer than wide, not quite 21g times as long as the prothorax, just

<

visibly wider behind the middle, the strie moderately impressed and finely

a ee

Coleopterological Notices, VIT. 647

punctured, the intervals feebly convex. Metasternum finely punctured and
pubescent toward the coxze and along the depressed epipleure, which become
wider behind. Tibiz distinctly pubescent, the middle and posterior without
trace of external spinules. Length 34.0-35.0 mm.; length of prothorax in
the larger 8.5, width 11.5 mm.; length of elytra 19.7, width 12.0 mm. Hon-
duras.

Closely allied to corticola but shorter, with the elytra, especi-
ally, less elongate and distinguished besides by the smaller,
deeper and narrower apical concavity of the labrum, cariniform
lateral limits of the plane of the clypeus, which are wanting in
corticola, in the smaller cephalic process with smaller median pro-
tuberance and less angulate lateral lobes, in the deeper, longer
and strongly rugose apical part of the lateral thoracic groove, and
in many other features. The small clypeal projections in the
Guerrero examples of corticola before me, are much feebler and
more widely separated than in the figure of Kaup, this distance
being fully 4 the entire width of the head ; in the present species
it is even greater still.

Verres cavilabris.—Parallel, rather stout and broadly convex, the
elytra deplanate above and rather abruptly but deeply vertical at the sides;
upper surface highly polished and glabrous throughout, except the short sparse
pubescence on the vertical wall of the elytral base. Head 34 as wide as the
prothorax, the upper surface somewhat as in the preceding species, except that
the posterior margin of the posterior ambient depression, which is broad, feeble
and indefinite throughout, seems to he indefinitely limited, the supra-orbital
ridges acutely carinate anteriorly and globularly dilated internally behind,
the central process much longer, with a long slender median projection, and
the lateral lobes more angulate, also in the form of the frontal ridge; the latter

. 1s ata slight distance in front of the deep horizontal excavation extending
under the horn, and is transversely and feebly arcuate, ending, at lateral third
of the entire width of the head, in an abrupt and strongly marked tubercle and
not extending further toward the sides; the clypeus between this ridge and
the tip is rapidly declivous, the apical margin broadly emarginate, with a
broad and still more pronounced sinus at the middle, exposing a transversely
truncate pale coriaceous piece between the upper surface of the labrum and
under surface of the clypeus; the emargination nearly equals 14 of the entire
width of the head in extent, and is limited at each side by a prominent angu-
lar projection, not connected at all with the tubercle forming the extremity of
the transverse frontal ridge; labrum about as long as wide, rather deeply
sinuate at tip, the surface deeply and abruptly concave in a parabolic area ex-
tending to basal fourth and including the apical sinus anteriorly; mandibles
unusually developed. Prothorax about %{ wider than long, the apex much
advanced toward the middle and transverse at tip, very oblique and subsinu-
ate laterally to the broadly rounded angles; lateral groove obsoletely and re-

648 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

motely punctate, inflexed and greatly dilated at tip for scarcely 74 the distance
to the middle, the excavation moderately deep, punctured and rather abruptly
defined at its arcuate posterior and interior limit, but shallow, indefinite and
smooth anteriorly to the apical edge; post-median depression strong, transverse
and smooth; disk impunctate, evenly, transversely convex, the median groove
fine and feeble. Scutellum punctate, with an impunctate median line. Elytra
parallel, not swollen behind, 14 longer than wide, 215 times as long as the pro-
thorax, finely striate, more coarsely on the vertical flanks, where also the punc-
tures become more distinct and the intervals distinctly narrower and more
convex. Pro- and mesosterna opaque, the metasternum polished but punctu-
late and pubescent broadly at the sides throughout, with numerous coarse
punctures along the hind margin. Tibiz densely pubescent externally, with-
out trace of external spines. Length* 39.5 mm.; length of prothorax 9.5,
width 12.5; length of elytra 21.0, width 13.0 mm. Honduras.

This remarkable species is evidently somewhat related to
hagenit Kaup, but differs in its stouter form and in having the
end tubercles of the transversely arcuate frontal ridge perfectly
and abruptly isolated laterally, and not connected with the supra-
orbital ridge by a transverse elevation. From cavicollis of Bates,
to which it is very closely allied, it appears to differ in its still
larger labral excavation, shorter transverse frontal ridge and
shorter and more transverse joints of the antennal club, Mr.
Bates states with regard to cavicollis “‘ metasterno punctulato-pu-
bescenti, medio solum glabro;” in the present species the pubes-
cent and punctured surface is confined to the sides, broadly an-
teriorly but not extending inward beyond the depressed side-piece
posteriorly.

NotrE.—For several years past I have had two series of examples separated
under the name cornutus Fabr., the series differing from each other quite con-_
Spicuously in size and in the structure of the cephalic process. From all that I
have been able to gather, the smaller form occurs more especially on the eastern
slopes of the Appalachian system, while the larger occurs generally to the west-
ward, although there is without doubt a mixture of the two in the intervening
regions. The eastern form, which may be regarded as the true cornutus, has the
cephalic process somewhat variable but small, thickened at base and cylindri-
cally pointed at its porrect apex, while the western form not only has the body
larger and slightly more elongate, but the horn much larger, with the porrect
portion flattened and the transverse section near base more angulate at the
sides. Although there are absolutely no other differential features-of note, it
seems nece:sary to consider these larger western forms, with more developed

corneous process, as at least a well-marked subspecies, which may be known
as distinctus Weber.

*The measurements of length include the mandibles in all the above de-
scriptions.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 649

The sexual differences in Passalus are extremely slight. For example, in
the typical cornutus, the male isa little larger than the female with the pro-
thorax wider and longer, about equaling the elytra in width, and the head is
more than 14 as wide as the elytra, with the horn moderately developed, while
the female has the prothorax noticeably narrower than the elytra, the latter
being more than twice as wide as the head, and the corneous process is very
small and narrow. The abdominal characters are precisely similar in the two
sexes, the marginal groove of the fifth segment being asexual in nature as in
Zopherus and some other types, and there are scarcely discernible differences
in the antenne, except that the first joint of the club is notably narrower than
the second in the female, but nearly equalin the male. In distinctus the sexual
differences are still less marked, there being no appreciable variation in the
corneous cephalic process ; in general form of body the male is but slightly
larger, though notably broader than the female.

CEPHALOID &.
CEPHALOON Newm.

The body in this very isolated type is elongate and convex,
with rather loose connective tissues as in Cistelidz, and, as in that
family, the claws are strongly pectinate; they are, however, more
largely developed than in Cistelidz, minutely pubescent and pro-
vided with a long, finely pubescent appendage ; there is a bisetose
onychium between them. The head is elongate, gradually and
obliquely narrowed behind the eyes, which are large, finely
faceted, deeply emarginate, anterior in position and minutely
setulose. The mentum is moderate in size, flat or concave, some-
what elongate-oval in form, truncate at apex and has its plane
much inclined to that of the narrow support; the maxille are very
large, prominently exposed at the sides of the mentum, the lobe
well developed, gradually acuminate and densely ciliate along its
inner edge. Ligula broad, with very large rounded paraglosse ;
labial palpi small, with the third joint triangular, compressed,
squarely truncate in arc at apex. Maxillary palpi long and much
developed, the last joint dilated, very obliquely truncate and ex-
cavated at tip. Antenne inserted at the sides of the head before
the eyes under the acute side margins of the front, slender,
11-jointed, the last three joints broader or not, differing in form
and vestiture from the preceding joints and forming a feeble club.
Clypeus Jarge and rather long, the suture fine but distinct. La-
brum long and greatly developed, the apex broadly and feebly bi-
lobed or sinuato-truncate. Mandibles long and arcuate but not

650 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

extending much beyond the labrum. Prothorax generally cam-
panulate, with everted basal angles, always distinctly narrower
than the elytra. Anterior and intermediate coxe very large and
greatly exposed, approximate, the anterior cavities large, conflu-
ent and very broadly open behind; posterior coxe contiguous,
extending to the sides of the body. Metasternum large, the epi-
sterna broad, becoming narrower behind. Abdomen composed of
five free segments, the fifth emarginate at tip in both sexes, more
narrowly in the female; sutures straight. Legs long and very
slender; tibial spurs well developed, simple; tarsi slender,
cylindrical, the penultimate joint unmodified.

The characters of the family as given by LeConte and Horn
(Class. Col. N. A., 2ed., p. 405), are unaccountably erroneous and
misleading, it being stated, for example, that the eyes are small,
the frontal suture not distinct, the prothorax at base as wide as
the elytra, that the side-pieces of the metasternum are narrow,
and, finally, that the abdomen is composed of six free ventral seg-
ments, with the sixth short and deeply emarginate in the male.

The family should follow the Cistelidz in our lists, and is out
of place in its present position near the (idemeridz. The species
inhabiting the United States are at least five in number, and may
be readily differentiated as follows :—

Prothorax larger and more campanulate, fully as long as the head or longer
and much broader at base, the everted basal angles more developed ; an-
tennz shorter, the last three joints slightly dilated in the female, the
ninth and tenth not notably elongate; neck feebly but abruptly con-
stricted.

Antenne short, not as long as the head and prothorax, the three outer joints
distinctly wider, the eighth distinctly shorter and much narrower than the
DUMB i caaiaiscdeanes ves daenas ones oo iee nates ene eae owen aadruas lepturides Newm.

Antenne longer than the head and prothorax, the eighth joint at least as

long as the ninth and generally longer.

Eyes separated by nearly their own width ; body generally uniformly tes-
taceous throughout, the antennz with the three basal joints pale, the
remainder blackish, becoming gradually paler at tip ; eighth joint fully
asilone asthe WMG W sence seacssnsesenecmceeecaeecceeeeeinee cee tenuicorne Lec.

Eyes separated by 15 to %4 of their own width, as viewed vertically ; body

variable in color.
Front between the antennz broad, as wide as the neck or wider.
_ -Wersicolor nb. sp.
Front narrower than the neck ; elytra more rapidly and obliquely nar-
rowed from the base and more acutely rounded at tip.
ornatum. 2. sp.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 651

Prothorax simall, shorter and only slightly wider than the head, scarcely 24 as
wide as the elytra ; antennz more elongate, the last three joints not broader
but less conical and very much elongated, at least in the male ; neck not ab-
MAU CMygRCOMSOLIC EEC. cstuecccmmmarcsasecen dae scetwore rican eee sieseecscs sees ungulare Lec.

Of wngulare I have seen only the male, the characters assigned
to the first four species of the table are however taken throughout
from the female. ii

C. versicolor.—Elongate, convex, alutaceous in lustre, minutely, closely
punctured and uniformly clothed with fine, short, pale and decumbent pubes-
cence throughout; body varying from blackish throughout, with the legs, front
parts of the head and basal and apical parts of the antenne paler, to pale tes-
taceous throughout, the apex of the femora, especially the posterior, generally:
suffusedly darker and the tip of the tibie blackish; pronotum in intermediate
forms blackish, with the flanks, tip and median basal parts paler, or pale tes-
taceous throughout, with two discal blackish spots; elytral suture and basal
parts of the flanks frequently blackish. Head elongate, slightly more than 14
as wide as the base of the prothorax, the post-ocular portion feebly impressed
along the middle, conical with the sides feebly sinuate; neck abruptly but mod-
erately constricted; eyes large, separated by 14 of their own width. <Antennz
about as long as the head and prothorax, the three outer joints very feebly
swollen, paler and more finely pubescent, the ninth and tenth subequal, 14
longer than wide and distinctly shorter than the eighth; eleventh elongate-
oval, about as long as the two preceding combined. Prothorax slightly elon-
gate, strongly campanulate, the apex rounded and about 7s as wide as the base,
the latter transverse with the sublateral sinuations feeble; sides rounded,
strongly convergent from near the middle; basal angles acute and strongly
everted; disk evenly convex, the median line sometimes feebly impressed an-
teriorly. Scutellum well developed, campanulate, not quite as long as its
basal width. Elytra 3 times as long as wide, 1; wider than the prothorax and
more than 3 times as long; sides subparallel, gradually rounded and convergent
in apical fourth or more; apex of each evenly and rather narrowly rounded;
disk longitudinally and feebly impressed within the rounded humeri, each
with feeble traces of three fine, longitudinal, elevated lines. Legs long and
very slender; hind tarsi as long as the tibiz. Length 10.0-12.5 mm.; width
2.2-3.2 mm.

Colorado?

Four specimens are before me from the Levette cabinet, with-
out indication of locality but probably taken in or near the region
suggested. The description is drawn from the female, the sinus
of the fifth ventral being small, deep and rounded. In the male
the body is smaller and narrower, with the elytra narrowed grad-
ually from the humeri, the antenne rather longer than the head
and prothorax, with the last three joints scarcely as thick, the
ninth a little longer than the tenth but each much shorter than.

652 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

the eighth, and the eleventh shorter than the two preceding, the
head more rapidly conical behind the eyes, which are larger and
separated by less than 4 of their own width, and the fifth ventral
with a large, deep and subangular sinus at tip. The sheath of the
intromittent organ has two elongate and slender apical appen-
dages, and the posterior margin of the third segment has a small
bifurcate process at the middle.

C. ornatum.—Elongate, convex and subrhomboidal, alutaceous, finely
punctate and pubescent as usual, the head black with the portions before the
eyes and a small spot behind the latter, pale testaceous; prothorax blackish
above and beneath, the flanks testaceous, the pale area extending obliquely in-
_ ward posteriorly to the median line near the base; basal parts blackish with a
large semi-isolated pale spot near each angle, a small spur of blackish from the
under surface also showing from above at the middle of the side margin; elytra
pale ochreous, the suture feebly blackish toward base; under surface blackish,
the mes-epimera and median parts of the abdomen pale; legs pale and colored
as in versicolor. Head elongate, the post-ocular portion conical, feebly impressed
toward the median line except toward base, and with the sides perfectly
straight; neck abruptly constricted, the base feebly and evenly sinuate in arc
to fit the anterior margin of the prothorax; eyes large but only feebly convex,
separated by 7 of their own width; antenne pale at base, missing in the type.
Prothorax distinctly longer than wide, campanulate, the sides arcuately sub-
prominent behind the middle; apex narrow and rounded; base transverse, with
the sinuations broad and feeble, the angles only moderate in size, very acute
and strongly everted. Scutellum much wider at base than long, the sides sin-
uate; apex strongly rounded. lytra barely 3 times as long as wide, between
1g and 14 wider than the prothorax and about 3 times as long; humeri longi-
tudinally swollen, rounded, the sides thence gradually convergent and very
broadly sinuate to near apical third, then broadly arcuate and more convergent
to the apices, which are narrowly and individually rounded; disk of each with
feeble traces of three fine elevated lines, feebly, longitudinally impressed
within the humeri. Legs long and slender, the hind tarsi fully as long as the
tibize. Length 10.5 mm.; width 2.75 mm.

Idaho (Ceur d’Aleéne).

The single representative of this species is a female, the notch
in the apex of the fifth ventral being small, deep and rounded ;
it is very distinct in coloration, the peculiar pattern of pronotal
ornamentation not being suggested by any of the variations of
versicolor,and,in that form,the eyes are much more approximate,
with the sides behind them broadly and just visibly sinuate.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 653

OTHNIID#.

ABABA 0. gen.

Body narrow and subcylindric, with erect bristling pubescence.
Head not narrower than the prothorax, prolonged behind the eyes
but not at all narrowed at base, the eyes entire, rather small, mod-
erately convex and prominent and finely faceted, transversely
truncate behind; front short and obliquely narrowed before the
eyes, the supra-antennal edge slightly prominent laterally but not
at all dorsally, the apex broadly emarginate in trapezoid. Labrum
very small, short and transverse. Mandibles short, thick, arcuate,
decussate, with at least one large oblique internal tooth behind the
apex, the latter acute. Mentum very small, the ligula small, the
labial palpi moderately developed, with the terminal joint broad,
triangular, compressed and with the apical truncature arcuate.
Maxillze wholly exposed at the sides of the mentum, the lobes
small, feebly setulose at tip, the palpi cylindric, with the joints
closely joined, the fourth feebly oblique, elongate, conical, at base
as wide as the third and #? longer, the apex narrowly obtuse. An-
tennee 11-jointed, short, attached at the sides of the front imme-
diately before the eyes ; last three joints broader, forming a loose
club. Prothorax parallel, the side-margins but feebly defined by
a simple edge, which is without a continuous: elevated line but
marked by a series of punctures with asperate interspaces appear-
ing as minute serrulationsfrom a dorsal point of view ; side-pieces
of the under surface not at all differentiated ; prosternum moder-
ately long before the coxze, which are small in size but rather
prominent, contiguous and with their cavities narrowly closed
behind. EHlytra cylindric, irregularly punctate, entire, the epi-
pleuree vertical, defined by a fine line near the margin, wider and
oblique in plane at base. Mesosternum narrowly separating the
middle coxe and intervening at the sides between the cavities and
the side-pieces, the episternum in isosceles triangle with the apex
behind, the epimeron a long scalene triangle separating the epi-
sternum from the sides of the closed elytra throughout. Meta-
sternum moderately long, the episternum narrow, disappearing
under the elytra behind ; hind coxze apparently slightly separated,
transverse, extending to the sides of the body. Abdomen con-
sisting of five free segments, with transverse apices and without

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Sci., IX, July, 1897.—43.

654 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

exposed connective membrane, the first as long as the uext two,
the last four gradually diminishing in length. Legs short and very
stout; femora much swollen throughout but especially the ante-
rior; tibiz short and stout, obliquely truncate at tip, apparently
without terminal spurs ; tarsi short and stout, 5-5—4-jointed, the
last joint as long as the remainder in all, the anterior pair very
broadly dilated and densely clothed with stiff yellowish hairs be-
neath; claws rather stout, well developed, arcuate, simple and
divaricate.

The single species assignable to this genus, the relationship of
which seemed rather difficult to determine at first, is small and
quite insignificant in appearance, and was forwarded to me by Mr.
H. F. Wickham as one of his captures in the delta region of the
lower Rio Grande.

A. crinita n. sp.—Parallel, subcylindric, feebly depressed above, shining,
dark rufo-testaceous and somewhat sparsely clothed throughout with moder-
ately long, stiff, erect hairs; legs and elytra brighter rufous. Head subdeflexed,
fully as long as wide, cylindrically and evenly convex above, strongly pune-
tate, the punctures slightly elongate, well separated but closer and subrugose
near the sides of the front; eyes at nearly twice their length from the pro-
thorax; antennz as long as the prothorax, sparsely bristling, the first joint
globularly enlarged to some extent. Prothorax as long as wide, very feebly
narrowed and with slightly arcuate sides from apex to base; apex transverse,
feebly arcuate toward the angles, which are not prominent; basal angles ob-
tuse; surface subcylindrically convex, even, the basal margin depressed
beneath the general surface; punctures deep, strong, moderately coarse, dis-
tinetly separated, becoming slightly elongate toward the sides, the marginal
serrulation exceedingly fine, feeble and obtuse. Scutellum flat, moderately
small, transversely oval. lytra parallel, with the sides straight, semicircu-
larly rounded at tip, #4 longer than wide, 214 times as long as the prothorax
and fully 14 wider; base truncate, the humeri feebly tumid, slightly more
than right but forming a distinct angle; surface feebly flattened toward the
suture, coarsely, deeply and irregularly punctate, the punctures becoming
gradually smaller behind, well separated throughout. Length 2.15 mm.;
width 0.63 mm.

Texas (Brownsville).
No note concerning the habits of this interesting species has
been received as yet, but it is probably predaceous like Othnius.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 655

CURCULIONIDZA.

BALANININI.
BALANINUS Germ.

The species having short beaks in both sexes are numerous
within the borders of the United States, and have been only
superficially elaborated thus far; the table given below is there-
fore confined to them alone. In the table published by Mr.
Blanchard (Bull. Bk. Ent. Soc., 1884, p. 106) this particular group
is represented by two species, obtusus and uniformis; confusor was
subsequently defined by Dr. Hamilton. Nine other species are
now added. The species having the beak of the female longer
than the body are far less numerous, and will probably not be
materially increased by future collecting.

In determining the systematic position of the tribe Balaninini,
more weight should be given to ungual structure than to that of
the meso-parapleure, for, as I have elsewhere pointed out, the
oblique truncature of the humeri although the most constant and
characteristic peculiarity of the Barini, is not confined by any
means to that tribe but may appear in a more or less marked
form in several other sections of the Curculionide, but, aside
from this, in point of fact the obliquity of humeral truncature in
the Balaninini is barely discernible, and is not at all comparable
with the conformation of these parts in the Barini. In the latter
tribe one of the most significant general characters is the sim-
plicity of the tarsal claws; in the Anthonomini on the other hand,
the toothed modifications are one of the most characteristic fea-
tures, simplicity being the notable exception. In Balaninus the
claws are conspicuously toothed internally, and this, in conjunc-
‘tion with the general habitus of the body, would seem to deter-
mine its closer relationship with the Anthonomini.

The following table includes only those species in which the
beak of the female is distinctly shorter than the body, and is con-
nected with the preceding section, containing those with the beak
of the female longer than the body, by nasicus, the latter bearing
a striking superficial resemblance to confusor, which is placed at
tne head of the table :—

Beak of the female as long as the elytra or longer, but never quite as lon» as
the body, that of the male much shorter.

656 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

Femoral teeth moderate in size, their distal slope oblique, the reéntrant
angle rounded.

Femora stout and more strongly inflated ; prothorax more arcuate at the
sides and usually distinctly narrowed at base, with the sublateral vitte
of paler scales more evident ; elytral vestiture variegated, with a trans-
verse pale band near apical third generally more evident as in nasécus.

confusor Ham.

Femora less stout and less strongly inflated, the prothorax never nar-

rowed at base, with the sublateral pale vittz less evident except occa-
sionally toward base.

The femora more properly swollen beneath, with a small erect denticle
at the summit of the swelling ; tibiz thick ; body very short and
thick, with widely exposed humeri ; basal joint of the antennal
club shorter, evenly Obconic..................06+- humeralis n. sp.

The femora normally toothed beneath, with the tibiz less thick ; body
narrower and more elongate-oval, with less prominent humeri ;
basal joint of antennal club longer, generally subpedunculate
toward base. ,

Vestiture less dense, the scales somewhat separated, not entirely
concealing the blackish surface of the elytra...... uniformis Lec.
Vestiture dense, concealing the surface of the elytra; first joint of
the antennal club less evidently prolonged or pedunculate at
base.

Scales of the strial punctures short and broad ; body very small.
mnanulus n. sp.

Scales of the strial punctures long and narrow.
Beak in the male very short, 44 as long as the body, the an-
tennze shorter and thicker, the scape attached beyond the
Fn C00 Ue ena RAR USB Coon eR U RRR nace arin dic occidentis n. sp.

Beak in the male nearly as long as the elytra, the antennz
longer and more slender, the scape attached distinctly behind
the middle ; body shorter and thicker... undulatus n. sp.

Femoral teeth large and very conspicuous, their distal slope almost perpen-
dicular, the reéntrant angle right and sharply defined.

Prothorax widest at the middle, more or less distinctly and arcuately nar-.
rowed thence to the base; vestiture of the elytra distinctly variegated
in wavy transverse lines of pale luteous and dark brown..Strictus n. sp.

Prothorax not narrower at base; elytral vestiture much less variegated,
the humeri decidedly more prominent; legs long, the femoral teeth ex-
tremely 1Arge ss. ncesccscsteer ch stitemsleceise demos seme aancanenene longipes nt. sp.

Beak in the female short, not as long as the elytra, the sexual differences be-
coming almost inappreciable except probably in sulcatulus; femoral teeth
as in uniformis.

Body narrow, elongate-oval and much smaller in size, the elytral striz
coarse, about 14 as wide as the intervals; beak more slender.
sulcatulus n. sp.

Coleopterolugical Notices, VII. 657

Body stout, the elytral intervals very broad when compared with the striz.
Last ventral segment of the female unimpressed and clothed with long
dense vestiture to the apex.

Elytral vestiture strongly variegated or irregularly tesselate; beak of
the female subcarinate above for a considerable distance from the base.
NIASSACHUSELLS. ac. cjcsescetasreccsssceececswetcassatinseescncsies obtusus Blanch.

Elytral vestiture feebly variegated or nearly uniform, the beak of the
female feebly carinate only at the extreme base. New Mexico.

brevirostris n. sp.
Last ventral of the female impressed at the middle, the vestiture becom-
ing shorter, as well as hair-like, toward tip; elytral vestiture strongly

MATEO ALE. vas'esisjawe wy .ciaesulseociees cues eahriacmeidertisesnepmecsiaeos monticola n. sp.

These short-beaked species probably feed upon nuts having thin
and exposed shells, such as acorns, and this circumstance, if true,
will account for their greater variety and numbers, the oaks being
numerous in species and having widely varying characteristics,
which must exert more or less influence in evolving what we
designate species among the depredating insects. The new spe-
cies are described below in order.

B. humeralis.—Very stout and thick, subrhomboidal; integuments dark
piceo-rufous in color, the prothorax piceous-black; vestiture moderately dense,
nearly uniform, pale ochreous in color, the scales on the pronotum slender
and directed transversely. Head scarcely more than * as wide as the pro-
thorax, the eyes separated by nearly °4 of their own width, the intermediate
surface with a small rounded puncture; beak equal in length to the elytra,
moderately slender, evenly and distinctly arcuate throughout the length,
punctate and feebly carinate above toward base, the antenne inserted just be-
hind the middle; first four funicular joints decreasing rather rapidly in length,
the club elongate-fusiform, very densely pubescent. Prothoraw relatively
rather small, short, fully 14 wider than long, the sides subparallel and very
feebly arcuate to near the apex, then rapidly rounded and sinuate to the dis-
tinectly tubulate and truncate apex; base broadly lobed at the middle; surface
moderately convex, densely and somewhat coarsely punctured. Llytra short,
not longer than wide, twice as long as the prothorax and fully % wider, the
sides rapidly convergent and very feebly arcuate from the rather widely ex-
posed and prominent humeri, the apex parabolic; strie moderately coarse,
deep, strongly and somewhat distantly punctate, the intervals wide and feebly
convex, strongly and closely punctato-rugose. Legs rather stout. Length
(exclusive of the beak) 6.5 mm.; width 3.5 mm.

Florida.

This distinct and isolated species is described from the male,
the abdomen being strongly impressed toward the middle of the
two basal segments; the fifth segment is narrowly and feebly
Sinuate at tip, with the surface feebly impressed, subtumid at each

658 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

side near the apex. ‘The facies of the body is quite different from
that of any other species, owing to the short rhomboidal form,
prominent humeri and distinctly tubulate apex of the prothorax.
A single specimen, probably from the extreme southern part of
the State.

B. nanulus.— Rather short and stout, subrhomboidal, piceous-black, the
legs rufescent; beak and antennz pale rufous; integument densely clothed
with an almost uniform mixture of white and brown scales, the latter longer
and more slender; white scales of the strial punctures generally shorter and
broader. Head nearly 14 as wideas the prothorax, the eyes separated by but
little more than 144 their own width, theinterval feebly suleatulate; beak slen-
der, almost evenly arcuate, about as long as the elytra; antennz slender, in-
serted at about the middle, the first four joints of the funicle uniformly and
rather rapidly decreasing in length, the club elongate, fusiform and very
densely pubescent. Prothorax relatively small, fully 44 wider than long, the.
sides parallel and nearly straight in basal 35, then moderately convergent and
subrectilinear to the truncate apex; disk densely punctured, the slender scales
close-set and arranged transversely, meeting along a fineand rather prominent
median line. lytra but slightly longer than wide, more than twice as long
as the prothorax and fully ?¢ wider, the humeri moderately exposed and sub-
prominent; sides feebly convergent to near apical third, then much more
rapidly and more arcuate to the tip; striz moderately coarse and deep, rather
coarsely punctate, the intervals nearly flat and subrugose. Legs rather short,
the femora quite feebly inflated. Length 4.8 mm.; width 2.3 mm.

New Mexico (Las Vegas).

The single representative is a male, having the abdomen dis-
tinctly impressed in the middle toward base, the fifth only
slightly flattened, with the vestiture becoming finer, more hair-
like and suberect toward the middle and tip, and with the apex
transversely truncate, the pygidium clothed densely with long
erect brown and white hairs, the former the longer. This species
seems to be quite isolated and not closely related to any other.

B. occidentis.—Elongate-suboval, strongly convex, dark in color, with
dark rufous beak and antennz and very densely clothed throughout with
ochreous-yellow scales, only very slightly and unevenly variegated with some-
what darker brownish, the scales all long and yery narrow, arranged trans-
versely and hair-like on the pronotum, where they generally become whitish
sublaterally toward base, paler, very broad, extremely dense and more closely
decumbent beneath. Head 14 as wide as the prothorax, the eyes separated by
but little more than 14 of their own width, the intervening surface scarcely
impressed; beak moderately slender, shorter than the elytra, nearly straight,
becoming arcuate distally, the antennz inserted slightly beyond the middle,
the funicle unusually stout and setose, with the first four joints decreas-

ee
(tabs
vl
4
:

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 659

ing rather rapidly in length, the club fusiform and densely pubescent, with
the first joint narrowed and glabrous at base. Prothorax moderate in size,
densely punctate, 7g wider than long, the sides moderately convergent and
broadly, almost evenly arcuate from base to apex, rather straighter and more
convergent near the latter; apex transversely truncate. Elytra about 44 longer
than wide, distinctly more than twice as long as the prothorax and fully %
wider, the outline narrowly and almost evenly ogival from base to apex, the
humeri only moderately exposed and subprominent; striz somewhat fine,
punctured, the intervals broad and nearly flat, subrugose and concealed by the
vestiture. Legs moderate in length and in degree of femoral dilatation.
Length 5.9-6.6 mm. ; width 2.8-3.1 mm.

California (Sta. Cruz, Sonoma and Siskiyou Cos.).

This species is somewhat allied to the eastern untformis, but
differs in its smaller size, shorter form, very dense covering of
slender ochreous scales, shorter and less slender male antennal
funicle, with the scape in the female fully as long as the next
three joints combined, narrower and more acuminate fifth ventral
of the male, and in its entire habitus. The description is drawn
from the male, that sex having the abdomen distinctiy impressed
medially at the base and the fifth segment very feebly impressed
and less pubescent toward the middle, with the apex concealed by
the long dense fulvous vestiture, the pygidium bristling with
long dense hairs as usual. The female is larger, nearly identical
in form but with a slightly larger prothorax, the beak 2 as long
as the body, the antenne inserted between basal third and fourth,
with the funicle longer and more slender and the club smaller and
shorter, and the fifth ventral parabolic and feebly impressed, be-
ing also less pubescent at the middle. The vestiture along the
elytral suture is more prominent, dense and suberect except to-
ward base.

B. undulatus.—Stout, only moderately convex above, elongate-sub-
oval, dark in color: beak and antennz rufous, the former piceous toward base;
vestiture dense, the scales long and slender, pale ochreous in color, variegated
on the elytra with well-defined but broken wavy bands of darker brown.
Head distinctly less than 44 as wide as the prothorax, the eyes separated by 24
of their own width; beak moderately slender, almost evenly and rather
strongly arcuate, not quite as long as the elytra, the antennz inserted dis-
tinetly behind the middle; funicle slender, with the first four joints decreasing
rapidly in length, the club elongate-fusiform, densely pubescent, equal in
length to the first funicular joint, with the apices of the joints distinctly ex-
posed at the edges. Prothorax well developed, 74 wider than long, the sides
very feebly convergent and slightly arcuate to apical third, then more
rounded, convergent and subsinuate to the apex, which is feebly and angu-

660 Coleopterological Notices, VIT.

larly sinuate and but little more than 1g as wide as the base; surface densely
punctate. Llytra but little longer than wide, only slightly more than twice
as long as the prothorax and about % wider, subogival in form, the humeri
moderately prominent and exposed; striz rather coarse, strongly punctured,
the intervals nearly flat, moderately broad, rugose. Entire under surface very
densely clothed with broader, more decumbent whitish scales. Legs moderate
in length and femoral dilatation. Length 6.5 mm.; width 3.4 mm.

Arizona.

The type isa male, having the usual large feeble indentation
at the base of the abdomen, the fifth segment toward tip and the
pygidium bristling with long dense pale hairs, the former promi-
nent at each side near the tip, with the apex concealed but prob-
ably truncate. This species may be distinguished from occidentis
by the more elongate beak, with more posteriorly inserted an-
tenne and larger prothorax of the male.

B. strictus.—Narrow and elongate-subrhomboidal, rather convex, dark
in color, the legs, beak and antennze rufous; vestiture dense, the scales long
and very slender, pale brown in color, paler toward the flanks of the prothorax;
in large irregularly subtransverse elytral areas and on the under surface, where
they become broader and more decumbent as usual. Head rather more than
1g as wide as the prothorax, the eyes separated by 3 of their own width, with
the interval not distinctly impressed; beak slender, feebly arcuate, rather more
so toward tip, % to 94 as long as the body, the antenne inserted a little be-
hind basal third, the scape rather longer than the first three joints of the funi-
cle, which decrease rapidly in length as usual, the club elongate, fusiform and
densely pubescent. Prothorax relatively small, nearly 144 wider than long,
widest at the middle, where the sides are rounded, thence very feebly conver- _
gent and slightly arcuate to the base, and much more rapidly convergent and
feebly sinuate to the apex, the latter transversely truncate and 36 as wide as
the base; surface densely punctate. Elytra 14 longer than wide, 2%¢ times as
long as the prothorax and very nearly 14 wider, elongate-ogival in form, the
humeri moderately exposed and rather prominent; strie deep and punctured)

the intervals flat, rugose and moderately wide. Legs moderate in length and
femoral dilatation, the femoral tooth very large and conspicuous. Length
5.8-6.7 mm.; width 2.5-3.0 mm.

New Mexico (Las Vegas).

The types before me are females and I have not seen the
male; the species can be distinguished at once from any of those
allied to uniformis by the very large femoral tooth, as described
in the table, as well as by the peculiar form of the prothorax.
The female has a small and very feeble median indentation at the
middle of the fifth ventral.

Two specimens labeled “ New Jersey,” both males, are placed

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 661

with this species for the present; they are evidently shorter and
stouter in general form, with the beak about as long as the elytra,
but agree in the peculiar ornamentation of the elytra, form of the
prothorax and dentition of the femora.

B. longipes.—Moderately stout, thick and elongate-subrhomboidal,
rufo-testaceous in color, the beak and antenne still paler rufous; vestiture ex-
tremely dense, consisting of long, slender and pale brownish-ochreous scales,
feebly interspersed with slightly paler spots on the elytra and also paler toward
the sides of the prothorax, more whitish, broader and dense on the under sur-
face. Head nearly 14 as wide as the prothorax, the eyes separated by nearly 34
of their own width, the interval broadly and feebly concave; beak 4¢ as long
as the body, very slender, rather arcuate, more strongly beyond the middle; an-
tenn inserted somewhat behind basal third, slender, the funicle long, with
the first four joints decreasing in length, the club fusiform, densely pubescent
and as long as the two preceding joints combined. Prothorax well developed,
26 wider than long, the sides rather more rounded just before the middle, thence
very feebly divergent and slightly arcuate to the base and more strongly con-
vergent and just visibly sinuate to the apex, which is truncate, becoming feebly
sinuate at the middle; disk densely punctate. lytra scarcely 14 longer than
wide, nearly 214 times as long as the prothorax and a little less than 14 wider;
humeri rather widely exposed and prominent, the sides thence rather strongly
convergent and nearly straight, rapidly subparabolic at tip, with the posterior
discal swelling somewhat noticeable; striz moderate, rather closely punctate,
the intervals wide; sutural vestiture rather prominent posteriorly. Legs un-
usually long, the femora moderately dilated, with the tooth very large, its ver-
tical distal edge much longer than the femoral width in continuation of it.
Length 6.5-7.0 mm.; width 3.2-3.6 mm.

Colorado (Manitou).

The description is from a female example, the fifth ventral in
that sex having a small median concavity which is much less
densely clothed. The male is a little smaller but does not differ
greatly in form, having the beak distinctly shorter than the elytra,
with the antenne inserted at the middle, the club a little larger
and more elongate, the abdomen broadly and feebly impressed at
base, and the truncate fifth segment toward the sides and the en-
tire pygidium bristling with long erect hairs.

This species very closely resembles the Californian occidentis,
but differs in the more prominent femoral teeth, longer legs and
beak, more rhomboidal and less oval form, more prominent humeri
and several other features.

B. sulcatulus.—Narrowly elongate-oval and strongly convex, dark

piceous in color, the legs rufescent, the beak and antennz rufous ; vestiture
white, variegated with indefinite subtransverse patches on the elytra, in which

662 | Coleopterological Notices, VII.

the scales become slightly less slender and very dense ; scales of the pronotum
linear and sparse, becoming wider and denser toward the sides, broad and dense
on the under surface. Head fully 14 as wide as the prothorax, the eyes sepa-
rated by slightly more than 14 of their own width, the intermediate surface
not foveate ; beak slender, straight, becoming gradually feebly arcuate distally,
very nearly as long as the elytra and nearly % as long as the body, the an-
tennz inserted at basal third, the scape short, not as long as the first three
joints of the funicle, the latter decreasing rapidly in length. Prothorax mod-
erately developed, scarcely 7g wider than long, the sides subparallel, evenly
and rather strongly arcuate, becoming more rapidly convergent and then sin-
uate anteriorly, the apex subtubulate and transversely rectilinear ; surface
rather coarsely, densely punctate. Hlytra more elongate than usual in thissec-
tion of the genus, 1s longer than wide, 2¢ wider than the prothorax, evenly
elongate-ogival in form, acute behind, the subapical prominences almost obso-
lete ; suture slightly prominent toward tip ; humeri narrowly exposed and
rounded ; striz coarse, deep and punctate, 14 as wide as the intervals, the lat-
ter flatand rugose. Legs rather short, the femora only feebly inflated. Length
5.2 mm.; width 2.4mm.

New Mexico (Las Vegas).

This small species is allied structurally to wntformis by the in-
sertion of the antenne, but is placed in the present subsection
because of the very short beak; it is however quite isolated and
distinct. The fifth ventral of the female, which is the only sex
known to me, is broadly parabolic, and is scarcely visibly im-
pressed and not differently clothed toward the middle. In the
female of uniformis the abdomen is clothed with narrower scales
toward tip and the fifth segment is deeply indented, the size, also,
being much larger; in addition to this the beak is as long as the
elytra, and the elytral intervals four or five times as wide as the
strie.

B. brevirostris.—Stout, strongly convex and subrhomboidal, blackish
in color, the legs rufescent; beak and antennz rufous; vestiture consisting of
long slender scales, dense and concealing the integuments, pale luteous-brown
in color, with but feeble vestiges of variegation on the elytra. Head not quite
1g as wide as the prothorax, the eyes separated by fully %4 of their own width,
the interval flat, densely punctured but not medially foveate; beak very short,
scarcely more than 14 as long as the body, somewhat stout, straight, becoming
feebly arcuate toward tip, distinctly punctured toward base, the antennze in-
serted near basal %, the funicle rather slender, with the three basal joints de-
creasing rather rapidly in length, the club well developed. Prothoraa relatively
rather large, #4 wider than long, the sides broadly and almost evenly arcuate
and feebly convergent from the base almost to the apex, where they become feebly
sinuate; apex feebly, subangularly emarginate; surface densely punctate, the
punctures largely coalescent sublongitudinally. Elytra slightly longer than

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 663

wide, subtriangular with feebly arcuate sides, the subapical swellings distinct;
humeri rounded, very moderately exposed and scarcely prominent; striz mod-
erately fine, punctured. Legs rather short, the femoral enlargement moder-
ately strong, the teeth rather well developed but with the distal slope oblique.
Length 6.3-6.5 mm.; width 3.2 mm.

New Mexico (Las Vegas).

The type described above is a female, in order to better com-
pare the species with those closely related. The male is a little
shorter, with the prothorax relatively smaller, and the humeri
more exposed and prominent; the beak is scarcely shorter than
in the female, as long as the body, more strongly and evenly
arcuate, more punctured and carinate above toward base and
with the antennz inserted at apical 2; the abdomen is broadly
impressed at base toward the middle, and the fifth segment is
sinuato-truncate at tip.

This species is evidently allied to obtusus, but differs in its
smaller size, less obese form, relatively larger prothorax of the
female, narrower and less broadly oval dense scutellar cluster of
squamules, less variegated vestiture and in numerous other
characters.

’ B. monticola.—Elongate-suboval, strongly convex, black, the legs feebly
rufescent ; beak and antennz rufo-piceous; vestiture dense, consisting of rather
broad whitish scales, variegated with browner patches on the elytra, a
transverse band of whitish near apical third more conspicuous, the scales nar-
rower and brownish on the pronotum, where they are arranged transversely as
usual, broader and paler beneath. Head 14 as wide as the prothorax, the eyes
separated by %4 of their own width, without distinct intermediate puncture,
the beak scarcely more than 14 as long as the elytra, moderately stout, arcuate
distally, the antennz inserted slightly behind the middle, the scape nearly as
long as the first four joints of the funicle, the latter decreasing in length ; club
moderate in size, rather stout. Prothorax well developed, scarcely ?¢. wider
than long, the sides subparallel and broadiy arcuate to near apical third, then
more rapidly rounded and convergent, becoming sinuate near the apex, the
latter subtubulate, truncate, feebly sinuate at the middle; surface densely
punctate. lytra not 4 longer than wide, rather more than 7g wider than the
prothorax, subogival in form, the subapical prominences moderate>; humeri
moderately exposed and rounded. Legs and femoral dilatation moderate.
Length 6.5 mm.; width 3.2 mm.

Colorado (Colorado Springs). Mr. Wickham.

The only specimen known to me is a female, the fifth ventral
being triangular in form and with a pronounced medial indenta-
tion toward tip. This species is allied somewhat to obfusus and

664 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

brevirostris, but differs from the former more especially in its
much less obese form, and from the latter in its much more
variegated vestiture; from both it differs in its rather more sub-
tubulate apex of the prothorax and in the indentation of the fifth
ventral segment of the female.

TYCHIINI.
TYCHIUS Schonh.

The minute species constituting subgenus IV, as previously
defined by me, are becoming known in considerable number ; they
inhabit the dry and barren regions of the southwestern United
States. The three following are to be added to those previously
defined (Col. Not. IV, p. 420):

T. sulcatulus n. sp.—Oblong-oval, moderately convex above, black, the
legs feebly picescent, the beak feebly rufo-piceous toward tip; body densely
clothed with a crust of large, rounded and concave scales, which are wanting
in certain areas on the elytra, especially on intervals two to four, where they
are replaced by narrower and rather brownish scales, a small transverse median
spot of large scales behind the middle, involving the second interval, excepted ;
scales sometimes becoming brownish also at each side of the middle line of
the pronotum, more broadly toward base, the elytral intervals also with dis-
tant scales which are suberect. Head and beak densely incrusted with whitish
scales, glabrous but still somewhat rugose toward tip, rather strongly tapering
throughout, the antenne inserted at or beyond the middle. Prothorax twice
as wide as the head, 1g to 7g wider than long, the sides moderately convergent
and arcuate from base to apex, feebly sinuate behind the latter, which is trun-
cate and fully 3 as wide as the base; punctures concealed, dense. Elytra
rather short, about 1g longer than wide, 244 times as long as the prothorax and
lg wider, the sides parallel and nearly straight, broadly rounded behind;
humeri distinctly exposed and rounded; striz very coarse, deep and sulciform,
strongly punctured, the intervals feebly rugose, alternately narrow and much
wider. Legs short and stout, densely squamose, the scales of the femora large
and rounded. Length 1.5-1.7 mm.; width 0.65-0.75 mm.

Texas (Brownsville—Pt. Isabel). Mr. Wickham.

A small maritime species, remarkable in having the elytral
strize coarse and deep and alternating in distance asunder. The
sexual differences do not seem to be very marked in the large
series in my cabinet. It may be placed near simplex.

T. inermis n. sp.—Oval, strongly convex, piceous-black, the integu-
ments densely clothed with long slender decumbent scales, whitish in color

but variegated with large confused areas of darker brown, whitish toward the
sides and along the median line of the pronotum, larger, broadly oval and

»

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 665

nearly white beneath, without trace of erect scales or sete. Head and basal.
parts of the beak densely squamose; beak stout toward base, the portion be-
yond the antennz rapidly narrower, polished and glabrous, as long as the head
and prothorax, a little shorter and stouter in the male, the antennz inserted
at the middle in the femaie and at apical 2g in the male, the first funicular
joint longer than the next two combined, especially in the male,and much
stouter. Prothorax more than %¢ wider than long, 244 times as wide as the
head, the sides strongly convergent, strongly and almost evenly arcuate from
base to apex, minutely sinuate just behind the latter; punctures not wholly
concealed, circular, moderate in size, nearly in mutual contact but not
crowded. lytra neatly 214 times as long as the prothorax and about % wider,
%, longer than wide, the sides parallel and feebly arcuate; apex broadly ob-
tuse; humeri slightly exposed and oblique; striz rather fine, strongly punc-
tate, the intervals feebly convex, slightly rugose, with the scales disposed
closely and irregularly. Legs rather short and stout. Length 1.7-2.0 mm.;
width 0.8-0.9 mm.

Texas (Brownsville). Mr. Wickham.

This species is to be placed near mica, but is slightly larger
and more elongate, with narrower squamules, and differs besides
in the larger first funicular joint of the male. It is represented
before me by a large series.

T. transversus n. sp.—Oblong, strongly convex, blackish, the legs and
beak rufous; body clothed throughout with a very dense crust of large, broadly
rounded, non-strigose and overlapping scales, which conceal the integuments,
the scales whitish and of various shades of brown, the white scales more evi-
dent toward the sides and mid-basal regions of the pronotum, in a large sutural
spot before the middle of the elytra and in an almost entire straight trans-
verse band near apical third, the elytral striz evident merely as fine lines sepa-
rating the single or partially double lines of scales, the intervals bearing
single series of widely separated and very long, erect bristles, which are stri-
gose and uniformly tapering from base to their acute apices. Head and beak
clothed with the dense indument of scales, with erect sparse spinules irregu-
larly disposed; beak short, very rapidly tapering, not longer than the pro-
thorax, the antenne inserted at the middle, the portion beyond the antenne
glabrous and shining. Prothorax nearly as long as wide, thesides parallel and
nearly straight to near apical fourth, then rounded and converging for a short
distance to the broadly tubulate apex, the latter broad, truncate, 74 as wide as
the base; sculpture entirely concealed, the bristles sparse, much shorter than
those of the elytra. lytra rather short, scarcely 1s longer than wide, more
than twice as long as the prothorax and 3 wider; sides parallel and nearly
straight; apex broadly and obtusely subangulate from above; humeri quite
widely exposed at base and rather narrowly rounded; surface entirely con-
cealed. Legs short, densely squamose. Length 1.3 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

Arizona (Tu¢son).

666 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

This species is allied to sefosus, but differs in its much longer
erect bristles, denser and more uniform crust of scales, pattern of
ornamentation, and many other less prominent characters. Three
specimens.

SIBINIA Germ.

The following species seems to be congeneric with fulva, but is
very much smaller and more narrowly oval, and has the scutellum
concealed, as in the European primita, which it considerably re-
sembles in outline. ;

8. ochreosa n. sp.—Oval, strongly convex, dark rufo-piceous in color,
the beak and legs pale; integuments densely clothed above with moderately
elongate, closely decumbent, uniformly bright ochreous-yellow scales, the
scales denser and more prominent by superposition along the median parts of
the elytral intervals, but without isolated suberect squamules, the scales of
the under surface whitish and much broader, forming a dense crust. Head
and basal parts of the beak densely squamulose as usual, the beak distinctly
shorter than the head and prothorax in both sexes, differing but little sexually,
rapidly tapering, polished and glabrous beyond the antennz, the latter in-
serted at the middle in the female and just beyond that point in the male,
short and stout in both, the scape relatively shorter and the club smaller in
the female. Prothorax about 244 times as wide as the head, 14 to 3 wider
than long, the sides strongly convergent and almost evenly arcuate from base
to the feeble apical sinuation; apex rather less than 3 as wide as the base;
punctures concealed, moderate in size and depth and polygonally crowded.
Elytra rather short, oval, less than 244 times as long as the prothorax and not
more than 2£ wider; sides parallel, distinctly and evenly arcuate, the apex
broadly obtuse, the apices individually rounded; humeri obliquely rounded
and not exposed at base; strie moderate in width, shallow, with deep and
somewhat widely separated punctures, each of which bears a long slender and
decumbent hair-like squamule. Legs short and stout, rather densely squamu-
lose. Length 1.4-1.6 mm.; width 0.65-0.75 mm.

Texas (Brownsville). Mr. Wickham.

Resembles Tychius sibinioides, but with the beak shorter and
the scales of the upper surface shorter and denser, without semi-
erect squamules along the intervals,

ZYGOPINI.

The generic characters of this tribe were only superficially
outlined by LeConte in the ‘“ Rhynchophora of America North
of Mexico,” and Zygops had not been discovered within our
territories at that time. Psomus, allied to Acoptus, has also
been added recently. Another statement of the genera occurring.

ah) le all
ii
a
A

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 667

in the United States would therefore seem to be desirable. It is
quite evident that none of our genera, except Zygops, can be
held to be identical with the tropical groups defined by Schon-
herr; I have therefore regarded them as different in the follow-
ing table and have assigned new names to the Piazurus and Cop-
turus of LeConte :—

Pygidium large, vertical and exposed, the axial line of the abdomen nearly

straight; mesosternum vertical, the side-pieces not obliquely truncating the
elytral humeri; eyes very approximate on the front; antennal club well de-
veloped, very densely pubescent, with the basal joint moderate in size; four
anterior femora minutely, the posterior strongly, toothed beneath; species
PEMOINE RAE lye l als Cn ITMSIZEs .is.accins y dation clacton biel « asplete ciee'sin’oeegcie oasae'ctscieciaes Zysops

Pygidium completely concealed by the elytra.

Abdomen rapidly ascending toward tip.

Mesosternum excavated for the reception of the tip of the beak, the mes-
epimeron obliquely truncating the elytral humeri; eyes narrowly sepa-
rated; antennal club rather well developed, feebly pubescent, strongly
annulate, the basal joint constituting 14 of the entire length; femora
minutely and subequally toothed beneath; body small in size....Gelus

Mesosternum not excavated, the beak free at tip; mes-epimeron narrowly

and feebly truncating the humeri obliquely; femora without trace of
tooth.

Eyes widely separated on the front; antennal club large, elongate-oval
and well developed, pubescent and strongly annulated, the basal joint
constituting 7 of the entire length; vestiture nearly as in Copturodes;
hocvamoderatelyssmiall ce mcseseneccaceeos-ecesseccescsesacessscosca: Gyrotus

Eyes narrowly separated or subcontiguous on the front.

Antennal club well developed, distinctly though not very cence
pubescent, strongly annulated, the basal joint constituting scarcely

14 of the entire length; scales of the vestiture broadly oval and non-
strigose; species small or moderately small in size... Copturodes
Antennal club very small, elongate-oval and subglabrous, becoming
pubescent at tip, feebly annulated, the basal joint constituting

much more than 14 of the mass; ornamental scales elongate and
strigose; species very small in Size .....,............0.++- Zysomicrus
Abdomen horizontal throughout; eyes approximate on the front; elytral

humeri not obliquely truncated. :

Beak free throughout, the prosternal channel narrow and subobsolete; an-
tennz stout, the club well developed; femora minutely and equally
toothed beneath; body moderately small, densely squamose and with
COATSE Chi tralSbiTice see see teacescscoreeese ce scence csesecccmetencscseaserces Acoptus

Beak not quite free, the prosternal groove well defined though shallow
and serving asa partial shelter in repose; antennz very slender, the club
small; femora not toothed; body very small and convex, subglabrous
above, with widely exposed humeri, the elytral strize fine....Psomus

668 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

The few species assigned to Piazurus by LeConte do not be-
long to the Piazurides of Lacordaire at all, but to the Lechri-
opides, the mesosternal canal being closed behind and not open
in the form of a gutter, as it is in the much larger and broadly
rhomboidal Piazurus; that genus differs moreover in its elongate
third joint of the antennal funicle and very strongly toothed
femora. The genus Gelus, which I have proposed above for
oculatus and californicus, is very closely allied to Lechriops, as
shown by a Brazilian representative of the latter before me, but
differs in having the abdominal sutures two to four strongly re- _
flexed at the sides, only the second being affected in Lechriops
in its much shorter and stouter legs and in its non-contiguous
eyes. The Piazurus subfasciatus of LeConte, should be reéxam-
ined with a view to determining more fully its generic affinities ;
it may possibly prove to be non-associable with oculatus, and is
not represented in my cabinet at present.

The multitudinous small and minute Brazilian species will form
numerous genera, and the eleven now before me seem to show
that it will be impossible to maintain the groups laid down by
Lacordaire. There are several distinct genera at present confused
under the name Copturus, intimated indeed by that author.

GYROTUS n. gen.

The single representative of this genus differs considerably in
facies from those of Copturodes, because of the coarse punctures
of the elytral strive, widely separated eyes and acutely prominent
post-ocular processes of the prothorax; it may be described as
follows :—

G. munitus n. sp.—Cylindric-oval, convex and moderately stout, black
throughout, the tibiz, beak and antennz rufescent; body clothed throughout
with a dense crust of large, rounded and non-strigose scales, whitish toward the
sides of the prothorax, more narrowly toward base, on the entire under surface
and in a few widely scattered, somewhat elevated or thickened clusters on the
elytra, also in a large spot at the middle of the elytral flanks; elsewhere dark
grayish in color. Head well developed, the eyes finely faceted, rather large,
separated on the front above by their own width and by much more below, the
inner margins feebly arcuate and strongly divergent downward throughout, the
interocular surface with a large deep central fovea; beak stout, squamose at
base, glabrous and coarsely punctato-rugose thence to the apex, the latter mod-
erately dilated; antennz moderately slender, inserted behind the middle, the
_ four basal joints of the funicle decreasing uniformly and rather rapidly in

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 669

length, the club much longer than the four preceding joints combined, elongate-
oval, with its three joints decreasing slowly and regularly in length. Pro-
thorax about as long as wide, the sides parallel and nearly straight, with
a broadly rounded and slightly prominent swelling near apical third, the sides
thence deeply sinuate and oblique to the broadly subtubulate and sinuato-
truncate apex; the flanks produced obliquely outward at apex in an acute corne-
ous process behind the lower part of the eyes; sculpture concealed, but
coarsely and densely punctate, the darker scales deeply concave. Scutellum
small. £lytra scarcely more than 4g longer than wide, 14 longer than the pro-
thorax and only very slightly wider; humeri not prominent; apex as in Cop-
turodes; strize consisting of series of very large, rounded and almost contigu-
_ ous but scarcely united punctures. Abdomen rapidly ascending at tip, the first
two segments very large as in Copturodes, the third with a small feeble cus-
piform median tooth. Legs nearly as in Copturodes, densely squamose.
Length 4.0 mm.; width 1.6 mm.

Southern California.
The sex of the single specimen before me cannot be deter-
mined at present.

COPTURODES nt. gen.

This genus differs from Copturus in its less rhombiform body,
less unequal first and second funicular joints and completely un-
armed femora. The species are numerous within the United
States and possibly extend somewhat into Mexico, but probably
not much further to the southward; those known to me may be
thus distinguished among themselves :—

Body rather stout, the elytra distinctly less than 14 longer than wide......... 2

Body elongate and more narrowly subcylindric-oval, the elytra 14 longer than
wide or more, always very densely clothed with scales which*are usually

smaller, the integuments entirely concealed.................-cesecsececerseeceers 8
2—Second ventral segment with two suberect prominences at the apical mar-
USI ZC LATS Cr. ai saciscdossssuee see eeesane san cesee nears asa mammillatus Lec.
second ventralisesmentsim ples sc.) sscseeccscses-becesescescscesca-cce sereersneswaiesscccce 3
3—Body clothed throughout with large overlapping scales which conceal the
EMLIRERSUELACES scat sersieelethideacenteekieniem aac eitise daccelseia oftets avicielstecie bale Sutiecia setiiscslest 4

Body clothed throughout above with large scales which are not mutually con-
tiguous, except in certain small condensed spots and lines, which, on the
elytra, form in general two posteriorly arcuate transverse series which are
drequently barely, traceable: . cts.cc sce csccsesecncessctcestiseececsesmasecesmecessesevese 6

Body very unevenly clothed above, the elytra with small and rather sparse
dark and inconspicuous squamules, which are closely decumbent as usual,
the pattern of broad white condensed scales more distinctly defined, form-
ing, when complete, the usual two transverse and posteriorly arcuate
BELIESE UNUM Y QmMIbEStOUb camera cmossasseechssb es eee soislewsice-6 cecil se(ccsithiiesesssens 7

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scl., 1X, July, 1897.—44.

679 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

4—FElytra each with a large and abruptly defined dark brown spot.
binotatus Lec.
Elytra without well-defined dark maculation ...................c0ecececescecseeeeseeees 5
§—Ground scales of the elytra more or less pale brown or ochreous in color.
Scales of the pronotum more elongate and more distinctly subradial in ar-
rangement from a point on the median line behind the middle ; white pat-
term of thelely tra very OOscure ce messns-eeseeee-eaeee eee cockerelli n. sp.
Scales of the pronotum shorter and more broadly rounded.
White scales of the elytra chiefly conspicuous in a broad sutural vitta ex-
tending from the apex nearly to the base................. suturalis n. sp.
White scales of the elytra forming a more distinct pattern, consisting of
two uneven posteriorly arcuate transverse series, the sutural vitta always ~
VELY: SOD ssc Sac eesecsiets sade sin sieia nate selsteise selealssta seine ese RU Sea adspersus Lec.
Ground scales of the elytra dark brown in color, with an obscure pattern of
pale dots forming the usual two transversely arcuate series. California.
Koebelei n. sp.
6—Inner marginal lines of the eyes very feebly diverging toward their su-
perior limit ; size large, the darker scales of the elytra smaller in size.
MissOuUriAaNuUS 2. sp.
Inner marginal lines strongly diverging upward ; scales of the elytra virtually
uniform in size. ;
Size large, 3 mm. or more in length.................0eeeeeee operculatus Say
Size moderate or small, much under 3 mm. in length.
Scales of the elytra almost uniformly white, the condensed spots rather
obscurely defined. |
Pronotum coarsely punctate; form noticeably stout...... SParsus nt. sp.
Pronotum much less coarsely and more densely punctured ; form less
stout than in nanulus ; size very small............... floridamus 2. sp.
Scales of the ground of the elytra dark brown, the pale condensed spots
much more distinct ; the usual short sutural vitta joining the two trans-

verse series especially developed ................seeeseeeeeeees nanulus Lec.
'4—Posterior offset of the sutural white spot transverse ; pronotal scales rather
small toward the middle ; strize coarse. ..............-2-ceseeeeee quercus Say

Posterior offset posteriorly and outwardly oblique.
Median scales of the pronotum large and rounded ; strize coarse.
frontalis n. sp.
Median scales of the pronotum very small, narrow and linear ; striz quite
fine, the subapical umbones much more pronounced....cavifroms N. sp.
S—FElytral scales pale, with an oblique lunule on each from the humeri to be-
hind the middle, there curving forward and meeting on the suture at the
middle, of dark brown. . California.................s.scseeeseeeee lunatus Lec.
Elytral scales dark, with obscure and ill-defined pale markings.
Eyes most approximate at the middle of the interocular surface. California.
Larger species, more than 3 mm. in length.
Upper internal margins of the eyes more strongly divergent, the front
at their superior limit about twice the minimum width wide.
nubilatus n. sp.

ee

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 671

Upper internal margins very feebly divergent, the eyes at their superior
limit much less than twice as widely separated as at the point of
Minimum frontal Width..............csescscscesessucasecence MuUCIdUS 2. sp.

Very small species, 2.3 mm. in length.................0..0+00- lonsulus Lec.
Hyes most approximate at a point below the middle of the front.
Hyes at their upper limit separated by less than twice the minimum width

OlMOMEGMCOMG recesses soos oss eeacecsaaceeuenavowieeesoncccsse subcupreus n. sp.

- Eyes at that point separated by twice the minimum width of the front or
more.

Point of minimum separation of the eyes only slightly below the middle

Obs tlre prom bere eee Mecca cies Uosaconie Gases deneecdesuoreewers obscurellus n. sp.

Point of minimum separation at or below lower fourth, where they be-

come almost SUDCONGIZMOUS ..............eceeceseececeness dispersus n. sp.

In this table the characters relating to the eyes of longulus are
assumed, as no mention of their form is made in the original
description. As far as I have been able to discover, the general
form and mutual separation of the eyes are affected but slightly
by the sex of the individual, and this seems to be the case also in
all the tropical species which I have studied.

Minutus Lec. is not included in the table, as it must form a
distinct genus because of the structure of the scales which clothe
the body, and on account of peculiarities of antennal structure.
Mammillatus is the largest and finest species of the genus, readily
recognizable by its stout form and the large subquadrate blotch
of white scales at each side of the base of the pronotum. The
new species of the table are described below in order.

C. cockerelli.— Densely clothed throughout with large decumbent scales
of a uniform pale ochreous-yellow color, becoming largely white at the sides
of the prothorax, and broadly along the elytral suture, with two transverse
series of indefinite white blotches curving forward externally, the anterior at-
taining the humerus; under surface and legs clothed threughout with large
white scales. Head and basal parts of the beak densely clothed with white
scales; inner margins of the eyes strongly, evenly arcuate, the eyes most ap-
proximate at about the middle of the front and there separated by 7 of their own
width; beak coarsely but not densely punctured; antennal club well developed,
oval, pointed, about as long as the four last joints of the funicle, minutely
pubescent, with its first joint constituting about %% of the mass. Prothorax
slightly shorter than wide, rather abruptly narrowedand broadly subtubulate
at apex, the sidesfeebly bisinuate; sculpture entirely concealed. E/ytra rather
more than 2% longer than wide, but little wider than the prothorax and %
longer; strize concealed but marked by a series of conspicuous narrow pointed
scales lying in the level of the general crust. Length 3.4 mm.; width 1.4 mm.

-- New Mexico (Las Cruces).

672 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

A single specimen was kindly communicated by Mr. T. D. A.
Cockerell, in whose name it gives me pleasure to dedicate a dis-
tinct and interesting addition to the genus.

C. suturalis.—Suboval, densely clothed throughout above with large
pale brown scales, becoming white in a fine median line and broader vitta at
each side of the pronotum, broadly along the elytral suture, more narrowly or
obsoletely toward hase and sparsely and irregularly in an oblique region .ex-
tending from the humeri to the suture near apical third; under surface and
legs densely clothed with white scales, feebly intermingled with pale brown.
Head and basal parts of the beak densely clothed with white scales, the eyes
well separated, the point of minimum distance asunder being at or somewhat
below the middle of the front, where they are separated by about 1 of their
own width. Prothorax slightly shorter than wide, the sides subparallel and
biarcuate, abruptly rounded and convergent anteriorly to the broadly subtubu-
late apex; sculpture entirely concealed, the scales much smaller and less elon-
gate than in cockerelli. Elytra nearly as in cockerelli and adspersus, but more
distinctly sinuate at the sides near basal third than in the former. Length
2.5-2.8 mm.; width 1.0-1.2 mm.

Utah (southwestern—Mr, Weidt) ; Arizona.

A rather small species allied to cockerelli, but differing in the
conformation of the eyes, these being more widely separated and
with the inner margins more abruptly and widely diverging in-
feriorly, and with their upper angle much less obtuse. In ad-
spersus the eyes are nearly as in cockerelli but somewhat more
narrowly separated and with their inner margins still more
strongly arcuate. Of adspersus I have before me a very large
series taken at Austin, Texas; it also occurs in Colorado and
Arizona.

C. koebelei.—Stout, oblong-oval, moderately convex above and clothed
densely with large dark brown scales, becoming white at the sides of the pro-
thorax and in two transverse arcuate series of small spots on the elytra; scales
dense and almost uniformly white on the under surface. Head deeply exca-
vated above between the eyes, the latter separated by about 2 of their own
width, with the point of minimum distance asunder rather below the middle;
beak somewhat rugosely sculptured. Prothorax not quite as long as wide,
somewhat abruptly narrowed and rounded anteriorly to the broadly sub-
tubulate apex; sides parallel and feebly bisinuate; surface very densely and
rather coarsely cribrate. Elytra 2% longer than wide, 14 wider than the pro-
thorax and 4*¢ longer; striz rather coarse and strongly punctured, not entirely
concealed by the vestiture, the squamules of the strial punctures rather slender.
Length 3.5 mm.; width 1.5 mm.

California (Siskiyou Co.). Mr. Koebele.

The single example before me is in very poor state of preserva-

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 673

tion, the scales being largely denuded throughout the body and
legs, but, from the small patches remaining, it is certain that well
preserved specimens will prove to be densely squamose through-
out.

C. missourianus.—Stout, elongate-suboval, black, the scales separated
except in the condensed areas, the latter having the scales pale in color, espec-
jally evident broadly along the elytral suture and unevenly toward base, also
in some small areas subtransversely arranged behind the middle, the scales
elsewhere on the elytra small, oval, dark in color and widely separated, the
scales of the pronotum larye and rounded, each filling one of the coarse, deep
and slightly separated punctures. Head, basal parts of the beak, entire under
surface and legs densely clothed with whitish scales; beak finely, sparsely
punctured and glabrous beyond the point of antennal insertion; second joint
of the funicle longer than the next two combined. Prothorax subconical, not
quite as long as wide, the sides feebly convergent and nearly straight almost to
the apex, then a little more rounded and convergent to the apex, which is broad-
ly sinuato-truncate and notat all tubulate; surface within the densely squamose
flanks coarsely and not very densely punctured, with a short impunctate
median line. lytra short and broad, 1g longer than wide, 34 longer than the
prothorax and 7g wider, the humeri rather prominent; sides rapidly convergent
and rounded behind to the apical prolongation; striz rather coarse, the syuam-
ules slender, broader in the areas of condensation. Length 3.8 mm.; width
1.75 mm.

Missouri (St Louis). Mr. Soltau.

This species, described above from the female, is about as large
as operculatus and greatly resembles it, but is stouter, with the
prothorax more sparsely punctured and more conical, the sides
being less arcuate. The squamulation of the elytra is still more
uneven. Of operculatus I have specimens before me from Dakota,
Kansas and Iowa.

C. sparsus.—Stout, oval, rather strongly convex, the body and legs deep
black throughout; scales pure white, oval, rather sparse except in a sublateral
pronotal vitta and in some small nubilate condensed spots disposed in the
usual two posteriorly arcuate series on the elytra; scales of the pronotum
moderately large, broadly rounded, each filling one of the large separated
punctures, those of the under surface not quite contiguous. Head and basal
parts of the beak rather densely squamose, the eyes separated at lower third by
about 4 of their own width; beak finely punctulate, black, polished and
glabrous beyond the point of antennal insertion. Prothoraz *5 wider than
long, the sides subparallel, distinctly but somewhat unevenly arcuate, oblique
and feebly sinuate at the apex, the latter broadly sinuate and not at all tubu-
late; punctures coarse and deep. Elytra short, 14 longer than wide, nearly
twice as long as the prothorax and 1g wider, the sides quite arcuate; humeri
not at all exposed at base, the humeral callus moderately prominent; pos-

674 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

terior umbones feeble; strie moderately coarse, the squamules of the strial
punctures narrow. Length 2.75 mm.; width 1.25 mm.

Southern Louisiana. Mr. Soltau.

Allied to operculatus but simaller and relatively more obese,
with the punctures and scales sparser, the prothorax much
shorter and the eyes more narrowly separated. The scales of the —
elytra are more conspicuous along the narrower intervals toward
base. The type is probably a male.

C. floridanus.—Only very moderately stout, elongate-oval and convex,
deep black throughont, the tibiz and tarsi rufescent; scales relatively large,
white, dense in the condensed areas, pale brownish elsewhere, largely brownish
at each side of the median line of the pronotum; white condensations of the
elytra linear and very indistinct, the arrangement scarcely discernible but con-
forming to the general type prevailing in the genus. Head and basal parts of
the beak densely albido-squamose, the eyes at lower third separated by but
little more than ]{ of their own width. Prothorax not quite as long as wide,
rather wider at apical third than at base, the sides feebly biarcuate, more con-
vergent and sinuate at the apex, which is feebly sinuato-truncate and scarcely
subtubulate; punctures only moderately coarse and distinctly dense. Elytra
%, longer than wide, 34 longer than the prothorax and scarcely more than 14
wider; striz moderately coarse, punctured, the squamules rather stout. Length
2.0 mm.; width 0.8 mm.

Florida (Haw Creek). Hubbard and Schwarz.

A small species, unusually narrow for this section of the genus
and allied to nanulus, but differing in the extremely confused
ornamentation, smaller size and narrower form. Two specimens.

Of nanulus, I have before mea large series from Iowa, Ohio,
Kentucky, North Carolina and Maryland; it varies much in the
distinctness of the pale markings of the elytra, and, as usual, these
seem to be more sharply defined in the females than in the males.
The prothorax varies much in length and strength of the lateral
biarcuation, and it is possible that I may confound some distinct
species together, but the subject is too difficult to pronounce
upon in the absence of full and carefully collected series.

C. frontalis.—Stout, suboval, moderately convex, deep black through-
out, the entire under surface and sides of the prothorax densely clothed with
large white scales, the flanks of the prothorax anteriorly more sparsely and.
irregularly so ; white scales also evident on the median line of the pronotum
toward base, and, on the elytra, toward base and scutellum, in a short line on
the second interval behind the middle with an oblique posterior offset com-
posed of short lines on the third and fourth intervals, and in a few obscure
discal spots elsewhere ; the scales of the elytra are rather large but separated,

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 675

deep brown in tint and inconspicuous, those of the pronotum large, rounded
and brown, each filling one of the coarse punctures. Head and basal parts of
the beak clothed with white scales, except the deep frontal depression between
the diverging upper parts of the eyes, which is clothed with slender brown
scales ; eyes separated at lower third by fully 14 of their own width. Prothoraxz
slightly shorter than wide, the sides subparallel, broadly sinuate at the middle
and slightly narrowed at base, oblique and sinuate at apex, the latter broad
and very feebly sinuate ; punctures coarse, deep and contiguous. lytra fully
%, longer than wide, #5 longer than the prothorax and nearly *¢ wider, the
humeral callus rather prominent ; subapical umbones moderate ; strize abruptly
defined, coarsely punctate at the bottom, not quite as wide as the flat intervals.
Legs moderate, the femora densely clothed with blackish scales, with a large
spot of white above at the base and another, smaller, near the apex. Length
2.6-2.9 mm.; width 1.1-1.25 mm.

Indiana.

Allied to quercus, but differing in its less obese form and in pe-
culiarities of ornamentation mentioned in the table, also in the
much larger and more rounded scales of the pronotum. Of quer-

cus I have specimens from Illinois, Indiana and District of Co-
lumbia.

C. cavifrons.—Stout, suboval, convex, deep black throughout, densely
clothed beneath and on the flanks of the prothorax, except anteriorly, with
large white scales, also on the median line of the pronotum at base and apex,
in the sutural region of the elytra to just behind the middle, where the offset
forming part of the posterior transverse series is oblique ; externally, there are
isolated spots of white forming the two vague, posteriorly arcuate series pre-
vailing throughout the genus ; pronotum elsewhere clothed with slender dark
squamules, the ground of the elytra similarly clothed with dark scales which
are narrow, oval and inconspicuous ; lower parts and extreme upper point of
the front and base of the beak clothed with white scales, the deep excavation
between the upper subsinvous inner margins of the eyes, and also the occiput,
in large part clothed with dark and inconspicuous squamules ; eyes separated
at lower third by distinctly less than 1g of their own width. -Prothorax rel-
atively small, not as long as wide, the sides parallel, feebly sinuate at the
middle and obliquely sinuate at apex for a short distance, the apex moderately
broadly subtruncate ; punctures moderately coarse and rather crowded, trans-
versely oval inform. lytra with rather arcuate sides, fully %¢ longer than
wide, nearly twice as long as the prothorax and fully 7g wider, the humeri
rather exposed, obliquely rounded ; subapical umbones large and conspicuous ;
strize not very coarse, abrupt, rather closely punctate along the bottom, very
much narrower than the flat intervals. Legs rather slender ; femora clothed
with dark squamules in apical half, with a white subapical spot. Length
2.5-2.9 mm.; width 1.1-1.35 mm.

Kentucky (Frankfort). Mr. Soltau.
This species is allied to the preceding, but may be known by

676 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

its finer elytral strize, and very small and narrow squamules of
the median parts of the pronotum and much more prominent sub-
apical umbones of the elytra. Three specimens.

C. nubilatus.—Elongate, suboval, convex, the integument completely
concealed by a dense crust of moderately large, widely overlapping scales,
which are in general dark coppery-brown in color above, becoming whitish in
irregular spots toward the sides and apex of the pronotum and especially at
base, also in the middle at base and dispersed in a rhombiform discal spot ; on
the elytra the pale scales are mingled with brown in a generally oblique area
embracing the base and extending to the suture at the middle, and in a less
oblique band behind the middle, which is interrupted at the suture ; under
surface and legs densely clothed with whitish scales, interspersed with viola-
ceous brown. Head and base of the beak densely clothed with whitish scales
speckled with brown, the eyes at lower third separated by less than 14 of their
own width ; beak rather slender and elongate, glabrous and smooth beyond
the point of antennal insertion ; second joint of the funicle as long as the first
and much longer than the next two combined, the club well developed, rather
sparsely clothed with short hairs as usual. Prothorax nearly as long as wide,
widest and broadly rounded just behind the middle, the sides gradually con-
vergent and straight or very feebly bisinuate thence to the apex, which is
broadly sinuate ; sculpture completely concealed, the scales feebly convex,
broadly overlapping and not impressed. lytra fully 144 longer than wide, +5
longer than the prothorax and 1g wider, a distinct reéntrant angle between
the sides of the prothorax and narrowly rounded humeri ; sides broadly areu-
ate ; subapical umbones moderate ; strize concealed ; scaly crust of the inter-
vals slightly convex. Legs moderately slender. Length 3.25 mm. ; width
1.25 mm.

California (Monterey).

A single specimen was shaken from the blossoming branches of
Pinus insignis, early in February. This representative is without
doubt the female.

C. mucidus.—Elongate-oval, convex, densely covered throughout with
a thick crust of overlapping scales, which, in general, are moderate in size and
broadly rounded in form, dark cupreous in color, but largely intermingled
with white beneath and on the legs, densely white also toward the base of the
pronotum sublaterally and at the middle, also feebly interspersed with white
on the disk, and, on the elytra, more largely white in an oblique area from the
humeri nearly, but not quite, to the suture before the middle, which area is
united by a longitudinal median region on each with a posterior, less oblique
and more fully white area from the sides to a little within the middle ; suh-
apical regions also speckled with white scales. Head clothed largely with
cupreous scales at the sides, the eyes at lower third separated by fully 4 of
their own width ; beak elongate, glabrous except at base, and deep black.
Prothorax nearly as long as wide, subconical, the sides feebly convergent and

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 677
broadly arcuate from base to apex, straighter or feebly sinuate at about the
middle ; apex broadly sinuate; cupreous scales broadly overlapping and
strongly impressed along their median lines; where denuded the surface is
seen to be deeply and moderately coarsely cribrate. Elytra 14 longer than
wide, nearly twice as long as the prothorax and 14 wider, the sides broadly
arcuate ; subapical umbones rather feeble ; striz concealed, the scaly crust
feebly convex along the intervals. Length 3.4 mm. ; width 1.35 mm.

California (Siskiyou Co.).

This species is allied to nubilatus, but may be distinguished by
a somewhat different pattern of elytral ornamentation, conforma-
tion of the front between the eyes, less obtuse upper angles of the
eyes and other characters. The type is probably a male.

C. subcupreus.—Narrowly cylindric-oval, convex, covered throughout
with a dense crust of moderately large, widely overlapping, dark cupreous
scales becoming largely white heneath, at the base of the beak and toward the
base of the femora, with some scattered white scaleson the head and pronotum
with a larger spot near each side of the hase of the latter, also with a few
widely scattered spots of white scales on the elytra, the more distinct of which
are one just behind the humeral callus and two, placed obliquely, on each be-
hind the middle. Head moderate in size, the eyes separated at lower fourth
by scarcely 14 of their own width ; second funicular joint as long as the next
two combined. Prothorax distinctly shorter than wide, the sides subparallel,
becoming abruptly oblique and sinuate for a short distance at the apex, the
latter broadly sinuate ; sculpture entirely concealed, the scales impressed
along their median lines. Elytra barely 15 longer than wide, +5 longer than
the prothorax and scarcely 14 wider, the sides nearly straight ; apex very
broadly obtuse ; humeri but slightly prominent ; subapical umbones distinct ;
strize concealed, the scaly crust very convex along the intervals. Length 2.2
mm. ; width 0.8 mm.

Massachusetts.

A small species, allied in general constitution and nature of
the scaly crust, to the larger Californian forms which precede.
The single type before me seems to be a male, but sexual differ-
ences are very slight and scarcely recognizable in this part of the
genus.

C. obscurellus.—Elongate and cylindric-oval, convex, densely clothed
throughout witha thick crust of moderately large, broadly rounded, widely
overlapping scales, which are dark chocolate-brown above, with a slight
sprinkling of white on the pronotum and white near the sides toward base but
only very minutely at the middle of the base, also sparsely interspersed with
white almost throughout the elvtra, but especially in a dense spot just behind

the humeral callus, and in a transverse, posteriorly arcuate, narrow and almost
continuous band near apical third; under surface, base of the beak and basal

678 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

parts of the femora densely clothed with white scales, only sparsely inter-
mingled with isolated brown scales and solely toward the sides of the under
surface. Head and eyes well developed, the latter below the middle sep-
arated by scarcely 4% of their own width; beak and antenne black, the
second funicular joint shorter than the first but fully as long as the next two
combined. Prothorax not quite as long as wide, the sides subparallel and
broadly, somewhat unevenly arcuate, oblique and sinuate for a short distance
at apex, the latter broadly sinuato-truncate; surface completely concealed, the
scales very broadly and deeply concave. lytra fully 14 longer than wide, 446
longer than the prothorax and about 14 wider, the sides broadly arcuate; sub-
apical umbones small and feeble; striz concealed, the crust of scales broadly
convex on theintervals. Length 2.8 mm.; width 1.0 mm.

Colorado.

This species is evidently more allied to subcupreus than to the
Pacific coast species in the form of the antennz and general
facies; it is decidedly larger than subcupreus, and differs in the
ornamentation of the elytra. In both of them the triangular
glabrous space at the middle of the occiput is unusually large.

C. dispersus.—Cylindric-oval and convex, densely clothed with a crust
of moderately large overlapping scales, which are uniformly white beneath,
on the base of the beak and on the femora except above and toward apex of the
latter; scales of the wpper surface dark chocolate-brown, interspersed with
isolated white scales toward the sides and median regions of the pronotum,
sometimes not especially more evidently so toward base, and, on the elytra, in
two transversely and posteriorly arcuate regions before and behind the middle
and also at apex. Head more largely clothed with white scales, the eyes large,
broad and well developed, separated at lower fourth of their extent by scarcely
1¢ of their own width, the inner margins thence widely and rapidly diverging
inferiorly and strongly arcuate. Prothorax distinctly shorter than wide, the
sides parallel and scarcely arcuate, becoming oblique and sinuate near the
apex; sculpture entirely concealed, the scales generally more or less impressed
along their median lines, especially toward their bases. Hlytra rather more
than 14 longer than wide, twice as long as the prothorax and 14 wider, just
visibly arcuate at the sides; humeri rounded for a very short distance to the
prothorax, the prominence scarcely distinct; subapical umbones feeble; strize
concealed, the scaly crust but feebly convex along the intervals. Length
2.2-2.5 mm.; width 0.8-0.95 mm.

Canada (Ontario); Kentucky.

The beak in the type is rather slender but becomes unusually
rapidly and conspicuously wider toward base; it is probably a
female. This species differs from the preceding in its still more
narrowly separated eyes.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 679

ZYGOMICRUS nz. gen.

This name is proposed for a small species, differing from Cop-
turodes in its subcontiguous eyes, very small and narrowly oval
antennal club, with less distinct annuli and still longer basal joint,
and in its somewhat shorter second joint of the antennal funicle,
which, in the male, is but little longer than the third, and in the
female a little shorter than the next two combined.* It also
differs in its elongate and distinctly strigose scales, these being
disposed sparsely along the strial intervals toward base, behind
the middle for a short distance, near the apex and along the
suture except at the middle, and also in its nearly simple elytral
apices behind the umbones. The type is Copturus minutus of
LeConte.

TACHYGONINI.
TACHYGONUS Schonh.

The table published by Dr. LeConte (Proc. Am. Phil. Soc.,
XV, p. 265) indicates groups defined by certain differences in the
elongate posterior legs; these groups are retained and increased
in number in the following table, which includes all the species
known to me at present :—

Hind femora armed beneath with several long slender and erect dentiform
spinules, the corresponding tibiz broad, arcuate and with the external
margin irregular; elytra with four tufts of denser pubescence arranged in
a very short broad trapezium.

Integuments red, mottled with black; hind femora and basal parts of the
tibiz in great part red; subsutural tufts of the elytra well defined.
lecontei Gyll.
Integuments deep black throughout, the elytra abruptly red at the apical
margin; hind legs black throughout, the femora red above near the base,
the hind tibiz much narrower; subsutural tufts diffused; size much
Tah Lease asamne tinct kctemomeeceeeee enna GCE othe RA Spinipes n. sp.
Hind femora armed beneath with several long erect and dentiform spines, the
tibiz long, narrow and nearly straight, unmodified externally; elytra black,
with a single red band, the pubescent tuft small, central and divided by
GCS UG TO cccieet actusteniee satelaswera te vate ce aoeamions se cisiattecine sae waantas gracilipes nt. sp.
Hind femora with about two stout spiniform teeth beneath, the tibice shorter
and sigmoid, unmodified externally ; elytra with a central white spot of
dense hairs divided by the suture...............,.secceceseeeeeeee rhombus nt. sp.

*The length of this joint is erroneously stated py LeConte (Proc. Am. Phil.
Soc., XV, p. 264).

680 Coleopteroiogical Notices, VII.

Hind femora finely serrulate, or with several small teeth beneath; elytra with
a small central white tuft divided by the suture.
Black, thinly pubescent with stiff erect hair...................++ centralis Lec.
Pale brown, variegated with dusky; elytra with four black spots, pubescent
with erect hair; hind legs dark..................cesesesesssereeaes tardipes Lec.
Smaller, brown, variegated with dusky; elytra with a more elongate white
sutural spot; hind legs bDrOWD..............cecsceceeeeereceeeneeee fulvipes Lec.

The last two species of the table are unknown to me in
nature. The new species defined in the table are described below
in order,

T.. Spimnipes.—Form as in lecontei, smaller, black throughout, except the
tip of the elytra, which is red; antenne and four anterior legs pale flavo-testa-
ceous; basal half of the hind femora above and distal extremity of the cor-
responding tarsi pale rufous; beak rufous at tip; upper surface thinly clothed
with gray-white, subdecumbent pubescence, which becomes moderately dense
toward the sides of the prothorax and in a transverse line expanded at the
suture across the middle of the elytra, the expanded part—corresponding with
the subsutural tufts of lecontei—being but slightly denser ; discal tufts minute
and situated behind the pubescent band; body beneath densely clothed with
white pubescence anteriorly, the abdomen very sparsely pubescent. Length
2.1 mm.; width 1.75 mm.

New Jersey. Mr. Julich.

Allied to lecontez, but much smaller and less pubescent above,
with the hind tibie much narrower, less bent and only feebly un-
dulated along the external edge. As in lecontez, the white hairs of
the body and legs are very composite, consisting of three to
seven hairs split from a very short common foot-stalk.

T. sracilipes.—Form asin centralis, the surface shining, black, the elytral
suture narrowly and feebly, and a straight transverse band slightly broader
toward the suture and situated just before the middle, testaceous; antenne,
tip of beak and four anterior legs pale testaceous; hind legs deep black
throughout; the tarsi piceous; pubescence sparse, with a number of long erect
setze on the elytra and some longer whitish hairs on the suture toward tip, the
small central white tuft divided by the suture situated near basal fourth of
the elytral suture as usual; body sparsely pubescent beneath, except at the
sides anteriorly; elytra with moderately impressed series of very coarse and
close-set punctures. Length 2.2 mm.; width 1.5 mm.

Ohio.

The hind legs are very long and unusually slender throughout,
the femora with small teeth along the lower edge, two or three of
which become very long and spiniform; the tibize are slender and
nearly straight, the outer contour very broadly and feebly arcuate

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 681

and with a series of long stiff erect sete, the extreme tip very
feebly everted.

T. rhompbus.—-Form nearly asin centralis; body shining, black through-
out, the four antericr legs and antennz pale testaceous; hind legs black, ex-
cept basal 35 of the femora, which is rufous; hairs of the upper surface ochreous
in color, decumbent, numerous and strongly multifurcate, with numerous long
erect black bristles, a sutural series of white sete near the apex and a trans-
verse sutural white tufted spot before the middle of the elytra; hairs denser
and white also on the median line and flanks of the pronotum at base, on the
under surface rather dense and white throughout, except near the middle of the
abdomen toward base, the last segment bristing with sparse white set; elytra
with feebly impressed series of coarse and deep punctures. Length 2.0 mm.;
width 1.6 mm.

Arizona.

The hind femora and tibiz bristle with long stiff and erect black
sete and more decumbent whitish hairs; the femora are some-
what swollen beneath near apical third, with about two suberect
spiniform teeth ; the tibize are quite short and strongly sigmoid,
being everted toward tip and inverted and narrower toward base ;
the last two joints of the tarsi are testaceous. This distinct
species is represented before me by a rather large and homoge-
neous series.

The antennal scape in this genus is smaller than in any other
type of Rhynchophora known to me, being shorter and narrower
than the second joint, to which it is attached axially as in Apion.
LeConte has correctly given five small subequal joints following
the second, but there is another broader joint properly belong-
ing to the funicle and closely adjacent to the club, which was not
observed by that author, so that the funicle is T-jointed, as in
Zygopini; the large curved uncus at the apex of the tibie is
also similar to that of the Zygopini.

682 Coleopterological Notices, VILL.

APPENDIX.
I.

The species described by me under the name Z'richochrous ex-
iguus (Col. Not. VI, p. 497) is probably the same as the Listrus
Serrugineus of Gorham (Biol. Cent.-Amer., III, 2, p. 330). Mr.
Gorham is however gravely in error in assigning the species to
Listrus, for the spines of the tibiz are perfectly evident and, be-
sides, the absence of “upright pile on the body above” is by no
means a distinguishing feature of Listrus, since there is a large
division of Trichochrous (Pristoscelis { Gor.), which also has no
trace of erect hairs.

It is probable also that Dasytellus subovalis Csy. (1. ¢., p. 570),
is identical with the Listrus impressus of Gorham (l. ¢., p. 329),
although the measurement of Mr. Gorham is too small (1} mm.)
and the generic reference altogether erroneous. It bears no re-
semblance to Listrus canescens, which is a purely Californian
species not occurring in Mexico. Possibly Mr. Gorham alluded
to L. senilis, a uniformly and densely clothed species which un-
doubtedly extends its range well into Mexico, but to which he
does not seem to refer.

If the Listrus punctatus of Gorham, is in reality a Listrus the
name is preoccupied by Mannerheim, provided also the species of
the latter author is a true Listrus. I have seen neither of them
and can therefore give no opinion.

It is probable that the genus Alymeris Csy. (l.c., p. 600) is the
same as Melyrodes Gorh.

. The following species was overlooked in my revision of the
Melyrineze :—

Dasytes parvicollis Mann.—Elongatus, subcylindricus, supra nigro-zeneus,
remote subtilius punctulatus, dense griseo-pubescens, subtus niger, capite
minore [Jaticollis] rotundato, thorace elytris angustiore, subrotundato, elytris
dorso subconvexis. Longit. 144 lin.; Latit. 14 lin. Habitat in California.
D. Tschernikh.

I cannot give even a doubtful surmise as to the relationship of
this species from the description, though it is more probably a
Trichochrous than a Dasytes.

II.

My attention was recently called to a paper by Mr. Pic, pub-
lished in the ‘‘ Revue Scientifique du Bourbonnais VII,” in which

Ss
5

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 683

the genus Anthicus has been divided into some sixteen named
subgeneric groups, based solely upon such subsidiary characters
as size of the body and form of the prothorax. I am unable to
state the true value of these names, because the anatomical struc-
ture of the pro- and mesosterna is unknown to me, but in one
case it seems that the name proposed by Mr. Pic chances to have
for one of its types the identical species assumed by me for the
type of Hemantus. Mr. Pic’s name “ Trapezicomus ” for Anthicus
Jloralis will however also possibly have to give way to ‘“ Omona-
dus,” proposed by Mulsant many years before (Nat. Hist. Col.
Fr., Colligeres, 1866, p. 104). It is also possible, however, that
neither of these names will have to supplant Hemantus, for under
Trapezicomus Mr. Pic, in addition to floralis, groups also rufives-
tis, belont and bedeli of Algeria, the first two of which possibly
and the last probably will be found to be generically different
from floralis when the form of the mesosternum is investigated,
and, under the name Omonadus, Mulsant includes also bifasciatus,
based simply upon the form of the prothorax, truncate head and
position of the eyes; as these are the same in both floralis and
bifasctatus it matters not which we take for the generic type, and
the name Omonadus can therefore be assumed to apply to bifas-
ciatus, a species which a study of the mesosternum will probably
prove to differ generically from floralis.

Mr. Pic regards basiilaris Say, as the species allied to floralis
but without the thoracic tubercle, but we cannot absolutely as-
sume this, in view of the general vagueness of Say’s descriptions ;
Say may just as likely have overlooked the very minute tubercle
or regarded it as spurious, and, as I believe there are several
forms allied to floralis but devoid of tubercle, it would simplify
the case to assume that the basillaris of Say, is identical with
floralis. It was with this object in view that I gave the synonymy
of floralis (Col. Not. VI, p. 683).

When the really important anatomical characters of the Euro-
pean species can be studied, several of the names proposed by
Mulsant and Pic will be found to stand for distinct genera, but
the rest must fall into synonymy. I cannot find that any of the
American genera are identical with those of Europe with the ex-
ception of Hemantus.

684 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

WUE

ERRATA.

Coleopterological Notices II.
Page 317—7th line from bottom; for ‘‘ Pronotum’’ read ‘‘ Prosternum.’

Coleopterological Notices IV.

Page 511—6th line of coarse print; after ‘‘than”’ insert ‘‘any.”’
Page 541—15th line from bottom; for ‘‘ of these’’ read “‘ of those.’’

Coleopterological Notices V.
Page 310—4th line of coarse print; for ‘‘ prosternal’’ read ‘‘ mesosternal.’’
Page 379—2d line of coarse print; for ‘‘has’’ read ‘* have.”’
Page 398—2d line from bottom; for ‘‘second”’ read ‘‘ third.”’
Page 501—10th line of table; for ‘‘male’’ read ‘‘female.”’
Page 506—7th line under Decarthron; for ‘‘ Bndl.’’ read ‘‘ Lec.”

Coleopterological Notices VI.

Page 615—2d line from bottom; for ‘‘ with’’ read ‘‘ within.”’

Page 648—3d and 9th lines of table; for ‘‘abbreviatus’’ read ‘‘inter-
ruptus.”?

Page 662—5th line from bottom; for ‘* L.sturmii ”’ read ‘‘ L. elegans’
Laf. legans is not a preoccupied name in Lappus.

Page 676—Ist line top; for ‘‘V. laetus”’ read ‘‘ V. bifasciatus ”’ Say.
The latter is not a preoccupied name in Vacusus.

Page 734—17th line from top; for ‘‘ coxze’’ read ‘‘ trochanters.”’

Page 738—15th line from top; for ‘‘ coxze’’ read ‘‘ trochanters.”’

Page 741—6th line from top; for ‘‘femora’’ read “‘ tibie.”’

Coleopterological Notices VII.
Page 476—3d line from bottom; for ‘‘ jointed ’’ read ‘‘joined.”’

VII.—On the Modification of the Apex in Gastropod Mollusks.

BY FRANK COLLINS BAKER.

Read April 5, 1897.

Some time ago* the writer published some notes on the modi-
fication of the apex in Murex, and at the time these papers were
published a noted conchologist suggested to the writer that he
extend his observations to other groups; the following notes are
the results of such suggestion.

One of the greatest, if not the greatest, drawback to investiga-
tions of this kind is the paucity of perfect material. Every con-
chologist knows how difficult it is to secure specimens with a
perfect apex. In the collection from which these notes are
drawn, only about five per cent. of the specimens are available for
the notes embodied in these pages. I am not able to refer to any
publication in which similar investigations have been made,
although some species have the apex described in almost all re-
cent papers on the Mollusca, particularly those of Pilsbry, Dall,
Verrill and Watson. I know of no paper dealing exclusively
with the form of the apex in gastropodous mollusks, save my
own mentioned above. If there are such, my ignorance of them
must be my excuse for not mentioning them.

There appears to be primarily three types of apex, with num-
erous variations : (1) whorls numerous, carinated, nucleus promi-
nent; (2) whorls numerous, rounded, smooth, nucleus prominent ;
(8) whorls few, rounded, nucleus buried in the coil of the second
whorl. The material examined is not numerous enough to
generalize upon at present, but that which has been examined
leads to the above conclusion. There are some 15,000 species of
gastropodous mollusks of which but a few hundred have been ex-
amined for the apex, so that much work must be done before con-
clusions can be made. In some groups the apex variation seems

*Proc. Phil. Acad. Sci., 1890, pp. 66-72 ; 1894, pp. 223-224 ; Roch. Acad.
Sei., 1891, p. 130-132.
ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. SctI., IX, Aug., 1897.—45.

686 Modification of the Apex in Gastropod Mollusks.

to be of specific value (Oliva, Voluta) while in others almost no
variation exists (Natica, Litornia, Neritina). The study of the
apex shows us to what great extent variation takes place after
the birth of the mollusk, and how its environment may affect the
young mollusk to a specific extent. I venture to ask, therefore,
if we cannot trace many of the slight specific differences found in
shells, which have caused naturalists to disagree regarding their
stability, to this fact of post-embryonic development affected by
changes of environment? May we not, in fact, ascribe great
specific variation to this cause, and may it not also be true that a
species born off the Florida coast and carried by currents to the
Massachusetts coast might become in the latter place a different
species or variety from what the same individual might have been,
had it lived in the former locality? These are questions which
have presented themselves to the writer in the course of his
studies of this subject, and they seem to him to be worthy of in-
vestigation.

In the present paper the apices of 132 species are described,
embracing many of the families of the marine gastropods.

Family OLIVID &.
Genus OLIVA Bruguiére.

Oliva literata Lamarck. (Fig. 1.)*

Apex smooth, shining, consisting of three and a-half whorls,
which rapidly increase in size; the third whorl is twice as high as
the second and the fourth whorl is of the same height, but wider;
a carina begins at the second whorl and encircles all the volutions
a little above the suture of the whorl below; it is faint upon the
second whorl, but becomes very strong on the third whorl. On
the older whorl a deep channel is formed between the carina and
the whorl below. The color of the apex is very like spermaceti.
Four specimens examined, which showed no variation.

Oliva reticularis Lamarck. (Fig. 2.)

Apex smooth, shining, consisting of two whorls, of which the
first is very large, exceeding the second by two diameters ; the first
whorl is rounded, knob-shaped and without a carina, the latter be-
ginning on the second whorl, near the suture, and gradually grow-
ing stronger as the shell increases withage. The color and texture
is like spermaceti. Compared with literata this apex is much

* The accompanying plates are numbered XVIII-XX. [EpD.]

Modification of the Apex in Gastropod Mollusks. 687

larger and very differently shaped, being broadly rounded instead
of flattened. Six perfect specimens examined, with no variation
from the above description.

Oliva irisans erythrostoma Lamarck. (Fig. 3.)

Apex smooth and shining, consisting of three whorls, which
regularly increase in size, each whorl being about twice the size of
the one preceding ; the first two and a-half whorls are rounded and
smooth, and the carina begins on the third and increases in
strength as the shell grows; the suture begins to be very deep
after leaving the second whorl and soon becomes channeled; color
like spermaceti. Three perfect specimens examined, showing no
variation.

Oliva araneosa juliettz Duclos. (Fig. 4.)

Apex smooth, shining, consisting of two and one-half whorls
rapidly increasing in size; the first part of the first whorl is very
small and the second part very large, rounded and smooth; the
carina begins on the last part of half of the third whorl, and ver y
soon becomes heavily marked; color and texture as in the pre-
ceding species. Two perfect specimens examined, with no vari-
ations.

Oliva duclosi Reeve. (Fig. 5.)

Apex rounded, smooth and shining, consisting of two and
a-half whorls, regularly increasing in size; there is no carina on
the nuclear whorls, but one commences on the last part of the
third whorl, or the first after the apex. The color is yellowish
white in the specimens examined. The form of apex is similar
to literata. Only two specimens were found perfect enough for
examination.

Oliva volutella Lamarck. (Fig. 6.)

Apex rounded, smooth, shining, much elongated, consisting of
two and a-half whorls, regularly but slowly increasing in size
the carina does not appear until the first post-nuclear whorl is
reached, but the sutures of the nuclear whorls are deeply chan-
neled. The color and texture is spermaceti-like. This is the
most conical apex of any yet examined. Sixteen perfect speci-

mens are before the writer, and there is no variation from the

above description.

Oliva biplicata Sowerby. (Fig. 7.)
Apex rounded, smooth, shining, knob-shaped, consisting of two

688 Modification of the Apex in Gastropod Mollusks.

and a-half whorls, the second very rapidly enlarging; a carina
commences on the last half of the second whorl and gradually
becomes stronger; sutures deep but not channeled until the
second whorl appears. Color and texture as in volutella. Four-
teen perfect specimens have been examined, with no variation.

Oliva hiatula Gmelin. (Fig. 8.)

Apex rounded, smooth, shining, knob-shaped, but somewhat
elongated, consisting of two and a-half whorls, rapidly enlarging;
a carina begins on the last half of the second whorl, at first faint,
but soon becoming very strong; the suture between the second
and third whorl is deeply channeled. Color bluish-black, hya-
- line in texture. Two perfect specimens examined.

Genus OLIVELLA Swainson.
Olivella venulata Lamarck. (Fig. 9.)

Apex large, rounded, smooth, shining, knob-shaped, consisting
of one and a-half whorls rapidly enlarging, without a carina ; the
post-nuclear whorls are very flat-sided and the sutures deeply im-
pressed. The extreme apex of the present species is a good-sized,
rounded knob. Color and texture like spermaceti. Hight perfect
specimens examined.

Olivella undatella Lamarck. (Fig. 10.)

Apex large, conical, smooth, shining, consisting of three and
a-half rounded, regularly increasing whorls. The first whorl is a
little flattened, knob-shaped swelling and those following are more
or less turban-shaped. A carina is faintly perceptible on the last
half of the third whorl, and on the first post-nuclear whorl becomes
very strong; the latter whorls also being deeply channeled at the
sutures. The color varies, in white specimens being like sperma- ~
ceti and in dark specimens shining smoky-black. The apex stands
up conically from the rest of the whorls and is easily seen with
the naked eye. Six perfect specimens examined.

Olivella tergina Duc'os. (Fig. 11.)

Apex small, subconical, smooth, shining, consisting of two and
a-half rounded, rapidly increasing whorls. The first whorl is de-
cidedly knob-shaped and rapidly enlarges to meet the second
whorl. A carina begins near the suture above the third whorl,
encircles the second whorl of the apex and the first and second
post-nuclear whorls, and finally disappears in the adult whorls.

r said
la
i

Modification of the Apex in Gastropod Mollusks. 689

The sutures of the post-nuclear whorls are channeled. Color, in
all specimens examined, spermaceti-like. Two perfect specimens
examined. In this species the outline of the whorls forms a flat-
sided triangle from the periphery of the body whorl to the ex-
treme point of the apex.

Olivella nivea Gmelin. (Fig. 12.)

Apex large, knob-shaped, smooth, shining, consisting of two
and a-half rounded, rapidly increasing whorls. The first whorlis
large and very rapidly increases in size. A carina appears on the
last half of the second whorl and rapidly increases in strength.
The post-nuclear whorls are very deeply channeled at the suture.
Color porcelain white. A large number of specimens examined,
with little or no variation. The first one and a-half whorls vary
to a small extent in flatness.

Olivella jaspidea Gmelin.
The apex of this species is precisely like that of O. venulata
Lam. See Fig. 9.

Olivelia mutica Say. (Fig. 13.)

Apex small, knob-shaped, smooth, shining, consisting of two
and a-half carinated whorls, regularly enlarging; the first whorl
enlarges more rapidly than the second. The carina appears on the
second half of the first whorl, and is very strong ; the nuclear and
post-nuclear whorls are strongly channeled at the suture. Color
and texture like spermaceti. Five perfect specimens examined.

Olivella nana Lamarck. (Fig. 14.)

Apex small, flattened, smooth, shining, consisting of one and
a-half carinated whorls, rapidly enlarging ; the carina appears on
the first half of the first whorl and is very strong; the sutures of
both nuclear and post-nuclear whorls are deeply channeled.
Color dark, shining horn. This is the flattest apex in this genus.
A large number of specimens have been examined, and the only
variation appears to be in the extent of coloration, which changes
from horn to white in some specimens where the nuclear whorls
join the post-nuclear, and in others it is continued on the first or
second post-nuclear whorls.

Olivella gracilis inconspicua Adams.

The apex of this species is in all respects like nana in form (it
may bea little more rounded in some specimens) and differs solely
in color, being pure spermaceti white. Two specimens examined.

690 Modification of the Apex in Gastropod Mollusks.

Family HARPIDA.
Genus HARPA Lamarck.
Harpa minor Lamarck. (Fig. 15.)

Apex large, rounded, smooth, shining, consisting of two and a-
half whorls, regularly increasing; the last part of the third whorl
is lost in the first post-nuclear whorl; the nuclear whorls are
without a carina and perfectly smooth, while the post-nuclear
whorls are marked by spiral strize and strong, elevated ribs. The
apex is of a beautiful pink color. In the five perfect specimens
examined there is no variation from this type.

Harpa conoidalis Lamarck. (Fig. 16.)

The apex is large, and consists of three and a-half whorls, but
in all other respects is like that of minor. The apical whorl in
both species is very flat. Three specimens examined. There is
sometimes a lightly impressed spiral line encircling the second
nuclear whorl near the suture of the following whorl.

Harpa articularis Lamarck.
Harpa ventricosa Lamarck.

Both of these species have the nuclear whorls of the same num-
ber and shape as those of conozdalis. In fact, so faras the apex
goes, the species cannot be separated. Three examples of each
species have been examined.

Harpa nobilis Lamarck.

But a single, barely perfect specimen of this species is before
the writer, and, so far as can be made out, it is identical with the
preceding species. The whole group of harps seems to the writer
to be very closely connected, and it is very doubtful if there are
over three or four valid species in the genus. The genus is prob-
ably not old enough, geologically, to have acquired stable differ-
ential characters.

Family MARGINELLID.
Genus MARGINELLA Lamarck.
Marginella prunum Gmelin. (Fig. 17.)
Apex small, flatly rounded, smooth, shining, consisting of one

and a-half whorls, rapidly increasing. Both nuclear and post-
nuclear whorls are smooth and shining, and the nuclear whorls are

Modification of the Apex in Gastropod Mollusks. 691

hyaline in texture and color. The whole apex is very simple; in
fact, the simplest kind of an apex.

There appears, if one may judge by the material at hand, to be
no variation among the nuclear whorls of this genus. The follow-
ing species have been examined and the apex does not differ, save
at times in size, in the slightest degree :

Marginella bivaricosa Lamarck, WM. guitata Dillwyn, I. nivosa
Hinds, M. curta Sowerby (apex darker in color than usual), J.
conoidalis Kiener, and M. apicina Menke (apex pinkish).

Family VOLUTID.
Genus VOLUTA Linné.

Voluta musica Linné. (Fig. 18.)

A pex very large, rounded, smooth, consisting of four and a-half
whorls, regularly increasing in size. The last nuclear whorl is
partly buried in that of the first post-nuclear. The apex is
smooth, of a rusty-brown color, and is very broad; the post-nu-
clear whorls are all armed with good-sized nodules. The whole
apex is so large that it may be easily studied with the unaided eye.
Five specimens have been examined, and the only variation seems
to be in the comparative height of the apex, some specimens hav-
ing the whorls flatter than in the specimen figured.

Voluta scapha Gmelin. (Fig. 19, 20.)

Apex very large, rounded, smooth, shining, consisting of three
and a-half whorls, which start out small and rapidly enlarge in
size. Theextreme apex (onéand a-half whorls) is very flat and the
whorls cannot be seen in a lateral view (see Fig. 20); the last two
whorls are broadly rounded. The color is dark (or light) brown
and the zigzag lines of color so characteristic of this species
do not appear until the first post-nuclear whorl is reached. The
nuclear whorls may measure 10 mill. in height and 15 mill. in
width. This is one of the largest apices in marine gastropods.
A number of perfect examples have been examined and the only
variation seems to be in the comparative height and breadth of
the apex.

Voluta vespertilio Linné. (Fig. 21, 22.)

Apex small (for the genus) rounded, nodular, shining consist-
ing of three whorls, rapidly enlarging. The first one and a-half
whorls are flat as in scapha, and the following whorls are large

692 Modification of the Apex in Gastropod Mollusks.,

and flatly rounded. All but the first whorl are nodulous, the
nodules being placed at the shoulder of the whorls. These nodes
become elevated spines on the post-nuclear whorls. The color is
whitish, the brown stripes beginning on the post-nuclear whorls.
The writer can find no variation in a large number of specimens
examined.

Voluta rupestris Gmelin. (Fig. 23.)

Apex large, mammiform, dull, consisting of one and a-half
whorls, of which the first is very large, mammiform, its apex bent
in and buried in the second half of the first whorl, and the
second (half of second) is very flat and narrow. The nuclear
whorls are smooth and the post-nuclear ribbed. Color yellowish
white, the flames not appearing until the post-nuclear whorls are
reached. This is a peculiar apex, with no tendency toward vari-
ation.

Genus SCAPHELLA Swainson.
Scaphella junonia Hwass. (Fig. 24.)

Apex of good size, rounded, smooth, consisting of one and a-
half whorls, rapidly enlarging. The nuclear whorls are smooth
and the post-nuclear whorls, for a short distance, are marked by
numerous fine, more or less nodular ribs. The color is a dead
white, the peculiar squarrish spots appearing on the last half of the
first post-nuclear whorl. The whole apex forms a rounded, dome-
shaped outline. Three specimens with perfect apices are before
the writer, and all show the same characters.

Genus MELO Broderip.
Melo Broderipii Gray.

The apex of this species is almost identical with that of Voluta
scapha (see figs. 19-20). Itis very large, rounded,and composed
of three and a-half whorls. The elevated spines begin on the last
half of the first post-nuclear whorl and gradually grow large and
strong. This apex is larger than that of scapha.

Melo diadema Lamarck.
The apex of this species is identical with that of broderipit.

Family MITRID A.
This family seems to be the hardest from which to obtain per-
fect specimens. Out of two dozen species, and over a hundred
specimens, not a single perfect apex could be found.

Modification of the Apex in Gastropod Mollusks. 693

Family FASCIOLARIID#.

Genus FASCIOLARIA Lamarck.
Fasciolaria gigamtea Kiener. (Figs. 25, 26.) .

Apex small, rounded, smooth, consisting of one and a-half
whorls, rapidly enlarging; the nodules appear on the first post-
nuclear whorl; color dead white. The young shell when taken
from the egg-capsule (fig. 26) consists of one and a-half sper-
maceti-like whorls, the point of the first whorl being bent in and
buried in the coil of the first whorl. The young shell measures
about 4 mill. in length and is very broad.

Fasciolaria tulipa Linné.
Fasciolaria distans Linné.

The apices of these two species are like that of gigantea ;
tulipa has a dark purple, and distans a spermaceti-like apex.
When the animal leaves the egg there would seem to be no dif-
ference of specific importance, those characters being acquired
later. The post-nuclear whorls of both species are smooth and
shining. Those who find difficulty in separating these two
Species, may easily do so by observing the heavy spiral callus
just beneath the point where the periphery meets the body whorl
in distans. This is absent in tulipa.

Genus FULGUR Montfort.
Fulgur pyrum Diliwyn. (Figs. 27, 28.)

The apex is very like that of Fasciolaria gigantea, and consists
of the same number of whorls. The post-nuclear whorls are
strongly shouldered and tubercular. The young shell just from
the egg capsule (fig. 28) shows a rounded apex and shouldered
second whorl, and the interior of the aperture (outer lip) isstrongly
and deeply striate, the striations running as far into the aperture
as can be seen. The apex is white in color. Of a large number
examined, all show the characters expressed above. The apex in
the young is almost hidden by the coil of the second whorl.

Fulgur perversus Linné. (Figs. 29, 30.)

Apex large, rounded, knob-shaped, smooth for the most part,
consisting of one and a-half whorls regularly increasing in size.
The second whorl is nodulous and soon becomes decidedly
shouldered where it meets the first post-nuclear whorl. Color

694 Modification of the Apex in Gastropod Mollusks.

dead white. The young shell from the egg (fig. 30) is large,
sinistral, the nucleus is large and knob-shaped, and the second
whorl is nodulous and strongly shouldered. It is also spirally
striate, strongly costate, and marked with reddish flames as in
the adult. The interior of the outer lip is strongly striate. This
apex differs from the others in the genus by the presence of the
ribs, shoulder and color, in the other species these appear first on
the post-nuclear whorls, instead of the nuclear as in this species.

Fulgur canaliculatus Say. (Fig. 31.)

The apex of this species is very like that of Fulgur pyrum (fig.
27); the present nucleus, however, is a little more rounded, and.
the first whorl is more knob-shaped and the initial point deeply
buried in the second whorl (there are one and a-half nuclear
whorls). The second whorl is faintly shouldered and the first
post-nuclear whorl is heavily shouldered, and the latter is strongly
nodulous. In color the apex is white, and it is also smooth.
About a dozen specimens examined.

Family BUCCINID A.
Genus CHRYSODOMUS Swainson.
Chrysodomus antiquus Linné. (Figs. 32, 33.)

Apex of good size, rounded, smooth (?), consisting of two and
a-half whorls, slowly and regularly increasing in size; the nuclear
whorls are (apparently) smooth, and the post-nuclear whorls are
spirally striate and shouldered. The apex is yellowish white in
color. The specimens of typical antiquus before the writer have
almost been ruined by acid, so that the nucleus, while showing
perfectly the original form, is yet devoid of all markings. In a
specimen of contraria Linné (—antiquus) (fig. 33), the nuclear
whorls are encircled by five strong spiral lines. The apex of this
form differs from the typical antiquus in being more discoidal and
oblique. The writer is convinced that antiquus (typical) is stri-
ated precisely as in contraria. Dealers’ shells are of but very
little value, scientifically.

Genus PISANTIA Bivona.
Pisania pusio Linné. (Fig. 34.)
Apex small, rounded, smooth, consisting of one and a-half
glossy whorls, regularly increasing; the post-nuclear whorls

Modification of the Apex in Gastropod Mollusks. 695

(four of them) are nodular. The apex of the first nuclear whorl
is a flattened hemisphere. The nodules of the post-nuclear whorls
begin quite abruptly. The color is yellowish white. But two
specimens of this specics have been examined.

Subgenus TRITONIDEA Swainson.
Pisania tincta Conrad.

The nucleus is very similar in form to that of pusio, but is
spermaceti-white instead of yellowish or brownish. The number
of whorls is the same in both species. A half dozen specimens
examined, one of which had a dark brown apex.

Genus EUTHRIA Gray.
Euthria cornea Linné. (Fig. 35.)

The apex of this species is very like that of Pisania, excepting
that it is more oblique, the first whorl is smaller in comparison
with the second and the post-nuclear whorls are ribbed instead of
nodulous. It is brownish in color and has one and a-half whorls.
But a single example has been examined.

Family NASSIDA.
Genus NASSA Lamarck.
Nassa glans Lamarck. (Fig. 36.)

Apex small, rounded, smooth, consisting of one and a-half glossy
whorls, rapidly and regularly increasing in size. The initial
whorl is very smalland knob-shaped with its apex bent in, and the
second whorl is flatly rounded. The post-nuclear whorls are
strongly nodulous, there being four nodules to each longitudinal
rib. The line between the nuclear and post-nuclear whorls is very
sharply drawn. About four and a-half post-nuclear whorls are
nodulous, and then they become smooth and polished. The nu-
cleus is of a rich wine color. Only a single example has been ex-
amined.

Nassa trivittata Say. (Fig. 37.)

The apex of this species is very like that of glans excepting
that it has two whorls and is white in color. All of the post-
nuclear whorls are strongly nodulate and spirally-lirate, giving
the shell a latticed appearance. The writer has examined three
perfect specimens.

696 Modification of the Apex in Gastropod Mollusks.

Nassa vibex Say.

The apex is like that of glans, the same number of whorls, ex-
cepting that its color is yellowish-white. A dozen specimens ex-
amined.

Nassa incrassata Gmelin.

Apex like that of trivitiata, the same number of whorls, color
white in some specimens and wine-colored in others. Five speci-
mens examined.

Nassa tegulla Reeve.

Apex like those of trivittata and incrassata, the same number of
whorls which are wine-colored in some specimens and spermaceti-
white in others. In a lot of five perfect specimens, two were
white and three were wine-colored.

Nassa scabriuscula Powis.

The apex of this species is in all respects like the last, except-
ing that the whorls are a trifle narrower, especially the initial
whorl, and they are white. Two specimens examined.

Nassa mutabilis Lamarck. (Fig. 38.)

This nucleus differs from the preceding in having but one and
a-haif whorls, which are more rounded, especially the first which
is knob-shaped and large. The color is spermaceti-white and the
whorls are shiny. The first three post-nuclear whorls are costate
after which they become smooth. Several specimens examined.

Family COLUMBELLID&.

Genus COLUMBELLA Lamarck.
Columbella mercatoria Linné. (Figs. 39, 40.)

Apex of good size, rounded, smooth, consisting of two whorls,
rapidly enlarging. The whorls are very flat, the first one particu-
larly so (fig. 40), and in a lateral view the first whorl shows
simply as a flat cap. The nuclear whorls are perfectly smooth,
but the post-nuclear whorls are spirally lirate. In perfect speci-
mens the apex is deep purple in color, but in worn specimens it is
white. A number of specimens examined with no variation.

Columbella fastigiata Sowerby. (Fig. 41.)

Apex of good size, rounded, smooth, consisting of three and a-
half whorls regularly increasing in size. The first two whorls are

Modification of the Apex in Gastropod Mollusks. 697

as in mercatoria and the extra one and a-half whorls are narrowly
rounded. The lateral outline makes an obtuse cone. Color as
in the preceding species. Three specimens examined.

Columbella rustica Linné.
Apex in all respects like that of mercatoria. Sometimes lighter
in color. Four specimens examined.

Columbella fuscata Sowerby. (Fig. 42.)

Apex small, conical, elevated, smooth, consisting of two and a-
half regularly increasing whorls, which are spermaceti-like. This
apex differs from the preceding in its sharply conical form.
About a dozen perfect specimens examined.

Columbella avara Say.
The apex of this species is like that of fuscata. A number of
Specimens examined.

Family MURICID.

Genus MUREX Linné.
For the sake of comparison the following species of this genus
are introduced, but have been published in the works cited above.

Murex scolopax Dillwyn. (Fig. 43.)

The nucleus consists of two smooth, glossy, fulvous whorls,
of which the second is twice as large as the first; a carina be-
gins at the apex and after traversing the first and second whorls
in an oblique direction, finally ends in the suture above the third
whorl. The top of the first whorl is flat, the lateral outline of the
whorls descends outwardly in a straight slant to the carina, and
from the carina to the suture below it slants inward. The carina
of the last whorl is much lower nearer the suture than that of the
first, giving the two whorls somewhat the appearance of a stumpy
smoke-stack of alocomotive. The last nuclear whorl ends with a
triangular varix, which is thick, whitish and semitransparent.

Murex aduncospinosus Beck. (Fig. 44.)

The nucleus consists of two and a-half blunt, conical, glossy,
fulvous, flat sided whorls, which increase regularly from the apex ;
the last whorl is margined below by a very fine thread just at the
suture; the lateral outline shows a cone of about three regularly
increasing whorls, of which the third is twice as large as the first.
There is a rounded varix of considerable size at the end of the
last nuclear whorl. en

698 Modification of the Apex in Gastropod Mollusks.

Genus VITULARIA Swainson.
Vitularia salebrosa King. (Fig. 45.)

Apex small, angular, carinated, consisting of one and a- half
whorls, tapi increasing. The first whorl is flat and cap-like,
and the second is wide and angular. <A carina begins at the initial
point of the first whorl and encircles the nuclear whorl and the
post-nuclear whorl; on the latter it is nodular and ribbed. Color
of apex white. But a single specimen examined.

Genus PURPURA Bruguicre.
Subgenus POLYTROPA Swainson.
Purpura lapillus Linné. (Fig. 46.)

Apex small, rounded, smooth, knob-shaped, consisting of one
and a-half whorls very rapidly increasing. The nuclear whorls are
smooth and rounded, but the post-nuclear whorls are bicarinated.
The carination of the post-nuclear whorls commences very sud-
denly after leaving the nucleus. A number of specimens ex-
amined.

Purpura saxicola ostrina Gould.
The apex in this species is exactly like that of lapillus. Two
dozen specimens examined.

Genus CONCHOLEPAS Lamarck.
Concholepas peruvianus Lamarck. (Fig. 47.)

Apex small, rounded, smooth, knob-shaped, consisting of two
and a-half whorls, narrowly rounded and white in color. The
post-nuclear whorls are strongly ribbed and striate, and the last
whorl nearly conceals the nucleus. Two perfect specimens ex-
amined.

Family JANTHINIDA.

Genus JANTHINA Lamarck.
Janthina globosa Swainson.

The apex of this species is very small and is buried in the volu-
tions of the post-nuclear whorls. There is no line of junction be-
tween the nuclear and post-nuclear whorls, and the number of
nuclear whorls cannot be counted. All of the whorls are of a
delicate purple color. A dorsal view of the apical whorl is like
fig. 40, and a lateral view like fig. 39.

Janthina communis Lamarck.

Same as J. globosa.

Modification of the Apex in Gastropod Mollusks. 699

Family TRITONIIDA.
Genus GYRINEUM Link. 1807.
Ranella Lamarck. 1812.
Gyrineum albovaricosa Reeve. (Fig. 48.)

Apex small, rounded, smooth, shining, consisting of two and
a-half regularly increasing whorls. The post-nuclear whorls are
very nodulous and are shouldered. In some specimens the nuclear
whorls appear a trifle malleated. The color is white or horn.

There seems to be a a great amount of uniformity among the
nuclear whorls of this genus. The following species all have
apices of the same type as albovaricosa, varying only a trifle in
relative heights and widths. The number of whorls is the same
in all; a number of specimens of each species have been ex-
amined.

Gyrineum elegans Beck.
Gyrineum Jampas Lamarck.
Gyrineum subgranosum Beck.
Gyrineum spinosum Lamarck.
Gyrineum lividum Reeve.
Gyrineum affine Broderip.
Gyrineum pulchrum Gray.

Genus TRITONIUM Link. 1807.
Triton Montfort. 1810.

Of a collection of some twelve species of this genus, comprising
about a hundred specimens, not a perfect apex could be found.
From an examination of a broken nucleus, I should say the apex
was similar to that of Gyrineum.

Family CASSIDID.

Genus CASSIS Lamarck.
Cassis granulosa Lamarck. (Fig. 49.)

Apex small, rounded, smooth, shining. white, consisting of two
and a-half whorls. The first whorl is very small and narrow, and
its apex seems to be buried in the coil of the second whorl. The
last two whorls are broad and rounded. The post-nuclear whorls
are nodulous. The whole apex has the appearance of a mamma
very much flattened at the top.

700 Modification of the Apex in Gastropod Mollusks.

Cassis cameo Stimpson.
Cassis flammea Linné.
Cassis rufa Linné.
Cassis sulcosa Brug.
Cassis testiculus Linné.
Cassis pila Reeve.
Cassis Saburon Lamarck.
Cassis vibex Linné.
Cassis glauca Linné.

All of the above species have precisely the same form of nucleus
as that of granulosa. A number of specimens examined.

Genus CASSIDARIA Lamarck.
Cassidaria echinophora Linné. (Fig. 50.)

Apex small, rounded, smooth, shining, consisting of one and
a-half whorls, rapidly enlarging. There is a distinct, elevated
line where the nuclear and post-nuclear whorls join, and the latter
are encircled by numerous beaded spiral lines. This is quite a
constant nucleus. Color spermaceti-like. Two specimens ex-
amined.

Genus ONISCIDIA Swainson.
Oniscidia cancellata Sowb.

The apex of this species is like that of the last species, ex-
cepting that it is a little longer. A single specimen examined.

Family DOLIIDA.
Genus DOLIUM Lamarck.

The members of this genus have a rounded apex very like that
of Cassis (Fig. 49) excepting that the whorls are wider and very
dark horn-color or chestnut-color. The number of whorls varies
somewhat. The nucleus is smooth and polished, and the post-
nuclear whorls are encircled by beaded spiral lines. The line
of junction between the nuclear and post-nuclear whorls is very
sharply drawn. A number of specimens of each species ex-
amined.

Dolium galea Linné. Three and one-half whorls.

Dolium fasciatum Linné. Three and a-half whorls.
Dolium perdix Linné. Three whorls.

Modification of the Apex in Gastropod Mollusks. 701

Dolium matlea Val. Two and a-half white whorls.
Dolium maculatum Lamarck. Three light horn-colored whorls.
Dolium olearium Linné. Three whorls.

Genus PYRULA Lamarck.
Pyrula papyratia Say. (Figs. 51, 52.)

Apex small, rounded, smooth and shining, white, consisting
of one and a-quarter whorls, very rapidly enlarging. The nuclear
whorl looks very like a young Helix. The post-nuclear whorls
are beautifully reticulated. The dorsal view (fig. 50) shows a
very rapidly enlarging volution and the sharp line between nuclear
and pest-nuclear whorls. Several specimens examined.

Pyrula ficus Linné.

This species has an apex like that of papyratza, but with one
and a-half whorls. Five specimens examined.

Family CYPRAID.
Genus CYPR EA Linné.
Cyprzwa exanthema Linné.
The apex of this species is of the same type as fig. 41, excepting

that it is a trifle wider. It consists of three and a-half smooth.
dark-brown whorls. Four specimens examined (young).

Cyprza spadicea Swainson.

In this species the outline of the whorls forms a \_ shape, very
much spreading at the bottom. There are three and a-half smooth,
yellowish-brown whorls. Two specimens examined (young).

The collection of Cyprea before me numbers over 160 species,
yet the two species quoted above are the only ones showing the
young shell, which alone shows the character of the apex. From
what I can learn from the adult forms of the other species, I
should say that all have the same type of apex, though probably
differing in the number and relative width of the whorls._

Family STROMBID 2.
Genus STROMBUS Linné.
Strombus gigas Linné. (Fig. 53.)
Apex small, rounded, smooth, white, consisting of two and a-
half whorls, regularly increasing. The nuclear whorls are smooth,

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Sct., IX, Aug., 1897.—46.

702 Modification of the Apex in Gastropod Mollusks.

but the post-nuclear whorls are strongly ribbed and spirally
striate. The lateral outline of this species shows a graceful
rounded curve. A half dozen perfect specimens examined.

7

Strombus minimus Linné.

The apex of this species is similar to that of S. gigas, has two
and a-half rounded whorls, but is much broader and more pyra-
midal. Two specimens examined.

Family PLANAXID.

Genus PLANAXIS Lamarck.
Planaxis planicostata Sowerby. (Fig. 54.)

Apex small, pointed, smooth, shining, consisting of three and
a-half regularly increasing whorls. The color is a deep wine-red.
The post-nuclear whorls are coarsely spirally ribbed. The lateral
outline of the apex of this species shows a sharp pyramid. A
number of specimens examined.

Family VERMETID &.

Genus VERMICULARIA Lamarck.
Vermicularia spirata Philippi. (Fig. 55.)

Apex small, knob-shaped, smooth, lustreless, consisting of one
and a-half whorls rapidly increasing in size; color yellowish ;
post-nuclear whorls spirally ribbed and carinated. This species
shows a wonderful degree of constancy in the form of the nucleus.
About twenty specimens examined.

Family LITORINIDA.

Genus LITORINA Feérussac.

Litorina aspera Philippi.

The nucleus of this species seems to be in all respects like that
of fig 42, and consists of two and a-half hyaline whorls.

The following species do not differ in the form of the nuclear
whorls:
Litorina scabra Linné. Nucleus yellowish in color.
Litorima conspersa Philippi. Nucleus purplish in color.
Litorina philippii Carpenter. Nucleus hyaline.
Litorina scutulata Gould. Nucleus brownish in color.
Litorina patula Gould. Nucleus brownish in color.
Litorina palliata Say.
Litorina obtusata Linné.

Modification of the Apex in Gastropod Mollusks. 103

These two species have a flat nucleus of one and a-half whorls,
‘similar in form to fig. 50, excepting that all the whorls are
smooth. They are yellowish or brownish in color. A number
of specimens of each species have been examined.

Famlly NATICID &.

Genus NATICA Lamarck.

The nuclear whorls of all the species of this genus seem to
conform to the following diagnosis: Apex small, smooth, rounded,
polished, consisting of one and a-half narrow, rapidly increasing
whorls. Color variable. The following species have been ex-
amined (fig. 56):

Natica lineata Chemnitz (dark horn).

Natica vitellus Lamarck (yellowish).

Natica alapapilionis Chemnitz (hyaline).
Natica adansonii Récluz. (hyaline).

Natica maroccana Dillwyn (hyaline).
Natica mamilla Linné (white).

Natica lamarckiana Récluz. (pinkish-horn).
Natica opaca Récluz. (white).

Natica canrena Lamarck (hyaline).

Natica heros Say (blackish).

Natica duplicata Say (bluish or whitish).
Natica labrella Lamarck (two whorls, hyaline).
Natica hebrzea Mart. , yellowish).

Natica flemingiana Récluz. (two whorls, white).
Natica conicus Lamarck (two whorls, hyaline).

A large number of specimens have been examined.

Family TROCHID 4.
Genus CALLIOSTOMA Swainson.

Calliostoma langieri Philippi. (Fig. 57.) j

Apex small, rounded, shining, rapidly increasing, consisting of
one and a-half whorls. The first half whorl is smooth and the
second whorl is encircled by several (four or five) heavy spiral
lines. The post-nuclear whorls are at first encircled by granular
spiral ridges, which soon become smooth. On the last whorls
the spaces between the ridges become impressed. Two speci-
mens examined.

704 Modification of the Apex in Gastropod Mollusks.

Genus GIBBULA Risso.
Gibbula formani Payr.

The apex of this species is in all respects like that of Callios- —
toma langiert. Three specimens examined.

Genus EUCHELUS Philippi.
Euchelus denigratus Chemnitz.

Apex similar in form to Calliostoma langiert1, but more rapidly
enlarging, smooth and brownish red in color. A single specimen
examined.

Genus CLANCULUS Montfort.
Clanculus perniceus Philippi. (Fig. 58.)

Apex smooth, pink or red, rounded, consisting of one and a-
half whorls regularly increasing. The first part of the first whorl
is buried in the coil of the succeeding whorl. The post-nuclear
whorls are beautifully beaded. A number examined,

Family NERITIDA.
Genus NERITA Bruguiere.

All of the species examined conformed to the following diag-
nosis and were similar to fig. 50 in form.
Apex small, flat, smooth, more or less hyaline or yellowish in
color, consisting of one and a-half whorls rapidly increasing in
size. The post-nuclear whorls are strongly marked with growth
lines.
The following species have been examined :

Nerita polita Linné.
Nerita plicata Linné (nuclear whorls more elevated, not so flat).

Genus NERITINA Lamarck.

Apex like that of Nerita, but whorls not so rapidly increasing.
The following have been examined :
Neritina picta Sowerby.
Neritina virginea Linné.
Neritina dispar Pease.
Neritima meleagris Lamarck.

A number of specimens of each species have been examined.

VOL. IX, PLATE XVIII.

12

19

INNALS N. Y. ACAD. SCIENCES. VOL. IX, PLATE XIX.

my LINN

[Ai
eam \% \
21 9
2
Korcer yy hel au ce
29 : a
30
, foro
7 33
38

=.

(NNALS N. Y. ACAD. SCIENCES. VOL. IX, PLATE XX.

GENERAL INDEX.

The names of groups higher than genera are in SMALL CAPITALS; names of

synonyms and of species assigned to erroneous genera are in italics.

INBDAL a. 6
erinita
Acholerops
retrusa
zimmermanni
Acoptus
Actiastes
ACTININZE
Actium . ae
angustum
bifovertum . .
Aditoma bifida
AUMODESMIDZ ..

Anchylarthron caviceps

curtipenne
ANCYROTRICHA .
ANOCHETA
ANTHEADE

Anthicus basillaris . ‘

bicolor
floralis .
politus

Antinedia duchassaingi .

tuberculata
ARCHIIULIDE
ARCHIPOLYPODA
Arianops amblyoponica

plectrops .. .
ASCYDMINI
Ascydmus

tener .
Atractosoma

bohemicum

carpathicum
AUGODESMIDZ

Bactropus
conifer . .
BALANININI
Balaninus sare
brevirostris
confusor
humeralis .
longipes

PAGE

653

654

. 523, 535
. 535, 537
535, 536

667 |

. . 557, 561
181

557, 558

. . 558
558

630

4 |
612,
611.

1 |

Sue e
181
683

46 |
683 |

457
190

190 |

355, 505

. . 656, 657
. . 656, 661

nanulus

occidentis .
strictus .
suleatulus .
undulatus .
uniformis .
BAS O homey ee
| BATRISINI :
Batrisus cavicornis
fossicauda
harringtoni
schmitti
temporalis
uncicornis
| Bibloplectus sobrinus
Bitoma sufiusa
| BLANIULIDA .
Brachycepsis
Branneria .
carinata
Brennus pee a
basalis
catenulatus
com positus

|

convergens
| cordatus :
corpulentus .

| cupripennis .
decipiens
dissolutus. .
duplicatus
fuchsianus
Faller 5:
gentilis .
gravidus
incipiens
interruptus
insularis
marginatus
mimus

Balaninus monticola .

obtusus ...

1) 88.33

confusus ...

cristatus ....

PAGE

. 657, 663

656, 658
657

. 656, 658
. . 656, 660
. . 656, 661
_ 656, 659

656

', . 558, 571

, 573
579
575
578
581
573
576
555
631

6
473

33
305

PS 307 O10
. . 309, 324
. 309, 332

' 73109336
. 309, 326
e310) 3387
. 309, 331
F307, 3d
SON aa4
. 307, 316

. 309, 329

. 307, 312

. 308, 320

. 310, 332

. . 308, 322
. 308, 317

. 307, 313

. 310, 333
310, 334

. . 310, 335
. . 308, 323

706 General Index.
PAGE PAGE
Brennus obliquus . . . 309, 325 | Cephaloon versicolor . . . . 650, 651
opacicollis . . . 309, 327|CEPHENNIINI ...:. . . 30d, 500
oreophilus. . . . . . 309, 324|Cephennium ....... 500
OVAalIS(t arcane . 307, 315 anophthalmicum . . . 502, 504
politus . . . . 309, 330 breve. 2°.) een 547
porcatus) . . 2 22 2 309)1328 corporosum . . . 502
PUNChabuS eee 307, 317 virginitum ..... 502, 503
MULICEPS)) | aye eis 30%, S13)|(Ceramphis = Se). eee 523, 538
sculptipennis - . 009) S20 deformata AL c 339
sinuatus . . . - 309, 330 | Cerylon angustulum 634
striatopunctatus . . . 307, 314 californicum) =) eee 635
striabus) 4. 9 eer. meet 308, 319 castaneum ioe 634
strictus . . Foe Ce BPP) clypeale. .... 635, 636
subtilis . . 308, 318 simplex 634
symmetricus . . 308, 319 sticticum 634, 636
ventricosus . . . 908, 321 sylvaticum 634, 635
BRYAXINI . . 584 unicolor ~~ *-\ eae 634
Bryaxis arguta 585|CHELODESMIDH........ 4
- BUCCINIDE 694) Chevrolatia;. ...... ares 015)
BYTHININI : 566 614 amoena: 2. = ". "5 eee 517
Bythinus bythinoides . 614| CHEVROLATIINI . ... . dan, o15
carinatus . . 614|(CHILOGNATHA 2 2) 2) eee 2,8
carolinae . 614Cholerus”.-.. 7. 22a 522
tychoides 614) |(Chordenma > >) = eee mol
Sermanicum)... eee 92
Calathus guadalupensis. . 349 inloides . . 83
Calliostoma..... 703 rhenanum . 92
Calosoma arcuata . - 343 | CHORDEUMIDA {-) nee 21
DUNT COUTTS fey eae eo ees 340 |'(Chrysodomus .". . . eee 694
monticola . 342) (Cicindela: =— =) 4) 5) ee 295
parviceps . . . 341 denverensis eee 297
SPONSAgie Seen weer 340) depressula).) <) 2eeneeene 297
CAMBALIDE 6 echo ao fe pee 298
CAMBALOIDEA 6 ING UWS tOn ees 2 ee 298
CAMBALOPSIDE . : 6 lawta >). eee 296 |
Cumpodes . . i al plutonica . voles 296
flavicornis 43, 44 | CICINDELIDA! . 2.) ae 288
FUSCLCORRIS: FL = . As (Clanenlus 2). = eee 704
CAMPODESMIDH. ... . 4 | Cleidogona’ . |. 2 3aeaeaeme 28, 41
Capnea lucida . 182 cesioannulata. .... - 43
CARIAB LD Ate eles 299 LOLCEDSi sae 49
Caseyats einige rt ous 28, 84 fustis 50
evexOpUS) ye) cl seek 85 Tamiunatars oes saree 48
Cassidaria 700 major... 47
(QUNSSIOD IUD YADI a Say Nous uRAteaN Iota a8 699 mexicana. . 52
Cassis 699 Vdd) eae Site een
Catalinus: Sao. sas 469, 492|CLIDICINE ...... . . d04, 541
angustus . . 4) 493) | (CEMmICiNiue iE) Sane . 541, 542
Cecdiuisi eli cyra whem icaimtanere) Mice. pes 625 | COLOBOGNATHA...... s) 288
robustus 626)|'Columbellay 592) -) sae 696, 697
SpiNOSUSteee eee ee 626)| COLUMBELLID A.) ee 696
ziegleri 626 ||ConYDIIN AS aeons 630
CHPEVAT OND AN 2mm aie ee 649 | Concholepas. . 698
Cephaloont 35-9 o.oo saya 649) | Connophron =) =") ene 362. 390
lepturides) as: 650 abducens. aaa 394, 418
ornatum. . . 650, 652 acutipenne. . . . 393, 401
tenuicorne . 650 CON Mole dic", . 395, 427
ungulare . . 651 angusticolle . . . 395, 423

General Index. T07

PAGE PAGE

Connophron atrum .. . . . 398, 461 | Connophron pallidum . . . 395, 422
PASalOwe es a ease.) Bercies 398, 456 parcum! "54.5 qacek 396, 441
IDICEPS a. a = . 397, 443 pertinax ..... 398, 462
bifidum: <7... 3°.) 1397, 451 POlibunMl; > <2) eens, 400
brevicorne. ... . . 394, 413 PLOCERUMG es 394, 415
calearatum. . ... . . 397, 450 proximum. ...__. 398, 453
capillosulum..... 398, 452 pumilumiy = ee oes. 406
castaneum.. . . - 396, 436 | pyzamidale 295 (32a. 396, 439
Caviceps..... . 397, 444 Tepletum wea 393, 399
clavatum .. . . 397, 442 repugnans ..... . 397, 449
clavicorne...... 394, 417 TULUM ee ae) See tovo e406
comptum .... . . 39d, 421 SOI 6 bbe oe 6 393, 403
Gamiler sc. 3s). 4013 . 396, 435 | Setiger 0) 507 ikxt1390, 40k
debilitans...... 397, 446 simulans ... . . . 393, 402
decipiens .... . 397, 443 tenebrosum ... . . 394, 414
decorum. .... . . 395, 430 testaceipes ... . . 396, 433
@entigen =. 9 ees) 393, 407 WENT 5 o 6 o oc 397, 447
digressum . ... . . 395, 430 trinifer ..... . 397, 445
divisumen a) eee e906, 432 WANA 6 5.2 6 6 o 6 GN 487
elongatum. ... . . 394, 416 ventricosum .. . . 395, 428
extricatum. ..... 393, 408| Conotyia ......- Be foe ete, ll)
femorale. :. 9... . . 394; 414 atrolineata ..... . . 7a
filitarse ..... . . 398, 460 loon 5 6 bss eo eg AO
flavitarse- 2°. 5°35 = 393, 404 fISCHELIES A eye elton el
formale ..... . . 393, 402 PlOMETA tA enn
fossiger . per OO As Abt leihergie say ca. ue nene
frontale . . sg ee tay, 4283) WEOOMY 4 5 5 5p oo 6 | fe
TYPOS NUNN 7 gt iG on bree 395, 424|Copturodes . . See a 6 OST, OSE)
fulvum ... . . 397, 448 | ROE) Ge 6 6 os. WW
furtivum ..... , 394, 420 binotatus = 2 =. . = = 670
gaudens.... . . 394, 410 Se CavatkOnSe |. se) nee . 670, 675
hixtellum! <2 = 3.) )395; 429 cockerelli . . . . . . 670, 671
NWI 6 ne ee ce 5 oe, ARI dispersus .... . . 671, 678
Stress snes ee ae a9Os 454 floridanus .... . . 670, 674
DHETMI CMe sess) OIG ASA: frontalis .... . . 670, 674
innocuum ... . . . 396, 434 Koebeleiemeennoermcan 670, 672
integrum .... . . 395, 425 Nom 6 5 oo cf a 6 (ail
lacunosum. . . 398, 459 NUMALUS ee ieee OO
Jeanine 4 8 6 a4 . 394, 419 | mammillatus ..... . 669
iimatnunis 29. e.)- . 398, 465) missourianus .. . . 670, 673
longicorne. . . . . . 393, 406 mucidus .... . . 671, 676
longipenne. . . . . . 393, 400) TEVNUUIER 5 g 5 5 6 os . 670
longipilosum. ... . 398, 458 | nubilatus ..... 670, 676
ludificans . ... . . 394, 409) obscurellus ... . . 671, 677
luteipes...... . 394, 418 operculatus ... . 56 OO
lynceum..... . . 398, 455 GUELCUSHe ees en nea eee O)
mutilans. .... . . 398, 452 sparsus ..... . . 670, 673
nigripenne. ..... 394, 410 subcupreus ... ~. . 671, 677
nigrum .... .. . 398, 463 Suturalisl 20) os 670, 672
nimbatum. .. . . . 396, 440| Craspedosoma So Lately)
novellum .... . . 394, 412 QUROUIN CALL eae ee
OUGi@lons 3.5 Gots fas 395, 426 DOUMANT AO ee eG,
optatum .... . , 393, 399 CORUNCLUTON i n-aaneeee . 33d
oregonense ..... 396, 439 HMaveSCENSiay. ees eine aegele 90
oreophilum ... . . 393, 405 PLOUICUIU Uo chokeh rote Od
OSculans|y scsi vtec 396, 438 TCT UCAIUU mene tieeaeee 52
paganum .... . . 398, 464 moniliforme ...... 90

pallidipes .... . . 398, 462 NOUS GS Boo eee. 6 90

708

General Index.

PAGE

Craspedosoma ocellatum 68
oribates 90
packardti . . . 68

; stygium St 190
CRASPEDOSOMATID . 1, 3, 21, 88
CRASPEDOSOMATOIDEA ; 3
CRYPTODESMID& 4
Cryptotrichus F 41
cesioannulatus. . .. . 43
Ctenistes , 617
CORENTSLIN ene 617
CuCcUJIDE te 630
Cupes capitatus . . 637
concolor 638
TODICe pS aE ae 637
Ccwlatusiieny. sue en 638
CUPESID& Oo
Cupila BEd bs . 507, 561
_CURCULIONIDZ . . Gos)
CYCLODESMID& 4
Cyprea. . 701
CYPRHIDE . 701
Dalmosella . 508, 570
tenuis ; 570
Dasytellus LEAS 682
Dasytes parvicollis 682
Decarthron laurenticum . . O84
Delius : Se, eee AGS VA Ori
robustulus . ease 497
DENDROMELID : . 181, 186
Diplactis bermudensis . co LES
DIPLOCHETA i Bug ON)
Diplochila alternans . . . - d47
@iiems e e 8 o 347, 348
impressicollis . - . S47
laticollis ....... 347
nupera 347, 348
obtusa . . 847
DIPLOPODA . as 1
DISCOSOMIDA . . 182
Ditomag., 225 2. 631
DOLIID 700
Dolium . . 700
Drastophus . 362, 389
leevicollis . “2 389
Dromochorus 293
Ine linace Wee neem ec tones. 294
pilatei 294
pruininus. . 294
sericeus. - . 294
Elaphrus politus. . 345
Euchelus Pe Ns: a8. deat be 704
Euciconesmarginalis. . . . . . 632
EUCONNINT sen . . 304, 362
Euconnus = 2 2202). . 362, 363
affinis . . 365, 374

PAGE
Euconnus bicolor ..... 365, 370
callidus 2). 366, 383
capitatus . ..: . eae 366, 384
cavipennis. . . . . . 365, 371
clavipes . . . 364,.367
debilisiss-. = eaceeene 366, 383
fatuus. . . . 366, 381
gratus. . . . 365, 375
heedillus. . . 366, 380
impotemns ...... 366, 382
MELUSH eee . BOD, Old
nigrescens . . . 365, 373
occultus) eee 365, 372
putus . 365, 376
Kelucensis) eu eee 365, 378
salinator. . . 365, 379
semiruber...... 365, 368
varicornis . . . . 365, 369
ventralis . . 364, 366
EUMICRINI . . . 300, 522
IF wTOMOWS 2 55 ao -. 9622, 928
caseyt aS paelaeeaan 519
eruralis . . . 525, 534
floridanus ...... 525, 530
foveatus . . . . 524, 528
gro-sus . . 024, 525
longicollis. .... . 520, 531
lucanus .. 2 2) ae 520, 048
motschulskii. . ... 525, 529
occipitalis . . . 024, 526
ochreatus ...... 525, 532
punctatus... ..: : 536
quadric ps. . . 524, 529
Saginatus 525, 533
vestalis .... 524, 527
Eumitocerus . . . 548
EUPHOBERIDA a
TOMI KOMI Ge 6 6 a 6 6 8 552
Euplectus disjunctus . 554
Eustemmus . 522
Buthetaiin 2 6 8s 2) a ae 507, 508
aAMErICANa > =) 508
settuld, oe 513
EIWTHETING. -4\). a. ts ba eee 355, 507
Buthiaycolon S23) eee 514
impressa 511
longula . 511
Euthiodes 507, 515
eristatus. . . . . .. 514
latus. . . 515
Euthtias oe eee 695
IVARONENT 326-0.) 3o ae 550
Fasciolaria ........ ., 693
FASCIOLARIIDH. ..... . . 693
Jmuilbante 5! 616 chia G . . . 693, 694

Galerita
infrma.. .
thoracica . .

Gastropod mollusks

Gelus. ee

GERVAISIIDE .

Gibbula

GLOMERID

GLOMERIDESMID

GLOMERIDESMOIDEA .

GLOMEROIDEA.. .°.

GOMPHODESMID

Gyrineum .....

Gyrotus
munitus

Onis oats

Haasia . .

HAPLODESMID®

Harpa

HARPID® LGA ae
Heteractis lucida . .
Heteranthus floridus
Heterochordeuma
HETEROCHORDEUMID®
HIPXACTINIE . ....
Isaurus duchassaingi
ISOBATIDA
IULID&
IULOIDEA

Janthina .
JANTHINIDE .

Lebrunea neglecta . .
LEPTOMASTACINI
LEPTOSCYDMINI . .
Leptoscydmus. .
caseyl
cavifrons
LIMACOMORPHA
Listrus
Aeiborinay 2 2) eS
LITORINID&
LOPHIODERINI
Lophioderus ....
arcifer
biformis
gracilis
myops
LOPHOTRICHA
LUCANIDE . .
LYSIOPETALIDZ
LYSIOPETALOIDEA

Mammillifera nymphea . .

Marginella .
MARGINELLIDE ..

General

oe) ae
On =n BRS croga
si) Yor Sear) pay ve:

COs oo oe ci

eveyone. ote
2 or fe 6 e

Ora Cites ae

se

Te Onde SCR aS

Index.

MASTIGINI . .

Megarafonus ventralis . .

Melba 202:
fossiger
suleatula
texana
uniformis
Melo.
MEROCHETA .....
Microstemma grossa
motschulskit
MITRIDA
Mollusks.....
MONOCHETA
Murex
MURICIDZ . .

Pye ie Sched

NANNOLENIDZ .
Nassa .
NASSIDA
Natica .
NATICID#&
Neladius
tenuis
Neleus . . .
Nerita ..
NERITID
Neritina
INTMUS! OAs cape ties
Nisaxis cincinnata ,
maritima .
parviceps .
tomentosa
Noctophus
schmitti

Oliva .

Ohivellass see

Omophron :
americanum
concinnum
dentatum
gemma
vilee

elimi se

lacustre
nitidum

sie vis

Cie OU MOMeic ye arrestor. 4

Qs Ce Saat WLS

OP CNSOS SOY Te ee

.
ee Oued,
ei Viwh raeeuee
Ce Our tC cy
s fey se

2 8
eo.

302,

. 686, 687,
Sap GSS"

rae

CeO iG

obliteratum....

ovale :
pallidum . .
robustum
solidum
sonore
tesselatum
texanum
Omus
ambiguus

at ie) U eee As wee!

710

PAGE
Omus audouini 289
californicus .... . 289
confluens .*. 289, 291
dejeani sha Paste)
edwardsi . - ahs Se eeey,
elongatus . . 289, 293
hor i 289
Kegvisis Se eee eee 289
lecontei : 289
lugubris. . . 289, 290
montanus 289, 290
punctifrons ..... 289, 291
sculptilis . .-. .*. . 289, 292
sequoiarum ....... 289
submetallicus . . 289
Onliscidiia ey hy cei tee 700
ONISCODESMIDZ E 4
ONISCOMORPHA ...... oS
OPRESINI . . 354, 493
Opresus . . Potala Fowler ds AOOn Oe
atomus .. . . . 495, 496
luteus . 495
mone = 5 2 6 a ae 494, 495
OTHNIIDE - 653
OXYDESMIDZ 4
P#ROMOPIDE 6
PALHOCAMPID 2
IPERS oo wee te Cele s 542
macer set 544
PARADOXOSOMATIDH ..... 5
PARAIULIDE . . 6
Paraseydmus <3 2 ..-2 - 473
IDASSVAGIONE:D) Phe ea te yo 640
Passalusiyee scsbe ks: aches 641
cornutus 648
distinetuS. «. .. 2). 648
Paxillus parvus .... .. . 641, 644
Pemphus Pee he 2S ie oaS
angusticollis . 339
LOWE UPESHP <\ Wa reek ea 339
WNW S Go Bie gee 339
Periplectus F 558
PHATYRRHACHIDA . ppae 5

Photographic plates, permanence
Olen. teat eam eee ermal ye ts . 195
Photographs, stellar . 101
PHYLLACTIDE 182, 186
PHYMANTHID ~ 182
Pilopius (es 617
abruptus 619
cinderella . . . 619, 624
consobrinus . . 619, 625
flonidanus. .))n-5 =) ae 619, 623
georgianus . . 618, 621
granicollis . . . 619, 622
impressipennis . . - 619, 624
1o\ensis . 619, 622
lacustris . 618

General Index.

PAGE

Pilopius ocularis 619
piceus . . 619, 622
pulvereus . 619, 625
saginatus . - . 618, 620
zimmermanni .. . . 619, 624
Pisania 694
PLANAXIDA! . = 20. eee 702
Planaxish) (oie eee 702
Platy.cenusi sacs =a 638
chalybeus ..... 639
marginalis’ \ 202 es meee 639
PLATYDESMIDZ . 3
PLATYDESMOIDEA ...... 3
Platyverres)) 24) ae 641
POLYDESMIDA 2). 22 5
POLYDESMOIDEA 4
Polydesmus ocellatus 68
Polythoa nymphosa . . . 188
Poly tropa as) eee 698
POLY XENDD Ay.) a eee 1
POLY ZONTED A), ee 2
POLYZONOIDEA ........ 2
Proculejoides crassulus . 641, 642
Proculus magister ....... 641
Promecognathus debilis 346
Prophilus . . 3) 2, 4. 0e eae 558
PSELAPHIDA ... 550
Pselaptus belfragei . .... 613
PSEUDONANNOLENIDZ 6
Pseudotremia ‘ 28, 34
carterensis 40
cavernarum . . 36

vudit . 51
Psomophus) (20-5) ee 366
Psomus 667
Ptichopusi) a) sea eee 641
Purpura® ois os Varta eee . . 698
IPycnophus. |.) sae 362, 385
rasus PRP onic) cuchicliy, 405)
Pycnoplectus imperfectus ... 59
tenellus F 502
Pyroxenes, monoclinic . 124
Pyrula +a ed ee ee 701
Ragactis lucida 182
Ranetla =. 699
Reichenbachia ae 586
albionica . . - . 592
arcifer 590, 604
arthritica. . ... . Br iais)\!
articularis. . . 592, 608
atlantica . i 587
binodifer . 592, 608
borealis) sco a) Saas 589, 601
canadensis 587

com par 591
complectens 592
congener . 1 Ve osia
corporalis . . 589, 600

General Index. ely

: PAGE PAGE
Reichenbachia cribricollis . . . 588|SCYDMHNINH...... .. 354
cylindrartus ..... . 587/ScCYDM@NINI ..... . . 354, 469
deformatal, 2)... 24. .' 590)|Scydmenus =. 2°... . 469, 470
GEMNSSA eres Sera ee O90 ONGQUS) 35 ye foes Seek 427
depressifrons ..... 590 HEGURUB 8 os 65 oo. 6 492
gistans= 2. = 2) - 090) 602 aGinas ey cae eee en ae
GUVENSENS ies ole. oe OS | UMSHNS5 os 66 6 8 6. x 456
PACHIISM BREA MR MaS Te. cr Hots ick ONG WOOP S on os a = BHO, BS
fair ete is ee OO COG brevicornis . . . . . . 413, 417
HINUUIUCUSCOIUE ne) en Ot caducus. .... . . 473, 488
hundatas | 0s aa... Ol californicus - .. . . 473, 490
furtiva if lathe epee Bae) capillosulus. . ..... 452
fusciventris 5 5 5 Heh SY clavatus a ie oa 4492
fusticornis ... . . 592, 608 CLAUUDES an i eee OOM ROA’
gemmifer Bie ee OST conjux pier Memento ei 0)
gracilicornis ..- .. 588 COMSODTINUSH eee eee Lo
STACHISH eames tries a) 5) OSS corpusculum. .. . . 473, 488
THEVGTTUE 5 aparece hs gn eee REC Stet! cribrarius ..... 472, 477
HORTA. Gee dn a 6 GOL HS OPTUWS 6 5 5 2 oo 6 5 OS)
inopia aiid OPO 590 QUWASUSD, si ink uate ese aoe
TBO 5 gs 4 4 eo, Bz Oxi s 46) 6 a 6 6 “7ei, 4D
kansana ... . 588, 595 JORDI 5 pg 8 381
litoralis Papas CoO). UCUILONSIS ae eu le ee OA.
nevadensis . Ive ee eet) HOSSUG CTuary een eee eee eG
peregrinator .. . . 589, 599 UONS Gry eo) ooo a Airey held
WOlita ss esettkee 592 FULTS sr Napoan 7 fs resi ropartonee 448
procera) 22s). = » 990,603 GEOCTUIS aia re olevarye a 360
PLOPING Uae ree ae O92 gravidus amen Sore . 546
pUNciCOlISe eke = OSD KGIAUIOS 5 eGo 6 6 8 2 ABD
mubicunda = Sf .242 . oC LOGCONIECU eee as rat 370
SACO xe pee emit vo ner) OOM TLOGUSLCT: «ant Nee nea - 403
SCabran wren: tyes Pee OSS ANALG See co Serse ayeale 547
Semirugosa .... . 588 THM S G5 6 5 5 5 4H, Bay
sodalis). .... . . 589, 598 MISCILUS wae. halen ewe ee
Spatuliter sso) 29) 0921609 mississippicus. . . . . 546
Subtilisi es ys aes O92 oObscunellUs eee 546
Subsimilisiy)- 0s) 2) specu O04 Ovipennis.. ... . . 473, 440
taphrocera . . . . 590, 605 ONALMOKAXG ewe ee 547
(HUNMMOE Ys Glee eo 592 JTAOUNCUS 6 5 ss - . . 473, 482
tumidicornis uf a OIL perforatus .. .. . . 472, 474
OUTDOOR 6 & io 6 6 a DH) FUDDCONIS ¢ 8 gs 5 5 ee BOY
turgidicornis ... . 491, 607 pubipennis.. .. . . 473, 486
ursina ee re OCS MOOG puncticeps. . . 472, 479
wickhami Sigaies de OOS, pyramidalis .... . 439
VATCOSOMAME Eee ee aan eae OS ASUS ee tce ee POCO OF
]RECODACHINDAD 54g) 5G 19 oss, Ie SCUOPGUOP Voce eo be Oo BAD
Rhodocanthopus. ....... 641 SOMUINTOD oo ac 5 « 403
icondeapilordanes =). 205. + 188 Sculpticeps) = 0) a 4725 479
Rimor munitus. ... . . . 641, 643 Sparsus 27.02.92 = 2 473,48
subpunctatus. . . . . 473, 483

SAGARA sy Gee a «15 LST 182 tristis tr BUA TOMO
Scape lllay ayers tes Wen lee a diss 692 turbatus. . . .. . . 472, 478
SCOPOPMUS tees. i. A HRN AOD ventriculus .. . . 473, 487
SEOheLMesen eee. oA . -: .. 2S, Oo) | OLbinia Ochreosay. 1 ee O08
Lolimond eee ie) ea) eG) Simplona eae se a Popes OOO Ol
CODES mes yal 20 xh ctieeh hal OO ariZonicay es OG
DERG 5 5 56 8 a Boa) 6 OD) SMPSONOCINNADMOND 55 5 5 6 5 3
MyM = 6 5 Boe 5 6 5 (Ce) | SIGPIEKOOIINaeOMDIBAY 3
SOMDNUSINTID s 495 5 epee eo GUT SaeONG mono Ay 596 4 6 8 f 6

712

SIPHONOIULOIDEA .
SIPHONOPHORID®
SIPHONOTIDA .
Smicrophus Lebet
evanescens. ... .
leviceps .
Sognorus :
Saranus imbellis ;
Sosylus extensus
SPIROBOLID#
SPIROROLOIDEA | ,
Spirostrephon cexesioannulatus .
cavernarum
copet
SPIROSTREPTID&
SPIROSTREPTOIDEA
STAPHYLINIDA . j
STEMMATOIULIDZ...
STEMMATOIULUIDEA .
STICHODACTYLINE
STRIARIID@
STROMBIDE...
Strombus Cas
STRONGYLOSOMATID® 5
STYLODESMIDZ .
Syn hytodes
Systenocerus .

TACHYGONINI. .
Tachygonus . .
centralis
fulvipes. .
gracilipes .
lecontei .
rhombus. .
spinipes .
tardipes. .
Taphroscydmus .
TRACHYSTREPTIDE ..
‘Trichochrous F
Trichopetalum .
album
bolimani. .
cornutum .
flavidum
tuloides .
lunatum :
ocellatum. .
unecum .
Trichophya. .
lativentris
pilicornis .
tarsalis -
Trimiomelba .
convexula .
dubia. .
leevis .
Trimioplectus
Trimiopsis. .

me Ronee UR, —.

General Index.

'. 362, 467
. 467,

468
467

Nene aCe
. 641, 645
633 |

@
a

43
36

. . 55, 60

5}

= 049

. 558, 563

564
564
564

. . 558, 572
_ 557, 560 |

Trimium

Triton

Tritonidea

TRITONIIDA. .

Tritonium

TROCHIDA .

TYCHIINI. .

Tychius inermis .
suleatulus. .
transversus

Tychus hexagonus .
pocahontas

TYRINI .

Tyrus.
carinifer .
compar .
consimilis .
corticinus .
humeralis .
semiruber .

Underwoodia.. .
iuloides .
polygama .

Veraphis. .
capitata
Cavicornis . .
colon
cristata . .
impressa . .
longula .
scitula .

VERMETID®

Vermicularia

Verres cavilabris .
vernicatus .

Vitularia

Voluta

VOLUTIDE

Xestophus

| XYLOIULIDE .

XYLOIULOIDEA .
XYSTODESMIDA. .

ZEPHRONIID® .

ZEPHRONIODESMID .
| ZEPHRONIOIDEA .

ZOANTHES .

| Zoanthus nympheus .
tuberculatus . .

Zolium
Zygomicrus ..
Zygonopus .
whitei
ZYGOPINI. . .
ZLygops .

. 858, 563

. . 627, 629

", 627,

PAGE

699
695
699
699
703
664
664
664
665
616
615
625
627
628
627

627
627

. 627, 629

. 28, 79
' 3188
80

. . 507, 509

510, 512
. 510, 511

. . 510, 514

510, 514
. « SLO SE

510, 511

. . 510, 513

702
702

. 641, 647

. . 641, 646

698

"691, 692

691

365

Ol Oo CO

ANNALS.

OF THE

EMY OF SCIENCES, | |

EW YORK ACAD

LATE

LYCEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.

_ PUBLISHED BY THE ACADEMY.

(1896.

OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY,
1896-91. |

Aresident.
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Committee of Publication.

Wek RES J. F. KEMP, ee
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THOS. L. CASEY (Eprror or ANNALS). —

January, 1897. Nos. 4 and 5.

ANNALS

OF THE

y)

2 NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

LATE

LYCEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.

Heo Pork:
PUBLISHED BY THE ACADEMY.
1897.

OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY,
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Arestdent,
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Recording Secretary.
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- Gommittee of Publication.

J. K. REES, J. F. KEMP, ~

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D. 8. MARTIN, - WILLIAM HALLOOF

THOS. L. CASEY (Horror or Annats).

*
¢ = . 7
~~

_ Nos. 6-12.
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i

August, 1897.

ANNALS |

Heo Pork:
PUBLISHED BY THE ACADEMY.
1897.

OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY
1891-98.

. | President. See
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Corresponding Secretary. Sea
WILLIAM HALLOCK. ee

: Recording Secretary. :
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- Creasurer. : a
ieee CHAS. F. COX: |< 3 oe
Ags Gommittee of Publication, 8
J. K. REES, “J. F. KEMP,
H. F. OSBORN, __N. L. BRITTON,
‘Dp. 8. MARTIN, WILLIAM HALL

THOS. L. CASEY (Eprror or ANNALS).

LYCEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.

VOLUME 1X. (INDEX.)

NEW YORK: 2
PUBLISHED BY THE ACADEMY.
1898.

Sail

RT RM see eT Ne

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OR IREE 1?

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CONTENTS.

1 Notices, VII.

By THos. L. CASEY .

—Coleopterologica

VI

—On the Modification of the Apex

VII

.

FRANK COLLINS BAKER .

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