ey eet,

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=

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: A AS oh v

HL \ 6p renter) RW
————— ASL

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ore

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—

.

ANNALS

OF THE

NEW York ACADEMY OF SCIENCES,

LATE

LYCEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.

VOLUME VIII. (INDEX.)

NEW YORK: ;
PUBLISHED BY THE ACADEMY.
1896.

ANNALS

ANNALS

OF THE

New York ACADEMY OF SCIENCES,

LYCEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.

VOLUME VIII.

1893-1895.

NEW YORK:
PUBLISHED BY THE ACADEMY.

f ‘ > af .
ee ‘. 2

\ so" :
R + iid » Pe). i
7 Lyf 4 zl ‘ eee 7 ri ; i

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{4 An : i HN waar

hE GR ane
: ® F Ao teode

’ m4

OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY.
1895.

PRESIDENT.
J. K. REES.

VICE-PRESIDENIS.
H. F. OSBORN, J. J. STEVENSON.

CORRESPONDING SECRETARY.
D. S. MARTIN.

RECORDING SECRETARY.
J. F. KEMP.

TREASURER.
CHAS. KF, COX:

PUBLICATION COMMITTEE.

J. K. BEES, J. F. KEMP,
H. F. OSBORN, N. L. BRITTON,
D. 8S. MARTIN, WM. HALLOCK.

THOS. L. CASEY, Editor of Annals.

Art.

Art.

Art.

Art.

Art.
Art.

Art.

Art.

Art.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME VU.

BY NATHAN BANKS.
XIV.—The Arachnida of Colorado.

BY THOS. L. CASEY.
XV.—Coleopterological Notices, VI.

BY O. F. COOK AND G. N. COLLINS.

II.—The Myriapoda Collected by the United States Eclipse Expedi-
tion to West Africa, 1889 and 1890. : : : ;

. VIII.—A Monograph of Scytonotus.

BY HENRY E. CRAMPTON, JR.

. V.—Reversal of Cleavage in a Sinistral Gasteropod.

BY HERMAN S. DAVIS.

. XI.—The Parallax of 7 Cassiopeix, deduced from Rutherfurd Pho-

tographic Measures.
XIII.—The Rutherfurd BRaaverapiie Menenres of Piece Stars
about 7 Cassiopeiz. : - : : 3

BY HARRISON G. DYAR.

VII.—A Classification of Lepidopterous Larvee.
XII.—On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City.

BY HARWOOD HUNTINGTON.
ViI.—Certain New Derivatives in the Aromatic Series.

BY HAROLD JACOBY.

I.—The Parallaxes of “ and 6 Cassiopeize, deduced from Rutherfurd
Photographic Measures.

BY ALEXIS A. JULIEN.
IV.—A Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder.

PAGE.

417

435

R=

M 0
We

167

301

OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY.
1893.

President,
H. CARRINGTON BOLTON.

Vice-Presidents,
J. A. ALLEN, HENRY F. OSBORN.

Corresponding Secretary.
THOMAS L. CASEY.
Decoding Hecretarp.

N. L. BRITTON,

Treasurer.
CHAS. F. COX.

Committee of Publication.

J. A. ALLEN, N. L. BRITTON,
HAROLD JACOBY, H. F. OSBORN.
THOS. L. CASEY (Eprror).

ANNALS

OF THE

NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCKS,

VOLUME VIII.

I.— The Parallaxes of w and 6 Cassiopeiz, deduced from
Rutherfurd Photographic Measures.

BY HAROLD JACOBY.

Read Jan. 9, 1893.

-Tre RurverrurD photographic measures of the stars surround-
ing » Cassiopeie are derived from twenty-eight negatives made
between 1870 July, and 1873 December. These observations were
taken in accordance with RurHERFURD’s regular plan for securing
accurate micrometric measures of star clusters: but in order to
combine therewith a determination of parallax, the observations
were all made in the months of July, January, and December.
There are two impressions upon each negative. A discussion of
all the micrometric measures of some fifty-six stars will be published
later, the present paper containing those measures only that have
been selected for the parallax determination. I have set down in
table I. (p. 12) the dates and other details of the several exposures,
so far as they are connected with the present purpose. The sidereal
time given is the mean of the four instants marking the beginning
and ending of the two exposures. The second exposure always
began a few seconds after the ending of the first, and the duration
of each was six minutes.

Table II. (p. 13) gives a list of the comparison stars employed.
The pair g, h, will not furnish a suitable parallax factor in distance,
Annats N. Y. Acap. Scr., VIII, March, 1893.—1

2 Rutherfurd Photographic Measures.

but it has been included to secure evidence as to possible variation of
scale value with position angle. It is perhaps necessary to remark
that I have preferred to base the study of parallax upon measures
of distance only. The original plan did not include the pair e, d;
but the observations of the pair c, 6, having produced a discordant
result, the pair c, d, was also computed. From this discordance it
has been possible to obtain a value for the parallax of @ Cassiopeie,
a result not anticipated when the reduction of the observations was
begun. It is for this reason that the star ¢ appears twice in table
JI. The method of computation is the one commonly employed.
The two stars of each pair were selected so as to differ approxi-
mately 180° in position angle with respect to « Cassiopeiz. The
scale value was then determined for each pair, on each plate, so as
to make the sum of the distances from wu constant. The difference
of the same distances was then taken as the quantity from whose
variation the parallax should appear. This method gives the excess
of the parallax of the principal star over the mean of the parallaxes
of the two comparison stars.*

Every observation of distance contained in the RUTHERFURD
observation books has been used, the treatment of the observational
data being as follows: First, means were taken of the separate
pointings of the microscope, each measure of distance depending
upon ten independent pointings on » Cassiopeiz, and ten on the
comparison star. The distances thus obtained from the two sepa-
rate impressions were combined into a single mean depending alto-
gether on 40 pointings, and this mean was then considered as one
complete measure. The distances thus obtained are expressed in
divisions of the glass scale of the measuring micrometer, one such
division being approximately equal to 28”.o1. The same unit of
measure has generally been employed throughout all the subse-
quent calculations. The following corrections were then applied :—

1. Correction for division errors. These were taken from the table
of corrections determined by Rogers.

* This is of course not strictly true unless the two comparison stars are
equidistant from the principal star,—a condition which should always be
approximately satisfied. Nor is it possible to deduce the parallax of the
principal star with respect to each comparison star separately, since the
parallaxes of both comparison stars will always influence the result through
the scale value determination.

+ Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., vol. vi, p. 250.

Parallaxes of w and 6 Cassiopeiz. 3

2. The ‘“‘tangent correction,” due to the photograph being taken
on a plane surface. This correction is derived from table
IV. A, given in my paper on the RuruerrurD photographic
measures of the stars about 6p Cygni.*

. Correction for refraction, computed according to the method
given in my paper on the Pleiades. Whenever necessary,
the higher terms of the refraction were approximately taken
into account.

Ge

4. Correction for aberration, computed according to the customary
Besselian formule.

5. Correction for the proper motion of » Cassiopei. The obser-
vations have been reduced to the epoch 1872.0, using Auwers’
proper motion, which is:

Aa = + 0°.3860 Ad = — 1.580,

corresponding to a motion of 3”.729 upon a great circle whose
- position angle is 115° 4’. Now, in general, if we let:
p = the annual proper motion of the principal star on a great
circle,
x = the position angle of that great circle at the time ¢,,
¢ = the time of observation, expressed in years and fractions
of a year. And put:

bene.
5S, = cos (zy — p)

|

I
S = ~—— — sin? — |
2 28 (x P)
Pigs
iP ae zp?

then we must add to the observed distances the correction :
oe roe a + pH cep

The values of S,, S,, P,, and P, used in the present paper are
given in table III. (p. 13), the unit of measure for p being one
division of the glass scale, as already explained. The distances
thus completely corrected, are set down in the second and third
columns of table IV. (p. 15). The fourth and fifth columns of the

same table contain the swm of the distances of the two comparison

* Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., vol. vi, p. 340. t Ibid., pp. 253, et seq.
¢ Astron. Untersuch., vol. i, p. 202, et seq.

4 Rutherfurd Photographic Measures.

stars from » Cassiopeie, and the difference of that sum from an
adopted mean given at the foot of the fourth column. In the sixth,
seventh, and eighth column are placed the difference of the dis-
tances as given in the second and third columns; the scale correc-
tion, which is simply a proportional part of the quantity given
in the column ‘‘mean minus sum”; and finally the corrected differ-
ence, to be used in forming the parallax equations. The latter
equations, together with their solutions, are to be found in table V.
(p. 20); and with regard to them I have only to remark that the
absolute terms are expressed in units of the second decimal place,
equivalent to o”.2801. The parallax coefficients in the observation
equations of table V. are computed by the customary formulx, as
follows :—

Let a, 5, be the coordinates of » Cassiopeie for 1872.
r, ©, be the radius vector, and longitude of the sun;
and compute—

g sinG —sin 6 cosa, sin H=sin sina, fsin Ff —hsin(H + e)
gcosG =sina, heos H=—cos8, fcos Ff =—cosacose

then if we put:

S,= fsin(p+F)

S,= gsin(p+G)
P, = — r sin ©
P,= — r cos ©

the parallax coefficient for any one of the equations will be:
(S, — 8,’) Bs =i (oo Sy) 1a
where S,’ and 8S,’ refer to the second comparison star of the pair.

The corresponding coefficient for the swm of the distances of the
two comparison stars of any pair is

(S, rin S,’) P, =| (S, =r S,) P,,

which I have found sufficiently small to be negligible for all the
pairs used in the present research.

The values of S,, S,, P,, P,, are found in table III. (p. 13).

Before proceeding to discuss the parallax results, as obtained in
table V., attention should be called to table IV. A, which throws
some light on the question of variation of scale value. The first
five columns of this table give for each plate, and for each pair of
stars, that fraction of ‘‘mean minus sum,” from table IV., which

Parallaxes of w and 6 Cassiopeie. 5

corresponds to a distance of roo divisions of the seale. It will be
seen that this quantity is a measure of the discordance between the
scale value for each plate, and the mean scale value for ail the plates.
Now, by placing these discordauces, as derived from pairs of stars
differing widely in position angle, side by side, we can at once see
whether the scale value varies with position angle, or is really a
constant for any given plate. To make this comparison quite
rigorous, the adopted mean, from which the quantity ‘‘mean minus
sum” is derived in table IV., ought to be computed from the mea-
sures of those plates only, that have impressions of all the stars.
Accordingly the ‘‘adopted means” of table IV. are computed from
the measures of plates

a AI 47 aid
a2 42 48 58
33 43 49 ae
34 46 50 60

Except in the case of the pair c, d, which was subsequently added,
as already explained. In this case I have used the actual mean of
all the values given in table IV., a circumstance which will not
materially affect the evidence furnished by this pair of stars. The
pair c, 9 has not been used, since the parallax of 9 would tend to
render its evidence unreliable. Two things become plain from an
inspection of the table. In the first place, there is no decisive evi-
dence of great variations of scale value with position angle. In
fact, if we regard as casual the differences from the mean values
contained in the sixth column, we find as the average difference
without regard to sign, +-0.0050. This would correspond to about
o”.05 per 1000”: but it is hardly greater than the necessary uncer-
tainty of observation. In the second place, we see that the scale
value depends upon temperature. This latter circumstance, it is
almost needless to remark, does not influence the parallax determi-
nation, though it will be of importance in the general discussion of
all the micrometric measures.

It will therefore be of interest to examine the evidence a little
more in detail. In doing this, I have taken into consideration the
readings of the focal micrometer, as. set down in table I. One
revolution of this micrometer is equivalent to 0.05 inches, and the
arrangement is such that increasing readings of the micrometer

6 Rutherfurd Photographic Measures.

correspond to increasing focal length of the telescope. ‘To calculate
the focal length, we have the following :

Linear scale value* = 0.020859 inches.
Mean angular scale valuet — 28”.0124
from which:
Focal length = 153.59 inches.
Now putting:
J = reading of the focal micrometer for any given plate,

I find from the above focal length and pitch of the micrometer
screw that the numbers given in table 1V. A require an additional
correction of:
+-0.0325 (f — 7.86)
to reduce them to the mean focal reading (7.86). Accordingly, this
correction has been applied to the means in the sixth column, thus
obtaining the corrected means of the seventh column. From these
latter it is possible to discuss the effect of temperature, indepen-
dently of the focal readings, provided we assume that the zero
point of the scale attached to the focal micrometer always retained
exactly the same distance from the optical centre of the lens, except
as influenced by changes of temperature. Now this assumption
can hardly be regarded as altogether justified @ priori in the case
of the Rurnerrurd telescope. I have therefore made two separate
least square adjustments of the quantities given in the columns
mean and mean corrected.
Representing these quantities by equations of the form:

z+ y (¢— 4%)

where ¢ is the observed temperature for any plate, and ¢, the mean
temperature, I find:

Column mean — — .0027 + .00063 — .000372 (¢ — 58°.4)
=E .000029

Column mean corr’d == — .0027 = .00057 — .000424 (¢ — 58°.4)
=E .000027

The attached probable errors show that the observations are
represented better if we take the readings of the focal micrometer
into account. This would seem to justify the assumption of con-

* Rogers’ determination, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., vol. vi, p. 249.
| The Pleiades result, ibid., p. 270.

Parallaxes of w and @ Cassiopeiez. 7

stancy in the focal zero point; and I shall therefore adopt the tem-
perature coefficient from the second solution, viz:

— 0.000424 =E 0.000027

This coefficient holds good for a distance of roo divisions of the
scale. For one division of the scale it will be:

— 0100000424 + 0.00000027, or — o0”.000119 + 0”.000008 .

The evidence as to the reality of this temperature coefficient seems
. to be very strong, notwithstanding that the scale values obtained
for the Pleiades plates* did not appear to vary with temperature.
In the light of the present evidence we may perhaps be justified in
ascribing this to the comparatively small changes of temperature
throughout the Pleiades series, and to the fact that the last two
Pleiades plates furnish a very discordant scale value, which tends
to conceal the smaller temperature effects. No satisfactory explana-
tion of this latter circumstance suggests itself, unless we assume
that the glass scale had been removed temporarily from the measur-
ing machine; and that when replaced, it made a small angle with
its former position. It seems best, therefore, to disregard the last
two Pleiades plates in deducing a definitive scale value. If we
do this, the Pleiades series give for the mean scale value 287.0138,
corresponding to a mean temperature of the telescope 41°.6, and a
mean focal reading 7.88. For a plate having any other tempera-
ture (¢) and focal reading (f/f), we ought therefore to use a scale
value computed by the following formula:

Scale value = 28/.0138 — 0//.0099 ( f — 7.88) — 0//.000119 (t — 41.6) (a)

On the other hand, if we prefer to retain the scale values from
the last two Pleiades plates, we should have:

Scale value = 28//.0124 — 0//.0090 (f — 7.87) — 0'/.00G119 (f — 40.3) (bd)

The following table shows how these two formule represent the
observed Pleiades seale values. The numbers in the fourth column
are means from the two impressions on the plate.

* Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., vol. vi, p. 271.

8 Rutherfurd Photographic Measures.

Computed Seale Val. Residuals, (— 0.
Focus. | Telese.| Observed

| Temp. | Seale Val. |

| | Form. (a). | Form. (5). | Form. (a). | Form. (b).

28.01 27
.O127

28.0168 28.0144
-O151 .O144
-O118

.O118
.O112

-0122 -0135
.O118 .O135
-O122 -0129
.0148 .0143 .0126
20122 .O143 .0126
20070 || 20140) Ieee 0132
.0066 -O149 .0132 | +.0083 | -+-.0066
{

|
|
-O144 -0135 | .0137
|
|
|
|
|
|

SNS ST ST SIS CONT NS
COMM OoonsINT OO
Munuiuitin © Oo

The residuals are not quite satisfactory. I have therefore discussed
the Pleiades scale values by means of formula (a), omitting the
discordant plates 24 and 25, and find the temperature coefficient :

— 0.000230 + 0”.000040.

It is further to be remarked, that the residuals from formula (a) are
somewhat less than we should get if we left the temperature and
focal reading altogether out of consideration.

To complete this part of the subject, it is necessary to examine
the evidence of the 8 Cygni plates.* For this purpose I selected
from the RurHerrurD ps Cygni list four pairs of stars, suitably
distributed in position angle. Treating the data exactly as already
described for the » Cassiopeiz plates, gives the temperature coeffi-
cient:

— 0%.00000696 + 04.00000167, or — 0”.000195 + 0.000047.

The low weight of this result, like that from the Pleiades series,
is of course due to the small number of plates used, and to the
comparatively slight range of temperature. Assembling the three
values obtained, we have for the temperature coefficient :

pm Cassiopeie. 95 « 29 0.0001 EOS 9.000008
pCygni . : .%* » —O00010n = a Gece,
Pleiades . . . . . — 0.000230 + 0.000040
Mean by weight . . — 0.000125 + 0.000008

The evidence of the 6 Cygni and Pleiades plates practically does
not change the result from the » Cassiopeie plates. I am therefore

* Ann. N. Y. Acad. of Sci., vol. vi, pp. 331, et seq.

Parallares of » and 6 Cassiopete. 9

inclined to regard (a) as the best scale value formula deducible from
the evidence made available up to the present time. In the case
of the 8 Cygni plates, whose mean focal reading is 7.68, and mean
temperature 68°.0, this formula gives 28”.0125, which agrees almost
exactly with the scale value (28.0124) actually employed in the
sg Cygni reductions.

Returning now to the results arising from the solution of the
equations in table V. (p. 20) we find the following values for z,
the parallax, and y, the correction of the annual proper motion
effect. The quantity x, which is merely the error of the value
arbitrarily assumed for the “‘corrected difference,” is here omitted.

Prob. error

Comp. Stars. w y one equation.*
aandb + 0.249 = 0.045 — 0.153 =f 0.051 as 0.25 I
candd -+0.266+0.035 +0.127+0.052 0.222
eandf -+0.324+0.050 —o0.136+0.056 +0.196
eandge -+o0.151 0.026 —o0122+0.041 40.190

It will be seen at once that the values of w deduced from the first
three pairs agree with each other fully as well as might be expected
from their probable errors. The parallax depending on ¢ and 6, on
the other hand, differs widely. We may conclude that this is due
to the existence of a sensible parallax belonging to 6. If we then
depend upon the first three pairs for the parallax of » we shall have,
taking the mean by weight:

Parallax of » Cassiopeie — + 0”.275 + 0”.024.

But if we consider the three determinations as having equal weight,
we get for the arithmetical mean, and probable error from the three
residuals, 7 = + 0.280 + 0”.026. Nowif we admit the existence
of a sensible parallax for 6, the result obtained above from the com-
parison stars ¢c and @ is not the parallax of », but a quantity which
is very nearly equal to:

SS

t,—in (2 )

where: 7, and 7, are the parallaxes of w and 9,

s, and g, are the distances of ¢ and 6 from uw.

* This is the probable error of the difference of two distances as measured
on one plate. But as there are two impressions on each plate, it may also be
regarded as the probable error of one complete measure of distance from a
single impression.

10 Rutherfurd Photographic Measures.
We therefore have the equation :
Sfigeeh

8. + 8,

+0".275 (b0".024) 4, (1 — )= 4 0.151 (4 0".026)

a solution of which gives:

Parallax of 9 Cassiopeia — + 07.232 + 07.067.

This result may be regarded as confirmatory of that of Bessen, who
found for » the parallax — o”.12 + 0”.29, by the method of differ-
ences of right ascension, using @ as his comparison star. Possibly
a re-reduction of BrssEL’s observations, using the best value of the
proper motion, might alter his final conclusion: as it stands, it
seems to indicate at least an approximate equality between the
parallaxes of » and @.

From the values of y obtained in the solution of the normal.
equations I have deduced corrections for the AUwerrs-BRADLEY
proper motion of w, on the assumption that the comparison stars
(except 9) have no proper motions of their own. If we let p and x
have the same meaning as before, and put:

w = the correction required by the adopted value of p cos x
a ce ce iad ce p sin x
Then each pair of comparison stars furnishes an equation of the
form :

(cos p — cos p’) w + (sin p— sin p’) v—y =o
where p and p’ are the position angles of the two stars. The equa-
tions so obtained are:

Starsaandb —1 8000w —o0.8460v + 0.1534 —o0
candd -+ 0.0293 w — 1.9976 v — 0.1267 =o
eandf + 0.7563 w—1.8116v + 0.1360 =o

from which the normal equations are :
+ 3.8128 w + 0.2112 v — 0.1770 = 0
+ 7.9880 v — 0.6292 =o
and the solution is
w= + 0.0421 + 0.0147
== (0.0777 s= 0.0502
the probable error of one equation being + 07.0287. Applying
these corrections to the values previously assumed, I get:

Corrected p sin y = + 3.457 Corrected p cos xy = — 17.538

Parallaxes of w and 6 Cassiopete. 11

corresponding to a motion of 3.784 upon a great circle whose
position angle is 113° 59’. The following are therefore the several
values of the proper motion, to be compared with each other:

p 7x ha ad

As justobtained . .. . 3.784 113 59 + 0.3950 — 1.538
AuweErs’-BraD. (1810), as ised

in the present paper . . 2.7720 115 4 + 0.3860 — 1.580

Auwers’-Brap., reduced to ce 3.729 II5 13 + 0.3854 — 1.589

When we compare the parallax of w Cassiopeiz derived in the
present paper, with the work of other observatories, we find large
discordances. Thus the Oxford photographic result is only about
0” 036 + 0”.018, while the RuTHERFURD plates give 0.249 + 0.045
from the same pair of comparison stars. On the other hand, Srruvr
has obtained o”.251 + 0”.075 from distance measures, and from
position angles 0”.425 + o”.072. It is therefore plain that the
photographic method of determining parallaxes cannot be regarded
as free from systematic error. An examination of the equations of
table V. shows that negative parallax coefficients invariably occur
in the case of plates exposed at eastern hour angles. This circum-
stance, which arises from the inconvenience of observing after mid-
night, may possibly produce systematic error. But the evidence
of the scale value table (IV. A) is against this supposition, as is
also the approximate equality of the parallaxes obtained from pairs
of comparison stars having widely different distances from up.

In conclusion, the results here deduced may be summed up as
follows :—

Parallax of » Cassiopeiz 0.275 + 0.024
Parallax of 9 Cassiopeie O.232 + 0.067

But the above probable errors must not be taken as reliable esti-
mates of uncertainty, since a comparison with the work of other
astronomers seems to indicate the possibility of systematic error.
But if we are willing to accept the above results, it is perhaps
allowable to speculate upon w and @ Cassiopeiz as a system re-
motely resembling that of 61 Cygni. The indication of equality
of parallaxes furnished by Berssev’s observations, and the slight
evidence of variation in the proper motion of w Cassiopeiz obtained
from the equations on p. 10, would almost seem to favor such an
idea. :

12 Rutherfurd Photographic Measures.

TABLE I.—GENERAL DATA,
OBSERVATORY OF L. M. RurHErrurD, NEw York.

Lat. = 40° 43! 48.5, Long. = 4» 55™ 568.62 W.

Zen. | Parall. | Ext.

ud eneal | Hour Angle. Dist Angle. | Temp

Date. Time,

1870 July 23 | 208 47™458| 19h 47™ 508 |
1870 July 23 | 21 56 20 56 49
1870 July 30 | 20 15 29
1870 July 30 A2y 3k 3 49
£871 July 10 39 52

ala
19
44
42
14

ty
fe}

1871 July to |
1871 July 23
1872 Jan. 2 |
ie diehily
1872 Jan. 5

Oo

WAM Oo
WOOO 40 WOUONN

0 mOMm ow
SS et OO a a a NLS ee

yup

iS)

16
6
22 |
56
6 46

1872 July 19
1872 July 19
1872 July 20
1872 July 20
1873 Jan. 6 |

NwNN

—

wn

Nw ON Nv
OO MO C
Go 02 Om
ove dN bw
SIN NT SIT IT

wo
_

1873 Jan. 9
1873 Jan. 9
1873 Jan. Io |
1873 July 15
1873 July 21 |

42
16
16

56
6

(FE) OS AS as}
ee |

Onn

iS}
~
bmw NN WH CO

to
°

1873 July 21
1873 July 23 |
1873 July 23
1873 July 23
1873 Dec. 18 |

RN eh

Gon Be OO
anon meat

1873 Dec. 18
1873 Dec. 21
1873 Dec. 21 |

0S % MUU MUISLHSHO BSHOSLLS

De ie ie an Ie is iS IS OS OS

+108.61

Parallaxes of » and 6 Casstopeiz. 13

TABLE IJ —COMPARISON STARS.

Approx. Position, Referred to % Cass.

Designation No. in
of Comp. A. G. Cat. |
Star. Cambr. U.S. 3 Distance. Pos. Ang.

517 | ; 762!! 14!
509 ; |
485

527
490

519
496

485
541

TABLE IIJ.—PrRoperR Motion AND PARALLAX.

See pages 3 and 4.

Proper Motion, Parallax.
Star. i om) Cee 7 pee" p , : i
Sy So. Ss Si
a +0.107 —o.o18 —0.493 +o. 804
b +o. 104 —o0.OI10 +o.328 —o.826
c —0.919 | —0,.00I 0.3883 | —0. 233
d +0.878 | —0.00I —o.886 +0. 305
e +0.989 0.000 —0.714 —=Q1220
ii —0.973 0.000 +0.859 —0.094
g +o. 587 —0.003 —o.128 —0.722
h —0.705 —0.002 Lo. 364 +o.604
6 0.716 | ~-0.003 —o.849 Lo. 502

(Continued on the next page.)

14

Rutherfurd Photographic Measures.

TaBieE III. (continued).—PRopER Motion AND PARALLAX.

Proper Motion.

Plate
No. t— 1872.0
Py.
31 —1I.440 —0.1917
32 —1.440 —0.1917
33 —1.420 —o.1891
34 —1.420 —O.1891
36 —o.476 —0.0634
37 —0o.476 —0.0634
38 —0.440 —0.0586
40 0.006 —+0.0008
41 +-0.006 +0.0008
42 +0.013 +0.0017
43 +0.551 +0.0734
44 +0.551 0.0734
45 +0.554 +0.0738
46 +0.554 +0.0738
47 +1.019 +0.1356
48 +1.027 +0.1367
49 +1.027 +0. 1367
50 + 1.029 0.1370
51 +1.539 +o 2049
52 +1.556 +o. 2072
53 +1.556 +0.2072
54 +1.561 +o.2078
55 +1.561 +0.2078
56 +1.561 +0.2078
57 +1.966 +0.2618
58 +1.966 +0.2618
59 +1.974 +o. 2628
69 +1.974 +o.2628

Parallax.

Pr.

—o.872
—o.871
—0.505
—0.805
—0.965

—0.965
—o.894
+0.962
+0.962
+0.951

—0.90I
—0.900
—0.893
—0.892
0.942

+0.926
0.925
+0.920
—0.932
—o.886

—o.886
—o.870
—o.870
—0o.869
+0.983

0.983
0.984
+0.984

Parallazxes of » and 9 Cassiopeie. 15

TABLE I1V.—OBSERVATIONAL Data.

COMPARISON STARS @ AND 0.

Distance. | | |
Plate | Sum. Mean | Difference. Corrected
No. | b6-+a, |MinusSum.| b—a. | Scale Corr.| Difference.
Star a. Star b. |

—}———|—— |
31. | 27.1737 | 48.5528 | 75.7265 | —.0031 | 21.3791 | —.0009 | 21.3782
32 1789 | .5588 | .7377 | —-0143 | 3799 | —-.0040 | -3759
33 .1684 .5604 | .7288 | —.0054 | .3920 | —.OOI5 -3905
34 Syl -5548 | .7265 | —.0031 | .3831 | —.0009 . 3822
36 .1770 .5562 | .7332 | —.0098 | _ .3792 | —.0028 3764
Bele Or -5017 | .7378 | —.c144 -3856 | —.O004I 3815
Bor) 1782 .5669 | .7381 | —.0147 | .3957 | — 004! 3916
40 1898 | .5277 -7175, | +-0059 | .3379 | +.0017 - 3396
41 .1909 SBSHS .7222 | +.0012 | .3404 | +.0003 3407
42 1742 | .5485 | .7227 | 4.0007 | .3743 | +.0002 | .3745
43 .1667 -5547 | +7214 | 4.0020 | .3880 | +.0006 3886
45 .1658 -5579 | +7237 | —.0003 | .3921 | —.0001 3920
46 .1710 5645 \eejea55 || = ONZE | -3935 | —-0034 3901
47 -1795 | -5336.) -7131 | 4.0103 | 3541 | --.002 -3570
48 -1813 .5269 | .7082 | +.0152 -3456 | +.0043 -3499
49 .1821 5464 | .7285 | —.0051 -3043 | —.O014 3629
Foul) e758 -5416 .7174 | +.0060 | .3658 | +.0017 3675
51 aL7 OD 5614 | .7315 | —.0081 | .3913 | —.002 3890
52 | .1749 -5600 | .7349 | —.O115 | .3851 | —.0032 .3819
Tg} | wai tere) -5474 | 7303 | —.0069 | .3645 | —.o019 3626
Bi | 8077 .5488 | .7165 | +.0069 .3811 | +.0019 - 3830
58 .1626 isgro!| | c7145) | -t.e08e)|| 9.38637) 1.002 3918
59 1661 .5031 | .7292 | —.0058 | .3970 | —.0016 3954
60 .1693 .5569 | .7262 | —.0928 | .3876 | —.0008 3868

Adopted mean 75.7234 Assumed value 21.3800

16 Rutherfurd Photographic Measures.

TABLE IV.—OBSERVATIONAL DATA.

COMPARISON STARS ¢ AND d.

Distance.

_|| Sum. Mean Difference.

Stare. | Star d.

d+e. Minus Sum.) d—e. Seale Corr.

Corrected
Difference.
|

60.9758 | 87.2109 [148.1867 | 26.2351 | —.0039
O72 a|2020 .1738 .2314 | —.0016
-9859 | .1947 .1806 | .2088 | —.0028
-9747 | .2106 -1853 .2359 | —.0036
-9745 | .1943 .1688 .2198 | —.0007
.9421 -2035 .1456 | .2614 | +.0034
9594-2009 1603 .2415 | +-.0008
SOS26 i LOO8 .1816 .2170 | —.0030
.9816 -1944 .1760 .2128 | —.0020
-9436 | .2063 .1499 | .2627 | +.0026
9381 .1927 .1308 | +. .2546 | +.0060

AO LOM) | -Lo7O .1589 -2151 | +.0010
.9773 .2060 -1833 | .2287 | —.0033
.9630 -1984 .1614 -2354 | +.0006
-9538 | .1907 -1445 | .2369 | +.0036
.9071 .1886 SUSI) .2215 | +.0016

Adopted mean 148.1647 Assumed value 26,2300

TABLE I1V.—OBSERVATIONAL DATA.
CoMPARISON STARS € AND f.

Distance. z
Sum. Mean si Difference.

i +e. Minus Sum. |

|

| Stare. Star jf.
|
|

BO5LOm|) 2051 -1561 -2541 | +.0015

fae. Scale Corr.

26.2312
.2298
.2060
-2323
.2191
.2648
-2423
-2140
.2108
.2653
.2606
.2556
.2161
12254
«2300
- 2405
22230

| Corrected
‘Difference.

| +5939 .0871 | .6810 | —.0059 | .4932 | —.o002
| .5918 .0Q7I .6889 | —.0138 .5053 | —.0004
| .6014 .0O910 | = =.6924 | —.0173 .4896 | —.0005
.0698 .6650 | +.0101 -4746 | +.0003
.0079 .6643 | +.0108 | .4715 | +.0003

+5952
-5964
.6021
5948

.6004 -1019 .7023 | —.0272 -5015 | —.0008

-5979
.5966
«5950
-5993

|
|
.5890 | -0545 .6435 | +.0316 | .4655 | +.0010
|
|

.0688 .6638 | +.0113 | .4738 | +.0004

| 54.6020 | 58.0915 [112.6935 | —.0184 | 3.4895 | —.0006

+1033 .7054 | —.0303 | .5012 | —:0009
-1015 .6963 | —.o212 .5067 | —.0007

.0596 .6575 | +.0176 -4617 +.0005
-0524 | .6490 | +.0261 | .4558 | +.0008

0723 .6716 | +.0035 | .4730 | +.o001
.5886 | .0818 .6704 | +.0047 | .4932 | +.0001
.5998 | .0672 .6670 | +.0081 | .4674 | +.0003
.5949 | .0915 .6864 | —.0113 .4966 | —.0004

| 3.4889
+4930
-5049
.48901
-4749
-4718
5003
5060
-5007
-4665
.4622
.45606
+4742
4731
-4933
.4677
-4.962

Adopted mean 112,6751 Assumed value 3.4900

Parallaxes of w and 6 Cassiopeiz. 17

TABLE I1V.—OBSERVATIONAL DATA.
CoMPARISON STARS g AND A.

(Not used for parallax.)

Distance.

Difference.
h—g.

Star g. Star h.

97-3819 : 16.0216
3825 .4086 , : .0261
3743 4116 -7859 : 3 -0373
3724 | .4034 Sisk: : .0310
-3768 | = .3904 : .002 .0136
3785 -3947 Sy GPE i .O162
ose) 2-STrE} |. 5 -O196
-3647 | .3764 : p+, EO;
-3709 | .3804 ‘ : 20885
S793 | 4074: . . | .0321
+3747 | = .4003 : : | .0316
BO77Te |). 14040 : : | .0369
By 7o AZT .7805 | —. .0249
3641 3891 -7532 : .0250
GOOF Ie -8099)) 4.7506 : | .0292
. 3604 3891 : ; 0287
3613 - 3870 : | .0257
°3724 | -4023 ATO | ; .0299
3728 -4016 sail . | .0288
237987 | 3042 - , = | -Ors5
-3705 33905) J : .0263
.3716 4045) . : .0329
-3656 | .3876; . : .0220
3696 -3853 : : |) COLns7
-3777 $3925) =i st} .0148
3684 -3899 : : -0215

Adopted mean 210.7651

Awnats N. Y. Acap. Scr., VIII, March, 1893.—2

18 Rutherfurd Photographic Measures.

TABLE I1V.—OBSERVATIONAL DATA.

COMPARISON STARS © AND 0.

Distance. |
Sum. | Mean Difference. Corrected
G+c. Minus Sum.) §—c. | Seale Corr. Difference.

Stare. | Star 6.

a =| | ms
60 9758 | 70.2500 |131.2258 | —.0066 | 9.2742
Pagai2 || | .243%)|) .21a3 .0049 .2719
-9859 2520) 2370 .0187 .2661
.O747 .2523,| .2270 | — 0078 ATO
LO 7A | 2502))) 22407 -0055 -2757
.9421 -2431 | .1852 | 0340 -3010
.9472 .2383 -1855 -0337 .2011
-9594 | .2491 .2085 | +.0107 .2897
.9825 | .2687 Se .0320 .2862
.0002 25000) 2500 .0398 -2586
9823 -2618 | .2441 .0249 -2795
EGOLOM) 2705 | e25or .0389 .2949
-9436 -2494 . 1930 .0262 3058
.9381 -2580 | .1961 .0231 3199
-9540 | .2492| .2032 .0160 .2952
9510 | .2590 | 2100 0092 3080
.9719 .2066 | = .2385 | —.0193 -2047
-9773 | -2672.| 2445 | —.0253 | .2899
"9003 | 2699) |.2312 .O120 . 3086
.9630 -2615 | = 2245 .0053 .2985
-9538 | .2620 | .2158 .0034 -3C82
.9671 -2574 | .2245 .C053 .2903
Adopted mean 131.2192 Assumed value 9.2900

Parallaxes of w and 6 Cassiopete. 19

TaBLte 1V. A.—VARIATION OF SCALE VALUE.

See page 4.

Comp. Stars and their Position Angles.

Plate l Mean
No. aandb. | eandd. eand f. g and h. Corr’d. Telese.
B19 ~—-1999 | '2722 «©8792 | 124° 282°) 1699 335°

| —.0041

—.0071
—.0041
—.0129

.0190
.O194

.OO016
.0009

=
_
| +
Se

.0136

.0067
.0079
-O107
.O152

ores Sele

—.0037

.0078 |

.0026

.0004
.O160

-O201

.00gI

+.0091 |
+.0117 |

| —.0077 |

| —.0149
—.o189

—.0062

| —.0107

—.0139

—.0163
—.0052
—.O122
—.0153

+.0057 |

+.0027

—— OO DE

83°
83

Plate.

31

Rutherfurd Photographic Measures.

TABLE V.—PARALLAX FEQUATIONS.

COMPARISON STARS @ AND b.

.0O +1.97 +o.
.0O +1.97 -bo.
.0O +1.97 bo.
.0O +1.97 bo.

1.00r —l.44y —I.57m —o.18 =
1.00 —1.44 —1.57 —o.4I =
1.00 —1.42 —1.67 +1.05 —
1.00 —1.42 —1.67 +o. 22 —
1.00 —o.48 —1.31 —0. 36 =
1.00 —o.48 —I1.3I +0.15 —
1.00 —0.44 —I1.57 1.16 =
1.00 +0.o1 +1.12 —4.04 —
I.00 +o.o1 +1.12 —3.93 =
1.00 +0.01 +1.19 —0.55 ==
1.00 +0.55 —1.50 0.86 =
1.00 +0.55 —I1.52 +1.20 =
1.00 +0.55 —I1.52 +1.01 —
1.00 +1.02 +1.23 —2.30 +
1.00 +1.03 +1.30 —3.01 =
1.00 +1.03 +1.30 —I1.71 =
1.00 +1.03 +1.33 —1.25 =
1.00 +1.54 —1.43 +o 90 =
1.GO +1.56 —I1.54 +0.19 =
1.00 +1.56 —I1.54 —1.74 =
I =
I —
I —
I =

Norma

73) t1-O13e
73 +1.18
81 +1.54
81 0.68

1 Equations.

vio E22) © ee oO 2 CoO GO © CO & & & Ce eC @& & & ©

v.
0.14
—0.09
+1.29
-+-o 46
Soe)
—0.44
+o. 32
—2.12
—2.01
+1.43
+0.15
+0.48
+0 29
—0.83
—I.49
—o.19
+o. 30
—o.28
—I.10
wa 23
0.80
+1.68
+2.11
+1 25

37.00

+24.00007 +11.2100y — 8.0500% — 9.0400 = 0
+13.1132 — 1.9982 =o

+36.7277

+43.0283 —23.6197 =o

Solution.

In units 2d dec. place.
mw = +0.8899 --0.1600

y = —0.5475 0.1811
x = +0.9309 0.2184

Prob. error of one equation = 0.8952 = o!/.2507

In Are.

—— 40.249 3 +0 0448
y = —0.1534 0.0507
x = +0.2607 +0.0612

Seale.

Are.

+17.00007 + 7.05007 + 2.1100r + 6.2900 =o
+28.5889 —19.1220 + 9.9503 =o
+55.3681 —42.4082 =o

In
oo
Y=

t=

Prob. error of one equation = 0.7935 == 0//,2222

Parallaxes of w and 6 Cassiopeiz.

TABLE V.—PARALLAX EQUATIONS.

COMPARISON STARS ¢ AND d.

Normal Equations.

Solution.
units 2d dec. place. In Are.

v

1.00r —I.44y 41.82% -+0.12 = 0 +0.52
1.00 —I1.44 +1.82 —0.02 = ¢ bo. 38
1.00 —1.42 +1.75 —2.40 = © —2.06
1.00 —I1.42 +1.75 0.23 = +0.57
1.00 —0.44 +1.86 —1I.09 = 0 —0.20
1.00 +0.01 —1.81 +3.48 = 0 +1.09
1.00 +0.01 —1.82 +1.23 a) —I1.17
1.00 +0.55 +1.84 —1.60 = 0 —o.28
1.00 +0.55 1.84 —1.92 = © —o.60
1.00 +1.02 —1.82 +3.53 — ao +1.59
1.00 +1.03 —1.82 + 3.06 = ¢ +1.13
1.00 +1.03 —1.82 + 2.56 — oO +0.63
1.00 +1.54 +1.87 —1.39 = 0 -o.40
1.00 +1.56 +1.84 —o.46 ——O +1.31
1.00 +1.97 —I1.71 -+o.60 — 0 —o.8o
1.00 +1.97 —I1.74 + 1.05 = 6 —o.38
1.00 +1.97 —I1.74 —0.69 = ¢ —2.12

=22 = 19:38

+0.9479 --0.1262 r= 0.2655 +0.0353

+0.4525 +0.1849 y = +0.1267 40.0518
—0.6753 0.2108 x = —0.1892 --0.0618
Seale. Are.

bo

bo

Rutherfurd Photographic Measures.

TABLE V.—PARALLAX HQUATIONS.

CoMPARISON STARS e AND f/f.

I.00x —I1.44y
1.00 —1.44
1.00 —I1.42
1.00 —1.42
1.00 0.01
1.00 +o.o1
1.00 0.55
1.00 +0.55
1.00 +0.55
1.00 +1.02
1.00 +1.03
1.00 +1.03
1.00 +1.03
1.00 +1.97
1.00 +1.97
1.00 +1.97
1.00 +1.97

—I.3I19r
—I.30

+1.42
+1.41
+1.40
+1.55
$1.55
sere;
+1.55

—o.II
Lo. 30
+1.49
—0.09
—I.51
—1.82
+1.03
-+1.60
+1.07
—2.35
—2.75
Ss
—1.58
—1.69
0. 33
—2.23

+0.62

fib dood’ dodo ded

© ©) ©) we) ele Oo EO eo @ E& EO SE ee © © we

Hie i wd

Normal Equations.

Vv.
—0.44
—0.02
+1.29
—0.29
+0.69
0.35
aecoo
0.24
—0.27
—0o.69
—1.16
—1.73
+0.02
= bil
+1.66
—o.gI
+1.94

225,07

+17.0000r + 7.9400y + 5.7800%7 —11.0600 = 0
+28.8344 +22.9844 —16.4388 =o
+33 7618 —30.7096 =o

Solution.

In units 2d dec. place.

w == 1.1570 0.1783
y == —0.4854 0.2006
x = +0.4839 --0.1820

In Are.

c= 40.3241 +0.0499
y = —0O.1360 0.0562
x = +0.1355 0.0510

Scale.

Are.

Prob. error of one equation = 0.7001 = O//, 1961

Parallaxes of » and 9 Cassiopeiz.

TABLE V.—PARALLAX EQUATIONS.

COMPARISON STARS © AND @.

1.00x —1.44y
1500 —1.44
1.00 —1.42
1.00 —1.42
1.00 —0.44
1.00 +o.o1
1.00 +o oI
1.00 -+0o.o1
1.00 +0.55
1.00 +0.55
1.00 +0.55
1.00 +0.55
1.00 +1.02
1.00 +1.03
1.00 + 1.03
1.00 +1.03
1.00 +1.54
1.00 +1.56
1.00 +1.97
1.00 +1.97
1.00 +1.97
1.00 +1.97

+1.809r
+1.89
+1.84
1.84
+1.93
—1.81
—1.8t
—1.84
+1 gt
+1.9f
+1.90
+ 1.90
11 Sil
—1.84
—1.84
—1.85
+1.91
+1.89
—1.66
—1.66
—1.70
—1.70

—o.61
—}3.42
—1.23
+o. 21
ereyT

3-15
0.63
+1.87
+0. 33
—0.19
+1.77
-+o.81
+1.84

—O: Ol

+-
fe)
IE A SI

i) ©) ©) & © C6 © © & & CE @ © Cre 2 ©) 2c) ©

id dd td tebe

Normal Equations.

v.
+o.21
+o 06
—9o.72
0.50
—o.06
sons
—0. 44
— Shi)
+0. 37
—2.44
—o. 26
+1.18
0.53
+1.90
—0.62
+0. 62
+0.85
+0 34
+0.21
—0.75
+0.26
—1.59
=r? = 18.18

+22.0000r +11.1600y + 1.26007 — 0.0400 = 0
+34.1358 —22.3029 +24.7459 = 0
+74.1850 —49.8911 =o

Solution.

Yn units 2d dec. place.
m@ = +0.5381 0.0909
y = —0.4362 +0.1466
x = +0.1923 0.1638

In Are.

T= tour 507 0.0255
y == —0.1222 0.0411
£ => +0.0539 0.0459

Scale.

Are.

Prob. error of one equation = 0.6779 = 0/.1899

Il.— The Myriapoda Collected by the United States Eclipse
Expedition to West Africa, 1889 and 1890.

BY O. F. COOK AND G. N. COLLINS.

Read March 13, 1898.

The west coast of Africa is very rich in species of Myriapoda,
notably Polydesmide and Julide. Spirostreptus is to be con-
sidered the characteristic genus, of which more than a hundred
species have already been described from different parts of Africa.
The Cape of Good Hope has furnished a majority of these; the
only other locality which has received anything like a thorough
investigation is Benguela, the species of which are described by
Porath in ‘‘ Myriapoda Africe Australis.”” The considerable num-
ber of species from other localities is the result of casual collection
by persons not specially interested in the group, and so the subject
is in a fragmentary condition. It is a matter of some regret to us
to make an addition to this scattered literature, but there seems to
be no other course. The species here noticed were collected at
points remote from each other, ranging all the way from Senegam-
bia to Cape Town. We have attempted to make our descriptions
and figures sufficiently complete and definite to insure the recogni-
tion of the species if found again.

When Dr. Riley sent us the material for study it was the inten-
tion of the government authorities to publish at one time the com-
plete scientific results of the expedition; but as this seemed likely to
be indefinitely deferred, it was thought best to offer this paper else-
where. The materials on which it is based are in the collection of
the National Museum at Washington.

Syracuse University, March 1, 1891.

Annats N. Y. Acap. Scr., VIII, April, 1893.

Myriapoda of West Africa. ARS

1. Paradesmus thysanopus, sp. n.
Plate I, figs. 1-6.

Body rather slender, slightly flattened, narrowed slightly and gradually
anteriorly, more abruptly posteriorly.

Vertex smooth, sulcus beginning as a fine line at the posterior margin, and
gradually widening and deepening to just below the antenne, where it ends ;
near the lateral edge of the antennal opening a small, well-defined, circular
surface, apparently not chitinized.

Clypeus short, smooth above, wrinkled and hirsute below, the lower bristles
longer, and arranged in more or less regular transverse rows ; a shallow trans-
verse furrow above the labrum.

Labrum very short, the emargination moderate or shallow, with three small,
more or less blunt teeth, sometimes separated from each other.

Antenne 6 or 7mm. long; second joint longest, but the third subequal to it;
the other three distally decreasing, though but very slightly ; seventh sub-
equal to the first; distal joints densely pilose, the others slightly.

Mandibulary stipe with the exposed surface (buccal area) large, triangular,
anteriorly truncate, sparsely hirsute, marked with three furrows arranged in
the form of a right triangle, with the right angle toward the clypeus.

Masticatory plate crescent-shaped, crossed by seven transverse, spine-bear-
ing ridges.

Masticatory cushion and a fringed lamella along the masticatory plate well
developed, the projections black.

Mandibulary tooth triangular, rounded at apex.

Dentate lamella with four blunt teeth.

Pectinate lamelle six, as is usual in this family, but all the lamelle may
not be complete, that is, there may be five lamelle, one being branched.

Mentum triangular, of equal length and breadth, the posterior edge deeply
and broadly emarginate, the apex very acute; a few short bristles along the
median line.

Stipe of gnathochilarium with broad, produced anterior corners ; with long
bristles on the anterior margin, and with short ones over its whole surface,
excepting along the lateral margins.

Lingual laminz hirsute over the entire surface, the anterior bristles longer.

First segment smooth, anterior edge curved, the posterior nearly straight, so
that the general outline is that of half of an ellipse divided by the long axis.

Second segment very convex and smooth above, of about equal length,! but
broader than the first ; upper carina slightly produced at the anterior angle,
more at the posterior, with a raised margin above.

Third and fourth segments each about as long as the second, but the carine
smaller, the anterior angle wanting, the posterior better developed than upon
the second segment.

1 The terms long and short refer to dimensions taken in the general direc-
tion of the long axis of the body; broad and narrow to those more or less
perpendicular to the long axis.

26 Myriapoda of West Africa.

Fourth and subsequent segments longer, above with a slight transverse
furrow across the middle of the posterior subsegment; furrow disappearing
on the seventeenth segment; posterior segments with a faint median longitu-
dinal sulcus ; superior carine posteriorly pointed, decreasing on the last three
segments, those of the nineteenth nearly obsolete. All the segments, except
the first and the last four have a rather slight oblique inferior carina located
so as to make the outline of a cross-section of the posterior subsegment some-
what quadrangular; segments longitudinally wrinkled between the carine.

Repugnatorial pores large, circular, located on the lateral face of the carina,
and near the posterior margin of the segment.

Last segment finely roughened, a few bristles on its posterior margin, and one
on each side of the base of the smooth, slightly decurved, scarcely attenuated
mucro, which is elliptical in cross-section, and bears on its truncate apex four
short bristles. Sides of end a little swollen, and the under side of mucro with
a shallow groove, so that when held at the proper angle it appears slightly
emarginate.

Anal valves wrinkled above and along the compressed margins; on each
valve near the margin, and at about equal distances from the top and bottom
of the valves and from each other, two long bristles.

Pre-anal scale triangular, obtuse, about as wide as long, with a bristle on
each side below the apex.

First pair of legs 2 mm. long, much shorter than the others; third joint
longest, slightly exceeding the second, which is but little longer than the
subequal first, fourth, fifth, and sixth; fifth joint in males with a dense hairy
fringe along the distal half of its inferior edge; the sixth joint with such a
fringe along nearly the whole of the inferior edge; surface of all the joints
sparsely hirsute. The fringes appear on all the legs to the tenth or twelfth
pair, where that of the fifth joint is lost; that of the sixth becomes gradually
shorter and disappears before the fourteenth or fifteenth segments.

Second pair of legs longer than first, 2.8 mm., the comparative length of
joints the same.

Fourth pair of legs of male, and the third or fifth (the specimen was damaged)
with the third joint swollen on the lower side, and provided with a truncate
conical obliquely directed protuberance open at the end. The opening leads
to a flask-shaped cavity containing an irregular homogeneous mass; in two
cases it appeared that there was a tubular passage leading from the cavity
upward inside the joint, but in another leg the wall of the cavity appeared
very distinctly defined, and no trace of interior connection could be made out.

Subsequent legs gradually longer, to about 6 mm., moderately hirsute.

Genitalia of male—see plate I, figs. 1, 2.

Color of alcoholic specimens from chocolate-brown to nearly black, the
labrum, margins of first segment, posterior margin, both carinez, and ventral
surface of other segments, mucro, and proximal joints of legs, pale yellow;
antenne brown. The yellow posterior margin of the segments is sometimes
obsolete, and the ventral surface and distal portions of the joints of the legs
may be pale reddish-brown.

Length of longest specimen 26 mm. ; diameter of segments 3 mm.

Myriapoda of West Africa. 27

Habitat.—One male and a portion of another, and two females,
from ‘‘Congo, Jan. 2.”

This species is distinct from P. gracilis C. Koch, in its larger size,
smaller carine, faint transverse sulcus of posterior subsegments, the
fringes of the two penultimate joints of the legs, the structure of
the fourth pair of legs, male genitalia, and in having no row of
granules between the subsegments; from P. Liberiensis Peters, in
having all the carine posteriorly pointed, the posterior margin of
the first segment straight, the yellow markings, and the smaller
size; from P. ornatus Peters, in the straight posterior margin of
the first segment, anterior segments not noticeably directed for-
ward, pores on the lateral surfaces of the carinz, and much smaller
size.

2. Alloporus bipunctatus, sp. n.
Plate II, figs. 15, 16.

Body cylindrical, slightly constricted anteriorly, the fourth segment nar-
rowest; last six or seven segments rapidly decreasing.

Covered portion of epicranium with fine, branching, longitudinal striations,
the striated area twice as wide on the ends as in the middle, where it is bisected
by a prolongation of the vertex sulcus.

Vertex smooth or with very fine irregular longitudinal strie, the median
sulcus obsolete, but the suture distinct, meeting the rather obscure intra-
ocular suture in a deep foveola.

Clypeus smooth above, wrinkled below, near the middle a broad depression ;
upper row of two bristle-bearing punctations, one over each end of the labral
emargination ; lower row of seven or eight smaller punctations on each side
of, and five behind the excavation.

Labrum with a moderate excavation and three well-defined, though blunt
teeth.

Eyes pointed-oval, distant from each other by scarcely the transverse diame-
ter of an eye; ocelli of right eye arranged: 11+10+4+9+8+47+4=49, of
left, 11+10+9+8+4+7+4+2=51.

Antenne 6.5 mm. long, second joint longest, the third, fourth, fifth, and the
sixth and seventh taken together, about equal in length.

Mandibulary stipe with the exposed surface subrectangular in outline,
convex, with raised margin; anterior inferior corner somewhat produced.

Masticatory plate triangular, twice as long as broad, the surface rough with
short spines ; margin raised; at the broad end a deep groove.

Mandibulary tooth oblong, more than twice as long as broad, the end rounded.

Dentate lamella with five rounded teeth.

Pectinate lamelle of eleven complete rows of spines, and one short row.

Mentum about s¥x times as wide as long; anteror margin broadly sinuate ;
anterior corners rounded ; lateral margins posteriorly converging.

28 Myriapoda of West Africa.

Promentum without bristles, widest in the middle; a distinct line of demar-:
cation between the narrow, posterior, plane surface and the anterior concave
one.

Stipe with broad base, a few bristles on the anterior margin and anterior
portion of lateral margin, one large spine near the anterior interior angle.

Lingual lamine with three short bristles near the posterior, and three long
ones near the anterior end.

First segment finely rugulose and punctate; corners scarcely produced,
nearly rectangular; one complete, and two fine marginal striations.

Subsequent segments with the anterior portions concentrically striate, on
the striations small pits at considerable distance from each other ; posterior
part of segment highly convex, so that the body appears slightly moniliate,
punctate, and finely rugulose; sides smooth above, moderately striate below,
the striations more extensive on the anterior segments but not appearing above
the pores.

Repugnatorial pores longitudinally elliptical, situated below the middle,
slightly nearer to the suture than to the posterior margin, suture strongly
sinuate in front of pore.

Penultimate segment very short.

Last segment long, posterior margin depressed, rounded, more rugulose
than the anterior portion, not covering the anal valves.

Anal valves finely punctate, not much exceeding the last segment, not much
inflated, the margins rather thick, compressed, next to them a shallow, irregu-
lar furrow.

Pre-anal scale about three times as broad as long, rounded.

Color of alcoholic specimen a uniform dark reddish-brown, the anterior and
inferior portions of the segments paler; feet dark reddish.

Length 95 mm.; greatest diameter 7 mm.; 57 segments.

Habitat.—One female specimen (Ac. 23,272) is labeled ‘“‘ Free
Town, Sierra Leone.”

3. Spirostreptus variabilis, sp. n.
Plate II, figs. 11-14.

Body cylindrical, gradually narrowed anteriorly to the eighth or ninth seg-
ment, then increasing to the second and first; last seven or eight segments
rather abruptly decreasing.

Covered portion of epicranium finely striate longitudinally, anteriorly bor-
dered by a transverse sulcus, which may be straight or considerably curved
at the sides.

Vertex smooth or rugulose, sometimes, in females, with one or more trans-
verse striations above; median sulcus nearly obsolete, but the suture distinct,
ending in a transversely elliptical, deep foveola between the eyes, which are
connected by a transverse suture crossing the foveola.

Clypeus in male faintly rugulose, appearing smooth, nfedianly and below
the line of the antenne is a large flat or depressed space; in the female the

Myriapoda of West Africa 29
a

clypeus is coarsely rugose over its entire surface, on each side just mesad of
the antenne a deep, irregular excavation, and on each side about half-way
between the antenne and the labrum a crescent-shaped excavation, with the
concave side towards the antenna. Upper row of four punctations, sometimes
nearly obsolete or reduced to three; lower row of punctations consisting of
from three to nine on each side of the emargination, and from none to eight
behind it.

Labrum with a shallow or deep emargination; teeth usually three, occa-
sionally two or one, or nearly obsolete, either broad and truncately blunt, or
narrower and rather sharp-poiuted.

Eyes triangular in shape, the upper and exterior edges convex outwardly,
the lower concave; the usual arrangement of the ocelli is 12+ 11+10+ 9+
7+5-+ 2=56, which order is varied tol1+10+9+8+4+64+34+2=49 or
12+11+10+9+48+6+4+2=58, or134124114104+9471+54+2=69;
eyes distant from each other by about two-thirds of the transverse diameter
of an eye.

Antenne with tie second joint longest, the others gradually decreasing in
length; first and second joints smooth or with sparse hairs, the other joints
increasingly hirsute to the end; length 8-9 mm.; if held parallel to each
other they scarcely attain the third segment; no disparity in length between
the sexes.

Mandibulary stipe with the exposed surface nearly plane, subquadrate,
provided with a raised margin; anterior inferior angle sometimes produced.

Masticatory plate about twice as long as broad, triangular, surrounded by
a raised edge ; near and parallel to its broad end a transverse ridge separates
it into two unequal parts, the smaller of which is a deep groove not beset with
the short spines common on the remainder of the surface.

Mandibulary tooth oblong, about three times as long as broad, the end
rounded, obtuse.

Dentate lamelle with four or five blunt teeth; the incisions between are
sometimes so slight as to make the margin of the lamella scarcely uneven.

Pectinate lamelle of eleven more or less complete rows of broad, blunt,
curved spines.

-Hypostoma arcuate, the inferior surface without longitudinal striz, anterior
margin in male broadly emarginate, in female straight or slightly concave
medianly.

Mentum trapezoidal, in the female six times broader than long, in the male
nine times, the part posterior to the stipe being apparently modified into a
large secondary cardo.

Promentum without bristles, the anterior margin sometimes nearly straight
with a rather abrupt median protuberance, or convex, with a smaller pro-
tuberance. In the male the ventral surface of the promentum has the ante-
rior two-thirds of its area concave; in the female this depression is more pro-
nounced, and is separated from the level posterior area by a well-defined edge.

Stipe with three or four large bristles on the anterior margin, and a row
along the anterior half or two-thirds of the lateral edge, and a small bristly

30 Myriapoda of West Africa.

%
area near the anterior portion of the lateral margin, also one stout bristle near
the anterior-interior corner.

Lingual lamine beset with bristles on the posterior third, and three large
ones near the anterior end.

First segment finely punctate, the anterior angles slightly produced in male,
not produced in female, rounded, with five curved, and occasionally irregular
or branched sulcations, the upper one beginning opposite the eye.

Segments subsequent to the first with about ten occasionally branched stria-
tions on the anterior portion, and just in front of each striation a row of sharp
conical protuberances which are usually distant from each other~by a space
greater than that between the striations ; posterior portion of segments with
very numerous punctations and irregular longitudinal ridges, the posterior
edge depressed ; the longitudinal striations of the sides begin on the anterior
segments above the pores, on the posterior segments below them. .

Repugnatorial pores oval, located at about the middle of the side, not remote
from the suture, which is sinuate in front of them.

Last segment rugulose above posteriorly, and with the posterior portion
depressed ; mucro not equalling the anal valves, obtuse, rounded.

Anal valves finely punctate, wrinkled in the depressed portions, rather
prominently compressed-margined.

Pre-anal scale broad, rounded-triangular, considerably exceeded by the
anal valves.

First pair of legs of male with the large sternum hirsute with short bristles
on its lateral expansions; coxe with a large, triangular, dorsally directed
process on the upper side.

Third and subsequent legs of male with a large, pointed, transparent, chitin-
ous process rising from the ventral edge of the distal third of the two penulti-
mate joints, much smaller on posterior legs.

Genitalia of male—see plate II, figs. 13, 14.

Color of alcoholic specimens dark brown, the labrum in some cases black,
anterior portion of segments pale bluff; feet and antenne dull reddish-brown.

Length 95-110 mm.; greatest diameter 8-10 mm.; 52-56 segments.

Habitat.—Four males and four females are labeled, ‘‘St. Paul de
Loanda, Dec. 13, 1889” (No. 292); one female ‘“ Loanda” (Ac.
23,400); one female ‘‘ Congo, Dec. 25.”

This species is instructive as giving light on the subject of varia-
tion in the genus. We have combined in oar description characters
supposed by some writers to be of great importance, such as the
presence or absence of labral teeth, being compelled to this course
by the fact that while the extremes of variation are very distinct,
the intervening stages are present, and that great deviation from
the usual form may exist in respect to some one character without
being accompanied by any other noticeable differences.

Myriapoda of West Africa. 3]

: 4. Spirostreptus tripartitus, sp. n.
Plates II and III, figs. 17-22.

Body cylindrical, widest about one-fourth of the length from the posterior
end, gradually narrowed anteriorly to about the eleventh segment, in front
slightly larger.

Covered portion of epicranium with moderately pronounced longitudinal
striations.

Vertex with a broad and deep sulcus, rugulose to the transverse intra-ocular
suture; the two sutures meeting in a slight depression.

Clypeus faintly and distantly rugulose; near the lateral margins on each
side a flattened, or even excavate area; upper row of four irregular, large,
shallow punctations ; lower row of seven or eight punctations on each side of,
but none above, the emargination. None of the punctations are furnished
with hairs, but each has a small rounded protuberance at the bottom.

Labrum with a deep emargination ; labral teeth very small and blunt and
distant from each other, above them a rather deep groove.

Eyes shaped like half the loop of a lemniscate, arranged 11 +10+9-+ 7 or
8+6+5-+2=50 or 51; distant from each other by about the transverse
diameter of an eye.

Antenne with the second joint longest, the others gradually decreasing in
length, the seventh very short; length 10 mm., diameter of joints about 1 mm.

Mandibulary stipe with the exposed surface nearly plane, oblong, with a
raised margin along the lower edge.

Masticatory plate triangular, about twice as long as broad, with a raised
edge; upper portion a deep groove, the exterior edge of which does not attain
to the plane of the larger triangular portion, and is without spines.

Mandibulary tooth triangular, obtuse at point, about twice as long as broad.

Dentate lamella with five blunt teeth.

Pectinate lamelle of eleven complete rows of blunt spines.

Hypostoma with longitudinal striations on the inferior surface of the broad
ends ; anterior margin medianly produced, otherwise nearly straight.

Mentum tripartite, the median piece oval, about half as long as the lateral
pieces, and nearly equal to them in width; lateral pieces trapezoidal, the
posterior interior corner produced.

Promentum with posterior corners produced ; anterior margin but little con-
vex outwardly ; anterior third beset with numerous bristles.

Stipe with four or five large bristles on the anterior edge, and a fringe of
them along the anterior two-thirds of the lateral edges; portion bordering on
the promentum also beset with bristles; a stout, blunt, dark-brown spine is
located near the anterior-interior corner.

Lingual laminz beset with bristles on the posterior half, and three large
ones toward the anterior end.

First segment nearly smooth, slightly rugulose on the sides ; anterior lateral
angle considerably produced, rounded, the lateral edge straight, directed
slightly upward posteriorly, posterior corner very obtuse ; four complete stria-
tions, sometimes branched, or with one or two short striz.

32 Myriapoda of West Africa.

Subsequent segments with about seventeen concentric striations on the
anterior portion, on the striations small protuberances distant from each
other by a space equal to that between the striations ; posterior portion with
very fine longitudinal wrinkles and furrows ; the striations which are strongly
developed below, extend considerably above the pores on the anterior seg-
ments.

Repugnatorial pores below the middle line, longitudinally elliptical, situated
near the suture which is sinuate in front of them, especially on the anterior
segments.

Last segment with the posterior portion slightly depressed and more rugu-
lose, with rounded mucro, the margins slightly uneven below.

Anal valves nearly smooth, not very prominently inflated, the margins not
strongly compressed, of moderate thickness.

Pre-anal scale two and one-half times as long as wide, posteriorly very
obtuse, rounded.

First pair of Jegs with their large sternum hirsute on the median portion of
the expanded surfaces, and a fringe of bristles along its margin; coxa large,
flat, punctate, and hispid with short bristles, provided with a conic curved
dorsally directed process.

Third and subsequent pairs of legs with a large, pointed, transparent, chiti-
nous process arising from the distal half of the penultimate joints, becoming
smaller posteriorly.

Genitalia of male—see plate II, figs. 18, 19.

Color of alcoholic specimens: head, first segment, and posterior part of
subsequent segments brownish-black ; anterior portion of segments dull
reddish-brown; colors lighter below, feet and antenne dark reddish.

Length 170 mm.; greatest diameter 10 mm.; 72 segments.

Habitat.—Two male specimens with the label ‘‘ Congo, Dec. 25.”

5. Spirostreptus anodontus, sp. n.

Plate III, fig. 23.

Body cylindrical, gradually narrowed anteriorly to the fourth segment, then
increasing to the first; narrowed gradually posteriorly from the 60th to the
66th, and thence rapidly decreasing.

Covered portion of epicranium with strongly pronounced longitudinal stria-
tions running into the transverse furrow in front.

Vertex finely rugulose, with coarse strie running diagonally into the
strongly pronounced median sulcus which meets the transverse intra-ocular
suture in a longitudinally oval depression.

Clypeus finely rugulose; below and mesad of the antenne a deep, irregular,
rugose depression; median portion of lower part of clypeus strongly convex,
but the lateral margins rather abruptly flattened ; upper row of four nearly
obsolete punctations reduced to shallow depressions ; lower row also reduced
to shallow, longitudinally oval depressions, either without any protuberance
at bottom, or with it very small and blunt; about nine punctations on each
side of the emargination, and six or seven very rudimentary ones behind it.

EEO

Myriapoda of West Africa. 33

Labrum with a deep and rather narrow sinus and no trace of the teeth
which are so nearly universal in Chilognaths.

_ Eyes of the usual semi-lemniscate shape, distant from each other by a space
equal to the transverse diameter of an eye; ocelli of the right eye of the
specimen examined 10+ 114+10+9+9+45+5+1=60, of the left 10+
11+9+8+8+6+43=55. The ocelli of the upper parts of the eyes are,
as is usual in Spirostrepti, many times larger than some of the lower ones. In
the left eye the arrangement into transverse rows is so broken as to make the
above formula rather arbitrary.

Antenne with the second joint longest, but not as long as the fifth and sixth
taken together, the other joints decreasing in length from the second ; length
12 mm., transverse diameter of joint 1.2 mm.

Mandibulary stipe with its outer surface oblong, subrectangular, surrounded
by a raised margin.

Masticatory plate twice as long as broad, triangular, surrounded by a raised
margin; broad end a deep groove separated from the remainder of the surface.

Mandibulary tooth oval, with the sides rather straight and the end trun-
cate; more than twice as long as broad.

Dentate lamella of five teeth, which are either entirely connate or with-a
shallow incision separating them, so that the cutting edge of the lamella is
nearly straight.

Pectinate lamelle of eleven complete rows of blunt, curved spines.

Hypostoma arcuate, the ends longitudinally striate on the inferior surface,
anterior edge straight.
~Mentum nearly rectangular, about six times as long as broad, the surface
rough.

Promentum with posterior margin straight, the anterior but little convex ;
anterior two-thirds concave, with a curved line of demarcation; anterior third
beset with bristles.

Stipe with a fringe of bristles along the margin to near the base, and along
the interior margin opposite the promentum; a very short blunt bristle near
the anterior-interior corner.

Lingual laminz beset with bristles on the posterior portion, and with a few
long ones anteriorly.

First segment anteriorly finely wrinkled, posteriorly more coarsely, with
occasional shallow depressions, one of which on each side close to the median
line is much more pronounced ; lateral inferior margin nearly straight, corners
rounded, not produced; three of the usual striations run diagonally across
the segment, while one or two are interrupted. Starting from the middle of
the superior striation is a longitudinally directed furrow, and just above this
a very pronounced convexity of the surface of the segment, bearing on the
middle portion several shorter longitudinal furrows ; the whole posterior por-
tion of the segment is swollen, appearing noticeably convex when viewed from
the side ; posterior edge strongly emarginate, though the segment is twice as
long in the middle as near the lateral edge.

Subsequent segments have about twelve irregular and broken concentric

Annas N.Y. Acap. Scei., VIII, April, 1893.—3

34 Myriapoda of West Africa.

striations on the anterior portion, just anterior to each of which is a row of
very small protuberances about as far from each other as the striations are
apart; posterior portion of segments finely punctate, dorsally with poorly
defined longitudinally directed furrows, depressions, and ridges; laterally
these become more pronounced and gradually take on the cliaracter of the
striations which are strongly developed on the sides and below; well-devel-
oped striations appear above the pores on the anterior segments, but not on
the posterior.

Repugnatorial pores located below the middle line of side, longitudinally
oval on the anterior segments, where the suture is curved away from them;
they are farther from the posterior margin than from the suture, which in
the posterior part of the animal is nearly or quite straight.

Last segment posteriorly strongly contracted, rugose above on the small and
rather pointed, though broad, mucro which does not nearly cover the edges of
the anal valves.

Anal valves rugulose, more coarsely wrinkled above and along the slightly
compressed, rather thick margins.

Pre-anal scale with the exposed portion somewhat over three times broader
than long, the posterior margin rounded.

Color of alcoholic specimen: median parts of head, posterior part of each
segment, anal valves, and pre-anal scale very dark brown, nearly black; sides
of head, antenne, and legs of a more or less dark reddish-brown; the anterior
portion of each segment shading into dirty yellow, all the colors paler below ;
sides of the posterior margin of the last segment yellow.

Length 210 mm.; greatest diameter 14 mm.; 70 segments.

Habitat.—One female specimen is labeled ‘‘ Cape Town, Feb. 2,
1890.”

With the specimens which we have called tripartitus was a
female of about the same size as the above species, and differing
in the following characters :—

Body more compressed laterally toward the posterior end, and attenuate for
a longer distance anteriorly ; transverse furrow of vertex curved, medianly
obscure; the rugose area in front of the antenne more evident, and slightly
depressed ; upper row of punctations better developed, with blunt protuber-
ances at bottom; lower row less in number, and less pronounced; anterior
ventral corner of exposed surface of mandibulary stipe more produced; eyes
62; anterior edge of promentum without a distinct median convexity, though
the general outline of the rather irregular margin is anteriorly convex.

These differences do not seem to us of sufficient importance to
justify the establishment of another species, and yet it does not
appear advisable to combine the descriptions of the two specimens.

This species, supposing the two specimens to belong to it, has its
most important difference from S. tripartitus in the characters of

Myriapoda of West Africa. 35

the mentum and hypostoma. It is not impossible that these differ-
ences are sexual, but on this point no information is available.

We are aware that these three species of Spirostreptus do not
differ by any very important characters from many previously pub-
lished descriptions, though they do not appear to be entirely in
accord with any. A large part of the older descriptions consist
chiefly of accounts of the colors of alcoholic or dried specimens, in
which the colors depend on the strength of the alcohol, the rapidity
of the drying process, or the age of the specimens, as we have
frequently observed in collecting species of this family. There are
numerous descriptions which do not give a single morphological
character not present, in all probability, in every Spirostreptus, and
it appears to us that to describe these specimens as new will be
likely to cause less confusion than to make a random reference of
them to species practically undescribed, our species being character-
ized, we hope, with sufficient completeness to make their identifi-
cation possible to any one studying the older types. In the other
case such study would be quite as likely to prove the distinctness
of the forms before us, and to cause complications in the literature
of the subject much greater than the simple reduction of our specific
names to synonyms.

We are also aware that many of the characters mentioned by us
could probably be relegated to a properly prepared generic descrip-
tion, had such been drawn up.

The distinctions between Spirostreptus and allied genera are by
no means settled. Latzel puts forward the number of pectinate
lamella as an important generic character, and states that Allo-
porus has eight, and Spirostreptus nine or ten. We have found
eleven to be the constant number in the specimens referred to these
genera, but sometimes the rows are more or less incomplete, so
that variation in the number appears probable, and hence the only
remaining distinction between the two genera is the possession by
Alloporus of repugnatorial pores on the fifth segment, and the im-
portance of this character is more or less weakened by the fact that
on specimens of Spirostreptus, rudimentary pores, in the shape of
small depressions, sometimes occur on the fifth, fourth, and third
segments.

36 Myriapoda of West Africa.

6. Odontopyge furcata (Karsch).
Plate III, figs. 24-28.

Spirostreptus ( Odontopyge) furcatus, Karsch: Neue Juliden des Berliner Museums,
22.

Body cylindrical, narrowed posteriorly and very slightly anteriorly, not
constricted.

Covered portion of epicranium with two well-pronounced transverse stria-
tions, the space between which is finely striated longitudinally.

Vertex smooth or very finely striate longitudinally; sulcus obsolete, but the
suture distinct, as well as the transverse intra-ocular suture which it joins.

Clypeus smooth, with a large shallow depression slightly below the middle ;
upper row of six or eight punetations ; lower row of five to seven on each side
of, and six behind the emargination; each of the punctations has a bristle,
some of which are .125 mm. long.

Labrum with a shallow emargination and three rather blunt teeth which
project far enough to have their ends nearly in line with the edge of the
labrum, in which is a notch on each side near the emargination.

Eyes pointed-oval, distant from each other by about the transverse diameter
of one of them; not close to the antenne ; ocelli subequal, arranged 11+ 10
+9+8+745+43=53.

Antenne 4 mm. long, second joint longest, the others gradually shorter ;
fifth and sixth taken together longer than the second.

Mandibulary stipe with the exposed face convex, with a plane or slightly
raised margin, in outline subrectangular the anterior edge faintly emarginate.

Masticatory plate rounded-triangular, about twice as long as broad, divided
into a flat triangular, roughened surface with a raised margin, and a broad
groove much below the plane of the roughened surface.

Mandibulary tooth triangular, with rounded apex, about twice as long as
breadth of base.

Dentate lamella with five teeth, four of them rather long, with rounded
apices, the fifth very broad.

Pectinate lamellz nine.

Hypostoma moderately arcuate, the ends enlarged and with a chitinized
projection on their posterior edge.

Mentum about six times as broad as its median length, the ends very nar-
row. Between the narrow ends of the mentum and the hypostoma is on each
side a membranous pouch into which fits the large process of the coxa of the
first pair of legs.

Promentum without bristles, shaped like half of an ellipse divided by its
short axis; a narrow posterior portion plane, the larger anterior part concave,
with a distinct line of demarcation.

Stipe with bristles along the promentum and the anterior half of the exte-
rior margins.

Lingual lamine with a few short bristles at base and three long ones toward
the anterior margin.

Myriapoda of West Africa. 37

First segment smooth, anterior lateral angle rounded; one complete and
deep striation, and a branched, more shallow, marginal striation.

Subsequent segments: anterior subsegment with seven or eight concentric
striations on its anterior portion, the striations with small protuberances about
as far apart as the striations are from each other; some of the protuberances
not on the striations, but located without regularity on that part of the sub-
segment which is behind the striations. Posterior subsegment rugulose with
fine curved and branching wrinkles whose general direction is longitudinal ;
the coarser striations of the sides and inferior surface begin about two-thirds
of the distance from the dorsal median line to the repugnatorial pore. Supple-
mentary margin finely and equally pectinate, points of teeth free, prominent.

Repugnatorial pores small, longitudinally suboval, situated on the middle
line of side, and midway between the straight suture and the articulation.

Last segment rugose above, smoother below and finely punctate, carinate
on the median line above ; posterior angle somewhat produced, rounded.

Anal valves rugulose- punctate, each with a prominent carina which encloses
a crescentic space between it and the well-pronounced, but moderately com-
pressed margin; the carina is produced above into a large sharp-pointed,
slightly recurved mucro.

Pre-anal scale punctate, rounded, nearly twice as wide as long.

First pair of legs with the expanded portion of sternum provided with a few
short spines; coxa of male with a large, flattened, wrinkled, anteriorly and
laterally directed, curved process.

Third and subsequent pairs without chitinous processes on the penultimate
joints.

Genitalia of male—see plate III, figs. 27, 28.

Color of alcoholic specimens chestnut-brown, alternating with yellow; ante-
rior portion of each posterior subsegment brown, the posterior margin, and
usually a broad dorsal median line, yellow or buff; feet pale reddish, antenne
chestnut-brown ; anterior and ventral portions of segments buff. In the young
the colors are paler and less distinct, so that the general color appears to be a
dirty yellow.

Length 60 mm. ; diameter 4 mm.; 64 segments.

Habitat.—Two male, one female, and one young specimen from
“ Loanda.”

J

7. Scolopendra morsitans, Linn.

To this polymorphous species we have referred nine specimens,
all the Chilopoda of the collection. Six specimens, males and
females from Loanda (Accession 23406), and a female and a young
specimen from ‘‘Congo” present no noteworthy deviation from the
usual form of this species, except that the superior surfaces of the
basal joints of the anal legs, though somewhat flattened, are not
at all margined. In discussing this species Meinert remarks:

38 Myriapoda of West Africa.

‘‘Perhaps this Scolopendra is the most inconstant species among
all Myriapods, but also very few animals are so common and widely
distributed as Se. morsitans; yet through all its variations the
short, flat, marginated pedes anales with three rows of larger
spines on the underside of the femora are seldom missed.” Kohl-
rausch, however, has called attention to the fact that in African
specimens the margins are ‘‘ not very sharp,” and as all the other
characters of the examples before us, including the number and
arrangement of the spines, are those most usual in this species,
we can only refer them here. One female from St. Helena differs
from the others only in having well-developed margins on the three
basal joints of the anal legs. The specimens vary in length from
37 to 87 mm., and in color from pale olive-brown with green mar-
gins to the segments and ochraceous head and anal legs, to entirely
brown with no olive tinge. One of the two young specimens is
pale olive-green throughout, the other brown. All the brown
specimens appear to have been dried before being put into alcohol.

Myriapoda of West Africa.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

ERATE. T.

PARADESMUS THYSANOPUS, sp. Nn.

Fig. 1. Genitalium. The dotted line indicates the course of the duct.
Fig. 2. Different view of another genitalium.

Fig. 3. Leg—one of the first pair.

Fig. 4. Leg—one of the fourth pair.

Fig. 5. Leg—one of the ninth pair.

Fig. 6. Gnathochilarium.

SPIROSTREPTUS VARIABILIS, Sp. 0.

Fig. 7. Series of dentate lamelle.
Fig. 8. Series of labra.

Fig. 9. Gnathochilarium of male.
Fig. 10. Gnathochilarium of female.

PEATE: bb

SPIROSTREPTUS VARIABILIS (continued).
Fig. 11. First pair of legs.
Fig. 12. Third pair of legs.
Fig. 13. Genitalia, anterior view. Duct indicated as in fig. 1,
Fig. 14. Genitalia, posterior view.

ALLOPORUS BIPUNCTATDS, Sp. n.

Fig. 15. Gnathochilarium of female.
Fig. 16. Dentate lamella.

SPIROSTREPTUS TRIPARTITUS, Sp. 0.
Fig. 17. Gnathochilarium of male.
Fig. 18. Genitalia, posterior view. Duct indicated as in fig. 1.
Fig. 19. Genitalia, anterior view.

40

. 23.

. 24,
. 25.
. 26.
a 24fle
. 28.

Myriapoda of West Africa.

PLATE III.

SPIROSTREPTUS TRIPARTITUS (continued).

. First pair of legs.
. Second pair of legs.
. Third pair of legs.

SPIROSTREPTUS ANODONTUS, Sp. Nl.

Gnathochilarium of female.

OpoNnTOPYGE FURCATA (Karsch).
Gnathochilarium of male.
First pair of legs.
Second pair of legs.
Part of genitalium, anterior view.
Genitalia, posterior view. Duct indicated as in fig. 1.

III.—Studies on the Life-history of some Bombycine Moths, with
Notes on the Setz and Spines of Certain Species.

BY ALPHEUS S. PACKARD.

Read March 13, 1893.

The attempt has been made in this and other articles, so far as
material and opportunity have allowed, to describe the transforma-
tions of some of our Bombycine moths, in the light of the recent very
suggestive and stimulating work of Weismann, entitled ‘“ Studies
in the Theories of Descent” (1882). Until within a few years the
majority of descriptions of caterpillars have been prepared simply
for the purpose of identification, or for taxonomical uses, and with-
out reference to the philosophic or general zoological significance
of these changes. The transformations of some of the European
Sphingidze have been very carefully worked out by Weismann,
and also by Poulton, but it is believed that the life-histories of, the
lower, more generalized Bombyces, especially of the Notodontide,
Ceratocampide, Saturniide, Hemileucide, Cochliopodide, and La-
siocampide, will bring out still more striking and valuable results,
inasmuch as they, or forms near them now extinct, are believed to
be closely similar to the stem-forms from which all the higher Lepi-
doptera have probably been evolved.

The aim therefore in such studies should be—

1. To treat the larve as though they were adult, independent
animals, and to work out their specific and generic as well
as family characters.

2. To trace the origin of mimetic and protective characters, and
to ascertain the time of larval life when they are assumed,
involving—

3. The history of the development of the more specialized setx
(hairs), spines, tubercles, lines, spots, and other markings.’

1 Besides the work of Weismann, compare also the suggestive papers of H.
B. Poulton, in Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1884-88,
and my papers: Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, xxiv—v,
1890-91.

Aynats N.Y. Acap. Sci., VIII, May, 1893.—4

42 Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths.

4. To obtain facts regarding the ontogeny of our native species
and genera, which when added to what we know of the life-
histories of European, Asiatic, and South American Bom-
byces, may lead to at least a partial comprehension of the
phylogeny of the higher Lepidoptera, viz., those above the
Noctuina and Geometrina, and the Microlepidoptera.

Thus far we have obtained facts sufficient, we believe, to enable
us to make a more natural classification than heretofore of the
families or groups of the Bombyces and allied forms, and these
facts are in general, though not always, correlated with the char-
acters of the imagines. The Notodontide appear to stand at the
base of the Bombycine series, the Ceratocampide stand next above
them, and from the latter have arisen the Saturniide and the Hemi-
leucide, while the Cochliopodide may have originated from the
Saturniide, or an allied but extinct group. On the other hand, the
Lasiocampide may have been the stem-forms from which the
Liparide, Arctiide, Lithosiide, and Zygenide, with their allies,
have sprung.

In describing caterpillars, particularly those of the Bombyces, I
have been particular to distinguish between the three thoracic and
the abdominal segments, because the former usually differ in the
number, arrangement, and relative size of the tubercles, warts,
and other markings, from the abdominal segments. The warts or
tubercles also are grouped into dorsal, subdorsal, and often a supra-
spiracular (though this may in some cases be the subdorsal row)
and an infra-spiracular row or series.

The author hopes finally toembody in a monograph of the Bom-
byces, which he has in preparation, not only the following but other
descriptions. And he would be thankful to collectors and students
for the eggs and larve needed to enable him to fill up the gaps in
our present knowledge of the group, also for such specimens for
illustration ; as the aim in the final monographic work is to illus-
trate, so far as practicable, each stage of each species, the earlier
stages to be drawn enlarged to the same proportions as the full-
grown larva, or larger, when the details need such enlargement.
| have given below a list of the species and genera of which I
would like the eggs or larve in different stages, and I venture to
indulge the hope that my friends will co-operate in rendering the
work as complete as possible—for without such aid no single person
ean hope to make such a work at all complete or satisfactory.

Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths. 43

Should any one rear any of these Bombyces, with a view to
publication, I should be greatly obliged for alcoholic specimens of
the eggs and different larval stages, which might be sent after such
descriptions were published. Such specimens would be carefully
kept and returned. It will only be by such co-operation that we
shall arrive at a fair knowledge of the transformations of this ex-
tensive group."

List oF DESIDERATA IN THE COMPLETION OF THE LIFE-HISTORIES OF
THE PRINCIPAL GENERA OF BOMBYCES AND ZYGENIDA.

NOTODONTIDA.

Gluphisia lintneri, danbyi, ridenda, and any other species of this genus except

trilineata, eggs and larve of any age.
ee ee ce

L phodonta angulosa,

Datana ministra and other species, = ‘i oe

Notodonta stragula, young larva.
Nerice bidentata, eggs and larve in all stages.
Seirodonta bilineata, eggs and young larva (stages I-IV).

Heterocampa marthesia, eggs and stages I-II.

os guttivitta, eggs and stage I.

uf obliqua, eggs and all stages.

ee subalbicans, eggs and earlier stages.
Litodonta hydromeli, eggs and larve in all stages.
Cerura aquilonaris, #6 Oy oe

oe ce oe “ec

scitiscripta,

ae ce oe ce

multiscripta,

CERATOCAMPID A.

Sphingicampa, any species but bicolor, eggs and larve in all stages.

Citheronia sepulcralis, ee ue uC
SATURNIID.
Saturnia galbina, eggs and larve in all stages.
ee mendocino, ‘‘ oe a
Platysamia ceanothi, ‘‘ iG a

! It is earnestly hoped that any one receiving this article will kindly recip-
rocate by sending the eggs and larve of whichever of the following moths
they can, packed in tin boxes, tu the author at Providence, R. I., or during
July and August, at Brunswick, Maine.

44 Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths.

HEMILEUCIDA:.
Hemileuca maia, eggs and larve in all stages.
» &Ss g
“ec juno iad ee ee
d

6 yavapai, * A tc
Euleucopheus tricolor, ‘‘ Je ee
Hyperchira pamina, ‘* es be
Coloradia pandora, ‘* a cs
Quadrina diazona, “6 se 6c

COCHLIOPODIDZA.
Isa (Sisyrosea) inornata, eggs and young larva.
Limacodes scapha, os os 1
Phobetron pithecium, UG ss ub
Monoleuca semifascia, or any other species, eggs and young larve.
> . p 7 “Od Af to)
Euclea penulata, ue “6 ot 2 te
Parasa chloris, 3h at 3 ag K
Packardia elegans, es ee ce es ob
PLATYPTERICID2.

Prionia bilineata, eggs and larva in all stages.

LASIOCAMPID 45.

Thauma ribesii, eggs and larva in all stages.
Gloveria arizonensis, ‘* of sie
Gastropacha americana, and other species, eggs and larva in all stages.

Clisiocampa constricta, eggs and larva in all stages.

25 strigosa, “ “ ‘

3 erosa, ce “ ‘

se fragilis, 66 6 “
Artace punctistriga, se “ “
Tolype velleda, “ &“ ee
Tolype laricis, ‘ & Ae

LIPARID2:.

Parorgyia achatina, eggs and larva in all stages.

“ec ce ee

Laria rossii,

ARCTIIDEA,
Nemeophila, any species, eggs and larva in all stages.
Kodiosoma, es As ee i
Leptarctia, sf ss ef
Antarctia, ce a w fe
Platarctia, a * ne Lt

“ce ae ae “ec

Callimorpha,

Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths.

Hypoprepia fucosa, eggs and larva in all stages.

Crambidia pallida,
Clemensia albata,
Arqyrophyes cilicoides,
Crocota, any species,
Emydia ampla,
Ameria unicolor,
Euphanessa mendica,
Cisthene subjecta,

Cydosia aurivitta, eggs

Lycomorpha pholus, etc.,

Pyromorpha dimidiata,

ee

c

oe

Triprocris smithsonianus,

Harrisina americana,
Acoloithus falsarius,

Gnophela vermiculata, etc.

Ctenucha ochroscapus,
Scepsis fulvicollis, etc.,
Syntomeida ipomee,
Cosmosoma omphale,
Ciris wilsoni,
Psychomorpha epimenis,
Edwardsia brillians,
Alypia mariposa, etc.,
Pseudalypia crotchii,

Famity PLATYPTERICID 4.

Notes on the early stages of DRYOPTERIS ROSEA.

ce

“cc

LITHOSHD.
ce ‘é
sé “cc
ce ce
se “ec
ee ee
ce “ec
ce ce
sé ee
ZYGAINIDA:.

66

6c

and larva in all stages.
Anatolmis grotei, etc., eggs and larva in all stages.

oe

ce

ec

45

The final stage of this species was described in my paper, ‘“ Life-
history of Drepana arcuata”’ (Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xxiv, 489),
and since then Mr. Bridgham has reared it from a Viburnum (proba-

bly V. lentago), the smallest larve occurring in Providence

in the

second week in July, and representing the vernal or spring brood.

He has made excellent colored figures, from which we draw

following descriptions.
Compare also Mr. H. G. Dyar’s descriptions in Psyche v, 421,

up the

46 Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths.

and vi, 179. He thinks there are six stages, and that it hibernates
in the 4th or 5th stage.

Stage IJ?—Length 7 mm. Feeding on the ends and also eating
very ragged holes out of the side, so that the young brown larva
closely mimics the ragged portions projecting from the edge of the
hole; the tail could be easily mistaken-for one of the lower filaments of
the withered edge of the leaf. Head as wide as the body, with two
large rough finely tuberculated conical processes on the vertex; they
are more conical than those in the next stage, There are two smaller
dorsal tubercles on the prothoracic segment, and a single large flat-
tened rounded one on the 3d thoracic segment. The body tapers
slowly from the Ist thoracic segment to the tail. The skin is rough,
with four transverse rows of fine granulations on each segment,
and the body is pale brown, like a withered leaf, while the tail,
which is now simple, straight, though spinulated, is scarcely twice
as long as the body is thick on the 5th abdominal segment.

Stage I1I.—July 14. Length 10 mm. The body and the pro-
portion of the tail and the shape of the tubercles as before, but the
body is darker than before, and the tail is now concolorous with the
body. This stage corresponds to the dark brown hibernation-stage
of the autumn brood of larve.

Stage IV._July 18. Length 16mm. In this stage the charac-
teristics of the last one are assumed, though the tail is still straight,
but with two paler long rings, the base and tip being darker.
The head narrows above and ends in two conical tubercles which
are not rough as before; it is dark in front, with a distinct V-shaped
yellow clypeal spot. The body is brown, with a broad paler dorsal
stripe, which encloses the stout short tubercle on the 3d thoracic
segment, and contracts on the 3d and 4th abdominal segments.
There are two parallel oblique pale brown lateral stripes, the front
one beginning at the base of the 3d thoracic legs and extending
upwards and backwards to the hinder edge on the back of the Ist
abdominal segment; the second one of the same length and blend-
ing with the dorsal stripe on the back of the 3d abdominal segment.

The last stage (length 22 mm.) was attained July 23d. It differs
from the preceding stage chiefly in the paler head, without the con-
spicuous yellow spot, and in the tail being swollen in the middle
and slightly at the end.

Late summer brood.—Several larvee were kindly sent me by Mr.
Tallant, from Columbus, Ohio, September 10; they were found

Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths. 47

feeding on the haw. They did not molt or grow, and undoubtedly
the species hibernates in this stage.

Stage II or /1I.—Uength 6 mm.; of the tail2 mm. The head
is as wide as the body in the middle, the skin rough and warty;
the vertex ending in two high conical tuberculated protuberances
which rise high above the level of the prothoracic segment. The
head is smoother in front than on the sides, being freer from the
tubercles; it is of the same color as the body, but the two pro-
tuberances on the vertex are paler than below, corresponding to the
lighter more ashen hue of the upper side of the body. The Ist
thoracic segment with the front edge considerably raised and thick-
ened, bearing two sharply conical warted tubercles about one-half
as large as the two on the head and situated directly behind them.
The Ist is not quite so wide as the 2d thoracic segment, but it is
slightly wider than the abdominal segments, which are all of the
same width as far as and including the 6th, when the body gradu-
ally tapers to the tail, or tail-like suranal plate which forms a long
cylindrical appendage gradually tapering to the rather obtuse end;
it is tuberculated like the rest of the body, and a little darker in
some specimens; it is as long as abdominal segments 3 to 6 taken
together. The skin of the body is coarsely tuberculated, form-
ing whitish close-set granulations; the segments are transversely
wrinkled, four wrinkles to a segment, in the middle of the body.
On top of the 3d thoracic segment is an irregular rounded knob or
tubercle, the surface of which is granulated, but not differing in
color unless a shade darker. At the base of both the thoracic and
abdominal legs are short stiff depressed hairs. The color of the
entire body, including the legs, is of a uniform dark walnut-brown.

Famity PSYCHID 4.

The larva of LAcosoMA CHIRIDOTA Grote.

I am indebted to Mr. James Angus, of West Farms, New York,
and to Miss Caroline G. Soule, of Brookline, for the material (sent
in September) from which the following description has been drawn
up. See also Dr. Riley’s notes on this caterpillar! Mr. Angus

1 Fifth Report U. S. Entomological Commission, on Insects Injurious to
Forest and Shade Trees, by A. S. Packard. See (p. 141) Riley’s notes on its
habits, and his description with my description of his alcoholic specimen.

48 Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths.

writes me that his larve occurred on the swamp oak. Though
belonging to the Psychide, both in their larval structure, as well
as their cases, and the characters of the moths, the two American
genera Lacosoma and Perophora differ remarkably from the normal
members of the family. The larve of both genera live upon the oak,

In the present form the case is made by simply folding over one
oak leaf on each side of the midrib, so that it is flat, one edge being
thin, and the other full and thick. It is difficult to dislodge the
caterpillar from its roomy sack, and in this respect it is just the
reverse in its habits from the ordinary leaf-rollers; this is perhaps
due to its heavy and highly modified body, since if it had to leave
its case and drop to the earth, it would perish. Still it can readily
turn around within its roomy case. It is, as Riley states in his
brief description of the habits of Perophora melsheimerii, like the
latter ‘‘active and savage,” as when I attempted to draw it out
of its case it would vigorously bite at the end of my forceps, an
unusual trait in caterpillars. On finally removing it from its case
without injury it was very sluggish and did not stir while I was
examining it. I put it back in the box in which it was sent, and
in the course of an hour it had found its case, and had sewed up
and mended the side of its case which I had to open in order to
draw it out without injuring it, as it promised to be a difficult task
to remove it without rupturing the body.

The special and striking adaptation of this larva to its life in a
loose case, which shows that it, with Perophora, is a stem-form,
connecting the normal Psychide with ordinary Bombycine cater-
pillars, is seen in the following points :—

1. The obsolete dorsal lines and stripes of the middle of the
body, this portion not being occasionally exposed to the light, as
are the bead- and tail-end. This plainly indicates the origin of this
form from a larva which may have fed on leaves, whose body was
continuously striped from head to tail, and which had the general
habits and mode of ornamentation of larve, for example like those
of the Phycitw, which are more or less chestnut-brown, striped with
darker, and which live among leaves or masses of their castings,
and which live partly shut up from the light. The cause, then, of
the atrophy of the normal markings is the absence of light.

2. The small ‘middle abdominal legs, which owe their reduction
in size to disuse. In this respect this larva connects the apodous
Psychid caterpillars with normal ones,

Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths. 49

3. But the most striking adaptive features are: (a) the peculiar
shape of the head, and also (b) of the suranal plate, both being
steeply inclined planes, and both serving as stoppers to close each
end of the case; both being broad, rounded, and the surface not
only sloping, but also so colored as to cause it to be easily con-
founded by the observer with the exterior of the sack. This is an
adaptation in direct relation to the form of its case, and must have
been due to the transmission of acquired characters during the life-
time of its ancestors, after they had begun to construct cases.

4. The body so flattened that the spiracles can be seen from above.

Its case is not so regular in form as that of Perophora; it is
quite irregular on the edges, the midrib on one side projecting in
front and behind; it is about an inch long and three-quarters of an
inch wide.

Full-grown larva —Length 25 mm. (one inch). The bead and
body are somewhat flattened, so that the spiracles can be seen from
above. The head is large, broad, and flattened, the dorsal surface
forming a rather steeply inclined plane, like that formed by the
dorsal surface of the suranal plate. The surface of the head is
rough and corrugated. It is pale yellowish clay-brown (luteous),
mottled with dark brown on the side; but in the middle and in
front dark brown. The mandibles are dark brown, very solid and
thick at the end. The antenne are normal. There are no traces
of the remarkable bulbous appendages characteristic of Peropbora.
The labrum is dark brown. The head is as wide as the prothoracic
segment, which is narrower than the rest of the body. The 2d and
3d thoracic segments increase in breadth, while the body is thickest
just behind the middle, not decreasing in width until the 8th seg-
ment. The end of the body is broad and rounded. The suranal
plate is large, broad, and well rounded behind; with the surface
slightly convex and considerably inclined so as to form a close
stopper for the posterior opening of the case; on the dorsal surface
are two quadrant-shaped rough semi-chitinous pale, parchment-like
areas, provided with a few whitish hairs arising from minute warts.

The body is smooth, nearly hairless, the minute set being short,
erect, blunt at the end, the two largest ones being situated on the 9th
abdominal segment. The body is flesh-colored above and slightly
luteous or clay-yellow on the sides; the body in my specimen was
not quite so dark as Riley describes. The spiracles are conspicuous,
black-brown, pale in the middle. The dorsal surface of the pro-

50 Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths.

thoracic segments is occupied by a large subchitinous plate, with a
pale median line, bordered on each side by a dark shade, also fol-
lowed on each side by a broad dark band, which is continued on to
the two hinder segments, and becomes on the 1st abdominal segment
split into two faint lines. This line on the prothoracic segment is
succeeded by two oblique dark stripes, the lower one situated just
above the spiracles, and twice as long as the upper of the two. The
dorsal surface of the abdominal segments with four diffuse obsolete
dusky stripes, not reaching the 7th and 8th segments, but on the
8th and 9th segments and on the suranal plate, these lines reappear
again (since this end as well as the front end of the body is often
exposed to the light) and form two parallel much broken and irregu-
lar bands which make a chain of about six pairs of dusky spots.
The two subdorsal bands are much broader, and each form a series
of about six dusky irregular spots; the lower line partly including
the 8th spiracle. There is a broad dusky band on each side of the
thoracic segments, at the base of the legs. The middle abdominal
legs are very short, but the hooks are very numerous and form two
complete alternating circles; the anal legs are much larger than the
others, and are also pale. The thoracic legs are dusky amber in
color, the general effect however being pale.

The larva is fierce and courageous, and its unusual shape adapts
it for resisting the attacks, of birds which might endeavor to draw it
out of its case. When attacked from behind, it will turn around
quickly in its case and present its hard head to receive further
attacks; its jaws being unusually solid, with a thick cutting edge.
Moreover, even when seized, it can shorten and dilate the body, so
that when seized by forceps or by the bill of a bird it can prevent
or hinder its assailant from pulling it out of its case.

The larva of PEROPHORA MELSHEIMERII Harris.

Several specimens were received from Prof. Otto Lugger, of St.
Anthony’s Park, Minn., where it seems more common than in
southern New England. His specimens were received September
13th, and being kept in a warm room they mostly pupated, and a
male issued from the case October 31st, and a female November 4th.
She laid from 75 to 80 eggs.

Egg.—Ueneth 1.7 mm.; diameter 0.7 mm. Long and slender,
cylindrical, slightly curved; both ends alike. They are fixed by
one end, adhering by a gluey mass to the surface on which they

Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths. dl

are deposited. The shell is ornamented with a longitudinal series
of parallel fine delicate ribs, between which are cross ribs, parallel
and very near together; on the upper (micropylar?) end of the egg
are faintly marked, rude, slightly raised polygonal cells, and at the
extreme end is a group of more raised smaller areas. Color yellow.

It will be interesting to examine the freshly hatched larva, and I
should be greatly obliged for a lot of fertilized eggs.

Young larva.—Length 9 mm. It is now of the same general
shape and colors as the full-grown worm. The head is dark chest-
nut, as is the now well-developed prothoracic shield. The shape and
pale color of the end of the body are as in the fully-grown worm.

The case is at this time very irregular, much more so than that
of the fully-grown larva; it is lined with silk, with which the
‘“frass”’ or casting are somewhat intermixed.

The case of the worm in the last stage is about an inch anda
quarter long, and half an inch wide; it is flattened cylindrical, and
formed of two leaves properly trimmed and sewed together; the
midrib of each half extending along near the middle of each surface.
Each end of the case is closed after preparation by an orbicular flat
silken lid, fastened all around.

Full-fed larva.—Length 30 to 38 mm., when retracted about 15
or 20 mm. The head is large, about as wide as the prothoracic
segment; somewhat flattened in front on the face, which forms a
declivity adapted to form a stopper to the opening of its sack; the
cuticle is dense black, deeply rugose and corrugated, especially on
each side of the clypeus; the region of the vertex is rough and
coarsely punctured, but without the irregular furrows of the ante-
rior region or face. The mouth-parts are all black; the mandibles
unusually thick and strong, and rounded on the cutting edge. The
antenne are very extensile, long, thick, and well developed. But
this larva is especially remarkable for new structures not known to
exist in any other caterpillars, viz., a pair of long appendages, the
use of which is quite unknown. They arise by a slender stalk
behind and a little above the eyes, on each side of the head; the
base is cylindrical, but the appendage soon becomes flattened or
compressed, and flattened bulbous at the end. The structures are
brittle, not flexible, and they easily break off; they are about as
long as the head.

The prothoracie segment is dorsally black-brown, solid, chitinous,
thick, smooth and shining, forming an unusually solid shield, which

52 Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths.

is crossed by fine impressed lines; there is a pale median line. The
2d and 3d thoracic segments are slightly wider than the prothoracie.
The abdominal segments gradually increase in width to the end of
the 8th segment. The skin is covered with coarse and dense granu-
lations, and in general is of a dark brown walnut-color, but paler
on the 2d and 3d thoracic and 1st and 2d abdominal segments, these
being dull flesh-colored, and faintly showing two parallel dorsal and
two wider subdorsal dark-brown stripes, which become obsolete on
the 3d and succeeding abdominal segments. The whitish granula-
tions are less dense on the 3d and succeeding segments than on the
front or striped portion.of the body.

The terminal segments of the body are singularly modified; when
retracted the body is thickest in the region of the 5th and 6th seg-
ments, but when extended to its full length the 8th abdominal seg-
ment is as wide as any; the hind edge of this latter segment is
raised into a high, thick, pale flesh-colored fold, which takes the
place of the suture between the 8th and 9th segments. The 9th
segment is remarkably large and specially modified, having a sub-
lunate dorsal surface, and separated by a slight, sometimes well-
marked, ridge from the suranal plate; this ridge is not directly
transverse, but is composed of three curvilinear portions, a middle
and two lateral ones. The suranal plate is not quite so wide as
the 9th segment, but very large, broad, rounded, with the edge a
little thickened and the surface rapidly sloping downward and back-
ward; the surface of this (10th) and the 9th segment taken together
form an admirable and perfect stopper, or back door, closing the end
of the case. The skin on this portion is (evidently from frequent
use) dense and thickened, and further strengthened by the granula-
tions, which all over the 9th segment and the suranal plate are
densely crowded, extending on to the middle of the upper or dorsal
surface of the 8th segment. This portion of the 8th segment is
pale flesh-colored (without any rosy or pink tint) and is concolor-
ous with the pale hue of the 9th segment together with the 10tb,
or suranal plate. The impressed lines and punctures of this region
are more or less blackish.

The body beneath on the anterior half is dark brown, becoming
paler behind. The thoracic legs are black; the abdominal ones of
the same color as the segments bearing them, with the addition of
a slight reddish tint and with a chitinous light pitchy piece above
the plante. On top of each thoracic segment are two dark minute

ES —_= —— ——

Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths. 53

piliferous warts, but on abdominal segments 1 to 7 are four piliferous
warts arranged in a trapezoid, and they are black, flattened, and
more or less radiate in appearance.

The body is not quite so much flattened as in Lacosoma, so that
the spiracles are not so distinctly seen from above as in that genus;
they are black, those on the 8th abdominal segment about one-third
larger than those on the 7th segment, and they are more easily
seen from above.

Compared with Lacosoma, Perophora differs in the presence of
the singular appendages of the head, in the broader, flatter, more
inclined face, the perfectly black prothoracie shield, which in Laco-
soma is banded, and is not black and opaque; in the presence of
whitish granulations, Lacosoma being without any; in the 9th
abdominal segment being without any suture, but on the contrary
having a ridge instead, where in Lacosoma the 9th segment is nor-
mal, being separated by a well-marked suture from the 8th segment,
and also separated by a suture from the suranal plate. In Pero-
phora the suranal plate is more highly specialized and modified,
broader, and granulated. Also the bands on the end of the body of
Perophora are entirely effaced, while they are retained in Lacosoma.

Thus Lacosoma is, as regards the larval characters, the less modi-
fied genus, and is more like the larve of the normal Psychide, such
as (ceticus and Thyridopteryx.

As the females of the two genera mentioned are winged like the
males, they are evidently in this respect, as well as in the larval
characters, less modified and more generalized Lepidoptera than
the true Psychide, and they should for these reasons be referred to
a distinct subfamily of the group, which may be called Lacosomine.

The adaptational characters of Perophora are the following :—

1. The large, solid, dark head serving to stop up the anterior
entrance to its case.

2. The consolidation of the 9th and 10th abdominal segments,
the entire dorsal surface forming a solid, firm, oblique surface tu
close the posterior, or, in fact, either opening of its case, and thus
to resist the attacks of insectivorous birds.

3. The wonderful power of shortening its body and thus dilating
it so as to enable it to retain its pore in its case and prevent its
being drawn out by birds.

4. Its stout jaws enable it to bite firmly.

5. Its unusually fierce and courageous disposition, undoubtedly

54 Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths.

developed as the result of successfully withstanding the attacks of
birds.

Pupa, $.—Length 12 to 13 mm. It is moderately stout, and
differs considerably from the normal shape. The head is armed
with two stout curved high prominent ridges, converging in front
and nearly meeting and almost touching the apex of the raised very
distinct clypeus. On the prothoracic segment is a high thin median
dorsal ridge; the continuation of it on the rest of the thorax is low,
but rather more marked than usual. The sutures between the six
basal abdominal segments form deep dorsal furrows, the front edge
of which is raised, with a row of teeth projecting over the furrow,
the hinder edge of which is toothed, but the teeth form rather long
straight ridges The end of the body is blunt or docked, and armed
with four small spines on each side, two of them on the outside near
together. On the surface of the 9th segment are a few minute sharp
spines. The head and thorax are a little darker than the abdomen,
the body in general being of the usual chestnut or mahogany-brown,

Notes on the habits of the newly-hatched larva of
THYRIDOPTERYX EPHEMERASFORMIS.

The habits of the freshly-hatched larva of this insect have already
been well described by Dr. Riley in his Bulletin No. 10, Division
of Entomology, on Shade-tree Pests, U. S. Dept. Agr., Washing-
ton, and the following observations may serve to supplement his.

From eggs kindly sent me by Dr. Riley, the larve hatched in a
warm room April 17th; they were found late at night, 11 o’clock,
in large numbers in a box on my study table and had eaten little
holes in the cloth covering. On the next morning some of them
had begun to make hat-like loose cases of the bits of cloth and
paper. One in particular, enclosed in a corked vial, had bitten out
rather large round mouthfuls or pellets of the cork and fastened
the bits together by silken threads, forming a loose sheet or rug-
like mass, in which the larva rolled about so as loosely to attach
itself to the silken threads, the mass forming a rude band encircling
the end of the body. One was seen to lie on its back in a rude
heap of the cork pellets, and by rolling over in it had formed a wide
girdle or loose band which nearly met around the body, the gap
across the metathoracie tergite being filled up in three or four
minutes more by three or four bits of cork (see Riley’s Fig. 8, c, d);
during this process the little restless creature would lie om its back

Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths. 55

and sometimes on its side, occasionally stopping to bite out with its
jaws additional pieces of the cork.

They appareutly do not take food until their case is completed.
In ten minutes this narrowest part on the back of the thorax was
three times as wide as at first, there being three rows of chips, the
case being nearly half completed in about half an hour.

During this operation the head constantly moved to and fro, the
labial spinneret giving out the silk thread, and fastening the cork
pellets together, the insect stopping now and then to bite off new
pieces of cork.

In 26 minutes from the time the band was bridged over by one
pellet, the case was so far completed that only the end of the body
projected out of it, and now instead of lving down on its side or
back, the tail or end of the short body was held more or less erect,
and was either withdrawn or pushed out, the basket-like case being
built out or added to on the anterior edge. I could finally see the
edge of the hole at the bottom of the basket drawn in by the
crotchets of the anal legs. To steady itself it would extend and
withdraw the terminal half of the body while completing the case.

In walking the third pair of legs are both moved together simul-
taneously, like a fork, and are extended forwards as if all of one
piece, thus propping up the body, while the two anterior pairs are
moved,

In one hour it had begun to walk around the end of the cork,
having been previously busied with making its case. I should
estimate that in general it requires between one and two hours for
a larva of this age to construct its basket.

Famity LIPARID A”.

The life-history of ORGyIA ANTIQUA (Linn.).

The eggs, kindly sent from Salem, Mass., by Miss Mary Nichols,
hatched May 15th. The larva was described May 18th. The second
molt took place the morning of the 22d, the third molt on the
morning of May 26th; the molts being nearly simultaneous in the
brood. I fed it on Wisteria, at Providence, R. I.

Egg.—Length .8-1 mm. Short, broadly cylindrical. The upper
end which the larva breaks off on hatching is depressed or crater-
like with a thick swollen edge around it. The surface under a
triplet is seen to be not very highly polished and closely pitted,

56 Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths.

and under a 43-inch objective the shell is seen to be coarsely, deeply
and irregularly pitted, the hexagonal shape of the edge of the pits
being nearly effaced. The larva often after hatching eats more or
less of the shell.

Larva, stage [—Wength 4mm. Head black, two-thirds as wide
as the body. The prothoracic segment is as wide as the body
behind; it is black above in the middle; on each side is a large
reddish-ochreous tubercle directed obliquely outward and giving
rise to about twelve long, mostly blackish (a few gray): hairs,
which, like all the others, are finely spinulated. The other two
thoracic segments are. pale flesh-colored with a whitish tint, with
a transverse row of blackish-brown piliferous warts, of which the
two in the middle are much smaller than the one on each side.
Abdominal segments 1-4 dark varnish-brown, with large dark
piliferous warts; segment 5th colored like the 2d and 3d thoracic,
being whitish-greenish pale carneous, with two minute but con-
spicuous piliferous warts. The three following segments with the
general color, tubercles, and hairs as on abdominal segments 1—4.
On segment 8 is a roundish dark dorsal patch enclosing two dorsal
blackish piliferous warts, the skin bordering the patch being reddish-
carneous. The lateral row of black hairs and those at each end are
about three-fourths as long as the body; the longest hairs, a pair
on each segment, arise from the sides of the prothoracic and 8th
abdominal segments. The eversible glands in this stage are not
noticeable and are not seen unless attention is specially called to
them; only the one on the 6th abdominal segment is to be distinctly
seen, that on the 7th segment is less apparent and not bright
colored. Duration of the stage 7 to 8 days.

Larva, stage IJ.—WLength 6-8 mm., varying somewhat in size.
Head black. The two lateral prothoracie tubercles are now very
large, pale coral-red on the basal two-thirds, black at the end, the
hairs arising from them are black. On the top between the tuber-
cles is a large black patch. The top of the 2d thoracic segment is
whitish, but the small dorsal tubercles, which are unequal in size,
are dark. The top of the 3d thoracic segment is pale, whitish,
bordered with ochreous, and bearing small pale piliferous warts.
Abdominal segments 1-4 are velvety black on the back, edged with
a narrow ochreous line, each segment bearing two large black pilif-
erous warts. The body is now a little humped over the Ist and 2d
abdominal segments. The dth segnient is yellowish-white above,

Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths. 57

with piliferous warts of the same size. Behind this segment the
body above is blackish, with a subdorsal line on each side, which
unite on the 9th segment, which is above pale ochreous. The body
beneath is livid. The thoracic legs are blackish, the abdominal legs
pale livid: Many of the dorsal thoracic and lateral abdominal hairs
are pale gray. The two eversible glands are now bright coral-red,
as bright colored and as distinct as in the final stages. At the end
of this stage, just before the molt, there are visible a few feathery
black hairs on the inner side of the two dorsal tubercles of the 8th
abdominal, and in some individuals they are present on the inner
side of the dorsal tubercles on the Ist and 2d abdominal segments.

Larva, stage IJ7.—Length 10 mm. At first the larva is scarcely
larger than in the preceding stage just previous to molting. The
head is black as before. The lateral prothoracic tubercles are pale
Indian-red with black between them, ana give off a pencil of puume-
like hairs, thickest at the end. This and the other pencils are as
well developed proportionally as in the full-fed larva. The top of
the 2d and 3d thoracic segments white and edged with ochre as
before. The four median dorsal tufts, one each on the four basal
abdominal segments, are now well developed, the two in front being
dark smoky-brown, the two behind snow-white, the 4th one being
somewhat smaller than those in front. The 5th segment is white
above, ochreous on the side, as in stage II. The 8th segment bears
a thick long tuft of black feathery hairs, as well developed in pro-
portion as in the adult. The row of largest lateral tubercles is now
conspicuous, the warts being bright flesh-colored instead of black,
as before. The hairs, especially along* the sides of the body, are
denser, more numerous, than before.

Note.—Two days later, in a few, the two anterior dorsal median
abdominal tufts have faded almost white, while the two posterior
are straw-yellow. In most, however, the two anterior tufts remain
black, the two posterior ones having changed to straw yellow.
Length of stage about 5 days.

Stage IV.—Molted May 31st, some as late as June Ist. Length
17mm. The chief change is that each of the four dorsal tufts has
now become pale buff-yellow, though immediately after molting the
two anterior tufts are at first dusky, gradually becoming paler. The
subdorsal rows of these tubercles on each side are coral-red, and the
upper lateral row of piliferous warts are now bright coral-red, while
lower down there is a small bright yellow dot, one on each segment

Annauts N. Y. Acap. Scr., VIII, May, 1893.—5

58 Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths.

between the piliferous warts. A small slender white lateral pencil
on 3d thoracic segment, and a thicker black one on Ist abdominal
segment of about the same length. The other black pencils are a
little longer than before. The 2d and 3d thoracic segments have a
pair of small dorsal yellow transverse slashes on each side, and the
dorsal tubercles on these two segments are bright yellow and very
conspicuous. The prothoracic piliferous tubercles are still bright
Indian-red. The lateral pale hairs along the body are whiter and
denser than before. The head is black, not coral-red as in O. leu-
costigma.

June 7th several began to spin a cocoon ($?). June 8th, 4 or 5
cocoons. The 2 larve were still molting June 14th; none yet in
cocoon; I think the ? larva must molt oftener than the %.

Variation in the four dorsal tufts of last stage: Some are all
cream-white, others are buff-yellow, in others the 2 anterior dusky,
and 2 posterior buff-yellow, and in one specimen of the 2 anterior
tafts, one is dusky and the 2 posterior are snow-white.

Of 12 cocoons, all up to June 15th seemed to be &. June 18th,
2 % moths appeared !

Fig. 1.

a

“One of the black plumose hairs taken from a lateral prothoracic
tuft is represented at Fig. 1; a, portions of a simple, spinulated hair.

Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths. 59

Recapitulation of appearance of early larval features.

1. Appearance in stage III of the pencils on the prothoracic and
8th abdominal segments.

2. The four median dorsal tufts on the four basal abdominal seg-
ments well developed in stage III.

3. The warts of the lateral row become bright flesh-red in stage
Til.

4. The two dorsal eversible glands become bright coral-red in
stage II. Thus, all the features of the full-grown larva, such as
the high colors and the white and black tufts or pencils, which
render it so conspicuous, appear in the 3d stage.

The early stages of OrGYIA LEUCOsTIGMA (Abbot and Smith).

Larva, stage I.—(Drawn up from alcoholic specimens from Dr.
Riley.) Length 3.5 mm. The head is small and not so wide as
the body. It is deep chitinous or amber-ochreous. The body is
rather long and slender, cylindrical, pale yellowish flesh color, with
two broad irregular, dark, more or less broken subdorsal lines,
which are most distinct on the abdominal segments, the space
between the lines being sometimes irregularly bridged over by
offshoots from the main lines.

The 1st thoracic segment is slightly wider and larger than those
behind it, but looks larger than it really is from the pair of very
large lateral piliferous tubercles which cause the larva to resemble
that of a Clisiocampa or rather a Gastropacha. These tubercles are
large, prominent, and rounded, bearing about 20 spinulated hairs of
varying length, the longest being about two-thirds as long as the
body. All the hairs are brown, some being paler and taper to a
point. There are no clavate hairs on the body. The piliferous
tubercles on the 2d and 3d thoracic tubercles corresponding to the
lateral prothoracic ones above described are slightly smaller than
those on the succeeding or abdominal segments; the latter, 7. e., the
subdorsal ones arising from the dark subdorsal lines, all being of
the same size. The two subdorsal lines run between two rows of
tubercles, the inner row being one of the two dorsal median rows ;
the tubercles of these two median rows are much smaller than the
outer rows, the latter set being a continuation of the large protho-
racie “lateral” ones. Now those of the two medio-dorsal rows are
small in front, but become larger on the 6th, 7th, and especially the

/

60 Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths.

8th abdominal segment, giving a slightly humped appearance to
this segment, from which the body falls off to the anal tip. There
is no prothoracic shield.

The rudimentary eversible glands are difficult to detect. I can
not with a Tolles triplet or 4 in. objective detect them on the 6th
and 7th segments. They must be rudimentary and much smaller
than any of the tubercles and must be colorless.

It will be observed that in this stage when the larve are small,
they show none of the markings of the later stages, not needing
the danger signals, though they are undoubtedly thinned out at
this time by insects and birds.

Stage I7.—(Found on Wisteria, June 15th.) Length 5 mm.
Head not so wide as the body. Prothoracic segment very wide,
with two very large prominent lateral tubercles extending out as
far as the front of the head, and each bearing a short black pencil
which is not so long as the body is wide. Yellow hairs project
over the head from the front edge of the prothoracic segment; they
are unequal in length, the longest ones being nearly as long as the
worm itself. The body is blackish, the lateral black line of stage I
being now very broad; connected by a black band on the hinder
edge of the prothoracic segment, while the end of the body is black
above and encloses the two retractile pale yellowish papille. From
the 2d thoracic to the 5th abdominal segment extends an irreguiar
broad yellowish band ending in a broad squarish, yellowish patch,
free from papille, and situated on the 5th abdominal segment. The
front edge of the Ist thoracic segment is luteous. The sides of the
body low down and beneath are greenish, with a faint yellowish tinge.

Stage ITI.—( Observed June 17th.) Length 6-7, and at end of
stage,10 mm. Jt has now assumed the characters of the last stage.
The head is at first amber-colored, afterwards deepening. There
are two dark pencils 4 as long as the body, and 4 white tufts, one
each on the first four abdominal segments. The two eversible
glands are now coral-red. A velvety-black dorsal band extending
from and enclosing the white tufts to the end of the body. The
sides of the body are of a peculiar bluish-gray. A dense anal tuft
arises from the 8th abdominal segment, giving rise to feathered hairs
like those on the full-fed larva, but not so well developed. Most of
the other hairs are whitish, some of them dark.

Fig. 2 represents the end of a black plumose hair from a protho-
racic tuft in the last stage; a, a similar hair of stage III, showing

Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths. 61

the simpler shape, with much fewer plumules; b, the end of an ordi-
nary spinulated hair.

Fig. 2.

S

For comparison a plumose hair of Parorgyia parallela is repre-
sented in Fig. 3; a, a hair taken from the dorsal tuft on the 8th
abdominal segment; 6, a very long and slender hair from a pro-
thoracic tuft; c, the base of b; d a spike-like spinulated seta inter-
mingled with the plumose hairs of the dorsal tuft.

Recapitulation of the more salient ontogenetic features.

1. The two dorsal eversible glands become bright coral-red in
stage IIT.

2. Appearance in stage III of the lateral prothoracic pencils, and
of the 4 dorsal abdominal tufts.

3. The dense dorsal tuft on the 8th abdominal segment, consist-

62 Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths.

ing of feathered hairs, is well developed in stage III, though not
so large in proportion as in the final stage.

Fig. 3.

Notes on the transformations of Oreyra cana Hy. Edwards.

Mr. Dyar has already given a detailed description of the life-
history of this species in Psyche, VI, No. 189, January, 1892. He
describes seven larval stages. The following notes are based on a
brood hatched from eggs kindly sent me by Mr. Dyar from the
Yosemite Valley, September 25th; they hatched in Providence on
the 30th of the May following, and fed on young tender oak leaves.
I publish them as they contain references to the glandular hairs
and a few points not noticed by Mr. Dyar.

Larva, stage —Length 3 mm. Head, body, and hairs all black,
except the hairs situated low down on the sides, where they are gray.
The pair of lateral piliferous tubercles on the sides of the protho-
racic segment is very distinct and prominent. All the hairs (except
those low down on the sides of the body, where they are gray) are
black, and of the same general length as in the freshly hatched
larva of O. leucostigma. Two days after hatching the body is

,

Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths. 63

slightly longer and somewhat paler, especially on the 2d and 3d
thoracic segments, and on the 5th, 6th, and 7th abdominal seg-
ments, but the piliferous tubercles are black, and contrast with the
livid black color of the segments. The dorsal tubercles on the 5th,
6th, and 7th abdominal segments are situated on a pale straw-yel-
lowish field, as seen under a 4-inch objective.

The shorter hairs on these three abdominal segments bear and
are enveloped by drops of a clear fluid; but these drops were not
seen on the hairs of the other segments,

I was unable to detect on the living larva placed under a 4-inch
objective the dorsal eversible glands, but I could see five or six
bulbous pediculate processes, which are most numerous on the back
of the 7th abdominal segment. The fluid envelops the hairs, and
is evidently exuded from them; on the other hand, the hairs situated
on the other segments both in front and behind do not exude the
fluid.

End of stage I.—About five days after hatching and just before
the first molt. Length 5 mm. The body is now paler than before,
livid, and marbled above and on the sides with white, with a vel-
lowish patch on the hind edge of the prothoracic segment, which
grows wider backwards covering the back (tergum) of the 3d thora-
cic segment. On each of the 5th, 6th, and 7th abdominal segments
is a dorsal yellowish patch, more distinct than in the early part of
this stage. The glandular hairs are as at first, being especially
developed on segment 7, where six are seen, and there are no signs
of the eversible glands.

Stage I[.—June 6th. Length 4-6 mm. All the larve with two
distinct corat-red eversible glands on the 6th and 7th abdominal
segments, and the short dorsal black tufts have appeared The head
is still entirely black. The yellow patches on the thoracic and the
5th abdominal segment are as before. The piliferous tubercles are
still black, the body dull livid, marbled with dull porcelain whitish.
A few white hairs arise from the dorsal surface of the thoracic seg-
ments, and a few from the dorsal surface of the 2d and 3d abdominal
segments. The lateral tubercles on the prothoracic segment are
large and prominent, but there are as yet no long lateral or dorsal
pencils, though on the 2d and 3d abdominal segments is a pair of
short thick dorsal tufts, but none on the other segments.

On June 7th A. M. the larva had increased to 8-9 mm. in length,
_and the white bairs were more conspicuous.

64 Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths.

Stage III.—Molted the second time June 10th. Length 11 mm.
Now the pair of prothoracic black pencils formed of feathered
hairs, and a short thick dorsal one on the 8th abdominal segment have
appeared. Two snow-white dorsal tufts, one on the 3d'and a much
smaller one on the 4th abdominal segment are now present. The
dorsal and subdorsal warts on the abdominal segments are now
bright rust-red, and very conspicuous. The body is jet-black, and
there are no lateral tufts. The white hairs on the sides of the body
are longer and more numerous and dense than before. The generic
characters are nearly all assumed at this stage, as in the other
species.

Stage IV.—June 15th-17th, molted again. Length, without the
pencils, 15 mm. The head is still black, with a whitish labrum.
There are two Jong black prothoracic pencils of feathered bairs, and
a single median dorsal one on the 8th abdominal segment. Two
brown-black tufts on abdominal segments 1, 2, each, succeeded by
a white dorsal tuft on the 3d, and one on the 4th segment. The
piliferous warts are now brighter red. Most of the hairs are white.
The yellow patches on the thoracic and on the 5th abdominal seg-
ments are distinct. It is now a gaily marked caterpillar.

Last stage.—(July 12th.) Length 18-20 mm. The head is
entirely black, except the labrum, which is yellow. The body is
black, with faint yellowish patches along the sides, but along the
back deep velvety black. A pair of stout prothoracic pencils. No
lateral pencils; a thick medio-dorsal oblique black pencil. The head
is partly concealed from above by a thin broad sheet of white hairs
arching over from the prothoracic segment. There are 4 thick short
dorsal black tufts of the usual wedge-shaped form, the outer hairs
on the base being white, though the 2 anterior tufts are in one
example tawny, and in the centre black, while the two posterior
tufts are white, the central hairs being somewhat buff-colored. The
piliferous warts are bright brick-red, but not of so bright a coral-
red hue as the two dorsal eversible glands. The hairs arising from
the piliferous warts are white, with scattered black ones, all, as
usual, radiating, and of different lengths. There is a brown and
yellow dorsal spot and two unequal subdorsal ones on each side of
abdominal segments 4 to 7. There are four flattened broad dorsal
piliferous warts on the front edge of the prothoracic segment, and
which are reddish-yellow behind. A pair of yellow dorsal spots
on the front edge of the metathoracic segment. A broken yellow

Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths. 65

lateral line, or rather a series of curved broad bright sulphur-yellow
spots each situated on the sutures between the two lateral piliferous
warts; these are especially noticeable on the abdominal segments.

The cocoon.—One July 10th. It is rather broad and rounded,
whitish, with numerous yellow hairs, some white ones, and a few
black ones mixed with them. Just where these yellow hairs come
from I do not understand, as there are none on the larva, unless
they have changed in color since death.

The first larval stage of OnGYIA DEFINITA Packard.

This stage has already been described by Mr. Dyar in Psyche,
VI, September, 1891, 145.

They hatched June 19th—-2tst. The freshly hatched larva differs
from the other species in being pale whitish, tawny, or luteous.
The body is almost white, including all the legs. The head is pale
honey-yellow. The body is a little flattened, with the prothoracic
tubercles large and prominent. The hairs are all pale tawny, with
no dark ones; those on the sides of the body and at each end very
long, some of them rather longer than the body. Otherwise the
larva is of the same general shape, and without tufts or pencils or
eversible glands, as in the freshly hatched larve of the other species
of the genus.

Famity ARCTIID A.

The transformations of HALESIDOTA CARY Harris.

The latest and fullest description of the different stages is by
Miss C. G. Soule in Psyche (VI, 158); she states that the larva
molted six times. Mr. Dyar gives nine stages (Psyche, V, 422).

A batch of eggs received from Mr. H. Meeske hatched June 19th,
A. M.; all (over a hundred) hatching nearly simultaneously. The
freshly hatched worms devour a part of the empty egg-shell, before
beginning to feed. They feed well on the elm, also will eat the
leaves of the wild cherry and chestnut. It is a remarkably beauti-
ful and conspicuous caterpillar.

Egg.—Diameter 0.8 mm. Hemispherical in shape, the dome
rather high; green when first laid. The shell is very thin and glassy,
when empty reflecting the colors of the rainbow; the surface is
smooth, and under a }-inch objective is seen to be indistinctly pitted

66 Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths.

with shallow polygonal areas, with an indistinct very slightly raised
edge. The micropyle forms a distinct rosette at the apex of the
dome, composed of oval wedge-shaped areas. The larva escapes
through a wide elliptical opening, and does not invariably eat up
its shell.

Larva, stage .—Uength 2.5 mm. Described two or three hours
after hatching. The head is very large and black, much wider than
the body, which is pale livid flesh-color, with chestnut-brown warts,
which are not so dark as the head. The prothoracic shield is large
and broad, crescentiform. On the 2d thoracic segment are two
double transverse warts, with a minute median wart between. On
the 3d thoracic segment the two corresponding warts are less united,
the inner ones larger than the outer, and sometimes a faint minute
median one is indicated. The four dorsal warts on each abdominal
segment are arranged in a trapezoid. Each wart bears a single
hair. Suranal plate transversely elliptical. Duration of stage I
about ten days (that of Miss Soule’s brood about 6 days).

Stage IT.—Described three or four days after the first molt, length
4mm. The body is now pale, almost whitish-carneous, the head
and warts strongly contrasting with the hue of the body. Usually
but one, and no more than two hairs arise from the warts, and the
hairs on the thoracic and last abdominal segments are longer than
those in the middle of the body. The head is black and the protho-
racic shield and warts are blackish-brown.

Towards the end of the stage (July 2) the larvee are still grega-
rious. Length 6 mm. The head is now black, not so wide as
the body, which is pale whitish as before, with black tubercles and
whitish tubercles, a few longer hairs at each end of the body; they
are sparse, with a few black ones intermingled. The warts are all
black, with only from 1 to 3 hairs arising from each one. Duration
of stage II about 10 days (duration stated by Miss Soule about
7 days).

Stage IJI.—Length 10 mm., becoming 13-14 mm. Described
July 12th. The body is now thick, tapering at each end, shining
pearly-white, with large black tubercles from which arise white
hairs, of very unequal length, most of the longest ones equalling
the diameter of the body; a few others, one from the side of each
segment, being twice as long as any of the others. On 2d thoracic
segment is a slender lateral black pencil of hairs, not so long as the
body is thick, containing a single black hair which is twice as long

Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths. 67

as the others. On each abdominal segment (1-8) is a pair of
- dorsal short, slender black pencils crossing each other, and arising
from the forward pair of tubercles; there being none on the thoracic
segments. All the legs, thoracic and abdominal, are black. As late
as July 18th many were molting into this stage, having spun a
carpet of silk on which to rest, and in which to fix their crochets
during the process of exuviation.

Stage 1V.—Length 18-20 mm. The body is now much larger
and thicker than before, but the arrangement of the bairs and their
color are as before, and the tubercles are of the same dark tint.

Full-fed larva, stage V.—Described September 25th. Length
35-38 mm. The head is entirely jet-black. The body is of a deli-
eate pale bluish-white, with the sutures in front broadly painted with
black, with irregular black spots and lines between the tubercles,
which are also black. The body is entirely concealed from above
by the very dense hairs, while on the sides the verticils are not so
dense and the body appears through them. On the back the hairs
are dense and evenly trimmed, while on the sides they are quite
uneven. The hairs are in general snow-white, those on the sides
spreading out widely, as in the other species. On the Ist abdomi-
nal segment is a pair of high, slender, lateral black pencils; and
another pair slightly shorter on the 7th segment. Along the back
is a series of 8 double wedge-shaped black median dorsal tufts, on
each side of which and between which on each side is a subdorsa]
row of transverse linear black marks, forming the center of trans-
versely elongated tubercles, the hairs radiating obliquely so as to
leave the top of the tubercles exposed. On the sides is a series of
round black tubercles, with several irregular black spots scattered
below; still below which is a series of smaller lateral black tuber-
cles giving rise to white hairs. A few black hairs on top of the
thoracic segments and more dorsal black ones arise from the end
of the body, some of them forming two slight pencils, each con-
sisting of about 9 or 10 black uneven hairs.

The life-history of HaLEstpora MACULATA (Harris).

I found the young larve from stage II to the full-grown larvee
feeding on poplar at Brunswick, Maine. Those in stage II occurred
on the under side of the leaf, August 5-7.

Stage I —Length 7mm. The head is black, nearly as wide as
the body, which is straw-yellow, with a black prothoracic shield,

68 Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths.

which is moderately large, rounded on the sides in front, but angu-
lar on each side behind. The rather large tubercles in general bear
from one dozen to two dozen spinose hairs. On the Ist abdominal
segment is a large conspicuous transverse oval black spot, bearing
a piliferous tubercle from which an irregular tuft of black hairs
arises, and another on each side of the same segment also sending
off a tuft of black hairs. On the 7th segment is a similar large con-
spicuous black swollen double wart. There is a large double dorsal
black wart on the 8th segment from which arises a double black
tuft. There are five black lunate warts on the side of abdominal
segments 2-7, and on each of these segments are four dark greenish
dorsal warts arranged ina trapezoid. The dorsal black tufts present
in the next stage are not yet indicated, as the hairs in general are
pale yellowish. The larva in this stage is a very conspicuous
object, but yet very different from the full-fed larva. The thoracic
and abdominal legs are blackish, the four pairs of middle abdominal
legs paler.

Stage I7Z.—August 10th to 18th. Length 13 mm. The char-
acters of the full-grown larva are attained in this stage. The head
is black, as wide as the body, which is now entirely concealed by
the hairs, the latter arranged in dense bunches and of unequal
length. A few long white hairs arise from the Ist to 3d thoracic
segments; the other hairs are straw-vellow, except a row of eight
double median dorsal black tufis, the first and last ones much larger
than the others. There is a pair of lateral thick black pencils on
the Ist and 8th abdominal segments. The tubercles giving rise to
these pencils are surrounded by black, and there is a broad black
lateral broken band connecting the black patches on the Ist and 8th
abdominal segments; elsewhere the skin is pale. (In one specimen
the broad lateral black band is wanting.) The generic characters
appear in this stage.

Final stage.—September 3d, Maine. Length, when at rest,
25 mm. Body blackish, densely covered with deep lemon-yellow
hairs so that it cannot be seen when the larva is at rest; they are
longer on the sides than on the back, so that, as in the other species
of the genus, the larva appears a little broader than high. Head
black, clypeus and antenne whitish; the head in general is provided
with sparse unequal black hairs. The hairs on the thoracic seg-
ments are all lemon-yellow above, and low down on the sides they
are also usually yellow, though sometimes black, according to

a

Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths. 69

Saunders. On abdominal segments 1 to 8 is a row of eight double
dorsal black tufts, appearing as if single wedge-shaped tufts; the
first tuft is higher and narrower than the others; the 7th one much
shorter and wider, the others in front gradually becoming more like
it in shape, going backwards. A pair of lateral black tufts on the
Ist and 7th abdominal segments, projecting slightly beyond the
yellow hairs; the hinder pair is a little thicker than the front pair.
From the thoracic segments arise about six slender long white
pencils composed of few hairs which are nearly as long as the body
is thick, and of uneven length. On the 8th and 9th segments are
(in all) three pairs of similar pale, whitish, very slender tufts. The
abdominal feet are pale livid; the thoracic feet are black.

For the sixth and seventh (last) stages, with a description of the
cocoon and pupa, see Dyar (Psyche, VI, 165).

Life-history of Hanisipora TESSELLATA (Abbot and Smith).

The following notes were made while watching the development
of a brood found feeding socially on the under side of a white ash
leaflet at Brunswick, Maine, August 12th. The brood had evidently
all undergone their first molt. When disturbed they fell off and
let themselves down by a thread. (Since these notes were prepared
Mr. H. G. Dyar has published in Psyche, VI, 164, descriptions of
all the stages (nine) of this larva; but without giving measurement
of the length of the larva, though careful measurements of the head
are given. )

Stage JJ.—Length 6 mm. The body is rather broad and flat-
tened, slightly decreasing in width to the end. The head is shin-
ing black, nearly as wide as the body. The body is greenish-yellow,
with a livid hue; it is yellow on the three thoracic segments, and
on the 8th abdominal. The piliferous warts are large, black, con-
spicuous, giving rise to sparse radiating bunches of grayish-white
hairs of unequal length. Some of the dorsal hairs are blackish, and
of these about half a dozen arising from the thoracic segments, and
two from the 8th abdominal segments are about half as long as the
body, the longest ones, however, occurring on the thoracic region
of the body.

Stage 11[.—Length 12 to 15 mm. (Described soon after exuvi-
ation.) Now the generic characters are assumed. The head is
entirely black, except the front of the clypeus, the lobes of the
labrum, and the basal joint of the antenne, which are white. ‘The

70 Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths.

body is in general black, honey-yellow on the sides, including the
abdominal legs. The dorsal warts emit short radiating even white
hairs; those low down on the sides spreading and much longer and
more uneven. From the second thoracic segment long white hairs
project over the head, with several black ones on each side. Prom
the third thoracic segment arise two subdorsal oblique distinct black
fufts. On abdominal segments 7 and 8 is a short conical double
black dorsal tuft, that on the 8th segment twice as large as the one
on the 7th segment, and from each side of the same segment pro-
jects a black pencil ; among the black hairs composing the pencil is .
a white hair longer than any of the others. The base of the tuber-
cle, from which the pencil arises, is whitish, and in part deep flesh-
colored, and the spiracles of the ninth pair are white and conspicuous,

The end of stage III just before moulting.—( Described Septem-
ber 18th.) Length 14-20 mm. Head as before, black with the front
part of the clypeus, the labial lobes and the basal joint of the antennz
white. The body is not entirely livid, blackish, there being a broad
pale whitish band along the sides of the body between the white
spiracles and the base of the legs. Along the back the median
dorsal tufts on abdominal segments 1—6 of the two last stages are
still wanting, so that the blackish body shows through the hairs. On
the 7th abdominal segment is a median dorsal black double wedge-
shaped tuft, and on segment 8th there are two double wedge-shaped
black tufts, a little longer than in front, and composed of black hairs
arising from the four dorsal tubercles of this segment; the outer of
these warts have, arising from the side, the short radiating whitish
hairs, the pencil of black hairs arising from the inner side, so that
from one aud the same tubercle originate short radiating whitish
hairs, and also long black hairs. From the largest lateral tubercle
on the same segment besides about sixteen whitish radiating hairs
of unequal size and length, arises a pencil consisting of nine long
black hairs. This pencil in the present stage is smaller and shorter
than in the last stage, and easily overlooked. The anterior black
pencils also arise from warts which also send off the short radiating
hairs. The four anterior black pencils are also smaller and slighter,
composed of a less number of hairs than in the last stage.

In this stage, also, in larve 20 mm. in length, the three thoracic
segments are whitish behind on the back, and dusky in front.

Stage I V.—Length 24-25 mm. (Described September 18th.) The
head as before. The radiating hairs are now whitish-yellow to pale

EEE

Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths. 71

golden-yellow. The black pencils are now large and well developed,
and now the first sia abdominal segments have well-developed dorsal
tufts. This is due to the increase in number and size of the hairs
arising from the inner side of the median dorsal tubercles or warts.
In the fully fed larva they are still denser, and form the series of
median dorsal tufts, eight in all, one to each segment. Compared
with the final stage, the body is still visible through the hairs, and
the white infraspiracular band is still in part retained, while the
radiating hairs are paler, shorter and sparser, and less silky.

Stage V and last.\—Length 30 mm. (Maine, on willow, Septem-
ber 10th to 15th.) It is of the same size as H. maculata,’ also on
the willow in Maine. The head is black, but with the anterior
division of the clypeus, together with the basal joint of the antennex,
labral lobes, labium and maxilla, white with a yellowish tint. The
body is black, but beneath pale livid yellowish along the middle.
Thoracic legs pale pitchy ; abdominal legs pale flesh yellow. Spi-
racles whitish. The tubercles are black, but the hairs radiating from
thei are dense, and all uniformly pale golden-yellow, those of the
dorsal median wedge-shaped tufts dusky at the end. The last of
these tufts is slightly longer than the others. There are two long
black pencils arising from the 2d thoracic segment and projecting
nearly horizontally in front; a second pair of similar black pencils
from the third thoracic segment, the latter giving rise to a pair of
lateral whitish pencils. A few long black hairs are mixed with the
long white hairs projecting from the prothoracic segment and reach-
ing over the head. Two irregular white pencils, but slightly dis-
tinguishable from the other white hairs, project out from behind at
the end of the body.

On the thoracic segments between the Ist and 2d pairs of black
pencils are, on the 2d and 3d thoracic segments, two pale yellowish-
ochre dorsal patches, which only become visible when it is creeping ;
in fact these two segments are yellowish-ochre above, with blackish
patches.

1 As those raised from the white ash were poorly and irregularly fed, they
were much less developed than those feeding wild on the willow, and which
reached maturity early in September. The ash caterpillars were only 25 mm.
in length, and the yellowish hairs even much paler than in normal larve.
The median dorsal wedge-shaped tufts in all are dusky at the end, the inner
hairs of the tufts being blackish, either the whole hair or the ends only.

2 In my report on Insects Injurious to Forest and Shade Trees, p. 353, this
caterpillar is wrongly referred to as probably A. maculata.

72 Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths.

Summary of the more salient ontogenetic features.

1. But a single hair arises from a tubercle in stage I (Dyar).

2. Several hairs arise from a wart in stage II.

3. The generic features begin to appear in stage IIT, since from
the third thoracic segment arise two subdorsal oblique distinct black
tufts; and on the 8th abdominal segment is a black pencil.

4. The abdominal segments 1-6 are provided in stage IV with
well-developed dorsal wedge-shaped tufts like those in the last stage.

Note on H. waArristt Walsh.

This is the yellow variety of Halesidota tessellata, with a honey-
yellow head and orange-colored pencils.”

Mature? larva.—This variety was found at Providence, R. L.,
September 15, 1890, by the roadside on the carraway. Length 18mm.

The head is honey-yellow, the anterior division of the clypeus,
with the labrum and antenne, whitish. The budy is so densely
covered with uniformly silky-white hairs as to conceal it when at
rest. There are no hairs of any other color except the four anterior
dorsal pencils, which are of a rich ochre-orange buff color ; of these
the front pair arise from the 2d segment, and the hinder pair from
the 3d thoracic segment. There are two shorter lateral pairs of
white pencils, one in front arising from the 2d thoracic, and the
other from the 3d thoracic segment.

From the 8th abdominal segment a pair of dorsal pencils of white
hairs project outward and backward, while a few long hairs project
back horizontally from the very end of the body.

There is a pale chitinous broad and short prothoracic shield
divided into two halves by a pale line.

The body is whitish, with a lateral row of large black patches
situated on each segment near the spiracles when they are present ;
the latter are ringed with black, and lower down is a row of large
irregular black patches at the base of the legs. The thoracic and

1 For interesting remarks and descriptions of the seven stages of this form
see Dyar (Psyche, VI, 162); in this paper Mr. Dyar regards H. harristi as a
distinct species from H. tessellaris of Abbot and Smith, as the larve differ in
their first as well as later stages, and he finds differences in the male genitalia.

2 Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., IX, 1864. Walsh does not mention the color
of the head in either of his two forms of tessedlatu.

ae At SE Hees Ap TE Sa

Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths. 73

abdominal legs are all pale whitish, like the body. All the setifer-
ous tubercles are white like the body.

This larva is entirely unlike the 4th stage of normal ZH. tessellaris
(Abbot and Smith).

The egg and mature larva of EucHETEs coLLARIS Fitch.

The larva (2) occurred at Brunswick, Me., on the dogbane
(Apocynum androsemifolium), August 16th. On the 25th it spun
a cocoon.

August 29th the pupa was still whitish. The moth appeared in
the breeding-box on May 27th succeeding. For some eggs I am
indebted to Mr. H. Meeske.

Hgg.—Diameter 0.7 mm. Of the usual hemispherical shape, the
dome moderately high, and at the apex slightly raised. The shell
is thin, glassy, and perfectly smooth under a 4-inch objective, with
no traces of pits or polygonal areas. :

Freshly-hatched larva.—( Described from several alcoholic speci-
mens.) Length 2mm. Head scarcely wider than the body, pale
whitish flesh-colored; the eyes situated on a dusky patch; with a
few scattered dusky hairs. The body is cylindrical, whitish, with
pale umber-brown piliferous warts. Prothoracic shield rather large
and broad, with a pale median suture, partly dividing it into two
parts; each half bearing two piliferous warts in front, and three
behind. The 2d and 3d thoracic segments with suboval dorsal warts
each bearing two unequal black hairs, the longest ones nearly twice
as long as the body is thick. The subdorsal and lateral warts each
bear a shorter single white spinulated hair. Along all the abdomi-
nal segments are two additional small hemispherical approximate
dorsal warts, each bearing a single dark hair; these, in addition to
the dorsal two-hair-bearing tubercles of the 2d and 3d _ thoracic
segments. On each side of these abdominal segments not bearing
legs, are two piliferous warts below the lateral ones. All the
abdominal legs have a longitudinal large dusky patch on the out-
side, which is also present on the anal legs. The longest hair arises
from the Ist abdominal segment, and these two are twice as long
as the body is thick. All the hairs are spinulated as usual in the
family. The abdominal legs each bear but four ungues.

Full-fed larva.—Length 22mm. The body is cylindrical, rather
thick, pale whitish, and completely concealed by beautiful long
silky woolly slate-gray hairs; the longer hairs being considerably

Annaus N. Y. Acap. Scr., VIII, May, 1893.—6

T4 Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths.

longer than the body is thick; the shortest ones are of the same
color as the longest. The spiracles are pale, surrounded with a
narrow black ring. The piliferous tubercles are pale, but mostly
speckled with dark at the origin of the hairs.

The larval stages of LeucarctTia acraA (Drury).

It feeds voraciously on plantain leaves, and makes a great quan-
tity of frass. The eggs were laid June 19th, at Brunswick, Me.,
the larve hatching June 25th, in the morning, their first act, after
breaking out, being to devour the shell.

Egg.—Diameter 0.6—7 mm. Hemispherical, rather high, white,
with a coarsely pitted surface as seen under a triplet; under a
t-inch objective the deep pits are seen to be closely crowded, and
surrounded with smooth swollen polygonal edges; the pit itself
being rounded. The larva eats away the upper half of the shell,
the edge being scalloped, each scallop representing the cut made by
the jaws.

Larva, stage J.—Length slightly over 2 mm. The body is pale
or somewhat dusky flesh-colored, without any reddish tint. The
head is shining black, large, wider than the body. The prothoracie
shield is well-developed, crescent-shaped, contracted in the middle,
the surface on each side gibbous; dark chestnut. The piliferous
warts are rather large and quite convex. The two dorsal tubercles
of 2d and 3d thoracic segments bear two hairs, the lateral ones
bearing each two hairs... The abdominal dorsal tubercles all bear
but a single long spinulated hair, except the lateral ones, which
bear two small short hairs of unequal length; all the subdorsal
warts bear but a single hair. Some of the hairs are nearly as long
as the body. The double dorsal row of small warts are rather
peculiar. ‘he thoracic legs are chestnut, the abdominal ones of a
dusky flesh color. There are 2 sets of ungues on each abdominal leg.

It moulted June 30th to July 2d, the duration of the stage being
about 5 or 6 days.

Stage I.—Length 5 mm. The head is, after it has fed a few
days, narrower than. the body, chestnut-black; the clypeal and
labral region pale flesh The body is pale greenish, with yellowish
tints. The prothoracic plate is now divided into halves. The
tubercles are dark, the hairs blackish ‘lhe dorsal and subdorsal
warts bear usually five hairs, one very long, the four others shorter

Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths. 75

and smaller, varying in size; the longest ones are three times as
long as the shorter ones; the lateral warts still bear but two hairs.
There is a subdorsal row of reddish-brown irregular spots, and
another similar row on the sides low down. ‘The thoracic and
abdominal legs are blackish.

It molted July 10th to 12th; the duration of the stage being
about 10 days; and was described after molting on the 12th of
July.

Stage 17I.—Length 15 mm., finally becoming 20 mm. The head
is small, black; the body thick, tapering at each end. All the
tubercles are black, with black and white hairs of unequal length,
the longest equalling the diameter of the body. A broad, some-
what broken white, conspicuous dorsal line finally becoming yellow.
An interrupted yellowish broad band on the side, bounded above
and below by a whitish-yellowish line somewhat wavy, and inter-
rupted by the yellow patch on each segment forming the broken
band; the tubercles being situated in the yellow patches, one in
each; they are black at each end of the body, but yellowish or
nearly so in the middle segments. All the legs are blackish.

Molted July 20th to 25th; the length of this stage being about
10 days.

Stage 1V.—Length 35 mm. Much as before, but much larger,
the pale yellowish dorsal line is now wanting and the entire dorsal
region has become dark leaden-gray, with short spreading verticil-
late hairs on the two middle rows of tubercles, the subdorsal ones
giving out longer unequal hairs, which are more or less leaden-
gray. There are now two parallel lateral rows of small bright
yellow spots; between each set of spots are two light reddish-
brown tubercles which give off gray hairs, mixed with whitish
ones. The hairs cover the body more densely than before; and
the head is black and the body beneath deep leaden-gray. All the
feet, both thoracic and abdominal, are black. The spiracles are
whitish on a blackish field. The bead with the clypeus above and
the antenne are yellowish, but the yellow spot on the clypeus is
smaller by one-half than in stage IIT.

It molted again July 30th to 31st, hence the length of stage IV
was about 10 days.

Stage V and last.—Length 35 to 40 mm. A great change takes
place at this molt. Now the hairs are long and slender, fine and
soft, and most of them as long as the body is thick, with a few at

16 Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths.

each end of the body twice as long as the others, the long ones
more numerous at the end than on the thoracic segments. The
dorsal hairs are sable-brown-black, so thick that the outlines of the
body can be scarcely seen through them; the warts are also dark,
though the lateral warts are still reddish-tawny. From the lower
side of the supra-spiracular tubercles arise hairs which are all red-
dish-tawny; those arising from the upper edge are reddish at base,
and blackish on the end, or remainder of the hair. The lateral hairs
are bright tawny. The light buff-colored spiracles are now very
conspicuous, and are situated directly in front of the large tubercles.

Vote. There is a tendency in this and other Arctians to become,
after the 2d molt, much more hairy, so as nearly to conceal the
body, and thus, as by this time they feed in more conspicuous
situations, they are less edible to birds and less exposed to attacks
by ichneumons and Tachine.

This is now a very handsome caterpillar, the close dorsal hairs,
like the fur of the sable in general appearance, contrasting with the
bright tawny hairs on the sides, the bright conspicuous spiracles
showing through them.

Life-history of PyRRHARCTIA ISABELLA (Abbot and Smith).

Dyar remarks that this larva has ten stages, Psyche, V, 422.

The eggs of this moth were received from Mr. H. Meeske, of
Brooklyn, N. Y., and were laid in confinement May 12th. The larve
were active, feeding on the wild cherry; after hatching they scatter,
and eat away the surface of the under side of the leaf, not eating
holes in the leaves. Another set of eggs, laid in a small patch, was
found on the under side of an oak leaf at Brunswick, Maine, July
6th, hatching a day or two later.

Egg.—Diameter 0.7 mm. Hemispherical, but the dome is quite
high and regularly rounded, white, smooth and shining, and smooth
seen under a Tolles triplet, but under a Tolles 4 inch-objective the
shell is seen to be marked with a network of very fine, minute,
quite irregular polygonal areas, bounded by very slightly thickened
edges, as if they were the imprint of the cellular walls of the ovi-
duct.

Larva, stage I.— Length 2.5 mm. Hatched June 14th. Head
dark chestnut, moderately large, no wider than the body. Protho-
racic shield moderately large, irregular in shape, with a transverse
furrow behind the middle; on the front arise four hairs, and on the

Studies on Life-hislory of Bombycine Moths. 17

hind edge are two hairs. The 2d and 3d thoracic segments bear
each a transverse row of four flattened dark brown conical tubercles ;
the two inner and larger of which bear two hairs. All the abdomi-
nal tubercles bear but a single hair.

The median dorsal tubercles (two on each segment and wanting
as usual on the thoracic segments) are elongated, while the outer
ones are irregularly rounded; the lateral tubercles are rather narrow
and elongated parallel with the length of the body. The hairs are
long and spinulate. A few hairs are longer than usual; these arise
from the 2d and 3d thoracic and also the 8th abdominal segments,
and are about a third as long as the body.

Stage I.—Length 4-5 mm. Described about one day after the
first molt. The head is as wide as the body and of a dark chest-
nut-brown. The prothoracic shield is distinct, crescent-shaped.
All the warts are concolorous in hue, moderately dark chestnut,
and most of them bear 5-6 hairs. The dorsal thoracic hairs are
about twice as long as the body is thick, as also are those on the
8th abdominal segment, but the others are rather shorter, and all
the hairs are uniformly of the same rather dark brown color, of the
same hue as the head. There are about 10 spinulose hairs arising
from the larger dorsal tubercles. The body is livid purplish all over,
the piliferous warts are now higher and fuller, but are chestnut-
colored, with a slight ruddy or purplish tint. The body is fuller
and thicker than before, while the hairs are somewhat shorter, and
all are of the same dark-brown color. The small median dorsal
tubercles bear 2 to 3 hairs, and the larger ones from 10 to 12 hairs.

When 5 mm. long, later on in this stage, the body is purplish pale
flesh-colored; the warts purplish and quite convex, the hairs all dark
and longest on the 2d and 3d thoracic segments, those on the other
segments only a little longer than the body is thick. The body
beneath is paler.

One about to molt is 7 mm. long. The body is mottled with
short irregular purplish lines, and there is an irregular lateral broken
pale narrow line. The warts are black at the end, and there is no
difference in the color of the hairs on any part of the body, all of
them being nearly black, with no reddish ones.

Stage III.—Molted June 29th, and described before beginning
to eat on that date. Length 7mm. The body is now stouter, and
the hairs on the three thoracic and Ist abdominal segments, also on
segments 7 to 10, are black-brown as before, while those on the

18 Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths.

middle of the body (abdominal segments 2 to 7) are much paler, being
of a brown flesh-color, though with no reddish tint; among the pale
flesh-brown hairs are a few scattered black lateral and dorsal ones.
The tubercles are large, bearing numerous hairs. The head is uni-
formly of a pale horn color.

On June 30th, the colors of the black and of the tawny-brown
hairs are now respectively more pronounced and dissimilar, so
that we have indicated the differences in color between the reddish
abdominal segments 2-7 and the bluish hairs of the rest of the body,
characteristic of the mature larva. A dorsal pale indistinct stripe
is present.

Stage IV.—Length 15 mm. A specimen bred from the oak is
now almost exactly like the adult. The head is dark chestnut, and
the five succeeding segments are black; the tubercles and hairs of
the hinder edge of the 2d abdominal, and the whole of the three
succeeding segments (3-6) scotch-snuff reddish-brown or tawny,
exactly as in the full-fed larva, while the 8th to 10th segments are
black with black hairs and tubercles. On the 2d thoracic segment
are a few reddish hairs. A few hairs in front and on the hinder
end are nearly or quite twice as long as the others, which in general
are about two-thirds as long as the body. The thoracic feet are
black; the abdominal feet dark, with the plantz flesh-colored. This
caterpillar remained alive and without molting till the 8th of
September. I saw several full-grown larvee September 8th.

It appears from the above-stated facts that the characters of the
mature larve, 7. e., the dense hairs, those on the 3d—-6th abdominal
segments being reddish, are indicated in stage III, and completely
appear in stage IV.

The freshly-hatched larva of Sprnosoma virernica (Fabr.).

Eggs laid May 20th and hatched June 2d to 4th; mostly dead,
but one or two hatching June 5th.

Larva just hatched. Length 2mm. Body pale greenish; head
large, slightly wider than the body, dark chestnut-brown; the two
sides full and swollen, with a pale suture between. All the pilifer-
ous warts dark chestnut, conical, very distinct, contrasting with the
pale greenish body. Hairs blackish, very long, some of them over
one-half as long as the body. A faint crescent-shaped prothoracie

ett

Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths. 79

shield bearing two transverse rows of piliferous warts. No middle
dorsal small twin warts on the thoracic segments.’

A very dark almost black Arctian was found crawling in the city
of Providence September 26th, from which I reared a moth of this
species. I describe the larva as follows :—

Full-grown larva.—Length 35-38 mm. Body dull smoky black,
with white spiracles. The hairs all black, except a dark reddish
tan-brown shade on the abdominal segments. The head is rather
small, black, the clypeus, antenne, and labrum, as well as mouth-
parts, pale greenish. The body is of the same general shape as that
of P. isabella, but the hairs are not so stiff or dense. The body is
black, as are also the tubercles. The verticils are dense, composed
of hairs of uneven length, those on the back (dorsal and subdorsal)
of abdominal segments 3 to 7 are mostly dark reddish chestnut-
brown, almost blackish, mixed with black ones, but the lateral tuber-
cles all seud off black hairs. Besides these there are a few very
long hairs, which are grayish at the end, and these are a little more
numerous at both ends of the body, a few more arising from the last
three abdominal segments than from the three thoracic segments.
Suranal plate and sides of a]l the black abdominal legs speckled with
white granules like fine white sand (it does not brush off, and can’t
be sand!) Under side of the body dark livid smoky black. The
thoracic legs are pitchy black, pale at the tip. A very richly colored
velvety-black, handsome caterpillar.

The cocoon is unusually dark, being blackish-brown, while the
moth, a male, had the black sput on the under side of the base of
the forelegs unusually large; otherwise it does not differ from typi-
eal specimens.

A foxy-red larva of Spilosoma viryinica ( Fabr.).—Head, includ-
ing the mouth-parts, amber;. The body is livid black. No pale
lateral band is visible, but the sides of the body, including the
spiracles, are paler than above, and especially beneath. The spira-
cles are white. All the hairs are foxy reddish-brown, except those

' Mr. Bridgham’s drawing of S. virginica, stage I, does not very well repre-
sent my larva, as in mine the head is wider than the body, dark chestnut,
and not as he represents it pale, with two darker spots. The warts are also
darker. The volor of the body is good. The shape of the prothoracic shield
differs, as in my larva it is crescentiform, not transversely oblong. Yet his
drawing is not that of H. cunea or A. virgo!! Lam, of course, sure my moth
is virginica and not cunea.

80 Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths.

of the prothoracic segment, and the sides, low down, of the 2d and
3d thoracic segments. Most of the hairs, especially along the back,
are not quite so long as the body is thick; some are very long, as
described in the yellow variety, and the lateral ones are less evenly
cut and longer than the dorsal verticils. A few black hairs are
mixed with the reddish ones along the sides. The tubercles are
not foxy-red like the hairs. The thoracic legs are pale amber,
while the abdominal ones are black, with pale planta,

The two last larval stages of Serrarcrra EcHO (Abbot and Smith).

The following descriptions have been drawn up from specimens
from Punta Gorda, Fla., collected in March, 1891, and presented
by Mrs. Slosson. They will feed on almost any kind of leaves. As
my descriptions in Psyche (V, 351) were drawn up from colored
figures, the following notes may take the place of my descriptions
of the two last stages.

Larva, stage V?—Length 12 mm. The head is fully as wide as
the body, ochre-yellow, concolorous with the setiferous tubercles,
which are large, high, and prominent, bearing bristles as long,
some longer than the body; they are black-brown, becoming ochre-
ous at the base, while in front and at the end of the body there are
a number of gray bristles. On each abdominal segment the two
median dorsal small tubercles are crowded in front of the two much
larger lateral ones. The segments are transversely banded with
two parallel rows of cream-white irregular linear slashes, three in
each row, varying somewhat in shape and in distance apart. The
prothoracic segment is ochreous-yellow like the head. The body is
dark black-brown, contrasting with the reddish-ochreous tubercles.
(This does not entirely agree with Mr. Bridgham’s figure of the
5th stage, as the head is all ochreous.)

Full-fed larva.—Length 30 mm. Head cherry-red all over;
anterior division of the clypeus and the antennez whitish. Tuber-
eles reddish-ochreous; the hairs mostly reddish-ochreous at base
and black on the outer half. Body dark Vandyke-brown. Protho-
racic segment like the head, but of a duller hue 2d thoracic seg-
ment with a pale cream-white spot in the middle, and a transverse
whitish slash on each side, while behind is a faint cream-white
broken transverse line; on the 3d thoracic segment are two trans-
verse cream-white lines, and between them, but nearer the hinder

Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths. 81

line, is a median and two lateral cream-white spots. Each abdomi-
nal segment with two similar transverse lines, without the inter-
mediate spots; in the anterior line isa dilatation in the middle. In
the hinder abdominal segments the hinder of the two cross-lines
may be obsolete or represented by a median and a lateral spot. (It
agrees very well in general appearance with Bridgham’s drawing of
the sixth stage, also in the position and color of the tubercles and
of the markings, allowing for variation in the latter.

Egg.—Diameter 0.9 mm. MHemispherical in shape, rather high.
The empty shell is thin, glassy, and seen under a triplet to be rather
coarsely pitted; under a 4-inch objective the pits are deep, of uneven
size, round, but bordered with a raised swollen irregularly poly-
gonal margin. The egg is much like that of Leucarctia acrea in
shape and ornamentation, the pits being very similar.

The fully-grown larva of EcPANTHERIA SCRIBONIA (Stoll).

I found a larva on the alligator pear (?) growing on Mr. McCor-
mick’s grounds at Lake Worth, March, 1891. It will feed on
geranium, and will eat almost anything except orange leaves.
Very hardy, standing transportation to the North well.

Length 60 mm. The head is black, becoming cherry-red on the
sides and along the front at the base of the labrum. Body deep
velvety-black, and with dense fascicles of long dense barbed brown-
black hairs.

When the caterpillar is in motion the sutures on opening are seen
to be stained with Indian red or brown madder, forming a conspicu-
ous stripe.

All the eight stages of this species, raised from Florida, have been
described at length by Mr. Dyar in the Canadian Entomologist,
XXIII, 106.

The full-fed larva of EcPANTHERIA PERMACULATA (Pack.).

I received two larve, from one of which this moth was reared,
from Mr. Th. D. A. Cockerell, of West Cliff, Colorado. He wrote
me under date of April 28, 1890, that the caterpillars were collected
near Grape Creek, West Cliff, April 28,1890, and he sent me the
brief description, from life, given below. Mr. Cockerell was un-
acquainted with the food-plant.

82 Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths.

The caterpillar began to pupate between May 9th and 15th, spin-
ning a slight cocoon between the leaves offered the larva (which,
however, took no food). The imago appeared about a month later,
viz., June 19th.

Mature larva.— Length about 30 mm. Head shining black ;
body purplish-gray; each segment with dark tubercles (twelve on
most of them), each emitting a bunch of shortish spinulated hairs.
These hairs are of two colors, the anterior part of the bunch being
black, and the posterior pale shining ochreous. Legs reddish-ochre-
ous.” (Cockerell. )

The partial life-history of UTETHEISA BELLA (Linn.).

The eges and freshly-hatched larve were kindly sent me by Miss
Caroline G. Soule. The food-plant was Myrica gale. The eggs
are laid in confinement, either singly or in patches. The young
larva was described August Ist.

£gg.—About half a millimeter in diameter. When alive it appeared
on the leaf to be hemispherical, though rather high, but the alcoholie
specimen is certainly spherical. Under a Tolles triplet magnifying
10-12 diameters, the living egg is seen to be smooth, shining, with
no pits or granulations. The color was not noted; but the alcoholie
one is yellowish. Under a 4-inch Tolles objective the shell also
appears to be smooth, with no granulations visible.

Larva, stage I.—Length 2 mm. Head large, considerably wider
than the body; dark chestnut-brown, being of the same color as the
piliferous tubercles. The body is pale greenish with a yellowish
tinge. It slightly narrows from behind the head to the end. The
prothoracic plate is rather large, bearing four sete on the front edge,
and four others on the hind edge. The dorsal tubercles on the 2d
and 8d thoracic segments each bear two hairs, the lateral warts
each bearing oue. The dorsal abdominal tubercles on segments 1
to 7 each bear a single hair, though the largest lateral one on the
8th segment bears 3 hairs, and the dorsal ones each 2 hairs. The
dorsal abdominal tubercles are arranged in a trapezoid, the two in
front nearest the median line are larger than those behind, instead
of being much smaller, as in typical Arctians, such as Spilosoma,
Leucarctia, etc., moreover the trapezoid forms a moderate curve
rather than an exact trapezoid. Under a 4-inch Tolles objective
the hairs are seen to be very minutely spinulose and tapering; they

Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths. 83

are all dark brown, and their average length is a little longer than
the body is thick. The plantz in the alcoholic specimens are borne
on a very long stalk. Each planta bears four hooks.

For the full-grown larve I am indebted to Mr. Otto Seifert, who
sent me several which he collected in New Jersey early in October.

Last stage —Length 23 mm. The body is cylindrical. The head
is rather small, being about one-half as wide as the body in its
middle; it is pitch-red, or reddish-chestnut, smooth, and shining.
The body tapers towards each end, and is armed with moderately
large, acutely conical though not very noticeable tubercles, each of
which gives rise to a single long, thick spinulated hair, the four
(on each segment) dorsal tubercles each bearing a black hair; those
on the sides of the body bearing shorter, smaller white hairs. The
body is beautifully variegated with black, yellow, and white. The
segments are black above, with two transverse rows of cream-white
angular spots, the sutures broadly marked with buff-yellow. A
lateral broken, irregular broad cream-white line. The abdominal
legs are buff-yellow, with a dusky patch on the outer side. The
thoracic legs are entirely black. The body beneath is buff-yellow.

The life-history of Crenucua vireinica (Charp.).

In the Proceedings of the Essex Institute’ I described the trans-
formations of this moth, including the two later stages, which I
supposed to be the fourth and fifth. During the summer of 1890 I
was able to complete the life-history of this interesting form, and
the following notes may be added to those already published. The
6th and last stage was described in my first paper.

The males appear to be more common than the females, and were
abundant on the shores of Casco Bay, Maine, at Merepoint, Bruns-
wick; but about three miles from where they were observed in 1862.
In 1863 a larva in the fourth stage was observed as early as May 16th,
while June 6th of the previous year, larve both in the fourth and last
stages of growth were observed, a few mature caterpillars crawling
restlessly about. June 13th the larva began to construct its cocoon,
and it pupated four days later, and after remaining in the pupa state
nearly a month, the moth emerged July 15th The eggs were laid
in a patch side by side, as in the case of Arctians. The young
hatched July 28th, so that the egg state lasted a little less than two

1 Vol. IV, No. 1, Notes on the Family Zygenidz, April, 1864.

84 Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths.

weeks. In 1890 a larva in stage IV was observed feeding on grass
June 22d, and two days later a full-fed caterpillar was found; they
were observed more frequently a week or two later, but the last
fully-fed caterpillar was seen July 27th. The first appearance of
the moths in 1890 was July 13th, when three males entered the
window in the night attracted by the light, and males appeared
sooner and were afterwards much more numerous than the females,
Confining a number of both sexes eggs were laid July 27th to 28th,
and these hatched August 8th to 10th, so that the duration of the
egg or embryo state is between ten or eleven days and two weeks.

Egg.—Length 0.8 mm. or a little less than a millimeter. The
egg is regularly hemispherical in shape (not spherical, as stated in
1864), slightly higher than broad. Under a Tolles triplet of high
power the shell is seen to be very finely, minutely pitted, but under
a low power appears to be smooth and shining. Under a Tolles
Z-inch objective the surface of the shell is seen to be divided into
very minute quite regular polygonal areas, bounded by a slight
ridge; from this ridge on one side of the area project horizontally
across the middle of the area one, or more usually two very delicate
slender tapering hair-like processes nearly reaching the opposite side
of the polygon.

The eggs are deep yellow when laid, remaining so till the embryo
forms, when they are dark ash-colored, darkest above.

Larva, stage I.—Hatched August 8th tol0th. Length 2.5 mm.
Head black, smooth, shining, and rather broader than the body.
The body tapers slightly to the end; it is at first light yellowish,
afterwards becoming darker. In the older, darker ones the body is
pale flesh-color, as usual in Arctians. The prothoracic shield is
moderately large, being antero-posteriorly quite short, but rather
broad, sublunoid; it bears on its front edge four piliferous warts,
all of nearly the same size, and each bearing a single hair, which is
fine, tapering, like those on all the rest of the body, there being
apparently in the Zygenide, as in the Arctians, no bulbous glandu-
lar hairs. There are no piliferous warts or hairs on the hinder edge
of the shield. On each of the two other thoracic segments there
are but two large dorsal flattened piliferous warts, which are oval,
each bearing three long black hairs, the longest being about twice
as long as the body is thick.

Abdominal segments 1 to 8, with four dorsal flattened piliferous
warts, each bearing a single hair, arranged in an obscurely marked

Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths. 85

trapezoidal manner. ‘The two median ones are hemispherical, situ-
ated on each side of the median line, the opposing sides being straight
and parallel. There are four lateral warts; the upper one much
larger than the others; the 2d minute, situated behind and below
the uppermost; the 3d and 4th are narrow and long, the 3d being
situated directly beneath the Ist.

On the 9th abdominal segment the four piliferous warts of the
other segments are coalesced into two large flattened warts, each
bearing three sete. On the 10th and last segment is a large dark
suranal plate with irregular edges, bearing on each side 8 to 4 hairs.
All the warts are dark horn-color, and most of the hairs arising
from them are dark, some almost blackish, and about half as long
as the body.

Stage II.—Molted August 18th to 20th. Length 5 mm., becom-
ing August 25th 7 mm. in length. The head is black, rounded, not
so wide as the body. The prothoracic shield as in stage I. The
2d and 3d thoracic segments each with two large widely separate
dorsal black warts, bearing about 14 hairs of unequal length, both
white and black, the longest of which are about one-quarter as long
as the body. On each side are two lateral tubercles, slightly larger
than the homologous ones on the abdominal segments, these, espe-
cially the upper one, on the 2d thoracic segment being larger than
the corresponding one on the 3d thoracic segment.

On the abdominal segments (uromeres) are four dorsal piliferous
tubercles arranged in a trapezoid, of which the two middle ones are
sublunate, the others round; the former bear 23-4 short fine hairs;
the round ones from four to five longer and thicker hairs.

The body is chestnut-brown, but the warts are surrounded by
pale carneous spaces; and the hairs above dark brown, becoming
gray on the sides. ‘There is a broad irregular brown dorsal band,
and a broad irregular lateral chestnut-brown band, below and above
which the body is pale whitish flesh-color, the flesh-colored lines
after wards forming the two lines so distinct in the next stage. The
lower of these pale bands become towards the end of the stage a
distinct, lateral white line, broken at the sutures; it surrounds the
base of the third lateral tubercle, while the fourth and lowest tuber-
cle is surrounded at base with an irregular whitish ring. This infra-
spiracular line remains white throughout this stage.

The thoracic legs are chestnut-brown; the abdominal legs pale
chestnut, the plante still paler.

86 Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths.

Stage III.—Length 10 mm. Molted August 30th to Septem-
ber Ist. The characters of stage IV are now indicated. The head,
however, is still shining entirely jet-black, and is rather narrower
than the body. The body is black, witha subdorsal stripe at first
white and afterwards becoming yellow as the larva becomes older
and larger; also an infraspiracular lateral wavy white longitudinal
stripe, the latter the most sharp and distinct, and containing on
each segment a black piliferous wart.

From the tubercles on the 2d thoracic segment long white and
black hairs overarch the head; similar tubercles and hairs, but
shorter, arise from the 8d thoracic segment. The dorsal tubercles
are black, arranged in a trapezoid, and from each arises a verticil
of 15-16 straw-yellow hairs varying in length. The verticils on
the sides of the body are black, with shorter white ones intermixed.

On the first abdominal segment are two twin dorsal black pencils
appearing as if one; they stand up straight, and are about as long
as the body is thick. There are none on the succeeding segments
until the 8th, which bears a black pencil not quite so thick as the
anterior one, and more irregular, and directed backward. The
thoracic and abdominal legs are black, the plante pale.

Stage IV.—Molted September 5th, and described the next morn-
ing. Length, directly after molting, 10 mm., afterwards reaching
a length of 15mm. Just after exuviation and when 10 mm. long,
the row of seven median dorsal double arched black tufts have
appeared, these being undeveloped in the previous stage. The
body also is thicker, though at first little longer, and the verticils
of hairs are longer, and the hairs themselves much more numerous
and dense, so that the body and subdorsal stripes cannot be seen
through them, though it can easily be in the third stage. The long
dorsal hairs in front and at the end of the body are black; those on
each side of the seven black median tufts straw-yellow, while the
ground-color of the sides of the body, and the hairs low down, are
black. Zhe head is black. The lateral or infraspiracular line is
now white. A part of the overarching prothoracic hairs are white.
All the legs are dark, the abdominal ones livid at the end and on
the plante.

Not having carefully observed and noted all the transformations
of an individual larva, I had supposed that there were only five
stages, but while writing out these notes, one larva brought with
me from Maine to Providence, and which was in the stage just

hk

Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths. 87

described, having an entirely black head and measuring 15 mm. in
length, molted September 29th, and assumed a red head; and hence,
as I am sure my first three stages are as above described, I feel
quite confident that there must be five stages before the last, and
that the fifth stage, next to be described, is the one in which the
insect hibernates. The following description is taken from several
specimens observed June 22d and later in the summer of 1890; my
living one, just molted, being somewhat dwarfed. At first the
head is entirely light chestnut-red, and the abdominal legs are of
the same color.

Stage V.—Length 18 mm. The head light chesinut-red, becom-
ing blackish in front. Body densely hairy, the head and body when
not moving completely concealed by the dense stiff hairs, which are
of even length. Those overarching the head and those on the sides
of the body are coal-black. The verticils on the prothoracic seg-
ment and 9th abdominal segments are snow-white, and white hairs
are mixed with the black ones on the sides. The dorsal hairs bright
sulphur-yellow. There is a series of nine dorsal double median black
tufts, the first pair of which are slightly larger and higher than the
others, and directed a little forwards, while the last pair are directed
obliquely backwards.

A broad, irregular brown, somewhat scalloped white subdorsal
line, while the infraspiracular line is decidedly narrower ; it is scal-
loped or wavy and is bright snow-white, besides being much more
distinctly seen than the subdorsal one.

In this stage it continues to feed conspicuously on grass, both in
June, and the second brood in September, hibernating in this stage.
It transforms into the last larval stage as early as June 24th, and
in the summer of 1890, which was very favorable to caterpillar life,
the full-grown larve were observed as late as July 27th.

Summary of length of the different stages.—Kgg stage 11 to 13
days; larva, Ist stage 10 days; 2d stage 10 to 12 days; 3d stage
5 to 6 days; 4th stage? 23 days; 5th stage from late in September
to late in June; prepupal stage 3-4 days; pupal stage 28-30 days,
imago stage probably about two or three weeks.

Recapitulation of the more salient larval features.

1. As in Arctians and Lithosians no glandular hairs in stage I.
Body and hairs as in Arctians. A well-developed prothoracic chiti-
nous shield and suranal plate in stage I.

38 Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths.

2. Great increase, in stage II, of hairs, the unipiliferous warts
transformed to verticillate polypiliferous warts. At end of stage
II the infra-spiracular white line appears.

3. Assumption in stage III of Glaucopidian characters. Appear-
ance of the subdorsal white stripe, becoming yellow at the end of
the stage. The yellow dorsal and subdorsal hairs appear. Appear-
ance in stage III of the dorsal black tufts on abdominal segments 1
and 8.

4, Appearance in stage IV of black tufts on abdominal segments
Rito T.

5. The head previously black, becomes red in the penultimate,
or 5th, stage.

6. A decided change in coloration from the penultimate to the
final stage, the hairs of the latter stage being all yellow, with no
black dorsal tufts.

It will be seen that in stages I and II the larva resembles that
of the Arctians; it is minute, not easily detected by birds, and
feeds on the leaves of plants enjoying on account of its small size
and neutral tints a comparative immunity from the attacks of birds
and the visits of insects. When the spiny hairs become dense and
gaily colored, and the larva a very conspicuous object, feeding as it
does on the spears of grass, it is protected from birds and insects
by its dense stiff spiny hairs, and like some, if not most, Arctian
larve it is comparatively free from the attacks of ichneumons and
Tachine ; in fact I have not seen any Ctenucha larve which have
been parasitized.

Whether the moths, which fly not very rapidly in the bright sun
and are much exposed to the attacks of birds, are distasteful or not
to birds remains to be proved by experiments, which I have been
unable to make. They do not give out the strong odor of Leu-
carctia and other Arctian females.

Hibernation of the larva in the two last stages.—Like some
Arctians, as Pyrrharctia isabella; Clenucha virginica and the
Rocky Mountain species (probably Ct. cressonana), kindly sent
me by Mr. Cockerell, wintered over in the larva state, but while
P. isabella hibernates in the final stage, that of Ctenucha, whether
near the coast of New England or in the higher elevations of the
Rocky Mountains, does not attain the final stage before the winter,
us the eggs are not laid before midsummer (those of Arctians are
laid early in June), so that the Jarva does not have time to com-

Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths. 89

plete its growth before the autumnal frosts set in at the end of
September, and it is thus compelled to winter over, as is the case
with some butterfly larve, before the last stage. It will be inter-
esting to ascertain whether this is the case with the more southern
California species, and. those of Scepsis.

The young larva of CTENUCHA CRESSONANA Grote?

In March, 1890, L received from Mr. T. A. D. Cockerell, of Cliff
County, Col., a larva which had hibernated. It could not be kept
alive. It is evidently a Ctenucha in the penultimate (5th) stage,
and congeneric with Ct. virginiana in its hibernating or penulti-
mate (5th) stage; and as (. cressonana is the common species in
Colorado, I am disposed to refer it to that species.

When disturbed it lies curled up on its side, the black dorsal tufts
projecting like spikes, and the head touching the tail.

Length 18-20 mm. The head is nearly as wide as the body,
reddish-yellow, but not so deep red as in Ct. virginiana, and with-
out the two diverging black bands in front. The body is not so
densely hairy as in the Sth stage of Ct. virginiana, but is more as
in stage IV of that species. The body is now scarcely concealed
by the rather sparse hairs. The body is dark leaden, and the verti-
cils of hairs are also dark. There is a distinct subdorsal yellowish,
and a whitish lateral stripe. On the thoracic segments there are
rather long hairs, which arch over the head. On each of the
abdominal segments 1-8 there is a long double dorsal pencil of
black hairs, the first one inclining forwards, and the last one back-
wards, the others being more or less erect. All the legs, both
thoracic and abdominal, are yellowish, the latter distinctly so.

The larva of PHRYGANIDIA CALIFORNICA Pack.

These larve, two living examples (and others dead), were described
May 5th, and others June 5th from life, while the colors were still
fresh ; most of them had pupated. They were sent April 30th by
Prof. J. J. Rivers.

full-grown larva.—Length 12-15 mm. The head is a little
wider than the body; it is large, full, globose, smooth, with a few
long scattered hairs; pale flesh-colored, with an oblong black patch
on each side extending upon the black mandibles; labrum pale.
The body is cylindrical, of the same width to near the end; the

Annaus N. Y. Acap. Scr., VIII, May, 1893.—7

90 Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths.

8th abdominal segment being distinctly humped, while the segments
are transversely wrinkled. The body is pale straw-yellow, with
three broken reddish dorsal lines, the median one being the broadest
and least broken; the space on each side whitish. Two parallel
subdorsal distinct reddish lines enclosing a whitish band, connected
in front by a transverse dark reddish-black line on top of the pro-
thoracic segment. The upper of the two subdorsal lines dilates or
spreads inward a little on the Ist, 3d, and 5th abdominal segments,
and bends up angularly on the 8th, connecting with a transverse
dark line crossing the hump. A similar one on the 9th abdominal
segment. On the middle of the 5th abdominal segment the median
line dilates into a large distinct transverse oblong reddish mark.
There are two parallel longitudinal stripes on each segment above
the legs, the lower broad and firm, the upper slight and broken up
into spots. There are four pairs of well-developed middle abdominal
legs; the 5th or anal pair being one-third smaller than the others.
There are a few moderately long hairs on the back and sides of the
body.

One example has black lines and marks on a greenish-yellow
ground. This caterpillar is a true Agaristid in appearance, the
hump being well marked and the body naked, as in that group,
though not marked with transverse bars, as in Alypia and Eudryas.

Larva at close of final stage.—Length 18-20 mm. Several of
the larve when older, having been observed June 17th, presented
the following characters. Whether they had molted or not I did
not observe. The description was drawn up from living examples,
just before pupation, nearly a dozen of the lot having pupated. The
head is large, rounded, as wide or slightly wider than the body,
smooth, with a few hairs, and now the head is deep cherry-red.
The body is smooth, of uniform thickness, with a decided, though
not very large and prominent hump on the 8th abdominal segment,
and with a few hairs, as before. Along the back are four rather
wide broken yellow lines, more, or less connected laterally ; the lines
are broken on the anterior slope of the hump, forming two lunate
yellow dorsal spots on the 9th abdominal segment, and a single
large yellowish spot on the 10th segment in front of the smooth
rounded anal plate. Along the under side is a broad median livid
yellowish-green band. Both the thoracic and anal legs are blackish;
the four middle abdominal legs being reddish-lilac, and rather large

Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths. 91

and long. The sides of the body are dark; the body itself in
general dark blackish-brown.

In another and fresher specimen there is a bright yellow spiracular
line, somewhat broken by the deep transverse wrinkles of the seg-.
ments, while the entire under side, including the middle abdominal
legs, is greenish-yellow.

In my Report on Forest Insects (1890) Fig. 39, by an unfortu-
nate mistake, owing to lack of lettering, I copied Stretch’s figure of
Leucarctia acrea instead of his figure of Phryganidia. I am still in-
clined to follow Stretch in placing this moth in the Zygenide ; though
it should be, as Butler claimed, associated with the ‘‘ Dioptide.”’
The larva of Phryganidia is smooth and humped, and thus very
near the Agaristide, and quite unlike those of the Zygenidx, which
are hairy; but the characters of the moth are like those of the
Dioptide, of whose transformations nothing, I believe, is known.

As regards its venation, Phryganidia comes very near Gnophela
vermiculata; the number of subcostal branches of the fore wing is
six (in Ctenucha five), but there is an independent vein, not present
in Gnophela. The median vein of Phryganidia differs in that the
Ist and 2d branches arise at some distance from the discal vein.

In the hind wings the venation of Phryganidia is nearly identical
with that of Gnophela. I see as vet no good reason for placing
Phryganidia in a separate family, nor for placing the ‘‘ Dioptide,”
as Smith does, between the Psychide and Notodontide, as it has
no affinities with either group.

Famity COSSIDA.

The freshly-hatched larva of PRroNoxysrus ROBINIA Peck.

The eggs were received from Mr. H. Meeske, and hatched on
July 3d. ;

Egg.—Very large, length 2.7; greatest diameter 1.8mm. Irregu-
larly oval in shape, with the surface more coarsely pitted than in
any lepidopterous egg I have examined. The shell is not very
thick, but examined with a triplet is seen to be divided into unusu-
ally large shallow irregular polygonal areas. Under a $-inch objec-
tive the areas are seen to be very irregularly polygonal, often nearly
4-sided and oblong; the areas are somewhat depressed and with
raised edges, which, however, like the areas, are smooth, not granu-
lated.

92 Studies on Life-history of Bombycine Moths.

Stage I.—Length 8mm. A very large larva for one in the first
stage. The body is much flattened, somewhat Tortricid-like, taper-
ing somewhat towards the end. The head is broad, flattened, dark
chestnut. The prothoracic segment is broad and flattened, the pro-
thoracic shield very large and thick, of the same color as the head.
The body is pale flesh-colored; across the front of each segment is
a broken reddish-pink line of spots, while on the end of each seg-
ment is a conspicuous broad band of the same color. The pilifer-
ous warts are dark and conspicuous, giving rise to a long slender |
hair, some of them as long as the body is broad, or a little longer.
In some specimens the piliferous warts are almost reddish.

The subsequent changes are probably of little interest, as the
adaptation of form to burrowing habits, so striking in the fully-
developed larva, is already exhibited in the freshly-hatched cater-
pillar.

IV.—A Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder.

BY ALEXIS A. JULIEN.

Read April 24, 1893.

LITERATURE.

Bolton, H. Carrington. Scientific jottings on the Nile and in the desert.
Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences, IX (1890), 110-126.

Cooley, James Ewing. The American in Egypt, with rambles through Arabia
Petrea and the Holy Land. New York, 1842.

Dalrymple, Donald. Meteorological and Medical Observations on the Climate
of Egypt. London, 1861.

Delesse, A. Sur la syén.te rose d’Egypte. Bulletin de la Société Géologique
de France. 2° Série, VII (1850), 484. Paris, 1850.

Description de VEgypte, ou Recueil des Observations et des Recherches qui
ont été faites en Egypte, pendant Expédition de 1’Armée francaise.
Paris, 1809.

Coutelle, J. M. J. Observations Météorologiques faites au Kaire en 1799,
1800, et 1801. Histoire Naturelle, Texte, I, 334.

Gratien-le-Pére. Mémoire sur la Ville d’Alexandrie. Etat Moderne, III,
279.

Jomard, Edmé Francois. Description de Syéne et des Cataractes. De-
scription. Mémoires, I, 61.

Nouet. Observations Météorologiques et Hygrométriques faites dans
diverses Villes de l’Egypte. Histoire Naturelle. Texte, I.

Draper, Daniel. Abstract of Registers: New York Meteorological Observatory
of the Department of Public Parks, Central Park. New York, 1880-
1889.

Dudley, P. H. Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences, V (1885),
67. New York, 1886.

Egleston, Thomas. The Disintegration of the Egyptian Obelisk in the Central
Park, New York.* American Society of Civil Engineers, XV (1886),
79-84. New York, 1886.

Foissac, Pierre. De la Météorologie dans ses rapports avec la science de
Vhomme. Deux tomes. Paris, 1854.

Frazer, Persifor. Cleopatra’s Needle: Mineralogical and Chemical Examina-
tion of the Rock of the Obelisk, lately transported to New York by
Lieut.-Commander Henry H. Gorringe, U.S. N. [From Transactions
of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, XI (1883), 353-379. ]
New York, 1883.

Annats N. Y. Acap. Scr., VIII, June, 1893.

94 Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder.

Lane, Edward William. Account of the Manners and Customs of the Modern
Egyptians, 1833-35. Fifth edition. Two volumes. London, 1871.

Lefévre. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France. 1° Série, X (1838).
Paris, 1839.

Lebas, Jean Baptiste Apollinaire. L’Obélisque de Luxor; Histoire de sa
Translation a Paris. Paris, 1839.

Lepsius, Karl Richard. Letters from Egypt, Ethiopia, and the Peninsula of
Sinai. Translated by L. and J. B. Horner. London, 1853.

Lockyer, J. Norman. On some Points in the early History of Astronomy.
Nature, Vols. 43, 44, and 45. London, 1891.

Mariette-Bey, Auguste Edouard. Karnak: Etude Topographique et Archéo-
logique, avec un Appendice comprenant les principaux Textes hiéro-
glyphiques. Planches. Leipzig, 1875.

Newbold, Lieut. On the Geology of Egypt. Proceedings of the Geological
Society of London, June 29, 1842 (See Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London,
IV (1848), 324).

Petrie, W. M. Flinders. Kahun, Gurob, and Hawara. Memoir of Egyptian
Exploration Fund. London, 1890.

Poole, R. 8. Encyclopedia Brittanica. Article ‘‘Egypt.’’ VII.

Report on the Condition of the Obelisk in Central Park, New York, by Com-
mittee of Experts appointed by the Department of Public Parks. Ex-
tracted from Official Documents of the Board. Document No. 118. June
18,1890. New York, 1890.

Savary, Claude Etienne. Letters on Egypt. Translated from the French.
Two vols. Second Edition. London, 1787.

Shaw, Thomas. Travels or Observations Relating to Several Parts of Barbary
and the Levant. Oxford, 1738.

Stelzner, Alfred. On the Biotite-holding Amphibole-granite from Syene
(Assuan). Transactions of the American Institute of Mining Engineers,
XI (1883).

Volney, Constantin Francois Chasseboeuf, Comte de. Travels through Syria
and Egypt, in the years 1783, 1784, and 1785. Translated from the
French. Two vols. London, 1787.

Wigner, G. W. Analyst. London, 1878.

Wilkinson, John Gardiner. Topography of Thebes and General View of
Egypt. London, 1835.

Wilkinson, John Gardiner. Thebes and Pyramids. Topographical Survey
of Thebes. Maps. London, 1830.

See also List of Literature preceding my paper on

The Misfortunes of an Obelisk. Bulletin of the American Geographical
Society, XXV (1893), 66. New York, 1893.

To the geologist, musing over a rusty coated, ice-scratched peb-
ble—picked up, perhaps, the other day in Central Park, not far from
the base of the Obelisk, or over some huge boulder, which, on tap

phe reyes

Study of the New York Obelisk asa Decayed Boulder. 95

of hammer or thrust of cane, tumbles at once into fragments, a
fascinating but most perplexing problem is offered in trying to
unravel the vicissitudes of its past history. Through the work of
Dolomieu, T. Sterry Hunt, and others, we have caught some glimp-
ses of its quiet youth, when, locked up within the original rock-
stratum, its rounded form was first slowly etched out by the under-
eround gnomes—the forces of subterranean disintegration and
chemical decay.

Then followed the stirring experiences of its middle age, when,
in our latitude, torn out by torrent or by the continental glacier
from its softened bed, it was rasped by partly decayed and angular
gravel, hurled down deep fissures, crushed under the enormous
weight of thousands of feet of ice, jammed against other boulders,
ground down over the rocky glacier-bottom, and at times rolled
over and over in the rush of a glacier-river.

At last came old age, when, stranded upon the surface of the
land, it was drenched by rains or melting snow, repeatedly surface-
dried by intense heat of summer’s sun, even roasted at times by
passing forest-fires, frozen and thawed again and again, and soaked
in organic acids from soil or swamp, until completely changed in
molecular arrangement, and partly in material, through and through.

Within, by absorption of oxygen and water, and consequent
production of new salts and combinations of increased molecular
volume, the entire aggregate of mineral crystals remained locked
in intense strain, the relief attained by partial closing of old joint-
planes having been offset by development, through such minerals
as the feldspars, of innumerable fine clefts and spongy vacuoles.

Without, by the insinuation of water and thrusting force of frost-
erystals, the co-adherence of the grains was loosened, the inner
strain largely relieved, and the outer part of the boulder expanded
in a series of coats, successively softer, more porous and swollen
toward the exterior.

So at last the successive crusts have tended to exfoliate and fall
away, until many an aged boulder has crumbled to fragments and
dust, with its story forever untold.

In the case of some particular boulder, the student may often
make out part of this history, its original site and source, its glacial
experience, the distance of its transport, etc.; but as to the exact
agents of decay, their relative efficiency, and, especially, the dura-
tion of the trial, he possesses no measure and can make no estimate.

96 Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder.

If only some boulder could be found whose whole story was known,
whose hieroglyphic striz could be entirely interpreted!

It has occurred to me that on many of these points we may be
able to gain some facts of value through a special study of at least
one huge block of hewn granite, whose known but vast antiquity
renders it, to some degree, comparable with a natura] boulder, while
its record of varying experiences of natural and artificial agencies
of destruction is quite definitely known. A recent re-awakening of
public interest in the Egyptian Obelisk, now in Central Park, New
York, and of anxiety as to its permanent preservation, led to the
appointment, in 1890, by the Board of Commissioners of the Public
Parks, of two successive Committees of Experts to consider these
subjects. Service on these committees gave me the opportunity of
commencing a series of experiments, whose continuance, at inter-
vals, during the last three years, has yielded the results presented
in this paper.

Moreover, the Nile valley, as well as the streets and squares of
European capitals, is strewn with similar Egyptian boulders, of huge
size and of the same homogeneous granite, which have long lain in
definite positions, exposed to known agencies of geological change,
during periods coeval with the establishment of ancient dynasties,
often yet plainly recorded upon their faces. For at least the partial
elucidation of our problem, we are fortunate to possess, in this
peculiar class of historical monuments, a happily arranged series of
trial-boulders of approximately known age and tests.

The history of the Obelisk is naturally divided into four periods,
corresponding to the four sites it has occupied: Syene (Sun-t or
Assouan), where it was quarried; An (On or Heliopolis), where it
stood erect for about 1050 years, and then perhaps lay prostrate for
513 years longer; Alexandria, where it stood for 1893 years; and
New York, where it has fought with the elements for over 12 years,
since its re-erection, January 22, 1881.

J. SYENE.

At this point, 560 miles north of Cairo, the great range of the
Libyan Mountains, called the Gebel Silsilih, ‘‘Mountain of the
Chain,” is crossed by the Nile through a narrow gorge. Above,
its obstruction of the waters of the river, with a chain, as it were,
of rocky ledges, forms the famous First Cataract. In these moun-

Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder. 91

tains, on the east side of the river, a short distance above the present
village of Assouan, lie the old quarries of Sun-t (‘‘ Entrance giver’’)
of ancient Egypt, which yielded the so-called ‘‘oriental granite,”
“syenitic marble,” or ‘“‘Thebaic Stone,” out of which nearly all
obelisks and colossi were cut. This was the ‘‘ machet” or ‘‘mahet,”
“heart-stone,”’ of the old Egyptians, so-called, it may be, on account
of its hardness and durability,’ perhaps in connection with its bright
red color. For the same reason, on account of its flame-colored
erystals of microcline, the Greeks afterward called it pyropecilon,
the fire-variegated stone.

1. Mineral constitution of Syene granite.

According to the observations of Russegger, as Prof. Alfred
Stelzner states:

“The structure and composition of the ‘Oriental granites’ are
very variable. Coarsely granular varieties, made porphyritie by
microcline? crystals, which are distributed without regularity in the
main mass, seem to be the most usual. They occur immediately in
the neighborhood of Syene (Assuan). Out of these are developed
locally (for instance, on the road along the cataracts of Syene) such
coarsely granular masses, that the individual feldspar and quartz
constituents reach the size of a cubic foot; in other places, the size of
the grains diminishes, and then there results, by a parallel arrange-
ment of the flakes of mica, a gneissoid rock. Among the varieties
of composition three are especially given. That which seems to be
most widely distributed is an amphibole-granite, containing biotite,
in the composition of which microcline,’ oligoclase, quartz, amphi-
bole, and biotite take part. Some of the principal localities for this
are the old quarries near Syene, and, besides this, Djebel Gareb and
Djebel Ezzeit. This principal rock, by the gradual diminution of
its hornblende, either merges into normal biotite-granite, which may
be either rich in mica (east side of the hill on which the town of
Syene is built) or poor in mica (Debu); or it passes, by disappear-
ance of its quartz and the predominance of its hornblende, into nor-
mal syenite.”’

By the last term, Stelzner refers to the combination of microcline
(or of orthoclase) with hornblende, free from quartz, to which the
German petrographers now confine the name syenite. The por-
phyritic hornblendic granite of the old quarries of Syene varies also

1 Lenormant, op. cit., 25. 2 Frazer, loc. cit., 367.

98 Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder.

greatly in lithological constitution. Commonly it consists of bright
red to yellowish red microcline in large twins; white oligoclase,
sometimes yellowish or greenish; smoky and gray quartz; black
biotite, sometimes brown or green; the last often replaced in part
or altogether by black amphibole. Less commonly occur yellow
mica, pyrite, magnetite, and dark brown garnet. Hematite in
hexagonal or rhombic reddish plates, yellowish red titanite, color-
less apatite, zircon, viridite, and yellowish green needles of pistazite
have also been detected. Newbold also reports:’ ‘‘Schorl, black
and green, and actinolite are minerals occasionally found in the
granite of Upper Egypt, as well as the chrysoberyl.”

In the quartz, Stelzner also distinguishes capillary black needles,
which I have recognized as rutile; and in its larger grains, cloud-
like zones of fluid cavities, in the smaller of which the bubbles
show invariably more or less motion. To this I can add, from
examination of my own thin sections of rock from the Obelisk, that
the fluid contents of these cavities consist sometimes of brine, some-
times of liquid carbon dioxide. Delesse attributes its smoky tint
to the presence of a very small quantity of organic matter.

As to the proportion of the main constituents, the following per-
centage results have been reported :—

By volume. By weight.

Mica . Z 3 : Ae ec 36
Quartz : : 5 : . 44 33
Microcline . ‘ - . 33043 1 3]
Oligoclase . : - : ~ ¥§ |
100 100

In my examination of the four sides of the Obelisk in 1890, while
hanging in a chair from its summit during several days, I recog-
nized, in addition to the common constituents already named, the
occasional presence of magnetite, and, on the upper part of the N.N.E.
face, very rare particles of pyrite, giving rise to slight ochreous
rings of decomposition.

2. Distribution and condition of minerals on the surface
of the Obelisk.

In examining the W.N.W. face of the shaft, black mica was found
to he specially abundant, in bright scales in large part inclined about

1 Newbold, loc. cit., 340. 2 Delesse, loc. cit., 489.
3G. W. Wigner, loc. cit.

_.

Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder. 99

45° toward the north. Occasional large bunches of granular horn-
blende occur, elongated, with their major axes inclined to the N.N.E.,
marking the original bedding plane of the granite. The microcline
erystals are often 1 inch long by $ to ? of an inch wide, with high
lustre on many fresh faces. Those of the white feldspar (oligoclase)
were occasionally bright, but, in larger part, dull and whitened.
However, I was rarely able to detect fine cracks in any of the feld-
spar, even on the old weathered surface. Near the bottom of the
shaft occurs a thin seam of hornblende-gneiss, several yards in
length, dipping sharply toward the north like the vein at the bot-
tom of the E.S.E face.

On the N.N.E. face of the shaft, the feldspar generally looked
dull, except on small half inch cleavage-planes, here and there.
. Many masses of hornblende occur, all of dull black color, but with-
out products of decay. A small bunch of pyritous material, nearly
2 cm. in length, was seen, blackened and dull. A large crystal of
white oligoclase, 2 cm. long, was covered with a dull white crust, 1
mm. in thickness. In and around the two cartouches of the second
row from the top, a large amount of hornblende occurs. At the
two cartouches of the third row, below the middle of the shaft, the
decay and dropping out of mica scales have caused much pitting of
the surface.

On the E.S.E. face of the shaft, between the legs of the middle
bull, a streak of hornblende-gneiss occurs, 10 cm. in length, with a
dip of 35° to the north; others are found in that vicinity, with the
same inclination. Most of the feldspar presents a waxy lustre (in
part due to the paraffin absorbed during the water-proofing treat-
ment in 1885), with occasional cleavage-planes of microcline, show-
ing bright lustre; in places, however, below, the feldspar is often of
brownish red rusty appearance. Between the two cartouches of the
second row, across the body of the owl, runs a black seam of horn-
blende-gneiss, two feet in length. A little above a lower cartouche,
in the north column, are rusty stains, like those from decomposing
pyrite; the feldspar grains are sprinkled with bright red spots; and
the surfaces of the oligoclase crystals are dull white and pitted. The
bottom of this cartouche is crossed by a lenticular black mass of
hornblende-gneiss, dipping about 40° to the north; smaller ones
occur beneath. Below this, fresh and bright surfaces of oligoclase
were noticed, but it was generally dull and whitened; and indeed
the feldspar planes, all the way down this side, are often softer and

100 Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder.

more inclined to powder than on the north side. At the bottom of
the shaft occurs the great seam of hornblende, of which the cleft has
now been partly filled with cement.

On the S.S.W. side of the shaft, at the top, the feldspar and mica
appear bright on all the fresh surfaces. About a third of the way
down, near the second row of cartouches, the red microcline, quartz,
and mica continue to be wonderfully bright and glittering; the
feldspar crystals sometimes 3 inches long by ? of an inch wide, and
the quartz in occasional flakes, 3 to 4 inches long. A small lens of
hornblende-gneiss, 2 inches long, was seen just below the pyramid-
ion, but none further down. About 22 feet above the bottom of the
shaft, the grains of quartz and feldspar are often bright, and appa-
rently with as few cracks as in any fresh granite; the feldspar crys-
tals are salmon-colored to pink, generally 14 inches long by } to $ -
inch wide, and some show dull lustre. The white grains of oligo-
clase are here abundant, dead-white and covered with snow-white
films (calcium carbonate?), forming irregular dull spots, $ to ? inch
in length. Many little flakes of black hornblende here occur, ap-
parently as numerous as those of black mica, and often surrounded
by ochreous particles and spots. The scales of black mica are shin-
ing and flat, and never show curling. Along the bottom of the
lowest cartouche, in the east column, near the bottom of the shaft,
the black streaks consist of flakes of black hornblende. A crystal of
microcline was noticed below, with pale altered edge.

In regard to the distribution of the biotite and hornblende on the
four faces of the Obelisk, I found that it varies greatly, biotite in
general largely replacing the hornblende. Where the latter occurs,
it may be alone and scattered in grains, or intermixed and closely
interpenetrated with biotite, or concentrated in large masses, often
lenticular in outline, or thinning out at one or both ends into wedge-
like seams. In these masses, the plates and bunches of hornblende,
as well as of any biotite intermixed, are arranged in nearly parallel
planes; so that, in fact, they present all the features of intermixed
masses of hornblende-schist, more or less biotitic. Still further, the
planes of these schist-enclosures lie very nearly parallel, so that this
obelisk-mass presents to us the last stage of a transition of horn-
blende-schist into a gneissoid hornblendic or biotitic granite. The
most extensive of these enclosures of hornblende-schist is that near
the base of the shaft which forms a narrow black seam running up
the W.N.W. face, and, on the E.S.E. face, has in olden time partly

Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder. 101

weathered or fallen out and formed the well-known rift or notch! at
the east base, partly filled and pointed with cement, at the time of
the treatment of the Obelisk in 1885.

There is an interesting correspondence, in both constitution and
origin, between the rocks of New York Island and those of Syene.
The so-called ‘‘Graywacke Knoll,’ on which the Obelisk now
stands, consists of biotitic hornblende-schist and gneiss, closely
resembling the black seams in the monolith. This mass is crossed
by a vein of coarse endogenous granite, very similar in places to
that of the Obelisk itself, which is now covered by the western
steps leading up to the platform; some branching seams of this
granite still project on the sides of the steps. On account of this
resemblance, except in the brighter red color and porphyritic char-
acter of the Obelisk-granite, a box of fragments of rubbish from this
vein was kept at hand by the workmen, at the time of the water-
proofing of the monument in 1885, to satisfy the constant demands
of visitors from all parts of the country for specimens from the
monument, and admirably answered the purpose to the gratifica-
tion of both parties.

It would appear that the strongly marked bedding, apparent in
photographic views of the old quarries at Assouan, and in con-
formity with which all the obelisks were hewn, is not, at least in
all cases, the true plane of original stratification. This bedding
plane is shown in the gneissoid structure of our Obelisk and now
stands upright in the shaft. But, to the geologist’s eye, the New
York Obelisk is merely a long block of biotitic, porphyritic granitoid
gneiss, in part hornblendic, crossed by seams and lenticular nodules
of black hornblende-schist, whose lamination (probably signifying
the true original bedding) now happens to be set up, so to speak,
with a strike of W.N.W. to E.S.E., and a dip of 40° to N.N.E.

3. Entasis of E.S.E. face of the New York Obelisk.

While here discussing the locality and original source of the
material of Egyptian obelisks, we may refer to one feature of the
New York monolith to which my attention was first called by
Prof. R. O. Doremus, a slight curvature, longitudinally convex, of
its present E.S.E. face. On farther examination, there appeared to
me, also, a very slight lateral convex curvature of the same face,

1 Gorringe, op. cit., 12.

102 Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder.

from each edge up to a central line; but the opposite (W.N.W)
face appears to be plane and its edges straight. The exact determi-
nation of this point could not be well carried out from my unsteady
position in a swinging boatswain’s chair.

A corresponding curvature or entasis has already been noticed in
several Egyptian obelisks. In the northern erect Obelisk of Queen
Hatasu at Karnak, a decided convexity of at least one of its faces
was observed by Verninac St. Maur.’ In the Obelisk of Thothme-
ses III, now in front of the Church of St. Giovanni in Laterano,
at Rome, of which the shaft is 105 feet 7 inches in height, the
western face is slightly convex, and the pyramidal finish at the top
has a small convexity on each of the four sides.2 But the best
known and most marked entasis occurs in the two obelisks of
Luxor (of which the western is now at Paris). In each, the N.W.
and §8.E. sides are convex, to an extent of 0030 and 0.035 meter®
respectively (13 and 134 inches), at the middle of the rounding,
measured from a straight line across from edge to edge. In regard
to the object of this curvature, Wilkinson states :* ‘‘ The faces, par-
ticularly those which are opposite to each other, are remarkable for
a slight convexity of their centres, which appears to have been
introduced to obviate the shadow thrown by the sun, even when on
a line with a plane surface. The exterior angle thus formed, by the
intersecting lines of direction of either side of the face, is about 3°.”
Both the Luxor obelisks, however, have also a longitudinal curva-
ture of the same two faces, amounting to 0.020 and 0.045 meter
respectively, in the Paris Obelisk, that on the N.W. face being con-
vex and that on the 8.E. concave. Hence all their longitudinal edges
are convex to the N.W., 7.e., toward the Nile. By Prof. Donald-
son’ these curvatures are looked upon merely as defects in quarry-
ing, as he states: “I imagine that the first block must have been
irregularly marked out and worked, and the second one compelled
to follow the faulty line in the quarry.”

In regard to this feature in the New York Obelisk and those of
Luxor, I think it probable that at least longitudinal curvatures,
especially if with corresponding concavities on opposite side of the
blocks, may be but instances of tendency to curvature in splitting,
commonly observed in natural joints of granite and on the longer

1 Gorringe, idem, 121. 2 Long, idem, 336.
3 Lebas, idem, 63. 4 General View of Egypt, 167.
5 Parker, idem, 33.

Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder. 103

faces and bedding-planes of its quarries ; of this some evidence seems
to be shown in photographs of ledges in the Syene quarries.

It may be added that there is abundant evidence in the old
quarries of Syene of the great care and economy with which the
Bgyptians worked their highly prized ‘‘heart-stone,” and therefore
of the probable good condition in which their hewn blocks were
delivered ready for transport. But natural flaws occurred in the
stone, and the unequal strains produced by rude methods of quarry-
ing may have occasionally resulted in injury to some of the larger
blocks, e. g., the apparent cross-fissure in the famous partly hewn
quarry-obelisk. Such defect may be now represented in local weak-
ness in parts of the New York Obelisk and others, and in fractures
to their pyramidia.

The most noted example was the cracked base of the western
obelisk at Luxor, discovered, on the arrival of the French, by the
hollow sound it yielded to a gentle blow of a hammer.’ This caused
the engineer Lebas, at the time, great dismay and embarrassment,
lest he might afterwards be charged to have cracked the obelisk
while lowering it from its pedestal. The main fissure was twelve
feet in length, running along about one-sixth of the length of two
of the faces (as now shown in photographs of the Paris Obelisk).
It was ‘crossed by two dove-tailed mortises, filled with a yellowish
dust, the remains of wooden dogs, which must have been driven in,
before the erection, to prevent any possible widening of the crack.”

4, The nick in the north-northwest edge.

About half-way up the shaft, on the N.N.W. corner or edge, a
peculiar deep nick occurs, easily remarked from below, which also
appears in all photographs of adjacent faces of the monolith, taken
while it stood at Alexandria, previous to 1879. This seems hereto-
fore to have escaped particular attention, doubtless because it has
been considered a mere defect, like others of smaller size along that
and other edges of the shaft. I had opportunity to examine it with
some care, during my trips in the hanging chair up and down the
adjacent sides, and found it to pussess quite a symmetrical form,
that of a quarter section of a hemisphere. The height of the little
curved vault of the cavity is 7 inches, and the depth of its floor,
measured from the angle (radius of the hemisphere), 5 inches.

1 Lebas, idem, 45.

104 Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder.

Through the rock in its vicinity small bunches of black hornblende
are scattered, but none on the sides of the cavity. It does not
therefore appear to be the result of weathering away and dropping
out of any hornblende-mass or of other ordinary products of decay;
and its outlines do not conform to the natural cleavage of the stone.
Its peculiar shape, and its position—which is, I believe, exactly
half-way up the shaft, suggested the possibility that it may have
been an ancient artificial cut, perhaps a niche or shrine excavated
for the reception of a small golden image of some deity. If so,
whether this was done during the construction of the shaft at
Syene, or by Egyptian, Greek or Roman, at later date, at An, can
now be but a subject of conjecture. No corresponding cavity ap-
pears in photographs of other Egyptian obelisks, however, nor in
that of the fellow-obelisk now in London.

5. Decay of granite at Syene.

A general opinion has long prevailed that the climate of Syene
is one not only of extreme heat, but of unvarying aridity, and that
its rocks are consequently fresh and free from any but the most
superficial decay.

Thus Jomard,' in 1809, refers to Syene as ‘‘a place surrounded
on all sides by naked and browned rocks; a burning sky, never
tempered by a drop of rain. Martial has characterized in a single
line this aridity and this sombre color of the ground:

‘Scis quoties Phario madeat Jove fusca Syene.’2

If you break off a chip from these dark colored rocks, you are
surprised to see the rose-colored and brilliant tint which the frae-
ture has revealed. You wonder whether it is the action of the
air or that of the sun to which the surface owes its brown and deep
color. But what could an atmosphere of perpetual dryness pro-
duce on so hard a material? And, as to the heat, one can hardly
attribute this effect to it, except on the supposition of a period of
prodigious length ; because the hieroglyphs inscribed on these rocks
for a long time are still of a quite bright rose-color.”” Elsewhere
he explains that the wedge-marks and hewn surfaces in the granite
quarries still retain the same bright color. Lefévre,* in 1838, refers
to the more ancient syenite forming ‘‘cliffs resembling heaps of

1 Jomard, op. cit., I, ch. ii, 61. 2 Epigramm, Bk. IX, epigr. 36.
3 Lefévre, loc. cit., 144.

Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder. 105

rounded altered blocks,’’? and Delesse also states,’ ‘‘ Near the cata-
ract, the separated blocks of syenite have sometimes a spheroidal
form, and they disintegrate in concentric layers.’’ Lieut. Newbold
also reports :’ ‘“‘The granite of Egypt is freer from the decay, the
maladie du granit, than that of India, arising probably from the
peculiarly dry atmosphere of Egypt, which has been mainly instru-
mental in preserving, almost in their original freshness, its magnifi-
cent sculptures and vivid frescoes.”

As to the climate, however, there is abundant evidence of past
exaggeration of its arid character, and of the occurrence of heavy
falls of rain, though at long intervals, as well as of the constant
heavy dews. These render it certain that the action of water in
erosion, infiltration, and hydration has ever played a slow but
important part in effecting decay of the rock in that region.

For example, Lepsius relates, in his account of travel through
Egypt, that he encountered at Assouan a violent thunder-storm,
with heavy rain, which afterwards rolled down the Nile valley for
nearly 600 miles, as far as Cairo.®

Concerning the Libyan hills, Ebers also states :* ‘‘ From time to
time—trarely indeed, and in most cases only once a year, in the
winter months—dark storm-clouds gather around the heads of the
mountains; and soon the rain pours down with such violence, on
the hill country, that it seems as if all the collected vapors of the
year were being restored to the earth in one tremendous torrent.
The brooks and cascades that tumble down the rifts and crevices in
the mountains collect in the valleys; the streams form a regular
system of little rivers; and at last, gathering in one main valley,
the flood rolls on, either slowly and majestically, or vehemently,
ruining all it meets with on its way, till it loses itself in the Red
Sea or the Nile.”

Further data on this subject are given beyond, in the notes on
the climate of Alexandria (Section 11).

It is also apparent, by a study of views and photographs from
this region and of references to its scenery by passing travellers,
that the picturesque character of the vicinity of Syene is mainly
due to the extent and character of general rock-dlecomposition
which there prevails, Thus Denon,’ in 1802, describes the scenery

1 Delesse, loc. cit., 488. 2 Newbold, loc. cit., 340.
3 Lepsius, Letters from Egypt, 119. 4 Kbers, op. cit., I, 333.
5 Denon, op. cit., 83.

Awnats N. Y. Acap. Sc1., VIII, July, 1893.—8

106 Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder.

near the First Cataract: ‘‘These mountains, all bristling with
black and sharp projections, cast their sombre reflections in the
waters of the stream. ... After passing the cataracts, the rocks
grow loftier, and, on their summit, blocks of granite are heaped up,
appearing to cluster together and to hang in equipoise, as if with
the purpose of producing the most picturesque effects. Through
these rough and rugged forms, the eye all at once discovers the
magnificent monuments of the Island of Phil.” Miss Amelia B.
Edwards' also refers to the same scene: ‘‘ Perhaps the most entirely
curious and unaccustomed features in all this scene are the moun-
tains. . . . Other mountains are homogeneous and thrust them-
selves up from below in masses suggestive of primitive disruption
and upheaval. These seem to lie upon the surface foundationless;
rock loosely piled on rock, boulder on boulder; like stupendous
cairns, the work of demi-gods and giants. Here and there, on shelf
or summit, a huge rounded mass, many tons in weight, hangs
poised capriciously.”

The peculiar features which mark an extensive, deep and long
continued decay of rock in place are well shown in the accompany-
ing illustration, from a photograph made by my friend, Dr. H.
Carrington Bolton, of a granite-cliff about 2 miles south of Syene
(PI. 1V). We have here all the indications of a slow decay, progress-
ing most rapidly along the planes of bedding and jointage, also eating
out the latent lines of shrinkage and weakness, and so dividing the
whole mass into angular fragments, with slight adherence, only
remaining in place by gravity, like the boulders in a stone-wall.
Exfoliation has partly rounded the angular blocks at their corners
and edges, even in position; while those on the crest, and those
that have rolled out into full exposure to sun and to night-radia-
tion, have been largely rounded off into true boulder form.

[At this point a series of recent photographs was exhibited, in-
cluding the following: View of the First Cataract from the S.W.,
with deeply etched and roughened boulders and tops of columns,
on the crest of the cliff in the foreground: View of an old watch-
tower near Syene, showing horizontal bedding and strong joints
in the cliff, and several well rounded boulders, with surface scaling
off in successive coats: Frith’s view of Phil, from the head of the
cataract, on the north, showing the deep erosion of the strong joints,

1 Edwards, op. cit., 231.

at > “ag

Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder. 107

and etched surfaces of rounded boulders, near the level of the river:
Views from Phil to the N. and to the 8.W., showing development
of columnar structure by the decay, in the direction of the strike,
and formation of elongated boulders: Views of Phil from the E.
and from the 8.W., showing the eroded columns of ‘ Pharaoh’s
Throne,” rounded ledges, with hard seams (of quartz?) projecting
above the eroded surfaces, and huge exfoliating boulders. |

These forms are so familiar to the geologist’s eye, as character-
istic of rock-decomposition in a climate of heavy rainfall and winter
frosts, that it is at first hard to believe that these occur in one of
the most arid regions on the globe, where frost is unknown. The
topographical features suggest the probability that, throughout the
entire upper stratum of granite, to which the Egyptian quarrymen
were compelled to limit their exploitation, not exceeding a thickness
of 60 or 70 feet, the stone was already quite uniformly affected by a
kind of “dry rot.”’ Further light on this matter will be presented
beyond, in physical tests made on the freshest stone I have been
able to procure from the Assouan quarries.

To Villiers Stuart’ we owe an archeological observation at the
First Cataract, whose geological importance seems to have been
overlooked: ‘‘We landed at the island of Schael, just below the
falls, to examine the inscriptions on the rocks; they are very
numerous and curious, and extend over a period of 2000 years.
The earliest we saw was of Ousertasen the Third, of the XIIth
dynasty (2200 B. C., Lepsius) . . There is a special interest about
Ousertasen’s, for it was inscribed while the Nile was still at its
original level, 23 feet higher than now; and accordingly it stands
high upon the rocks. . . . They are all cut in granite, and Ouser-
tasen’s showed its great age by the fact that a process of decay in
the granite itself had set in, the once polished surface being corroded
and eaten by the tooth of time, and the outlines somewhat blurred.
High up among the loftiest rocks of the island, however, I found
another inscription and a statuette cut in bold relief in a niche
which must have been much older even than Ousertasen; the
granite had so entirely decayed that the features of the statue had
dissolved and were undistinguishable. There were many lines of
hieroglyphics in like manner quite decayed and illegible. No clue
therefore existed to the date except the condition of the stone,

1 Nile Gleanings, 203.

108 Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder.

which, though in a sheltered angle of the rocks and less exposed
than Ousertasen’s, was much further gone. It may have been of
the Pyramid period” (IVth dynasty, 3124-2840 B. C., Lepsius).
This would involve an exposure of 50 or more centuries.

On the other hand, Delesse states :' ‘In the Egyptian Museum of
the Louvre, the feet and the head of the colossal statue of Amenophis
III, as well as a large number of sculptures, which, under the per-
petually pure sky of Egypt, have not experienced any alteration
during the greater part of the time, have even preserved the most
perfect polish after nearly 4000 years.”

From all these observations at Syene, the following conclusions
may be drawn :—

(1). The predominant destructive process has not been external,
such as disintegration by the heat of the sun, attrition by sand
whirled by the wind, ete.; here, as elsewhere, these have played a
secondary part. A certain degree of polish has been produced on the
surface of ledges by sand-attrition, by occasional heavy rains, and
by the mud-laden waters of the Nile up to the limit of its flood-line.

(2). The main process has been one of internal decay, most
efficient along the joint- and bedding-planes of the granite, even to
the lowest depths now observable, and producing long columnar
masses. The chemical decay and disintegration have also seriously
attacked the irregular planes of contraction and eaten them out into
an irregular network of fissures, which mark the latent lines of
weakness throughout the material, and divide it into angular blocks.

(3). The gradual decomposition of the ferruginous silicates over
the surface of the ledges (biotite, hornblende, and the feldspars) has
left their feebly soluble bases, in this arid climate, as a polished
black crust of iron and manganese oxides. The other more soluble
and finer products of decay have been removed by occasional rains
and constant action of the wind.

(4). The outer forms assumed by the cliffs largely indicate their
variation in materials and in their resistance to decomposition and
erosion: the projecting masses consist of the more compact kinds of
granite and porphyry, and even thin projecting seams and nodules
of quartz: the hollows and fissures, of softer granite and of inter-
calated seams of hornblende-schist. A considerable internal expan-
sion of material is shown by the general scaling of the surface and

1 Delesse, loc. cit., 490.

etmek ot

Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder. 109

rounding of angles and edges. The predominance of these rounded
forms in loosened and isolated blocks, and in the projecting tops of
columns, probably signifies the efficient help of the heat of the sun
and of alternations of temperature.

(5). As to the amount of degradation of the surface, we may
probably get some estimate through the observations of Stuart on
the effacement of the older hieroglyphs on the island of Schael.
Since the ordinary depth of such carvings is from 2 to 4 centi-
meters, we may infer that the granite has decayed in these places,
during the period which has elapsed since their execution, from 40
to 50 centuries, to the depth of at least 1 centimeter and perhaps
over 2 centimeters.

It must always be a subject of regret that Commander Gorringe,
during his stay at Alexandria for the removal of our Obelisk, was
not able to visit this region and to become impressed with the uni-
versal and deep decay prevailing throughout this durable rock of
Syene. In that case, it is probable that he would not have replied,
as in 1880, to a suggestion of the need of the New York Obelisk of
protection from the weather by some preservative: ‘It has lasted
nearly 4000 years and will probably last 4000 more. I think we
need not trouble ourselves about it.”? It was but a repetition of
the mistake of his predecessor, Rameses IT, who, in his invocation
to the gods, recorded in the poem of Pen-ta-our, alludes to the
“ eternal stones’ which he has erected in his temples to their honor.

i Atne

The next step in the history of our Obelisk was its conveyance
from Syene to the ancient city of An (or Heliopolis, as the Greeks
called it), near the site of the present Arab village of Mataria, about
6 miles N.E. of Cairo.

6. Position of our Obelisk at An.

This city of An was built upon a somewhat raised, artificial plat-
form, extending over an area (according to Mariette-Bey) of about
4560 by 3450 feet. Here our Obelisk, together with its companion,
now in London, was raised before the Temple of the Sun by Thothb-
meses III of the XI Xth dynasty, about the year 1600 B.C. As

1 Report on Condition of Obelisk, 4.

110 Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder.

to the situation of the great Sun Temple, and of the great gate or
propylon standing before it, archwologists agree in assigning it to
the western part of the city, toward the Nile and the setting sun.
The English traveller, Pococke, in 1743, traced out the boundaries of
the mounds, as indicating the outlines of the ancient city. Brugsch,
however, maintains that these mounds show only the limits of the
walls of the temple, and are themselves but the remains of the walls
of a Coptic town which occupied the site of the temple, a few cen-
turies before our era.

The temple was specially devoted to Atum-Ra or Tum, the God
of the Setting Sun. Before the great propylon, in approaching it
from the west, rose a pair of Obelisks of Usertesen I of the XIIth
dynasty, probably erected about 2300 B. C., fully 700 years before
our own monolith. Pococke located these almost opposite to the
passage through the mounds which he considered to be the west
city gate, but a little more to the south. One of the pair fell in
1160 A.D , having been undermined by treasure-hunters, and has
long disappeared. It was perhaps last seen prostrate in 1753 A.D.,
by Robert Clayton;! of the present erect shaft, Savary stated in
1787, ‘this and one sphynx of yellowish marble, thrown in the
dust, are the only remains of Heliopolis.’”

Passing next through the propylon and between two rows of
marble sphynxes, the temple itself was reached, with two pairs of
obelisks before it. The pair next the portal of the temple was the
more ancient, consisting of the monolith which now stands at Con-
stantinople (the Atmeidan Obelisk, with its lower end broken off,
but still 554 feet in height), and of a missing companion, of whose
fate nothing is now known. The outer pair consisted of the obelisk
now at London, on the right (S.W.), and of our own Obelisk on
the left (N.E.).

1. Orientation of sides of our Obelisk at An.

In regard to the position in which the sides of the Obelisk were
then placed, a consideration of the inscriptions within the pictured
squares on the four faces of the pyramidion throws some light. In
those of the present N.N.E. and E.S.E. faces,’ the King Thoth-
meses is represented in the form of an androsphynx, worshipping
the God of the Rising and Noon-day Sun, Hor-kKhuti-Ra. In the

1 A Journal from Grand Cairo, 7. 2 Savary, op. cit., I, 123.
3 Moldenke, op. cit., 54 and 47.

a ere

Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder. 111

pictures of the 8.S.W. and W.N.W. faces! of the pyramidion, the
object of the king’s worship is Atum-Ra, the God of the Setting
Sun, to whom the Sun Temple at An was specially dedicated, at
least during and after the XIIth dynasty, by the re-builder of the
sanctuary, Amenemhat I. In harmony, therefore, with the pur-
pose and custom of the sun-worship, the former two faces must
have been originally so placed, on the erection of this shaft at An,
as to have been lit by the rays of the rising sun, and the latter two, by
those of the setting sun. The similar pictures on the pyramidion
of the London Obelisk intimate that its faces were arranged in a
corresponding position. Indeed the same key to the position of
their faces is afforded by the similar pairs of pictures on the faces
of the pyramidia of several other obelisks.

A more definite indication is probably shown in the position of
the faces of the present Obelisk of An, which probably stood in
front of the pylon of the Sun Temple, at a site more westerly than
that of the New York and London obelisks. As to this, Niebuhr
has noted that its angles are now directed to the 8.S.E., N.N.W.,
E.N.E., and W.8.W.? Archeologists, however, have pointed out
the evidences of a historical catastrophe, in early Egyptian history,
unrecorded in the inscriptions, during which, perhaps by a great
revolution or invasion, all the monuments, temples, and obelisks of
Lower Egypt were overturned ; some writers attribute it to inva-
ders, such as the Hykshos, 2398 B.C. Some of the monuments
have ever since lain prostrate, e.g., the stela of Begig of Userte-
sen I, in the Fayoum. Others, like this Obelisk of An and its
former companion, were afterwards re-erected by the Egyptians.
Their ancient low pedestals, consisting of a layer of sandstone
blocks, had been probably undisturbed, and probably guided their
re-adjustment in their former and proper position. The evidence
of this surviving obelisk on the site of An is therefore that the
front of the pylon, the facade of the Sun Temple beyond, and the
corresponding western faces of all its six obelisks (if Niebuhr’s
observation is exact), faced to about W.N.W., ¢.e., W. 22° N.

We have evidence, in the ancient documents, of a ceremonial
attending the foundation of an Egyptian temple, which signified a
deliberate design as to the direction in which it was to be laid out;

1 Moldenke, idem, 50 and 52. 2 Long, idem, 316.
3 Cooper, idem, 17.

112 Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder.

in this, the King and the God are represented holding stakes upright
between them, around which a looped cord is drawn tightly, so as
to indicate a definite direction; along the line then shown by the
stakes, driven into the ground, a boundary wall of the new temple
was erected. In an inscription dating over 2000 years B. C., this
ceremonial is related concerning the foundation of this very Sun
Temple at An, by the founder of the XIIth dynasty, Amenemhat I,
and his son and co-regent, Usertesen I, who afterwards set up the
present Obelisk of An:

‘“‘Arose the King, attired in His necklace and the feather-crown ;
All the world followed Him, and the Majesty of Amenemhat.
The Kolchyt read the sacred text, during the stretching of the
measuring-cord and the laying of the foundation-stone on
the piece of ground selected for this temple.

Then withdrew His Majesty Amenemhat;

And King Usertesen wrote it down before the people.”

As to the intent of the particular direction given to the measuring-
cord, we now have a satisfactory explanation through the investiga-
tions of Nissen, in 1885,’ and of Lockyer (op. cit.) in 1891. The
varying courses of the axes of different Egyptian temples appear
to have been directed to points on the horizon which marked the
periodical rising or setting of the sun, moon, or certain stars, par-
ticularly at the summer and winter solstices. The apertures in the
huge pylons and in the series of separating walls and portals beyond,
toward the Holy Place, exactly represent the diaphragms in the
modern telescope, and were intended to keep the light pure, from
the luminary rising or setting on the horizon, and so lead it directly
into the sanctuary at a definite moment. A solar temple was there-
fore so oriented to the horizon, at a solstice, that, either at sunrise
or at sunset, the light of the sun should pour along the axis from
end to end. Several of the solar temples were thus directed toward
the point of the setting sun at the summer solstice, when the day
was longest; and to this class, of course, must have belonged the
Sun Temple of Atum-Raat An. There, once a year, past its double
emblem before the pylon, the pairs of obelisks, the sunbeam sped
through the huge portal, through the double line of sphynxes and
the colonnade of temple-columns, through opened doorways and
parted curtains, and flashed through the portal of the dark Holy of

1 Rheinisches Museum fiir Philologie, 1585.

Rr os

Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder. 113

Holies as a glittering spot of light upon the end-wall—for a few
moments only, it may be, and then vanished away. So began the
first day of Thoth, the first month of the Egyptian year. The
orientation of the axis, over a quarter mile in length, of the mag-
nificent Solar Temple of Amen-Ra, at Karnak, has been determined
with an amplitude of W. 26° N.,! and that of Abydos, W. 27° N.
The latitude of Karnak is about 26° N., and that of An about 30°
N., which (according to an approximate calculation made for me by
Prof. J. K. Rees, of the Astronomical Observatory at Columbia
College, New York) would add about one degree to the amplitude
of the sun-setting point at the summer solstice.

Although, therefore, not a single stone remains of the ancient
Sun Temple of An, it appears quite certain that its axis was directed
to W. 27° N., and to that point faced the front side of the New
York Obelisk, over thirty-five centuries ago.

8. The mutilation of the Obelisk by jire.

After standing, probably undisturbed, for about 1050 years, the
Persian Invasion of Egypt occurred, during which, about 525 B. C.,
the city and Temple of An were destroyed, as related by the geo-
grapher Strabo,’ who visited Egypt 24 B.C.:

““There, too, is Heliopolis, situated on a large mound. ... At
present the city is entirely deserted. It has an ancient temple con-
structed after the Egyptian manner, bearing many proofs of the
madness and sacrilegious acts *of Cambyses, who did very great
injury to the temples, partly by fire, partly by violence, mutilating
in some cases and applying fire in otbers. Jn this manner he in-,
jured the obelisks, two of which that were not entirely spoilt were
transported to Rome. There are others, both here and at Thebes
(the present Diospolis), some of which are standing, much corroded
by fire, and others lying on the ground.”

There are two reasons for believing that our Obelisk and its com-
panion would particularly attract the fierce indignation and attack
of the Persians, perhaps above all the others which gave to the city
its name of the ‘‘City of Obelisks:” first, their prominent position
before the facade of the Temple of the Sun: secondly, the names
of the two kings repeatedly inscribed in cartouches, among the
hieroglyphs over every side of these two shafts.

1 Compare Map No. 1, Wilkinson, Thebes and Pyramids.
2 Book XVII, i, 27.

114 Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder.

To the westward, for reasons before explained, the present W.S.W.
angle of our monolith must have been directed, so that, to one who
approached the Temple, the inscriptions on the present S.8.W. and
W.N.W. sides first became visible. This conspicuous position might
have been sufficient in itself to invoke the special fury of the destroyer.
But to this must have been added the intense hatred of the Persian
toward the two warlike and ambitious monarchs of Egypt, Thoth-
mese$ III and Rameses II, who had both in succession, at an inter-

val of two centuries, not only extended the sway of Egypt over
Persia, but had subjected the native land of the present invader,
Cambyses, to special cruelty and humiliation. We may then fairly
infer that the fires must have been the hottest and longest continued,
and the utmost efforts at mutilation most persistent, toward this
Obelisk and its mate, on which the cartouches of these Pharaohs,
constantly repeated and glittering with gold, caught the Persian
eye. Such fires would be specially kindled and fed on the two
prominent faces of our Obelisk, above designated. The lesser in-
jury to the Obelisk of Usertesen, before the pylon, is thus explained,
reaching merely for a few yards above its base.

What evidences of such violence, then, still remain upon our
own Obelisk ?

(1). The strange condition of the pedestal. It has probably re-
sulted from the envelopment of the bases of nearly all the obelisks,
in Upper Egypt, by sand, as at Luxor and Karnak at Thebes, and,
in Lower Egypt, by mud from the overflow of the Nile, that but
little is known in regard to their pedestals.

At Luxor, the excavation of the bases of both the obelisks of
Rameses II, which preceded the removal, by the French engineer,’
of the western obelisk to Paris, revealed, beneath each shaft, an
elaborately sculptured granite pedestal, resting upon a platform of
three blocks of sandstone. The monolithic pedestal (see figure in
my paper, Misfortunes of an Obelisk, loc. cit., page 90), which
originally stood under the western obelisk and was left behind by
the French, was decorated with figures of pairs of cynocephali or
apes (representing the god of wisdom, Thoth) on two opposite
sides, and, on its face, with figures of the Nile god, Hap, present-
ing offerings to Thoth, and with rows of hieroglyphics, once proba-
bly filled with gold; this block was 2 6 meters (10 feet) in height.

1 Lebas, idem, 71.

“wi

Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder. 115

The other pedestal, beneath the eastern obelisk of Luxor, and now
buried in sand twenty feet deep, out of sight, was 3.4 meters (11}
feet) in height, sculptured and decorated in the same way.

At Karnak, the standing obelisk of Queen Hatasu, the sister of
Thothmeses III and his predecessor on the throne, has a low square
pedestal, whose sides are covered with rows of hieroglyphs, also
probably filled with gold like those on the shaft above."

The Corfe Castle Obelisk, formerly on the Island of Phils, nas a
sandstone shaft, 22 feet and 14 inches in height; its sandstone
pedestal is 5 feet 9 inches in height, and covered with Greek in-
scriptions of Ptolemy Euergetes II, in part cut in the stone, and
in part painted upon it, or, according to Cooper, originally written
in letters of gold.’

The Obelisk of An, according to Lenormant, stands upon a
simple foundation, now buried several feet beneath the Nile silt,
consisting of two broad steps or slabs of sandstone, each about 2
feet high;*> but, on account of its ancient disturbance, we have no
certain knowledge concerning its original support.

In regard to the Campensis or Monte Citorio Obelisk, at Rome,
which the Romans tried to use as a sun-dial, it was stated in 18053,
“there can still be seen at Rome the original pedestal of the horary
obelisk overturned on the Campus Martius,’ and also that there
was in the Vatican ‘‘a granite base cut with a cavity, probably to
receive an obelisk.’

Note the singular fact, however, that we find the huge granite
pedestal of the New York Obelisk devoid of sculptures, inscrip-
tions, or even polish; its sides approximately even, but with
roughened surface; its edges and angles nicked and uneven; its
corners greatly rounded off; and many large spots, showing inter-
nal cracks by their hollow sound, when lightly tapped. Yet the
shaft above shows amusing evidences of the struggle of two suc-
cessors of Thothmeses III on the throne of Egypt, Rameses II
and Osarkon I, to find sufficient room on which to record their
inscriptions of self-appreciation ; while apparently there were over
220 square feet of blank space waiting for glory on the pedestal
below. It seems more than a probability that this pedestal, in its
original condition at An, was completely covered with hieroglyphs

1 Lepsius, Denkmiiler, Plate 24. 2 Gorringe, idem, 159.
3 Gorringe, idem, 123.
* Quatremére de Quincy, De l’ Architecture Egyptienne, 198, 108.

116 Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder.

and sculptures, like those which Rameses II had carved upon the
pedestals of his fine monoliths at Luxor: that their entire disap-
pearance, succeeded by a roughened surface, points to the violent
mutilation and fire of the Persians: and that, at the time of its
transfer to Alexandria, the Romans were content to dress the
damaged faces somewhat, to an even surface, rather than to cut
new figures or hieroglypbs into the hard granite; of their poor work
in imitation hieroglyphs, they bave left us samples in some of their
own Obelisks at Rome.

A corroborative fact is found in the pedestal of the fellow-obelisk,
which the English left buried in the sand at Alexandria. As this
consists of limestone, it seems likely that the original granite
pedestal of that shaft at An was found by the Romans so badly
injured or destroyed, that they replaced it at Alexandria with a
block of the easily hewn and abundant material, limestone, from
the quarries beyond the Nile, adjacent to Heliopolis, at Masara or
Turra.

(2). The extreme mutilation of the bases of the two shafts (and
these only, of all Egyptian obelisks), particularly at their corners.
These are so greatly and irregularly rounded off, that Gorringe
estimated that not over two-thirds of the area of the bottom of our
Obelisk could come into contact with its pedestal. So great is the
rounding on the heel of each shaft, that one old writer, in 17388 A.D.,
describes it as hemispherical, fitting into a corresponding cavity or
hollowed-out socket in the pedestal, and states: ‘‘but the Basis or
Foot may perhaps be the most remarkable Part of these Obelisks,
especially if that at Alexandria is to instruct us. .. . They would
bear a nearer resemblance to Darts and massive Weapons, thus
more expressive of Rays of the Sun.’

As Gorringe states, ‘‘that marring of the heel, to the extent of
breaking off large masses at the corners, cannot be attributed to
the present age. The fractures are also too irregular to admit the
theory that they were purposely broken off to facilitate the opera-
tion of raising the Needle.’” The mutilation must have occurred
before the erection of the Obelisk at Alexandria, since the Romans
then found it necessary to introduce their bronze crabs as supports
beneath the four corners. According to one author, ‘one effect of
the removal of the obelisks by the Romans was to break off the

1 Shaw, op. cit., 411. Also Pococke, op. cit., I, 7.
2 Gorringe, idem, 102.

Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder. 117

edges at the bottom. . . . During the transportation, a large por-
tion of the edges at the base was very badly damaged.’ Such
rude and clumsy handling, however, is not likely, in view of the
known skill of the Roman engineers: their experience twelve years
before, according to Strabo, in conveying a pair of obelisks from An
to Rome: and the perfect condition of the bases of the Egyptian
monoliths now in Rome, and, in fact, that of the delicate pyramidion
of this very Obelisk. The mutilation must have occurred at An, and
it is significant that it occurs, in both obelisks, in just that part of
the shaft which must have been most exposed to the fire. If the
obelisks were then overturned, the injury may have been intention-
ally increased by mechanical violence.

It is also highly probable that the destructive action of fire was
aided by dashing cold water upon the heated stone, as far up as it
could be thrown from below, a method of destruction of rock well
known to all the ancient nations, and commonly used in their
mining.

(3). The partial to complete obliteration of a large portion of the
inscriptions on all sides of the base of the shaft, with a peculiar
smoothing of the surface, up to a height of 10 or 12 feet above the
top of the pedestal. The upper limit of this, the so-called ‘“ sand-
line,” running horizontally around the shaft, begins on the N.N.E.
side, about half-way between the two lowest rows of cartouches.
In addition to the effacement of hieroglyphs, the peculiar even and
shining surface should be noted, which is, to a large degree, free
from the pitting, often deep, which covers the surface of the shaft
above the line. On the E.S.E. and 8.8.W. faces, the same round-
ing of corners and of edges of the hieroglyphs occurs. But on the
W.N.W. face, many sharply carved intaglios remain but little
injured, near the bottom of the shaft and for a yard above; thence
the same rounding and partial effacement of characters extend up
to the same line. All these facts point to an ancient destruction of
the lower surface of the shaft by some agency which left it covered
with smoothly cleaved planes and broken corners, and to a subse-
quent protection of the smooth surface from the weathering which
caused the pitting above the line.

It is known that at least as far back as the visit of the traveller,
Paul Lucas, to Alexandria, in 1714 A. D., the shaft was buried in

1 Moldenke, idem, 20, 39.

>

118 Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder.

sand up to the height of 12 feet, and to its action the obliteration
of the characters has been attributed by some, the upper limit
having been denominated the ‘‘sand-line.” But envelopment in
sand has served usually, in Egypt, as the best protection. Thus it

is stated of two of the most ancient obelisks discovered, those of —

King Entef of the XIth dynasty, over 2400 B. C., ‘the hiero-
glyphics in these obelisks were very well preserved, owing to the
friendly protection of the sand beneath which they were buried.”
The same protection of hieroglyphs, on the under side of the fallen
obelisk at Alexandria, was noticed at the time of its exhumation in
1801. The same fact may be even more strongly shown in the
remarkable preservation of the Greek and Latin inscriptions upon
the bronze-crabs, during nineteen centuries, among whose charac-
ters, only partly filled with metallic oxides, the keen eye of our
American archeologist fortunately detected the important lost
numeral.’

The upper line which bounds most of the obliteration seems to
me therefore, perhaps, to mark the highest limit of the most intense
flames of the fires at An, and more surely the limit of protection of
this smoother fire-flaked surface, from much subsequent erosion and
pitting by the weather and drifting sands, during its envelopment
to that depth.

(4). The belts of obliteration which stretch up the S.S.W. and
W.N.W. sides of the shaft, uniting in the cracked W.S.W. corner.
This effacement of hieroglyphs bas been attributed to several causes.

(a). Lhe damp climate and sea-breezes* of Alexandria This
will be discussed beyond, where it is shown that the side which
then faced the Mediterranean is the present E.S.E. side, on which
the inscriptions remain in excellent state of preservation.

(b). The long continued action of the sun. This view appears
at first the more plausible, since it is probable, for reasons already
given, that the badly injured W.N.W. and 8.8.W. faces did really
stand at An for about 1050 years, as they do now, in full exposure
to the afternoon sun. But the present N.N.E. side faced the sun
afterwards still longer, at Alexandria, for 1891 years, to the W.S.W.,
and is the best preserved of all the faces. Nor has such injury
been noted on any other of the obelisks, constructed of exactly the
same granite, which have stood, in the same climate, at An and at

1 Stuart, Nile Gleanings, 273. Long, idem, 302.
2 Merriam, loc. cit. ; 3 Clark, op. cit., 31.

Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder. 119

Thebes, for still longer periods. The present Obelisk of An has
remained on its site, only a few rods distant from that of our
Obelisk, for at least 700 years longer, since about 2300 B. C., and
the condition of its surface may throw light on the present ques-
tion. In 1743, a traveller reports:' “It is discolored by the water
to the height of near seven feet. It is well preserved, except that,
on the west side, it is scaled away for about fifteen feet high.”

In 1755, Capt. Norden states:? ‘‘I have represented the western
side of this obelisk, because it is the best preserved. I should further
state that the bottom of the obelisk on the east is almost entirely
ruined, to such an extent, that almost no trace of a hieroglyph can
be distinguished upon it.” :

In 1787, Savary remarks:* ‘“‘ The obelisk is in good preservation
except toward the southwest, where the granite is chipped to a
certain height.” These travellers show the usual careless designa-
tion of the decayed side; Niebuhr found that the sides faced N.N.E.,
E.S.E., 8.S.W., and W.N.W. No evidences of present decay and
sealing are on record, after an exposure of 43 centuries.

As to the obelisks at Luxor, erected about 1350 B. C., before the
pylon of that Temple, and fronting N.W., Pococke reported :* ‘‘The
hieroglyphics are cut in with a flat bottom, an inch and a half deep;
and the granite has perfectly retained its polish, which is the finest
I ever saw. . . . They are exceedingly well preserved, except that
about half the pyramid of the western obelisk is broke off, and the
southwest corner of the eastern one is a little battered for about
six feet high.’’ The one still at Luxor, and also that of Queen
Hatasu at Karnak, remain renowned for the perfect sharpness and
exquisite polish of their hieroglyphs, even on the sides which have
faced the afternoon sun, undisturbed, for 32 to 35 centuries.

In regard to the stela of Begig, in the Fayoum, which lies, fallen
and broken, about 438 feet in length, erected also by Usertesen I,
Pococke observed,’ that ‘the obelisk is much decayed all around,
for ten feet high, but mostly on the south side; the west side is
almost entirely defaced.”

(c). Attrition by the whirling sands of the desert. On this, a
writer remarked, in 1847: ‘‘ The obelisk that is still erect among

the ruins of Alexandria retains much of the freshness, sharpness,

1 Pococke, idem, I, 23. 2 Norden, op. cit., I, 104.
3 Savary, idem, I, 123. ~ 4 Idem, I, 107.
5 Long, idem, 319.

120 Study of the New York Obecisk as a Decayed Boulder.

and high polish of its first execution on its north and east faces;
but the minute particles of sand with which the air is charged, in
passing over the desert, have entirely defaced its south and west
sides, by beating against it during the 1600 years in which it has
stood in its present position.’”

In favor of this view is the fact of the greater injury on the
present 8.S.W. and W.N.W. sides, those which fronted the Kham-
seen, which, in Egypt, blows at intervals from the S. and 8.W.,
driving fine sand, though seldom for more than a day in duration.’

But, even on these sides of the shaft, the deepest injury is at the
upper part of the W.S.W. corner, most out of reach of flying sand,
and of a different character from the superficial erosion effected by
that agency. It was only during the last few centuries that the
obelisks have been exposed to sand at Alexandria, having been
previously protected within the wall of the city; while, at An, the
sands of the desert have never reached their site.

The excellent condition of the partially sand-enveloped obelisks
of Thothmes I and of Hatasu at Karnak, and of Rameses II at
Luxor, show how limited is the erosion attributable to this agency,
as well as to the heat of the sun, on Syene granite, during long
periods.

(d). Disintegration by nitrous efflorescence. Injurious action of
this origin was noticed in 1809 by Hamilton,*® on sandstone from
the quarries at Hadjar Silsilis: ‘‘The rock, in which these quarries
have been excavated, is a very uniform, compact granular sand-
stone, enclosing sometimes ligneous petrifactions. It is extremely
hard when exposed to a dry climate and a warm sun, but easily
softened by rain, so as to be damaged when moist by whatever
touckes it too rudely. The exterior of those temples which have
been built of it preserves a very clear sandy color; but the walls
of the inner apartments are blackened by the confined damps, and
by the action of the nitre with which the air is impregnated. In
these rooms, the surface of the stone is easily detached in thin
flakes.”

In his study of the Great Temple at Karnak, Mariette-Bey
observed, in 1875: ‘‘ Every year the river penetrates it by infiltra-
tion, and, uniting with the saltpetre with which the soil is impreg-

1 Osburn, op. cit., 49. 2 Rawlinson, Hist. Anc. Eg., I, 46.
3 Hamilton, op. cit., 85.

Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder. 121

nated, corrodes and eats away the foundations of the monument.
The Grand Temple holds itself up, only because it is supported by
the soil in which it is plunged. Naturally there is not a temple in
Egypt where the fall of walls happens more frequently.’”!

Elsewhere, he repeats: ‘‘ For many years the grand Temple of
Karnak has been assailed, more than any other Egyptian temple,
by the infiltration of the Nile, whose water, saturated with nitre,
eats away the sandstone ;” and again, ‘“‘ Karnak has found its prin-
cipal enemy in the nitre that corrodes the base of its walls.’”

Dr. Rossiter W. Raymond has also called my attention to the
deep disintegration and scaling away which he observed at the
bases of the great pillars in this Temple, and which can also be
readily distinguished in some photographs. My brother, Rev.
Matthew C. Julien, recently in Egypt, informs me that he also
observed the same scaling on the vertical walls at the entrance of
the Serapceum.

There can be no question of the decay and serious damage which
have been caused, in Egypt, as elsewhere, by efflorescent salts, but,
in that country, only on porous sandstone, in enclosures whose soil
is saturated with these salts in the immediate vicinity of filthy Arab
villages, and to a height of but a few feet above the ground, rarely
over a yard.

Therefore, although an early description of ancient Alexandria
refers to its ‘‘battlements decaved and the stones corroded and dis-
figured by saltpetre,’” there is no evidence nor probability of any
granite obelisk having suffered exfoliation from this agency.

(e). Hrosive solution by the Nile-waters or Nile-mud. This
theory, often suggested, of attack by the Nile-waters, or by organic
acids of the rich black soil of the Land of Cham, I think, has not
been supported by observed facts. No such decay surrounds the
shaft of the Obelisk of Heliopolis. Its base was found, by the
French expedition in 1807, to be buried in the alluvial plain to the
depth of 1.88 meters‘ (6 feet, 2 inches), of which Wilkinson found
that 5 feet, 10 inches had accumulated during the last 1700 years.
The actual rise of the waters was found to have reached 1.52 meters
higher (5 feet), but no corresponding band of exfoliation is noted.

Nor have the carved flutings and hieroglyphs suffered in sharp-
ness, on the colossal statue of Rameses II, once erected before the

! Karnak, 7. 2 Monuments of Upper Egypt, 180, 197.
* Volney, op. cit., I, 5. 4 Histoire Naturelle, Texte, I, 407.
Annaus N. Y. Acap. Sc1., VIII, July, 1893.—9

122 Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder.

Temple of Ptah at Memphis, which has since lain buried in the
Nile-mud, face downward, for over twenty centuries, until its
recent exhumation near Cairo

Even though we grant, in the absence of proof, that our Obelisk
was overturned in the destruction of the Temple at An, about
515 B. C., it seems impossible that five centuries of burial in the
soil could have effected the damage we now see upon its faces.

(f). Lhe burning of the stone by the Persians. This appears to
me the only satisfactory theory to account for the great injury to
the 8.S.W. and W.N.W. sides of the shaft. The fiercest flames of
the Persian fires, naturally kindled at the inost prominent W.S.W.
angle, seem to have licked up the adjacent faces, and were probably
aided by throwing water upon the heated stone. With the flaking
away and fall of the lowest of the hated cartouches of Thothmeses
and Rameses from those sides, and the blackening of the rest, the
Persian vengeance was sated.

A consideration of all these facts has led me back to the old view,
which was thus readvanced, some years ago, by Dr. W. C. Prime:
“Tt is hardly to be questioned that this ancient destruction of the
surface was due to the fires of Cambyses, before the stone was
transferred to Alexandria. It is probable that, when so transferred
and erected in front of the Sebastion, the best preserved side was
placed in front, facing the sea. That the monolith was once sub-
jected to severe fire, especially affecting the lower part, and more
intense on one side, seems very probable.’ If also overturned
and prostrate for five centuries, as some believe,’ it may have so
fallen as to have buried its present N.N.E. and E SE. sides, with
its summit under the sand, its heel exposed to mutilation, and its
present S.S.W. and W.N.W. sides mainly uncovered to the action
of the weather, down to the line now marked by the preserved
eastern column of hieroglyphs on its present S 8. W. face.

Our conclusion also confirms that of Denon, at his examination
of the two obelisks in 1801:. ‘Inspection of the actual condition
of these obelisks, and the fractures which existed at the very time
when they were erected on this site, prove that they were already
fragments at that period, and transported from Memphis or Upper
Egypt.”

1 N. Y. Journal of Commerce, Dec. 16, 1889.
2 Gorringe, idem, 72. 3 Denon, idem, I, 33.

Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder. 123

ITI. ALEXANDRIA.

In the year 12 B. C., the New York Obelisk and that of London
were conveyed by the Romans to Alexandria, probably on a float
through a canal and down the Nile, and re-erected near the seashore
on the New Port, to ornament the approach to the Cesareum or
Sebastion. There is little likelihood that they suffered any injury
while in the care of the skilful engineers of a nation so experienced
in the handling of architectural materials, a care exemplified by the
elaborate bronze crabs devised and introduced under each shaft, to
ensure its permanent support and safety.

The substitution, already suggested, of a limestone pedestal for
the ruined granite block which probably supported the London
Monolith at An, suggests also that the present limestone founda-
tion of our own Obelisk, with its various enclosures and the sub-
stratum of sandstone blocks, may not be of the same age as the
pedestal and shaft above, but more likely Roman. Limestone has
been the easily quarried, abundant, convenient, and cheap building-
stone of Lower Egypt, in all ages; and the limestone blocks in the
three tiers of the foundation retain a suspiciously new look and
wonderfully sharp arrises, to have passed through the fires and
mutilation of An.

9. Position of Obelisk at Alexandria.

On its new site, it was shaken by at least the two recorded earth-
quakes of 1301 and August 8, 1303, A.D., one of which was suffi-
ciently violent to hurl down its companion. Later, it shared with
the city, but apparently without harm, its varied experiences in
insurrection, siege, and sack, and remained in the same place un-
disturbed until the close of 1879. Frequent references are made to
it by passing travellers and visitors, such as Abd-El-Latif, Philo,
Sandys, ete.

In 1714, the English traveller, Paul Lucas, found the pedestal
completely buried in sand, and even the shaft up to a height of 12
feet. But this sand had evidently blown away in part in 1738,
when Shaw’ states, “the Height of it is found to be fifty (French)
Foot, three whereof are buried underground.” Again, in 1743,
Capt. Norden observed: ‘This Obelisk of Cleopatra is situated

1 Shaw, idem, 412.

124 Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder.

almost in the middle, between the New City and the Little Phar-
ilion. Its pedestal, of which a part is buried, is elevated 20 feet
above the level of the sea. Between this monument and the Port
runs a thick wall, flanked with a great Tower on either side of the
Obelisk; but this wall is in such a ruined state, that its top is
almost level with the pedestal of the Obelisk. The inner part of
the wall is but ten feet from this monument, and its outer part but
four to five steps from the sea.’”

In 1787, the pedestal seems to have been visible, according to
Savary: ‘Towards: the eastern part of the palace are the two
obelisks, vulgarly called Cleopatra’s needles, of Thebaian stone, and
containing numerous hieroglyphics; one is thrown down, broken,
aud covered with sand; the other still rests on its pedestal.’”

In 1801, it was remarked by Mayer: ‘‘The Obelisk near Alex-
andria, called Cleopatra’s needle, is a block of granite, not quite six
feet in diameter at it’s base, and near seventy feet high originally;
but it’s pedestal, and part of it’s base, are buried in the sand.’”

Aguin, in 1848, Cooley represented‘ the base of the Obelisk free
from sand, but its pedestal still buried, standing in a pit from which
the sand had been dug out, for examination by the visitor.

On old maps, the position of the two monuments is commonly
marked by two little squares, whose sides on Pococke’s ‘ Plan of
Alexandria” face about N.W.,° but, on most maps, are placed parallel
to the shore, which here runs about E.N.E., z.e., they front about
N.N.W.

In the more elaborate and faithful drawings of the many repre-
sented in plates, in early works of travel, I have made a careful
examination of the hieroglyphs, and of the cartouches, whose posi-
tion and number differ greatly on the different sides of the shaft;
also in many photographs, taken at Alexandria at various periods,
which show clearly the inscriptions and the well-marked nick, which,
as already explained, was probably directed nearly to N.N.W., as
the Obelisk stood at An.

[ Here the following drawings and photographs were exhibited by
lantern projection: View of Alexandria from the sea, in 1755,
showing the erect obelisk and remnant of the wall: Views of the
Obelisk in 1755, showing the present E.S.E. side, then facing the

1 Norden, idem, I, 5. 2 Savary, idem, I, 36.
3 Mayer, op. cit., 29. * Cooley, op. cit., 155.
5 Pococke, idem, I, 2.

Rivne «MP ake

CA St et gh ae

WE Ses

Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder. 125

N.N.W.: Views of Obelisk in 1801, with truncated apex on pyra-
midion, in 1830, and in 1842, with the sand dug away from pedestal :
Photographs in 1870 and about 1880, showing the ‘‘nick” directed
landward: Views of the fallen obelisk in 1755, and the present
London Obelisk, with fractured edges and pyramidion. |

All these plainly and certainly show that, in the position of the
shaft at Alexandria, this nick was directed toward the 8.S.W.

In other words, when the Romans re-erected the shaft at Alex-
andria, they placed it before the new Temple of the Cesars, front-
ing the sea and the water-gate, 7. e., toward the N.N.W.; and
moreover, turned the shaft about half round from its original orien-
tation, so that its two best preserved sides would meet the view of
the visitor, on bis approach to the Temple from the north. The
two burned and mutilated sides were turned to the 8.S.E. (toward
the Temple) and to the E.N.E. The same position, and probably
a similar rotation, were carried out in the re-erection of the com-
panion monolith, now at London.

The view above expressed, however, does not agree with that of
Gorringe. In Plate XI of his work, evidently prepared in very
eareful detail, he gives a plan of the pedestal and steps of the foun-
dation, as they stood at Alexandria, with the angles marked N., S.,
E., and W., each with an arrow, as if to impress its exactness. On
the opposite page (18) he also refers to the ‘‘S.E. face of the strue-
ture” and the ‘‘S.W. face.”” Nor does he make any reference to
the change and rotation in the position of the faces of the shaft
above.

10. Condition of the Obelisks at Alexandria.

We may now report some of the testimony of travellers in regard
to the condition of the surface of these monoliths and their theories
to account for the injury observed.

In 1738, Shaw related: ‘‘But the Alexandrian Obelisk, lying
nearer the Sea, and in a moister Situation, hath suffered very much,
especially upon that Side which faceth the Northward; for the
Planes of these Pillars, no less than those of the Pyramids, seem
to have been designed to regard the four Quarters of the World.””

In 1740, a Danish gentleman in the squadron of Admiral Had-
dock, reported thus? in Florence: ‘‘The hieroglyphs on two adja-

1 Shaw, idem, 412. 2 Norden, idem, I, f.

126 Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder.

cent sides (the W. and the N.) are of great beauty; but the others
(on the E. and 8.) have been much injured by wind and damp;
that is why I have represented them exactly as they occur.”

In 1743, Capt. Norden observed: ‘‘ There are only two of the
faces which are well preserved; the two others are defaced, and the
hieroglyphs can hardly be seen by which they were anciently
covered. . . . The injury and effacement on two sides of a stone of
such hardness enable us to understand the great difference between
the climate of Alexandria and that of all the rest of Egypt; for it
has neither been fire nor the hand of violence which has injured
these stones. It is clearly evident that it has been only the injury
of Time which has eaten away some of the characters and has
effaced others, although incised to considerable depth.’”!

In the work of Mayer in 1801, it was remarked: ‘The sides
facing the N.W. and S.W. are best preserved, the hieroglyphics on
the other two sides being greatly defaced, especially toward the
lower part, large scales falling from the stone, notwithstanding its
hardness.’”

Lenormant, in 1841, concluded: ‘‘The obelisk, which has re-
mained erect, has suffered greatly from the saline and corrosive
dampness of the sea, principally on the N. and W. faces which front
the Mediterranean ; that which lies overturned is perhaps still more
worn than the other.’”

In 1842, Lepsius observed: ‘The two obelisks, of which the
one still standing is called Cleopatra’s Needle, are very much de-
stroyed on the sides which are exposed to the weather, and in part
have become totally illegible.’

It was remarked by Long: ‘Only two of the faces are in a state
of good preservation; the other two, the E. and § sides, being so
much damaged by the moist atmosphere of Alexandria, that one
can hardly see the sculptures on them. The S. side has suffered
most of all.’”

In 1864, Clark observed that these obelisks were ‘sadly out of
place amid the poverty and dampness of a sea-town. One of these
is fallen, and the other is wasting away in the unfriendly air.’

In these quotations several careless references occur in naming
the sides, as those of the N.N.W. and W.S.W. (usually called the

1 Norden, idem, I, 7. 2 Mayer, idem, 29.
3 Lenormant, idem, 47. 4 Lepsius, Letters from Egypt, 42.
5 Long, idem, 302. § Clark, idem, 31.

Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder. 127

N.and W., or the N.W. and 8.W.) were the ones in good preserva-
tion, and those of the E.N.H. and S.8.E. (usually called the E. and
S.) were the ones badly decayed.

As to the fallen (London) obelisk, whose base or pedestal prob-
ably still lies a few yards S.W. of the former site of the New York
Obelisk, two of its sides, ordinarily designated as fronting N. and
W.' at Alexandria, exhibit very good hieroglyphs, but its heel and
edges are battered.

Cooper also states: ‘‘The apex is roughly cut and damaged,
having been covered, like most of the obelisks of Thothmes ITT,

with a bronze cap... . The base of the monument and its two
steps or gradués remain entire; they are of limestone and are nearly
seven feet high. . . . Owing to the position in which it fell, the

monolith has been much exposed to injury, alike from the friction
of the sand and the corrosive action of the salts in the sea-breezes ;
indeed, the 8. side has suffered most of all, the hieroglyphics being
in many places wholly illegible; the E. face has also suffered
severely; the W. face and that which rests upon the ground have
been better preserved.’”’ The following statement in regard to the
surface of the under side of this obelisk, in 1801, after five centuries’
_ partial burial in the sand, implies that the influence of this material,
even so near the seashore, has been for protection rather than cor-
rosion: ‘‘The Needle was likewise turned over, and the hiero-
glyphics, on the side it had so long Jain on, found fresh and entire.’”

It will be readily seen, on reviewing these opinions, that there is
no agreement as to which were the faces of our Obelisk on which
the hieroglyphs were damaged. So unquestionable were the two
facts, the mysterious but serious effacement of hieroglyphs on two
sides and the great difference of climate in the new home of the
Obelisk, that the passing traveller was often unable to accept the
evidence of his own eyes. However, it is equally beyond question
that it was the present E.S.E. and N.N.E. sides of our Obelisk and
the corresponding sides of its London fellow which bore the brunt
of attack by the sea-winds at Alexandria for nineteen centuries,
and that these are in excellent condition. The injury to the other
two sides must then have preceded the Roman transfer of the
monoliths from An.

1 Gorringe, idem, 97, 108. 2 Cooper, idem, 125.
3 Bombay Courier, June 9, 1802.

128 Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder.

11. Climate of Alexandria.

As the unanimous conclusion of the authors just quoted was to
attribute the decayed condition of the surface of the obelisks to the
damp and saline atmosphere of Alexandria, it is pertinent to con-
sider here some notes on the climate of that city, in comparison
with that of Upper Egypt. M. Gratien-Le-Pere, Chief-Engineer of
the Corps Royal des Ponts et Chaussées, in the French Expedition
to Egypt in 1801, states: ‘“‘The climate of Alexandria is quite
healthy; although very warm in summer, this is tempered by the
coolness of the nights. The dews of evening, especially in the
season of the Etesian winds, are here, as in the entire maritime
border of Egypt, of a saline dampness which penetrates all bodies.
Winter is very rainy at Alexandria.’”

Viscount Valentia, in 1802, observed: ‘‘The climate is by no
means unpleasant, as the heat is tempered in summer by the strong
gales, which almost constantly blow from the north, and carry with
them the thick black clouds, that, after breaking on the mountains
of the interior of Africa, return in the floods of the Nile to fertilize
the plains of Egypt.’”

In Southern Egypt, during the summer (April to October), the
temperature varies during the day from 100° to 112° F. in the
shade; in Northern Egypt it is cooler. The minimum rarely falls
below 40° F. In the French Expedition, the observers noted a
minimum of 363° F., in January, 1799; the average during the
night was 46° F. In 1874, a minimum temperature of 23° F. was
observed by Rohlf in the Libyan desert. In the Upper Nile val-
ley, showers ordinarily fall only on about 5 or 6 days in the year;
heavy rains are rare, occurring about once in 15 or 20 years. It is
commonly stated that frost and snow are wholly unknown in Kgypt;
yet it is recorded that frost has been seen at Cairo,’ and in the Alge-
rian desert, in latitude but a few degrees further north, snow fell
in the year 1847.

At Alexandria, ‘‘rain is as common in winter as it is in the south
of Europe. But during the rest of the year, as little falls as in the
upper country; and at 50 or 60 miles from the coast, the winter
rains cease, the climate of Cairo being no less dry than that of the
Thebaid.’”*

1 Gratien-Le-Pére, op. cit., III, 279. 2 Valentia, op. cit., 466.
3 Foissac, op. cit., II, 263. 4 Rawlinson, Hist. Anc. Egypt, I, 43.

Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder. 129

“The general height of the thermometer in the depth of winter
in Lower Egypt, in the afternoon and in the shade, is from 50° to
60°; in the hottest season, it is from 90° to 100°, and about 10°
higher in the southern parts of Upper Egypt.’”

“On the coast of the Mediterranean rain is frequent, but, in other
parts of Egypt, very unusual. At Cairo, there is generally one
heavy storm in the winter, and a shower or two besides. . . . At
Thebes, a storm occurs but once in about four years, and lizht rain
almost as rarely. The wind most frequently blows from the N.W.,
N., or N.E., but particularly from the first direction. . . . The
southerly winds are often very violent, and, in the spring and sum-
mer, especially in April and May, hot sand-winds sometimes blow
from the south, greatly raising the temperature.’”

A recent traveller’ states concerning the rainfall between Feb-
ruary 1 and April 15, 1889: ‘‘My first experience in Egypt was
calculated to give the impression that it is a rainy country, for I
saw two showers in three days. In passing through the Suez
Canal (January 31st), a heavy shower, lasting half an hour, drove
the passengers to shelter, and a brilliant rainbow delighted be-
holders. Two days later, rain again fel] at night in Cairo, making
the dirty streets more nasty still. Of course this experience was
exceptional, as rain is a rarity in Cairo. Authorities give the rain-
fall at Alexandria as about 8 inches per annum, and at Cairo about
1.2 inches; while in Upper Egypt the precipitation of moisture is
far less; there are adults living there who say they have never seen
rain.

I noticed, on the other hand, unmistakable signs of recent rains,
such as dried mud-puddles, raindrop-prints, etc., at several points
near Cairo, east of Thebes (Wadi Bab-el-Molook), and in the penin-
sula of Sinai, and I was impressed with the belief that more rain
falls in Egypt than is usually supposed. A local shower, passing
over a sandy gravelly region, makes but little impress on it; and
there is no corps of trained observers, outside of Cairo and Alexan-
dria, to record the phenomenon. . . . On February 16th I visited
a wild valley west of Thebes, known as Wadi Bab-el-Molook. . . .
The valley throughout shows that water has at some time been
energetically at work; the floor resembles a dried-up mountain

1 Lane, Modern Egyptians, Introd.
2 R. 8. Poole, Encyc. Brit., VII, 703.
3 Bolton, loc. cit., 113, 117, 118.

130 Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder.

torrent; banks of gravel, sand, and boulders rise several feet above
the bridle-path on each side; and, at the lowest part, small channels
wind about the large rocks. The hillsides are furrowed by ravines
excavated by water. Here and there, in low places, usually at the
foot of a large boulder, are unmistakable signs of recently formed
mud. The scales and mud-cracks were quite fresh, and seemed to
indicate that water had accumulated in pools not more than two or
three weeks before. On my return to Luxor, I was informed that
rain had fallen about three weeks before (February 16th).”

In a discussion of the heavy dews in Egypt, Volney states:
‘These dews as well as the rains are more copious towards the sea,
and less considerable in proportion to their distance from it; but
differ from them by being more abundant in summer than in win-
ter. At Alexandria, after sunset in the month of April, clothes
exposed to the air and the terraces are soaked with them, as if it
had rained.’ *

All these facts, therefore, bear out the idea of the moist character
of the climate at Alexandria.

12. Removal of the Obelisk from Alexandria.

The details of the great enterprise of the lowering of the huge
monolith at Alexandria, in 1879, and of its conveyance to New
York, have been fully set forth by the engineer in charge, the late
Commander H. H. Gorringe. It will be sufficient here to refer only
to certain points which might be considered to have some bearing
on possible strain or injury to the monument in transit On Octo-
ber 29, 1879, the work of excavation began, and the bottom of the
lowest step of the foundation was found to lie nearly at mean sea-
level. This indicated a probable subsidence of the coast of about
17 feet in 1900 years, attended with a decided and increasing incli-
nation of the top of the shaft toward the sea, which must have soon
resulted in its fall.

The sides of the lower part of the shaft (as illustrated by a photo-
graph of the bottom of the W.S.W. side, taken at the time of the
removal of the London Obelisk) showed the same effaced hiero-
glyphs, rounded corners, and peculiar smoothed surface as now
seen.

Gorringe states that in turning the Obelisk, its bottom bound
against the top of one of the crabs, and ‘‘ removing the crabs was

1 Volney, idem, I, 56.

Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder. 131

very difficult, by the lead which had been poured into the mortices
in the pedestal while molten.’”" From this it may be inferred that
he found the crabs attached only to the pedestal.

In December, 1879, while the shaft, carefully sheathed in heavy
plank, was being turned on enormous trunnions, supported on steel
towers, a little accident occurred, which he has thus described :’
“Immediately following a creak louder than any previous one, the
motion was suddenly arrested; then there was a sharp snap—one
of the tackles had parted. Instantly the order was given to slack
the other tackle rapidly, using it merely to retard the motion and
not to arrest it; but the man attending the fall had lost his wits,
and, instead of slackening, he held it fast and it very soon broke.
The obelisk was at that moment about half over. It moved slowly
at first, and then more and more rapidly, until it struck the stack of
timbers. rebounded twice, and came to rest in the position” shown
in an illustration. ‘‘There was intense excitement; many of the
Arabs and Greeks about the grounds had fled precipitously, when
the obelisk began to move rapidly ; and when it rested on the stack
of timber uninjured, there arose a prolonged cheer. . . . The two
upper tiers of plank were crushed; aside from this, no loss or injury
to any person or anything resulted from the successful accomplish-
ment of the first essential feature of the work of removal.”

Later, during the launching of the caisson which enclosed the
Obelisk, its safety was endangered in the surf by a rising storm,
and Gorringe allowed the caisson to fill, in order to diminish its
buoyancy and prevent it from thumping heavily on its ways. The
shaft thus remained immersed in salt water for several days.

After the monolith had reached the floating dock, and had been
at last safely introduced into the hull of the Steamer ‘‘ Dessoug,”’
Gorringe states, ‘‘to obviate all risk of breaking the Obelisk by the
working of the ship, it was placed on a bed of Adriatic white pine,
very spongy. and soft, and ten feet of the extremities left without
support. To prevent it from moving laterally, a system of hori-
zontal, diagonal, and vertical shores were fitted into the hiero-
glyphs, and driven against stringer-pieces of the steamer’s hull.’”
During the voyage of 37 days, some stormy weather was encount-
ered, both in the Mediterranean and the Atlantic. In spite of all

1 Gorringe, idem, 14. 2 Gorringe, idem, 15.
3 Gorringe, idem, 27.

132 Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder.

care, it looks probable that certain projecting hieroglyphs may
have been subjected to some undesirable degree of strain.

IV. New York.

On its arrival at New York, the pedestal was directly landed
upon New York Island, but the shaft was first landed on Staten
Island, September, 1880, then towed to the foot of West 96th
Street, again landed, and thence dragged around Central Park and
re erected on ‘‘ Graywacke Knoll,” January 22, 1881.

13. Position of the Obelisk at New York.

The foundation of the monolith was laid upon the outcrop of the
vein of endogenous granite, already mentioned. Gorringe states:
“The earth having been removed from the top of the Knoll, the
surface of the granite was levelled and the cavities filled with
cement. A thin layer of this was then laid over the granite, and
the foundation was replaced exactly as it bad stood in Alexandria,
each piece in the same relative position to the others and to the
points of the compass.’

In Plate XI of the same work, as already explained, he desig-
nates these points of the compass, for the angles, as N., E., 8., and
W. Elsewhere, he refers to the four sides of the shaft, as facing
N., S., E., and W., taking those terms from Chabas and Brugsch,
who used them, it may be presumed, loosely, in a general way.

On examination with a compass, however, I was surprised to find
that the sides do not now face N. 45° BE. (N_E.), S. 45° E. (S.E.),
etc., but respectively N. 27° E. (nearly N.N.E.), S. 63° E. (nearly
E.S.E.), ete.

Gorringe’s statement refers only to the foundation of the Obelisk,
but a reader would naturally infer that the shaft was also replaced
here ‘‘exactly as it had stood in Alexandria.’”” However, I must
call your attention again to the tell-tale nick, now directed to about
N. 18° W., while at Alexandria it pointed to about 8. 23° W. It
thus appears that, on its re-erection in New York, not only was the
whole foundation changed in position from that which it occupied on
its Alexandrian site, but that also the shaft was twisted nearly half
round to the right: so that both shaft and pedestal now stand once

1 Gorringe, idem, 32.

Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder. 133

more in the original position at An. The incorrect statement of
Gorringe as to the Alexandrian position of the foundation, and his
silence on the readjustment of the shaft, remain without explanation.
But in his fortunate accuracy in that readjustment, I can only con-
jecture that he may possibly have been guided by a knowledge of
the true orientation of a surviving companion of our Obelisk, the
one still on the site of An: if it shall be found, by more close obser-
yation than that recorded by Niebuhr, that this really faces to the
present direction of the W.N.W side of the New York Obelisk,
ei? N.

I have plotted, on the accompanying illustration (Fig. 1), the

Fig. 1.

positions which our roving monolith has successively occupied on
its three sites, always accompanied, until now, by its London fellow
6n its left: viz., its positions at An and at New York, by the square
with dotted line and nick; its position at Alexandria, by the square
with broken line and nick; and, for comparison, its position at Alex-
andria, according to Gorringe, by the square with continuous line.
The interspaces, between the two obelisks and between them and
the shore, are contracted in the illustration, for convenience.

It is much to be regretted that a satisfactory explanation of the
statement in question has probably been lost by the death of the
eminent engineer, in July, 1881, only five months after the comple-

tion of his great enterprise, in the successful transfer and re-erection
of the Obelisk.

134 Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder.

14. The sudden decay of the surface of the Obelisk.

In regard to the condition of the surface of the New York Obe-
lisk, immediately after its arrival, there is the following testimony
by an experienced geologist,' in February, 1883: ‘The first thing
that strikes one is the freshness and soundness of the rock. No
‘maladie du granit’ is observable, and this fact will answer the first
and natural question as to why this rock was so much preferred by
the Egyptians for monumental purposes.”

On thin sections from the same specimen, Prof. Alfred Stelzner?
also states, though with some confusion of the products of meta-
morphism with those of decay: ‘‘The microcline . . . is very fresh
and free from interpositions. . . . Secondary formations are almost
entirely wanting in the sections before me; in only two places ap-
pear viridite and ‘yellowish green translucent needles of pistazite.
The rock of the ‘ Needle’ can therefore be regarded as unusually fresh
and ‘healthy,’ in spite of the honorable age which it possesses.”

The specimen, on which these examinations were made, probably
formed part of the material cut off, in 1880, from portions of the
base of the shaft, by direction of Commander Gorringe, in order to
increase its bearing surface on the pedestal and stability, and to
facilitate the attachment of the new bronze crabs. About four
barrels full of pieces were at that time removed, and are now pre-
served in the American Museum of Natural History.

Within about a couple of years afterward, the incipient decay of
the surface seems to have been first indicated by small pieces of
granite, lying around the base, evidently fallen from above. This
sudden and strange disintegration was met at first with great in-
credulity, since it was plainly not due to old age; the monolith had
yet seven centuries to catch up with the age of its sturdy old com-
panion, still on the site of An.

In October, 1883, this change was brought to the attention of
Dr. F. A. P. Barnard,’? who found ‘‘the surface of the stone step,
immediately below the plinth, sparsely strewn with minute frag-
ments of the rock,” carefully swept them off, collected and weighed
them, to the amount of 24.56 grams (about { of an ounce). From
this he calculated the waste per square meter of the surface of the

1 Frazer, loc. cit., 364; Gorringe, op. cit., 161.
2 Frazer, loc. cit., 372-374; Gorringe, op. cit., 166-167.
3 Evening Post, New York, Oct. 30, 1883.

Dye ROEM

Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder. 135

monument per annum to be 0.457 gram, or, from the entire wasting
surface, 10.88 grams; and estimated that if ‘“‘the mass of fragments
actually collected was not more than a tenth part of what had fallen
during the time the Obelisk has been in our Park, it would still
require 6000 years to reduce its volume to the depth of one centi-
meter on each side.”

During the next year, 1884, the progress of the decay became
still more manifest by the flaking away and fall of fragments, some-
times of considerable size. Commander Gorringe could hardly be-
lieve that they came from the monolith, and expressed the hope that
some day it would be polished.

In the autumn of the same year, the attention of the Park Com-
missioners was directed to this serious decay, and they finally
decided to make use of a waterproofing process, founded on the
application of melted paraffin to the artificially warmed surface of
the stone. This was begun on September 25, 1885, after the Obe-
lisk had stood, entirely unprotected from the elements, for 4 years
and 8 months after its re-erection.

In the notes of another observer,' made at this time, on the
weathered exterior of the Obelisk, it is stated: ‘‘ Most of the frac-
tures of the flakes seemed of recent origin, although under most of
them was found a green vegetable growth of unicellular plants.
However, beneath some pieces, the accumulated black dirt showed
the fractures to be of more remote origin. . . . Placing a fragment
of the rock under the microscope, portions of it show decided dis-
integration, parts of the hornblende being broken down and dis-
solved, while some of the white feldspar is broken into such minute
fragments that they exhibit the Brownian movement when placed
in water. In the minute crevices can be seen the green cells of
vegetable growth, and, on either side of the crevice, may sometimes
be seen, with the microscope, the rosy hue indicating internal strains
in the very minute fragments, a slight increase of which would
complete the fracture ; and it is possible that the growing cells may
furnish the necessary strain.” All these vegetable cells were green,
some rod-shaped, others round like those of Protococcus pluvialis.

On the 8.8.W. side of the shaft, where the decay was most pro-
nounced, some of the adheriug flakes of rock were found to be
parted above from the shaft as much as one-quarter of an inch, a
crevice of that width being sometimes found filled with moss and
black earth.

1 Dudley, loc. cit., 67.

136 Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder.

In regard to the Protococcus, I may reply that its superficial
adherence to stone-work is of common occurrence in this country
as abroad; and, though often considered unsightly, its presence has
never been connected with the decay of stone. The naturalist fami-
liar with its delicate isolated cells will need proof of their ability to
produce internal strains in the crevices where they find refuge.

In the preliminary cleaning of the surface, before the waterproofing
process was begun, it was discovered that very many spots were in a
deplorably decayed condition, especially on the 8.8.W. and W.N.W.
sides of the shaft. Some large pieces were so loosely attached that
they would scarcely bear the hand upon them without falling away.
One large slab on the E.S.E. face, with the hieroglyphic symbul
of the sun in its centre, actually dropped off in the grasp of a person
who laid his hand upon it, to steady himself, while walking by upon
the scaffold. This piece was left below, stolen over night and never
recovered. No attempt was made to harden or recement this erum-
bling surface, but it was decided to remove only the looser flakes,
most likely to fall, and then apply the preservative. In the course
of this removal, one fragment, showing hieroglyphs, was separated
from the upper part of the W.S.W. corner of the shaft, which
measured 18# inches in length, 34 inches in width, and # of an inch
in thickness; but most of the scales were small pieces, often cracked
and ready to crumble. In all, about 23 barrels of pieces were
removed, found by the Park Superintendent to weigh 780 pounds;
of these, three-quarters or more came from the S.8.W. and W.N.W.
faces of the shaft.’ In regard to the great error of judgment shown
in the above action, I have elsewhere’ expressed the universal pub-
lic opinion.

15. The waterproofing treatment of the Obelisk.

The entire surface of the Obelisk was then warmed,’ in successive
portions, by the application of a square pan of burning charcoal,
with front of wire grating, for two or three minutes, at a distance
of about one inch. The projections and hollows on the surface
were warmed by means of a benzine blast-lamp. Immediately
after the warming, the compound of paraffin, containing creasote

1 Misfortunes of an Obelisk, loc. cit., 132.

2 Robert M. Caffall, Scientific American, XXI (1886), Supplement, p. 8391;
and in paper on ‘‘ The Preservation of Building Materials by the Application
of Paraflin, as recently used upon the Obelisk,’’ Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci., V
(1885), 56-66.

io se are eh

Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder. 137

dissolved in turpentine, was applied at its melting-point (146° F.)
by means of a brush, and the stone then warmed again until the
excess of paraffin was absorbed beneath the surface. The surface
treated, on shaft and plinth, amounted to about 220 square yards,
and absorbed 67? pounds of paraffin, to an estimated depth of half
an inch or a little more. An equal surface of brownstone would
have taken from 40 to 50 pounds, and of brick from 70 to 110
pounds; so that the great porosity of the weathered coating of the
Obelisk is clearly shown. Little difference in the action of different
parts of the surface toward the paraffin was noticed, except that the
black masses of hornblende were particularly absorbent.

A few months afterwards, Dr. T. Egleston presented views founded
on an inspection of the Obelisk and of pieces derived from its decayed
surface. In these he observed, under the microscope, deep irregular
cavities, near the grains of hornblende, empty or partly occupied by
that mineral, and crevices containing the green Protococcus referred.
to by Mr. Dudley. He concluded that disintegration had been long
going on and was still in progress in the interior of the stone, not
of chemical but purely physical cause, mainly the repeated expan-
sion and contraction produced by the rapid and extreme changes of
temperature in this climate. In regard to the waterproofing process
applied to the Obelisk, he states: ‘‘The method of applying the
present protecting coating seems to have been a fatal mistake,
Nothing of any account has been dissolved out of the stone; there
is therefore nothing to be replaced. If there had been, paraffin in
solution would have been one of the best materials to fill them.
Granite is not porous; there were, therefore, no cavities to be filled.
The stone being full of cracks from natural causes, the heat which
Was used to cause the paraffin to sink into the body of the stone,
when applied to the outside, would cause an expansion, which would
not be responded to by the interior of the granite, and the cracks
already there would increase in size, and pieces would chip off as
they did, and new cracks would be formed in the stone, already
weakened by long exposure. . . . Even if the surface was entirely
waterproofed, the cold of winter and the heat of summer would act
below the surface both of the coating and of the stone, causing the
coating to break or fissures through it to occur, so as to let in the
moisture, and then both causes would operate together as before.”

1 Egleston, loc. cit., $1.
Annats N. Y. Acap. Ser., VIII, July, 1893.—10

138 Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder.

The crumbling decayed stone from the surface of the Obelisk was
very unsatisfactory material from which to determine the condition
of the stone beneath, and misled the three observers to quite oppo-
site conclusions concerning the decay: Dr. Barnard, to disbelieve
in its extent and progress: Mr. Dudley, to connect it with strains
produced by the cells of Protococeus: and Dr. Egleston, to attribute
it mainly to temperature-variations in our own climate. However,
the slight plant-growth was doubtless merely accessory. It will be
shown beyond that granite is really porous, and its cavities occupied
by a substance, moisture, which must be displaced for the proper
introduction of any preservative: that this is too powerful a stone
to be injured by gentle warming: and that oscillations of tempera-
ture had nothing to do with the sudden disintegration of the surface
of the Obelisk in 1882-1885.

In regard to this mooted and important question—the effect of
moderate elevations of temperature on granite, I have next to pre-
sent, first, the results of a series of experiments on the application
of artificial heat to various building-stones and to the granite of
Syene: secondly, some comparative statistics, reduced and tabu-
lated, from meteorological reports on thermometric oscillations in
Egypt and New York.

16. HKxrperiments on granite with artificial heat.

In view of objections taken against the application of heat to
granite, as used in the process of waterproofing the Obelisk in 1885,
I have made sundry experiments to determine the degree of heat
then used and the exact periods of time during which it was applied,
repeating exactly the same process with the same apparatus and
workmen.

On testing with a thermometer the melted paraffin compound in
the ‘U.S. pot’? used in the process, it was found, if the paraffin
was allowed to become entirely fluid, that its temperature rose to
70° to 75° C. But when, as always occurred during work, a cake
of solid paraffin was kept floating in the liquid, the temperature
varied from 59° to 67° C., closely approximating 63° C. (146° F.).

During the autumn of 1889, the ordinary waterproofing of stone
buildings near New York City was carefully studied. On a cold
day, at Orange, N. J., I carefully watched the application of the
process to surfaces of Nova Scotia sandstone, in a state of incipient
decay, to ascertain the periods during which the stone surfaces

Nie pee

_

Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder. 139

were heated, the melted paraffin applied, and the stone reheated.
A condensed statement of the observations is here presented.

Periods (in seconds),
Ne of | my 5
Experi- observa-| First | Paraffin-| Second |
ment. Surface treated. tions. heating. ing. | heating. | distal
== | :
1 Stone chimney . . By le ee 21 | 18 68
2 | Decayed brick wall bee |. ie 17 | 34 |
3 Stone jambs and mullions |
of awindow .. . an) ol hai Ife i aly 55
+ The same . 5 | | 45
5 The same . “lieh 4 | 65
Go) | Brick wall «+... Gea an2s ay 4

The temperature of the air was 6° C. (43° F.), which happens to
be about that which prevailed during the waterproofing treatment
of the Obelisk in 1885. In the treatment of Nos. 1, 2, and 6, the
charcoal-stove was applied, at a distance of 1 to 3 inches from the
surface; in that of Nos. 8, 4, and 5, the benzine blast-lamp, over a
surface of about 40 square inches. During the heating, a few sandy
particles fell from the decayed and softened surface. From the
totals, it appears that the entire treatment of a stone-surface, as
observed with several workmen, was completed, on the average, in
58 seconds.

These results served as a basis for arrangement of a series of
experiments, carried on some weeks later, with the same process
and apparatus, in the north court of the old building of Columbia
College, at 50th Street, New York City. The treatment was
applied in the usual way to various surfaces of old brickwork,
covered with hard and dry cement-stucco. In each experiment a
thermometer was so inserted, beneath the stucco, that its bulb lay
at the depth of 3 mm. (¢ inch) below the heated surface ; the object
was to determine the rise in temperature of the superficial layer of
cement. Temperature of the air, 15°.5 C.

Original | First heating. | Paraffining. | Reheating. ke

tem- pe a eee eae | LSveoaeey, oe Pree = 5

Ex- Bor auure | | = 5

peri- oO Source of |Period(in) Resultin sg lm, a mn <=fer
ment.) cement. heat. | seconds). fetipeeaaiee |Period./Temp.|Period./Temp. a

ae ae pats ae

7 | 12.° |Blast-lamp.| 85 | 35 25 | 145

8 | 13°.5 | Blast-lamp. 55 |24° to 34°C.) 35 (89°.7) 25 |40° | 115

9 Stove. 135 35 By) | 205

10 | 17°.5 | Stove. 50 34° 30 20 |42°.5) 100

|

140 Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder.

It was apparent that the temperatures recorded by the thermome-
ter only indicated the inferior conduction of heat by the layer of
cement. Other tests satisfied me that, with a layer of compact
stone like granite, the final temperature in each experiment would
have risen at least 20° higher than those above observed.

In order to determine the surface-temperature attained during the
heating, the treatment was then applied to a series of dressed cubes
of various building-stones, one inch square, imbedded in square
cavities, one inch deep, cut in the surface of the cement, so that
the outer faces of the cubes in each group lay in the same plane
with the surface of the cement. At the end of the second heating,
the bulb of a thermometer was instantly applied to the surface of
the cubes and covered with felt to prevent radiation.

Ex- First | Paraf- | Second Total Final
peri-| Source of heating: fining: | heating:| period (in|tempera-| Kind of stone.
ment. heat. Period. | period.| period. | seconds). ture.
11 | Stove. 85 35 15 135 |42°.1C.) Dark sandstones.
12 | Stove. 95 | 27 30 152 |64°.7. | Granites and
marbles.
13 | Stove. 112 | 38 Oo i SOR SIee6 Limestones.
14 | Stove. 94 | 22 24 140 |62°.7 | Light-colored
sandstones.
15 | Blast-lamp. 49 16 19 84 |67°.3 | Granites.
16 | Blast-lamp.| 73 3 13. | 117 |70°.1 | Granites.
17 | Blast-lamp. 68 34 16 118 |69°.8 | Granites.

To the final temperatures found, I saw reason to attach no im-
portance, as they were evidently much diminished by the rapid
radiation, before adjustment of thermometer and felt. So both
stove and blast-lamp were then each applied directly to the bulb of
a thermometer, at a distance of one inch, shifting the source of heat
about in the usual way. It was thus found, on repeated trials, that
a temperature approaching 80° to 85° C. (185° F.) was momen-
tarily attained.

From these results we may gather the following as probable
conclusions, in regard to the conditions of temperature during the
waterproofing treatment of the Obelisk in 1885 :—

(a). The period of heating by stove or blast-lamp and by the
melted paraffin was probably a little longer than in the regular pro-
cess, 7.e., 2 to 3 minutes (instead of 1).

(b). The temperature of the melted paraffin, as applied, did not
exceed 67° C. (153° F.), and in general was about 63° C. (146° F.).

Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder. 141

(c). The surface of the stone was rarely subjected to a higher
temperature than 85° C. (185° F.), and probably never, when the
stove was used.

(d). Only a very thin outer layer of the granite of the Obelisk
was heated beyond the melting-point of paraffin, 60-68° C. (146°
F.), probably between 6 and 12 mm. (4 to 4 inch) in thickness.

Some effort was also made, in these experiments, to ascertain
whether the surface of the granite of the Obelisk could have suffered
damage from the temperatures (60° to 85° C.) and treatment indi-
cated. Among the samples of granite imbedded in the surface of
the cement were pieces of the original fresh stone of the Obelisk,
each with a polished face set in flush with the general surface. These
faces had been previously studied under pocket-lens, and then under
a microscope, with magnifying power of 30 diameters. On re-
examination, after the conclusion of the treatment, no effect what-
ever was detected on the surface subjected to the stove; on the
other, treated by the blast-lamp, two or three very minute checks or
crevices, perhaps a millimeter in depth, seemed to have developed.

On the same question, some information may be derived from
the experience of lithologists, in the mode of mounting thin rock-
sections for microscopic examination. After having been ground
down to transparent pellicles of extreme thinness and delicacy, these
are commonly immersed, on a slide, in a drop of partially inspissated
and hardened Canada balsam.

In the first experiments on this subject, a drop of balsam on a
glass slide was heated upon a mounting-table, usually from 3 to 5
minutes, for the partial evaporation of the excess of turpentine, its
natural solvent. At this point, in place of a rock-section, the bulb
of a delicate thermometer was inserted into the drop, and a tein-
perature of 107° C. (220° F.) was noted.

Again, a quantity of the balsam, about 200 ¢c.c., was slowly
evaporated in a shallow tin-pan, over a low flame. The tempera-
ture, 50° C. during the first half hour, then rose to 108-110° C.,
and so remained for 3 hours; after 7 hours, when the medium had
attained the proper viscidity, the temperature fell to 80°, and, while
cooling and still viscid, to 60°.

Since, therefore, the scrupulous needs of the lithologist, in the
investigation of intricate structures of rocks and minerals, are not
endangered by subjecting a thin rock-section to a temperature of
«ven 107° C. for a minute or more: there seems to be no reason to

142 Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder.

presume that any injury could have been done to the surface of the
Obelisk, in the waterproofing process, by warming at a temperature
which rarely approached 85° C., during a period not exceeding 2
or 3 minutes.

17. Effects of the sun’s heat on granite.

In regard to the action upon granite of high natural tempera-
tures, it should be noted that those of rock surfaces, exposed to the
sun during the heats of summer, often rise to 150° F. (66° C.) and
over, especially if the rock is dark-colored; and that of the sands
of African deserts sometimes reaches 200° F.

An interesting application of this natural warming of surfaces of
stone occurred during the hottest period of August, this last sum-
mer (1892), at Sandy Hook, N. J. The casemates of the fortifica-
tions are constructed of a dark concrete, in large part composed of
fragments of ‘bluestone’ (flagstone from the base of the Catskill
Mountains). On account of the porosity of the concrete and its
permeability by rain-water, these constructions had been under-
going for some months the same waterproofing treatment with
paraffin as that applied to our Obelisk in 1885. On certain hot
afternoons, it was found that the surfaces of those bomb-proofs
which lay exposed to the sun had already become heated to such
a degree that artificial heating could be dispensed with and the
melted paraffin directly applied.

It is a question of some interest, in reference to the durability of
building-stones used in New York City, to determine how often the
direct heat of the sun reaches its maximum in this climate. By a
collation of the observations of Mr. Daniel Draper,’ the Director of
the Meteorological Observatory in Central Park, the following table
has been prepared, presenting for ten years the maxima in the sun
of 140° F. or over and of 146° F. or over. The latter temperature
(63° C.) is that of the melting-point of the particular paraffin re-
ferred to above.

1 Abstract of Registers, 1880 to 1889.

Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder. 143

NUMBER OF Days ON WHICH MAXIMA IN SUN REACHED OR EXCEEDED:

140° F. 146° F.
YEAR. | May.| June. Fulye| Aug.| Sept.| Oct. | Total. | May.| ES July. | Aug.| Sept.| Total.

| | |
me) S| 6 | 4) 7| 5] 2h [aye | a, tals Ss
1881 AE es a i A a Boe fe be
1882 2 1 1 4 | } oe
1883 Tate ed 2 ae |e eral
1884 2 | 3 Be) al iit i Dele
1885 Le ees ih 17 yea 9 es ee:
1886 ep fi ae 9 2 rae be
1887 | 2 | 2 Wee!
1888 0 Hy 40)
1889 0 oar

— — — — —— — | ~

Total number of days for ten years | 103 | | 32

The extreme maxima reached were 151° F., on September 6,
1880, and 154° F., on September 7, 1881. The hours at which
-the temperature in the sun reached its maximum are recorded for
each day in 1885, 1886, and 1887; from these we may conclude
that the maximum continues on an average for about 14 hours, or
perhaps somewhat less. If we assumed that the light colored sur-
face of the granite of the Obelisk reached on these days the same
temperature as that indicated by the bulb of the maximum ther-
mometer in the sun, which is not probable, we might infer that the
surface of the monolith is occasionally heated to the temperature of
146° to 150° F. for short periods, which amount, on an average, to
less than five hours during the whole year.

There is then no foundation for the fear, expressed by some
persons, that the paraffin, at that melting-point, may flow or has
already flown down from the surface to the base of the monument,
under the attack of our summer sun. It is more probable, so far
as the heat of the sun may ever cause the surface of the paraffin
to melt, that this will receement and solidify, during each summer,
the superficial minute cracks produced in the paraffin through con-
traction by the cold of the preceding winter.

As to the intense heat of the Egyptian sun, there is abundant
evidence. Burckhart observed the temperature of the air at Hsné
at 139° F., and Coutelle, that at Cairo at 127° F., and at Phil,
129° F." Coutelle records a constant temperature at Phil, from

1 Foissac, idem, II, 272.

144 Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder.

12to3 P.M., at 107°.5 to 109°.5 F., on the north and in the shade;
in the sun, in open air, up to 113° F.; in the sand, 158° F.* Nouet
found, opposite the ruins of Thebes, that a thermometer in the sand,
at noon, rose to 153°.5 F.; in the shade, 100°, with light wind from
N.W Also at Phile, he observed thermometer in the sand at
153°.5 F., and in the shade, 109°. During the removal of the
western Luxor Obelisk to Paris, in July, 1836, the engineer in
charge, M. A. Lebas, states that the sands burned his feet, the
temperature of the air, on one day, remaining for four hours at 66° C.
(151° F.): a sun which strongly recalled, as he feelingly remarks,
‘‘the energetic and fitting expression of Moses in regard to Egypt
‘this furnace of fire.’ ’”

Dr. Donald Dalrymple,‘ in 1861, called attention to the considerable
diurnal variations of temperature in the climate of Egypt. His series
of observations of the temperature of the air, on a Nile boat, during
the winter of 1859-1860, showed the following average ranges :-—

December, 1859. . . . 36°F. IMME Oo 9 0 0 BS IR.
Jennings UND 5 6% 5 Betoun, March). s\..) fo mieten USE

He also states that ‘“‘the minimum never registered within 6
degrees of freezing-point out of doors.”

More definite on this point are the meteorological observations of
Dr. J. D. Hutcheson,’? at Thebes, during five months of the coolest
season, from November, 1881, to March, 1882, inclusive. During
each of these months, the daily maxima in the sun, when reduced
from his tables, are found to vary as follows :—

November, 1881 . : . 5 TBA Al Ne (GES (es))
December. : 5 : - 136°-145° F. (58°-63° C.).
January, 1882 - : : . 125°-139° F. (52°-59° C.).
February 5 : : : - 119°-143° F. (48°-62° C.).
March . 2 : 4 : » U34°=1b do (oe —bsos)s

These figures show that the maximum heat of the sun must be
in Egypt far more intense, continuous, and severe upon stone than
-in the climate of New York. This surprising conclusion is exactly
contrary to the prevailing opinion, frequently expressed, concerning
the trying climate of New York, with its supposed extraordinary
and sudden ranges in temperature. To these has been mainly
attributed® the mysterious and sudden destruction which began to
affect the surface of our Obelisk, soon after its re-erection in New

1 Coutelle, loc. cit., 334. 2 Nouet, loc. cit., 341.
3 Lebas, idem, 60. 4 Dalrymple, op. cit.,.7, 11, 25.
5 Stuart, Fun. Tent of Eg. Queen, 146. © Egleston, loc. cit.

Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder. 145

York (January 22,1881). As it fortunately happened that the
period covered by Hutcheson’s observations began in the autumn
of that year, it would be interesting to compare the similar obser-
vations made by Draper at the same time in this city. As conclu-
sions from averages are also often deceptive, it appears desirable to
present the daily observations at both localities. In the following
table, I have therefore reduced the daily ranges in temperature
during those five months, at each place, in Fahrenheit degrees,
between the maximum in the sun and the minimum in the shade,

Daily Ranges in Temperature (F.) between Maximum in Sun
and Minimum in Shade.

NEw YorK. THEBES.

1881, 1882. 1881. 1882.

OAS Rw
lor
or
po
SS SD
on
(=)
lor)
lor)
lo 0}
w
(0 0)
oo
19 9)
Ve)
fo)
we)

12 208 | 45 | 57 |res |) 43 |) 77 | 86 | 80 | g0 |) ‘89

18 30 66 20 68 70 86 92 87 93 92

24 55 58 61 67 55 84 | 90 | 89 72 84
25 69 57 44 79 69 292) ie 83 86 89
26 68 41 18 62 65 BE OD he 87 87 87

27 foete me | va) O | gE ss | 86. |. 86 | 83
Saeetacaieeo (a. lego | eg cl Be) Bs | 68 | 91 | 90

29 67 0 66 69 85 90 87 | 87
30 76 54 62 63 87 88 85 82
ol 51 7 66 88 87

Averages} 51 | 44 Ad 54 a 83 | 88 85 86 87

146 Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder.

The similar averages, at New York, for the remaining months of
1882, were as follows :—

Ayal 5 5 9 o oY) July. . . . 60 | October aye
WHEN Se ok og deo ell August - « « O9 “| November 0 ueemau
Jamey ee ee a OL September. . . 38 | December . . . 50

These figures show that while the changes in the range of tem-
perature at New York are frequent and sudden, and correspondingly
trying from the physiological point of view, the actual daily ranges
of temperature at Thebes are 60 per cent. greater than those at New
York, constant, and proportionately severe in the amount of repeated
expansions and contractions of the surface of stone caused by such
daily oscillations. The ranges at Thebes do not lose in importance
from the fact that they occur somewhat further up the scale than at
New York, since the question of frost is a distinct subject for con-
sideration.

A natural conviction as to the severity of our climate, with its
intense heats of summer, bitter cold periods during midwinter, and —
frequent and sudden alternations of rains, snow, and sunshine,
thawing and freezing, during spring and autumn, has influenced
the popular judgment on the true causes of stone-decay.

The common, and, as I think [ have shown, mistaken view,
thereon upheld, may have been partly founded on inexact apprecia-
tion of the intervals between conspicuous extremes of temperature
at New York. Thus, in January, 1882, the observed temperatures
varied at one time from 97° F. in the sun to —6° F. in the shade,
but with an interval of six days between these extremes, and no
greater range than 58° on any one of those days. At Thebes, in
the same month, the variation of 94° occurred on a single day (the
2d), viz., from 45° to 139° F.

But the actual ranges of temperature to which the surface of a
solid body must have been subjected at Thebes, between the extreme
heat of the burning sun by day and the cold produced by radiation
toward the cloudless sky of Egypt by night, may be probably better
estimated with reference to the minima recorded at night by a
thermometer on the grass. From Hutcheson’s tables for these
minima and for the maxima in the sun, I have deduced the follow-
ing variations of the daily ranges of temperature during each of the
same five months.

Study of the New York Obelisk asa Decayed Boulder. 147

November, 1881 : : : - 90°-111° F. (50°-62° C.).

December - : : - . 94°-109° F. (52°-61° C.).
January, 1882 : : : . 86°-106° F. (48°-59° C.).
February c : : - « F2°-110° BF. (39°-61° C.).
March . ° : - - - 76°-117° F. (42°-65° C.).

It therefore appears that, even during the coolest season at
Thebes, the surface of solid bodies must be subjected to daily
yariations of temperature approaching 72° to 117° F., 7. e., about
100° F. every day. Also, from the table of maxima already given,
that a surface of stone is daily heated for a time, during eight or
nine months of the year, to a temperature at or above that of melt-
ing paraffin (146° F.). So far then as concerns mere oscillations in
temperature, the climate of Egypt must be far more trying to the
surface of stone than that of New York; the Obelisk, since its
transfer to New York, has been in much less need of protection
from injury by mere variations of heat and cold; and its sudden
decay immediately after its arrival here was certainly not due to
this agency.

This subject has been here considered and discussed in some
detail, on account of the divergence of my conclusion from the
common view, and of its practical bearing on the true cause of
injury to building-stones, as well as to the Obelisk, to be feared
from our climate, and on the proper method for their protection.

We have also invaluable evidence, already presented, as to the slow
action of even the burning sun of Egypt, as well as of its extreme
diurnal changes of temperature, upon the surface of granite, in the
condition of all the obelisks and of their sides which faced the mid-
day and afternoon sun (paragraph 8, (4), b), during recorded periods
of enormous length.

18. Waterproofing treatment of other Egyptian obelisks.

We may here pertinently refer to processes adopted abroad for
the protection from the weather of other Egyptian obelisks of the
same granite, and to the scanty testimony concerning their results.

(1). The London Obelisk.—This monolith, once the fallen com-
panion of our own at Alexandria, reached the Thames, January 20,
1878, and was re-erected on September 12 of the same year. As
to its condition on arrival, Prof. Bartlett, of London, has stated in
a letter: ‘‘Soon after it arrived in the Thames, I was requested to
examine its then condition, and to advise a professional friend at

148 Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder.

the Metropolitan Board of Works. My report was that the granite
had become largely decomposed at the surface, and was more or less.
undermined by the action of the weather during many centuries;
that one face was far more eroded by the attrition of the sand, and —
perhaps by the chemical action of the Nile water, than were the
other three sides. -In short, that the granite was precisely in that
absorbent state that it would imbibe dampness from our atmos-
phere, and become liable to exfoliate and throw off scale after scale,
under the influence of frost, until but little of the inscriptions would”
be likely to remain, after one or two of our English winters.” As to
the preservative soon after applied, Mr. John Dixon, the engineer
who conveyed the monolith to London, writes, in a recent letter
(May, 1891) to the London Times :—

‘My attention has been drawn to some statements in the House
of Commons as to the alleged decay of the Egyptian obelisk on the
Thames Embankment.

“After making a careful personal examination of the monument, |
my critical eye fails to detect upon its surface a sign of any decay
whatever. Were there such, there could be no doubt there would be _
grains of the stone lying on the altar steps and top of the pedestal.
I climbed up and could not see one sign of any decay. I also could —
see glittering points on the surface, of the solution of silica supplied
to me by the skilled chemists of the British Museum, at the sugges-
tion of my old friends, Sir Richard Owen and Dr. Birch, and of
which three coats or washes were given with the greatest care,
before the trunnions and fastenings for the final lift were placed —
around it.” }

However, it has also been stated,' probably in reference to a sub- t
sequent treatment, that the same monolith ‘‘was treated, in 1879, f
by Mr. Henry Browning, with a solution of gum dammar dissolved :
in benzin, to which a small amount of beeswax was added, and a :
very small quantity of corrosive sublimate.” 4

(2). The Paris Obelisk.—A fter its removal from Luxor to Paris, |
in 1836, this monolith lay untouched for 22 months, while its pedes-_ ia
tal was being quarried from a granite outcrop in the western part —
of France. After its erection, ‘‘as a protection against a climate so
much more rigorous than that of its native land, the surface of the
obelisk was covered with a concentrated solution of caoutchoue.””

1 Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci., V (1886), 67, and Gorringe, op. cit., 107.
2 Gorringe, idem, 92-93.

Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder. 149

It has also been stated that several attempts were made to
weatherproof this obelisk with the silica treatment.
As to the present condition of this monolith, Prof. Egleston'

‘states: ‘The obelisk in the Place de la Concorde in Paris is

reported cracked all over its surface. Both the European obelisks
are therefore in danger of being seriously damaged within the next
hundred years.”

19. Hxamination of Obelisk by Committees of Experts.
On November 30, 1889, the Commissioners of the Public Parks

of the city of New York requested the following persons to act as

a Committee of Experts, to make an examination of the Obelisk
and report to the Board, as soon as practicable, as to its condition,
with reference particularly to its preservation, viz., Lt.-Col. G. L.
Gillespie, of U. 8. Engineers, Profs. J. 8. Newberry, Albert H.
Gallatin, and R. O. Doremus, Mr. E. E. Farnam,’ former U. 8.
Consul General in Egypt, and the author. On May 20, 1890, the
Committee reported’ that they had found the general surface of the
Obelisk ‘‘in as perfect a state of preservation, apparently, as when
it was treated with the paraffin wax compound, over 4 years and 6
months ago,” and ‘‘in no present need of any additional treatment.”
They recommended an additional local treatment, by the same pro-
cess, of certain spots on the monument, which, before 1885, had
become more deeply decayed and yet give a hollow sound to a light
blow. Of these spots a full individual description was given in an
Appendix to the Report, together with a chart of the four faces of
the Obelisk, showing their exact location. It was further recom-
mended that the process should be modified for this special purpose,
by application of more gentle and longer continued warmth, with-
out the use of the blast-lamp; that no stone should be removed from
the surface of the monolith: that a preliminary experiment should
be carried on upon a large block of coarse granite, to determine the
depth of penetration of the compound into the stone: and that the
retreatment of these spots on the Obelisk should take place during
the hottest part of the following summer, July or August, when
the stone was in its driest state. The recommendation of re-treat-
ment of these spots simply meant that, in view of the deep decay
and exfoliation which had occurred up to 1885, the process had been

1 Loe. cit., 84. 2 Report, p. 10.

150 Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder.

then carried on too rapidly to insure, in such spots, an infiltration —
of melted paraffin to a sufficient depth for perfect safety. q

On June 30, 1890, the Park Commissioners appointed a Second
Committee, consisting of the late Prof. John 8. Newberry, (Prof.
Albert H Gallatin, who was unable to serve) and the author, to
carry out the proposed experiment and define the details of the
modified process. On July 24, this Committee sent in their Re-
port. This and the preceding Report (with the exception of its —
Appendix and chart) have been printed by the Park Department,
but only in small number. It is therefore desirable to present here —
the principal facts, including the more scientific and technical details. —

“The object of the experiment was to determine the best condi-
tions for the re-treatment of the decayed spots upon the Obelisk —
during the coming month of August. . . . It was necessary in the
first place to obtain a large block of granite of approximately the
same mineral composition and texture as that of the Obelisk, and, if
possible, of the same size.” After much exploration of the granite
yards of New York City to obtain the use of a block of sufficient
size, and many inquiries concerning the granite quarries up the
Hudson River, in Connecticut, near Saybrook and along the Sound,
and in the islands off the coast of Maine, ‘‘our attention was directed
to the many large transported boulders of granite or coarse granitoid
gneiss which are strewn over the surface of Westchester County.
In masses of rock like these, exposed to the weather for ages, we
might fairly expect to find the better material for which we were
looking—that which had experienced an incipient internal decompo-
sition and increased power of absorption, as in the granite of our
ancient Obelisk. Near Tuckahoe and New Rochelle several such
beulders were found, though of insufficient size, on the lands of
Mr. F. Wiede and of Mr. C. Morgan, to whom also our thanks are
due for offered assistance.

At last, near the summit of a hill on Midland Avenue, about two
and one-half miles southwest of Bronxville, an enormous boulder,
nearly twenty feet in height, of granitoid gneiss, was found on the
DeWitt property, which seemed well enough suited for our object.
Its mineral components were found to be very nearly the same as
those of the Obelisk, viz.: white feldspar (triclinic), potash feldspar,
quartz, hornblende, biotite-mica, and a little garnet, magnetite, ete.
The volume of the entire boulder was measured and ascertained to
be nearly three times that of the Obelisk; but it was divided in two

Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder. 151

parts by a deep cleft. Our application to Mr. William D. DeWitt for
its use met with his ready consent, and whatever help we needed.”

In the ensuing experiment, the Committee had two points in
view :—

First, ‘‘to determine the rate of penetration of a definite amount
of heat into a huge mass of granite, when applied continuously to a
small spot on one surface.”” The practical object was to ascertain
the time needed to bring the temperature of a layer of the granite,
one to two inches in thickness, up to or a little above the melting-
point of paraffin, without injury to the stone.

Secondly, to determine tbe most effective way, and proper appa- —
ratus, for the application of melted paraffin, to cause the deepest
penetration and thorough saturation of the warmed stone and of
any cavities or crevices lying beneath its surface.

(1). The application of heat.—The N.E. corner of the huge
boulder was selected for the main experiment, where two vertical
faces, approximately even and smooth, met nearly at a right angle.
The N. face presented, in cross-section, the edges of the vertical
lamine of the gneiss. The E. face was reserved for the application
of the heat, and on the N. face, at a point about 6 feet above the
ground, a series of 13 horizontal holes, about 2 cm. in diameter, were
drilled at right angles to the face, each to the depth of about 10 inches,
for the insertion of a set of thermometers in a sloping line. ‘The
direction of these holes was controlled by means of an instrument
constructed on the principle of parallel rules; by this also the exact
distance was ascertained between the bottom of the hole, where the
bulb of the thermometer would lie, and a marked spot on the east
face of the boulder, 10 inches south of the corner The holes were
arranged in a line sloping upward atan angle of about 45°, with the
purpose that every thermometer-bulb should lie horizontally behind
the warmed spot on the east face of the boulder, and yet without the
interposition of any other of the bored holes and interference with
heat-waves which might thence result. Into these holes the set
of long delicate thermometers, with open Centigrade scale, were
inserted and firmly packed with soft ashestos-wool or cotton, so
that their bulbs were arranged at the following successive distances
from the east face, 1.7, 2.4, 2.8, 3.1, 4, 48, 5.6, 6.5, 8.3, 24.6, and
50.1 centimeters: and so that the degrees above 20° C. were visible
at a glance, upon the projecting parts of the scales, from an observer
on a small platform near the corner on the north side.

In front of the east face a shears was erected, supporting the

152 Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder.

source of heat, a flat charcoal stove or upright pan, 20 by 14 inches
in dimensions, with its face covered by coarse wire-grating, kept
filled with charcoal at red heat. This stove was suspended usually
at a distance of about 25 inches from the marked spot on the east
face. In order to direct and control a uniform heat upon this spot,
the stove was partly surrounded by a sheet-iron screen, extending
from the stove to the surface of the rock.

The degree of surface temperature was determined by another
thermometer, whose bulb lay against the same marked spot. It
was controlled by moving the stove occasionally back and forth,
when the ignited charcoal varied a little in radiated heat, as on the
addition of fresh fuel, so that the temperature should remain at
about 88° C. (190° F.); it was found to be under easy control,
within a few degrees, with the apparatus described. The experi-
ment began at 11 A.M., on Tuesday, July 20, 1890, in charge of
both members of the Committee, and continued for 74 hours until
sunset, the thermometers being constantly observed and noted.
The day happened to be very suitable for the experiment, clear
and warm, the temperature during the afternoon varying from 25°
to 21° C.; the air was nearly calm, with only now and then a very
light breeze, which was continuous after 5 P. M. At any time
during the experiment, the observer could without discomfort lay
his hand on the warmed surface of the rock, alongside of the ther-
mometer. With constant and careful inspection of the surface,
during the heating and at its close, ‘‘no evidence whatever was
seen of cracking, scaling, or any other injury to the warmed stone”
on the east face, or on its section on the north face.

(2). The application of melted paraffin.—To the spot on the
east surface of the boulder, warmed for 4+ hours as just described,
meited ‘paraffin, colored red by alkanet root, was applied with a
brush for a few minutes, before the sun went down and brought
this experiment to an end. The reddened paraffin was found to
have penetrated at least 1.7 centimeters (§ of an inch), even with
so short an application.”’

“During that experiment, however, another stove was applied
in the same way to a neighboring boulder of the same stone, of
smaller size, during two hours. ‘To this spot a shallow metal tank
was taken quickly and tightly fitted, with its side open against the
warmed rock, and filled with the same colored paraffin, kept liquid
for one hour longer. The tank was then removed, and, on the next
day, the face of the rock was cut off and the depth of penetration

Shel SDR

EO Pie LI PN RTI OY

va

¥
pe
r.

Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder. 153

of the paraffin observed on the cross-section. At that part of the
face of the rock which had been subjected to the melted paraffin for
one hour, it was found that a layer of twenty-five to thirty-two
millimeters (one to one and one-quarter inch) had been saturated.””

To facilitate observation of the depth of penetration, the melted
paraffin had been previously dyed to a deep red color by alkanet
root. But the curious fact was observed that, although the color
was apparently held in true solution, it was strained out of the
paraffin by the outer layer of decayed rock, about 3 millimeters in
thickness, and only uncolored paraffin penetrated below. As the
latter was easily distinguished, this result was of no practical im-
portance. I presume that it may have been due to a precipitation of
the color, as a “‘lake,’”’ by the kaolin or free alumina in the weathered
crust of the rock.

The Report concluded with the following five recommendations
by the Committee :—

“1. That the comparatively slow penetration of paraffin into the
solid granite, after so long an application of heat, confirms the view
of the shallowness of the present layer so saturated upon the sur-
face of the Obelisk, as accomplished nearly five years ago by the
usual quick process. Therefore the experiments of the present
Committee lead us to renew the recommendation of local re-treat-
ment, in order to insure the safety of the cracked and more badly
decayed spots. The absence of the least indications of injury to the
stone, after four hours’ continuous warming, seems to us to show
that the process can be used without danger. .

“2. That the heat should be applied to each spot in the way and
with the apparatus already described, at a distance not less than
twenty-four inches, in such a way as to keep a thermometer, with
its bulb applied to the warmed surface, at a temperature not exceed-
ing one hundred and ninety degrees Fahrenheit, and for a period of
about two hours.

“3. That those decayed spots whose small size (three or four
inches), indistinct sound on tapping, and freedom from visible
cracks, indicate the probable shallowness of the decayed or loos-

ened flake, shall be then, while still continuously warmed by the

stove, repeatedly painted over with melted paraffin, by means of a
brush or sponge, for about one-half hour to one hour, until the
rejection of the paraffin shows their perfect saturation.

1 Report, 14,
Annaus N. Y. Acap. Sci., VIII, July, 1893.—11

154 Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder.

‘““4, That those decayed spots whose large area (sometimes reach-
ing a diameter of twenty inches), deeper hollow sound, and display
of cracks, indicate the depth of their decay and the possible exist-
ence beneath of a cleft or cavity of some size, shall be submitted,
immediately after two hours’ warming, to the action of a tank of
melted paraffin for about an hour, or until there is evidence of the
arrest of absorption of paraffin.

‘For this purpose we also recommend the use of tanks of greater
height, in order to increase the hydrostatic pressure of the melted
paraffin and its consequent penetration into the interstices of the
rock.

‘5. We particularly recommend the careful- treatment, in the
latter method, of the large loosened flakes upon the west face of the
pyramidion and vicinity, and of the southwest corner of the Obelisk
for thirty feet below, and that the cracks be left neatly filled up or
‘pointed’ with solid paraffin.”

20. Experiment on rate of penetration of heat into granite.

For the practical end in view in the experiment described, the
rough estimate stated was entirely sufficient. But the figures
obtained were available for a closer determination of the rate of
penetration of the heat-wave, and this has been since calculated
and is now presented below.

Before the experiment, the entire set of thermometers, Nos. 1 to
13, were carefully compared, in ‘the part of the scale used (above
20° C.), in warmed solutions at successively increasing tempera-
tures, with a pair of standard thermometers, made by Tonnelot, of
Paris, marked Nos. 50 and 52, kindly loaned to me for the purpose
by Dr. Charles F. Chandler. In these, the constants had been
already determined at the Yale College Observatory. The com-
parative trials were carried on in the Laboratory of Microbiology
of Columbia College, but need not be described in detail. The
results of the comparison yielded the following corrections, which
have been applied to all the observations recorded beyond.

No. of ther-
mometer. \ CL 2a | EAN ORO, PLO al ed 8 9 10° S019) alee

Correction. .| 0. | 0 | 0 | 0. | 4.7 | 0. | +.2 | —2 | —3 | +1 ] +1 | —6 | —2

In the following table, the corrected figures are given from the
observation note-book :

:

155

Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder.

"9Z90.1G, O[FUOY)

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156 Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder.

From these figures I have plotted the curve (Fig. 2), showing
rate of penetration of heat into this stone.

Fig. 2.
Period of heating V our Dhours 3 hours 4hours _.
path |
in ) ‘
Centimeters,
a
(Lurch)
3
4
s (2 inches)
6
7
(aimee
g|:
7

From a consideration of the figures in the table, and this plotted
curve, the following conclusions may be drawn :—

(1). That the progress of the heat-wave into the stone is curiously
intermittent, with alternations of slow advances and rapid plunges,
lessening however in contrast, in proportion to the increasing depth.

As the stone, though gneissoid in structure, is comparatively
homogeneous, and the direction of penetration is normal to the
lamination-planes, we may reasonably attribute this character of
the curve mainly to the moisture locked up, in varying proportions,
in the interstices of the successive layers. The increment of heat
seems to be repeatedly absorbed, during a period of one-half to one
hour, during the vaporization of moisture in a layer of about one
centimeter in depth, and its advance thereby delayed. Then the
balance of forces is suddenly broken, possibly by a lateral escape of
vapor through some crevice, and a rapid advance of the heat-wave
ensues during a few minutes, at first to a depth of two or more
centimeters. Then comes the resistance of gathering vapor as
before.

(2). The determination of the rate of increment of heat, in this
experiment, has been affected by several sources of disturbance and
variation. The acquirement of exact and uniform figures would
involve the prevalence of the following theoretical conditions: the

a

ro

Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder. 157

emission of heat of definite amount, at a constant rate, from a point,
through a homogeneous medium; even thus, the rates of increment,
at successive points along a radius of the spherical heat-wave pro-
_ jected through the medium, would evidently decrease, at a rapidly
augmenting geometrical ratio with the distances from the center.
_ In our experiment, however, the following sources of variation and
- disturbance must have accompanied these theoretical conditions :—

(a). Irregular distribution of temperature through the rock,

_ before the experiment.
(b). Irregular source of heat: an indefinitely large number of
_ points, yielding heat in varying amount and intensity. The fuel
had to be re-adjusted in the stove, twice during the afternoon, with
distinct influence in cooling the surface of the stone; and farther
variation must have been produced by the slight breeze which
sprang up in the latter part of the afternoon.

(c). Heterogeneous medium: an aggregate of several minerals
of different conductivity of heat, chiefly quartz, feldspars, biotite,
‘and hornblende: the occurrence of these minerals in crystals of
varying size, lying in all positions, with interstices of irregular size
intervening: separation of the aggregate into lamine of varying
thickness (mostly 2 to 3 centimeters) and texture, with the biotite-
plates mostly arranged in parallelism with the lamination-planes
and in part along those planes. .

(d). Presence of moisture in the interstices, probably in varying
quantity in different layers of the rock, and producing irregular
conversion of sensible into latent heat, during the production and
the escape of vapor.

(e). Radiation of heat and vapor, both from the heated surface,
on the east face of the boulder, and laterally from the north face.

In considering the figures in the table, the influence of these, and
probably other conditions of variation, is strongly marked. Taking
as a standard the average number of seconds in time required for an
increment of one degree of temperature (Centigrade) to a depth of
one centimeter, we find great oscillation along any line, either of depth,
as marked by a particular thermometer, or of period of time, par-
ticularly of the latter. At any depth, within about 8 or 9 centi-
meters from the surface, the average increment of 1° per cm. varies
from 25 to over 50 seconds, say about 36 seconds; while at any
- periods, passing across the columns of depth, the average increment
varies up to more than 100 seconds. At the extreme depths of 25

158 Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder.

and 50 centimeters, which also were most affected by lateral radia-
tion and loss of heat through the north face of the boulder, the
average increment lessened to a rate of over 2 minutes for 1° of
temperature per centimeter of depth.

It would have been interesting to repeat the experiment from
the north side of the boulder, on a series of thermometers, with
bulbs lying at successive depths along the direction of lamination
or strike of the boulder. Our experiment has at least thrown
light on some conditions and precautions, which would require
attention, in properly carrying on a series of such experiments on
the conduction of heat through various species of rock, in directions
varying in reference to planes of structure.

The curve presents at a glance the practical result of our experi-
ment, that the temperature of the melting-point of the paraffin-com-
pound (68° C.) reached a depth of 5 to 6 centimeters in about 2
hours.

21. Absorption-coefficients of Syene granite.

With a view to determine the exact changes in physical condition
in the interior of Syene granite, under the influence of long weather-
ing, both by the conditions of the climate of Egypt and of that of
New York, I have made the following experiments, with particular
reference to absorptive power. The essential features of my method
are founded on a distinction between two modes of absorption of
liquid by a porous solid:

(a). Lateral absorption, i.e., from one surface; such as occurs
in construction, when ashlar is moistened by rain upon its face.
The soaking up of water is here but partial, effected almost entirely
by interstices between the constituent grains, which may be distin-
guished as the rock-pores:

(b). Total saturation, where water is forced into all the interstices
of the rock, including the more minute interstices within the con-
stituent mineral-grains, which may be distinguished as the mineral-
clefts. This therefore includes the.amount of liquid in the rock-
pores, and the difference enables us to estimate the volume of the
second class of voids.

All kinds of mechanical strain to which a rock may be subjected
(such as tension, jar, frost, etc.) are likely to develop mainly an
increased volume in the rock-pores; while the irregular contractions
and expansions, incident to the combinations, losses, and solutions

> olny

Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder. 159

which attend chemical decay, tend to develop mainly the micro-
scopic clefts in the interior of mineral-grains.

The rock-pores connect in chains of easily communicating voids,
forming an intricate network which freely imbibes water, by capil-
lary attraction, from any moistened surface, until completely filled.
The communication between the mineral-clefts is interrupted and
difficult, and their occupation by liquid is slow, on account partly
of their minuteness and partly of their content of air, probably as
a condensed film. The distinction of the two classes of voids, of
their origin, and of conclusions from their proportion, seems to me
important.

The apparatus and process employed for the purpose need to be
first described. After some modifications, they were applied by
me some years ago to a long series of trials on building-stones of
this country, and were found to yield uniform and satisfactory re-
sults.

The main apparatus consists of a low bell-jar, 12 inches in diame-
ter and 6 inches in height, with glass knob for convenient handling ;
this stands in about half an inch of distilled water in a large shallow
tray. Within the bell-jar and half immersed in the water, is a
round, soft clay tile, with even and smooth upper surface, 9 inches
in diameter and about 1 inch in thickness. Before use, this tile
must be repeatedly boiled in distilled water to remove all soluble
matter from its interstices.

On the top of the tile several pads of sheet-rubber, 3 to 4 inches
across, are laid. In the centre of each pad a square opening, 1
inch on a side, is occupied by a pad of thick soft blotting-paper,
which, of course, remains constantly saturated with water drawn
up from the tile. Each of the rubber pads is also kept covered with
a small low glass cover or inverted dish, to prevent the fall of con-
densed water from the vault of the bell-jar. The water lost by
evaporation outside the bell-jar is constantly replaced, so as to keep
a constant level. Without a suitable precaution, the raising of the
bell-jar from the water would be accompanied by a sudden inrush
of water and flooding of the tile. This is prevented, either by a
short bent piece of glass tubing, which passes from outside down and
around the edge of the bell-glass and so up into its interior, so as
to provide constant communication between the air outside and in;
or more conveniently by a half-inch hole bored through the vault of

160 Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder.

the bell-glass, closed by a cork, which is removed every time, before
the bell-glass is raised.

The stone to be examined is either cut into a dressed cube of an
inch on a side, or broken into a fragment of about that form and
size; with either, the result seems to be the same. A sawn cube is
always previously digested in ether or chloroform to remove any
oil or grease possibly adhering or absorbed during the sawing or
handling. All cubes are first dried in a desiccator, over sulphuric
acid. Before every weighing, the cube is wrapped tightly in a
doubled sheet of tin-foil of known weight.

The process consists of the following steps: The cube, on removal
from the desiccator, is weighed in its tin wrapper, pressed down
into firm contact upon the yielding wet pad of blotting-paper,
covered, and there left under the bell-jar until filled by lateral
absorption. This usually requires 2 or 3 hours, and is often indi-
cated by little drops of water exuding upon the upper surface.
The cube is then quickly pressed surface-dry in a piece of filter-
paper, instantly wrapped in the tin-foil and weighed. This is
repeated to insure constant weight. ‘The cube is then immersed
in non-aérated distilled water and put in the vacuum of an air-pump
until effervescence ceases, again wiped surface-dry, and weighed in
its tin wrapper; this is repeated to constant weight. Finally the
cube is weighed in distilled water at determined temperature.

Four specimens were examined in this way, viz. :—

A. Granite from the ancient quarry at Syene, selected from a
large number of specimens, on account of its fresh appearance.

B. Granite from the Syene quarry, apparently showing slight
decomposition, by dulled color and lustre, and by some fine cracks.

C. Fresh granite of the Obelisk, obtained in January, 1881, soon
after the erection of the Obelisk, and probably derived from chip-
pings off the heel of the shaft, done under direction of Commander
Gorringe.

D. Flake of disintegrated granite, removed from surface of the
Obelisk in 1885, supplied by the Park Commissioners.

The trial of these paired specimens yielded the following results:

The actual weights obtained, in grams, are given in the table
beyond.

Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder.

161

Cube Cube Cube in
Dried | moistened | saturated | distilled

Specimens tested. cube. by lateral | by immer-| water
absorption. sion. at 25° C.

A | Fresh granite, Syene quarry 28.539 | 28.586 | 28.595 | 17.770
B_ Decayed granite, Syene quarry 68.183 | 68.365 68.436 | 42.755
C | Fresh granite, Obelisk in 1881 82.415 | 82.483 | 82.640 | 51.193
D _ Decayed granite, Obelisk in 1885 32.735 | 32.792 32.886 | 20.513

From these weights the following coefficients have been calcu-
lated; a and 6, in percentage of weight of the rock: c, d, and e, in
percentage of its volume: and f and g, in percentage of its Total

Voids.

Determinations of Absorption of Syene Granite,

Sresh and decayed.

= a. b. é. d. é. fe alg h. i.
3
2 | | Specifie gravity.
oO | | on——s
= | Coefficient! Satura- | Rock | Mi taal Ie Enti
a a lateral aa vais wide: Hotel Lanes eae Mineral iguana
& absorption. coefficient.) (pores). | (clefts). SASHES AES | Sea lemat tern winters
¢ stices.
| =|
A 165 196 GABE! | aliveis} = | etpily/ 84 16 2.650 | 2.636
fb 267 371 SOS) |), cx4riey 985 72 28 2.681 | 2.655
Cc .083 273 216 | 500 | .716 30 70 2.640 | 2.621
D 174 461 461 | .759 | 1.220 37 63 2.678 | 2.646
|

I have long hoped to confirm and develop these results, by similar
fo) p Der w
experiments on a more extended series of specimens of granite from

Syene, for which I have been waiting.

These were to include,

especially, specimens of fresh rock, to be reached by blasting from

some depth below the present surface in the quarries.
chemical analyses were also to be made.

On these,
But the recent death, in

the midst of his own useful investigations, of the friend, Mr. F.
Cope Whitehouse, on whose offered assistance I relied to procure
this material from Egypt, has decided me to publish at once the
results so far obtained.

22. The causes and progress of the decay of the Obelisk.

From the foregoing figures the following conclusions, I think,
may be safely drawn, even from this limited series; though we

162 Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder.

must allow for differences in constitution of the rock, in considering
such small quantities, and for unknown variations in the length of
exposure of these specimens to the weather.

(1). This granite, from whatever source derived, is by no means
a compact mass, but is traversed by interstices in notable propor-
tion, amounting to (see column e on total voids) from one-half to
over one per cent. of its volume, according to its fresh character or
condition of incipient decay.

In other words, even the dense Syene granite is finely spongy
throughout, in its freshest state.

(2). In regard to the rock aggregate, the fresh granite (c) from
the Obelisk, probably broken from the ever sheltered heel of its
shaft, apparently represents either accidentally the most compact
variety, or else the freshest condition of the Syene granite in my
series, retaining the lowest coefficient of lateral absorption (.083),
7. e., the smallest proportion of rock-pores, about } of one per cent.
of the volume (.216). But in regard to the constituent minerals,
the fresh granite, as just arrived from Alexandria, contained nearly
50 per cent. more voids (716 to 517) than that at Syene, chiefly in
its more abundant mineral interstices. This may indicate the effici-
ency of hydration in the damper climate of the Egyptian sea-coast.

(8). The progress of decay of the surface chips of the granite, in
the quarry at Syene, was attended with increase in the minute inter-
stices of its component minerals rather than in the pores of the rock;
the original relationship (columns g and /) 16 to 84 became 28 to 72.

This seems to show that, in the arid climate of Syene, the chief
element of decay in the granite was chemical, consisting in the ab-.
sorption of oxygen and water by its minerals. The limited absorp-
tion of the latter, however, is shown by the determination of the
loss by incineration at 0.65 per cent., and in the microclin at 0.35
per cent."

(4). The progress of decay in the granite of the Obelisk, on the
other hand, from 1881 to 1885, has yielded an increased proportion
of rock-pores; the relationship of 70 to 30 having changed to 63 to
37. The mineral voids have increased 50 per cent. (.500 to .759),
and the rock-voids have more than doubled (.216 to .461).

This indicates the action of a chemical force on the minerals,
increasing their clefts, and a still more efficient mechanical action ;

1 Delesse, loc. cit., 489.

Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder. 163

the latter, between the arrival of the Obelisk at New York and the
autumn of 1885, had produced a widening of the pores in the sur-
face of the rock and incipient disintegration. This seems to me to
prove that the active absorption of water, in our rainy seasons, by
the minerals on the surface of the Obelisk, was the first and a con-
tinuous cause of decay. But there was, as plainly, a rending force,
apparently greater than that which can be attributed to expansion
by hydration.

(5). One result of decay, both in the granite of the quarry at
Syene and in that of the Obelisk during its 43 years exposure in
New York, consists in an increase of specific gravity, both in the
mineral matter and in the entire rock with all its interstices. This
is a further indication that the actual expansion by hydration, in
the decayed surface, just referred to above, must have been very
small, and that the rending force must be sought in some other
direction.

The specific gravity of the granite of our Obelisk was determined
by Persifor Frazer in mass, including its cavities, at 2.6618; when
determined in grains of the size of a pea, at 2.7188; giving the
weight of one cubic foot of the rock at 166.1625 pounds avoirdupois.
According to G. W. Wigner, the specific gravity of the stone of the
London Obelisk was 2.682; absorbent power of the fresh stone, at
the rate of 5.4406 grams of water per square meter, and of the
weathered surface at a rate six times as great.

There are only two other forces, to whose sudden application or
‘increased action the rapid exfoliation of the surface of the Obelisk
from 1881 to 1885 has ever been attributed.

One of these is our climatic variation in temperature, with fre-
quent sudden changes within a single day, enhanced by the strong
heat of the sun. But I have already shown, from the even wider
ranges of temperature in the climate of Egypt, at a higher portion
of the scale, and from the observed results upon the sun-exposed
faces of all obelisks, that this supposed cause had little or nothing
to do with the surprisingly sudden disintegration which attacked
the Obelisk immediately after its arrival.

It seems therefore established that we must attribute those visible
effects of decay entirely to the violent force which’was then exerted
upon the monolith, almost for the first time in all its history—that
of frost. The power exerted by the expansion of water in freez-

164 Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder.

ing, within the pores of a stone, is so well known, that it needs no ~
discussion here.

It is therefore evident that, for the protection of the Obelisk from
this fierce attack, it was only necessary to insure the complete ex-
clusion of moisture.

Any process, however, in which waterproofing material is applied
in solution, even to a theoretically dry stone, must be imperfect
per se. On the evaporation of the solvent, which constitutes the
chief volume of the solution, the outer pores of the stone, empty to
a slight depth, are in large part simply lined instead of filled with
the protective residue. Nor can this deficiency be supplied by fur-
ther applications of the solution, in successive coats: for already
many of the pores have been sealed to further permeation, and the
result must be a merely superficial cellular coat. On the other
hand, practically, in any large solid mass of stone or masonry ex-
posed to the weather in our climate, the pores are already occupied,
and permanently, almost to the surface, by water, even in the
hottest and driest weather. This forbids the satisfactory penetra-
tion of a waterproofing solution to any material depth.

The process theoretically called for by the decaying Obelisk, in
1885, was one by which the pores of the granite should be first
emptied of moisture to the depth of at least two inches, by some
gently applied but long continued absorbent, such as dry air or
gentle heat: and by which, secondly, the empty pores should be
completely saturated to that depth with a liquid preservative, of
melting-point above the mean temperature of the stone, strongly
adherent, permanent under weathering, and solidifying with slightest
possible contraction. These conditions were, I think, fortunately
approached by the process then applied, and will be still more closely
approximated by the modified process, recommended by the two
Committees, for the special retreatment of the decayed spots upon
the Obelisk.

Asan additional means of protection to the injured surface, I
have elsewhere! suggested the propriety of restoring the ancient
gilded cap to the apex of the pyramidion, regilding the remainder
of the surface of the pyramidion below the cap, and regilding the
hieroglyphic intaglios on the four vertical faces of the Obelisk.
Aside from the appropriateness of this restoration from the archeo-

1 The Misfortunes of an Obelisk, 128.

Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder. 165

logical point of view, already fully discussed in the paper referred
to, such an impervious metal film would serve as an efficient cover-
ing, to shed rain-water, sleet, and melting snow from the sloping
sides of the pyramidion and from the hollows of the deep intaglios
which cover the shaft below. To these hieroglyphs the Obelisk
owes its chief interest as a historical monument, and, unfortunately,
their cavities and projections, although still preserved, have suffered
the chief injury by the surface-decay. The regilding could be car-
ried out at small expense, and would be a most useful ally to the
waterproofing treatment. Nothing too much can be done by our
City authorities to secure both the preservation and proper decora-
tion of this unique Symbol of the Sun on American soil, and to
offset the deplorable neglect of our City, up to 1885, in its care of
this magnificent gift from a generous citizen, the late Mr. William
H. Vanderbilt.

Finally, then, when we return to our rusty pebble and the
Egyptian boulder, what conclusions may we fairly draw as to the
conditions attending their decay ?

A. The main agency, by far predominant over all others, in the
decay of these granite masses, has been aérated rain-water; this has
been aided in Egypt by extreme and constant oscillations of tem-
perature. Their means of action have been two-fold.

(1). Chemical, by absorption of water, together with oxygen, in
combination with part of the bases of the unlocked silicates, and
gradual removal of the rest in solution, producing irregular changes
of volume and proportionate increase of the mineral-clefts.

(2). Mechanical, through expansion by the sun’s heat and con-
traction by night-radiation, aided by artificial roasting in some
cases, tension and jar during transportation, further washing out
of soluble matters, and, in our climate, freezing: all producing
increase of the rock-pores.

B. The rate of action of each process is approximately indicated
by some of the facts stated :—

(1). Chemical action with a limited rainfall, efficiently aided by
oscillations of temperature, has tended, in the hot and comparatively
arid climate of Syene, to cause the disintegration and removal of a
layer, at least one centimeter in thickness, from the surface of the
granite-cliffs at Syene, during a period of five to six thousand years.
Forty-five centuries have been generally insufficient to produce any
visible external injury and exfoliation.

166 Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder.

(2). Mechanical action, predominantly that of frost, has worked
in the climate of New York at a vastly more rapid rate. On the
surface of the Obelisk, already scarred and weakened by fire, it
completely loosened a shell of about 0.73 mm. in thickness in 4#
years, equivalent to 1 centimeter in 70 years—or more nearly 1
centimeter in 50 years, when we allow for the decayed and parti-
ally loosened material which has not been removed from the surface
of the monument. But although this rate far exceeds that of the
estimate of Dr. Barnard (1 cm. in 6000 years) there is no evidence
that it must be continuous; the chief exfoliation has been probably
already effected in the weakened, thin outer layer of stone; the
main stone below is practically sound.

It appears then that an ancient column of granite like this, while
unfitted to mark the flying hours on a Roman dial, may yet serve
us as a true gnomon to record some phases of rock-decay at inter-
vals in geological time.

_

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ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. SCIENCES. VOL. VIII, PLATE I.

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ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. SCIENCES. VOL. VIIL., PLATE II.

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. SCIENCES VOL Vill Erb AtE Tie

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ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. SCIENCES. VOMiS Ville. Ply AcE lve

ANNALS

OF THE

NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

The ‘‘ ANNALS,’’ published for over half a century by the Lyceum of
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CONTENTS.

I.—The Parallaxes of « and 6 Cassiopeiz, deduced from Rutherfurd Pho-
tographic Measures. By Harotp JacoBy . : : Sao

I].—The Myriapoda Collected by the United States Eclipse Expedition
to West Africa, 1889 and 1890. By 0. F. Cook and G. N. Coruins

III.—Studies on the Life-history of some Bombycine Moths, with Notes

on the Sete and Spines of Certain Species By Aupneus S.
PACKARD . : : ; ; : : ‘ : : :

IV.—A Study of the New York Obelisk as a Decayed Boulder. By
ALEXIS A. JULIEN _ 5 5 a 5 é 5 S 5 :

PAGE |

24

93

a me : : : ; : Si |
fol. VIII. = a May, 1894. No. 4.

ANNALS

OF THE

NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES,

LATE

Heo Pork:
PUBLISHED BY THE ACADEMY.
1894.

OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY.
1894-95,

- President,
J. K. REES.

Vice- Presidents.
R. P. WHITFIELD, HENRY F. OSBORN.

Corresponding Secretary.
T. L. CASEY.

Recording Secretary.
J. F. KEMP.

Treasurer,
CHAS? F..COX:

Committee of Publication.
J. A. ALLEN, J F. KEMP,

HAROLD JACOBY, H. F. OSBORN.
THOS. L. CASEY (Epiror).

V.— Reversal of Cleavage in a Sinistral Gasteropod.

BY HENRY 'E. CRAMPTON, JR.

Read Feb. 12, 1894.

The purpose of the present preliminary notice is to communicate
an interesting series of embryological facts which have not hereto-
fore been published. They are the results of studies made during
last December upon the cleavage of the eggs of our common fresh-
water Pulmonates, Physa heterostropha, and Limnea columella.
Of these it will be remembered that the adult Physa has a sinistral
shell, and Limneza a dextral shell, the more usual form.

It was by a most happy accident that these facts were brought
to light. At the suggestion of Prof. E. B. Wilson, I was about to
study the development of Paludina, which, according to von Erlan-
ger, forms the mesoderm by archenteric pouches. As the Pulmo-
nates were commoner at that time of the year, the idea occurred to
me to study their development in order to have a more thorough
basis for comparison, when I came to study Paludina. But it was
with the full expectation of finding the usual method of cleavage,
and not with any idea of the presence of variation.

Owing to the short time of my investigation I have demonstrated
few stages beyond the formation of the mesoderm, which takes place
at the 28-cell stage. But the early stages have been most thoroughly
determined, and these I shall describe. I emphasize the point that
these are the determinative stages, in which the orientation of the
animal is completed, and are assuredly the most important.

The type of cleavage in these eggs is the spiral, well known in
many forms, notably Nereis (Wilson, Journ. Morph., vol. vi, No. 3),
Umbrella (Heymons, Zeit. f. wiss. Zool., Band 57, 1893), Neritina
(Blochmann, Zeit. f. wiss. Zool., Band 36, 1882), Crepidula (Conk-

Annats N. Y. Acap. Scr1., VIII, March, 1894.—12

168 Reversal of Cleavage in a Sinistral Gasteropod.

lin, Zool. Anz., No. 391, 1892), and others. To the facts of this
nature, I add, as my results, that the cleavage of Physa is typically
spiral, but totally reversed. 'This is not abnormal, for all the series
obtained developed reversedly, while Limnza eggs, laid in the same
jars, proceeded in the regular direct manner.

The eggs are smaller in Limnza than in Physa. Segmentation
begins about five hours after deposition, and about two hours after
the extrusion of the polar globules. As usual, the first cleavage-
plane is meridional, dividing the egg into equal parts, anterior and
posterior. The second plane, also meridional, divides each of these,
forming four nearly equal blastomeres, A, B, C', D (Figs. 1 and 2),
D. being slightly larger than the others. The first evidence of
variation in Physa appears at a late 2-cell stage. Here the spindles
for the next cleavage, instead of being inclined from left below to
right above, in side view, as they are in Limnea, are inclined from
right below to left above. This is a total reversion, which in the
completed 4-cell stage (Fig. 2), brings about the reversion of the
‘‘cross-furrows.’’ The appearance of these in Limnea and other
forms cited is that shown in Fig. 1.

And here it is plainly seen that the crossing of the upper and
lower cross-furrows is an expression of a spiral cleavage; for the
cells Band D being in contact at the lower pole, while A and @
are in contact at the upper, it follows that A and C are at a higher
level. And as A is separated off from B, and C from D, we have
a spiral cleavage, to the left in Limnea, and in Physa to the right.
A very noticeable feature at this stage is the enormous blastocoel.

The third cleavage plane is equatorial, and separates the first
group of micromeres, a’, b', c', d’, from the macromeres, A, B, C, D
(Fig. 3). These smaller cells alternate with the macromeres, show-
ing the spiral nature of the division. But it will be noticed that
they are derived in a /eft-handed spiral, the reverse of the case in
Limnea; and that this direction is opposite to that of the spiral of
the last division, as to be expected in a normal cleavage.

The twelve-cell stage occurs next. A second group of micro-
meres, a’, b’, c’, d’ (Fig. 4), is given off from the macromeres in a
right-handed spiral, this being opposite to their origin in other
forms; and also alternating with the spiral of the third cleavage.

Then the cells of the first group of micromeres divide unequally
(Fig. 5, a'!, a”, bY, b'?, etc.). Here again the reversal holds, as

Reversal of Cleavage in a Sinistral Gasteropod. 169

their division here is in a /eft-handed spiral. In Limnza and other
forms, they divide to the right.

A twenty-four-cell stage obtains by the division at about the
same time of the second group of micromeres and the macromeres.
A third group of micromeres arises spirally to the left, reversing
the condition in Limnea. And moreover the cells a’, b’, etc., divide
at right-angles to the direction in other forms.

There are one or two most interesting questions which arise in
view of the foregoing facts. I shall not attempt to discuss these,
contenting myself with merely pointing out their interest. First,
is there any correlation between the sinistral shell of the adult
Physa and the unique method of cleavage? The answer to this
will depend on further investigations on the embryology of sinis-
tral forms. Heretofore, we have had slight evidence of reversed
cleavage. Planorbis, as figured by Rabl (Morph. Jahrbuch, Band
5, 1879), is certainly reversed in some stages; whether this obtains
throughout is uncertain from the figures. The only other case is
that of Janthina (Haddon, Quarterly Journ. Micro. Sc., vol. xxii,
N.S8., 1882); there is a figure of an eight-cell stage, which appears
reversed. Janthina has an ordinary dextral shell.

Another important question is that relating to the origin of the
mesoderm. In all the spiral forms known cytogenetically, the
mesoderm arises from D, as one of the fourth group of micromeres,
which is given off in a left-handed spiral. And as D is on the left
side, d‘ comes to lie at the median posterior part of the embryo. Now
in Physa, D is on the right, and d* must arise in a right-handed
spiral; so that, while it occupies the same position as it does in
other forms, still in Physa, it is derived from the opposite side of
the egg. I shall not attempt to discuss whether this argues for

isotropy or preorganization, but will reserve full treatment for the
future.

CoLtumprA CoLuecE, 1894.

170 Reversal of Cleavage in a Sinistral Gasteropod.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE V.

Fig. 1.—4-cell of Limnea, from the animal pole.

Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5.—4-, 8-, 12, and 16-cell stages of Physa, all from animal
pole. I-I, first cleavage plane; II-II, second cleavage plane; A, B, C, D,
macromeres; al, b!, cl, d!, first group of micromeres; a®, b?, c2, d2, second
group of micromeres ; atl, al-2, b1-1, 512, etc., descendants of the first group of
micromeres. The arrows show the direction of the spiral division.

ANNALS N.Y. ACAD. SCIENCES. VOL.VIIL., PLATE V.

Fig 92

VI.— Certain New Derivatives in the Aromatic Series.

BY HARWOOD HUNTINGTON.
Read March 19, 1894.

TABLE OF NEW DERIVATIVES.

Phenylacridin-azo-alphaNaphtol.
Phenylacridin-azo-betaNaphtoldisulphonic acid, 2:6: 8.
Phenyldimethylacridin-azo-alphaNaphtol.
Phenyldimethylacridin-azo-betaNaphtol.
Phenyldimethylacridin-azo-Naphtylaminesulphonic acid.
Amidoazobenzol-azo-Naphtylaminesulphonic acid, 2: 7.
Para-Anisidin-azo-alphaNaphtoldisulphonic acid, 1:4: 8.
Para-Anisidin-azo-betaNaphtylaminesulphonic acid, 2: 5.
Para-Anisidin-azo-betaNaphtol.
Fluoren-disazo-betaNaphtylamine.
Fluoren-disazo-beta-gammaNaphtylamine.
FPluoren-disazo-alphaNaphtolsulphonic acid, 1: 4.
Fluoren-disazo-betaNaphtolsulphonic acid, 2: 6.
Fluoren-disazo-alphaNaphtol.
Fluoren-disazo-betaNaphtol.
Tetramethyldiamidodiphenylmethan-azo-betaNaphtylaminesulph-
onic acid, 2: 5.
Tetramethyldiamidodiphenylmethan-azo-betaNaphtylaminesulph-
onic acid, 2: 6.
Tetramethyldiamidodiphenylmethan-azo-betaNaphtylaminesulph-
onic acid, 2: 7.
Tetramethyldiamidodiphenylmethan-azo-beta-gamma-Naphtyla-
minesulphonic acid, 2—3.
Tetramethyldiamidodiphenylmethan-azo-alphaNaphtol.
Tetramethyl diamidodiphenylmethan-azo-alphaNaphtol sulphonic
acid, 1: 4.
Tetramethyldiamidodiphenylmethan-azo-betaNaphtol sulphonic
acid, 2: 6.
Tetramethyldiamidodiphenylmethan-azo-betaNaphtoldisulphonic
acid, 2:6: 8.
Tetramethyldiamidodiphenylmethan-azo-betaNaphtoldisulphonic
acid, 2:3: G:
Aniline-azo-dialphaNaphtol.
Aniline-azo-dibetaNaphtol.
Annats N. Y. Acap. Scr., VIII, April, 1894.

172 Certain New Derivatives in the Aromatic Series.

Para-Nitraniline-azo-dialphaNaphtol.
Para-Nitraniline-azo-dibetaNaphtol.
Toluidine-azo-dialphaNaphtol.
Toluidine-azo-dibetaNaphtol.
Xylidine-azo-dialphaNaphtol.
Xylidine-azo-dibetaNaphtol.
Amidoazobenzol-azo-dialphaNaphtol.
Amidoazobenzol-azo-dibetaNaphtol.
Sulphanilicacid-azo-alphadiNaphtol.
Sulphanilicacid-azo-betadiNaphtol.
AlphaNaphtylamine-azo-alphadiNaphtol.
Naphthionicacid-azo-alphadiNaphtol.
Naphthionicacid-azo-betadiNaphtol.
BetaNaphtylaminesulphonicacid-azo-alphadiNaphtol.
BetaNaphtylaminesulphonicacid-azo-betadiNaphtol.
Chinolin-azo-betaNaphtylaminesulphonic acid, 2: 5.
Chinolin-azo-alphaNaphtolsulphonic acid, 1: 4.
Chinolin-azo-beta-gammaNaphtyiaminesulphonic acid.
betaNaphtylaminesulphonic acid (2 : 6)-azo-alphaNaphtoldisul-
phonic acid, 1:4:8.
betaNaphtylaminesulphonic acid (2 : 5)-azo-betaNaphtol.
betaNaphtylaminesulphonic acid (2 : 5)-azo-betaNaphtoldisul-
phonic acid, 2:6: 8.
betaNaphtylaminesulphonic acid (2 : 5)-azo-betaNaphtoldisul-
phonic acid, 2:4: 8.
betaNaphtylaminesulphonic acid (2 : 5)-azo-alphaNaphtoldisul-
phonic acid, 1:4: 8.
Naphthionic acid-azo-alphaNaphtoldisulphonic acid, 1:4: 8.
Tribromaniline-azo-betaNaphtol.
Metadioxyazotribrombenzol. ~
Tribromaniline-azo-alphaNaphtolmonosulphonic acid, 1: 4.
Tribromaniline-azo-betaNaphtolmonosulphonic acid, 2 : 6.
Tribromaniline-azo-betaNaphtoldisulphonic acid, 2:3:6.
Tribromaniline-azo-alphaNaphtoldisulphonic acid, 2:6: 8.
Tribromaniline-azo-alphaNaphtylamine.
Tribromaniline-azo-betaNaphtylamine.
Tribromaniline-azo-betaNaphtylaminesulphonic acid, 2: 5.
Tribromaniline-azo-betaNaphtylaminesulphonic acid, 2: 6.

PREFACE.

It is a wide-spread, popular idea that the Coal-Tar Industry has
revolutionized the theory and practice of dyeing. This is only true
in part, because the improvement made possible by the brilliant
work of the leaders in Color-Chemistry has been in great measure )
annulled by the dyers, who, instead of using the best and most |

Certain New Derivatives in the Aromatic Series. 173
reliable of the inventions, have fallen into the reprehensible habit
of using those many fugitive derivatives of aniline with which the
market is flooded, because they are a little cheaper. All the colors
of the spectrum can now be made from the Coal-Tar Colors, and it
is perfectly possible to make them thoroughly reliable and fast—
fast to washing with hot and cold water, fast to acidulated water,
or alkaline water, and what is perhaps the supreme test of a color,
fast to the action of sunlight. If the dyers would conscientiously
use the really good dyes from coal-tar, and avoid the worthless ones
with which their trade is infested, the civilized part of the world
could compete successfully with those dyes used by the makers of
the Persian and Turkish carpets, in which the colors are as durable
as the rugs themselves.

To-day it is a fact, that, in spite of the many valuable and reliable
dyes, many of the old-fashioned dyes are not driven out of the
market. The natural dyes are still used in immense quantities—
Indigo for blue, Logwood for slates and blacks, Cutch for browns,
Fustic for yellows, and Sumac for mode colors. Then there are the
ancient uses of iron nitrate to make buffs with alkalies; the Prus-
sian blues from iron nitrate and prussiate; the brown from manga-
nese and alkalies; and the yellow from lead acetate and bichromate;
all these are of daily application. In many cases it is a pity, and in
most instances it is a sad waste of more or less expensive chemi-
cals, but as yet, only in the case of cochineal and madder is the field
completely occupied by the artificial dyes.

The writer cannot refrain from making one more observation
here. It is that the methods of dyeing are sure to undergo a
modification in the near future. Many dyes which now are made
for the works at the aniline mill or factory, will be made at the
works where the colors are applied to the fabric. As the patents
run out the number of colors available for manufacture at the
works will increase, and skilled color chemists will be as much a
requisite in works of repute, as the now omnipresent and some-
times omniscient Superintendent. This is not necessarily a factor
which will act to the detriment of the aniline manufactories, for
there will always be a demand for aniline dyes in the dry state; the
advantages of, and the necessities for the division of labor are too
apparent to be gainsaid; but in large works there is a deal of saving
and small economies to be effected, and the most progressive and
enterprising establishments are sure to be the first to profit by the

174 Certain New Derivatives in the Aromatic Series.

intelligent, conscientious work of able and competent chemists of the
new school.

In lieu of an historical introduction, I have drawn up a list of
all the important dyes now prepared from coal-tar, and have indi-
cated their modes of manufacture. This table forms no part of my
thesis proper, which is strictly original work, but is offered to show
the present status of the color industry, and to give its salient points.
The list by no means comprises the whole number of dyes which .
have been made, but simply gives the principal ones, and those
which have obtained a permanent place in the commercial world ;
and after all, that is a fair test of the usefulness and intrinsic value
of any product.

Nitro Dyss. Type, R.NO,,.
Naphtol Yellow. HNO, on a-Naphtoltrisulphonie acid, 1 : 2: 4:7.

R.NV
Avzoxy Dyus. ‘Type, |). 50
R.NZ

Curcumine. p-Nitrotoluolsulphonic acid and KOH.

Hyprazonge Dyes. Type, R—NH—NH—R.

Tartrazine. Phenylhydrazinemonosulphonic acid and dioxytar-
taric acid.

Azo Dyzs. Type, R.N=N.R.

Cochineal Scarlet G. Aniline and alphanaphtolsulphonic acid
CAL as:

Ponceau 4GB. Aniline and betanaphtolsulphonic acid, Scheef-
fer’s, 2: 6.

Orange G. Aniline and betanaphtoldisulphonic acid, ‘G”’, 2:6:8.

Chrysoidine. Aniline and phenylenediamine.

Wool Scarlet R. Xylidine and alphanaphtoldisulphonie acid,
Schellkopf’s, 1: 4: 8.

Palatine Scarlet. Metaxylidine and naphtoldisulphonie acid.

Erika B. Dehydrothiometaxylidine and alphanaphtoldisulphonie
acid.

Fast Red A. Naphthionic acid, 1 : 4, and betanaphtol.

Certain New Derivatives in the Aromatic Series. 175

Azo-Rubine S. Naphthionic acid and alphanaphtolsulphonice acid,
Neville and Winther’s, 1 : 4.
Fast Red E. Naphthionic acid and betanaphtolsulphonic acid,
Scheffer’s, 2: 6.
New Coccine. Naphthionic acid and betanaphtoldisulphonic acid,
a. :-6 : 8.
Fast Red D. Naphthionic acid and betanaphtoldisulphonie acid,
eke? 2: 3: 6.
Ponceau 6R. Naphthionic acid and betanaphtoltrisulphonie acid.
Azo-Coccine 7B. Amidoazobenzene and alphanaphtolsulphonic
acid, Neville and Winther’s, 1 : 4.
Brilliant Croceine. Amidoazobenzene and naphtoldisulphonic
pide Ge’, 2: 6: 8.
Croceine 3B. Amidoazotoluol and naphtoldisulphonic acid,
Schellkopf’s, 1:4: 8.
Double Scarlet. Amidoazobenzolsulphonic acid and betanaphtol.
Biebricher Scarlet. Amidoazobenzoldisulphonic acid and beta-
naphtol. .
Ponceau S extra. Amidoazobenzoldisulphonic acid and beta-
naphtoldisulphonic acid, ““R”, 2:3: 6.
Groceine Scarlet 7B. Amidoazotoluolsulphonie acid and beta-
naphtolsulphonic acid, Bayer’s, 2 : 6.
Bordeau G. Amidoazotoluolsulphonie acid and betanaphtolsul-
phonic acid, Scheeffer’s, 2 : 6.
Jet Black R. Amidobenzoldisulphonic-acid-azoalphanaphtyla-
mine and phenylalphanaphtylamine.
Naphtol Black 6B. Alphanaphtylaminedisulphonic-acid-azo-
naphtylamine and betanaphtoldisulphonic acid, ‘‘R”, 2:3: 6.
St. Denis Red. Diamidoazoxytoluol and alphanaphtolsulphonic
acid, Neville and Winther’s, 1: 4.
Chrysophenine. Ethyliring Brilliant Yellow.
Cresotine Yellow. Benzidine and cresotinic acid.
Chrysamine G. Benzidine and salicylic acid.
Diamine Black Rk. Benzidine and amidonaphtolsulphonie acid.
_ Sulfon-Azurine. Benzidinsulfondisulphonic acid and phenyl-
betanaphtylamine.
Delta-purpurine 5B. Tolidine and naphtylaminesulphonice acid.
Brilliant Congo R. Tolidine and naphtylaminesulphonie acids,
fm 2: 3:6, and Bronner’s, 2 : 6.

176 Certain New Derivatives in the Aromatic Series.

Toluylene Orange R. ‘Tolidine and toluylenediaminesulphonie
acid.
Rosazurine G. Tolidine and methylbetanaphtylaminesulphonie
acid.

Benzoazurine G. Dianisidine and alphanaphtolsulphonie acid,
Neville and Winther’s, 1 : 4.

Benzopurpurine 108. Dianisidine and naphthionie acid.

OXYKETONE DYEs.

Alizarine Black S. From dinitronaphtaline.

Alizarine No.1. From anthrachinonemonosulphonie acid.
Alizarine SDG. From anthrachinonedisulphonic acid.
Alizarine RX. From beta-anthrachinonedisulphonie acid.
Alizarine Orange. HNO, on alizarine.

Alizarine Powder 5WS. H,SO, on alizarine.

Alizarine Blue. Glycerine and H,SO, on betanitroalizarine.

D1-PHENYL-METHANE DYEs.

Auramine O. Tetramethyldiamidobenzophenone and AmCl and
ZnCl.

Tri-PHENYL-METHANE DYEs.

Malachite Green. Benzaldehyde and dimethylaniline.
Brilliant Green. Benzaldehyde and diethylaniline.
Magenta. Aniline and toluidine.

Methyl Violet. Dimethylaniline.

Hofmann’s Violet. Action of methyl halogens on Magenta.
Methyl or Cotton Blues. Sulfuriring Triphenyl-p-Rosaniline.
Alkali or Nicholson’s Blue. Sulfuriring Aniline Blue.
Fluoresceine, or Uranine. Phthalic acid anhydride and resorcin
Hosines. Bromiring Fluoresceine.

Erythrosine. Todiring Fluoresceine.

Phloxine. Bromine on tetra-chlor-fluoresceine.

Rose Bengale. Iodine on tetra-chlor-fluoresceine.

Galleine. Phthalic acid anhydride and gallic acid.
Coerulein. Galleine and H,SO,.

Certain New Derivatives in the Aromatic Series. iwi

INDOPHENOLS.

Indophenol. Nitrosodimethylaniline and alpha-naphtol.

OXAZINE AND THIAZINE DYEs.

Gallocyanine. Nitrosodimethylaniline and gallic or tannic acid.

Fast Black. Nitrosodimethylaniline and m-oxydiphenylamine.

Methylene Blue. From p-Amidodimethylaniline and dimethyl-
aniline.

Toluidine Blue. From p-Amidodimethylaniline and o-toluidine.

SAFRANINES.
Safranine. Oxidation of p-Toluylendiamine, Aniline and o-Tolu-
dine.
INDULINES AND NIGROSINES.

Nigrosine. Action of H,SO, on Indulines; latter from amido-
azobenzene heated with aniline.
Paraphenylenblue Rk. Phenylendiamine on amidoazobenzene.

ARTIFICIAL INDIGO.

Indigo Salt. Bisulfite compound of o-nitro-phenyl-lactic acid
methyl-ketone.

CHINOLINE DYEs.

Chinolin Yellow. Chinaldin and phthalic acid anhydride.

ACRIDINE DYEs.

Phosphine. Bye-product in manufacture of Magenta.

TuH10-BENZYL DYEs.

Primuline. p-toluidine heated with S., and sulfuring the pro-
duct.

Dyrs oF UNKNOWN CONSTITUTION.

New Gray. Boiling nitrosodimethylaniline with H,O or C,H,OH.
Aniline Black. Oxidation of aniline with chlorates, chromates
or copper salts.

178 Certain New Derivatives in the Aromatic Series.

Cachou de Laval. Fusing organic substances, as starch, bran,
etc., with Na,S.
Hemolin. Action of NaNO, on logwood.

This list covers the whole territory of the Coal-Tar Colors, and
gives representatives of every class of artificial dyes. I now pass
to the original work. It is a pleasure and a privilege to express
obligations and gratitude to Professors Charles F. Chandler and
Charles E. Colby for their kind encouragement and many favors
extended while this thesis was in the process of construction. The
creditors have been well chosen by their debtor, who only becomes
one of a large number.

THE PROPOSITIONS which this thesis undertakes to estab-
lish are :—

I. That Fluoren is capable of giving derivatives which will com-
pare with the dyes from benzidine, tolidine, and dianisidine.
II. That Leuk-Auramine can be used to give very resistant colors.
III. That Di-Naphtols increase the strength of dyes as they heighten
the molecular weight.
IV. That Chinoline will give reliable colors.
V. That Scheellkopf’s Acid, 1 : 4 : 8, gives, as a rule, colors which
are fast to light.
VI. That Bromine is disadvantageous in the Azo-Group.

The work described in the following pages was undertaken in the
hope of making new derivatives of coal-tar which would rival the
dyes already in commerce. Many now in common use in the prac-
tical world give colors which are fast in some respects, and not
easily to be surpassed in their special qualifications. But there are
no dyes which combine all the desirable qualities. To be perfect a
dye must be able to withstand prolonged exposure in the sunlight,
and further, resist washing with all the ordinary household chemicals.

To give an idea of the state of the field in which the work of this
thesis was done, a brief statement of the best three starting-points
for azo dyes is given here.

CH NE
a. Benzidine, | is used for yellows, blacks, and reds in
GH .N a,
the cases of the dyes—

Certain New Derivatives in the Aromatic Series. 179

Chrysamine G., made with benzidine and salicylic acid.

Diamine Black, benzidine and amido-naphtol-sulphonie acid.

Diamine Fast Red, made from benzidine and amidonaphtolsul-
phonic acid with salicylic acid.

Diamine Red NO, manufactured from ethoxybenzidine and naph-
tylamine sulphonic acid.

Diamine Blue 3R, from ethoxybenzidine and alphaNaphtol-sul-
phonic acid.

C 7H, CELINE.

b. Tolidine, | is used for a number of good colors—

C20, CHEN;

reds, yellows, oranges, and pinks.

Benzopurpurine 4B, made from diazotized tolidine and naph-
thionic acid.

Benzopurpurine B, from tolidine and naphtylamine-sulphonic
acid, 2: 6.

Chrysamine R, from benzidine and salicylic acid.

Toluylene Orange, from tolidine and toluylendiaminsulphonic
acid.

Rosazurine B, from tolidine and methyl-naphtylamine-sulphonic
acid.

c. And there are a number of dyes, blues and reds, made from
dianisidine, which hold a firm place in the commercial world. Di-
CAE OSC HONE
anisidine is, and is used for
CHO CAG NE:

Benzoazurine G, where the dianisidine is diazotized and coupled
with naphtolsulphonic acid, | : 4.
Benzopurpurine 10B, dianisidine and naphthioniec acid, 1 : 4.

From an observation of the constitution of the benzidine, toli-
dine, and dianisidine, it becomes evident that the chemicals which
give the best results must have, first, the amido group; second, as
much the polycyclical construction as possible; and thirdly, should
have the highest possible molecular weight.

I. The first chemical which was taken up in the course of these
researches, as a chemical possessing the desired properties, was

Fluoren, | NOH:

As had been foreseen, fluoren gave several very interesting dyes,
all of which had the properties most sought for in good colors—

180 Certain New Derivatives in the Aromatic Series.

brightness and stability. The results are given in detail in Part
Second of the thesis.
II. Another hold on the subject was suggested to the writer on
noticing the composition of leuk-Auramine,
( CN (CH),
CH <~ NH, :
C,H,—N(CH,),
That this compound was diazotizable was readily seen; and that if
it would link with the naphtols, naphtylamines, and their sulphonie
acids, it would give dyes with the unique characteristic of being
the first dye which had been made where the diphenyl-methane
group was linked with naphtols. Success was attained in the
coupling, and colors were made which possessed many desirable
properties. The detailed work of the experiments are given in the
technical part of the thesis.

III. For increasing the complexity of the molecule, it was deter-
mined to use dinaphtols in lieu of the ordinary naphtols; this in-
creased the molecular weight of the dyes made, and although it is
early to predict marked success, it is to be said that the colors dyed
from the dinaphtols are resisting the action of light to a remarkable
degree.

IV. Chinoline offered another chemical as a proper subject for in-
vestigation, as it had a polycyclical formation, was of considerable
molecular weight, and amido groups could be put into the molecule.

Ly
Le. eS

Ze
Bs ON 97

When changed to a nitro derivative, and then reduced to the
amido form, and subsequently diazotized and coupled with napbtol
or naphtylamine, sulphonic acids, several new compounds with the
desired characteristics were obtained.

V. It had long been noticed by the writer that the Schcellkopf’s
acid, C,,H,.OH(SO,H),, 1: 4:8, gave staunch azo dyes. Those
which are already commercial articles are—

Wool Scarlet R, where xylidine is diazotized and linked with the
Scheellkopf’s acid.

Croceine 3B, which uses amido-azo-toluol.

Certain New Derivatives in the Aromatic Series. 181

'

Bordeau G, in which instance amidoazotoluolmonosulphonie acid
is used.

In part II of this thesis three new dyes are described which have
been made from the Schellkopf’s acid by different amido derivatives.

VI. In proving that bromine was not advantageous, the work
simply resolved itself to the making of a series of well-known dyes,
and then making dyes of precisely similar character, starting with
chemicals into which bromine had been introduced. Three atoms
of bromine were used in all the cases. The results show that
bromine throws the hue of a dye toward the orange in the case of
the azo dyes. In the case of eosines, bromine is essential to the
formation of the color; here it turns the shade away from the
desired clear red. The manner in which the work was done is
shown in the practical work of the thesis.

A considerable number of other researches were made in the
course of the year, and some of them gave very interesting results,
and will lead to further work. But it has been decided not to
incorporate them in this thesis, as the main points which the thesis
attempts to prove are decided by the results obtained in the work
already outlined, and given in detail in the latter part of the work.
It may be as well to mention some on this additional work; chrys-
aniline when diazotized and linked with alphanaphtol gave a dark
purple (sample No. 9), and when coupled with the ‘‘G” salt, beta-
naphtol-disulphonic acid, 2: 6:8, a bright red dye (sample No. 10).

Chrysaniline is,

WyeX yi NX aN

NA

NE,
Benzoflavine, the isomer of Chrysaniline, gave results which were
not uninteresting. With alpha-naphtol it gave a crimson (sample

182 Certain New Derivatives in the Aromatic Series.

No. 11); with beta-naphtol also a crimson (sample No. 12). Naph-
tylamine-sulphonic acids generally gave reds. Benzoflavine is—

Vp ERLE
NH,” Ne we \NH,

Amidoazobenzene has been studied a great deal, but the writer
has been able to get new derivatives from it. The dyes now known
are Sudan III; Azo-Coccine 7B; Crocein B; Brilliant Crocein ;
Ponceau SS; and Ponceau 5R. The author diazotized in the
usual manner, and made four different browns or drabs, and one
red, the last being made with the union of the diazotized amido-
azobenzene with the Bayer’s acid, 2: 7, and it was found to have
the formula, C.H.-N—N:‘C. HN —= NC Be(S 0) Na) ane

Ortho-Anisidine, C,H,(1)O.CH,.(2)NH,, has been used since
1878, when it was applied in the formation of Anisol Red, some-
times called Anisidine Ponceau. Azo Kosine is another derivative
from the ortho-anisidine. But para-Anisidine seems not to have
been used. Three new dyes were made, one a pink, by the appli-
cation of Scheellkopf’s acid,

Crt (O:C EH,
(N= N—C_ Gor
(SO,Na),. Specimen No. 13.

The second an orange with Dahl’s acid,
CH) 0. CH,
(4)N = N—C,,H,.NH,.SO,Na.,2:5. Specimen No. 14.

The third a Bordeau with beta-naphtol,
CH GjG:CH, 1
(4)N = N—C,,H,(b)OH. Specimen No. 15.

Certain New Derivatives in the Aromatic Series. 183

PART IIL

PRACTICAL WORK ON. THE NEW DERIVATIVES,

I. The use of the three compounds, benzidine, tolidine, and anis-
idine, suggested the thought, that if other compounds of similar
character—that is, bearing amido groups, possessing if possible a
polyeyclical structure, and of high molecular weight—were to be
applied, perhaps dyes would result which would be as good or
better.

Fluoren, therefore, was taken in hand. It has the formula,

Fluoren has never been developed, probably on account of its
high price. But in the coal-tar industry, the price of a chemical is
never an obstacle which stands in the way of its application in a
color for a very long time, as-means are eventually found for the
more economical manufacture of the desired compound. As, for
instance, the alizarine industry, where the anthrachinone was only
a chemical curio in museums until its presence in enormous quanti-
ties was wanted, when it became as reasonable in cost as could be
expected.

Fluoren, or diphenyl-methane, is found in coal-tar, and can be
synthesised by passing diphenyl through hot tubes; or by the dis-
tillation of diphenyl-ketone with zine dust; or treating diphenyl-
ketone with phosphorous and hydriodie acid; and also by distilla-
tion of phenanthrachinone with lime.

Fluoren is changed to dinitro-fluoren by adding it to a mixture
of equal parts of nitric and glacial acetic acids. The fluoren which
was unconverted was separated from the dinitrofluoren by washing
with hot aleohol; then it was crystallized from glacial acetic acid.
Fluoren has a melting-point of 112; the dinitro-derivative melts at
199-201.

This dinitro-fluoren was changed to the diamido derivative by
the addition of tin to the acid solution. The formula of the diamido
fluoren is,

GENOME) A +
Awnnats N. Y. Acap. Scr., VIII, April, 1894.—13

184 Certain New Derivatives in the Aromatic Series.

On diazotizing two kilos of this with seven hundred grammes
of sodic nitrite and twelve hundred grammes of hydrochloric acid
of twenty Baumé, the diazotized compound will link with different
naphtols, naphtylamines, and their sulphonic acids, to give the re-
sults herewith appended.

beta-Naphtylamine, . : . . Brown.
beta and gamma naphtylamine, ; . Red, Sample No. 6.
Neville and Winther’s, Naphtol-sul-

phonic, 1: 4, : : : : . Red.
Scheeffer’s acid, naphtol-sulphonic, 2:6, . Purple.
alpha-Naphtol, : : : . Orange, Sample No. 7
beta-Naphtol, . ; : : . Rose, Sample No. 8.

The reaction is facilitated by stirring, and by heating the liquid
to about 80 degrees Centigrade. The dye is precipitated by the
addition of sodic acetate and common salt; then it is pressed, dried,
and analysed.

The dyes produced by the union of the diazotized diamido-fluoren
and the different naphtylamine sulphonic acids, are all reds, soluble
easily in water with a yellowish-red coloration; with hydrochloric
acid they turn to a pink, if the acid is fully concentrated; with
concentrated sulphuric acid the dyes dissolve, and give a violet
similar in hue to the Hofmann’s violet; with alkalies a yellow pre-
cipitate is produced.

It was desired to find out whether the diazotization effected both
the amido groups, or only one. Whether the formula of the new
coloring matter, in the case, for instance, of beta-Naphtol, was

C,H,(N : NC,,H,-OH(beta).) C2H, CN »NC;,H,;.OM(beta)y

Sls), or |—CH,

CE CNEL) C,H,(N : NC,,H,.OH (beta) )

Analysis showed that both amido groups were diazotized and
were linked,

Il. The second line of work was begun with the diphenyl-methane

‘compound, Auramine, which has the formula,

CBN CH),
CH NH
(C,H,—N(CH,),.HCl.

Auramine O should be used, for Auramine I or II is not pure.

Certain New Derivatives in the Aromatic Series. 185

This can be reduced by the action of sodium-amalgam, or indeed
any reducing agent, to the form of Leuk-Auramine,
(Re Als Pee qi.
CH.
te, H,—N(CH,),

If three kilos of the Auramine has been taken in the beginning
of the operations, seven hundred grammes of sodic nitrite should
be emploved in the diazotization, with twelve hundred grammes of
hydrochloric acid of twenty Baumé. The reaction is complete in
the course of half an hour, when the coupling is proceeded with.
It should be noted that it is not necessary in this reaction to isolate
the diamido product in the dry or solid state; the coupling with
the desired naphtol can be effected just as well in the same solution
where the reduction has taken place. In the instance of naphtyl-
amine-sulphonie acid, 3.22 kilos are taken. Coupling is facilitated
by stirring and by heating the liquid to about eighty degrees Centi-
grade. The dye is precipitated by the addition of sodic acetate and
common salt. Then it is filtered out, pressed, dried, and analysed.
In the case of naphtylamine-sulphonic acid, the dye is proved to
have the constitution,

hee Gar, ys
CH 4 N———N—C,,H,.NH,.80,Na.
(C,H, _N(CH,),

Other compounds can be linked, as is shown in the table which
is appended.

Naphtylamine-sulphonic acid, Browner's , 25 62 Red.
Naphtylamine-sulphonic acid, Dahl’s, 2:5, Red, Sample No. 22.
Naphtylamine-sulphonic acid, Bayer’s, 2:7, Brown.
Naphtylamine-sulphonic acid, mixture of

2and 5, . : 3 : . Red, Sample No. 23
alpha-Naphtol, . ; . Orange.
Naphtol-sulphonic acid, N. ia W., i . Kose.
Naphtol-sulphonic acid, Schveffer’s, 2 : ie . Brown.
Naphtol-disulphonic acid, 2: 6:8, “GG”, . Orange, bright.
Naphtol-disulphonic acid, 2: 3:6, “R”, . Orange, dull.

III. The third line of working, employed in the thesis commenced
with the naphtols, and employed the di-naphtols, as they have a
higher molecular weight.

The naphtols, both alpha and beta, are used in the manufacture

186 Certain New Derivatives in the Aromatic Series.

of many dyes, and the most important can be so readily seen in the
table given below, that they are not further specified here.
Di-naphtols are made by heating naphtols with water, and then
cooling; then the liquid is filtered, and to the filtrate ferric chloride
is added until the violet color will not increase in intensity. Filter,
dry, and recrystallize.
The reaction runs in accordance with the following equation,

2C,,H..OH + 2FeCl, = C,,H,,(OH), + 2HCI + 2FeCl,.

a-Naphtol. a-di-Naphtol. b-Naphtol. b-di-Naphtol.

Aniline, New red, Black-violet, Sudan TI, Orange.
p-Nitraniline, Rose, Violet, Ingrain red, ne
p-Toluidine, Bordeau, Rose, Brick red, Yellow.
Xylidine, Black-brown, Bordeau, No. 24, Sudan IT, Orange.
Amidoazobenzol, Black-violet, Violet, Sudan III, Rose.
Sulphanilic, Naphtol orange, Good red, se o6 Red.
a-Naphtylamine, Sudan brown, Black, eats

b-Naphtylamine, Sc ate Carmin naphtha,

Naphthionic, Naphtylam. brown, Violet-black, Fast red A, Brown-red,
No. 25, No. 26.

Bronner’s, Fast brown 3B, Red, Double brilliant Rose.

Scarlet,
Italicized names are old dyes.

IV. Chinoline, with its bi-cyclical constitution, gave a sugges-
tion for another line of work which it was hoped would terminate

successfully.
la EY a
Te RL Tbr Ho.
|

|
ox Ye
Be SN

Chinoline is found in coal-tar, and is also made artificially by
heating in a return condenser a mixture of nitrobenzene, aniline,
glycerine, and sulphuric acid.

The manner of working with the chinoline was as follows: First,
it was nitrated by allowing a solution of chinoline in nitric acid to
run into a mixture of nitric and sulphuric acids; this nitrochino-
line was reduced to the amido-chinoline, and the amido compound
diazotized in the usual way, and then coupled with sulphonic acid
salts of naphtylamines and naphtols. The most interesting results
were the following :—

Certain New Derivatives in the Aromatic Series. 187

When coupled with equal molecules of Dahl’s acid, naphtylamine-
sulphonic acid, 2: 5, a red dye was produced. Specimen is annexed,
labelled No. 16.

When combined with Neville and Winther’s acid, naphtol-sul-
phonic acid, 1 : 4, a crimson dye was made. Specimen No. 17.

When coupled with the technical mixture of beta and gamma
naphtylaminesulphonie acids, a brown-red was produced. Speci-
men No. 18.

All the dyes, No. 16, No. 17, No. 18, are precipitated by the addi-
tion of common salt, then filtered out and dried.

V. The fact that Schellkopf’s acid, alphaNaphtoldisulphonic
acid, 1: 4: 8, gave nearly, if not quite, the fastest of the colors

of the Azo Group, was proved by a series of experiments for
other dyes. Bronner’s acid, or naphtylamine-sulphonic acid, 2 : 6,
was worked upon for new derivatives, and although it has been
used with a-Naphtol for Fast Brown 3B; and with beta-Naphtol
for Double Brilliant Scarlet; and with Neville and Winther’s acid,
_ naphtol-sulphonic acid, 1 : 4, for Double Scarlet Extra; yet it was
found that other combinations were feasible, and that among half a
dozen other new derivatives, the best was that obtained when the
Scheellkopf’s was used. There a red was given which was very fast
to the action of sunlight. Analysis proves the constitution to be—

SO,H
C,H, : (O
Teg ea H
(x = aed ((SO,H),.
‘Theory. Found.

Carbon, . : . 44.6 per cent 44.4 per cent.
Hydrogen, ; ee ones ys ee
Oxygen, . : Sp DOr SS 29.4 ‘
Nitrogen, . , agree A oO aa

LaF

188 Certain New Derivatives in the Aromatic Series.

Of course, the dye when used is used in the form of its sodium
salt. The specimen attached is numbered No. 1.

The next step in the research was the examination of Dahl’s acid,
betanaphtylamine-sulphonie acid, C,,H,NH,(2)SO,H(5). Dahl’s is
already used for some of the dyes in commerce at the present time.
One of these is made by the linking of the diazotized Dahl’s acid
with Neville and Winther’s acid, naphtolsulphonie acid, 1 : 4, for
Pyrotin RRO. Several new dyes were brought out of this Dahl’s
acid: beta-Naphtol gave a red;° naphtol-disulphonie acid, ‘ @”,
2:6: 8, gave an orange; its isomeric modification “ R”, 2:3: 6,
gave a red; and then the Scheellkopf’s, 1 : 4: 8, gave the red which
was the most resistant. This again pointed to the Schellkopf’s
acid, as the most satisfactory to use, if fastness to light was desired.
The compound produced by the Dahl’s and Scheellkopf’s had the
proved constitution, C,,H,(SO,Na)N — N—C,,H,(SO,Na),.OH. A
sample numbered No. 34 is annexed.

The writer took up next Naphthionic acid. And it gave some
new derivatives, but again the Schellkopf’s acid was the best color
from the standpoint of the solidity to the action of the sunlight.
The sample of Naphthionic and Schellkopf is numbered No. 4.

All this seemed to indicate that the Schellkopf’s acid had some
very strong staying powers against light, and the Schellkopf acid
itself next became the object of investigation.

The Scheellkopf’s acid has already been used for several dyes,
patented by the Schellkopf Aniline and Chemical Co., of Buffalo,
N.Y. They are Wool-Scarlet R, where diazotized xylidine is used
with the Schellkopf’s acid; Buffalo Rubin, in which alpha-naphtyl-
amine is applied; Croceine B, which is made from diazotized
amido-benzene; and Crocein 3B, where amido-azo-toluol is utilized.

The experiments which had been made seemed to lead directly to
the inference that when any naphtylamine-sulphonic acid was used
with the Schellkopf acid, a dye would result which would be fast
to every common reagent. All the obtainable naphtylamine sul-
phonic acids were tried, and the results are appended. The weights
used and the method is given here; the statement is for all the
naphtylamine-sulphonic acids. Any naphtylamine-sulphonie acid,
of the general formula, C,,H,.NH,.SO,H, was taken, and 23.2 kilos.
were weighed, dissolved in water, and diazotized with 7 kilos. of
sodie nitrite and 12 kilos. of hydrochloric acid of twenty Baumé;
then 25.4 kilos. of the Scheellkopf’s acid, which had been previously

Certain New Derivatives in the Aromatic Series. 189

dissolved in water rendered alkaline by the addition of enough sodic
hydrate to effect a solution, was added when the dye was immediately
formed. The reaction could be facilitated by stirring, and by warm-
ing the solution to about eighty degrees C. The dye was salted
out in the usual manner, filtered, pressed, dried, and analysed. All
the dyes have the same elementary composition, and analysis gives
the formula—
Cee sO HEN. = N-C on OH SOJ8 SO 5H.
1 4 8

The dyes are reddish powders, readily soluble in water. Hydro-
cbloric acid, even concentrated, produces no perceptible change in
the color on the fibre; concentrated sulphuric acid on the dry
powder shows a change to a pink of an eosine shade; the dyes are
insoluble, as a rule, in alcohol, and are exceedingly fast to the action
of sunlight.

The naphtylamine sulphonic acids which can be used are—

Alpha-Naphtylamine-sulphonic acid, 1 : 2, patent No. 56,563,

NEL,
VEX RQ
Ee Ge FEN cry

| 3

nt cn Se
4 ea

Cleve’s alpha-Naphtylamine-sulphonie acid, 1 : 3,
NEG

Vay da
VES oy eN

ot Nohara
Sie.

Naphthionie acid, 1 : 4,

190 Certain New Derivatives in the Aromatic Series.

Alpha-Naphtylamine-sulphonic acid, 1 : 5,
NH,

7 NAS
LO EN RITES.

AS Cea
ee SS
SO,H
Alpha-Naphtylamine-sulphonic acid, 1:6. Bul. Soc. Chim. 26;
447,

Alpha-Naphtylamine-sulphonic acid, 1: 7. Ber. xxi, 3264,
NH,
ve phere
SO,H: “ :
|
| |
Gi | 7
Re oe A
Beta-Naphtylamine-sulphonice acid, 2 : 5, the so-called Dahl’s acid,

7 ee
A is.

SG a awe
SS
SO,H

Beta-Naphtylamine-sulphonie acid, 2: 6, the so-called Bronner’s
acid,

a
Ze
SO,H

bc heme
Se, A

Certain New Derivatives in the Aromatic Series. 191

The compound which appeals most strongly to the practical color-
ist was the derivative obtained when Bronner’s and the Schellkopf
acid were joined. This dye was a red which had very remarkable
powers of sustaining the prolonged action of the acids used in
bleacheries; this gives the dye a commercial value which is not
small; further, the dye was very resistant when exposed to the
sunlight.

Action of Bromine on the Dyes of the Azo Group.

VI. This group of experiments was carried out with the desire
of proving whether the presence of bromine in the dyes of the Azo
Group was detrimental or not. The halogens are essential in the
production of certain colors, namely, bromine in the production of
Eosine from Fluoresceine, and Phloxine from di-chlor-fluoresceine ;
iodine in changing Fluoresceine to Erythrosine; and the di-chlor-
fluoresceine to Rose Bengale. In general the results of the trials
seem to indicate that bromine alters the color to the orange side of
the red, and gives, as a rule, an undesirable hue.

The writer here wishes to express his sense of the many obliga-
tions he is under to Professor C. Loring Jackson, without whose
encouragement and counsel the experiments would not have reached
a successful termination.

The experiments resolved themselves into the making of a series
of chemically pure dyes, and then constructing analogous dyes,
which carried bromine in the molecule.

The first dye manufactured was Sudan I, and the corresponding
dye which was made with bromine was,

C,H,Br,.N = N—C,,H,.OH.

The two colors have the same formule, with the exception that
one holds the three atoms of bromine. The dyes are readily made;
in the case of the Sudan I, aniline is diazotized in the usual manner
with sodic nitrite in an acid solution, and coupled with naphtol.
For the bromated compound, tri-brom-aniline was made by draw-
ing vapors of bromine through an acidulated solution of aniline
hydrochloride, and the precipitated tri-brom-aniline was filtered off,
washed, and dried. After diazotization, it was coupled with naphtol,
and the dye immediately resulted. The colors are red and orange-
red.

192 Certain New Derivatives in the Aromatic Series.

When resorcine was utilized, dyes were made of the formule,
C.HN = N.C.H.( OB); “and (C,H.Br,.N = N.C (Ole

or written to show graphic constitution,

Br OH
eae ya’
Bt any = Nees x
ard Xe poe
DSA

Another proof was furnished by these two dyes that the bromine
was a detriment to clear colors, for the dye with the bromine in its
make-up was thrown towards the orange hue again.

Another derivative which would show the difference between
dyes holding bromine and those with no bromine in the constitu-
tion was the color made when diazotized aniline or tri-brom-aniline
respectively, were treated with Neville and Winther’s acid, alpha-
naphtol-mono-sulphonie acid, 1 : 4. The bromine-holding dye gave
the constitutional formula,

Br OH
mS UN
NO an wee SX
Bi . os N= N |
Nel
! Naa
SO,Na

The commercial name of the dye without bromine is Tropaolin.

Dyes with the hydroxyl] in the beta position were made with and
also without bromine. These are the analogue of Crocein Orange
or Ponceau 4GB. The formula of the bromated compound is,
(OH(2)

({SO,Na(6)’

Further details do not seem to be requisite. The comparison
of the two dyes, when purified and dyed on wool, show that the
bromine flattens the shade.

The isomeric beta-Naphtol-di-sulphonic acids, ““R” and “G”,
were the next naphtol sulphonic acids which were utilized with the
wish of giving another proof of the possibilities of bromine in the

C,H,Br,.N = N.C,,H,.

Certain New Derivatives in the Aromatic Series. 193

molecule. The bromine-holding dyes had the following constitu-
tion :—-

sé R”
Br
ie aie RS
Br =e Ne ef Son
NY SONa A _}80,Na
a ee
7; G”
Bi SO,Na
AOS Ve aunt ae
Bré aN N= TS ate NOH
x |
BreBeie SON Qe
WGA Wee ee

The dyes, when compared with their commercial relatives, Pon-
ceau 2G and Orange G extra, have distinctly more orange hues.

Many other dyes were made, but it is deemed unnecessary to
multiply instances. Some of this additional work may be men-
tioned however; when the diazotized tri-brom-aniline was linked
with alpha-naphtol a brown-red was made; alpha-naphtylamine
gave a red; beta-naphtylamine a brick-red; Bronner’s gave a
black-red; Dahl’s a crimson; tri-sulphonic acid of naphtol a bright
red, very soluble in water.

Scuoon or Mryes, CotumBiA CoLLeGE, March 15, 1894.

VII.—A Classification of Lepidopterous Larve.

BY HARRISON G. DYAR, S. B.

Read March 19, 1894.

In a recent paper’ Professor J. H. Comstock has proposed a new
classification of the Lepidoptera based on the methods of uniting
the fore and hind wings, and on the modifications of the wing veins.
It has occurred to me to review, in a general way, the arrangement
and external structure of the setiferous tubercles of the larvee of the
Lepidoptera, to see how a classification based upon these structures
would compare with this new classification. For, if the new classi-
fication is a natural one, it should be corroborated by a study of
any set of organs, as Prof. Comstock points out; and it would seem
that the tubercles of the larve are sufficiently different from the
wing veins of the adult to make the test severe.

It is to be noted that the larve of the Lepidoptera, on the whole,
live an exposed life, where they are subject to be preyed upon by
enemies of various kinds, many of which use the sense of sight to
find their victims. Therefore, it is not surprising to find these
insects modified in all sorts of ways for concealment or defence,
not only in color but in structure as well.? And the setiferous
tubercles are among the most frequently modified structural ele-
ments. Moreover, this modification takes place, in part, indepen-
dently of any corresponding change in the adult insect. - And it
may even be reasonable to suppose that where the larva is highly
modified, we should find the adult in a generalized condition. This
would result from the consideration that it might be advantageous
to the insects in question to shorten the length of adult life and
lengthen that of the well-adapted larva. So, if the adults had but
a short time to live, it would be unimportant that specialization
should take place. Hence it is not improbable that a classification

1 Evolution and Taxonomy, Wilder Quarter Century Book, pp. 37-113.
2 See E. B. Poulton’s ‘‘ Colors of Animals.’’

Annas N. Y. Acap. Sci., VIII, May, 1894.

A Classification of Lepidopterous Larve. 195

based on the larval tubercles might differ in important respects from
one based on the adult insect. That this is not the case in the
present instance for the major groups, shows that the classification
proposed by Prof. Comstock is the nearest to a natural one that we
have yet had. That it is frequently the case in the minor groups,
illustrates the principle to which I have just referred. It is, more-
over, a fact, that we see the greatest amount of modification in those
larve which live the most exposed life, and whose period of larval
existence is the most extended. Some of these cases will be speci-
ally alluded to.

GENERAL EXTERNAL STRUCTURE OF LEPIDOPTEROUS LARV.

The body of the lepidopterous larva is divided into thirteen seg-
ments, three thoracic and ten abdominal.’ The last two abdominal
segments are closely united in most of the higher families, so to
appear as one. On each of the third to sixth and tenth abdominal
segments are a pair of fleshy legs, furnished with prehensile hooks.
In special cases, certain of these legs are absent or modified for other
uses; or, much more rarely, the three pair of jointed, chitinous,
thoracic legs may be wanting. On each segment (when not too
highly specialized) are certain, small, chitinous tubercles, arranged
in a definite manner, each bearing a bristle or seta. The arrange-
ment and modification of these tubercles is the subject of this paper.
On the thoracic segments, the arrangement is different from that
on the abdominal ones. For simplicity, we will confine attention
principally to the latter, and to those segments of them which bear
feet.

Since all lepidopterous larve periodically cast their skins (vary-
ing from three to ten times in different species) before the final molt
to acquire the pupa stage, and since the external structure is not the
same in each larval stage, it is necessary to consider at what stage
the larval tubercles are to be compared. There are two types
among the more highly specialized larve. In the first, represented
by the Saturniide and Notodontide, the arrangement of tubercles

1 Dr. A. T. Bruce remarks in the case of the embryonic Thyridopteryx ephe-
mereformis: ‘It is questionable whether the terminal portion of the abdomen
which forms the so-called eleventh abdominal somite is to be regarded as a
true somite or not. It has no ganglion corresponding to it, and is formed... .
by the dorsal flexure of the posterior end of the embryo. ...’’ (Observa-
tions on the embryology of insects and arachnids, p. 9, 1887.)

196 A Classification of Lepidopterous Larve.

is the same in all stages. These larve rarely have more than five
stages. In the second, represented by the Arctiide and Lymantri-
ide, and by many Butterflies, the first larval stage is remarkably
different from the following ones. In these embryonic larve, which
have not passed a moult since leaving the egg, we find a generalized
condition of the tubercles and sete. I have concluded not to con-
sider the larve in their first stage for this reason, the more so as it
is doubtful if the character of the presence or absence of this gener-
alized first stage has any special phylogenetic significance. It would
seem, rather, to depend upon the necessity of shortening the larval
stages, or upon the condition of the environment of the individual,
which rendered it necessary for the little larva to come into active
existence fully armed, as is the case with the newly hatched larve
of Heterocampa and Cerura among the Notodontide or with the
Sphingide. Others, with less necessity for an active struggle in
very early life, have retained the primitive or generalized condition
till the first molt.

THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE TUBERCLES.

There are two types of arrangement. The first, which is by far
the more generalized, consists (considering only the abdominal seg-
ments) of five tubercles above the spiracle on each side, three in a
transverse row about the middle of the segment and two behind;
below the spiracle are two oblique rows, containing, respectively,
two and four tubercles. This type is found in Hepialus, and is
probably typical of the larve of the moths in Prof. Comstock’s first
suborder, the Jugate."

The second type contains two dissimilar lines of modification of
the first type; but, as they agree in number of tubercles and in
other characters, I will consider them together. The fundamental
arrangement of the tubercles is as follows: On each side above the
spiracle three tubercles; below, or behind the spiracle and above the
base of the leg, three more; on the base of the leg three (or four)
on the outside and one on the inside near the midventral line.
These I propose to designate thus, counting from the dorsal line
down the side: Tubercles i, ii, iii above the spiracle, iv, v, vi below
it; the group of three on the outside of the leg as vii, and the single

)
one on the inside of the leg as viii. Tubercles vii and viii are present

1 T have not had Micropteryx for examination.

A Classification of Lepidopterous Larve. 197

also on the legless abdominal segments (viz., segments 1, 2, 7, 8,
and 9 of the abdomen) in the corresponding position. On the last
two segments (segments 9 and 10) the number of tubercles is always
less than the fundamental number, even in generalized larve. This
is due to the fact that these segments have been partly aborted,
being without spiracles. The reduction of segment 9 has taken
place on the anterior portion, while segment 10 has lost the lateral
part.’

PHYLOGENY OF THE TUBERCLES.

In comparing the larve of other orders of insects with the Lepi-
doptera, we find but few which throw any light on the origin of the
present arrangement of the tubercles. The Phryganide, the imagos
of which seem to suggest an affinity with the Lepidoptera, have
larvee without any tubercles, and also without any abdominal feet.
They have, however, a dorsal shield on the mesothoracic segment,
as well as on the prothoracic segment, a fact which is very interest-
ing in connection with the structure of the Hepialide and Psychide.

In the larve of the phytophagous Hymenoptera (Tenthredinide)
we find well-developed setiferous tubercles, apparently in a more
generalized condition than in any Lepidoptera. They have the fol-
lowing arrangement (see Fig. 1): Above the spiracle nine tubercles

Fic. 1.—Diagram of a segment of a species of Tenthredinide (Hylotoma McLeayi).
Fie, 2.—A segment of Hepialus lupinulus (from a drawing by Mrs. P. N. Knopf).

in a square, three on each of the fundamental subsegments or annu-
lets. Below the spiracle is the substigmatal ridge, divided into two
oblique portions, each thickly covered with setiferous tubercles.
We may homologize these with the Lepidoptera as follows: In
the Jugate (see Fig. 2) the three tubercles of the middle annulet

1 Tn the generalized Pyralid Pantographa limata G. & R., tubercles i and iii
are lacking on segment 9, tubercles iv, v, and vi on segment 10.

198 A Classification of Lepidopterous Larve.

are all present, and the upper and lower of the posterior annulet
the two substigmatal tubercles may represent the substigmatal
ridge of the Tenthredinide. The others have no homologue in
these Hymenoptera.

In the Frenate we have the same arrangement still further
reduced. But here appears an important difference to which I
have alluded above. In the Psychide the three tubercles are
retained on the middle annulet, while both are lost on the poste-
rior one (see Fig. 3); the substigmatal tubercles are retained and
approximated; the anterior one of the four on base of the leg seems
to have been moved up, forming tubercle vi, which is thus anterior.
In the other type, which includes all the other families of the

Fig. 3.—Segment of an undescribed Psychid larva from New Mexico. :

Fie. 4.—Segment of Margarodia quadristigmalis (from figure in Insect Life, vol. I, p. 24,
with addition of set).

Fie. 5.—Arctian type of tubercles (diagram).

Frenatez, the middle tubercle of the three on the middle annulet is
lost, but the upper on the posterior annulet is retained; the two
below the spiracle are retained also, as in the Psychide; but they
are either approximated (see Fig. 4) or separated (see Fig. 5), giving
us characters for the next subdivision. Of the four tubercles above
the base of leg, the postertor one is moved up, forming tubercle vi.
These two types must represent dichotomous lines of descent. If
this is true, the Psychide should be separated from the other
Frenate as a great group, equal in rank to all that follow.’

1 This can be done, in most cases, also by characters of venation; viz., the
permanent cross vein in the Psychide between veins viii and ix on primaries,
which exists also in the Hepialide, and to which more classificatory import-
ance can be attached than has been done by Prof. Comstock.

A Classification of Lepidopterous Larve. 199

MOoDIFICATION OF THE TUBERCLES.

The primitive form of tubercle consists of a little chitinous button
on the skin bearing a single long hair. It is found in the less spe-
cialized families of all the groups discussed above, and exclusively
in the Jugate and in the Psychide. When this form is present,
there are, in general, no other hairs on the body.

The Frenate, exclusive of the Psychide, may be divided into
groups on the character of the tendency to coalescence or separa-
tion of tubercles iv and v, as I have remarked above. The first
group corresponds to Prof. Comstock’s division of ‘‘ Microfrenate”’
and ‘‘ Generalized Frenulum Conservers,”’ plus one family each from
his Zygznina and Saturnina.! The second group corresponds to his
“Specialized Frenulum Conservers” and ‘ Frenulum Losers” with
the exceptions just noted. If we shift the order of Prof. Comstock’s
characters, and disregard the two exceptions, we may say that the
first group corresponds to the Generalized Frenate, the second to
the Specialized Frenatze. Now, in the lower families of these two
groups, we have the primitive form of tubercles, as already stated.
In the higher families of both groups we have at first a parallel line
of modification, which consists in the tubercles becoming enlarged
and many haired. Each hair arises from its own minute tubercle,
and the whole are borne upon an enlarged base or wart.2 The
arrangement of the warts is, at first, strictly that of the primitive
tubercles, and they correspond in number and equality of develop-
ment. The next step is a reduction in the number of tubercles, by
unequal development and final obliteration of certain ones. In the
higher Generalized Frenatz, tubercle iv has disappeared by coales-
cence with v, and in the higher Specialized Frenate it becomes

1 Prof. Comstock informs me in correspondence that he has somewhat
changed his views in regard to these two latter superfamilies, so that he will
place them more in accordance with my own view, derived from stndies on
the larve. I omit reference to the Sesiide, which Prof. Comstock places
among the specialized frenulum conservers, as he states in the text of ‘* Evo-
lution and Taxonomy,’’ that they probably belong with the Microfrenate, a
conclusion which is abundantly justified by larval characters.

2 It is a striking fact that we do not find a series of intergrading forms
between the single-haired tubercle and the many-haired wart, though both
may occur in different genera of the same family. This can be understood on
the principle of discontinuous variation which is insisted upon by Bateson
(‘‘ Materials for the study of variation’).

Annas N. Y. Acap. Scr., VIII, May, 1894.—14

200 A Classification of Lepidopterous Larve.

smaller till it disappears, as may be seen in certain genera of the
Lymantriide. This obliterates the fundamental distinction that I
have drawn between these groups. The distinction is still equally
good theoretically; but it fails in practice. For this reason I have
been in doubt about the position of the Pyromorphide, Megalo-
pygide (= Lagoidx), and Eucleidee (= Limacodide), and I have
been obliged to give weight to the characters of the moths in locat-
ing these families. It is to be noted that the characters drawn from
the tubercles do not contradict the position which I have assigned
to these families, and I believe that I have correctly pointed out
the reason why the character of the tubercles fails.

Several lines may now be taken by the increasing specialization
The tubercles may entirely disappear, either leaving the skin smooth,
or the whole body covered with pile or soft hair. The bases of the
tubercles may persist and be produced into fleshy processes, often
of great length, while the sete become aborted as we see in certain
Nymphalide and Papilionide; or the sete may remain, and, becom-
ing glandular,’ secrete a poisonous, urticating fluid as in the Mega-
lopygide and Eucleide. Again, we may have the hairs greatly
complicated, developed into brushes, tufts, and plumes, or finely
feathered at the tips as in the higher Arctiide, the Lymantriide,
and EKuchromiide (= Zygznide of Kirby’s catalogue).

Perhaps the highest degree of modification exists in certain forms
in which the tubercles are partly retained, but tubercle i of each
side, approaching the dorsal line, has become consolidated with its
fellow of the opposite side, producing a row of dorsal tubercles ap-
parently unpaired. This seems to have taken place in two separate
lines of descent, and in a manner not quite parallel in the two. In
the first, namely that of the Saturnina (except the Lacosomide)
and the Sphingide, we have tubercles i consolidated dorsally on
abdominal segment 8, while ii are similarly consolidated on seg-
ment 9, tubercle i being absent on the other segments. In the
second line, which consists of a part of the Nymphalidex, tubercle i
is retained on all the segments, and we have a row of single dorsal
tubercles on abdominal segments 1 to 8 inclusive, without indication
of a consolidation of ii on the 9th segment.” In both these groups,
a further modification of the tubercles is undergone, in that the

1 Perhaps the primitive seta is glandular. See Dr. A. 8. Packard’s many
papers on the glandular set of young larve.
2 In some species, as Heliconia charitonia and Argynnis diana, this now is absent

A Classification of Lepidopterous Larve. 201

base is prolonged and chitinized, thus converting the tubercles into
large branching processes, each branch tipped with a hair. In the
Sphingide it appears that all the tubercles have disappeared except
the dorsal one on the 8th segment, which forms the well-known
‘‘caudal horn.”’ In some of the Saturnina, we have the sete modi-
fied into urticating spines as in the case of the Eucleide. This
similarity does not imply relationship as Dr. A. 8. Packard seems
to believe,’ since we have only a similarity in function, while the
structure of the bases of the tubercles is essentially different.

ON THE MATERIAL USED.

In the latest list of North American Lepidoptera’ there are
enumerated sixty-three families, eliminating a few which have
since been united with others. I have found it impossible to
obtain the necessary material to make observations on all of these.
Kspecially in the group Tineina, which contains nineteen families,
my material has been very scant. I have not been able to avail
myself of the numerous descriptions of lepidopterous larve scat-
tered in various journals, and only to a small extent of published
figures, since the former have been drawn up without any reference
to the arrangement of the tubercles, while the latter are (with a few
notable exceptions), either without accuracy or drawn in such posi-
tions that it is impossible to determine the arrangement of these
structures. I have not considered families which occur exclusively
outside of North America, on account of the total lack of material.

I am indebted especially to Professor J. H. Comstock for. many
alcoholic specimens, and to Dr. A. 8S. Packard for the loan of several
which I would not otherwise have seen.

Tue CLASSIFICATION OF THE LEPIDOPTERA.

Before proceeding to a detailed description of the tubercles of the
various species which I have examined, a few general remarks are
in order. I have already indicated how well the present classifica-
tion drawn from the characters of the tubercles of the larva corre-
sponds with Prof. Comstock’s classification from the venation of
the adult. The essential feature in which this classification differs

1 See Journal N. Y. Entomol. Soce., vol. I, p. 9.
2 List Lep. Boreal Amer., J. B. Smith, 1891. _

202 A Classification of Lepidopterous Larve.

from all heretofore proposed, namely, the division into Jugate and
Frenate is abundantly sustained.’ The divisions of the Frenate are
not strictly sustained ; but the general idea holds good, of general-
ized and specialized Frenate. More than this we seem to have two
lines of descent indicated by these terms. I have not found full
justification of Prof. Comstock’s further division of the Specialized
Frenate into ‘‘ Frenulum conservers” and ‘‘ Frenulum losers.”” In
fact, the use of these characters as a division of the Specialized
Frenate is not sustained by a study of the larve. The loss of the
frenulum is rather to be considered as a secondary adaption for
flight with broad wings, and it has arisen separately in several dis-
tinct lines of descent.

The two points in which my classification contradicts that of
Prof. Comstock now require attention.

1. Superfamily Zygenidx.—So far as the North American fauna
is concerned there are but two families which claim notice, the
Euchromiide and Pyromorphide. According to my views, these
belong to the two separate lines of descent, the specialized frenate
and generalized frenate respectively. I will not do more here than
call attention to this difference, as the Pyromorphide are one of the
families about which I have been in doubt.

2. The Family Lacosomide.—This is placed among the Saturnina
by Prof. Comstock, but from larval characters it belongs with the
generalized frenate. It is true that the moths bear a close resem-
blance to the Saturnina; but I believe that this will be found to
be fortuitous. I regard it as an instance where specialization has
taken the same form in different lines of descent, and has led toa
misinterpretation of the characters. The larve have retained a
generalized condition on account of their secluded life, and give us
truer characters for the classification of the family. It is a case
the converse of that of the Eucleide, where specialization has
taken place in the larva, and where the generalized adult gives the
best indication of the relationship of these curious insects.

To show how completely my classification of the larve contra-
dicts the generally accepted classification of Lepidoptera, it is only
necessary to briefly consider the ‘Superfamily Bombyces.” No
one has prepared a satisfactory definition of this group so far as I

1 This same division of the Lepidoptera has been made by G. F. Hampson
(Fauna of British India: Moths, vol. I, p. 8), but apparently without recog-
nition of the real distinctive character.

A Classification of Lepidopterous Larve. 203

am aware, and it has been stated that it could not be defined.*
Nevertheless, Dr. Packard has very recently prepared a list of the
families of the Bombyces,’ following in the main the old lines. It
is only necessary to compare his list with the following synopsis of
families to show how completely at variance the two systems are.
In fact, a more miscellaneous aggregation of families could not well
be imagined than the so-called ‘‘ Bombyces,” judged by the standard
of my classification of the larve.*

SYNOPSIS OF THE FAMILIES OF LEPIDOPTEROUS LARV4«.*

A More than one tubercle on the third annulet and more than six above the
BaSey Ob lepeico es aean'csnaneiats xescesceticaosceenviecs cusicbe aesieaeseviacs ens oxsineniseoD UNG ML CGE
Hepialide
AA Not more than one tubercle on third annulet and only six above the base
of leg... =n eenee HO DCREDO CLUES CDOS peacivecisesiesve=cien7 a eM Cae
B Three eiifercles | on rida antatbe: none on ets hid sales iv and v
approximate ; two thoracic shields................eeeseeeee es ... Psychidz
BB Not more than two tubercles on ara Analg a Henally one on
third annulet; one thoracic shield (prothoracic).
C Tubercles iv and v approximate or consolidated.
GENERALIZED FRENATE
D Tubercles simple, single haired .................Cosside, Pyralidina,
Tortricina, Tineina (in part), Lacosomide, Sesiidze
DD Tubercles absent, as well as all legs................ Tineina (in part)
DDD Tubercles modified, many haired.
E All present but tubercle i. asaisestoneiseclese ... Pterophoride
EE Subventral tubercles alee adneed: eae tired left.
Pyromorphide, Megalopygidz
EEE Substigmatal tubercle absent; only two left........... Hucleidz
CC Tubercles iv and v remote?............c0seeeeeeeeeee eee SPECIALIZED FRENATE
F Tubercles all present or with but slight tendency to unequal reduc-
tion, setiferous, or equally reduced.

1 J. B. Smith, List Lep. Bor. Amer., p.iv; Neumcegen & Dyar, Journ. N. Y.
Ent. Soc., I, 97.

2 Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., I, 6 (1893).

3 ‘The family Bombycide would certainly never have been formed if the
larval structure only had been taken into consideration. ... Are the im-
agines of the genera united under this family, at any rate morphologically,
as unequally related as their larve ?’’ Weismann, Studies in the Theory of
Descent, vol. II, p. 442.

4 Families which have been omitted have not been examined.

5 In the higher forms, where the tubercles begin to be lost, iv may dis-
appear, leaving the remaining tubercles in essentially the same arrangement
as those in the section above, where the consolidation of iv and v is complete,
and where vii has disappeared.

204 A Classification of Lepidopterous Larve.

G Simple, with a single seta.....Noctuide (in part), Agaristide,
Notodontidz, Geometridz, Drepanide,

Lithosiidz (in part)
GG Tubercles with many hairs.

H Without any development of hairs from the skin.
Noctuide (in part), Pericopide, Arctiide,
Euchromiide (= Zygenide), Lymantriide
HH Tubercles greatly reduced ; abundant hair from the skin.
Lasiocampideze
FF Tubercles with marked unequal reduction, or greatly modified or
absent.
I Tubercles still wart-like, hairy.}
Lithosiide (in part), Lyczenidz (in part)
II Tubercles greatly modified or absent.
J Tubercle i normal (when present).
K Tubercles produced into naked fleshy horns, or regresenee
by colored spots.....Papilionidee, Nymphalide (in part)
KK No trace of tubercles................ Nymphalidz (in part),
Pieride, Hesperidz
JJ Tubercle i consolidated with its fellow on the dorsum.
L No unpaired dorsal tubercle anterior to abdominal segment 8.
M Tubercles largely present ................00......+.- gaturnina
MM Only the dorsal tubercle on segment &...... Sphingide
LL A line of unpaired dorsal tubercles the length of the abdo-
men anterior to segment 8, or largely so.
Nymphalide (in part)

Suborder Jugatz.
Family Hepialide.

Very little is known about the larve of our native species. D.
S. Kellicott has described Stenopis argenteomaculata,’ and this is
the only one of our species of which the larva is known. Unfor-
tunately the description is inadequate for my purpose. I infer from
it, however, that the larva has the sete single and possesses a
dorsal shield on the mesothoracic segment as well as on the pro-
thoracic and the anal (10th abdominal segment). See Fig. 2 for
illustration of an European species.

Suborder Frenatze.
The isolated Family Psychide.
This family seems to be equal in rank to all that follow, taken

together. I have already alluded to the presence of a dorsal shield

1 The young larve of many Papilionide will also come in here.
2 Insect Life, vol. I, p. 251 (1889).

A Classification of Lepidopterous Larve. 205

on the mesothoracic segment. The retention of this primitive
character corroborates the above conclusion. The family must be
of great age, and the wide distribution of its members, which are
found in all quarters of the globe, confirms this view. It is the
only family of Lepidoptera in which the females of all the species
are wingless, and they are probably the most degenerate of all such
females. I have examined three larvee.

Oiketicus kirbyi Guilding.

Mr. B. Neumegen has given me a number of specimens received
from a collector in Guadalajara, Mexico. In this species, as in all
the others, the sete are very fine and difficult to determine, while
the tubercles have almost disappeared. The arrangement is that
of my Fig. 3, though I could make out but two hairs on the base
of the leg.

Oiketicus townsendi Riley Ms.

This is the species shown in Fig. 38, which I have received from
Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell, of Las Cruces, N. M. The U.S. govern-
ment entomologist has attached the above name to it, I am informed.
It is to be hoped that Dr. Riley will soon give us an account of it.
Judging from the larval case, I have doubt about the propriety of
the reference to the genus Oiketicus.

Thyridopteryx ephemerezformis Stephens.

I have examined a specimen prepared by Mr. Wm. Beutenmiiller.
The sete are very obscure, and I could not make out any below
tubercle v. There is a circular corneous plate behind tubercle iii,
another bears tubercles iv and v, and there is a third one corre-
sponding in position to tubercle vi.

THE GENERALIZED FRENAT OR MICROLEPIDOPTERA.

The term Microlepidoptera may be retained for these families,
though several are included which were formerly classed among
the Macrolepidoptera.

The modification of the primitive arrangement of the tubercles
begins in the tendency to consolidation of iv and vy. Tubercles i
and ii are more nearly in line than they are in any of the Special-
ized Frenatz, and vii is developed into a distinct wart on the bases
of the legs, compensating for the absence of leg plates in this group.

206 A Classification of Lepidopterous Larve.

Thus there appear to be two subventral tubercles, the upper poste-
rior, the lower anterior.

There are two lines of specialization. The first consists in the
loss of all the tubercles as well as the feet, even of the thoracic ones.
This is seen in certain Tineids (e. g., Antispila nyssefoliella),
which are adapted to living in mines between the two surfaces of a
leaf. The second line occurs in larve living an exposed life. It
begins in the multiplication of the hairs of the tubercles and the con-
version of them into warts, exactly as in the Specialized Frenate.
Closely following on this comes the reduction in the number of
tubercles. This is seen in the Pterophoride, where tubercle i has
disappeared. Next we have the reduction and disappearance of the
subventral tubercles, leaving but three, two above the spiracle and
one below. This is probably in adaption to the form of the larva,
which is now becoming flattened with shortening of the abdominal
legs. The Pyromorphide and Megalopygide are in this condition.
Following this stage, the substigmatal tubercles (tubercles iv and v)
disappear, and the flattening of the ventral region reaches its ex-
treme. The hairs of the tubercles have also been gradually con-
verted into stinging spines. In the Megalopygide they are only
partially converted; but in the Eucleide the conversion is complete,
and we have, finally, the highest type of the Microlepidoptera, and,
perhaps, the most highly modified larva of all Lepidoptera. It is
interesting to note that the moths of the Eucleidze are much more
generalized than those of several of the families which precede
them, while the larve are so highly specialized. This illustrates
the principle to which I alluded at the beginning of this paper, that
specialization in the larva may be accompanied by a generalized
condition of the moth. It is notorious that the larve of the Eucle-
ide live for an usually long period.

Family Cosside.
Zeuzera pyrina Linneus.

Mr. J. Doll has kindly obtained for me some larve of this species,
recently renamed Z. decipiens’ by Mr. W. F. Kirby, of the British
Museum, on the supposition that our species is not the same as the
European. The sete arise from the centre of round black spots,
i, ii, and iii in the normal arrangement. In front of the spiracle is
a small black spot, suggesting a tubercle, but it bears no seta; iv
and v arise from a single spot, and below them posteriorly is vi;

1 Catalogue of Lepid. Heterocera, vol. I, p. 871 (1892).

A Classification of Lepidopterous Larve. 207

vii consists of three sete near the foot, and viii a single one on the
inside of the leg. There is a large dorsal prothoracic shield, but
no trace of a mesothoracic one.

Superfamily PYRALIDINA.
Family Pyraustide.
Mecyna reversalis Guenée.

The sete arise from the centre of large black patches, except vii
the tubercles of which are separated considerably; viii has also a
black patch; iv and v are approximate but not consolidated. The
tubercles are distinct, but the sete are much aborted, so that at first
glance the small supplementary white spots bordering the black
patches suggest the location of these structures. Larva received
from Prof. Comstock.

Pantographa limata Grote and Robinson.

In this larva there are no colored markings. The tubercles are
situated on rounded corneous areas, and are without sete, except in
the subventral region. Tubercle i is situated in the lower posterior
corner of its corneous area, and there is a distinct dark dot in the
opposite corner, suggesting a duplication of this tubercle. Tuber-
cles iv and v are approximate, iv on the upper posterior corner of
the area which bears v. The first annulet is not well marked; the
fold behind the second is distinct, and the third annulet is divided
by an oblique fold running posterior to tubercle ii. This produces
an arrangement seen in very many of the Microlepidoptera where
the segment is divided into three annulets differing from the primi-
tive ones.

Family Galleriide.

Galleria mellonella Linneus.

The larva is without marks, its tubercles very minute and with-
out corneous areas, though they bear distinct sete. The abdominal
feet are very short, but bear tubercles vii and viii in the normal
manner. ‘Tubercles iv and v, and the three composing vii are
approximated, but unconsolidated.

Family Phycitide.
Vitula edmandsii Packard.

The tubercles are small, dark, and bear pale sete. Tubercles iv
and v are consolidated, the two sete arising close together; the

208 A Classification of Lepidopterous Larve.

tubercle on the base of the leg (vii) is very weak, the hairs being
separated and obscure. The segments are divided into two annu-
lets, corresponding to the two posterior ones of the Tenthredinide.

Plodia interpunctella Hiibner.

The sete are very fine and the tubercles minute; both have nearly
disappeared, except that the subventral ones bear distinct hairs.
The arrangement of tubercles is the same as above, though I cannot
positively distinguish more than one seta from tubercle v. Perhaps
the other has disappeared.

Superfamily TORTRICINA.
Family Grapholithide.
Carpocapsa pomonella Linneus.
The sete are distinct and the tubercles are surrounded by corne-
ous areas. ‘Tubercles iv and v arise from the same area, while the

sete of vii, three in number, are without a corneous area. The
other tubercles are single, normal.

Family Tortricide.

Cacoecia cerasivorana Fitch.

The tubercles are quite large, having apparently occupied most
of their surrounding corneous areas, and suggest to us the origin
of the warts of the Pterophoride, though the sete are not increased
in number. Tubercles iv and v are consolidated into a single wart.
The large prothoracic dorsal shield is very distinct.

Lophoderus politana Haworth.

The sete are distinct, but the tubercles obscure. ‘'Tubercles iv
and v are not very closely consolidated. The arrangement is quite
normal. In all these larve we note that the 9th and 10th segments
of the abdomen are separated by a well-marked division.

Superfamily TINHBINA.

In this group we reach the highest degree of modification in the
line of abortion of tubercles, sete, and other normal body structures.
Here specialization has taken the course of degeneration. Since we
have at least four different lines of descent among the Generalized
frenulum conservers, I cannot arrange the families in a satisfactory

A Classification of Lepidopterous Larve. 209

serial order. Strictly the Tineina larve are more specialized than
those of the two next families, and should follow them.

Family Gelechiide.

Depressaria heracliana DeGeer.

The tubercles are situated in large, polished, black corneous areas,
and the sete are aborted, except subventrally. The arrangement is
normal; iv and v are closely approximated, and arise from a single
area, while the sete of vii are gathered together on a single black
area, forming a rather distinct wart. There is a single cervical
shield, and a distinct suture between abdominal segments 9 and 10

Family Elachistide.

Antispila nysszfoliella Clemens.!

There is a single cervical shield, a small projecting anal plate,
and the body is flattened. A few sete remain subventrally, but
the tubercles have disappeared, as have also all the feet.

Family Lacosomide.

In 1893’ I attempted to show that this group must be separated
from the Psychide and the Drepanide, with both of which it had
previously been united. I was unaware at the time that C. Plotz®
had already established the family under the name Perophoride ;
but the name is preoccupied. A little later Dr. Packard‘ recognized
this difference so far as to create a subfamily of the Psychide, where
he transformed my term into Lacosomine. In the same year
(1893) Prof. Comstock’s article appeared, in which the Lacosomide
(= Perophoride) are included among the Saturnina, in the highly
specialized group of Frenulum Losers. I had never seen the larve;
but, through the kindness of Dr. Packard, I have now been able to
examine both of our species, and Prof. Comstock has given me a
Brazilian form. From these larve I conclude that this family
belongs to the Microlepidoptera, as here set forth, a conclusion
which is contrary to any previously offered.

1 Dr. J. A. Lintner has kindly determined this larva for me.
2 Entom. News, IV, 36.

3 System der Schmetterlinge (1885).

4 Journ. N.Y. Ent. Soc., I, 8.

210 A Classification of Lepidopterous Larve.

Cicinnus melsheimeri Harris.

A single cervical shield; body granular; feet normal, the abdo-
minal ones very short. Spiracle on 8th abdominal segment higher
up than the others. Anal plate very large, covering the feet, con-
tinuous with a hardened area on the posterior part of the 8th seg-
ment, bounded in front by a transverse elevated fold. Setz fine,
short, very obscure so that their position could not be accurately
determined; but apparently as in the following :—

Lacosoma chiridota Grote.

A single cervical shield, but its distinctive coloration extends
back on the posterior thoracic segments; feet normal, the anal
plate scarcely enlarged. Body smooth, the sete arising from dis-
tinct tubercles; i anteriorly, ii posteriorly, only a little below i,
ili superstigmatal, a little anterior, iv and v in line subventrally,
vi above base of leg, vii consisting of several hairs on the base of
leg, and viii single, distinct on the apodal segments.

Family Sesiide.

The Sesiide (= A geriide) have usually been classified next to
the Sphingid, and this course is still followed by Dr. Packard.
Less conservative authors have reached the conclusion that this is
erroneous, and Mr. W. F. Kirby has omitted the family from his
“Catalogue of Sphinges and Bombyces.” A study of the larve
fully confirms this view, and I would place the family among the
Microlepidoptera. Prof. Comstock has kindly given me four larve.

Sannina exitiosa Say.

The tubercles are very small, but distinct, and all bear sete.
Tubercles iv and v are closely approximated, one being situated
immediately above the other. There are two distinct substigmatal
folds or ridges, each with two corneous patches. On the upper
one, iv and v are in the anterior patch, and on the lower vi is in
the posterior patch. The three tubercles of vii are on the anterior
side of the base of the leg. Segments strongly folded, biannulate.
A distinct suture between segments 9 and 10.

Harmonia pini Kellicott.

In this species the sete are much reduced, but the tubercles have
large, conical, corneous bases, so that they suggest low warts.
Iv and v are on the same elevation, and the three tubercles of vii
are in an oblique row as in the Hepialide. The larva is, other-
wise, very similar to the preceding.

A Classification of Lepidopterous Larve. 211

Sesia tipuliformis Linneus.

The tubercles are small and the sete fine, arising from slight
corneous elevations. There is an elevation just behind the spiracle,
and two others on the substigmatal folds, without sete, while tuber-
cle iv is very minute, though situated on the same elevation with v.
The general arrangement is somewhat deceptive at first sight, espe-
cially owing to the minuteness of some of the tubercles.

Melittia ceto Westwood.

The tubercles are very small and obscure. In fact most of them
seem to have disappeared. I was able to locate the position of i
and ii, and there are traces of the corneous areas which the others
occupied ; but they are all very degenerate. The larva is plump
and smooth, without any distinct annulets on the segments.

Family Pterophoride.!

We now come to a new line of modification, where the tubercles
have become converted into many haired warts. I could not obtain
any larve of this family, and my old notes are not sufficiently full,
though they indicate the conclusions expressed in my synopsis. A
careful study of this family would be full of interest, and I hope to:
be able to make it.

Family Pyromorphide.?

I take the following from my notes. It shows essentially the
same structure as in the two following families, though we have
no poisonous spines and the feet are normal.

1 Mrs. Knopf has examined and sent me sketches of the tubercles of the
larve of three European species, with the kind assistance of Mr. G. A. Poujade,
of the Natural History Museum of Paris. In all the species “there are single
sete only, without any development of warts, and in two they are all very
degenerate. In the third, Leioptilus scarodactylus Hiibn., the sete are all quite
well developed, and tubercle i is wanting, as in the American form with warts,
referred to above.

2 The European family Anthroceride, Kirby =( Zygenide of authors),
should come just before the Pyromorphide. I have examined the larva of
Anthrocera filipendule. The tubercles are converted into warts, but the warts
are greatly reduced, being represented by tufts of short hairs. Tubercle i is
absent, iv and v are consolidated, and vii is very distinct on the base of the
leg. Here we have direct evidence of the continuity of this series of families.
with the ancestors of the Pterophoride and allies.

212 A Classification of Lepidopterous Larve.

Harrisina americana Harris.

Head retracted and concealed beneath the prothoracic segment.
Body flattened, sides nearly perpendicular with a distinct substig-
matal ridge. Four rows of low, flattened areas, representing warts,
granular, and bearing numerous, radiating, short, fine bristles, and a
few longer whitish hairs from the extremities of the body. 'Tuber-
cles arranged (1) subdorsal, (2) lateral, (3) substigmatal, and (4)
obscure, above the base of the leg.

Family Megalopygide.

The arrangement of the tubercles is the same as in the Pyro-
morphide. The two additional pairs of abdominal feet, unique in
this family, have long been known. They were carefully described
by J. C. Sepp in 1830' in the case of Megalopyge xanthopasa and
M. lanata, and have recently been noticed by several authors. In
the case of our native species, IZ. crispata, Dr. Packard, in a recent
paper? gives a general summary of these structures with some ex-
cellent figures. He concludes thus: As to Megalopyge ‘‘ with its
rudimentary abdominal legs of the 2d and 7th segments of the hind
body, we feel warranted, in the present state of the subject, in con-
cluding that they may represent a persistent condition of two pair
of these deciduous abdominal legs” (which appear in embryonic
development). From this assumption he very naturally concludes
that Megalopyge ‘in respect to its abdominal legs, even if we do
not take into account other characters, is a survivor of an ancient
and very generalized type, and represents, as no other known cater-
pillar, the polypodous ancestor of all Lepidoptera.” Of course this
conclusion is entirely opposed to my view of the relationship of the
Megalopygidex, and I cannot accept Dr. Packard’s assumption. I
regard the development of these additional abdominal feet as secon-
dary. This family distinctly leads up to the Kucleide, and this
structure shows us how they probably derived their peculiar mode
of progression; for an extension of the modification of the ventral
surface which has here begun, would give us the slug-like structure
of the Eucleide, the most remarkable of all Lepidopterous larve.*

1 Surinaamsche Vlinders, vol. I, expl. to pl. 14.

2 Proceedings Amer. Philos. 5oc., vol. XXXII, pp. 275-292.

3 Dr. Packard has stated in several publications that the Eucleide (= Lima-
codidz = Cochliopodide) have’ no thoracic feet. This is an error; the feet
are distinctly present, though small.

A Classification of Lepidopterous Larve. 213

Family Hucleide.

In the most generalized forms we have only two rows of tuber-
cles present, the subdorsal and superstigmatal; the substigmatal
row seen in the two preceding families having here disappeared.
But there are two very different lines of modification in the family.
In the first the tubercles are retained and prolonged into fleshy
horns, while the sete have been modified into poisonous urticating
spines. This is accompanied by the development of bright and
gaudy warning colors. In the second line, the tubercles tend to
become reduced or entirely disappear, leaving the body smooth,
and either colored plain green or ornamented with certain other
colors designed for concealment.

I will describe these larve in detail.

First Group.

Adoneta spinuloides Clemens.

Head retracted under and folded in joint 2,’ joint 2 partly under 3.
Head green, jaws brown, eyes black. Body flattened, rather elon-
gate, the sides nearly perpendicular, but not high, the back flat, of
nearly uniform width, but narrowed toward head and rather more
so towards tail. Dorsum at joint 3, 2 mm. wide, at joint 7,3 mm.,
at joint 12, 2 mm. Lateral region has two rows of irregularly
elliptical depressions, between which the body is somewhat ridged
with a row of rounded elevations bearing minute spines. They are
situated just below the spiracle on joints 3, 4, 6 to 12. Color green,
covered with minute transparent granulations. The dorsal region
is nearly smooth, the sunken places being represented by small,
rounded whitish spots. On each side is a subdorsal row of spinose
tubercles, one on each segment 3-13 inclusive, those off joints 3, 4,
5, and 12 longer than the others and colored bright red, those on
joint 11 just tipped with red. Dorsal region yellow, containing a
broad purple band edged with crimson, of irregular outline. It
nearly covers the yellow on joints 3-5, being indented at each pair
of tubercles ; on 6 and 7 it is much enlarged; contracted at 8, almost
to a line; enlarged again at 9 and 10; contracted at 11 and ends in
a rounded enlargement on 12. It is divided by a pale dorsal line.

1 For brevity, in these descriptions, I use the terms common among Lepi-
dopterists, counting the head as ‘‘ joint 1.”’

214 A Classification of Lepidopterous Larve.

Length of larva 11 mm.; width 4mm. Thoracic feet very small,
pointed, green, tipped with brown. Abdominal feet absent, the
whole ventral region flexible and sticky.

Euclea indetermina Boisduval.

Head below joint 2, 2 below 3; thoracic feet small, pale; abdo-
minal none, venter soft and sticky, clear honey-brown. Dorsum
and sides flattened with subdorsal and stigmatal series of segmen-
tary horn-like processes, covered thickly with urticating spines.
Subdorsal horns on joints 3 to 13, those on 4, 5, 8,11, and 12 very
long, the ones on 3 and 13 moderate, the rest very short, subspheri-
cal. Stigmatal row on 3, 4, 6 to 12, short, except the one on 4
which is twice as long as the others. Spiracles round, the one on
joint 5 in line with the horns, those on 6 to 12 much below them,
the one on 2 usually concealed as the segment is retracted. Head
pale, blotched with red on its lower part; ocelli and mouth dark.
Joint 2 granular, honey-brown. Body (A) lemon-yellow or (B)
straw color, the tubercles (A) yellow, tinged with orange on 3, 6, 7,
9 and 10, or (B) vermillion-red with a red band along the subdorsal
line, laterally, along the superstigmatal horns, and along subventral
edge. Four narrow, dark purple lines in dorsal space, on a bluish-
white ground, the two central ones parallel, the outer undulating
to correspond with the locations of the larger horns. Four similar
lines in lateral space separated into two pairs by a (A) yellow or
(B) vermillion band, only slightly undulating. A similar single
pair of lines enclosing the spiracles, the one below them the most
distinct and separated from the sticky venter by a (A) yellow or
(B) vermillion band. On 13, close behind the superstigmatal horn
on 12, is a depressed pale area with purple border. Anterior edge
of 3 purplish. Size 18x77 mm. Horns on joint 8, 2.5 to 4 mm. in
different larvee.

Euclea delphinii Boisduval.

Elliptical; dorsal region flat, nearly level, and of uniform width,
rounded at the extremities; sides nearly perpendicular. Head
whitish, labrum and sutures of clypeus yellowish, eyes black. Head
retracted under joint 2. Along subdorsal ridge a row of elongate
processes on joints 3 to 13, covered with short black spines from
conical bases. The horns on 3, 4, 5,11, 12, and 13 are about three
times as long as the others. <A similar superstigmatal row; on
joints 3 and 4 lateral, none on 5, on 6 to 12 superstigmatal, that on
4 about as long as the subdorsal one, the others of uniform length,

A Classification of Lepidopterous Larve. 215

longer and rather more slender than the short subdorsals—all spined.
A row of dorsal and lateral depressions, each containing two irregu-
lar whitish dots, only appearing distinctly when the body is re-
tracted. Skin covered with very minute, transparent granulations.
Spiracles very small, circular, conical, projecting. Body sordid
purplish, shaded with blackish, or green; a narrow yellow dorsal
line. Subdorsal processes bright ferruginous or yellow, which
color extends broadly along subdorsal ridge, interrupted between
segments 6-7, 9-10, and 11-12 by a rectangular dark brown spot,
the one between 11 and 12 smaller than the others. Lateral pro-
cesses same color as the subdorsals but paler. Venter colorless, the
thoracic feet small. Coloration of larva very variable.

Euclea pznulata Clemens.

I have no notes of my own on this species, and copy those of
Prof. G. H. French.’ ‘In general outline somewhat elliptical,
the sides and back tapering from the middle to both extremities.
Length .56 inch (14 mm.), width and height in the middle .25 inch
fomim.)...- Thebody .. . destitute of true feet? . . . . a soft
pliable membrane covering the ventral surface. General color of
dorsal space dull purplish-brown, having, under the glass, a slight
orange tinge. A fine dorsal line and a broader one each side, which
alternately expands and contracts, of dull purplish-orange. On each
joint, except 12, is a pair of impressed spots, which appear whitish
when seen in certain lights. In the region of the subdorsum is an
orange ridge containing tubercles which are covered with spines. . .
of the same color as the ridge, except that between the last two
there is a shorter black tubercle without spines. The second and
third from each end of the body” [7.e., on joints 4, 5, 11, and 12}
“are larger than the others. A similar tubercled ridge , . . in the
region of the stigmata. . . . Subdorsal space dull, purplish-orange,
bordered above and below with purplish-brown, each joint contain-
ing two whitish impressed spots. ... Below the lower line of
tubercles, dull orange. . .. ”

Euclea plugma Sepp.
According to Sepp’s figure this larva has the structure of the two
species just described. The subdorsal horns on joints 3 to 5 and

1 Papilio, vol. I, p. 144.
2 Prof. French repeats Dr. Packard’s error in failing to observe the thoracic
feet.
Annaus N. Y. Acap. Scr., VIII, May, 1894.—15

216 A Classification of Lepidopterous Larve.

11 to 13 are longer than the others, which are about equal. The
color is green with a bright vermillion dorsal line, and a white band
below the subdorsal ridge, both bordered by a dark shade. The
lateral region is of a paler green.

Euclea dicolon Sepp.

This larva is interesting for it differs from the typical structure
of Euclea (to judge by Sepp’s figure) in having the subdorsal horns
on joints 6 and 10 shorter than those on 7 to 9, so that they are not
shown in the figure. Perhaps, even, they are absent; but anyway
we have an approach to the structure of the next genus, Sibine.
The subdorsals on 8 to 5 and 11 to 13 are as long as the stigmatals.
The body is gaily ornamented with streaks and spots of bright red
on a green ground, the location of which I cannot positively deter-
mine from the figure.

Sibine vidua Sepp.

Sepp figures a larva which seems to be somewhat more general-
ized than our North American species. The subdorsal horns are
absent on joints 6 to 10, but there is another pair of long ones
behind those on 11; the lateral horns are long. Body green with
a large square dark green patch on the back, broadly bordered with
yellow; the horns are all dull purplish.

Sibine stimulea Clemens.

Head beneath joint 2, but 2 not beneath 3; joints 3 and 4 some-
what folded. Dorsum rises nearly perpendicularly in front, rounds
over at joint 5, slopes gently aud slightly to joint 11, and is then
nearly perpendicular to the anus. No subdorsal ridge, the body
evenly rounded, but the sides almost perpendicular. On joints 3,
4, 5, and 11 a pair of subdorsal fleshy processes, furnished with
round, smooth tubercles, each of which bears a long, stiff spine,
salmon colored, black at the end, ‘‘stinging.”? The processes on 3
and 4 are short, those on 5 and 11 very long (5 mm.). A similar
row on joints 3-13, just above the spiracles, and absent on 5, all
short, with an extra pair at the anus.'| On 12 above the process,
and on 13 posterior to it is an elevated brown structure like a large
wart, or like many thick spines very close together, each tipped
with a fine black point. Body smooth, with two dorsal and two

1 In the absence of specimens of the larva, I cannot tell to what this note,
made four years ago, refers.

A Classification of Lepidopterous Larve. 217

lateral rows of little, shallow, pale colored pits. Color dark pur-
plish vinous; a pale yellow, elliptical spot dorsally on joints 5 and
11 edged with blackish; a much larger similarly colored one on 12
on each side behind the large process; a large bright green patch
covers the back and sides of 6 to 10 like a blanket, extending a little
on 11 and 12 laterally, and leaving an elliptical patch of the ground
dorsally on 7 to 9 like a hole in the blanket. The blanket patch is
narrowly edged with black and broadly with white. Spiracles
round, elevated centrally, finely radiate, yellowish. Venter whit-
ish, nearly colorless. Thoracic feet small, tipped with brown.
Head nearly colorless, black at the sides, mouth brown.

Sibine trimacula Sepp.

In this curious larva the long horns have disappeared, and we
find on the corresponding segments rounded, spinous tubercles.
The lateral series does not appear in Sepp’s figure, and must be
greatly reduced, perhaps to merely a fringe of spines. The light
green blanket covers the whole of the dorsum and extends forward
laterally to joint 4, being without a “hole” centrally, and bordered
with yellow. The rest of the body is bright green, the small tuber-
cles only retaining the purplish color. The larva is much less con-
spicuous than the others of its genus, in correspondence with the
marked reduction of its defensive armor. I am unable to under-
stand why Mr. W. F. Kirby should have placed the names of this
species and S. vidua as synonyms of the same insect (S. nesea), as
he has done in his catalogue.

Parasa chloris Herrich-Schiffer.

This larva is in a state of transition toward the second group.
The tubercles are much reduced, and the color, though rathér bright,
is quite uniform, so that it is difficult to decide whether it is intended
for warning or not.

Outline from above somewhat ovate, the last segment produced
into a little pointed tail; dorsal region flat, highest at joint 5,
diminishing to the extremities. Subdorsal ridge angulated, not
elevated, bearing on each segment after 2 a large round wart
covered with spines, those on 3, 4, 5,11, and 12 large, the rest
much smaller. A similar row above the spiracles, all small. The
head is retracted within joint 2, and this in turn under joint 8.
There is a double row of blackish impressed spots in the dorsal
region, and elliptical depressions on the sides; but the skin is nearly

218 A Classification of Lepidopterous Larve.

uniform, soft, and smooth. Color greenish-brown, lighter, more
reddish posteriorly, shaded on the dorsum with dark orange; a
number of indistinct, brighter, waved lines. Venter colorless,
bordered by a salmon colored band.

SECOND GROUP.

Phobetron pithecium Abbot and Smith.

In this larva, the tubercles still remain, but the whole organism
is modified to resemble a dead leaf. It is the most remarkable lepi-
dopterous larva known tome. Its hairs retain some stinging power.
The tubercles are most peculiarly modified; they are extended later-
ally in the form of long fleshy arms, the tips of which are flexible
and execute a certain amount of independent motion; they are
strongly constricted at the base, and are shed by the larva at the
time of forming its cocoon, though not at the molts. Moreover
their normal position is altered. Instead of arising from the center
of the segment, they are pushed forward to lie apparently between
their own segment, and the one anterior. On account of their feeble
attachment, they may be lost during the life of the larva through
accident, and are not regenerated, as would be the case with hair
structures which are formed afresh at each molt. .

Head whitish, eyes black, jaws black inwardly. Head below joint
2; but 2 not below 38. Dorsum flat, rounding posteriorly, the sides
perpendicular ; subdorsal ridge rounded, but bearing a row of ten
processes on joints 4 to 13 respectively, arising apparently from
between the segments subdorsally, the first between joints 3 and 4.
All are curved backward, except the 6th to 9th, which curve for-
ward, though they probably vary in this respect, owing to their
power of motion. The 2d and 8th (joints 5 and 11) are longer
than the Ist, 4th, 6th, and 9th (joints 4, 7, 9, and 12), and the 10th
(joint 13) is very short. The 3d, 5th, and 7th (joints 6, 8, and 10)
are very long.” All are furnished with thick short hair, parted in
the middle and projecting laterally, and have a tuft of black spines
and single long hair at the end. Their bases are swollen below and
hairy. From the base of each process above, grows a spreading
flattened tuft of fine hair which nearly cover the dorsum. A super-
stigmatal row of spined tubercles, three in number on joint 3 (one

1 See Lintner, 5th Report N. Y. State Entomologist, p. 185.
2 In the specimen which served me for these notes the 3d pair had been lost.

A Classification of Lepidopterous Larve. 219

representing the subdorsal process), two on joint 4, one a little
above the other, none on joint 5, one each on joints 6 to 12. Spira-
cles small, round. Color of body and processes varying in different
individuals from tan color to red or dark brown, like different kinds
of withered leaves. Below spiracles, nearly white; venter clear
pale yellow, semitransparent. Thoracic feet small, colorless.

Are these fleshy arms intended to come off in the grasp ef an
enemy, like the tail of a lizard, whereby the larva may escape injury,
even though it be detected in its simulation of a dead leaf?

In respect to the number of tubercles and their armature, P. pithe-
cium is the most generalized larva of the Eucleidx, the nearest to
Megalopyge.

Phobetron tetradactylum Walsh.

If the observations of Walsh are not founded upon error (of
which I am by no means convinced) we have another species of
Phobetron in this country which has escaped the notice of entomo-
logists. Walsh says: ‘‘ These larvee were much larger than that
of hyalinus” (which means nothing, as hyalinus is the % of pithe-
cium, and consequently small). ‘They agreed with it in having
apparently nine pairs of appendages, the last pair very short; but
they had only the 8d and 6th pairs projecting beyond the others,
and both these .pairs were curved backwards, with the extreme tips
of each slightly hooked forward.” I have shown that the direction
of curvature of the arms cannot be relied upon, and it remains to
be determined what is the range of variation in the proportionate
lengths of the several pairs of arms before we can pronounce on
Walsh’s species.

Sisyrosea inornata Grote and Robinson. b

Here also the tubercles remain; but the hairs are soft and with-
out stinging power. The larva is colored for concealment.

Head pale green, eyes black, jaws brown; head under joint 2, 2
under 3. Body much flattened, elliptical, dorsal region flat, rising
but little, narrowest centrally and widening to the extremities; sides
sloping. Around the lateral region the body projects and bears a
row of flattened, elongated, triangular, pointed projections, fringed
on their sides by spines each tipped with a hair. The first of these
projections is on joint 3 at the beginning of the subdorsal ridge,
which, with the one on 3 laterally and 4, is red with black spines.
(There is one on 38 subdorsally, another small one on 3 laterally,
one on 4, none on 5, one on 6, but no gap as joint 5 is contracted at

220 A Classification of Lepidopterous Larve.

base, its spiracle a little lower than the others). The other tuber-
cles are pale green with white spines, the last one being on joint 13,
longer than the others, and placed at the end of the subdorsal ridge.
Along this ridge is a row of similar, but much smaller processes,
projecting laterally and situated on joint 3 posteriorly, 4 posteriorly,
none on 5, one on joints 6 to 12 inclusive centrally, color green or
yellowish, the spines pale. The process on joint 13 really forms
part of both the subdorsal and stigmatal rows.’ The body seg-
ments, especially laterally, are a little elevated on their anterior
edge, and contain a double dorsal and two lateral rows of small,
whitish, impressed spots. General color light green; on the lateral
area this color obtains only on the elevated portions, as seen by a
lens. <A distinct vellow line along the subdorsal ridge connected by
a yellow spot on 9 anteriorly, which contains a red dot. In another
larva two red dots on joints 9 and 11. Laterally, the elevated por-
tions of the segment surround the spiracle and send off a ridge to
the posterior edge centrally. In the two spaces thus formed are
two elevations, depressed centrally, the upper slightly kidney shaped,
the lower circular. A double dorsal row of impressed spots. Tho-
racic feet blackish, venter colorless.

Tortricidia pallida Herrich-Schiffer.

This larva is entirely smooth, but has retained a bright red dorsal
patch, which now does duty to give to the larva a deceptive resem-
blance to a red patch on a leaf.

Head retracted beneath joint 2, 2 beneath 3; greenish testaceous,
mouth brown, ocelli black. Body elliptical, the sides sloping from
a slight subdorsal ridge, contracted between joints 12 and 13, giving
the last segment a square appearance. Color bright green, the dor-
sum largely covered by a patch of salmon color or purple-brown,
bordered by a crimson line and a yellow shade. It begins some-
what broadly above the head on joint 3, narrows at once to a dorsal
band on joints 4 and 5, widens twice, the second time passing down
to the subventral edge of the body at joint 8, then narrows twice
and tapers to a point at the anal extremity. The body is covered,
very minutely, with transparent granulations. The usual elliptical
depressions are hardly distinct, smooth, whitish in the dorsal patch,
and containing a dorsal and lateral row of blackish spots. Length
9 mm.

1 There are thus three less tubercles in Sisyrosea than in Phobetron: viz.,

the third one on joints 3 and 4, and the subdorsal one on joints 5 of Phobe-
tron, are wanting in Sisyrosea.

A Classification of Lepidopterous Larve. 221

Tortricidia minuta Reakirt.

Unknown since 1864, so far as Tam aware. It is to be hoped
that some one may find it again. Reakirt says: ‘‘ Length 2-24
lines”? (about 4-5 mm.); ‘basal outline elliptical; a flattened ridge
widest at the center [= dorsal area] extends from head to tail,
curving over vertical elevations at the sides, which gradually
diminish before and behind, and terminate at both ends in a rounded
margin. Around the base, a row of small, densely spined papille”’
[lateral tubercles retained? |, ‘‘two of which on the head” [meaning
joint 3?] ‘are the most prominent and colored yellow. The body
is smooth, but the ridge [dorsum] is thrown into thick fleshy folds;
it is thickest in the middle, whence it diminishes anteriorly and
posteriorly. [Color] green; two bright red lines of equal length,
cross each other at right angles on the central portion of the upper
10S (og ea

Tortricidia fasciola Herrich-Schiffer

Outline elliptical, contracted between joints 12 and 13, joint 13
forming a square projection. Dorsal region flat, arched over; sub-
dorsal ridge slight, serving to separate the dorsum from the sides
which laterally form a decided ridge, below which the body again
contracts to venter. Head retracted under joint 2,2 under 3. Body
thickly covered with transparent elevations, which appear somewhat
flattened on the dorsal region. Color pale yellowish-green; a yellow
line on each subdorsal ridge and on the stigmatal ridge, all meeting
on joint 13, and the two subdorsal lines also meet anteriorly by a
connecting line on joint 3. A dorsal and a large and a small lateral
row of dark green spots, surrounded by yellow, besides’a row of
yellow dots on each side the line on the subdorsal ridge, along which
the green predominates in round, somewhat elevated spots. Below
the stigmatal ridge is a row of green spots, surrounded by white
and resting just above the white band bordering the colorless ven-
ter. There are certain minute, pale, sete to be distinguished on the
ridges by the aid of a lens.

Apoda y-inversa Packard.!
Head green, mouth parts dark brown, eyes black; retracted below
joint 2, which is in turn retracted below 3. Body elliptical, tail

1 These larve I have found several times, but never bred. The name is an
assumption. They may be A. biguttata, or possibly Heterogenea flexuosa, though
I do not think it likely.

222 A Classification of Lepidopterous Larve.

quadrate, sides sloping, the subdorsal angle about 75°; dorsum
narrowing before and behind, evenly arching. Watery granular,
whitish-green (not yellow), the pigment lying below the surface.
A subdorsal white band along the ridge, edged above with blackish-
green. Dorsal and lateral blackish impressed spots, seen distinctly
only centrally. The subdorsal lines approach each other closely at
the extremities. Spiracles white, brown centrally; a subventral
white line. Thoracic feet small, tipped with brown. Venter smooth,
clear, colorless, translucent, without legs. Length 15 mm.; width
8 mm.

Packardia geminata Packard.

Body elongate elliptical, sides nearly perpendicular, slightly ridged
above the spiracles; dorsal region flat, highest at joint 7 and sloping
each way; subdorsal ridge moderately prominent, straight; joint
13 prolonged into a pointed tail very faintly marked with reddish
toward the end. Along each subdorsal ridge is a series of little
conical tubercles (seen with a lens), two per segment, close together
and each bearing a very short seta; a similar row along the super-
stigmatal ridge, but single and smaller, and the sete even shorter
and finer than those on the subdorsal ridge. A series of dorsal and
lateral depressions, not distinctly different from the rest of the body
in structure or color, though the lateral ones are slightly darker.
The body is thickly covered with little transparent granulations.
Color pale, decidedly whitish green (not yellowish), a white line
along the subdorsal ridge bordered above with dark green, the lines
obsoletely connected on joint 3, but not passing on to the tail. <A
row of obscure white dashes along the superstigmatal ridge, looking
as if beneath the surface of the skin. Spiracles small, round, pro-
jecting, white. A faint whitish line separates the clear colorless
venter from the sides. Head pale green, the mouth parts largely
dark brown. It is retracted below, and folded within joint 2, which
has the spiracle somewhat flattened. Length of larva 14 mm.,
width 6.5 mm.

Packardia elegans Packard.

Head retracted under joint 2; joint 2 partly under joint 3; dorsal
region narrow; body highest at joint 7, rounding to the extremi-
ties. Subdorsal ridges distinct, not raised, segmentally undulate,
approaching each other posteriorly and marked with a yellow line
which begins on joint 3, not joining over the dorsum. Sides nearly

A Classification of Lepidopterous Larve. 223

perpendicular, a little sloping and bulging superstigmatally, but not
forming a decided lateral ridge; joint 13 produced into a rather long,
narrow, pointed tail, marked with reddish-purple above. Body
closely covered with small transparent granulations; color light
yellowish-green, dorsal region dark green, with a small dorsal dot
on each joint (joints 6-11) largely surrounded with pale yellowish-
green, reaching to the subdorsal lines except on joint 11. Sides
nearly uniform yellowish-green ; above the lateral bulge is a seg-
mental row of depressed darker spots, beginning on joint 4 and
becoming indistinct after joint 9; on the lateral bulge a row of
yellowish spots on joint 6-9. Spiracles white, small, round, coni-
cally elevated. A white line borders the venter, which is colorless.
Thoracic feet small, abdominal ones wanting, as usual in the family.
Head green, jaws brown, ocelli black. Length of larva 11 mm.,
width 5.5 mm., height 3.5 mm.

The subdorsal and lateral ridges have traces of tubercles, not
elevated, but a little smoother than the rest of the body, bearing
very minute short sete, just perceptible with a lens in certain lights.

Eulimacodes scapha Harris.

Head retracted under the fleshy folds of joint 2, joint 2 under 3.
Body highest at joint 7, the dorsum rounding over rapidly to head
and tail. Sides perpendicular, sunken in the middle. Subdorsal
ridge sharp, elevated; dorsum flat; joint 13 produced into a pointed
tail. The ridge on each side, at joints 7 and 8, is elevated into a
rounded, smooth process, or there may be only one process or none.
Body segments not well distinguished; on the sides joints 3 and
13 have one, 4 to 12 two (one above the other), smooth, irregularly
elliptical plates; on dorsum joints 3-13 have each a plate, hexagonal,
transversely elongate, as wide as the dorsum, the angles between
the successive plates filled in with little triangular pieces. Between
the dorsal and lateral series of plates the skin is closely scaled.
Body smooth, the scaled part shining. Color green, a large round
white spot on the subdorsal ridge on joint 10, or there may be two
or even three of these spots. Usually there is only one prominence
on the subdorsal ridge, viz., on joint 7. The body is often all green
with a narrow yellow dorsal line, or the back or sides in patches or
even very extensively marked with brownish cream color on the
plates, and dark brown mottlings on the scaled parts. These mark-
ings are not quite alike in any two individuals. Spiracles pale
whitish. Thoracic feet minute, abdominal feet absent, the venter

294 A Classification of Lepidopterous Larve.

sticky and transparent. A broad white band separates the trans-
parent venter from the green sides. Head of a whitish color, jaws
brown. Joint 2 transparently granulated and marked with brown.

THE SPECIALIZED FRENATA OR MACROLEPIDOPTERA.

First Division (corresponding in a general way to the Specialized
Frenulum Conservers of Comstock).

The most primitive form of arrangement of the tubercles is seen
in that great group including the Noctuidz, Notodontide, and their
allies. The tubercles are simple, single haired. Tubercles iv and
v are well separated, iv tending to become situated just behind the
spiracle. The setzw of vii are never consolidated into a distinct
wart, but the three hairs are scattered on the outside of the leg, or
on the chitinous leg plate, which is frequently developed. The two
subventral tubercles are thus v and vi, instead of vi and vii as in
the Microlepidoptera, and appear to be situated the upper anterior,
the lower posterior.

Specialization begins in a multiplication of the number of hairs
on each tubercle; but right here there arises a new line of modifica-
tion. It consists in the presence of hairs arising from very minute
tubercles all over the body. We shall see this modification again in
several different lines of descent; but it probably reaches its maxi-
mum among the Notodontide in Apatelodes torrefacta. Here it
has replaced the process of multiplication of hairs on the tubercles,
which seem to be still single haired. The result of this process in
our Apatelodes angelica and in the South American genus Rosema
is the production of a structure closely like that of the Lasiocampide.

Several different modifications of the legs among the most gener-
alized Macrolepidoptera may now be noticed. The first consists in
the abortion of the two anterior pair of abdominal legs as seen in
the lower Noctuide, followed by the complete removal of the three
anterior pair as in the Geometride, resulting, of course, in a loop-
ing method of progression. It may be noticed, in passing, that this
modification is much more strongly presented in certain Noctuids
in the first larval stage (embryonic larva) than later in life, which
might lead to the conclusion that the Noctuide were descended from
geometrid-like ancestors, if we regarded the first larval stage as
always representing a generalized condition. This conclusion would
be, evidently, the reverse of the truth, as the specialization in the

A Classification of Lepidopterous Larve. 225

first stage is for the purpose of giving to the little larve a very
rapid method of progression, enabling them to quickly disperse and
find the food of which they have immediate need.

The second method of modification of the feet is illustrated by
the Drepanide. It consists in the abortion of the last pair of feet
with an enormous hypertrophy of the anal plate as shown by Dr.
Packard,’ resulting in the production of a new means of defense.

The third modification consists of the lengthening of the last pair
of feet and their conversion into repellant organs by a peculiar
development of the extensile part of the end of the foot, whereby it
becomes a long eversible flagellum. All stages in this process are
illustrated among the Notodontide. Here again we may note that
in the genus Macrurocampa, the modification of the feet reaches its
greatest development in the first larval stage, where they are longer
than the body of the larva, again a special adaption to the fearful
struggle to which these newly born larve are subjected.

We now pass to the second group in which the tubercles are
many haired. This probably includes all the remaining families of
the Macrolepidoptera. In some, however, modification has pro-
gressed so far that the tubercles are entirely lost, and, in the absence
of generalized: genera, it is impossible to be certain from which type
they were derived. The Lithosiide show the beginning of the
modification in that several of the tubercles bear two hairs. Then
follows a series of families in which the tubercles are converted into
warts. The hairs are at first simple or finely cleft; but in the higher
families, especially in the Phegopterine, Lymantriide, and’Enchro-
miidx, they are developed into various brushes, tufts, and plumes.
This is the highest degree of specialization in this line, and is
accompanied by an irregular reduction of the warts. In the genus
Nola of the Lithosiide we have an extreme of unequal reduction,
similar to that in the Lycenide, and accompanied with the loss of
the anterior pair of abdominal feet.

Family Noctuide.
Achatodes zee Harris.

I have examined a larva prepared by Mr. Wm. Beutenmiiller.
The tubercles are surrounded by large black areas: i anteriorly,
ii posteriorly, iii lateral, a minute spot before the spiracle, iv behind
and at base of spiracle, v anteriorly, and vi posteriorly subventral.

1 Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., XXIV, 484.

226 A Classification of Lepidopterous Larve.

A large black leg-shield. Tubercles vii and viii appear ventrally on
the legless segments.

Acronycta sp.

An undetermined larva occurred to me at Woods Holl, Mass.
The tubercles are represented by large hairy warts arranged as
above, except that iv, posterior to the spiracle, is much smaller than
the others.

Family Agaristide.
Alypia octomaculata Fabricius.

Body enlarged at joint 12 (8th abdominal segment) with low
conical tubercles, smooth, not shining nor granular, each bearing a
single pale hair, and arranged perfectly normally ; iv rather small,
behind and a little below the spiracle. No other hairs.

Family Lithosiide.

Sarrothripa revayana Scopoli.

No warts nor tubercles perceptible, but the single hairs are
arranged in the same manner as the warts of the Arctiide; row iv
is just below the stigmatal line, the hairs each a little back of a
spiracle; v anteriorly .... in the subventral space (Psyche, vol.
VI, p. 260).

Tyria jacobee Linneus.

A prepared specimen at the American Museum of Natural His-
tory. Tubercle i anterior, ii posterior, iii lateral, iv stigmatal (pos-
terior) small, v subventral, vi subventral posteriorly with two hairs,
vii with four hairs, viii with one hair.

Nola minuscula Zeller.

First wart (ii) very large, oblong as if of two coalesced, second
lateral (iii), third subventral (v), also large, and fourth (vi) very
small, also subventral. Warts bearing spreading, long, thin hairs
(see Psyche, vol. VI, p. 248).

Family Notodontide.

Heterocampa manteo Doubleday.
Single setz, arising normally. ‘Tubercle iv is behind and below
the spiracle.

bo
=J,

A Classification of Lepidopterous Lar ve. 2

Pheosia dimidiata Herrich-Schiiffer.

I have shown how the sete of i are borne on the base of the
fleshy horn on 8th abdominal segment and are not united (see
Psyche, vol. V1, p. 194).

All the species of Datana and Ichthyura illustrate the secondary
hairs arising from the skin.

Family Geometride.

Calocalpe undulata Linneus.

Corresponding to the absence of legs on so many segments, and
the consequent exposure of the ventral surface, we find the three
tubercles of vii well separated, and each as well developed as any
other on the body. The arrangement is: i at anterior third of
segment; ii at posterior third and a little lower down; iii lateral,
anterior; iv some distance behind the spiracle opposite its lower
edge; v before the middle on the substigmatal ridge; vi anterior,
subventral, nearly in line with viia; viib posterior, vile anterior,
and viii again posterior, each a little nearer the midventrai line
than the preceding one.

Family Drepanide.
Oreta rosea Walker.
This little larva has lost all trace of tubercles. It is granular,
the segments annulate, with a large unpaired process dorsally on
the metathoracic segment. ‘

Platypteryx arcuata Walker.

I have not had this larva for special examination. It occurred to
me in Plattsburgh, N. Y., on the black birch and alder; but I have
apparently fallen into some error in my notes in regard to the
tubercles. Still, I give them, as they show tubercle iv to be in the
required position."

Head higher than joint 2, bilobed, subquadrate, sutures distinct ;
sordid whitish, the small clypeus red-brown ; two dark red-brown,
arcuate, concentric bands cross the head transversely, the lower from

1 In correcting the proof I am able to explain the apparent anomaly. I
have found a dead larva in an old cocoon. There are several secondary hairs
developed, one of which is very distinct, situated near tubercle ili, the others
subventral. My notes are correct, except that I did not mention tubercle vi,
which is present posteriorly, subventrally. The arrangement is the normal
one of the Macrolepidoptera.

228 A Classification of Lepidopterous Larve.

the ocelli over the clypeus, the upper across vertices of lobes ; ocelli
black; some long pale sete from minute tubercles; width about 1.8
mm. Body thick, slightly flattened, of nearly even width, but the
last segments tapering. Anal feet absent, the suranal plate pro-
duced into a conical, rounded process as long as the plate. Tuber-
cles mostly small: 1] anterior, 2 posterior, 3 and 4 lateral in line [? },
5 stigmatal posteriorly [= iv], and 6 substigmatal [=v]. On
joints 3 and 4 there are 1 to 3 near together, 4-5 in line, 6—7 in
line subventrally, and more on base of foot, each with a single,
long dark seta. On joints 3-4, tubercle 2 is red, elongate, 3 is
black, giving the appearance of horns when there are none. Color
light green, whitish ventrally. A purplish subdorsal band, the
dorsal space filled in with purplish from joints 5 to 13. There is
some variation in markings.

Family Arctiide.

The tubercles are converted into large warts bearing many hairs.
I have frequently referred to the arrangement.’
In the subfamily Phegopterine tubercle iv becomes small.

Family Pericopide.
Gnophela vermiculata Grote and Robinson.

From the descriptions by Mr. D. Bruce* and Mr. T. D. A. Cock-
erell,? I infer that the tubercles do not differ from those of the
Arctiide. These descriptions are among the very few that have
been of any service to me in the present investigation, and I am
duly grateful for them.

Family Buchromiide.

The tubercles are like those of the Arctiide, as may be seen by
referring to my descriptions in Insect Life, vol. II, pp. 360-362.
Many of the species have tufts of hair as in the next family.

Family Lymantriide.

I have described so many of these species that I will not take up
space here. I refer to the pages of Psyche. I would, however,

1 See Entom. Americana, vol. VI, p. 74 (1890). The numbers correspond
with those now adopted, except that (7) includes vii and viii.

2 Entom. Americana, vol. IV, p. 24.

3 Entom. Americana, vol. V, p. 57.

A Classification of Lepidopterous Larve. 229

again call attention to the fact that tubercle iv is large and well
developed in Porthetria dispar, the ‘gypsy moth;” but very small
in our native species of Notolophus (= Orgyia).'

e

Family Lasiocampide.

This family, which closes our first division (unless the alternative
view which I will suggest for the position of the Sphingide be
adopted) has pursued a different line of development. The warts
have become reduced even to obliteration, and are largely replaced
by hairs arising from the skin. But these have made no great
advance in many species, owing to the fact that the larve may be
protected by their resemblance to the bark of trees on which they
rest.

I am struck by the fact that Mr. W. F. Kirby has placed the
Notodontian genus Apatelodes among the Lasiocampide.? Now
the larva of A. angelica bears a most striking resemblance to many
Lasiocampid larve, though probably a fallacious one. But, as this
larva is, without doubt, unknown to Mr. Kirby, I am at a loss to
understand his reference. Is there a closer relationship here than
appears at first sight?

Clisiocampa pluvialis Dyar.

This larva seems to exhibit, imperfectly it is true, the location of
all the tubercles. I have received some nicely Fig. 6.
prepared examples from Prof. O. B. Johnson: i
Tubercle iv is shown just behind the spiracle in
Fig. 6; but there will be noticed two additional
ones on the anterior annulet. It is difficult to
make out anything positively owing to the ex-
treme reduction of the tubercles and the con-
siderable development of the body hairs. This
is the most generalized Lasiocampid which I yy¢.¢.—a segment of

have seen. Clisiocampa pluvialis.

Tolype velleda Stoll. —

There are two hairy warts, corresponding to ii and v, with
another lateral row on the thoracic segments. There is a dorsal
prominence on the 8th abdominal segment, which bears the two
tubercles i of each side.

1 See my description in Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. History, vol. XXVI, p. 155.
2 Cat. Lep. Het., vol. I, p. 851.

230 A Classification of Lepidopterous Larve.

Artace punctistriga Walker.
The arrangement is the same. The larve which Dr. Packard

has kindly loaned to me are very small and the structure is difficult.
to make out. 2

Heteropacha rileyana Harvey.

A slight hump on the 8th abdominal segment like a small fleshy
horn. No tubercles, except on the prothoracic segment where there
are traces of three on each side.

Phyllodesma americana Harris.

There are no tubercles. There is a dorsal prominence on 8th
segment, and the subventral region is hairy.

The Second Division (corresponding partially to the Frenulum
Losers of Comstock).

This division shows the most varied forms of modification, which
would require too much space to describe in detail. We see ex-
hibited nearly all the higher modifications of the tubercles previ-
ously described, and in addition certain new ones. These have
been already referred to. There is one set of characters which we
do not find largely developed in any family of the Frenulum losers.
This is the great development of hairs illustrated by the Arctiidz:
and allies.

In the present division the feet are not modified. I know of no
instance in which they have departed from the primitive type or
been modified for any other purpose than their natural one. There
are, however, several instances of highly modified eversible glands.
These structures are met with in various families throughout the
Frenate ; but, as they are clearly not the homologues of tubercles,
it is not within the scope of this paper to enter into a discussion of
them.

Family Lycenide.

Judging from W. H. Edwards’s figures,' the structure of the
tubercles is essentially that of the highest Aicroleniaent and of
the Lithosiide (genus Nola). I have, at present, no evidence show-
ing from which type it has been derived. Mr. Edwards figures
Lemonias nais as a very hairy larva with apparently three rows of

1 Butterflies of N. A., vol. II.

A Classification of Lepidopterous Larve. 231

warts. In Lycena pseudargiolus all the warts have disappeared
and the larva is highly modified. It is a pity that Mr. Edwards’s
plates do not show the tubercles in more detail.

Family Papilionide.

These are among the most generalized of the Butterflies. We
can see in the younger stages of many species round spinous warts
representing nearly all of the tubercles, though usually i and iv
have disappeared.' In the adult larva the tubercles have disap-
peared; but they may be represented by spots or long fleshy horns.

Family Nymphalide.

There is a remarkable range of variation in this family. Danais
archippus shows a structure allied to that of Papilio philenor in
its long fleshy horns. In Apatura and in the Satyrinz the tuber-
cles are absent after the first molt; and in Liminitis and Heteroch-
roa the body is covered with a whole mass of secondary tubercles
and spines. In the genera represented by Heliconius, Argynnis,
and Vanessa we have an entirely different arrangement. Tubercle i
is consolidated into a single unpaired process on the dorsal line.
In the mature larva there are usually only four processes: (1) dor-
sal, unpaired, (2) subdorsal, (3) lateral, and (4) substigmatal; but
in the first stage of Melitza phexton, Gruber? shows four processes
besides the dorsal one, 7. e., only tubercle iv lacking.®

Family Pieride.

In this family the tubercles are gone, the body covered with fine
short hairs. I have not examined the tubercles which are present
in the first stage. Edwards’s figures only indicate them.

Family Hesperide.

As in the Pieridze the tubercles are gone. The form of the larvee
is characteristic, with large head and small prothoracic segment.

1 See article by A. Gruber in Jena. Zeit. fiir Naturwissenschaft, vol. XVIII,
pp. 465-489 (1884).

2 Ibid.

3 In Heliconius and in Argynnis diana the whole row of unpaired dorsal
processes is lacking. A whole article might profitably be devoted to the
variation of the tubercles of Nymphalide.

Annats N. Y. Acap. Scr., VIII, May, 1894.—16

232 A Classification of Lepidopterous Larve.

Superfamily SATURNINA.

We have an unpaired dorsal tubercle on both the 8th and 9th
abdominal segments, the first corresponding to i, the second to ii,
as tubercle i is not present on the 9th segment. ‘The Citheroniide
is the most generalized family, tubercles i (on 8th abdominal seg-
ment), ii, iii, v, and vii being present in Citheronia splendens. In
the other genera the number of tubercles on the 8th segment is
reduced, usually by the removal of ii; but in Anisota, i has disap-
peared. It should be understood that I exclude the Lacosomide
from the Saturnina; otherwise I accept Prof. Comstock’s arrange-
ment.

Family Sphingide.

The position which I have assigned to this family is only tenta-
tive. The larve are so highly specialized that it is very difficult to
get any clue to their relationship. The only trace of the tubercles
that is left, is the ‘‘caudal horn,’ an unpaired dorsal process on the
8th abdominal segment. The view which I have adopted here, that
this horn represents the consolidated tubercle i of the Saturnina
has no more to support it than the other view that the horn repre-
sents the base of the unconsolidated pair of tubercles i, the tubercles
themselves having disappeared. The tendency to the formation of
this structure has been referred to in the case of the Notodontide
and Lasiocampide. This view would place the Sphingide at the
end of the Frenulum Conservers, next to the Lasiocampid in my
table; and I wish to state that, as far as I am able to judge from
the mature larvee, either position is equally supported.’

1 The larva in stage I, which I have excluded from consideration, is figured
by Weismann in the case of the European Deilephila euphorbie (Studies in the
Theory of Descent, Pl]. V, fig. 38), and sete are present. Unfortunately, the
figure appears to kave been made without sufficient care as regards the arrange-
ment of the tubercles. There is no description except ‘fou each segment there
are a number (mostly ten) of small warts, each of which emits a single bris-
tle.’ The figure represents all the tubercles present except iv, though v and
vi seem to be situated too high. On abdominal segment 8, the two sete of
tubercle i are borne on the apex of the caudal horn. If the structure of this
embryonic larva is to be trusted, the conclusion seems irresistable that the
alternative position which I suggest for the Sphingide is the proper one, and
not the one which I have adopted above, following the conclusions of Mr. A. R.
Grote (Canad. Entom., vol. XXII, p. 15), and of Prof. E. B. Poulton (Trans.

Ent. Soc. London, 1888, pp. 568-574).
>

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ANNALS

OF THE

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CONTENTS.

PAGE

V.—Reversal of Cleavage in a Sinistral Gasteropod. By Henry E.
CRAMPTON, JR. : 167

VI.—Certain New Derivatives in the Aromatic Series. By Harwoop
HountTINGTON ; - : ; 2 : ; Resto Reece! b/s

VII.—A Classification of Lepidopterous Larve. By Harrison G.
Dyar, 5S. B. é : ; : - 2 z 2 5 Rees eal):

‘ill. February, 1895.

ANNALS

OF THE

~NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES,

LATE

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PUBLISHED BY THE ACADEMY. |
1895.

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VIIIL—A Monograph of Scytonotus.

BY O. F. COOK AND A. C. COOK.
Read March 26, 1894.

As is the case with nearly all the extra-European genera of Di-
plopoda, and especially with the American, the more important
characters of Scytonotus have been misunderstood or entirely
overlooked. This is evidenced by the fact that all the European
writers who have touched upon the subject have either made
direct misstatements concerning the characters and affinities of
the genus, or have referred to it species having scarcely any im-
portant features in common with the typical form.

The genus is furthermore interesting in that its secondary
sexual characters show it to be the most specialized of the Poly-
desmidze—characters which seem to be entirely unmentioned in
the literature of the subject.

Genus SCYTONOTUS C. L. Koch.
Systems der Myriapoden.

Segments 19, covered with setiferous granules ; supplementary
margin pectinate ; repugnatorial pores on smooth, rounded eleva-.
tions of segments 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17; male genitalia bi-
hamate.

Body small, 5-6 times as long as broad ; cavity slightly depressed.

Antenne moderately clavate, third joint as long as the two preceding
joints taken together, joints in order of length: 3, 6, 5, 4, 2, 1, 7.

Mandibulary stipe with exposed surface divided by sutures into six
areas, five triangular, one trapezoidal.

Masticatory plate long triangular, with numerous (15-20) transverse
ridges.

ANNALS N. Y. Acap. Scr., VIII, Nov., 1894.—17

234 A Monograph of Scytonotus.

Dentate lamelle with four rounded teeth.

Pectinate lamellz six.

Mentum triangular-cordate, sub-equal in length and width, mod-
erately emarginate posteriorly, acute-angled anteriorly.

Cardo large, nearly half as long as the mentum.

Lingual lobes with few cones ; median lobe with styliform processes.

First segment sub-elliptical, narrower than either the head or the
second segment.

Anterior segments laterally curyed forward, the posterior with the
corners produced caudad; dorsal surface of all the segments densely
roughened with setiferous granulations more or less regularly arranged in
4-6 transverse rows.

Lateral carine narrow, + as wide as the body cavity, thick, granular-
serrate, reduced or obsolete on segments 6—9 in females,

Anterior sub-segments punctate.

Supplementary margins finely pectinate.

Repugnatorial pores opening dorsally on smooth elevations near the
posterior corners of segments 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 15, 15, 16, 17.

Anal segment tuberculate, decurved, acuminate, truncate at apex, with
four sete.

Anal valves with two setigerous tubercles, not placed on the raised
margin.

Pre-anal scale semi-elliptic, with segiterous tubercle on each side.

Legs of male much larger than those of female, some of them crassate
and specially modified for copulation ; second joint without spine ; joints
of normal legs in order of length: 6, 3, 2, 5, 4, 1; terminal joint inferiorly
tuberculate-serrate in male, the sub-terminal inferiorly papillate.

First pair of legs free, small and slender, the coxa longer than any
other joint except the last.

Second pair of legs free in female; of the same shape as the succeed-
ing ; coxa not specially modified.

Genitalia of female sub-spherical, external, protrusible.

Genitalia of male bi-hamate, the distal hamus articulated at base, beset
with fine laciniz ; basal joint expanded to receive the distal.

Segments of adult 19.

Distribution.—N ortheastern North America,

From Polydesmus this genus differs in having the dorsal sur-
face uniformly covered with small, setiferous granulations,
arranged in 4 to 6 rows; in having 19 less segments and no
pores on segments 18 and 19; the pores on rounded elevations.

From Brachydesmus it is distinct in the convex dorsum coy-
vered with sub-equal squame arranged in 4—6 transverse rows,
instead of having three rows, with the anterior squamz and those
of the carinze several times as large as the others.

A Monograph of Scytonotus. 235

From both genera the bi-hamate male genitalia, with the distal
joint articulated at base,are a diagnostic character, for the eighth
legs of the other genera are replaced by a single falcate structure.
Polydesmus and Brachydesmus are much more closely related to
each other than either is to Scytonotus.

Porat seems to think that this genus is closely related if not
identical with Brachydesmus, because of the 19 segments, but
this inference would seem unnecessary. It is evident, too, that
he takes an expansive view of generic limitations, necessary to
include his species Scytonotus digitatus, mentioned again below.
Wood had already recorded in his Monograph that the present
species has but 19 segments, with no pores on the last two. He
also pointed out the fact that the distal joint of the male genitalia
is articulated at base, but all European writers seem to have
ignored these observations.

Notwithstanding the fact that several species from different
parts of the world have been referred by their authors to Scyton-
otus, it seems probable that the genus as here described is mono-
typic, or at least confined to Northeastern North America.
Reasons for this view may be stated briefly in detail as follows :

Scytonotus Lavicollis C. L. Koch.

System der Myriapoden, p. 131.
Die Myriapoden, II., p. 41, fig. 163. .

This species seems to have been founded on an entirely insig-
nificant difference, as the author himself admits. <A large suite
of specimens from different localities shows that the roughness of
the first segment is subject to much variation, being usually less
in females (7)

Scytonotus nodulosus C. K. Koch.

System der Myriapoden, p. 131.
Die Myriapoden, II., p. 48, fig. 165

According to the original description this species has 31 legs
in the male, a unique condition of things unless the genitalia are
enumerated. The diagram gives 20 segments, and the dorsal
sculpture (three rows of scale like elevations, the anterior and

236 A Monograph of Scytonotus.

lateral larger) is such as to leave no doubt that the species
intended is one of a group of small North American forms with
20 segments, not yet separated from Polydesmus, but probably
more nearly related to Brachydesmus. That this latter genus
can be maintained solely upon the difference of one in the number
of segments would seem improbable, for this difference may be
reasonably ascribed to arrested development, and the small size
of the species with 19 segments gives force to the idea that they
are depauperate forms. Nevertheless, the number of segments in
the adult has never been known to vary in a species, and this fact.
gives it great importance.

Polydesmus (Scytonotus) arcticollis Peters.

Monatsber, d, Akad. f. Wissensch. zu Berlin (1864), p. 539.

This Venezuelan species is given as having 20 segments and a
pattern of dorsal sculpture very different from S. granulatus.
Peters himself afterward placed it in a new subgenus, 7’rachelo-
desmus.

Polydesmus (Scytonotus) caesius Karsch.

Troschel, Archiv. f. Naturgesch (1881), p. 42.

A New Zealand species, apparently having little affinity with
the American form, since the author says: “ Segmentis alatis
subglabris, medio serie transversa arearum subquadratarum cir-
cumcisarum ornatis.”

Polydesmus (Scytonotus) woodianus Humbert et Saussure.

Rev. et Mag. de Zool. (1869), p. 152.

A Mexican species with the dorsal surface wrinkled, a few
small flattened and scattered granules, broad, dentate carine, no
elevations for the repugnatorial pores, and 20 segments. In their
larger work on the Myriapoda of Mexico the authors have ignored
Scytonotus, even as a subgenus, and referred the species back to
Polyvdesmus. That their species is congeneric with P. complana-
tus of Europe cannot be reasonably maintained, and it seems to
have even less affinity with Scytonotus. Neither does it seem to

A Monograph of Scytonotus. 23

accord with any of the described genera, and future investigation

may result in the erection of a new genus for its reception.
e

Scytonotus cavernarus Bollman,

Entomologica Americana, Vol. III, p. 45.

“Allied to nodulosus Koch. Pure white throughout. Slender,
somewhat depressed, accuminate anteriorly. Antennz exceed-
ing the width of body, clavate. First dorsal plate elliptical,
angles sharp; scales arranged in five transverse series, anterior
row sharp, setigerous, all covered with fine granulations. Other
dorsal plates with all the lateral sides sharply and deeply four or
five toothed, scales arranged in four rows, the posterior row more
or less setigerous, on posterior segments the anterior row is not
very distinct. Repugnatorial pore scale ‘large and _ swollen.
Legs moderately long and slender.

“ Length of body, 11 mm.; width, 1.5 mm.

“ Habitat: Mayfield’s Cave, Bloomington, Indiana.

“This species is described from one female found in motion on
the floor of the above cave in October, 1886. As already stated,
this species is more nearly related to nodulosus, but as granula-
tus is the only species so far found in the vicinity of Blooming-
ton, I suppose it is descended from granulatus.”

The above original and only description of this species makes
its generic assignment a matter of doubt. Nodulosus, as has
been shown, is not con-generic with granulatus. That Mr. Boll-
man’s species is at once more nearly related to nodulosus, but
descended from granulatus necessarily involves the further infer-
ence that nodulosus and related species are likewise descended
from granulatus, for which supposition there seems not to be suf-
ficient ground. There is also nothing to indicate that Mr. Boll-
man counted the segments, and his animal may be a species of
Brachydesmus, the European species of which are largely caver-
nicolous.

Scytonotus setiger (Wood) Bollman.

Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. (1865) p. 214.
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. (1888) p. 340.

Mr. Bollman referred this species to Scytonotus probably be-
cause he recognized in it a congener of S. nodulosus Koch.

238 A Monograph of Scytonotus.

Scytonotus digitatus Porat.
Nya Bidrag till Skand. Halféns Myriap. (1889) p, 24.

This species was described from a conservatory in Sweden and
is, no doubt, exotic and probably tropical. Its characters are
certainly very remarkably different from those of Scytonotus, and
from any other described genus. Wesuggest that it be considered
the type of a new genus, under the name Poratia. The digitately
lobed carinz are a character sufliciently bizarre, but equally im-
portant as a means of distinguishing it from Scytonotus is the
fact that the 5th antennal joint is longest and thickest, followed
in length by the 6th, 2d, 4th, 8d,and 7th, and that the 2d joint of
the legs is nearly as long as the 6th.

Scytonotus granulatus (Say) Bollman.

Polydesmus granulatus Say.

Scytonotus scabricollis C. L. Koch,—System der Myriapoden, p. 130.—
Die Myriapoden II, p. 41, fig. 164.

Scytonotus levicollis C. L. Koch,—System der Myriapoden, p. 131.—Die
Myriapoden I], p. 43, fig. 165.

Scytonotus granulatus Bollman,—Entomologica Americana III, p. 46.

There can be little doubt that Polydesmus granulatus Say is
the animal described by C. L. Koch as Scytonotus scabricollis.
Say’s description includes several statements which could not
apply to any other known North American diplopod :

“ Body with short hair, pale tinged with red beneath, and feet
paler; head dusky with short dense hairs; /abrum whitish; seg-
ments somewhat convex, granulated, granules rounded, or longi-
tudinally oblong-oval, elevated, obtuse, approximate and arranged
transversely in about four nearly regular series, anterior segment
transversely oval, narrower than the head or second segment ;
stigmata elevated.

“ Found in Pennsylvania.”

Especially diagnostic are the number and arrangement of the
granules and the location of the repugnatorial pores. Like most
of the old descriptions, the above is very meagre and a more de-
tailed one will be in place.

Body 5-6 times as long as broad (fig. 65), subfusiform, narrowed very
gradually cephalad, very abruptly caudad, sub-depressed, above moder-
ately convex.

clay

A Monagraph of Scytonotus. 239

Vertex very minutely punctate, appearing smooth, rather densely hir-
sute with short hairs ; median furrow distinct, though not deep, extend-
ing slightly more than half to the antennal sockets; on each side a very
faint, somewhat arcuate, oblique line extends from the end of the median
furrow to the antennal sockets, indicating sutures which join that of the
median furrow ; the angles included between these three lines are sub-
equal, the lower slightly smaller than the others. These diagonal sutures
should probably be looked upon as the lines of demarcation between the
vertex and clypeus, as there is no trace of a suture lower down. Above
the antennal sockets the vertex is prominent, while laterad from them is
a sudden depression or broad groove. The dise like structure to be found
just above or outside of the antennal socket in most Polydesmidz is here
not apparent. Under good magnification the vertex furrow is seen to be
occupied by minute transverse wrinkles.

Clypeus somewhat less hirsute than the vertex, prominent between the
antenne, and especially on the sides below the antennal groove mentioned
above ; lower down the clypeus is flattened or with a broad shallow depres-
sion, and with fine transverse wrinkles. Along the lateral margins, below
the prominence is a sub-plane with a sharp edge, and just above the
labrum a transverse elevated one. A deep, curved incision extends from
the lateral margin nearly to the antennal socket, just above the lateral
prominence.

Labrum with two rows of bristles, 6-8 in the lower row, 4 in the upper ;
broadly and deeply emarginate, the emargination with three rounded
teeth, which do not project as far as the edges of the emargination.

Antennz rather densely pilose, 2.25-2.75 mm, long, third joint slightly
longer than the first two taken together; sixth joint much the thickest,
all but the first and last obconic.

Mandibulary stipes large, projecting laterally beyond the first segment,
above and posteriorly angled (see fig. 47); exposed surface divided by
sutures into 6 areas, of which 5 are triangular and 1 trapezoidal (figs. 48—-
49); masticatory plate elongated triangular, with numerous transverse
ridges closer together towards the small end (fig. 55). One side fringed
with denticulated processes (fig. 56). Under a high power the ridges are
seen to be pinnately branched, and toward the small end of the plate the
ridges become indistinguishable and pass gradually into a fine raised re-
ticulation (fig.57). Between the ridges, toward the large end the plate is
perforated by numerous round openings—possibly of the salivary ducts.

Dentate lamella with four rounded teeth, the margin beyond the teeth
with one or two indistinct notches (fig. 53).

Mentum pointed-cordate, slightly longer than broad, the surface tuber-
culate-papillose, a tew short bristles near the apex (fig. 50).

Stipes three times as long as their greatest width ; a transverse row of
long bristles anteriorly, a median area rather sparsely covered with some-
what shorter bristles extending nearly to the proximal end of the stipes.

Cardo irregularly trapezoidal, over twice as long as broad, External
process with 6-8 cones, the internal with 10-14 (fig. 51).

240 A Monograph of Scytonotus.

Lingual lamina more than three times as long as broad, with a few long
bristles. Lingual lobes large, somewhat broader than long, truncate
distad, 2-3 very small cones at the interior corner. Median lobe clavate,
truncate or acuminate at apex, or truncate below and acuminate above ;
on either side, near the apex, rises a styliform process, sometimes biden-
tate at apex (fig. 52).

First segment sub-elliptical, more arcuate in front, about twice as
broad as long, much narrower than the head or second segment ; surface
rough with setiferous granules of varying distinctness, sometimes the
central ones are nearly obliterated, sometimes all except the posterior row.

Second segment shortest, about half as long as the first, sub-lunate, the
ends longer than the middle, and embracing the first segment ; surface
very convex and rough with granules usually without evident regularity
of arrangement.

Subsequent segments gradually longer, the anterior projection of the
carine gradually disappearing, though the anterior corner is prominent
on nearly all the segments. Beginning with the fifth the posterior angle
becomes more and more prominent, especially on pore-bearing segments,
and on some of the candal segments takes the form of a triangular pro-
jection from the posterior margin. The granules become more regularly
arranged in five or six transverse rows ; the furrow in front of the third pos-
terior row is usually deeper than the others, and a somewhat pronounced
median furrow runs from it to the anterior margin of the subsegment.

Repugnatorial pores situated in a slight depression on top of the large
smooth sub-elliptical elevation at the corner of posterior segments and
nearer the middle of the lateral edge of the anterior.

Lateral carine thick, the edges granulate-serrate, smooth below; the
granules usually larger and irregularly arranged.

Supplementary margin (fig. 58) finely pectinate, the teeth transparent,
lance-like, simple or with a small tooth on one side, rarely on both. :

Anterior subsegments densely and minutely punctate; between the
subsegments a somewhat abrupt constriction,

Last segment the dorsal surface rough with spine-like, setiferous tuber-
cles, not arranged with regularity ; conic, decurved, truncate at apex, and
with four small pits from each of which rises a long bristle. On each
side above the apex is a larger tubercle (fig. 67).

Anal valves smooth or faintly wrinkled, the margins compressed,
elevated, a groove on either side, in which is located two setigerous
tubercles, one near the middle, the other near the upper corner.

Pre-anal scale much broader than long, sub-triangular with the apex
broadly truncate or rounded, on each side a tubercle from which rises a
long bristle, appressed to the anal valves.

Color horn-brown, some specimens with a decided tinge of cherry red,
others dirty white; extremities of antenne and legs colored like the
body, sometimes darker and sometimes lighter; ventral surface and
basal joints of legs and antenne pale.

Length 12-14 mm.; width 1.5-1.75 mm,

A Monograph of Scytonotus. 24]

Habitat: Among leaves and rotting debris in moist decidu-
ous woods of EKastern North America. Pennsylvania (Say); re-
ported by Dr. Wood from Pennsylvania, Michigan and Canada;
Mr. Bollman records it as abundant in Indiana. The writers
have collected specimens in the following places: Syracuse, N.
Y., and several places in the vicinity, Tully, Marcellus, James-
ville, Clyde and Wolcott, Wayne county, N. Y.; Lebanon, Pa.;
Washington, D. C.,and on the Virginia side of the Potomac near
Washington.

The species is seldom abundant, but in the right locations a
few specimens are usually to be found. At Lebanon, Pa.,a large
number of individuals were found among rotting leaves piled up
during high water near a brook. About a hundred specimens
form the basis of the present study. The proportions of the
sexes seem to be about equal.

Larval form: Six-legged larvee (fig. 70) of this species were
found near Wolcott, Wayne county, N. Y., in May of the pres-
ent year, among leaves on a wooded hill-side. They are sluggish
in their movements and might be mistaken for Lipure. In color
they are pure white. Like the larva of Polydesmus in the six-
legged conditions they have seven segments, with a repugnatorial
pore on the fifth. The first pair of legs is apparently attached
to the first segment. The legs seem to be six-jointed, as in the
adults, but the antennz have only four! joints. There are four
olfactory cones (also agreeing with Polydesmus?), and are pro-
portionally longer than in the adult. The third joint has on one
side a single marginal row of the finger-like sense-organs found
on the sixth joint of the adult. The fourth joint has the transpar-
ent cones and long hair of the seventh joint of the adult. This

1The antennz of the Helminthomorpha have, in reality, eight joints,
although nearly always reckoned as seven-jointed, the terminal being
reduced to a cap or disk bearing the four olfactory cones. Sometimes
this is retracted into the end of the seventh joint. In the larva under
examination the terminal is not so rudimentary as it afterward becomes.
From Rath’s diagram (Beitreege zur Kenntniss der Chilogathen, pl. 2,
fig. 24) it appears that this is to an even greater extent the case with
the European Polydesmus complanatus.

2 Heathcote (Philos. Trans. Royal Soc., London (1888), pl. 27, fig. 3)
figures the antennz of a six-legged Julus terrestris as 7-jointed (8 joints
with the terminal)and two olfactory cones. This difference is certainly
noteworthy if the figures referred to prove correct.

242 A Monograph of Scytonotus.

indicates that the additional joints are either intercalated between
the others or at base, probably the latter, for the second joint of
the larval antenna also has some of the finger-like sense-organs,
like the fifth joint of the adult.

There are five pectinate Jamelle, the number being constant in
the three individuals of which the mandibles were examined.

The styliform processes of the median lobe of the gnathochilar-
ium are much larger proportionately than in the adult, and are
tridentate as in Chordeumide. The cones of the processes of the
stipes are very few.

The greatest difference between the young and the adult is that
the former is covered with clavate, barbed, bristles (fig. 69).
Such have been reported as occurring on the embryo of Strongyl-
osoma guerint, but do not seem to have been noticed at a more
advanced stage. Both Rath and Packard have observed the six-
legged larva of Polydesmus,! and both report the bristles as
clavate, but do not mention that they are barbed, though the im-
portance of this latter fact would have doubtless been realized
on account of the attempt to conrect the Archepolypoda with
the modern Diplopoda by means of the barbed hairs of Polyxenus.
On the larval Scytonotus the hairs are more clavate dorsally,
on the sides and below becoming more and more of the usual
shape.

The four bristles of the apex of the last segment are also in
notable contrast to those of the adult, both in their great size
and large pedicels. All the hair-structures of the larva have
more or less of a raised base, except those of the legs and
antenne.

The larval claw is distinctly bifid, though the inside hamus is
very small (fig. 71). In the adult an exceedingly minute rudi-
ment of this may be found under a quarter-inch objective.

The larve measure 1.25 mm. in length,and .4 mm. in width. A
considerable number were found together, and they were probably
newly hatched.

1Dr, A, S. Packard has reported (American Naturalist, 1886, p. 651)
the six-legged larva of Polydesmus canadensis from Florida, as having
eight segments. We have not seen canadensis from the South, Other
similar species replace it there.

A Monograph of Scytonotus. 24

vo

Comparative Differences Between the Sexes.

1. The antenne of the female are shorter and more clavate than
those of the male (cf. figs. 40 and 41).

2. The legs of the female are about one-third shorter, and about
half as thick as those of the male (cf. figs. 1-29 and 30-39).
These differences are sufficient to make the sexes distinguishable
at sight, the female appearing much more slender, though the
diameter of the body is not less than in males.

The size and shape of the first pair of legs is nearly the same
in the two sexes (cf. figs. 1 and 3), and the coxal joint is in both
cases densely papillose, except on its posterior face. The differ-
ence in size between the sexes begins to appear in the second legs,
whose coxze are papillose on the outer face in both sexes. Oc-
casionally the cox of other male legs show a slight roughening
of the outer face.

3. The pedigerous lamine of females are much broader than
those of males (fig. 62), a partial compensation for the shortness
of the female legs.

Secondary Sexual Characters of Males.

1. Legs 13-20,! inclusive, are more or less conspicuously dif-
ferent from the others, some of the joints being more crassate
and otherwise modified. The legs increase in size gradually
from the Ist to the 13th, the penultimate joint of which is much
inflated, as is also that of the 14th, 19th and 20th, and to a less
degree that of the 15th, 16th, 17th and 18th. The 21st legs are
apparently different from the 12th. The legs behind the 21st pair
are gradually more slender and slightly shorter. In the legs
which are most modified, the 13th, 14th, 19th and 20, the last
joint is shorter than the normal, the penultimate being hyper-
trophied.

2. The ventral face of the distal portion of the second joint is
papillose on the 18th, 19th and 20th legs. The papille are few-
est on the 18th and most numerous on the 19th, on which also
the papillose surface is considerably elevated, the same condition
obtaining on the 20th, but to a less degree.

1The drawings of the male legs are numbered as they occur on the
animal,

244 A Monograph of Scytonotus.

3. The ventral face of the third joint is more or less papillose
on legs 3-7, 9-12, and 18-29. The papille are few on legs 3-12,
and are confined to the distal part of the joint. On the 18th legs
there is a papillose area near the middle of the joint, while on the
19th and 20th the roughened surface is large and prominent,
with more scattered papille covering a large part of the ventral
face of the joint. On legs 21-29 the papille are about the same
as on 3-12, becoming gradually fewer and smaller. The absence
of papille on legs 13-17 is noteworthy, considering the fact that
these legs are much modified in other respects.

4. The third joint of legs 19 and 20 is stouter than that of the
others and has its distal margin noticeably more oblique, condi-
tions probably correlated with special roughness of the joints of
these legs.

5. The fourth joint is papillose on its inner face on all the legs
except numbers | and 13-17, which have the third joint also
smooth.

6. The fourth joint of legs 19 and 20 is shorter, broader, and
more papillose than the others.

7. On legs 13-18 and 21-23 the apical margin of the fourth
joint is very oblique, probably to make it possible to flex the
enlarged fifth joint. Thus the oblique margin of the fourth joint
of these legs corresponds functionally to that of the third joint
of legs 19 and 20, or in other words, the fourth joint of legs 19
and 20 has become a part of the fifth, while that of legs 13-18 and
21-23 is functionally more like a part of the third. The peculiar
form and the abundance of papille on the fourth joint of legs 19
and 20 give force to this suggestion. Transitions between the
two types of arrangement are not wanting, for legs 18 and 21-23
gradually shade off into the normal form. When, however, we
compare 13 with 20 there can be no doubt that the necessity of
special provision for flexing the abnormally crassate joints has
been met in two different ways.

8. The ventral face of the fifth joint of all the legs is papillose,
except that the roughening is nearly or quite obsolete on the first
pair. On legs 13-20 the roughened surface is much more
extensive.

9. Legs 13-20 have the ventral face of the fifth joint much in-
flated, most on the 13th, and slightly less on the 14th, 19th and
20th. The prominent papillose surface is much longer on the

A Monograph of Scytonotus. 245

19th and 20th than on the other legs, this being allowed by the
conformation of the third and fourth joints.

10. On the posterior face of the distal part of the fifth joint of
the 15th-18th legs is a protuberance, very large and curved on
the 15th, gradually smaller on the 14th, 15th, 16th and 17th, in-
conspicuous or wanting on the 18th.

11. Rising from the anterior face of the distal part of the 19th
and 20th legs is a similar large protuberance.

12. On the ventral side of the sixth joint of all the legs except
the Ist and 2d pairs there are three or more rows of 11-14 coarse,
rounded, conic teeth, each of which is extended on the distal side
into a long bristle. Similar structures occur on the males of
Polydesmus, the tubercles being larger and less numerous.

Secondary Sexual Characters of Females.

1. The coxe of 2d pair of legs are ventrally inflated and densely
papillose, and are separated by a median prolongation of the
pedigerous lamina.

2. The pedigerous lamina is prolonged between the legs of the
third pair, and is medianly deeply lobed and papillose.

3. The first, second and third joints of all the legs are more or
less papillose on the dorsal face, the papillee being more and more
obscure on the legs of the last few segments. :

4. The carinz of segments eight and nine, and usually of one
or two adjacent segments are much reduced or entirely wanting,
causing the female to appear much more slender. The reduction
or absence of carinz is no doubt correlated with the special modi-
fication of the 13th and immediately following legs of the male,
for in copulation these legs clasp the segments mentioned.

The above secondary differences between the sexes are in many
respects the greatest known to occur in the present sub-class.
The genitalia of Polydesmide are, of course, much less complex
than those of the other families of the Helminthomorpous group,
but one pair of legs being transformed for this purpose, while in
the Lulide two are used, and in the Chordeumidz sometimes as
many as four pairs. In the Chordeumide, also, the secondary
modifications are in some cases very considerable, but are almost
entirely confined to the legs in front of the genitalia, and special
adaptations of legs far behind the genitalia do not appear. It is,

246 A Monograph of Scytonotus.

however, in comparison with other Polydesmide, that the high
degree of specialization of Scytonotus becomes apparent.

To have the legs of males larger and stronger than those of
females is a character general, if not universal, in Polydesmide.
There are, too, among the difierent genera different contrivances
to assist in copulation, for example, in Fontaria the claw of the
male leg is proportionally much larger and longer than in the
female, and strongly decurved (figs. 44-45), while in Oxydesmus
(figs. 42-43) the claw is decidedly shorter in the males.

Some of the special structures, such as the tuberculation of the
distal joint of the legs of males, Scytonotus has in common with
Polydesmus and Paradesmus,! but in none of the genera is there
known to occur any such abrupt and apparently abnormal modi-
fications of shape and structure as are exhibited by the legs of the
13th—20th pairs, much less any corresponding adaptation of the
female as the atrophy of the carine; in fact, no similar case
seems to have been noted among the Diplopoda.

Huntington, N. Y., 15 August, 1895.

11n Polydesmus the tubercles are more knob-like than in Scytonotus,
they appear on the three distal joints of the legs, and are seta-tipped, as
in Scytonotus. In Paradesmus the tubercles are to be found on four
joints, are conic, and without sete.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE VI.
Scytonotus granulatus.

Figs. 1-21.—Legs of the male, the number of the figures correspond-
ing to that of pair.

Fig. 8.—Genitalium of male, median face.

Fig. 13a.—The 13th leg, joints 3-5, posterior face.

Fig. 13b.—The same, with joint 6, dorsal face.

ir, et

A Monograph of Scytonotus. 247

PLATE VII.

Scytonotus granulatus.

Figs. 22-29.—The remaining male legs.

Figs. 30-35.—Legs of the female pairs, 1-6 respectively.
Figs, 36-39.—Legs of the female pairs, 26-29.

Fig. 40.—The antenna of the male.

Fig, 41.—Antenna of female.

Oxydesmus sp.

. 42.—Claw of male.

Fig. 45.—Claw of female.

Fontaria trimaculata.

Fig, 44.—Claw of male.
Fig. 45.—Claw of female.

PLATE VIII.

Scytonotus granulatus.

Fig, 46.—Labrum, showing the two rows of bristles.

Fig. 47.—Parts of first segment, vertex and mandibulary stipes. Supe-
rior-posterior view.

Fig. 48.—Mandibulary stipes, lateral face.

Fig. 49.—Same, ventral face.

Fig. 50.—Gnathochilarium, with hypostoma.

Fig. 51.—Same, distal part, interior face.

Fig. 52.—The median lobe of gnathochilarium, with styliform pro-
cesses.

Fig. 53.—Mandible.”

Fig. 54.—First four segments of the female, ventral view. The head
has been removed. The pedigerous lamine of the first and second pairs
of legs are free. On the third segment are the female genitalia, their
aperature at the lateral edge of the diagram.

Fig. 55.—The masticatory plate.

Fig. 56.—Fringed processes from the edge of the masticatory plate near
the base, much magnified.

Fig. 57.—The apex of the masticatory plate, much magnified.

Fig. 58.—The supplementary margin.

Fig. 59.—End of antenna, much magnified, showing the sense-organs
of the three distal joints.

248 A Monograph of Scytonotus.

PLATE IX,

Scytonotus granulatus.

Fig. 60.
in situ.

Fig. 61.—Same, the distal joints of genitalia bent downward (back-
ward), showing the concavities of the expanded basal joint, in which
the distal joints are partially concealed,

Fig. 62.—Diagrammatic cross-sections of the eighth segment of the
two sexes.

Seventh segment of male, ventral face, showing the genitalia

Polydesmus canadensis.

Fig. 63,—Diagrammatic cross-sections of the two sexes.

Scytonotus granulatus.

Fig. 64.—Three terminal segments, with anal valves and anal scale,
lateral view.

Fig. 65.—Dorsal view of entire animal.

Fig. 66.—Segments 6-11 of female, showing the atrophied carine of
the eighth and ninth segments.

Fig. 67.—Terminal segments ventral view.

Fig. 68.—Terminal segments of the six-legged larva,

Fig. 69.—Barbed hairs from the six-legged larva.

Fig. 70.—Six-legged larva.

Fig. 71.—Clawof same.

/.
4

IX.— The South American Cat-fishes Belonging to Cornell
University.*

BY EDWARD M. KINDLE.
Read October 22, 1894.

Some years ago the late Charles Frederick Hartt made a col-
lection of fishes in Brazil, which he gave to Cornell University.
Through the courtesy of Dr. B. G. Wilder this collection was
transmitted to Dr. Eigenmann for identification. The cat-fishes
in it were turned over to me for determination. In the identifi-
cation of these I have used the ‘‘ Revision of the South American
Nematognathi,” by C. H. and R.S. Eigenmann. I am indebted
to Dr. Eigenmann for the use of his library and for assistance in
the identification of doubtful species.

The collection contains nineteen genera and twenty-seven
species, distributed among three families : Siluridz, Loricariidex,
Callichthiide, and their sub-families. It has yielded two new
species. One of these belongs to the genus Hassar. The name
wilderi is proposed for it in honor of Prof. Wilder. It is repre-
sented by four specimens from the Tocantins River. The other
hew species belongs to the genus Hemiancistrus. It has been
named longipinnis, in reference to the long dorsal.

The collection is mainly from the Amazon and its tributaries.
The fish fauna of the Amazon is very similar to that of the Ori-
noco on the north and the LaPlata on the south. This is
explained by the fact that these three river systems are con-
nected through their tributaries. The only genus which was
considered peculiar to the LaPlata fauna is Cochliodon. I find
this genus represented in the collection by four specimens from

* Contributions from the Zoélogical Laboratory of the Indiana Univer-
sity. No. IV.

ANNALS N, Y. Acap, Sct., VIII, Jan., 1895.—18

250 The South American Cat-fishes

Marajo, near the mouth of the Amazon; there is, therefore, now
no genus known to be peculiar to the LaPlata. These specimens
which belong to the species Cochliodon cochliodon are of par-
ticular interest, inasmuch as the genus and species has heretofore
been known only from the types in the Museum of Vienna.

From the Rio San Francisco there are but four specimens—all
of a species common to the mouths of the east coast rivers of
Brazil. The rivers of south-eastern Brazil, which Dr. Higenmann
has shown to have a fish fauna distinct from that of the Amazon
on the north and the LaPlata on the south, are not represented
in the collection.

Lake Titicaca is represented by a single specimen, Pigidium
rivulatum, collected by Mr. 8. Garman. This species with Rham-
dia quellen are the only cat-fishes found in Lake Titicaca. Both
of these are alpine forms characteristic of the mountain streams
of the Peruvian Andes.

SILU RIDA.
PIMELODIN&.

1. Rhamdia sebze kneri (Steind.) One specimen. Marajo on
Tocantins.

2. Pimelodelia cristatus (Mill. & Troch.) One specimen,
Brazil.

3. Pimelodus clarias (Bloch.) 1754, 1755, 1756, 1738, 1739,
amare

4. Hemisorubim platyrhynchos (Cuv. & Val.) 1750, 1751.
Para.

5. Pseudopliatystoma fasciatum (Linn.) 1716. Para.

DORADIN A.

Analysis of the genera of Doradine.

a. Barbels all simple.
b. Eye in the anterior portion of the head; snout depressed; teeth
well developed.

c. Humeral processes much shorter and weaker than the coracoid
process. No adipose dorsal; gillopenings greatly reduced, Clay-
icle and coracoid forming a large shield below.

Physopyxis Cope.

Belonging to Cornell University. 251

ec. Humeral process much longer and stronger than the coracoid
process ; lateral plates not meeting on the back in front of a point
midway between the dorsal fims.............. Doras Lacépéde.
bb. Eye in the middle or behind the middle of the head.
Oxydoras Kner.
aa. Barbels not simple, maxilary and sometimes mental barbels fringed.
Eye large ; teeth rudimentary or absent.
d. Lateral scutes well developed from the dorsal plate backward.
Hemidoras Bleeker,
dd. Lateral scutes rudimentary on the anterior half of the body or
none ; a subdermal stay connects the dorsal plate with the tip of the
humeral process, a similar one connects the tip of the dorsal with the
post-temporal, to which the stay is firmly joined. Snout long and
pointed; head compressed; lower profile straight, upper profile
strongly arched. Humeral process broad, rounded behind. Numer-
ous pores in the axil giving a sieve-like appearance.
Hassar E. & E.
6. Doras dorsalis Cuy. & Val. 1702, 1729, ——. Three speci-
mens.
7. Doras spinosissimus E. & E. 1729. Brazil.
8. Doras weddellii Castl. 1706, 1707, 1708, 1709, 1727. Marajo.
9. Doras costatus (Linn.) 1747. Trocero on Tocantins.
10. Oxydoras niger (Val.) 1700, 1701, 1719. Para.

Analysis of the Species of Hassar.

a. Dorsal with a conspicuous black spot.
b. Seapula covered with skin; black spot on dorsal not extending to

MP Per MMAroinu Ol WVETAOLAMC An) .2) cise) ore) svete ee tae orestes (Steind.)

bb. Scapula granular; black spot extending to upper margin of mem-
DL QING Perrine svar en Metae eta Cn cievenevtoleraieleceic isis, Oeteree re alors wilderi sp. nov.

aa. Dorsal without black spot; dusky at tip. ......... affinis (Steind.)

11. Hassar orestes (Steind.) 1733, 1754, 1735, 1736, 1787, 1741,
1742, 1743, 1744, 1745, 1746, 1747, 1748, Itaituba, Brazil.

12. Hassar wilderi sp. nov.

Body subterete, highest below the dorsal spine, tapering backward, the
depth everywhere greater than the width. Head rather loag ; higher than
wide, snout pointed, the profile not very steep from dorsal spine to the
eye, thence much steeper forward, the space in front of the anterior nostril
slightly concave. Bones of the head finely granular.

Supraclavicle with its distinct dermal ossification not meeting the hu-
meral process, its surface finely granular. Fontanel narrow, as long as
the eye, its center over the pupil; a bridge across its posterior half.

Eye large, placed high and far back midway between posterior margin
of the dorsal plate and tip of the snout, measuring to the orbital rim 13

252 The South American Cat-fishes

to 27 in snout, 3 to 33 in the head, the interorbital width about 14 in the
orbital diameter.

Maxillary barbels reaching the gill openings, or beyond, except in the
old ; all the barbels united by a membrane ; the mental barbels short, their
bases thickened and covered with short fleshy cirri.

Snout covered with skin; posterior nares about equidistant between
the anterior nares and the eye, the anterior nares about equidistant be-
tween the eye and tip of the snout ; mouth very small, wholly inferior ; a
very small patch of villiform teeth on each intermaxillary, a larger patch
on each dentary bone. Gill openings rather wide, the isthmus about
equal to the orbital diameter. Coracoid bones covered with skin.

Lateral scutes low, highest above the anal, their height about } the
orbital diameter, gradually becoming smaller each way. Each scute with
a median hook.

Distance of the dorsal fin from the snout 23 to 23 in the length; dorsal
spine 14 to 1} in the head, serrate on both margins, most coarsely on the
inner, the sides triate. Interdorsal space 8 to 33 in the length.

Caudal fin forked, it rays leathery ; accessory rays 10 or 11, the last
forming a small plate above and below on the caudal peduncle, the long-
est rays 15 to 1} in the head ; upper lobe of caudal longest.

Anal slightly emarginate, its highest rays 2 to 23 in the head.

Ventrals not reaching the anal, about two in the head.

Pectoral spine strong, serrate on both margins, most coarsely on the
inner ; sides striate.

Numerous small pores in the axil and beneath the lower margin of the
humeral process as in the other species of this genus. Humeral process
broad and strong, reaching little beyond the middle of the pectoral spine,
its surface striate.

Color dark above, lighter below ; dorsal fin with a black spot on the
upper half extending from the spine to the third ray. Pectorals and
anal usually with minute dots. Pectorals dusky above, lighter below.
1705, 1704, 1705,

Trocera on Tocantins, Brazil. Four specimens. Collected by
C. F. Hartt.

A UCHENIPTERIN A.
13. Trachycorystes striatulus (Steind.) Six specimens. 1710.
1711, 1712, 17138, 1714, ——. Rio San Francisco and Marajo.

AGENEIOSINA.
14. Agemeiosus valenciennesi Bleeker. 1730. Brazil.

PYGIDIID A.

15. Pygidium rivulatum (Cuy. & Val.) One specimen. Lake
Titicaca.

Belonging to Cornell University. 253
e

LORICARIID &.

LOoRICARIINA.

16. Loricaria laeviuscula Cuv. & Val. 1696, 1697. Itaituba,
Brazil.

17. Loricaria stubelii Steindachner. 1698. Two specimens.
Marajo.

PLECOSTOMIN.

18. Plecostomus emarginatus Cuv. & Val. 1690, 1694, Tro-
cero on Tocantins (?).

19. Plecostomus plecostomus (Linn.) 1687, 1688, 1689, 1695,
1678, ——, ——. Seven specimens. Marajo on Tocantins.

Key to the Species of Hemiancistrus.

a. Anal rays four. Head depressed, without prominence in the occipital
region, as broad as long; its length 3 in the total. Diameter of the
eye 2} in the interorbital region. Caudal forked, lobes pointed.

trinitatis (Giinth).
aa, Anal rays five.

b. Interorbital very broad, its width five times the diameter of the eye ;
eye 10 in the head. Head much depressed, longer than broad.
Interoperculum contains three kinds of spines, about twelve stiff
slender spines slightly hooked, surrounded by a ring of setiform
spines. The pectoral fins extend beyond the middle of ventral, and
ventral beyondithe anal = sec. -2e- cares os heteracanthus (Giinth).

bb, Interorbital moderate, its width containing 14 to 3 times the diam-
eter of the eye. =
ec. Body with light longitudinal bands ; fins with bluish cross bands.

Occiput with a slight prominence. Diameter of eye 23 in inter-

Ors OPE ee aA hin Smee citracian, tacks Micha Co COCR CRS .itacua (Val).
ec. Body without light longitudinal bands ; fins without bluish cross
bands.

d, Interorbital with a pair of shallow grooves. Eye 5 in the
head, more than one-half of interorbital. Head but little
depressed. Scutes of body without keel, but with vertical
series of spines ; the anterior scutes with one series, the middle
with two, and the posterior with three series. IL. 1. 23.

megacephalus (Giinth).

dd. Interorbital without a pair of shallow grooves.

e. Caudal obliquely truncated.
f. Pectorals extend to base of ventrals.

bo
Gr
rs

The South American Cat-fishes

g. Scutes of body without keels. Head. much depressed,
a little longer than broad. Occipital and nuchal regions
flat. Snout broad, granulated except at tip. Diameter
of eye equals 3 of the interorbital. .schomburgki Giinth.

ff. Pectorals extend to middle of ventrals almost.

h. Scutes of body with prominent serrated keels. Head
large, broader than long, 33 in total. Orbit elevated.
Interorbital rather concave. Eye large, its diameter
equals distance to posterior edge of the head and more
than 4 of interorbital. Base of dorsal equals its distance
from caudal. Pectoral ray covered behind with seti-
FOLM-SPUNSS: Poaceae ry. dak te se ee orion medians (Kner).

hh, Seutes of body without keels. Head large, little
longer than broad. Base of dorsal very long, equals
nearly twice the distance from the caudal to the dorsal.
First ray of pectoral covered with small hooked spines
toward the tip. Eye 2+ in interorbital, 52 in head.
Dorsal and caudal fins and body covered with small
WHILEHSPOUS!S osieisis cre sesso sieheies Slcters erie longipinnis sp. noy.

ee. Caudal not truncated, lobes of equal length.

i, Lower lobe of caudal strongest. Body covered with round
black spots. Head not depressed, broad as long, length in
total 34. Interoperculum with about 16 setiform spines,
longest 3 in the head, Pectoral reaches nearly to middle
of ventral. Hye 2 in interorbital. L. 1. 26.

obligospilus (Ginth).

_e

ii. Upper and lower caudal lobes of equal strength. Body
without spots. Head short and high. Width at opercles
one ocular diameter less than greatest length. Pre-
opercle with numerous slender spines. Orbital diameter
as long as barbel, 2} to 3} in snout, 5 to 64 in head, 2 to 24
in-imberorbital ecm wersecletes cisco cre vittatus (Steind).

aaa. Anal rays six.
j. Dorsals 1-7.
k. Lateral scutes keeled, caudal obliquely truncated.

1, Eye 3 in interorbital ; head with prominence on occiput. Keels
on lateral scutes serrated. Head much depressed, length
equals 3 of total. Keels on lateral scutes serrated. Lower lobe
of caudal } longer than upper. Interopercle with 15-18 seti-
formespiness) lis) .20—2Osereerare erase scaphirhynchus (Kner).

ll. Eye 13 in interorbital. Head without prominence.
m. Dorsal a little longer than high. Snout granulated except
at tip. Upper surface of head and body with rather irreg-
WEE AMON MAN NOM GoaaonoduoaHeacgencood pictus (Kner).

es

Belonging to Cornell University. 255

mm. Dorsal much longer than high ; color brown.
brachyurus (Kner),

kk. Lateral scutes not keeled ; caudal forked.
n. Seutes striated.
Eye 24 in interorbital. Pectoral spine extends beyond the base of
ventral fin. Lobes of caudal much pointed.
guacharote (Cuy. & Val).

nn. Seutes spiny, spines in lines; eye 3 in interorbital. Post
humeral ridge obtuse. Dorsal fin nearly as high as long.
Lower lobe of caudal longest. Color olive. Four or five black
spots along each dorsal ray............... mystacinus (Kner).

jj. Dorsal 1-8.

o. Eye 6 in interorbital, 15 in head. Seutes with granulated keels.
Bristles studding first ray of pectoral spine at middle very long,
shorter at base. Snout very obtuse and rounded. Granulated
crests on three intermediate rows of scales. Width of head 33 in
total length, greater than length of head. Lobes of caudal
DOIMTC ey Nap cveterevers tea oles aratiaiele oy aitees e-aete ew *histrix (Cuv. &. Val).

oo. Eye less than 6 in interorbital, and less than 15 in the head.
Keels on scutes not granulated.

p. Black spots on all parts of body. Head, scutes, and outer fin

rays covered with spines. Pectoral not longer than the head.

Snout depressed and rather long....... spinosus (Castelnau)

pp. No black spots.

q. Pectoral spine covered with long hook-like bristles and ex-
tending somewhat beyond the base of the ventral. Snout
broad and elongate. Interopercle with about 15 setiform
spines. _Scutes of body covered with spines, longest along
the middle, Wead large and depressed, equals 3 in the body.

serratus (Cuv. & Val).

qq. Pectoral spine covered with short, hook-like bristles,
extending to second third of ventral. Ventral spine as long
as that of pectoral fin. Eye 24 in interorbital, 8 in head.
Scutes of body each with three or four prominent spines.
Each jaw has six or seven stoutish teeth on each side; each
has a lobe on the outer side rather distinct from the flat
CHO. Gia AS Soin OOOO G Chie Obie ORR ORO Cn Omer rc fordi (Giinther).

20. Hemiancistrus vittatus (Steiud.) One specimen. Marajo.
21. Hemiuancistrus Longipinmis sp. nov.

Body heavy forward, somewhat compressed. Head broad, breadth
about equal to length and nearly twice the depth. Occipital shield
shaped, bordered by a single nuchal plate. Plates in front of and below

* HT. histrix probably belongs here. Not haying access to a full description, or speci-
men, I am unable to learn the number of anal and dorsal rays.

256 The South American Cat-fishes.

the eyes loosely connected, so that these parts are soft. Interorbital
region flat. An obtuse ridge extends from the margin of the interorbital
nearly to the snout. A similar ridge extends from the orbit slightly past
the nares. Distance between the nares equal to length of orbit. Head
and snout hispid. Eye 2+ in interorbital, 3} in snout, 52 in the head.
Length of head in body about 3.

Dorsal long, length of base equals six times the distance between the
adipose and dorsal,

Caudal obliquely truncated ; lower lobe produced.

Pectoral spine strong, reaching nearly to middle of ventrals, covered
with short recurved hooks.

Ventral surface with a patch of granulated scutes opposite the base of
each pectoral spine and larger patches posterior to these along the sides ;
a few scutes are scattered over the posterior part of the ventral region
back of and between the ventrals, also a round patch between the pectoral
patches.

Lower lip with numerous papille, not notched. Barbels equal } of
interorbital diameter.

Preopercle with about 35 hooked spines ; the longest equals about cne
and a half times the orbital diameter.

Teeth with tips divided into nearly equal lobes.

Rays and connecting membrane of dorsal covered with numerous small
white spots; the other fins and the body similarly, but less distinctly
spotted. L. 1.25; D.1-7; A.5: V.6. Length 20 cm.

Trocera on Tocantins. One specimen.

22. Cochliodon cochiiodon Kner. 1677, 1681, 1686, ——. Four
specimens. Marajo, Brazil. ;

23. Panaque nigrolineatus (Peters). 1691. Brazil.

24. Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau). 1683,1693. Brazil.

25. Ancistrus cirrhosus dubius E. & E. One specimen. Brazil.

26. Amcistrus lLeucosticus (Giinther). One specimen. Lower
Amazon.

CALLICHTHIID A.

27. Callichthys callichthys (Linn.). 1667, Trocera on Tocan-
tins. (?)
28. Hoplosternum Littorale (Hancock). 1731, 1732. Brazil.

29. Hoplosternum thorocatum (Cuv. & Val.). 1668. Itaituba,
Brazil.

X.—The South American Characinide Collected by Charles
Frederick Harti.*

BY ALBERT B. ULREY.
Read October 22, 1894.

The present paper is based on the Characinide collected by
Charles Frederick Hartt in Brazil. The collection was made
during the summer of 1870 and presented to Cornell University,
the material remaining unidentified until the present. Some of
the species in this list have been described by Eigenmann and
Kigenmann from the collections of the Thayer expedition at Har-
vard University since this collection was made. There still
remain seven new species, four of them belonging to the genus
Tetragonopterus.

For convenience of identification I have made keys to the
the genera Cheirodon, Aphiocarax and Tetragonopterus. I have
not had a sufficient number of specimens to determine the extent
of variations in these genera. Some of the species will prob-
ably be found to be synonyms, but on account of the insufficient
material at my disposal, and the incompleteness of many descrip-
tions these species have for the present been retained. <A natural
grouping of the species is not claimed for the keys, the foremost
purpose being to facilitate identification. I have, however, used
those characters which are of most value in determining relation-
ships when such were known and could readily be used in identi-
fication.

It is hoped that the keys and appended synopsis will materially
reduce the labor of identifying species of Tetragonopterus. I
can scarcely hope that they are entirely free from errors, and in
some parts they must of necessity be imperfect. It is believed,

* Contributions from the Zoélogical Laboratory of the Indiana Univer-
sity, under the direction of Carl H. Eigenmann, No. VIII.

258 The South American Characinidzx

however, that they will make less formidable the task of unravel-
ing the numerous tangled places in the Tetragonopterine when a
collection of sufficient material is at hand to attempt this.

I am indebted to Dr. and Mrs. Eigenmann for much of the
synonymy which they had collected for a revision of the Chara-
cinidee and which they placed at my disposal, and also for the
free use of their extensive library on South American Fishes.

The specimens examined belong to the Museum of Cornell
University. Series of the duplicates have been deposited through
Dr. B. G. Wilder in the museums of Indiana University and of
Leland Stanford University.

ERYTHRININ &.

1. Macrodon malabaricus (Bloch).

Eigenmann and EKigenmann. Proce Cal. Acad. Sci., 2d Ser., II., 102,
1889; Eigenmann, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1894 (Rio Grande do Sul).

Rio das Velhas, four specimens; Brazil, four; Marajo, two ; Braret,*
two ; Bahia, one.

These specimens show the usual variations of this species in
degree of light or darkness due to the different localities, the
color markings, canine and palatine teeth, lingual patches and
scales in the lateral line.

2. Erythrinus unitaeniatus Spix.

Higenmann and Eigenmann. Proc, Cal, Acad. Sci, 2d Ser., II., 105,
1889,

Brazil, two specimens.

.. Erythrinus erythrinus (Bloch & Schneider).

Eigenmann and Higenmann, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 2d Ser., II., 107,
1889,

Fall of Rio Tapajos, ten specimens ; Lower Amazon, four specimens.

The humeral spot is band-like; the caudal spot ocellate, a whit-
ish oblique bar on the hinder part of the dark brown opercle.

4. Pyrrhulina semifasciata Steindachner,

Eigenmann and Eigenmann, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 2d Ser., II., 110,
1889.

Para, Brazil, fifty specimens ; Brazil, one specimen.

The intermaxillary has three series of teeth; the middle row
strongest at the middle of the mouth, the inner row of 6 or T
small teeth some distance from the second, pointing inward.

*The name Braret occurs on many labels; so far I haye not been able to determine
whether it is a locality or the name of a collector.

Collected by Charles Frederick Hartt. 259

This inner row of teeth is not mentioned by Steindachner or
Higenmann and Higenmann, but from the fact that all the other
characters agree so closely, and that I was able to discover them
only with the compound microscope and direct sunlight, I infer
they were overlooked. The dark band does not extend much or
any beyond the opercle.

5. Pyrrhulina nattereri Steindachner.

Eigenmann and Higenmann, Proc, Cal. Acad. Sci., 2d ser., II., 112,
1889.

Lower Amazons, Three specimens.

CURIMATIN A.

6. Curimatus guntheri Eigenmann and Eigenmann. Annals N.
Y. Acad. Sci., [V., 15, 1886.
Braret, two specimens ; Brazil, one specimen.

7. Curimatus microcephalus Eigenmann and Eigenmann. An-
nals N. Y. Acad. Sci., IV., 15, 1889.
Itaituba, six specimens ; Braret, five specimens.

8. Curimatus plumbeus Eigenmannand EKigenmann. Annals N.
Y. Acad. Sci., IV., 17, 1889.
Para, four specimens.

9. Curimatus isognathus Eigenmann and Eigenmann. Annals
IN; Y. Acad. Sci., LV., 20, 1889. e

Para, two specimens ; Marajo, two specimens; Tocantins, one speci-
men; Trocera on Tocantins, four specimens ; Brazil, six specimens.

10. Curimatus cyprinoides (Linnezus).
Kigenmann and Eigenmann, Annals N. Y. Acad. Sci., IV., 21, 1889.
One specimen from Trocera on Tocantins.

11. Curimatus sp.?
Marajo, five specimens in bad condition.

12. Prochilodus vimboides Heckel in MS.

Kner. Denkschr. Wien. Acad. 1858, XVII., p. 12, taf. 2, fig. 4; Giinther,
Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 294, 1864; Steind., Siisswf. Siiddéstl., Bras., 33,
1874 (Rio Parahyba; Rio Mucuri; Rio Muriahe ; Rio Doce); Eigenm. &
Higenm., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIV., 48, 1891.

Brazil, one specimen partially macerated. Head 33, depth 3, scales

3-35-5.

13. Prochilodus brama Cuy. and Val.

Cuv. and Val. XXII., 82; Castein. Anim. Amer. Sud. Poiss, 62, pl. 31,
fig. 2, 1855 (Tocantins in province Para) ; Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus.
V., 296, 1864; Peters Mb., Ak. Wiss. Berl., 1877, 472 (Calobozo),
Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 48, 1891.

260 The South American Characinide

Body rather deep, compressed, the dorsal outlines rising rapidly to the
dorsal fin. Head wide, its greatest width three-fifths of its length. The
upper lip projects somewhat beyond the lower, snout 3} in the head. Eye
1} in the interorbital space, 23 in the head and ] in the snout. Dorsal fin
high, marked with black spots arranged in several irregular bands. The
caudal fin is marked with three oblique dark bands on each lobe. The
anal not evidently marked, the three anterior rays spinous, |

Color silvery, the upper part of the body darker. The scales closely
imbricated, the exposed part deeper than long. The upper part of each
scale darker colored than the lower part, thus forming alternating dark
and light horizontal lines, more evident below the lateral line.

Radial formula D. I. 11, A. 11-12; scales 1135-61-12}. Depth 2-23,
head 32-4 in the length.

Trocera on Tocantins, one specimen 11 cm. long. The Ama-
zons one specimen 9.5 em. long. These specimens may be placed
as brama, although the description given by Gunther is so brief
I can not be certain concerning them. I have not access to the
description of Cuv. & Val. or that of Castelnau.

14, Prochilodus scrofa Steindnacher.

Flussfische Sudamerica’s, II., 29, pl. VI., fig. 2, 1881. (Rio Janeiro).
Higenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., XI1V., 48, 1891.

Brazil, one specimen.

15. Chilodus labyrinthicus (Kner),

Microdus labyrinthicus Kner. Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. Wien., XVIL.,
1859, 149, taf. 3, fig.5 (Rio Branco; Rio Negro).

Cenotropus labyrinthicus Gimther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 297, 1864
(Capin River); Steind., Flussf. Siidamerika’s, I, 5, 1879 (Orinoco near
Ciudad, Bolivar).

Chilodus labyrinthicus Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus.
XIV., 49, 1891.

Three specimens from the Fall of Rio Tapajos ; one specimen marked
Brazil.

16. Hemiodus microcephalus Ginther.

Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V.,298, 1864 (River Capin); Eigenm. & Eigenm.
Proc: U.S. Nat. Mus:, XclV.,,497 i891

One specimen from Brazil.

17. Hemiodus microlepis Kner.

Denkschr. Wien. Acad., XVII., 155, taf. 4, fig 8 (Rio Guapore; Rio
Negro); Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 300, 1864, Eigenm. &
Higenm. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Muse. XIV., 49, 1891.

Emiodus microlepis Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., 86, 1878 (Peruvian
Amazon).

Brazil, three specimens. D. 11, A, 13. Head 43 ; depth 33-32 ; Braret,
three specimens 11 cm. long. The proportions are, head 43; depth 4.

Collected by Charles Frederick Hartt. 261

18. Anostomus vittatus (Cuv. & Val).

Piabuca vittata Cuv. & Val., XXII, 115, 1848 ; Casteln. Anim. Amer,
Sud. Poiss. p. 64, pl. 32, fig. 1, 1855 (Rio Uruguay).

Anostomus vittatus Ginther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus. V., 303, 1864; id.
Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., 12, 1880 (La. Plata); Garman, Bull. Essex Inst.,
XXII., 19, 1890; Eigenm. & Eigenm, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 50,
1891,

One specimen from Brazil.

ANOSTOMATIN 2.

19. Anostomus fasciatus Agassiz.

Curimatus faciatus Spix., Pise. Bras. tab. 36, 1829.

Schizodon fusciatus Agassiz in Spix., Pise. Bras. p. 66; Mill. & Trosch.,
Hor. Ichthyol., III., 10, tab. 1, fig. 5, 5a, 1855 (Brazil, Guiana) ;
Schomb., Fish, Guiana, I., 252, pl. 26, 1841 (Rio Branco) ; Schomb.
Reisen in Brit. Guiana, 634, 1848.

Anostomus fasciatus Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 304, 1864 (Brit-
ish Guiana ; Caraceas) ; Cope Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 258, 1871
(Ambyiacu) ; 7d., Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 689, 1878 (Peruvian
Amazon) ; Steind., Flussfische Siidamerica’s, IV., 12, 1882 (Huallaga) ;
Garman, Bull. Essex Inst., X XII., 18, 1890; Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U.
S.Nat. Mus., XIV., 50, 1891.

Piabuca schizodon Cuv. & Val., XXIT., 112, 1848.

Braret, two specimens ; Brazil, one specimen; D.12; A. 11; head 43;
depth 4 ; diameter of eye in snout, 14, the caudal band as in vittatus

-

20. Anostomus varius Garman. Bull. Essex Inst.,X XII., 19, 1890
Two specimens from Brazil. ‘

The dark bands are all very indistinct. Head 5; depth 42 in
the length.

21 Nannostomus eques Steindachner.

Ichth. Beitr., V., 74-82, 1876, pl. [IX.; Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U.S.
Nat. Mus., XIV., 49, 1891.

One specimen from the Lower Amazons.

22. Leporinus frederici (Bloch).

Salmo frederici Bloch, taf. 378, 1885? ; Bl. Schn., p. 403, 1861.

Leporinus fredericti Cuv. & Val., XXII., 25, 1848; Kner, Denkschr,
Acad. Wiss. Wien. XVII., 170, 1859 (Rio Branco); Giinther, Cat. Fish.
Brit. Mus., V., 306, 1864 (Essequibo ; Cupai); Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proce.
Wes. Nat. Mus:, XTV., 51, 1891.

Curimatus acutidens Valenc. in d’Orb Voy. Amer. Merid. Poiss. pl. 8,
aol, 1811.

Lower Amazon, four specimens,

262 The South American Characinidex

23, Leporinus conirostris.

Steindachner Sitzb. K. K. Akad, Wiss. Wien. LXXI., 23, pl. IV.;
Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIV., 51, 1891.

Rio Parahyba, one specimen.

TETRAGONOPTERIN A,

Vetragonopterus Cuvier.

Tetragonopterus Cuv., Regne Anim., II., 166, 1817(argenteus); id, Mem.
Mus., IV., 455, 1818.

Tetragonopterus Swainson, Nat. Hist., II., 289, 1839 (aureus and chal-
ceus).

Tetragonopterus Liitken, Velhas-Flodens Fiske, 206, 1875.

Tetragonopterus Eigenm,. & Eigenm., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIV., 52,
1891.

Poeilurichthys Gill, Anu, N. Y. Lyceum Nat. Hist., 54, 1858 (brevoorti).

Hemmigrammus Gill, 1. ce. (unilineatus).

Astyanax Girard, U. S. Mex. Bound. Survey, 74, 1859 (argentatus).

Creatochanes Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus. V., 318 and 329, 1864
(melanurus).

Hemibrycon Ginther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 318 and 330, 1864
(polyodon)

Type: Tetragonopterus argenteus Cuvier.

Various species of the genus Tetragonopterus have been taken
for types of distinct genera. However desirable it would be to
divide this large genus into smaller ones, the characters hereto-
fore used to designate the new genera are so variable in different
species that they cannot even be considered of subgeneric value.
The completeness or incompleteness of the lateral line, which was
taken as one of these characters, is found to vary in some of the
species. The completeness or incompleteness of the dentition of
the maxillary seems not more fortunate as a character for generic
division. I am not familiar with 7. melanurus or any of the
other members of this supposed subgenus, and cannot say whether
its characters are valid. For the present all of these forms have
beer united under the generic name Tetragonopterus.

The species may be distinguished by the following synopsis :—

1. Lateral line complete.

a. Anal rays 40 or more.*

b. Seales in the lateral line 30.

* 7. caucanus hasanal rays 38 ?-41.

Collected by Charles Frederick Hartt. 263

c. Hntire edge of maxillary finely denticulate, a few conical teeth
near its articulation. Body with silvery longitudinal bands,
A . 40, the pectorals extend beyond the root of the ventrals.

24. artedii.
ee. Maxillary with only a few rudimentary teeth near its articula-
tion.

d. Body with two dark cross-bands, no longitudinal band. One
of the cross-bands extends to the gill opening, the other
toward the middle of the pectoral fin, both descending from
before the dorsal. A dark caudal spot ; depth not Jess than half
the length, head about one-fourth, A. 40...... 20. argenteus.

dd. No dark cross-bands, ventral and anal fins orange-red.
Depth three-fifths, head somewhat more than one-fourth.
Veg lat ere And Ol pers stacnct ste th anal oe tehn araiere erase eh overeyt 26. rufipes.

bb. Scales in the lateral line 37-40.
e. A silvery lateral band.

f. Maxillary denticulate with minute teeth its entire length, elon-
gate extending to the middle of the pupil. Humeral spot
present, none on the caudal ; the silvery lateral band narrow,
dorsal rays prolonged. <A. 41, scales 4 or 5—40-6.

27. pectinatus.
ff. Maxillary not denticulate its entire length.

g. <A small tooth on the maxillary. The round caudal and
humeral spot not very distinctly developed. The middle
of the caudal fin thickly spotted with dark dots. Head
nearly 4, depth about 23 in the length. Maxillary does not
reach the orbit. A. 40-42, scales 6-37 or 38-4.

28. tabatinge.

ge. Several small teeth on the upper fore edge of the maxillary.
Head 32, depth 3 or somewhat more, snout 4 in the head.
A silvery-gray lateral band bordered above by blue-green.
Humeral spot round. Caudal spot when present extends
to the end of some of the caudal rays. 29. bairdii.
geg. Maxillary toothless.
h. Scales 10-41 or 42-9, A small silvery green lateral band.
A dark spot on the basis of the caudal, depth half the
length. <A. 40-41. 30. multiradiatus.
hh. Scales 7 or 841-6 or 7, humeral and caudal spot pres-
ent, the pectorals extend beyond the origin of the ven-
trals. Maxillary extends somewhat beyond the front mar-
gin of the orbit. A. 38?-41; head 34-32; depth 21-2}
51. caucanus.
ee. Wo lateral band, caudal spot present, no humeral spot, the dor-
sal fin distinctly behind the ventrals, the pectorals extend con-
siderably beyond the base of the ventrals. Depth about 23;
head 32 in the length. A. 44; scales 7-38-7.....32. nigripinnis.

264 The South American Characinide

bbb. Scales in the lateral line 47.

i, Wo teeth on the mavillary. A very distinct lateral, silvery band,
an indistinet caudal and humeral spot. Maxillary extends to
the anterior margin of the orbit. Depth 2. 2 in the length, eye
3 in the head, A. 47; seales 9 or 10-47—10 or 11.

35. hauxwellianus.

ii. Maaillary with a few rudimentary teeth near its articulation. A
silvery lateral band present. Ventral profile much arched,
SnHOUt pointed A. Vasa l.s crete cee eter niece 34. spilurus.

aa. Anal rays 30-39 (abramis 28-31; lacustris 24-82; maximus 29-31;

melanurus 26-30).

j. Lateral line with 45-47 scales.

k. Anal rays 37; scales in 13 rows. Maxillary toothless, extends to
the eye. A black band extends from the base of the caudal fin
along its middle rays. Depth somewhat less than } of the body,
head j. Diameter of the eye } of the head, a little more than the
snout. Last dorsal rays over the anterior anal rays, A. 37; scales
O-AG ines ec bic 3.2 ee eerie ienierale oe alee se eee 30. brevirostris.

kk. Anal rays less than 37.

1, Caudal fin black, with two large orange spots, scales in 114 rows.
Dorsal over the ventral, the pectoral reaches to the base of the
ventral. Depth 33-4; head 4-43. Maxillary toothless, long
and narrow, extends to or nearly to the middle of the eye. A.

26-30, scales 7-45 or 46—43...............-200-- 36. melanurus.

ll. Caudal fin without orange spots, the black spot indistinct or want-
ing, scales in 18 rows. An indistinet blackish humeral spot
which is sometimes wanting. Dorsal distinctly behind the ven-
tral, the pectoral reaches the ventral, Depth 23, head rather
less than 4, A. 28-31, scales 10-43 to 47-8. Maxillary toothless,
extends somewhat beyond the anterior edge of the orbit.

37. abramis.
jj. Scales in the lateral line 36-48.

m. Humeral and caudal spots present.
n. Maxillary toothed its entire length.

Maxillary teeth distinct the maxillary extends nearly or entirely
under the middle of the eye. Depth 24-3, head 43-42; eye
in head 34-3}. A silvery band connects the caudal and hu-
meral spot. Anal under the middle of the base of the dorsal,
which is behind the insertion of the ventrals. D. 10; A. 29-
31, scales 8 to 9-39 to 40-6 or 63................... 38. jelskii.

Maxillary teeth very small, the maxillary extending somewhat
beyond the front margin of the eye. Depth 2 to22, head 4-
41; eye in the ‘head 3, in interorbital space 3-24. A black
spot behind the shoulder, a black elongate blotch on the
caudal peduncle extending to the end of some of the rays,
these spots connected by a silvery line. D. 11. A. 32-33, P.

Collected by Charles Frederick Hartt. 265

12-14. V. 8, scales 7 to 83-30 to 37-64 to 74...*39. maculatus.

nn, Maxillary not toothed its entire length.
o. A. single small tooth on the maxillary.

p. Anal rays 39, an indistinct silvery lateral band, an oval
humeral spot and a caudal spot extending to the end of
the rays and fading out on the caudal peduncle. Dorsal
over the space between the ventral and anal fins, the pec-
toral extends beyond the origin of the ventral, A. 39, head
4, depth 22-23; eye 22-2}, snout 4-43 in the head.

41. branickii.

pp. Anal rays 34, a very distinet humeral and caudal spot, the
latter often extending to the end of the rays. An obscure
silvery band present, A. 54, scales 7-37 to 40-7. Head

about 2 of the length -...... ........ nae 42. brevoortii.

oo. Maxillary without teeth. +
q. Anal rays 38, scales in 18 rows. <A silvery, lateral band
and humeral spot present, the former very distinct. Dor-
sal fin a little behind the origin of the ventrals, the ante-
rior anal rays elongate. The maxillary extends to near the
anterior margin of the eye. Depth 2.4, head 3.5, A. 38,
BOPIESEO—OO— UO) tira cei he sl dase Yio bro wlbtare, bh Pauarer op Seite 43. stilbe.
qq. Anal rays fewer than 38, scales in 15 rows. Maxillary ex-
tending to below the centre of the eye. Dorsal originates
above the base of the ventrals. Pectorals reach base of
ventrals, the ventrals reaching the origin of the anal.
Head 3?, depth 23. Diameter of eye } of head, 1} length
of snout, equal to intererbital width. Dorsal I. 10, origi-
nating above base of ventrals, Anal II. 28, originating a
little behind the vertical of the base of the dorsal. Scales
8-37 to 58-7. Black humeral spot present, a silvery lateral
stripe turning to black on the tail, and extending on the
CAMCIAl eet tet catty vabehs aa aa a rele Fen a st . 44. moorii.

mm. No humeral spot.
r. Caudal spot present.
s. Mavillary armed with 10 minute teeth, Dorsal fin behind the
ventral, the pectoral reaches the ventral. Depth 3, head 3.
A.. 32-33, scales 7 or 840-7. .- 0.50.20. ceeeceaes 45, trinitatis.
ss. Mavillary toothless or with only 2 or 3 small teeth. The elon-
gate caudal band extends to the end of the rays and fades out
anteriorly. Head 4, depth 22, eye 32-4, snout 4 in the head.

A. 29-31, scales 7 or 8-37 or 38-6, 46, maximus.
*T. maculatus lacustris (40). Head 414; depth 244; A. 24-32; scales 6-34 to 36-6 to

7, eye 3—head.
+ Not examined in stilbe.

ANNALS N. Y. Acap. Sct., VIII, Jan., 1895.—19

266 The South American Characinidx

scales 105—43-10.
47. polylepis.

rr. No caudal spot or lateral band. A. 34,

jjj. Lateral line with 33-36 scales.
t. Depth 13 in the length. Caudal and humeral spot generally present
and united by a silvery band. Maxillary not denticulate. Head 4,
depth 1h.) eAN S44) SCALES too syeeniereteivereie eee tier Cette 48. orbicularis.

tt. Depth more than 13 in the length.
u. A blackish longitudinal band above the lateral line becoming darker
on the caudal fin. <A. 30, scales 6-36-6........... 49. peruvianus.

uu. No black longitudinal band.
vy. Maxillary without teeth.
w. Humeral and caudal spot present, more or less distinct, scales

7-36-7. Anal and ventral with broad red margins. A. 27-31,
head A) dep thesia satan: s<:-crs eects cuelens Mayet 50. humilis.

ww. No caudal or humeral spot. A silvery lateral band, most
distinct posteriorly. A. 30, scales 5-35-33, head 33, depth
35 ; eye in the head 25 and once in the interorbital space.

51. astictus.
vv. Maxillary with teeth.

x. A single tooth on the mavillary, lateral line with 38 scales.
Dorsal fin midway between the tip of snout and caudal, the
pectoral reaches the ventral, and the ventral to the anal. <A.
32-35, scales 7-38-7, head 4, depth 3..... ..... 52. teeniurus.

xx. Mavillary with numerous teeth, scales 8-35 or 36-7. Dorsal
behind the ventral fin. _Humeral spot sharply defined, usually
vertically elongate. Caudal spot present, a silvery gray lat-
eral band. A. 34-36, head 33-4, depth 2}-23..53. doceanus.

jjjj. Scales in the lateral line 28-32.
y. A small blackish caudal spot present. ,
Anal 33=34.. ~ Seales 7=30!t0 S2—-4S .- ..< <2 caine sce mee 54. chalceus.

yy. No Caudal or humeral spot. A. 33.

Scales in the lateral line 28-29 .......................00. gibbosus.

aaa. Anal rays 24-29 ( melanurus 26-30 ).

z.\\ Lateral line with 54-61 scales. Maxillary with a series of teeth on the
proximal two-thirds of its length. Caudal deeply forked, the superior
lobelarcer, Head! 52> depthiss ence on. c-ol)-telr ere 56. ipanquianus.

zz. Scales in the lateral line 45-46.

A. Longitudinal series of scales 19. Caudal and humeral spot generally
absent. Caudal fin not scaly, the origin of the dorsal above the root
of the ventral fin. Width of the interorbital more than the diameter
of the eye. Head 4, depth 3. A. 26, scales 9-45-10...57. cordove.

AA. Longitudinal series of scales less than 19.

B. A broad silvery lateral stripe, no caudal spot, longitudinal series of
scales 12. Maxillary toothless, rather wide, extends little beyond
anterior border of the orbit. Head 4.2, depth 4.7. A. 20.

58. longior.

Collected by Charles Frederick Hartt. 267

BB. No lateral band, caudal fin black with two large orange spots on the
basal half. Maxillary toothless, extends to or nearly to the middle
of the eye. Dorsal fin over the ventral. Head 43-43, depth 33-4,
seales 745 or 46-44. A. 26-30.................-.37. melanurus.

zzz. Scales in the lateral line 40-43.
C. Maxillary without teeth.*

D. Mavillary long and narrow, extends to the middle of the eye. Caudal
fin black or blackish, with a pair of large, red spots on its basal half.
Dorsal fin somewhat behind the ventral. Head 44, depth 3}. A.
DQ AISCA ESCA Sm Ae 1a cuts ialarsvetevetorsi ae ciatsiasetsyelers) =) oyatavea= recente) © 59. affinis.
DD. Mazillary not extending to the middle of the eye. Dorsal over the
ventral. Caudal blackish with two red spots on its basal half. A.
eR CGR AS Tarot atalino a'e aia leia'sinTw oo)s/e~ 60. caudomaculatus.

CC. Maxillary with evident teeth its entire length.

E. Humeral spot and lateral band present, caudal spot generally ab-

sent. Head 41, depth 23-3. A. 26, scales 7} or 8-42 to 44-6 or 7.
61. huambonicus.

EE. No humeral spot present or lateral band, middle caudal rays
black. Origin of the dorsal fin midway between the tip of the snout
and root of the caudal, behind the ventral and over the anterior
anal rays. A. 27. Head 43, depth 33, scales 845-6.

63. polyodon.
zz2zZ. Seales in the lateral line 34-39.T
F. Lateral band, humeral and caudal spot present.

G. Lateral band black, scales in 13 rows. Dorsal tin behind the base of
the ventrals. Maxillary toothless, extends a little behind the an-
terior border of the orbit. Interorbital space much more than the
diameter of the eye. Head 33, depth 3. A. 28, scales 7-34-6.,

64. wappi.

GG. No black lateral band.

H. Caudal fin with a band on one or both lobes.

I. Upper caudal lobe with a black band, head 4 in the length. A sil-
very lateral band, pectorals do not extend to the base of the
ventrals. Dorsal fin nearly over the ventrals. Maxillary ex-
tends to the eye. Head 4, depth nearly 3. A. 24-25, scales
FO Ds = DOS OHA OL) Saarareerlele sieselatolevohe steer cieva ela 65. lepidurus.

Il. Each caudal lobe with a black cross-band, head 5 in the length.
A silvery lateral band. Dorsal over the Hinder ventral rays.
The maxillary does not extend beyond the anterior border of
the orbit. Depth 23. A. 25-26, scales 5-36 to 38-3 or 4.

68. dichrourus.

* T. teniatus Jen. (62) has scales 7-40-6. D.11, A. 25. Depth 3, humeral and caudal
spots present, united by a silvery band.
+ D. 10, A. 27, scales 5-37-3...... alburnus 66.
A. 29, scales 844-38-8......gronovii 67.

268 The South American Characinide

HH. Caudal fin without bands.*

J. Anal, dorsal and caudal fins with red markings, scales in 93 rows.
The blackish humeral and caudal spots indistinct. The trian-
gular vermilion spot on the caudal surrounds the basal black
spot. Head 4.2, depth 3.3. A. 26-27, scales 53-35-4.

69. phoenicopterus.

JJ. No red markings on the fins.

Kk. Seales in 15 rows.
L. A broad silvery band, head 4, depth 2, scales 7-—37-8.

A. 29. The dorsal a short distance behind the origin of

the ventral. Maxillary reaches a little beyond the orbit.

70. orientalis.
LL. Head 3%, depth 23-24%, maxillary reaches the anterior.

of the eye. A. 28, scales 8-35 or 36-7.

71. panamensis.
KK. Seales in less than 15 rows.
M. Head less than 4 in the length. Maxillary extends be-

yond the anterior border of the orbit. Head 33, depth 3.

A. 25, scales 6-37 or 28-5.............73. scabripinnis.

MM. Head 4, or more than 4 in the length.

N. A band-like caudal spot, sometimes extending forward
to the indistinct humeral spot. Maxillary toothless,
extends distinctly beyond the anterior margin of the
eye. Origin of dorsal fin immediately behind the base
of the ventrals. Head 4-43, depth 23-23, A. 25-29,
scallesiG:toydr30 dO. 39), 45 LOG! =e erate +74. rutilus.

NN. No band-like caudal spot, a silvery lateral band.
Maxillary toothless, extends beyond the anterior border
of the eye. Snout rather compressed. Head 4, depth
3. An Qi. SCAleSHaoI—1 oes eos ......76. petenensis.

FF. A silvery lateral band, and band-like blackish caudal spot. Head
4-44, depth 2%, interorbital much more than diameter of the eye.
Maxillary terminates below the front margin of the eye. Origin of
dorsal fin behind the root of the yentrals. Scales 7-35 to 37-8.

77. microphthalmus.

FFF. No distinct lateral band present in adult specimens.

O. Humeral and caudal spot present, the latter sometimes extending
to the end of some of the rays. Humeral spot vertically elongate,
situated in the centre of a pale area which is bounded posteriorly by
a vertically curved border. Head 4, depth 2}, scales 6 to 8-36-62.
A HOB ia foaets auntie cece mene ape sis isjat oie lol snaverenoeters 98. jacuhiensis.

OO. Humeral or caudal spot absent.

P. No humeral spot, caudal spot present, depth more than twice in the

T. caroline Gill (72) is perhaps related to 7. phanicopterus Cope.

+7. rutilus jequitinhonhe (75) has scales 38. A. 26, head 4%, depth 3

re

Collected by Charles Frederick Hartt. 269

length. No lateral band. The origin of the dorsal fin behind the
base of the ventrals. Maxillary toothless, reaches anterior border

of the orbit. Head 4, depth 2}-2%. A. 26, scales 7-35-6.
78. ceneus.
PP. Humeral spot present, no caudal spot, depth a little less than twice
in the length. Maxillary extends to the eye. Dorsal fin over the
middle of the base of the ventral. Head 4, scales 7-34-7. A. 28.

79. chrysargyreus.
zZzzzz. Scales in the lateral line 28-33.

Q. A series of seven deep-brown longitudinal lateral bands. Maxillary ex-
tends not evidently beyond the front margin of the eye. Head 32,
depth a little more than two in length. A. 27, scales 5-314.

80. lineatus.

QQ. No series of longitudinal bands on the sides.

R. A'silvery lateral band.

S. No caudal or humeral spot. The pectoral reaches the ventral. The
dorsal over the base of the ventral. Head 33, depth 24. A. 28,
Scalesth— 30 bOpes— yee theterele eperaieke cle a rantcterere 81. grandisquamis.

SS. Humeral spot present, generally more or less elongate. No

caudal spot.

T. Macillary with numerous minute teeth, extends beyond the front
edge of the orbit. Snout shorter than the eye. Dorsal fin
over the root of the ventral. A. 29-30, scales 5 or 6-32 or
33-43 or 5. Head 32, depth 2}-23............ 82. bahiensis.

TT. Maxillary without teeth.

U. The narrow silvery band edged above with greenish, humeral
spot indistinct. Origin of the dorsal fin just behind the ven-
tral. The pectoral reaches to the middle of the base of the
ventral. Head 32-33, depth 24-28 A. 24-25, scales 5-32
OF S3-a5-- == - ee ohare sna pe son Soon omoas 83. collettii.

UU. Silvery band not edged above with greenish, humeral spot
large, faded. Maxillary reaches nearly to the middle of the
eye. Dorsal fin over the base of the ventral.

84. xinguensis.

SSS. Humeral and caudal spot present, the entire anterior third of the
caudal dark colored. Maxillary toothless. Head 3?, depth 2+.

de Cte CCIE SS enim aU OOOr DOOM eo COE 85. agassizii.

RR. No silvery lateral band.

V. Seales 53-31-6. A. 26. Depth 2. Caudal spot diffuse extending
over the base of the fin. Humeral spot indistinct. Maxillary ex-
tends somewhat beyond the anterior margin of the eye. Origin
of the dorsal fin immediately behind the root of the ventral.
The pectorals extend beyond the ventrals, the ventrals to the
vent. Diameter of the eye more than the width of the interor-
hital, less than the snout, one-third of the head. Head 33.

86. ovalis.

270 The South American Characinidz

VV. Scales 5-28-33, depth 25. A. 24. Humeral and caudal spot
present. Origin of the dorsal fin behind the ventral. The max-
illary extends to the front margin of the eye. Head 4.
87. oligolepis.
aaaa. Anal rays 16-24.*

W. Scales in the lateral line 38-40. A silvery-gray lateral band present, a
dark caudal spot elongate horizontally, fading out forward. No humeral
spot present. Dorsal behind the ventral. Maxillary with two small
serrated teeth. Head 4, depth 2}-2 A. 21-23, scales 7 or 8-37 or

4 28 .
BOB elie oie ciradal aie cose Srey tel eer eteeato oto remtowal sue eke cle (atebeloreayatete +89. mexicanus.

WW. Scales in the lateral line 30-35.
X. Maxillary without teeth.
Y. Caudal and humeral spot generally absent.

Z. A silvery band present, sharply edged above with a dark band. Head
less than 4 in the length. Maxillary toothless. Dorsal fin a little
behind the ventrals. The pectorals do not entirely reach the ven-
trals, the ventrals reach the anal. Head 34, depth 3-34, scales

B= B2=SlOL By. 1) Ag Ol OO eee ois ois <1 a ehoneredehctoKe te eerstoteere 91? copei.
ZZ. The broad silvery band not edged above with dark, head more than 4
in the body. Maxillary toothless extending nearly to the anterior
border of the orbit. Anterior dorsal and anal rays markedly

elongate. A. 19, head 42, depth 34, scales 4-35-33.
92. diaphanus.

YY. Caudal and humeral spot present, the dark humeral spot sur-
rounded by a light-colored band. Maxillary extends to the pupil
of the eye. Snout short, 4 in the head. Dorsal fin just behind the
ventrals, pectorals reach a little beyond the origin of the ventrals,
the ventral somewhat beyond the front margin of the anal. A.
20-22. Head 33, depth 3}, scales 5-30-3....... 93. santaremensis.

XX. Maxillary with teeth.

a. Numerous minute teeth on the maxillary which extends either a little
or distinctly behind the front margin of the orbit. A vertically
elongate humeral spot, and a longitudinal caudal stripe extending to
the end of the rays and fading out anteriorly. A. 15-16, head 3}-3%,
depth 3-34, scales 5 or 53-33-4 or @f.............--- 94. jenynsii.

aa. Maxillary with only 1-3 teeth, extends to the anterior border of the
pupil of the eye. A silvery lateral band present, and a diffuse
caudal spot, no humeral spot. A. 19, head 33, depth 2}, scales
Sei Os AO So AOU AAG 1 OOD Once ad sad bidto.do'a 6 95. paucidens.

If. Lateral line interrupted or complete.
* Anal rays 19-24.
+ Scales of moderate size 5 or 6-35 to 38-6 or 7. Maxillary with 1 to 3
teeth. A dark caudal spot extends to the end of some of the rays and

* T. pulcher (88) A. 22, D. 10, Head 514, depth 324 (with caudal). Eye 3 in the head and
once in the interorbital. Caudal and humeral spot present.

+7. argentatus (90) is very near and may be identical with mexicanus Filippi.

Collected by Charles Frederick Hartt. 271

fades out anteriorly, being replaced by a silvery band. An indistinct
humeral spot present. Ventral and pectoral fins with red. Head 4,
longer than deep at the occiput, depth 23 to 3........*96. fasciatus.

+t Seales conspicuously larger, anal shorter than in fasciatus. The humeral
and caudal spots much less distinct. Head 4-44, depth 23-3, D. 10,
A. 3, 16-19, scales 5 to 53-35 to 37-3 to 4.............. 99. iheringii.
** Anal rays 29 to 31, scales 7 or 8-37 to 38-8; eye 3 in the head. Depth 3,
head 4 in length. An indistinct lateral band present. ....100. orstedii.
IK. Lateral line not complete ; only some of the anterior scales perforated.
B. Anal rays 15-27.
y. Seales in the lateral line 30-35.
0. Dark markings on some of the anal rays.

e. A large black spot on the upper part of the dorsal, no caudal or hu-
meral spot, golden blotches on the opercle. A narrow band of
black obliquely crosses four or five of the anterior rays of the
anal, commencing at the top of the first ray. Lateral line ex-
tends to the middle of the body. Head 43, depth 31, eye 32 in

3)

the head, scales in 12 rows. A. 27. ..... .....101. unilineatus.

on
o%

©. No conspicuous black spot on the dorsal. A faint dark lateral
band, a milk-white stripe on the fore edge of the anal, and a vio-
let stripe immediately behind it. A. 24, head 3}-32, depth
22-23. scales 5 or 55-30 or 31=4............2..-. 102. elegans.
00. No dark markings on the anal rays.
¢. Caudal or humeral spot present.
7. Caudal spot present, no humeral spot.

4. Anal rays 21-24, 6-12 scales in the lateral line perforated, the
caudal spot does not extend to the end of the rays, but extends
forward as a dark band, becoming less distinct anteriorly.
A more or less conspicuous silvery lateral band present.
Caudal deeply lobed. Dorsal behind the ventrals, the pec-
torals extend to the ventrals. A. 21-24, head 4), depth 4,
TEMES THBW Gil BK bso nad coe woesasopoosooopNS 103. gracilis.

46. A. 17-19, perfortaed scales in the lateral line 4-7, the large,
diffuse, dark caudal spot extends to the end of some of the rays
and fades out anteriorly. No humeral spot. An inconspicu-
ous silvery lateral band present. Pectoral almost touches the
ventral. Caudal deeply lobed. Size small, depth 4 in the
length. Scales 4-30 or 32-?........ sadocdonu lO are bay,

cc. No caudal spot, the humeral spot surrounded by a bright ring, round
or oval, when oval vertically elongate. A sharply marked blue-
gray line extends backward to the base of the caudal fin. Dorsal
behind the ventral, the pectoral extends to its base. The ventral

* 7. fasciatus interrupta (97), 11 seales across the back, in front of the dorsal between
the lateral line and lateral line. Scales 32-35, A. 22-24. Eye slightly less than the inter-
orbital.

bo
=
bo

The South American Characinide

extends to the origin of the anal. Diameter of the eye 2-23,
snout 4 in the head. Lateral line with 5-7 scales perforated.
A. 22-24, head 33-33, depth 34,-32 scales 5-31 or 32-3.
105. bellottii.
cog. Caudal and humeral spot present, the latter indistinct in
schmardex, where the caudal spot is conspicuous and extends to
the end of some of the rays.

4. Maxillary without teeth. Indistinct humeral spot small; a
small silvery-gray lateral band, not very evident, accompanied
above a part of its length by a sharp, blue-gray line. Pector-
als not quite reaching the ventrals. Diameter of the eye 2,
snout 33 in the head. Lateral line with 7-8 more rarely 13-16
scales perforated. A. 20-23, head 32, depth 3, scales 5-30 or
Ola Sieres sete rere: A Dnee SS tie soot Gooe 106. schmarde.

uw. Maxillary with teeth.
kK. Humeral spot surrounded by a bright ring. Maxillary with

slender teeth. Caudal spot deep dark brown. A sharp
gray line joins the humeral and caudal spot. Caudal partly
scaled, the peduncle very slender. The dorsal fin behind
the origin of the ventrals, 6-8 scales in the lateral line per-
forated. A. 26-28, head 34-32, depth 22-2%, scales 5—
SISOS Ae eee oes Sate Cae iereter seen erie .-....107. ocellifer.
kk. Humeral spot not surrounded by a bright silvery-gray border.
Maxillary with 5 small, stout teeth. A greenish lateral band,
the humeral and caudal spot indistinct. Middle of caudal
fin blackish. Body brown, muzzle black, cheeks black punc-
tate. Maxillary extends to the middle of the pupil. Dorsal
behind the ventrals. A. 27, head 35, depth 2}, eye 4 of the
head Sescalles 7/30 —Oreraeie stents etel-tgeaei rere 108. robustulus.

coce. No caudal or true humeral spot, the anterior end of the
very conspicuous dark, lateral band with an oval expansion
resembling a humeral spot. The dark band bordered above
by a very evident silvery band. Dorsal about midway be-
tween the tip of the snout and base of caudal and over the
space between the anal and ventrals. Anal with first six
rays elongate. Maxillary toothless, extends nearly to the
centre of the pupil of the eye. D. 10, A. 20-23, head 33,

ee 35, eye in the head 25 and once in the interorbital,
Scales /S2=345 2. co emeriior cients cs ee 109. heterorhabdus.

24. Tetragonopterus artedii Cuy. & Val.

Cuv. & Val. XXIT., 128 (not Synon. vide Ginther) ; Giinther, Cat. Fish.
Brit. Mus., V., 319; Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 52,
1891.

Habitat :—?

Collected by Charles Frederick Hartt. 273

25. Tetragonopterus argenteus Cuvier.

Cuv. Mem. Mus., IV., 455 ; Cuv. & Val., X XII., 132 ; Mull & Trosch., Fish.
Brit. Guiana, 634, 1848 (Amuca); Kner, Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. Wien, XVIT.,
174, 1858 (Cujaba ; Gujana) ; Gunther. Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 318, 1864 ;
Steind., Ichthyol., Beitr., V., 46, 1876 (Santarem) ; id. Flussfische, Sidameri-
ka’s, I., 7, 1879 (Orinoco near Ciudad Bolivar) ; id. Flussfische, Sidamerika’s,
TV., 13, 1882 (Rio Amazonas ; Iquitos) ; Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. 8. Nat.
Mus., XIV., 52, 1891.

Habitat :—Orinoco, Guianas, Amazon.

26. Tetragonopterus rufipes Valenciennes.

Valene. in d’Oerb. Voy. Amér. Merid. Poss. pl. 11., fig. 1, 1847; Cuv. and
Val., XXII, 136; Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V. 318; Eigenm. &
Eigenm., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIV. 52, 1881.

Habitat :—Buenos Ayres.

27. Tetragonopterus pectinatus Cope.

Proce. Amer. Philos. Soc., 560, 1870 (Pebas) ; Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc.
U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 54, 1891.

Habitat:—Pebas.

28. Tetragonopterus tabatinge Steindachner.

Ichthyol. Beitr.; V. 43, 1876 (Tabatinga) : Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U.
S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 54, 1891.

Habitat :—Tabatinga.

29. Tetragonopterus bairdil Steindachner.

“Anz. Ak. Wien, 179, 1882 (Tabatinga) ;’’ id, Flussfische Stidamerica’s,
IV., 35, 1882 (Tabatinga) ; Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV.,
53, 1891.

Habitat :—Tabatinga.

30. Tetragonopterus multiradiatus Steindachner.

Ichthyol. Beitr., V. 44, 1876 (Teffe) ; Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., XIV., 54, 1891.

Habitat :-—Tefte.

31. Tetragonopterus caucanus Steindachner.
Ichthyol. Beitr., VIII., 71, 1878 (Cauca) ; id, Fischf. Cauca and Fliisse, 20,
pl. VI., fig. 2, 1880 (Cauca) ; Eigenm. & Eigenm., XIV., 53, 1891.

Habitat :—Cauea.

32. Tetragonopterus nigripinnis Perugia.
Ann. Mus. Genoy. (2), 643, 1891 (Matto Grosso, River Paraguay ).
Tetragonopterus anomalus Steind., Anz. AK. Wien, 1891 and SB. AK. Wien,

e. 1891, 173 and 369, pl. III. ( Rio Parana). e

Habitat :—Rio Paraguay; Rio Parana,

274 The South American Characinidz
33. Tetragonopterus hauxwellianus Cope.

Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., 560, 1870 (Pebas); id, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc.,
691, 1878 (Peruvian Amazon); Steind., Flussfische Sidamerikas, IV., 34, 1882
(Hyavary; Santarem); Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV.,
53, 1891.

Habitat :—Peruvian Amazon; Pebas; Hyavary; Santarem.

o4. Tetragonopterus spilurus Cuy. & Val.
Cuvend Val=, Xexd 156% Stee Cat. fish. Brit. Mus.,
Eigenm. & Eigenm., Bree U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 52, 1891.
Habitat :—Surinam.

V., 318, 1864;

30. Tetragonopterus brevirostris (Ginther).

Tetragonopterus chaleeus brevirostris Ginther, Proc. Zool. Soc., 420, 1859.
Brevirostris Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 321, 1864 (Western Andes of
Ecuador); Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 52, 1891.

Habitat :—Western Andes of Ecuador.

306. Tetragonopterus melanurus Bloch.

Salmo melanurus Bloch tab. 381, fig. 2

Tetragonopterus melanurus Mill. & Trosch., Hor. Ichth., I., p. 14, 1845:
(Surinam) ; Cuv. & Val., XXII., p. 155, 1848; Mull. and Trosch., Fische
Brit. Guiana, 635, 1848 (Rupununi) ; Giinther Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 329,
1864 (British Guiana; Essequibo River); id. Proc. Zool. Soc., 247, 1868
(Surinam ).

Habitat :—British Guiana; Surinam ; Essequibo; Rupununi.

37. Tetragonopterus abramis Jenyns.

Zool. Beagle, Fish., p. 123, tab. 23, fig. 1, 1842 (Rio Parana) ; Gunther,
Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 321, 1864 ; Steind., Flussfische, Stidamerika’s, I., 8,
1879 (Orinoco near Ciudad Bolivar) ; Ginther, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., 1880
(La Plata) ; Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 52, 1891.
Habitat :—La Plata; Rio Parana; Orinoco

38. Tetragonopterus jelskii Steindachner.

Ichthyol. Beitr., IV., 40, 1875 (Monterico, Peru) ; id. Flussfische, Stid-
amerika’s, IV., 25, 1882 (Huambo) ; Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. 8. Nat.
Mus., XIV., 53, 1891.

Habitat :—Monterico, Peru; Huambo.

39. Tetragonopterus maculatus (Linnzus).
Charax no. 54, Gronoy. Mus. Ichth., I., p. 19, tab. 1, fig. 5, 1754.
Albula maculata L. Mus. Ad. Fred. p. 78, tab. 32, fig. 2, 1754.
Salmo bimaculatus L., Syst. Nat., ed. xii., 513, 1766 (South America); Bloch,
taf. 382, fig., 2, 1758; Bl. & Schn., p. 413, 1801.
Tetragonopterus P acnbieie Mill. & Trosch., Hor. Ichth., I., p. 14, tab. 3, fig.
(teeth); id. Fische. Brit. Guiana, 634, 1849 (Rupununi; Essequibo); Giin-

Collected by Charles Frederick Hartt. 275

ther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 321, 1864 (Demarara, River Capin; Pernam-
buco); Steind., Siisswf. Stidéstl. Bras., ITI., 568, pl. I., fig. 2, 1876, (Rio Para-
hyba; Rio Doci; Rio Mucuri); Peters, Mb. Ak. Wiss. Berlin, 472, 1877 (Cala-
bozo); Steind., Fisch.-f. Magd. Stromes, 42, 1878 (Rio Magdalena); id.
Fisch.-f. Cauca & Fliisse bei Guayaquil, 21, 1880 (Cauca); Boulenger, Ann. &
Mag. Nat. Hist., XIX., 173, 1887 (Rio Grande do Sul); Eigenm. & Eigemn.,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 52, 1891.

Tetragonopterus linnei Cuv. & Val., X XII., p. 142.

Tetragonopterus gronovii Cuy. & Val., X XII., p. 143; Kner, Denkschr. Acad.
Wiss. Wien, XVII., 175, 175, 1859.

Charax bimaculatus Gronoy. Syst. ed. Gray; p. 154, 1854.

Tetragonopterus vittatus Castelnau, Anim. Amer. Sud., Poiss. p. 66, pl. 33,
fig. 3. 1755 (Bahia).

Tetragonopterus microstoma, Hensel, Wiegm. Archiv., 83, 1868 (S. Brazil).

Tetragonopterus obscurus Hensel, Wiegm. Archiv., 86, 1868 (S. Brazil).

Habitat :—Brazil, Orinoco, Magdalena.

Seven specimens from the lower Amazons. Color very light,
perhaps faded. Six specimens from Para; Brazil, four specimens.

40. Tetragonopterus maculatus lacustris Litken.

Tetragonopterus lacustris Liitken, Overs. Dan. Selsk, M. 3, 131, 1874 ( Lagoa
Santa) ; id, Velhas-Flodens Fiske, XIII., 208, pl. V., fig. 15, 1875, Rio das
Velhas) ; Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 52, 1891.

Tetragonopterus maculatus lacustris Eigenm., Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1894
(Rio Grande do Sul).

Tetragonopterus maculatus Boul.; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1887 (Rio Grande
do Sul).
Habitat :—Rio das Velhas; Rio Grande do Sul.

41. Tetragonopterus branickii Steindachner.

Flussfische Sitidamerica’s, I., 21, 1879, pl. I., fig. 3 (Rio Zurumilla on the
boundary of Ecuador and Peru); Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. 8. Nat.
Mus., XIV., 53, 1891.

Habitat:—Rio Zurumilla.

42. Tetragonopterus brevoortii (Gill).

Pecilurighthys brevoortii Gill, Fresh Water Fishes Trinidad, 57, 1858 (Trini-
dad).

Tetragonopterus brevoortii Litken, Vidensk, Medd. Nat. For. Kjob., 232,
1874 ; Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 53, 1891.

Habitat :—Trinidad.
43. Vetragonopterus stilbe Cope.

Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., 559, 1870 (Para) ; Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U.
S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 54, 1891.

Habitat :-—Para.

276 The South American Characinide

44. Vetragonopterus moorii Boulenger.
Ann. N. H. (6) X., II., pl. II., fig. 1 (Matto Grosso, Brazil).
Habitat :—Matto Grosso, Brazil.

45. Vetragonopterus trinitatis Liitken.

Tetragonopterus ( Hemibrycon) trinitatus Litken, Vidensk, Medd. Nat. For.
Kjob., 234, 1874 ( Trinidad ).

Habitat :—Trinidad.

46. Vetragonopterus maximus Steindachner.

Ichthyol. Beitr., VI., 6, 1878 (syn. ); id, Ichthyol. Beitr., [V., 43, 1875, pl.
VII. (Tullumayo; Monterico); Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
XIV., 54, 1891. Tetragonopterus alosa Giinther, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.,
XVII., 399, 1876 (Monterico, Peru).

Habitat :—Tullumayo ; Monterico.

47. Vetragonopterus poiylepis Ginther.

Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 320, 1864; Eigenm. & Higenm., Proce. U. S.
Nat. Mus., XIV., 52, 1891.

Habitat :—British Guiana.

48. Tetragonopterus orbicularis Cuy. & Val.

Cuv. & Val., X XII., 138; Casteln. Anim. Amer. Sud. Poiss. p. 65, pl. 32,
fig. 3, 1885 (Amazon); Kner. Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. Wien, 38, 1858 ( Villa
Maria); Giinther, Cat. Fish., Brit. Mus., V., 320, 1864; Steindachner, Stisswf.
Stdostl. Bras., III., 565, 1876 (Rio Parahyba, Amazon; Villa Maria);
Giinther, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1880 (La Plata); Eigenm. & Eigenm.,
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X1V.; 52; 1891.

Tetragonopterus compressus Gunther, Cat. Fish., Brit. Mus., V., 319, 1864
( Essequibo; Surinam; Maranon).

Habitat :—La Plata; Rio Parahyba; Amazon; Maranon; Sur-
inam; Essequibo; Villa Maria.

49. Vetragonopterus peruanus Miller & Troschell.

Tetragonopterus peruanus Mill. & Trosch., Hor. Ichth., I., 28, tab. 8, fig. 1,
1845 (Perm) ; Cuv. & Val., X-XIT., 159:

Tetragonopterus peruvianus Ginther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 327, 1864 ;
Steind., Flussfische, Stidamerika’s, I.,ii 22, 1879 (Pascamajo, Peru) ; Eigenm.
& Eigenm., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIV., 53, 1891.

Habitat :-—Peru.

50. Tetragonopterus humilis Gunther.
Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 327, 1864 (Gautemala).
Habitat :-—Gautemala.

51. Tetragonopterus astictus sp. noy.

Related to humilis.

Collected by Charles Frederick Hartt. 277

Body compressed, moderately elongate. Dorsal fin a little behind the ven-
tral and its anterior edge equidistant from the snout and base of caudal. Max-
illary toothless, extending a little beyond the anterior margin of the orbit. A
silvery lateral band, most distinct posteriorly. No caudal or humeral spot
present.

D. 10, A. 30, scales 5-35-33, head 33, depth 33, eye in the head 23 and once
in the interorbital space. Lateral line complete.

Habitat :—Brazil (one specimen 53 mm. long).

52. Vetragonopterus tzeniurus (Gill).
recilurichthys teniurus Gill ; Fresh Water Fishes, Trinidad, 58, 1858.
Tetragonopterus teniurus Litken, Vidensk, Medd. Nat. For. Kjéb., 233,
1874; Higenm. & EHigenm., Proc. U..S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 53, 1891.

Habitat :—Trinidad.

53. Tetragonopterus doceanus Steindachner.

Siisswf. Sudostl. Bras. III., 14, 1876 (Rio Doce); Eigenm. & Eignm.,
iProe: UW. S: Nat. Mrus;, XTV., 52; 1891.

Habitat :—Rio Doce.

54. Tetragonopterus chalceus Agassiz.

Tetragonopterus argenteus etc., Artedi, in Seba, III., tab. 34, fig. 3; 174,
1858 (Rio Negro, Surinam ).

Daregonus amboinensis Artedi, Species p. 44, 1738.

Tetragonopterus chalceus Agassiz in Spix, Pisce. Bras. p. 70, tab. 33, fig. 1,
1829; Cuv. & Val., XXII., p. 140; Kner, Denkschr. Acad. Wiss., Wien,
XVII.; Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 320, 1864 (British Guiana; Esse-
quibo); Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 260, 1871 (Ambyiacu); id, Proce.
Amer. Philos. Soc., 691, 1878 (Peruvian Amazon) ; Steind., Ichthyol. Beitr.,
V., 47, 1876 (Xingu near Porto do Moz) ; Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U.S.
Nat. Mus., XIV., 52, 1891.

Tetragonopterus schomburgkii Cuy. & Val., X XII., p. 137.

Habitat :—British Guiana, Essequibo, Surinam, Amazons from
Porto do Moz to the Ambyiacu.

55. Tetragonopterus gibbosus Steindachner.

Stsswf. Sudostl. Bras., III., 4, pl. I, fig. 1, 1876 (Rio Parahyba); Eigenm. &
Kigenm., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIV., 52, 1891.

Habitat :—Rio Parahyba.

56. Tetragonopterus ipanquianus Cope.

Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., XVII.. 1877 (Urubamba), id. Proc. Am. Philos.
Soc., 692, 1878 (Peruvian Amazon); Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., XIV., 53, 1891.

Habitat :—Urubamba; Peruvian Amazon

278 The South American Characinide

57. Tetragonopterus cordove Ginther.

Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., VI., Ser. 5, 12, 1880 (Rio de Cordova); Eigenm.
& Eigenm., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 53, 1891.

Habitat :—Rio de Cordova.

58. Tetragonopterus longior Cope.
’
Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., 691, 1878 (Peruvian Amazon); Eigenm. &
Eigemn., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIV., 53, 1891.
Habitat :—Peruvian Amazon.

59. Tetragonopterus affinis Ginther.
Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 322, 1864 ( British Guiana ).
Habitat :—British Guiana.

60. Tetragonopterus caudomaculatus Ginther.
Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 330, 1864 (South America).
Habitat :—South America.

61. Tetragonopterus huambonicus Steindachner.
Flussfische Stidamerika’s. TV., 25, pl. V., fig. 1, 1882 (Callacate and Rio
Huambo, Peru); Eigenm & Eigenm., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIV., 53, 1891.
Habitat :—Callacato and Rio Huambo, Peru.

62. Tetragonopterus tzniatus Jenyns.

Zool. Beagle, Fish. p. 126; Cuv. & Val., XXII., p. 145; Ginther, Cat.
Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 329, 1864.

Habitat :—Province of Rio de Janeiro.

63. Tetragonopterus polyodon Gunther.

Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 330, 1864 (Guayaquil); Cope, Proc. Amer.
Philos. Soc., 45, 1877 (Guayaquil); Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., XIV., 53, 1891.

Habitat :—Guayaquil.

64. Vetragonopterus wappi Cuv. & Val.

Cuv. & Val., XXII., p. 153; Giimther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 326,
1864 (British Guiana); Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIV.,
53, 1891.

Habitat :—British Guiana.

65. Tetragonopterus lepidurus Kner.

Denkschr., Wiss. Wien., XVII., 40, tab. 8, fig. 20, 1858 (Rio Guaporé) ‘
Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 328, 1864 ; Steind., Flussfische, Siidameri-
ka’s, IV., 32, 1882 (Tabatinga ; Cudajas ; Obidos ; Villa Bella) ; Eigenm. &
EFigenm., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 53, 1891.

Habitat:—Amazons from Obidos to Tabatinga; Guaporé.

Collected by Charles Frederick Hartt. 279

66. Tetragonopterus alburnus Hensel.

Wiegm., Archiv., 85, 1870 (Rio Cadea) : Steind., Stisswf., Sudostl., Bras.,
III., 24, 1876 (Rio Cadea) ; Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV.,
53, 1891.

Habitat :—Rio Cadea.

67. Tetragonopterus gronovii Kner & Steindachner.

Neue Fische aus Centr. Am., 46, 1864 (Rio Bayano) ; Eigenm. & Eigenm.,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 53, 1891.

Habitat :—Rio Bayano.

68. Tetragonopterus dichrourus Kner.

Denkschr., Acad. Wiss. Wien, XVII., 177, tab. 9, fig. 9, 1859 ( Rio Guapore ;
Caicara ; Paraguay) ; Gtinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 324, 1864 ; Eigenm.
& Eigenm., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 53, 1891.

Habitat :—Rio Guapore; Caicgara; Paraguay.

69. Tetragonopterus phoenicopterus Cope.

Proe. Acad. Sci. Phila., 260, 1871 (Ambyiacu); Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc.
U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 54, 1891.

Habitat :-—Ambyiacu.

70. Tetragonopterus orientalis Cope.

Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., 559, 1870 (Para) ; Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U.
S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 54, 1891.

Habitat :—Para.

71. Tetragonopterus panamensis Ginther.

Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 324, 1864 (Pacific coast of Panama ; Yzabal);
Gill, Proc. Phila. Acad., 336, 1876 (Rio Frijoli) ; Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc.
U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 52, 1891.

Tetrogonopterus fischeri Steind. Flusstische Stidamerica’s, I., 18, 1879, pl. L.,
fig. 1-2 (Mamoni River, Panama).

Habitat:—Panama; Yzabal; Rio Frijoli; Mamoni River.

72. Tetragonopterus caroline (Gill).

Astyanax caroline Gill, Proc. Phila. Acad. Sci., 92, 1870 (River Napo or
Marafion.

Tetragonopterus caroline Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIV.,
53, 1891.

Habitat :—River Napo or Marafion.
73. Tetragonopterus scabriprinnis Jenyns.
Zool. Beagle, Fish. p. 125, pl..23, fig. 3, 1842 (Rio de Janeiro); Giinther,

Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V. 325, 1864 (in part); Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U.
S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 53, 1891.

Habitat :—Rio de Janeiro.

280 The South American Characinide

74. Vetragonopterus rutilus Jenyns.

Tetragonopterus rutilus Jenyns, Zool. Beagle, Fish., p. 125, pl. 23, fig. 2,
1842; Steind., Ichthyol. Not., IX., 10, pl. IL., fig. 2, 3, 1869 (Montevideo);
Hensel, Wiegm. Arch., 80, 1870; Steind., Stisswf. Stidéstl. Bras., III., 575,
pl. IL., figs. 1, 2, 1896 (Rio Parahyba; Rio Doce; Montevideo; Rio Janeiro;
Rio Jequitinhonha; Xamapa, Mexico); id. Fish. Cauca & Fliisse bei Guay-
aquil, 22, 1880 (Cauca); Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc., 281, 1887 (Canelos) ; id.
Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XIV., 173, 1887 (Rio Grande do Sul); Eigenm. &
Eigenm., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 52, 1891; Eigenm. Ann. N. Y. Acad.
Sci., 1894 (Rio Grande do Sul) ; Cope. Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., XX XIIL., 87,
1894 (Rio Grande do Sul).

Tetragonopterus fasciatus Cuy. ®& Val., XXII, p. 140; Giinther, Cat.
Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 322, 1864 (not synon. Brazil, West Ecuador; Huamuchal
Rio Guacalate; Rio Chisoy, Vera Paz, Mexico; Cordova; Central America;
Gautemala); id. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., 1880 (La Plata).

Tetragonopterus scabripinnis Kner. (not Jen.), Denkschr. Acad. Wiss.
Wein., XVIL, 175, 1858 (¢) (Xamapa, Mexico; Trisanga); Gunther, Cat.
Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 325, 1864 (in part).

Tetragonopterus microstoma Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 323, 1864;
id. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., 1880 (La Plata).

Tetragonopterus «neus Hensel, Wiegm. Arch., I., 87, 1868 (Southern Bra-
Zil).

Tetragonopterus cuvieri Lutken, Overs. Dan. Selsk., No. 3, 131, 1874 (Rio
San Francisco and Rio das Velhas with its tributaries) ; id, Velhas-Flodens
Fiske, XIII., 210, pl. V., fig. 12, 1875 (Rio das Velhas).

Habitat:—Brazil, West Ecuador; Mexico; Central America.

75. Tetragonopterus rutilus jequitinhonhe Steindachner.
Susswf. Sudostl. Bras., I1I., 27, pl. I1., fig. 3, 1876 (Rio Jequitinhonhe) ;
Kigenm. & EKigenm., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 52, 1891.

Hatitat :-—Rio Jequitinhonhe.

76. Vetragonopterus petenensis Ginther.
Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 326, 1864 (Lake Peten ; W. Ecuador) ; id. Ann.
& Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, Ser. 5, 12, 1880 (Rio Negro; Argentine Rep.) ;
Eigenm. & Higenm., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIV., 53, 1891.
Habitat:—Rio Negro; Argentine Republic; Lake Peten;
Western Ecuador.

77. Vetragonopterus microphthalmus Ginther.

Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 324, 1864 (Pacific Coast of Guatemala ; Lake
Amatitlan ; Rio Rimac) ; Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV.,
52, 1891.

Habitat :—-Pacific Coast of Guatemala; Lake Amatitlan; Rio
Rimac.

Collected by Charles Frederick Hartt. 281

78. Tetragonopterus zneus Ginther.

Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 319, 1860; Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 326,
1864 (Oaxaca) ; Hensel, Wiegm., Archiv., 87, 1870 (Rio Cadea ; Porto Alegre) ;
Kigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 53, 1891.

Habitat :—Rio Cadea; Porto Alegre; Oaxaca.

79. Tetragonopterus chrysargyreus Giinther.

Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 328, 1864 (Essequibo) ; Eigenm. & Eigenm.,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 53, 1891.

Habitat :—Essequibo.

80. Tetragonopterus lineatus Perugia.

Ann. Mus. Genov., (2) X., 644, 1891 ( Matto Grosso, River Paraguay) ; id.
Ichthyol., Beitr., XV., 26, 1891 (Iquitos).

Tetragonopterus steindachneri, Eigenm., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVI., 53,
1893.

Habitat :—Matto Grosso, River Paraguay ; Iquitos.

81. Tetragonopterus grandisquamis Miller & Troschell.

Hor. Ichth., I., 27, taf. 8, fig. 2, 1845 (Surinam); Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit.
Mus., V., 328 ( British Guiana); Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
XIV., 53, 1891.

Habitat :—British Guiana; Surinam; Brazil. Four specimens
from Itaituba ; Brazil, one specimen.

82. Tetragonopterus bahiensis Steindachner.

Susswf. stdostl. Bras., III., 13, 1876 ( Bahia); Eigenm and Eigenm., Proc.
U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 52, 1891.

Habitat :—Bahia.

83. Tetragonopterus collettii Steindachner,
Flussfische Sidamerika’s, IV., 33, pl. VIL., fig. 3, 1882 (Obidos; Hyavary);
Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 53, 1891.

Habitat :-—Obidos ; Hyavary.

84. Tetragonopterus xinguensis Steindachner.

Flussfische Siidamerika’s, IV., 32, 1882 (Xingu); Eigenm. & Eigenm.,
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 53, 1891.

Habitat :-—Xingu.

8. Tetragonopterus agassizii Steindachner.

Ichthyol. Beitr. V., 41, pl. VIIL., fig. 2, 1876 (Tabatinga ; Cudajas) ; Cope,
Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., 691, 1878 (Peruvian Amazon); Eigenm. & Eigenm.
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 53, 1891.

Habitat :—Peruvian Amazon; Cudajas; Tabatinga.

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Sct., VIII., Feb., 1895.—20

282 The South American Characinidx

86. Vetragonopterus ovalis Ginther.

Proce. Zool. Soc., 245, 1868 (Xeberos); Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proce. U.S.
Nat. Mus., XIV., 54, 1891.

Habitat :—Xeberos.

87. Tetragonopterus oligolepis Ginther.

Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 327, 1864 (British Guiana); Eigenm. & Eigenm.,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 53, 1891.

Habitat:—British Guiana.

88. Netragonopterus pulcher (Gill).
Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 1858, 419 (Trinidad).
Habitat :-—Trinidad.

89. Netragonopterus mexicanus Filippi.

Rev. et Magaz. de Zodlogie, 1853, p. 166 ; Steind., Ichthyol. Not. IX., 11,
1869, pl. IV., figs. 1-4 (Lake Mexico, Izucar); Eigenm., Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., XVI., 55, 1893.

Tetragonopterus brevimanus Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 325, 1864
(Guatemala ; Yzabal ; Rio 8. Geronimo).

Habitat: Lake Mexico; Guatemala; Rio 8. Geronimo.

90. Tetragonopterus argentatus (Baird and Girard).

Astyanax argentatus, Baird and Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII,
27, 1854; Girard, U. S. Mex. Bound. Survey, 74, 1859 (Rio Nueces; Rio
Leona; Zoquito; Comanche Springs; Elm Creek; San Felipe; Devil’s River;
Brownsyille; Mouth of Rio Grande; Rio Sabinal).

Tetragonopterus argentatus Jordan and Gilbert, Syn. Fish. North Amer., 255,
1883 (Arkansas to Mexico); Eigenm., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI., 56, 1893.

Habitat :—Texas ; Mexico.

This species may prove identical with 7. mexicanus Filippi.

91. Vetragonopterus copei Steindachner.

Flussfische Stidamerika’s, [V., 35, pl. VL., fig. 6, 1882 (Santarem); Eigenm.
& Higenm., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 53, 1891.

Habitat :—Santarem ; Itaituba; Para; Brazil.

One specimen from Itaituba, nineteen are recorded from Brazil.
Three of the specimens from Brazil have inconspicuous caudal and
humeral spots, and in thirteen of them the spots are very evident.
Hight specimens from the Lower Amazons and one from Para.

92. Tetragonopterus diaphanus Cope.
Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., 691, 1878 (Peruvian Amazon); Eigenm. &
Kigenm., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIV., 53, 1891.

Habitat :-—Peruvian Amazon.

Collected by Charles Frederick Hartt. 283

93. Tetragonopterus santarememnsis sp. noy.

Body moderately elongate, the caudal peduncle rather slender. Head 33,
depth 3} in the body. The origin of the dorsal fin is just behind the base of
the ventrals. The anterior dorsal and anal rays elongate. The pectoral reaches
a little beyond the origin of the ventral, the ventral extends somewhat beyond
the front margin of the anal. Caudal deeply lobed.

Snout short, 4 in the head ; diameter of the eye somewhat more than the
width of the interorbital and 23 in the head. The maxillary with no teeth
extends to a vertical line touching the anterior margin of the pupil of the eye.
The,humeral spot and lateral band are much as in bellottii, the caudal spot is
somewhat more rhomboidal and extends to the end of some of the rays in all
of the specimens. The posterior part of the caudal spot is darker than the
anterior. The edges of the scales, especially above the lateral line, are marked
with a deeper brown color, giving the sides of the body a reticulate appearance.
A faint line on either side of the dorsal has also this color and extends back-
ward and forward. A similar line along either side of the anal. There are
faint blotches on some of the anal and dorsal rays.

D. 10, A. 20-22, scales 5-30—3, lateral line complete.

Habitat :—Santarem ; ten specimens 22—24 mm. long.

Related to copet and diaphanus.

94. Vetragonopterus jenymnsii Steindachner.
Stisswf. Stidéstl. Bras., III., 22, pl. III., fig. 1-2, 1876 (Rio Parahyha) ;
Higenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIV., 53, 1891.

Habitat :—Rio Parahyba.

95. Tetragonopterus paucidems sp. noy.

Related to diaphanus.

Body rather elongate, dorsal and ventral outline nearly equally curved.
Dorsal fin equidistant from the tip of the snout and base of the caudal. (The
ventral fins were destroyed.) Head 33, depth 2% in the length. Snout 35,
diameter of the eye 3in the head. Maxillary with two small teeth, extends
to a vertical line touching the anterior border of the pupil. <A silvery lateral
band present and a diffuse caudal spot, no humeral spot. Caudal peduncle
stout, D. 11, A. 19. Seales 5-31-35, lateral line complete.

Habitat :—Itaituba. One specimen 45 mm. long.

96. Vetragonopterus fasciatus (Cuvier).

Chalceus fasciatus Cuy., Mem. Mus., V., p. 352, pl. 26, fig. 2, 1817 ; Schom-
burgk. Fish. Brit. Guian., I., 215, 1841 (Paduizi).

Tetragonopterus fasciatus Steind., Ichthyol. Not., [X., 8, 1369, fig. 1 (Monte-
video); id, Ichthyol. Beitr., V., 578, pl. I., fig. 3, 1876 ; id, Siisswf. Siidéstl.
Bras., III., 20, pl. I., fig. 3, 1876 (Rio Janeiro ; Rio Parahyba ; Rio Jequitin-
honha); Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 52, 1891;
Eigenm., Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sei., 1894 (Rio Grande do Sul).

284 The South American Characinidzx

Tetragonopterus rivularis Liitken, Overs. Dan. Selk., No. 3, 132, 1874 (Rio
das Velhas and afiluents); id, Velhas-Flodens Fiske, XIII., 215. pl. V., figs.
13 and 14, 1875 (Rio das Velhas).

Tetragonopterus eigenmanniorum Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., XX XIIT.,
89, 1894 (Rio Grande do Sul).

Tetragonopterus laticeps Cope.

A comparison of the excellent description and plate of eigen-
manniorum with numerous specimens from Rio Grande do Sul
leaves little doubt but that this is one of the variations of fasci-
atus. TT. laticeps, which is also very well described and figtred
may prove to be the same; the only character that separates them
is the absence of maxillary teeth in /aticeps, but the single tooth
that is sometimes present in the maxillary of fasciatus may very
readily be mistaken for an inter-maxillary tooth.

The following table has been compiled to show the extent of
the known variations of the species :

(Eigenm). (Steind). (Liitken).
eigenmanniorum. laticeps. Jasciatus. Jasciatus. rivularis.
Seales 7-32 to 36-6 = 6-37-41! 6 or 7-32 to 36-4 to6 6%, 38 to40-5 5 to 6-33 to 38-6 or7
D.11 D. 11 1D)5 bE D. 10 D. 11
A. 23 to 24 A. 20 A. 2 or 3, 19 to 25 A. 18-20 A. 19-20
Head 4 3.75 to 4 4 4Vy 4
Eye 3 in head=in- 3to34L 224-4 3 3

terorbital. interorbital.
Depth 2% 2.6 214-3 2% 234-3
No maxillary teeth No max. Max. 1-3 teeth. Max. teeth 1-3,
teeth.

Habitat :—Brazil ; British Guiana.

97. Tetragonopterus fasciatus interupta Liitken.

Tetragonopterus rivularis interrupta Liutken, Velhas-Flodens Fiske, XIIT.,
215, 1875; Eigenm., Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1894 (Rio Grande do Sul).

Tetragonopterus litkenii Boul. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1887 (Rio Grande do
Sul).

The description of lutkenii leaves little doubt but that it is
identical with specimens in the museum of Indiana University
from the Rio Grande do Sul. These specimens are in all proba-
bility the 7. rivularis of Lutken which has an interrupted lateral
line.

98. Tetragonopterus jacuhiensis Cope.
Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., XX XIII., 88, 1894 (Rio Grande do Sul).

*The number 10 in Eigenmann, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII., 624, 1894,
should be 11.

Collected by Charles Frederick Hartt. 285

This species may prove to be identical with Z. maculatus
lacustris Lutken.

lacustris. jacuhiensis.
Head 4}. Head 4.
Depth 23. Depth 2}.
A. 24-32. A. 27-28.
Seales 6-34-36-6 to 7. Seales 6 to 7-36-63.
Eye 3 in head. Eye 4 in head.

Humeral spot longitudinally ovate, Humeral spot vertically elongate,
pale area surrounding it, not bor- situated in the centre of a pale area
dered posteriorly by vertically curved which is bounded posteriorly by a
border. vertically curved border.

99. Tetragonopterus iheringii Boulenger.

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 172, 1887 (Rio Grande do Sul).

Tetragonopterus obscurus Eigenm. (not Hensel), Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1894
(Rio Grande do Sul).

Tetragonopterus pliodus Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soe. XXXIITI., 90, 1894
(Rio Grande do Sul).

Tetragonopterus pliodus cope is unquestionably identical with
specimens sent by Dr. von Ihering to Indiana University from
Rio Grande do Sul. On comparison of these specimens, which
were identified by Dr. Eigenmann as 7’. obscurus, with the de-
scription of 7. theringii there remains little doubt but they be-
long to the species described by Boulenger. The faint caudal
and humeral spots almost disappear in some specimens. I have
therefore placed pliodus in the synonomy of theringii.

100. Tetragonopterus orstedii Liitken.
Vidensk. Medd. Nat. For. Kjéb., 229, 1874 (Rio S. Juan, Central Amer. ).

Habitat :—Rio 8S. Juan, Central America.

101. Tetragonopterus unilineatus Gill.
ecilurichthys Hemigrammus unilineatus Gill, Fresh Water Fishes Trinidad,
60, 1858 (Trinidad ); Giinther, Cat Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 317, 1864.
Tetragonopterus unilineatus Eigenm & Eigenm., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
XIV, 54, 1291.
Habitat :—Trinidad ; Para; Brazil.
Brazil, seven specimeus, the color of body very dark silvery.
Para, fifteen specimens.

102. Tetragonopterus elegans Steindachner.

Flussfische Stidamerika’s, IV., 36, pl. VII., fig. 4, 1882 (Obidos); Eigenm.
& Eigenm., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 53, 1891.

Habitat :—Obidos.

286 The South American Characinide

103. Tetragonopterus gracibis Reinhardt.

Ltitken, Overs. Dan. Selsk., No. 3, 133, 1874 (Lagoa Santa); id. Velhas-
Flodens Fiske, XIV., 218, pl. V. fig. 17, 1875 (Rio das Velhas); Eigenm. &
Higenm., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIV., 53, 1891.

Habitat :—Lagoa Santa; Rio das Velhas.

104. Tetragonopterus nanus Reinhardt.

Lutken, Overs. Dan. Selsk. No. 3, 133, 1874 (Lago Santa); id. Velhas-
Flodens Fiske, XIV., 218, pl. V. fig. 17, 1875 (Rio das Velhas); Eigenm. &
Eigenm., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 54, 1891.

Habitat :—Lago Santa; Rio das Velhas.

105. Tetragonopterus bellottii Steindachner.

Flussfische Sudamerika’s, IV., 34, 1882 (Tabatinga); Eigenm. & Eigenm.,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 53, 1891.

Habitat :—Tabatinga; Santarem. Twenty-one specimens from
Santarem.

106. Tetragonopterus schmarde Steindachner.

Flussfische Stdamerika’s, IV., 37, pl. VII, fig. 6, 1882 (Tabatinga);

Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 54, 1891.

Habitat :—Tabatinga; Para; Brazil.

Three specimens from the lower Amazons, seven from Pars
and eleven are marked Brazil. About fifteen scales of the lateral
line are perforated. A darker line of the diffuse caudal spot ex-
tends to the end of some of the rays, the very evident humeral spot
bordered above by the anterior end of an indistinct silvery lateral
band.

107. Tetragonopterus ocellifer Steindachner.

Flussfische Stidamerika’s, [V., 32, pl. VIL., fig. 5, 1882 ( Villa Bella; Cuda-
jas); Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 54, 1891.

Habitat :—Villa Bella; Cudajas.

108. Tetragonopterus robustulus Cope.
Hemigrammus robustulus Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., 561, 1870 ( Petas);
id., Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., 690, 1878 (Peruvian Amazon).

Habitat :—Petas; Peruvian Amazon.

109. Tetragonopterus heterorhabdus sp. nov.

Related to schmarde.

Body moderately elongate, tapering rapidly from the posterior end of the
dorsal and anterior of the anal to the base of the rather slender caudal pedun-
cle. Dorsal inserted about midway between the tip of the snout and base of

Collected by Charles Frederick Hartt. 287

the caudal and over the space between the anal and ventral. Anal with first
six rays elongate. Maxillary toothless, extends nearly to the centre of the
pupil of the eye. The dark brown lateral band deepest colored anteriorly,
edged. above by a conspicuous silvery band. No caudal spot or true humeral
spot, the anterior end of the lateral band suddenly expands more or less,
presenting the appearance somewhat of a humeral spot.

Head 3}, depth 33; eye in the head 23, and once in the interorbital. A.
20-23. D. 10, scales 32-34. Lateral line incomplete, only about 6 scales
perforated.

Habitat :—Para; Brazil. Many specimens 10-20 mm. long.

110. Vetragonopterus orbignyanus Cuv. & Val.

Cuv. & Val., XXII., p. 147 (Buenos Ayres) ; Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit.
Mus., V., 317, 1864 ; Higenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 53,
1891.

Habitat :—Buenos Ayres.

111. Tetragonopterus ortoni Gill.

Proce. Phila. Acad. Sci., 92, 1879 ( Marafion and Napo) ; Eigenm. & Eigenm.,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 54, 1891.

Habitat :—Maranon and Napo.

112. Fetragonopterus bartlettii Ginther.

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., XVIII., 30, 1866 (Upper Amazons) ; Cope, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 260, 1871 (Ambyiacu) ; Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U.
S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 53, 1891.

Habitat :—Upper Amazons.

?

113. Tetragonopterus Lutkenii Boulenger.

Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XIX., 173, 1887 (Rio Grande do Sul) ; Eigenm.
& Eigenm., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIV., 53, 1891.

Habitat :—Rio Grande do Sul.

114. Vetragonopterus erythropterus Holmberg.
Holmberg, Rev. Argent., I., 1891, p. 189 (Rio de la Plata).
Habitat :—Rio de la Plata.

115. Vetragonopterus belizianus Bocourt.
Bocourt in Ann. Sci. Nat., 1868, IX., 62 (Belize).
Habitat :—Belize.

116. Tetragonopterus cobanensis Bocourt.
Loe. cit., 62 (Rivers of Coban).

Habitat :—Rivers of Coban.

288 The South American Characinide

117. Tetragonopterus finitimus Bocourt.
Loe. cit., 62 (Orizaba).

Habitat :—Orizaba.

118. Vetragonopterus fulgens Bocourt.
Loe. cit., 62 (Province of Cuernavaca).

Habitat :—Provirce of Cuernavaca.

119. Tetragonopterus nitidus Bocourt.
Loe. cit., 62 (De Taseo).

Habitat :—De Taseo.

120. Vetragonopterus oaxacanensis Bocourt.
Loe. cit., 62 (Oaxaca).

Habitat :-—Oaxacea.

121. Tetragonopterus correntinus Holmberg.
Holnberg, Rey. Argent. I., 1891, p. 189 (Rio Parana, Corrientes ).

Habitat :—Rio Parana.

122. Tetragonopterus sawa Castlenau.

Anim. Amer. Sud. Poiss. p. 65, pl. 33, fig. 1, 1855 (Rio Crixas); Giinther,
Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 317, 1864; Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U.S. Nat:
Nis eXChVeoo, Sole

Habitat :—Rio Crixas.

123. Tetragonopterus viejita Cuy. & Val.
Cuv. & Val., XXII, p. 154 (Lake of Maracaibo); Giinther, Cat. Fish.
Brit. Mus., V., 317, 1864; Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. 8., Nat. Mus., XIV.,

53, 1891.

Habitat :—Lake Maracaibo.

CHEIRODON Girard.

Tetragonopterus sp. Jenyns. .

Cheirodon Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., VI., 199, 1854 ( pisciculus).
Odontostilbe Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 566, 1870 ( fugitiva ).

Cheirodon Figenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIV., 54, 1891.

Type: Cheirodon pisciculus Girard.

Synopsis of the Species of Chetrodon.

a. DLeeth multipombed imcisors. 322... 6- <)> 1 eo cleo CHEIRODON Girard. .
Deelateral Mime icommpleierrriraterteteter ted ile tenia rita (ODONTOSTILBE Cope. )
c. An oblique dark bar on the upper part of dorsal. Maxillary with teeth
along its entire length. A well defined silvery band on posterior part of

Collected by Charles Frederick Hartt. 289

body. Caudal spot very small but well defined. Humeral spot usually

absent. Dorsal in the middle of the length, behind origin of ventral.

Mouth very small, head 3%, depth 3}. Eye 23-2? in the length of the

head. Height of dorsal equals length of head. Caudal lobes longer

than the head. D. 11, A. 22, lateral line 35-36........ 124. pequira.
ec. Dorsal plain, maxillary with but two or three teeth.

d. Depth 23-2? in the length. Maxillary with but three teeth. In-
termaxillary with but 5 teeth on each side, each with 9 points, the
median most prominent. D. 10 or 11, A. 22-25, lateral line 33-34.
Humeral and caudal spots indistinct. Head 4, depth 35 in the
IGS) Oe orem one Spl OU abies Gor SoCo McnaoO OCD ce nice 125. pulcher.

dd. Depth 33 in the length, maxillary with two teeth. D. 10, A. 24, lateral
line 35. Five teeth in each pre-maxillary and six on each dent-
ary ; pre-maxillary teeth with seven cusps each, the median most
prominent ; those of the other bones with similar cusps of more
equal length. Head 4, eye in the head 25. A silvery band; a

dark spot on the caudal peduncle................. 126. fugitiva.
Doeebaterallimemncompletescac-w eerie cece: eo coe ac (CHEIRODON Girard).

e. Maxillary without teeth. A. 19-23, D. 11, lateral line 35, depth 23, head
4; pectorals extend beyond ventrals. <A bright longitudinal band on
the sides ; a black spot at the base of the caudal....127. interruptus.

ee. Maxillary with a single crenate tooth. Depth 2.6; head 3.6; eye large
3 times in the head. Scales 3-32-43. D. 10; A. 19-22. Pectoral
reaching the ventral and ventral nearly reaching the anal. Lateral
line on 9-10 scales. An indistinct narrow, dusky line on the middle
of the side from the caudal fin to below the dorsal....128. monodon.

eee. Maxillary with more than one tooth.

f. Anal short, of but 14 rays. D. 10; teeth usually five-pointed. A
silvery lateral band margined above with black. Depth 3-4 in
“the total length’’; head 5, eye 3 in the head....129. pisciculus.

ff. Anal with 19-26 rays.

g. Scales 30-32. <A black spot at base of caudal.

h. Anal 23-26. No humeral spot, an intense dark violet spot on
the base of the caudal and continued to the tip of the middle
rays. <A light yellow spot just behind the dark caudal spot on
the upper and lower caudal rays. A conspicuous violet stripe
from behind the ventrals along the entire base of the anal, a
branch extending from the base of the first three or four anal
rays obliquely to the tip of the 6th and 7th rays and back
along the remaining rays. Head 34-35, depth 35-33. D. 9-
10. Lateral line 30. Mouth very oblique, lower jaw project-
ing; teeth numerous, very small and slender. Interorbital
bones entirely covering the lower cheeks....... 130. nattereri.

hh. Anal 19; humeral spot when present not conspicuous; cau-
dal spot not continued to the tips of the middle rays. Lower

290 The South American Characinide

accessory rays of the caudal spine-like. D. 11. Lateral line
30-31. Head 32-335 depth 24-3, eye little more than 2 in the
GAG hayes lei hs hee Rican ers. c Shae aes ae ees 131. insignis.

ge. Scales about 35 in a longitudinal series. Intermaxillary teeth
5, mandibular 7, maxillary 2-3. Depth 3 in the length. D. 11,
A. (3-20) 23. Eye 3 in the head, no caudal spot, 9-10 tubes in

thre Laberall aa. 00 27 eye sovace atetenel svelle areicte ee areca ats .-.- 132. piaba.

124. Cheirodon pequira ( Natterer).

Salmo pequira Natterer in MS.

Cheirodon pequira Steind., Anz. AK. Wien, 180, 1882 (Rio Guaporé) ; id.
Flussfische Stidamerika’s, [V., 38, 1882 (Cujaba).
Cheirodon pequira Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 54,
1891.

Habitat :—Rio Cuaporé; Cujaba.

125. Cheirodon pulcher Gill.

Pecilurichthys pulcher Gill, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., VI., 59, 1858 (Trinidad).
Cheirodon ( Odontostilbe) pulcher Luitken, Overs. Dan. Selsk.; 236, 1874.
Odontostilbe pulcher Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIV., 54,

1891.

Habitat :—Trinidad.

126. Cheirodon fugitiva (Cope).
Odontostilbe fugitiva Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., 566, 1870, with fig. —
(Petras) ; Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIV.; 54, 1891.

Habitat :—Brazil; Petras (one specimen. )

127. Cheirodon interruptus (Jenyns).
Tetragonopterus interruptus Jenyus, Voy. Beagle, Fish. p. 127, tab. 23
4, 1842 (Maldonado).
Cheirodon interruptus Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 332, 1864.
Cheirodon interruptus Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV
54, 1891.

Habitat:—Maldonado.

128. Cheirodon monodon Cope.

Cheirodon monodon Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., XX XIIT., 91, 1894.
Habitat :—Rio Grande do Sul.

129. Cheirodon pisciculus Girard.

Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., VII., 199, 1854 ; id. U. S. Nav. Astronom.
Exped. Fishes., p. 249, pl. 34, figs. 4, 7, 1855 (Santiago, Chile); Eigenm. &
Eigenm., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 54, 1891.

Cheirodon pisciculus Ginther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 332, 1864.

Habitat :—Chile (Santiago).

Collected by Charles Frederick Hartt. 291

130. Cheirodon nattereri Steindachner.

Cheirodon nattereri Steind., Anz. AK. Wien, 180, 1882 (Obidos).

Cheirodon nattereri Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIV., 54,
1891.

Cheirodon pulcher Steind., Flussfische Stiidamerika’s, IV., 39, 1882 (Villa
Bella).

Cheirodon pulcher, Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIV.,
54, 1891.

Cheirodon steindachneri Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVI.,
53, 1893 (foot note).

Habitat :—Obidos; Villa Bella; Para (four specimens).

I have not seen the Anz. K. K. AK. Wiss. Wien, 1882, but
presume that the new species of Cheirodon there proposed are
identical with those described in the Flussfische IV. Ifso nattereri
and pulcher are used for the same species. Since pulcher is pre-
occupied the name natlerert is to be used. If the two names are
not used interchangeably by Steindachner the name sfeindachnert
must be used for pulcher.

131. Cheirodon insignis Steindachner.
Fisch Fauna des Cauca und Fliisse bei Guayaquil, 22, pl. VI., fig. 3, 1880
(Villa Bella) ; Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVI., 54, 1891.
Habitat:—Villa Bella; Brazil (four specimens); Para (thirteen
specimens).

132. Cheirodon piaba Litken.
Cheiroden piaba Lutken, Overs. Dan. Selsk., No. 3, 134, 1874 (Rio das
Velhas) ; id. Velhas-Flodens Fiske, XIV., 219, 1875 (Rio das Velhas).
Cheirodon piaba Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XTV., 54, 1891.

Habitat :—Rio das Velhas.

APHYOCARAX Gunther.

Aphyocarax Ginther, Proc. Zool. Soe., 245, 1868 ( pusillus ).
Aphyocarax Eigenm & Eigenm., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIV., 55, 1891.

Synopsis of the Species of Aphyocarax.
aa. Teeth pointed, with a minute cusp on each side.*
i. Anal short, of 18-23 rays.
j. Lateral line 36 or 37. Middle caudal rays black, dorsal plain, no

humeral spot.

* Not examined in eques Steind.

2992 The South American Characinidz

k. D. 9, A. 18, V. 8, lat. 1. 36, 8 tubes. Head 43, depth 4} in the
length; eye 33 in the head; maxillary extending beyond the anterior
margin of the orbit. Intermaxillaries with 14, mandibles with 18
teeth; maxillary teeth very small occupying about one third of the
length of the bone. Caudal slightly forked. Color uniform olive.
133. pusillus.
kk. D. 10, A. 20, lat. 1. 37. Depth little more than length of head
which is 4 in the length of body; 12 teeth in the upper, 18 in the
VOWEL Jaws <'.1., :clcsexiysseasiede thets sist acic icine lave een eters 134. alburnus.
jj. Lateral line 30. Caudal plain, a dark spot on the upper half of first
dorsal rays, a smaller one near tip of anterior anal rays. Humeral

spot small. Maxillary with microscopic teeth along its entire length.
135. maxillaris.

ii. Anal long, of 27-30 rays.
1. Seales 30-33. No caudal spot, a large black spot on the dorsal fin.

m. Entire edge of maxillary toothed. A. 27, lateral line 30; depth 3,
head 34. Anterior anal rays elevated, forming a projecting lobe
beyond the rest of the fin. Edge of the shorter anal rays dark, this
color continued on the elongate rays, dividing them near their
middle. A violet spot on upper anterior part of dorsal higher than
HONG 2! yesetecens, asin aioe sheers les Stackeute a/aik echee oe epee 136. agassizii.

mm. Upper part of maxillary toothed.

n. A vertical band-like humeral spot; a large dark spot covering
nearly the entire dorsal. A. 30, lat. 1. 33, depth 23, head 3.

Entire edge of anal dark, its rays graduated........ 137. eques.

nn. No humeral spot, upper half of first five developed rays of dorsal
black. A. 27-30, scales about 31......... ... 138. heteresthes.

ll. Seales 38. Lower caudal lobe blackish; color of body olive, yellow
below. Premaxillary teeth 7 on each side, maxillary teeth numerous,
occupying most of the margin of the bone. Head 5 in the length,
depth 4}; eye 3 in the head. Anal long, the anterior rays much pro-
longed, filiform, extending back to the last fifth of the length of the

ESCs LIBR OS asneicues cocusccboadepaogoDD DSS 139. filigerus.

133. Aphyocarax pusillis Gunther.

Aphyocarax pusillis Gunther, Proc. Zool. Soe., 245, 1868 (Huallaga ;
Xeberos) ; Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 260, 1871 (Ambyiacu) ; 7d.
Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., X VII., 689, 1878 (Peruvian Amazon).

Aphyocarax pusillis Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., XILV., 59,
1891.

Habitat :—Peruvian Amazon; Huallaga; Neberos; Ambyiacu.
134. Aphyocarax alburnus (Gunther).

Cheirodon alburnus Ginther, Proc. Zool. Soc., 424, 1669, fig. 2 (Peruvian
Amazons ).

Collected by Charles Frederick Hartt. 293

Apyhocarax alburnus Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proce. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIV., 58,
1891.

Habitat :—Peruvian Amazon.

135. Aphyocarax maxillaris sp. nov.

Maxillary with minute teeth along its entire margin. Intermaxillary with
about 10 teeth, the inner 4 three-pointed. Mandible with a few conical teeth
in front.

Depth 3-34, head 33, D. 11, A. 22-23, scales 30, tubes 6. Snout very short,
the maxillary extending beyond the anterior margin of the eye. Eye about
twice the length of snout, # length of head. Origin of dorsal equidistant from
tip of snout and base of caudal. Pectorals extend beyond origin of ventrals,
the latter to the anal.

A small cireular humeral spot, sometimes reduced to two or three color
cells. A large black spot on upper half of first dorsal rays, the tips of these
rays white. A small black spot near tip of first few anal rays.

It is possible that anal 27 as given for A. agassizii is a misprint
for A, 23, in which case the present species may prove identical
with A. eee Steindachner.

Habitat:—Brazil. Ten specimens 10-11 mm. long.

136. Aphyocarax agassiZil (Steindachner ),
Cheirodon agassizii Steind., IEE SIG Sitidamerika’s, IV., 38, 1882 (Jatua-
rana); Eigenm. & Eigenm., Eee. U.S. Nat. Mus. XIV., 54, 1891.

Habitat :—Jatuarana.

137. Aphyocarax eques (Steindachner )

= Cheirodon eques Steind., Flussfische Siidamerika’s, IV., 37, 1882 (Villa Bella;
Obidos) :
Cheiroden eques Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., [V., 54, 1891.

Habitat :—Villa Bella; Obidos.

138. Aphyocarax heteresthes sp. nov.

Maxillary teeth 6, conical ; intermaxillary with 8 conical, and 2 with lateral
cusps on each side ; mandible 10 conical, 4 with lateral cusps on each side.
This species may prove identical with C. agassizii or C. eques of Steindachner.
From the former it differs in having only the upper part of its maxillary den-
tiferous and apparently in having the anal rays graduated. From the latter it
differs in having no humeral spot. Depth 3, head 34, D. 11, A. 27-30, scales
about 31. Snout very short, the maxillary long, extending considerably
beyond the anterior margin of the eye. Eye twice the length of the snout and
= the length of the head.

Origin of dorsal midway between tip of snout and base of caudal. Pec-
torals extending beyond the tip of the axillary scales of the ventrals, the latter

294 The South American Characinide

to the anal. No humeral or caudal spots, the upper half of the first five devel-
oped rays of the dorsal black.

Habitat:—Brazil. (Six specimens 14-17 mm. in length).

139. Aphyocarax filigerus Cope.

Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., 564, 1870 (Pebas); Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U.
S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 55, 1891.

Habitat :—Pebas.

140. Chalceus macrolepidotus Cuvier.

Schomburgk, Fish. Brit. Guiana, I., 216, pl. XIV., 1841 ( Essequibo ) ;
Mem. Mus., IV., 454, pl. 21, fig. 1, Cuv. & Val., XII, 240 1848; Gunther,
Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 333, 1864 (Essequibo River; British Guiana; Cupai
River) Cope Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1871, 262 (Ambyiacu). Eigenm.
& Eigenm., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIV., 55, 1891.

Brycon macrolepidotus Mill. & Trosch., Hor. Ichth., I., 15, 1845; id. Fische.
Brit. Guiana, 635, 1848 (Essequibo; Mazaruni).

Chalceus ararapeera Cuv. & Val., XXII., 244, 1848.

Two specimens from Itaituba.

141. Chalcinus angulatus (Spix).

Chalceus angulatus Spix, Pisce. Bras., p. 61, tab. 34, 1829.

Chaleinus angulatus Steind., Ichthyol. Beitr., V., 48, 1876 (Santarem ; José
Fernandez ; Ica; Tabatinga ; Fonteboa ; Villa Bella ; Cajaba ; Suaguragua ;
Caicara) ; id. Flussfische, Siidamerika’s, I., 9, 1879 ( Orinoco near Ciudad
Bolivar) ; id. Flussfische, Siidamerika’s, IV., 14, 1882 (Huallaga) ; Garman,
Bull. Essex. Inst., XXII., 3, 1890; Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. 8. Nat.
IMitiss eXUnVis, 6, SOI:

Chaleinus brachipomus Cuy. & Val., XXII., 259; Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit.
Mus., V., 341, 1864 (Essequibo).

Chalecus trifurcatus Castelnau, Anim. Amer. Sud. Poiss., p. 70, pl. 37, fig.
1, 1855 (Araguay ).

Chaleinus miillerii De Fil. Rev. et Mag. Zool., 164, 1853.

Chalcinus nematurus Kner, Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. Wien, 5, 1858, tab. 1, fig.
1 (not synon.) ; Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 340, 1864.

Triportheus flavus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 264, 1872 (Ambyiacu
River).

Seven specimens from Brazil.

These specimens agree with the description and figure of Chal-
ceus angulatus of Spix. Steindachner (Beitr., V., 48,1876) has
shown that Triportheus flavus Cope is the young of C. angulatus,
and that Kner’s C. nematurus=C. angulatus Spix.

142. Chalcinus elongatus Ginther.
Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 342, 1864 (?); Garman, Bull. Essex Inst., 6,

{
;
>
;

Collected by Charles Frederick Hartt. 295

1890 (Teffe; Tocantins; Villa Bella); Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus., XIV., 56, 1891.

One specimen from Para.

HYDROCYONIN®.

143. Amacyrtus gibbosus (Linnzeus).

Charax Sp. Gronoy. Mus. Ichth., I., 19, 53, tab. 1, fig. 4, 1754; Zoophyl.
p. 124, 380.

Salmo gibbosus L. Syst. Nat., I., 513, 1866 (Surinam); Bloch & Schn. p. 419,
1801; Schomburgh, F. B. G., 635, 1848 (Lower Essequibo).

Epicyrtus gibbosus Mull. & Trosch., Hor. Ichth., I., 17, taf. 2, fig. 1 (den-
tition) 1845.

Cynopotamus gibbosus Cuyv. & Val., XXII., 321, pl. 645, 1848: Casteln.,
Anim. Amer. Sud. Poiss. 75, 1855 (Amazon, Ucayale).

Anacyrtus gibbosus Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 346, 1864 (Surinam;
British Guiana); Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIV., 57, 1891.

Epicyrtus macrolepis Kner. Denkschr. Acad. Wiss, XVIIT., 39, taf. 6, fig.
14, 1858 (Rio Guaporé; Cujaba; Caicara; Marabitanos; Surinam).

Marajo, two specimens; Itaituta, two specimens.

144. Roeboides bicornis Cope.

Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., 564, 1870 (Pebas); Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U.
S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 57, 1891.

Para (one specimen).

145. Xiphorhamphus falcirostris (Cuv).

Hydrocyon falcirostris Cav. Mem. Mus. V., 361, pl. 27, fig. 3.
Xiphorhamphus falcirostris Mull. & Trosch., Hor. Ichth., I., 18, 1845 (Brazil) ;

Kner, Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. Wien, XVIII., 58, 1860; Giinther, Cat. Fish.
Brit. Mus., V., 354, 1864; (Demarara, River Cupai); Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc.,
247, 1868 (Xeberos, Pebas); Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soe., XVIII., 688, 1878
(Peruvian Amazon ) ; Steind. Flussfische Siidamerika’s, IV.. 15, 1882 (Hualaga);
Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIV., 58, 1891.

Brazil (five specimens).

146. Xiphorhamphus falcatus (Bloch).

Salmo falcatus Bloch, taf. 385.

Xiphorhamphus falcatus Mill & Trosch., Hor. Ichth., I., 17, 1845 (Brazil
and Guiana); Schomb., Reisen in Brit. Guiana, 635, 1848 (Essequibo and
Pomaroon); Kner, Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. Wien, XVIII., 57, 1860 (Caicara,
Matto Grosso); Ginther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 354, 1864; Eigenm. &
Kigenm., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIV., 58, 1891.

Xiphorhamphus faleatus Cuy. & Val., XXII., 337, 1848.

Three specimens from Brazil.

296 The South American Characinidz

147. Xiphystoma ocellatum Schomburgk.

Fish. Guiana, I., 145, tab. 23, 1841 (Essequibo, Rio. Negro and
Branco); Cuv. & Val., XXII., 355; Kner, Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. Wien,
XVIII., 61, taf. 8, fig. 18 (head) 1858 (Rio Branco and Rio Solimoco); Gitin-
ther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 357, 1864; Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U.S.
Nat. Mus., XIV., 59, 1891.

One specimen from Brazil.

148. Cynodon gibbus Spix.

Pisce. Bras. tab. 27, 1829; Cuv. & Val., X XII., 333, 1848 ; Castelnau, Anim.
Amer. Sud., 75, 1855 (Amazon): Kner, Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. Wien, XVIII.,
54, 1858: Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 359, 1864 ; Eigenm. & Eigenm.,
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 59, 1891.

Raphiodon gibbus Agassiz in Spix, Pise. Bras, p. 77, 1829.

Trocera on Tocantins (one specimen); Brazil (one specimen).

SERRASALMONINA.

149. Mylesinus macropteus sp. nov.

30dy deep, 13 in the length without the caudal ; head 33 (including the
chin in each case). Abdominal serrations 11 behind the ventrals, the posterior
4 in pairs, 22-25 smaller ones before the ventrals. Muzzle once and two-
thirds in the orbit which equals the interobital space. D I. 16, A. 36, V. 7.
Seales small, about 83. The lateral line rather deeply curved below the ori-
gin of the dorsal. Height of the dorsal fin 23 times its length ; the second and
third rays greatly elongate, the fourth ray about half as long. Anal not
lobed. The second and third rays about as long as the base of the fin ; the
sixth ray about one-fourth as long as the second and third. The ventrals
reach the anal, the pectorals nearly to the ventrals. Origin of the dorsal a lit-
tle nearer the tip of the snout than the base of the caudal. Ventrals beneath
the middle of the dorsal.

Snout little more than half as long as the diameter of the eye, the interor-
bital space a little more than the diameter of the eye. Lower jaw greatly
projecting. Teeth in the mandibles in one series, notched and wide apart.
Intermaxillaries with two rows of teeth close together, those of the outer row
far apart, the inner ones opposite the spaces between two of the outer row.

Habitat :—Brazil. (Two specimens 9 cm. long.)

150. Pygopristis denticulatus (Cuvier).

Serrasalmo denticulatus Cuy., Mem. Mus., V., 371; Giinther, Cat. Fish.
Brit. Mus., V., 367, 1864 (British Guiana).

Serrasalmo punctalus Schomb., Fish. Guiana, I., 223, taf. 17, 1841.

Pygopristis denticulatus Mill. & Trosch., Hor. Ichth. I., 21, tab. 9, fig. 1,
1845 (young) (Guiana); Schomb., Reisen in brit. Guiana, 637, 1848 (Esse-
quibo; Rupununi; Takutu); Cuv. & Val., XXII., 297, 1848; Eigenm. &
Kigenm., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 59, 1891.

Collected by Charles Frederick Hartt. 297

Pygopristis fumarius Mill. & Trosch., 1. ¢. p. 35, tab. 9, fig. 2; Kner.
Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. Wien, X VIII., 35, 1858 (Rio Branco).

Ten specimens from the Lower Amazons.

151. Pygopristis serrulatus Cuy. & Val.

Cuv. & Val., X XIT., 300; Casteln. Anim. Amer Sud. Poiss., pl. 38, fig. 3,
1855 (Araguay; Amazon); Gtinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 367, 1864;
Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 59, 1891.

Brazil (one specimen).

152. Pygocentrus piraya (Cuvier).

Piranha Maregr. Hist. Nat. Bras., p. 69, 1848.

Serrasalmo piraya Cuy. Mem. Mus., V., 368, pl. 28, fig. 4 (bad); Ginther,
Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 368, 1864 (Brazil; River Capin: Demerara).

_ Pygocentrus piraya Mull. & Trosch., Hor. Ichth. I., 20 (Brazil, Guiana):
Cuv. & Val: XXII., 291; Kner, Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. Wien, XVIII., 36,
1858; Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 59, 1891.

Serrasalmo piranha Spix, Pisce. Bras. p. 71, tab. 28, 1829 (San Francisco
River); Schomburgh, Fish Guiana I., 223, pl. XVI., 1841 (Branco).

Serrasalmo nigricans Spix, 1. ¢., p. 72, tab. 30 (Young?) (Equatorial rivers
of Brazil).

Trocera on Tocantins, one specimen; Brazil, five specimens.
In the younger specimens the second infraorbital is separated
somewhat from the preopercular limb by a naked strip of skin,
while in the older ones it is not thus separated.

153. Pygocentrus scapularis (Ginther).

Serrasalmo scapularis Ginther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 368, 1864 (Esse-
quibo River).

Pygocentrus scapularis Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proce. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIV.,
59) 1891.

Marajo, one specimen.

154. Serrasalmus marginatus Valenciennes.

Valenc., in D. Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Poiss., pl. 10, fig. 1, 1847; Cuy. &
Val., XXII., 277 (Goyaz) ; Kner, Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. Wien, XVIII., 32,
1858 (Guapore ; Cujaba) ; Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 370, 1864 ; id.
Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., 1880 (La Plata) ; Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., XIV., 60, 1891.

One specimen from Brazil.

155. Serrasalmus spilopleura Kner.

Serrasalmo aureus Spix, Pisce. Bras., 72, tab. 29, 1829 (Brazil) ; Cuv. &
Val., XXII.; 282, 1848; Castelnau, Anim. Amer. Sud. Poiss., 71, 1855

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. SciI., VIII,, Feb., 1895—21

298 The South American Characinidzx

(Goyaz) ; Kner, Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. Wien, XVIII., 43, 1860 (Montogrosso,
Rio Vaupe).

Serrasalmo spilopleura Kner, 1. ¢., tab. 5, fig. 11 (Montogrosso ; Rio Guapore ;
Bogota) ; Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 370, 1864 (River Capin) ;
Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIV., 60, 1891.

Habitat :—Tocantins (one specimen); Brazil (three specimens).

156. Serrasalmus gymmnogenys Ginther.

Serrasalmus humeralis Casteln., Anim. Amer. Sud. Poiss. pl. 37, fig. 2, 1855
(Araguay).

Serrasalmo gymnogenys Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 371, 1864 (River
Capin ; British Guiana); Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIX.,
60, 1891.

Habitat:—Marajo (one specimen).

157. Serrasalmus maculatus Kner.

Denkschr. Acad. Wiss., Wien, XVIII., 41, taf. 4, fig. 10, 1858 (Matto-
grosso, Rio Guaporé); Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 371, 1864; Steind.
Flussf. Stdamerika’s, [V., 16, 1882 (Huallaga); Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U.
S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 60, 1891.

Habitat :—Tocantins. (One specimen).

158. Serrasalmus irridopsis Cope.

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1871, 268, pl. IX., fig. 2 (Ambyiaeu);
Kigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 60, 1891.

Tocantins (three specimens). Cope states that this species is
peculiar in the number of its abdomino-thoracie dentation, and
gives the number of serrations as 41. I find only 31 in two of
my specimens as Cope’s figure shows. The third specimen is
somewhat more slender, the dark edges of the caudal and anal
fins are conspicuous, the longitudinal series of round black spots
above tbe lateral line not evident and there are 36 abdominal ser-
rations.

159. Serrasalmus brandtii Reinhardt.
Lutken, Velhas-Flodens Fiske, XTV., 219, 1875 (Rio das Velhas); Eigenm.
& Eigenm., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 60, 1891.

Habitat :—Brazil (two specimens).

160. Serrasalmus irritans Peters.
Monatsb. AK. Wiss. Berlin, 472, 1877 (Fernando de Apure); Eigenm. &
Eigenm., Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 60, 1891.

Habitat :—Marajo, one specimen.

Collected by Charles Frederick Hartt. 299

One specimen from the Lower Amazon. D.I., 14; A. 32; V.
7, scales about 95; head, 34+; depth, 13; abdominal serrations,

35. Palatines with teeth, some indistinct dark spots above the
lateral line.

161. Myletes rhomboidalis Cuvier.

Mem. Mus., IV., 449, pl. 22) fig. 3; Cuv: & Val., XXII., 210, 1848:
“Casteln., Anim. Amer. Sud. Poiss., 67, 1855 (Amazon); Giinther, Cat. Fish.
Brit. Mus., V., 373, 1864 (Essequibo); Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. S. Nat.
Miss ech Ve. 60) 189:

Tetragonopterus latus Schomb., Fish. Guiana, I., 241, 1841 (Rivers of
Guiana).

Myletes latus Mall. & Trosch., Hor. Ichth., I., 37, 1845 (Essequibo).

One specimen from Brazil.

162. Myletes parma Gunther.
Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 374, 1864 (River Capin); Eigenm. &. Eigenm.,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 60, 1891.

Habitat :—Tocantins, one specimen; Brazil, six specimens.

163. Myletes orbignyanus Cuv. & Val.

Cuv. & Val., XXII., 220 (Parana) ; Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V.,
370, 1864 ; Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 60, 1891.

One specimen from Itaituba. This speciinen may be referred
with some doubt to orbignyanus from Gunther’s short description
of it. I have not access to Cuv. & Val., XXII.

164. Myletes hypsauchen Miller and Troschell.

Hor. Ichth., I., 38, tab. 10, fig. 1, 1845 (Essequibo ; Guiana) ; Cuv. & Val.,
XXII., 219 ; Kner, Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. Wien, XVIII., 26, 1860 (Caicara ;
Marabitanos) ; Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 376 (Essequibo River) ;
Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIV., 61, 1891.

Habitat :—Tocantins (one specimen); Itaituba (two specimens).

165. Myletes oligocanthus ( Miller and Troschell).

Myleus oligocanthus Mull. & Trosch., Hor. Ichth., I., 40, tab. 8, fig. 4
(young), 1845 (Surinam).

Myletes oligocanthus Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V., 378, 1864 (Demarara) :
Eigenm. & Eigenm., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV., 61, 1891.

Habitat :—Brazil (one specimen).
166. Myletes lippencottianus Cope.

Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., 561, 1870 (Para, Brazil), Eigenm., Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., XIV., 61, 1891.

300 The South American Characinide.

Two specimens from Brazil. The dorsal has a conspicuous
black bloteh on the upper part of the first rays and the ventrals
are dark colored.

167. Myletes nigripinmis Cope.

Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., 693, 1878 (Peruvian Amazon); Eigenm. &
Eigemn., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIV., 61, 1891.

One specimen, 34 cm. long from Brazil. The depth is half the
length without the caudal, head 34 with the caudal as in Cope’s
specimens. D.18; A. 25; V. 8; P. 16; inferior paired fins not
very short, the first dorsal ray considerably behind the base of
the ventrals and the anal behind the dorsal. The orbit is con-
tained in the head more than five times, the labial beards quite
prominent. Opercle twice as high as long, abdominal serrations
fifty.

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. SCIENCES. VOL. VIII., PLATE VI.

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. SCIENCES. VOL. VIII., PLATE VII.

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ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. SCIENCES. VOL. ViITI.; PLATE LEX,

a

MM

ANNALS
OF THE

NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

The ‘“‘ANNALS,”’ published for over half a century by the Lyceum of
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To all others, prices will be as follows :

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: ; : Fifty cents.
s double or multiple numbers, in proportion.

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Or to ;
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new (Academy) series.

CONTENTS.

' VIII.—A it aa of Seytonotus. By O. F. Coox and A. C.
COOK: 35. a2) Pi

IX.—The South Atberien Cat-fishes hey? to Cornell Uni-
versity. By Epwarp M. KINDLE.

X.—The South American Characinide Collected by Vigne
Frederick Hartt. By ALBERT B. ULREY .

Nos. 6-12.

| November, 1895.

ANNALS

LYCEUM OF N ATURAL HISTORY.

Heo Pork:
PUBLISHED BY THE ACADEMY.
1895.

H. F. OSBORN,

i KO BEES,
H. F. OSBORN,
D. 8. MARTIN,

OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY,

1895-96. es

Corresponding Secretary.
D. 8S. MARTIN.

Gommittee of Publication.

THOS. L. CASHY (Epiror oF ANNALS).

President. ihe Re
J. K. REES. a

Vice- Presidents. pay
J. J. STEVENSON.

i

Recording Secretary. seh.

J. F. KEMP.

Creasurer.

CHAS. F. COX.

J. F. KEMP,
N. L. BRITTON,
WILLIAM HALLOOK.

XI.— The Parallax of 4 Cassiopeix, deduced from Ruther furd
Photographic Measures.

. BY HERMAN S&S. DAVIS.
Read Feb. 4, 1895.

Between July 30, 1870, and December 21, 1873, twenty-seven
negatives of the stars about 7 Cassiopeiz were taken by RutHEr-
FuRD. The conditions of exposure and, indeed, even the dates, as
well as also the methods of measurement and of reduction are

K _ almost identical with those of y and @ Cassiopeizx already reduced

for parallax.* Hence reference to that paper will make clear the
plan followed in the application of corrections for division errors,
the “ tangent correction,” for refraction and for aberration.

The observations have been reduced to the epoch 1872.0, using
AUWERS’ proper motion which is

da = + 0°.1346 dd = — o.'481,

corresponding to a motion of 1.’’1965 on a great circle whose

position angle is 113° 42’ 10’’.. Representing this motion by

(expressed in terms of one division of the glass scale as a unit of
measure = 0*.042712) and the angle by y at the time 1872.0, the.
time of observation by ¢, the position angle of the star relative to

n Cassiopeize by p and its distance by s after the corrections

named in the first paragraph have been applied, we compute}

T = t — 1872

S, = cos (y — p)

S, =— 5, sin? (y— Pp)
P, =79

Ps = T?0?

*The Parallaxes of « and 4 Cassiopeie, deduced from Rutherfurd Photo-
graphic Measures. By Harold Jacoby. Annals N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. VIII.,
gale

Tibid., p. 3.

ANNALS N. Y. Acap. Scr., VIII., April, 1895.—22

302 Rutherfurd Photographic Measures.

The numerical values of these quantities as applicable to the
present purpose are given in Table III., pages 308-9, and the cor-
rection for proper motion is

BNE PE soe oP

to be added to the observed distance s.

The distances thus completely corrected are to be found in the
second and third columns of Table 1V., pages 310-15. The fourth
and fifth columns respectively of the same table contain the swm of
the distances of the two comparison stars from 7 Cassiopeiz and
the difference of that sum from the mean given at the foot of the
fourth column. In the sixth, seventh, and eighth columns are
placed the difference of the distances as given in the second and
third columns; the scale correction, which is simply a propor-
tional part of the quantity given in the column ‘“‘ mean minus
sum ;” and finally the corrected difference to be used in forming
the parallax equations. The latter equations, together with their
solutions, are in Table V., pages 316-21, where the absolute terms
are expressed in units of the second decimal place equivalent to
o.’//2801 as the value of one division of the glass scale.

Using Avuwers’ values of the codrdinates of 7 Cassiopeiz
reduced to 1872.0

a =o" 4I™ 22.*108
0 ='57° 8'-10.’’50

and the almanac values of 7 and ©, the radius vector and longi-
tude of the sun respectively, the values of S,,.8,, P, and P, were
computed by the formulze*

g sin G = sin 0 cos «4 h sin H= sin Oo sin «
g cos G= sin a h cos H = —cos 0

fsin F=h sin (H+ ¢)
J cos & = —cos « cos
S,=/sin (p+ F)
S,=gsin (p+ @)
i 7 Sine)
P, =—r cos ©

m

*Annals N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. VIII., p. 4.

The Parallax of y Cassiopeie. 303

The resulting values for the separate stars and plates are given
in Table III., pages 308-9. From them we derive as the par-
allax coefficient for any one of the equations of Table V.

(S; Ti S’3) P, m1 (S, on S’,) yer

where S’, and S’, refer always to the less distant comparison
star of the pair.

It seemed to me desirable, in view of the exceedingly great
difficulty of getting comparison stars suitably situated either with
respect to position angle or distance, to take a larger number
than usual, and I have consequently reduced six pairs, being all
that were impressed on the plates sufficiently often in both sea-
sons of the year, and the present paper includes all six, though
only three of them are so situated with reference to the parallac-
tic ellipse as to give good coeflicients for z. Every observation
and every plate was used.

In Table II., page 308, will be found the approximate positions
of these stars relative to the central star which the accompanying
diagram also represents graphically, and shows in addition the
direction of the axes of the parallactic ellipse and of the proper
motion of 7 Cassiopeiz.

It should be stated, however, that the circle does not repre-
sent the limits of the field of view, nor are the distances given on
the same scale as those of the plates at the focus of the telescope;
the diagram is intended to give only roughly the relative location
of the stars used in this investigation. It will be noticed how the
N. E. quadrant is inconveniently void of stars bright enough to
be impressed on the plates at all seasons of the year.

The star designated as No. 16 was so numbered by RuTHERFURD
on the plates when measured, but is the same star as No. 45, in
order of right ascension, referred to on page 305.

304 Rutherfurd Photographic Measures.

NoRTH

EAST

SOUTH

The results are:

Prob. error

Comp. Stars. 7 Weight. y one equation

aand b +0.3490.086 21.7800 +0.260-0.081 +0.403
candd +0.385-=0.084 28.9724 +0.165-0.085 =to0.362
eandf +0.568-F0.056 29.6264 +0.378+0.078 =0.305
gandh -+0.662+0.078 8.2443 +0.232--0.049 =.2740
7~and j -+0.660-0.138 6.1457 —o.111+0.066 0.342
kand 1 +0.2970.155 6.1365 —0.070=£0.073 =E0.384

From these we get as the value of the parallax of 7 Cassiopeiz

12 — = 0.443 se 0.043 using the first three pairs only
or = + 0.465 +0.044 using all six pairs.

It would be quite unsafe to conclude that the small result de-
rived from the stars & and / is due to a parallax of one or other

The Parallax of 4 Cassiopeie. 305

of these two; yet it may not be amiss to state that if we combine,
to form a comparison pair,

1 with a we get 7 == + 0.282 + 0.197 weight 5.1956 p. e. one equation 0.4492
i with k T= + 0.359 + 0.124 8.0319 =0.3516

Results by other observers for the parallax of 7 Cassiopeiz are :

dé ad
O. Struve* 7 =-+ 0.373 + 0.098 by measures of position angle
=-+0.096 +0051 ‘ Ss ‘* distance
concluded mean -+ 0.//154 + 0.//045

dé “d
Schweizert and Socoloff 7 = -- 0.1386 + 0.0849 by measures of position angle
== —|10,3743 == 0.0723. “ s ‘* distance
concluded mean +- 0./’2750 + 0.’/0551

STRUVE is not explicit in his statement, but the evidence seems
to be that his comparison star was the same as that used by
ScHWEIzER, namely, No. 45 on these plates, and whose position, as
given by the RuUTHERFURD measures,} is

a= OF 41” 49.°555
= aie 6’ 8.1187

reduced from twelve plates whose mean epoch is 1873.016 re-
ferred to 7 Cassiopeie at the epoch 1872.0 assuming its coordi.
nates at that date to be as given on page 302. Thisis DM. 57°155.

From the values of y obtained in the solution of the normal
equations a correction for the assumed proper motion of 7 Cas-
siopeiz may be computed from equations of the form§

(cos p — cos p’) w + (sin p — sin p’) v — y =0

where w= the correction required by the adopted value of o cos ¥

v= 6é 66 66 oe p sin %

and p,p’ = the position angle of the comparison stars, the primed
letter referring always to the less distant of the two.

*Bulletin Physico-Mathématique de 1’ Académie de Saint-Pétersbourg, vol.
xiv., p. 228, published 1855.

fT Annales de l’Observatoire de Moscou, vol. viii., part 2, p. 89, published
1882.

{ The Rutherfurd Photographic Measures of Sixty-two Stars about 7 Cassio-
peiae. By Herman §. Davis. Contrib. from the Obsery. of Columbia College,
No. 7.

@ Annals N. Y. Acad. Sci.; Vol. VIII., p. 10.

306 Rutherfurd Photographic Measures.

The equations thus obtained are:

Stars a,b + 1.9146 w + 0.4593 v — 0.2598 =0
Cn) TRZ2)) "1017773 --— O59 — 10
é,f — 0.8337 + 0.8176 — 0.3781 =o
Gg, = 1.5436. | +E P26Ts.. — 16.2318 —"0:
ty J. = 1.9001" 420.1171 -- Ome —_ 0
k,l + 1.9950 — 0.0461 + 0.0698 =06
from which the normal equations are:
+ 18.0319 Ww — 1.4917 v — 0.2087 =a
yf 200 “12170 -——10
and the solution gives:
Ww — On O200 == 0. O147
v=-+ 0.220424 40.0264
the probable error of one equation === Gs olf

Applying these corrections to the values previously assumed,

Corrected p sin y = + 1./3160 = da cos 0
6 Arh a ee / = 4G
p cosy = 0.4512 = do
which gives da = + 081617 Ad = — 0.''4512

corresponding to a motion of 1.’’3912 on a great circle whose
position angle is 108° 55’ 30 ”’.

Considering the difficulties that beset the investigation of the
parallax of this star, and the probability that all previous deter-
minations have been made with a single comparison star, which
may itself have a parallax; considering also the large differences
exhibited by the separate results of other observers, it would
seem that the result here given is not impossibly large, if the
RUTHERFURD plates are subject to no systematic error. Whether
such error exist or not, these plates of 7 Cassiopeia seem at any
rate entirely unsuited for an investigation of it, and I have there-
fore in the preparation of this paper confined myself strictly to
the methods and formule and oftea even to the phraseology of
Professor Jacoby in his paper on py and @ Cassiopeie, already
several times referred to, since this is but one in a series of many
papers to be produced from the Rutherfurd measures, and since
in such a series uniformity is desirable.

A catalogue of all the stars (62) on these plates has been re-
served for a separate paper which will be published soon, as No.
T of Contributions from the Observatory of Columbia College.

The Parallax of 4 Cassiopeie. 307

TABLE I.—GENERAL DatTa.
OBSERVATORY OF L. M. RuTHERFURD, NEw York.

Lat. = 40° 43’ 48/7.5. JLong. = 4555™ 56s. 62 W.

Sidereal Hour Zen. Parall. Ext. Focal
Time. Angle. Dist. Angle. | Temp. | Mie’r.

ie} °
1870 July 30 | 21h 32™M15§8 202 50535 34.20 — 97.95
1870 July 30 7 320 | 21 26 $8 | 29.55 |—107.02
1870 Aug. 4 12 18.11 —1I49.92
1870 Aug. 4 26 22.26 —127.44
1871 July 17 20 46.34 |— 79.34
1871 July 17 39.30 — 89.58

Du —&W NH
POI II
lo oRNoyNe yok <e)

=
WwW

41.55 + 86.20
19.71 |+141.56
23.23 123.93
32.10 +101.87

1871 Dec. 15
; 1872 Jan. 2
1872 Jan. 2
1872 Jan. 5

OO ON
Sue at Ge
Nolo} vole)

&® N NO

1872 June 30 40.90 —
1872 June 30 36.74 —

eu

| 1872 July 19 50.24
1872 July 19 ) 45.38

CrIO C
Oven
DO AH
‘J

1873 Jan. 9 32.64
1873 Jan. Io 8 22.60
| 1873 Jan. Io 26.34

feotnat
HHH
HNO
ti ONO
OH
eNIH
Lae tat fae |

| 1873 July 15 47.72
1873 July 15 8 43-79

1873 July 20 5 51.48
| 1873 July 20 : 46.71
| 1873 July 21 ; 50.42

“SI~sJI“] On]
wenn
COM Onli NI

oS)
“ION Oo
© N NI Oo Go

1873 Dec. 15 | 19.20 |+-142.14 |
1873 Dec. 15 23.21 |+-123.99

1873 Dec. 18 26.85 |--113.34
1873 Dec. 18 8 : 32.64 |+- 100.81

1873 Dec. 21 21.18 |+131.87

Sela RL ae aaa eS py- oe
Co CO CO CO

\O

308 Rutherfurd Photographic Measures.

TABLE II].—COMPARISON STARS.

No. in
Designation A. G. Cat.
of Comp. Helsing fors-
Star. Gotha.

Mag. in
A. G. Cat.

658
639
687
621

713
609

Approx. Position Referred to 7 Cass.

Position Angle.

TABLE IIJ].—PrRopER MOTION AND PARALLAX.

Proper Motion.

Parallax.

a
b
e
d
e

J
g
h
i

a]
k
l

The Parallax of 4 Cassiopeie.

309

TABLE III (continued).—PRoPER MOTION AND PARALLAX.

Proper Motion.

OO MONA NALWDNHA

0.0004
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000

-++0.0005
+-0,.0005

+-0.0439
+-0.0439

+-0.0070
-+-0.0070
-+-0.0070

+-0.0070
+-0.0071

Parallax.

—o.8024
—o.8024
—0.7485
—0.7485
—0.9210

—0.9210
+-0.9783
0.9610
-+0.9610
+0.9487

—1I.0025
—1I.0025
—0.8994
—0.8994
0.9235

+0.9173
9.9173
—0.9308
—0.9308
—o.8920

—o.8920
—o.8850
0.9792
0.9792
0.9827

-+-0.9827
+-0.9835

--0.6213
--+-0.6213
+-0.6843
+0.6843
+0.4295

+-0.4295
+-0.1054
—o.2078
—0.2078
—0o. 2586

+-0.1696
+o. 1696
0.4725
+-0.4725
—0. 3380

—0.3546

Rutherfurd Photographic Measures.

TABLE I V.—OBSERVATIONAL DATA.

COMPARISON STARS @ AND 0.

Corrected Distance.

Plate | _
No.

Star a.

47.2431
.2506
e252
.2382
.2620
.2514
.2541
2236
.2426
.2626
.2714
.2570
-2544
-2495
.2588
.2605
-2497
.2491
.2500
E2270
.2289
.2356
.2324
.2366

Star b.

40.7833
-7693
.7816
.7841
-7327
-7583
-7492
-7742
7731
.7780
.7650
-7412
-7470
-7483
-7796
-7734
-79824
7776
-7828
-7802
.7862
-7737
-7818
-7778

Mean,

Sum
a+b.

88.0264
88.0199
88.0338
88.0223

87.9947
88.0097

| 88.0033
| 87.9978

88.0157
88.0406
88.0364
87.9952
88.0014
87.9978
88.0384
88.0339
88.0321
88.0267
88.0328
88.0173
88.0151
88.0093
88.0142
88.0144
88.0180

Mean
Minus Sum

|
Difference _ Corrected
a—b. Scale Corr. Difference:

—.0084
—.0019
—.o158
—.0043
+-.0233
-+-.0083

+.0147

+-.0202
++ 0023

—.0226 |

—.o184
--.0198
+-.0166
+-.0202
—.0204
—.0159
—.O141
—,.0087

—.o148

-+-.0007

+-,0029 |

-++-.0087
-+-.0038

- +.0036

6.4581
.4809
4674
+4532
+5349
-4945
.5078
-4534
.4700
.4801
5027
.5198
.5107
5052
4751
.4839
4645
.4698
.4642
-4570
-4433
.4636
4514
-4595

Assumed Value, 6.4800

The Parallax of 4 Cassiopeie. 311

TABLE I V.—OBSERVATIONAL DATA.

COMPARISON STARS G AND d.

Corrected Distance.

Sum. Mean Difference oo.)5 a Corrected
i - 7 Scé gh °

e+d. ‘MinusSum e—d. °° ale Corr Difference.

Star ce. Star d.

'121.4926 | 75.2954 196.7880 ; .0040 46.1932
| .4826 .3091 -7917 3 .0048 .1687
50280) 0 2021. .7664 | + ; -.0003 .2405
.4960 .2684 -7644 : .0007 .2283
-4978 .2661 -7639 | + .2317 .0008 .2325
-4954| 2605 +7559 -0024| .2373
AS .2842 -7553 : .0025 .1894
-4750 .2853 -7603 : .OO15 -IQI2
-4903 .2538 -7441 j .0047 .2412
.4996 .2540 -7530 -245 -,0028 .2484
.4969 .2505 -7474 : .OO4I .2505
.2854 .7850 : .0034 .2108
.2979 -7979 ; —.0060 - 1961
.2807 -7823 F —.0029 .2180
-2985 -7817 ako —.0028 .1819
.2759 -7665 | +-.0013 : +0003 .2150
.2933 -7697 ; d —,0004 .1827
.2894 SO72 , .1884 | +.0001 .1885
.2762 -7528 | + : -+.0030 .2034
520801! OLS : +-.0013 .1956
Mean, 196.7678 Assumed Value, 46.2100

312 Rutherfurd Photographic Measures.

TABLE I V.—OBSERVATIONAL DATA.

COMPARISON STARS e AND /.

Corrected Distance. | | |
Plate Sum Mean Difference . aleC Corrected
No. ‘ | e+f. \minusSum) e—/f, (Cale COIT. NHifference.
Star e. Star f. | |
|

| 64.7454 | 60.4758 125.2212 | —.0167 | 4.2696 | —.0017 | 4.2679
.7406 -4776 21625) —.0137 ||. °.2630)|'—.00130|) eo
-7483 -4524 .2007 | +.0038 | .2959 | +-0004 .2963
-7563 -453I | .2094 | —.0049 | .3032 | —.0005 -3027
-7999 4854 1953 | +.0092 | .2245 | +.0009 | .2254
.7082 .4QII .1993 | +.0052 | .217I1 | +.0005 | .2176
-7010 .5089 .2099 —.0054 .1921 | .1916

STA. .4965 .2139 | —.0094 .2209 | —. \) § 22200
-7307 -4512 ez). -|-O166) |) 26555 —/-. .2872
-7250 .4599 | .1849| +.0196 | .2651 | +. | 267m
7221 4584 105 | = =.0240 ||. 2687 | .2661
- 7092 .4969 -2061 | —.0016 | .2123 : fee azzieAie
.7169 .4809 .1978 | +.0067 | .2360 | +. .2367
Ay elem PY Ko) @ § .211I1 | —.0066 | .2489 : | .2482
-7449 .4756 .2205 —.0160 | .2693 | —. .2677
-7456 .4676 .2132 | —.0087 | .2780 | —. Sey frp!
-7322 .4738 -2060 | —.00I15 | .2584 ; .2582
-7396 -4656 | .2052| —.0007 | .2740 : .2739

Mean, 125.2045 Assumed Value, 4.2540

The Parallax of q Cassiopeie. 313

TABLE I V.—OBSERVATIONAL DATA.

CoMPARISON STARS g AND h.

| Corrected Distance. |

Plate | ’ = Sum Mean Difference} )Corrected

No. | - ; g+h. minusSum g—h. (|ScaleCorr.| Difference.
| Star g. Star h.

108.3264 100.6776 209.0040 : 7.6488 | —.0021 | 7.6467
-3150 .6915 209.0065 : .6235 | —.0024 .6211
Ls Retest .6785 208.9936 : | .6366 | —.oo1t .6355
-3047 .6785 208.9832 ; .6262 | —.ooo1 -6261
3063 .6762 208.9825 | +. .6301 | +-.0000 .6301
.2992 .6905 208.9897 : | .6087 | — 0007 .6080
.2783 .6801 208.9584 | +. | .5982 | +.0024 .6006
-2743; .6936 |208.9679! +. 3 | .5807 | +.0015 .5922
3015 .7180 209.0195 : | -5835 | —-0037 .5798
.2956 .7102 209.0058 : .5854 | —.0023 -5931
.2905 .6693 208.9598 | +. .6212 | +.0023]| .6235
.2950 .6752 |208.9702 | ++. | .6198 | +.0013 .6211
.2910 ~=.6629 208.9539 , +. .6281 | +.0029 .6310
.2972 .7020 208.9992 | —. | 5952 | —.0oo16 .5936
.2885 .6932 |208.9817 ; | .5953 | --.000I 5954
-3087 .6796 208.9883 3 .6291 | —.0006 .6285
. 3024 -6717 |208.9741 : .6307 | +.0009| .6316
.2968 .6788 208.9756 : .6180 | +.0007 .6187
-2991| .6803 |208.9794 +. -6188 | +.0003 .6191
.2885 | .6720 |208.9605 1, .6165 | +.0022| .6187

Mean, 208.9827 Assumed Value, 7.6100

314 Rutherfurd Photographic Measures.

TARLE I V.—OBSERVATIONAL DATA.
CoMPARISON STARS 7 AND ).

| 3
Sum Mean | Difference | Corrected

Corrected Distance. | |
|
| | ° ~ ° . | oT s
| zg+j. (minusSum) i—j. |Scale Corr.| Difference.
| | |

|

Star 7. Star j.

| 97.9511 | 93.3217 |191.2728 | —.0390 | 4.6294 | —. 4.6255
| .962T .3005 | .2626) —.0288 .6616 : .6587
oR .3102 | .2638| —.0300 | .6434 : .6404
.9062 .3322 .2384 | —.0046 | .5740 ‘ 25735
-9142 23137, | 12279) --/0059 .6005 F .6011
-9135 -3153 .2288 | +.0050 .5982 | ++. .5987
59013, |, Ears 2137 | -+.0201 .5889 | +. 5909
.9102 -2OL5) || 207, | —=.022 Tal -6OS87mle—(-s .6109
.9172 .3025 -2197 | --.014I1 | .6147 | —-. .6161
.9327 -3057 .2384 | —.0046 | .6270 | —. .6265
9060 -3139 | -2199| +.0139 | -592I | +- 5935
-9038 | .3065 | .2103|) +.0235 | .5973 | +: -5997
-9304 -3179 .2483 | —.0145 | .6125 | —. .6110
-912I | .3163 | °2284] +.0054 | .5958 | +. .5963
P2995) e213) ee OL 5 5 al) a OS 2Sailteere .6507
-3132 | .2581 | —.0243 .6317 : .6293
3025 -2341 | —.0003 .6291 3 .6291
~2083.| = 228Ta 5.0057.) 0305. | aa. .6321
.2925 -2145 | -+-0193 .6295 | +- -6314
£2905 41) 2212) e O25) |) o25a : .6295
.2926 | .2197| -+.0141 .6345 | +. .6359
Mean, I91.2338 Assumed Value, 4.6200

The Parallax of 4 Cassiopeie. 315

TABLE I V.—OBSERVATIONAL DATA.

CoMPARISON STARS & AND 7.

Corrected Distance.

Mean _| Difference!caaje Gorr,| Comrected
yminusSum|) A—i. |~~~ ~~~ “| Difference
Star k. Star J.

76.4769 | 65.6116 |142.0885 | —.0202 | 10.8653 | —.o040 | 10.8613
.4789 .6083 .0872 | —.o189g .8706 | —.0038 .8668
.4862 -6115 .0977 | —.0294 .8747 .005 .8688

.4861 .6210| .1071 | —.0388 SGsn ie | .8573

-4750 .6231 -0g8I | —.0298 3 | —, | .8459

.4821 .5588 .0409 | +.0274 | +. .9288

.4786 -5826 .0612 | +.0071 . | +. A) .8974

-4756 -5848 .0604 | +.0079 8 | +, | .8924

4723 -5915 .0538 | +.0145 .8908 | +. |, 28037.

.4578 -5792 .0370 | +.0313 oe | +. | .8849

.4914 -6053 .0967 | —.0284 8 — | .8804

-4915 : -O715 | —.0032 | . | —. .9109

-4720 ; .0451 | +.0232 8 } +, | .9035

ATO) Me if .0498 | +-.0185 .9076 | +. Byfdt © Koei

4886 | 58 .0690 | —.0007 .g08 | .go8r

.4958 5882 | .0840 | —.0157 | .907 : | «9045

.4828 | .5§ -0709 | —.0026 ‘ : | .8942

.4679 : | .0686 | —.0003 5 : | .8671

.4654| . | .0656| +.0027 8 : | .8657

.4576 : .0478 ; +.0205 | .867 -, Hees

.4693 3 70588) E0145 | ; | este

.4630 : | .0487| +.0196 | .877 : .8812

Mean, 142.0683 Assumed Value, 10.8860

316 Rutherfurd Photographic Measures.

TABLE V.—PARALLAX EQUATIONS.

COMPARISON STARS @ AND DJ.

Plate. v
I I.00v —I.42y +1.497 —2.19 =O —2.61
4 1.00 —I.41 +1.56 0.09 = © —0.23
5 1.00 —o. 46 +1.23 —1I.26 = 6 —I.II
6 1.00 —0o.46 +1.23 —2.68 == (6) —2.53
7 1.00 —0o.04 —0o.38 +5.40 = 0 +3.93
8 1.00 +0.01 —o.89 +1.48 = © —o.58
se) 1.00 -++0.01 —0o.96 +2.78 = © +0.64
II I.00 +0.50 +0.85 —2.66 = 6 —2.10
12 T.00 +0.50 +0.85 —1I.00 == 0 —0o.44
13 1.00 +0.55 -+-1.29 -+0.01 = © +1.17
14 1.00 ++0.55 1.29 +2.27 = 10 +3.43
15 T.00 +-1.02 —1.08 +3.98 — TO +2.63
16 1.00 +1.03 —I.11 3.07 == 0 -+-1.69
17, 1.00 So} —I.II +2.52 ==) (0) -+-+1.14
18 1.00 +1.54 +1.20 —0o.49 == 0 +1.48
19 1.00 +1.54 -+1.20 +0.39 = © +2.36
20 1.00 +1.55 +1.31 —1.55 = 10 +0.56
21 1.00 1.55 =-1.31 —1I.02 ——0 -+-1.09
22 1.00 +1.56 +1.33 —1.58 = © -++0.57
23 1.00 +1.96 —0.39 —2.30 = € —1.92
24 1.00 +1.96 —0.39 —3.67 a —3.29
25 1.00 +1.97 —o.48 —1.64 ao —1I.37
26 1.00 --1.97 —o.48 —2.86 = 6 —2.59
27 1.00 +1.97 —0.57 —2.05 6) —1.89
2? = 95.45
Normal Equations.

+24.0000% +-18.9800y ++ 8.30007 — 4.9600 = 0

40.0044 — 1.2806 —17.3438 =o

127.1124 —24.6113 = 0

Solution.
In units of 2d dec. place. In Are.

/ 4/
+1.2446 --0.3080 7 = +.0.3486 0.0863
0.9276 0.2877 y = +0.2598 0.0806
—0.9574 +0.2936 «&% = —o.2682 0.0822

li tl

Scale. Are.
Probable error of one equation = +1.438 = +0//.403

The Parallax of 4 Cassiopeie. 317

TABLE V.—PARALLAX EQUATIONS.

COMPARISON STARS ¢€ AND d.

Plate. v
4 1.007 —I.41y +1.767 —1.68 = © —0.67
6 1.00 —o.46 +1.48 —4.13 == 10 —2.94
i 1.00 —0.04 —0.65 +3.05 =O +1.56
8 T.00 +-0,01 —I.15 +1.83 = 0 —0.32
9 1.00 +0.01 —I.15 =| 2225 = 10) -++0. 10
Io 1.00 -+0.01 —I.23 = 2573 = © ++0.47
II I.00 +0.50 +1,12 —2.06 =. —o.8o0
12 1.00 -+0.50 +1.12 —1.88 => oO —o.62
15 T.00 -+1.02 —I.34 argh = © SR BE
16 I.00 +1.03 —1.36 + 3.84 == © 2.01
17 1.00 +1.03 —1.36 +4.05 = 50 2.22
18 T.00 +1.54 +1.46 ++0.08 == 50 +2,42
19 1.00 “1.54 +1.46 —1.39 ori Ho) -+0.95
20 I.00 +1.55 +1.55 + 0.80 = Oo +3.27
22 I.00 6, +1.56 +1.57 —2.81 = 0 —0.31
i 23 1.00 -+-1.96 —0.67 -+0.50 —— sO) -+0.16
24 1.00 +-1.96 —0.67 —2.73 = © —3.07
25 1.00 =- 1.97 —o.76 —2.15 == © —2.61
26 1.00 -+1.97 —o.76 —o.66 = 10) —1I.02
27 I.00 -+1.97 —o.84 —1.44 ==) 0) —2.01
2v?—62.46

Normal Equations.
+20.0000+ + 18.22007 — 0.42007 + 1.3200 =o

+ 34.7690 — 4.1472 — 4.3505 =o
+ 29.7612 —38.6706 =o

Solution.
In units of 2d dee. place. In Are.
T == —-1.3735 == ©3002 Qt = 0.3847 +0.0841
y = +0.5902 + 0.3036 y = +0.1653 0.0850
4% = —0.5748 + 0.2828 == —0.1610 0.0792

: Seale. Are.
Probable error of one equation = + 1.293 = + 0/’.362.

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., VIII., April, 1895.—23

318

Rutherfurd Photographic Measures.

TABLE V.—PARALLAX EQUATIONS.

CoMPARISON STARS e€ AND f/f.

v

1.00% —I.42y --1.04m 1.39 = © SOLS?
1.00 —o.46 +1.30 +0.77 = © +1.74
1.00 —+-0.01 ——1- AA. +4.23 = © 0.27,
1.00 +0.01 —I.44 +4.87 = Oo +-0.28
1.00 -+0.50 +1.52 —2.86 = Oo —o0.15
1.00 -+-0.50 +1.52 —3.64 —— O —0.93
1.00 +0.55 +1.25 —6.24 = 6 —4.01
1.00 =+-0.55 SEAS —3.40 == © —I1.17
1.00 Sp sO2 —1.33 SEBS EZ = © 0.95
1.00 =-1.03 —I.32 Seog == © S102
1.00 +-1.03 —— ea aimee = © ee
1.00 +-1.54 +1.32 —4.19 = © —o.48
1.00 +1.55 SPUR —1.73 = © +1.81
1.00 +1.56 +-1,21 —o.558 = Oo +2.93
1.00 +-1.96 —1.58 +1.37 = © —0.24
1.00 -+-1.96 —1.58 +.2.31 = O +0.70
I.00 -+-1.97 —1.56 +-0.42 = © —I.14
1.00 Se sy7/ SSE —+-1.99 = € ++0.45
PAYS mes 218) 31)
Normal Equations.

--18.000cz +15.8300y — 1.48007 +- 0.5500 = oO

29.1481 — 9.7778 — 2.8854 =o

+34.4666 —58.2440 = oO

Solution.
In units of 2d dec. place. In Are.

ih —) —-2.027 7) ==0:2001 in = 0.5680 +0,0560

y = +1.3500 0.2792 y = +0.3781 0.0782

uw == —I.O51II 0.2567 “% = —0.2944 +0,0719

Seale. Are.

—— 1 OOO l——s-O111 205

Probable error of one equation

The Parallax of 4 Cassiopeix. 319

TABLE V.—PARALLAX EQUATIONS.

CoMPARISON STARS g AND h.

Plate. v

I I.oor —1.42y +0.177 +3.67 = ©¢ +2.75
4 1.00 —I.41 +0.04 III = 6) —o.II
7 1.00 —0.04 —I.01 +2.55 a) —0.02
8 1.00 0.01 —o.76 +1.61 = © —0.29
9 1.00 0.01 —o.76 +-2.01 = @ +o.11
Io 1.00 +-0.01 —0.70 —0.20 = € —1.96
II 1.09 +0.50 +0.84 —0.94 = ¢ +-1.31
12 1.00 0.50 +0.84 —2.78 = © ——O153
13 1.00 +0.55 =-0.42 —3.02 = 6 —I1.72
14 I.00 +0.55 +0.42 —2.69 = © —1.39
15 1.00 +1.02 —0.59 +1.35 = © +0.65
16 1.00 +1.03 —0o.56 +111 = © +0.49
17 1.00 +1.03 —o.56 +2.10 = © +1.48
18 1.00 +1.54 +0.52 —1.64 = © 0.72
20 1.00 +1.55 -++0.40 —1.46 = © +0.62
23 1.00 +1.96 —I.10 +1.85 = © +0.73
24 1.00 -+-1.96 —I.10 +2.16 = ¢ +1.04
25 1.00 +-1.97 —I.05 +0.87 = © —0.13
26 1.00 = 1.97, —1.05 -++0.91 = © —0.09
27 1.00 +1.97 —0.99 +0.87 = © 0,02
x v?—=23.80

Normal Equations.
+20.0000% +-15.26007 — 6.58007 +- 9.4400 = 0

+32.3736 — 9.7115 + 1.13000
+11.4706 —21.2136=o0

Solution.
In units of 2d dec. place. In Arc.
7 = + 2.3631 + 0.2780 T+ 0.6619 0.0779
y =-+ 0.8277 + 0.1753 y = -+ 0.2318 0.0491
x = — 0.1459 + 0.1760 x = — 0.4087 0.0493

Scale. Are.
Probable error of one equation = --0.798 = -+-0’’.274

3

0

Rutherfurd Photographic Measures.

TABLE V.—PARALLAX HQUATIONS.

CoMPARISON STARS 7 AND /j.

1.00% —I.42y —I.057 -++0.55 = Oo 0,23
1.00 —I1.42 —I.05 +3.87 = © -+3.09
1.00 —I.41 —I1.15 +2.04 = Oo +-1.02
1.00 —0.04 —0.12 —4.65 = 0 —3.79
1.00 -+-0.01 +0.38 —1.89 = © +0.13
I.00 +0.01 +-0.38 —2.13 sO —O.II
1.00 -+0.01 +0.47 —2.91 = © —o.68
1.00 -+0.50 —0.32 —o.9I == © —0.73
1.00 -+-0.50 —0. 32 —0.39 == © —0.21
1.00 +0.55 —o.81 +-0.65 = © —0.35
1,00 +1.02 0.60 —2.65 = © —oO.51
1.00 =o 0.62 2038 = © =-0.15
1.00 1.54 —0o.71 —0.90 == © —2.06
1.00 +-1.55 —o.84 —2.37 == © —3.83
1.00 +-1.55 —o 84 +-3.07 == © --1.60
1.00 +1.56 —o.86 +0.93 = © —0.59
1.00 -++1,96 —o0.1I --0.91 == € -+1.00
1.00 -+1.96 —O.II =-L.21 —— a0) —- 1.30
1.00 1.97 —0.02 +1.14 = © +1.44
1.00 Sse )y/ ==0,02 -+-0.95 = O —+-1.25
1.00 -++1.97 -+-0.06 +1.59 = © +2.08
Xv? = 58.95
Normal Equations.
-+21.0000% -+-15.3700y —5.82007 — 3.9200 =o
+37.8627 —0.325I — 1.5679 =o

In units 2d dee.

+8.3404 —13.2118 =o

Solution.

place.

T == —+2.3578 =:0.4923
y = —0.3975 0.2366
% == +1.1310 0.2664

In Are.

== 0.6604 +0.1379
y = —O.III3 0.0663
vx = +0.3168 --0.0746

Seale. Are.

Probable error of one equation = +1.221 = +0/’.342

Mac)
i
f
us
tae)

eH He He eH eR HR
OWAANKRWNHO ON DN HPWH oC

iS)
N

Ny bw hk
awn B

iS)
“I

The Parallax of 4 Cassiopeie.

TABLE V.—PARALLAX EQUATIONS.

COMPARISON STARS & AND lI.

T.00% . —I.42y

I.00
I.00
I.00
I.00
I.00
I.00
I.00
I.00
I.00
I.00
I.00
I,00
I,00
I.00
1.00
I.00
I.00
I.00
I.00
1,00
I.00

i

|

ae
|

—I.41
—I.4I
—o.46
—o.46

+1.117
+1.21
-+ 1.21
+o.81
+0.81
+0.06
—0.45
=-9.45
+0.39
+0.39
+-0.88
+0.88
—o.66
—o.68
-++0.77
+0.77
-+0.92
+0.05
+-0.05
—0o.04
—0.04
=O UZ

— 2.47
—1.92
—1.72
—2.87
—4.o1
+4.28
+1.14
+-0,64

+0.77

Normal Equations.
-+22.0000% +13.4400y + 7.87007 — 0.8600 = o

-+36.1266

Solution.
In units of 2d dee. place.

-+1.0603 0.5529
—0.2493 10.2591
—0.1879 0.2919

eS

Seca

‘f
—I.13
—0.47
—0.27
—2.08
3.22
+4.17
+0.47
—0.03
+0.87
—0.O1
+-0.05
+3.10
--0.61
+ 1.36
12.45
+ 2.09
+1.22
—— Dail
—2.65
—2.17
to
—1.29

(Sey Ite UI es ILS Teel elles esThe i eee es ena a a

(xj (©) {ey te) 19) (6) (©) ©) Te) te) ©) ie) ©) © ©) ey fee) ©) ) te)" le) ©)

Ue 7632

— 2.1518 -+13.8148 — 0
+10.6869

—10.3893 — oO
In Are
4 4/
.2970 0.1549

.0698 0.0726
.0526 0.0818

le. Are.

Probable error of one equation = +1.370 = +0.//384

+)

XII.—On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City.*
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, A. M.
Read February 18, 1895.

It was suggested to me by Dr. T. Mitchell Prudden that a
promising field for research existed in determining the identity of
the bacteria commonly occurring in the air of New York.

Very early in the investigation a practical difficulty in the way
of determining species became apparent. This resulted from the
lack of any monographic treatment of the subject from the speci-
fic point of view. I find the same difficulty is met with by other
investigators. Dr. Paul Schneider begins his inaugural address
with these words: “Im Laufe der letzten Jahre sind nach und
nach eine solche Menge verschiedener Bakterienarten beschrieben
worden, dass es demjenigen, der sich nicht fortwihrend damit
beschiftigt, zur Zeit ganz unmdglich ist, sich in dieser Pflanzen-
gruppe, die zwar arm an Formen, aber reich in Arten ist, zurecht
zu finden.”

It was thought that this difficulty could be overcome by the
facilities possessed by the bacterial laboratory in the College of
Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia College, with its consider-
able collection of living species, which might be directly compared
with those obtained from the air. Further, a collection of fifty
species was ordered from Kral’s bacterial laboratory at Prague
with this special object in view. It was found, however, that the
determinations of the species were not always authentic, as seen
by the fact that when planted on the standard media many of
them contradicted their published characters. The only cultures
on which dependence could be placed were a few authentic ones
which the college has received, identified by Dr. Sternberg, and
those species from the college collection which Dr. Cheesman has
had occasion to work out. Therefore, I have had to rely mostly
on the published descriptions for identification of my cultures.

* Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy, in the University Faculty of Pure Science, Columbia
College.

- On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City. 3238

For this reason, I have felt some hesitation about describing new
species. but I see no other so satisfactory way of treating the
undetermined cultures. The method of simply describing them
without the application of a scientific name is eminently confus-
ing, as I have experienced in going over the literature. I do not
think it should be commended even though it may avoid the pos-
sible creation of synonymic names.

SPECIES AMONG THE BACTERIA.

The appearance of the new work on water bacteria* by the
Franklands, with its appendix repeating the old descriptions of
bacteria, brings up again the practical difficulty in the determina-
tion of species. There is nothing to be said of these descrip-
tions which would not apply equally to those of any of the recent
diagnostic treatises such as those of Eisenberg or Sternberg ; all
are in an equally unsatisfactory condition.

This condition is due not to a lack of discrimination on the
part of the authors of these works, but to a faulty method of de-
scribing species which has come to be prevalent. The result is
illustrated in Frankland’s synoptie table, which, for example,
contains ninety species under a single heading (bacilli which
liquefy gelatin, p 396), these species only to be distinguished by
laboriously reading through the several descriptions, many of
which present no tangible points of difference. Dr. Sternberg,
too, has made a valiant and praiseworthy effort to prepare a
“bacterial diagnosis” (See Manual of Bacteriology, pp. 753-768),
but the positive differential characters given in the several de-
scriptions became exhausted long before he reached the separa-
tion of individual species.

Let us look into the matter a little further. La Semaine
Medicale of June 16, 1894, contains an article by Drs. F. Helme
and Paul Raugé, in which the authors review the characters
which are in use to separate the genera and species of the bacteria.
As they point out the ultimate characters used to separate species
are physiological. The generic characters are morphological, but
of such a nature as would scarcely be considered reliable among
the higher forms. This results from the simple organization of
the bacteria. As we proceed from the higher to the lower forms

* ““Micro-organisms in Water,’’ by Perey Frankland, Ph. D., and Mrs.
Percy Frankland (1894).

324 On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City.

of life, the organization becomes simpler, till with the bacteria
we reach organisms which present extremely slight differences,
so slight that morphology almost fails to furnish generic charac-
ters, and entirely fails to differentiate every species.

If conjugation is absent among the bacteria, and has never
been present, the cells reproducing always by fission into equiva-
lent parts, a condition of affairs should exist such as assumed by
Weismann for the primitive form of life, and we should see all
characters acquired by any species under the influence of external
conditions, strictly inherited. In this case, there would be no such
thing as species among the bacteria, merely an indefinite number of
intergrading varieties. A given culture would probably show con-
stant characters, but it would scarcely be expected that another
culture would ever be found to show exactly the same characters.

But owing to the nature of the bacteria, dependent, for the
most part, on previously prepared nourishment, it seems more
probable that they are degraded forms, perhaps derived from
ancestors in which the sexual process was represented. More-
over, the strict inheritance of acquired characters does not occur,
since modified species may return to their original characters.
Further, it is scarcely possible to eliminate the effects of selective
action, which may be the true agent in producing the differences
seen in species apparently modified by the environment. Also
the power of spore formation under appropriate conditions
seems to show that the ‘germ plasm” and “ somatoplasm” of
these lowly organisms are not identical.

In view of these considerations, it seems safer to regard the
species of bacteria as true species, doubtless variable within
certain limits, possibly sometimes polymorphic, but on the whole
comparable with species in the higher forms of life. Still the
absence of amphimixis must show an effect in a multiplication of
races (in contradistinction to varieties) in excess of the number
of such forms to be met with higher in the organic scale.

The generic characters are discussed pretty fully by Drs.
Helme and Raugé in the article above alluded to. They conclude
that the best characters available are the form of the elements
and their mode of association; that is, they endorse the present
arrangement. As regards motility, they discard it. They say:
‘“‘ce caractere n’offre ni assez de varieté, ni surtout assez de con-
stance, pour apporter dans une nomenclature des données quelque

On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City. 325

peu précises.” They overlook the fact that though the motility
may vary, the flagella may be uniformly present as shown by
Moore in the case of B. coli-ccommunis,* and further the varying
arrangement of these flagella when present, as shown by the
classification of Messea.+ It appears to the writer, that with a
perfectly satisfactory method of staining, the structures upon
which motility depends should form the basis of a more nearly
natural classification than any in general use. At present, how-
ever, the practical difficulties are too great to allow of rapid and
accurate work on such a basis.

So far, then, as generic characters go, these are, or may be
based upon morphology, as in the higher forms of life. But not
so with specific characters. Here morphology fails, for the
minor differences in structure, pattern or coloration, ete., which
we are accustomed to use, are either lacking, or so slight as to
be inappreciable. To separate species, we have to fall back upon
physiological characters. In other words, we place the several
species under approximately uniform abnormal conditions (arti-
ficial cultures) and note their behavior. Perhaps we may be
justified in assuming that the several individuals of a species
will behave somewhat in the same manner under these definite
abnormal conditions, but we have no criterion as to the extent of
variation to be expected. Physiological characters have not
been used to a suflicient extent among other groups of living
things to enable us to predict whether they are more variable
than the characters ordinarily used or not. Clearly it is a mis-
take to assume that they are less variable, though this assumption
seems to have been very often tacitly made.

But granting that the physiological characters are sufliciently
constant for practical use, we must have enough of them to be
able to distinguish positively between every species. The lique-
faction of gelatin is not enough. The characters of growth forms
and color are often too variable, too similar, indefinite or difficult
to describe recognizably. We should have more positive tests,
and as such are not wanting they should be universally applied.
It is impossible to say how many are needed; this can only be
shown by experiment, and when we finally get some idea of the
extent of the bacterial flora of the world.

*V. A. Moore, Wilder Quarter Century Book, pp. 339-365.
+ Mesea, Rivista d’igiene e sanita publica, No. 14, p. 513 (1889).

326 On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City.

IDENTIFICATION OF OLD DESCRIPTIONS.

In regard to insufficiently described species, two courses seem
open. We may discard the names of all such and redescribe each
as it occurs, or we may apply the name to any species which does
not contradict the author’s original description and complete the
characters from that species. To assist in the recognition of
specific descriptions in the higher forms of life, there is usually
to be found the original example, or “type,” which was before
the author and from which it can always be learned what form
was intended by the description, however imperfect; when the
type is lost, the description, if unrecognizable, is discarded. But
in the bacteria, the preservation of types is for the most part, out
of the question (since they must be alive), and the former course
becomes objectionable, not only in that such a large number’ of
names would have to be discarded, but also that this number
would be variable in the opinion of different authors. Further,
as time went on, the discovery of new species might render the
description of an old one incomplete. According to the second
course, every name is to be preserved, the imperfect description
being completed by subsequent authors, provided they do not
identify as the old species a form which in any way contrdicts
the original description, and all additions so made are to become
a part of the characters of the species. It would appear either
that all imperfect descriptions should in future be omitted from
our books, or some concerted attempt should be made to com-
plete them. If the latter course be thoroughly applied, and au-
thors can be induced to refrain from describing new species
unless no old name can be made to apply, and further, if a new
name seems necessary, to show good characters by which the new
form can be distinguished from its nearest allies, then we ought
in time to obtain a series of characterizations from which it
would be easy to determine a given species, and the science of
descriptive bacteriology might be placed on a footing of partial
equality with other branches of natural science.

It is to be remarked that this branch of the subject has suffered
from its close connection with the study of medicine. Not only
have the non-pathogenic saprophytes received scant attention, but
the eager desire to isolate the active agent in the cause of diseases
has led to the naming of mary bacteria from very insufficient char-
acters. It would seem that descriptive bacteriology belongs to the

On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City. 327

department of Botany,* not to medicine which should rather con-
cern itself with the application of bacteriology to medical subjects.

To summarize then, the present state of bacteriology is this:
while some five hundred species of bacteria have been described, it
appears that this number is far from covering the entire flora, since
apparently new species are met with on every hand. This mass
of descriptions is rather a hindrance than a help to further work,
for not only are many species imperfectly described as compared
with others, but the general standard of specific descriptions is
inadequate to give characters to separate with clearness those
species already known. Again it is known that species vary, but
4o what extent is not known. These three factors, then, imper-
fect knowledge of the flora, incomplete descriptions and ignorance
of the extent of variation, tend to render identification of species
uncertain, and discourage workers in this field. It is hoped that
the present contribution may tend in some small measure to
mitigate each of these evils.

VARIATION IN BACTERIA.

Some experiments were undertaken to give an idea of the range
of variation in a given species. The results are largely in accord-
ance with the very satisfactory conclusions expressed by Dr. A.
Rodet in his recent valuable treatise on variability of bacteria.
Rodet concludes that the several forms of bacteria are generally
constant, but that they are to be regarded as different races of
comparatively few species. I shall not enter into a discussion of
former work on variability, as this has been much better done by
Dr. Rodet than I could hope to do within the limits of this paper.
I refer to his work.

The following experiments were directed principally toward the
point whether the variations among bacteria are generally of the
nature of “acquired characters,” 7. e., due to differences in the
environment as seems to have been generally assumed { or rather

* Or Zodlogy, if we follow Ernst Haeckel’s Systemat. Phylogenie der Pro-
tisten und Pflanzen, Berlin 1894.

T De la variabilité dans les microbes au point de vue Morphologique et Phys-
iologique, par le Dr. A. Rodet (1894).

ftSee Dr. J. G. Adami on the variability of bacteria and the development of
races, Medicle Chronicle, September, 1892. Also Dr. A. S. Packard on the in-
heritance of acquired characters, ete., Proc. American Academy 1895, pp.
343-344,

328 On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City.

‘“‘ spontaneous variations,” occurring in different individuals inthe
same stock under essentially indentical conditions, such as we see
among the higher organisms and the mode of occurrence of which
has been explained by Weismann as the effect of amphimixis, or,
as would apply more exactly to this case, of bud variation by an
“abnormal differential nuclear division ” (Germ-plasm. p. 442).

Bacillus lactis erythrogenes was selected as the subject of vari-
ation experiment. I have shown in a short paper read before the
New York Academy of Sciences* that many closely allied and
variable forms are to be met with in nature, some of them clearly
to be referred to this species, others doubtful. A knowledge of
the degree of spontaneous variation of this germ was very desir=
able in the special relation of determining the standing of these
forms, as well as in the general one of the nature of variation
in bacteria. It was thought that light might be thrown on both
subjects by a study of this species.

SPONTANEOUS VARIATION.

1—Slight Continuous Variations.

The variations were tested as to the liquefaction of gelatin, the
coagulation of milk, the reduction of nitrate to nitrite, and the
amount of pigment produced in an agar culture.

B. lactis erythrogenes commonly produces a quick liquefaction
of gelatin; it forms a soft flaky coagulum in milk which on boil-
ing has no consistence and which is gradually dissolved; it re-
duces the nitrate solution + partially so that the test gives a faint
red color, about half way between the deepest tint that can be
produced and no color; in other cases completely ; in an agar cul-
ture, the mass of growth is yellow and a pink tint is seen in the
medium.

A culture was selected for experiment, taken from the air, in
which the liquefaction of gelatin was rapid (normal), action on
milk mormal, the pink tint good, the yellow paler than usual,
somewhat whitish, and nitrate scarcely reduced at all, in twenty-
eight days only showing a faint trace of color with the test.
From the culture a series of gelatin plates were made by dilutions.
From one of the plates, separate cultures were made in ten tubes,

* Published in the ‘‘ Transactions ’’ for 1895.
+ The formulas for all media used are given at the end of this article.

On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City. 329

the first five from surface colonies, the last five from deep ones,
and these were all planted at the same time on media exactly
alike, and grown on the same shelf under conditions as nearly
alike as possible. The following tables exhibit their relative rate
of growth. Number 7 failed to grow, probably because no bacilli
were actually transferred from the colony, it being a ‘‘deep” one.

«(The distance of the line to the right in each column indicates the compar-
ative amount of action each culture had produced. For example, in first table
on seventh day, No. 2 was farthest advanced and No. 6 least. )

LACTOSE-LITMUS GELATIN.

NUMBER. | 2 Days. | 4 DAys. | 7 DAys. | 10 Days. | 12 DAys.| 14 Days.

1 f Slight Cup UIE)
_ || liguef. shaped. izing.

NUMBER. 4 Days. | 7 DAys. | 9 Days. |11 Days. | 14 Days.

(No
| change.) |
(A co-
agulum.) |

* Each ce. required .21 cc. tenth normal NaOH to render neutral to phenol-
ptalein.

t Not planted at the same time as the others.

330 On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City.

MILK .30 cc. AciID.

NUMBER. 4 DAYS. | 7 DAys. | 9 Days. | 12 DAys.
; Not (No
positively. change.)

No effect.

te

NUMBER. 6 Days. |} 13 Days.) 20 DAys. | 28 DAYS.

(No See ,
al j | Eng) | (Faint trace)

ca a See
oS a | ay (oa
10 | | (Faint) | |

As the rate of action of the culture on its medium depends a
good deal on the “dose,” or the number of bacteria introduced
on the inoculation needle, the effect of this factor must be allowed
for. There is no way of regulating this adequately ; but I think
the above table shows that there is individual variation in the
descendents of a single cell, apparently independently of the en-
vironment. The number of the cultures practically eliminates the
effect of the dose, when we take an average of them. It will be
noticed that on the whole No. 10 produces the most marked effect,
and No. 8 the least.

I find that in taking cultures in the ordinary manner from one
tube to a new one by taking up a mass of growth on the needle,

* Not planted at the same time as the others.

On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City. 331

the resulting cultures tend to exhibit the same characters as the
parent culture. When, however, cultures are made from separate
colonies from a plate, the individual variations tend to become
much more apparent, as the above shows.

To proceed with the experiments. Having obtained cultures
derived from a single one but with slightly different characters, |
proceeded to test these further, with the application of seijection,
as follows :

(1) No. 6 was selected as showing the least power of liquefying
gelatin and a series of plates were made from it by dilution. Of
the resulting colonies, nine were planted on gelatin and of these
nine I selected the one which liquefied gelatin most rapidly and
the one which liquefied the least so (for there was a considerable
difference, as in the first instance) and planted them side by side
with the original No. 6. Here is the result in tabular form as
before :

2 DAys. | 4 Days. | 6 Days. | 9 Days. | 12 Days.| 14 Days.

Number 6,. . |

New 3 (best),

New 8 (poor- —
DF) ne

It shows that instead of holding true to the character acquired
by No. 6 of a slower rate of liquefaction, there was a marked ten-
dency to return to the original quick liquefaction, which could
probably alone be overcome by a longcourse of selection. Notice
also the difference in the rate of growth as shown by the fact that
the No. 6 finally catches up with the new No. 8, perhaps owing to
the approaching exhaustion of the medium.

(2) No. 10 was selected as showing the best effect of reduction
of nitrate, being much better than the original culture. It was
hoped, by selection, to produce a form which would reduce nitrate
as wellas normal B. lactis erythrogenes. Notice that there was at
first a marked tendency to approach the normal type of B. lactis
erythrogenes. The original culture corresponded in its reducing
effect to No. 8 above, whereas eight out of nine of its progeny
reduced nitrate better than it did. It was thought that this
function might be easily further increased.

Ten colonies were tubed from gelatin plates made from No. 10,
and planted in nitrate solution at the same time. Of these it was

332 On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City.

found that only three retained the same degree of power of re-
duction, four fell back to the average of the table given above,
while three returned to the condition of the original culture.
Here we see again the marked tendency to return to the type, even
in this slightly differing race. These results indicate the compar-
ative permanency of the species and also the races of bacteria as
stated by Rodet to be the case.

(2) Sports or discontinuous variations.

In the discussion of this subject, the existence of uniform con-
ditions is presupposed. I consider that when the tubes are filled
with media from the same flask, are planted at the same time, and
grown on the same shelf, that these conditions are fulfilled. Or
even the plantings need not be made at the same time, provided
the conditions of temperature are approximately uniform. We
see cultures taken from botk deep and surface colonies, from difier-
ent media, etc., exhibit the same characters when transferred to
the test media. Now if one of these suddenly exhibits different
characters, it is absurd to attribute the change to the action of
some slight, unknown and undemonstrable difference in the
medium or other condition. The variation is spontaneous and
due to the inherent properties of the germ.

Among the Protista, one objection is always forthcoming
against the evidence of discontinuous variation, which does not
trouble us higher in the organic scale. It can always be said that
the variety may be a contamination, and it is almost impossible
to meet this objection completely. Nevertheless, I shall attempt
to meet it in the following instance, at least to a considerable de-
oree.

In the species under investigation, Bacillus lactis erythrogenes,
the growth on solid media is smooth, thick and soft, uniformly
light yellow, the growth quite softly granular to the needle, not
in the least crusty or viscid. A culture sent to me from Kral’s
laboratory (marked &. helvolus Zimmerman) became contaminated
during the summer vacation with a motile spore forming bacillus
(B. mesentericus vulgatus). In the process of purifying it, gelatin
plates were made and a culture from one of the yellow colonies
developed a somewhat coarsely granular growth. It was set
down as a contamination, although the fact that it produced a
slight pink tint in the medium and reacted on all the media nor-

On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City. 333

mally for B. lactis erythrogenes made me suspect that it might be
a variety. Later in the course of the investigation on nitrate
reduction on a culture obtained from the air of New York, one of
the nitrate tubes showed a growth a little abnormal, the precipi-
tate being slightly flocculent, whereas it is usually finely granular.

B. ERYTHROGENES RUGATUS. B. LACTIS ERYTHROGENES.

This nitrate culture was one of ten made from an agar plate of
the culture No. 10 as described above. <A culture on agar gave a
flattened, yellow growth, covered with coarse wrinkles and entirely
unlike B. lactis erythrogenes. (See figure.) Still all the biological
characters were normal, even the peculiar effect on milk, but there

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., VIII., May, 1895.—24

334 On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City.

was not a very strong pink tint in the medium. Other agar cul-
tures repeated the characters. Colonies on agar plates were
moderately brittle, the surface ones large, flat, and marked with
coarse granules centrally, and a rim-like margin. Morphology
normal. In short, this form corresponded in all respects with the
culture from which it was apparently derived, except in the pe-
culiar alteration in the consistence of the growth mass. But the
difference is one that would be usually considered specific.*
Now the usual precautions to avoid contamination were observed
here and it is rather unlikely that this culture was a contamina-
tion, especially considering the improbability that a contamina-
tion should reproduce all the morphological and biological charac-
ters so exactly. Moreover, I have seen no such species as this
would have to be considered. In spite of these considerations,
I am unable to make the assertion that we have not to do with a
contamination, but the following experiment occurred to me to
test the matter further. I have shown above that there is a ten-
dency for a variety to return to the parent form. Therefore, if
this be a variety, some of the colonies should show a return to
normal B. lactis erythrogenes. If, however, it be a different
species accidentally introduced into the original gelatin plate, we
should not expect to see any such result. Some agar plates were
consequently made and on the third dilution there resulted one
hundred and twenty-five large surface colonies, besides many deep
ones. Of these one hundred and twenty-five, three showed the
smooth surface and soft texture of B. lactis erythrogenes. The
others were all alike, granular centrally, with a rim-like margin,
and liable to crack in two under the needle. Cultures from the
former resulted in a normal growth of B. lactis erythrogenes, the
others reproduced the wrinkly growth. Now there are but two
alternatives ; either this is a discontinuous variation, which occurs
in this species, and which I have thus happened upon in two in-
stances, possessing a certain tendency to return to the type, or
there is a species closely allied to B. lactis erythrogenes, but dif-
fering in texture of growth, which shows a marked tendency to con-
taminate cultures of this species (!), but is not otherwise com-
mon. In my last experiments this ‘‘ species” must have entered

* Dr. Prudden has called my attention to the fact that a very similar differ-
ence in growth form exists between the Bacillus tuberculosis and the B. tubercu-
losis gallinarum.

On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City. 335

my nitrate culture, but not entirely overpowered the B. lactis
erythrogenes, so that both could appear in the plate in the pro-
portions described.

To eliminate this last alternative, plates were again made, this
time from a growth taken from one of the rough surfaced colo-
nies just described. This culture has now been through the
usual process of purification, and ought not to be contaminated.
It exhibited the characteristic wrinkled surface of the form under
investigation. Now it is to be remarked that even if no rever-
sion were demonstrable, it would not prove that this form was
originally a contamination, for the original tendency to reversion
being three out of one hundred and twenty-five, I might have
practically eliminated it by this selection. On the other hand,
if reversion occurred, it would be evidence in favor of this form
being a discontinuous variation. The plates were made with the
following result: One third-dilution plate gave about one hun-
dred and fifty surface colonies, all of the wrinkly form; a second
third-dilution plate gave about one hundred and forty colonies,
three of which were of the normal soft form. Here again the re-
version showed itself, but with a distinct tendency to diminution;
three out of two hundred and ninety.* These wrinkly colonies
did not reproduce the form of colony described above; they
were more folded and wrinkled with uneven edge; but the growth
on agar tubes was not noticeably different. In a second ‘“ gen-
eration” agar culture made from one of these tube cultures when
it had become old, a narrow border of the soft growth appeared
around the edge, suggesting that either reversion had occurred
in the culture itself or that the latter was not pure. Conse-
quently plates were again prepared. The resulting colonies were
obtained only few on a plate (about fifty-five surface ones) so as
to give them plenty of room. Of these colonies none developed
the normal soft form, but when they had become old some ex-
hibited the bordering soft growth just as in the tube from which
they were taken, but the border was present in varying degrees.
Four cultures were made from different appearing colonies as fol-
lows: 1, from a colony all wrinkly, resulting growth all of the
wrinkly form; 2, from a colony before definite characters had ap-

* Notice the much less tendency to reversion in the discontinuous variation
than among the slight continuous ones. Is this a general character of these
classes of variation ?

336 On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City.
: , ]

peared, resulting growth wrinkly with a considerable soft edge;
3, from a deep colony (characters therefore not known), resulting
growth about half wrinkly, half soft, mixed; 4, from the smooth
border of a colony, resulting growth all of the normal soft form.
These results are equally well explicable as the results of con-
tamination as of reversion.

Next plates were prepared from tube No. 1, just described.
As no soft border was detected, the growth was presumably, but.
not positively, of the pure wrinkly form. The resulting colonies
were obtained twenty-five on two plates, and consequently well
separated. Most of them were of the very wrinkly form with
uneven contour and folded surface, and several of these exhibited
the soft border in varying degrees. In some it was all around;
in others, on one side only, and in one the colony was half soft,
half wrinkly. About a quarter returned to the original form of
colony with granular surface and rim-shaped margin, and these
had no soft borders. No pure normal, soft colonies were seen.
The agar tubes made from the very wrinkly colonies and the
rimmed-margin ones were scarcely to be distinguished at a casual
examination; but a closer observation showed slight differences of
the same nature as those betwen the two forms of colonies. The
difference is so slight, however, and so soon becomes obscured by
the advance in growth, that I did not notice it previously in the
investigation, though it must evidently have obtained.

At this stage of affairs, we have presented the following alter-
natives: either the variations which I am trying to establish or
disprove do occur, or the following condition is operative. It is
conceivable that when the skinny growth of the wrinkly form is
agitated in sterilized water preparatory to making plates, that on
account of its property of coherence, instead of becoming sepa-
rated into individual cells, certain of which are subsequently to
develop colonies, the smallest portions really consist of masses of
cells which might entangle a few cells of the smooth form, if this
were originally present as a contamination. Thus the resulting
colonies might be impure and the apparent phenomena of rever-
sion be due to a separation of this mixture. Now the phenomena
described above, of the soft borders to the wrinkly agar cultures
and colonies, are in favor of this view, and it was also observed
that the growth when shaken up in water disintegrated with
oreat difficulty. On the other hand, the existence at this time of

On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City. 337

three different forms, differing only in manner of growth and oc-
curring so sporadically, is much against the contamination
theory. Thus it becomes evident that this line of research is not
competent to positively exclude the possibility of contamination,
though it has rendered it a complicated explanation. It was
abandoned at this point.

Now, on the other hand, in making plates of the soft form, the
difficulty of the cells possibly adhering in masses is reduced to a
minimum. A softer growth is scarcely to be imagined than that
of the normal B. lactis erythrogenes. In the hanging drop, the
cells are seen singly, or, rarely, in pairs or short chains. It is
therefore, highly improbable that these should form masses and
entangle a few of the wrinkly form. The worst that might be ex-
pected would be that the soft and wrinkly forms should adhere in
approximately equal numbers, and the resulting colonies could
not be mistaken for pure colonies of the soft form. Moreover,
whereas a slight growth of the soft form might escape detection
in the growth mass of the wrinkly form, it seems almost certain
that in the reverse condition the mixture would be easily de-
tected. Taking advantage of these conditions, the question was
approached from this side. An agar culture was made from a
soft colony occurring on the first “‘reversion plate”? made from
the original wrinkly culture. It appeared to be a pure culture of
normal £. lactis erythrogenes. A pair of third dilution plates
prepared from it exhibited about 140 coloneis, all of the normal
soft form.* A second pair of plates exhibited 340 colonies, and
of these one had returned to the wrinkly form, and gave a typical
wrinkly growth on agar; twelve exhibited a new variety, not
previously met with, and the rest were of the normal soft form.
The new variety possessed a slightly irregular surface, but was
soft to the needle. Its growth masses on agar were slightly
wrinkly, with the outline finely marked just before the edge as if
milled, and altogether were intermediate between the wrinkly
form and the normal soft form, but nothing like a mixture of the
two. Thus it would seem to be established that these various
growths are discontinuous varieties of B. lactis erythrogenes,

* There occurred also on these plates some colonies of Bacillus ramosus de-
rived from the sterilized water used in making the plates. The water was
boiled just before using as an extra precaution, but the resistant spores of this
Species were not destroyed.

338 On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City.

barring the possibility of some method of contamination which I
have not thought to guard against.*

Summary of the Variations of Bacillus lactis erythrogenes.

Form 1. (Normal) Soft, smooth growth in colonies and in tube.

Form 2. Soft and smooth, but the colonies with lobed edges ;
growth in tube finely creased and milled before the edges.

Form 3. Rather crusty, the colonies even, flat, granular centrally
with a well defined rim-like edge; in tubes a flat wrinkled and
folded growth with irregular edges.

Form 4. Slightly more skinny than form 3. Colonies and growth
on tube alike, very much folded, with irregnlar edges, tending
to produce a margin of the soft form. (See the figure; also the
description of No. 107, B. erythrogenes rugatus.)

Form 5. There is also to be recorded here the granular variety
derived from B. helvolus. (See No. 106, B. helvolus granulatus.)

Note—These are only variations in the form of growth. All the
cultures were of the shade of yellow of the particular form of
Bacillus lactis erythrogenes from which they were derived, and
produced also the pink tint. So far as tested, they reproduced
the biogogical characters of their parent culture, which, as pre
viously noted, were not in all respects normal.

EFFECT OF THE HNVIRONMENT.

As an example of the effect of the environment, the action of a
change of temperature was selected. It is well known that many
chromogenic species, when grown ‘for several generations ” at
the body temperature, produce white races, which are more or less
permanent. What is the nature of this process ?

The same rather pale yellow culture of Bacillus lactis erythro-
genes was subjected to experiment. The culture No. 6 exhibited
a pale growth on agar, especially whitish along the edge. A
culture from this edge kept at 375° C. for two days, and then
transferred to the room temperature, grew nearly white. Three
subsequent ‘‘ generations” treated in the same manner produced

* Two more sets of plates were made from the last obtained smooth growth,
without further reversion ; all the colonies were alike. But, as the number of
colonies in the two platings was 525 and 1685 respectively, whereas the ten-
dency to reversion was calculated to have diminished at least to 1:950 and 1:1900
respectively, the results are not conclusive against the variation hypothesis.

On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City. 339

no further whitening of the growth. It was noticeable that each
culture grew less vigorously than the preceding while in the
incubator, though it seemed to revive fully when removed to the
room temperature. Culture No. 1 was ofa distinctly more yel-
lowish shade than No. 6, and not whitish at the edge of the growth.
A culture made from it, grown two days in the incubator, and
transferred to the room temperature, gave a paler yellow; one
from this, about the same tint; the next generation was less
uniform, somewhat spotted with white and yellow, and the next
generation was distinctly spotted. The same debilitating effects
of the repeated exposure to the high temperature was noted here
as with No. 6. The last, most spotted (7. e., least yellow) culture
was examined as follows:

(1) It was allowed to grow well for several days at the room
temperature. It was then seen that the yellow parts of the
growth were less active in extending their borders than the white
parts were, which resulted in an uneven outline of the growth
mass, the yellow fans terminating at the incisions. (2) A set of
agar plates was made from this growth. Of the resulting colonies,
some were nearly white, others distinctly yellow. It was noted
that, on the whole, the yellow colonies were smaller. None of
the largest were yellow, though some of the yellow were as large
as some of the white ones. (3) Cultures were made from a white
and a yellow colony respectively, from one of these plates, and they
were planted on milk, nitrate solution and lactose-litmus agar.
On all these media the white culture advanced more rapidly than
the yellow one; the gelatin was slightly but decidedly more
quickly liquefied, the milk more quickly coagulated and the
nitrate more strongly reduced in the same time and under identi-
cal conditions.

From the above I conclude that the white form is less injuriously
affected by the abnormal condition of increased temperature than
the yellow from is, and the apparent effect of the temperature in
producing a white form in the first instance may have really
been due to a process of selection, the white from growing the
faster and tending to supplant the other. Thus the ordinary
course of transference of a small part of the growth on the inocu-
lation needle would be the agent in this selection. Now it is a
fact that the different cultures of 2B. lactis erythrogenes obtained
from different sources vary a good deal in tint, and I have indi-

340 On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City.

cated that there was some spontaneous variation in this respect
in my experimental cultures. The variations toward a white
form probably tend to become eliminated under natural condi-
tions where the yellow form doubtless grows best,* but under
the effect of higher temperature there comes room for the action
of the selection which I have just described. It may be that this
is, at least in great part, the true explanation of the production
of the colorless races of chromogenic bacteria, which has been
quoted as proof of the “ transmission of acquired characters.”

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENCES IN THE COMPOSITION OF THE MEDIA.

I need not enter into a long discussion of this subject. It is
well known that slight variations in the composition of the media
make marked changes in the bacterial growth. I have shown
elsewhere} the effect of varying degrees of acidity in gelatin;
the difference in the action of my selected cultures on the two
samples of milk from different sources and with different degrees
of acidity, which is tabulated above, is a case in point; again it
was noticed that the chromogenic power of some species was less
on my media made with meat extract than it was in the same ones
grown on media in which the meat itself had been employed.

These changes are not true variations, as they are not inherited;
but I have given the exact composition of all the media used in
this investigation, to eliminate this source of error. The receipts
will be found at the end of the article.

ConcLustIons AS TO VARIABILITY.

From the above set of experiments I infer that it is premature
to assume that races of bacteria are produced by the direct action
of the environment. Rather the species possess, first a power of
continuous variation, producing intergrading varieties, and which
under a long process of natural selection is capable of adapting
them to various situations or functions; second, a power of con-
siderable discontinuous variation, producing ‘ sports,” dimorphic
or polymorphic forms or races (which may revert to type spon-
taneously; but which are distinguishable from true species only

*In some old cultures of both the white and yellow forms, which had
become partially dried, a few lumps of vigorous growth started out, and these
were of the yellow form.

t See Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1895.

On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City. 341
4 } y

by the occurrence of such revision) and ultimately species, by
the lapsing of the capability of reversion.

In the following systematic account, I have provisionally
adopted the more conservative course of giving all differing forms
specific rank until their exact relations be determined. Many of
them will doubtless come to be regarded as races or varieties ;
some might properly be so placed now.* Those forms which do
not differ except in degree and to no great extent are considered -
conspecific.

Unfortunately, we do not seem to have arrived at the point
where it is possible to differentiate readily species from races and
varieties. This results from the the fact that there is no standard
by which to determine which characters are more reliable. If the
several forms be divided on a single character; for example, if we
select all yellow species, or all which reduce nitrate or liquefy
gelatin, etc., the grouping is different in every instance. There
is no indication of the formation of reliable groups by a converg-
ence of the the several characters, so that the classification is en-
tirely arbitrary, depending upon which character is given prom-
inence. Consequently, I have as yet found no characters to form
a series of natural groups of species under the genus which has
been urged on me by Dr. Prudden to be very desirable.

In this paper, the term ‘“‘groups” has been used in a specific
rather than in a subgeneric sense; for instance, the “anthrax
group” means a series of forms which are probably varieties of
one species; but, as I have given all varietal forms the specific
position, I have preferred to use the term as I have, with this ex-
planation.

A List or THE Common BACTERIA OF THE AIR OF NEW YorRK CITY.

The following list embraces all species found more than once
in the air in the course of this investigation. Those occurring
but a single time will be referred to in the systematic part. The
cultures were obtained by exposing gelatin plates for from one to
five minutes in various situations. Of the resulting colonies, a
portion only were transferred to tube cultures for investigation.
The yeasts, Cladothrices, and moulds were disregarded. In num-
bers the Micrococci were considerably predominant, but of com-
paratively few species. The Bacilli, though less common, were

* For the sake of uniformity this has not been done.

342 On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City.

more often of different species, the commonest class being the
very short forms, “ Microbacilli.”.. No Spirilla were found.
Twenty-four Micrococci and forty-four Bacilli were found in the
air, and of these the following nine Micrococci and nine Bacilli
occurred more than once:

Micrococcus concentricus, Zimm. Bacillus fuscus, Zimm.
Micrococcus cremoides, Zimm. Bacillus finitimus ruber, Dyar.
Micrococeus cremoides albus, Bacillus decolorans major,

Dyar. Dyar.
Micrococcus pyogenes aureus, Bacillus candicans, Frankland.
Passet. Bacillus inutilis, Dyar.
Sarcina flava, DeBary. Bacillus Hudsonii, Dyar.
Micrococcus mobilis, Maurea. Bacillus mesentericus vulgatus,
Merismopedia rosea, Bumm. Flugge.
Micrococcus tetragenus vividus, Bacillus lactis erythrogenes,
Dyar. Hueppe.

Micrococcus tetragenus versati- Bacillus helvolus, Zimm.
lis, Stern.

SYsTEMATIC ACCOUNT. a

I will proceed to detail the morphological and biological charac-
ters of all the species which I have worked out in the course of
this investigation. * I have prepared synoptic tables, so that all of
these species can be readily and quickly identified. The composi-
tion of all the media of cultivation made use of is given at the
end of the systematic account. As far as possible, previously
used media have been employed, and the most often used of these
have been given prominence (though they do not always deserve
it from the ‘point of view of reliability) in order to bring in line
the work already recorded by others in description of species,
My work has mainly consisted in the general application of a
series of tests uniformly to a rather large group of species, and
the result in the manner of their separation seems, on the whole
satisfactory. If this work could be extended to cover all the
species of Bacteria, I think the operation of identifying species
would be far less confusing than it is at present. An objection
which I have not been able to overcome is the great length of

* This includes all those planted for comparison as well as those derived
from the air.

On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City. 348

time necessary to determine a species. I have felt obliged to
use the action on gelatin as the primary character, because it has
been the only medium in general use; but I find it necessary to
grow cultures at least two months before becoming certain that
liquefaction will not ultimately ensue. To the other media, I
have set the limit of twenty-eight days. All cultures were grown
at the room temperature, unless otherwise stated.

In the Mircococci I have used the terms Merismopedia and
Sarcina in the generic form to indicate the general mode of asso-
ciation of the elements ; but I do not wish them to be understood
as of true generic value. They are, in some instances, of less
than specific value; but they are convenient terms, and I have used
them assuch. It is to be hoped that further study will develop
some reliable practical morphological characters which will enable
us to divide the two unwieldy genera, Micrococcus and Bacillus, in
a satisfactory manner. The mode of association of the elements
is not such a character,* the opinions of Drs. Helme and Raugé
to the contrary notwithstanding.

In several instances I have not been able to differentiate species
occurring in the air and presumably saprophitic, from pathogenic
parasites, and I am led to the conclusion that the pathogenic
property is not in all cases a test of specific difference, but rather
a varietal or racial character. The bearing of this conclusion on
the classification adopted in Eisenberg’s “* Bakteriologische Diag-
nostic ” should be noted.

The characters used in the table will be self-explanatory for

* The mode of association of the elements is not a satisfactory generic char-
acter, because the differences between Micrococcus, Diplococcus, Merismopedia
and Sarcina may be due soley to differences in the degree of the coherence of
the cells. They may also arise from actual differences in the manner of mul-
tiplication, it is true, as follows :

(1) Cells dividing in only one plane, forming Micrococcus, Diplococcus,
Streptococcus,

(2) Cells dividing in two planes, forming Micrococus, Diplococcus, Meris-
mopedia.

(3) Cells dividing in three planes, forming Micrococcus, Diplococcus, Meris-
mopedia and Sarcina.

But this theoritical difference remains to be demonstrated, I think, be-
tween the last two, and it is certainly so obscure a one in practice as to warrant
the above remarks. At best these characters give but three genera instead
of five or six. Streptococcus is not included in this paper, and my species may
be all Sarcinze with a greater or less tendency to break up into single cells.

344 On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City.

the most part when the media used are taken into account.
Gelatin is to be regarded as liquefied even when the fluid evap-
orates as fast as formed and only a dry hollow results. Conse-
quently, if any hollow is formed by the growth mass, the gelatin
is to be considered liquefied.

In the descriptions I have not repeated the characters given in
the synoptic table except where necessary to enlarge on them.

THE CHARACTERS FOR WHICH THE SEVERAL MEDIA ARE USED.

It is important that the number of media should not be unne-
cessarily multiplied, or else the labor of determining species will
become too great. The following shows the characters which I
have obtained from the several media used, and how labor may
be saved in some instances :

Broth. This medium may usually be omitted. The characters
to be obtained from it are good ones, but can usually be detected
as well in the fermentation tube and water of condensation in the
agar cultures.

Gelatin. Only used for the liquefaction test and the characters
of colonies on plate. I have found it practicable to dispense
with a separate planting on simple gelatin by preparing a lactose-
litmus gelatin, which combines the characters of liquefaction and
acid or alkali formation in one medium. I have disregarded the
decolorizing effect on litmus so often seen, as I have not found
the characters reliable on solid media.

Agar. Used for the growth forms and necessary. Glycerine
agar is less important, and I have not used it for diagnostic
purposes.

Fermentation broth in bent tubes is necessary for the gas forma-
tion test and relation to air. The gas formation is often indicated
on lactose-litmus gelatin, and in such cases scarcely needs con-
firmation on this medium.

Milk for the effects of coagulation. It should always be boiled
betore the test can be considered complete.

Nitrate solution. The test for nitrates may be applied by
adding two to five drops of napthylamine sulphate, a small crys-
tal of sodium sulphanilate and boiling the medium to hasten the
reaction. When cool it is ready to examine for the color. I do
not test for ammonia.

On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City. 345

Rosolic acid broth. Useful for decolorization effects. The
deepening of the tint is of little value.

Pepton and salt broth. For the formation of indol. The test
may be applied by adding a few drops of sulphuric acid, and then
a very dilute sodium nitrite. Care should be exercised not to add
too much. This test is open to the same objection as is the ni-
trate test, and in greater degree, in that the characters to be ob-
tained from it are not sharp ones.

BACTERIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS.

Species which will grow on the oridinary media, in presence of air at 20° C.
MICROCOCCI.

ie SelatiiHas) HOG WQUCHED 2 hic. oo < cece ninle varie cic mee= = sles page 345
The gelatin is ultimately liquefied ....:.......... Peecos5D0oe page 348
BACILLI.
No gas formed in the fermentation tube.
(Une wllynia ns MOH anette pO Goo cSonooebSedoscn BadKde page 355
The gelatin is ultimately liquefied..................000--- page 364
Gas is formed in the fermentation tube ..................... page 375

SPIRILLA (not found in the air).

Species which are anaerobic, will not grow on the ordinary media, or require a
higher temperature than 20° C. (not investigated ).
NON-LIQUEFYING MICROCOCCT.

(Synopsis of species ).

Lactose-litmus gelatin reddened.

Chromogenic.
Wollone sininenge Siocon hy sexe luis ae onocnss goeconooouoe saodceT 1
ede Mtbrabe VeLy Si obtly: TEdmUCEMs sia. fj t-i--lelel-itels wie) scl el ollie « 2

Not chromogenic.
Milk coagulated.

Nitrate slightly reduced; milk coagulated...................... 3

NTRS WO FRET Ss Saeco codsouoT oo ape od0OU OGDEdOOH EO OOCUS 4
Milk not coagulated.

Crow bhonacarmopa que wither welts cte)eits te selels clslsl> > e\elsi= == 1-1 5

Growth on agar thin, transparent, poor .............200seee eee 6

Lactose-litmus gelatin made blue.
Nitrate not reduced; milk not coagulated.

ORO REGGE oo ooo ponuncoboUdbbd0008 SdonbenoubudDOOEGDDODES 7
Rosolic acid not changed
‘CUNO UO HEAMIOS ONE Soba soonsaseoubues cone SopoBoD Ho bUoOUGOnAC 8
INO’ CHMNGU MOS WM. db soon Sonos bob aoONe DUO SNOB ODOGUUUOOr 9
Nitrate reduced; milk not coagulated.
Bree MSIE + WTTETS. Oise ler a's cals Ae vada iss le oe we hem Sees sacle 10

AOHTOM OF Emil ChE CO raters lata ie retetoxer= te rcheinicis aicls aio ei cies sieuelstaie’e ctalevetels heresre ala b

346 On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City.

1. Merismopedia flava variams 2D. sp.

Occurrence. Abundantly in a jar of ‘‘sterilized milk’’ bought at a store ;
with no. 101.

Morphology. Micrococci about 1 / in diameter, in twos, fours or in elliptical
pairs with a cross-furrow.

Biology. Gelatin not liquified in 60 days; milk coagulated on boiling in 6
days, more evidently later, but not without boiling; nitrate quickly and
strongly reduced even in 7 days; lactose-litmus quickly reddened, but in
50 to 60 days it becomes blue at the upper part of the culture; aerobic.
In broth there is a fine turbidity and considerably granular yellow sedi-
ment; on the solid media a broad pale yellow layer is developed, which
may vary in shade, even in different parts of the same culture; on gly-
cerin-agar and potato the growth is abundant, shining bright yellow,
opaque. In gelatin plates the surface colonies are much larger than the
deep ones, opaque, scarcely shining, light yellow, the edges a little wavy;
the deep colonies are round, opaque, yellow, inclined to be slightly irre-
gular.

2. Merismopedia cinnabareus (Fligge).

Occurrence. In the air of the College hallway.

Morphology. Micrococci about 1 / in diameter, in twos, fours or in elliptical
pairs with a cross-furrow.

Biology. Milk is not coagulated at first, but in twenty-one days a soft cheese

* is formed which boils up into a very fine coagulum scarcely peceptible.
Nitrate is only very slightly reduced in twenty-eight days. Rosalie acid
is not changed. On agar, the growth is not abundant, brownish red,
almost orange. Gelatin colonies are all alike, round, orange colored.

Remarks. Imay be mistaken in identifying this as Fligge’s species (Jiero-
coccus cinnabareus ).

3. Micrococcus candicans (Fligge).

Occurrence. A culture from Kral’s laboratory.

Morphology. Micrococei 1-1.25 in diameter, singly, in pairs or groups.

Biology. Milk was not coagulated when the culture was first received. A year
later a coagulation was formed on boiling at the end of twenty-six days;
again a solid curd was formed in this time. Nitrate is sightly reduced,
the test giving a faint color in twenty-eight days. The growth is white
and opaque on solid media, no surface growth in liquid media. Surface
colonies are thin, the deep ones round and opaque, white. Rosolic acid
is not changed.

4. Micrococcus rosettaceus (Zimmermann).

Occurrence. ‘‘ Micrococcus aurantiacus’’ from Kral’s laboratory.

Morphology. Micrococci .7-.8 “ in diameter, associated in masses.

Biology. Milk is coagulated (on boiling ) in fourteen days, and does not change
up to twenty-eight days. Growth on solid media is shining white,
Opaque, soft ; no surface growth on broth. Rosolie acid unchanged.

Remarks. This is nearest to MW. rosettaceus, though perhaps not identical.

On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City. 347

5. Merismopedia tetragenus (Gafiky).
Occurrence. ‘‘ Micrococcus tetragenus’’ from Kral’s laboratory.
Morphology, Micrococci .7-.8 4 in diameter, in pairs, a few fours and irrgular
groups.
Biology. Besides the character given in the synopsis, rosalic acid is not
changed ; on solid media the growth is opaque white ; no surface growth
on broth.

6. Micrococcus similis n. sp.

Occurrence. in tha air of the college hallway.

Morphology. Large cocci, never quite spherical, and frequently divided by a
constriction to one side of the middle. Very variable, diameter 1-2 .
The cells are larger than the Bacillus diphtheriae and decidedly rounder,
more like cocci.

Biology. Grows very poorly at all temperatures. On agar the growth is ob-
scure, narrow, translucent whitish. On the lactose-litmus agar there is
faint growth with a slight reddening of the medium ; rosolic acid is not
faded. The gelatin colonies are round, opaque white, uncharacteristic.
There is little reduction of nitrate, especially marked 375° where a dis-
tinet test was obtained in twenty days.

7. Micrococcus concentricus (Zimmerman).

Occurrence. (1) ‘‘M. concentricus’’ from Kral’s laboratory. (2) Eighteen
different times in the air of the college hallway.

Morphology. Micrococci .6-1.2 4 in diameter, singly, in twos, in short irregu-
lar chains or in masses.

Biology. Well distinguished by its power of decolorizing rosalic acid. The
growth on solid media is rather translucent white, sometimes concentri-
cally marked. On liquid media the growth is soft and somewhat stringy,
often forming around the surface on the glass. Growth on potato abund-
ant, shining sordid white.

oo

. Micrococcus cereus aureus n. sp. ?

Occurrence. (1) ‘‘Staphylococcus* cereus aureus’? from Kral’s laboratory.
(2) A contamination from the air of the laboratory.

Morphology. Cocci .7-.8 4 in diameter, singly, in pairs, threes or masses.

Biology. On agar and potato shining bright orange. In broth a heavy orange
colored sediment with no surface growth.

Remarks. I have seen no description with the above name, under which the
culture was received. This is only a variety of the following species,
which is the non-chromogenic form.

9. Micrococcus cereus albus (Passet).
Occurrence. (1) ‘‘Staphyloccocus cereus albus’’ from Kral’s laboratory. (2)
In the air on 59th St.

*Of all the generic terms proposed for the various associations of the cocci, probably
“Staphylococcus”’ is the least valuable. I would definitely discard it.

348 On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City.

Morphology. Micrococei 1-1.5 « in diameter, often seen constricted for division,
singly or irregularly grouped.

Biology. The growth ou solid media is white, not very opaque ; a white sedi-
ment in broth ; rosolic acid not changed. The gelatin colonies are round,
uncharacteristic, the deep and surface ones much alike.

10. Merismopedia ceriviseae (Balcke).
ceurrence. (1) ‘‘Sareina flava’’ from Kral’s laboratory. (2) In the air of

the college hallway.

Morphology. Micrococci .7-1.5 « in diameter, singly, in pairs, rarely in fours,
in masses.

Biology. Nitrate is strongly reduced, the full deep color of the test being
shown in from six to fourteen days ; rosolic acid unchanged. In broth,
a granular precipitate. On solid media the growth is white or very
faintly yellowish (2), moderately opaque.

Remarks. These cultures seem not to be contradicted by the description of

Pediococeus ceriviseae.

11. Merismopedia havaniensis (Sternberg).

Occurrence. (1) From the college collection. (2) In the air of the college
yard near 59th St.

Morphology. Micrococci, slightly elliptical, often with cross furrows. .7-1
in diameter, in twos, fours, or breaking apart into irregular chains.
Biology. Nitrate is slightly reduced, never strongly ; growth on solid media
is red and a fine red surface growth occurs on milk without affecting the

medium preceptibly ; a granular precipitate in broth.

Remarks. This is the Bacillus havaniensis of Sternberg ; but I have preferred
to associate it with the Micrococci on account of the grouping of the ele-
ments.

LIQUEFYING MICROCOCCT.
(Synopsis of species ).
Lactose-litmus reddened.

Milk coagulated ; nitrate not reduced.
Large Micrococci, growth on agar lobed.

Growth orange colored ..... soboecoS obagosHess onea505006 Boacoo 1
Growth cream colored...... sib Sle ete lale wrmrers stoma te ij she stenspoetoetersehee 13
Growibh whites «a. sc sass 213) sleet aievebete Suse aidie a eh bcebele arepesovere rareiees 14

Smaller Micrococci, growth normal.
Associated in masses.

GTONVG ORAM GC ore stesinialclelele mick) -feloe= “SooasDOpoC Bron GI seks ois ot
Growth white.
Ourekhy en queky nn oe penile te etevelel= siaveieielalarousleraieteiaterete Ano ake
Slowly and imperfectly liquefying............2+.eses«eees LP
Associated in pairs and fours............-..+5. Tago sasommotacod. Le

Milk not coagulated.
Nitrate not reduced.

On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City. 349

> - Growth yellow.
Tsarge Micrococci'.....%:.---- SOG SOC Ope Oone OBE Mor caibrette ie,
Minute MiGroCocel.</2..2<)-)ece8 = Eerab a wae eloales Dono tocedcte 20
EVO VriGhs PLU KAS Meh UIM sper ora ste reisayets ctalors ie) cvelelntstia el eiets, o)eickekelereic is’ Sec de. cl
Nitrate reduced . . .*...... ahod SoCCosoGo daoG Soo aed sd nooSRboCeA CL

- Lactose-litmus not changed or made blue.
Milk coagulated.

Growth orange........ Kenn dSo Hs pabocdoh CHuldedor soceocansncocns 23
Cronin clay pemocades adoneodsnanoneoGuoooepoe SUR SDE ontoca aaa 24
CROW UMM ry CCU rpoptavottsvamiarekachetetcratcren tate cy spteter ase aaiehe aie levdh siete cee enere 25
Milk not coagulated.
Motile.
OHRID socln.dtlsaudsodpaales eoUcmUCdS otic opouBUCOeGeUne sb 9d0¢ 26
PHN: Soe AoC OSG. UOC LOO OOSOS Bath PDO Gar CoODeMeeb IO meemtr sooo. PAT/
Not motile.
OIGEE 5+ sncasmncbboon bund soap enonhcooGP ont oosdcodoeeaaas our 28
Prime scopnoooengaobp de dea obo ooUbUBO ko aUb SU OOMObene scocon EY
Yellow
Growth granular, a normal precipitate in broth.
Brigibolemon yellows cn delcekee steels oe Vaan sis capsicte cic ee ers er 30
BAe y.ellOwis scteoieee creciets ta sts cictl alaretersis ce siarcrch einteie clesnieye free 31
Ralecreamiyayellowine'-sters ia st-1s eis er crels « Konuor .pooMnienieod 32
Growth forming surface skin, wrinkly...............-.....00. 33

12. Micrococcus cremoides aureus n. sp.

Occurrence. Obtained by Dr. Freeman from the air of a barn where a cow was

, being milked.

Morphology. Micrococci 1-1.25 u in diameter, associated irregularly.

_ Biology. _ Gelatin is rapidly liquefied ; the surface colonies on gelatin plates
are somewhat peculiar ; in the cups of liquefaction which are quickly
formed, masses of opaque orange flocculi settle in a ring shape about a
clear central area, giving the appearance of an indented margin. Lique-

‘ faction sets in much later with the deep colonies. They appear spherical,

gt light yellow and’ opaque.; Milk is quickly coagulated, forming a solid
curd which is slowly dissolved. Rosolic acid not changed. Lactose-lit-
mus is quickly reddened. The growth on agar is narrow, shining, the

/4. edges uneven, finely lobed, orange color. The lobed edges are rather
characteristic. On glycerine agar the growth is scarcely chromogenic,
being very nearly white, but the normal color is regained when transferred
to ordinary agar. At 375°C. also the growth is not chromogenic. In
broth there is a slight surface growth beside a pale orange sediment.

Remarks. This species is to be regarded as a varietal form of the following :

13. Micrococcus cremoides (Zimmermann).

Oceurrence. (1) In the air of the college hallway. (2) In the air on 59th St.
Morphology and biology as in No. 12, but the growth cream-colored instead of
orange. On glycerine agar and at 373° C., the growth is white.

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Sct., VIII., May, 1895.—25

350 On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City.

Remarks. This seems to correspond with J. cremoides of Zimmermann, except
that the cells are larger. Cremoides is said to measure .8 //, while the pre-
sent species measures 1-1.5 .

14. Micrococcus cremoides albus n. sp.
Occurrence. (1) Twice in the air of the college hallway. (2) Twicein the air
of the yard near 59th St.
Morphology and biology as above (Nos. 12 and 13), but the growth pure white
on all media.
Remarks. This is a white form of the preceding.

15. Micrococcus pyogenes aureus ( Passet).

Occurrence. (1) ‘Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus’’ from the college collec-
tion. (2) Twice in the air of the yard near 59th St.

Morphology. Micrococci .7-1 in diameter, associated in irregular masses.

Biology. Gelatin quickly liquefied; milk coagulated, forming a hard curd
which is slowly dissolved; nitrate not or very slightly reduced. Growth
on solid media orange, the edges of the growth even. In gelatin plates
the colonies sink in cups of liquefaction without any peculiar appearance.
Culture (1) was chromogenic on glycerine agar and at 375° C; the one
first obtained from the air was chromogenic at 373° C, but grew nearly
white on glycerine agar and the third culture grew white in both these
cases. Rosolic acid not changed.

16. Micrococcus pyogenes albus (Passet).
Occurrence. In the air of the college hallway.
Morphology and biology as above, but the growth is white, on agar rather trans-

lucent.
Remarks. This is probably to be regarded as not specifically distinct from the
preceding.

17. Micrococcus epidermidis albus ( Welch).

Occurrence. (1) ‘‘ Staphylococcus epidermidis albus’’ from the college collec-
tion. (2) ‘‘ Micrococcus of Freire’’ from the college collection. (3) In
the air on 59th St.

Morphology and biology as above, but gelatin is very imperfectly liquefied
The liquefaction begins in about six days, but proceeds very slowly, and
never far; even in old cultures it is only partial.

Remarks. In the description of Micrococcus of Freire, Dr. Sternberg states
that milk is not coagulated, but this was not the case with the authentic
culture possessed by the college. It reacted in all ways as given in the
synopsis and as indicated above.

18. Merismopedia acidi lactici liquefaciens ( Kreuger).
Occurrence. (1) ‘‘ Micrococcus ureae’’ from Kral’s laboratory. (2) ‘‘Sarcina
erythromyxa ’’ from Kral’s laboratory.

Morphology. Micrococci .9-1 .1 in diameter, singly, in twos or in fours.

On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City. 351

Biology. Gelatin is quickly liquefied but in (2) proceeeded slowly and was
not complete. Milk is coagulated, forming a solid curd, but in (2) only
so on boiling. Nitrate very slightly reduced; rosalic acid unchanged
Growth on solid media opaque white ; in broth, a white precipitate with
a shght growth at the surface or on the side of the tube. Grows well
at 373° C.

Remarks. I see no essential differences between the descriptions of Micrococcus
acidi lactici liquefaciens Kreuger, Micrococcus ureae liquefaciens Fligge, or
Sarcina alba Eisenberg, to either of which the present species might be re-
ferred. It does not belong to either of the species under the names of
which it was sent to me.

19. Micrococcus flavus Lliquefaciens (Fligge).

Occurrence. In the air of an apartment house on West 69th St.

Morphology. Large spherical Micrococci, 1-1.25 ” in diameter, singly, in pairs
or irregular groups.

Biology. Liquefaction of the gelatin takes place very slowly. When first ob-
tained, it ensued in ten days, but proceeded very slowly. After the cul-
ture had been kept a year, liquefaction was not obtained until the two
cultures which had been made had been growing twenty-eight and fifty
days respectively. A very slight reduction of nitrate was obtained in
twenty-eight days, none before that time. Growth on solid media, white
at first, later becoming pale yellow. Growth on glycerine agar and at
373° C. is white, but in the latter case the yellow color is regained on
being transferred to the room temperature.

Remarks. This differs a little from Fligge’s species with which I have identi-
fied it, but apparently only in liquefying gelatin more slowly and being
less chromogenic. No growth was obtained on potato.

20. Micrococcus flavus desidens (Fligge). ,

Occurrence. In the air of an apartment house on West 69th St.

Morphology. Small Micrococci, .6—-.7 in diameter, in irregular groups.

Biology. As indicated in the synopsis. The liquefaction of gelatin is very
slow and only appears in old cultures (first seen in fifty-six days). A
partial reduction of nitrate is obtained in twenty-eight days. On solid
media the growth is lemon yellow, rather thin, poor on glycerine agar ;
on potato slight growth, yellowish, but the potato assumed a pink tint.

Remarks. It differs from the species with which I have identified it in liqui-
fying gelatin much more slowly.

21. Merismopedia fragilis n. sp.
Occurrence. In the air on 59th St.
Morphology. Micrococci 1-1.2 in diameter, in twos, fours and irregular
groups but scarcely forming well defined packets.
Biology. Gelatin liquefied rather slowly, but beginning in six days; characters
all negative except the reddening of lactose-litmus, and this is not of a
very pronounced character. Growth on agar poor, thin, translucent, pink-

352 On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City.

ish, consisting of a number of isolated colonies, each spreading with a
veil. In gelatin the growth along the punctures is white, the surface
growth sinks slowly in the liquefaction as a pinkish sediment. On glycer-
ine agar the growth is abundant, thick, smooth and of a reddish brown
color. Scarcely any growth on potato ; no growth at the body tempera-
ture.

22. Merismopedia citreus conglomeratus (Bumm).

Occurrence. In the air of the college hallway.

Morphology. Micrococci .9 “ in diameter, singly, in twos, rarely in elliptical:
pair with a cross furrow.

Biology. Gelatin liquefied quickly at first (six days), but in latter cultures
not till forty-five days ; nitrate reduced, partially at first, but in twenty-
eight days completely. Gelatin plate colonies are at first white, opaque,
very strongly cumular and lobed ; they are unusually coherent and will
flow around in the liquefied medium with unaltered shape. On agar the
growth is white at first, later distinctly pale yellow, granular and lumpy,
somewhat brittle and crusty to the needle. Rosolic acid is rendered a
little brownish but not distinctly faded.

Remarks. This does not tally exactly with Bumm/’s description of Diplococcus
citreus conglomeratus, but I find no positive points of difference.

23. Merismopedia mollis n. sp.

Occurrence. Asa contamination from the air of the laboratory.

Morphology. Micrcocci, sometimes a little elongate, about 1 in diameter,
singly, in pairs and a few fours, in irregular chains of four to six and in
masses:

Biology. Gelatin quickly liquefied ; milk coagulated, the precipitated. case in
forming a curd which is gradually dissolved. Nitrate partly reduced.
Lactose-litmus and rosolic acid unchanged. Growth on. agar abundant,
shining orange color.” © to +! : fy

24. Sarcina flava (De Bary).

Occurrence. (1) *‘Sarcina ventriculi’’? from the college collection. (2) Four
different times in the air of the college hallway. (3) In the air in West
59th St. (4) Twice asa contamination from the air of the laboratory on
gelatin plates. (5) In a fresh leaf of the pitcher plant, Sarracenia pur-
purea, at Plattsburgh, N. Y., in June. ‘

Morphology. Micrococci about 1“ in diameter associated in cubical packets of
eight and larger bundles, rarely breaking up into fours.

Biology. Gelatin usually quickly liquefied, more rarely slowly liquefied ;
milk coagulated, the precipitated casein forming a curd which is gradually
dissolved. Nitrate not reduced or but a trace. Lactose-litmus made
blue ; rosolic acid not changed. Growth on agar abundant, thick, not
very shining, yellow ; on glycerine agar very abundant, shining bright.
yellow. At 375°C the growth is white, but largely regains its yellow
color on being transferred to the room tempearture.

On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City. 353

Remarks. J find no characters to seperate Sarcina lutea Schréter from this

species. It appears to liquify gelatin more slowly ; but the cultures before

_me vary greatly in this respect. One produced only a dry cup-shaped

hollow in twenty-eight days, from which the fluid at first formed had

evaporated. The more usual form rendered the upper one-third or two-
thirds of the gelatin fluid in twenty-eight days.

25. Micrococcus dissimilis n. sp.

Occurrence. _ *‘ Micrococcus of trachoma, Sattler’? from Kral’s laboratory.

Morphology. . Micrococci 1 in diameter, associated in irregular masses.

Biology. Gelatin quickly liquefied ; milk coagulated, forming a flaky curd
with milky whey ; nitrate reduced, but not thoroughly before twenty-eight
days ; lactose-litmus and rosolic acid unchanged ; opaque white or agar,
not viscid ; surface colonies round, opaque, like deep ones but surrounded
by an obscure granular veil ; no surface growth on broth. No growth on
potato.

Remarks. This does not agree with the description of the Micrococens of
trachoma.

26. Micrococcus mobilis ( Maurea).

Occurrence (1) Twice in the air of the college hallway. (2) Twice in the
air on 59th St.

Morphology. Micrococci 1-1.5 « in diameter, singly, rarely in pairs. Each cell
possesses a single long flagellum which may be demonstrated by Loffler’s
method of staining ; actively motile.

Biology. Gelatin quickly liquefied, or, in one instance, slowly and imper-
fectly ; rosolic acid not changed. On agar the growth is translucent,
obscure, where collected in a thicker layer reddish orange. On glycerine
agar and at 373° scarcely any growth occurs ; growth on potato very slight,
pale orange. In absence of free access of air, the growth is whitish.

Remarks. I take this to be the Sarcina mobilis of Maurea.

27. Micrococcus agilis (Ali-Cohen).
Occurrence. From the college collection.
Morphology and biology as above (No. 26), but the growth is pink instead of
orange color and is thicker and more opaque on agar.

28. Sarcima aurantiaca (Koch).
Occurrence. (1) From the college collection. (2) In the air of the college
hallway.
Morphylogy. Micrococci .8-1.2 “ in diameter, in twos, fours, and masses, occa-
sionally forming true packets.
Biology. Gelatin quickly liquefied.(1.) or slowly and imperfectly (2). Nitrate
not reduced, or a slight trace of reduction. On agar the growth is ‘dark
~~ orange colored, not very-shiniig:- -Rosolic acid not changed:- In: broth
no surface growth, the sediment yellowish or white.

354 On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City.

29. Merismopedia rosea (Bumm).

Occurrence. (1) ‘‘Sareina rosea*’ from the college collection. (2) “ Miero-
coccus tetragenus ruber’’ from Kral’s laboratory. (3) Twice in the air
of the college hallway. (4) In the air of an apartment house on West
69th St. (5) A contamination from the air of the laboratory.

Morphology. Micrococci .7-1 ~ in diameter, in twos, fours and irregular
groups.

Biology. Gelatin is very slowly liquefied, often not at all for thirty or forty
days. Some cultures liquefy more readily after having been in cultiva-
tion for some time. Nitrate is partly reduced, sometimes quite well,
never completely. Rosole acid not changed. Growth on solid media
rose pink, the color being somewhat absorbed by the medium in old cul-
tures. No surface growth on broth.

Remarks. I have identified this as the Diplococcus roseus of Bumm. Micrococ-
cus roseus Eisenberg, and Micrococcus tetragenus ruber Schneider seem to
refer also to this species.

30. Micrococcus tetragenus Vividus nD. sp.

Occurrence. (1) Four times in the air of the college hallway. (2) In the air
of an apartment house on West 69th St. (3) From the air of one of the
lecture rooms (Dr. Cheesman ).

Morphology. Small Micrococci .5-.9 “ in diameter, singly, in twos, threes or
irregular groups, rarely in fours.

Biology. Gelatin is liquefied with moderate rapidity, or rather slowly; nitrate
not or very slightly reduced. Growth on solid media vivid lemon yellow;
in broth a heavy yellow sediment without surface growth.

Remarks. Dr. Sternberg has included both this form and no. 32 in his descrip-
tion of Micrococcus tetragenus versatilis, but I have preferred to give them
distinctive names, following the general system adopted here.

31. Micrococcus tetragenus versatilis (Sternberg).

Occurrence. (1) ‘‘ Micrococcus tetragenus versatilis’’ from the college collec-
tion. (2) ‘‘ Micrococcus tetragenus flavus’? from Kral’s laboratory.
(3) Five times in the air of the college hallway. (4) In the air on
59th St.

Morphology and biology as in no 30, but the growth is paler yellow of a more
normal tint, not unusually bright.

32. Micrococcus tetragenus pallidus n. sp.

Occurrence. In the air of one of the college lecture rooms (Dr. Cheesman ).

Morphology. Micrococci .8-1 in diameter, in twos, more commonly in fours,
occasionally in irregular packets.

Biology. As in Nos. 30 and 31, but the growth is pale creamy yellow, ap-
proaching white.

On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York Uity. 355

33. Merismopedia mesentericus corrugatus n. sp.*
Occurrence. ‘‘Staphylococcus pyogenes citreus’’ from the college collection.
Morphology. Micrococci .9 “ in diameter, associated in great adherent masses
more or less packeted, breaking apart into twos or single elements.

Biology. Gelatin is quickly liquefied. On agar, the growth spreads rapidly,
and becomes covered with a few large wrinkles or folds, traversing the
surface in various directions; the color is yellow. On broth, a thick and
wrinkled yellow surface skin is formed with a slight yellow sediment in
the bottom.

NON-LIQUEFYING BACCILLI.

(Synopsis of species. )
Lactose-litmus reddened.
Nitrate not reduced.
1s 1 Ts re ard Ene UO SACI cn oa Ee a hee 34
Milk not coagulated.

Actively motile, a green fluorescence. ..........cccceececccecees O5
Not motile or spasmodically only.
Small pacillitn 0... a Riko Haig i 1h tld RaCOE dt og ald Giciotda exc eee

Weary lane wacuolateds 0,250 efciniaim sre acd > te oe
Nitrate reduced, at least partially.
Milk coagulated.
Lactose-litmus permanently reddened, growth white............ 38
Lactose-litmus reddened, later blue, growth sometimes faintly
OGHELOUS rrsnciaerety cies oelea tee rel ele OS a ASS CDG ac Bre biter,
Milk not coagulated.
Growth yellow, nitrate completely reduced.................... 40
A green fluorescence ; nitrate partly reduced................... 41
Pale yellow, nitrate slightly reduced...... SMO OHG ot eis ODS Goo ere
Lactose-litmus made blue.
Nitrate reduced, at least fairly well ; milk not coagulated.
GrOwuly Ganka yell O Winer wrerccicicieccias so eeteels vislaeiaene ion ton come x
Growth pale yellow .......... sear erenayeVone a Yeh sterol Siac scainveis ete lereweie ale oie “EE
Growth white.
Grows well at room temperature.
Pe osohic aeriaded asta: were a ote scat ce ee eae ese 45
Rosolic acid not faded.
VOR MOM Cs a wots casa es rae eset Oia cee sosaae soboe ES
Actively motile.
GLOW, CHU thrAnSPATENG, avec otra caylee eo eet cae we cc ae ee
Growth moderately Opaque... se Sea kjcecle sss sess se 48
Scarcely grows at room temperature........... ipictBencnre eer SG

*Compare with this No. 107, Bacillus erythrogenes rugatus. The biological charac-
ters of the two are practically alike. No. 33 was determined as a Micrococcus, and No.
107 as a Bacillus; but it is one of the shortest bacilli known, so that the differences be-
tween these forms are really slight. No. 33 was not observed to form any pink color ;
but this is not on invariable character of the /actis erythrogenes group.

356 On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City.

Nitrate not reduced or not more than very slightly.
Chromogenic.
Motile ; a green fluorescence.
Rosolie acid \Gecoloredh: syefayaeierel-1e1<1scks) #1 <e) cheueieliefetene tenet Oe
Rosolic acid not changed.
Growall whites!) s%c1-eyeeies te wickevel ore chau /eiePe Oretetere cele Re eee ae
Growibhisyelllowaserscsieierieiecis os ier ROOD acodecgudUt Sos”
Not motile.
A crusty skin on broth more or less complete.

OPAMP Te! yc. eiayshessroartererete hover onsie te,o Gy capeee, cane one eee
Pale whitish orange..... S0GaC0C SE 660 000% Joow esau souades
Slightly crusty, brick red .......-.. RS OODBDHO OW Sanaa hc'5 6
No crusty skin.
Salmon pink, pale along puncture................ ~osgo006
Reddish pink, white along puncture...... SuSoodreagacncor
Pink, white along puncture...........1... Bo pomar deen cos
Bright orange 52.. 5. s<sisatsfonsan Me aem a eee popodcacca5a06
MMO Shoes sieievesterera ee nice HET eEtO gidoeicedc Ségcco0n 39660

Not chromogenic.
Rosolic acid decolored.

Culture viscidiastawt sec oc eee SANS, setae eset, ees scene Sees

Col ture isolt Pec cryecsctes cemeteries Bin ciacs vishaitelelsid sovenntelane etetens
Rosolie acid not changed.

Growth very feathery, especially in gelatin..... at Scie iereirehet os eaeeete

Growth not feathery, normal.
Motile ; growth white, rather opaque.

Ratherlarce bacwilis (AOU aS) lei) paseo erie erence

Smaller bacilli (about .5xX1/)...... RES Seas SphtMea areca
Not motile.

White, rather opaque . nab waver bias arbre eisratets aroha

Misty, COncentme nomopaquer: mrss ssc mare eee 36

Very thin, transparent.......-. - AIEODING 3 OMnId OA £16. 0K 3.008

34. Bacillus crassus sputigenus, (Kreibohm ).

Occurrence. From the college collection.

50

51

Morphology. Short, or moderately long rounded bacilli, .7><1-2/, singly, or

more commonly in short chains of two to three elements ; not motile.

Biology. As indicated in the synopsis. Milk was not coagulated till twenty-

eight days and then only on boiling.

35. Bacillus virescens (Frick).

Occurrence. ‘* Bacillus of green diarrhoea ’’ from the college collection.

Morphology. Small rounded bacilli, .7<1-2, singly or in moderately long

straight chains ; actively motile.

Biology. A partial surface skin is formed on liquid media. In the fermenta-
tion tube, abundant growth occurs in the open arm, but it also extends
well up into the closed arm. Growth on agar white, rather translucent,

On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City. 357

a green fluorescence in the medium. Lactose-litmus is reddened rather
slowly, but ultimately completely.
Remarks. From the description, this culture can be referred to either B.
fluorescens tenuis Zimmerman, B. virescens Frick, or B. dentalis viridans
Miller. The ‘‘ Bacillus of Lesage’’ (green diarrhoea) is said to produce
slow liquefaction. It differs from No. 41 only in that nitrate is not re-
duced.

36. Bacillus sarracenicolus nt. sp.

Occurrence. In a fresh leaf of the pitcher plant (Sarracenia purpurea) at
_ Plattsburgh, N. Y., in June.

Morphology. Small bacilli, surrounded by clear spaces in the stained prepa-
ration, not motile; in pairs, short chains or singly; size about .5><1 /.

Biology. Growth on agar, white, faintly tinged with brownish, spreading;
when old, almost ocherous; on lactose-litmus gelatin the growth spreads
out into long lobes, the litmus is reddened, but the color begins to dis-
appear in forty days, and the medium is purple or bluish in ninety days.

37. Bacillus vacuolatus n. sp.

Occurrence. Two cultures from a trap of the carnivorous water plant Utricu-
latria vulgaris from Dead Creek, Plattsburgh, N. Y., in September.
Morphology. Large bacilli varying greatly in length, about 1 wide and 1-5
long, the ends rounded; the contents are curiously vacuolated both in
fresh and old cultures, so that the bacilli stain irregularly, but usually
well at the ends; singly or in short chains; usually not motile, but occa-
sionally spasmodically so. Looks like the figure of Baccilus buccalis

maximus, Miller.

Biology. On agar shining, soft translucent white. Lactose-litmus gelatin is
reddened, but in about sixty days this color begins to be replaced by blue
which gradually increases, though the red was still visible at the apex of
the slant in ninety days.

38. Bacillus urez (Jaksch).

Occurrence. (1) ‘‘ Bacillus uree’’ from Kral’s laboratory. . (2) ‘‘ Bacillus
pyogenes foetidus’’ from Kral’s laboratory.

Morphology. Short rounded bacilli .7-1<1-2, not motile, singly or in short
chains.

Biology. Nitrate partially reduced, the test giving a moderate color; milk
coagulated in (2) only on boiling. Growth on agar, broad shining sordid
white, not very opaque; no surface growth on broth; rosolic acid un-
changed. <A considerable amount of indol is formed in peptone-salt

ier coth. ;

Remarks. Appears not to be contradicted by the description of Bacterium ure
of Jaksch. Comes near Bacillus ubiquitus Jordan, but possesses much
less power of reducing nitrate.

358 On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City.

39. Bacillus subochraceus np. sp.

Occurrence In the air of the college hallway.

Morphology. Rather small bacilli, .7<1.5, not motile or spasmodically so,
singly or in short chains.

Biology. Milk is not coagulated at first, but in tweuty-six days a coagulum
was obtained on boiling; only very slight nitrate reduction. Litmus is
reddencd at first, but in thirty-five days the red begins to disappear and
is replaced by purple, still later by blue (ninety days). Growth on
solid media is translucent with more or less of an ocherous tint, some-
times almost light orange (lactose-litmus gelatin). There is a slight
surface growth on broth; rosolic acid is deepened in color. Surface colo-
nies on gelatin are clear, rather irregular, slightly veined; the deep ones
are round, dusky yellowish.

40. Bacillus domesticus n. sp.

Occurrence. In the air of an apartment house on West 69th street.

Morphology. Rather small rounded bacilli, .61y, mostly in pairs, not
motile.

Biology. Nitrate is reduced rather slowly, but completely in seventeen days.
A slight pink tint may be seen in the surface of milk. Litmus is made
red but in fifty days begins to be replaced by blue. Growth on solid
media at first white, but later shining light yellow, slowly spreading.
Grows well on potato and glycerine agar. The surface colonies on gelatin
are larger than the deep ones, thin, granular yellowish centrally with
even edge.

Remarks. Seems near B. striatus flavus von Besser, but the cells are not curved
and I did not notice any striations.

Also near No. 42, but the nitrate is much more strongly reduced.

41. Bacillus fluorescens tenuis (Zimmermann).
Occurrence. ‘‘ Micrococcus versicolor ’’ from the college collection.
Morphology. Rather short bacilli, mostly in short chains, .6><1-2 actively

motile.

Biology. Nitrate quite strongly reduced but not completely. Growth on agar
translucent white with a green fluorescence in the medium; lactose-litmus
permamently reddened.

Remarks. See remarks under No. 35.

42. Bacilius amabilis n. sp.

Occurrence. In the air of the college hallway.

Morphology. Very short bacilli, often nearly spherical, .7><.8-1 singly or in
irregular chains or masses; not motile.

Biology. Nitrate slightly reduced. On agar a narrow translucent white streak
with pale yellow tint; surface colonies rather large, translucent, yellowish,
on potato a very thin growth, bright yellow with ill defined edges.
Produces no indol; rosolic acid not changed.

Remarks. The cultures died during the summer vacation.

On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City. 359

43. Bacillus flavocoriaceus (Eisenberg).

Occurrence. In the air of an apartment house on West 69th street.

Morphology. Rounded bacilli, singly or in masses .6>1-1.5 y.

Biology. Nitrate quite well reduced but not completely. Growth on solid
media rather dark yellow, shining, the edges inclined to be translucent.
Searcely any growth was obtained on potato. Rosolic acid a little
deepened in color.

44, Bacillis jJavaniensis nb. sp?

Occurrence. ‘‘ Photobacteritum javaniensis’’ from the college collection.

Morphology. Short elliptical bacilli, almost like cocci, about 1—-1.2 4 in diam-
eter, in masses, short chains, twos or fours, not motile.

Biology. Nitrate is strongly reduced but not completely; rosolic acid un-
changed. Growth on agar thick, white, with a distinct yellow tinge;
grows slowly.

Remarks. 1 have met with no description of this species and apply the name
with which it was labelled.

45. Bacillus decolorans minor 2. sp.

Occurrence. In the air of an apartment house on West 69th street.

Morphology. Rounded bacilli .6><.6-1.1 4“, frequently in pairs, not motile.

Biology. Nitrate slowly reduced but completely in twenty-eight days; rosolic
acid decolored; indol formed in peptone-salt broth. In gelatin cultures,
surface growth waxy white, not shining, irregular and finely lumpy,
slight growth along puncture. Surface colonies large, spreading, trans-
lucent white with irregular edges; deep ones dusky yellowish, not char-
acteristic. On agar translucent whitish, rather thin, shining. On potato
very slight brownish translucent growth, not abundant.

46. Bacillus secundus Fullesi n. sp.
Occurrence. In the air of the college yard near 59th street.
Morphology. Large bacilli, short, rounded, singly, often constricted, .7-1><1-
not motile.
Biology. Nitrate quite well reduced but not completely; rosolic acid not faded.
Growth on agar white, rather thin, lactose-litmus made blue.
Remarks. Seems to be not contradicted by the description of Bacillus No. II.
of Fulles.

Oyo
2/5

47. Bacillus aquatilis sulcatus quartus ( Weichselbaum ).
Occurrence. Inatrap of Utricularia vulgaris, Plattsburgh, N. Y., in September.
Morphology. Rounded bacilli, .6><1.5 , in pairs or short chains; in older cul-
tures growing out into long straight chains ; the free cells actively
motile.

Biology. Nitrate partly reduced; rosalic acid unchanged.

Remarks. I have applied the name B. aquatilis sulcatus, No. IV., of Weichsel-
baum, to this form, as it seems not to positively contradict the de-
cription.

360 On Certain Bacterra from the Air of New York City.

48. Bacillus primus Fullesi n. sp.

Occurrence. Ina leaf of Sarracenia purpurea at Plattsburgh, N. Y.
Morphology. Small rounded bacilli, singly and in pairs, do not form long
chains; .5-.6.8-1y, actively motile, but becoming much less so in old
cultures (twenty-five days). ‘
Biology. Nitrate reduced, at length completely, rosalic acid not changed ; the
cultures in milk emit a disagreeable odor.
Remarks. The Bacillus No. I., of Fulles, seems to correspond.

49. Bacillus diphtheriz (Klebs).

Occurrence. From the college colllection.

Morphology. Short bacilli, nearly spherical, irregular; .8<1/ (grown at
room temperature ).

Biology. Grows very poorly at room temperature so that the characters are
not all reliable. Nitrate well reduced in twenty-eight days but not
completely.

50. Bacilus erythrosporous (Eidam).

Occurence. From the college collection.

Morphology. Rounded bacilli, .6><1-1.5 4, singly or in short chains; motile,
form spores.

Biology. A slight trace of reduction of nitrate; rosalic acid decolorized; lac-
tose-litmus made blue at first, but in sixty days the color becomes purple,
and in one hundred days bright red. Growth on agar translucent white,
a green fluorescence in the medium.

51. Bacillus fluorescens putidus (Fligge).

Occurrence. (1) From the college collection. (2) From Kral’s laboratory at
Prague. (3) In the exudation from the anus of some sick lepidopterous
larvee (Clisiocampa fragilis) bred in confinement.

Morphology. Rounded bacilli, .6-.8> 1-2, singly or in short chains, actively
motile.

Biology. Nitrate not reduced, rosalic acid not changed; lactose-ltmus blue at
first but begins to redden in sixty to ninety days. The reddening
became most pronounced in culture (3). Agar growth translucent white
with a green fluorescence in the medium.

52. Bacillus fluorescens aureus (Zimmermann).
Occurrence. From the college collection.
Morphology. Large, rather slender bacilli, .7-1><1-5 4, singly or in chains;
sposmodically motile, the longer chains bending at the joints.
Biology. As above, but the growth is yellow. The description says ocherous_
or golden yellow, but the culture before me has become a very pale yel-
low. No sign of reddening of lactose-litmus in forty-five days.

On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City. 361

53. Bacillus fuscus (Zimmermann).

Occurrence. (1) ‘‘ Bacillus chrysogloia’’ from Kral’s laboratory. (2) In the
air of the college hallway. (3) A contamination from the air of the col-
lege laboratory.

Morphology. Rounded bacilli, .5-.7><1-2, singly or in chains of various
lengths; not motile.

Biology. Nitrate. not reduced or but slightly. Growth characteristically
wrinkled with lobed edges, of crusty brittle texture forming a surface skin
on liquid media; color light orange. Rosolic acid not changed. Aerobie.

Remarks. Does not correspond to the description of B. chrysogloia Zopt.

54. Bacillus fuscus pallidior n. sp.
Occurrence. ‘‘ Bacillus latericeus’’ from Kral’s laboratory.
Morphology. Rounded bacilli .5-.7><1-1. 34, singly and in chains. .
Biology. Asin No. 53, but the growth is a very pale whitish orange, almost
pinkish.
Remarks. Does not correspond to B. latericeus Eisenberg.

55. Bacillus ferrugimeus n. sp.

Occurrence. (1) A contamination from the air of the college laboratory. (2)
From a fresh leaf of Sarracenia purpurea at Plattsburgh, N. Y.

Morphology. Little rounded bacilli .6><1/, in pairs or chains of various lengths ;
not motile.

Biology. Much as in Nos. 53 and 54 but the growth is red, brick red instead
of orange ; it is crusty or granular, scarcely wrinkly as the preceding are ;
grows slowly. Nitrate not reduced, milk not changed, but an abundant
brick-red growth forms on the surface. — In broth a complete surface skin
is not formed. The gelatin colonies under a low power appear like a
round tuft of cotton but small and regular.

56. Bacillus salmoneus n. sp.

Occurrence. In the air of the college hallway.

Morphology. Small:rounded bacilli, .5>.7, singly or in short chains, not
motile. F ha

Biology. A slight reduction of nitrate ; growth on agar narrow, shining, sal-
mon pink, quite opaque where thick. No surface growth on broth.
Deep gelatin colonies rounded, regular, smooth, uncharacteristic.

57. Bacillus finitimus ruber n. sp.

Occurrence. (1) Four times in the air of the college hallway. (2) In
the air on West 59th Street. (3) ‘‘ Micrococcus cinnabareus ’’ from the
college collection.

Morphology. Short rounded bacilli .5><.6-1y, singly or in chains of three or
four, not motile.

Biology. Nitrate not reduced but in one instance considerably reduced. Re-
sembles Nos. 56 and 58 but the color of the growth is reddish pink or
rather bright red.

362 On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City.

538. Bacillus rhodochrous ( Overbeck ).
Occurrence. (1) ** Micrococcus rhodochrous’’ from Kral’s laboratory. (2 )
In the air of the college hallway.
Morphology and biology as above, but the growth is a fine pink with the free
access of air.

59. Bacillus brunneofiavus n sp.
Occurrence. ‘* Micrococcus brunneus’’ from Kral’s laboratory.
Morphology and Biology. As in Nos. 57 and 58 but the growth is bright
orange. There is aslight reduction of nitrate ; rosolic acid not changed.
Remarks. Does not correspond with Bacillus brunneus Adametz.

60. Bacillus flavocoriaceus ( Eisenberg ).

Occurrence. In the air of the college hallway.

Morphology. Very short bacilli, regular and uniform, .5.7y, singly or in
chains of two or three ; not motile.

Biology. Characters all negative. Grows well on glycerine agar, but not on
potato or at 373° C.

Remarks. The gelatin colonies are not coarsely granular, but smooth. In
other respects, the description of Eisenberg is not contradictory.

61. Bacillus zurnianum (List).

Occurrence. In the air of the college hallway.

Morphology. Small rounded bacilli, .6>.6-1 4, singly or in short chains, not
motile.

Biology. A very slight reduction of nitrate. Cultures on solid media trans-
lucent white, very viscous, drawing out into long threads. Does not
produce indol in peptone-salt solution.

Remarks. These bacilli are not as long as B. ziirianum List but seems to cor-

respond otherwise.

62. Bacillus decolorans major n. sp.

Occurrence. (1) In the air of an apartment house on West 69th Street. (2)
In the air of the college hallway.

Morphology. Very short rounded bacilli .7—-.9><1-2, singly or in chains of
various lengths, not motile.

Biology. Asin No. 61, except that the growth is not in the least viscous, and
indol is formed in the peptone-salt broth. The decolorization of rosolic
acid does not take place at once but is complete in from sixteen to twenty-
five days.

Remarks. Ditters from No. 45 in that the cells are larger and that nitrate is
not reduced or but partially so.

63. Bacillus zopfii (Kurth).
Occurrence. (1) ‘‘ Bacterium zopfii’’ from the college collection. (2) ‘‘ Pro-

teus zenkeri’’ from the college collection. (3) ‘‘ Proteus mirabalis’’

On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City. 363 _

from the college collection. (4) ‘‘ Bacillus ramosus non-liquefaciens’”’
from Kral’s laboratory. (5) ‘‘ Bacillus figurans’’ from the college col-
lection.

Morphology. Large straight rod-shaped bacilli .8><1—4y, but soon breaking up
into shorter cells in older cultures; singly or in chains; motile. Ina
twenty-one day culture the bacilli were very short, of the shape of
spores but more spherical.

Biology. Nitrate not reduced or but slightly. The growth on gelatin, both
colonies and streak is very characteristic, sending off fine ramifying
branches far out into the medium. On agar the growth is thin, white,
more or less feathery on the edges. Indol is formed. Lactose-litmus
quickly made blue.

Remarks. Proteus zenkeri is probably the same species as B. zopfii. The other
cultures before me seem to be wrongly named.

64. Bacillus lactis cyanogenus (Hueppe).

Occurrence. (1) ‘‘ Bacillus of blue milk’’ from the college collection. (2)
“Bacillus cuniculicida ’’ from Kral’s laboratory.

Morphology. Rounded, thick bacilli, .7-11-1.5., singly or in pairs, actively
motile.

Biology. Nitrate not reduced or but slightly; aerobic, as shown by the growth
in the fermentation tube. A slight surface growth on broth. Agar
growth translucent white. i

Remarks. The characteristic blackish color was produced in none of my media,
although I made a culture in milk with an acid forming bacillus as rec-
ommended. The cells were twice as thick as described by Hueppe, but
corresponded with the measurement of Jordan. I was unable to differ-
entiate the culture sent to me as “ Bacillus cuniculicida’’ from this
species, as neither produced the black color, and they corresponded very
closely otherwise. This culture does not correspond with the description
of B. cuniculicida (B. septicaemie haemorrhagice according to Sternberg),
as this is said to be not motile.

65. Bacillus typhi abdominalis (Eberth).

Occurrence. (1) ‘‘ Bacillis typhosus’’ from the college collection. (2) In the
air of the college hallway. (3) From a fresh leaf of Sarracenia purpurea
at Plattsburgh, N. Y.

Morphology. Slender rounded bacilli .56-.7><1-2u, singly or in chains ; motile.
In No. 3 the cells measure about .5><.7/ only.

Biology. Nitrate not reduced or partially so in fifty days. Growth on solid
media translucent white.

Remarks. I do not wish to be understood to imply that the bacilli found by
me in the air and the pitcher plant would produce typhoid fever, or even
that they are pathogenic. The presumption is that they are not, and I
have only included them here because they did not differentiate them-
selves on the media used. In this group, the characters are all negative,
and we may have to do with closely allied species. I have tried to apply

364 On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City.

the characters uniformly in all cases, and I think we may learn as much
from cases where separations apparently fail to be made as where they
come out unexpectedly.

66. Bacillus candicans (Frankland).
‘Occurrence. (1) Twice in the air of West. 59th Street. . (2) In the air of the
college (Dr. Cheesman). (3) A contamination, from the air?
Morphology. Short rounded bacilli, .5-.8><.8-1.3u, singly or in twos or threes;
not motile.
Remarks. Resembles No. 62, but rosolic is not decolored.

67. Bacillus Martinezii (Sternberg).

Occurrence. A contamination from the air of the college laboratory.

Morphology. Rounded bacilli, .5><1-1.5, singly or in short straight chains ;
not motile.

Biology. Nitrate slightly reduced in twenty-eight days ; rosalic acid deepened

in color ; growth on agar translucent white. Gelatin colonies are large,
irregular streaked, almost reticulated, with irregular edge ; the mass has
a veriform appearance.

Remarks. As Sternberg’s description does not seem to contradict this culture
in any essential feature, I have applied his name to it, though I have no
other reason for supposing them to be the same.

68. Bacillus inutilis n. sp.

‘Occurrence. Three colonies on some plates exposed to the air in West 59th
Street, and grown at 373° C.
Morphology. Short, rounded bacilli, rather large, 1><1-2u, singly and in pairs.
Biology. Chavracters all negative, growth forms uncharacteristic, on solid
media very thin, translucent ; grows both at room temperature and at.
Bree (Or
LIQUEFYING BACILLI.
(Synopsis of species. )

Nitrate not reduced or but very slightly.
Milk not coagulated.
Lactose-litmus not reddened.
Not chromogenic.
Large bacilli, .6 “ wide or more ; form spores.
Growth skinny ; a surface skin on broth (see 88 and 89).
Growth not skinny or crusty.
Growth viscous ; not motile........... spsonddobodesean) (Ee:
Growth not viscous ; motile.
Shining transluent white on agar.
No growth on potato............... Boomdooowancn tht:
Growth on potato abundant, but nearly invisible.. 71
Very thin and transparent on agar
NO SrOWthON! Potato... V2. iiss siecle coe aa nicieletcre aiSianaee
An abundant growth on potato like brown varnish. 73

On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City. 365

Meryismal li bacille-snotwmobil es tp.te1- o/s stereie isin alelsis,<tetole's'« 0 74
Chromogenic.

AG OTEENISH pM OLESCEMGE ofa iacfale sia! elsievoleievelsl eV alceraiol sts oie ePeVenieicis/e/« 75

Color orange-yellow, growth skinny........... .........0.: 76

Color orange or brownish, growth soft...................0.. wT)

Color yellow (see 104 to 107).

Lactose-litmus reddened ; chromogenic ; not motile.
Growth thin, translucent, reddish where thick.............. 78
Growth yellow. abner Opagule.-/. cs oles i sicle sere = 1 slcts) ste) s = 79

Milk coagulated ; always so on boiling.

Lactose-litmus reddend.
A green fluorescence ; alsoa black pigment in presence of sugar 80
Not fluorescent ; more or less chromogenic.

WO GIL Gy Freten Porsten cto oifatarelsvatet otee stu tiv et ofa\s oiatamiets eoke & storeys (ardor 81
Not motile.
Growth ocherous, faintly chromogenic........... Shoo tet
Growth translucent salmon-pink....................- Best:
Growth brownish red or dark orange-red..............- 84
Lactose-litmus reddened.
Chinwiigaeine &-VElOn? Cocosondéoccacéndgacnocoscopenmosne Be 85

Not chromogenic.
No complete surface skin on broth.

Growth white, marked with more opaque white........ 86

Growth very thin and translucent..................... 87
A wrinkly surface skin on broth.

Spore-bearing cells wider than vegetative ones.......... 88

Cells alike, the spore-bearing ones distended by the spores. 89
Nitrate reduced, at least partially in twenty-eight days.
Milk coagulated, especially so on boiling.
Growth white, waxy, dotted or feathery.

Growth rather thin, granular, dotted or punctate..... ........ 90
Growth more opaque like ground glass, more or less feathery.
Growth suberystalline, finely angularly marked............. 91
Growth scarcely more than finely granular, uniform.
Notrombub slighiblyaswarnalcliygyays spre cicetaaitare ei eto ote 92
With transverse, convex folds or wrinkles................ 93
Growth rather opaque, feathery, with concave creases........ 94
Crowsltaveryailidy SPLEamlm Oascryartateitscla ee are stelctole) 1 yall stele 95

Chromogenic, sometimes only faintly so.
Color ocherous.
Lames SlemGerlis cll. cocconoodsobconanoct codocsdcDnooCsoEr 96
Very small, short bacilli (see 77).
Color pinkish red, rarely white.
(Cmonmls RCO) +3555 oop ooaunang4b commonogouDonHeooon Oboe 97
CROWD MOE VAC ONIR i aoécdasdconcuonnodecoonpmducoosenodsc 98

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Sct., VIII., May, 1895.—26

366 On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City.

Color blackish yioleb::. 22... sis. & deans tyes SE DERE Se es St: 99
Faintly chromogenic, creamy when old.
Growth moderately opaque ; no fluorescence,

Growth‘smooth, Shing: .) 4.6. + 22h. cone eis wee 100
Growth coarsely granular, the lobed parts nearly smooth... 101
Granular punctate with impressed wrinkles ; nolobes...... 102
Growth rather thin ; a green fluorescence .................- 103

Milk not coagulated ; if apparently so, no firm coagulum on boiling.
Yellow; milk often distinctly coagulated in the cold, but not on
boiling.

Lactose-litmus made blue.
Growth, soft, smooth, shining.

Gelatin quickly liquetiede. ¢ <2 45-152 naan ene eee 104
Gelatin slowly, liquefied. 2. 2.002 5. wos) - «eae 105
Growth lompy, sTanular © 22-1. - <5 5.2 cic cates Seren ae 106
Growth. heavily creased: (convex) ./2.)2 <2 255022 4->-5- eee 107
Lactose-litmus reddened ; growth viscous .........-....------ 108
A .ereen finorescenee’in the medium: £3: 12. h.0 52 .c2sess see eee 109
Bright orange ; growth forming a crusty skin..........-......... 110
Faintly chromogenic or not.
Rosolic acid unchanged or darkened..........-.... id gale a ee
Rosolie acid decolorized..f 2222424 dj2.04s° Bs ebe Bet Sic peice 11S

69. Bacillus vermiculosus (Zimmermann. )
Occurrence. From Kral’s laboratory.

Morphology. Square ended bacilli, 1<2-4 4, singly or in chains, not motile.

Biology. Gelatin slowly liquefied, not complete in twenty-eight days ; usually
begun in fourteen days. The growth on agar is viscous, coming off in
long strings on the needle. Rosolie acid not changed. On potato the

growth is broad and thick of a sordid flesh color.

70. Bacillus alpha n. sp.
Occurrence. In the air on West 59th Street.
Morphology. Large bacilli, .8<1-2 4, singly or in long close straight chains ;
motile.
Biology. Gelatin not liquefied at first, but well liquefied in one-hundred days.
Some colonies on a gelatin plate liquefied in eleven days. Rosolic acid
not changed ; produces some indol.

71. Bacillus beta n. sp.

Occurrence. In the air of the college hallway.

Morphology. Short, large bacilli with rounded ends, .6><1.5-2 4, actively mo-
tile, forms spores.

Biology. Gelatin liquefied rather slowly, the surface growth on this medium
very feathery and thin without definite boundary. Rosolic acid not
changed ; forms some indol.

On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City. 367

72. Bacillus circulans (Jordan).
Occurrence. In the air of the college hallway.
Morphology. Large bacilli with rounded ends, .6><1—2u, mostly singly ; motile.
Biology. Gelatin rather slowly liquefied ; milk not coagulated ; nitrate very
slightly reduced in twenty-eight days ; rosolic acid not decolored ; forms
a little indol. Growth on agar thin and translucent.

73. Bacillus Scheurtleni (Sternberg).

Occurrence. In the air on West 59th Street.

Morphology. Large rounded bacilli, .7-1><1-2.5 4, singly and in short chains
motile ; forms spores.

Biology. Gelatin quickly liquefied ; rosolic acid not changed, forms no indol,
nitrate very slightly reduced in twenty-eight days.

Remarks. Apparently corresponds to the ‘‘ Bacillus of Scheurlen’’ described
in Sternberg’s manual.

74. Bacillus incanus (Pohl).

Occurrence. Ina leaf of Sarracenia purpurea at Plattsburgh, N. Y.

Morphology. Small rounded bacilli, .4-.5><.6-1, usually in short chains, not
motile, does not form spores (115 days on agar).

Biology. Gelatin liquefied rather slowly, nitrate slighly reduced, rosolic acid
not changed ; growth on agar translucent white, not broad, irregularly
streaked.

Remarks. Uhave identified this with B. incanus, though with some hesitation,
as that species is said to be slightly motile, and the growth on agar is de-
seribed as granular.

75. Bacillus fluorescens nivalis (Schmolck).

Occurrence. In the exudate from a sick lepidopterous larva (Scoliopterys lib-
atrix) at Keene Valley, N. Y.

Morphology. Rather slender bacilli, .5-.7><1-3u, mostly singly, actively mo-
tile.

Biology. Gelatin quickly liquefied ; rosolic acid nearly decolorized in sixteen
days ; nitrate not reduced ; growth on agar thin and translucent, a fine
greenish fluorescence in the medium.

Remarks. Differs from No. 109 in not reducing nitrate. I have identified this
as above rather than describe it as new, though there is nothing in the
description to differentiate it from No. 109.

76. Bacillus gamma p. sp.
Occurrence. In the air of the college yard, near West 59th Street.
Morphology. Bacilli associated in thick adherent masses, .5—.7><1-1.5 4”, mo-
tile, in old cultures many small spherical forms are seen.
Biology. Milk not coagulated, but the casein ultimately dissolved ; lactose-
litmus is made blue, though sometimes this is obscured by the decoloring
effect ; nitrate not reduced, rosolic acid not changed. The species is

368 On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City.

zerobic and forms a thick compact surface skin on liquid media. Onagar
the growth is broad, translucent ocherous yellow, concentrically marked.
It comes off in pieces under the needle and is difficult to transfer.

77. Bacillus rubidus (Eisenberg).

Occurrence. (1) Asacontamination. (2) Three times in the air of the college
yard near 59th street. (3) In a trap of the carnivorous water plant
Utricularia vulgaris in Dead Creek, Plattsburgh, N. Y.

Morphology. Small rounded bacilli .56—.7><.6-1 u, singly or in short chains, not
motile except No. (3) which was motile when fresh but not in older cul-
tures.

Biology. Gelatin quickly liquefied, but in No. (1) not for seventy days and
then only a dry hollow was found. Milk not coagulated usually, but in
a culture of No. (3) there was coagulation or boiling in fourteen days,
but not subsequently. In another of No. (3) there was a partial pastry co-
agulum in twenty-eight days on boiling. Nitrate not reduced or very
slightly. The growth on agar varies in color, but is of a translucent red-
dish brown shading into yellowish, orange or whitish.

Remarks. ‘These cultures are not all alike, as will be noticed, and do not corre-
spond entirely with Eisenberg’s description, but I have preferred to re-
gard them as varieties of one species.

78. Bacillus delta n. sp.

Occurrence. From a water plate.

Morphology. Short bacilli, .5><.8-1, singly and in short chains, not motile.

Biology. Gelatin slowly liquefied, beginning in twenty-one days. Milk not
coagulated on boiling, though it may appear somewhat so before. Rosolie -
acid not changed. On agar the growth is so thin that its red color is
scarcely apparent, but it is evident on milk at the surface. Grows well
at 373°C, of a translucent light pink. On potato shining, light red, not
greatly spreading.

79. Bacillus fulwus (Zimmermann).

Occurrence. (1) In the air of the college hallway. (2) In the air of an apart-
ment house on West 69th street. (3) From a water plate.

Morphology and biology. Under the above name, I associate three cultures
which agree in liquefying gelatin very slowly, usually not for twenty-one
days. Lactose-litmus reddened, rosolic acid not changed, no surface
growth on broth. They differ as follows: (1) .5>.7-1/; indol formed
abundantly; on potato a narrow rather shining bright yellow growth;
lactose-litmus permanently reddened. (2) 11.2; scarcely any indol
formed; no growth on potato; lactose-litmus permanently reddened. (3)
.4>¢.5 4; considerable indol is formed; on potato a coarse densely granular
dry growth, brown centrally, yellow on the edges; lactose-litmus made
red, but later becomes blue.

Remarks. Iam unable to decide whether these are distinct species or varieties

Go
lor)

On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City. 9
80. Bacillus violaceus sacchari (Ager).*

Occurrence. In the air of the college yard.

Morphology. Short bacilli .5><.7-1 4, singly or in short chains, actively motile.

Biology. Gelatin quickly liquefied, milk coagulated, rosolic acid faded. Pro-
duces a green fluorescence and also a blackish color in the presence of
glucose, lactose, glycerine and in some samples of broth, also on the addi-
tion of formaline.

Remarks. Differs from No. 75 in producing the violaceus black pigment. This
is very well marked in old cultures in milk.

81. Bacillus Hudsonii vn. sp.

Occurrence. (1) In the air of the college hallway. (2) A contamination from
the air of the laboratory. (3) Twice in the air of the college yard. (4)
A culture obtained by Prof. G. H. Hudson at Plattsburgh, N. Y.

Morphology. Small rounded bacilli, .5—.6 x .7-1.5 4, singly or in pairs; motile.

Biology. Gelatin quickly liquefied, milk coagulated after 14 days, finally
forming a distinct curd which is sometimes dissolved. Nitrate not re-
duced or very slightly ; rosolic acid not changed. On potato the growth
is thin, translucent ocherous or orange tinted. The amount of redden-
ing of lactose-litmus varied somewhat in the different cultures. On
glycerine agar an abundant growth is formed, thick, but translucent or
of a mustard color, while a considerable accumulation of orange pig-
ment collects in the condensation water in the bottom.

82. Bacillus oxylacticus n. sp.?

Occurrence. (1) ‘ Bacillus oxylacticus’”’ from Kral’s laboratory. (2. ) In
the air of the college yard.

Morphology. Rather large bacilli 1-1.3>1.7-2.5, singly or in long chains ;
not motile.

Biology. Gelatin quickly liquefied, nitrate not reduced, rosolic acid not
changed ; on potato the growth is shining watery translucent, somewhat
marked with more opaque white. Growth on agar white with a faint
ocherous yellow tint.

Remarks. Ihave seen no description of ‘* Bacillus ovylacticus.”’

83. Bacillus epsilon n sp.
Occurrence. Inthe air of the college yard.
Morphology. Small rounded bacilli .5><. 7-1 4, not motile.
Biology. Gelatin rather quickly liquefied, nitrate not reduced, rosolic acid
not faded ; growth on agar translucent pink, shining.

84. Bacillus zeta n sp.

.
Occurrence. In the air of the college hallway.
Morphology and biology. As in No. 83 but the growth is shining orange color.
Growth is slow and liquefaction does not begin before ten days ; on the
surface of milk a layer of red cream forms.

* New York Medical Journal, 1894, p. 265.

370 On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City.

85. Bacillus Fischeri (Beyerinck. )

Occurrence. (1) ‘*‘Photobacterium phosphorescens’’ from Kral’s laboratory.
(2) ‘*Photobacterium balticum ”’ from Kral’s laboratory. ( 3.) ‘‘Pho-
tobacterium fischeri’’ from Kral’s laboratory. (4) ‘‘ Photobacterium
Pfligeri’’ from Kral’s laboratory.

Morphology. Short bacilli .5-.6><.6-1.2 4, usually singly.

Biology. Gelatin liquefied slowly, usually in twenty-eight days. Milk co-
agulated but very slowly and often not demonstrable in twenty-eight
days ; in No. ( 4 ) in one hundred and seventy days ; nitrate slightly re-
duced but very slowly. Growth on solid media is yellow, but it takes
place slowly and the cultures are liable to die. Rosolic acid and lacose- .
litmus are unchanged.

Remarks. Apparently differs from B. argenteo phosphorescens liquefaciens Katz
only in lquefying geletin much more slowly.

, 86. Bacillus proteus vulgaris ( Hauser. )
Occurrence. ‘* Proteus vulgaris’? from the college collection.
Morphology. Large rounded bacilli, .2<1-2, singly and in long chains, the
elements separated by spaces ; spasmodically motile. -
Biology. In lactose-litmus gelatin little wandering colonies may be seen in the
unliquefied part of the medium ; growth on agar soft, white ; scarcely
a well defined surface growth on broth. Gelatin, quickly liquefied,
milk coagulated, nitrate not reduced.

87. Bacillus alvwei ( Cheshire & Cheyne. )
Occurrence. From the college collection.
Morphology. Slender straight bacilli .7><3.5 2, in short chains, motile, forms
spores.
Biology Gelatin quickly liquefied, milk coagulated, nitrate slightly reduced.
Growth on agar very thin, spreading. Rosolic acid not changed.

88 Bacillus megaterium (De Bary).

Occurrence From the college collection.

Morphology. Slender bacilli, .8><2-5 “, when about to produce spores the cells
are more rounded and about 1-1.24 4”, singly and in chains, not motile.

Biology. Milk was not coagulated in the first sample, but quickly in second

one, nitrate not reduced. A wrinkled surface skin on broth.

89. Bacillus subtilis (Ehrenberg).

Occurrence. From the college collection.

Morphology. Large square ended bacilli, .7><2-3 “, singly or in long chains ;
spasmodically motile, from spores which are wider than the rods.

Biology. Asin No. 88, but the growth has a more crusty texture. The same
contradictory effect was produced in milk as in No. 88, but this may be
due to differences in the samples of milk which were the same for these
two species.

On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City. 371

90. Bacillus anthracis (Pollender).

Occurrence. From the college collection.

Morphology. Large square ended bacilli, .8-1><2-5 , singly or in chains, the
elements often separated by spaces; not (or spasmodically ?) motile ;
forms large spores.

Biology. Gelatin quickly liquefied, milk rapidly coagulated, the coagulum
slowly dissolved, nitrate completely reduced in two days ; rosolic acid
not changed ; lactose-litmus not reddened.

91. Bacillus crystalloides n. sp.
Oceurrence. A contamination on some plates of B. lactis erythrogenes.
Morphology and biology. As in No. 90, but the growth on agar is at first rather
clear, refracting, checkered-crystalline ; the edges with shallow lobes.*
Later it becomes thicker and opaque, coarsely granular, a little wrinkly,
but on the thinner edges the crystalline markings persist.

92. Bacillus ramosus (Frankland).
Occurrence. (1) From Kral’s laboratory. (2) ‘‘ Bacillus anthracoides’’ from
Kral’s laboratory. (3) In the air on West 59th Street near the college.
(4) With No. 91.
Morphology and biology. As in Nos. 90-91, but the growth on agar is smooth,
finely granular and somewhat translucent, well defined and granular at
the margin or a little feathery, scarcely at all creased.

93. Bacillus lactis albus ( Loffler).

Occurrence. (1) Found by Dr. Kitchell in a mouse dead of anthrax. (2) In
the air of the college hallway. (3) With No. 91.

Morphology and biology. As in Nos. 90-92. The cells are not motile or spas-
modically so. In the media a yellow color may be produced of greater
or less intensity, but the growth is not colored. The agar growth is as in
No. 92, but usually wrinkled, forming elevated, sharp folds.

Remarks. Loftler has described some species of the anthrax group, and I apply
his name to this form. The slower rate of liquefaction which he men-
tioned may be due to a difference in the composition of the media.

4. Bacillus mycoides (Fligge).
Occurrence. From the college collection.
Morphology and biology. As in Nos. 90-93, but the growth on agar is extra-
ordinarily feathery and marked with concave creases.
Remarks. Nos. 90-94 may be but races of one species.

95. Bacillus mesentericus vulgatus (Fliigge).
Occurrence. (1) From the college collection. (2) From the air in the college
hallway. (3) A contamination in a culture of B. helvolus.
Morphology. Large, rather square-ended bacilli, .7-1><1-3 1, singly or in long
chains, not or spasmodically motile, form spores.

*Dr. Cheesman has obtained this identical growth from cultures of Bacillus anthracis.

,

372 On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City.

Biology. Gelatin quickly liquefied, milk coagulated, but usually not till after
some time; nitrate partly reduced, not completely; lactose-litmus not
reddened. Growth on agar translucent white with a marked tendency
to spread over the surface in a very thin layer.

96. Bacillus ochraceus (Zimmermann).

Occurrence. From Kral’s laboratory.

Morphology. Slender bacilli, .4X1-3 1, singly or in chains separated by spaces;
not motile.

Biology. Asin No. 95, but the growth is very different, being opaque, orange
yellow streaked with white, not spreading widely.

Remarks. This species is said to be motile, ‘‘slow and serpentine,’’ but my
cultures did not show it.

97. Bacillus prodigiosus (Eherenberg).

Occurrence. From the college collection.

Morphology. Small rounded bacilli, .5><1/, mostly singly, actively motile.

Biology. Gelatin quickly liquefied, nitrate completely reduced; lactose-litmus
reddened. The cultures on agar were viscid.

Remarks. This species is said to form gas in presence of sugar, but my cultures
did not, and it seems more likely that this species and B. rosaceus metal-
loides (No. 113) have been confounded, as they are closely alike except
for the gas formation.

98. Bacillus indicus (Koch).
Occurrence. ‘* Bacillus indicus ruber,’’ from the college collection.
Morphology and biology. Asin No. 97 except that the growth is not viscid.
(Compare Nos. 113 and 114.)
Remarks. ‘The culture before me has become white. This form is not to be
distinguished from the white variety of No. 97. I do not know whether
its chromogenic form is the same or not.

99. Bacillus violaceus Laurentius (Jordan). |

Occurrence. (1) ‘‘ Bacillus violaceus,’’? from Kral’s laboratory. (2) ‘‘ Mi- |
crococcus violaceous,’’ from Kral’s laboratory.

Morphology. Small bacilli, .6><1 4, singly or in long chains, motile.

Biology. Gelatin quickly liquefied, milk coagulated, nitrate completely re-
duced and rapidly; lactose-litmus made blue, rosolic acid not changed;
forms indol; scarcely any growth on potato.

Remarks. This can not be B. violaceus Frankland, as it was not observed to
form spores. It differs from B. lividus Plagge and Proskaner in liquefy-
ing gelatin rapidly. It differs from B. jacinthus Zopf, in coagulating
milk, while the growth is not tough, but agrees with it in reducing ni-
trate quickly. It differs from B. violaceus laurentius Jordan in reducing
nitrate quickly, in producing the violet color in ordinary broth and in
not growing on potato; but I have not felt justified to consider these dif-
ferences as specific.

i)

Ti

~~
UO

On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City. 3

100. Bacillus mesentericus fuscus (Fligge).

;

Occurrence. (1) From the college collection. (2) ‘‘ Bacillus disciformans,’
from Kral’s laboratory. (3) A contamination in a milk culture of No.
10.

Morphology. Rather square-ended bacilli, .5><.9-4 4“, singly or in chains, mo-
tile, form spores.

Biology. Gelatin quickly liquefied, nitrate only partially reduced, often only
very slightly; lactose-litmus not reddened, rosolic acid not changed.
Growth on agar soft, when moderately old pale creamy or ocherous in
tint, inclined to be lobed on the edges. Forms a crusty partial skin on
broth.

101. Bacillus m. fuscus granulatus n. sp.
Occurrence. Abundantly in a jar of ‘“‘sterilized milk’’ with No. 1.
Morphology and biology. As in No. 100, but the growth on agar is rather
coarsely granulated, and nitrate is completely reduced in twenty-eight
days.

102. Bacillus m. fuscus comsistens n. sp.

Occurrence. A contamination in a milk culture of No. 10 with No. 100.

Morphology and biology. As in No. 100, but little wandering colonies were
seen in lactose-litmus gelatin in the unliquefied part of the medium as in
B. proteus vulgaris, the bacilli in the chains were separated by well-
marked spaces and the growth on agar was creased and irregular, the
edges turning down, almost cutting into the surface of the medium, and
was very coherent and difficult to plant. For the hanging drop, it was
necessary to break up the growth with two needles.

Remarks. Nos. 101 and 102 may be varieties of No. 100.

103. Bacillus pyocyaneus (Gessard).

Occurrence. ‘‘B. pyocyaneus’’ from the college collection.

Morphology. Small rounded bacilli .5><.7-1 4, singly or in short chains ; mo-
tile.

Biology. Gelatin quickly liquefied, nitrate completely reduced, rosalic acid
rather deepened in color, lactose-litmus made blue.

104. Bacillus lactis erythrogenes (Hueppe).

Occurrence. (1) From the college collection. (2) ‘‘ Bacillus versicolor ’’ from
the college collection. * (3) Thirteen times in the air of the college
hallway and the yard.

Morphology. Very short bacilli, .6-.9><.9-1 4, singly in twos or short chains ;
not motile.

Biology. Gelatin quickly liquefied, milk apparently coagulated but without
forming a curd on boiling, nitrate reduced completely, or more rarely

* Dr. Prudden’s.description of 2. versicolor seems rather to apply to No. 105 and _ his

name has precedence over Zimmermann’s. Probably both forms were before him and the
more quickly liquefying one got preserved as the typical culture.

374 On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City.

only partially ; lactose-litmus made blue, rosolic acid not changed.
Growth on solid media soft, thick, yellow, with a pink tint in the
medium.

105. Bacillus helvolus (Zimmermann).

Occurrence. (1) From Kral’s laboratory. (2) ‘‘ Staphylococcus cereus flavus ”’
from the college collection. (3) A contamination from the air of the col-
lege laboratory. (4) From the air of an apartment house on West 69th —
Street. (5) From air of the college hallway.

Morphology. As in No. 104, or the cells a little longer.

Biology. Gelatin slowly liquefied, sometimes not for thirty or forty days, but
the character is variable ; milk not coagulated ; nitrate not reduced,
slightly reduced, or even completely reduced, but usually not for some
time. Growth on agar yellow with or without a pink tint in the medium.

Remarks. This form grades into the preceding. Zimmermann does not men-
tion the pink pigment and it was not visible in my cultures from Europe
at first, but came out some three months afterwards. My measurements
are all shorter than those given in the books as the preparations were all
made from agar cultures.

106. Bacillus helvolus granulatus n. sp.
Occurrence. Found in the process of purifying a culture of No. 105.
Morphology and biology. Asin No. 105, but the growth on agar is granular
lumpy, pale yellow, with scarcely any pink tint.

107. Bacillus erythrogenes rugatus pn. sp.
Occurrence. This is the ‘‘ wrinkly form’ of No. 104 with which the experi-
ments on discontinuous variations hereinbefore recounted were carried on.
Morphology and biology. It differs from No. 104 in that growth on agar is
thin, skinny and covered with coarse wrinkles. (See figure. )
Remarks. This comes near B. plicatus Zimmermann, but liquefies gelatin
much more rapidly, besides producing the pink color in media.

108. Bacillus eta n. sp.
Occurrence. In the air of the college hallway.
Morphology. Small rounded bacilli, .5><.7-1 “, mostly singly; not motile.
Biology. Gelatin liquefied slowly (in twenty-eight to one hundred days),
milk not coagulated, nitrate completely reduced, but slowly; rosalic acid
not changed. On solid media, yellow, viscous, with no pink tint.

109. Bacillus fluorescens liquefaciens (Fligge).
Occurrence. (1) From Kral’s laboratory. (2) ‘‘ Bacillus pyocyaneus’’ frem
the college collection.
Morphology. Short rounded bacilli, .5><.7-1.2 4, mostly singly, actively motile.
Biology. Gelatin quickly liquefied, milk not coagulated, but the casein is
dissolved ; nitrate well reduced but not completely. Lactose-litmus not
reddened ; rosolic acid decolored.

On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City. 8715

110. Bacillus fuscus liquefaciens n. sp.

Occurrence. (1) ‘‘ Bacillus fuscus”’ from Kral’s laboratory. (2) A contam-
ination from the air of the college laboratory.

Morphology. Slender bacilli. .5-.61-2y, singly or in short chains ; not
motile.

Biology. Gelatin liquefied slowly (in fourteen to fifty days), milk not coagu-
lated, nitrate partly reduced. Lactose-litmus made blue, rosolic acid not
changed.

Remarks. Differs from No. 53 only in that gelatin is ultimately liquefied.
This comes near the description of B. tremelloides Schottelius, but the
growth is never shining and the liquefaction is much slower.

111. Bacillus theta n. sp.

Occurrence. In the air of the college hallway.

Morphology. Rounded bacilli, .5-.7><1-1.3 4, mostly in pairs ; motile(?)

Biology. Gelatin slowly liquefied (twenty-one days), milk not coagulated ;
nitrate completely reduced in twenty-one days; lactose-litmus made blue.
Growth on agar translucent ocherous, obscure. On broth, a surface skin
gradually forms which may be made to sink entire. On potato, abund-
ant shining brownish ocherous, thick and spreading.

Remarks. This seems related to No. 76, but nitrate is reduced and the growth
is not just the same.

112. Bacillus Kappa np. sp.

Oceurrence. From a sick larva of Scoliopteryx libatrix with No. 75.

Morphology. Little rounded bacilli, singly and in pairs, .7><1/, not positively
motile.

Biology. Gelatin liquefied in twenty-eight days ; nitrate completely reduced.
Lactose-litmus made blue. Growth white, soft, moderately opaque, not
chromogenic. Forms a surface skin in the open arm of the fermenta-
tion tube.

GAS-FORMING BACILLI.
Synopsis of species.
Gelatin ultimately liquefied.

Rosolic acid faded.

CONT LM MOL, VISCOUS spa 579 nla sisies = c\cyelel =¥s1015 <iors aisle. ci Taradpiv els ace\essucieke 113

Growth viscous ..... So Te Noe CL ADS eo SIS eee COC Mato percha BIC
Rosolie acid not changed.

Lactose-ltmus reddened, but ultimately becomes blue.

Agar growth opaque white.

IN@URINO WE Ao Sado Hoda ober Set onde oe FEO Sta POE 6 ae oe 115
IMO tLe Reiter areeyi-cs GOD DU ae Re TID GOMER OR Os Bete: 116
Agar growth translucent, white, thin, sometimes lobed, spreading.
Colontesidistorted broteus-llkeC ean -te ecsiee creel aie etoile = ere ata)
Colonies even, normal.
Not or spasmodically motile ...... Seer saiae Rete S siateustere we 118

ANGHIVELyeMObILE = <lejere:< «\-leivio's ole ADE COE COU LO SeON 3/8 Ser siete TS

376 On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City.

isactose-litmms made wblue gibtiish \etree)-11 1) -tele hee eee 120
Gelatin not liquefied.
Lactose-litmus permanently reddened.

Growth fluid: cellsianicapsulley terest) ableere oe tee eee 121
Growth not fluid.
Nitrate partly reduced...... sigts nie bia de. oie sie) eio else see eee eee 122
Nitrate completely reduced see eee cee 123

Lactose-litmus reddened, later blue.
Rosolic acid not changed.

Culture nob viscousere ness ee eee one Oe eee ee eee Cee 124
Growth. Very VISCOUS). Fete crleeisistere iyo erp cree ileiintes aay Ree 125
Rosoliciacia faded: cyeveeis- eseuect ote o ise Gene POE OO 126

113. Bacillus rosaceus metalloides (Dowdeswell).

Occurrence. (1) ‘‘ Bacillus miniaceus’’ from Krals laboratory. (2) ‘‘Red
water from Brooklyn,’’ from the college collection. (3) ‘‘ Bacillus ma-
genta,’’ from the college collection. (4) ‘‘ Bacillus ruber of Kiel”? from
Kral’s laboratory.

Morphology. Small rounded bacilli, .56-.7>.8-1.3 4, singly, in pairs or short
chains, motile, or partially so, often not motile. In old cultures, small
spherical cells occur, gradually to the exclusion of the bacillar forms.

Biology. Gelatin liquefied, but not quickly; in fourteen days it is usually
distinct, but may not ensue for thirty days. Milk is coagulated more
or less rapidly, in all cases by twenty-one days, on boiling. Nitrate
strongly reduced, usually completely. Lactose-litmus reddened. Gas
is formed in the fermentation tube, and in cultures on lactose-litmus
gelatin. A surface crust on broth. Rosolic acid decolorized. Growth
on all media strongly chromogenic, fine crimson red, but a white form
readily occurs on repeated cultivation.

114. Bacillus Plymouthensis.
Occurrence. ‘‘B. rubrum, Plymouth,’’ from the college collection.
Morphology and biology. As above, except that the growth is viscous.
Remarks. This form is scarcely deserving of specific rank.
115. Bacillus oxytocus perniciosus (Fligge).
Occurrence. ‘‘Oxytocus perniciosus,’’ from the college collection.
Morphology. Short, thick, rounded bacilli, 1><1.2-2y, singly or in pairs; not
motile.
Biology. Gelatin liquefied, but not before thirty-five days; milk coagulated;
nitrate well reduced; lactose-litmus reddened.
Remarks. Described as not liquefying gelatin, but the liquefaction occurs so
late that it may have been overlooked.
116. Bacillus Kralii n. sp.
Occurrence. ‘‘ Bacillus butyricus’’ from Kral’s laboratory.
Morphology. Short rounded Bacilli, .7><.8, mostly singly, motile, but not
actively so.

On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City. 377

Biology. Gelatin liquefied in about thirty days ; milk coagulated, nitrate well
reduced but not completely.

Remarks. This cannot be B. butyrius Pragmowski which is anaérobic. It
differs from B. butyricus of Hueppe in the size of the cells, the rate of
liquefaction of gelatin and in other details. It apparently differs from B.
gasoformans Eisenberg in liquefying gelatin much more slowly.

117. Bacillus larvicida n. sp.

Occurrence. In the exudate from the anus of a sick larva of Clisiocampa fragilis.
Morphology. Short rounded bacilli .8><1 4, singly, and actively motile.
Biology. Gelatin liquetied in fourteen to twenty-one days ; milk coagulated ;

nitrate completely reduced. Colonies on gelatin present curious twisted
shapes like those described for the species of ‘‘Proteus.’’

118. Bacillus lactis aerogenes (Escherich).

Occurrence. From the college collection.

Morphology. Small rounded bacilli, .6><1 4, singly or in pairs ; occasionally
motile.

Biology. Gelatin liquefied in fifty days or not ; milk coagulated, nitrate partly
reduced. One culture upon lactose-litmus gelatin produced liquefaction
in fifty days and the reddening that first took place was succeeded by
blue ; a second culture produced only reddening and no liquefaction.

Remarks. The second culture on lactose-litmus was not to be distinguished
from B. coli communis. B. lactis aerogenes is said not to liquefy gelatin
and be not motile, but these characters were not very markedly contra-
dicted by the present culture, so I have preferred not to change the name.

119. Bacillus vernicosus (Zimmermann).

Occurrence. (1) From Kral’s laboratory. (2) In the air of the college hall-
way.

Morphology. Small bacilli, .5><.6-1, singly and in short chains, actively

motile.

Biology. Gelatin slowly liquefied, in from ten to thirty days, milk coagulated,
nitrate not reduced or but very slightly.

Remarks. The cultures obtained by me from the air does not correspond
exactly with the culture of B. vernicosus ; the growth has an ocherous
tinge and seems otherwise slightly different. I cannot positively differ-
entiate it, however.

120. Bacillus pyogenes foetidus liquefaciens n. sp?

Occurrence. From Kral’s laboratory.

Morphology. Small bacilli, .6><1 , singly orin pairs ; not motile.

Biology. Gelatin quickly liquefied, milk coagulated, nitrate not reduced.
Colonies regular, uncharacteristic. Rosolic acid not decolorized.

Remarks. I have seen no description of this species.

378 On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City.

121. Bacillus Pruddenii n. sp.

Oceurrence. Found by Dr. Prudden in a case of Cystitis, the cells surrounded
by a capsule.

Morphology. Rather large short bacilli, .9-1><1.2 1, usually singly ; not motile.

Biology. Asin B. coli communis, with the exception that the growth has asoft
consistency, so that an oblique culture on lactose-litmus gelatin it flows
down to the base of the tube, but produces no liquefaction.

Remarks. This may be one of the many varieties of the following species, but I
have not found a good description which covered the differential character
which I have observed. The capsules did not appear so as to be noticed
in preparations from an agar culture. Apparently this species is much
like the ‘‘Pneumococcus’’ of Friedlander.

122. Bacillus coli communis (Escherich).

Occurrence. (1) From the college collection. (2) ‘‘ Bacillus neapolitanus ”’
from Kral’s laboratory. (3) ‘‘ Bacillus cavicida”’ from Kral’s laboratory.
(4) *‘Bacillus der Frettchenseuche”’ from Kral’s laboratory. (5) ‘‘ Bacillus
acidi lactici’’ from the college collection. (6) ‘‘ Proteus hominis ’’ from
the college collection.

Morphology. Short bacilli; some constricted, .6><.8-1.2 4, usually singly, not
motile.

Biology. Milk coagulated, nitrate only partially reduced in twenty-eight days ;
rosolic acid not changed ; growth not viscid.

125. Bacillus Bookeri.

Occurrence. Found by Dr. Prudden in a case of Cystitis.

Morphology. Very short bacilli, resembling cocci, .8><1 4, partially motile.

Biology. Differs from the preceding in reducing nitrate completely.

Remarks. This may be the Bacillus f. of Booker which seems to be an un-
usually vigorous variety of B. coli communis.

124. Bacillus acidiformans (Sternberg).

Oceurrence. From the college collection.

Morphology. Very short bacilli, resembling cocci, .6>¢.8-1 ”, not motile.

Biology. Milk coagulated, nitrate partially reduced, rosolic acid not changed.
Lactose-litmus is at first reddened, but in twenty-five days a blue spot
appears which gradually spreads throughout the medium (ninety days).

125. Bacillus capsulatus (Pfeffer).

Occurrence. (1) From the college collection. (2) ‘‘ Bacillus synxanthus’”’
from Kral’s laboratory.

Morphology. Bacilli varying considerably in size, .6-1><.7-1.5 u, singly or in
short chains ; not motile ; no capsule seen.

Biology. Milk coagulated, nitrate completely reduced. The growth on agar
is very viscid.

Remarks. Apparently B. synxanthus Schroter is the same as B. capsulatus Pfeffer.
At any rate, I have been unable to differentiate these two cultures.
Neither showed the capsule from agar cultures.

On Certain Bacteria from the Air of New York City. 319

126. Bacillus sordidus n. sp. ?

Oceurrence. ‘‘ Micrococcus sordidus”’ from Kral’s laboratory.

Morphology. Short bacilli, .6-1><1-1.5, singly or in pairs, rarely a short
chain ; not motile. In one preparation the bacilli were seen to be sur-
rounded by a transparent capsule.

Biology. Milk coagulated, nitrate partly reduced, rosolic acid decolorized.
The agar growth is very viscous and that on lactose-litmus gelatin forms
a great jelly-like mass which may collect to a large extent in the bottom
of the tube.

Remarks. I have seen no description of this species.

COMPOSITION OF THE MEDIA.

The following formulz will explain the composition of the
media used in the preceding investigations. All media were
rendered alkaline to litmus to such a degree that they were still
acid to phenol-ptalein, requiring from .1 to .2 cc. of tenth normal
sodium hydrate * for every cubic centimeter of the medium to
render it neutral to the latter indicator. But if the medium, as
first prepared, turned out more alkaline than this, no acid was
added to it. The ordinary method of titration was used.

BROTH. GELATIN.
Extract of meat (Liebig’s),...5 gr. Broth as above prepared, with the
Sit (USEXQ DS OS ates ee hers ae 5 gr. addition of 10 per cent. gelatin.
PREM GON,.|....5- 2 + <6 scion eres eles 10 er.
Wiener (filtered), ..-....- a LOOOIEE:

Two eggs (to clear).

AGAR. GLYCERINE AGAR.
Broth as above with 1 percent. agar- Agar with 6 per cent. glycerine.

agar.

LACTOSE-LITMUS AGAR.

Agar as above with 2 per cent. lactose and litmus enough to render dis-
tinctly purple. The litmus should be added as late as possible, as long boiling
with the medium injures the color.

FERMENTATION BROTH. MILK.
BUMS )5), c.0,0s cele le ces 2 LOror: Commercial milk, rendered alkaline
BeMiea 65s. SADA AE robts Oe entee 5 gr. if necessary.
ER sees = acis.e i isle ene 20 gr.
LS Oe 1000 ce.

* 4 grams of pure sodium hydrate to 1 liter of distilled water.

380 On Certain Bacterra from the Air of New York City.

NITRATE SOLUTION. RosoLtc ACID BROTH.
Pepto sic sss eile ite 1 gv. PEPbON,, .3/-1-1s errs eyseeh se oe 10 er.
Potassium mitrate (KINO })) OL 2sors ee Salty se rtele ~ alee eter etek teteiele 5 gr.
WAU 06 b6a.55qucn aoc oon OSS MOODS VEN GhocaqooamceaG odocn. 1000 ce.
Rosalic acid solution, ......-. 40 ce.

(Rosolic acid solution made of ro-
salic acid 3 gr., alcohol, 80 per cent.,

100 ce. )
PEPTON SALT BROTH. PorTATo.
HOM, soacascaaanencosGsor 1 gr. Ordinary potato, sliced, boiled and
SHU, soon eeooad.ansdnbeDosos 1 gr. rendered alkaline.

XIII.— The Rutherfurd Photographic Measures of Sixty-two

Stars about » Cassiopeie,
BY HERMAN §. DAVIS.
Read April 1, 1895.

As was stated in the paper on the Parallax of 7 Cassiopeix*
the conditions of.exposure and the methods of measurement of
the twenty-seven negatives of stars about 7 Cassiopeie made by
RUTHERFURD between 30 July, 1870, and 21 December, 1873, are
exactly the same as in the case of w and 4 Cassiopeiey, and, it
might also be added, the same as of the Pleiades plates.{ In the
present paper I have, therefore, in the main, followed the methods
of reduction so fully set forth in the Pleiades publication.

In Table I. are given the general data of exposure of the plates,
while in Table II. are the means of the refractions computed for
the Eastern and Western impressions§ with the data of Table I.
by the formulee||

o—

"= x [tan?¢cos?(p—q) + 1]

8
z— p = —4xcosec 1’ tan?’ sin 2 (p—q)

The argument for entering this table is p, which has been
printed in double columns to save the repetition of the numerical
values of the above equations in the succeeding columns since
they are the same whether the argument be p or (p+ 180°); in
all other respects the form of publication is similar to that used

*The Parallax of 7 Cassiopeiz, deduced from Rutherfurd Photographic
Measures, by H. S. Davis. Annals N. Y. Acad. of Sci., Vol. VIII., Feb., 1895.

{The Parallaxes of ~ and 4 Cassiopeiz, deduced from Rutherfurd Photo-
graphic Measures, by H. Jacoby. Annals N. Y. Acad. of Sci., Vol. VIII.,
March 1893.

fThe Rutherfurd Photographic Measures of the Group of the Pleiades, by H.
Jacoby. Annals N. Y. Acad. of Sci., Vol. VI., Feb. 1892.

albid., p. 240.

\|Tbid., pp. 253-259.

ANNALS N. Y. AcAD. Scr., VIII., June, 1895.—27.

382 Rutherfurd Photographic Measures.

in the previous Rutherfurd Measures. It is proper to add in this
connection that these tables were computed by Professor Jacoby,
who had to this extent begun the reduction of these star-positions
previous to his departure to Europe. After the completion of
the Parallax of 7 Cassiopeiw these tables, together with the
original measures, were placed in my hands by Professor J. K.
Rees that I might finish the discussion thus begun.

The corrections for precession, nutation and aberration have
been computed by the formule of page 267, Jacosy’s Pleiades,
which by the substitution of the codrdinates of 7 Cassiopeie be-
come in this case

Mpro = +134+[0.822,]4+[0.258,]B+[0.183,]C+[9.444,]D.
dp, = + 7+[0.822,]4+[0.258, ]B+[0.183,]C+[9.444,]D.
Apro = 0+[0.822,]4+[0.258,]B+[0.183,]C+[9.444,]D.
Ap,3 = — 7+[0.822,]4+[0.258,]B+[0.183,]C+[9.444,]D.

where Jp,, denotes the correction to be applied to the position
angle for the plates made in 1870, and so on in the other years
as denoted by the subscripts. The factor for the correction of the
distance is

= = [4:350|C + [ig.473.1): ~ for alléyears:

The numerical values of these quantities are given in columns
two and three respectively of Table III.; they are additive to the
observed quantities, and will reduce them to 1872.0, for which
time the codrdinates of 7 Cassiopeiz are

2 Ovnd 22 108

6 = 57° 8/ 10./’50
based on AUWERS’ position and proper motion in the /undamen-
tal Catalog.

In the second portion of Table III. is given the mean of the
East and West zero-corrections computed for each by the
formula*

iy ,? ay
v= fk ztand—y4+a2
in which v is the zero-correction to be added to all observed posi-
tion angles of each plate.

*Annals N. Y. Acad. of Sci., Vol. VI., p. 272.

Sixty-two Stars about y Cassiopeie. 383

In the next column are the special corrections* required by the
position angles of the Western impressions in consequence of
using the same zero point in measuring both Eastern and Western
impressions.f The sum of these two columns is then given in the
last column, which, therefore, contains the final correction as
actually applied in the reductions.

In Table IV. is given the tangent correction} which is always
negative and whose unit is .ooor divisions of the micrometer,
This table is a repetition of Table IV A. of Stars about 3 Cygni,
but arranged in a form more suitable for use in connection with
Table V,as will be evident later. It has been computed by the
formula :

Correction = — 7 s* d? sin? 1 = [1.7887,] s°

where s denotes the distance in divisions of the glass scale and
d is the value of one division of the scale in seconds of arc.
Table V. The first column contains the numbers of the stars in
order of right ascension and also in parentheses, for convenience
of reference to the original measures and plates, are the numbers
as assigned by RurHEeRrurD. The number of the plate is given in
column two after which follows the observed distances for the
Eastern impression. The numbers set down are the fractional
part of the measured distance expressed in divisions of the glass
scale, the whole number of divisions being ordinarily the same as
that given in the column corrected mean. In the case of one star
only (No. 58) the corrections have been sufficient to change the
whole number of divisions in passing from the observed distance
to the corrected mean. In columns four, five and six I have
placed the corrections as applied for refraction,§ aberration|| and
scale{ respectively; these, with addition of the tangent correction
only—which may be obtained directly from Table IV., being
practically constant for each star—present all the corrections
which have been applied to the observed mean distance of the
East and West impressions to get the corrected mean of column
seven. It is therefore possible from this data to reproduce the

*Ibid., p. 278. Z Ibid., p. 253, et seq.
Tlibid., p. 240. || Ibid., p. 267.
tIbid., p. 276. { Ibid., pp. 242-251.

384 Rutherfurd Photographic Measures.

observed distance West without the need of publishing it. Take,
for example, Star 23, Plate 15.

Corrected fim Canals .:5icfajsreievovalerasatetelevorsiecsisisvole’ «ialiesarcioraleraiMers ..- 60.4950
Refraction with sign changed, column 4,..............++6- —.0249
Aberration with sign changed, column 5, .........--..+--- +.0039
Scale with’ sion’ changed /colummi6; ise: 22 ellie sete ele —.0098

Tangent Correction with sign changed, Table IV,.......... +-.0013

F (GRASL at AVES bh peerensicpece aicieiaueckstetenel amberayeraies .- 60.4655
BASG = WIESE, ietetetereris sts shoreticrele comtenaterelametenecte 120.9310
Bash column Aertel ois! (eters ciere eee tvenone . 60.4660

Diff. = West, observed distance,.-...--.---- . 60.4650

In like manner column eight gives the East observed position
angle and the last column the corrected mean from which we may
similarly reproduce the West observed position angle. Using for
illustration the same star and plate:

Corrected mean position angle ..............-....- 295°) 434, 38@
Refraction with sign changed, Table II............. + 6
Zero Correction with sign changed, Table III........ —18 17
Correction of 270° with sign changed*.............. —270 0 Oo
F (Bast: Sw Wes bility nels fotercjtusdeuscevenetarmaecuane 25° C2 R nora
IASG WIES bers crtersetevecuase ake tueret ers 50 50 54
IDRIS Oldie Sosdoacasncce Sole 2 2A ee,
Diff. = West, observed position angle........ PAsy ePAay

In this way one may return to any of the observed distances or
position angles of the Western impressions.

Table VI. contains the final mean of the position angles and the
means of the distances as given in Table V., but reduced to sec-
onds of are by the scale value 28.0124, which is the mean of the
scale values deduced from all the Pleiades plates.+ They are fol-
lowed in columns six and seven by the differences of right ascen-
sion and declination derived by aid of the formulze,t

* This correction is simply to make the position angles agree with the usual
method of counting from the North Point towards the East. Ann. N. Y.
Acad. Sci., Vol. VI., p. 272.

fp Amn: IN. Y- Acad set. Vols Vic, ps doo:

t Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. VI., p. 317, from which I have departed in
notation, somewhat, for the convenience of computing.

|

Sixty-two Stars about 4 Cassiopeiz. 385

Logarithms for these plates

E only.

i —=¢ sil 7

mM =a COS z=

P= see 0 = [0.265487 |
@ = [4.685575 | tan dsec 0 == Ge tos
R = [8.89403, | tan? dsec 0d == [lo:52G0%) =]
S = [8.89403 ]sec 0 (1 + 3 tan? d) == (eio7o7.)\ |
T = [4.384545,] tan 0 = [4-5743. ]
U = [8.59300, | (1 + 3 tan? 0) — [6 5002. |
V = [3-57960, ] sec 6d tand (1 +3 tan? d) = [ 4.94800, |
W — [3.57960 | sec 6 tan 0(2 + 3 tan? 0d) = [4.99804 |
a’ —a =Pn+ Qnm + Rn? + Snm?2 + Vn3m + Wnm?
0 —o = m + In? + Un?m

where o and z are the final corrected mean distance and position
angle respectively of the star whose a’ and 0’ are desired. It was
found also that the terms in V and. W were not needed since they
are so nearly equal and have contrary signs.

But since these values of ¢’—a and 0’—0o do not take into ac-
count the proper motion of the reference star which in this case
is considerable, but are only the mean of many measures taken
on widely differing dates regarding 7 Cassiopeiz as fixed in the
position given on page 382, I have given in column 3, Table VI.,
the mean epoch at which these values of a/—« and 0/—d truly
represent the mean coordinates of the different stars referred to
7 Cassiopeiz 1872.0 as the origin, that thus they may be cor-
rected for the interval between this mean epoch and 1872.0 by
any assumed or computed proper motion of 7 in the same manner
as when dealing with other star catalogues.

In the last column is given the Bonn Durchmusterung number,
and in column two the magnitudes from the same for so many
of the stars as I have been able to identify.

Using the differences of right ascension and declination of
Table VI., and the given position of 7 Cassiopeix, we get the
right ascensions and declinations of Table VII., good for 1872.0,
Save with regard to proper motion as mentioned above.

In column two is given the number of plates on which
the star is found, but it may be well to state that the given posi-

386 Rutherfurd Photographic Measures.

tion is the result of at least twenty measures of distance and
twelve of position angle for each plate recorded in this column
two. With regard to the probable errors of these resulting posi-
tions the same remarks apply to these plates as to those of 3
Cygni.*

The precessions and secular variations depend on the constants
of STRUVE, and were computed with the aid of Fontz’s tablest
with the necessary differential corrections applied to make them
good for 1872.

With regard to ScHEINER’s remarks} on the correction for the
refraction formule suitable for visual observations to make them
applicable to photographic work, I would say that I have not ap-
plied such corrections in the present paper, for the reason that the
RUTHERFURD plates, being made more than twenty years ago and
previous to the use of ‘dry plates,’ would probably not furnish
the same coefficient of refraction for the violet rays as would the
plates that have been used in ScHEINER’s investigation. In fact,
this surmise is in part confirmed by a difference of over two per
cent. in the coeflicient as determined from RAmBaurt’s plates and
by Scuerner.{ In the present paper, however, an inspection of
Table V.,column four, will show a more practical justification for
ignoring a correction which would, with our present knowledge of
the plates used by RuTHERFURD, be of uncertain value, namely, in the
fact that even in the case of the star giving the largest mean re-
fraction for all the plates, a correction of J; of that mean refrac-
tion would in the most extreme case make a change of less than
Soo4 in g, and less than .’’or in 0, owing principally to the fact
that the plates were exposed at small zenith distances as seen in
Table I.

*Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. VI., p. 334, ef. seq.

+Douze Tables pour le Calcul des Réductions Stellaires, Mém. Soc. Roy. des
Sci. de Liege, t. x. 1883 supplément.

tAst. Nachr. Bd. 136, N. 3255, p. 248.

9
v0

Sirty-two Stars about » Cassiopeie.

19Lh'9
6LSh°9

zgSh'9
Stor'9
Legv'9
6Eeh'g
Litv'9

o1fh'9
zLlzv'9
g9zb'9
zLLV-9
€ZLy'9

zfLV'9
Soth'9
L6zv'9
6Szbh'o9
9Szr'9

609b'9
viLt'9
GI1ZV'9
ofLb'g
ogzr'g

zLlzv'9
Sott'9
got hg
zver'9
6LEP'9

Y SOT

Lg°1¢1
1g‘0o1-

be cr1-4
66°¢z1-4
VI'‘tvI

cL:¢L —
ZQ'OL —

190014
L9:0g —
g6'CL —
Gg'f6 —
pi'Zg —

Zg"1o1-}
€6°Ez1
gS 1 t-
oz'98 +}
9S 6g —

be :6L —
by Lzi—
76 '6v1—
zo*ZoI—

¢6°L46 —

dD

‘YAO KX MON ‘panjawoyynyL “J TT JO A10;vAsesqQ—ViVG TWAInapj—'] @TAVvL

QI1zZ
V9'ze

C992
Ticuwe
oz'‘6r
zboS
1Z‘oV

obs
6L°V
Chay
Ve “9z
09 ‘tz

to9‘ze
efor
bz'oS
VL9¢
060

Or'ze
Conus
12°61
coi
of 6°

ve or

Qt tz

TI‘QI

CS 6z

o2 Ve
°o

Ow

“M 795°9S

Pei of figen Weta
gL eV Iv zV
|
| cole cv Iv cv
i, | OY ob ov |
gl | ov ov | o”
gL ol 69 69
lerdal steeee 69 | 14
| AZ as 69 1Z
SES sey GZ LL
SLL gL cL LL
| S6°Z £z 1Z 2G
C6: Cz IZ £z
h (OU We be bz gz
6z2°L €Z 74 zl
62°L tel 1Z zl
| eye £9 QL 0g
ee, £9 gL og
SG: | of | SE> | “of
6: ve t¢ oo
| eZ ee ve £e
fone) Gz €z z
@te} |, 7 z vL
o'g eZ CLL:
Gris ened OL ee,
6:1 €Z oy |) 4 |
6°L Cle | yeObe SEL
GIG eLe |NeOkn Weged
| | a ee |
“-sno0q jason “WROTE TL

|
| |

“WV |
il

mS yy = “Sa0']

z6¢ ‘of
zSo'of

zSo'of
oS of
oS€ ‘of
QIZ‘oe
gzo'or

gzo'of
gto'of
gto'ot
OOT ‘o£
oor‘o£

ozo'of
gtoof
gbo'ot
ggo'of
ggo'of

9le°6z
gob of
ggh'of
996'6z
988"6z

988 6z
0989 "6z
0g9"6z
Pgr‘of

QI‘ot

“HOT R ET

AZ Pa || a SORxal
gb ge € | gr od
@. VS @ | gI “99d
as. ra. £2 cr eq
CP tye 9) Sol Oogr
As athe {ow iz Ane
| tas (oS (ou oz Ane
gt €z 61 oz Ane?
QI Ic 02 Cr Arne
eG 3S 61 Cr Aqne
9S 67 z Or “uve
Cee Gian or ‘uve
gb gt ¢£ 6 ‘wer
ere, (6) {ole 61 Apne
AS As (on 61 Apne
era ASI Ke of sung
Qo CV OZ of oun
iste te. 18 ¢ 6«“Uee
Oy Be © o uve
ie z “uve
cy WwW YV S1 ‘90
hs WAS) (ore Zr Ate
(Og 4 (Ore Zr Ayne
| GS 4 Be by ony
COM eS aie b ‘ony
I Xole, 7h face of Aqne
Gil nC. he of Apne
| “OULLT, [BALAPTS “ORT

| |

"S),gv LV ob = 9eT

CLEr
LOI

CLOr
CLE
{Lor
LEI
€LQ1

LEI
Ler
LEI
CLor
CLo1

€LQr
ZLQI
ZLQr
ZLQI
zLQr

ZLQI
zLor
zZQI
TZQI
1Zo1

TZQI
oLgI
oLgI
OLgI
oLeI

aor OMD AO

me N

“ON

388

Position Angle, |

p

Rutherfurd Photographic Measures.

TABLE JJ.—CoRRECTIONS FOR REFRACTION.

Position Angle,
Pp

TADS el:

397

4

>
>)

G2 Go GW
on + ©.

LoOHORDRUUKHORO
Now
DW O2 Oo Go Ge Ga Go Go Go ©

3
4
5
6
7

PLATE 4.

[el aa pe a

ANT DBOAIN OW GA DOANY O.
MHOO MHOHOH DOW WO OOH O

si

a

Sixty-two Stars about n Cassiopeiex. 389

TasBLeE II.—Correcrions ror Rerraction. ( Continued.)

Position Angle. ; Position Angle
p

.426
“442
.448

PLATE 8.

334
332
329
326
.320
Bui
«305
302
-297

Less le!

O HN OG WG WD OD

t+
Ne

DoObUwh OWMER MOC

=|

OH NWWWW

Onn

390 Rutherfurd Photographic Measures.

TasBie I].—Corrections FoR ReFrRActTION. ( Continued.)

Se o
Position Angle, | 7

we Ries C=s
Se pete ap Position Angle, | “— Sy
Pp s s

—p =

PLATE 9. PLATE 10.

+349 : + -402
348 | | +399
-343 | : +390
| | 375
329 . 3 355
.320 5 5 335
.310 ; rat,
302 | | +303
.299 : .292

.289

.292

303

Bly

-335

-355

-375

-390

-399

ie)

>)

eal
UOT

.402

G2 Ge Oo

COnI DUI NH

GW Go Ge G2 GW Ge GO

\O

Sixty-two Stars about y Cassiopeie. 391

TaBLeE IJ].—CorreEctions FoR REFRACTION. ( Continued.)

Position Angle,! 9S \ 493 | x _ Position Angle, | °—% : oa
Positi Zs gle, | as 103 7 p iti ge e Vow x 103 | Pp
| |
PLATE 13. PLATE 14.

106° 286° +.656 0.0 99° 279° +.548 0.0
cro 206) | .645 —I3.7 I0og 269 537. — 9.7
126 ©6306 611 —25.8 IIg 299 513 —18.3
136 316 .560 34-7 129 309 -477 —24.7
146 326 -495 —39-5 139 319 -432 —28.1
156 336 -430 3055 749 329 .383 —28.1
166 346 .366 O47 159-339 -340 —24.7
176 =. 356 315 —25.8 169 349 302 —18.3
186 6 .280 —13.7 179 359 278 —= 9:7
196 is) | .269 0.0 189 9 .270 0.0
206 26 | .280 +13.7 199 19 .278 + 9.7
216 36 315 25.8 209 29 302 +18.3
226 46 | .366 +34.7 219 39 -340 24.7
236 56 .430 +39.5 229 49 383 +28.1
246 66 | -495 +39-5 23959 -432 +28. 1
250). 76° .| -560 +34-7 249 ~=«69 -477 =f 2Aey
266 86 | 611 +25.8 259 79 5 +18.3
276 = 96 «|| 645 1357 269 +989 -537 + e7
.656 0.0 0.0

PLATE 15;

Qe alent +.419 0.0 126233007 —+.351 0.0
lee 20 415 — 4.3 13 316 .350 — 1.8
TE OK .404 — 81 146 326 345 — 3.5
a sir T .389 —I10.9 15 OMS sOuml -339 = 47)
I4I 321 . 368 —-12.4 166 346 330 = §2
ERE 331 2347! oe l24 176 356 321 = 5S
HOE .3AT Ba2ri —I10.9 186 (se | Bue — 4.7
ts “351 ge = (spit 196 16 306 — 3.5
181 I .300 — 4.3 206 26 302 — 1.8
IQI Ii .297 0.0 216 36 300 0.0
201 21 .300 + 4.3 226 46 302 + 1.8
2 31 a2 4 = 236 56 3065 ee =eese5
221 41 B27 -+10.9 246 66 -312 + 4.7
231 51 347 +-12.4 256 76 ag 21 + 5.3
241 61 .368 +12.4 266 SGunieay 62330 +- 5.3
251 71 .389 +-10.9 276 96 -339 + 4.7
261 81 .404 Sm bit 286 106 -345 + 3.5
271 gI 415 am Leg 296 +I16 350 + 1.8
28I IOI 0.0 0.0

oo
ite}
ho

tutherfurd Photographic Measures.

TABLE I].—CorreEcTIONS FOR REFRACTION. ( Continued.)

|
Position Angle, | ~—® , 3 i Position Angle, |
yp a, oe p

PLATE 17. PLATE 18.

|
|

+--372
371

+999
-552
-552

Or DU W NH
Oo GD GW Ge Ge Go Go Go WG

ONE AIYNDALRN YOKE DIN ARVO
\O
io)

ODO ANN HO DO HO ANN DO DO

(Sl)
hfe)
yw

Sixty-two Stars about » Cassiopeie.
TaBLeE I].—Corrections FoR REFRACTION. ( Continued.)

Position Angle, oa eas | aoe Position Angle,
p- s p-

PEATE ZI

ONMSISOnWO LOW Ds

2
1
NO

dod eb NaOwWoORROiNH

0
TOR AMMO OU HDL ONIN

iS
-£

7
Ree
—7?
9
9
42
Ee
"7
.O
v7
By
ee,
9
9
2
Bie
a
.O

ann Ns OW™
Mum QU

\O

°

ORR OWNO ODN OEE MUO O*

134
I44
154
164
174
184
194
204
214
224
234
244
254
264
274
284 104
294 +=I1I4
204 12h

G2 Gea Go G2
ort GN
NERS
HNwWwef

52 ©) Ga Oo Gd Ga Oa
On Oo HH COON

NNNNNNNN
[e)

Uys lieaieed bea a

fe} Oo Orn + Oo HO HO Or on Go i

COON

ee!

No
Oo O2 G2 2 N HO HN OO) G2 Oo Oo

iS)
fe) ty Oo HOO HWN ONW HUN Ro dd ok

NN
eatacies
feaieateiaicaieat

lanl

NNNNNN
to

BwWNH OW OY AUNLW NH
N
e)

Rutherfurd Photographic Measures.

TABLE II.--Corrections FoR Rerraction. ( Continued.)
|
Position Angle, | ae < 103 =—Dp Position Angle. | °—S v 10% 7—p
Pp s p s i
PLATE 25. PLATE 26.
‘i di
Eig Ose +.361 0.0 LOlo 2am +.405 0.0
122 O3 358 —2.6 Pi 261 .401 — AI
133, #313 353 —4.9 I2I 301 390 ee
TA 3 e323 -342 —6.6 13 311 375 —10.5
ney = eet) 330 —7.5 TAL) e320 .356 —I1.9
163 343 318 75 152 got 336 —I1.9
yj aie 304 —6.6 TOL es Au 316 —I10.5
183 3 .296 —A.9 L7T ESS 301 — 78
193 13 .289 —2.6 181 I .290 — 4.1
203 23 287 0.0 IQI aT 287 0.0
213 28 .289 +2.6 201 21 290 Se 4
223 43 .296 +4.9 211 31 301 Seas:
AGB 53 304 +6.6 221 4I ap 0) +10.5
243 63 318 +7.5 231 51 336 sete
25373 330 SEES 245 |) IGE 356 11.9
263 83 342 +6.6 251 qi 375 +-10.5
273, (493 353 +4.9 261 81 390 “ee
283) 3103 358 +2.6 271 gI 4OI + 4.1
293) 213 361 0.0 Zoi LOL 405 0.0
PLATE 27
dé
1G 2Oses 2S 344 0.0
142 322 343 —1.6
152") 9332 -338 —3.0
162 342 =aa2 —4.0
172 352 -326 45
182 2 5317 —4.5
192 12 Sian —4.0
202 22 305 —3.0
212 32 -300 —1.6
222 42 .299 0.0
232 52 300 Seuss
242 62 305 +3.0
252 72 Suer +4.0
262 $2 317. +-4.5
272 92 -326 +4.5
282 102 -332 +4.0
292) GL12 -338 +3.0
BO25 22 -343 +1.6
312 132 -344 0.0

Sixty-two Stars about 7 Cassiopeie. 395

TaBLE I[J.—CoRRECTIONS FOR PRECESSION, ETC., TO 1872 AND
ZERO CORRECTIONS.

Precession, etc.

- MR rede dons Special Cor-
Plate Zero Correction | =PE° al Cor

No. (position Angle| Distance | 72 (East + West.) Meat a a
Correction. | Factor x 108
I Sah) 0675 +20 46 = +20 10
2 —7. | +..0676 1@) 2} —40 uINS) | gia
R —9. +-.0673 20 4I —45 19 56
4 —9. + .0673 PAO) Hilt —36 200 5
5 ==, + .0657 22sO —3I 2I 59
6 —2. | -+-0657 27 28 —25 27
7 pte le O4SE 23 58 a8 B25
8 +4. | —.0605 2 —34 2629
9 +4. | —.0605 22 Ai —30 22 iit
ite) +6. | —.0620 22 48 —24 794, Ol
II +4. --,0592 a, As —34 2Oue2
12 +4. | +-.0592 ogy Asi —25 2226
13 -=5 | -+.0664 7) 106; —46 16 24
I4 —5 +-.0664 20 45 —A4I 20 4
15 +6 —.0640 Gy © —52 Hite) 09/
16 ae —.0643 19 14 —49 18 25
17 +7 —.0643 1) 6) —49 18 20
18 —5 +.0653 7g —28 TO} 37
19 —5 +-.0653 Way aly, 39 16 47
20 —8 | +-.0666 IRS} 27/ —4o yee if
21 —§ | -+.0666 18 52 —39 18 13
2 —8$ -+.0667 18 38 —44 17 54
23 =) ) —.0485 20 4I —3 20,
24 —9. —.0485 18 59 —37 S22
25 —68. —.0509 Lo) FLO —33 1S) 27,
26 —Ss —.0509 1G)» 2 —36 18 26
27 —6 —.0532 18 59 —25 1S) ysl

TABLE [V.—TANGENT CoRRECTION.
This correction is always negative and is here expressed in terms of the
fourth decimal place of the micrometer readings.

Distance. 0. 1. 2. 3. 4. Dd. 6. te 8. 9.
2 —o|—o|—o]|—o)} -o|; — 1; — rt] —1! —1| — 1
5 2 2 2 2 2 3 23 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 7 7
BY 8 8 8 9 9 fe) 10 II II 12
6 13 13 14 15 16 17 17 18 19 20
7 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 30 31
8 S2taoa a esau soem rae | 3 4O | wat)! 642) Saag
9 AS eta ecules S0uu e521 Ok SSi SS: eS SGI OE
Be 2h ier G4 S65 67) 6695) APE 6.73 pv 78|) 7711 199
i | 81 83 85 87 go 93 95 98 | I00] 103
12 LOOM e LOO’) avEPo | 2 WIA W TTF | 120 | 1231). BIG) 129;| 132

396 Rutherfurd Photographic Measures.

TABLE V.—RESULTS OF THE MEASURES.

| Dee: Corrections. : , Position Angle.
)is- Jorrectec
Noe Fs) ute |e oa aceemeyaeh CHa —o
East. Refrac.) Aberr. | Seale. E. Observed.) Mean, Corr’d.
? i ; “se / Sil ° / di
1 7 |-9397| 588 | —54 | 104 | 111.9964 |348 48 47 | 259 12 37
8 | .9675| 340 —68! 104 .9918 49 14 16 8
(67) 9 | .9666; 362 | —68 | 104 .9975 51 46 14 57
17 | .0050| 388 | —72 | Ior | 112.0235 56 30 15 48
Means 112.0023 | 259 14 52
Z a | .0919 590 | —69 | —34 | 143.1201 | 41 16 6 | 311 39 38
(48) |
3 7 \..7108,| 614 | —62 | 26 | 127.7527 |328 56 50)| 236 @ousge
17 | .7664| 412 | —82 28 -7921 |329 4 45 23 51
(23) | 23 | .8744| 374 | —62 26 .S841 6 58 27 24
25 | -8374| 399 | —65 |__ 26 .8756 By 27 125
Means 127.8261 239 24 52
t 2 | .8221| 395 | +74] 114 | 109.8648 |343 49 35 | 254 8 57
3 | .8388 | 312 | +74] 114 .8803 48 38 9 4
(4) | 4]|-831r| 340 | +74 | 118 .8731 44 7 4 34
5 | -O504a) 550) shale Ley -g218 45 48 | 8 46
6 | .8652| 475 | +72 | 127 .9250 4I 10 8 57
7. \ 8240) 5729) —ba ie 218 .8789 43 33 7 23
8 | .8686} 333 | —67 | 118 .8960 44 8 Lig20
| 9 | 8629] 352 | —67 | 118 .5882 46 45 9 38
| Io | .8524 | 416 | —68 | 128 .8951 47 48 IO 56
| Ir | 8808} 488 | +65 | 118 .9432 50 45 T2AK6
| 12 | .8970| 448 | +65 | 123 -9495 48 15 II 26
13 | -9008| 599 | +73 | 116 9647 54 8 II 52
eli) 89523) 9 543) ) 2735 enlo -9546 51 26 I2 41
| 15 | .8614| 431 | —7o| 112 -QIOl 520 Tian
16 | .8910| 349 | —7I I12 .9209 Sle 24 IO 14
17 | .8914| 374 | —7I I12 .9232 51 16 IO 22
18 | .9247| 563 | +72 118 .9938 54 18 Tass 2
| 19 | .9314| 520 | +72 | 118 -9943 55 58 13 Oi
21 | .9056) 559 | +73 | 114 -9734 55 56 15 31
22))) 9193 | O13 | 1-73 |. 144 -9859 54 42 14 4
23 | .9504 | 32 rei Ee .9S16 52 38 13 16
24. |.9456) 345 | —53 | 118 9513 52 50 II 46
| 25 | -9559 | 364 | —56| 118 .9819 53 58 13 40
26 | .9454|) 416 —56 118 .98I0 Gey a0. I2 IO
27 | 9460) 343 | —59 |_ 127 9794 | 54 15 13 26
| Means, 109.9381 254 II 9
| }
a 7 | -7991| 533 | —53 | 314 | 110.8347 | 23 4 15 | 293 27 42
8 | .7909| 359 | —67 | 118 .8256 | 4 20 Bins,
(52) | 9 |.7754| 386 | —67 | 118 SIIQ | 722 30 O
| 10 | .7926| 441 | —68 | 118 8482 | 8 16 30 55
| 16 | .8448, 387 | —7I 116 | .8720 | Io 28 29 48
l-17 | 8508} 4t2 | 71} 116 | .8760 IO 44 29 56
19 | .8766| 546 | +72] 118 -9412 | 14 58 31 40
23°) 9007 10353 | 547) PES +9313 IO 35 3t 20

24 | .8792| 379 | —54| 113 | -9175 | I2 12 29 55

Sixty-two Stars about 4 Cassiopeie. 397
TABLE V.—RESULTS OF THE MEASURES. ( Continued.)

Obs. Corrections. Position Angle.
Dis) | Ad THN _ Corrected eae

tance f Mean. P
East. |Refrac. Aberr. | Scale. E. Observed. Mean, Corr’d.

A007 | ——56" |) = 110.9356 23 II 44 | 293

eee : II 20

376 —59 : eee
Means

529 El) |e Los:
112
Means 105.

TLGW |) LOD!
122
113
118
118
106
333 106
350 106
306 170
327 116
347 116
398 116
323 120
Means
115
113
113 fo)
112 I
113 I
112 I
112 I
it . 5)
25, |-8670 | 347 | —53 | 112 .9065 44 17 3 46
27 | .8446| 325 | —55 |_ 114 .8823 44 58 4 6
Means 103.8441 | 256 I 45
9 7 | .6878:) 516 | —49 | I2T | IOr.7220 | 13 25 4 | 283 48 32
(55) 8 | .6954 | 327 | —62 | 120 7275 23 15 50 37
Means 101.7248 283 49 34
10 Tojaa7to:) 456. | -84 AS) | 125-4201 (321 (7 36 || 230 28 37
7 | .3553 568 | —60 48 .3876 4 25 28 27
f4))) 8 | .3794| 370 | —76 | 50 | .4021 4 47 31 55
91237921 377 | —76-| 50" | -4009 | 8 55 31 34
Io | .3697| 418 | —78 | 50 | -3959 8 38 31 51
mls 37751) ASS | 00) |) 425) 4143 13 49 33) 1
16 | .4216| 381 | —8r 42 | 4344 I2 16 3I 54
17 | 3995 | 394 | —8I 42 -4261 13 35 32 58
23 | .4602 | 365 | —6r 48 | .4826 14 15 34 47
25 | .4608 | 379 | —64/ 42 -4901 15 47 35 21

Annats N. Y. ACAD. Sct., VIII, June, 1895.—28

398

Rutherfurd Photographic Measures.

TABLE V.—RESULTS OF THE MEASURES.

Corrections.

Refrac.

Aberr.

Seale.

48
Means

112
115
II5
117
122
Means

16

132
134
134
128
130
134
134
Means

Means

136
134
Means

134
132
A)
gy
Means

122
122
118
118
a7,
118
118
116
120
116
118

Corrected
Mean.

125.4853

125.4309

116.1829
.1828
.1819g
-1797
.2505

116.1956

134.0055

90.7067
.7066
.6857
WZO3
-7351
.8018
.8278
-7417

E. Observed. Mean, Corr’d.

321 16 38.

324

32.2753 3

3163
3192
-3102
-3423
.4186
.3308

-9037
.O142
.9090

.3088
.2951
.3056
-3488
3146

.0966
-0959
.1204
.1126
-1175
SS 7
3 PPR
- 1491
-1599
.1637
.2196

( Continued.)

Position Angle.

41 14
40 50
44 2
44 28
51 56

io)
1H

f G% bo w
O62. 0NINI

——-
231 Sou
2ai someon

=
NIHR N™N CU

H
ice)

namnnn &
NNHN CO

n
ies)

Sixty-two Stars about 7 Cassiopeie. 399
TABLE V.—RESULTS OF THE MEASURES. ( Continued.)

Corrections. 5 Position Angle.
Corrected

f Mean. ,
Refrac. Aberr.| Seale. E. Observed. Mean, Corr’d.

260 54
52
51

120 .1852
118 .2169
124 | .2144
122 .2192
124 .1508
122 .2103
Means .1631

17 : 393
(cont. ) 4 219
234
247
285
231

leader leat

WD Go Oo
O NINT DAO

WW WWW WwW

Bhokbhny nu
HW =
to

358 AU eka .4838

212 42 121 -4993
Means 70.4916

i>)

LS)
SNe)

267 128 . 1077
248 128 .1077
204 122 IIIS
220 128 . 1025
305 124 .1518
281 122 .1518
339 124 .1126
208 121 .1159
215 121 ue
246 121 .1058
284 { 121 .1526
272 125 .1878
320 122 . 1850
306 ilgp || ate .1747
257 114 | .1319
216 120 | 2
227 122 .1391
308 / 121 .2008
297 121 .2046
325 {. 121 | . 1869
311 1 126 . 1861
325 122 . 1946
205 AN 25)" .1957
212 3 128 .1972
220 128 | . 1886
248 128 . 1865
213 128 .19OI

Means = 70.1566

i>)

DNOODNINN HDON NF OW OD
mnt

wOnant on
HEU WOW dN
M&W DAO Orn

=
is)

On

le)
HEWN
mn

=
fe)
[colle eie>)

On
OTIO AMUN OWL ODO ANF
~)
HOH
is)

eee

uae ALOOdO0
on th
(a) A}

WwW NO

DoH
OMnNAADNMAON

=)
S)

h

WOnMWWwWub vy
HDOLWNHLO HAWN

HHH
NN

=
ios)
G2 Go
ios)

eo)
OW HD HN&WUWO HOW)

OD 1 02 Gd G2 G2 G9 Go OG) GG NN Oo Go Gd Go

329 102 65.2231
196 102 2253
Means 65.2242

126 100.6260
126 .6404
126 .6769
126 .6787
126 .6764

CON BH
w os)
PmAnn Of

No)

(os)

400 Rutherfurd Photographic Measures.

TABLE V.—RESULTS OF THE MEASURES. ( Continued.)

Position Angle.
Corrected
Mean.
Refrac. . | Seale. E. Observed. Mean, Corr’d.

La

—63 100.6911
-+-60 2 .6983
.7118

7381

+7393

. 7066

.7126

-7003

-7580

-7497

-7507

-7428

7503

-7518

-7438

Means 100.7117

OOM
Bun

wt

(e)
2 On & Oo G2 Gs & U1 Gd Od OD

o
phat DO
ADONNI NUE

mm nun

nA Bo
Of

NHN NDN WY
SI OU & GW

108 66.7887
III -7955
105 7945
Means 66.7896

104 60.4152
97 -4107
104 .4162
106 -4634
104 .4581
102 -4439
102 .4526
102 -4533
-4559

.5068

25125

+5325

.5201

-49509

.5035

.5023

-5626

-5641

-5472

.5401

-5475

“5591

.5511

5577

75548

.5498

Means 60.5030

I
3
A
5
6
7
fo)

Sixty-two Stars about 4 Cassiopeie. 401

TABLE V.—RESULTS OF THE MEASURES. ( Continued.)

Corrections. Position Angle.
een? : Corrected Le
A Mean.
Refrac. Aberr. Scale. E. Observed. Mean, Corr’d.

| 224 43,
46

[ey eal ete eelieeie tection

NN G2 G2 Go O) 2 G2 2 Gd ND

OM STD NDAD HSI

nnn on on on i
0 WO NOG

SIHUWNO NL
oman nd

HO

+

Means

114
114
109g
114
117
Means

Ny Oo
HNN HO

o)
Wn
a |

iS)
(eo)

NO
TOO NO NHN OO

No
oe)

NO ee
AOwo

Noh
Se I eo |
io>)

[e}

iS}
MAWNHNO

No
Om!

On HH One G On

OOfRONHNNDN
os)
fe) 0
to G2 Go we
Nn OW

[e}
Dor DE H
Leal is)
M~Icu1m1 O mnt osnyant
HH Oo Oo
ioe

Le ee ee en |
N&O OG Un

G2 G2 G2 Go Go G Go G2 G2 G2 G2 Go Go ©) G2 G2 G2 Go G2 G2 Go G2 OG) Go G2 GD ND

pe IN FY TON ISS TSS TS)

On G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 Go Ga OG G2

ms

Wonk w nb

On Oe
On NMWMUNO)

ha
=
@
i=)
=
i=)
7)
KH OD

402 Rutherfurd Photographic Measures.

TABLE V.—RESULTS OF THE MEASURES. ( Continued.)

Corrections. Position Angle.
Corrected 2 ae
| Mean.
Aberr. Seale. E. Observed. Mean, Corr’d

100.6861 70 15.
.6819 | 16
Means 100.6840 |

II0 | 39.6272 | 37 57

129 88.3437 | 72 26
128 -3925 20
124 .3806 21
124 .3960 23
124 3913 25
124 -3853 24
124 -3949 22
122 .4162 25
129 .4248 24
129 .4227 25
130 .4290 27
Means 88.3979

Sis 29.8995 50

112 40.7834 |293

116 -7903

116 7743

116 .7694

116 .7816

116 .7841

116 | LT

116 -7583

116 -7650 |

116 |} -7492

116 -7742

116 7731

116 -7780

abi(6) | .7650

112 -7411

112

mi) ||

116

116

116 |

116

116

116

116

116

116

116 ;
Means; 40.7707

Sixty-two Stars about » Cassiopere. 403
TABLE V.—RESULTS OF THE MEASURES. ( Continued.)

Obs. Corrections. Position Angle.
Dis- 0 Sires ____| Corrected |___

tance ; Mean. Y
East. Refraec. Aberr. Scale. E. Observed.| Mean, Corr’d.

7 44

43
47
45

SINT ON
N NWO O

WO NW On
one ois)
NNT OH

NNN HN
Noon
Anus

115 :
Means 42.

O’ OVO MI OD
NONNN

SES SESS]
Wok wb

44 10.
4o ;
44
43
44
44

COM

DerOnsTIN OOO bt
NO HOD

HREM Hh Hh N WW
YVNAUWNNAADMOHO HUW NWN

HOW WwWHHLHLWwWONS HWW

nwmwWwo un
On & WW WO Ww
HWONONAISI NN

TEN
Ou
ws
}

oO
NO

n

Oo

NO
a
me ON

M+ Oe

Nw N NY NO
Dw HN
DR Go

a

7)
7
7
7
7
3
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
it
ae
5
5
6
6
6

OG) GW Or Ge Go

(oS)

Oo
Means

36 T2456) 368. = O3y|| TAES | 593.2054: 87,450 2 | 358 I 12
2 | .2324| 259 | +63 132 2742 42 46 I 57
(29) | 4 | .2404| 265 | +63 132 2842 377 | 357 57 45
7 | 3016 | 278 | —45 | 132 -3314 33 57 57 29
8 | .283 300 15) ||) aueXs) 3138 Buia WI Cre) at Wy
9 | .2880 295 | —56 | 137 3154 37 10 | 357 59 55
IO | .2808| 276 | —58 | 137 3127 BS 5) |. 350), ON55
II | .2680| 251 | +55 |] 136 3108 up Pil || Seisigh Gyss 33
I2 |.2726, 250 | +55 136 3118 BGs 58 25
13 | -2743 | 287 | +62 | 136 3147 42 38 58 53
AS 2570 201 5 | -62.,|| 136 .3159 29125, I 350) 0) 15
I5 | -3110| 284 | —60 | 136 -3329 39 48 357 59 4
16 | .2972| 298 | —60 | 137 -3255 38 44 58 2
I7 | .2994| 294 | —60| 137 -3295 38 24 57 50

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

404 Rutherfurd Photographic Measures.

TABLE V.—RESULTS OF THE MEASURES. ( Continued.)

Corrections. Position Angle.
Ane? ‘ Corrected

| Mean.
Refrac.| Aberr. | Scale. E. Observed. Mean, Corr’d

3 137 87 40 55
(cont. ) : | 136 : 39 | Sie
134 ; 42 £ 18
136 : 40 38 16
137 -3355 37 46
137 : Syl St
Tey 325 38 56
137 BOK 37 57
132 : 39 - 5 48
| Means 93. | 54

7 Cassiopeize

267

96

Means

112
17)
1
113
113
ia
114
113
113
Ta
Tats)
II4
114
114
113
113
113
117
117
115
T15
I15
115
117

Means 47.2597

On nnn on
CONW O.WOWMWO H OH (

ONnNOnn nN

Oe

Sixty-two Stars about 4 Cassiopeiz. 405
TABLE V.—REsULTS OF THE MEASURES. ( Continued.)

Corrections. Position Angle.
_ = __} Corrected ee

R Mean. ; :
Refrac. Aberr. Scale. E. Observed. Mean, Corr’d.

211 134 | 76.4554 | 92

35 55
135 4545 36 56
135 -457 35 56
135 .4649 30 51
136 -4792 32 54
135 .4681 25 5205
135 4815 27 51
135 4787 28 54
136 -4757 SELOo 54
136 .4860 3h 57 54
135 -4799 31 32 52
134 4654 28 25 bLie
.4998 35; 30 52 15
-4999 31 50 52 34
.4876 32 44 SE 55
-4943 32 30 45
-491I 2r 52 DE
.5119 33 58 59
-5191 32 50 38
135 -5124 3309 35
135 -4951 38) 3S 45
135 .5064 33 32 30
135 -4976 30 00 32
135 -4951 Biel 2 I |
135 4874 3 34 57 |
135 -4991 30 26 35 |
135 .4930 32 32 36 |
Means 76.4865 29
118 | 117.5976 20
119 +5927 5°
Means 117.5952 35
43 I | .6092| 180 | +44] 104 65.6412 264 5 16 | 174 26 33
3 | -6057| I90 | +44 | 104 6376 6 54 27 35
(11) 4 | 6130} 186 | +44 | 104 .6408 2920 PAT
5 | 6043} 194 | +43 | I04 6305 7 28 29 32
6 | .6016| 179 | +43) 104 .6326 I 35 29 II
7 | -5218| 195 | —32 | 104 -5597 03 24 55
8 | -5589 | 213 | —40 | 105 -5925 3 37 30 34
9 | -5580| 210 | —40 | 105 5847 5 54 25 53
II | -5440| 177 | +39] 104 SGy Ani ERO Sa Re
12 | -5334| 176 | +39 106 .5688 IO 12 aan
13 | .5603 | 213 | +44 105 -5938 16 4o 22 58
14 | -5433| 190 | +44 106 5635 13 46 33 24
I5 .5220 202 —42 105 -5517 II 34 30 46
16 | .5204 212 | —42 105 -5497 12 14 Bie
18 | .5168| 197 | +43 105 .5484 17 Io CASTE
19 | .5284| 184 | +43 105 .5562 18 36 35 26
22 | .5330| 216 | +44 | 103 “5557 17 23 35 54

406 Rutherfurd Photographic Measures.

TABLE V.—RESULTS OF THE MEASURES. ( Continued.)

Obs. Corrections. Position Angle.
= Dis- OE Tea a a Corrected ire WA: _o 5 Se
No. Pl. | tance Mean.

East. Refrac.| Aberr.| Scale. E. Observed. Mean, Corr’d.

43 | 23 | .5340| 207 104 | 65.5599 264.16 4. 174 36 4

(cont.)| 24 | .5347 | 206 | —32 | 104 -5594 15 25 34 21
25 | 5284 198 | —33 | 104 -5492 LT fe ves) 35 59
26 | .5242| 195 | —33 | 104 5435 15 50 34 48
27 | .5228| 212 | —35 | 104 -5445 16 18 35 40
Means 65.5786 7A ee
44 I | .9402| 268 | +66] 137 97-9799 |264 55 34 | 175 16 23
2 -O474 27 ai OON |) kgs «9909 57 54 17 24
(9) =| 4°) -9433 | 277 .|°=-66| “x36 .9821 51 58 I2 59
7 \p8776| 292° —A7_| 138 -9071 51 50 15 42
8 | .8822 | 317 | —59 | 139 -QI4I 53 0 19 53
g .8862) 312 —59) 139 .9134 56 20 18 56
1o | .8748| 297 | —61 | 139 .gO1O 56 10 LO
II | .8674| 264 | +58 | 139 .9000 265 Oo 26 21 26
12 | .8668| 262 | +58 | 140 .9070 264 58 52 Dt 7)

| 14 | .8757| 282 | +65 | 140 .9215 265 0 42 21
| 15 | .8552 | 300 | —63 | 139 .8852 Tey 20 18
| 16 | .8522| 315 | —63 | 139 .8829 O 14 19 32
18 | .8559; 293 | +64 | 139 .8992 62 22 33
19 | .8486| 273 | +64 | 139 .8930 Ged 23 10
20 | .8400| 331 | +65 | 139 .8806 5 46 23 56
21 | .8808 | 288 | +65 136 .9193 7 20 25 47
22 NEST 316 | +65 | 136 -9133 5 16 23 25
23 | -8574| 308 | —47 | 139 .8918 3 23 23 38
24 | .8664| 306 | —47 | 137 .8900 ao 2258
25.8569) 296 —50 _ 137 .8821 AL Be: 23 44
26 | .8557 | 290 | —50 | 137 .8849 3 47 22 37
27.8500} 316 —52 | 136 .8870 i 6) 24 3
Means 97.9103 175 20 53
45 6|.1429| 37 | + 6 34 911477 |208:\13 > 4 | (Lis eran
Ss ga 30. ie On| ae .1394 207 56 30 23 4
G16)" gi) <tho4 32 | — 6 34 1525 57 26 20 56
13 | .0788| 58 | + 6 33 .0945 208 10 36 28 55
15 | .0882 37 | — 6 41 .0962 207 58 2 17 20
16.0817 32 | — 6 33 .0863 208 1 58 22 19
17 | 20743 34 — 6 34 .0860 I 20 ity) eK8)
20 | .0283 62 | + 6 27, .0361 20 50 39 58
22 | .0427 59 | + 6 34 .0342 20 15 36 24
24 | .0478 31 | —4 yi) .0480 23 42 42 I
25 | .0220 32 — 5 37 .0287 ie ie) 38 52
27 | .0550 31 |— 5 34 .0568 16 24 35 2
Means 9.0839 118 30 18
46 I | .3827!/ 161 | +40] I00 59.4006 257 35 44 | 167 57 2
7 | -2952| 179 | —29| 99 -3209 332 _ 56 26
(39) 8 | .3118 | I94 | —36 | 100 -3244 EVI yor | dots) ae ils:
9 | .3124| 193 | —36| I02 3350 36 30 | 167 58 51
I5 | .2822|} 188 | —38/ I00 -3033 42 30 | 168 1539

ia ee aaa tia

Sixty-two Stars about 7 Cassiopeie. 407

TaBLE V.—RESULTS OF THE MEASURES. ( Continued.)

Obs. Corrections. Position Angle.
Dis- : te _| Corrected =
tance Mean. ;
East. | Refrac.) Aberr. | Scale. E. Observed., Mean, Corr’d.

fe) /

.2818 100 59.3082 |257 43
.2806 ; 100 .3040
.2660 ; 100 .2926
+2737 100 2974
.2750 100 2931
.2612 99 .2872
Means 59.3152

.6288 116 33-6491
.6268 116 .6514
.6261 114 .6460
.5545 Tsle7 .6106
-5927 II4 .6223
.5300 116 .5678
£5558 116 .5768
-5590 116 -5774
.5480 114 .5671
-5332 116 -5453
-5132 116 .5449
.5194 120 .5491
.5 109 120 .5388
.5286 120 .5462
.5182 120 -5404
4778 116 .5031
.4936 116 .5112
.5196 116 -5437
.5118 121 .5229
.4896 116 .5136
.5016 116 .5240
.4956 116 5045
.4980 116 .5184
.4860 114 .5060

Means 65575

.8952 130 .9302
.g108 127 .9402
-9053 127 * 9277
.8963 127
.8800 130
.8652 130
.8562 7 130
Means 80.

.2514 LOM) e208
-3074 117
.3116 117
.3119 117
-3144 117
.2760 e 116
-3237 118

DH Gr Oo Ge Gs Go Go
Cn Aun Of

408 Rutherfurd Photographic Measures.

TABLE V.—RESULTS OF THE MEAsuRES. (Continued.)

Obs. Corrections. Position Angle.
Dis- ot a a ee eS Corrected) |.cses
tance Mean.
East.’ |Refrac. Aberr. | Scale. E. Observed. Mean, Corr’d.

.3088 a 122.2420 0 NOS 27
3103 3407 26 |
-3096 -3475 14

2898 .3410 46
«3007 : 2 51
.2821 } 52) 5 | 43
| .2982 7 8 55
.3028 58 / 59
.2996 F } 21

Means 122. 3

-7462 5 1a8 | 130
.6584 126
.6633 130
.6752 130
-6474 129
.6226 129
.6194 1238
.6235 128
.6235 127
.6134 127
Means

W WD DW Oo
DAaOnNW

. 1809 8 | 124

-5828 ! =69) |) 127
.5836 - 128
-5793 | 28 128
5711 ) 127
.5194 126
SLO), 2 126
~5312 Te
.5176 127
4934 : 128
.4992 128
.4879 68 128
.4806 128
.4778 128
.5040 128
.4694 17)
.4724 128
.4513 128
.4980 3 128
.4962 Sm 128
.4802 128
.4652 J 128
.4708 128
.4750 128
.4694 127
Means I01.5424

on
HONOONFSP NF NHDOO

Sixty-two Stars about 4 Cassiopeie. 409

TaBLE V.—RESULTS OF THE MEASURES. ( Continued.)

Obs. Corrections. Position Angle.
Wiss = | : Sis | Corrected 2 ARTA 5 rel

Pl. tance Mean.
East. Refrac. Aberr. Scale. E. Observed. Mean, Corr’d.

/ dé

63.5544 |241 A) IS TAATS
4738 8 44 5
4794 49
.4806 5 48
.4708 5 48
-4519 52
4494 3 49 5
.4286 49
4147 54
.4266 53
4217 52
-4232 54
.4215 54

Means 63.4536 50

©.
le)

2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2

.2483 22
.2416 25
.2280 2 23
.2340 2255
-2540 22
2355
.2157
225i
-2209
.2398
2201
Means! 92.2333

on
Mo

NW HN NWO >

pay
Nv

114 | 121.4839
108 .4798
11g 5030
119 .4960
119 -4978
11g -4955
114 4742
118 -4781
118 -4949
116 | .4966
114 | 5059
114 | 5032
119 .5091
T1Q | .5095
II4 | aU
112 .4928
114 | 5027
114 | 4885
114 -4899
II4 .4887
113 .4901
Means 121.4948

(2)

OP WW Oo
AIO £& OV
(oo @ o> i

1
PNG NTE H
HOO On dO One

Conn

mm Oo
MO DHOWWNHLUNI

O 2 2 Go Go Go G2 2 G2 G2 G2 Ga Go
DWWON ANI DO + WH
WO NWHN

Ov
=
MAwBphwWNRUN HDUWWwUw ON NH
1

410 Rutherfurd Photographic Measures
TABLE V.—RESULTS OF THE MEASURES. ( Continued.)

Position Angle.

Corrected
Mean.
Aberr. Seale. E, Observed. Mean, Corr’d.

16. 15 36.
53
46
oO
35
7
20

48
44

122.8121 104. 5
.8186 105
.8092
-7870
-7773
.8116
-7992
-7963
.7898
-7904
-7910

Means 122.7984 | 39

DEAR NMHwW Rw D_

129 72-4157
129 .3250
129 -3436
129 .3446
132 2943
Tze -2955
129 .2740
129 .2008
128 .2636
Means -3134

NON HH eH
S10U1 G2 DUO ONT H

118 8.1916
114 AD 7,
116 . 1305
1G17/ -0802
Ir4 -0579
120 -O815
.07 32

.0675

.0489

.0254

.0450

.0270

.0371

Means 48.0776

134 83.5670
136 -5594
139 +5507
136 -5191
Means 83.5491

12 64.8060
107 -7601
112 -7481
112 -75601
II2 .6885

Sixty-two Stars about 4 Cassiopeie. 411

TABLE V.—RESULTS OF THE MEASURES. (Continued.)

Corrections. Position Angle.
eee ae Corrected
Mean.
Refrac. Aberr. Scale. E. Observed. Mean, Corr’d.

249 | +38 | 112 64.6868 II3
419 | +-43| 112 -6774
34E | 143: | I13 -6935
267 | —41 | 118 .6929
226 114 .OSTI
241 / 114 .6782
376 II2 -6435
446 112 .6506
427 114 .6636
205 112 .6613
221 112 .6620
233 112 .6483
219 107 .6553
Means 64.6919

OH» G2 G2 Go G2 Go GO Go Go
WamMm®nwntfpfpp
1

233 130 71.6909 201
249 130 -6979
319 130 .6290
278 130 .6305
381 148 | 138 .6417
297 144 .6262
249 140 .6230
266 142 .6106
418 130 .6114
404 | +48 | 140 6458
474 | +48 | 138 -5967
226 136 .60cC0
244 136 -5924
258 136 .5769
287 136 -5913
241 | aes -5976
Means = 71.6226

AUN O

OG Ge
Neh

O&O
nS

11g | 108.3824
116 -3743
123 +3779
II9 -3795
116 -3493
IS | -3467
123 .3168
123 3045
19 fe) 3061
.2986
.2585
+2545
-2797
.2738
.2500
-2544
2504

412 Rutherfurd Photographic Measures.

TABLE V.—REsULTS OF THE MEASURES. (Concluded.)

Corrections. Position Angle.
Corrected
Mean.
Refrac. Aberr. Scale. E. Observed. Mean. Corr’d.

534 11g 108.2364 |225 55 46 35
448 | + 11g 2175 6 35 24
651 125 .2272 50 I
559 116 W253 10 26
618 120 .2279 50 54
352 118 .2315 30 I
369 II9Q .2252 4o 19
376 11S | .2192 555 26
396 116 | 2215 12 2
Bye T16 .2106 22 47

Means 108.2784 6

23
24
25
26
27

311 144 83.6674 24 31
264 I40 6181 34
300 140 .6142
282 136 .6306 14 40
Means 83.6326

Sixty-two Stars about 7 Cassiopeie. 413

TABLE VI.—MEAN RESULTS.

No. Mag. eae Distance. meee a/—a /—d poun
I 2.249 | 3137-45 | 259 14 52 | —5654.45 | — 620.81

2 | 7-9 | 1.957 | 4009.14 | 311 39 38 | —5631.66 | .+2630.50 | 57°130
3 9.2 | 3.226 |.3580.72 | 239 24 52 | —5603.15 | —1857.06 56111
4 RON e2cOATa | stO7GlOsN 254 Opp 5425-A a tO 75 56°112
5 Buin 7 eS lOO. 22520220) 200) ——5 207072) | | l200akG

6 1.982 | 2951.29 | 285 55 41 | —5261.16 | + 779.49

7 | 9-4 | 2.883 | 2870.27) 260 34 51 | —5199.01 | — 499.71 56113
Seal 9:4 125896 | 2908.92) |) 2560 9 1 45 | 5174.05 | — 732.02 560°114
9 1:982 | 2849.56 283 49 34 | —5124.60 | + 652.08

IO | 9.4 | 2.685 | 3513.62 | 231 32 24 | —4987.89 | —2213.24 56°117
UL 2.39% | 3254.92) 235 7 52 | —4853.07 | —-1887.17

12 | 9.5 | 1.957 | 3753-82 | 317 18 2 | —4799.17 | --2733.87 | 57°134
13 2.849 | 2541.89 | 268 51 53 | —4681.03 | — 74.58

14 9.1 | 2.494 | 3706.90 | 222 43 45 —4542.16 | —2746.17 56119
15 1.982 | 2602.60 | 291 56 29 | —448I.00 | + 950.43

16 2.249 | 2613.97 | 302 2 36 | —4125.84 | +1368.23

i> 9.3 | 2.915 | 2049.47 | 260 51 12 | —3719.44 | — 341.12 56121
18 I.98I | 1974.64 | 249 18 2 | —3386.11 | — 710.70

TQ | 8.0) 2.599 | 1965.25 | 240 30 17 | —3129.38 | — 978.50 | 56°123
20 I.98I | 1827.09 | 247 51 50 | —3102.66 | — 699 I5

21 | 9.0 | 2.763 | 2821.18 | 325 19 9 | —3010.58 | +2310.09 iat)
22 1.990 | 1870.94 | 300 26 44 | —2993.58 | + 938.20

23 | 8.5 | 2.676 | 1694.83 | 295 43 23 | —2829 30 | + 726.78 57°138
Zine 3.069 | 1554.90 | 224 49 14 | —2003.20 | —I107.39

25 | 9-5 | 2.984 | 1179.49 | 295 13 37 | —1973.71 | + 498.41 | 57140
26 | 8.4) 2.599 2108.94 210 50 10 | —1965.43 | —1815.14 56°126
27 1.982 | 2820.40 | 340 41 14 | —1754.05 | +2658.36 |

28 | 9.4 | 1957 | I1I0.05 | 308 20 52 | —1612.64 | + 685.85 | 57°143
29 | 9.3 | 2.590 | 2476.24 | 342 46 5 | —1376.32 | +2363.03 57° 144
30 | 8.9] 1.957| 837.56| 320 51 22 | — 979.13 | + 648.52 | 57°145
31 | 8.5 | 2.599 | 1142.08! 203 40 30 | — 838.56 | —1046.74 | 56°128
32 | 9.0| 2.739 | 1197.14 | 338 7 30 | — 828.88 | +1110.19 | 57°146
33 | 9-3 | 2.667] 306.82 | 235 31 33 | — 465.51 | — 173.91 | 56°129
34 | 9.4 | 1.957 | 2356.89 | 354 54 41 | — 392.17 | +2347.44 | 57°148
35 | 1-957 | 1375-97 | 353 43 19 | — 280.17 | +-1367.64

36 | 8.8 | 2.737 | 2614-16 | 357 58 54 | — 173.07 | +2612.51 | 57°149
Bi 3:0) | 2:000 | 7 Cassiopeicel
38 | 2.006 | 1280.49 | 178 4 53 -- 78.25 | —1279.78

BOM Eo-5) 3168) | 625-211 | 6 50 53 | + 138.02 | + 620.73 57° 151
40 | 9.1 3 19 40 | + 143.05 | +1321.61 57°152

| 2.791 | 1323.86 |

ANNALS N.,Y. ACAD. Scr., VIII., June, 1895.—29

414 Rutherfurd Photographic Measures.

TaBLeE VI.—MeEaAn Resutts. ( Concluded.)

N Mag. | Epoch iste : Position y ieee <7 ae Bonn-
No. fag 1870+ Distance | Ani! a a ¢ 0 Darcie

599 2142.57 2 52 29) + 201.26 +-2139.83 57°153

4I GLO), || BE
42 1.982 | 3294.12 I 55 35 | + 209.24 | +3292.20
43 8.7 | 2.611 | 1837.01.) 174 31 43 | + 318.43 | —1828.76 | 56°130
44 7.3 | 2.768 | 2742.70| 175 20 53 | + 401.71 | —2733.85 | 56°131
45 9.4 | 3.016) 254.46] 118 30 18 |+ 411.70 |— 121-63 | 57-155
46 2.862 | 1661.56 | 168 2 8 | + 627.13 | —1625.91
47 9.3 | 2.645 | 940.03 | 149 22 28 | + 877.17 | — 809.76 | 56°33
45 g.0 | 2.908 | 2266.63 | 165 59 8 |+ 995.15 | —2200.28 56°134
49 8.5 | 2.942 | 3426.88 8 56 50 | +1007.84 | +3384.08 | 57°156
50 9.0 | 2.845 | 2007.92 | 163 53 35 |—-IOLL.95 | —1930.24 | 567135
51 1.957 2218.90 16 40 29 | +1192.18 | +2124.04
52 8.7 | 2.728) 2844.46| 164 18 21 | +1389.46 | —2740.59 | 56°136
53 9-4 | 2.808 | 1777.49 | I5I 50 45 | +1527.63 | —1569.74 | 56°137
54 9-5 | 3-215 | 2583.68 |: 18 22 45 | -+1529.45 | 4+-2449.36 | 57-157
55 7-9 | 2.893 | 3403.36} 15 23 37 | +1706.97 | +3278.13 | 577158
56 8.8 | 3.075 | 3439.88 15 24 39 | +1727.63 | 4+-3312.96 | 57-159
57 2.722 | 2025.67 | 150 28 48 | +1815.35 | —1766.39
58 9.0 | 2.895 | 1346.77 | I19 24 46 | +2151.24 | — 666.53 | 56°138
59 9.5 | 2.739 | 2340.41 30 39 32 | +2233.05 | +2007.84
60 8.9 | 2.879 | 1812.18 | 113 34 32 | +3044.09 | — 735.08
61 8.5 | 3.194 | 2006.32 | 111 32 48 | +3419.83 | — 749.83
62 7.4 | 2.599 | 3033.14) 136 12 6 | +3806.22 | —2205.49 | 56°143
63 3.731 | 2342.75 | IlO 32 46 | +-4017.55 | — 840.14

Sixty-two Stars

about 7 Cassiopeix.

415

TABLE VII.—CATALOGUE OF THE STARS ABOUT r) C ASSIOPEL®.

No. A : :
No. of Right Ascen- precession. Sec. Var. | Declination precession. Sec. Var.
Plates, sion 1872. 1872
x h m 8 $8 Ss ays RK ;
T| 4 1035 5-145| +3.38570| +.05840 | 56 57 49.69| +19 8200 —.0839
2 I |035 6.664| +-3.39701 | +.06066 | 5752 1.00} +-19.8197 | —.o841
3| 4 |935 8.565} +-3.38212| +.05756 | 56 37 13.44 | +19.8193 —.0839
A} 25 |035 20.413 | 4-3.38710| +-.05825 | 56 53 38.55 | +19.8166 | —.0844
5| 12 |035 28.926) +3.39544| +.05973 | 57 28 18.69 +-19.8147 ,—.0849
6) 2 035 31.364 +-3-39433 --05947 |57 21 9.99 Toe —.0849
7| 13 |035 35-597 +3-39058 | +-.05859 | 56 59 50.79 | + 19.8132 —.0850
8| Io |035 37-171 | +3.39095 | +.05845 |5655 58 48| +109. ae —.0851
9 2 |035 40.468) +-3.39525 | +--05940 15719 2.58) +-19.8121 | — 0853
TO} II |0 35 49.582) +-3.38692 | +.05750 | 56 31 17.26, +-19.8100 —.0854
II 5 |035 58.570| +3.38931 | +-.05777 | 56 36 43.33 | --19.8080 | —.0858
12 I |036 2.763 | +3.40596| +-.06ICO | 57 53 44.37 | +-19.8070 | —.0863
13 7 | 036 10.039 | +3-397!17| +-05907 157 655.92| +19.8054 | —.0363
14 6 03619.297 +3.38945 | +.05727 | 56 22 24.33 +19.8032 —.0865
15 2 |0 36 23.375| +3.40274| +.05983 |57 24 0.93) +19.8023 | —.0869
16 4 |03647.052 +-3.40778 + .06024 157 3058.73 +-19.7968 —.0879
T7| 17 |937 14.145} +3-40573| +-05914157 2 29.38| +-19.7904 | —.0889
18 2 |037 36.367| +3.40770| +.05901 | 56 56 19.80! +-19.7852 | —.08908
19| 27 |03753.483 +3.40927| +.05891 |5651 52.00 +19.7811 —.0904
20; 2 |03755.264) +3.41053| +.05910 | 56 56 31.35 | +19.7807 | —.0905
21} 20 |038 1.403| +-3-42250| +.05127 | 57 46 40.59| +-19.7792 | —.o909
22) 3 |038 2.536] +3.41757| -+.06027 |57 23 48.72) +-19.7789 | —.cg09
23; 26 |038 13.488 | +3.41843 ) +.06017 |57 2017.28, +19.7762 —.0913
24) 14 |039 8. 561 +3.41982) +.05912 | 56 4943.11 | +19.7628 | —.0934
25 5 |039 10.527| +3.42610| +.06028 | 57 16 28.91 | + 19.7623 | —.0934
26| 27 |03911.079| +3.41759| +.05868 | 56 37 55.36 +-19.7621 —.0933
27 2 |039 25.171| +3.43661 | +.06193 | 57 52 28.86 +-19.7586 —.0943
28) I | 039 34.599 +3-43040) +.06052 | 57 19 36.35) +19.7563 —.0945
29] II |039 50.353} +3-43929| +.06184 | 57 47 33-53 | +19.7523 | —.0953
30 I |0 40 16.833, +3.43656) +.06072 | 57 18 59.02 +-19.7456 | —.0961
31 | 27 |040 26.204) +3.43142) +.05954 15650 43.76) +-19.7432 —.0963
32| 4 |0 40 26.849| +3.43985 | +.06108 | 57 26 40.69/ +19.7431 | —.0965
33 24 (0 4051.074, +3.43843 | 4-.06028 |57 5 16.59 +19.7368 —.0975
34| I 04055.963 +3-44919 | +-06214 | 57 4717.94 —-19.7356 —.0979
35 I |O41I 3.430| +3.44638| +.06141 |57 3058.14) +-19.7336| —.o980
|
! > @)
B63) 23, | 0 41 10.570 +-3-45247 +-.06235 157 51 43.01 | 4-19.7318 —.0984
37 041 22.108 + 3.44373 ~ 06048 d¢ $10.50 19.7287 —.0987
38 | I | 041 27.325) +3.43947 | +.05960 156 46 50 72 +-19.7274 —.0988
39| 5 |041 31.309) +3.44756| +-.06096 | 57 18 31.23 +-19.7263 | — 0991
4O| 24 |O41 31.645) +-3.45041 | 4-.06148 | 57 30 12.11 | + 19.7263 | —.0992

416 Rutherfurd Photographic Measures.

TABLE VII.—CaATALOGUE or THE Stars. (Concluded).

No. : sat Ae
No. of Right Ascen- precession. Sec. Var. | Declination | precession. Sec. Var.

Plates,| sion 1872. 1872. | |
es ie h m s “ 8 s Ory “ . “ “i
4I|} 27 | O41 35.525 | +3-45434 | +.06214 | 57 43 50.33 | +19.7252 | —.0994
42 2 | O4I 36.057 | +3.45920 | +.06305 | 58 3 2.70| +19.7251 | —.0996
43| 22 | O41 43.337 | +3.43967 | +-05935 | 56 37 41.74 | +-19.7231 | —.0994
44| 22 |041 48.889 +3.43698 | +.05871 | 56 22 36.65 | +-19.7218 , —.0995
45| 12 | O41 49.555 | +3-44735 | +-06056 | 57 6 8.87) +19.7217 | —.0997
46} Il |042 3.917| +3.44344 | +.05952|5641 4.59| —-19.7177 | —.10o1
AGE) 2 0 42 20.586 +3.44910 | +.06018 | 5654 40.74 +-19.7132 _—. 1008
48 7 |042 28.451 | +3.44476 | +4-.05923 | 56 31 30.22 419.7112 | —.101f
49| 16 | 042 29.297 | +-3-46775 | +.06331 | 58 4 34.58] +19.7109 | —. 1017
50| I0 | 042 29.571 | +3.44598 | +-.05942 | 5636 0.26) +-19.7109 | —. IOI
51 I |042 41.587 | +-3.46428 | +.06243 ! 57 43 34.54 | +19.7076 | —.1020
52 4 |04254.739| +3.44641 | +-.05896 | 56 22 29.91 | 4-19.7040 | —. 1021
53} 13 043 3.950 3.45240 +.05982 56 42 0.76 “19.7016 —.1029
54 I | 043 4.071 | +3.46905-| +.06276 | 57 48 59.86 | +-19.70T5 | —.1034
55| 21 | 043 15.906) +3.47442 | +.06348 [58 2 48.63 | +19.6983 | —.1036
56) II 043 17.283 +3-47479 | +.06351 | 58 3 23.46 +-19.6979 —.1037
57 9 | 043 23.131 | +3-45439 | +-05979 | 56 38 44.11 “19.6962 —.1033
58! 13 | 043 45.524| +3.46216| +.06070 | 5657 3.97 19.6901 —.1044
59| 4 |043 50.978) +3.47425 | +.06271 | 57 41 38.34 | +-19.6886 | —. 1048
60} I8 |044 45.047 | +3.47058 | +.06089 | 5655 55.42 | +19.6735 | —.1068
61) 16 |045 10.097, +3.47420 | +.06099 | 56 55 40.67 | +-19.6664 | —.1077
62| 27 |045 35.856| +3.47178 | +.06009 | 56 31 25.01 | +-19.6589 | —.1085
63, 4 |045 49.945 +3-47964 +-.06I09 | 56 54 10.36 | + 19.6546 | —. 1093

XIV.— The Arachnida of Colorado.

BY NATHAN BANKS.
Read March 25, 1895.

During the past few years I have received several collections
of spiders and other arachnids from Colorado. The great pro-
portion of them were collected at or near Fort Collins by Prof.
C. P. Gillette and Mr. C. F. Baker. Indeed, I believe their col-
lections are the largest that have ever been made by entomologists
in one locality in this country. They have also sent some from
other places in the State. Mr. L. M. Cockerell sent me some es-
pecially interesting forms from West Cliff.

Dr. Packard in 1875 collected some spiders in the State and
they were described by Thorell and Emerton. Mr. Morrison also
collected some arachnids and sent them to Simon; some of these
have been described by Keyserling, others by Simon. Dr. Marx,
in his catalogue, records some other species from the State.

Colorado presents an especially interesting arachnid fauna. To
receive from the same locality Lathrodectes mactans and Pecilo-
chroa montana, Pholcus pullulus and Ergane borealis is not an
ordinary occurrence. There are quite a number of species which
are essentially northern in their distribution. Prominent among
these boreal forms may be mentioned the following with their
distribution :

Pecilochroa montana Em. White Mts.; Ithaca, N. Y.; Colo.; Wash.

Drassus robustus Em. N. H.; N. Y.; Colo.; Wash.; Can.

Gnaphosa conspersa Thor. N. H.; Ithaca, N. Y.; Colo.; Wash.; Can.

Gnaphosa brumalis Thor. N. H.; Ithaca, N. Y.; Colo.; Can.

Crustulina sticta Cambr. N. H.; Mich.; Colo.
Microneta 5-dentata Em. N. H.; Ithaca, N. Y.; Colo.

y}
Epeira carbonaria Koch. Labrador; Mt. Washington; Long’s Peak.
Epeira patagiata Clerk. N. H.; N. Y.; Mich.; Colo.; Wash.; Can.
Larinia borealis Bks. N. H.; Colo.; Wash.

Synzema obscura Keys. Mt. Washington; Colo.

Pardosa grenlandica Thor. Labrador; White Mts.; Rocky Mts.

418 The Arachnida of Colorado.

Ergane borealis Blk. N. H.; N. Y.; Mass.; Can.; Pa.; Wisc. ; Colo. ; Idaho;
Wash.

TIcius similis Bks. N. H.; Colo.; Wash.

Attus monadnock Em. White Mts.; Colo.

The western element is not prominent and is represented by
such species as Hpeira gemma, Epeira aculeata, Xysticus discur-
sans, Xysticus locuples, Bothriocyrtum californicum, and Sclero-
bunus robustus. And these are mostly from western Colorado.
Further collecting in the western portion of the State will doubt-
less increase the per cent. of Pacific forms.

There are a few typical southern spiders, such as Lathrodectes
mactans, Phidippus insolens, Pholcus pullulus, Thargalia amena,
and Centrurus carolinus.

Quite a number are distributed throughout the entire United
States—Agalena nevia, Prosthesima atra, Xysticus gulosus,
Coriarachne versicolor, Misumena vatia, Phileus militaris,
Dendryphantes octavus, Theridium tepidariorum, Cyclosa conica,
Epeira labyrinthea, Tetragnatha laboriosa, Steatoda borealis,
Dictyna sublata, Chelifer cancroides.

A few others are widely distributed over the entire eastern
United States, east of the Rocky Mountains—Plectana stellata,
Argiope transversa, Lycosa carolinensis, Pisaura undata,
Habrocestum cecatum, etc.

The most prominent characteristic is the great number of
Thomiside; it appears to be the leading family, not only in
species, but in specimens. But the micro-Theridide, if thoroughly
collected, would probably place the Therididz in the lead of
species. The absence of certain forms is quite peculiar; there
are no long-legged Phalangidze (Liobunum), the Clubionide are
few in specimens and species, and there are no Anypheene ; al-
though many northern species are represented, Tetragnatha ex-
tensa is absent. Though the Lycoside are quite abundant, I have
received but three specimens of Pirata. The Agalendz are not
near as common as one would naturally suppose. In the Attidee
we miss Saitis, Marptusa and Epiblemum. Although some of
these forms may be found with more extended collecting, yet itis
not probable that they will appear so numerous as we find them
elsewhere.

I append a list of places with altitudes at which collections
were made; this has been prepared by Mr. C. F. Baker.

The Arachnida of Colorado, 419

Boulder, 5,400 ft. Gray’s Peak, 9,500 to 14,000 ft.
Cafion City, 5,350 ft. Greenhorn, 5,000 ft.

Cameron Pass, 12,000 ft. ab. timber. Horsetooth Gulch, 5,500 ft.
Colorado Springs, 6,000 ft. Kelso’s Cabin, 10,890 ft.

Delta, 4,900 ft. Leadville, 10,200 ft.

Denver, 5,200 ft. Livermore, 7,000 ft.

Dixon’s Cafion, 5,500 ft. Long’s Peak, 12,000 ft., above timber.
Elk River, 7,000 ft. Manitou, 6,350 ft.

Estes Park, 7,500 ft. Mt. Richtophen, 9,500 ft.

Ft. Collins, 5,000 ft. Rist Cation, 6,500 ft.
Four-Mile Hill, 7,000 ft. Steamboat Springs, 6,000 ft.
Golden, 5,700 ft. Swift Creek, 7,900 ft.

Grand Junction, 4,550 ft. Trinidad, 5,900 ft.

Mr. Baker proposes the following terms: sub-alpine, up to
5,900 feet, or beginning of foot hills; mid-alpine, from sub-alpine
to timber line; high-alpine, above timber line.

It will be found, however, in looking through the following
pages that there is little difference between the sub-alpine and
mid-alpine regions. But most of the southern and western forms
occur at low latitudes ; yet with them are mingled truly northern
species.

THERAPHOSID &.

Bothriocyr um californicum Cambr.

Recorded from the State by Simon.
Eurypelma marxi Sim.

One male, 25 mm. long, agrees well with Simon’s description ;
it is black with some long fulvous hair on the abdomen ; and red-
dish maxille and lip. Caiion City (Gillette).

HY POCHILIDA.
Hypochilus thorelli Marx.
Recorded by Emerton from Colorado.

PHOLCID A.
Pholcophora americana Bks.
Fort Collins, in house (Mrs. Baker).
Pholcus pullulus Hentz.
Recorded by Thorell from Manitou, July; Fort Collins under
a board (Baker).
DRASSID #.
Micaria perfecta Bks.
Fort Collins (Gillette), on lawn (Mrs. Baker).

es

420 The Arachnida of Colorado.

Micaria coloradensis Bks.
Fort Collins, on lawn (Mrs. Baker).

Drassus coloradensis Em.
Described from Gray’s Peak.

Drassus humilis bks.
West Cliff (Cockerell).

Drassus robustus Em.
Ft. Collins, under stones, Noy., Dec. (Baker).

Drassus inornatus nov. sp.

Length 9 12 mm.; ceph. 3.9 mm. long, 2.9 mm. wide ; patella plus tibia
IV. 4.1 mm. Cephalothorax pale reddish-brown ; legs and palpi yellow-
brown, darker on metatarsi and tarsi; mandibles dark red-brown; sternum
paler red-brown, darker on edges; abdomen above and below light gray, darker
near the tip; spinnerets yellowish. Legs moderately hairy, no spines above
on any of the tibize, one below on tibia I.; metatarsi (except IV.) and tarsi
with not very dense scopulas; fourth pair of legs quite long, the anterior
pairs very short. Sternum narrow, nearly twice as long as broad. Posterior
row of eyes procurved, longer than the anterior row; P. M. E. oval,
more than their diameter apart, slightly nearer to each other than to P. S. E.;
anterior row straight, A. M. E. the larger and nearer to the A. S. E. than to
each other. The epigynum consists of a quadrangular cavity, broader behind
than in front, from the anterior margin of which there projects a plate becom-
ing quite wide, then tapering toa point near the posterior margin of the cavity.

One specimen, West Cliff. (Cockerell).

Drassus assimilis nov. sp.

Length g¢ 9.6 m. m.;ceph, 4m. m. long; 3 m. m. wide; patella plus tibia
I.6.2m.m. Cephalothorax, legs and palpi yellowish; sternum yellow-brown,
darker on edges; palpal organ reddish; abdomen dark gray; spinnerets yellow-
ish. The eyes are similar to D. inornatus. Sternum broad. Legs very long
and slender; the scopulas moderately thick on the tarsi, but only on the tips
of the metatarsi; no spine under tibia I., none above on tibia IIL., tibia LV.
missing, femur IV. is a little shorter than femur I. The palpus has some re-
semblance to D. coloradensis, but the pointed projection on tibia is not so large,
the tube of palpal organ is very much more curved, and, instead of a pointed
tooth, there is a prominent foot-shaped appendage projecting beyond the side
of tarsus. The sternum is too broad and the first legs too long to be the ¢ of
D. inornatus.

Fort Collins (Gillette).
Prosthesima atra Hentz.

Fort Collins; under stones and leaves; sweeping alfalfa, May,
Nov. Thorell records it from Manitou, July.

Prosthesima ecclesiastica Hentz.
Fort Collins (Gillette).

The Arachnida of Colorado. 42]

Prosthesima depressa Em.
One young specimen, Fort Collins (Baker).

Prosthesima blanda Bks.

Several females of this species have been collected at Fort Col-
lins by Prof. Gillette. The epigynum consists of a reddish,
nearly square area, divided behind into three lobes, the middle
one, which is black, is nearly square and very much broader than
both of the others together, which are narrowed toward their tips.

Callilepis imbecilla Keys.
A young specimen under dead leaves, Fort Collins (Gillette).

Peecilochroa montana Em.

Fort Collins (Gillette).

Peecilochroa variegata Hentz.
Fort Collins (Gillette).

Gnaphosa brumalis Thor.
Fort Collins (Baker).

Gnaphosa conspersa Thor.
West Cliff (Cockerell). Thorell recorded it from Kelso’s Cabin
and Gray’s Peak, July.

Gnaphosa scudderi Thor.
Fort Collins (Gillette). Manitou, July (Thorell).

Teminius nigriceps nov. sp.

Length 9 13 mm.; ceph. 4.5 mm. long, 3.8 mm. wide; patella plus tibia I.
4.1mm., IV.4mm. Cephalothorax red brown, black around eyes and on
clypeus; mandibles black; palpi red-brown, tips black; legs yellow-brown, I.
and II. darker on tibiz and tarsi; maxille red-brown; lip black; sternum red-
brown, black on margins; abdomen dark gray, with two faint pale stripes
aboye, spinnerets yellowish. Eyes, A. M. E. about their diameter apart, less
than half so far from the equal A. S. E.; P. M. E. oval, less than their diame-
ter apart, twice that distance from the P. S. E. Sternum broad. Legs hairy,
fourth pair but little longer than the first; thick scopulas on all tarsi and me-
tatarsi (except IV.); no spines on tibia I. and II., none above on tibia IY.
Abdomen about twice as long as wide; the second joint of the superior spin-
nerets no longer than broad. The epigynum consists of a dark reddish, de-
pressed elliptical area, broader than long, from the anterior margin of which
there projects a broad median plate, broadest beyond the middle, and then
suddenly tapering to a point, which does not quite attain the hind margin
of the depression.

Two females, Fort Collins (Baker).

422 The Arachnida of Colorado.

CLUBIONID#.
Clubiona riparia Koch (ornata Em. ).
Fort Collins, under stones, Nov.; Steamboat Springs, July
(Baker).
Clubiona meesta Bks.
Fort Collins, on lawn (Mrs. Baker).
Clubiona abbotti Koch.
One female, Fort Collins (Gillette).
Phrurolithus pugnatus Em.
Recorded by Dr. Marx.
Phrurolithus affinis Bks.
Fort Collins, sifting dead leaves, February (Baker).
Thargalia amcena Koch.
Fort Collins (Baker), West Cliff (Cockerell).
Thargalia tricolor Koch.
Fort Collins, low herbage, May (Baker); West Cliff (Cockerell).

DICTYNIDZ5.
Dictyna sublata Hentz.
D. foliata Keys. (?)

I think Keyserling’s species is this common eastern species.
Fort Collins, sweeping low herbage and alfalfa, May, June.
Dictyna volucripes Keys.

D. arundinaceoides Keys.

I fails to see any differences between these species. Fort Col-
lins, Mt. Richtophen, Elk River, May, July.
Amaurobius claustarius Koch.

Recorded by Dr. Marx.

AGALENID~.
Agalena nevia Hentz.

Fort Collins (Baker), West Cliff (Cockerell), Manitou (Pack-
ard). Not common.
Tegenaria derhami Scop.
Fort Collins, in house (Mrs. Baker).
Cicurina arcuata Keys.
Recorded by Dr. Marx.
Cicurina robusta Sim.
Described from the state.
Ccelotes calcaratus Keys.
Recorded by Dr. Marx.

The Arachnida of Colorado. 423

Cybaeus sp.(?)

One female, Dixon’s Canon, March (Gillette).
Hahnia sp. (?)

Fort Collins, one young specimen looks much like H. cinerea ;
among dead leaves (Gillette).

THERIDID.
Theridium murarium Em.

Recorded by Dr. Marx. Fort Collins, one young specimen
(Baker).
Theridium frondeum Htz.

Fort Collins, young (Baker).

Theridium puncto-sparsum Keys.
Recorded by Dr. Marx.

Theridium tepidariorum Koch.

One young specimen from Fort Collins.
Steatoda borealis Hentz.

Fort Collins, sweeping low herbage; under stones; West Cliff;
May, November.

Steatoda distincta Thor.

Described from Manitou, June.
Lithyphantes corollatus Koch.

Fort Collins, Leadville. Estes Park. Thorell had it from Idaho
Springs, Denver, Boulder and Manitou. June, July and August.
Lithyphantes marmoratus Hentz.

Recorded by Dr. Marx.

Lithyphantes septem-maculatus Keys.
Recorded by Dr. Marx.
Euryopsis funebris Hentz.

Fort Collins (Baker), West Cliff (Cockerell).
Crustulina sticta Cambr.

Fort Collins ; sweeping low herbage ; under stones ; among dead
leaves. May, November.
Lathrodectes mactans Koch.

Fort Collins, quite common.
Grammonota pictilis Cambr.

Fort Collins, under a board ; among dead leaves. November.
Cornicularia auranticeps Em.

Fort Collins. sifting dead leaves, February (Baker).

424 The Arachnida of Colorado.

Cornicularia communis Em.
Fort Collins, sifting leaves, February (Baker).

Tmeticus sp.?

One female, West Cliff.

Tmeticus flaveolus Bks.
Fort Collins, one male, under stones, February ; Baker).

Erigone coloradensis Keys.
Described from the State.

Erigone cacuminum Thor.
Gray’s Peak, under stones, July (Thorell).

Erigone strabo Thor.

Arapahoe Pass, 11-12,000 feet, July (Thorell). This and the
preceding species do not belong to the genus as restricted ; they
are unknown to me.

Tiso spirotubus noy. sp.

Length 1.4 mm. Cephalothorax and sternum yellow-brown, abdomen
black, with some small scattered white dots; legs and palpi pale yellowish.
Cephalothorax low, broad in front, head g quite suddenly, but only slightly
elevated; the M. E. form a trapeze plainly longer than broad behind, the A.
M. E. smaller than other eyes and nearly touching; mandibles small, un-
armed; legs of moderate length, tarsi plainly shorter than the metatarsi, a
small spine behind on the under-side of posterior coxee of both sexes; sternum
broadly triangular, sides rounded, obtusely pointed behind. The region of
the epigynum projects below the venter, showing behind a transverse region
rounded on sides and slightly divided in the middle. The male palpi are very
long, the femur being nearly as long as the breadth of the cephalothorax, cyl-
indrical and with a minute spine at extreme base; patella about one-half as
long, gradually enlarged to tip, and with a small spine at base; tibia very
short, but with a very long slender hook which is strongly curved toward tip;
the tarsus is broadly triangular, above with a blunt projection at the angle
where it touches the tibial hook, the bulb has a very long, tapering stylus of
about five gradually enlarging coils.

Fort Collins, some under a board, others among dead leaves.

The genus Tiso is related to Erigone, but it differs in the
structure of the ¢ palpus and in the weaker mandibles. In the
European species the ¢ head is not elevated, but in this and in
an allied species from Washington the head is distinctly elevated.

Linyphia clathrata Koch.

Fort Collins (Gillette).
Linyphia orophila Thor.

Gray’s Peak, July (Packard).

The Arachnida of Colorado. 425

Linyphia phrygiana Koch.

One specimen, Fort Collins (Gillette), West Cliff (Cockerell).
Linyphia communis Hentz.

Fort Collins, Steamboat Springs, July.
Diplostyla nigrina Reuss.

Fort Collins, one female, sifting leaves, February (Baker).

Lepthyphantes nebulosus Blk.
Fort Collins, under a board (Baker).

Lepthyphantes minutus Blk.
Fort Collins (Baker).

Bathyphantes zygia Keys.

Fort Collins, sifting leaves, February (Baker).
Microneta quinquedentata Em.

Fort Collins, among leaves, November (Gillette).

EPEIRID.
Epeira aculeata Em.

Fort Collins, Steamboat Springs, Four-mile Hill, July. Gray’s
Peak (Emerton).
Epeira carbonaroides Keys.

Recorded by Dr. Marx. Probably same as £. aculeata.
Epeira carbonaria Koch.

Long’s Peak, above timber, July, (Gillette).
Epeira bivariolata Keys.

Recorded by Dr. Marx.
Epeira famulatoria Keys.

Described from the State.
Epeira gemma McCook.

Fort Collins, Greenhorn, July (R. W. Sears).
Epeira sylvatica Em.

Fort Collins (Gillette); probably this species.
Epeira nordmanni Thor.?

Fort Collins (Gillette).
Epeira strix Hentz.

Fort Collins, sweeping low herbage, May.
Epeira patagiata Clerk.

Fort Collins (Gillette).
Epeira trivittata Keys.

One male, Fort Collins, June (Baker). Boulder, June (Thorell.)

426 The Arachnida of Colorado.

Eperia trifolium Hentz.

Recorded by Dr. Marx.
Epeira labyrinthea Hentz.

Fort Collins, Steamboat Springs, Four-mile Hill, Elk River,
July.
Epeira parvula Keys.

Fort Collins, sweeping low herbage, September (Gillette).
Epeira displicata Hentz.

Fort Collins, sweeping alfalfa; Steamboat Springs, May, July
(Baker).
Plectana stellata Hentz.

Fort Collins, sweeping and under stone, November.
Singa variabilis Em.

Fort Collins, sweeping low herbage; Steamboat Springs, May,
July (Baker).
Argiope transversa Em.

Fort Collins (Baker).
Cyclosa conica Pall.

Estes Park, July (Gillette). One specimen.

Larinia borealis Bks.
Three specimens, Fort Collins, sweeping, June.
if 3 b] ] 3?

Tetragnatha grallator Hentz.

Boulder, Manitou, Golden, July (Thorell). I have seen only
some young specimens from Steamboat Springs, July (Baker).
Tetragnatha laboriosa Hentz.

Fort Collins, Steamboat Springs, Elk River, Mount Rich-
tophen ; sweeping, May, July. Very abundant.

Pachygnatha autumnalis Keys.

One female, Fort Collins, under stones, November (Baker).
Pachygnatha brevis Keys.

Fort Collins, low herbage, among dead leaves and under stones,
September, November.

THOMISID_E.
Xysticus auctificus Keys.
Described from the State.
Xysticus benefactor Keys.
Fort Collins, Steamboat Springs, July. Two specimens.
Xysticus locuples Keys.
Recorded by Keyserling.

The Arachnida of Colorado. 427

Xysticus gulosus Keys.

Fort Collins, under stones and on low herbage. Quite common.
Xysticus cunctator Thor.

X. quinquepunctatus Keys.
X. lenis Keys.

Fort Collins, sweeping alfalfa, May, June; Boulder, July (Tho-
rell). .X. /enis is an immature form of X. 5-punctatus, which is,
I think, Thorell’s species. It is quite common.

Xysticus discursans Keys.
X. pulverulentus Em.

Fort Collins, sweeping low herbage, May; Dixon’s Canon,

under stones, March.

Xysticus funestus Keys.
Recorded by Dr. Marx.

Xysticus nigromaculatus Keys.

One female, Fort Collins (Baker).
Xysticus stomachosus Keys.

Recorded by Dr. Marx.

Xysticus quadrilineatus Keys.

Fort Collins, under stones. Not uncommon.

Xysticus montanensis Keys.
XX. bimaculatus Em.

One female, Fort Collins (Gillette).
Xysticus limbatus Keys.

Fort Collins, sweeping low herbage, September (Gillette).
Xysticus formosus Bks.

Fort Collins, one specimen not quite adult (Gillette).

Xysticus vernilis Keys.

West Cliff (Cockerell).
Xysticus triguttatus Keys.

Recorded by Dr. Marx. One female, Fort Collins, June (Baker).
Xysticus gramineus Em.

Fort Collins, one male, sweeping low herbage, May (Baker).
Oxyptila conspurcata Thor.

Fort Collins, under stones, November (Baker). Manitou, July
(Thorell).

Coriarachne versicolor Keys.

Fort Collins; Rist Canon, April.

Synzema obscura Keys.

Elk River, July (Baker); West Cliff (Cockerell).

428 The Arachnida of Colorado.

Misumena vatia Clerk.
Fort Collins, Steamboat Springs, Moon’s Ranch, June, July.
Common.

Misumena lepida Thor.
Fort Collins, sweeping, May.

Misumena rosea Keys.
Fort Collins, sweeping, May. Quite common.

Misumena oblonga Keys.

Fort Collins, Dixon’s Canon, sweeping, May.
Misumena spinosa Keys.

Fort Collins, sweeping, June, one male (Baker),

Tibellus oblongus Walck.
Fort Collins, Steamboat Springs, Mount Richtophen, sweep-
ing, May, July.
Thanatus rubicundus Keys.
Th. coloradensis Keys.
Fort Collins, Dixon’s Canon, under stones, March, November,
December. This species is quite variable in size and markings.

Philodromus alaskensis Keys.

What I consider as this species is very common in Colorado,
but most of the specimens taken by sweeping are young. Fort
Collins, May, September.

Philodromus spectabilis Keys.
Described from the State.

Philodromus aureolus Walck.

Fort Collins, Steamboat Springs, May, July; Maaitou (Tho-
rell).

Philodromus lentiginosus Keys.

One female of this beautiful species was taken by Mr. Baker
under Mount Richtophen, in July; it was previously known only
from Lake Superior.

Philodromus preelustris Keys.

Described from the State.
Philodromus inquisitor Thor.

Kelso’s Cabin (Thorell). Unknown to me, quite probably the
same as the preceeding. Emerton records it from Laggan.
Philodromus satullus Keys.

Fort Collins, sweeping, June (Baker).

The Arachnida of Colorado. 429

Philodromus virescens Thor.
Ph. clarus Keys.
Fort Collins, a young specimen, September (Baker). Golden,
July (Thorell).
Philodromus rufus Walck.
Fort Collins, sweeping low herbage, May, July.

LYCOSID 4%.
Lycosa grandis Bks.
One male, Fort Collins (Baker).

Lycosa carolinensis Hentz.

One male, Fort Collins (Baker).
Lycosa coloradensis Bks.

Fort Collins (Baker), (Mr. F. de Haahn).
Lycosa scalaris Thor.

Fort Collins, under stones; West Cliff (Cockerell).
Lycosa modesta Thor.

Fort Collins, under stones ; West Cliff (Cockerell).
Lycosa brunneiventris Bks.

Fort Collins, under stones (Baker).
Lycosa beani Em.

One male apparently this species, Fort Collins (Baker).
Pirata insularis Em.

Fort Collins, among dead leaves, under stones, November.
Pardosa concinna Thor.

Fort Collins, low herbage, May ; under stones, November, West
Cliff (Cockerell). Kelso’s Cabin (Thorell).
Pardosa sternalis Thor.

P. luteola Em.

Fort Collins, sweeping, May. Boulder, Manitou (Thorell).
Pardosa pallida Em.

Fort Collins, on lawn (Mrs. Baker).
Pardosa coloradenesis bks.

West Cliff (Cockerell).
Pardosa uncata Thor.

Fort Collins, November. Georgetown (9,500 ft.), Mount Gray
(Thorell). .

Pardosa dorsalis Bks.
West Cliff (Cockerell).

Annats N. Y. ACAD. Sct., VIII., July, 1895.—30

430 The Arachnida of Colorado.

Pardosa groenlandica Thor.
P. iracunda Thor. and P. sinistra Thor.
P. albomaculata Em.

Long’s Peak, July (Gillette); Cameron Pass, July (Baker);
Pike’s Peak, Kelso’s Cabin, Gray’s Peak and Arapahoe Pass, July
(Thorell).

Pardosa tristis Thor.
P. indagatrix Thor.

Fort Collins, Denver, Manitou (Thorell). Emerton considers
these as synonyms of P. grenlandica. Although the differences
are slight, I keep it separate, as the P. grwnlandica is found above
timber line and P. trisfis quite low down.

Pardosa atra Bks.

West Cliff (Cockerell).
Pardosa impavida Thor.

Manitou, July (Thorell). Fort Collins (Mrs. Baker).
Trochosa cinerea Fabr.

Fort Collins (Baker), West Cliff (Cockerell).

Trochosa parva Bks.

Fort Collins, under stones, November, December.
Pisaura undata Hentz.

Fort Collins, one specimen (Gillette).
Dolomedes scriptus Hentz.

One specimen, Fort Collins (Baker).

OXYOPID A.

Oxyopes compacta Bks.

Dixon’s Canon, May (Baker). Fort Collins (Mrs Baker).

ATTID.

Phidippus audax Hentz.

Fort Collins, sweeping low herbage.
Phidippus insolens Thor.

Dixon’s Canon, September (Gillette). Denver, July (Thorell).
Philaeus militaris Hentz.

Fort Collins, sweeping, May; Estes Park, July. Common.
Dendryphantes octavus Hentz.

Fort Collins, Steamboat Springs, sweeping, May, June, July.
Common.

Dendryphantes sp. (?)

One immature specimen differs in markings from any form

known to me; there are three reddish stripes on the abdomen.

The Arachnida of Colorado. 431

Astia vittata Hentz.

One male, Fort Collins (Gillette).
Icius vitis Ckll ( Dendryphantes ).

Fort Coliins, sweeping, May, September.
Icius monticola Bks.

One male, Moon’s Ranch, near Livermore (Baker).
Icius similis Bks.

Fort Collins, sweeping, May ; Four-mile Hill, July.
Attus monadnock Em.

West Cliff (Cockerell).
Attus palustris Peck.

Fort Collins, on lawn (Mrs. Baker).
Habrocestum decorum Blk.

Fort Collins (Baker).
Habrocestum coecatum Htz.

Fort Collins, sweeping, May.
Habrocestum clypeatum Bks.

One male, Dixon’s Canon, May (Baker).
Habrocestum sp.?

One young specimen, Elk River, July (Baker.) It may be ZH.
montanum Em.
Ergane borealis Blk.

Hasarius hoyi Peck.

Fort Collins sweeping, May.
Synageles picata Htz.

One specimen, Fort Collins, sweeping, May (Baker).

PHALANGIDA.
Sclerobunus robustus Pack.
West Cliff (Cockerell).
Taracus packardi Simon.
Described from the State; unknown to me.
Trachyrhinus favosus Wood.
Fort Collins, under stones and among dead leaves. Common.

Homolophus biceps Thor.
West Cliff, Fort Collins, Trinidad, Four-mile Hill. Common.
PSEUDOSCORPIONIDA.

Chelifer cancroides Linn.
Fort Collins, one specimen (Baker).

432 The Arachnida of Colorado

Chelanops grossus Bks.
Fort Collins (Baker).
Chelanops pallipes Bks.
One specimen, Hotchkiss (J. H. Cowan).

SCORPIONIDA.
Centrurus carolinianus Beauy.
Trinidad (Gillette).
Vejovis sp. (?)
One specimen, Dolores (Gillette).

SOLPUGIDA.
Datames sulfureus Simon.

recorded by Simon from the State.
Datames pallipes Say.
Two specimens, Fort Collins, under a board, July (Gillette).

ACARINA.

TROMBIDID-E.
Trombidium sericeum Say.
Fort Collins, among dead leaves, November (Gillette)

ERYTH AIDA.
Actineda agilis Bks.
Fort Collins, sweeping and among leaves.

RHY NCOLOPHID.
Rhyncolophus longipes Bks.

One specimen, Fort Collins (Baker).
Rhyncolophus maculatus Bks.

Fort Collins (Baker).

Rhyncolophus parvus Bks.

Fort Collins, November (Gillette).
Rhyncolophus robustus noy. sp.

Length 3 mm. Alcoholic specimens pale yellowish, head blackish. Body
oblong, twice as long as broad, slightly constricted in middle, clothed with
short stiff hairs ; dorsal groove reaching considerably beyond eyes, it is en-
larged a short distance before the tip ; last joint of leg I. two-thirds as long as
the penultimate, leg IV. a little longer than body, its last joint less than one-
third as long as penultimate ; palpi short, third joint twice as long as broad,
fourth much shorter ending in a stout claw, thumb large swollen, much sur-
passing the claw.

Quite common, Fort Collins (Gillette).

(SU)
is)

The Arachnida of Colorado. 43

TETRANYCHID.
Bryobia pratensis Garman.
Recorded by Mr. Baker from the State.

BDELLID.®.
Bdella peregrina Bks.
Fort Collins (Baker).
Eupalpus echinatus Bks.
Fort Collins, attached to a species of Ceresa (Gillette).

EUPODID.
Rhagidia pallida Bks.
Fort Collins, among dead leaves, November (Gillette).
Linopodes antennzpes Bks.
Fort Collins, among dead leaves, November (Gillette).

ORIBATID 2.
Belba australis Bks.
Two specimens, Fort Collins, among dead leaves, November
(Gillette).

GAMASIDE.
Laelaps sp.
Fort Collins (Gillette).
Iphis sp.
Fort Collins (Gillette).

DERMANYSSID &.
Dermanyssus galline Redi.
Fort Collins, from chickens (A. Cameron).

IXODID.%.
Dermacentor americanus Linn.
Ixodes variabilis Say.
Fort Collins, sweeping and from neck of man.
Rhipicephalus sp.
One specimen from Kittdeer, Fort Collins (R. C. Stephenson).

TY ROGLYPHID.
Homopus (?) sp.(?)
Fort Collins, on wood-mouse (Gillette).

434 The Arachnida of Colorado.

ADDENDA.

In the preceding article I omitted to state that those species
seen by me and not followed by the collector’s name, were re-
ceived from both Prof. Gillette and Mr. Baker.

I have since received some additional material from Mr. and
Mrs. Baker, containing a few species not in the collections which
they had previously sent me. Mr. Baker sends a male specimen
of Gnaphosa sericata Koch (bicolor Htz.), collected in May at Ft.
Collins. Mrs. Baker collected a specimen of Cicurina robusta
Simon, on the lawn in May. It was described by Simon from
the State, but was previously unknown to me. Mr. Baker also
sends a new species of Philezeus (P. monticola), which will be de-
scribed elsewhere.

In Mr. Cockerell’s collection from West Cliff, I accidentally
overlooked an attid; Habrocestum hirsutum; it was previously
known only from Oregon.

XV.—Coleopterological Notices.
Vi.
BY THOS. L. CASEY.
Read May 20, 1895.

The fact that two entire families of North American Coleop-
tera, although treated monographically in the present work, are
composed principally of species whose names now appear for the
first time in the annals of scientific literature, must be regretfully
regarded as proving the comparatively slight amount of interest
evinced in this country for the systematic study of entomology.
The study of nature in any sphere is ennobling and broaden-
ing to the mind, whether it concerns elementary matter or the
physical forces which control the universe, the infusoria or the
mammals, the bacteria or those great trees which excite the ad-
miration of the most apathetic of us; but, as we human beings
are primarily and essentially a social animal, it is evident that in
a general sense the opinion of the people at large must have some
weight in fashioning the tastes and predilections, even of those
in whom the thirst for disinterested research is especially devel-
oped. Wecan account in this way for the exceedingly small pro-
portion of scientific men who regard the study of morphological
entomology as worthy of very serious consideration, although it
ean scarcely be disputed that in the Insecta occur the most won-
derful: structures to be found in the entire domain of nature, the
most singular adaptations, and the most prolific sources of data
to be ultimately utilized in attacking some of the apparently in-
scrutable problems of biological evolution.

Perhaps the day may arrive some centuries hence, when the
world shall have become more widely and more homogeneously
educated, when systematic workers in the field of entomology
can count themselves among the candidates for honors and dis-
tinctions, similar to those now bestowed by popular favor upon
him who discovers out in space a tiny point revolving about a
dash of light almost equally minute, or who, by mathematical

ANNALS N. Y. AcAD. Sct., VIII., July, 1895.—31.

436 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

logic deduces the laws of planetary motion, or who, by patient

and careful weighing discovers a hitherto unknown constituent of

our atmosphere. These fields of scientific enquiry are all parts of

one grand cosmos, and I cannot conceive one of them to be more

soul-inspiring than another; they are all equally wonderful,

equally beautiful, and equally beyond the ken of finite intellect.
NORFOLK, VA., May 18, 1895.

STAPHYLINID A.

CONOSOMA Kraatz.

This genus is represented in America by numerous species,
which, because of their comparatively constant and monotonous
facies, have gained the reputation of being a difficult lot to deal
with systematically ; but this is by no means the case in reality.
There are several sclerites which are sufliciently diversified to
afford most satisfactory taxonomic elements, and in fact the
species can be separated into two almost equal divisions, based
upon radically different types of epipleural structure which can
be recognized upon mere cursory examination. The extent of
development of the long erect tactile sete of the abdomen, an-
tennal structure, sculpture of the elytra and ventral characters of
the male can also be employed advantageously in classification,
as these all differ in a marked and sufficiently constant degree
among the various species; the difference in elytral sculpture be-
tween knoxi, bipustulata and parvula, for example, is very pro-
nounced. In some cases I have resorted to peculiarities of color-
ation for the principal differential character of the species.

In the following table I have been compelled to add a number
of new species to those already known, and to correct some very
inaccurate and misleading synonymy which has been allowed to
stand in our recent lists :-—

I. Epipleure broader, subhorizontal, pubescent, impressed toward base, but
with the outer margin only descending slightly below the inner.

Pronotum abruptly pale in color in basal half, the elytra pale but blackish
laterally and toward Vapexe.....--schoc-tenecnsstensecseeccesctesanesiees 1. knoxi

Pronotum unicolorous or only feebly and suffusedly pale toward base.
Elytra each with a large, obliquely oyal pale spot at base...2. littorea
Elytra unicolorous or suffusedly pale at base throughout the width.
Body blackish in color, the elytra rufous at base.................8. Opica

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 437

Body blackish throughout, occasionally with the elytra and abdomen
slightly rufescent.
Abdominal setee short sparse and inconspicuous toward base.
Fifth ventral of the male sinuate at apex, the sixth with a deep
TOUNGEdMTedTaANySIMUAL ONsee dees --eeees- eee eases 4. imbricata
Fifth ventral unmodified at apex, the sixth with a broad and shal-
low sinuation four or five times as wide as deep.
5. lumuloides
Abdominal sete long and bristling throughout the length.
6. velocipes
Body more or less pale in color throughout.
Species on thepeaciti CucOashieceseaecciceececstecesines csc accs 7. Castanea
Species of the Atlantic coast.
Outer edge of the epipleurze not lower than the inner, the epipleu-
ral surface evenly and symmetrically excavated through a large
PALL Ol RUS WER LEM Gaecec we cosecetincte sctecoetecisiste cnet alanis sine 8. Wirgimice
Outer edge descending slightly below the inner toward base, the
excavation near the inner edge ; much smaller species.
9. Mmacer
II. Epipleure narrow, glabrous, becoming subvertical toward base, the outer
margin generally descending very far below the inner.
Elytra without marginal sete.
Black, each elytron with a median red spot at the base.
Large species. Europe and the Pacific coast........10. bipustulata
Sina lS peclessmr Ath antl MEOTON Steere ace te seiceitsectaccdciee See aa 11. basalis
Black or paler, the elytra unicolorous or suffusedly pale at the base
throughout the width.
Species large or moderate in size, always distinctly more than 1 mm. in
width.
Epipleurze extending to the elytral apex................... 12. occulta
Epipleuree not attaining the elytral apex.
Epistoma fully one-half wider than long ; antennz slender, with
the eleventh joint twice as long as wide—Q......... 13. crassa
Epistoma but sightly wider than long ; antennze shorter and less
slender, the eleventh joint much shorter; body very much
Sita er Oyen oriacataaaedse ee ececeiartaeectenstetocea acre: 14. versicolor
Species small, always less than 1 mm. in width.
Elytra with rather finely imbricate sculpture.

Elytra longer than the prothorax........................0+. 15. debilis
Elytra equal in length to the prothorax ; body less oval and more
rectilimesm ati they Sides) i-ae-ccecseesessseceeseecceseese eee 16. subtilis

Elytra short and transverse, with very coarsely imbricate sculpture.

17. parvula

Elytra with a single series of five or six long black setze along the lateral
edge ; body pale, the elytra feebly nubilate with a blackish design.

18. scripta

438 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

Whenever possible the descriptions which follow are drawn
from the male.

The measurements of length refer to the head and body as far
as the extremity of the elytra, the abdomen being wholly excluded.

1. C. Knoxi Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1866, p. 374; Horn:
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VI., 1877, p. 110.

Moderately broad, testaceous, the head and apical half of the
pronotum, elytra externally and toward apex and abdomen in
about apical half, black; antennz blackish but testaceous toward
apex and base. Head nearly one-half as wide as the prothorax,
minutely punctulate, extremely minutely and feebly substrigilate,
the antennz long, feebly incrassate, the tenth joint in the male but
slightly longer than wide, the eleventh one-half longer than wide
and acutely and symmetrically pointed. Prothorax three-fifths
wider than long, the apex about three-fifths as wide as the base,
minutely, very closely and rather distinctly punctulate, the sur-
face extremely minutely and transversely substrigilate. Elytra
nearly as long as wide, only slightly narrowed from the base, with
the sides evenly and feebly arcuate, slightly narrower than the
prothorax, the external apical angles right and but little rounded ;
apex very feebly, triangularly emarginate; disk rather depressed
and finely, excessively densely punctulate, extremely minutely
and densely pubescent. Abdomen rapidly conical, the black
sete short and inconspicuous toward base. Length 2.25 mm.;
width 1.25 mm.

Pennsylvania to Wisconsin (Bayfield, Lake Superior). The
male has a large triangular emargination at the apex of the
sixth ventral segment, the angle of which is rather broadly
rounded. In this distinct species the elytral sculpture and ves-
titure are more minute and dense than in any other known to me.

2. C. Llittorea Linn.—Faun. Suec., 852 (Staphylinus); Er.: Gen. Staph.,
p. 219 (Conurus); Horn: Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., VI., p. 109.

Almost similar in form and size to knoxi, blackish throughout,
the pronotum near the sides and a large somewhat obliquely oval
spot at the middle of the base of each elytron testaceous ; apices
of the ventral segments slightly pale. Length 2.4 mm.; width
1.35 mm.

Europe and Massachusetts. The sixth ventral of the male has
a very large triangular emargination nearly as in knowt, but with

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 439

the angle less rounded, and the elytral sculpture is extremely
finely and closely imbricato-punctulate, almost as densely as in
knoxi. As in that species, the epipleure are very wide, nearly
flat, subhorizontal, densely pubescent and punctulate throughout
and broadly, feebly impressed in the middle toward base. I am
of the opinion that the few examples of this species thus far
taken in the United States are mere sporadic importations.

3. C. Opica Say—Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., IV., p. 467 (Tachyporus) ;
Horn; Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VI., p. 112 (Conosoma); cinetula Er.: Gen.
Staph., p. 226 (Conurus); corticola Csy.: Cont. Col. N. A. IL, p. 146
(Conurus ).

Oval, strongly convex, rather shining, blackish, the basal margin
of the pronotum very narrowly and the base of the elytra broadly,
rufescent ; antenne infuscate, pale toward base, the eleventh joint
yellowish ; legs pale. Head finely, sparsely punctulate, a little less
than one-half as wide as the prothorax, the antenne rather short
and incrassate, the tenth joint distinctly transverse; last joint
of the maxillary palpi slender, oblique and subulate, but nearly
as long as the third. Prothorax two-thirds wider than long, the
apex three-fifths as wide as the base, the basal angles but slightly
prominent posteriorly and obtusely rounded; disk not punctate
except the minute scars left by fallen hairs. Scutellum large,
the apex not at all rounded. Elytra not quite as long as wide,
distinctly longer than the prothorax, evenly and moderately nar-
rowed from the base, the sculpture rather coarsely but feebly
imbricate. Abdomen gradually and evenly tapering throughout
the length, the erect bristles very short and inconspicuous except
at tip. Length 1.7 mm.; width 1.05 mm.

New York to Virginia and westward. The male has the sixth
ventral broadly and triangularly emarginate at tip, the angle
rounded. The epipleure are horizontal, wide, coarsely pubescent
throughout, and broadly and almost symmetrically excavated
toward base.

4. C. imbricata Csy.—Cont. Deser. and Syst. Col. N. A., IL, p. 148
(Conurus) ; pubescens Horn nec Payk.: Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VI., p. iO be
adeps Zimm. i. litt.

Suboval, rather stout, very strongly convex, blackish through-
out, the elytra generally more or less reddish; legs rufous; an-
tenn blackish except at apex and toward base; punctures of the

440 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

head and pronotum exceedingly minute and occupied almost en-
tirely by the base of the hairs. Head one-half as wide as the pro-
thorax, the antenne rather long, gradually and evenly incrassate
through the last six or seven joints, the penultimate slightly
wider than long. Prothorax nearly one-half wider than long, the
basal angles rather abruptly prominent posteriorly, right and not
distinctly rounded. Elytra not quite as long as wide, somewhat
distinctly longer than the prothorax, perceptibly narrowed from
the base, with the sides very feebly but evenly arcuate, the
disk strongly convex, perfectly even in coloration, somewhat
coarsely and feebly imbricate and minutely, very densely pubes-
cent. Abdomen quite evenly tapering from base to tip, the erect
sete short and inconspicuous except at the apex. Length 2.0-
2.25 mm.; width 1 15-1.3 mm.

New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. The male has a
feeble rounded median sinuation at the apex of the fifth ventral,
the sixth having a deep rounded sinuation at the middle, about
three times as wide as deep and with the external angles very
broadly arcuate. The epipleurz are wide, punctulate and pu-
bescent throughout, subhorizontal and broadly impressed in
about basal half.

This species is allied to the European pubescens, but is more
convex, with more gradually incrassate antennee, and differs also
in coloration and decidedly in sculpture. In pubescens Payk.,
of which I have before me a series carefully determined by Mr.
Reitter, the elytra are smaller and more depressed, and are gener-
ally rufous with the suture and flanks blackish; the antennz are
much more rapidly and strongly incrassate through the outer five
joints, and the penultimate joints are fully as long as wide; the
sinuation of the fifth ventral is much wider and the rounded notch
of the sixth narrower, not more than twice as wide as deep, with
the external angles much less broadly rounded. In the European
species the elytral sculpture is very much finer, denser and less
distinctly imbricate, this being noticeable in all the numerous
Specimens compared, even under the low powers of the hand lens.

The recently published lists of Coleoptera common to Europe
and America have in several cases been carried much too far, and
numerous instances occur, especially in the Staphylinide, where
species closely allied by reason of community of descent have
been regarded as identical; in some cases the species which have

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 441

been thought to be identical are not even particularly closely re-
lated to each other. These mistakes principally refer to the fauna
of eastern North America, the proportion of common forms of the
west coast being much greater. In fact, if we omit the well
known cosmopolitan species and those which have been sporadi-
cally and locally introduced, the fauna of eastern America in-
eludes but a very small actual number of species identical with
their homologues of Europe, and there is no good reason why the
term ‘‘ Nearctic” should not be employed for this region, in con-
tradistinction to “ Palearctic,” which includes Europe, northern
Asia and the west coast of North America. The large number of
identical genera and closely allied species in the Nearctic and
Palearctic faunas shows plainly that they have a common origin,
but there can be no doubt that they are now sufficiently differen-
tiated to warrant a continuation of the distinctive appellations.

5. C. limutloides n. sp.—Suboyal, strongly convex, moderately shining,
blackish throughout, the apices of the ventral segments slightly paler; legs
pale testaceous, the posterior darker; antennz infuscate toward the middle;
pubescence moderately fine, dense and decumbent, dark in color; punctures
of the head and pronotum extremely fine, occupied by the base of the hairs;
those of the elytra not distinct. Head barely one-half as wide as the prothorax,
the epistoma only moderately transverse; antennze extending slightly beyond
the base of the prothorax, very stout and gradually incrassate, the penultimate
joints rather strongly transverse. Prothorax rather elongate, not more than
two-fifths wider than long, the apex about three-fifths as wide as the base;
sides evenly arcuate; basal angles moderately and not very abruptly promi-
nent posteriorly, slightly more than right and not much rounded. Scutellum
large, triangular, slightly wider than long, with the sides very feebly arcuate
and the apex scarcely atall blunt. Elytra not quite as long as wide and but
slightly longer than the prothorax, the sides scarcely visibly convergent from
base to apex and extremely feebly but evenly arcuate; apex very feebly
angulato-emarginate; disk, rather coarsely imbricate, the imbrications feebly
reticulate. Abdomen gradually tapering, the sete very short, sparse and in-
conspicuous except at apex. Length 1.8 mm.; width 1.2 mm.

Iowa.

Readily distinguishable from the preceding, which it strongly
resembles in habitus, by the sexual characters of the male, the fifth
ventral being completely unmodified and the sixth having a broad
shallow apical sinuation, rounded at the bottom and four or five
times as wide as deep; it also differs in its shorter antenne, with
the outer joints much more transverse. The epipleurz are nearly
flat throughout, being feebly impressed only near the base. Three
specimens.

449 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

6. C. velocipes n. sp.—Moderately stout, strongly convex, feebly shin-
ing, blackish, the basal margins of the pronotum and elytra unevenly and
feebly suffused with a paler reddish tint; abdomen paler, red-brown through-
out; legs and antennze rufo-testaceous, the latter paler and more yellowish
toward base and at the eleventh joint; pubescence very fine, dense and plum-
beo-cinereous throughout, the punctures minute and scarcely visible. Head
small, distinctly less than one-half as wide as the prothorax, the epistoma
paler and with more distinct punctulation and reticulation; antennz rather
long, evenly and gradually incrassate through the last six or seven joints; the
ninth scarcely as long as wide, the tenth perceptibly wider than long, eleventh
rather short, somewhat rapidly, obliquely and acutely pointed at apex.
Prothorax nearly three-fifths wider than long, the apex but slightly more than
one-half as wide as the base, the sides evenly and strongly arcuate becoming
parallel toward base, the basal angles gradually and only moderately promi-
nent posteriorly and distinctly rounded. E£lytra nearly one-fourth wider than
long, not at all longer than the prothorax, the sides distinctly convergent but
only very slightly arcuate from base to apex; disk convex, moderately finely
imbricate. Abdomen very evenly and gradually tapering from base to apex,
the erect black sete: long and distinct at the sides throughout, but, as usual,
less numerous toward base. Length 2.0 mm.; width 1.4 mm.

New York (near the city); New Jersey; Virginia (Fredericks-
burg).

This distinct species may be readily known by the ventral
sexual characters of the male, the long black and bristling sete
being very numerous throughout, except broadly along the
median line where the ordinary short pale pubescence becomes
longer, more erect and conspicuous. The sixth ventral has a
triangular nick in median third at apex, the notch nearly three
times as wide as deep and with the angle not rounded, the apex
of the fifth segment arcuately sinuate in the middle. The epi-
pleurze are wide and become gradually nearly glabrous toward
base. This species may be distinguished from ¢tmbricata by its
shorter elytra and long black bristles toward the base of the
abdomen.

~

7. C. castanea Horn—Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VI., p. 111; acutangulum
Fy1., i. litt.

Rather stout, strongly convex, pale brownish-testaceous in
color throughout, minutely and densely pubescent, the punctures
scarcely visible. Length 1.7-1.9 mm.; width 1.1-1.3 mm.

Coast regions of California from Humboldt to Los Angeles; I
obtained three specimens also at Lake Tahoe, which represent a
slightly smaller and narrower variety. The male has a rounded

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 443

sinuation at the apex of the sixth ventral, occupying about median
third and about three times as wide as deep, and the apical mar-
gin of the fifth segment is very feebly sinuate in the middle. The
epipleur are wide, pubescent throughout and broadly, feebly im-
pressed toward base. A female specimen, taken near Monterey
Bay, is blackish throughout but does not seem to differ materially
otherwise.

8. C. virgimiz n. sp.—Stout, strongly convex, feebly shining, the pu-
bescence fine, very dense and plumbeo-cinereous throughout, the punctures
scarcely visible; body pale brownish-testaceous in color, the legs concolorous;
antenne brown, paler and diaphanous toward base, the eleventh joint also
pale. Head small, scarcely two-fifths as wide as the prothorax, the antennze
rather long, very evenly and gradually incrassate through the seven outer
joints, the ninth slightly elongate, the tenth a little wider than long, eleventh
scarcely one-half longer than wide, almost symmetrically and rapidly pointed
at apex. Prothorax one-half wider than long, strongly convex, the sides
strongly and evenly arcuate, becoming parallel toward base; the apex but
slightly more than one-half as wide as the base, the basal angles gradually
and strongly prominent posteriorly, right and slightly blunt. Elytra a little
narrower and but very slightly longer than the prothorax, not quite as long as
wide, the sides distinctly convergent and broadly arcuate from base to apex.
the latter broadly and triangularly emarginate; disk somewhat coarsely but
feebly imbricato-punctulate. Abdomen gradually tapering from the base, the
black setze rather long and conspicuous even ‘toward base. Length 2.1 mm.;
width 1.4 mm.

Virginia (Norfolk).

In the male the sixth ventral has a triangular notch occupying
about median third of the apex and about twice as wide as deep,
with the angle scarcely at all rounded and the sides nearly
straight, and the fifth segment is feebly sinuate in the middle of
the apical margin. The epipleure are moderately wide, deeply
hollowed in more than basal half, pubescent but becoming gradu-
ally glabrous near the base. A single specimen.

9. C, macer n. sp.—Rather narrow, strongly convex, feebly shining, pale
brownish-testaceous throughout, the legs and antennz concolorous, the latter
more flavate at apex and toward base as usual; pubescence very dense, rather
dark in color. | Head nearly one-half as wide as the prothorax, the antennie
moderately long, evenly but rather rapidly incrassate through the five or six
outer joints, the seventh elongate, the ninth and tenth somewhat wider than
long, eleventh oval, stout and very obliquely pointed at apex. Prothorax fully
one-half wider than long, the apex two-thirds as wide as the base; sides
evenly and strongly arcuate; basal angles gradually aud strongly prominent
posteriorly, right and only slightly blunt. Elytra short and transverse, nearly

444 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

one-half wider than long and distinctly shorter than the prothorax; sides eyi-
dently convergent from the base but only very feebly arcuate, the angulate
emargination of the apex exceedingly feeble; disk convex, evenly and not
very finely imbricate, the imbrications pronounced and not reticulate. Abdo-
men rapidly and very evenly tapering throughout, the erect black setz not
evident toward base. Length 1.4-1.6 mm.; width 1.0-1.2 mm.

South Carolina; Virginia (Norfolk).

The male above described has the tip of the sixth ventral
emarginate throughout the width, the notch broadly triangular,
and about three times as wide as deep, with the sides feebly arcu-
ate and the angle narrowly rounded; the fifth ventral is com-
pletely unmodified at apex and without trace of median sinua-
tion. Five specimens.

10. C. bipustulata Grav.—Microp., p. 132 (Tachyporus); bisignata
Horn: Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., VI., p. 110.

Oval, convex, shining, black, each elytron with a large trans-
verse and posteriorly sinuate spot of red at the middle of the
base; legs piceous-brown; antenne infuscate except toward base
and at the apex; pubescence very short, dark in color, rather
dense. Length 2.5 mm.; width 1.6 mm.

Europe, eastward through Asia and along the western coast of
North America to the mountains of California. This species
is remarkable in having no trace of imbricate sculpture on the
elytra and in fact this sculpture, which is universal in the
American species of the preceding group, is frequently sub-
obsolete in this section of the genus; in the present species the
surface is finely punctulate and minutely and transversely stri-
gilato-reticulate. The epipleurze become vertical externally to-
ward base and are glabrous, with the exception of a few hairs
along the inner marginal bead; they do not quite attain the
elytral apex and the external angles of the elytra are rounded.
The basal angles of the prothorax are only feebly produced pos-
teriorly and are rounded.

11. C. basalis Erichs.—Gen. Staph., p. 225 (Conurus); Horn: Tr. Am.
Ent. Soc., VI. p. 111; pulicaria Sachse: Stett. Zeitsch., 1852, p. 120; setifer
Csy.: Cont. Col. N. A., II., p. 147 (Conurus).

Rather narrowly oval, strongly convex, shining, blackish, each
elytron with a large and somewhat indefinite transverse spot of
red at the middle of the base; under surface rufescent, the legs
pale brown; body clothed throughout with rather dense plumbeo-

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 445

cinereous pubescence. Head small, two-fifths as wide as the
prothorax, the antenne rather long and slender, gradually and
very feebly incrassate, the penultimate joint longer than wide.
Prothorax somewhat longer than usual, scarcely one-half wider
than long, rapidly subconical throughout, the sides arcuate, not
becoming parallel at the base, the basal angles rather strongly
prominent posteriorly but distinctly rounded. Elytra slightly
wider than long, equal in length to the prothorax; distinctly
narrowed from the base, the imbrications rather large but feeble,
and subtransversely and finely reticulate. Abdomen very evenly
tapering throughout, the erect black sets long and conspicuous
to the base. Length 1.5 mm.; width 1.05 mm.

New York to Iowa and Texas. <A smalland widely distributed
Species, varying but little in the large series before me. The
male has a large and broadly rounded emargination occupying the
entire apex of the sixth ventral segment, the fifth being com-
pletely unmodified at the apical margin. The epipleurz are
narrow and do not quite attain the rounded apical angles; they
became vertical toward base externally and are practically glab-
rous throughout.

In assigning setifer to opica Say, as a synonym, Dr. Horn
entirely neglected to observe the long bristling sete throughout
the length of the abdomen, which would have shown him its true
position at once, irrespective of the radically different form of
the epipleure.

12. C. occulta Csy.—Cont. Descr. and Syst. Col. N. A., IL, p. 145.
(Conurus ).

Oblong-oval, convex, rather shining, black, the basal margin of
the pronotum very narrowly and the apices of the abdominal
segments paler ; base of the elytra broadly and indefinitely rufes-
cent, less broadly so toward the scutellum; under surface rufo-
piceous, the legs red-brown; pubescence not very dense and un-
usually long, dark fulvo-cinereous in color and conspicuous.
Head somewhat small, much less than one-half as wide as the
prothorax, the antenne gradually incrassate. Prothorax rather
short and wide, fully three-fifths wider than long, the sides
strongly arcuate, very convergent anteriorly but becoming paral-
lel a long distance from the base; basal angles gradually and
only feebly prominent posteriorly and broadly rounded. Elytra

446 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

not quite as long as wide, much longer than the prothorax, dis-
tinctly narrowed behind from the base; external apical angles
right and but slightly rounded; disk coarsely, feebly and imper-
fectly imbricate and finely, subtransversely strigilato-reticulate.
Abdomen with the erect black setze only moderate in length but
distinct to the base. Length 1.8 mm.; width 1.2 mm.

District of Columbia and Massachusetts. This is an isolated
species, in no way closely related to basalts, differing in its larger
size, more transverse and much less conical prothorax, and in its
longer and sparser pubescence. It differs most radically, however,
in the male sexual characters, the fifth ventral in that sex being
broadly sinuate in more than median two-thirds; the sinuation
rounded and about ten times as wide as deep, the sixth segment
having a deep rounded sinuation in about median third. The
epipleurz are rather narrow but extend to the elytral apex, gradu-
ally vertical externally towards base, glabrous but with a few
sparse hairs posteriorly. The two specimens from the last named
locality, since received, do not differ in any way from the original
female type from the District of Columbia.

13. C. crassa Gravy.—Microp. p. 190 (Tachyporus); Er.: Gen. Staph., p.
222. (Conurus);.Horn: Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., VI., p. 110; masta Say, Trans.
Am. Phil. Soc., IV. p. 466 (Tachyporus).

Stout, oval, strongly convex, blackish, the base of the elytra
and basal margin of the pronotum suffusedly rufescent ; abdominal
seginents slightly paler at apex, especially the fifth; base of the
sixth also largely rufous; legs dark rufous; last joint of the an-
tennre yellow; pubescence rather coarse and moderately dense.
Length 2.3-2.7 mm.; width 1.5-1.8 mm.

New York and North Carolina (Asheville) to Wisconsin (Bay-
field). This is a common and widely distributed species of large
size, being much the largest American representative of the genus.
The male has the fifth ventral perfectly simple at apex, the sixth
having a very large and deep, almost circularly rounded emargina-
tion, and there are numerous long black setz on the abdomen
beneath and at the sides as far as the base. The epipleurz are
very narrow, attenuate behind, not attaining the elytral apex,
glabrous and polished throughout and becoming strongly vertical
toward base. The elytral sculpture is not imbricate, each of the
minute punctures having two short divergent lines extending
posteriorly, and the scutellum is parabolic and rounded at tip.

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 447

On attentive observation the structural differences among the
species of Conosoma, as for example between crassa and knoxi,
are, as before remarked, very radical indeed, in spite of the gen-
eral constancy of external form.

14. C. versicolor Csy.—Cont. Descr. and Syst. Col. N. A. II., p. 142
(Conurus ).

Moderately stout, oval, strongly convex, pale piceo-testaceous,
the elytra except toward base and at the apical margin blackish ;
abdomen blackish, paler at apex; integuments rather shining ;
pubescence somewhat dense and fine, dark in color and not very
conspicuous. Head small, much less than one-half as wide as the
prothorax, the latter about one-half wider than long, with the
basal angles but feebly and gradually prominent posteriorly and
rather broadly rounded. Elytra much shorter than wide, equal in
length to the prothorax, distinctly narrowed behind from the
base, the sides evidently arcuate; disk with somewhat sparse
punctures having lineiform appendages as in crassa. Abdominal
setze long, black and conspicuous to the base. Length 1.9 mm. ;
width 1.8 mm.

Pennsylvania (near Philadelphia). This species is allied to
crassa, but is evidently distinct. It is very much smaller than
any example of a very large series of crassa which I have before
me, and differs in antennal structure to a marked and perfectly
decisive degree, this organ being much more rapidly and strongly
incrassate, the tenth joint not or scarcely longer than wide and
tle eleventh very much shorter than in crassa, where its elongate
form constitutes one of the principal distinctive features of the
species in both sexes. It differs, besides, in the much narrower
epistoma. It is still represented by the unique female type.

In the original description of both this species and occulta, I
have obviously underestimated the width of the prothorax in
terms of its length, the deception in relative proportion when
measured by the eye not having occurred to me at that time.

15. C. debilis n. sp.—Oval, strongly convex and slightly shining, dark
castaneous throughout, the legs and antennze paler; pubescence moderately
short and dense, rather dark in color; punctures scarcely visible. Head dis-
tinctly less than one-half as wide as the prothorax, the subulate fourth joint
of the maxillary palpi densely pubescent; antennze rather short, about as long
as the head and prothorax, very gradually and only moderately incrassate, the
ninth joint slightly elongate, tenth as long as wide, the eleventh scarcely one-

448 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

half longer than wide, somewhat obliquely pointed, basal joints each with a
few very long erect black setze near the apex. Prothorax one-half wider than
long, the sides evenly and strongly arcuate, becoming parallel at the base; apex
three-fifths as wide as the base, the basal angles gradually and rather strongly
prominent posteriorly but quite distinctly rounded. Scutellum triangular
with the sides straight and the apex only slightly blunt. Elylra not quite as
long as wide, the suture distinctly longer than the prothorax, evidently nar-
rowed behind from the base, with the sides evenly and feebly arcuate; apex
broadly, angularly emarginate, the outer apical angles rather broadly rounded;
disk somewhat finely imbricate, the imbrications relatively very coarsely re-
ticulate. Abdomen gradually tapering, bristling at the sides with long erect
black setze throughout the length. Length 1.25-1.35 mm.; width 0.85 mm.

North Carolina (Asheville).

The epipleure are narrow, becoming obsolete before the
rounded apical angles of the elytra and gradually vertical exter-
nally toward base; they are glabrous toward base but distinctly
pubescent posteriorly. The epistomal suture is rather abruptly
and posteriorly sinuate in the middle. The sixth ventral segment
of the male has a large deep and triangular emargination, occupy-
ing almost the entire apex, scarcely more than one-half wider than
deep and with the angle slightly rounded. Numerous specimens
are before me differing scarcely at all in size.

16. C. subtilis n. sp.—Oblong-oval, strongly convex, feebly shining, pale
castaneo-testaceous, with the elytra darker; legs, basal parts and apex of the
antenn paler; pubescence moderately short and dense, dark, the sculpture of
the anterior parts very feeble. Head fully one-half as wide as the prothorax,
the antenn about extending to the base of the latter, feebly incrassate, with
the tenth joint somewhat longer than wide; epistomal suture broadly and pos-
teriorly sinuate almost throughout the width. Prothorax fully three-fifths
wider than long, the apex three-fifths as wide as the base; sides evenly and
strongly arcuate, becoming parallel at the basal angles, which are only moder-
ately prominent posteriorly and distinctly rounded. lytra one-fourth wider
than long, the suture equal in length to the prothorax, the sides somewhat
convergent and feebly arcuate from the base; external apical angles broadly
rounded; disk rather closely imbricate, the imbrications frequently crossed by
a fine median line. Abdomen with long coarse and bristling black sete at the
sides from apex to base. Length 1.25-1.35 mm.; width 0.8 mm.

Texas (Austin). *

The male has a large deep and narrowly parabolic emargination
occupying practically the entire apex of the sixth ventral seg-
ment, and distinctly less than twice as wide as deep. The epipleu-
re are nearly as in debilis, but attain the rounded apical angles.

This species is closely allied to debilis, but may be distinguished

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 449

by its narrower form and decidedly shorter elytra; the first two
joints of the antennez bear long black apical setz as in debilis,
but the tip of the abdomen is paler and more acute in subtilis.

17. C. parvula Horn—Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VI., p. 111.

Rather narrowly suboval, convex, shining, castaneous, the an-
tennze somewhat short and incrassate, with the penultimate joint
transverse. Prothorax one-half wider than long, the sides arcu-
ate, becoming parallel toward base, the basai angles obliquely and
moderately prominent posteriorly and only slightly blunt; disk
very coarsely but feebly reticulate. Elytra short, nearly one-half
wider than long, narrowed behind, distinctly shorter than the
prothorax, with the external angles at apex but little rounded and
the disk very coarsely imbricate. Abdomen rapidly tapering, the
long black setz apparently obsolete toward base. Length 1.15
mm.; width 0.7 mm.

North Carolina. This is the smallest species of the genus, and
is very distinct from the two preceding in its coarse imbricate
sculpture and very short elytra. The epipleure are narrow, entire,
becoming gradually and moderately deeply vertical externally to-
ward base, and are slightly pubescent posteriorly. The male has
a large triangular emargination at the apex of the sixth ventral,
the notch more than twice as wide as deep and with the angle
narrowly rounded.

18. C. scripta Horn—Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VI., p. 112.

Stout and suboval, very strongly convex, polished, rather
sparsely clothed with coarse fulvo-cinereous hairs; body pale
brownish-testaceous in color throughout, the pronotum some-
times slightly clouded and the elytra with a blackish nubilate de-
sign. Length 1.3-1.5 mm.; width 0.95-1.0 mm.

Rhode Island and New York. This species can be instantly
recognized by the long black setz at the sides of the elytra,
the setz being also more developed on the abdomen at the
sides throughout than in any other member of the genus, and
there are, besides, four series along the under surface of the
abdomen. The epipleurz are narrow, entire, and only slightly
vertical externally toward base, but they differ from the forms
prevailing in the preceding section of the genus in being com-
pletely glabrous. The elytral punctures are rather sparse and
distinct, feebly asperate, each with two short divergent lines,

2

450 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

the sculpture not being imbricate but finely and subtransversely
reticulate. The antenne are unusually short. The two speci-
mens before me are females.

TROGOPHLEEHUS Mann.

The species allied to stmplarius constitute a small group in
which the sexual differences in bodily form and habitus become
extreme, the male being very much stouter than the female and
with the head and prothorax conspicuously larger. The three
known to me may be distinguished as follows by the males :—

Eyes large, at much less than their own length from the prothorax; pronotum
finely and extremely densely punctate, with a very narrow impunctate
median line.

Sides of the prothorax parallel in apical half............. Simplarius Lec.
Sides of the prothorax convergent from the middle to the apex ( fallax Csy. © )
pallidulus Csy.

Eyes small, at their own length from the base; pronotum finely and sparsely
punctate toward the middle, with a broad impunctate median area.

salicola n. sp.

The eyes are of about the same size in both sexes, and are
therefore larger in proportion to the size of the head in the female
than in the male. The inner apical angles of the elytra are nar-
rowly rounded.

T. salicola.—Very stout, parallel, rather convex, somewhat shining,
deep black throughout; antennze piceous; legs black, the tibize toward baseand
apex and tarsi paler; pubescence fine, very short and dense but dark in color
and only moderately conspicuous. Head triangular, as wide as long, impressed
within the antennal prominences, finely punctate, sparsely so toward the mid-
dle, more densely scabro-reticulate and dull toward the sides; antennz moder-
ate in length, the second joint as long as the next two; basal joint elongate
and contorted. Prothorax distinctly wider than the head, two-fifths wider
than long, the sides subparallel and feebly arcuate in apical half, strongly con-
vergent from the middle to the base, the latter scarcely more than two-thirds
as wide as the apex, which is broadly, evenly arcuate; disk almost even, with
scarcely a trace of impressions. £/ytra distinctly wider than long, two-fifths
longer and a little wider than the prothorax, impressed at each side of the
suture toward base, finely, closely punctate and somewhat scabriculate. Ab-
domen slightly narrower than the elytra, the sides parallel and feebly arcuate,
the surface coarsely and strongly reticulate, finely, not densely punctate and
clothed moderately densely with longer and stiffer pubescence. Length 2.8
mm.; width 0.7-0.8 mm.

Utah (Great Salt Lake). Hubbard and Schwarz.

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 451

The description, except the measurements, refers to the male,
the female being much narrower, the prothorax apparently having
but slightly more than one-half the bulk, with the sides more con-
vergent in apical half, the disk more densely punctate and the
wide impunctate line better defined.

It is probable that these three species are descended from a com-
mon ancestor, inhabiting the regions east of the Rocky Moun-
tains at the time when the Great Salt Lake basin was occupied
by a large body of fresh water ; as this lake retreated and became
more and more saline, salicola became correspondingly different.
from the types represented by simplarius and pallidulus.

CUCUJID&.

MURMIDIIN®.

Another new genus, very different from any previously known,
but apparently assignable to this isolated group of monotypic
genera, has recently been discovered, and the genus Mychocerus,
which was unknown to me in nature when I last referred to the
subject (Col. Not. II., p. 8321), is now amply represented before
me. With this new material, it becomes sufficiently evident that
greater weight must be given these interesting structural types
than I previously supposed, and, instead of constituting a mere
tribe of Colydiine, it is probable that they should more properly
form a group subequivalent in value to the Colydiide, if we view
the latter as a family, or to the Colydiinz, if we consider these a
subfamily of the Cucujidee, as formerly suggested by the writer
(Col. Not., II., p. 496). This course is also in harmony with the
views of DuVal, who proposed a distinct family for Murmidius.

The new genus, referred to above, differs very greatly from all
the others in having the fourth joint of the maxillary palpi cylin-
drical and elongate, fully as wide as the preceding and aflixed
closely to its apex throughout the width; but the anterior coxze
are small, globular, and have their cavities widely open behind
and closed by the mesosternum. It also differs in not having an-
tennal fosse; but the agreement in many respects is such as to
strongly suggest the Murmidius group of genera as its nearest
allies. The present opportunity may also be taken to correct a
serious error, quoted from the books in my previous work, in

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., VIII., July, 1895.—32

452 Coleopter ological Notices, VI.

regard to Mychocerus, the legs in that genus being perfectly free
and not retractile.

The principal distinctive features of the Murmidiinz are the
very small oval body, the widely separated coxee, the somewhat
elongate basal segment of the abdomen, the ten-jointed antennz
and the small deep coxal cavities, closed behind by the meso-
sternum, although I have not examined the Colydiinz very thor-
oughly for the purpose of determining the weight of the latter
character as a distinguishing feature.

The four tribes may be briefly characterized as follows :—
Antennal cavities present; last joint of the maxillary palpi slender and acicu-

late.

The cavities large, shallow and completely on the under surface; labrum
triangular, with the apex acutely incised; legs partially retractile; pro-
sternal lobe: Short; %ii-c-sacensccescsareescren ese tevien a seen deer eseee ee LAPETHINI

The cavities at the apical angles of the prothorax, visible in front but not
from above; labrum short and transverse; legs free; prosternal lobe not
concealinoathemrophi mime pose -esteseseesceseecescete ss eeceeeees MYCHOCERINI

The cavities at the apical angles and wholly visible from above; labrum
probably very short and transverse; legs strongly retractile; prosternal
lobe large, completely concealing the labrum and mouth parts in repose.

MURMIDIINI

Antennal cavities wanting; last joint of the maxillary palpi elongate and as wide
as the preceding; labrum truncate; prosternal lobe short; legs free; anterior
coxze much less widely separated ............-<c.s.ssecscecscrossceosees EUPSILOBIINI

In Cerylon the anterior coxal cavities are completely closed be-
hind by the broad fusion of the propleurz and intercoxal pro-
cess, but in Philothermus the cavities are open behind. Philo-
thermus will therefore form a distinct tribe uniting the Mur-
midiinz with the Colydiine through the Cerylonini, and might
be provisionally attached to the former; in general facies it is
strikingly intermediate between Cerylon and Lapethus. The
mentum in Philothermus is slightly elongate-oval, with a strong
elevation in the form of an acute triangle, and the 11-joimted anten-
ne have a strong 2-jointed club, the joints being perfectly free.

LAPETHINI.

This tribe consists at present of the single genus Lapethus
(Col. Not., II., p. 817), having the prosternal process rather long,
broadly rounded at apex and received, on nearly a common level,
ina broad emargination of the mesosternum; prosternum very

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 453

widely separating the cox and without elevated lines, the ante-
rior lobe short and not concealing the mouth parts. Antennal
excavations large and inferior, the antenne ten-jointed, with the
two basal joints large, the third elongate, the club large, oval,
compressed and composed of three closely amalgamated joints,
as indicated by the pubescent rings. Elytra seriately punctate,
the epipleure excavated at base. Met-episterna long, narrow,
gradually wider anteriorly and a little more strongly dilated pos-
teriorly, the suture fine, the surface punctate; met-epimera obso-
lete. Mentum elongate, well developed and strongly carinate
along the median line.

Dr. Sharp, in the “ Biologia,” has regarded some Mexican ex-
amples as conspecific with Z. discretus, but considering the habits
of this species,and the fact that members of the true Pacific coast
fauna seldom extend into Mexico, it is possible that they may in
reality represent an allied but distinct species.

MyYcHOCERINI.

In this tribe the prosternal lobe is short, broadly truncate and
does not conceal the trophi in repose, the mentum very minute,
the fourth palpal joint slender and as long as the third; antennz
with the two basal joints large, the club small, solid, scarcely at
all compressed, cylindro-ovoidal, obtuse at apex and apparently
composed of two completely amalgamated joints, the second
forming the more densely pubescent terminal portion. Antennal
cavities small, deep, apical and not visible from above. Labrum
short and broadly rounded, the epistoma very large, with the
suture fine but distinct. Met-episterna very narrow, the suture
fine but more visible than in Murmidius. Legs completely free,
the epipleurz not at all excavated.

The two genera may be distinguished as follows :—

Prosternum flat, with two distant and parallel ridges not attaining the apex,
the process very short and broad, abutting on a common level with the me-
sosternum along a transversely rectilinear line; elytra seriately punctate;
Sena AROHS EC ecto ance ioe na se ineraaes anowab hes adlsireshewesn< ove dee Mychocerus

Prosternum transversely convex, with two very fine, distant, elevated and an-
teriorly diverging lines not quite attaining the apex, the process very short,
extending under the advanced and rounded beaded lobe of the mesoster-
num; elytra without trace of serial punctures, the body much more elon-
ALC“ OV Ale AN GN CONV C Sars sas a se seis ne elvisisicin@ n'a schekjejsteieelecietealele on] e cia amelemoinielgs Botrodus

454 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

In Botrodus the fifth and sixth joints of the antenne are ap-
parently slightly dilated. The type and only species of Mycho-
cerus known to me is I. depressus Lec., which occurs rarely in
the District of Columbia and in Ohio. Botrodus estriatus Csy.
occurs in Texas. The species recently described from Mexico
by Mr. Lewis I have not seen.

MURMIDIINI.

The small and possibly cosmopolitan species known under the
name Murmidius ovalis Beck., differs profoundly from the two
preceding genera in a number of structural features, and demands
a distinct tribe. The prosternum has two strongly elevated par-
allel lines not attaining the apex, the anterior lobe being very
large, rounded, evenly continuous with the sides of the prothorax
and completely concealing all the mouth parts and labrum in re-
pose; intercoxal process short and broad, extending under the
broad and advanced mesosternal process. Antennal cavities small,
deep, apical, superior and completely visible only from above.
Epistoma very large, the suture fine. [Legs strongly retractile,
the epipleurze with a deep crural excavation at base and another
near the middle. Met-episterna extremely narrow but not con-
cealed by the epipleurz, the suture very fine and feeble. Elytra
seriately punctate.

I am unable to observe the labrum, trophi or antennze in the
three specimens in my cabinet.

EUPSILOBIINI.

The general characters of this tribe are included in the follow-
ing description of the only genus thus far discovered :—

EUPSILOBIUS 1. gen.

Body almost evenly elliptical and strongly convex, the elytra
devoid of punctured series, the scutellum small but distinct,
transverse and broadly rounded behind; edges of the pronotum
acute and subvertical, with the marginal bead extremely fine and
flat, the hypomera beneath broadly concave. Maxillary palpi
with the fourth joint long, cylindrical, obtusely pointed, as wide
as the third and longer than the three basal joints combined ;
labial palpi shorter but much stouter, the second joint transverse,
the third broad, oval and compressed, Ligula large, broad, cor-

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 455

neous, with the palpal foramina large and approximate; remain-
ing mouth parts not clearly visible in the type. Mandibles small.
Labrum short, transverse, truncate, the epistoma short and small,
with the suture fine. Eyes small and coarsely faceted. Antennze
moderately developed, ten-jointed, the first two moderately large
and subequal, the following six small, narrow, compactly joined,
the funicle bent at its middle point; club very abrupt, rather
large, broad, only slightly longer than wide, oval, strongly com-
pressed, composed of two joints which are apparently free but
closely joined, the first transversely lunate and wider than the
second, the latter transversely oval, fitting in the hollow of the
first; antennz not received in excavations except the funicle,
which may be received in the deep cleft separating the prosternal
lobe from the hypomera. Prosternum small, without raised lines,
rather narrow between the coxe, the latter separated by less than
their own width, their small and deep cavities closed behind by
the mesosternum, the process very short, extending partially
under the broad and slightly advanced, rounded and finely beaded
mesosternal lobe; apical lobe short, truncate and only partially
concealing the mouth parts in repose. Middle cox widely, the
posterior very remotely separated. Metasternum and first ven-
tral segment with very feeble oblique coxal lines; met-episterna
moderately narrow, long and parallel. Abdomen composed of
five segments, the last four short and subequal, the first nearly
as long as the next three combined; sutures perfectly rectilinear
from side to side. Legs short, completely free, the femora stout,
oval, partially receiving the tibiz, the latter short, sublaminate
and rounded externally ; tarsi moderate in length, four-jointed,
the three basal joints short; claws small, slender and arcuate ;
trochanters laminate. Epipleurz moderate in width, flat, horizon-
tal, gradually and finely attenuate behind, the outer margin de-
scending very slightly below the level of the inner at the base.

The advancement of a rounded and beaded mesosternal lobe is
a character peculiarly distinctive of the Phalacride, and the gen-
eral habitus of the body in the present genus also suggests that
family, but the resemblance goes no further.

E. politus n. sp.—Pale testaceous throughout, strongly shining, the
upper surface throughout minutely and sparsely punctate, each puncture bear-
ing a very fine short and decumbent hair. Head very strongly transverse, a
little more than one-half as wide as the prothorax, received closely within a

456 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

_transverse emargination of the prothorax ; antennal foveze extremely remotely
separated, very near the eyes and represented from above by small emargina-
tions, the eyes in contact with the advanced apical angles of the prothorax ;
antenne not as long as the width of the head. Prothoraw short and strongly
transverse, about three times as wide as long, the sides strongly convergent
and feebly arcuate from the base, the advanced apical angles rounded ; basal
angles slightly more than right and not distinctly rounded ; base broadly
arcuate. Elytra about as long as wide, evenly oval, the sides continuous in
curvature with those of the prothorax, the suture about three times as long as
the latter and margined with a fine feeble line which becomes obsolete near
the base. Hind wings well developed. Length 1.0 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

Florida (Dry Tortugas). Mr. H. F. Wickham.

It is probable that this species will prove to be widely distrib-
uted through the West Indies, and by no means confined to the
small sandy islet near Key West. I have before me a single
rather ill-conditioned specimen.

MELY RID 4.

After careful study of the considerable material in my cabinet,
I can see no cause to doubt the soundness of Motschulsky’s
opinion (Bull. Mose., 1859, p. 388) that the melyrides should con-
stitute a family distinct from the Malachiide; their entire habitus
is different, and the most important of the special peculiarities of
the Malachiide, viz., the extensible vesicles, is completely un-
known among them; their integuments, furthermore, are hard and
thick, and resemble those of the Cleridz rather than the Mala-
chiide. The Melyridz constitute a moderately large family,
which is so homogeneous that it is difficult to find many valid
characters to define even the genera, and the groups higher than
genera are very few in number. The species are exceedingly
abundant west of the 100th meridian, and increase in number and
variety to the westward, following the same law as the Hetero-
mera, except that they are relatively more abundant perhaps in
the true Pacific coast fauna. The family is essentially subarctic,
and is very poorly represented south of our Mexican boundary.

It is not necessary to allude in the present preliminary essay to
the general structural details of the family,as these are given
with sufficient fullness in many systematic works, and also be-
cause all those structures which, by reason of diversification ap-
parently afford efficient means of grouping the species, are men-

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 457

tioned in the tables given below or in the notes under the various
generic headings. It should be stated, however, that the reason
for the enormous proportion of new species here proposed, is to
be found in the fact that the family has been almost totally neg-
lected by systematists in this country for about thirty years,
and that at the date of the last synopsis by LeConte, the extreme
western country, where these forms particularly abound, had been
scarcely explored in even a superficial manner. A very large
number of new species will still have to be described by future
investigators, for, at the present time every collection, however
small, made in those regions with their numerous local faunas, is
made up to a considerable extent of nondescripts.
The Melyridz may be divided into two very unequal subfam-
ilies, as follows :—
Maxillary palpi cylindrical, the fourth joint pointed; eyes finely faceted and
nude; tarsi with short stiff and inconspicuous hairs beneath..... MELYRINZ
Maxillary palpi longer and much more developed, with the last joint
large and triangular; eyes very coarsely faceted and setose; tarsi with long
CenSe PhalTs wOENEALME. ge eecccicetissescascer re semeseciaeesess cess <lesiet oie ti RHADALIN©
The second of these subfamilies is composed at present of only
two species, constituting the genus Rhadalus of LeConte, while
the first probably numbers several hundred in the United States
alone.

MELYRIN.

The Melyrinz can be divided into two tribes, which however
possess rather less than the usual tribal weight, as follows :—

Basal joint of the tarsi longer than the second, the tarsal claws generally

AP PEM MICULALE ena rete macsent siete cadeldset dunavacneseeagacetse casiguvanssvegaenss DASYTINI
Basal joint shghtly shorter than the second; tarsal claws not appendiculate.
MELYRINI

DASYTINI.

In distributing the multitudinous species of this tribe among
numerous genera, the principal taxonomic elements employed re-
fer, first, to the form, extent and position of the elytral epipleure,
their plane being either horizontal, reflexed or inflexed, that is
turned upward externally or internally respectively ; secondly, to
the extent and conformation of the submembranous ungual ap-
pendages, and thirdly, to the presence or absence of external
spines on the anterior tibiz. Other characters are occasionally

458 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

employed to isolate certain aberrant forms, as may be seen from
the following table :—

Elytral epipleure distinctly defined, at least toward base.............c.0eeeeeeeneee 2
Miviral epipleurse) completely obsolebesy-casrercce- resets eeteee ce eeecer eet eer eee 13
*2—Epistoma obsolete, the frontal edge finely beaded throughout the width.
Pristoscelis
Epistoma distinct and generally well developed...................s.esseseceecerereeeees 3

3—Ungual appendages mutually equal or nearly so, variable in development...4
Ungual appendages extremely unequal, the inner long and attached to the
claw nearly throughout its length, the outer very rudimentary or alto-
gether obsolete; pronotum constantly with a submarginal excavated

Vi M Gossett sc5 sioraiede vistas eu eisnns versie esti owetiocece sme usiee@ sebets chinese sie reiocie sstie eee eee eee een 11
Ungual appendages completely obsolete on both Claws .............:scsseeeeeeeeees 12
A4—The appendages attached to the claws nearly throughout their own

IGst¥EA 1 dogneeconGoesoodesasoesucddbos 0c 00D AdoObadDScoadaDanLoCOoRTeasDISHaNDocboaboTONODOD DUES 5
The appendages detached and free nearly throughout their length, but well

developed and as longvas the ClaiwSoe.- es: «stise secs seco secre eee ee eee 10
2#—Appendages well developed, as long as the claws or very nearly.............. 6
Appendaces very Shorb and cuGimMenbaliyjecessereeeceaseressiceeenceketnsseces a seeeeeeee 9
G— Anterior tibize beset externally with stout spinules................eeeeeeeeeeee es 7
Anterior tibiz devoid of spinules, or with the latter few in number and very

Slender ein. jacsssedacscsumotacena ese uses coeinete eemeicleae reteiisehceoeOeneenee tenet eeeeeeee 8

4—FEpipleure broad and horizontal, abruptly vanishing at or very near the
elytral apex.

Apical angles of the prothorax anteriorly prominent.............. Eudasytes
Atpicalfanolesim O bap ro mina eMibeerencs eke skcseersee ese ee ease ee cetere Asydates

Epipleurz narrow, wider toward base, more or less strongly reflexed in plane
throughout their length.
Antenne short and not pilose.

Side margins of the prothorax not serrate...............+5 Trichochrous
SIdewMaAarcims StrOon oly SEULALe reese snesecese se ceee ese eeeeee eee Cradytes
Antenne long, strongly serrate and clothed with long sparse and fiexible
1g UES pS aR enc O NOE Renae Grae tarnEaes taco Do acacoomene daséaoboacooraacosedadc Sydatopsis

S—Ungual appendages slightly abbreviated and unequal, acutely pointed, the
antennze long and strongly serrate; tibize with slender setiform spinules.
Sydates
Ungual appendages generally fully as long as the claws ; tibize without spin-
ules, except occasionally and inconspicuously in Listrus.
Prothorax broadly constricted near the apex...............5 Listromimus
Prothorax not at all constricted anteriorly.
Pronotum without a submarginal line.
Prothorax not dilated and serrulate at the sides toward base.
Adasytes
Prothorax dilated posteriorly and minutely serrulate at the sides.
Listrus

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 459

Pronotum with a submarginal delimiting line; species very small.

Dasytellus
9—Pronotum with a submarginal line delimiting a lateral rugose area.
Dasytes
Pronotum without trace of a submarginal line or lateral rugose area.
Dasytastes

10—Prothorax constricted near the apex and with a submarginal excavated
line; plane of the epipleurze gradually inflexed toward apex.

Eschatocrepis

11—£pipleure wide, horizontal, abruptly vanishing near the elytral apex;
OMB? Tee TRAIIE coco emesecocceodoacacbccoopanncooqeaon anaagonccoodaséooueceanHacec. Allonyx
Epipleurz rather wide, horizontal throughout, gradually narrowed poste-
riorly; body cuneiform; head somewhat elongate ....................6+ Vectura
Epipleure wide, gradually narrowed and inflexed in plane toward apex;
MOUIYRCUMETLOTIM Seria sta cwcac cscs te cctees cilsine acioisieinnie stciemiers eels sl Pseudallonyx

Epipleure narrow, gradually very feebly defined and obsolete along the ex-
ternal flanks posteriorly ; body subparallel and narrower in form.
Leptovectura
12—Head elongate; pronotum without a submarginal line.....Wecomycter
13—Pronotum without a submarginal line; ungual appendages unequal.
Dolichosoma

This grouping is not altogether satisfactory, because of the
proportionally large number of species comprised in only two or
three of the twenty genera, and also for the reason that several of
the genera now represented by single species have no very great
individuality of habitus, and are to be distinguished by not more
than one or two really radical differential characters; but I am
unable to devise a more consistent or natural classification at the
present time.

PRISTOSCELIS Lec.

The species described by LeConte under the name Prisfoscelis
grandiceps, offers so many points of divergence from the typical
forms of Trichochrous that we are compelled to suggest its gen-
eric isolation. The epistoma, for example, is wholly obsolete,
the apical margin of the front being finely beaded continuously
from side to side; the labrum is relatively very small and strongly
transverse, and the mandibles long and stout, the eyes small,
prominent and very distant from the base, and the epipleure nar-
row but horizontal, the edges of the elytra being distinctly re-
flexed. The ungual appendages are as long as the claws and sub-
equal, but the inner is detached from the claw through outer third
of its length.

460 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

1. P. grandiceps Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1866, p. 355.

Parallel, moderately convex, highly polished, black, the elytra
piceous-black; femora and tarsi dark rufo-ferruginous, the tibize
infuscate except toward base; antennz piceous-black, testaceous
toward base; pubescence very sparse, subcinereous and suberect,
interspersed throughout the upper surface with numerous very
long, erect and bristling black sete. Head large, about as wide
as the prothorax in the male, polished, though very obsoletely
reticulate, convex, minutely and sparsely punctate; frontal im-
pressions very large, deep and remotely separated; eyes convex
and prominent, the sides of the neck strongly convergent behind
them; antenne well developed, nearly one-half longer than the pro-
thorax, feebly serrate, joints six to ten subsimilar, feebly transverse
and but slightly incrassate. Prothorax three-fifths wider than
long, the sides strongly rounded just behind the middle, equally
convergent and nearly straight thence to apex and base, all the
angles obtuse and blunt but traceable; apex and base equal and
equally arcuato-truncate; disk minutely and remotely punctate,
perfectly smooth and polished to the extreme edges. Elytra but
slightly more than one-half longer than wide, equal in width to
the prothorax, parallel and straight at the sides, evenly and not
very obtusely rounded at apex, rather coarsely and sparsely punc-
tate. Length 3.7 mm.; width 1.3 mm.

California. A remarkably distinct species, described above
from the male. I have not seen the female, which may differ
greatly in the size of the head. The male sexual characters at the
abdominal apex are very simple, the fifth segment being rather
narrowly truncate at tip.

EUDASYTES nb. gen.

The three species which it seems advisable to separate from
Trichochrous under this name, do not form a very distinctly
characterized genus, and differ only in having the epipleure
rather wide, flat and horizontal, and the lateral margins of the
elytra narrowly reflexed, this being a consequence of the epipleu-
ral structure. Still, if we regard epipleural structure as one of
the few important taxonomic elements in this tribe, it will cer-
tainly be necessary to form of these species a genus different from
Trichochrous, and, after all, when we compare the structure of

Culeopterological Notices, VI. 461

the thoracic apex with the same part in Cradytes, where the
apical angles so prominent here are completely obliterated and
rounded, and the central portion of the apex correspondingly ad-
vanced, it would seem impossible to retain them all in the same
generic group. The prominent apical angles of Hudasytes reap-
pear feebly, however, in certain species of Trichochrous, and, in
EHudasytes ursinus these angles are rounded and but slightly ad-
vanced; but, from the standpoint of epipleural structure, this spe-
cies would have to form a subgenus of Eudasytes, showing that
there may really be some correlation between the structure of the
epipleure and form of the apical angles, at least in this particular
genus.

The three species differ much among themselves and may be
readily known as follows :—

Vestiture pale; apical angles of the prothorax strongly advanced and not or
scarcely rounded; epipleurze remaining horizontal to the extreme apex;

legs pale.
Basal angles of the prothorax not prominent; erect setze of the elytra very
SOLE MOC yammUch pLOaderieasnsss ccc -cckhicieceo-kiececseceeeliiace<cieees lamplus

Basal angles laterally prominent ; erect sete long; body more elongate.
2 oblongus
Vestiture blackish; apical angles feebly produced anteriorly and rounded;
plane of the epipleurze inflexed toward apex; legs black .........3 UPrSimus

As far as known the species are distributed through the arid
region extending from Utah to southern California, and probably
do not occur in the true Pacific coast fauna.

1. Eu. amplus n. sp.—Oblong, very stout, rather strongly convex, pol-
ished, black, without distinct metallic lustre; legs pale, rufo-ferruginous, the
coxze, tibiz and tarsi slightly obscure; femora slightly piceous along the upper
edge; antennze piceous, blackish toward apex; pubescence short, sparse, coarse
and cinereous, intermixed with very short and more erect pale hairs; marginal
cilia pale, moderate in length. Head slightly more than one-half as wide as
the prothorax, smooth, convex, finely and rather closely punctate, the im-
pressions long and distinct, confluent at apex behind a distinctly elevated
frontal margin; epistoma long, truncate, pale and coriaceous; labrum long,
blackish, rounded; eyes rather largeand somewhat prominent; antennze rather
distinctly shorter than the prothorax, feebly incrassate, the penultimate joints
transverse, fifth scarcely preceptibly dilated. Prothorax large and convex,
fully three-fourths wider than long, the sides parallel and just visibly arcuate,
becoming gradually strongly, evenly arcuate and convergent near the apex,
theapical angles greatly advanced anteriorly, right and scarcely at all rounded,
apex much narrower than the base, deeply emarginate, transverse between the

462 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

angles; base broadly arcuate, oblique and straight toward the basal angles,
which are obtuse but not at all rounded, and with a thick confusedly punctate
bead; disk finely, sparsely punctate, smooth and polished, only very feebly
rugulose near the sides. Elytra scarcely more than one-third longer than wide,
a little wider than the prothorax and somewhat more than twice as long, par-
allel, the sides feebly arcuate, becoming straight near the base; disk obliquely
narrowed at apex, each elytron rounded; lateral margins reflexed ; punctures
fine and rather sparse. Abdomen more densely cinereo-pubescent. Length
3.8 mm.; width 1.9 mm.

California.

The description refers to a single female type from an unre-
corded part of the State. The epipleure are rather wide, sub-
horizontal, polished and impunctate, becoming inwardly arcuate
at tip and vanishing only at the beginning of the rounded apical
angles. It is probable that the male will be found to differ con-
siderably in general form.

2. Eu. oblongus n. sp.—Oblong, stout, strongly convex, polished, black,
without metallic lustre, the elytra somewhat piceous; legs pale rufo-ferrugin-
ous throughout, the cox dark; antenne rufo-testaceous, blackish toward apex
and also at the inner extremities of the intermediate joints ; pubescence cin-
ereous, subdecumbent, long and very sparse anteriorly, rather dense and inter-
mingled with sparse erect pale sete throughout on the elytra, the head with
a few bristling setee; marginal cilia long and rather confused. Head scarcely
more than three-fifths as wide as the prothorax, smooth, finely, sparsely punc-
tate, the impressions long and pronounced, extending almost to the occiput;
epistoma somewhat short; labrum moderate, rounded; eyes rather large, mod-
erately convex; antennz stout, serrate, incrassate, moderate in length, the
penultimate joints strongly transverse. Prothorax three-fifths wider than long,
the sides very slightly convergent and extremely feebly arcuate from base to
apex, the basal angles nearly right, not rounded and distinctly prominent
laterally; apical angles prominent anteriorly, acute and not in the least blunt;
apex slightly narrower than the base, broadly, arcuately emarginate; base very
feebly arcuate toward the middle; disk minutely and remotely punctate, not
in the least rugose near the sides. Elytra two-fifths longer than wide, not
wider than the prothorax, parallel and straight at the sides, broadly rounded
at apex, each elytron narrowly truncate, with the sutural angle blunt; disk
narrowly reflexed at the lateral margins, rather finely but strongly and some-
what closely punctured. Abdomen a little more densely cinereo-pubescent.
Length 2.9-4.8 mm.; width 1.4-2.2 mm.

Utah (southwestern). Mr. C. J. Weidt.
The male described has the fifth ventral truncate at apex, the

genital segment flat, finely canaliculate along the middle and
sinuato-truncate at apex and the inner spur of the anterior and

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 463

middle tibiz moderately dilated, the anterior tibiz and tarsi un-
modified. The female has the head about one-half as wide as the
prothorax, the latter three-fourths wider than long and still quite
as wide as the elytra, with the sides rounded and convergent near
the apex,and the elytra somewhat more than one-half longer than
wide. The individuals vary greatly in size independently of sex.
Six specimens.

The epipleure are flat, horizontal, polished and glabrous, cury-
ing inward posteriorly and ending at the narrow apical trunca-
ture.

3. Eu. ursinus n. sp.—Oblong, stout, strongly convex, polished, intense
black throughout, without metallic lustre; legs and antennz black; vestiture
rather long, sparse, blackish, intermixed with numerous long erect black
sete, especially abundant on the elytra; marginal cilia black, long but some-
what fimbriform. Head but slightly more than one-half as wide as the pro-
thorax, smooth, finely and sparsely punctate, the impressions moderate in size
and distinctness; epistoma rather short, dark; labrum strongly rounded, grad-
ually slightly pale toward tip; eyes large but not very prominent; antennie
stout, one-third longer than the prothorax, distinctly incrassate toward tip, the
penultimate joints transverse, fifth scarcely dilated. Prothorax very nearly
twice as wide as long, the sides parallel and very feebly arcuate, slightly con-
vergent and more arcuate near the deflexed apical angles, which are but slightly
prominent anteriorly and somewhat broadly rounded, basal angles slightly ob-
tuse and distinct, not rounded; apex subequal to the base, truncate; base
broadly arcuate; disk strongly convex, finely, remotely punctate. Elytra
scarcely more than one-half longer than wide, equal in width to the prothorax,
parallel and straight at the sides, evenly and not broadly rounded at apex, the
sutural angles not very blunt; disk narrowly reflexed along the side margins,
rather coarsely and sparsely punctate, the interspaces polished. Abdomen
moderately densely clothed with short plumbeo-cinereous pubescence. Length
3.0-3.2 mm.; width 1.4 mm.

Southern California.

This species may be recognized by its black color and long
hispid black setw. The description is drawn from the male, in
which sex the fifth ventral is but little longer than the fourth,
slightly trapezoidal and truncate at apex. The female differs
only slightly, the elytra being fully three-fifths longer than wide
and somewhat wider than the prothorax, the sides of the latter
more arcuate; the head is fully as large or even somewhat larger,
when compared with the prothorax, in the female than in the
male. Two specimens.

The epipleurz are flat and horizontal, and, at the apex, have
their plane turned somewhat inward and upward.

464 Culeopterological Notices, VI.

ASYDATES 0b. gen.

This genus differs but slightly from Trichochrous, but the
small prothorax and broad subdepressed elytra, which are nar-
rowly reflexed at the sides, give to the two species which at pres-
ent compose it, a facies which is quite peculiar and distinctive;
the general habitus is in fact intermediate in some respects be-
tween Trichochrous and the genera allied to Allonyx. The epi-
pleure are broad and flat, and this character distinguishes it at
once from Trichochrous, although in other structural features it
is virtually similar. The epipleurz are relatively altogether as
as wide as in Eudasytes, or even wider; they do not, however,
follow the apical curve of the elytra as in that genus, but become
abruptly obsolete at a greater distance from the apex. The spe-
cies are mutually very distinct in appearance and may be thus
distinguished :—

Pubescence coarse and rather dense, not intermingled with erect hairs; abdomen

ONGITely TEM: cee -.cesctacslatpnae sesenseote spe oeees tae weeae eeseee eee eee 1 rufiventris
Pubescence fine and very sparse, intermixed with short but inconspicuous
erect hairs; abdomen red, blackish near the base............ 2 explanatus

It is probable that this genus is local and confined to the coast
regions of California near Santa Barbara and Los Angeles, a
faunal region which is known to support a considerable propor-
tion of endemic forms.

1. A. rufiventris n. sp.—Oblong, suboval, broad and subdepressed,
black, with a strong zeneous lustre; elytral apices, abdomen and legs through-
out pale rufous; antenne darker, testaceous, blackish toward apex; integu-
ments strongly shining; pubescence rather coarse, long and somewhat dense,
closely decumbent, pale fulvous and very conspicuous, without trace of inter-
mixed erect setae; marginal cilia short, dense and fimbriform, longer on the
elytra. Head two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, nearly smooth, very obso-
letely reticulate, finely, sparsely punctate; impressions feeble and widely
separated; epistoma very short and broad; labrum short, subtruncate at apex;
eyes large but not prominent, nearly attaining the base; antennz but little
longer than the prothorax, feebly serrate, slightly incrassate, the penultimate
joints transverse. Prothorax three-fifths wider than long, widest just visibly
behind the middle, the sides subparallel and strongly rounded; apex arcuato-
truncate, slightly narrower than the base; all the angles very obtuse and more
or less rounded; disk finely, sparsely punctate, the interspaces smooth, not
rugose laterally. £lytra scarcely two-fifths longer than wide and nearly one-
half wider than the prothorax, the sides subparallel and nearly straight; apex
almost evenly and not obtusely rounded; humeri broadly exposed at base;

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 465

lateral edges reflexed; punctures not very coarse but strong and rather sparse;
edges toward apex finely serrulate. Abdomen not very densely but coarsely
cinereo-pubescent. Length 2.7 mm.; width 1.25 mm.

California (Santa Barbara).

The male type has the fifth ventral distinctly longer than the
fourth, and broadly flattened or impressed and truncate at apex
almost throughout the entire width, the impression obsolete to-
ward base, more broadly toward the middle. In the female the
head is scarcely visibly smaller when compared with the protho-
rax, but the latter is distinctly wider in reference to the elytra
being at its widest part fully as wide as the elytral base, which in
the male is much narrower. Four specimens.

The epipleure are very wide, almost horizontal and finely,
sparsely punctate and pubescent, becoming obsolete at a consid-
erable distance from the elytral apices and scarcely at all curved
inward posteriorly.

2. A. explanatus n. sp.—Oblong, broad, subdepressed, polished, black,
without metallic lustre, the elytral apices and abdomen, except near the base,
pale rufous; legs piceous-black, the tibize and tarsi rufescent;antennz blackish,
rufescent toward base; pubescence fine, sparse, rather short and cinereous,
intermixed with short fine erect hairs of the same color; marginal cilia short.
Head three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, smooth throughout, rather coarsely
but sparsely punctate, the impressions large and widely separated; epistoma
very short and broad; labrum transverse, truncate at apex; eyes moderate in
size, not very convex; antennz slightly longer than the prothorax, serrate, all
the joints asymmetric, the fifth and sixth subequal and rather wider than seven
to nine, tenth moderately transverse. Prothorax about one-third wider than
long, the sides strongly arcuate, becoming gradually convergent and less arcu-
ate toward apex, the latter feebly arcuate, much narrower than the base,
which is still more arcuate; basal angles extremely broadly rounded and wholly
obliterated, the apical deflexed and broadly rounded; disk convex, rather
coarsely but sparsely punctate, smooth, not at all rugose toward the sides.
Elytra a little more than one-half longer than wide, nearly one-half wider than
the prothorax, parallel, feebly dilated with the sides slightly arcuate, becom-
ing parallel very near the base; apex broadly, evenly rounded, the sutural
angles right and scarcely at all blunt; disk subexplanate and with the edge
Strongiy serrulate externally at apex; lateral edges reflexed; punctures coarse,
deep and sparse. Abdomen very sparsely and rather coarsely cinereo-pubes-
cent. Length 3.3 mm.; width 1.4 mm.

Southern California. Mr. H. C. Fall.
The single specimen before me is a female, having the fifth ven-
tral segment broadly rounded. The species differs greatly from

466 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

rufiventris in its longer form of body, coarser punctuation and
sparser and dual vestiture. The pale color at the elytral apex
ascends at the lateral margins to about the middle, gradually be-
coming faint. .

The epipleurz are flat, almost horizontal, polished, and very
remotely and almost imperceptibly punctulate and pubescent.

TRICHOCHROUS Motsch.
Byturosomus ; Emmenotarsus Mots; Pristoscelis Lec. (pars. ).

Within the broad compass which we are compelled to give it,
this genus is in all probability one of the largest of the North
American Coleoptera, its species occurring in unnumbered scores
in the extreme western regions of the continent, and especially in
California, where it constitutes one of the chief arboreal elements
of the order. Its species differ much among themselves in size
and vestiture, but agree in having the appendages of the tarsal
claws well developed, equal, as long as the claws and attached to
them except in outer third or fourth of their length; these ap-
pendages are of a gelatino-membranous texture, and subject to
malformation or distortioa which is frequently deceptive and
misleading, especially under low powers of amplification. The
species may be distinguished from Eudasytes and Asydates by
the structure of the epipleurz, and from Listrus and its allies by
having the outer surface of the anterior tibiz—and of the others
to a less extent—beset with an irregular and partially double se-
ries of short stiff and widely spaced spinules. The body may be
simply pubescent or have erect setz in addition, and may have a
dense thoracic fringe of short cilia as in Listrus; this regular
fringe is however generally wanting in those species which bristle
with long erect setz.

The sexual characters are usually quite distinct though only
rarely very radical, but the sexes are nearly always readily differ-
entiable. The male as a rule has the head,and less frequently the
prothorax, larger, the antennz longer, and the elytra relatively
shorter than the female. The abdominal characters are generally
feeble, the fifth ventral in the male being more or less evenly
truncate, but in a singular exception described below under the
name sexualis, this segment becomes strongly modified, an ex-
ception quite as pronounced as that of Cistela brevis when com-

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 467

pared with C. theveneti (Col. Not. III., p. 163). The third and
fourth segments in the males of certain small species with pale
elytra have a cluster of short radiating spinules in the middle.
The genital segment varies but little; it is generally emarginate
in the male and more or less truncate in the female, and is im-
pressed along the middle in both sexes. Beyond the genital seg-
ment the under part of the dorsal pygidium gives the appearance
of still another terminal segment; this inferior surface is more de-
veloped in the male. The fifth ventral in the female is always
more or less rounded, and its surface is sometimes feebly im-
pressed. In the male the inner spur of the anterior and middle
tibiee is dilated, sometimes very strongly, while in several species
I have been unable to notice any modification of the spurs, and
in the male of sexualis the inner spur is dilated on all the tibia.
In a few species, such as fuscus, the anterior tibiz are slightly
thickened or bent in the male, but as these tibial modifications are
rare and slight I have not searched for them with special care.

The literature of this genus is confused in an inexplicable man-
ner. The typical form was described by Motschulsky, and the
genus limited by him to three species having uniform pubescence
without intermixed erect hairs, certain other species such as
griseus and conformis, which, with the large material before me,
are not separable from Trichochrous, being at the same time made
the types of the genera Byturosomus and Emmenotarsus. When
Dr. LeConte published the first edition of the ‘‘ Classification ”
in 1861, he for some undiscoverable reason discarded all of Mot-
schulsky’s names, and proposed “ Pristoscelis ” for the consoli-
dated genera of that author. This course was certainly unwar-
ranted,and however much it might be desired on personal or other
grounds to retain the name given by LeConte, I feel sure that
the adoption of it under the circumstances would be a violation
of the laws of priority, as well as some of the principles of ordi-
nary justice and equity. But even if we agree to adopt the name
Pristoscelis, the condition of the question is not materially im-
proved, because the original definition states that the prothorax
is “not serrate or ciliate at the sides,” and this would exclude
all of Motschulsky’s Trichochrous proper, as well as serricollis
and serrulatus, which were subsequently added.

In describing Byturosomus from the type griseus, Motschulsky
changed the name to rufipes, which of course could not hold, as

ANNALS N. Y. AcAD. Scr., VIII., July, 1895.—33

468 Coleopterolagical Notices, VI.

griseus was certainly not a preoccupied name in Byturosomus or
Pristoscelis, although LeConte himself seems to have agreed to
the change even in the second edition of the “ Classification.” In
his revision of the Dasytini (Proc. Acad., Phila., 1866, p. 351) Le-
Conte assumes that Motschulsky did not know his griseus, but
had mistaken fuscus for it; but this idea seems to have been sub-
sequently abandoned, for (Class. 2 ed., p. 215) Byturosomus is
said to have been founded upon “D. rujfipes Motsch. (griseus ||
Lee.).” Finally (1. ¢., p. 353) LeConte states that griseus Lee.
and antennatus Motsch., are identical,and places the former as the
synonym, although it antedates antennatus by some seven years.

It is not possible that more than a fraction of the species can
be defined in the following table, and it is only hoped that the
short characterizations may prove of some avail as an index to
the descriptions. The species are rather monotonous, though ap-
parently not especially variable within the limits of the respective
sexes except in size; the sexual differences in outline are how-
ever sometimes pronounced, as before remarked :—

Body clothed with subdecumbent hairs, without trace of intermixed erect
sete; marginal cilia of the prothorax generally short and pale in color...2
Body clothed with dense subdecumbent and cinereous pubescence, which is
intermixed, at least toward the sides of the elytra, with short sparse and
erect cinereous setze which frequently seem to be subserial in arrange-
ment; fringe at the sides of the prothorax usually short, even and close-

Body clothed with short cinereous or blackish subdecumbent pubescence, in-
termixed abundantly with long hispid hairs, black or cinereou® in color,
the hairs at the sides of the prothorax long, erect and bristling, and not
forming ya reoular Or close-set LriM Gel... -ecarees sce ciseee eee ees nee eee eee 22

Body clothed with moderately long suberect blackish pubescence, the margi-
nal fringe of the prothorax composed of rather short even and stiff black

DAMS § 0 ca sesasoeee sooo asia vow saiscivesuansemesseots ose aioberssteaeescs sesenoman: sesssee eRe eeeee 36
2—Elytral pubescence uniform in structure and distribution .................0008 3
Elytral pubescence uneven in structure and distribution...............2ceceeeeees 15
3—Elytra uniform in coloration, black or slightly piceous..................eeeeeeee 4

Hilyiraspale Ors bicOloreds tenceencrees ceceme costa cts dae ae tesco aeeiscerecet siete e eee 13
4—Apical angles of the prothorax more or less anteriorly prominent.
Basal angles of the prothorax prominent.

Apicaleangles|proadlyeround Cd lercseeseeeercrsaeo eles ents 1. compactus
Apicallaneles nob MOUMMed seer ececeeccceesscceessseesensiecameecteerces 2. brevis

Basal angles broadly obtuse and rounded, the apical narrowly rounded and
only slightly blunt.
Elytral pubescence coarse, dense and cinereous........... 3. Oregonensis

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 469

Elytral pubescence fine, sparse and dark in color............... 4. agrestis
Apical angles not at all prominent anteriorly, the apex transversely truncate
GP THEO PRO UEIS? cagcouceooncesaccdcedoenesnadesds08s6scdocd SsnonenaGnoHDoOOAG RAE oduBABOERE 5
5—Larger species, seldom at all under 3 mm. in length ..............-.eeeeeee neers 6
Small species, always under 3 mm. in length ...................ccceeceseceeeeeececenees ai

6—Prothorax short, one-half or more wider than long.
Sides of the prothorax parallel.
Prothorax distinctly less than twice as wide as long.
The sides evenly and very feebly arcuate; elytral pubescence rather

Iara eH aV8 | Ole racacoscboconsoadensoscesuacBedoptooaceosonoonognat 5. fraternus

The sides evenly and less feebly arcuate; elytral pubescence very short
and much more sparse (ater Bland )...............++ 6. cylindricus

The sides evenly and very strongly arcuate; elytral pubescence rather
short and only moderately dense.............:.c.ceeeeeeeee 7. laticollis

The sides broadly subangulate behind the middle; pubescence con-
SPICUOUSMeearesecel uccase saceeieclaes sictie esses saiciem siecle Seeecseelctaccleeescaes 8. castus

The sides broadly and strongly sinuate in apical half.....9. SINUOSUS
Prothorax very nearly twice as wide as long............ 10. transversus

Sides of the prothorax slightly convergent, the apex somewhat narrower
than the base; body strongly convex and very sparsely pubescent.
Prothorax feebly narrowed anteriorly, widest at or near the base; an-
tenn rapidly incrassate toward tip............cssesceeeeeenees 11. sparsus
Prothorax less transverse, more strongly narrowed anteriorly, widest dis-
tinctly before the base; antenne scarcely at all incrassate..12. Ciliatus
Prothorax much less transverse, the sides feebly convergent from base to apex
and just visibly, evenly arcuate; vestiture coarse but very short, easily
BOMMCOU ia set sheet cakes dado nclseatiaecan= =the ter oudaccsigueeasesvaeseeses 13. atricornis
“%—Sides of the prothorax parallel or very nearly so.
Body narrow and elongate, the elytral vestiture rather dense; thoracic cilia
SHOMLEL AMMAN DTILOLM Eas. onc sce woisciocie«osleceeecicce sesso 14. fulvotarsis
Body stouter, densely pubescent; thoracic cilia longer...15. antennatus
Body shorter, the vestiture sparse; thoracic cilia long and not fimbriform.
Ely trae pUNCbULes TIME Hs. eceescacececesccsccocededeasenesescers 16. discipulus
liv tral PUM HUMES tCOATSE*.c..ctesccesscrcecase css ecnessccaae: 17. femoralis
Sides of the prothorax convergent from near the base; body somewhat as in
Listrus, but with the anterior tibize strongly spinose and the sides of the

PLOGMOLAxa A SV OLGMOlsSeLCUlALOMss weenie sect eeee eects sei<seeeicrloiioe(s cies c(eaisleetelacns 8
S—Pronotum shining and sparsely punctate; legs clear rufous throughout.....9
Prono ium cd ensehyasculiptumediocsencsecaeceseceacescececccecer dae san secs soci acsleeesee cle 12
9— Body stout; elytrall punctures Sparse............0..0-..--scoceerscwsoscecerseccsacees 10
Body less stout, the elytral punctures Close-set .............0c0ssceeeeeeeee eee eeeeees 11
1Q—Elytral pubescence Very Coarse...............scececesscescecenecenees 18. griseus

Elytral pubescence fine.
Punctures of the pronotum fine throughout; marginal cilia of the elytra
NOM BS LEN GEM ANGUCL EC rese eee sec ene neeascesravsccees ease aes 19. simulans
Punctures coarser, especially toward the sides; elytral cilia short, coarse
PMO MMECUMVED Hrs edactttccetctss scleses seacsatecesedcceevsstebacececceels 20. modestns

470 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

14—Marginal cilia of the elytra longer, rather sparse and more erect.
Prothorax feebly transverse; elytral pubescence very fine..21. separatus
Prothorax strongly transverse; elytral pubescence coarse and closely de-

cumbent; body muchysmaillersessssesses-ce-eee-seeeceeceseeee entre 22. pudens
Marginal cilia of the elytra forming a short dense and posteriorly recurved
fringe; body small and conspicuously pubescent............. 23. indigens
12—Marginal cilia of the elytra long, sparse, erect and bristling; legs red,
the femoraislishtly piceOus..c...20-4 42-6 -.s sees snceeeoteceeeaee 24. imcipiens
Marginal cilia shorter, denser, even and recurved, femora pale and clear rufous,
Ghe this prceous- black ce.cvcsreseccureenee crus ceeecereneeneete 25. erythropus
13—Larger species, more than 3 mm. in length; prothorax strongly narrowed
AMLCHUOTIY A, oe.c se saseitosssle ceaessscdobioteaceies Sones siearites ar sistesraias 26. comvergens
Small species, always much under 3 mm. in length......................sseeeseeeee 14
14—F lytra dark, with the apical margin pale.
Body slender, the elytra rather sparsely punctured............ 27. innocens

Body very stout, oblong-oval, the elytra densely punctured..28. apicalis
Elytra pale, each blackish along the middle, the sutural pale area gradually
narrowed, disappearing near the base; prothorax transversely parallelo-
MAIN C MUNUTOTIN oer ereslsertee nen cee metssecee teceee etree moe eeee se eee 29. egenus

Elytra pale, with a common and clearly defined triangular dark area at base.
30. umbratus

Elytra pale, indefinitely clouded with blackish toward the suture and base.

Pubescence coarse; head in the male wider than the anterior margin of the

PLOCMOP ARs: vs sscsisesseins sods seed Saee Eee ecco od as soeereematecaes 31. nubilatus

Pubescence fine and sparse; head in the male barely as wide as the anterior

margin of the ‘prothoraw, 25.522 sds0concedeeasssw. sawedsseawroeneee 32. suffusus
Elytra generally pale flavo-testaceous throughout. *

Head and prothorax black.
Marginal cilia of the prothorax short; abdomen red, black at base.
33. propinquus
Marginal cilia much longer and more conspicuous; head in the male large,
wider than the anterior parts of the prothorax; abdomen black.
34. fulvovestitus

Head and prothorax pale testaceous, except a large spot of black at the base
of the former; head large in the male......................c00-000: 35. exiguUsS

Head and prothorax pale testaceous throughout; head small in both sexes.

36. testaceus
15—Sides of the prothorax parallel or very nearly so.

Apical angles of the prothorax right and only slightly blunt; elytral vesti-
ture, consisting of coarse sparse and white and more slender dark hairs of
equal length, confusedly intermingled over the entire surface.

37. fallax

Apical angles broadly rounded, the sides broadly arcuate; pubescence of

the elytra coarser and white along the suture and externally, sparsely
punctate.
Pronotal punctures rather coarse and somewhat impressed.
38. inzqualis

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 471

Pronotall PUNCLULES {iM Ely jn. sees -s.-- ceceeeawedeieseeece cesses 39. subcalvus
Sides of the prothorax distinctly convergent anteriorly.
Pronotum strongly and rather closely punctured; white hairs of the elytra

few in number and irregularly disposed.................0.00005 40. funebris
Pronotum finely and remotely punctured; fine dark hairs of the elytra
forming a submedian vitta on each...............scccscecererseees 41. vittiger
16—Apical angles of the prothorax anteriorly prominent.
Basal angles acute and prominent..................ccseeeeee eens 42. prominens

Basal angles broadly rounded; vestiture very dense.
Vestiture cinereous-white; prothorax feebly transverse.

43. cuspidatus

Vestiture pale helvo-cinereous; prothorax strongly transverse.
44. indutus
Apical angles not at all prominent anteriorly......................scceeceeececeeeeeees 17
17—Sides of the prothorax subangulate behind the middle, the marginal
fringe very dense and conspicuous; legs piceous-black; vestiture fulvous.
45. fimbriatus
Sides'of the prothorax almost evenly arcuate..................c0.scceceeseceeecctenees 18
18—Prothorax feebly transverse, the sides very feebly arcuate, the basal angles
slightly obtuse but distinct; vestiture short and dense, the erect white

hairs unusually short; legs piceous-black................666- 46. pruinosus
PALOLHOTAXS SHON GLY UrANSVEISOs se sccasscscsecceeeeeaceeeee sate danucesct ue seasay ee seuonsons 19
19— Erect hairs of the elytra distinct over the entire surface and apparently
SOMeyhaiserialan alamo CMe baenssaaee ose ase sees teeeeeet mara cseneeacteees 20
Erect hairs of the elytra extremely feebly developed and only visible toward
BERL Cte rete wat ase sed sas the Bacieite = Saks oie votes 4 sueiale cbohenasueencwesaseoreannene 21

20—Body very broad, especially in the female, oblong, the sexual differences
unusually marked; side margins of the pronotum narrowly reflexed.
47. fuscus
Body less broad, differing but little sexually; side margins of the pronotum not
noticeably reflexed.
Head in the male fully three-fourths as wide as the prothorax; femora us-

alive ACkishs-. Josue. sisheitotesacresectaaes aedeasteccese ees: 48. seriellus
Head in the male not more than three-fifths as wide as the prothorax; legs
red; body still narrower in both sexes................0..sseeeees 49. sobrinus
21—Prothorax distinctly narrowed anteriorly, less transverse; vestiture very
PCTS reer ara accent enireaccatrig te Race eae ects ele eion Sek olen sien’ 50. mucidus
Prothorax parallel and strongly arcuate at the sides.
Westitunesdens@veseescs et caesnaseoasen see eaeeeeseeeeeeea ssl, DLEVACOLRIS
WVieStib Une) MUCH SpPATSeUsessascdsenscsesceusesiodessienceseacecareslosseceeens ee 52. willis
22—Pubescence of the elytra uneven in distribution.....................seeeeeeeeee 23
Pubescence of the elytra uniform in distribution or virtually so and pale in
COLO stencils yas raie ese atoiaiielreiouacialacisis ors sae sive sete delelnieicls @aza'te s'ssiaciviatewellog suetietedeisoasis 24
Pubescence of the elytra uniform in distribution and practically altogether
blacks on browmish=black tin COlOV.. o..c/-mscecle doce cccdresvosersseceesceedseyesecesss 33

23—The dark hairs forming two large quasi-denuded spots on each elytron.
Wessi black On PICCOUS-DIACK.....s<cucorsaccoeclsosceissesceeneseclecsecser 53. Imsignis

472 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

Legs red; prothorax shorter and more transverse............ 54. curticollis
The pale hairs concentrated in a distinctly defined sutural streak or vitta.
Prothorax large, in great part clothed with long, sparse and erect setze which

are black in color (conformis Let. )...........2..ecescessecesecees 55. Suturalis
Prothorax small, densely clothed with decumbent fulvous pubescence, a
well detnedsmedianivittardarkessascesese-sceteseeeeeetesten ce reeeeee 56. Varilus

The pale hairs scattered over the elytra, but generally sparser or wanting in a
longitudinal and more or less incomplete line near the suture.
Punctures fine; legs black or piceous-black.
Pronotum clothed in great part with dark hairs; pale hairs of the elytra
WELY SPATS s 2. saseacuccsovivsaetsemaaeitercn > succawdessmptinccee 57. quadricollis
Pronotum clothed in great part with pale pubescence.
Pale hairs of the elytra very sparse; elytra transversely and broadly
IMIpresseds Meare WASe-epa-aeee ease eceeeeeeeeeeeee ee ces 58. remotus
Pale hairs very numerous; elytra not impressed; body much narrower.
59. Conspersus
Punctures coarse; legs bright ferruginous throughout.....60. mmexicanus
24—Very large species, more than 5 mm. in length, black, with the elytra

pale:.and rufous’ throughout... /-.cch..2...sseder0+-scsececsseers 61. rufipennis

Moderate or small species, always under 4 mm. in length; body almost invari-
’ eu fs} ) v

ably; wUMiCOlOLOUSs....5.-csse deaciosdece Setneseees Steenwoccoce cecmeoe ee eee ee eee eee eee 25

25—Decumbent pubescence dense, the general aspect cinereous or fulvous...26
Decumbent pubescence sparse, the general aspect of the body blackish from

non-concealment, of the Surface: .s.c-ccssesea se oee nae eienecee seen eeesees shee aeeeeeee 29
26—Legs black: Or PiceOUSicvacswncesecestiessvesaainnwnileoserels taenels saabiececemiecspiedeceeeneees 27
NGCHS TOM. 25 jsoissaiswisisreiis oloarielsreisdeveoaiatjaleicawis oie os oleate aisiaice siete ereseciis sekins osteeee ecenen peeemeee 28

2%7— Sides of the prothorax parallel or extremely nearly so and evenly arcuate.

Erect black hairs only visible toward the sides of the prothorax ; erect hairs

of the elytra coarse, abundant, only moderately long and pale cinereous

WN MTCOTEREA IOC ty Sea ober akoncmeadendSceobaraGaTace aaosApobeodakoasa5c9qqEnGeDc00 62. lobatus

Erect black hairs few in number, unusually short and inconspicuous, scarcely

noticeable on the elytra except toward the sides, where they are mingled

with a greater number of white hairs..................... 63. Drevipilosus

Erect black hairs very long and conspicuous throughout the upper surface.

Decumbent pubescence of the elytra short and not wholly concealing the

surface, the erect black hairs very abundant.

Sides of the prothorax strongly arcuate ; body short...... 64. hystrix
Sides of the prothorax feebly arcuate ; body elongate and parallel.

65. barbare

Decumbent pubescence long and extremely dense, the long erect hairs

Sparsen large Species ss-cassceeeereereteceeee -e-ece sss scee teense 66. tectus
Sides of the prothorax rounded and convergent only near the apex ; body ob-
LON G=OVAl oi sgnenedetcmess ents sancsnsne ect acememee ton see ecier werbeemeriont: 67. sordidus

Sides convergent and nearly straight from near basal third ; erect hairs very
long, white on the elytra, with a few black intermingled..68. villosus
Sides of the prothorax convergent from base to apex and feebly arcuate ; erect
hairs of the elytra conspicuous ; rather large species........... 69. irrasus

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 473

2% — Prothorax parallel and moderately arcuate at the sides; erect black hairs
Ono ebubMabhen Sparse se. sam ssebesacsecccetaccsesacmasseriiteraceseese 70. Crinifer
Prothorax narrowed at apex.

Pubescence cinereous; erect hairs moderately long, abundant; elytra gener-

ally distinctly paler at the apical margin.....................45 71. hirtellus
Pubescence bright fulvous; erect hairs very long, bristling and abundant.

72. fullvescens

29—Large species, 4mm. in length; prothorax transversely elliptical and very

COPIA? jqUNAC TUNE nce coccnsnoodosecooceBoongsgaouobAdacHbsocadaonGee 73. Comatus
Smaller species, seldom sensibly more than 3 mm. in length.....................: 30
30—Legs black to dark rufo-piceous in color; sides of the prothorax parallel

ANGEStTON GiliysaAnCU Abe Ns aac peels cae scillsta stot cs es slo ssisesle Saelcilateiselclsirseienseeiseee 31
Mess Licht euLO-errus NOUS WM COLO! «cscs sceesisis's ccieassisenieioss ones seaincoicins sisdnasden des 32
1—Long hairs of the elytra conspicuous.

Male with feeble sexual modification (tejonicus Lee. )....... 74. squalidus

Male with pronounced sexual modification at the ventral apex.
15. Sexualis

Long hairs of the elytra very inconspicuous and inclined......... 76. sonomze
32— Basal angles of the prothorax obtuse.
Prothorax narrowed anteriorly, strongly punctate............... 77. texanus
Prothoraxs parallels fimeliyspunetaversessce-pectcnete soccescesccem-sse> 78. lucidus
Basal angles acute and everted, the sidesconvergent anteriorly...79. reversus
33—Sides of the prothorax parallel and arcuate. ............... g ivdeadsiviecsecsnencod
Sides of the prothorax convergent anteriorly; marginal cilia short and fimbri-
OVINE ASE ae Re crea oman ceacitan «tiatieesossdoastacsead desemsetararsdeaasan sanbuiedeee 35
34— Legs dark red ; integuments polished, with an ceneous lustre, the elytral
punctures very coarse and Sparse............02-s.sceeeseeeosceesseee 80. pedalis
Legs black or piceous.
ali Gralgp UME EULES HELM Crs cdacs aces secsiteclesaeisasiienisiecasen cease decleseces 81. nigrimus

Elytral punctures coarse.
The punctures somewhat unequal.
Punctures very sparse ; integuments with a feeble subzeneous lustre ;
sides of the prothorax strongly rounded behind the middle.
82. aemescens
Punctures less sparse; lustre non-metallic ; sides of the prothorax very

feebly moun dedM wesw esacaan caves sae slascssecceaacveseblscsee 83. rusticus
The punctures even, deep and distinctly defined ; sides of the prothorax
almost evenly and strongly rounded throughout............ 84. politus

35—Erect hairs of the upper surface not evident ; edges of the elytra serrulate
at apex ; small species, the body somewhat depressed.

85. punctipennis

36—Prothorax constricted at the sides behind the apex....86. stricticollis

One of the three species described by Motschulsky (Bull. Mosc.,
1859, ii., p 393) remains unidentified and is described as follows:

‘* Alatus, elongatus, subovatus, subconvexus, punctatissimus, cinereo pub-

474 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

escens, nigro-seneus, ore, oculis, antennis pedibusque nigris; fronte inter an-
tennas tuberculo nitidissimo armata; thorace capite latiore, subtransverso, an-
tice vix angustato, basi arcuato, angulis posticis distinctis, obtusis, lateribus
subareuatis, marginatis; elytris thoracis latitudine vix superantibus, parallelis,
postice arcuatim attenuatis; antennis subcompressis, articulis transversim tri-
angularis, 5- to paulo dilatato. Long. 1 1.—lat. 2 1.’’ California [Dupont].
87. californicus

The subjoined remarks give but little aid in identification and
need not be quoted.

1. T. compactus n. sp.—Oblong, rather stout, strongly convex, pol-
ished, piceous-black, the elytra rufo-castaneous; under surface, legs and an-
tenn dark rufous throughout; pubescence coarse, decumbent, moderately
short and dense, pale ochreo-cinereous in color, the marginal fringe of the pro-
thorax and elytra moderate in length. Head slightly more than one-half as
wide as the prothorax, flat, broadly impressed anteriorly, finely, sparsely pune-
tate, the interspaces smooth; epistoma abruptly depressed, pale, coriaceous and
impunctate; labrum short, broadly arcuate at apex, the disk finely and re-
motely but distinctly punctate, the punctures bearing short erect setze; eyes
rather large but not prominent; antennze somewhat slender, subequal in length
to the prothorax, the fifth and seventh joints larger than the sixth and eighth,
penultimate wider than long. Prothorax large, broadly campanulate, about
one-half wider than long, the sides broadly rounded and convergent toward
apex, outwardly sinuate toward base, the basal angles acute and strongly
everted; apex feebly sinuato-truncate, the angles broadly rounded; disk
minutely, sparsely punctate throughout, the interspaces smooth and _ polished.
Elytra only slightly wider than the prothorax, scarcely more than one-half
longer than wide, two and one-half times as long as the prothorax, parallel and
straight at the sides, broadly, obtusely rounded at apex, the vertical flanks
longitudinally impressed toward base; humeri obtusely prominent; disk finely,
evenly and somewhat closely punctate. Abdomen finely, rather closely punc-
tate, the interspaces not reticulate. Length 3.4 mm.; width 1.5 mm.

Southern California.

The single type of this somewhat aberrant species is a female ;
it may be readily identified by the campanulate prothorax, with
acute and everted basal and rounded apical angles.

2. TV. brevis n. sp.—Short and very broad, moderately convex, shining,
black throughout, the legs rufo-piceous, the antenn throughout dark piceous-
brown; pubescence moderately long and dense, pale luteo-cinereous, the hairs
along the lateral edges rather long, erect and bristling. Head but slightly
more than one-half as wide as the prothorax, finely, remotely punctate, the
upper surface perfectly flat throughout, without trace of subapical impression
but with a broad and feeble swelling at the middle near the frontal margin;
epistoma abruptly depressed, short, truncate but scarcely paler; labrum feebly
punctulate toward the sides; eyes large but not prominent; antennze somewhat

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 475

slender, distinctly longer than the prothorax, the penultimate joint nearly one-
half wider than long, fifth and seventh scarcely enlarged. Prothoraxv short and
transverse, three-fourths wider than long, gradually and only slightly nar-
rowed in apical half, the basal angles acute and everted; apex transversely
truncate, anteriorly oblique at the sides, the apical angles anteriorly promi-
nent but rather blunt; disk smooth and polished, finely and sparsely punctate
throughout. Elytra short, scarcely more than one-third longer than wide,
fully two-fifths wider than the prothorax, parallel and straight at the sides, the
apex extremely broadly and obtusely but evenly rounded; side margins some-
what reflexed, the vertical flanks impressed ; humeri slightly tumid; disk finely,
evenly and moderately closely punctate, Abdomen finely and closely punctu-
late, the legs somewhat stout; hind tarsi distinctly shorter than the tibi.
Length 2.9 mm.; width 1.6 mm.

California.

The only known specimen of this species is likewise a female,
and is from an unrecorded part of the State. The species is re-
markably distinct in the prominent apical and acutely everted
basal angles of the prothorax, and in the very short broad form
of the body. The epipleurez are not much wider than in the or-
dinary species of the genus, and are gradually narrowed behind,
but they are nevertheless somewhat intermediate between the
usual type and the broad horizontal form characterizing the
genus Eudasytes.

3. T. oregonensis Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1866, p. 351
( Pristoscelis. )

Oblong-elongate, strongly convex, black, the upper surface with
a feeble eneous lustre; legs and antenne throughout black; pu-
bescence cinereous, moderately dense, long and coarse, sparse an-
teriorly ; marginal cilia rather short. Head three-fourths as wide
as the prothorax, feebly convex, feebly constricted at base, the
eyes large and somewhat prominent; punctures fine and sparse,
subrugose; front broadly bi-impressed ; epistoma thin, truncate;
labrum long, parabolic, only punctured at base, pale at apex; an-
tenn slender, slightly longer than the prothorax, the fifth joint
wider than the fourth and wider and much longer than the sixth,
tenth nearly as long as wide. Prothorax fully one-half wider
than long, the sides subparallel, very feebly convergent in apical,
more strongly so and more rounded in basal half, the basal
angles obtuse but slightly reflexed dorsally; apex transversely
truncate, wider than the base, anteriorly oblique at the sides, the
apical angles prominent but not very acute; disk strongly and

476 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

rather closely punctate and subrugose, coarsely reto-scabrous near
the sides. Elytra parallel, two-thirds longer than wide, only
slightly wider the prothorax and nearly three times as long, side
margins narrowly reflexed; punctures somewhat fine and close-
set, scabriculate. Abdomen minutely. densely asperulo-punctate,
the legs rather long. Length 3.8 mm.; width 1.5 mm,

Oregon. The male from which the description is taken has the
fifth ventral unmodified on the disk, short and broadly truncate
at apex; the genital segment is flat, emarginate, with about three
long erect black setz at each side, and the under surface of the
tip of the dorsal pygidium is distinct beyond it. The epipleure
are wider than in most species of the genus, but are gradually
narrowed behind.

4. T. agrestis n. sp.—Elongate and convex, moderately shining, black
throughout; legs and antennz dark rufo-piceous, the first and eleventh joints
of the latter black; pubescence very short, fine and closely decumbent, brown-
ish-black in color and inconspicuous, the marginal fringe short, even and dark
in color. Head three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, feebly constricted at
base, sparsely punctate, the punctures fine, coarser and with scabrous sculpture
toward base; frontal impressions large and feeble; eyes large, slightly promi-
nent and distant from the base; epistoma thin and truncate; labrum short,
very broad, feebly arcuate at apex, punctate at base, with several long black
sete near the sides; antennz one-fourth longer that the prothorax, rather
slender, the fifth joint distinctly dilated, tenth slightly transverse. Prothorax
fully two-thirds wider than long, the sides parallel and feebly, almost evenly
arcuate throughout; base oblique and sinuate at the sides, the basal angles
slightly obtuse but not rounded; apex transversely truncate, very feebly, an-
teriorly oblique for only a short distance at the sides, the angles slightly ob-
tuse and blunt; disk finely, sparsely punctate, only slightly scabrous near the
sides, the interspaces smooth. Elytra long, four-fifths longer than wide, one-
fourth wider than the prothorax and more than three times as long, the sides
parallel and nearly straight; apex evenly and almost semi-circularly rounded;
humeri strongly tumid; punctures not very coarse but deep, even and well
defined, rather close-set. Abdomen minutely, densely, subasperately punctu-
late, with very fine and short but cinereous pubescence, the legs somewhat
short, densely punctulate. Length 4.7 mm.; width 1.65 mm.

California.

One of the largest and most isolated species of the genus, rep-
resented before me by a single female from an unknown part of
the State. The epipleurz are very narrow and are defined exter-
nally by the finely serrulate edge which is general throughout
the genus.

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 477

5. T. fraternus n. sp.—Elongate, parallel, feebly convex, black, some-
what shining, slightly senescent ; legs bright rufo-ferruginous throughout ;
antennz piceous-black, the funicle testaceous toward base, the basal joint
black ; pubescence moderately long and close on the elytra, finer and sparser
anteriorly, cinereous and distinct ; marginal cilia very short on the prothorax,
twice as long on the elytra, even. Head three-fourths as wide as the pro-
thorax, feebly convex, rather finely but closely punctato-scabrous, the frontal
impressions feeble, separated by a large impunctate space ; epistoma short,
pale and coriaceous, the labrum long, parabolic ; eyes large and moderately
prominent ; antenne rather stout, moderate in length, the fifth joint feebly
dilated, almost equilateral, the tenth somewhat transverse. Prothorax short
and transverse, fully two-thirds wider than long, the sides parallel, evenly
and extremely feebly arcuate from base to apex, the former broadly arcuate
throughout with obtuse and rounded angles, the apex evenly and rectilinearly
truncate throughout the entire width, the angles right and well marked, though
blunt ; disk rather finely and sparsely punctate, coarsely reto-scabrous near
the sides. Elytra three-fourths longer than wide, scarcely visibly wider than
the prothorax, parallel and perfectly straight at the sides, very obtusely
rounded at apex, the humeri moderately tumid ; punctures somewhat fine
and close. Abdomen finely, densely and subasperately punctulate, finely
cinereo-pubescent ; femora stout. Length 3.7 mm. ; width 1.3 mm.

California (San Francisco).

The description is drawn from the male, and in that sex the
fifth ventral is very short, unmodified on the disk but with the
apex broadly truncate and distinctly sinuate in the middle. I
have not seen the female.

This species is allied to cylindricus, but differs in the very
feebly arcuate sides of the prothorax, with conspicuous though
not at all prominent apical angles, in the much longer and denser
elytral pubescence and red legs. One specimen.

6. T. cylindricus Motsch.—Bull. Mosc., 1859, ii., p. 393; atrus Bland
[ater]: Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., III., p. 253; Lec.: Proc. Acad. Nat., Sci.,
Phila., 1866, p. 351 ( Pristoscelis).

Elongate, parallel, black, the legs and antenne black through-
out; pubescence cinereous, very short though somewhat coarse
and distinct, decumbent and sparse ; marginal fringe short. Head
nearly three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, punctato-scabrous ;
eyes large and somewhat prominent ; epistoma pale and coriaceous ;
labrum broad, feebly arcuate at apex; antenne rather slender,
longer than the prothorax, the fifth and seventh joints only just
visibly dilated, the tenth slightly transverse. Prothorax two-

478 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

thirds wider than long, the sides parallel, evenly and moderately
arcuate, the base arcuate, with the angles somewhat distinct though
obtuse and rounded; apex rectilinearly truncate, the angles
slightly obtuse and distinctly rounded; disk sparsely and rather
finely punctured, polished. Elytra long, fully three-fourths longer
than wide; evidently, though only slightly, wider than the pro-
thorax, parallel and straight at the sides, not very broadly rounded
behind, the punctures moderately fine and well separated ; inter-
spaces slightly alutaceous. Length 3.8 mm.; width 1.4 mm.

California (San Francisco). The male type above described
has very simple sexual characters, the fifth ventral being sub-
truncate at apex and unmodified, the genital segment large and
flat, with a fine deep canaliculation along the median line.

7. T. laticollis Mann.—Bull. Mosc., 1843, p. 247 ( Dasytes) ; Lec. : Proce.
Acad., Phila., 1866, p. 352 ( Pristoscelis).

Oblong, convex, shorter and broader than cylindricus, with the
pubescence a little longer and denser, cinereous ; body black, the
upper surface with a grayish-subzeneous lustre; legs and antennz
piceous-black, the latter feebly testaceous toward the base of the
funicle. Head confusedly punctato-scabrous, broadly bi-impressed
anteriorly, the labrum broad, feebly arcuate at apex; antennze
moderate, the tenth joint somewhat transverse. Prothorax three-
fifths wider than long, the sides parallel and strongly arcuate ;
basal angles very broadly rounded and obliterated, the apical
broadly rounded but less obliterated; apex truncate; disk finely,
sparsely punctate and polished. Elytra one-half longer than wide,
only slightly wider than the prothorax, parallel, very broadly and
obtusely rounded at apex, the humeri somewhat acutely tumid ;
punctures rather fine and well separated, rugose by oblique reflec-
tion, the interspaces polished. Length 3.2-3.7 mm.; width 1.3-
1.5 mm.

California (near San Francisco). Somewhat allied to cylin-
dricus, but broader, with more strongly arcuate sides of the pro-
thorax and more broadly rounded basal angles. The male differs
but little from the female, having feeble sexual characters at the
abdominal apex, but the prothorax is larger, although similarly
proportioned and is about as wide as the elytra; the head is large
in both sexes. Several other very closely allied species are indi-
cated by material in my cabinet.

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 479

8. TV’. castus n. sp.—Elongate-oval, convex, black, polished, the upper
surface with a feeble eneous lustre; legs and antennee black, the tibiz and
tarsi feebly piscescent; pubescence rather long, decumbent, cinereous, some-
what dense on the elytra, sparser anteriorly. Head scarcely three-fifths as
wide as the prothorax, somewhat finely, sparsely punctate, slightly rugose to-
ward base, broadly and strongly bi-impressed anteriorly, the impressions sep-
arated by a wide and elongate impunctate area; epistoma short, rectilinearly
truncate, flattened; labrum broad but rather long, the apical margin very
brozdly parabolic, the disk with some long setze; eyes moderately large, not very
prominent; antenne barely longer than the prothorax, rather stout, the tenth
joint distinctly transverse, the fifth not distinctly dilated. Prothorax nearly
three-fourths wider than long, widest just behind the middle, where the sides
are very obtusely prominent, thence almost equally convergent and nearly
straight to the apex and base, the latter very feebly arcuate and scarcely more
so than the feebly arcuato-truncate apex; basal and apical angles almost
equally obtuse and rounded but both tolerably defined; disk rather strongly,
somewhat sparsely and unequally punctate, the punctures coarser and sub-
asperate anteriorly and laterally; surface smooth, coarsely reto-rugose near the
sides; marginal fringe rather long, dense and even. Elytra distinctly wider
than the prothorax, about three-fourths longer than wide; narrowly parabolic
at apex; humeri prominent and tumid; punctures somewhat fine and close-set,
slightly rugose, the interspaces polished. Abdomen coarsely pubescent, the
punctures fine and not very dense. Length 4.0 mm.; width 1.5 mm,

Utah.

The single specimen serving as the type is a female. Castus is
allied to several Californian species, but is distinguishable quite
readily by the form of the prothorax, and, from cylindricus in ad-
dition, by the very much longer and more conspicuous pubes-
cence.

9. T. Sinuosus n. sp.—Oblong, elongate, convex, black, polished, the
upper surface with a grayish-subzeneous lustre; legs and antennz deep black
throughout; pubescence moderately long and coarse, not very dense but cin-
ereous and conspicuous. Head large, rather more than three-fourths as wide
as the prothorax, the eyes somewhat large but only moderately prominent;
punctures rather fine and sparse, gradually becoming closer and scabrous to-
ward the sides and base; frontal impressions feeble and elongate; labrum
short, broadly arcuate at apex; antennz rather long and stout, slightly longer
than the prothorax, the fifth and sixth joints subequal and both somewhat
wider than the eighth, tenth strongly transverse. Prothorax large, about one-
half wider than long, the sides parallel but deeply sinuate just behind the api-
cal angles, and very broadly, feebly sinuate and oblique in basal half, the sides
very broadly and subangularly swollen at the middle; apical angles laterally
but very obtusely prominent, the basal obtuse but not rounded; apex broadly
subtruncate, becoming posteriorly oblique and broadly rounded at the sides;

480 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

base broadly arcuate; marginal fringe very short; disk rather finely, sparsely
punctate, coarsely scabrous toward the sides. Elytra barely three-fifths longer
than wide and just visibly wider than the prothorax, parallel and straight at
the sides, the apex subcircularly rounded; sutural angles rounded; humeri
tumid; punctures rather fine and close-set, subrugose, the interspaces polished.
Abdomen coarsely pubescent, minutely but not very densely punctulate, the
legs long. Length 3.8 mm.; width 1.5 mm.

California.

This very distinct species is represented by a single male, hav-
ing feeble sexual modifications at the abdominal vertex, the fifth
segment being truncate and apparently very feebly sinuate to-
ward the middle, with the surface unmodified; the genital seg-
ment is impressed along the middle as usual.

10. T. transversus n. sp.—Oblong, moderately convex, shining, black,
the upper surface with very feeble subzeneous lustre; legs black, the tibize and
tarsi piceous; antennz piceous, the basal joint black; pubescence sparse but
rather long, somewhat coarse, cinereous and distinct; marginal fringe short on
the prothorax, much longer on the elytra. Head fully three-fourths as wide
as the prothorax, finely, sparsely but subasperately punctate, rugose toward
base, the frontal impressions strong and separated by a sensibly elevated im-
punctate area; epistoma pale and coriaceous; labrum transversely arcuate at
apex; eyes rather large and prominent; antennz not very stout, one-half lon-
ger than the prothorax, the fifth joint but feebly dilated, tenth strongly trans-
verse. Prothorax very short and transverse, nearly twice as wide as long,
the sides parallel, evenly and somewhat feebly arcuate from base to apex, the
latter evenly and feebly arcuato-truncate throughout the width, the base
scarcely visibly more arcuate; basal and apical angles almost equal,
slightly obtuse and rounded but distinct; disk rather finely, sparsely
perforato-punctate, the edges of the punctures elevated or burred, broadly
scabrous toward the sides. Elytra three-fifths longer than wide, about equal
in width to the prothorax, parallel and straight at the sides; apex broadly
rounded; humeri tumid; flanks impressed toward base; punctures rather fine
and moderately close-set, subrugose, the interspaces polished. Abdomen
somewhat finely and thinly pubescent, the punctures very fine and feeble.
Length 3.25 mm.; width 1.35 mm.

California (San Francisco).

The male has the fifth ventral unmodified on the disk, the apex
truncate and apparently very slightly sinuate toward the middle,
the genital segment broadly impressed, finely canaliculate along
the middle and broadly emarginate at apex. This species is allied
to several of the cylindricus group, but is distinguishable at once
from any of them by the very short prothorax, and, from /ra-

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 481

ternus, it may be known in addition by the black legs. A single
specimen.

11. T. sparsus nh. sp.—Elongate-oval, strongly convex, polished, black,
the upper surface with a scarcely perceptible metallic lustre; the legs and an-
tenn throughout dark rufous; pubescence somewhat long and fine, closely de-
cumbent, very sparse but cinereous and distinct. Head fully two-thirds as
wide as the prothorax, rather convex, polished, finely, sparsely punctate, the
anterior impressions large but very feeble; epistoma at apex and labrum pale,
the latter broadly rounded; eyes moderately large and prominent; antennze
a little longer than the prothorax, the fifth and seventh joints very feebly
dilated, the tenth transverse. Prothorax three-fifths wider than long, the sides
feebly convergent from base to apex and feebly, evenly arcuate; basal angles
broadly rounded, the apical obtuse and nearly as broadly rounded as the basal;
apex truncate in the middle; base very broadly arcuato-truncate, shghtly but
perceptibly wider than the apex, disk finely, remotely punctate, not at all
scabrous at the sides, the interspaces smooth and polished. Elytra two-thirds
longer than wide, only very slightly wider than the prothorax, feebly inflated
behind basal fourth, the sides becoming slightly arcuate; apex very broadly
rounded; humeri tumid but not large; punctures very coarse, impressed and
sparse. Abdomen rather densely clothed with short fine pubescence, the legs
somewhat short. Length 3.2-3.4 mm.; width 1.25-1.4 mm.

Colorado.

The type is a female having the fifth ventral produced at the
middle of the apex in an acute and prominent cusp, the surface
feebly deflexed toward tip and very slightly impressed in the
middle, with some long erect black setz toward the sides; the
genital segment is large, broadly arcuate at apex, broadly im-
pressed and finely, deeply canaliculate along the middle.

This species and the next, of the Rocky Mountain region, dif-
fer conspicuously in general type from the Californian species
which immediately precede. The side margins of the body bear
a close and even fringe of moderately short setz. In the present
species the elytral punctures become much finer and distinctly
closer toward apex, and the pubescence becomes correspondingly
a little less sparse. Two specimens.

12. T. ciliatus n. sp.—Subcylindrical, polished, black, the elytra rufo-
piceous, becoming darker toward base; legs bright rufo-ferruginous through-
out; antennze pale testaceous, slightly piceous at the extreme apex; pubescence
rather long, moderately coarse, very sparse, cinereous and distinct. Head
about two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, rather short, finely but strongly,
remotely punctate, polished throughout and not in the least scabrous; anterior
impressions very feeble, separated at apex by a large convex impunctate area;

482 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

apex of the epistoma and entire labrum bright rufo-ferruginous, the latter
broadly arcuate at apex; eyes only moderately large and somewhat promi-
nent; antennz barely longer than the prothorax, the tenth joint strongly
transverse. Prothorax one-half wider than long, widest at basal third, where
the sides are parallel and broadly rounded, thence becoming distinctly con-
vergent and very feebly arcuate to the apex; basal angles very broadly, the
apical only a little less broadly, rounded; apex truncate and much narrower
than the base; punctures fine, but strong and remote, the surface perfectly
smooth. not at all rugose at the sides. lytra not quite two-thirds longer than
wide, slightly wider than the prothorax, parallel and nearly straight at the
sides, the apex very broadly rounded; flanks longitudinally impressed toward
base; humeri tumid; punctures impressed, sparse and coarse, finer and less
sparse toward apex. Abdomen very finely and feebly punctulate and more
densely pubescent. Length 3.7 mm.; width 1.4 mm.

Texas.

The single type of this species is also a female, having the fifth
ventral very broad with the apex subtruncate and produced in
the middle in a very broad and obtuse cuspiform projection,
which is greatly obscured by the dense, stiff, blackish pubescence
at the apical margin, the surface teebly deflexed and distinctly
impressed in the middle toward tip, and with several long, erect,
black setz in a transverse series at each side. It is closely allied
to sparsus, but is more elongate and cylindrical, with a some-
what less transverse prothorax differently rounded at the sides, a
slightly longer fringe at the sides of the elytra, and a shorter and
broader fifth ventral, with the apical cusp shorter and broader in
the female. In general form it is not unlike some species of
Scolytide.

13. T. atricornis Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1866, p. 352
( Pristoscelis ).

Subcylindrical, strongly convex, polished, black, the upper sur-
face with a dark lustre; legs bright rufo-ferrnginous through-
out ; antenne piceous-black, the basal joint black; epistoma and
labrum piceous-brown ; pubescence short, rather coarse and sparse -
and readily removable; fimbriz even, short on the prothorax,
longer on the elytra. Head scarcely three-fourths as wide as the
prothorax, rather short, finely and somewhat feebly punctato-ru-
gulose, the impressions feeble and widely separated ; labrum large,
broad, parallel, truncate at apex; eyes large but scarcely promi-
nent, attaining the prothorax ; antenne barely as long as the pro-
thorax, rather stout, the tenth joint strongly transverse. Pro-

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 483

thorax long, one-third wider than long, the sides evenly and dis-
tinctly convergent and very feebly, evenly arcuate from base to
apex, the basal angles very obtuse but only slightly rounded, the
apical less obtuse and blunt; base strongly arcuate from angle to
angle; apex evenly and feebly arcuato-truncate throughout the
width; disk finely but strongly, sparsely punctate, scarcely at
all rugose near the sides. Elytra fully two-thirds longer than
wide, not more than twice as long as the prothorax and only just
visibly wider; humeri strongly swollen; punctures moderately
coarse, deep, impressed, somewhat close-set and even. Abdomen
minutely, densely punctulate and clothed with long and abun-
dant cinereous pubescence, the legs rather long. Length 3.5 mm.;
width 1.3 mm.

Arizona. The specimen described agrees with the original
type and is «a female. Africornis is a very distinct species in
general appearance, owing to the long and gradually narrowed
prothorax, short pubescence and pale red legs.

14. 'T. fulvotarsis Bland.—Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., III., p. 254; Lec.:
Proc. Acad., Phila., 1866, p. 352 ( Pristoscelis).

Slender, subeylindrical, shining, black, the elytra picescent ;
legs pale rufo-ferruginous, the femora piceous; antenn dark
piceous, the basal joint still darker; pubescence short, rather
fine and moderately dense, decumbent, cinereous and distinct.
Head more than three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, finely,
sparsely punctate, nearly smooth; impressions elongate and
feeble, remote, separated at apex by a small tumid area; epi-
stoma and labrum short, each slightly pale at apex, the latter
truncate; eyes moderately large and prominent, slightly distant
from the prothorax; antenne slender, about one-third longer than
the prothorax, the fifth joint only slightly dilated, outer joints
transversely ovoidal. Prothorax nearly one-half wider than
long, the sides parallel, moderately arcuate, more strongly so
behind the middle; angles obtuse but only slightly blunt, the
basal very distinct; apex broadly, feebly arcuate, the base much
more strongly so; punctures small and sparse, the surface
smooth, only feebly subrugose near the sides, the marginal fim-
briz well developed, dense and even. Elytra long, four-fifths
longer than wide, distinctly wider than the prothorax, parallel

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Sct., VIII., July, 1895.—34

484 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

evenly rounded at apex, finely, rather feebly and somewhat
sparsely punctate. Legs decidedly slender. Length 2.75-3.0
mm.; width 0.9-1.0 mm.

Middle coast regions of California. This species may be
known at once by its narrow and subcylindrical form, color of
the legs and other characters as detailed above; it is an abun-
dant species. The description is drawn from a female example,
but the male does not differ noticeably in form and has very
feeble abdominal characters.

15. T. antennatus Motsch.—Bull. Mosc., 1859, ii., p. 394.

Oblong-oval, strongly convex, polished, black, the upper surface
with a dull eneous lustre; legs rufo-ferruginous, the femora rufo-
piceous ; antenne testaceous, piceous-black toward apex, the two
basal joints also blackish; pubescence moderately long, coarse,
dense and cinereous, the cilia at the sides of the prothorax and
and elytra long and bristling and scarcely fimbriform. Head
three-fifths as wide as the prothorax, rather finely and sparsely
punctate, the epistoma and labrum dark rufo-testaceous; im-
pressions feeble. Prothorax almost evenly and transversely
elliptical, two-thirds wider than long, the sides parallel and evenly,
strongly arcuate; angles very obtuse and rounded; disk strongly
but not very closely punctate. Elytra three-fifths longer than
wide, distinctly though not greatly wider than the prothorax,
parallel, very broadly rounded at apex. Abdomen finely, densely
punctulate and densely pubescent. Length 2.75 mm.; width 1.15
mm.

California (San Francisco). I have scarcely any doubt that
this is the true antennatus of Motschulsky, who states that it
resembles laticollis Mann., but is smaller. It differs from Jati-
collis, however, in having long bristling pale hairs along the sides
of the body, these being short and fimbriate in that species.
Some few of the hairs toward the sides of the elytra appear to be
semi-erect, and the species might therefore be almost as appro-
priately assigned to the fuscus group, some of the members of
which it resembles considerably. The two specimens before me
are females.

16. T. discipulus n. sp.—Oblong-oval, strongly convex, shining, black,
the upper surface slightly zneous; legs rufo-ferruginous, the femora piceous-
black; antenne dark piceous, blackish near the apex and at base; pubescence

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 485

rather short and somewhat coarse, sparse but cinereous and distinct. Head
two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, feebly reticulate, finely, sparsely punc-
tate, deeply impressed along the median line near the base, the anterior im-
pressions feeble ; epistoma and labrum piceous-black, short, the latter arcuato-
truncate; eyes moderately large, not prominent; antennz rather stout, dis-
tinctly incrassate and clothed with short, erect bristling setee near the apex,
the fifth joint distinctly dilated, tenth somewhat transverse. Prathorax trans-
versely oval, barely one-half wider than long, the sides parallel and strongly,
evenly arcuate; apex broadly arcuato-truncate, the angles rounded; base feebly
arcuate, the angles very obtuse but only shghtly rounded; disk coarsely
reticulate, strongly so toward the apex and becoming slightly scabrous near
the sides; punctures sparse, rather small; marginal cilia long. Elytra oblong,
three-fifths longer than wide, slightly though distinctly wider than the pro-
thorax, parallel and straight at the sides, broadly, evenly parabolic in apical
third; humeral callosities rather small and narrowly rounded; punctures fine,
feeble and sparse, the interspaces feebly reticulate. Legs moderately long, the
posterior femora somewhat stout. Length 2.5 mm.; width 0.95 mm.

California.

The single male before me is but slightly modified at the ab-
dominal vertex, the fifth segment being evenly truncate at tip
and otherwise normal. The species is quite distinct, and will be
readily known by its convex, sparsely pubescent surface, bicol-
ored legs and other features.

17. T. femoralis n. sp.—Elongate-oval, strongly convex, shining, black,
without seneous lustre, the legs rufo-ferruginous with the femora black; an-
tenn piceo-testaceous, the two basal and two or three apical joints slightly
blackish; pubescence very short, rather coarse, sparse and cinereous. Head
less than two-thirds as wide as the prothorax; longitudinally convex, reticu-
late, not medially impressed toward base, finely and sparsely punctate, the an-
terior impressions feeble; epistoma very short with a fine pale and coriaceous
apical margin; labrum unusually small, short, pale at the margins, the apex
truncate toward the middle; eyes large but not prominent; antennz moderate
in length, rather stout, the outer joints incrassate and hispid with short erect
setee, tenth decidedly transverse. Prothorax transversely oval, somewhat more
than one-half wider than long, the sides parallel and strongly, evenly arcuate;
angles obtuse and rounded; base and apex broadly arcuate, the latter slightly
the less strongly so; disk reticulate, finely, sparsely punctate, more strongly
so and with the surface slightly scabrous and less shining toward the sides.
Elytra short, not quite one-half longer than wide, only slightly wider than
the prothorax, gradually dehiscent behind, parallel, evenly rounded at apex,
the humeri only very feebly tumid; punctures coarse, sparse, deep and im-
pressed. Legs rather long, the femora polished, with the extreme tips rufous.
Length 2.35 mm.; width 0.9 mm.

California.

486 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

This species is evidently allied to the preceding, but differs re-
markably in the sculpture of the elytra, these being also very
much shorter. The single male in my cabinet has the fifth ventral
short and broadly truncate at apex, but otherwise unmodified.
In both of these species the cilia along the sides margins of the
body are rather sparse and are unusually long for this section of
the genus.

18. VT. griseus Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., VI., p. 169; Motsch.:
Bull. Mose., 1859, ii., p. 395 (Dasytes); antennatus Lec. nec Motsch.: 1. ¢.,
1866, p. 353 ( Pristoscelis ); rufipes Mots.: 1. ¢., p. 395 (Byturosomus) ; Lec. and
Horn: Class. Col. N. A., 2 ed, p. 215 ( Pristoscelis).

Elytral pubescence whitish, very coarse, rather long, sparse
and apparently entirely unmixed with erect hairs. Antenne
short, stout, serrate, longer than the prothorax, incrassate, the
tenth joint only just visibly wider than long. Legs and antennz
dark rufous; posterior tarsi thick, fully as long as the tibie.
Leneth 2.5 mm.; width 1.2 mm.

California (San Diego)—Cab. LeConte. I am quite uncertain
as to the position of this species, since the type is not before me
at present, and the published descriptions and short notes taken
by me some years ago are not sufficient. According to LeConte
the prothorax is gradually but strongly narrowed in front, with
the sides feebly arcuate and the hind angles obtusely rounded.
The elytra are coarsely punctured. The “last” ventral segment
of the male [fifth ’] is said to be longitudinally and broadly im-
pressed, which is very exceptional in this genus; the sixth or
genital segment is however always sulcate.

19. T. simulans n. sp.—Rather stout, oblong, convex, black, the legs
pale rufo-ferruginous throughout; antennz rufous, slightly obscure at the
apex; pubescence rather long, very sparse but white and conspicuous. Head
barely two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, convex, finely, sparsely punctate,
polished and perfectly smooth throughout, the anterior impressions feeble;
epistoma short with the apical margin pale and coriaceous; labrum short and
broad, widely rounded; mandibles pale externally; eyes moderately large but
scarcely prominent ; antennze stout, incrassate near the apex, but slightly
longer than the prothorax, the fifth joint dilated as usual, tenth distinctly
transverse. Prothorax short, fully two-thirds wider than long, the sides strongly
convergent and almost evenly, very feebly arcuate from base to apex, the latter
rectilinearly truncate and much narrower than the base, which is broadly,
strongly arcuate; angles at base and apex obtuse and rounded; disk highly
polished and perfectly smooth to the side margins, finely, sparsely punctate

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 487

throughout. £lytra one-half longer than wide, quite distinctly wider than the
prothorax, parallel, broadly rounded at apex; humeri moderately tumid; punc-
tures rather coarse but only moderately deep, feebly rugose by oblique reflec-
tion, sparse. Abdomen finely, somewhat densely pubescent, the legs moderately
long and slender. Length 2.6 mm.; width 1.1 mm.

Texas (El Paso). Mr. Dunn.

The male, if I have correctly identified this sex by the simple
but transversely truncate fifth ventral, appears to differ greatly
from the usual types of the genus in having both spurs of the
anterior and middle tibiz simple and slender. The left antenna
of the type specimen is deformed, the third joint being very
elongate, enveloping the fourth externally and extending to the
base of the fifth. The four specimens before me are quite uni-
form in size, but some are slightly pale and piceous-brown from
immaturity.

20. T. modestus n. sp.—Stout, oblong, convex, piceous-black, the elytra
pale and castaneous, polished; legs and antennz pale rufo-ferruginous, the
latter slightly obscure at the extreme tip: pubescence rather long but sparse,
pale cinereous, even and distinct, closely decumbent. Head slightly more than
three-fifths as wide as the prothorax, polished and smooth but somewhat dull
and subscabrous anteriorly, where the two impressions are strongly marked;
labrum piceous, broadly rounded; eyes moderate in size; antennz but slightly
longer than the prothorax, incrassate toward apex, the tenth joint strongly
transverse. Prothorax short, three-fourths wider than long, the sides evenly and
strongly convergent, and almost evenly and rather feebly arcuate from base to
apex; all the angles obtuse and rounded; apex truncate, much narrower than
the base, the latter broadly arcuate; disk smooth, feebly reticulate near the
sides, the punctures moderate and remote, becoming coarse and closer toward
the sides. Elytra short, oblong, two-fifths longer than wide, slightly wider
than the prothorax, very obtusely rounded at apex, the humeri slightly tumid;
punctures moderately large, sparse. Abdomen finely and rather sparsely
punctate, the legs decidedly slender. Length 2.5 mm.; width 1.15 mm.

Kansas.

The single male serving as the type represents a species allied
in many structural generalities to simulans, but differing in its
shorter form, in its rather feebler elytral and coarser pronotal
punctures, and in the very much shorter fringe of pale hairs along
the side margins of the body. The fifth ventral is simple and
truncate.

21. T. separatus n. sp.—Subcylindrical and moderately convex, some-
what shining, brownish-black above, deep black beneath; legs pale rufo-fer-

488 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

ruginous throughout, the head piceous-black; pubescence rather fine and even,
somewhat short, moderately close, brownish-cinereous in color. Head nearly
four-fifths as wide as the prothorax, exactly equal in width to the anterior
margin of the latter, finely, somewhat closely punctate and slightly rugulose,
the anterior impressions rather feeble but distinctly defined by the somewhat
prominent supra-antennal ridges and separated by a smooth impunctate con-
vexity at apex; epistoma pale and coriaceous throughout; labrum almost semi-
circularly rounded; mandibles pale toward base; eyes scarcely at all promi-
nent; antennie slender, about as long as the prothorax, not in the least incras-
sate toward tip, the fifth joint distinctly dilated, the tenth transverse and al-
most completely symmetrical. Prothorax long, not quite one-third wider than
long, widest at basal third where the sides are very feebly prominent, thence
distinctly convergent and almost straight to the apex and feebly so for a very
short distance to the basal angles, which are extremely obtuse but scarcely at
all rounded; apical angles obtuse and rounded; apex arcuato-truncate, the base
broadly arcuate; disk minutely, sparsely punctate, only slightly rugulose near
the sides, marginal fringe short and close. Elytra three-fifths longer than
wide, nearly one-third wider than the prothorax, parallel and nearly straight
at the sides, very obtusely rounded at apex, the humeri narrowly rounded and
slightly tumid; punctures rather fine but distinct and somewhat close-set.
Abdomen finely and not very densely cinereo-pubescent, the legs very slender,
the femora finely and closely punctulate. Length 2.5 mm.; width 1.0 mm.

California (San Mateo).

A distinct species, identifiable at once by the elongate and
apically narrowed prothorax which is much narrower than the
elytra, brownish pubescence and slender red legs. The single
specimen before me is not obviously determinable in regard to
sex.

22. T. pudens n. sp.—Narrowly oblong, somewhat convex, moderately
shining, black, the legs and antennz pale rufo-ferruginous, the last joint of
the latter somewhat obscure; integuments feebly reticulate throughout, becom-
ing subrugose toward the sides of the prothorax; pubescence rather fine and
sparse anteriorly but very coarse and somewhat dense, pale ochreo-cinereous
and closely decumbent on the elytra. Head rather small, scarcely more than
three-fifths as wide as the prothorax, rugulose toward base but very minutely
and almost imperceptibly punctate throughout, the anterior impressions large
and strong, the median convex surface large and smooth; epistoma piceous
and subcoriaceous; labrum short, pale, almost semi-circularly rounded; eyes
not very large and somewhat prominent; antennze very slender, scarcely
longer than the prothorax, the first two joints much stouter, fifth distinctly
dilated, last three rather abruptly larger and incrassate among themselves, the
tenth transverse. Prothorax one-half wider than long, widest at basal third
where the sides are parallel and broadly arcuate, becoming gradually rather
strongly convergent and very feebly arcuate anteriorly to the obtuse but evi-

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 489

dent apical angles; basal angles very broadly rounded, the base arcuate; apex
subtruncate; disk sparsely and very minutely punctate. Elytra scarcely more
than one-half longer than wide, nearly one-third wider than prothorax, par-
allel and straight at the sides, very obtusely rounded at apex, the humeri only
slightly tumid; punctures fine and rather close-set. Abdomen more polished,
finely punctulate and finely pubescent, the legs slender. Length 2.0 mm.;
width 0.75 mm.

Arizona (Benson). Mr. Dunn.

The four specimens before me are perfectly uniform, and are
apparently females. The species is quite distinct because of its
small size, feeble punctures and very coarse elytral pubescence,
as well as in antennal structure.

23. T. indigens n. sp.—Narrow, parallel, strongly convex, highly pol-
ished, black, the upper surface with a dull subseneous lustre; legs pale rufo-
ferruginous throughout; antennze dark testaceous, gradually piceous-black be-
yond the middle; pubescence cinereous, moderate in length, rather abundant
and conspicuous though not very coarse. Head two-thirds as wide as the pro-
thorax, polished, finely, sparsely punctate, the frontal impressions small and
very feeble; labrum small, rounded; mandibles pale except toward apex; eyes
moderately large and not very prominent; antennz one-third longer than the
prothorax, rather slender and distinctly serrate internally throughout, the
outer three joints but slightly wider, fifth distinctly dilated, tenth slightly
transverse and asymmetric, the inner apical angle more prominent, joints with
tufts of short erect setee within. Prothoraz three-fifths wider than long, the
sides parallel and broadly, strongly arcuate, becoming more convergent and
straighter in about apical third; angles obtuse; apex arcuato-truncate, slightly
narrower than the base; disk strongly convex, finely, sparsely punctate. Elytra
three-fifths longer than wide, fully one-fourth wider than the prothorax, par-
allel, obtuse at apex, the humeral callosities small and feeble; punctures some-
what fine but strong, rather close-set. Abdomen finely pubescent, the legs
slender. Length 2.1-2.3 mm.; width 0.75-0.85 mm.

California (Sta. Clara Co.).

The description is drawn from the male, and in that sex the
fifth ventral is truncate at apex, with the punctures denser in the
middle toward base, the fourth with a few stiffer spiniform setz
in a cluster at the middle near the apex, and the genital segment
is broadly emarginate and medially impresso-canaliculate as usual.
The female scarcely differs at all, being merely a little stouter,
with a just visibly smaller head. Five specimens.

24. T. imcipiens n. sp.—Oblong-oval, dilated behind, feebly convex,
rather dull, the elytra shining, black, the elytra with a feeble subzeneous
lustre; legs rufo-testaceous, the femora picescent; antennz testaceous, the last
three joints feebly dilated and gradually blackish; pubescence rather short and

490 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

fine, cinereous and sparse. Head scarcely three-fifths as wide as the prothorax
rather finely but strongly, densely punctate, subimpunctate in the middle
anteriorly, the impressions large and deep; apex of the epistoma thin and cori-
aceous; labrum short, pale, broadly arcuato-truncate at apex; mandibles and
palpi pale, dark toward apex; eyes not very prominent; antennz slender, the
fifth and seventh joints strongly dilated, tenth wider than long. Prothorax
fully three-fourths wider than long, widest at basal third; sides strongly con-
vergent anteriorly, becoming parallel and broadly rounded toward base; apex
arcuato-truncate, much narrower than the base, which is more strongly arcu-
ate; disk finely, unevenly and densely punctate, becoming coarsely reto-scab-
rous near the sides; lateral margins finely subserrulate toward base, the cilia
rather long. Elytra one-half longer than wide, widest at posterior third,
where they are nearly two-fifths wider than the prothorax; sides arcuate, be-
coming parallel for a short distance at base; apex very broadly rounded; pune-
tures fine, feeble and sparse, the interspaces obsoletely reticulate. Abdomen
finely but strongly and densely punctulate, finely, rather thinly pubescent,
the legs short. Length 2.3 mm.; width 1.1 mm.

Arizona (near the Grand Canon of the Colorado). Dr. T.
Mitchell Prudden.

The single type is a female, and the species makes a remarkable
approach to Listrus in general organization, but the anterior tibiz
have two well developed external series of stiff erect spines. The
fifth ventral is broadly and very evenly rounded at apex.

25. T. erythropus Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., VI., p. 170
(Dasytes); 1. c. 1866, p. 353 ( Pristoscelis).

Oblong-oval, moderately convex, black, dull, the elytra only
feebly shining; legs pale rufous, the tibize and tarsi blackish ; an-
tenn testaceous, only slightly obscure toward apex, the basal
joint blackish; palpi and labrum piceous-black; pubescence very
coarse on the elytra, moderately long and somewhat dense, cin-
ereous. Head two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, finely, densely
punctate, the impressions rather feeble; eyes moderately large
and somewhat prominent; epistoma somewhat pale and coria-
ceous; antenne short, scarcely longer than the prothorax, the
three outer joints rather strongly dilated, the tenth strongly
transverse. Prothorax three-fifths wider than long, the sides
sensibly convergent from base to apex, feebly and almost evenly
arcuate, the basal angles very broadly obtuse and rounded; disk
opaque, finely, unevenly and very densely but not profoundly
punctate, only slightly more scabrous toward the sides ; marginal
cilia short, dense and evenly recurved. Elytra nearly three-fifths

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 491

longer than wide, only very slightly wider than the prothorax,
searcely sensibly dilated behind, broadly parabolic at apex, finely
but somewhat strongly and moderately densely punctate. Length
2.25-2.4 mm.; width 0.9-1.0 mm.

Texas. The above outline is taken from the female, in which
sex the fifth ventral is rather strongly rounded at apex; but the
male does not greatly differ, having the head distinctly, and the
prothorax slightly larger, with the fifth ventral short and broadly
sinuato-truncate at apex, and the genital segment broadly im-
presso-canaliculate along the middle, with the apex apparently
arcuato-truncate. This species also resembles Listrus, and has
the tibial spines rather feebler than in incipiens, but the structural
characters place it in Trichochrous without doubt; it is recog-
nizable at once by the coloration of the legs.

26. T. convergems Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1866, p. 352
( Pristoscelis ).

Elongate-oval, strongly convex, feebly shining, grayish-black,
the elytra broadly pale flavo-testaceous at the lateral and apical
margins; legs, antenne and oral organs, epistoma and labrum
pale rufo-ferruginous, the mandibles and palpi slightly obscure at
tip and the eleventh antennal joint somewhat darker; pubescence
moderately long, decumbent, pale luteo-cinereous and very coarse,
rather sparse anteriorly but dense on the elytra, though not con-
cealing the surface. Head three-fourths as wide as the protho-
rax, the eyes large and prominent; punctures rather fine and
sparse, the interspaces smooth; pubescence conspicuous; anten-
ne about as long as the prothorax, rather stout but scarcely in-
crassate, compact, the outer joints strongly transverse, fifth only
very feebly dilated. Prothorax two-fifths wider than long, sub-
parallel and broadly rounded but with the sides convergent and
straight toward apex, the latter arcuate and much narrower than
the base; disk finely and obsoletely granulato-reticulate, finely
and sparsely punctate, the sculpture if anything not as strong
toward the sides as inthe middle. Elytra two-thirds longer than
wide, only slightly more than twice as long as the prothorax and,
at base, distinctly wider; sides apparently very slightly conver-
gent from base to apex, straight; apex evenly rounded; punc-
tures not very coarse but strong and rather close-set. Length
3.3 mm.; width 1.2 mm.

492 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

Arizona. The above description refers to the male, in which,
in addition, the fifth ventral is truncate at apex and paler in color.
This is a very distinct species both in coloration and structure.

27. T. innocens n. sp.—Narrow, subparallel, convex, polished, black, the
elytra with a feeble greenish-zneous lustre; legs rufo-piceous, the tibie and
tarsi quite pale; antennz deep black, with joints three to five slightly paler;
pubescence short, rather coarse and sparse, pale fulvous; elytra with the extreme
apex rufo-ferruginous. Head four-fifths as wide as the prothorax, finely,
sparsely punctate, feebly rugulose except in the middle anteriorly, the im-
pressions rather strong and better defined by the somewhat prominent supra-
antennal ridges; epistomal margin polished and depressed but black; labrum
only slightly pale at the extreme apex, broadly rounded, with a few setiferous
punctures along the basal margin; eyes slightly prominent; antennz rather
stout, hispid throughout with erect cinereous sete, nearly one-half longer than
the prothorax, fifth joint distinctly dilated, the tenth slightly wider than long,
and somewhat asymmetric. Prothorax one-half wider than long, widesta little
behind the middle, where the upper flanks are slightly tumid; sides parallel
and broadly arcuate, becoming gradually convergent and nearly straight in
about apical half; apex arcuato-truncate, about as wide as the base; disk
finely, sparsely punctate, very obsoletely rugulose but polished, coarsely reto-
rugose at the sides. Elytra oblong, two-thirds longer than wide, distinctly
wider than the prothorax, slightly dehiscent at apex as usual, parallel, broadly
rounded behind, somewhat finely and sparsely but distinctly punctate. Abdo-
men smooth and polished, very minutely and sparsely punctulate, thinly and
finely pubescent, the legs rather slender. Length 2.25-2.7 mm; width 0.8—
0.95 mm.

California (Calaveras Co.) Dr. F. E. Blaisdell.

A small but distinct species, the male described above having
the fifth ventral broadly and just visibly sinnato-truncate at tip
but otherwise unmodified. It may be known at once by its
sparse fulvous vestiture and coloration.

Two of the three specimens before me, represented by the
larger measurements, are blacker and duller, with the vestiture
more cinereous, but I have but little doubt that they belong to
the same species.

28. T. apicalis n. sp.—Stout, oblong-oval, convex, feebly shining, black,
the elytra pale testaceous at apex, the pale area extending slightly along the
suture and narrowly along the side margins nearly to the middle; legs rufo-
ferruginous throughout; antenne dark piceo-rufous, the two basal joints
slightly darker; pubescence short, coarse, closely decumbent and dense, pale
luteo-cinereous in color. Head small, not much more than one-half as wide
as the prothorax, finely, sparsely punctate, with smooth interspaces through-
out; anterior impressions extremely feeble, the supra-antennal ridges wholly

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 493

obsolete; epistoma with a very narrow pale apical margin; labrum small,
rounded; eyes very large, attaining the base but not prominent; antennz short,
about as long as the prothorax, the three outer joints somewhat abruptly wider,
the tenth strongly transverse, fifth but slightly dilated. Prothorax transversely
oval, about twice as wide as long, the sides subparallel and strongly, evenly
arcuate, only just visibly more convergent toward apex than base; angles very
obtusely rounded; disk minutely, sparsely punctate, more coarsely, densely and
rugosely so at the sides; interspaces smooth. Elytra short, oblong, not quite
one-half longer than wide, slightly but distinctly wider than the prothorax,
parallel and straight at the sides, almost semi-cireularly rounded at apex,
rather finely but strongly and quite densely punctate. Legs short. Length
2.2 mm.; width 0.95-1.0 mm.

Southern California.

The description is drawn from the female, the male having the
head two-thirds as wide as the prothorax and the latter about one-
half wider than long but perceptibly narrower than the elytra;
otherwise the two sexes are nearly alike. The fifth ventral of the
male is transversely truncate, and of the female rather strongly
rounded at apex, and, in the former, the under surface of the tip
of the dorsal pygidium, projecting behind, is flat, short, trans-
versely arcuate and sparingly pubescent. A single pair.

29. T. egenus n. sp.—Oblong, rather convex, moderately shining, pale
rufo-testaceous, the head toward base, metasternum and apices of the ventral
segments blackish; elytra black, pale at apex, along the sides and on the
suture nearly to the base; legs pale testaceous; antenne piceous; pubescence
rather short, fine and sparse, luteo-cinereous and moderately distinct. Head
scarcely more than two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, strongly and longi-
tudinally convex, rather coarsely but not densely punctate, the anterior im-
pressions small and somewhat distinct; labrum small and rounded; eyes de-
cidedly small, at a slight distance from the prothorax and scarcely at all
prominent; antenne slender, longer than the prothorax, the fifth joint not
wider than the sixth, tenth slightly wider than long. Prothorax nearly three-
fourths wider than long, the sides parallel and feebly but perfectly evenly ar-
cuate from base to apex, the four angles nearly right and scarcely at all
rounded from above; apex and base almost equally arcuato-truncate; disk
coasely, rather closely and subrugosely punctate, the side-margins but feebly
defined. Elytra three-fifths longer than wide, nearly one-third wider than the
prothorax, the sides parallel and straight; apex very obtusely and broadly
rounded; disk finely and somewhat sparsely punctate, the interspaces finely
and obsoletely reticulate. Abdomen finely, feebly and subrugosely punctulate,
very finely and thinly pubescent, the legs moderately long and very slender.
Length 2.2 mm.; width 0.8 mm.

Utah (southwestern). Mr. C. J. Weidt.

494 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

The unique type of this remarkable species is a female, having
the fifth ventral evenly and circularly arcuate at apex. It can be
recognized at once by the rectangularly parallelogramic form of
the prothorax.

30. T. umbratus Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1866, p. 352
( Pristoscelis).

Oblong, rather stout and feebly convex, shining, black, the
elytra pale ochreo-flavate, with a large triangular sutural spot at
the base of piceous-black; abdomen pale, gradually obscure to-
ward base; legs and oral organs very pale ochreous; antennee
dark piceo-rufous; pubescence moderately fine and sparse, rather
long, suberect on the elytra; marginal cilia somewhat long.
Head three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, finely, sparsely
punctate, the impressions distinct. and widely separated; epi-
stoma unusually long and narrow, flavate; labrum long, para-
bolic; mandibles long, pale, obscure at tip; eyes moderate in size
and not prominent; antenne distinctly longer than the pro-
thorax, somewhat slender, the tenth joint distinctly wider than
long, fifth dilated. Prothorax two-fifths wider than long, the
sides subparallel, evenly and very feebly arcuate from base to
apex, only very slightly more convergent anteriorly; angles
obtuse; disk finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra oblong, not
quite one-half longer than wide, nearly one-half wider than the
prothorax, dehiscent very near the apex, the latter very broadly
and obtusely rounded; sides straight and parallel; humeri right,
rounded, distinctly exposed at base; punctures rather fine but
distinct and sparse. Abdomen finely, somewhat closely punctu-
late, finely and thinly pubescent, the legs rather long, slender.
Length 2.2-2.4 mm.; width 0.9-1.0 mm.

California. Both of the specimens before me are females, the
fifth ventral being broadly and feebly arcuate at apex and the
genital segment deeply excavated in the middle. The second
specimen agrees with the first in its long mandibles and labrum,
but the gelatino-membranous epistoma is wide and distorted,
showing that but little reliance can be placed upon the form of
this part when it has this soft consistence. In these specimens
both the spurs of the anterior and middle tibize are slender.

I have before me a third female from another locality, simi-
larly colored but narrower, with the sides of the prothorax gradu-

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 495

ally convergent from the base, and with short mandibles and
labrum ; it probably represents a closely allied species.

31. T. nubilatus n. sp.—Rather narrow and conyex, polished, black,
the prothorax with a feeble zneous lustre; elytra pale rufo-ferruginous, with
a large and indefinite sutural cloud of blackish in about basal half; abdomen
black, the fifth segment and following pale; legs pale rufous throughout; anten-
ne black, the funicle feebly testaceous toward base; pubescence moderately
long, dense and coarse, pale luteo-cinereous in color. Head nearly four-fifths
as wide as the prothorax, finely, sparsely punctate, the frontal impressions
feeble; epistoma short, depressed and thin but black and corneous; labrum
semi-circular, with a few small scattered setigerous punctures; mandibles rather
long, pale, black at tip; eyes large and somewhat prominent; antennz nearly
two-fifths longer than the prothorax, bristling with short stiff setee especially
within, the fifth joint dilated, tenth slightly transverse and somewhat asym-
metric. Prothorax two-fifths wider than long, the sides evenly and feebly
convergent from base to apex and evenly, feebly arcuate; basal angles broadly
rounded, the apical obtuse and greatly deflexed; apex arcuato-truncate and
distinctly narrower than the base; disk polished, obsoletely reticulate, not
scabrous laterally, finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra one-half longer than
wide, fully two-fifths wider than the prothorax, parallel and straight at the
sides, broadly rounded at apex; humeri slightly exposed at base; disk finely,
rather. densely and not very distinctly punctate. Legs somewhat long and
slender. Length 2.3 mm.; width 0.8 mm.

California (Lake Co.).

The unique type of this species is a male and has the fifth ven-
tral rectilinearly truncate at apex. with the surface polished and
almost impunctate save a few piliferous punctures in the middle
toward base; the genital segment is large, flat, truncate at apex,
the latter with a beveled coriaceous edge, the surface feebly di-
vided along the median line; the fourth segment, and, to a less
degree the third, has a cluster of coarse punctures in the middle
toward apex, which bear short pointed spiniform and _ inclined
setze which radiate in direction from the median line. This spe-
cies is readily distinguishable from umbratus by its dense and
coarse vesiture and nubilate maculation.

32. T. suffusus n. sp.—Moderately stout and convex, shining, black,
the elytra pale luteo-testaceous, broadly and suffusedly black toward the
suture except toward apex; abdomen with only the extreme apex of the fifth
segment pale; legs pale rufous throughout; antennz dark piceo-rufous; pubes-
cence rather fine, moderately long and sparse, cinereous, the scutellum thinly
pubescent. Head two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, finely, sparsely punc-
tate, the impressions large and feeble; epistoma very short and broad, with a

496 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

very narrow and thin pale apical margin; labrum semi-circular; eyes rather
large but scarcely at all prominent; antennze somewhat stout, distinctly longer
than the prothorax, the tenth joint transverse, fifth dilated. Prothorax nearly
one-half wider than long, the sides broadly rounded and subparallel, becom-
ing distinctly convergent toward apex, the basal angles broadly rounded, api-
cal obtusely rounded and deflexed; apex arcuato-truncate, not narrower than
the base, the marginal cilia very short; disk finely, sparsely punctate, only
very feebly subrugulose near the sides. Elytra oblong, one-half longer than
wide, two-fifths wider than the prothorax, parallel and straight at the sides,
gradually dehiscent toward apex, the latter broadly obtuse; humeri but slightly
tumid, somewhat exposed at base; disk finely and somewhat feebly, sparsely
punctate. Abdomen finely punctulate, rather thinly but coarsely pubescent,
the legs long and slender. Length 1.9 mm.; width 0.75 mm.

California (Sta. Barbara.)

The male serving as the type has the fifth ventral broadly sin-
uato-truncate at apex and very broadly, obsoletely impressed
toward the middle, and the third and fourth segments have a few
diverging spinules at the middle. Two specimens.

This is one of the smallest species of the genus, and can be
readily separated from nubilatus by the characters given in the
table.

33. T. propinquus n. sp.—Narrow, elongate and rather strongly con-
vex, polished, black, the prothorax with a pronounced xeneous lustre; elytra
pale fulvous; abdomen pale, gradually blackish toward base; legs pale luteo-
testaceous throughout; antennz rufo-testaceous, obscure toward tip; pubes-
cence short and sparse, rather fine, fulvous in color. Head two-thirds as wide
as the prothorax, feebly rugulose and finely, sparsely punctate, the upper sur-
face flat, the impressions small, apical, distinct, but widely separated; epi-
stoma very short and broad, the truncate apex not distinctly thinned or modi-
fied; labrum small, rounded; mandibles and palpi pale, dusky at tip; antennz
slender throughout, nearly one-third longer than the prothorax, sparsely setose,
the tenth joint moderately transverse, the fifth scarcely dilated; eyes well de-
veloped, only slightly prominent. Prothorax one-half wider than long, the
sides parallel and broadly arcuate; all the angles obtuse, but somewhat obvi-
ous; apex arcuato-truncate and equal to the base; marginal fimbriz short and
rather sparse; disk obsoletely reticulate, only very feebly rugulose near the
sides, finely and sparsely punctate. Scutellum black. Elytra three-fifths
longer than wide and about three-fifths wider than the prothorax, parallel and
slightly arcuate at the sides except near the base, obtusely parabolic at apex,
the sutural angles rounded; humeri well exposed at base; disk somewhat
coarsely and strongly punctate, the punctures impressed and well separated.
Abdomen finely and somewhat thinly cinereo-pubescent, the legs slender.
Length 2.1 mm.; width 0.8 mm.

California (Ios Angeles Co.). Mr. H. C. Fall.

————

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 497

A distinct species, represented in my cabinet by a single fe-
male, having the fifth ventral very broadly and feebly though
evenly arcuate at apex, and the genital segment broadly arcuate
at tip and broadly impresso-canaliculate along the middle.

34. T. fulvovestitus n. sp.—Somewhat stout and strongly convex, pol-
ished, black, the anterior parts with a strong zeneous lustre; elytra pale ful-
vous, sometimes with a very feeble blackish cloud on the suture toward hase;
abdomen black throughout, the genital segment alone paler; legs very pale;
antenn rufo-testaceous, the eleventh joint dusky; oral organs and mandibles
rufescent; pubescence rather long and coarse, dense, fulvous and conspicuous.
Head only just visibly narrower than the prothorax, constricted at base, the
front flat, finely, sparsely punctate, the impressions very feeble, a median con-
vexity at apex smooth and polished; epistoma with a wide pale and thin cori-
aceous margin; labrum small, strongly rounded; eyes small, prominent and at
their own length from the base; antennze slender, one-half longer than the pro-
thorax, the eleventh joint as long as wide. Prothoraz nearly one-half wider
than long, the sides parallel, more rounded at the middle, feebly convergent
and nearly straight thence to the base and apex, the latter broadly arcuato-
truncate and as wide as the base; angles rather obtuse; disk highly polished,
finely and sparsely punctate. Scutellum black, thinly albido-pubescent. E/y-
tra barely one-half longer than wide, nearly one-half wider than the prothorax,
parallel and straight at the sides; the apex very broadly obtuse, the sutural
angles right and not distinctly rounded; humeri rather widely exposed at hase;
disk somewhat finely but strongly and closely punctate. Abdomen finely
punctulate, more or less thinly cinereo-pubescent, the legs slender. Length
2.2-2.4 mm.; width 0.8-0.9 mm.

Arizona (Yuma). Mr. G. W. Dunn.

This species is very distinct in appearance because of its large
head, with the eyes small and distant from the prothorax. It is
evidently allied rather closely to propinquus, which is known at
present only by the female, but differs in the dense and conspicu-
ous pubescence of the pronotum and black abdomen. The sexual
characters of the male are very simple, the fifth ventral being
truncate at apex, and the third and fourth segments completely
devoid of modified pubescence. Two males.

35. T. exiguus n. sp.—Oblong, somewhat stout and convex, moderately
shining, pale luteo-testaceous, the sterna of the hind body, abdomen, scutel-
lum and a large cloud toward the base of the head black; legs and antenne
pale testaceous, the latter very feebly clouded near the apex; pubescence
rather long and dense, closely decumbent, cinereous, very coarse on the elytra,
rather fine anteriorly. Head large, only slightly narrower than the prothorax,
Strongly reticulate, very minutely, sparsely punctate, the impressions large
and feeble; epistoma short; labrum short, broadly arcuato-truncate; antenne

498 Culeopterological Notices, VI.

slightly longer than the prothorax, the three last joints distinctly broader, the
tenth strongly transverse; eyes moderately large, prominent, at about one-half
their length from the base. Prothorax one-half wider than long, widest and
rather prominently rounded at the sides just behind the middle; angles ob-
tuse; apex truncate in the middle, broadly and posteriorly oblique and
rounded laterally, and fully as wide as the base or rather wider; disk very
finely, sparsely punctate, slightly rugose toward the sides. Elytra short, two-
fifths longer than wide and about two-fifths wider than the prothorax, parallel
and straight at the sides, very broadly and obtusely rounded at apex; humeri
rounded and quite distinctly exposed at base; punctures fine and rather dense.
Abdomen distinctly but not very densely cinereo-pubescent, the legs slender.
Length 1.8 mm.; width 0.75 mm.

Arizona.

The male has the fifth ventral truncate at apex, the genital seg-
ment with a broad cuspiform apical emargination and broadly
impresso-canaliculate along the middle. The description applies
to the unique male type. The left antennz of the type has the
fifth and sixth joints completely fused, with the division repre-
sented only by lateral notches; antennal malformations appear to
be very common in this genus.

I have before me a single female, also from Arizona, having
similar coloration, except that the abdomen is entirely red, and
differing especially in its shorter and finer elytral pubescence and
very much more elongate epistoma; it seems to represent a dis-
tinct species which it is not advisable to describe at present, in
view of the peculiar sexual differences in the following species.

36. T. testaceus n. sp.—Oblong, convex, shining, pale luteo-testaceous
throughout above and beneath; scutellum, legs and antennze concolorous, the
extreme tip of the eleventh joint of the latter blackish; eyes black; pubes-
cence rather long, moderately sparse, decumbent, ashy and conspicuous al-
though not very coarse, rather unevenly disposed on the pronotum. Head
scarcely three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, coarsely and somewhat closely
punctate, the interspaces smooth and polished, a convex median area toward
apex impunctate; impressions extremely feeble; epistoma rather long, a wide
apical margin yellow and subcoriaceous; labrum small, arcuate at tip; eyes
moderately large, very near the base and only slightly prominent; antennze
distinctly longer than the prothorax, the tenth joint transverse, fifth dilated.
Prothorax subconical, not more than two-fifths wider than long, the sides
rather strongly convergent and very feebly arcuate from base to apex; angles
very obtuse; apex much narrower than the base; punctures not very fine or
sparse and somewhat unevenly distributed ; pubescence conspicuous. LElytra
one-half longer than wide, two-fifths wider than the prothorax, parallel and
nearly straight at the sides, very obtusely and somewhat individually rounded

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 499

at apex; humeri rather narrowly exposed at base; punctures not very fine and
strong, somewhat sparse. Legs slender. Length 1.8-2.0 mm.; width 0.65—
0.8 mm.

Southern California. Mr. Wickham.

The male above described has the fifth ventral transversely
truncate at apex, the disk impunctate and polished toward apex
and with a few slender black hairs in the middle toward base, the
third with a small subapical and the fourth with a large median
patch of stout black spinules radiating from the median line.
The female has the body more slender than the male, with finer
pubescence, less transverse prothorax and still smaller head, the
the fifth ventral broadly and feebly arcuate at apex, and the ab-
domen evenly cinereo-pubescent throughout. Three specimens.

37. T. fallax n. sp.—Elongate, subparallel, moderately convex, polished,
black with a slight zeneo-piceous tinge; legs black, the tibiz except near the
base and the tarsi piceous-brown; antennze piceous-black, the first and eleventh
joints black; pubescence rather long, subdecumbent, equal and without erect
sete, consisting on the pronotum and elytra of brown and cinereous hairs con-
fusedly intermingled, moderately coarse and not very dense. Head nearly
four-fifths as wide as the prothorax, strongly but sparsely punctate, feebly
rugulose toward base, the impressions strong and widely separated by the im-
punctate convexity, the supra-antennal ridges rather pronounced; epistoma
very short, not at all pale or coriaceous; labrum pale at apex, short and broad,
circularly rounded; mandibles pale in the middle; eyes large, only moderately
prominent, extending to the base; antennee distinctly longer than the pro-
thorax, gradually incrassate, the outer joints clothed densely and uniformly
with fine short erect cinereous pubescence and also with a few long sete, the
fifth joint much wider than the fourth, but subequal to the sixth, tenth trans-
verse and almost symmetrical. Prothorax one-half wider than long, the sides
almost straight and parallel from the apex to basal two-fifths, then convergent
and straight to the basal angles which are very obtuse but not rounded; apex
rectilinearly truncate throughout, much wider then the base, the angles right
and only slightly rounded; disk finely but strongly, sparsely perforato-punc-
tate, coarsely reto-rugose but shining toward the sides, the punctures larger
and with elevated edges toward apex; interspaces even and polished; marginal
fringe composed of long blackish hairs. Elytra two-thirds longer than wide,
slightly wider than the prothorax, parallel, obtusely parabolic at apex, broadly
sinuate at base, rather finely and somewhat sparsely punctate, the marginal
fringe composed of rather long even piceous and not very close-set hairs. Al-
domen and legs rather densely cinereo-pubescent. Length 3.4 mm,; width
1.25 mm.

California (Sonoma Co.)

ANNALS N. Y. AcaD. Sct., VIII., July, 1895 —35

500 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

The male, which is the only sex known to me, has the fifth ven-
tral short, only slightly longer than the fourth and broadly sinu-
ate toward the middle at apex with the disk unmodified, and the
genital segment broadly emarginate and broadly impresso-canal-
iculate along the middle, the under part of the dorsal pygidium
large and densely bristling with short black hairs at apex.

38. T. imeequalis n. sp.—Parallel, moderately narrow, convex, polished,
black, the elytra finely rugulose, alutaceous and with a very feeble zeneo-
piceous tinge; legs and antenne red, the eleventh joint of the latter dusky;
pubescence even in length, without trace of intermixed sete, rather coarse
and sparse, suberect, dark near the elytral suture; marginal fringe of the pro-
notum dense, even and very short, of the elytra longer and cinereous. Head
about two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, rather coarsely but not densely
punctate, the interspaces smooth; anterior impressions very broad and feeble;
epistoma with only a very fine pale apical border: labrum very short and
broad, feebly arcuate at apex; eyes rather large and prominent, attaining the
base; antennze short, barely longer than the prothorax, rather broad and
strongly compressed, the tenth joint strongly transverse and wider than the
eleventh, fifth very feebly dilated. Prothorax two-thirds wider than long, the
sides subparallel, evenly and strongly arcuate; all the angles obtuse and
rounded but traceable; apex just visibly narrower than the base; punc-
tures sparse, not very coarse but widely impressed; interspaces smooth and
polished, not in the least rugose at the sides. Elytra barely one-half longer
than wide, not distinctly wider than the prothorax, parallel, obtusely rounded
behind, broadly sinuate at base, sparsely and quite coarsely punctate. Ab-
domen finely and somewhat densely cinereo-pubescent. Length 2.6-2.8 mm.;
width 0.9-1.1 mm.

Colorado.

The male serving for the type has the fifth ventral broadly trun-
cate at apex, the adjacent edge feebly inflexed and subimpunctate
but with the disk otherwise unmodified. Three males.

39. T. Subcalwus n. sp.—Oblong, convex, highly polished and black
throughout; legs black, the tibize and tarsi piceo-rufous, the former dusky to-
ward base; antennz black, the funicle scarcely visibly picescent toward base;
pubescence rather fine, short and sparse, subdecumbent, cinereous, the hairs
blackish on the pronotum except near the sides, and in a broad subsutural
stripe on each elytron; marginal cilia of the pronotum even, dense, somewhat
long and in great part blackish in color, of the elytra longer, sparser and more
cinereous. Head three-fifths as wide as the prothorax, finely, sparsely pune-
tate, the interspaces smooth, rugulose toward the sides, the impressions very
large, broadly impressed; epistoma rather long but wide, truncate, black; la-
brum broad, circularly rounded, slightly pale near the apex; eyes rather large
and prominent; antenne but little longer than the prothorax, somewhat slen-

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 501

der, slightly incrassate through the last four joints, the tenth moderately trans-
verse, fifth scarcely visibly dilated. Prothorax three-fourths wider than long,
the sides subparallel, strongly and almost evenly arcuate, the apex rectiline-
arly truncate and but little narrower than the base; angles obtuse; disk finely,
sparsely punctate, coarsely reto-rugose toward the sides; punctures not im-
pressed, the interspaces smooth. /ytra one-half longer than wide, only just
visibly wider than the prothorax, parallel, obtusely rounded at apex, sparsely
and coarsely punctate, the interspaces polished; subscutellar umbones rather
marked. Abdomen minutely, densely punctulate, very finely dusky-pubescent.
Length 3.0 mm.; width 1.2 mm.

California (San Diego). Mr. Dunn.

This species can be readily distinguished from the last by its
larger size and unimpressed pronotal punctures. It is repre-
sented in my cabinet by two female specimens which are mutually
similar in size and vestiture.

40. T. fumebris n. sp.—Oblong-oval, strongly convex, moderately stout,
shining, black, without metallic lustre; legs black, the tibiz and tarsi rufo-
picescent; antennze dark rufo-piceous, gradually blackish toward apex, the
basal joint darker; pubescence moderately dense, fine, reclined, blackish in
color, gradually coarser and cinereous toward the sides of the pronotum and
on the elytra along the suture and toward the sides especially toward base, the
whitish hairs extending somewhat inward at basal two-fifths; marginal cilia
forming a short dense and coarse fringe on both the prothorax and elytra.
Head three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, strongly and rather closely punc-
tate, the impressions feeble; epistoma somewhat narrowly trapezoidal, rapidly
thinned toward apex, the labrum strongly rounded and moderately elongate;
eyes not very large or prominent, extending almost to the base; antenn long
and slender, much longer than the prothorax, the penultimate joints rather
longer than wide, fifth scarcely dilated. Prothorax two-thirds wider than
long, the sides arcuate, more strongly so behind, more convergent anteriorly,
the apex perceptibly narrower than the base; angles obtuse; disk strongly and
rather closely punctate, strongly reto-rugose toward the sides; interspaces
nearly smooth in the middle. E/ytra nearly two-thirds longer than wide,
quite distinctly wider than the prothorax, parallel,the apex evenly, but
rather broadly parabolic; punctures moderately sparse and rather coarse, the
interspaces very obsoletely and unevenly rugulose, but strongly shining. Ab-
domen and legs densely clothed with short coarse and pale fulvo-cinereous
hairs. Length 3.0-3.2 mm.; width 1.2-1.3 mm.

Colorado (Rocky Mountains).

The type is a female but with rather distinct sexual characters,
the fifth ventral being strongly rounded at apex and clothed with
pubescence which is black and not pale as it is on the four pre-
ceding segments. Two specimens.

502 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

41. TV. vittiger n. sp.—Oblong-oval, strongly convex, polished, black, the
legs red throughout; antenne testaceous, gradually dusky beyond the middle;
pubescence rather long, even in length, suberect, fine, sparse and einereous,
brownish or blackish in a subsutural vitta on each elytron not attaining the
apex and sometimes almost obliterated; marginal cilia dense and fimbriform.
Head about two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, finely, sparsely punctate, the
interspaces smooth and polished throughout; anterior impressions very feeble,
the median impunctate convexity behind the epistoma conspicuous; epistoma
large, pale; labrum pale, rounded; eyes rather small and but slightly promi-
nent, not attaining the base; antenne stout, moderate in length, the tenth
joint strongly transverse, fifth dilated. Prothorax fully three-fifths wider
than long, the sides convergent, feebly and evenly arcuate from base to apex,
the latter truncate and much narrower than the base, the latter broadly and dis-
tinctly arcuate; disk finely, sparsely punctate, the interspaces smooth through-
out, not at all rugose near the sides. Elytra two-fitths longer than wide, but
slightly wider thau the prothorax, parallel and straight at the sides, very ob-
tusely rounded at apex, sparsely and somewhat coarsely punctate. Abdomen
closely and rather coarsely cinereo-pubescent. Length 2.25-2.8 mm.; width
0.9-1.2 mm.

New Mexico.

The male from which the description is drawn is much smaller
than the female, and has the fifth ventral evenly truncate at apex
but otherwise devoid of modification. In the female the head is
only slightly smaller when compared with the prothorax, but the
latter is decidedly smaller with regard to the elytra, and the dark
elytral stripes are much more evident in the single specimen rep-
resenting the latter sex. ‘Two specimens.

42. T. prominens n. sp.—Oblong, parallel, rather stout, strongly con-
vex, black, without metallic lustre, polished; legs red throughout; antennz
blackish, joints three to five more or less rufous; pubescence cinereous, rather
long, decumbent and sparse anteriorly, dense, shorter, coarser and inter-
mingled with erect cinereous setee uneven in distribution on the elytra; mar-
ginal cilia moderately long, pale and fimbriform. Head not much more than
one-half as wide as the prothorax, convex, very finely, sparsely punctate, the
interspaces smooth throughout; impressions large and very feeble; epistoma
short and broad, trapezoidal; labrum very small, strongly rounded; mandibles
somewhat well developed; eyes large but not prominent; antenne small
and slender, gradually and feebly incrassate, not as long as the prothorax, the
tenth joint moderately transverse, fifth not dilated. Prothorax three-fourths
wider than long, the sides distinctly convergent, evenly and extremely feebly
arcuate from base to apex, the latter much narrower than the base, rectilin-
early truncate but abruptly and anteriorly oblique at the sides, the apical
angles anteriorly prominent, acute and but slightly blunt; basal angles slightly
acute, very feebly everted and but slightly blunt; base feebly arcuato-trun-

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 503

cate; disk minutely and remotely punctate, the interspaces smooth and pol-
ished throughout, not at all rugose at the sides, the surface broadly reflexed
toward the basal angles. £lytra one-half longer than wide, only slightly wider
than the prothorax, parallel and straight at the sides, very broadly and ob-
tusely rounded at apex; punctures fine and rather close-set, the interspaces
relatively wide and polished. Abdomen densely punctulate and densely and
somewhat coarsely cinereo-pubescent, the legs moderate in length and rather
slender. Length 3.8 mm.; width 1.45 mm.

California (southern).

The type is a female, having the fifth ventral broadly subanga-
late at tip, the edge however almost concealed by the dense and
porrect cinereous pubescence. -

43. T. cuspidatus n. sp.—-Oblong, strongly convex, moderately shining,
black, the legs red throughout; antennze dusky, the third, fourth and fifth
joints more or less testaceous; pubescence cinereous, short and very dense
throughout, intermingled on the elytra with erect cinereous setze which are
moderate in length, uneven and rather close-set; marginal cilia short, dense on
the prothorax, much longer on the elytra, fimbriform and ashy. Head three-
fourths as wide as the prothorax, finely, sparsely punctate, the impressions
large and distinct; epistoma narrow and unusually long; labrum cordiform,
but slightly wider than long, narrowly parabolic at apex; eyes large, extend-
ing to the base but only moderately prominent; antennz stout, bristling with
short dense and erect sete, about as long as the prothorax, the outer seven
joints wider and distinctly asymmetric, penultimate joints transverse. Pro-
thorax long, about one-third wider than long, the sides just visibly convergent-
evenly and feebly but distinctly arcuate from base to apex, the latter truncate-
only slightly narrower than the base, the apical angles anteriorly and feebly
prominent and small, the basal broadly rounded and obsolete; disk minutely,
not densely punctate, the interspaces polished, not rugose laterally. E/ytra
two-fifths longer than wide, only slightly wider than the prothorax, parallel
and straight at the sides, very broadly and obtusely rounded at apex, the punc-
tures fine and close-set. Legs and abdomen cinereo-pubescent. Length 3.3
mm.; width 1.4 mm.

California (southern).

This species is founded upon a single male, apparently from the
same source as the preceding female, but the differences are so
radical in the structure of the epistoma and basal angles of the
prothorax that it seems impossible to consider the two forms as
a single species. In this male the fifth ventral is very short, and
is broadly sinuato-truncate at apex.

44. T. indutus n. sp.—Elongate-oval, strongly convex, black, the legs
ted with the tarsi somewhat dusky; antennze black, joints two to four more

504 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

or less testaceous; pubescence pale yellowish, moderate in length, rather
coarse, dense throughout, the longer pale hairs of the elytra scarcely evident,
being much inclined; marginal cilia very short, dense, recurved and fimbri-
form on the prothorax, very much longer and sparser on the elytra. Head
barely three-fifths as wide as the prothorax, convex, minutely, sparsely punc-
tate, smooth and polished throughout, the frontal impressions very feeble;
epistoma elongate, less than one-half wider than long, pale; labrum about as
as long as wide, acutely parabolic at apex; eyes large but not prominent; an-
tenn as long as the prothorax, feebly incrassate, the penultimate joints
moderately transverse, fifth scarcely dilated. Prothoraz two-thirds wider than
long, the sides feebly convergent from base to apex and feebly arcuate, more
distinctly though broadly so behind the middle; apex rectilinearly truncate,
anteriorly oblique at the sides, the angles acute and scarcely blunt; basal
angles broadly obtuse but distinct; disk minutely and sparsely punctate; in-
terspaces smooth and polished, not in the least rugose at the sides. Elytra
three-fourths longer than wide, scarcely visibly wider than the prothorax,
parallel aud straight at the sides, semi-circularly rounded at apex, finely and
densely punctate, the interspaces smooth, slightly rugiform as usual by anteri-
orly oblique light. Abdomen finely, densely punctulate, densely cinereo-pu-
bescent, the legs moderately long. Length 3.0 mm.; width 1.2 mm.

Arizona.

This distinct species is represented before me by a single
female from an unknown part of the Territory. The longer hairs
of the elytra are so much inclined and so indistinct that their
presence might readily be overlooked, and the species assigned
to the preceding subdivision of the genus.

45. T. fumbriatus n. sp.—Oblong, parallel, evenly convex, piceous-
black; legs and antennze blackish throughout; vestiture moderately long,
coarse, dense throughout, bright fulvous in color, the elytra with long, erect,
very coarse and conspicuous sete of the same color, uniformly distributed over
the entire surface; marginal cilia rather short, very dense, reclined and fim-
briform on the prothorax, much longer on the elytra, pale. Head three-
fourths as wide as the prothorax, convex, finely but strongly, sparsely punc-
tate; interspaces smooth and polished throughout; frontal impressions almost
obsolete; epistoma extremely short and broad; labrum strongly rounded; eyes
large but only moderately prominent; antennze distinctly longer than the pro-
thorax, rather slender, feebly incrassate, the penultimate joints moderately
transverse, fifth scarcely at all dilated. Prothorax twice as wide as long, the
sides prominently rounded behind the middle, convergent and feebly arcuate
thence to the obtuse and rounded apical angles, and still more convergent and
straight to the basal angles, which are very obtuse and indistinct; apex trun-
cate, with a very broad and obsolete entering angle at the middle, as wide as
the base; disk finely but strongly, sparsely punctate; interspaces smooth and
polished, but slightly rugose near the sides. Elytra fully one-half longer than
wide, not at all wider than the widest part of the prothorax, parallel, semi-

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 505

circularly rounded behind, rather finely but strongly punctate with polished
interspaces, which are relatively much wider than the punctures. Abdomen
and legs polished, coarsely but not very densely cinereo-pubescent. Length
2.7 mm.; width 1.1 mm.

California.

The male type of this very isolated species has the fifth ventral
short and broadly, feebly sinuato-truncate at apex, but without
further modification. Fimbriatus may be known at a glance by
the very short angulate and strongly fimbriate prothorax, very
coarse and bristling pale sets of the elytra, and by the fulvous
pubescence.

46. T. pruimosus n. sp.—Elongate, subparallel, convex, polished, black,
without metallic lustre; legsand antenne black, the tarsi slightly rufo-piceous;
vestiture cinereous, denuded and mutilated in the types but apparently un-
usually short, rather dense, with the erect pale setee short and only distinct
toward apex, intermingled toward the sides of the pronotum with some long
stiff black hairs; marginal cilia long, stiff, black and sparse throughout. Head
rather more than three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, convex, finely, sparsely
punctate, smooth and polished throughout, the frontal impressions small and
very feeble; epistoma large, arcuato-truncate, strongly transverse, pale and cori-
aceous; labrum large, broadly rounded, blackish in color; eyes rather large
but not prominent, somewhat distant from the prothorax; antennze about as
long as the prothorax, not very stout, the outer joints moderately transverse,
strongly asymmetric, with the apical sensitive patches well developed, fifth
searcely dilated, third and fourth feebly picescent. Prothorax long, scarcely
more than one-fourth wider than long, the sides just visibly convergent and
very slightly arcuate, more distinctly so near the base, the basal angles obtuse
but not rounded, slightly prominent though blunt; apical slightly obtuse and
narrowly rounded; apex feebly arcuato-truncate, very little narrower than the
base, the latter evenly and strongly arcuate throughout; disk minutely, rather
sparsely punctate, smooth, not rugose at thesides. Elytra nearly three-fourths
longer than wide, perceptibly wider than the prothorax, evenly rounded be-
hind, parallel, finely and rather closely punctate. Abdomen clothed with
somewhat long coarse and cinereous pubescence. Length 3.1—4.2 mm.; width
1.15-1.5 mm.

California.

The two female types before me differ greatly in size, and have
the pubescence not only denuded in great part but more or less
broken, so that it is not possible to state its true development
with much precision. The species is remarkably distinct, as may
be judged by the description, and is one of those forms which it
is difficult to assign to either Byturosomus or Emmenotarsus of
Motschulsky, proving that those groups are not tenable as genera.

506 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

47. T. fuscus Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., VI, p. 169 (Dasytes);
1. c., 1866, p. 351 ( Pristoscelis).

Oblong, very stout, convex, shining, black; legs and antennz
rufous; pubescence cinereous, moderate in length and coarseness,
dense on the elytra, sparser and finer on the pronotum; erect sete
of the elytra pale; pronotum with a few blackish sete toward the
sides anteriorly; marginal cilia very long and blackish on the
prothorax, equally long but paler on the elytra. Head not quite
one-half as wide as the prothorax, smooth, minutely and sparsely
punctate; antenne moderate. Prothorax fully three-fourths
wider than long, the sides feebly convergent, evenly and distinctly
arcuate from base to apex; all the angles obtuse and broadly
rounded; base rather strongly arcuate toward the middle; disk
smooth and polished throughout, minutely and sparsely punctate.
Elytra two-fifths longer than wide, scarcely visibly wider than the
prothorax, parallel, evenly and broadly rounded at apex, finely
and somewhat closely punctate. Length 3.0-3.6 mm.; width
1.4-1.7 mm.

California (San Diego Co.). The above sketch refers to the
female, and the male, as remarked by LeConte, is quite different
in form, being less stout, with the head a little more than one-
half as wide as the prothorax, the latter scarcely more than one-
half wider than long though similar otherwise, except that the
pubescence is a little darker and less obvious in the median parts
of the disk, and that the elytra are relatively shorter, narrowed
feebly from the base and not at all wider than the prothorax ; in
the female the elytra are much more than twice as long as the
prothorax, while in the male they are quite as conspicuously less
than twice as long. The fifth ventral in the male is broadly and
feebly sinuate at apex but otherwise unmodified, and, in both
sexes, the pronotum is feebly indented in the middle near the
base.

48. T. seriellus n. sp.—Oblong-oval, rather stout and convex, black;
legs black with the tibize and tarsi rufescent; antennze dark rufo-piceous;
pubescence cinereous, moderately long and coarse, dense and intermingled with
erect pale sete on the elytra, rather less dense on the pronotum; marginal
cilia of the prothorax rather short, dense and fimbriform, of the elytra longer
and less close-set, pale throughout. Head fully three-fourths as wide as the
prothorax, convex, smooth and polished throughout, minutely and sparsely
punctate; frontal impressions rather large and feeble; epistoma moderately

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 507

long, wide, truncate; labrum obtusely ogival at apex, bristling with long set;
eyes rather large and convex, not quite attaining the base; antennz broad and
compressed, a little longer than the prothorax, the penultimate joints very
strongly transverse. Prothorax two-thirds wider than long, the sides sub-
parallel, evenly and moderately arcuate from base to apex, the latter broadly
arcuate with a very obsolete entering angle at the middle, the apical angles
obtuse and rounded; basalangles, obtuse but not rounded and minutely, feebly
prominent; base arcuate; disk minutely and sparsely punctate, smooth and
polished throughout. Elytra scarcely one-half longer than wide and only just
visibly wider than the prothorax, parallel, evenly rounded at apex, rather
finely but strongly and closely punctate. Length 2.6-3.2 mm.; width 1.15-
1.45 mm.

Utah.

The description refers to the male, in which sex the intromit-
tent organ is in the form of a flattened cylindrical sheath, ob-
liquely truncate at apex, with the inferior surface produced at tip
in a fine slender cusp-point. In the female the head is not more
than two-thirds as wide as the prothorax. Numerous specimens.

Several specimens apparently not differing otherwise, have the
legs and antenne rufous throughout, the apical joint of the latter
blackish.

49. T. sobrinus n. sp.—Oblong-suboval, moderately convex, polished
throughout, the head and pronotum not at all rugose even at the sides, black;
legs and antennz rufous, the eleventh joint of the latter dusky; pubescence
ochreo-cinereous, moderately long and coarse, dense and intermingled with
erect, pale and coarse hairs on the elytra, more decumbent and sparser anteri-
orly; marginal cilia pale, somewhat long, dense and fimbriform on the protho-
rax, scarcely longer but more distant on the elytra. Head three-fifths as wide
as the prothorax, convex, minutely and sparsely punctate, the frontal impres-
sions very feeble; epistoma rather long and narrower than usual, pale and
coriaceous; labrum almost as long as wide, strongly and nearly evenly rounded
and pale at apex; eyes rather large, slightly prominent, not attaining the base,
the tempora behind them opaque and asperate; antennze somewhat stout, dis-
tinetly longer than the prothorax, the penultimate joints strongly transverse,
fifth not dilated. Prothorax nearly three-fourths wider than long, parallel and
very feebly arcuate at the sides to basal third, there more prominently rounded
and thence more convergent and nearly straight to the basal angles, which are
obtuse but distinct and minutely prominent; apical angles obtuse and broadly
rounded; apex and base broadly arcuate; disk minutely and sparsely punctate.
Elytra not quite one-half longer than wide, scarcely perceptibly wider than
- the prothorax, parallel, evenly rounded at apex, finely and closely punctate.
Abdomen finely cinereo-pubescent. Length 3.3 mm.; width 1.2-1.3 mm.

California.

508 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

The male above described has the fifth ventral short and
broadly, feebly sinuato-truncate at apex. The female differs from
the male in the larger and more elongate elytra, the head and pro-
thorax being relatively smaller, but having nearly the same ratio
between themselves. Two specimens from an unrecorded part of
the State.

50. T. mucidus n. sp.—Oblong-oval, strongly convex, black, the legs
and antenne rufous, the first and eleventh joints of the latter darker; pubes-
cence rather short, closely decumbent, pale yellowish-cinereous in color, very
coarse and dense, intermingled on the elytra with a few suberect pale setze to-
ward the sides, coarse but a little less dense and directed obliquely backward
toward the middle on the pronotum; marginal cilia somewnat short and fim-
briform, pale. Head two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, convex, smooth,
finely, sparsely punctate, the impressions very feeble; epistoma rather short
and transverse with a fine pale coriaceous margin; labrum strongly rounded;
eyes moderately large and prominent, not attaining the base; antenne but
slightly longer than the prothorax, the outer joints moderately transverse and
asymmetric, fifth not perceptibly dilated. Prothorax three-fifths wider than
long, widest and broadly rounded at basal third, the sides thence feebly con-
vergent and slightly arcuate to the obtuse and widely rounded apical angles,
and convergent and nearly straight for a short distance to the basal angles
which are obtuse but evident and minutely, feebly prominent; apex subtrun-
cate toward the middle, much narrower than the base, the latter broadly,
feebly arcuate; disk minutely and relatively not densely punctate, very feebly
rugulose toward the sides. Elytra one-half longer than wide, scarcely at all
wider than the prothorax, the sides parallel and straight; apex evenly and not
very broadly rounded; disk finely and closely punctate. Abdomen and legs
densely clothed with short luteo-cinereous pubescence. Length 2.7 mm.;
width 1.2 mm.

California.

The unique male type represents a species evidently allied
closely to the two preceding, but differing in the very feebly de-
veloped erect setze of the elytra and in the convergent sides of
the prothorax. The sexual characters are feeble as usual, the
apex of the fifth ventral being broadly and obsoletely sinuato-
truncate.

51. T. brevicornis Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., VI, p. 169
(Dasytes ); 1. ¢., 1866, p. 353 ( Pristoscelis).

Oblong, strongly convex, moderately shining, black, the legs
and antenne rufous, the latter feebly obscure toward tip ; pubes-
cence pale, moderate in length and coarseness, rather dense but
not concealing the surface, the inclined setz on the elytra only

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 509

distinct toward the sides ; marginal cilia rather long, pale. Head
three-fifths as wide as the prothorax, strongly and rather closely
punctato-rugose, the impressions subobsolete; epistoma rather
long, transverse, pale, the labrum one-half wider than long, broadly
arcuato-truncate ; eyes moderate in size and prominence, not at-
taining the base; antenne a little longer than the prothorax,
rather slender, joints five to seven subequal, eighth smaller, nine
to eleven wider, the tenth moderately transverse. Prothorax two-
thirds wider than long, the sides parallel, broadly and strongly
arcuate, more convergent and straighter anteriorly, the apex trun-
cate and equal to the base; apical angles obtuse but scarcely at all
rounded from above, the basal very obtuse; disk strongly asper-
ato-punctate, more rugose toward the sides; punctures not very
coarse. Elytra three-fifths longer than wide, very slightly wider
than the prothorax, parallel and straight at the sides, evenly
rounded at apex, rather finely but asperately and somewhat closely
punctate. Abdomen somewhat thinly cinereo-pubescent. Length
2.5 mm.; width 1.0 mm.

California (southern). The description is taken from the fe-
male, which is the only sex which I have seen, and in that sex the
fifth ventral is evenly and strongly rounded behind. The species
may be readily distinguished from the others which immediately
precede by its more asperate sculpture and smaller size.

52. T.. villiis n. sp.—Oblong, moderately convex, dull, the elytra shining,
black, the legs pale ferruginous throughout; antenne black, gradually pale
toward base, the first joint palest; pubescence rather long and coarse but only
moderately dense, not at all concealing the surface, cinereous, the semi-erect
pale hairs very sparse and only visible toward the sides of the elytra; mar-
ginal cilia long and pale throughout, scarcely fimbriform. Head three-fourths
as wide as the prothorax, asperately though not densely punctate, the inter-
spaces strongly reticulato-rugose; impressions very feeble, epistoma moderate
in length, partly pale; labrum small, almost semi-circularly rounded; eyes
moderate, slightly prominent, not attaining the base; antennie well developed,
one-third longer than the prothorax, compact, the outer joints not at all asym-
metric and feebly transverse, fifth only just visibly larger. Prothorax three-
fifths wider than long, the sides parallel, evenly and strongly arcuate through-
out; angles all obtuse; apex and base equal and somewhat arcuato-truncate;
disk rather finely and sparsely but asperately punctate, the surface densely
reticulato-rugose, rather more strongly so toward the sides. Elytra not quite
one-half longer than wide, scarcely visibly wider than the prothorax, parallel,
very broadly and rather abruptly rounded behind, strongly but not very
densely punctate, the punctures small and feebly asperate but at the same

510 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

time broadly impressed. Abdomen rather thinly cinereo-pubescent, the legs
decidedly thick. Length 1.7-2.6 mm.; width 0.8-1.15 mm.

California (San Diego). Mr. Dunn.

The female differs from the above described male in its larger
size, relatively longer and wider elytra, smaller head, more slender
and less claviform anterior tibize and especially in its much
shorter and more slender antenne, with the fifth joint distinctly
dilated and very transverse, the sixth and eighth being small;
also in the smoother sculpture of the pronotum. The fifth ven-
tral of the male is very short and transversely truncate.

This species, which was taken in some abundance, is evidently
allied to brevicornis, but may be distinguished by the sparser
vestiture, less transverse prothorax which is more evenly
rounded at the sides, and by slight differences in the antennal
structure of the female.

53. T. imsigmis n. sp.—Oblong, stout and convex, polished, black; legs
and antenne black with the funicle of the latter slightly pale toward base,
and the tarsi piceous; pubescence rather long, dense and decumbent, pale
luteo-cinereous, becoming blackish in a discal spot on each elytron near the
base and another much larger behind the middle; body bristling throughout
with long erect black setze. Head scarcely more than one-half as wide as the
prothorax, smooth, finely but strongly and sparsely punctate, the impressions
very feeble; epistoma long, truncate; labrum long, strongly rounded at apex;
eyes rather large, nearly attaining the base; antenne somewhat slender and
scarcely at all incrassate, a little longer than the prothorax, the outer joints
not asymmetric and but feebly transverse, fifth only slightly dilated. Pro-
thorax three-fifths wider than long, widest slightly behind the middle where
the sides are very broadly and obtusely subangulate, thence just visibly con-
vergent and straight to the basal angles which are nearly right and but slightly
blunt, more convergent and straight to the apical angles which are but slightly
blunt and somewhat prominent anteriorly from above: apex distinctly nar-
rower than the base, both transversely truncate; disk finely, sparsely punctate
and highly polished, not at all rugose laterally. E£lytra one-half longer than
wide, only slightly wider than the prothorax, parallel and straight at the
sides, evenly but rather broadly rounded at apex, the punctures fine but
strong and rather close-set. Abdomen very minutely and densely punctu-
late, densely clothed, as are also the legs, with luteo-cinereous pubescence.
Length 3.6-4.0 mm.; width 1.6-1.8 mm.

California (southeastern).

The two representatives of this striking species before me are
both females, and the second specimen has the two large dark
spots on each elytron subconfluent, the posterior pair uniting also
transversely on the suture.

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 511

54. VT. curticollis n. sp.—Oblong, robust, convex, black with a slight
piceo-violaceous tinge, the integuments polished; legs bright rufo-ferruginous
throughout; antennze piceo-testaceous, blackish beyond the middle and at base;
pubescence rather long, coarse, decumbent, moderately dense and pale luteo-
cinereous, becoming blackish in a central region of the pronotum and in tivo
large discal spots on each elytron, one near the base and the other, but
slightly larger, behind the middle; erect black setee long but rather sparse.
Head slightly more than one-half as wide as the prothorax, smooth, finely but
strongly, sparsely punctate, more closely so along the middle, the impressions
feeble; epistoma moderate in length and strongly transverse; labrum rather
short but large, broadly rounded at apex; eyes large, somewhat prominent;
antennie very much longer than the prothorax, slightly incrassate toward apex,
the penultimate joints subtriangular, somewhat asymmetric and but slightly
wider than long, fifth not dilated. Prothorav fully three-fourths wider than
long, the sides very feebly convergent, evenly and feebly arcuate from base to
apex, the apex transversely truncate throughout, slightly narrower than the
base which is feebly arcuate; apical angles obtuse and distinctly though nar-
rowly rounded, not in the least prominent anteriorly, the basal obtuse but dis-
tinct and feebly reflexed; disk finely, sparsely punctate, not at all rugose to-
ward the sides. E/ytra scarcely two-fifths longer than wide, distinctly wider
than the prothorax, parallel and straight at the sides, broadly and evenly
rounded at apex, finely and moderately closely punctate. Abdomen rather
thinky cinereo-pubescent. Length 3.5 mm.; width 1.5 mm.

California.

The type of this species is also a female. It resembles in-
signis at first sight, because of the four quasi-denuded spots of
the elytra, but may readily be distinguished by the pale legs,
short prothorax with more obtuse apical angles, shorter and
broader epistoma and labrum, longer antennz and other char-
acters. A single specimen from an unrecorded part of the State.

Another female, evidently immature. represents a species
closely allied to this but without the dark elytral spots, with a
less transverse prothorax and with much more numerous erect
black sete.

55. T. suturalis Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., VI, p. 169
(Dasytes); 1. ¢., 1866, p. 354 ( Pristoscelis); conformis Lec.: 1. ¢., VI, p. 169
and 1866, p. 354.

Oblong-oval, rather stout, strongly convex, black and very
highly polished throughout; legs and antennz deep black; vesti-
ture consisting of long erect and bristling black setz which are
rather close-set throughout and intermingled toward the sides and
basal angles of the pronotum and flanks of the elytra with some

512 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

short cinereous hairs; suture bordered narrowly with stiff inclined
cinereous hairs; scutellum sparsely clothed with short fine brown
hairs. Head two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, convex, smooth,
finely and sparsely punctate, the impressions small and very
feeble; antennz well developed, about as long as the prothorax,
distinctly incrassate, the penultimate joints strongly transverse.
Prothorax large, two-fifths wider than long, the sides just visibly
convergent and extremely feebly arcuate from base to apex, feebly
serrulate, becoming slightly sinuate toward base, the angles dis-
tinct; apical angles nearly right and very distinct ; disk minutely,
sparsely punctate throughout. Elytra at base exactly equal to
the base of the prothorax and closely applied throughout the
width, three-fifths Jonger than wide, the sides just visibly con-
vergent from the base; apex rather strongly rounded ; punctures
fine but sparse and somewhat strong. Length 2.4-3.75 mm.;
width 1.1—-1.7 mm.

California (San Diego). An abundant species, represented in
my cabinet by a large series exhibiting as usual great variability
in size. The description here given is taken from the male, and
the female is broader with a relatively more transverse prothorax,
slightly smaller head and parallel elytra which are more broadly
rounded at apex. I cannot distinguish the original types of con-
Formis from this species.

56. T. Varius n. sp.—Oblong, strongly convex, shining, black or with a
faint piceous tinge; elytral apices rufescent; legs, epistoma and labrum pale
rufo-testaceous; antennz testaceous, blackish toward apex; pubescence short,
dense, decumbent, pale luteo-cinereous, blackish and inconspicuous in a
broad pronotal vitta, and in a broad and well defined stripe on each
elytron not attaining the apex and nearer the suture than the exterior
margin; erect hairs, long, cinereous, scarcely evident toward the mid-
dle but dense and bristling laterally. Head nearly four-fifths as wide as
the prothorax, finely, sparsely punctate, smooth, the impressions sub-
obsolete; epistoma transverse; labrum large, strongly rounded; eyes promi-
nent, moderate in size; antennz rather slender, strongly serrate and setose
within, one-third longer than the prothorax, the tenth joint but little wider
than long and subtriangular, fifth slightly dilated. Prothorax rather small,
not quite one-half wider than long, the sides feebly convergent from base to
apex and strongly, almost evenly arcuate; angles very obtuse and rounded;
apex narrower than the base, arcuate; disk finely and sparsely punctate, pol-
ished, not at all rugose laterally. Elytra one-half longer than wide, at base
about one-third wider than the prothorax, the sides feebly convergent from
the base; apex obtuse; disk rather finely but strongly, not very densely punc-

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 513

tate. Abdomen thinly cinereo-pubescent. Length 2.8-3.2 mm.; width 0.95—
1.35 mm.

Arizona (Benson). Mr. Dunn.

A very distinct form, represented before me by numerous speci-
mens displaying considerable variation, the central dark area of
the pronotum being wholly obliterated in some cases. The male
above described differs from the female in its smaller size and
narrower form, and the female has the elytra larger and parallel,
the antenne relatively shorter and the head barely three-fourths
as wide as the prothorax; the fifth ventral of the male is feebly
sinuato-truncate at tip. Many of the examples before me have
the entire elytra rufo-ferruginous, except a clouded piceous area
at the base.

57. T. qguadricollis Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1859, p. 75
{ Dasytes); 1. ¢., 1866, p. 354 (Pristoscelis ).

Oblong, rather stout and strongly convex, polished, the head
and prothorax not at all rugose toward the sides, black, without
metallic lustre; legs black, the tarsi and antenne slightly pi-
ceous; pubescence consisting of numerous long erect and black
hairs, confusedly intermingled on the elytra with a very few
coarse and cinereous dispersed hairs, which are only slightly
more numerous toward the suture, sides and apex. Head nearly
two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, convex, finely, sparsely
punctulate, the frontal impressions rather small and well marked ;
epistoma transverse; labrum strongly rounded, pale toward tip;
antenne distinctly longer than the prothorax, the outer joints
transverse, clothed with fine sparse hairs which become shorter,
denser and more erect setz within. Prothorax three-fifths wider
than long, the sides almost parallel and very feebly arcuate, be-
coming slightly sinuate and convergent near the basal angles which
are obtuse but distinct and slightly reflexed; apex rectilinearly
truncate, very feebly and anteriorly oblique near the sides, the
apical angles only slightly obtuse and blunt; base arcuate; disk
finely, sparsely punctate. Elytra nearly two-thirds longer than
wide and one-fourth wider than the prothorax, parallel, dehiscent
and broadly rounded behind, finely but strongly, not very densely
punctate. Length 3.4 mm.; width 1.35 mm.

California (southern). The description given above refers to
the female, and the species exhibits a close affinity with sutu-

514 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

ralis, ditfering in the nature of the vestiture, narrower form of the
body, and in the smaller and narrower prothorax of the female.

58. VT. remotus n. sp.—Elongate, suboval, convex, polished, black, with-
out metallic lustre; legs and antennz black throughout; pubescence coarse,
sparse, subdecumbent, in great part cinereous on the pronotum, blackish
with cinereous hairs confusedly interspersed on the elytra especially near
the suture, apex and flanks; entire body bristling with numerous very
long erect blackish setz. Head rather small, two-thirds as wide as the
prothorax, convex, smooth, finely but strongly and sparsely punctate,
the frontal impressions very feeble; eyes moderate in size, rather promi-
nent; antennz somewhat slender, only very feebly incrassate, one-third
longer than the prothorax, the outer joints scarcely asymmetric, the tenth mod-
erately transverse, fifth feebly dilated. Prothorax two-thirds wider than long,
parallel, the sides almost evenly and rather strongly arcuate, more convergent
and very feebly sinuate near the basal angles which are obtuse but distinct
and feebly reflexed; apical angles obtuse and rounded; apex and base equal,
broadly and almost equally arcuate; disk finely but strongly, sparsely punc-
tate, not at all rugose near the sides. Elytra elongate, nearly three-fourths
longer than wide, very slightly wider than the prothorax and about three
times as long, parallel and straight at the sides, the apex evenly and not very
broadly rounded; disk finely and somewhat closely punctate. Abdomen
densely cinereo-pubescent, the legs well developed. Length 3.5 mm.; width
1.3 mm.

California.

A single male from an unknown part of the State serves as the
type of this species; the fifth ventral is unusually long, trapezoi-
dal and truncate but otherwise unmodified, and the inner spur of
the anterior and middle tibiee is widely dilated Remotus may be
distinguished from qguadricollis by the rounded sides of the pro-
thorax and much smaller head.

59. T. conspersus n. sp.—Elongate, moderately convex, polished,
black with scarcely any metallic lustre; legs piceous, the antennz black; pu-
bescence coarse, moderately long, subdecumbent, cinereous, sparse on the pro-
notum, distinct and-rather dense throughout the elytra except in a narrow and
indefinite region on each near the suture where it becomes partly blackish and
inconspicuous; body bristling throughout the upper surface with numerous
long erect black setze, which are somewhat longer toward the sides of the pro-
notum than on the elytra. Head two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, smooth
throughout, finely and sparsely punctate, the frontal impressions very feeble;
epistoma rather long and unusually narrow; labrum strongly rounded; eyes
somewhat large but not very prominent, not attaining the base; antennze
scarcely longer than the prothorax, the penultimate joints moderately trans-
verse. Prothorax two-thirds wider than long, widest just behind the middle,

ee ee

aco

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 515

where the sides are broadly rounded, thence becoming distinctly convergent
and very feebly arcuate to the apical angles, which are slightly obtuse but very
distinct and scarcely at all rounded, convergent and feebly sinuate very near
the basal angles, these being obtuse but distinct; apex and base equal, broadly,
feebly arcuate; disk finely and sparsely punctate, not rugose laterally. Elytra
two-thirds longer than wide, nearly one-fourth wider than the prothorax, the
sides subparallel, feebly sinuate behind the unusually tumid humeri; apex
evenly and not broadly rounded; disk finely but strongly, not very densely
punctate. Abdomen densely punctulate, not very conspicuously cinereo-pubes-

cent. Length 3.2 mm.; width 1.1 mm.

California (Sta. Barbara). Mr. Dunn.

This species may be distinguished from the preceding by its
much more slender form, anteriorly convergent sides of the pro-
thorax and shorter erect sete of the elytra, as well as by the
more abundant cinereous pubescence, which last however is a vari-
able character. It is represented by a single female example.

60. T. mexicanus n. sp.—Oblong, not very stout, strongly convex,
feebly shining, black; legs pale rufo-ferruginous throughout; antennze in great
part pale; pubescence rather long and coarse but sparse, whitish, subdecum-
bent, darker and less conspicuous in an elongate streak on each elytron near
the suture; body bristling above with numerous long erect blackish sete.
Head nearly four-fifths as wide as the prothorax, strongly and rather closely
punctured, the interspaces smooth and polished throughout; frontal impressions
feeble; epistoma transverse; labrum strongly rounded, in great part pale; eyes
moderate in size and rather prominent; antennze somewhat long, distinctly ser-
rate. Prothorax unusually elongate, only very slightly wider than long, sub-
globularly convex, the sides broadly rounded behind, sensibly convergent and
nearly straight anteriorly, the apex distinctly narrower than the base, both
arcuate; angles obtuse and scarcely distinct, the posterior apparently broadly
rounded; disk rather coarsely, deeply and closely punctate, not rugose at the
sides. Elytra two-thirds longer than wide, only slightly wider than the pro-
thorax, parallel and straight behind the humeri which are somewhat promi-
nently tumid; apex evenly, not very broadly rounded; disk coarsely, strongly
and densely punctured. Aldomen and legs rather densely cinereo-pubescent.
Length 2.75 mm.; width 1.05 mm.

Mexico (northern). Cab. Levette.

This species is wholly different from any of those with which
it must be associated in this revision, especially in the elongate
and more globular form of the prothorax and coarse close punc-
tuation. The description refers to the male, in which sex the
fifth ventral is truncate as usual. Mewxicanus is represented by
two similar male examples which cannot apparently be associated

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., VIII, Aug., 1895.—36

516 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

with any of the few species described in the “ Biologia ” under the
name Pristoscelis.

61. T. rufipenmis Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1858, p. 71
(Dasytes); 1. ¢., 1866, p. 356 ( Pristoscelis).

Stout, black, the elytra throughout pale rufous; integuments
polished ; pubescence in great part denuded in the type but ap-
parently rather short, sparse and comparatively inconspicuous,
erect along the sides of the body; antenne short, incrassate, the
outer joints transverse. Prothorax three-fifths wider than long,
the sides parallel and broadly arcuate ; apical and basal angles
broadly rounded; disk evenly convex, finely and sparsely pune-
tate. Elytra one-fourth wider than the prothorax and three
times as long, more coarsely and strongly and a little more
closely though still not densely punctured. Length 5.5 mm.;
width 2.5 mm.

Arizona (Gila.) The only known specimen is the unique type
in the cabinet of LeConte, from which the above superficial
notes were taken a few years since. It may be recognized by its
unusually large size and by its coloration.

62. T. Lobatus n. sp.—Subcylindrical, convex, shining, black; legs black,
the tibiz and tarsi rufescent; antennee black, the funicle slightly rufescent
toward base; pubescence cinereous, subdecumbent, rather long and dense, in-
termingled with a few long blackish setze toward the sides of the pronotum,
the erect hairs of the elytra very coarse and abundant but only moderately
long, inclined posteriorly and cinereous, longer at the margins. Head three-
fourths as wide as the prothorax, finely, sparsely punctate, the frontal impres-
sions feeble; epistoma moderately short, impunctate and thin toward apex;
labrum short and transverse though large, very broadly rounded; eyes rather
large; antennz distinctly incrassate, a little longer than the prothorax, clothed
densely with short stiff hairs, the penultimate joints transverse. Prothorax
three-fifths wider than long, the sides perfectly parallel and very feebly arcuate
almost throughout, feebly sinuate toward the basal angles which are obtuse
but distinct, the base obliquely sinuate for a short distance near the angles,
broadly and strongly arcuate in the middle; apex broadly arcuato-truncate,
fully as wide as the base or slightly wider, the apical angles but slightly ob-
tuse and blunt; disk finely, sparsely punctate, rugulose only very near the
lateral edges. Elytra about three-fifths longer than wide, only very slightly
wider than the prothorax, parallel, evenly rounded at apex, finely and some-
what closely punctate, the interspaces polished. Abdomen and legs only
moderately densely cinereo-pubescent. Length 2.7 mm.; width 1.1 mm.

California (Sta. Barbara). Mr. Dunn.

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 517

_ Although to be placed near brevipilosus in a natural scheme of
classification, this species is not closely allied; it is smaller, with
the pale setze of the elytra coarser and very much more abundant,
and the lobiform base of the prothorax is more pronounced. The
single male has the fifth ventral much longer than the fourth and
only moderately broadly sinuato-truncate at apex.

63. T. brevipilosus Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1866, p. 353
( Pristoscelis ).

Elongate, parallel, strongly convex, polished, black with a
grayish-eneous lustre; legs piceous-black, the tibiz and _ tarsi
rufescent; antenne piceous-black; pubescence rather long and
moderately coarse, subdecumbent, pale fulvo-cinereous and some-
what dense, with numerous erect sete which are long bristling
and in great part black anteriorly but short and mostly pale on
the elytra, where they are intermixed with a few very long black
hairs toward the sides; marginal fringe of the elytra moderately
long, fine and in great part ashy. Head fully two-thirds as wide
as the prothorax, smooth, finely and sparsely punctate, the
epistoma extremely short; labrum short and broadly rounded ;
antenne scarcely longer than the prothorax, not very stout, the
penultimate joints but slightly asymmetric and moderately trans-
verse, fifth just visibly dilated. Prothorax two-thirds wider than
long, the sides parallel, almost evenly and moderately arcuate ;
angles somewhat distinct though blunt; disk minutely, sparsely
punctate, not rugose laterally. Elytra three-fifths longer than
wide, only slightly wider than the prothorax, parallel, rather
acutely rounded behind; humeri only moderately prominent ;
punctures fine but strong and relatively not very close-set. Ab-
domen and legs densely clothed with short coarse fulvo-cinereous
pubescence. Length 3.3 mm.; width 1.3 mm.

Middle California. The female here described is the only rep-
resentative which I have seen. This species is not liable to be
confounded with any other known to me.

Another female, from a different locality in California, seems to
represent a very closely allied species with a shorter and smaller
prothorax and a less abbreviated epistoma, the latter having a
much broader impunctate margin.

64. T. hystrix n. sp.—Oblong, strongly convex, highly polished, black
with a feeble bluish-zeneous lustre; legs piceous-black, the tarsi paler; an-

518 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

tenn blackish, the funicle paler toward base; pubescence rather long and
coarse, not very dense, subdecumbent, intermingled throughout above with
very numerous long erect black setee. Head two-thirds as wide as the protho-
Trax, convex, smooth, finely and sparsely punctate, the frontal impressions
very feeble; epistoma moderate in length, transverse; labrum well developed,
angulate at apex; eyes rather large and prominent; antenn two-fifths longer
than the prothorax, slightly incrassate toward tip, the tenth joint subtriangu-
lar, moderately transverse and but slightly asymmetric, fifth large and long
though only slightly wider. Prothorax three-fifths wider than long, the sides
parallel, evenly and rather strongly arcuate throughout, a little more conver-
gent near the basal angles which are obtuse but not rounded and very nar-
rowly reflexed; apical angles obtuse and rounded; apex broadly and feebly
arcuate; disk finely, sparsely punctate, not rugose laterally. Elytra scarcely
three-fifths longer than wide, only very slightly wider than the prothorax,
parallel and straight at the sides, the apex moderately obtuse; punctures dis-
tinct though not coarse, rather well separated. Abdomen moderately densely
clothed with short, fine and cinereous pubescence. Length 2.85 mm.; width
1.1 mm.

California (San Luis Obispo Co.).

Readily identifiable by the hispid black hairs, small size,
strongly arcuate sides of the prothorax and other characters as
detailed in the table. It is represented by a single female speci-
men in an excellent state of preservation.

65. T. barbare n. sp.—Elongate, parallel, rather feebly convex, polished,
black with scarcely a trace of metallic lustre; legs black, the tarsi picescent;
antenne black, the funicle testaceous toward the base, the first joint black;
pubescence rather coarse and somewhat short, moderately dense, fulvo-cinereous,
intermixed throughout with long erect and bristling black sete. Head three-
fourths as wide as the prothorax, smooth and polished, finely, sparsely punc-
tate, the impressions feeble; epistoma transverse, moderate in length; labrum
strongly rounded; eyes large; antennze slightly longer than the prothorax,
feebly incrassate toward tip, the penultimate joints transverse, fifth only feebly
dilated. Prothorax three-fifths wider than long, the sides parallel, almost
evenly and very feebly arcuate throughout, convergent and slightly sinuate
very near the basal angles which are obtuse but not rounded and feebly re-
flexed; apical angles slightly obtuse and distinctly blunt; apex nearly similar
to the base, broadly and feebly arcuate; disk finely, sparsely punctate, not ru-
gose laterally. Elytra two-thirds longer than wide, very slightly wider than
the prothorax, parallel and straight at the sides, the apex evenly rounded;
disk rather finely but strongly, quite densely punctate. Legs and abdomen
densely clothed with short luteo-cinereous pubescence. Length 3.25 mm.;
width 1.25-1.3 mm.

California (Sta. Barbaraj. Mr. Dunn.
The female differs but slightly from the male described above,

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 519
the elytra being only just visibly shorter and broader, and the
head about three-fifths as wide as the prothorax. The fifth ven-
tral in the male is transversely truncate and short as usual. Six
specimens.

This species may be readily distinguished from hystrix by its
more elongate and depressed form and teebly rounded sides of
the prothorax.

66. T. tectus n. sp.—Oblong, rather stout, strongly convex, polished, black,
without metallic lustre; legs piceous-black ; antennie black, piceous toward base;
pubescence long, coarse, cinereous, subdecumbent, intermixed throughout the
upper surface with moderately abundant very coarse and erect black set.
Head three-fifths as wide as the prothorax, smooth and polished, rather finely
but strongly and somewhat closely perforato-punctate, the impressions almost
obsolete; epistoma large, transverse; labrum large and long, broadly rounded,
with a transverse series of stiff setee behind the middle; eyes rather large but
not prominent; antennze barely as long as the prothorax, feebly incrassate to-
ward tip, the penultimate joints distinctly transverse. Prothorax three-fifths
wider than long, parallel, the sides evenly and feebly arcuate throughout; all
the angles slightly obtuse and blunt though distinguishable; apex and base
equal, feebly and equally arcuate; disk finely but strongly, rather sparsely
perforato-punctate, not at all rugose toward the sides. E/ytra one-half longer
than wide, not evidently wider than the prothorax, parallel and straight at
the sides, the apex evenly and almost semi-circularly rounded; disk finely but
strongly, closely punctate, the interspaces smooth. Abdomen very densely
clothed with cinereous pubescence, which is rather long and coarse. Length
4.0 mm.; width 1.65 mm.

California.

The single specimen is a female without further record of
locality. The species is very distinct because of its rather large
size and very long shaggy coat of pale cinereous hairs, in addi-
tion to the erect set.

67. 'T. sordidus Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., VI, p. 169 (Dasy-
tes); 1. ¢., 1866, p. 354 ( Pristoscelis ).

Oblong-oval, moderately convex, polished and smooth through-
out the upper surface, black, the legs and antennz black, the
funicle of the latter slightly picescent toward base; pubescence
long, coarse, cinereous and rather dense, subdecumbent, inter-
mixed throughout above with bristling erect sete which are
mostly black in color. Head scarcely three-fifths as wide as
the prothorax, finely but strongly, sparsely punctate, the frontal
impressions narrow, distinct and more densely punctate; epi-

520 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

stoma long, coriaceous; labrum long; eyes moderate; antennze
about as long as the prothorax, distinctly incrassate toward tip,
the tenth joint transverse and scarcely at all asymmetric, the fifth
but feebly dilated. Prothorax two-thirds wider than long, the
sides almost evenly and rather strongly arcuate, distinctly more
convergent toward apex, the latter much narrower than the base
and truncate with the angles obtuse; basal angles obtuse but
scarcely at all rounded and feebly reflexed as in other allied spe-
cies; disk finely but strongly, sparsely punctate. Elytra three-
fifths longer than wide, one-fourth wider than the prothorax and
fully three times as long, parallel, semi-circularly rounded at
apex. finely and rather closely punctate. Legs and abdomen
coarsely cinereo-pubescent. Length 3.1 mm.; width 1.35 mm.

California (San Diego). The short prothorax, evidently nar-
rowed near the apex and comparatively long and wide elytra,
oval form of the body, long epistoma and other characters as
noted in the description of the female given above, will serve to
distinguish this species from its allies.

68. T. villosus n. sp.—Subcylindrical, strongly convex, polished, the
surface smooth throughout above, black, the legs black with the tarsi paler;
antenne black with the funicle pale testaceous toward base; pubescence long,
coarse, luteo-cinereous, dense and rather closely decumbent, intermingled
with very long, abundant and bristling sete: which are black anteriorly and
toward the middle of the elytra, but cinereous toward the sides and along the
margins of the latter. Head scarcely more than three-fifths as wide as the pro-
thorax, finely, remotely punctate, more closely so anteriorly, the frontal im-
pressions distinct and confluent at apex just beyond a smooth subtuberculi-
form elevation; epistoma rather short and broad, pale flavate; labrum strongly
rounded, setose, pale and fringed with short pale sete at apex; eyes moderately
large and convex; antennze one-third longer than the prothorax, distinctly ineras-
sate, the funicle slender toward base, outer joints transverse, fifth much longer
and slightly wider than the sixth. Prothorax scarcely more than one-half
wider than long; the sides feebly arcuate at basal two-fifths, thence moderately
convergent and straight or very feebly sinuate to the apical angles which are
only slightly obtuse and scarcely at all rounded, subparallel near the base, the
basal angles obtuse and distinctly rounded, obliterated but feebly reflexed;
apex rectilinearly truncate, narrower than the base which is broadly arcuate;
disk finely, sparsely punctate. iytra scarcely three-fifths longer than wide,
a little wider than the prothorax and but slightly more than twice as long, the
sides straight and apparently somewhat convergent from base to apex, the
latter evenly rounded; punctures rather small but strong and close-set. Legs
and abdomen rather densely cinereo-pubescent. Length 2.8 mm.; width
1.25 mm.

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 521.
1 {

California.
The male serving as the type has the fifth ventral short and trun-
cate, the truncature apparently feebly sinuate toward the middle.

69. T. irrasus n. sp.—Elongate, subcylindrical, convex, polished and
smooth throughout, black, legs black, the tarsi scarcely picescent; antennee
black, the funicle dark piceo-testaceous toward base; pubescence rather long
and coarse, dense, subdecumbent, pale Iuteo-cinereous, the upper surface
bristling with long erect and very conspicuous, though not dense, black sete
which are intermingled with some shorter and more inclined pale hairs toward
the sides of the elytra, the marginal hairs of the latter very long and cinere-
ous. Head but slightly more than one-half as wide as the prothorax, convex,
finely and sparsely punctate, a little more closely so toward apex, where the
impressions are feeble and separated by the usual feeble impunctate convexity ;
epistoma rather long but strongly transverse, very pale and coriaceous;
labrum long, black, paler and strongly rounded at apex; eyes large but not
very convex, not quite attaining the base; antennze slightly longer than the
prothorax, the penultimate joints moderately transverse. Prothorax three-
fourths wider than long, the sides convergent and very feebly arcuate from
base to apex, the basal angles obtuse and rather broadly rounded, feebly re-
flexed; apical less obtuse and only narrowly rounded, distinct; apex and base
evenly, equally and feebly arcuate throughout the width, the former distinctly
the narrower; disk finely, sparsely punctate. Elytra three-fifths longer than
wide, only just visibly wider than the prothorax, parallel and straight at the
sides, broadly rounded at apex, finely but strongly and rather densely punc-
tate. Legs and abdomen densely and somewhat coarsely cinereo-pubescent.
Length 4.0 mm.; width 1.6 mm.

California

The unique representative of this species, which may be readily
known by the form of the prothorax, is a female, with the fifth
ventral evenly rounded behind.

70. VT. crimifer n. sp.—Oblong, parallel, moderately convex, black with
a feeble grayish-zeneous lustre; legs rufo-ferruginous, the posterior femora
slightly obscure; antennie piceo-testaceous; pubescence rather long, coarse and
dense, subdecumbent, pale luteo-cinereous, the upper surface in addition with
long but rather sparse erect black setee. Head fully three-fifths as wide as the
prothorax, smooth, finely and sparsely punctate, the impressions large and
feeble; epistoma rather short, truncate, thin, impunctate and slightly pale to-
ward apex; labrum short and broad, broadly rounded; eyes moderately large
and slightly prominent, attaining the base; antennze somewhat long, strongly
serrate, the outer joints only moderately transverse. Prothoraw two-thirds
wider than long, the sides parallel, evenly and feebly arcuate; basal angles
obtuse and blunt but somewhat distinct; apical angles less obtuse and but
slightly blunt; apex and base evenly and feebly arcuate, the latter slightly
the wider; disk finely and sparsely punctate. E/ytra three-fifths longer

522 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

than wide, not perceptibly wider than the prothorax, the sides straight and
subparallel; apex rather broadly rounded; disk finely and relatively not very
densely punctate. Abdomen densely cinereo-pubescent, the legs moderate.
Length 3.0 mm.; width 1.2 mm,

California.

The male described as the type has the fifth ventral feebly sin-
uato-truncate at apex; it is the only specimen known to me.
The species is allied to hirtellus, but may be easily distinguished
by certain peculiarities of vestiture and coloration, the tip of the
elytra not being rufescent and the erect setz blacker and sparser.

71. T. hirtellus Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1866, p. 353
( Pristoscelis).

Oblong. convex, polished, black, with a feeble grayish-metallic
lustre; elytral apices pale; coriaceous hind margins of the ab-
dominal segments and tip of the fifth pale; legs and antenne pale
rufo-ferruginous throughout; pubescence rather long, coarse and
dense, pale luteo-cinereous, with long erect and sparser hairs brist-
ling from the upper surface, these largely black anteriorly but
cinereous at the edges, pale on the elytra sparsely intermingled
with blackish on the disk. Head three-fourths as wide as the
prothorax, strongly and rather densely punctate; epistoma mod-
erately long, pale and polished; labrum completely pale, strongly
rounded; eyes moderate, not attaining the base; antennz long,
and slender, serrate, much longer than the prothorax, the penulti-
mate joints fully as long as wide. Prothorax rather small-and
transverse, one-half wider than long, the sides arcuate, convergent
anteriorly, the angles all obtuse and rounded; apex and base
broadly and feebly arcuate, the former distinctly the narrower ;
disk rather finely, not densely punctate, not rugose at the sides.
Elytra oblong, one-half longer than wide, one-third wider than
the prothorax, parallel, broadly rounded and almost truncate at
apex. finely, strongly and somewhat densely punctured. Length
2.5-3.2 mm.; width 1.1-1.8 mm.

Lower California (Cape San Lucas). The specimen described
is a female, having the fifth ventral rounded behind, though
broadly so, and the tibial spurs simple. I have two males from
Arizona which are apparently assignable to this species, and in
these the head and prothorax are almost the same in rela-
tive size and shape, but the prothorax is larger and wider when
compared with the elytra. The slender antenne, elytral colora-

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 523

tion and pale labrum will enable the reader to identify this dis-
tinct species at a glance. There is a mistake of 1 mm. in the
length given by LeConte.

72. T. fullwescens n. sp.—Subcylindrical, moderately convex, polished,
black, the elytra, metasternum and abdominal vertex more or less rufo-
piceous; legs pale piceo-testaceous, the tibize and tarsi darker; antennze black;
pubescence rather long and dense, very coarse, decumbent and bright fulvous,
intermixed with numerous long and bristling sete, which are blackish in color
but becoming in great part pale toward the sides of the elytra. Head nearly
three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, convex, smooth, finely and sparsely
punctate, the eyes large but not very convex; antennz a little longer than the
prothorax, rapidly and strongly incrassate toward apex and clothed densely
with short erect and cinereous setie, the penultimate joints strongly trans-
verse. Prothorax two-thirds wider than long; the sides moderately conver-
gent and almost evenly and distinctly arcuate from base to apex; basal angles
obtuse and somewhat broadly rounded, feebly reflexed, the apical greatly de-
flexed but almost right and scarcely at all blunt; apex and base almost recti-
linearly truncate, the former decidedly the narrower; disk finely, sparsely
punctate, not at all rugose at the sides. Elytra barely three-fifths longer than
wide, not noticeably wider than the prothorax, subparallel and straight at the
sides, the apex evenly rounded; disk rather finely but strongly and closely
punetate. Legs and abdomen moderately densely cinereo-pubescent. Length
3.0 mm.; width 1.15 mm.

California (San Diego). Mr. Dunn.

A well marked species, distinguishable at once by the coarse
and dense fulvous vestiture, incrassate antenne, coloration and
other characters; the single male before me has the fifth ventral
broadly sinuato-truncate at apex.

73. T. comatus Lec.—Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 1881, X, p. 77 (Pristo-
scelis ).

Slender, cylindrical, the pubescence coarse, whitish, sparse,
with intermixed sparse and erect hairs which are very long and
conspicuous. Prothorax transverse and almost evenly elliptical,
strongly convex, almost one-half wider than long, very coarsely
deeply and remotely punctate, the interspaces polished; disk bi-
impressed at each side on the declivity behind the middle, the
two impressions subconfluent. Elytra scarcely at all wider than
the prothorax and more than three times as long, twice as long
as wide, coarsely and more closely but not densely punctate.
Antenne as iong as the prothorax. Length 4.0 mm.; width 1.4
mm.

524 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

New Mexico (Sta. Fé Canon—7,000 feet )—Cah. LeConte. The
above observations were taken from the unique type. This
species is remarkably distinct in pronotal sculpture, but the im-
pressions alluded to may possibly be of an accidental nature, al-
though they appear to be symmetrical.

74. 'T. squalidus Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., VI, p. 169
(Dasytes); 1. ¢., 1866, p. 354 ( Pristoscelis) ; tejonicus Lee.: 1. ¢., p. 354 (Pris-
toscelis ).

Subcylindrical, rather narrow and convex, polished, intense
black, without metallic lustre; legs and antenne more or less
blackish ; pubescence moderately long, cinereous, sparse especi-
ally on the pronotum but clothing the entire surface, intermixed
with moderately numerous long erect and black sete. Head
two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, finely, sparsely punctate, the
impressions small and feeble; epistoma rather narrow and mod-
erately long, slightly pale; labrum strongly rounded, piceous,
paler at apex; eyes moderate, rather prominent; antenne nearly
one-third longer than the prothorax, feebly incrassate, the penul-
timate joints distinctly transverse, fifth but feebly dilated. Pro-
thorax three-fifths wider than long, the sides parallel and broadly,
somewhat strongly arcuate; basal angles obtuse but distinct;
apical obtuse; apex and base broadly arcuate, the latter rather
the more strongly; disk finely, sparsely punctate, not rugose
near the sides. Elytra three-fifths longer than wide, scarcely
visibly wider than the prothorax, subparallel, evenly and not very
broadly rounded at apex; disk finely but strongly, sparsely
punctate. Length 2.7 mm.; width 1.0 mm.

California (San Diego and northward). The male has the fifth
ventral longer than the fourth and less broadly truncate at apex
than is usual in this section. I am completely unable to distin-
cuish fejonicus from squalidus, the legs being somewhat variable
in color, and all the other features being perfectly similar as far
as can be discovered from a careful study of the types of each.
The above description is drawn from a male taken near San
Diego.

75. T. sexuialis n. sp.——-Elongate, moderately convex, polished, deep
black, without metallic reflection; legs and antenne black; pubescence rather
short, coarse, subdecumbent, luteo-cinereous, sparsely and evenly distributed
on the elytra and intermingled throughout above with erect black setee which

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 525

are moderate in length and abundance. Head four-fifths as wide as the pro-
thorax, finely and sparsely punctate, feebly rugose, especially toward the
sides of the front, the impressions feeble; epistoma moderate in length, smooth,
truncate and somewhat pale; labrum rather large and broadly rounded; eyes
large and unusually prominent; antennze long and not very stout, one-half
longer than the prothorax, the last three joints slightly larger, tenth almost as
long as wide, fifth distinctly dilated, oblique at apex. Prothorav one-half wider
than long, the sides strongly but broadly arcuate toward base, gradually con-
vergent and feebly arcuate toward apex, the latter truncate and subequal to
the base which is arcuate; basal angles very obtuse but not wholly obliterated,
the apical obtuse and blunt; disk rather finely and sparsely punctate, coarsely
reto-rugose near the sides. Elytra three-fifths longer than wide, only slightly
wider than the prothorax, parallel and straight at the sides, evenly and not
very obtusely rounded behind, the disk somewhat coarsely, strongly and
sparsely punctate, the punctures impressed. Abdomen rather finely and
sparsely clothed with plumbeo-cinereous pubescence. Length 2.7-3.0 mm.;
width 1.05-1.2 mm.

California (Sonoma Co.).

This species is the most remarkable of the genus in the devel-
opment of the male sexual characters at the abdominal vertex.
The male is described above, and the female differs in having the
head and prothorax slightly smaller when compared with the
elytra, although not differing much in their own individual size
or form; the elytra however are distinctly broader and relatively
shorter.

In the male the fifth ventral is deeply emarginate at the apex,
with the bottom of the emargination rectilinearly transverse, but
the concave outline of the notch is continued on the disk past
this bottom truncature, forming a rounded depressed sinus with
the truncature as its anterior margin and its depressed floor hori-
zontal and flat; the disk is broadly impressed, the impression
polished and impunctate toward the margins of the emargination
but elsewhere bristling with short erect black and spiculiform se-
tz. The inner spur of all the tibiz is strongly dilated.

76. T. Somnomee n. sp.— Parallel, strongly convex, highly polished, black,
with a feeble greenish-metallic lustre; legs and antenne black; pubescence
rather short and fine, cinereous and sparse, interspersed with sparse black set
which are shorter, more inclined and less conspicuous in the median parts of the
elytra. Head nearly three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, smooth and _ pol-
ished, only slightly rugulose toward the sides of the front, finely and sparsely
punctate, the frontal impressions large and rather feeble; epistoma well devel-
oped, smooth and impunctate; labrum transverse, large, broadly rounded;
eyes large, only moderately convex; antenn: slightly longer than the pro-

526 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

thorax, feebly but distinctly incrassate toward apex, the penultimate joints
rather strongly transverse. Prothorax nearly three-fourths wider than long,
the sides somewhat strongly rounded and subprominent at basal two-fifths,
thence feebly convergent and slhghtly arcuate to the apex and more strongly
convergent and very broadly rounded into the base, which is a little narrower
than the apex and subtruncate; apex rectilinearly truncate, with the angles ob-
tuse and blunt; basal angles obliterated; disk finely, sparsely punctate,
coarsely reto-rugose toward the sides. lytra long, fully three-fourths longer
than wide, slightly wider than the prothorax, parallel, evenly and not broadly
rounded at apex, the disk somewhat coarsely. deeply and sparsely punctate,
feebly explanate near the external apices, the interspaces polished. Abdomen
and legs finely subcinereo-pubescent. Length 3.2 mm.; width 1.25 mm.

California (Sonoma Co.).

The single female before me has the fifth ventral very broadly
rounded behind, and represents a species somewhat allied to seax-
ualis, but with very much more elongate elytra and more obtusely

rounded abdominal apex.

77. TV. texanus Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1866, p. 355 ( Pristo-
scelis).

Elongate-oval, strongly convex, polished. black, the elytra pi-
cescent; apices of the abdominal segments pale and coriaceous ;
legs pale rufo-ferruginous throughout; antenn pale piceo-testa-
ceous, the funicle still paler toward base; pubescence rather long
and fine, cinereous-white and very sparse, intermingled with
numerous black setz. Head nearly three-fourths as wide as the
prothorax, finely but strongly, not very sparsely perforato-punc-
tate, the impressions large and distinct; epistoma with a wide
and pale coriaceous margin; labrum large, transverse, broadly
rounded, black with a narrow pale apex ; eyes somewhat promi-
nent; antenne slender, much longer than the prothorax, serrate,
the tenth joint nearly as long as wide, fifth but feebly dilated.
Prothorax rather long, about two-fifths wider than long, the sides
broadly arcuate, becoming gradually convergent anteriorly ; basal
angles very broadly rounded; apex truncate, about as wide as
the base; disk rather evenly and deeply perforato-punctate, the
punctures sparse but closer laterally, the interspaces smooth
throughout. _ Elytra long, two-thirds longer than wide, distinctly
wider than the prothorax and nearly three times as long, evenly
and not obtusely rounded behind, the disk very coarsely, deeply
and not very closely punctate. Length 2.5-3.35 mm.; width 0.95—
1.25 mm.

- Ri Pee eee ee eee

a
(

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 52

Texas. The above description is from the female, but the male
does not greatly differ, simply having the head nearly four-fifths as
wide as the prothorax. The fifth ventral of the male is broadly
sinuato-truncate at apex, the genital segment broadly emarginate,
with its surface broadly impresso-canaliculate, and the horizontal
under part of the dorsal pygidium is concave, with its anterior
margin in the form of a straight transverse ridge. This species
may be readily known by its coarse punctuation and rather
elongate prothorax.

78. T. bucidus n. sp.—Elongate and rather narrow, convex, highly pol-
ished, black witha feeble subzeneous lustre; legs pale rufo-ferruginous through-
out; antenne testaceous, the first joint darker and the outer joints blackish;
pubescence somewhat short, cinereous and very sparse, intermixed with erect
black setze which are conspicuous anteriorly but on the elytra short, very
sparse, inclined and inconspicuous on the disk though more distinct laterally,
with the marginal cilia in great part cinereous. Head rather small, two-thirds
as wide as the prothorax, distinctly rugose toward the sides, sparsely punctate
in the middle, the impressions very feeble; epistoma rather long and only
moderately transverse; labrum but slightly wider than long, dark, strongly
rounded; eyes moderate in size but quite prominent and distant from the
base, the neck feebly constricted; antennze slender, distinctly longer than the
prothorax, the last three joints abruptly wider, the penultimate transverse,
fifth feebly dilated. Prothorax two-thirds wider than long, widest at basal
two-fifths, where the sides are obtusely but somewhat prominently rounded,
feebly convergent aud almost straight thence to the apex, more convergent and
straight to the basal angles, which are very obtuse but scarcely rounded and
distinct; apical angles obtuse and rounded; apex and base subequal, arcuato-
truncate; disk finely, sparsely punctate, feebly rugose very narrowly along the
lateral edges. lytra three-fifths longer than wide, only just visibly wider
than the prothorax, parallel, the apex evenly and not very broadly rounded;
disk very coarsely, deeply and not closely punctate, the interspaces highly pol-
ished and smooth. Abdomen thinly cinereo-pubescent. Length 2.7-3.3 mm.;
width 0.85-1.2 mm.

Lower California; Guadalupe Island.

The male described above has the fifth ventral broadly arcuato-
truncate at apex, the genital segment emarginate as usual
throughout the width, with the surface broadly impresso-canali-
culate, and the lower surface of the pygidium nearly flat. The fe-
male, of which I have but a single specimen from Guadalupe, is
much larger than the male and with shorter antennz, but other-
wise scarcely differs at all.

79. T. reversus n. sp.—Elongate, moderately convex, polished, black
with a slight grayish lustre; femora pale rufo-ferruginous, the tips blackish

528 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

above; tibie and tarsi slightly infuscate; antennze black, joints three to
five more or less dark rufo-piceous; pubescence rather short and sparse,
ashy-white, the intermixed sete rather abundant but unusually short and
in great part pale on the elytra, especially toward the sides. Head not
quite two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, smooth, not rugose at the
sides, finely, remotely punctate, the epistoma rather long, moderately
transverse; labrum almost semi-circularly rounded; eyes moderate in
size but prominent, distant from the base; antenne but slightly longer
than the prothorax, the last three joints just visibly wider, the penultimate
transverse, fifth scarcely dilated. Prothoraw fully two-thirds wider than long,
the sides broadly rounded behind the middle, feebly convergent and straighter
anteriorly, slightly convergent and sinuate toward the basal angles which are
acute and minutely prominent; base strongly arcuate but becoming oblique
and subsinuate near the angles; apical angles obtuse and blunt but rather
pronounced; apex broadly arcuato-truncate; disk minutely and remotely
punctate, feebly rugose near the basal angles only. /ytra scarcely three-
fifths longer than wide, almost one-fourth wider than the prothorax, parallel,
very feebly inflated behind, the sides slightly arcuate except near the base;
apex almost evenly rounded; disk rather finely but strongly, somewhat closely
punctate. Abdomen tinely and not very densely cinereo-pubescent. Length
3.1mm.; width 1.25 mm.

Arizona (near the Grand Canon of the Colorado).

The single type of this distinct species is a female, with the
fifth ventral rounded behind and feebly impressed on the disk in
a large rounded median area; it was collected and kindly given
to me by Dr. T. Mitchell Prudden, of New York.

80. T. pedalis Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1866, p. 355 ( Pristo-
scelis).

Elongate-oval, strongly convex, highly polished, black with a
very feeble greenish-zeneous lustre; legs red; antenne dark tes-
taceous, the first and outer joints blackish; pubescence coarse,
sparse, erect and bristling, blackish throughout, the marginal
fringe of the elytra more or less pale. Head scarcely more than
three-fifths as wide as the prothorax, smooth, finely and remotely
punctate, the impressions separated by a large and pronounced
impunctate convexity ; labrum strongly rounded; eyes rather
large and prominent; antennz barely as long as the prothorax,
slightly incrassate, the penultimate joints transverse. Prothorax
large, slightly more than one-half wider than long, the sides
rounded at basal third, thence distinctly convergent and very
feebly arcuate to the apex, convergent and straight to the basal
angles which are very obtuse but not rounded; apex truncate, de-

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 529

cidedly narrower than the base, the latter broadly arcuate ; apical
angles obtuse; disk finely and remotely punctate, not rugose lat-
erally except at the immediate edges. Elytra two-thirds longer
than wide, scarcely at all wider than the prothorax, parallel,
rather acutely rounded behind ; disk subexplanate externally at
apex, with the apical edges finely serrate; punctures coarse, deep
and sparse. Abdomen thinly but rather coarsely pubescent:
Length 3.1-3.25 mm.; width 1.2-1.3 mm.

California (Sta. Catalina Island). I have only seen the female
of this species, which may be readily recognized by the dark and
erect vestiture, pale legs, polished surface and coarse elytral
punctures. The prothorax is much larger and less transverse
than in luctdus or enescens.

81. T. nigrinus n. sp.—Elongate, subparallel, strongly convex and pol-
ished, black with a scarcely perceptible zeneous lustre; legs piceous-black, the
tarsi paler; antennze pale piceo-testaceous, scarcely darker toward tip; pubes-
cence blackish, sparse, coarse and suberect, slightly cinereous on the elytral
flanks toward base, long and bristling especially anteriorly and along the
margins. Head three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, smooth throughout,
convex, finely and sparsely punctate, the frontal impressions rather narrow,
widely separated and distinct; epistoma short; labrum acutely parabolic,
gradually pale toward apex; eyes large but only moderately prominent; an-
tenn much longer than the prothorax, gradually and perceptibly incrassate to-
ward tip, the penultimate joints strongly transverse, fifth distinctly dilated.
Prothorax but sightly more than one-half wider than long, the sides perfectly
parallel and broadly arcuate at the middle, where the disk is widest,
straight toward the basal angles which are obtuse and not rounded and dis-
tinct; apical angles feebly obtuse and distinct, only slightly blunt; disk
finely, sparsely punctate, not rugose near the sides. Elytra three-fifths longer
than wide, distinctly wider than the prothorax, subparallel and straight at the
sides, evenly rounded at apex; humeri tumid, the intra-humeral impression
strong; punctures fine but strong and rather sparse. Abdomen somewhat
thinly cinereo-pubescent. Length 2.75 mm.; width 1.2 mm.

California ?

The male has the inner spur of the two anterior tibiz strongly
dilated, and the fifth ventral one-half longer than the fourth and
truncate at tip. The single specimen before me has no indication
of locality, but is without much doubt from the region suggested.

82. T. aemescens Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., VI, p. 170 (Da-
sytes); 1. ¢., 1866, p. 355 ( Pristoscelis ).

Narrow, convex, highly polished, deep black with a very feeble
zneous lustre; legs black, the tibiz and tarsi dark rufo-piceous ;

530 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

antenne blackish, the funicle slightly pale toward base; pubes-
cence blackish, long and coarse, very sparse, erect or semi-erect
and bristling, the marginal cilia of the elytra also black. Head
four-fifths as wide as the prothorax,smooth throughout, finely
and sparsely punctate, the frontal impressions large and distinct,
approximate, the dividing convexity rather prominent; epistoma
somewhat narrow and long; labrum a little wider than long, cir-
cularly rounded; eyes rather large and prominent; antennz
slightly longer than the prothorax, incrassate toward tip, the pen-
ultimate joints distinctly transverse. Prothorax three-fifths
wider than long, the sides rounded at basal third thence feebly
convergent and just visibly arcuate to the broadly rounded apical
angles and more rapidly convergent and straight to the basal
angles, which are very obtuse but scarcely at allrounded; apex
and base equal, feebly arcuate; disk minutely and remotely punc-
tate, not at all rugose at the sides. Elytra three-fifths longer than
wide, slightly wider than the prothorax, parallel, rather strongly
but evenly rounded at apex, very coarsely and sparsely but not
very deeply and somewhat unevenly punctate. Abdomen very
finely and sparsely cinereo-pubescent. Length 2.38 mm.; width
0.8 mm.

Southern California. The single example before me is a male,
with the fifth ventral longer than the fourth and truncate at tip.
This species resembles /uczdus in form but is smaller, with a dis-
tinctly larger head, still coarser and sparser and especially feebler
and less even elytral punctures, and may be known also by the
absence of cinereous pubescence on the upper surface of the body.

83. T. rusticus n. sp.—Elongate, moderately convex, polished, black,
the legs piceous; antennze rufo-piceous, blackish toward apex; pubescence
coarse, rather long, very sparse, subdecumbent and blackish, with numerous
long and erect, black and bristling sete. Head but little more than three-
fourths as wide as the prothorax, convex, smooth throughout, finely and
sparsely punctate, the frontal impressions rather small, apical and widely sep-
arated but distinct; epistoma rather long and somewhat narrow; slightly
pale: labrum in great part pale, slightly wider than long, strongly rounded;
eyes rather large but only moderately prominent and somewhat distant from
the base; antennze much longer than the prothorax, feebly incrassate, the pen-
ultimate joints distinctly transverse, fifth feebly dilated. Prothorax moderate
in size, three-fifths wider than long, the sides perfectly parallel and just visi-
bly arcuate, noticeably convergent and straight near the base, the angles very
obtuse but distinct, not rounded and feebly reflexed; apical angles but slightly
obtuse and extremely narrowly rounded; apex and base broadly and almost

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 531

equally arcuate; disk minutely and remotely punctate, not at all rugose later-
ally. Elytra three-fifths longer than wide, slightly wider than the prothorax,
parallel and straight at the sides, the apex evenly and not very broadly
rounded; disk coarsely, rather sparsely and somewhat unevenly punctate.
Abdomen and legs rather finely and not densely cinereo-pubescent. Length
2.4 mm.; width 0.9 mm.

California.

The male above described has the fifth ventral simple, rather
short and broadly truncate. Along the suture and on the flanks
of the elytra a few cinereous hairs are sparsely scattered, but
these are extremely inconspicuous in the two specimens before
me, and, in case they should become denser by variation, the
Species may be readily known from suturalis by its much smaller
size, narrower form, smaller, shorter and relatively narrower pro-
thorax and relatively still coarser, though scarsely sparser, elytral
punctures.

84. T. politus n. sp.—Subcylindrical, strongly convex, highly polished,
deep black, the legs black; antennze black, with the funicle slightly piceous
toward base; pubescence fine and suberect, very sparse, blackish, the surface
bristling also with very numerous long erect and black sete, a few short but
coarser Cinereous hairs scattered narrowly on the elytral flanks toward base,
the marginal cilia black throughout. Head four-fifths as wide as the pro-
thorax, smooth, finely and sparsely punctate, the impressions rather large,
elongate, widely separated but distinct; epistoma moderately transverse;
labrum rounded; eyes rather large and prominent; antennz a little longer than
the prothorax, feebly incrassate, the penultimate joints distinctly transverse,
fifth noticeably dilated. Prothorax notably convex; three-fifths wider than
long, the sides parallel and strongly arcuate; basal angles very obtuse but not
obliterated, the apical very obtuse; apex arcuato-truncate, the base visibly
more arcuate; disk finely and remotely punctate, not rugose laterally. Scutel-
lum finely and not very densely cinereo-pubescent. Elytra three-fifths longer
than wide, very slightly wider than the prothorax, the sides subparallel; apex
evenly and not broadly rounded, the sutural angles right and not rounded;
disk coarsely, deeply and rather sparsely punctate, the interspaces smooth and
polished. Abdomen thinly clothed with fine plumbeo-cinereous pubescence.
Length 2.9 mm.; width 1.2 mm.

California (San Diego). Mr. Dunn.

The two males before me represent a species which may be
known at once from rusticus by the strongly rounded sides of the
prothorax, and, from enescens, it may be distinguished by the
less sparse and deeper elytral punctures. The fifth ventral is
rather short and is broadly sinuato-truncate at apex.

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Sct., VIII, Aug., 1895.—37

532 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

8. T. punctipennis Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1866, p.
355 ( Pristoscelis. )

Oblong, rather narrow and depressed, highly polished, deep
black, the legs piceous-black; antennz dark piceous, the second
joint slightly paler; pubescence rather fine, moderately long, de-
cumbent, blackish and very sparse, slightly cinereous on the ver-
tical flanks of the elytra toward base, the intermixed erect sete
very sparse or wanting, the marginal cilia of the prothorax and
elytra rather short and fimbriform, dark in color. Head small,
barely two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, finely and sparsely
punctate, the eyes well developed; antenne moderate, the penul-
timate joints transverse. Prothorax small, one-half wider than
long, arcuate at the sides toward base, gradually narrowed and
less rounded anteriorly, the apex truncate and about equal to the
base; basal angles very obtuse, the apical greatly deflexed and
rounded ; disk smooth, feebly reticulate but not rugose toward
the sides, finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra three-fifths longer
than wide, nearly one-third wider than the prothorax, parallel,
slightly inflated behind, with the sides arcuate becoming straight
near the base; apex evenly and not broadly rounded; disk sub-
explanate and with the edge serrulate at apex, rather finely but
distinctly and very sparsely punctate. Abdomen polished, very
coarsely and obsoletely reticulate, sparsely pubescent. Length
1.8 mm.; width 0.75 mm.

California (Sta. Catalina Island). A small and very distinct
species, which seems to be most naturally associated with anescens,
in spite of the apparent absence of erect and bristling hairs. The
above description refers to the female. The allusion to “ pube
cinerea ” in the original description is very inexact, the hairs being
dark and indistinct.

86. T. stricticollis n. sp.—Elongate, strongly convex, polished, black
with an extremely feeble eeneous lustre; legs piceous-black; antennz black,
the funicle piceo-testaceous toward base; pubescence sparse, not very long,
blackish and nearly erect, cinereous and subdecumbent on the prothorax toward
the sides; marginal cilia coarse, blackish, moderate in length, regular and
fimbriform. Head two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, smooth, finely and
sparsely punctate, the impressions rather small, widely separated but distinct;
epistoma moderate in length, in great part pale luteo-flavate; labrum blackish,
very pale toward tip, nearly as long as wide and strongly rounded; mandibles
strongly arcuate; eyes rather large and prominent, not attaining the base; an-
tenn slightly longer than the prothorax, feebly incrassate, the penultimate

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 533

joints transverse, fifth but slightly dilated. Prothorax only about one-third
wider than long, the sides broadly arcuate near the base, moderately conver-
gent and straight thence anteriorly, becoming sinuate behind the apical angles
which are somewhat prominent laterally and not rounded; basal angles
broadly obtuse but not altogether obliterated; apex broadly arcuate and some-
what bilobed, the base arcuate; disk finely and sparsely punctate, not rugose
near the sides. /ytra scarcely three-fifths longer than wide, not visibly wider
than the prothorax, nearly straight and parallel at the sides, the apex almost
semi-circular; disk rather coarsely and strongly, somewhat sparsely punctate,
the interspaces smooth and polished. Abdomen rather thinly cinereo-pubes-
cent. Length 2.4 mm.; width 0.85 mm.

California.

The type of this species is a male, the fifth ventral being
simple and truncate at apex. It departs widely from any other
in the form of the prothorax, and may be recognized also by
peculiarities of vestiture, but in other respects is wholly similar
to the other species of the genus. A single specimen from an un-
recorded locality in the State.

CRADYTES nt. gen.

There are several important points of difference between this
genus and Trichochrous, the chief of which refer to thoracic
structure, the rounded and obsolete apical angles and correspond-
ingly narrowed and advanced median parts of the apex, giving to
this somite a facies which is distinctively peculiar. The side mar-
gins of the prothorax are strongly serrate, and the antenne are
relatively still shorter than in Trichochrous, broader and with the
joints more serrate or asymmetric, toa much greater degree in
serricollis, however, than in the other species. The ungual ap-
pendages are less constant and equal in Cradytes than in Tricho-
chrous, and are united to the claws in only about basal half of
their length. In other structural characters, including the form and
extent of the epipleur, Cradytes is closely allied to Trichochrous.
The three species may be readily differentiated as follows :—

Body black, the elytra pale rufo-ferruginous....................65- 1. serricollis
Body black throughout; smaller species.
Hrecwsetee ot thelelybranpalew crc ereterdss:occte ec cccc esse es 2. longicollis
Erect setee black; body very slightly stouter................... 3. Serrulatus

In geographical distribution Cradytes is practically limited to
the arid regions of New Mexico and Arizona, but it probably ex-
tends southward into Mexico to some extent.

534 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

1. C. serricollis Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1866, p. 356.
(Pristoscelis).

Oblong, strongly convex, polished, black, the elytra and legs
throughout pale rufo-ferruginous; abdomen black; antennz
blackish, the funicle pale toward base; pubescence coarse, erect
and very conspicuous though not dense, the erect hairs black an-
teriorly, intermixed with shorter and more decumbent pale hairs
toward the sides of the pronotum, white on the elytra and inter-
mingled with a few black hairs toward the suture and base; mar-
ginal cilia long and white throughout. Head three-fifths as wide
as the prothorax, nearly smooth, strongly and rather sparsely
punctured, the impressions feeble; epistoma rather long, with a
thin and transversely impressed pale apical prolongation; labrum
blackish, setose, strongly rounded at apex; eyes moderate in size
but prominent and distant from the base; antenne stout and
strongly serrate, barely as long as the prothorax, the joints
strongly transverse, inserted near their outer margins. Protho-
rax scarcely more than one-fourth wider than long, the sides par-
allel and feebly arcuate, oblique at apex, the latter arcuate and
only two-thirds as wide as the base; basal angles obtuse but dis-
tinct, the apical wholly obliterated; margins strongly serrate es-
pecially before the middle; disk coarsely and deeply punctate,
sparsely toward the middle, not rugose near the sides. Elytra.
two-thirds longer than wide, slightly wider than the prothorax,
parallel, not very broadly rounded behind, strongly and rather
sparsely punctate, the punctures gradually fine behind; epi-
pleure narrow as in Trichochrous, dilated toward base. Length
5.0 mm.; width 2.0 mm. ;

New Mexico and Colorado. The male, from which the descrip-
tion is taken, has the fifth ventral truncate at apex and feebly
sinuate toward the middle, and the inner spur of the anterior and
middle tibize dilated. The ungual appendages do not seem to be
quite as long as the claws, and are attached through only about.
basal half of the latter; they are also slightly unequal.

2. C. longicollis n. sp.—Elongate, parallel, rather cylindrically convex,
somewhat shining, black, the tibize and tarsi slightly piceous; antennz pic-
eous-black, pubescence coarse, rather short and somewhat dense, semi-erect,
even and cinereous, intermixed with numerous erect bristling setee, which are
shorter, denser and in great part pale on the elytra. Head three-fourths as.
wide as the prothorax, very feebly rugulose, strongly and rather closely punc-

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 535

tate, the impressions feeble; epistoma rather long, truncate, emarginate at the
sides toward base as in serricollis; labrum about as long as wide, strongly
rounded; eyes large and somewhat prominent; antennze very much shorter
than the prothorax, rather slender but rapidly and very strongly incrassate and
compressed toward apex, the last three joints very wide and asymmetric, the
eleventh as wide as long, tenth very strongly transverse. Prothorax fully as
long as wide, the sides parallel and just visibly arcuate, gradually and broadly
arcuate and convergent at apex, the angles completely obliterated, the true
apical margin not one-half as wide as the base, the latter broadly arcuato-
truncate; basal angles obtuse and rather blunt but easily distinguishable; disk
rather finely and sparsely punctate, the lateral edges strongly serrate especially
toward apex. Elytra three-fifths longer than wide, slightly wider than the
prothorax and distinctly less than twice as long, parallel and straight at the
sides, not broadly rounded at apex, not very coarsely but strongly and some-
what densely punctured. Under surface moderately densely clothed with
similar cinereous pubescence. Length 2.8-3.8 mm.; width 0.95-1.5 mm.

Arizona.

In the above described male the corneous copulatory sheath
is large and cylindrical, with the lower surface produced in a fine
slender point, the upper or posterior surface coriaceous and con-
cave, the efferent duct projecting between two wing-like plates
which partially close the orifice. The prothorax of the male is
more elongate than in any other dasytide form known to me, ex-
cept Mecomycter omalinus.

In the female the form is quite different, the prothorax being
much smaller, nearly one-fourth wider than long and narrowed
from base to apex, broadly rounded and scarcely at all serrate
at the sides, the elytra longer though similar in shape, one-half
wider than the prothorax and two and one-half times as long.
Numerous specimens are before me.

3. C. serrulatus Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1866, p. 356 ( Pris-
toscelis ).

Oblong, stout, convex, black, moderately shining; legs black,
the tibize and tarsi rufo-piceous; antennz black, the funicle tes-
taceous toward base, the two basal joints black; pubescence very
short, coarse, rather sparse, cinereous and intermixed with num-
erous long coarse and erect black hairs; marginal cilia of the
prothorax very long black and bristling, of the elytra much
shorter and nearly cinereous. Head two-thirds as wide as the
prothorax, strongly and sparsely punctate; epistoma long and
rather narrow, smooth; labrum long, strongly rounded; eyes

>)

536 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

large, moderately convex, not attaining the base; antennz much
shorter than the prothorax, rapidly incrassate, the penultimate
joints strongly transverse and asymmetric. Prothorax one-
fourth wider than long, feebly narrowed from base to apex, with
the sides just visibly arcuate, slightly serrate anteriorly, the apical
angles broadly rounded and obliterated ; basal angles also broadly
rounded and undefined ; disk rather finely but strongly, somewhat
closely punctured especially toward the sides. Elytra large,
three-fifths longer than wide, one-third wider than the prothorax,
parallel, feebly inflated behind, the apex almost semi-circularly
rounded ; punctures moderately coarse, strong and rather close-
set. Abdomen sparsely clothed with longer decumbent cinereous
pubescence. Length 3.9 mm.; width 1.6 mm.

Arizona. This species is allied to longicollis, but differs, when
compared with the corresponding sex, in having the erect hairs
of the elytra sparser and black, and the short hairs shorter,
coarser, posteriorly bent and more decumbent. The male is prob-
ably narrower than the female described above, and with a more
elongate and more strongly serrate prothorax.

SYDATOPSIS 2. gen.

Aberrant antennal structure constitutes the chief differential
feature of this genus, nearly all the other characters being essen-
tially those of Trichochrous. The antenne in the male are dis-
tinctly longer than the head and prothorax combined, rather nar-
row and not incrassate, the joints strongly serriform, longer than
wide, strongly narrowed toward base and clothed sparsely with
long pale hairs, the eleventh narrower than the tenth, elongate
and pointed toward base and apex from the middle, the fifth very

slightly dilated. The ungual appendages are long and well de-
veloped.

1. 8S. longicornis n. sp.—Oblong, strongly convex, polished, black, the
elytra feebly sneo-piceous, with the apical margin pale; abdomen slightly
pale at tip; legs pale rufo-ferruginous throughout; antennz pale testaceous,
the eleventh joint somewhat obscure; pubescence rather long, coarse, dense
and pale luteo-cinereous, intermingled with numerous long erect and bristling
pale sete, which are mixed with a few black hairs anteriorly; marginal cilia
long, bristling and irregular, pale in color. Head barely three-fourths as wide
as the prothorax, convex, strongly, densely and rugosely punctate, smooth to-
ward the middle anteriorly, the impressions obsolete; epistoma long, impunc-
tate and gradually pale; labrum long, pale and strongly rounded; eyes moder-

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 537

ate in size, convex and prominent, not attaining the base. Prothorax one-half
wider than long, the sides broadly arcuate behind, gradually slightly conver-
gent and straighter anteriorly, the apex arcuato-truncate, slightly narrower
thaa the base which is but slightly more arcuate; all the angles obtuse and
rounded; disk finely, sparsely punctate, the interspaces smooth and polished
throughout. Elytra short, not quite one-half longer than wide, slightly but
distinctly wider than the prothorax, very obtusely rounded at apex, the sides
nearly parallel and straight; punctures rather fine but strong and somewhat
close-set. Abdomen shining but distinetly cinereo-pubescent, the legs and
tarsi long and slender. Length 2.3 mm.; width 0.9 mm.

Lower California.

The single male type in my cabinet has the fifth ventral broadly
truncate, the genital segment broadly sinuato-truncate, flat and
finely canaliculate along the middle, and the inner spur of the two
anterior tibizw broadly dilated,thickened and as usual very obtuse
at apex.

SYDATES n. gen.

The single representative of this genus is a rather stout oblong
insect, which is intermediate in some of its characters between
Trichochrous and Listrus, but which differs from both in its long
and strongly serrate antenne and in the form of the ungual ap-
pendages, these being acutely pointed and leaving nearly one-half
of the inner claw free. The anterior tibize have a few long and
slender bristle-like spines along the outer side, which are much
less conspicuous than in Trichochrous, and the general habitus
and ornamentation of the body is remindful of Listrus. The
epipleurz are very narrow and indistinct, slightly wider toward
base and with their plane inclined upward externally.

1. S. Zonatus n. sp.—Oblong, strongly convex, polished, black; legs pale
rufo-ferruginous, with the thighs rather stout and in great part blackish; anten-
ne pale, gradually blackish toward apex, the basal joint also obscure; pubescence
rather dense, moderate in length, even, without intermixed erect hairs, cine-
reous but broadly blackish along the middle of the pronotum and in a broad
fascia at base and apical fourth of the elytra, the fasciz narrowly interrupted
along the suture. Head two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, flat, finely and
sparsely punctate and feebly subrugulose, the frontal impressions large, ap-
proximate and distinct; epistoma very short; labrum short, transverse and
feebly arcuato-truncate; eyes moderately large and somewhat prominent; an-
tenne distinctly longer than the head and prothorax, stout, filiform, the
joints slightly longer than wide, asymmetric and strongly narrowed toward
base, the inner obtuse projections densely bristling with short stiff sete. Pro-
thorax four-fifths wider than long, the sides rather strongly rounded near basal

538 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

third, thence convergent and almost straight to the apex and base, the former
but slightly narrower than the latter and both very feebly arcuate; basal an-
gles very obtuse but not wholly obliterated; lateral edges distinctly fimbri-
ate but not serrulate; disk finely but strongly, not very closely punctate,
the punctures becoming gradually close and feebly rugose toward the sides.
Elytra but slightly more than one-half longer than wide, only slightly wider
than the prothorax, the sides parallel and straight; apex evenly rounded; disk
somewhat coarsely and closely punctured and feebly rugose, the interspaces
polished. Under surface rather densely clothed witi coarse cinereous pubes-
cence. Length 2.6-3.0 mm.; width 1.0-1.25 mm.

Texas (El Paso). Mr. Dunn.

The male above described has the fifth ventral short and trans-
versely truncate, and the inner spur of the anterior and middle
tibize dilated. The female differs but slightly, having the head
distinctly and the prothorax slightly smaller, and the antennze
more slender though only a little shorter; the female seems also
to have the legs a little more slender and pale rufous throughout.
Five specimens.

LISTROMIMUS n. gen.

The type of this genus is a species remarkably distinct in habi-
tus because of its opaque sculpture, dense, even and closely ap-
pressed pubescence, feebly constricted prothorax with acute and
everted basal angles, and small prominent eyes situated at a con-
siderable distance from the base of the head, the neck being nar-
rowed posteriorly. The antenne are rather long and slender,
though distinctly incrassate toward apex. The anterior tibiz
are cylindrical, with appressed pubescence and without trace of
external spines or sete. The epipleurze are narrow, vanishing
far before the apex but with their plane almost horizontal
throughout, and the ungual appendages are as long as the claws,
subequal and detached from the outer third or fourth of the claw
as in Trichochrous. The remaining characters are those of the
tribe in general, the maxillary palpi being rather stouter than
usual and the tarsi long and filiform.

1. L. sericatus n. sp.—Elongate, suboval, strongly convex, black; legs
blackish-piceous, the under side of the femora rufous, more broadly toward
base; antennz black, testaceous toward base, the basal joint in great part
blackish; head and pronotum opaque, densely and evenly rugose with small
irregular and anastomosing punctures, the elytra polished and finely but
closely punctured; pubescence whitish-cinereous, closely decumbent, even,
coarse, moderate in length and extremely dense, without trace of erect hairs.

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 539

Head three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, constricted at base, the eyes
small and very prominent; frontal impressions feeble and widely separated;
epistoma very short, with a thin pale margin; labrum pale, short, transversely
rounded; antennz slender, feebly incrassate, subequal in length to the head
and prothorax, the outer joints rather longer than wide, sixth distinctly
smaller than the fifth or seventh. Prothoraxv scarcely one-third wider than
long, the sides feebly convergent from base to apex, broadly arcuate, becoming
sinuate toward base and apex, the broad subapical constriction extending en-
tirely across the disk; basal angles acute, prominent and everted, the apical
rather blunt; apex arcuato-truncate, the base with a broad arcuate lobe; disk
subeylindrically convex, very declivous at the sides and with an elongate
foveiform impression on the median line near the base; lateral edges not ser-
rulate and with a very decumbent and dense fringe. E/ytra three-fifths
longer than wide, one-half wider than the prothorax, the sides parallel and
nearly straight; apex evenly rounded; humeri tumid. Under surface more
finely and less densely pubescent, the hairs less closely decumbent. Length
3.0 mm.; width 1.0 mm.

Nevada (Reno). Mr. Wickham.

The type is a male, having the fifth ventral short and trans-
versely truncate and the genital segment sinuato-truncate at tip
and broadly impressed at the middle of the disk. The tibiz have
a terminal fringe of short spinules internally and externally, but
I am unable to detect the usual two larger spurs.

I have before me a female, also from Nevada, which may be re-
ferred to this species for the time being, although the differences
are extraordinary. The sculpture of the head and pronotum is
much coarser and the pubescence of the elytra finer and twice as
sparse. The pronotum has a strong impressed line parallel to
each lateral edge and at some distance from it, not attaining base
or apex and of which there is no trace in the male, and the sub-
basal fovea of that sex is wanting.

ADASYTES nb. gen.

Although not differing much from certain forms of Tricho-
chrous in general habitus, the type of this genus is in reality more
closely allied to Listrus, the anterior tibia being completely de-
void of short stout spinules; these are replaced by a few long
slender black and anteriorly inclined bristles. From Listrus,
however, it differs completely in facies and in the even and non-
serrulate edges of the prothorax. The hypomera have a large
rounded and deep impression near the inner edge anteriorly,
equally developed on each side in the type and probably a normal

540 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

character, of which it is impossible at present to state the sig-
nificance.

1. A. laciniatus n. sp.—Narrow, parallel and rather convex, polished,
black, the head and pronotum with a dark bluish-metallic lustre, the elytra
slightly piceous; femora black, the tibiz and tarsi rufo-piceous; antennz
black, with the second joint testaceous; pubescence rather long but sparse
and semi-erect, blackish anteriorly, cinereous toward the sides of the prono-
tum, the marginal cilia of this part well developed, dense even and black,
brownish-black on the elytra, with a few cinereous hairs scattered along the
suture and on the flanks, the marginal cilia rather sparse and pale, the upper
surface devoid of long erect setve. Head fully three-fourths as wide as the
prothorax, nearly smooth, finely and sparsely punctate, the entire front be-
tween the eyes to the anterior margin broadly concave, the bottom of the con-
cavity feebly convex in the middle anteriorly, epistoma short and transverse;
labrum small, transverse, pale, broadly rounded; mandibles pale in the mid-
dle; eyes large and prominent, not quite attaining the base; antennze about
one-third longer than the prothorax, feebly incrassate, the outer joints but
slightly transverse and scarcely asymmetric. Prothoraw transversely elliptical,
three-fourths wider than long, parallel and strongly, evenly rounded at the
sides; all the angles broadly rounded; apex and base very slightly arcuate,
the former just visibly the narrower; disk finely, sparsely punctate, coarsely
but feebly reto-rugose toward the sides. Elytra nearly two-thirds longer than
wide, equal in width to the prothorax, parallel and straight at the sides,
evenly and not obtusely rounded at apex, the sutural angles slightly blunt;
punctures coarse and not very close-set, much finer toward tip. Under surface
thinly cinereo-pubescent. Length 2.7 mm.; width 0.9 mm.

California (San Diego). Mr. Dunn.

The unique male type has the fifth ventral truncate at apex and
somewhat impressed on the disk from side to side ina posteriorly
arcuate area; the inner spur of the anterior and middle tibiz is
dilated, with the tip obtuse but acutely pointed at the middle of
the apex.

LISTRUS Motsch.

The genus Listrus, as here considered, is an extensive and very
homogeneous aggregate, characterized by an elongate and sub-
parallel convex body, generally sparse and variegated vestiture
without intermixed sets, slender tarsi in both sexes, with the
basal joint of the posterior slightly longer than the second, the
fifth somewhat dilated toward tip and canaliculate above at apex
as usual throughout the family, the anterior tibiz slender, cylin-
drical, usually with closely decumbent ashy pubescence and only

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 541

occasionally with two or three very slender distant external
spines, these being completely obsolete as a rule.

Antenne short, feebly incrassate, only slightly though dis-
tinctly serrate, with the first joint always much dilated and darker
in color, the fifth larger than the fourth or sixth, and the eleventh
evenly elongate-ovoidal and obtusely acuminate. The prothorax
is dilated toward base, with the lateral edges minutely serrulate
and having a close-set even fringe of short posteriorly and supe-
riorly recurved set, which are almost invariably pale ashy white
in color, the apical angles always very obtuse. Epipleurz very
narrow but dilated toward base, with their plane strongly in-
clined upward throughout. The ungual appendages are thick,
equal and fully as long as the claws, the apical third or fourth of
which is free.

The author of the genus did not seem to have a very clear con-
ception of its real scope, as the first species which he assigned to
it—constricticollis (=constrictus Lec.)—is generically quite dis-
tinct from the species of LeConte and Mannerheim, which he
subsequently states should be included, and which alone agree
with his generic diagnosis in having the sides of the prothorax
serrulate. The other two species described by Motschulsky have
not been identified and are probably also generically different
from rotundicollis, canescens, etc. I agree with LeConte, how-
ever, that it is probably the best course to regard Listrus as con-
stituted below, and not as the equivalent of Eschatocrepis Lec.
Our species are numerous, and those before me may be quite
readily distinguished among themselves as follows :—

Interspaces between the pronotal punctures, finely, evenly and closely punctu-
lato-rugulose.

Prothorax broadly arcuato-truncate at apex, the latter fully as wide as the

JRE PO 3. Ue She. Gongs GaSe one pen RaDOED ab aUeG Avon EER CE DEBE nee kISeape 1. rotundicollis

Prothorax much more narrowed anteriorly, the apex narrower than the
head, sinuato-truncate and with more distinct angles; pubescence less

APO DEC MAUC Orca. snsaecant ask aieceama Ssiwsevceiass dc saa sebessnss 2. interstitialis
Interspaces smooth or coarsely rugose.
Elytra without a broad denuded fascia at the middle .....................:.20008 2
Elytra with a broad dark quasi-denuded transverse fascia at the middle;
SUMMING WECLES ep acer elsteinsstitae's Iolelsiclaleissisiacievsle cielo de egiessacs icislein asleep aleoiavants ole delsaelene v)
Elytra with variegated pubescence and a conspicuous rhomboidal quasi-
denuded fascia at apical fourth; small species.................ceseeeeeeeneee ees 12

2— Larger species, 3 mm. or more in length, the denuded areas of the elytra in
the form of isolated spots or very uneven and interrupted fascive ........... 3

542 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

Smallerispecies, os mm. on less unslenothines sense csreeeeese seen eee eee eee Rees eee aaeeee 6
3—Pubescence noticeably long. 1.202. cectsssscecosanesnese actrees eenaee ese eee 4
PubesCence ‘SHOP bg.) ocsicsgeneneas ee onsnamecuse end cseeannstosesneoyens ieee eats eeee eee 5
4—Fifth ventral of the male truncate but not otherwise modified. California.
Elytral punctures coarse and rather sparse ................ 3. motschulskii
Elytral punctures smaller and denser; body more elongate; eyes more
PLOMINENtansDOLMISEXES seep seeeeeeeE se eee eee eeEE ee oeeneEeEeeeee 4. montanus
Fifth ventral broadly emarginate at apex, the pubescence bristling and black
posteriorly.) nocky, Mountains ses -e-eeeeseesseceeeeees 5. interruptus

)—Lateral cilia of the prothorax very short and nearly white as usual.
Elytral punctures coarse and sparse; body more obese and suboyal.
Prothorax subequal in width to the elytra, shining and sparsely pune-
LETS SR ay Pa Pea Re 8 ee 6. amplicollis
Prothorax distinctly narrower than the elytra, more narrowed anteriorly,
subopaque and very densely punctate.
Hypomera coarsely rugose; antennze stout toward apex.
7. densicollis
Hypomera more finely rugose; antennz slender.............. 8. plenus
Elytral punctures smaller and feebler; body less obese.
Elytral punctures sparse, the prothorax short and transverse.
9. Subseneus
Elytral punctures close-set; prothorax longer; body narrower and more

MAT AMLEL -veriactacietatine stasiciels'a aaretann ne sas esac suet snsneeea semanas 10. maculosus
Lateral cilia of the prothorax much longer, coarser, bristling and dark in
(COIL Teer RBs asta renee mae ne Sane, a ademer phe ete cd atk Nf TN pay ea Ot 11. pardalis

6— Elytra uniformly clothed with ashy hairs; antennz with a distinct three-
JoInted Chub. cccse seacawsshace nase oases ta teomenhes ot see wecee domes ec ace eee tea eee 7
Elytra with confusedly denuded spots, generally with a more or less distinct
transverse fascia meat the) Apex. n.s..4--nceesess-oaceeeeeseecteeseeeeneckeerereeeeeaees 8

‘7—Ashy pubescense distinct and moderately long; pronotum densely sculp-
tured and dull.
Elytral pubescence very dense; prothorax feebly transverse and much nar-
rowerhan shes ely tras... tsane-des-cesereassn ec coancetoecsaseate meee 12. senilis
Elytral pubescence distinctly sparser, the body smaller and less elongate.
Penultimate antennal joint of the male strongly transverse; prothorax

Narrower bhanebhe eliybrascsn.ceacereesseceseseeeeeaseeeer ek 13. Clavicornis
Penultimate joint nearly as long as wide; prothorax subequal in width
towthe Vely trains o.ccacsoscesracdonteneenbine: sates teases oacer anaes: 14. uniformis

Ashy pubescence very short and extremely sparse; pronotum sparsely and dis-
tincthy PUNCtUNEM ss. c5-oeanae oe wecte rama wateee eek emeuese ceeeseees 15. obscurellus
S—Tibie and tarsi clear rufous...............--0.-.sseeeeseeecereesoe 16. extricatus

Tibize and tarsi more obscure, black to dark rufo-piceous in color.

Elytra with two tolerably well marked denuded fascize behind the middle.
Male with the fifth ventral black velvety-pubescent...... 17. Camescens
Male without modified pubescence on the fifth ventral...18. diffiicilis

Elytra with the subapical fascia alone distinct, the other resolved into two
strongly V-shaped spots; pubescence dense and very coarse; pronotal
punctures distinct, the interspaces smooth..................0e0e00 19. fideli

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 543

Elytra with the vestiture confused and very indefinitely mottled; prono-
tum densely punctato-rugose.

The elytral vestiture coarse and extremely dense.................2 20. tritus

The elytral vestiture sparse; prothorax much shorter and more trans-

WEIRD dancemanbaneseb ce dosadnet bec ise SenGEe CHReP EE Bece esnO sare ene 21. confusus

Se eeossblacksor DIACKISN ast. ne se cet he coms dse+eacerenecsedeenesoce aes seeeecuecssesedess 10

LPG) TRO on oh ocaanpter s3 Gc qE Ano ADCOSU EC HCA BSS EcaaSE Bee pC RGse PERO ESCO Rc ncaa CHOseaee are 11
10—Elytra with the pubescence confusedly maculate towar d base.

Prothorax sparsely punctate ..................-..-eeseeeseseeeeeeeeee. Variegatus

Prothorax shorter and densely punctate..................ssseeee002 23. imcertus

Elytra with three almost even transverse fascize of pale hairs.

24. annulatus
11—Elytra with three fascize of pale hairs...................00.2000 25. rubripes
Elytra with unevenly distributed pubescence toward base.

Pronotum longer, rather sparsely and distinctly punctate ....26. Luteipes
Pronotum shorter, transverse, densely punctato-rugose.
White hairs of the elytra slender as usual.
Prothorax much narrower than the elytra, with subangulate sides.
27.. comncurrens
Prothorax about as wide as the elytra, with rounded sides.
28. balteellus
White hairs elongate-lanceolate and somewhat squamiform, very dense
in a narrow transverse fascia at apical third............. 29. famelicus
12— Body rather broad, dilated behind in the female ........ 30. Ornatulus

The original descriptions of the two unidentified species of
Motschulsky are appended :—

‘“Alatus, elongato-subovatus, subconvexus, nitidus, fortiter punctatus, bre-
vissime sparsim subargenteo sequaliter setulosi, supra nigro-zeneus, subtus
niger, antennarum articulis 2-4, labro, tibiarum apice tarsisque plus minusve
testaceo-piceis; capite punctato, fronte inter antennas tuberculo nitido notato,
oculis subprominulis; thorace subconvexo, fere transverso, punctato, antice
attenuato, angulis omnes rotundatis, lateribus postice distincte crenulatis; ely-
tris fortiter punctatis, thorace paulo latioribus, subovatis, postice arcuato-at-
tenuatis; femoribus subincrassatis. Long. 12 1.—lat. $1. Ross. [Sonoma Co. ]”’

31. punctatus

‘*A latus, elongato-subovatus, subeonvexus, nitidus, punctatus, sparsim cinereo
setosus, supra nigro-zeneus, subtus niger, tibiis rufo-testaceis, labro tarsisque
infuscatus, antennis femoribusque nigerrimis; fronte inter antennas transversim
carinulato, carinula valde nitida; thorace transverso, antice angustato, an-
gulis anticis distinctis, posticis rotundatis, lateribus subcrenulatis, longis-
sime setosis; elytris punctatis, cinereo setosis, subovatis, postice arcuato-
attenuatis. Long. 14 1.—lat. $ 1. ROS8’?..........scesecersnerseesoees 32. tibialis

The subjoined remarks add little or nothing to the descriptions
and need not be repeated. No species of Listrus having the pu-

544 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

bescence evenly distributed, as indicated by these descriptions, is
known to me from the true Pacific coast faunal province.

The statement in the table of LeConte (Proc. Acad., 1866, p.
357), that the prothorax in canescens, difficilis and rotundicollis
is not wider than long is very much in error, and is another ex-
ample of a singular personal equation previously alluded to (Col.
Not. II, p. 205), by which the author quoted continually over-
estimates the length of this part of the body in terms of its width;
at the same time, it should be said that this overestimation is more
or less general among systematic writers,and results largely from
a natural cerebral bias which it is difficult to explain satisfac-,
torily; it is only mentioned in the present connection because of
its exCessive amount.

1. L. rotundicollis Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., VI, p. 170
{ Dasytes); 1. c., 1866, p. 358 (Listrus).

Elongate-oval, strongly convex, polished throughout, black
with a dark steel-blue metallic reflection; legs and antennz black
throughout; pubescence very short, decumbent, coarse and
sparse, denuded near the suture behind the middle of each ely-
tron, longer and finer beneath. Head three-fifths as wide as the
prothorax, rather sparsely punctate, broadly biimpressed ante-
riorly. Prothorax nearly one-half wider than long, widest
slightly behind the middle, the sides arcuate with the cilia
strongly recurved; apex four-fifths as wide as the base, broadly
arcuate, the angles obtuse and decidedly blunt; disk evenly con-
vex, deeply and sparsely punctate, the interspaces flat and finely
and closely rugulose, becoming coarsely rugose only near the
sides. Scutellum densely albido-pubescent. Elytra three-fourths
longer than wide, only slightly wider than the prothorax, the
sides parallel and nearly straight, becoming rather abruptly
strongly convergent and feebly arcuate in apical third, the apex
conjointly narrowly rounded; disk very coarsely but not densely
punctate, less coarsely so toward apex. Under surface reticulate
but not distinctly punctate. Length 2.8 mm.; width 1.0 mm.

California (San José)—Cab. LeConte. The above outline is
taken from the female, in which sex the fifth ventral is much
longer than the fourth, truncate at apex and unmodified on the
disk. In the male the fifth segment is, according to LeConte,
somewhat excavated longitudinally, the excavation fringed with
black velvety pubescence.

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 545

2. L. interstitialis n. sp.—Elongate-oval, convex, polished, black,
the elytra with greenish, the pronotum with subcupreous metallic reflection;
legs black; antennz black, the second joint and the third less distinctly tes-
taceous; pubescence moderately short, sparse, denuded on each elytron in two
large spots in basal half and several confused spots behind the middle especi-
ally toward the suture. Head three-fifths as wide as the prothorax, sparsely
but deeply perforato-punctate, feebly granulato-reticulate, obsoletely biim-
pressed toward apex; eyes moderately prominent; antennz quite distinctly
longer than the prothorax, rather slender, feebly incrassate. Prothorax
scarcely more than one-third wider than long, widest near basal two-fifths;
sides broadly rounded toward base, thence strongly convergent and nearly
straight to the apex, the latter sinuato-truncate and scarcely two-thirds as
wide as the base; angles obtuse but scarcely at all rounded; disk evenly con-
vex, deeply but sparsely perforato-punctate, the interspaces flat and finely and
evenly granulato-rugose, coarsely rugose near the sides. Scutellum densely
clothed with white pubescence. Elytra fully four-fifths longer than wide,
slightly wider than the prothorax, the sides parallel and nearly straight,
rather rapidly parabolic in less than apical third; disk coarsely, deeply punc-
tate, somewhat rugose by oblique light, the punctures well separated, smaller
toward apex. Under surface finely but strongly rugose, the abdomen reticu-
late with fine lines toward apex. Legs moderate, the hind tarsi subequal in
length to the tibiew. Length 3.3 mm.; width 1.2 mm.

California (Sonoma Co.).

This species and the preceding are distinguished from all
others of the genus by the peculiar sculpture of the pronotum,
and interstitialis differs from rotundicollis in its longer and less
convex elytra, longer pubescence, color of the antennz and pecu-
liarities of thoracic structure previously stated. It is represented
by a single female specimen.

3. L. motschulskii Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1866, p. 357;
canescens Lec. nec Mann.: 1. c., VI, p. 170 ( Dasytes).

Subparallel, elongate, moderately stout and convex, polished
and with a dark bluish-metallic reflection ; pubescence decidedly
long, moderately coarse and sparse, rather indefinitely denuded in
numerous large rounded spots on the elytra. Head slightly more
than one-half as wide as the prothorax, rather closely perforato-
punctate, broadly and distinctly biimpressed anteriorly; an-
tennz one-third longer than the prothorax, rather slender, black
throughout. Prothorax one-half wider than long, widest at basal
two-fifths, the sides strongly serrulate, rounded behind, convergent
and straight anteriorly, the apex feebly arcuato-truncate, two-
thirds as wide as the base, the angles very obtuse but distinct ;

546 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

disk deeply and rather closely punctate, the interspaces polished
and nearly smooth, abruptly coarsely rugose in lateral fourth.
Elytra scarcely twice as long as wide, slightly wider than the pro-
thorax, parallel, parabolic in apical third, rather sparsely punc-
tate, the punctures not very strong and moderate in size. Legs
somewhat stout, black, picescent toward apex. Length 3.0-3.75
mm.; width 1.0-1.3 mm.

California. One of the largest species of the genus and readily
distinguishable by its long pubescence. The description is drawn
from the female, for more advantageous comparison with others
represented by that sex alone. The male is,as usual, smaller and
narrower, with the head three-fourths as wide as the prothorax
and with slightly more prominent eyes, the fifth ventral unmodi-
fied on the disk and broadly sinuato-truncate at apex, the genital
segment transversely oval, flat and completely unmodified on the
disk but clothed with longer blacker and more erect hairs; the
fifth ventral of the female is longer and slightly deflexed at the
apex.

4. L. montanus n. sp.—Elongate-oval, strongly convex, polished with
a feeble viridi-zeneous lustre; pubescence long and rather dense, the elytra with
rounded and widely isolated denuded spots which are less evident toward
base. Head nearly three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, with the eyes some-
what prominent; punctures moderate in size, close-set, the interspaces with
feeble scattered dents; frontal impressions feeble; antennze rather long, about
one-half longer than the prothorax, piceous-black, with the second joint evi-
dently somewhat pale. Prothorax one- half wider than long, outlined as in inter-
ruptus, but with the sides more convergent anteriorly, the apex relatively not
quite so wide and the apical angles obtuse but scarcely at all rounded; disk
rather closely punctate, the interspaces with small indents, especially toward
base and apex, coarsely rugose laterally. E/ytra nearly twice as long as wide,
distinctly wider than the prothorax, parallel, obtusely parabolic in apical
third, moderately coarsely, subrugosely and decidedly densely punctate.
Legs moderately slender, black, the tarsi picescent. Length 3.5-3.6 mm.;
width 1.2-1.25 mm.

California (Dunsmuir, Siskiyou Co.). Mr. Wickham.

The four specimens before me represent a species somewhat al-
lied to interruptus, but differing in its larger size, longer, more
finely and densely punctate elytra, and in the sexual characters of
the male, the fifth ventral in that sex being broadly and very
feebly sinuato-truncate and completely unmodified on the disk,
with the vestiture closely decumbent throughout. The descrip-

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 54T

tion is taken from the female, which is shorter and thicker in
body than the male but not larger in size.

5. L. interruptus Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., VI, p. 357.

Elongate-oval, strongly convex, highly polished and with a
feeble zeneous lustre ; interstitial spaces on the head and pronotum
polished and without trace of reticulation ; pubescence long, mod-
erately coarse, sparse, denuded in rounded spots on the elytra.
Head about three-fifths as wide as the prothorax, rather finely
and somewhat closely perforato-punctate, broadly biimpressed
toward apex ; antenne distinctly longer than the prothorax, rufo-
piceous, the basal joint black, second palest. Prothorax one-half
wider than long, widest two-fifths from the base; sides rounded
posteriorly, convergent and straighter toward apex, the latter
broadly arcuato-truncate and almost as wide as the base; angles
very obtuse and blunt; disk not very coarsely, deeply, moderately
closely punctate, coarsely reto-rugose as usual in rather less than
lateral fourth. Elytra three-fourths longer than wide, distinctly
wider than the prothorax, acutely ogival in apical third, coarsely
and deeply punctate, the punctures separated by about their own
widths, finer toward apex. Legs stout, the tarsi rufescent, the
posterior distinctly shorter than the tibie. Length 2.9-3.5 mm.;
width 1.0-1.25 mm.

Nebraska to California. The description is drawn from the fe-
male, the male being narrower, with relatively much larger head
and with the tips of the elytra less acute. The fifth ventral of
the male is broadly but strongly sinuato-truncate at apex, flat-
tened on the disk and clothed with long erect and bristling hairs,
which become black in apical half. This species extends westward
to the crests of the Sierras in California, but does not descend the
western slope of the mountains.

6. L. amplicollis n. sp.—Elongate-oval, moderately convex, highly
polished throughout and with a greenish-brassy lustre above; legs and an-
tenn black, the second joint of the latter piceo-testaceous; pubescence short,
very sparse, rather coarse, confusedly denuded in large anastomosing spots on
the elytra; interspaces of the head and pronotum polished and with small
feeble and widely distant punctures. Head barely three-fifths as wide as the
prothorax, not very densely punctate, strongly biimpressed anteriorly; an-
tenn distinctly longer than the prothorax, moderately stout toward apex.
Prothorax strongly transverse, three-fourths wider than long, rounded on the

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., VIII, Aug., 1895.—38

548 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

sides toward base, strongly narrowed to the apex which is broadly arcuato-
truncate, fully as wide as the head and distinctly narrower than the base;
angles very obtuse but only slightly rounded; disk strongly but rather sparsely
punctate, becoming rugose only in lateral sixth and with a subimpunctate
area in the middle toward base. Scutellum densely pubescent. Elytra four-
fifths longer than wide, scarcely wider than the prothorax, parallel, parabolic
in apical third or fourth, coarsely, deeply and rather sparsely punctate. Legs
moderately long, the hind tarsi much shorter than the tibize. Length 3.3mm. ;
width 1.2 mm.

California (San Francisco). Mr. Dunn.

The single type is a female, having the fifth ventral rather long
with the surface feebly reflexed at apex, the latter bristling with
dense pubescence. The two basal joints of the hind tarsi are
subequal in length, but in another female, which I took at San
Francisco, the basal joint is distinctly longer than the second,
and, as the prothorax is much less transverse, it probably repre-
sents a closely allied but distinct species.

This species is distinguishable at once from motschulskii, with
which alone it can be confounded, by its much shorter pubescence,
sparser and coarser punctures of the pronotum and _ other
characters.

7. L. densicollis n. sp.—Stout, oblong-oval, somewhat depressed above,
polished, black with a greenish-brassy lustre; legs and antennz black, the
second joint of the latter feebly picescent; pubescence short, sparse, cinereous,
not very persistent, denuded in large indefinite patches on the elytra. Head
three-fifths as wide as the prothorax, densely punctate, somewhat dull, the in-
terspaces polished though feebly rugose; frontal impressions distinct; eyes
moderate and ata considerable distance from the base; antennz only very
little longer than the prothorax, the tenth joint one-half wider than long.
Prothoraz one-half wider than long, widest at basal third, where the sides are
rather broadly and evenly rounded, thence strongly convergent and feebly
arcuate to the apex, the latter truncate and scarcely narrower than the pedun-
culate base; apical angles very obtuse and rounded; lateral serrules strong;
disk somewhat finely but deeply and closely perforato-punctate, the intervals
flat and feebly, sparsely punctulate, only slightly wider than the punctures;
rugose area occupying rather more than lateral fourth. Elytra oblong, two-
thirds longer than wide, fully one-third wider than the prothorax, parallel,
parabolic in apical third; humeri tumid and prominent; punctures rather
coarse deep and sparse. Abdomen alutaceous, rather strongly but finely reticu-
late and punctulate, the legs moderately long, the hind tarsi much shorter
than the tibiz with the basal joint but slightly longer than the second.
Length 3.2-3.8 mm.; width 1.2-1.4 mm.

California (Napa Co.).

i

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 549

Described from the female and the male is still unknown. This
is a distinct form, readily identifiable by the dull and densely
sculptured pronotum, with unusually strong lateral serrulation,
broad form and coarse sparse elytral punctures. Three speci-
mens.

8. L. plenus n. sp.—Elongate-oval, strongly convex, polished, black,
without metallic lustre; legs throughout and antennze black, the second joint
of the latter piceous; pubescence short, sparse, feebly persistent and denuded
in large irregular areas on the elytra. Head fully three-fourths as wide as the
prothorax, finely but deeply, sparsely perforato-punctate, the interspaces flat
and somewhat rugose especially toward the eyes, the latter rather large but
not prominent and situated near the base; frontal impressions broad and dis-
tinct; antennze slender, quite distinctly longer than the prothorax, the tenth
joint about as long as wide. Prothorax two-fifths wider than long, the sides
evenly and moderately convergent and feebly arcuate from near the base to
the obtuse and somewhat rounded apical angles; apex broadly arcuato-trun-
eate and wider than the pedunculiform part of the base, which is more pro-
nounced than usual; disk widest at basal third, moderately coarsely, deeply
and very closely perforato-punctate, scabrous and opaque in lateral fourth;
punctures separated by barely their own dimensions, the narrow interspaces
sparsely and feebly punctulate. E£/ytra three-fourths longer than wide, fully
one-third wider than the prothorax, parallel, acutely parabolic in apical third,
coarsely and rather sparsely punctate, much more finely so toward apex.
Length 3.0 mm.; width 1.2 mm.

Vancouver Island.

The single female type represents a species which cannot
readily be confounded with any other known to me, being allied
to densicollis only in the very close punctuation of the prono-
tum, but differing remarkably in its relatively larger head and
very much more slender antennz; the sides of the prothorax are
less convergent anteriorly than in densicollis, as might be infer-
red from the large head.

9. L. subszeneus n. sp.—Moderately elongate and convex, polished,
with feeble cupreo-zeneous lustre; legs throughout and antennz black, the
second joint of the latter feebly testaceous; pubescence moderately short,
sparse, denuded in large spots on the elytra and readily removable. Head
three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, the eyes somewhat prominent; punc-
tures fine and rather sparse; frontal impressions widely separated, very deep
and less diffuse than usual; antenne slender, very much longer than the
prothorax, the tenth joint about as long as wide and slightly asymmetric.
Prothorax short, rather more than one-half wider than long, widest near basal
third, the sides moderately convergent, becoming straight in apical half, dis-
tinctly serrulate; apex broadly arcuato-truncate, much wider than the pedun-

550 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

culiform part of the base, the apical angles widely rounded; disk finely, not
very densely punctate, opaque and scabrous in lateral fourth; interspaces
coarsely, sparsely and feebly indented. Elytra three-fourths longer than wide,
slightly wider than the prothorax, parallel, parabolic in apical third, the
humeri obtusely prominent; punctures rather fine and sparse. Legs moder-
ately long, the hind tarsi slender, only slightly shorter than the tibiz.
Length 3.1-3.7 mm.; width 1.1-1.3 mm.

California (Napa and Sonoma Cos.).

The punctures of the head and pronotum are much more shal-
low than usual. A specimen before me, assumed to be the male
of the above-described female, has the head relatively only
slightly larger and the eyes only a little more prominent, the
fifth ventral much shorter, with its tip truncate, feebly deflexed
and with a broadly obtuse median cusp, the surface with a small
deep rounded fovea at the middle but without erect hairs, the
genital segment not visible, but with the under surface of the
dorsal pygidium largely exposed behind.

The male modification of the fifth segment is similar to that
indicated by LeConte for his difficilis (Proc. Acad., 1866, p.
398), but several species were included by the author under that
name, and the male of the true difficilis has no such medial
fovea, as can be proved by a large series taken by the writer in
the vicinity of San José.

10. L. maculosus n. sp.—Elongate, parallel, narrow and convex, pol-
ished, with a very faint bluish-metallic lustre; pubescence short, rather
abundant and persistent, denuded in large isolated spots on the elytra, these
spots not forming fascize posteriorly. Head rather more than three-fourths as
wide as the prothorax, the eyes prominent, distant from the base by nearly one-
half of their length; punctures fine but deep, rather sparse, the frontal im-
pressions wide and moderate; antenne long, almost equalling the head and
prothorax, black, with the second joint scarcely paler, the tenth perceptibly
longer than wide, eleventh oval. Prothorax scarcely one-half wider than long,
widest and evenly rounded at basal third, the sides thence rather strongly con-
vergent and nearly straight to the apex, the latter arcuato-truncate and not
quite as wide as the head; disk finely but deeply, not very densely perforato-
punctate, rugose in much less than lateral fourth; interspaces sparsely and
feebly variolate or indented. Scutellum moderate in size, albido-pubescent.
Elytra twice as long as wide, not evidently wider than the prothorax, parallel,
rather obtusely parabolic in about apical fourth; humeri rounded, scarcely at
all tumid; punctures moderate in size, rather feeble and close-set. Legs black,
moderately long and slender. Length 3.25 mm.; width 1.1 mm.

California (San Francisco). Mr. Dunn.

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 551

The unique example is a male and has the fifth ventral flat,
completely unmodified, with the usual sparse decumbent pubes-
cence, and with the apex broadly truncate. The antenne are un-
usually long, and this is probably a specific character, as I have
not been able to note much variability in this organ due to sex.

11. L. pardalis n. sp.—Oblong-oval, convex, polished, black with a
feeble zeneous lustre; legs black, the antennze black or piceous-black, with the
second joint not distinctly paler, the basal joint large and deep black; pubes-
cence moderately short, coarse, rather sparse, arranged in a complex pattern
on the elytra, of which a narrow uneyen fascia at apical third is particularly
noticeable. Head fully two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, the eyes rather
large but not very prominent; punctures somewhat fine and well separated,
the interspaces flat and smooth toward the middle; frontal impressions broad
but distinct; antennz about one-fourth longer than the prothorax, somewhat
slender, the tenth joint as long as wide and scarcely asymmetric. Prothorax
transverse, one-half wider than long, the sides feebly convergent and straight
in apical half to the broadly rounded angles, becoming parallel and feebly
arcuate posteriorly ; apex broadly arcuato-truncate, much wider than the pedun-
culiform part of the base, which is pronounced; disk strongly and closely per-
forato-punctate, the interspaces flat and smooth toward the middle, scabrous
and opaque in distinctly less than lateral fourth. Elytra nearly twice as long
as wide, scarcely wider than the prothorax toward base but feebly inflated in
apical half, very obtusely and subcircularly rounded behind; punctures moder-
ately large and somewhat sparse. Legs moderate, the hind tarsi long and
slender, almost as long as the tibiz. Length 3.25 mm.; width 1.25 mm.

California (Mountains of Sta. Cruz Co.).

The single type is a female. In this species the pattern of
cinereous hairs on the elytra is better defined and with the pubes-
cence apparently more persistent than in those which precede,
and it is further remarkable in having the fringe at the sides of
the prothorax composed of hairs which are longer, stiffer and
darker than usual, and in the posterior inflation of the elytra.

12. L. semilis Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., VI, p. 170; 1. ¢.,
1866, p. 358.

Female rather stout and convex, the male more slender; body
densely and uniformly clothed with moderately long, subdecum-
bent, coarse and dense cinereous hairs, the integuments black,
polished, the punctures of the head and pronotum densely and
polygonally crowded and rugulose though shallow, of the elytra
coarse, deep and close-set; legs and antennz black throughout,
the latter slightly longer than the prothorax, with a distinct

552 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

three-jointed club, the tenth joint transverse. Prothorax two-
fifths wider than long, the sides but feebly convergent from near
the base to the obtuse apical angles; apex broadly arcuate.
Elytra two-thirds to three-fourths longer than wide, distinctly
wider than the prothorax. Length 2.5-3.2 mm.; width 0.8-1.2 mm.

Kansas, Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona. The measure-
ments apply to the extremes of a very large series. The fifth
ventral of the male is rather more than one-half longer than the
fourth, truncate at apex, with the surface slightly flat and per-
fectly unmodified, the pubescence white, normal and decumbent
throughout, except the two usual long black and erect ambula-
torial sete at each side near the apex; the genital segment is
broadly, feebly bisinuate at apex, flat, with a fine median canali-
culation. The dorsal pygidium projects behind as seen from be-
low, its under surface being clothed with blacker and more erect
hairs, and it is probably this which was observed by LeConte (1.
c., p. 8358), and not the apex of the fifth ventral.

13. L. clavicornis n. sp.—Elongate-oval, strongly convex, moderately
shining, black with a feeble zneous-metallic lustre; pubescence moderately
long, decumbent, evenly distributed and sparse. Head four-fifths as wide as
the prothorax, the eyes prominent, surface densely and rugosely sculptured,
the punctures polygonally crowded and rather shallow; antennz black
throughout, moderate in length, with a three-jointed club, the tenth joint trans-
verse. Prothorax transverse, rather more than one-half wider than long, the
sides feebly but distinctly convergent and only slightly arcuate from near the
base to the apical angles, which are obtuse and rounded; apex wide and
broadly arcuate; base broadly and feebly pedunculate; marginal fringe short
and dense; disk broadly, evenly convex. Elytra oblong, two-thirds longer
than wide, distinctly wider than the prothorax, parallel, rather acutely ogival
in apical third; punctures moderately large, deep and decidedly sparse. Legs
somewhat short, deep black throughout. Length 2.5 mm.; width 0.8-0.9 mm.

Arizona.

The description is taken from the male, the female being not
larger or greatly different in form, but with a decidedly smaller
head. In the male the fifth ventral is sparsely clothed with ordi-
nary pubescence throughout, truncate at apex and unmodified.
This species is allied to senzlis, but differs in its smaller size and
relatively shorter form, in its much sparser vestiture and much
shorter and more transverse prothorax. Five specimens,

14. L. uniformis n. sp.—Elongate, parallel, convex, moderately shin-
ing, black with a dull zeneous lustre; legs and antennze piceous-black; pubes-

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 553

cence moderately long and coarse, evenly distributed and rather sparse. Head
three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, densely punctato-rugose, the punctures
shallow; anterior impressions:moderate, separated at the frontal margin by a
shining impunctate space; epistoma narrow, polished, impunctate, pale and
subcoriaceous; labrum dark; eyes rather prominent; antennee distinctly longer
than the prothorax, somewhat slender, the fifth joint dilated as usual, club
feeble, the tenth joint almost as long as wide. Prothorax short, strongly trans-
verse, three-fifths wider than long, narrowly rounded and widest near the base,
the sides thence strongly convergent and nearly straight to the obtuse apical
angles; apex feebly arcuate, the base broadly, almost evenly and more strongly
arcuate; disk broadly and evenly convex, dull and sculptured like the head.
Elytra short, oblong, parallel, barely two-thirds longer than wide, not evyi-
dently wider than the prothorax, obtusely parabolic in apical third, the punc-
tures strong, rather coarse and moderately close-set. Abdomen feebly sculp-
tured and rather shining, the legs moderate in length. Length 2.4 mm.;
width 0.9 mm.

Arizona.

Allied to clavicornis, but distinguishable at once by its slightly
denser vestiture, much broader prothorax, less clavate antennz
with a decidedly less transverse tenth joint, and by the broadly
impressed sulcus of the genital segment; the fifth ventral of the
male is truncate at apex, with the surface broadly flattened and
normally pubescent. <A single male.

15. L. obscurellus Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., VI, p. 170
(Dasytes); 1. ¢., 1866, p. 358 (Listrus).

Rather stout, suboval, convex, black throughout, the head and
pronotum with finely reticulate interspaces and feeble sneous
lustre, the elytra with dull but indefinitely sculptured interspaces
and a feeble bluish tinge; pubescence extremely short, remote,
evenly distributed and decumbent. Head three-fourths as wide
as the prothorax, quite finely and sparsely punctate, the impres-
sions feeble; epistoma short, transverse, pale and coriaceous ;
eyes prominent, rather small; antennz slender, nearly one-half
longer than the prothorax, the three-jointed club feeble, tenth
joint one-third wider than long. Prothoraxabout one-third wider
than long, the sides subparallel, evenly arcuate; punctures small,
deep and sparse, the sculpture rugose near the sides. Elytra
oval, one-half longer than wide, nearly one-half wider than the
prothorax, obtusely ogival at apex, broadly sinuate at base, the
humeri anteriorly and obtusely prominent; sides parallel and
broadly arcuate; disk rather finely and sparsely, feebly but sub-

554 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

rugosely punctured. Legs moderate in length and decidedly
slender. Length 2.i mm.; width 0.75 mm.

California (San Diego). I have only seen the female of this
species, which is one of the smallest and most isolated of the
genus; it evidently belongs tothe senilis group, however, because
of the uniformly distributed pubescence and three-jointed anten-
nal club, but differs completely in the sculpture of the head and
pronotum.

16. L. extricatus n. sp.—Elongate, parallel, moderately convex, pol-
ished, black with a reddish or cupreous lustre; legs black, the tibiz and tarsi
pale rufo-testaceous; antennze piceous, the basal joint black, the second testa-
ceous; pubescence rather long, moderately coarse, close and semi-erect, cine-
reous, with confused denuded spots and lines on the elytra, a fine and strongly
bizigzag band behind the middle and a broader and more even non-interrupted
straight fascia at apical fourth being especially noticeable. Head two-thirds as
wide as the prothorax, the eyes moderate in size, somewhat prominent and
distant from the base; surface densely and deeply punctato-rugose and dull,
the anterior impressions broad and feeble; epistoma with a wide coriaceous
apical margin; antenn distinctly longer than the prothorax, the tenth joint
but slightly wider than long. Prothorax transverse, fully one-half wider than
long; sides strongly convergent and broadly arcuate from near the base to the
broadly obtuse apical angles; apex feebly arcuate, more strongly so and nar-
rower than the projecting base; disk deeply and densely punctato-rugose, more
coarsely and densely so toward the sides. Elytra long and parallel, fully three-
fourths longer than wide, only shghtly wider than the prothorax, broadly and
very obtusely rounded in apical fourth; base transversely truncate, the humeri
right and narrowly rounded; punctures rather coarse, deep, moderately close-
set, the interspaces convex and highly polished. Legs rather long, the hind
tarsi slender. Length 2.8-3.0 mm.; width 1.0-1.15 mm.

California (San Diego). Mr. Dunn.

The male, serving as the type of the above description, has the
fifth ventral along the median line very short, not longer than the
fourth, the apex broadly but distinctly sinuate and the disk flat
and entirely unmodified, the pubescence decumbent, ashy and
normal; behind the fifth ventral, the horizontal under part of the
dorsal pygidium is flattened, transversely oval and densely
clothed with erect blackish hairs. I cannot perceive the true
genital segment in any of the four specimens before me.

Two examples from Utah represent a feeble geographical va-
riety, agreeing throughout except that the size is a trifle larger
and the pronotal sculpture much smoother toward the middle.

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 555

17. L. Camescens Mann.—Bull. Mosc., 1843, p. 247 (Dasytes); Mots.:
1. c., 1859, ii, p. 391 (Listrus); Lec.: Proc. Acad., Phila., 1866, p. 357 (Lis-
trus).

Somewhat narrow, convex, polished, black with a strong viri-
di-zeneous lustre; legs black, the tibiz and tarsi faintly picescent ;
antenne black, the second joint piceo-testaceous; pubescence
rather short and sparse, moderately coarse, denuded in large
areas on the elytra of which two wide and straight transverse
fasciz on the elytra behind the middle are especially noticeable, the
anterior frequently interrupted at the suture; interspaces on the
head and median parts of the pronotum smooth, flat and almost
sculptureless. Head nearly four-fifths as wide as the prothorax,
rather sparsely and unequally punctate, the impressions very
feeble ; eyes moderately prominent; antennz slender, nearly one-
half longer than the prothorax, the tenth joint slightly longer
than wide. Prothorax two-fifths wider than long, the sides con-
vergent and feebly arcuate from near the base; disk rather
closely and strongly punctate, rugose and opaque in lateral
fourth. Elytra three-fourths longer than wide, slightly wider
than the prothorax, parallel, parabolic at apex, coarsely and mod-
erately closely punctate. Length 2.7 mm.; width 1.0 mm.

California (Marin Co.). The fifth ventral of the male is one-
half longer than the fourth, flat and normally pubescent in basal
half, but clothed with long dense and semi-erect black hairs and
also feebly impressed toward apex, the latter broadly and dis-
tinctly sinuate; behind the sinus the pubescent under surface of
dorsal pygidium is distinctly visible. Four perfectly uniform male
specimens.

18. L. diffficilis Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., II, p. 170 (Dasy-
tes); 1. c., 1866, p. 358 (Listrus).

Narrow, convex, black, with a greenish-metallic lustre, the pu-
bescence nearly as in canescens, the denuded band just behind
the middle feebly bisinuate and the subapical band frequently
broken into two spots on each elytron. Head three-fourths as
wide as the prothorax, the eyes prominent and at some distance
from the base; surface confusedly punctato-rugose; antennz pi-
ceous, the basal joint black, the second testaceous, outer joints
cinereo-pubescent, the tenth as wide as long. Prothorax one-half
wider than long, the sides strongly convergent and almost

556 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

straight from near the base; disk closely and strongly punctate,
the interspaces feebly rugose but polished, opaque and strongly
rugose in lateral fourth. Elytra three-fourths longer than wide,
parallel and straight at the sides, slightly wider than the pro-
thorax, rather more finely punctate than in canescens, the punc-
tures moderately sparse. Length 2.5-3.0 mm.; width 0.8-1.2 mm.

California (Sta. Clara and Napa Cos.). The female is de-
cidedly stouter than the male above outlined, with the head
smaller and the elytra shorter and broader; the fifth ventral of the
male is short though distinctly longer than the fourth, and is
transversely truncate at apex, the surface even and unmodified ;
the genital segment is broadly sinuate at apex, with a narrow
median canaliculation, and the dorsal pygidium is visible at apex.
In the female the fifth ventral is longer, rounded, with the surface
deflexed at apex and apparently somewhat impressed. This
Species is represented in my cabinet by a large series.

I have before me three specimens from Truckee, in the Sierras,
which are almost undistinguishable from the typical forms of
difficilis, but which have the fifth ventral of the male broadly
and feebly sinuate at apex; they apparently represent a closely
allied species or subspecies.

19. L. fidelis n. sp.—Narrow, elongate, convex, polished, with a grayish-
zeneous lustre; legs black, the tibize except toward base and tarsi rufo-piceous;
antennz piceous-black, the second joint piceo-testaceous, the basal joint large
black and cinereo-pubescent; pubescence long, coarse and dense on the prono-
tum, less dense on the elytra. Head four-fifths as wide as the prothorax, the
eyes rather large and prominent, the facets mutually adjacent; surface densely
punctate, feebly rugose toward the sides, the anterior impressions feeble; epi-
stoma rectilinearly truncate and black throughout; antennz rather long and
slender, one-half longer than the prothorax, the fifth joint much longer and
wider than the fourth or sixth, triangular, tenth distinctly longer than wide.
Prothorax scarcely one-half wider than long; sides broadly rounded toward
base, rather strongly convergent and becoming almost straight thence to the
broadly obtuse and rounded apical angles; apex feebly arcuate, wider than the
feebly pedunculiform part of the base; disk rather finely and closely perforato-
punctate, becoming rugose in much less than lateral fourth. Elytra elongate,
four-fifths longer than wide, slightly wider than the prothorax, subparallel,
scarcely visibly dilated posteriorly, the apex evenly parabolic; punctures
somewhat coarse, deep and close-set. Legs moderately stout, the hind tarsi
slender and slightly shorter than the tibiz. Length 2.75 mm.; width 0.85 mm.

California.
The single male before me has the fifth ventral transversely and

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 557

evenly truncate at apex, about one-third longer than the fourth,
with its surface completely unmodified and clothed with the usual
decumbent ashy pubescence.

This species is allied to difficilis, agreeing in the general char-
acter of the sexual modifications, but differs much in its longer
elytra, longer coarser denser and more confusedly denuded pu-
bescence, less transverse prothorax and other features.

20. L. tritus n. sp.—Narrow, elongate and convex, the integuments
black, shining and slightly brassy but densely clothed with rather long coarse
and subdecumbent cinereous hairs, which are generally not at all denuded on
the elytra except ina few spots behind the middle, of which four arranged
transversely in the position of the usual fascia at apical fourth are particularly
evident. Head fully three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, the neck rather
strongly narrowed ; eyes moderate in size but decidedly prominent ; punc-
tures moderately sparse, the interspaces coarsely rugose but polished ; subapi-
cal impressions feeble ; antennze slender, nearly one-half longer than the pro-
thorax, piceous-black, the second joint paler, tenth rather longer than wide.
Prothorax two-fifths wider than long, parallel and evenly arcuate at the sides
in basal half, thence strongly convergent and straight to the obtusely rounded
apical angles, the serrulation very fine and feeble ; apex feebly arcuate ; disk
opaque under low power ; punctures moderately close, the interspaces strongly
rugose but polished, more evidently and coarsely rugose as usual in rather less
than lateral fourth. E/ytra long, four-fifths longer than wide, quite distinctly
wider than the prothorax, parallel and straight at the sides, narrowly para-
bolic in apical third or fourth ; disk rather coarsely, deeply and closely punc-
tate. Under surface finely pubescent as usual, the legs black throughout.
Length 2.8-3.0 mm; width 0.9-1.1 mm.

California ( Lake Co.).

The three males before me represent a close ally of difficilis, but
can be specifically distinguished by the more elongate body
clothed with longer, denser and much coarser pubescence, the
latter being denuded in definite areas only behind the middle.
From jidelis it also differs in this last character, and in its
smaller eyes and more opaque and rugose sculpture of the pro-
notum. The fifth ventral is about one-half longer than the
fourth, truncate at apex and unmodified on the disk.

21. L. confusus n. sp.—Elongate-oval, moderately convex, black with
a feeble zeneous lustre on the elytra; legs black, the tarsi slightly pale; an-
tennze piceous-black, the second joint paler and piceo-testaceous; pubescence
rather long, suberect, moderately coarse, not very dense, consisting of cinereous
hairs which, on the elytra, are brownish in certain small scattered spots with
indefinite boundaries, brown toward the middle of the pronotum except along

558 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

the median line. Head three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, rather rugose,
finely and somewhat sparsely punctate, deeply and broadly biimpressed an-
teriorly, the impressions but slightly separated; epistoma with a wide pale
apical margin; eyes rather prominent; antennz distinctly longer than the
prothorax, somewhat stout toward apex, the tenth joint as long as wide but
unusually asymmetric, being more pointed and pubescent internally at apex.
Prothorax transverse, rather more than one-half wider than long, narrowly
rounded at basal third, thence strongly convergent and straight to the obtuse
apical angles, which are scarcely at all rounded from above; apex broadly,
rather strongly arcuate; disk somewhat finely and densely punctate, the punc-
tures unusually shallow and irregular, the narrow interspaces not rugose but
finely, sparsely and unevenly punctate, the lustre very dull, the lateral rugose
area not distinctly delimited. Elytra oblong, only slightly wider than the
prothorax, three-fourths longer than wide, parallel and straight at the sides,
parabolic at apex, with a short and narrow sutural notch; punctures rather
coarse and sparse. Legs moderately long and stout, the hind tarsi slightly
shorter than the tibie. Length 2.7-2.75 mm.; width 0.9-1.0 mm.

California (San Francisco). Mr. Dunn.

A single pair of this species was sent to me some years ago,
and the description is drawn from the male, the female being al-
most similar but slightly stouter, with a distinctly smaller head
and less prominent eyes. The sexual characters are of the same
type as in difficilis, from which it can be known at once by the
confused pubescence and shallow opaque sculpture of the prono-
tum. A single female from southern California represents a spe-
cies closely allied to this, which it would serve no good purpose
to define at present.

22. L. variegatus n. sp.—Oblong-oval, moderately convex, highly pol-
ished throughout, black with a feeble violaceo-metallic lustre; legs black,
the tibiz and tarsi piceo-rufous; antennz piceo-testaceous, the basal joint
black, second paler, outer joints gradually slightly blackish; pubescence mod-
erately long, fine, sparse, dark brown and quasi-denuded in a broad median
band and another more irregular near apical fourth, also in several subbasal
spots. Head only slightly narrower than the prothorax, the eyes rather small
and prominent; punctures fine and sparse, the anterior impressions broad,
moderate, separated at apex by a large feebly elevated and nearly smooth
area; apical margin of the epistoma not pale; antennze slender, only very feebly
incrassate, the tenth joint distinctly longer than wide. Prothorax barely two-
fifths wider than long, widest and broadly rounded at basal two-fifths, the
sides almost equally and feebly convergent and straight to base and apex, the
basal angles nearly right and not rounded, the apical obtuse and slightly
blunt; apex feebly arcuate; disk rather finely and sparsely perforato-punc-
tate, the interspaces wide, flat, and almost sculptureless though very obso-
letely and unevenly punctulate, becoming scabrous and dull in lateral fifth.

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 559

Elytra oblong, barely two-thirds longer than wide, one-third wider than the
prothorax, parallel and straight at the sides, very obtusely parabolic in rather
less than apical third; base rectilinearly truncate, the humeri right, narrowly
rounded; punctures moderately coarse, deep and decidedly sparse. Abdomen
alutaceous, finely and feebly punctulate, reticulate and finely, moderately
densely pubescent. Length 2.6 mm.; width 1.0.

California (Mendocino and Napa Cos.).

The three specimens in my cabinet are females, the fifth ven-
tral being rounded behind and feebly deflexed, the apex of the ab-
domen bristling with a few very long and erect black sete. Va-
riegatus resembles luteipes almost perfectly, but is larger, with a
relatively narrower and less transverse prothorax, shorter vesti-
ture and black femora.

23. L. imcertus n. sp.—Elongate, convex, polished, black, the upper
surface with a strong violaceo-metallic lustre; legs black, the tibize and tarsi
rufo-piceous; antennze piceous-black, the second and third joints paler; pubes-
cence short, only moderately coarse and dense, in great part denuded on the
elytra in large spots toward base and wide irregular bands at the middle and
at apical fourth. Head slightly but distinctly narrower than the prothorax,
the eyes rather large and prominent; punctures small, moderately sparse, the
surface rugose laterally and toward base; anterior impressions broad; epistoma
transversely impressed and thinned toward apex but not pale; labrum intense
black throughout, broadly arcuate at apex; antennze slender, almost as long
as the head and prothorax in the male, with the tenth joint more than one-
third longer than wide, a little shorter in the female, with the tenth joint
scarcely longer than wide. Prothorax one-half or more wider than long, nar-
rowly rounded and widest near the base, the sides strongly convergent and
nearly straight thence to the obtuse apical angles; apex broadly and feebly
arcuate; disk finely, closely punctate and generally dull, the interspaces
sparsely and finely pitted, coarsely rugose toward the sides. £lytra three-
fourths longer than wide, parallel, obtusely rounded or parabolic behind, quite
distinctly wider than the prothorax, rather finely and not densely punctate.
Length 2.5-2.8 mm.; width 0.75-1.0 mm.

California (Sta. Clara Co.).

This species is allied to variegatus, and differs in its shorter
and more opaque pronotum. The general characters of the de-
scription are taken from the male, in which sex the fifth ventral
is trapezoidal, broadly truncate at apex and unmodified on the
disk; in the female the head is relatively slightly smaller, but
the eyes are almost as prominent as in the male. Five specimens.

24. L. annulatus n. sp.—Stout and oblong, convex, highly polished,
black with a greenish-metallic lustre; legs black, the tibize and tarsi rufo-

560 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

piceous; antennz black, the funicle slightly paler toward base; pubescence
rather short and sparse, moderately coarse, forming a broad even cinereous
fascia at basal and apical third, and a narrower fascia enveloping the apex;
intermediate dark fascize clothed with finer blackish hairs; anterior pale band
prolonged narrowly along the suture to the scutellum. Head two-thirds as
wide as the prothorax, finely, sparsely and unevenly punctate, rugose only to-
ward the eyes and base; impressions distinct, short and widely separated;
apical margins of the epistoma and labrum somewhat pale and subcoriaceous;
eyes rather large and subprominent; antennze very slender, the basal joint
stout as usual; two-fifths longer than the prothorax, scarcely visibly incrassate,
the tenth joint barely as long as wide, eleventh elongate-oval, pointed and
nearly as long as the two preceding. Prothorax short and strongly transverse,
fully two-thirds wider than long, widest and rather broadly rounded toward
base, the sides strongly convergent and almost straight in apical half; serrula-
tion rather coarse and strong; apical angles obtuse, the apex truncate; disk
finely and sparsely perforato-punctate, the interspaces wide, flat, polished and
sculptureless, coarsely scabrous only in lateral fifth or sixth. Elytra oblong,
scarcely three-fifths longer than wide, distinctly wider than the prothorax,
feebly dilated behind basal third, with the sides feebly arcuate, broadly
ogival at apex, not very coarsely but strongly and quite sparsely punctate.
Length 2.4 mm.; width 0.95 mm.

California (Truckee); Utah (Provo).

The type from the Sierras seems to be a female, and the Provo
specimen is quite similar. This is one of the more distinct and
isolated species of the genus, and may be readily known by the
evenly banded arrangement of the vestiture.

25. L. rubripes n. sp.—Stout, oblong-oval, convex, polished, black with
an eeneous lustre; legs throughout bright rufous; antennze piceous-black, the
funicle distinctly paler toward base; pubescence short and sparse, not very
coarse, the pale ashy hairs arranged in three transverse fascize on the elytra,
the first extending from the base to rather beyond basal third and enclosing
two subscutellar dark spots, the second narrow and near apical third, and the
third enveloping the apices; dark bands and spots clothed as usual with finer
dark hairs. Head nearly three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, finely,
sparsely punctate, only feebly rugulose, the eyes moderately prominent but
well developed; labrum slightly pale at apex, the epistoma black; frontal im-
pressions distinct and widely separated; antennze moderately stout and incras-
sate, with some sparse erect setee toward tip, distinctly longer than the pro-
thorax, the tenth joint barely as long as wide. Prothorax transverse, fully
oné-half wider than long, broadly rounded and parallel at the sides, narrowed
and with the sides straight toward apex, widest near basal two-fifths; disk
rather sparsely punctate, the interspaces flat aid smooth, rugose in lateral
fifth; punctures only moderately deep. £lytra oblong, two-thirds longer
than wide, one-third wider than the prothorax, slightly wider at apical two-
fifths than at base, the sides feebly arcuate; apex broadly and obtusely rounded;

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 561

punctures coarse and sparse. Abdomen shining, finely reticulate, the legs
moderate in length, the anterior tibize devoid of external spines. Length 2.5
mm.; width 1.0 mm.

Colorado.

Somewhat resembles the last, but readily distinguishable by
the bright red legs and somewhat different disposition of the
pubescent fasciz. <A single female.

26. L. luteipes Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., VI, p. 170 ( Dasy-
tes.); 1. ¢., 1866, p. 358 ( Listrus).

Narrow, polished, black, slightly seneous in lustre, the legs
bright rufous throughout; antenne testaceous, the first and outer
joints darker; pubescence moderately long and dense and some-
what coarse, quasi-denuded in a wide median band which be-
comes broader and rhombiform toward the suture, in an irregularly
zigzag fascia at apical fourth, and, on each elytron,in asmall apical
and two subscutellar spots. Head four-fifths as wide as the
prothorax, the eyes rather prominent, the punctures fine and
sparse ; impressions distinct; antennz almost as long as the head
and prothorax, the tenth joint nearly one-half longer than wide.
Prothorax scarcely more than one-third wider than long, dilated
toward base, finely and sparsely punctate, the punctures very
deep and perforate, rugose in lateral fifth or sixth; interspaces
perfectly smooth. Elytra parallel and straight at the sides,
three-fourths longer than wide, only very slightly wider than the
prothorax, moderately coarsely and closely punctate. Length
2.0-2.5 mm.; width 0.75—0.9 mm

California (Los Angeles and Napa Cos.). A common and very
readily recognized species in the coast regions of middle and
southern California. The above outline is from the male, the
sexual characters being as in difficilis; the female is slightly
stouter, with a rather smaller head, slightly more transverse
prothorax, and with the elytra feebly dilated posteriorly ; there
seems to be only slight sexual divergence in the antenne, but
some individuals have the basal joint also pale.

27. L. concurrens n. sp—Narrowly convex, sub-parallel, black, the head
and pronotum dull, the elytra polished and with a feeble neous lustre; legs
red throughout; antennze black, the funicle piceo-testaceous toward base; pu-
bescence rather long and sparse, the cinereous hairs of the elytra of normal
slender structure, with a wide dark band at the middle and another narrower
at apical fourth, the latter interrupted at the middle of each elytron; vesti-

562 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

ture toward base feebly quasi-denuded in two rounded spots on each ely-
tron. Head nearly four-fifths as wide as the prothorax, flat, densely punc-
tato-rugose, the impressions feeble and separated by a large impunctate spot;
eyes rather large and only moderately prominent; antennz somewhat stout,
of the usual length, the tenth joint slightly wider than long and feebly ob-
trapezoidal. Prothorax feebly transverse, but slightly more than one-third
wider than long, widest and somewhat obtusely angulate at basal third, the
sides thence moderately convergent and straight to the apex; disk densely
punctato-rugose and opaque. Elytra two-thirds longer than wide, fully two-
fifths wider than the prothorax, parallel and straight at the sides, the apex
very broadly and obtusely ogival and narrowly dehiscent as usual, the sutural
angles right and not blunt; base truncate, the humeri slightly tumid and
rather broadly rounded. Length 1.9 mm.; width 0.7 mm.

Nevada (Reno).

The two males, which are the sole representatives of this dis-
tinct and diminutive species, have the fifth ventral truncate at
apex, the disk feebly flattened posteriorly, the white hairs there
becoming slightly more erect and directed obliquely toward the
median line. It resembles luteipes somewhat, but is still smaller
and differs conspicuously in the very dense and opaque sculpture
of the pronotum under low power.

28. L. balteellus n. sp.—Narrow, parallel, convex, the elytra polished
and with a feeble zeneous lustre, black, the legs red with the tibiz toward
base and tarsi sometimes picescent; antennze black, the funicle paler toward
base; pubescence rather sparse, that in basal half of the elytra rather long and
coarse, cinereous and with only feeble traces of small brown spots, that in the
even transverse fascia at apical third apparently a little shorter, denser and
more decumbent, the apex with scattered pale hairs; dark bands clothed with
blackish hairs. Head three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, finely, densely
punctate, the impressions broad and feeble; eyes rather large, moderately
prominent; antennz somewhat short and stout, moderately incrassate, with
erect bristling setze toward tip, the tenth joint scarcely as long as wide. Pro-
thorax transverse, three-fifths wider than long, the sides evenly and feebly
arcuate and anteriorly convergent throughout, widest at basal third; apex
arcuate, the angles extremely obtuse and indefinite; disk densely, deeply and
polygonally punctato-scabrous and dull. £lytra two-thirds longer than wide,
only very slightly wider than the prothorax, parallel and nearly straight at
the sides, the apex obtusely parabolic; base transversely truncate, the humeri
right and narrowly rounded; punctures moderately coarse and close-set, finer
and less dense toward apex. Length 1.9-2.3 mm.; width 0.6-0.8 mm.

California (San Diego).
The description is taken from the male, the fifth ventral being
truncate at apex and unmodified on the disk. The female is

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 563

much larger, with relatively broader elytra and a smaller head.
The prothorax is decidedly, though broadly pedunculate at
base.

Of this interesting species I took two specimens some years
since; it is distinguishable at once from any other by the colora-
tion of the legs, opaque pronotum and uneven vestiture.

29. L. famelicus n. sp.—Elongate, narrow, convex, black, the upper
surface with a feeble subcupreous tinge, the head and pronotum opaque, the
elytra feebly shining and with faintly reticulate sculpture; legs bright red, the
tibiz near the base and tarsi slightly obscure; antennz black, the funicle
piceo-testaceous toward base; pubescence irregular, sparse and rather fine an-
teriorly, the white hairs of the elytra wide, long, lanceolate and subsquamiform,
unevenly and sparsely marmorate among the shorter slender blackish hairs to-
ward base, but forming a narrow condensed transverse fascia at apical third,
and also slightly evident toward apex; remainder of the surface clothed sparsely
with much shorter and more slender dark hairs. Head four-fifths as wide as
the prothorax, densely punctato-rugose, the eyes rather large and prominent;
impressions subobsolete; antennze somewhat thick, moderately incrassate, dis-
tinctly longer than the prothorax, the tenth joint as long as wide, the eleventh
oval and obtusely pointed as usual and nearly as long as the two preceding
combined. Prothorax moderately transverse, one-half wider than long, widest
and somewhat narrowly rounded near basal third, the sides thence rather
strongly convergent and nearly straight to the obtuse but somewhat evident
apical angles; apex very broadly arcuato-truncate, the base broadly arcuate
and scarcely pedunculate; disk very densely punctato-rugose. Scutellum quad-
rate, densely albido-pubescent. lytra three-fourths longer than wide, only
very slightly wider than the prothorax, the apex rather acutely parabolic;
humeri blunt and right; disk strongly, evenly but moderately coarsely and
closely punctate. Legs somewhat short and stout. Length 1.8 mm.; width
0°65 mm.

California (Los Angeles Co.). Mr. H. C. Fall.

The single male before me is the type of an interesting and iso-
lated species, distinguishable from any other by the coarse and
seale-like lanceolate white hairs which are distributed very un-
evenly on the elytra; the white hairs in the preceding species
are of the usual structure. The fifth ventral of the male is trun-
cate at apex but otherwise unmodified. Famelicus is the
smallest species of the genus discovered thus far.

30. L. ornatulus n. sp.—Oblong-suboval, moderately convex, polished,
black with a scarcely perceptible eeneous lustre; legs black, the tarsi scarcely
picescent; antennz black, the second joint not distinctly paler; pubescence
moderately long, dense and coarse, of normal structure, the denuded areas

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., VIII, Aug., 1895.—39

564 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

clothed with finer blackish hairs; elytra with a narrow denuded band at the
base, a broad cinereous fascia extended thence to apical two-fifths which en-
closes a complex pattern of denuded spots and lines, then a broad rhombiform
denuded fascia at apical fourth, the apex being again cinereo-pubescent. Head
two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, finely, rather sparsely punctate and ru-
gose, the wide interspaces almost smooth toward the center of the disk; im-
pressions feeble, separated at apex by a smooth impunctate spot; eyes moder-
ately large, not very prominent; antenne moderate, the tenth joint equilatero-
triangular and almost symmetrical. Prothorax three-fifths wider than long, wid-
est and rather narrowly rounded near the base, the sides strongly convergent
and nearly straight thence to the apex; disk very densely punctate, rugose and
dull under low power. Elytra but slightly more than one-half longer than
wide, nearly one-half wider than the prothorax, parallel near the base, dis-
tinctly inflated and with the sides parallel and arcuate in apical three-fourths;
apex very broadly and obtusely ogival; disk rather finely but strongly, not
very closely punctate. Length 2.0-2.25; width 0.8-1.0 mm.

Nevada (Reno).

The description relates to the female, and the male is, as usual,
smaller and narrower, parallel, not inflated behind, with a larger
head and more prominent eyes,and the prothorax only about two-
fifths wider than long; in addition, the basal denuded band of the
female elytra is less evident. The fifth ventral of the male is
broadly sinuato-truncate at apex but otherwise unmodified.

I took a good series of this species, which is not unusually vari-
able, although the tibiz and tarsi of some specimens become pale
and reddish.

DASYTELLUS ». gen.

The species of this genus are the smallest members of the tribe
Dasytini thus far discovered in North America, They are allied
to Dasytes,as here accepted, in general organization, especially in
having an impressed submarginal pronotal line delimiting a lateral
area of greater rugosity, and in the very narrow epipleurz which
gradually become subvertical and evanescent behind, but differ
in having the ungual appendages well developed and generally
fully as long as the claws. The anterior tibize are slender,
clothed rather densely with short and decumbent ashy hairs, and
are completely devoid of spinules. The antenne as a rule are
much shorter and more incrassate toward tip than in Dasytes,
and the marginal cilia of the body are very short and lie close to
the surface, being usually altogether invisible under low power.

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 565

No species with erect hairs interspersed amid the ordinary de-
cumbent pubescence are known at present.

The species are probably numerous, but only eight are here
characterized as follows :—

Body slender and generally less conspicuously pubescent.

Mestareous, thetel yin iblaCkeres acc. .ceciccssacececesdseecenescesioes 1. concinnus
Black or piceous-black throughout above.
Legs pale rufo-ferruginous throughout....................606 2. pretenuis

Legs black or piceous.
Pubescence very fine, sparse, dark cinereous and inconspicuous; body
very slender. ‘
Pubescence less short and sufficiently obvious................ 3. exilis
Pubescence exceedingly short and indistinct....4. iInconspicuus
Pubescence pale, distinct and rather dense; body less slender.
PHesvEstibUnesinereeenns. sonceascscccaccsscos coer hee ees 5. nigricornis
The vestiture coarse; smaller species..................0ee00 6. degener
Body oval or oblong-oval, densely clothed with very coarse decumbent pubes-
cence; legs dark.

Vestiture uniform and cinereous-white...............00ceeeees 7. elegantulus
Vestiture cinereous, variegated on the elytra with small uneven areas of
JOMONVINISIN acer vise te Saare once ssdenaceaaceeconeeee case token casio sactises 8. subovalis

This genus is distributed widely over the arid regions of the
southwest, and does not appear to occur at all in the true Pacific
coast fauna, where it is replaced by the larger and more diversi-
fied species of Dasytes.

1. D. concinnus n. sp.—Slender, convex, rather shining, pale rufo-
testaceous, the apex of the pronotum and base of the head slightly infuscate;
elytra and abdomen black; antennze black, pale at base, the legs pale through-
out; pubescence closely decumbent, pale luteo-cinereous, rather long and
somewhat coarse, not very dense. Head fully three-fourths as wide as the
prothorax, finely reticulate, almost invisibly and sparsely punctulate, the
frontal impressions small, apical and feeble; epistoma rather long, truncate;
labrum wider than long, circularly rounded; eyes large but not at all promi-
nent, attaining the base; antennz slender, much longer than the prothorax,
distinctly incrassate toward tip, the joints scarcely asymmetric, the penulti-
mate strongly transverse. Prothorax one-fourth wider than long, the sides
broadly and feebly rounded, a little straighter and more convergent toward
apex, the lateral edges becoming almost obsolete; apex quite distinctly nar-
rower than the base, arcuato-truncate, the base feebly arcuate; angles obtuse;
disk finely, sparsely punctate, more strongly near the sides. Elytra long,
two-thirds longer than wide, two-fifths wider than the prothorax and more
than three times as long, feebly dilated and with the sides slightly arcuate be-
hind basal third; apex obtusely subogival; punctures fine but rather strong

566 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

and somewhat close-set. Abdomen very finely and sparsely clothed with
plumbeo-cinereous pubescence. Length 1.5 mm.; width 0.55 mm.

Utah (southwestern). Mr. Weidt.

The type and only specimen known to me is a female, the fifth
ventral being rather long, strongly rounded behind, with the disk
feebly impressed in the middle near the tip. The epipleurz are
very narrow, subvertical, and become wholly obsolete long before
the apex, as usual in this and allied genera.

2. D. praetenuis n. sp.—Narrow, rather convex, strongly shining, black
with a scarcely visible bluish lustre; legs pale; antennz pale testaceous,
blackish toward apex; pubescence rather fine, sparse, decumbent, cinereous,
distinct but not conspicuous and without trace of erect hairs or bristling fimbrie.
Head fully four-fifths as wide as the prothorax, flat, feebly reticulate, the
punctures not distinct; frontal impressions small, feeble and widely separated ;
epistoma rather long, pale; labrum pale, long, strongly rounded; eyes mod-
erately large, convex and prominent; antennze much longer than the protho-
rax, slender, distinctly incrassate toward tip, the penultimate joints strongly
transverse and rather compactly joined. Prothorax two-fifths wider than long,
the sides just visibly convergent, evenly and moderately arcuate from base to
apex, the angles all obtuse and somewhat rounded though evident; apex feebly
arcuato-truncate, very slightly narrower than the base which is only a little
more arcuate; disk obsoletely reticulate, finely and sparsely punctate, rugose
at the sides, the sublateral impressed line distinct. Elytra two-thirds longer
than wide, two-fifths wider than the prothorax, parallel, the sides feebly arcu-
ate except toward base; apex evenly rounded; disk finely but very distinctly
punctate, the punctures rather close-set and feebly asperulate, the interspaces
smooth and polished. Under surface very sparsely and inconspicuously pu-
bescent. Length 1.5 mm.; width 0.5 mm.

Arizona. Mr. Wickham.

My single representative of this species is a female, the fifth
ventral being evenly but broadly rounded behind and apparently
very slightly impressed on the disk at apex; the genital segment
is smooth, broadly and evenly arcuate at apex, with the disk
transversely impressed and not in the least canaliculate along the
middle. The ungual appendages are well developed and fully as
long as the claws, to which they are attached nearly throughout.
This and the preceding are the smallest dasytide forms known
to me.

3. D. exilis n. sp.—Narrow, rather convex, polished, black; femora
black, the tibize and tarsi piceo-rufous; antennze piceo-rufous, black toward tip;
pubescence fine, rather short, sparse, closely decumbent, even, dark cinereous,
not at all conspicuous but distinct, the marginal cilia not evident; erect sete

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 567

completely wanting. Head three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, slightly
convex, wider than long, feebly and coarsely reticulate, the punctures exceed-
ingly minute and sparse; impressions nearly obsolete; epistoma very short;
labrum small, strongly rounded; eyes rather small, moderately prominent;
antenn short, slightly longer than the prothorax, incrassate toward tip, the
last three joints especially wider, penultimate transverse, fifth very feebly
dilated. Prothorax three-fifths wider than long, the sides strongly rounded
toward base, strongly convergent and nearly straight toward apex, the basal
angles very obtuse but not completely obliterated, the apical blunt; apex much
narrower than the base, the latter broadly arcuate; disk feebly reticulate,
finely and sparsely punctate, more coarsely but not strongly reticulato-rugose
toward the sides, the impressed submarginal line distinct toward base. Elytra
three-fifths longer than wide, two-fifths wider than the prothorax, convex,
parallel, feebly dilated and with the sides slightly arcuate except toward base;
apex rather strongly rounded; sutural angles obtuse, the apical edge finely
serrulate and just visibly subexplanate; punctures fine but strong and not
dense, the interspaces polished. Abdomen sparsely but distinctly cinereo-
pubescent. Length 1.5-1.75 mm.; width 0.6-0.75 mm.

Arizona.

The description is drawn from the female, that sex having the
fifth ventral much longer than the fourth. triangular, with the
apex narrowly subtruncate; the male is more slender, with the
head four-fifths as wide as the prothorax, the sides of the latter
parallel and broadly arcuate, and the fifth ventral broadly trape-
zoidal and feebly flattened toward the apex, which is broadly
arcuato-truncate. Numerous specimens.

4. D. inconspicuus n. sp.—Narrow, subcuneiform, moderately convex,
polished, black, the elytra just perceptibly picescent; femora black, the tibize
and tarsi piceo-rufous; antennz black, the funicle slightly piceous toward base,
the second joint pale; pubescence very short, sparse, closely decumbent, dark
brownish-cinereous in color and scarcely obvious under low power; erect sete
wanting, the marginal cilia scarcely at all visible. Head three-fourths as wide
as the prothorax, wider than long, feebly convex, rather strongly but coarsely
reticulate, the punctures not distinct; frontal impressions subobsolete; epi-
stoma moderate in length, the labrum strongly rounded; eyes rather small,
slightly prominent; antennz short though distinctly longer than the prothorax,
feebly and evenly incrassate toward tip, the penultimate joints transverse.
Prothorax two-thirds wider than long, the sides somewhat strongly rounded
toward base, convergent and straight or very feebly sinuate toward apex; apex
and base equally and feebly arcuato-truncate, the former slightly the narrower;
apical angles obtuse but distinct, the basal very broadly obtuse and obliter-
ated; disk feebly reticulate, finely and sparsely punctate, the submarginal
impressed line distinct toward base, the surface thence to the lateral edges a
little more reticulato-rugose. Elytra barely three-fifths longer than wide, one-

568 Coleopterological Notices, V1.

half wider than the prothorax, gradually wider with the sides nearly straight
to apical third, almost semi-circularly rounded behind; punctures fine but
strong, even and moderately close-set. Abdomen very sparsely and incon-
spicuously clothed with plumbeo-cinereous hairs. Length 1.5-1.7 mm.; width
0.6-0.7 mm.

Southern California. Mr. H.C. Fall.

This species is evidently rather closely related to the last, but
it differs in vestiture, in its more posteriorly broadened form, in
its longer epistoma, and in the less narrowly truncate subtrian-
gular fifth ventral of the female. The description is drawn from
that sex for facility of comparison, but the male differs scarcely
at all, having the elytra very slightly shorter and the apex of the
fifth ventral broadly arcuato-truncate. In both of these species the
ungual appendage is fully developed and as long as the claws.
Four specimens.

5. D. nigricornis Bland—Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., 1864, p. 254 (Pristo-
scelis); Lec.: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1866, p. 358 (Dolichosoma).

Narrow, strongly convex, subparallel, strongly shining though
feebly reticulate throughout, densely so on the head, black, the
legs piceous-black ; antenne black throughout; pubescence mod-
erate in length, cinereous, sparse, moderately fine and distinct,
decumbent and without trace of erect sete. Head rather more
than three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, much wider than
long, very minutely, sparsely punctate, the epistoma short and
with a polished black margin; labrum dark, transverse, strongly
rounded; eyes small and not very prominent; antennze short
though one-third longer than the prothorax, strongly incrassate
toward tip, the penultimate joints transverse. Prothorax two-
thirds wider than long, the sides broadly arcuate, more conver-
gent and straighter toward apex; angles all obtuse; apex and
base feebly arcuato-truncate, the former scarcely perceptibly nar-
rower; disk finely and sparsely punctate, the submarginal im-
pressed line distinct particularly toward base, the sculpture
slightly rugose near the sides. Elytra three-fifths longer than
wide, scarcely two-fifths wider than the prothorax, the sides
parallel and scarcely arcuate, becoming oblique and feeble arcu-
ate toward apex, the latter very narrow and obtuse; disk finely
but strongly, rather closely punctate. Length 1.75-1.9 mm.;
width 0.8—0.85 mm.

Kansas, Nebraska and Texas (Austin). The female described

-

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 569

above has the fifth ventral evenly and strongly arcuate at apex.
The single specimen from Austin, which I regard as the male,
has the elytra relatively shorter and broader, with the fifth ven-
tral somewhat narrowly truncate at tip.

It is singular that Dr. IeConte should have failed to observe
the strong affinity of this species with those which he placed in
Dasytes ; there is absolutely no single point of resemblance with
Dolichosoma foveicollis, with which it was associated by that
author.

6. D. degener n. sp.—Elongate, suboval, convex, polished, black, the
elytra more or less paler and piceous; femora piceous-black, the trochanters,
tips of the femora, tibize and tarsi piceo-rufous; antennze dark piceous, slightly
paler toward tip; pubescence coarse, cinereous, decumbent and distinct but
sparse. Head three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, transverse, feebly con-
vex, strongly reticulate and obsoletely punctulate, the frontal impressions
feeble and widely separated; epistoma short, the labrum small, transverse and
strongly rounded, the mandibles and labrum somewhat pale in color; eyes
small but rather prominent; antennz short and slender, distinctly longer
than the prothorax, the outer joints wider, the penultimate transverse. Pro-
thorax three-fourths wider than long, the sides strongly rounded at the base,
thence convergent and nearly straight to the apex, the latter narrower than
the base which is broadly arcuate; angles obtuse and blunt; disk finely and
sparsely punctate, feebly reticulato-rugose near the sides, the submarginal
line normal. Elytra rather short, not quite three-fifths longer than wide,
scarcely two-fifths wider than the prothorax, the sides parallel; apex some-
what obtusely ogival; punctures fine but strong, moderately close, the inter-
spaces polished. Under surface deep black and sparsely pubescent through-
out. Length 1.5 mm.; width 0.75 mm.

Arizona (Benson). Mr. Dunn.

The type above described seems to be a female, the male hav-
ing the sides of the prothorax broadly arcuate throughout and
nearly parallel, with the fifth ventral broadly and feebly arcuato-
truncate at tip. There is some variability displayed in the six
specimens before me, the upper surface being deep black through-
out in some, and, in one example, the prothorax becomes twice as
wide as long and almost fully as wide as the elytra; but I believe
that this specimen may possibly represent a closely allied though
distinct specific form. The specimens are all in rather poor
condition.

7. D. elegantulus n. sp.—Stout, suboval, strongly convex, moderately
shining, black, the legsand antennie black throughout; pubescence moderately
long, closely decumbent, coarse, cinereous-white, dense, even and very con-

570 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

spicuous, without trace of erect hairs. Head two-thirds as wide as the pro-
thorax, strongly reticulate, smooth near the apex, obsoletely punctulate; epi-
stoma short, the labrum small and transverse, strongly rounded, piceous-black;
mandibles stout, pale testaceous throughout except at the tip; eyes small and
rather prominent; antennz short, slender, much longer than the prothorax,
gradually and sensibly incrassate toward tip, the penultimate joints trans-
verse, fifth not noticeably dilated. Prothorax three-fifths wider than long, the
sides strongly rounded at the base, thence distinctly convergent, gradually be-
coming almost straight to the apex, which is arcuato-truneate and narrower
than the base, the latter broadly arcuate; angles obtuse; disk obsoletely retic-
ulate, more strongly rugulose toward the sides, minutely and sparsely punc-
tate, the submarginal line distinct. /ytra one-half longer than wide, three-
fifths wider than the prothorax, the sides parallel and feebly arcuate; apex
subparabolic; disk finely but strongly, densely punctate. Under surface dis-
tinctly but only moderately densely cinereo-pubescent, the legs slender.
Length 1.65-1.8 mm. ; width 0.75-0.85 mm.

Arizona (near the Canon of the Colorado).

The female is described above and this sex has the sides of the
fifth ventral convergent, the apex being narrowly arcuato-trun-
cate. The male is larger than the female and has the prothorax
less transverse, with the sides arcuate and only slightly conver-
gent, the apex of the fifth ventral only a little more broadly trun-
cate than in the female. Five specimens recently taken by Dr.
T. Mitchell Prudden.

8. D. subovalis n. sp.—Stout, oblong, suboval, convex, black, the legs
slightly piceous; antennze black; pubescence coarse, dense, closely decumbent
and very conspicuous, cinereous-white, with small, widely and unevenly dis-
persed spots in which the hairs become dark brown in color though otherwise
not different; erect hairs wanting. Head rather more than two-thirds as wide
as the prothorax, transverse, reticulate, scarcely visibly punctate, the impres-
sions obsolete; epistoma short, the labrum short and strongly rounded, both
rufo-piceous; mandibles pale; eyes small and rather prominent, basal; an-
tennze short, slender, distinctly incrassate toward tip, very much longer than
the prothorax, the penultimate joints transverse. Prothorax short and broad,
five-sixths wider than long, the sides rounded at the base, convergent and
straighter thence to the apex, the latter much narrower than the base, both
feebly arcuate; angles obtuse; punctures very small, sparse, the surface more
rugose laterally with the submarginal line distinct. Elytra short, scarcely
one-half longer than wide, not quite one-third wider than the prothorax, the
sides parallel, feebly arcuate except near the base; apex not very broadly and
almost circularly rounded; disk finely and moderately closely punctate.
Under surface shining, thinly and not very conspicuously cinereo-pubescent.
Length 1.45-1.55 mm.; width 0.6-0.7 mm.

Arizona; Texas.

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 5 TL

The sex of the type is not clearly determinable, but the two
specimens from Arizona are mutually similar and are more prob-
ably male than female. The single example from Texas seems to
belong to the species, although the elytra are relatively larger
and more élongate, and the size distinctly larger; it is not in-
cluded in the measures,

DASYTES Fabr.

This name, as applied to the American representatives, will in-
clude those species of the tribe Dasytini which have the anterior
tibiz slender and devoid of spinules, the ungual appendages equal
but very short or rudimentary, and the pronotum with a roughly
sculptured and abruptly limited marginal area. The epipleurz
are even less developed than in Trichochrous, being moderately
wide with their plane inclined upward at base, rapidly assuming
the form of a mere fine line very near the elytral margin on the
vertical flanks and disappearing completely far in front of the
apex. The head is much shorter, the eyes smaller and the an-
tenne longer and more filiform than in that genus, and the frontal
impressions are generally feeble or obsolete. The erect hairs in-
terspersed among the ordinary pubescence are present in some
species and altogether absent in others, proving still further that
this character is not of generic value in Trichochrous.

The species are somewhat numerous and those known to me
may be outlined as follows :—

Submarginal line of the pronotum strong, impressed and entire; body gener-

allye MOLE \GUMEMOLMsn.ce seein sete cosas 0's cslden sei ss acdideale totielos ciieelsiscle dees close na sine’ 2

Submarginal line feeble, frequently only evident as an abrupt division be-
tween the smooth and rugose portions of the surface.

2—Pubescence distinctly intermingled with longer erect black hairs.
Elytral vestiture blackish throughout; thoracic sculpture rather dense.
1. hudsonicus
Elytral vestiture cinereous throughout, except the longer erect hairs which

are black; thoracic punctures Sparse..............scessseseeseeeeeee 2. obtusus
Elytral vestiture cinereous but becoming dark and inconspicuous behind
the middle; elytra broad and depressed...................s008 3. expansus

Pubescence not intermingled with longer erect hairs.
Legs black thoughout; elytral vestiture blackish and inconspicuous.
4. nitens

or

72 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

Legs bicolored, the femora black.
Elytral pubescence blackish and inconspicuous but becoming ashy to-

Ward! DaS@.22 iiss sbcse nua cbacecem sree sees aaa ulwenecemtincaing 5. breviusculus
Elytral pubescence pale cinereous throughout, even but rather sparse;
body: “more “elongates. 7 ca sccesosceco. 2 oeectecnesucuaseenees 6. dissimilis

3—Elytral vestiture uniform in distribution, cinereous and distinct but not
very dense or coarse.
Legs black or blackish in color.

Larger species, the head smaller; elytral vestiture consisting of shorter
and longer hairs which are confusedly intermingled..7. fastidiosus

Smaller and narrower, the head almost as wide as the prothorax; vesti-
bureveventand Wess (densere-cascscsee-<s-< 20sec canaries eaeoseere tiene 8. macer

Legs bicolored, pale rufous, the femora black.

Prothorax moderately transverse; elytra with very short and sparse
erect hairs, intermingled throughout with the more decumbent pubes-
CONGO Sisc ire issis sie so waindosececmeeee tov ds ccltenientee besmosmectecaeeseotesess 9. cruralis

Prothorax twice as wide as long, the erect hairs of the elytra extremely
short and indistinct, only visible toward apex...... 10. depressulus

Legs pale rufo-ferruginous throughout, the posterior femora occasionally
slightly darker.

Prothorax much narrower than the base of the elytra...... 11. pusillus

Prothorax equal in width to the base of the elytra......... 12. minutus
Elytral vestiture uneven in distribution, the pale hairs forming a broad me-
dianvandtapical: fascia x.a.:-s2 execteneseeeesesee se aceeece eee 13. seminudus
4—Body stout, convex, very densely clothed with coarse and decumbent pale
pubescence, without trace of erect setee................-.-2e0 14. lineellus

The American species of Dasytes inhabit the true Pacific coast
faunal regions almost exclusively, the few forms known from the
Rocky Mountains having probably descended from the north, in
conformity with well known laws of distribution.

1. D. hudsonicus Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1866, p. 360.

Stout, oblong, moderately convex, shining, deep black through-
out, the legs and antennz not at all paler; pubescence of the pro-
notum short, sparse, subcinereous and intermixed with consider-
ably longer stiff erect black hairs, of the elytra black, suberect
and moderately dense throughout, with a large proportion of the
hairs a little longer and more erect, especially toward the sides.
Head transverse, three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, feebly
rugulose, finely but strongly and somewhat closely punctate, the
front broadly impressed; eyes moderate; antenne slender, fili-
form, about as long as the head and prothorax, the penultimate
joints fully as long as wide, the eleventh elliptical and nearly
twice as long as wide. Prothorax twice as wide as long, widest

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 573

just behind the middle, where the sides are rather strongly rounded,
thence feebly convergent and nearly straight to the basal angles,
which are obtuse but not rounded, and strongly convergent and
distinctly sinuate to the apical angles, which are obtuse but only
slightly blunt; apex arcuato-truncate, much narrower than the base,
which is broadly and rather feebly arcuate; disk minutely and feebly
rugulose, very coarsely and deeply reto-rugose near the sides, finelv
and somewhat closely punctate; side margins slightly serrulate.
Elytra large, three-fifths longer than wide, about one-third wider
than the prothorax, slightly wider at apical third than at base
and with the sides slightly arcuate; apex obtusely parabolic ;
punctures fine, subrugose and rather close-set, the interspaces
shining. Abdomen minutely and densely punctulate, sparsely
luteo-pubescent. Length 3.7 mm.; width 1.5 mm.

Hudson Bay Territory, Colorado and Arizona. The descrip-
tion is drawn from a male taken in the alpine regions of Colorado,
and the two similar specimens before me from “ Arizona,’ prob-
ably inhabited the high mountain lands if the labels are correct.
The allusion to cinereous hairs in the description of LeConte is
erroneous as far as the elytra are concerned.

The ungual appendages are thick and subglobular, unusually
developed for this genus, but seem to be attached in rather less
than basal half of the claws.

2. D. obtusus n. sp.—Oblong, stout, rather strongly convex, polished,
black; femora black, the tibize and tarsi in great part dark piceo-rufous; an-
tenn piceous, gradually testaceous toward base, the first joint again a little
darker; pubescence short, sparse, cinereous, intermixed throughout with rather
numerous and moderately long erect black hairs, which bristle irregularly also
along the side margins. Head strongly transverse, fully three-fourths as wide
as the prothorax, feebly and very remotely biimpressed at apex, finely but
strongly punctate, densely so toward the sides, the interspaces smooth and
polished; epistoma short, truncate, pale and coriaceous; labrum deflexed,
large, transverse and truncate; eyes moderate in size, rather prominent; an-
tenn long and slender, filiform, nearly as long as the head and prothorax,
the joints slightly elongate, the eleventh elongate and gradually pointed. Pro-
thorax four-fifths wider than long, the sides evenly and strongly arcuate
throughout, slightly more convergent toward apex; all the angles obtuse and
slightly blunt; apex a little narrower than the base, both feebly arcuato-
truncate; edges finely serrulate; disk smooth and polished, finely and sparsely
punctate, becoming abruptly coarsely and deeply reto-rugose near the sides.
Elytra short, scarcely two-fifths longer than wide, one-third wider than the
prothorax, feebly arcuate at the sides and scarcely visibly wider behind the

574 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

middle than at base, the apex very obtusely parabolic, the edge not at all
serrulate; disk finely, sparsely and but slightly rugosely punctate, the inter-
spaces smooth and polished. Under surface clothed sparsely with short cine-
reous hairs. Length 3.0 mm.; width 1.4 mm.

Colorado.

The male serving as the type has the fifth ventral short and
very broadly sinuato-truncate, the genital segment short, flat,
apparently not at all canaliculate along the middle and feebly
sinuato-truncate at tip; the dorsal pygidium has the lower edge
thin and not dilated into a flat plate as in Trichochrous. The
ungual appendages are short and basal.

3. D. expansus n. sp.—Stout, subcuneiform and depressed, polished,
black, with a feeble coppery lustre anteriorly; legs black, the tarsi picescent,
the apex of the femora and base of the tibize slightly rufescent; antennze black
throughout; pubescence rather short and sparse, semi-erect, cinereous but be-
coming blackish behind the middle of the elytra, mingled with short erect
and blackish sete especially toward the sides of the body. Head fully three-
fourths as wide as the prothorax, slightly transverse, strongly and closely
punctate, the punctures slightly elongate, the interspaces smooth and polished ;
front feebly and remotely biimpressed, the frontal margin broadly smooth
and slightly convex; epistoma rather long, the labrum not deflexed, broadly
arcuato-truncate at apex; eyes rather prominent; antennz slender and filiform,
the penultimate joints fully as long as wide. Prothorax widest at basal two-
fifths where the sides are broadly rounded, thence becoming convergent and
just visibly arcuate to apex and base, the former arcuato-truncate and slightly
narrower than the base, which is more arcuate; basal angles obtuse but not
rounded and minutely prominent; apical angles obtuse and blunt; edges finely
subserrulate; disk smooth and polished, strongly convex, finely but strongly
and rather closely punctate, strongly rugose near the sides. Elytra short,
scarcely more than one-third longer than wide, at apical third much wider
than at base and nearly one-half wider than the prothorax; sides arcuate, the
apex obtuse and broadly rounded, the sutural angles rounded; disk nearly flat,
rather coarsely and closely punctate, the interspaces strongly shining. Under
surface very feebly convex and sparsely pubescent. Length 2.6 mm.; width
1.3 mm.

California (north of San Francisco).

The unique type is apparantly a female, but the species may be
readily known by its depressed, cuneate form and by the charac-
teristics of vestiture detailed in the description. It differs from
breviusculus in its dense pronotal punctures and in the coloration
of the antenne and legs.

4. D. nitenms n. sp.—Subcuneiform, strongly convex, polished, deep
black with a faint greenish-metallic lustre; legs and antennz deep black

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 575

throughout, pubescence rather long and sparse, even, suberect, blackish and not
conspicuous, slightly cinereous toward the base of the elytra externally; mar-
ginal cilia very short but fimbriform, black. Head very short and strongly
transverse, three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, finely and sparsely punctate
and feebly subrugose, the apical margin slightly tumid transversely; epistoma
short, with a thin, smooth margin, the labrum strongly transverse and broadly
rounded; eyes rather small and convex, basal; antennze long, slender, filiform,
longer than the head and prothorax, the joints slightly elongate, the eleventh
very strongly so and gradually pointed. Prothorax three-fourths wider than
long, the sides parallel and broadly arcuate, becoming convergent and straight
or feebly sinuate in about apical half, minutely sinuate jyst before the basal
angles which are distinct; apical angles obtuse; apex and base feebly and
equally arcuate, the former much the narrower; edges feebly serrulate; disk
polished, finely and remotely punctulate, the submarginal line distinct
throughout and feebly sigmoid, the surface coarsely and deeply reto-rugose at
the sides. Elytra three-fifths longer than wide, one-half wider than the pro-
thorax, feebly dilated behind with the sides arcuate; apex semi-circular; disk
rather finely but strongly, sparsely and subrugosely punctate, the interspaces
polished. Abdomen thinly clothed with fine plumbeo-cinereous pubescence.
Length 2.2-3.2 mm.; width 0.9-1.35 mm.

California (Marin and Sonoma Cos.).

The female is described above, the fifth ventral being subcon-
ical with the apex subtruncate. The male is smaller and nar-
rower, parallel, with the fifth ventral more broadly arcuato-truncate
and the antenne still longer and also thicker. This species is
allied to breviusculus, but differs in its larger size, coloration of
the legs and antennze and in the more elongate elytra. Many
specimens.

5. D. breviusculus Motsch.—Bull. Mose., 1859, ii, p. 396.

Stout, convex, cuneiform, polished, black with a very feeble
subzeneous lustre anteriorly ; femora black, the trochanters, tibiz
and tarsi red; antennz black, the funicle pale at base, the first
joint blackish; pubescence short, fine and sparse, blackish in color
and inconspicuous, becoming pale luteo-cinereous on the head,
near the basal angles of the prothorax, and toward the base and
at the apex of the elytra; erect hairs wholly wanting. Head
four-fifths as wide as the prothorax, obsoletely reticulate, finely
and sparsely punctate, the impressions widely separated and
almost obsolete; mandibles pale; antennz rather longer than the
head and prothorax, slender and filiform, the penultimate joints
fully as long as wide. Prothorax two-thirds wider than long;
the sides rounded at basal third, thence distinctly convergent

576 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

and nearly straight toward apex and base, the former arcuato-
truncate and narrower than the more arcuate base; basal angles
obtuse but distinct and not rounded, the apical obtuse and
rounded; lateral edges finely serrulate ; disk polished and convex,
minutely and remotely punctate, coarsely reto-rugose near the
sides. Elytra two-fifths longer than wide, at posterior third much
wider than at base and one-half wider than the prothorax with the
sides arcuate ; apex semi-circular; disk convex, finely and sparsely
punctate, the punctures becoming feeble toward apex. Length
2.3 mm.; width 1.1 mm.

California. The single specimen, which I took in the coast
region north of San Francisco, is a female, and the fifth ventral
is broadly rounded and feebly impressed in the middle at the
apical margin; the genital segment is large, slightly deflexed,
broadly angulate at apex and is feebly impressed at the middle
of the disk. There can be scarcely any doubt at all that this is
the species of Motschulsky, as it agrees with his description in
every essential feature; the species identified by LeConte under
the name breviusculus, is however quite a different thing, which
IT am unable to place in the absence of the type, but which may
possibly be the nitens described above.

6. D. dissimilis n. sp.—Elongate, convex, polished, black with a feeble
greenish-zeneous lustre; legs rufous, the femora black except at apex; antennze
blackish, the second and some of the following joints less distinctly, pale;
pubescence suberect, moderately long, cinereous, rather sparse and even, a
few hairs toward the elytral sides and apex slightly longer than the others but
not more erect. Head very nearly as wide as the prothorax, smooth and bur-
nished, minutely and remotely punctulate, the frontal impressions widely
separated, apical and pronounced; epistoma short, the labrum broadly rounded;
mandibles black; eyes prominent; antennz slender, filiform distinctly longer
than the head and prothorax, all the joints longer than wide, the eleventh
about as long as the two preceding. Prothorax fully one-half wider than long;
sides rounded behind the middle, thence feebly convergent and somewhat sin-
uate to the apex, feebly convergent and nearly straight to the base, the basal
angles obtuse but distinct, the apical but slightly obtuse; apex and base sub-
equal; disk very obsoletely reticulate, polished, minutely and remotely punc-
tate, coarsely reto-rugose near the sides. Elytra fully three-fifths longer than
wide, but very slightly wider near apical third than at base and about one-
half wider than the prothorax; sides feebly arcuate posteriorly, the apex
broadly parabolic, finely but distantly serrulate, the sutural angles not dis-
tinetly rounded; disk rather coarsely; subrugosely and sparsely punctate, the
interspaces polished. Under surface very sparsely pubeszent. Length 2.5 mm. ;
width 1.0 mm.

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 5 TT

Southern California. Mr. H.C Fall.

The female described above has the fifth ventral rounded be-
hind, the apex subtruncate in the middle, the genital segment
being perfectly flat and even and strongly, evenly rounded at the
apex. In general form and vestiture this species more nearly
resembles macer, of the next group, than any member of the
breviusculus section of the genus, but differs in its coarser and
sparser elytral punctures and bicolored legs.

7. D. fastidiosus n. sp.—Elongate and subparallel, rather depressed,
shining, black with a feeble zeneous lustre; legs blackish, the anterior and
intermediate tibiz slightly rufescent especially toward base; antennz black;
pubescence rather long, suberect, cinereous, moderately dense, intermingled
with stiff sparse erect black setze anteriorly, which become pale, abundant and
scarcely distinguishable from the ordinary pubescence on the elytra. Head
about two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, transverse, polished, the punctures
strong, rather close and slightly unequal in size; frontal impressions very
feeble; epistoma rather long, the labrum broadly rounded; eyes prominent;
antenne subfiliform, not quite as long as the prothorax, the penultimate
joints slightly wider than long. Prothorax fully two-thirds wider than long,
the sides rounded, a little more convergent anteriorly, feebly serrulate; basal
angles obtuse but not rounded, minutely prominent and slightly reflexed;
disk polished, finely but strongly, rather closely punctured, broadly rugose
near the sides. £lytra a little more than one-half longer than wide, one-third
wider than the prothorax, the sides feebly arcuate and just visibly dilated
behind; apex broadly and evenly rounded; disk finely but strongly and
rather densely punctured. Abdomen minutely and closely punctulate, sparsely
pubescent. Length 2.9 mm.; width 1.15 mm.

California.

This species is distinct in having the scattered erect setz quite
well developed anteriorly but subobsolete on the elytra; it is de-
scribed from a female from an unrecorded part of the State, and
is apparently unique.

8. D. macer n. sp.—Parallel, rather narrow, moderately convex, pol-
ished, black, the legs and antennz black throughout; pubescence cinereous,
moderately dense and somewhat short, not very coarse, suberect and inter-
mixed toward the sides with a few erect black sete on the pronotum, subde-
cumbent, even and without erect hairs on the elytra. Head but slightly wider
than long, only a little narrower than the prothorax, polished and smooth
throughout, minutely and sparsely punctate, the impressions very feeble;
epistoma and labrum moderately elongate, the latter arcuato-truncate at apex;
eyes rather small and prominent; antennze long and thick but filiform and
loose, nearly two-fifths as long as the body and much longer than the head and
prothorax, the joints rounded. Prothorax nearly three-fifths wider than long,

578 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

the sides minutely serrulate, feebly convergent and very slightly arcuate from
the broadly rounded and apparently obliterated basal angles to the apex, the
apical angles but shghtly obtuse; apex quite distinctly narrower than the
base, both feebly arcuate; disk smooth, minutely and remotely punctate, ab-
ruptly rugose near the sides. Elytra parallel, three-fifths longer than wide,
not quite one-third wider than the prothorax, the sides nearly straight; apex
evenly but obtusely rounded; disk finely but strongly and closely punctate,
the interspaces shining. Under surface finely and sparsely pubescent. Length
2.25 mm.; width 0.8 mm.

Southern California.

The fifth ventral segment in the unique male type is broadly
arcuato-truncate at apex, and the genital segment has a broad
median impression and the apex broadly rounded.

9. D. cruralis Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1866, p. 355 ( Pris-
toscelis ).

Oblong, parallel, feebly convex, polished, black; legs red with
the femora black; antenne black throughout; pubescence short,
rather dense, cinereous, intermixed anteriorly with sparse erect
blackish hairs, and, on the elytra, with extremely short erect cine-
reous sete. Head four-fifths as wide as the prothorax, flat,
smooth, strongly and closely punctate, the impressions subob-
solete; frontal margin broadly tumid and impunctate; epistoma
very short and broad, the labrum moderate, broadly rounded at
apex ; eyes small and prominent; antennz long, filiform, as long
as the head and prothorax, the joints rounded, the tenth slightly
wider than long, the eleventh longer than the two preceding and
a little wider, gradually pointed in apical two-thirds. Prothorax
three-fifths wider than long, the sides subparallel and rather
strongly, evenly rounded throughout, the edges minutely ser-
rulate; basal angles broadly rounded and obsolete; apex just
visibly narrower than the base, both very feebly arcuate; disk
finely but strongly, rather closely punctate, abruptly and coarsely
reto-rugose at the sides, the line of demarcation not impressed.
Elytra one-half longer than wide, less than one-third wider than
the prothorax, parallel and neariy straight at the sides, evenly
rounded in apical third, the punctures fine but somewhat strong
and close-set. Length 2.2-2.4 mm.; width 0.85-1.05 mm.

California and Oregon. This species is common in the coast
regions of northern California, and the specimen described above
is a male, with the apex of the fifth ventral broadly truncate and

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 579

apparently very broadly and feebly bisinuate. The head in the
female is relatively but little smaller, but the prothorax is some-
what more narrowed toward apex and the elytra just perceptibly
and gradually wider behind. The ungual appendages are very
short and rudimentary, and the anterior tibiz completely devoid
of spinules. I have before me a large series agreeing in every
respect with the original type of LeConte.

10. D. depressulus n. sp.—Ovoidal, feebly convex, shining, black; legs
rufo-ferruginous, the hind thighs, except at tip, black, the anterior and inter-
mediate piceous-black; antennee black throughout; labrum, mandibles and
apex of the epistoma pale piceo-rufous; pubescence cinereous, rather short,
moderately dense, intermingled with a few erect black sete anteriorly and with
more numerous, very short and scarcely distinct erect pale hairs on the elytra.
Head rather small, three-fifths as wide as the prothorax, strongly and closely
punctate and slightly rugose, the impressions nearly obsolete; labrum feebly
arcuate at apex; eyes moderately small, convex; antennz long, filiform, the
joints rounded. Prothorax twice as wide as long, the sides parallel, distinctly
and almost evenly arcuate, the edges feebly and finely crenulate; basal angles
obtuse but not rounded, the apical feebly obtuse and not very blunt; apex
and base subequal, feebly and almost equally arcuate; disk finely and some-
what closely punctate, rugose in a wide and feebly delimited lateral area.
Elytra one-half longer than wide, quite distinctly wider at apical two-fifths
than at base and about two-fifths wider than the prothorax; apex almost semi-
circular; disk finely, evenly and rather closely punctured. Under surface
finely and somewhat sparsely luteo-pubescent. Length 2.6 mm.; width 1.25
mm.

' Nevada.

A moderately large species, readily recognizable by the sub-
depressed form, small head, very transverse prothorax and colora-
tion of the legs. It is represented in my cabinet by a single
female type.

11. D. pusillus Lee.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., VI, p. 170; 1. ¢.,
1866, p. 360.

Suboval, rather narrow and convex, the head and pronotum
smooth and polished, the elytra very obsoletely reticulate ; body
piceous-black, the legs rufo-ferruginous; antennz blackish-pice-
ous, scarcely paler toward base; pubescence moderately long,
coarse and dense, closely decumbent, fulvo-cinereous in color and
without trace of intermixed erect hairs. Head three-fourths as
wide as the prothorax, minutely and sparsely punctate; antennez
only moderate in length though subequal to the head and pro-

ANNALS N. Y. AcAD. Scr., VIII, Aug., 1895.—40

580 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

thorax, slender and filiform, the penultimate joints slightly wider
than long. Prothorax three-fourths wider than long, the sides
distinctly convergent and broadly, almost evenly arcuate from
base to apex, the edges finely serrulate; basal angles broadly
rounded and apparently obsolete, the apical obtuse; apex sub-
truncate, much narrower than the base which is distinctly arcu-
ate; disk minutely and sparsely punctate, moderately scabrous
rather narrowly along the sides, the rugose area abrupt but not
limited by an impressed line. Elytra one-half longer than wide,
near apical third slightly wider than at base and about three-fifths
wider than the prothorax, the sides nearly straight; apex obtusely
parabolic and very indistinctly aud minutely serrulate; punc-
tures fine, feebly rugose and somewhat close-set. Length 2.0
mm.; width 0.85 mm.

California (San Diego). The description is drawn from a speci-
men which has the apex of the fifth ventral broadly truncate and
therefore most probably male, but the antennz are shorter, the
head smaller and the sides of the prothorax more convergent
than usual in the corresponding sex of allied species.

12. D. minutus n. sp.—Narrow, subcylindrical, rather strongly con-
vex, the anterior parts smooth and highly polished, the elytra very obsoletely
subreticulate but polished; body piceous-black, the elytra and abdomen
slightly paler; legs pale testaceous; antennze black, the first Joint piceo- the
second flavo-testaceous; palpi black, the mandibles very pale, blackish at the
acute apex; pubescence short, cinereous-white, moderately dense, not at all
intermixed with erect hairs. Head three-fourths as wide as the prothorax,
slightly transverse, minutely and not very closely punctate, the punctures
slightly burred toward base; impressions widely separated and feeble; epi-
stoma abruptly thinned and depressed at apex, short and black, the labrum
small, broadly rounded; eyes small; antennz rather short, slender, not as
long as the head and prothorax, the penultimate joint apparently somewhat
transverse. Prothorax large, fully three-fourths wider than long, the sides
strongly convergent and feebly, almost evenly arcuate from the broadly
rounded and obsolete basal angles to the apex, the latter feebly arcuate,
much narrower than the base, which is strongly and evenly arcuate through-
out; disk finely, sparsely punctate, coarsely rugose in an unusually narrow
marginal area, which is abrupt though feebly delimited. lytra one-half
Jonger than wide, subequal in width to the prothorax, just visibly wider near
apical third, the apex obtuse; disk finely, feebly and not very closely punc-
tate. Abdomen finely pubescent, the legs slender; ungual appendages about
one-half as long as the claws. Length 1.6 mm.; width 0.65 mm.

California.

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 581

The single type before me is undoubtedly a male, and the fifth
ventral is broadly truncate at apex. This distinct species recalls
some of the small anobiides in general outline; it probably in-
habits the southern parts of the State.

13. D. seminudus Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1866, p. 360.

Oblong, rather stout, feebly convex, the integuments smooth
and highly polished, black, the legs rufo-ferruginous; antennz
blackish, pale toward base, the first joint darker; pubescence
rather short, even, moderately dense, without trace of intermingled
erect hairs, cinereous on the elytra at the basal margin and thence
posteriorly along the suture to the broad submedian fascia. the
apex also cinereous. Head rather small, transverse, two-thirds as
wide as the prothorax, finely and moderately closely punctate, the
the eyes prominent; epistoma abruptly depressed along the apex,
the labrum very transverse; mandibles in great part pale; an-
tenne long and slender. Prothorax nearly three-fourths wider
than long, the sides subparallel, strongly and almost evenly arcu-
ate; basal angles very obtuse but not obliterated ; marginal fringe
dense, even and distinct; disk finely and somewhat closely punc-
tate, a wide lateral area rugose and abruptly delimited but with-
out an impressed line. Elytra short, scarcely one-half longer
than wide, barely one-third wider than the prothorax, subparallel
and straight at the sides, the apex broadly rounded; disk finely
and rather sparsely punctate, more strongly so toward base.
Length 2.7 mm.; width 1.15 mm.

California. The example above described has the fifth ventral
broadly truncate at apex. The legs in this specimen are pale, but
in the types of LeConte they are said to be “ nigro-piceis.” The
transverse and clearly limited bands of pale pubescence on the
elytra render this one of the most distinct species of the genus.

14. D. limeellus n. sp.—Rather stout, strongly convex, oblong-oval,
black, the legs black; antennze and palpi black, the former slightly piceous
toward base excepting the first joint; pubescence pale luteo-cinereous, coarse,
rather long, extremely dense and closely decumbent, without trace of erect
hairs, the elytra each with four fine longitudinal dark lines of blackish pubes-
cence, the lines somewhat irregular, the second from the suture approaching
the humeri toward base and broadly united with the fourth before the apex,
the third short and lying midway between them. Head nearly three-fourths
as wide as the prothorax, rather strongly and closely punctate, the epistoma
rather long with a short pale coriaceous margin; labrum broadly arcuato-trun-

582 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

cate at tip; eyes small and prominent; antennze rather short, not as long as the
head and prothorax, slender, feebly incrassate toward tip, the penultimate joints
slightly wider than long. Prothorax scarcely more than one-half wider than long,
the sides convergent anteriorly and feebly arcuate throughout, broadly rounded
into the base, the basal angles obsolete; apex narrower than the base, the two
subequally and distinctly arcuate; lateral edge finely serrulate and with a
short dense and distinct fringe; disk rather strongly and closely punctate,
broadly and abruptly reto-rugose laterally, the rugose area more sparsely pu-
bescent, not delimited by an impressed line. Elytra not quite one-half longer
than wide, barely one-third wider than the prothorax, subparallel and nearly
straight at the sides, the apex obtusely rounded; disk finely and rather closely
punctate. Under surface and legs densely clothed with short even cinereous
pubescence. Length 2.2-2.4 mm.; width 0.85-1.0 mm.

California (Los Angeles Co.).

The type has the fifth ventral segment short, broadly trapezoidal
and rather broadly truncate at tip. The tibize and tarsi appear
to be very slightly picescent occasionally. This is a very remark-
able species in the nature and disposition of the vestiture, but
seems to be wholly congeneric in structural characters. Three
specimens.

DASYTASTES »n. gen.

I haveapplied this name to certain small species resembling
Dasytes quite closely in general organization, but differing invari-
ably and radically in having the entire disk of the pronotum sim-
ply punctate and devoid of all trace of the abruptly defined mar-
ginal rugose area, which constitutes so constant and characteristic
a feature in Dasytes as limited above. In addition to this it may
be stated that the antenne are shorter as a rule than in Dasytes,
and are more definitely incrassate toward apex.

The six species known to me may be thus defined in brief :—
Body uniformly black or piceous-black in color.

Elytral vestiture cinereous throughout.

The pubescence short.
Head small; sides of the prothorax broadly subexplanate; legs feebly

WiCOLOTEO Ss i.s 6 se ctysesigeemile fe ows lwidind «acta steninn deri yaneeeetee 1. catalinz

Head large; sides of the pronotum evenly convex and declivous; legs

pale rufo-ferruginous throughout...............ceceeeee eee 2. remissus

The pubescence long, fulvo-cinereous; legs bicolored........... 3. Otiosus
Elytral vestiture dark and inconspicuous, becoming paler and coarser to-
ward, baseland) at, the apexsscsccsessssncsles yea skeneeeswseveaeseeteedees 4. dispar

Body bicolored, the head and prothorax pale and rufous.

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 583

Head pale throughout; elytral vestiture short, even, dense and pale cinere-

OQUSLOVEN THeTeNbIFEISUNLAGE. sores. .5eh- eens ncnscescoatesneessnenoees 5. ruficollis

Head blackish toward base; elytral vestiture longer, sparse and dark in
color, becoming cinereous near the apex and toward the humeri.

6. bicolor

In geographical range these species occupy the same regions as

Dasytes, but at present none is known to extend far to the east-

ward of the Sierra Nevada Mountains.

1. D. catalimee Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1866, p. 361
{ Dasytes ).

Elongate, suboval, rather convex, polished, black; legs rufous,
the femora piceous ; antenne black, piceous toward base; pubes-
cence rather sparse and somewhat short, cinereous, decumbent
and completely devoid of erect hairs. Head about three-fifths
as wide as the prothorax, smooth, finely and sparsely punctate,
more closely so and slightly rugose toward the sides and base ;
epistoma very short, the labrum arcuato-truncate at apex; eyes
small and convex; antenne rather short, slender, the penul-
timate joints apparently slightly transverse. Prothorax nearly
four-fifths wider than long, the sides parallel and distinctly arcu-
ate,rather more strongly so behind the middle, the edge distinctly
serrulate; basal angles broady rounded, the apical obtuse but not
rounded from above; apex and base equal, the former truncate,
the latter broadly arcuate; disk finely, sparsely punctate, more
closely so but not rugose toward the sides, where the surface be-
comes broadly subexplanate; marginal fringe very short but
dense. Elytra two-fifths longer than wide, scarcely more than
one-fourth wider than the prothorax, very slightly wider near api-
eal third than at base, the apex somewhat obliquely narrowed,
then narrowly obtuse and rounded; disk finely, not very densely
punctate, strongly so toward base. Length 1.6 mm.; width 0.75
mm. ,

California (Sta. Catalina Island). The broadly subexplanate
sides of the pronotum, small head and color of the legs will ren-
der the identification of this small but distinct species always
easy when the locality is known, as it is undoubtedly confined to
the island. The specimen described above has the fifth ventral
broadly truncate at apex and is apparently a male.

2. D. remissus n. sp.—Elongate, strongly convex, moderately shining,
black with a piceous tinge, the legs pale ferruginous; antennze piceous, piceo-

584 Couleopterological Notices, VI.

testaceous toward base; pubescence luteo-cinereous, moderately long and
coarse, not very dense and closely decumbent, not intermixed with erect hairs.
Head large, only slightly narrower than the prothorax, broadly convex, finely
and not very closely punctate, the impressions obsolete; epistoma short, with
a thin coriaceous extension, the labrum short, transverse, feebly arcuato-
truncate at apex; eyes small, basal, convex and prominent; antennz slender
and filiform, rather longer than the head and prothorax, the penultimate joints
fully as long as wide. Prothorax two-thirds wider than long, the sides sub-
parallel, broadly and rather strongly arcuate, somewhat more obviously so to-
ward base, the edges feebly serrulate; basal angles very broadly obtuse; apex
and base feebly arcuate and subequal; disk evenly and strongly convex from
side to side, finely but strongly and rather closely punctate, the marginal
fringe rather long, dense and conspicuous. Elytra one-half longer than wide,
one-fourth wider than the prothorax, the sides subparallel and nearly straight,
obliquely convergent behind, the tip narrow, subtransversely truncate and
strongly serrulate, not at all dehiscent at apex, the sutural angles right and
not rounded; disk rather finely but strongly punctate, the punctures somewhat
close-set. Under surface thinly clothed with rather long and luteo-cinereous
pubescence. Length 1.9 mm.; width 0.75 mm.

California (north of San Francisco).

Of this interesting form I have before me three specimens from
as many distinct localities; of these only one satisfies the above
description, this example having the fifth ventral broadly trun-
cate and being without doubt the male. The other two speci-
mens have darker legs, the femora in one being blackish, and a
broadly and evenly rounded elytral apex ; the head in one of these
two specimens is smaller than in the other and both have the
fifth ventral more or less evenly and broadly truncate at tip. It
is probable that there is some specific difference which cannot be
advantageously defined at present.

3. D. otiosus n. sp.—Elongate, rather strongly convex, subparallel,
strongly shining, the integuments very obsoletely and minutely rugulose;
legs ferruginous, the femora blackish; antennz piceous-black, testaceous to-
ward base, the first joint blackish; pubescence long, subdecumbent, rather
coarse, somewhat sparse, pale fulvo-cinereous in color, without. erect hairs.
Head transverse, three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, finely and sparsely
punctate, the impressions obsolete; epistoma rather long and narrow, truncate,
the labrum short and subtruncate; eyes small and convex; antennz rather
short, nearly one-half longer than the prothorax, very feebly and gradually
incrassate, the penultimate joints slightly wider than long. Prothorax three-
fifths wider than long, the sides very feebly convergent, evenly and rather
feebly arcuate from base to apex, the edges scarcely serrulate; basal angles
very obtuse but not obliterated; apex truncate, slightly narrower than the
base, the latter broadly arcuate; disk finely, sparsely punctate, more closely

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 585

so toward the sides, evenly convex. Elytra rather more than one-half longer
than wide, nearly one-half wider than the prothorax, scarcely visibly wider
behind than at base, the sides subparallel; apex obtuse; disk somewhat
coarsely and closely punctate and feebly rugose, the sculpture feebler toward
apex. Under surface shining, feebly pubescent. Length 2.25 mm.;
width.0.9 mm.

California.

The type and only specimen known to me has the fifth ventral
rather short, trapezoidal and truncate, and the genital segment
strongly and evenly rounded behind, with the disk perfectly even.
I am, however, not certain of the sex of this individual, for the
fifth ventral seems to be truncate in both male and female in this
section of the genus.

4. D. dispar n. sp.—Somewhat short, strongly convex and _ suboyal,
strongly shining, the integuments feebly reticulato-rugulose, black, the
legs ferruginous with the thighs darker; antenne black, piceo-testaceous
toward base; pubescence rather short and sparse, cinereous toward base
and near the apex of the elytra and on the head and pronotum, finer
and blackish elsewhere, devoid of erect hairs. Head rather more than
three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, moderately transverse, feebly un-
even, finely and sparsely punctate, with the frontal impressions obsolete;
epistoma very short and transverse, the labrum small, transverse, truncate;
eyes small but prominent; antennz slender, not quite as long as the head and
prothorax, very feebly and gradually incrassate, the tenth joint a little wider
than long, the fifth very slightly dilated. Prothorax fully three-fourths wider
than long, the sides subparallel and distinctly arcuate, rather more evidently
so toward base, the edges distinctly serrulate; basal angles very obtuse but
not obliterated, the apical obtuse but distinct from above, rounded as usual
when viewed sublaterally; apex slightly narrower than the base, both feebly
arcuate; disk finely but strongly, sparsely punctate throughout, the flanks
evenly convex and declivous, strongly and narrowly impressed along the lat-
eral edges at the basal angles; marginal fringe short but distinct. Elytra very
feebly dilated posteriorly, not quite one-half longer than wide, nearly one-half
wider than the prothorax, obtusely rounded behind; disk somewhat finely
and quite sparsely punctured. Abdomen thinly clothed with short fine and
dusky-cinereous hairs. Length 1.75-2.0 mm.; width 0.75—0.85 mm.

California (north of San Francisco).

This species is quite isolated, and is represented in my cabinet
by four specimens taken in three localities; these agree very well
among themselves, except that in one small example the pale
fulvo-cinereous hairs of the elytra spread almost evenly over the
entire surface, but under more power the pale hairs near the mid-
dle of the elytra are readily seen to be mingled with the more

586 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

slender blackish hairs of the same length. I am unable to observe
any sexual differences.

5. D. ruficollis Ulke—Geog. and Geol. Exp. and Surv., 4 to., Wheeler,
V, 1875, p. 812 ( Dasytes).

Stout, oval and strongly convex, polished, piceous, the head,
prothorax, and apex and flanks of the elytra pale flavo-testaceous ;
legs very pale throughout; antennz blackish-piceous, pale testa-
ceous in about basal half; pubescence short, even, pale cinereous,
moderately dense and distinct, without trace of erect hairs. Head
very short and transverse, three-fourths as wide as the prothorax,
somewhat finely but strongly and rather closely punctate, the im-
pressions obsolete; frontal margin transversely and feebly tumid
and impunctate; epistoma very short and transverse, the labrum
very transverse, truncate; eyes small, convex, not quite attaining
the base; antenne slender, as long as the head and prothorax,
filiform, the tenth joint fully as long as wide. Prothorax three-
fifths wider than long, the sides broadly arcuate toward base,
gradually somewhat convergent and very feebly arcuate thence to
the apex, which is arcuato-truncate and much narrower than the
base,-the latter feebly arcuate, the basal angles very obtuse and
scarcely distinct; disk evenly convex, finely but strongly, rather
closely and evenly punctate throughout, the lateral edges fine and
feebly serrulate, the fringe rather short but dense and distinct.
Elytra short, scarcely more than one-third longer than wide,
nearly one-half wider than the prothorax, the sides subparallel
and nearly straight, becoming rounded and convergent in apical
two-fifths, the apex obtuse; punctures fine but strong and distinct
and well separated. Legs very slender. Length 2.0 mm.; width
0.85 mm.

Nevada. <A distinct form, somewhat resembling a small halti-
cide at first glance. The specimen described above has the fifth
ventral truncate and is probably a male; it seems also to be
slightly immature.

6. D. bicolor n. sp.—Oblong, suboval, rather narrow and convex, highly
polished throughout, pale rufo-testaceous, the elytra and under surface of the
hind body black; head blackish toward base, the antennz black at apex, grad-
ually testaceous toward base; palpi and legs pale throughout; pubescence mod-
erate in length, sparse, fulvo-cinereous, blackish on the elytra except toward
base near the sides and at apex. Head transverse, two-thirds as wide as the
prothorax, finely and sparsely punctate, the frontal impressions at the apical

-

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 587

margin very small, feeble and remotely separated; epistoma with a wide thin
apical margin; labrum subtruncate; eyes very small, not extending to the
base, prominent; antenn rather short, not as long as the head and prothorax,
the three outer joints distinctly wider, the penultimate slightly wider than
long. Prothorax four-fifths wider than long, the sides strongly and evenly
rounded toward base, becoming strongly convergent and almost straight in
about apical half, the edge distinctly serrulate; basal angles very obtuse but
traceable; apex truncate, equal to the base, the latter only feebly arcuate; disk
smooth, minutely and sparsely punctate, becoming gradually obsoletely reticu-
late near the sides. Elytra very feebly dilated behind and there about one-
fourth wider than the prothorax, at base equal in width to the disk of the
latter, not quite one-half longer than wide, the apex evenly and not broadly
rounded; disk somewhat coarsely and strongly but not densely, somewhat un-
evenly punctate. Under surface slightly pubescent, the hind femora some-
what piceous in color. Length 1.75-1.9 mm.; width 0.75-0.9 mm.

California (Los Angeles Co.).

The fifth ventral of the individual described is trapezoidal and
rather broadly truncate at apex. This species differs greatly from
ruficollis in its minute sparse punctuation of the anterior parts,
form of the prothorax, pubescence and numerous other features,
The two specimens in my cabinet are mutually similar through-
out.

ESCHATOCREPIS Lec.

In this genus the ungual appendages are equal, rather slender,
well developed and as long as the claws, but are clearly detached
from them except near the base; in other respects Eschatocrepis
is allied to Listromimus, but differs in the form of the epipleure,
which are narrow and horizontal, with the plane gradually turned
upward and inward posteriorly. The anterior tibiz are cylin-
drical and devoid of all trace of spinules along the external side,
and the eyes are large and basal, the antennz rather short and
either gradually incrassate or with an abrupt three-jointed club ;
they are scarcely at all serrate. The pronotum has a deep im-
pressed submarginal line in both sexes.

1. E. constrictus Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., VI, p. 170 (Da-
sytes); Class. Col. N. A., 1861, p. 193 (Eschatocrepis); constricollis Motsch. :
Bull. Mose., 1859, ii, p. 390 (Listrus).

Elongate, feebly shining, black, the legs pale rufo-ferruginous,
frequently with the femora picescent ; antenne piceous, testaceous
toward base; pubescence short, more or less cinereous, without
trace of erect hairs. Head but slightly narrower than the pro-

588 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

thorax, the frontal impressions rather small and feeble; eyes
prominent; antennze but slightly longer than the prothorax,
slender, the fifth joint noticeably dilated. Prothorax not quite as
long as wide, the sides parallel and broadly rounded, deeply con-
stricted behind the apical angles which are laterally prominent ;
basal angles obtuse but not rounded, not at all prominent. Elytra
quite distinctly wider than the prothorax, twice as long as wide
in the male, relatively shorter and more dilated behind in the
female. Length 2.2-3.4 mm.; width 0.7-1.15 mm.

Coast regions of California from Humboldt to San Diego.
This abundant species seems to be resolvable into two or three
closely allied forms, but it would scarcely be worth while to un-
dertake the definition of them without very full series from care-
fully recorded localities. One form from San Diego is certainly
distinct in its much more feeble thoracic constriction, denser
pubescence and acute elytral apices; another from Sta. Barbara
is more elongate in the body and more densely pubescent than
the typical forms, in which the elytral pubescence is relatively
sparse, dark and inconspicuous.

In the male the fifth ventral has a transverse and rectangular
apical emargination, with the adjacent surface slightly declivous,
and I can perceive little or no variation in this sexual character
in the various allied forms alluded to above.

ALLONYX Lec.

The parallel form of the body and structure of the epipleurse
will readily distinguish the representatives of this genus from the
allied forms with similar asymmetric ungual appendages. The
epipleurz are wide, flat and subhorizontal throughout, preserving
their width almost unaltered to within a short distance of the
apex and there terminating somewhat abruptly; their surface is
finely punctured and pubescent, and the side margins of the elytra:
are correspondingly reflexed. The antenne are rather short,
feebly incrassate and are scarcely at all serrate, the eyes large and
basal, the anterior tibiz devoid of spinules, the, maxillary palpi
somewhat stout and pale in color, and the vestiture very feebly
developed. The prothorax is not at all constricted near the apex,
and the pronotum has at each side a strong excavated line parallel
to and at some distance from the lateral edge, the intermediate
surface being broadly subexplanate but only a little more strongly
sculptured than the median parts of the disk.

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 589

The material in my cabinet seems to indicate the three follow-
ing species :—
Submarginal line of the pronotum entire, extending to the apex.
Sides of the prothorax sinuate near the basal angles, which are right and
ROMTE With! PTONUMEMGaccas csi eaascescve«sm-cceoueUotcseetes sadecrene 1. sculptilis
Sides almost evenly and feebly arcuate, not more than straight near the
basal angles, which are obtuse and not at all prominent...2. denudatus
Submarginal line abruptly abbreviated at apical fourth or fifth of the length;
basal lobe of the prothorax more gradually formed and less pronounced.
3. disjunctus
Allonyx seems to be limited in its range to the coast regions of
middle California from Sta. Barbara to Mendocino, being perhaps
still more circumscribed than Eschatocrepis. Many California
trees are well known to be similarly limited in range, such as
Sequoia and Pinus insignis.

1. A. sculptilis Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1859, p. 75 ( Dasy-
tes); Class. Col. N. A., 1861 and Proc. Acad., 1866, p. 359 ( Allonyx).
Oblong, subparallel, moderately convex, rather dull and aluta-
ceous in lustre, black with a feeble greenish tinge, the elytral
apices rufescent apparently in great part from diaphaneity ; legs
rufo-ferruginous, the hind femora on the upper edge near the tip
and the corresponding tibiz infuscate; antennz pale testaceous,
the first and eleventh joints in part darker; mouth parts and lab-
rum pale, the palpi dark at tip. Head three-fifths as wide as the
prothorax, with two large impressions coalescent behind the
transversely convex separating surface, the occiput thence finely
striate along the middle to the base; eyes rather large, convex
and basal; antennze somewhat stout but filiform, not incrassate,
one-third longer than the prothorax, the fifth joint long and dis-
tinctly wider. Prothorax transverse, parallel, the sides feebly
bisinuate, the disk minutely, sparsely and not very distinctly
punctate, the submarginal lines entire, extending to the apex.
Elytra three-fifths longer than wide, one-fourth wider than the
prothorax, feebly dilated and with the sides somewhat arcuate
behind, the apex broadly rounded; lateral edges somewhat re-
flexo-explanate ; punctures fine, rather sparse and very indistinct.
Abdomen black throughout. Length 3.3 mm.; width 1.85 mm.
California. The single specimen before me is a female, said by
Mr. Dunn to have been taken by him in the vicinity of San Fran-
cisco; it is a femaie, as proved by the extruded genitalia, but the

590 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

fifth ventral is flattened and rectilinearly and broadly truncate at
apex, the genital segment being broadly bilobed and deeply im-
presso-canaliculate along the middle.

2, A. denudatus n. sp.—Oblong-elongate and parallel, feebly convex,
rather dull and alutaceous, black, the elytral apex slightly rufescent from dia-
phaneity; apex of the abdomen except the base of the fifth segment bright tes-
taceous; posterior legs black throughout except the base of the femur and the
trochanters which are red, the tarsus rufo-piceous; middle legs corresponding
in color except that the basal third of the femur is red; anterior legs pale rufo-
testaceous throughout; antennz pale testaceous; pubescence very short, fine,
decumbent and sparse, rather dark in color on the elytra and inconspicuous.
Head three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, dull but smooth, very obsoletely
and sparsely punctulate, the impressions large and strong; epistoma very
wide, with a polished and rather pale border, the labrum very transverse;
eyes somewhat large and prominent; antennze somewhat stout, one-half longer
than the prothorax, the last three joints larger, the tenth about as long as wide,
not much narrowed at base, fifth distinctly dilated. Prothorax three-fifths
wider than its median length, the sides parallel, feebly and almost evenly
arcuate, straight toward the basal angles, which are obtuse but not rounded
and not in the least prominent; apical angles right and slightly blunt, apex
almost rectilinearly truncate throughout the width, the base with a very
abrupt and broad arcuate median lobe; disk finely and feebly granulato-
reticulate, smooth and alutaceous, slightly rougher between the submarginal
line and the side margin, the latter feebly reflexed as usual; punctures toward
the middle extremely minute and sparse but abrupt and distinct under suffi-
cient power. Llytra three-fifths longer than wide, one-fifth wider than the
prothorax, parallel and feebly, evenly arcuate at the sides, the apex broadly
rounded and subtruncate, the lateral edges reflexed and the apices subexplan-
ate; sutural angles right, not rounded; disk confusedly though feebly and
subtransversely rugose, the punctuation fine and very indistinct. Under sur-
face finely but distinctly cinereo-pubescent, the legs well developed. Length
3.3-4.0 mm. ; width 1.25-1.5 mm.

California (north of San Francisco).

The three examples before me are males, the apex of the fifth
ventral being transverse and abruptly and deeply sinuate at the
middle, the genital segment being deeply bilobed. In the female
the legs are doubtless paler. This species differs from sculpftilis
in having the sides of the prothorax very feebly and almost evenly
arcuate and not sinuate toward the basal angles, which are obtuse;
the apical angles are occasionally feebly prominent anteriorly.

3. A. disjunctus n. sp.—Oblong, subparallel, feebly convex, dull, the
elytra shining, the integuments strongly granulato-reticulate, much more ob-
soletely on the elytra; body black throughout, the apices of the elytra pale;

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 591
legs pale, the tip of the hind femora but slightly darker above; antennz tes-
taceous, the eleventh joint slightly darker; pubescence cinereous, extremely
short, fine, decumbent and sparse, without trace of erect hairs. Head two-
thirds as wide as the prothorax, more shining, the sculpture feebler, finely,
feebly punctulate, the impressions large and deep, not coalescent behind, the
epistoma short; labrum transverse and very broadly rounded; eyes large, prom-
inent and basal; antennze one-fourth longer than the prothorax, very feebly
incrassate toward apex, the tenth joint evenly triangular, nearly as long as
wide, fifth sensibly dilated. Prothorax barely three-fifths wider than long, the
sides parallel, evenly and feebly arcuate, becoming slightly sinuate toward the
basal angles, which are right and not rounded; apical angles slightly acute, ad-
vanced and not blunt; apex broadly emarginate; base with a very broad and
feeble arcuate lobe; disk finely and sparsely but distinctly punctate. Elytra
two-thirds longer than wide, one-fourth wider than the prothorax, very feebly
and gradually dilated behind, the apex evenly rounded; lateral edges reflexed ;
sutural angles acute and posteriorly prominent; disk strongly and rather
closely punctate, less distinctly so toward apex. Abdomen polished, somewhat
sparsely clothed with short and fine cinereous pubescence. Length 3.5 mm. ;
width 1.45 mm.

California.

The type of this species is a female, differing from the female of
sculptilis in having the submarginal impressed line of the pronotum
abruptly ending at about apical fifth of the length. The fifth ven-
tral is truncate as in sculptilis.

VECTURA ». gen.

In this genus the body is cuneiform, with the head small and
more elongate than usual, the antennze being moderate in length,
scarcely serrate and feebly incrassate at apex, the eyes situated
before the base of the head and slightly elongate, and the pro-
thorax more or less constricted near the apex, with the basal an-
gles acute and prominent. It resembles Allonyx to some extent
in the form of the epipleurz, these being rather wide, flat, subhor-
izontal and pubescent, but, unlike those of Allonyx, becoming
gradually narrow behind the middle. The inner claw has a very
long and rather thick corneous expansion and the membranous
appendage is correspondingly shortened but extends to the tip of
the claw. The tibiz are devoid of spinules as usual in this group.
The two species known to me may be distinguished as follows :—
Pubescence not entirely concealing the integuments; prothorax strongly con-

stricted behind the apical angles, which are very acute and prominent later-

UL OR RR ve eR Det rebel abe bot alates Pd i a 1. lomgiceps

592 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

Pubescence extremely dense, completely concealing the integuments; protho-
rax very broadly and obsoletely constricted near the apex, the angles later-
ally obtuse, rounded and scarcely at all prominent............... 2. albicans

In geographical range Vectura is probably limited to the great
arid and elevated internal basin region, between the Sierra Nevada
and Rocky mountains.

1. V. Llomgiceps n. sp.—Broad and strongly dilated behind, cuneiform,
moderately convex, feebly shining, pale ochreo-testaceous throughout, the
metasternum, maxillary palpi and antennz toward tip blackish; pubescence
closely appressed, dense, yellowish-white, the hairs broad and squamiform,
without trace of erect hairs; marginal fringe composed of short dense and pos-
teriorly inclined white hairs. Head small, elongate, three-fifths as wide as
the prothorax, flat, with indistinct sparse punctules, the impressions very
feeble; epistoma transverse but well developed, the labrum large, broadly
arcuate at tip; eyes elongate-elliptical, feebly convex and not attaining the
base; antenne but feebly serrate, one-fourth longer than the prothorax, the
fifth and seventh joints much larger than the sixth or eighth, last three joints
larger, the penultimate slightly transverse. Prothorax one-fourth wider than
long, the sides feebly convergent from the base, feebly arcuate, slightly and
broadly sinuate near the base, deeply constricted behind the apical angles
which are laterally acute and very prominent; basal angles slightly acute,
everted and prominent; apex arcuate, narrower than the base, which is broadly
and arcuately lobed; lateral edges finely serrulate; disk finely, feebly and
rather closely but indistinctly punctate, the submarginal excavated line ex-
tending only to apical fourth. Llytra three-fifths longer than wide, oval,
gradually wider to apical two-fifths, where they are more than twice as wide
as the prothorax; sides evenly and feebly arcuate; apex acutely ogival, the
sutural angles minutely acute and posteriorly prominent; lateral edges nar-
rowly reflexed; humeri exposed and transversely rounded; disk finely but
strongly, distinctly and closely punctured, the interspaces shining. Under
surface densely clothed with appressed white pubescence, the legs very slender

and moderately long. Length 3.6 mm.; width 1.55 mm.

Arizona (Yuma). Mr. Dunn.

The typical specimen described above is a female, having the
fifth ventral rounded behind, with the disk feebly impressed in
the middle at the apex. I have before me two females not mutu-
ally differing at all in structure.

2. V.albicans n. sp.—Stout, moderately dilated posteriorly, strongly con-
vex, the surface completely concealed by a dense even coat of rather long and
closely appressed, stout and subsquamiform white hairs, without trace of in-
termixed setz except the usual few erect black hairs near the abdominal apex;
marginal fringe composed of short, dense and decumbent white hairs; body
black, the elytra and legs pale testaceous throughout; antenn testaceous,
blackish toward tip. Head scarcely two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, a

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 593

little longer than wide, not greatly prolonged before the eyes, the latter how-
ever small, prominent, slightly elongate and ata considerable distance from
the base, the neck subparallel behind them; surface flat, the integument com-
pletely concealed, the frontal impressions apical and feeble; labrum and apex
of the epistoma pale testaceous, the palpi black; antennz scarcely a third
longer than the prothorax, the outer joints larger, the penultimate slightly
transverse, the sixth and eighth small. Prothorax one-fourth wider than long,
the sides rounded and feebly prominent behind the middle, thence strongly
convergent and broadly sinuate to the apical angles which are laterally obtuse,
and feebly convergent and straight to the basal angles which are acute and
slightly prominent; apex arcuate, much narrower than the base which is
broadly and arcuately lobed; disk convex, completely concealed by the vesti-
ture except the excavated submarginal line, which does not attain the apex or
base. Elytra large, two-thirds longer than wide, gradually wider posteriorly,
and, at apical third, twice as wide as the prothorax; apex acutely ogival, the
sutural angles slightly obtuse; humeri exposed at base; lateral edges nar-
rowly reflexed. Under surface clothed with an extremely dense crust of
white decumbent pubescence, the legs rather short but slender. Length 3.25
mm.; width 1.5 mm.

Utah (southwestern). Mr. Weidt.

Both of the specimens before me seem to be females, the fifth
ventral segment being strongly rounded at apex. This species
differs from the preceding in its denser coating of pubescence,
shorter but broader head and other characters.

PSEUDALLONYX np. gen.

This genus resembles Allonyx in the structure of the tarsal
claws and ungual appendages, but the inner claw is distinctly
smaller than the outer and more abruptly bent at apex, and its
appendage is larger and thicker and closely adherent to the claw
almost throughout.its length; the appendage of the outer claw is
small and altogether basal. It differs greatly from Allonyx in
the form of the body, and in having the wide flat punctate and
horizontal epipleurz gradually inflexed upward in plane toward
apex. In the structure of the eyes, antennz and tibie it agrees
in general with Allonyx. I know of but one species at present.

1. Ps. plumbeus Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1866, p. 359 ( Al-
lonyx).

Cuneiform, moderately convex, opaque, the elytra a little less
densely so, black; legs pale rufo-ferruginous throughout; pubes-
cence not very coarse, appressed, white and rather long, some-
what dense on the elytra, sparse anteriorly ; erect hairs entirely

594 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

wanting, the marginal fringe very short dense and posteriorly de-
cumbent. Head small, scarcely more than three-fifths as wide as
the prothorax, smoother and finely, sparsely punctate toward the
middle, the impressions large but feeble; epistoma rather long,
pale, the labrum pale and strongly rounded; eyes moderately
large, strongly convex; antenne rather slender, feebly serrate,
one-fourth longer than the prothorax, pale testaceous, darker
toward tip, the last three joints larger and blacker, the penulti-
mate joints transverse. Prothorax two-fifths wider than long,
widest and rather narrowly rounded just behind the middle, the
sides distinctly convergent and straight or just visibly sinuate to
apex and base, the basal angles slightly obtuse but not in the
least rounded and apparently somewhat prominent ; apex arcuato-
truncate, much narrower than the base, the latter broadly arcu-
ate, obliquely sinuate laterally ; disk densely and finely punctato-
rugose, obsoletely and sparsely punctate, the submarginal exca-
vated line not extending to the apex. Elytra three-fifths longer
than wide, gradually wider to about apical third, where they are
nearly twice as wide as the prothorax, the apex thence obtusely
ogival; lateral edges narrowly reflexed ; humeri exposed at base
and rounded ; disk obliquely and broadly impressed near the base.
finely and somewhat closely punctate. Under surface albido-
pubescent. Length 3.0 mm.; width 1.4 mm.

Colorado and Arizona. The individual described above is a
female, and the fifth ventral is broadly rounded behind. The
male is undoubtedly narrower and less dilated behind. The apex
of the elytra and the lateral edges to a slight degree posteriorly
are rufous or rufescent.

LEPTOVECTURA nb. gen.

Although evidently belonging to the well defined Allonyx
group of the tribe by reason of thoracic and ungual structure, the
single type of this genus differs greatly in general appearance
from any of the others in its Listrus-like body, with the elytral
epipleure narrow and gradually disappearing posteriorly in a fine
line on the external flank very near the edge as in Dasytes. The
inner claw has a very large lamelliform appendage, which is ap-
parently closely affixed throughout its length, the outer being
simply obtusely swollen or subdentate internally at base.

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 595

1. L. adspersa n. sp.—Elongate, narrowly oval and not broader behind,
strongly convex, black, the legs pale testaceous, the femora infuscate above to-
ward apex; antenne pale, dark near the tip; pubescence moderately dense,
composed of closely appressed and rather long broad hairs, which are white
and dark brown in color confusedly intermingled throughout, becoming denser
and white near the sides and along the base of the pronotum, and altogether
white though scarcely denser on the head; scutellum covered with a dense
mass of white pubescence; marginal fringe composed of very short, dense and
coarse, posteriorly subdecumbent brown hairs. Head two-thirds as wide as
the prothorax, fully as wide as long, flat, obscurely and finely punctate, the
impressions apical and feeble; epistoma pale and well developed, the labrum
pale, broadly rounded at apex; eyes small, prominent, at some distance from
the base, the neck slightly constricted; antennze rather long and slender, much
longer than the prothorax, the joints oblique at apex, fifth elongate and slightly
dilated, the three last shghtly larger, the penultimate nearly as long as wide,
sixth and eighth slightly smaller. Prothorax two-fifths wider than long, not
constricted, widest and subprominently rounded just behind the middle, the
sides strongly convergent and straight to the apical angles, which are obtuse
but not blunt from above, and almost equally convergent and straight to the
basal angles, these being acute, everted and minutely prominent; apex arcu-
ato-truncate, narrower than the base which is broadly and arcuately lobed;
disk finely, rather closely punctate, the submarginal groove very coarsely ex-
cavated, extending almost to the apex and curving inward near the base, be-
coming obsolete toward the middle. £lytra elongate, nearly twice as long as
wide, slightly wider than the prothorax, the sides parallel and feebly arcuate,
obliquely convergent and arcuate at apex, the immediate tip rather narrowly
obtuse; sutural angles acute; punctures fine and moderately close, not very
distinct; margins not at all reflexed. Under surface densely clothed with de-
cumbent white pubescence, which is especially dense on the met-episterna
and abdomen; legs rather stout. Length 3.0 mm.; width 1.0 mm.

New Mexico.

The fifth ventral segment in the single type before me is
strongly rounded at apex. This striking species can be at once
identified by its elongate elytra, variegated vestiture and thoracic
structure.

MECOMYCTER Horn.

In this genus the ungual appendages become completely obso-
lete, the claws being at the same time unusually slender and with
,a small internal enlargement at base. The epipleurz are subhori-
zontal and moderate in width, becoming extinct behind the mid-
dle, and the genus further differs from the members of the Allonyx
group, which it resembles to some extent, in having all the tibiz
beset externally with a few blackish spinules, and in the complete

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., VIII, Sept., 1895.—41

596 ' Coleopterological Notices, VI.

absence of a lateral submarginal line on the pronotum. The elon-
gate head is not strictly peculiar to Mecomycter, as it exists to a
pronounced degree also in Vectura. The two species can be
separated thus :—

Prothorax elongate, without a lateral projection behind the middle.
1. omalinus
Prothorax transverse, with a conspicuous projection at the side at basal two-
AEGHS 905 225655 G5 bisa Soe tlek oat ebeeaeeaanter ss send inoteneaescamaereoanaeeeare 2. facetus

The genus is distributed through the arid regions from Kansas
to Arizona.

1. M. omalinus Horn—Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., X, 1882, p. 126.

Stout, moderately convex, feebly shining, pale testaceous in
color, the base of the head, maxillary palpi, outer seven joints of
the antenne and entire under surface of the hind body, except the
mesosternal side-pieces, black or blackish; elytra black, with the
apex and an elongate area from the humerus to apical third of
each pale testaceous; legs pale throughout; pubescence short,
rather sparse, pale in color, the elytra with a few scattered hairs
which are slightly longer and more erect; marginal fringe obso-
lete. Head three-fourths as wide as the prothorax and nearly
twice as long as wide, flat and coarsely punctate, the interspaces
minutely punctulate ; eyes well developed, distant from the base,
the neck narrowed toward base; antennz one-third longer than
the prothorax, the first two joints stout, the next two slender, the
remaining seven larger and feebly incrassate to the apex, the tenth
slightly transverse. Prothorax fully as long as wide, the sides
evenly convergent and nearly straight from the oblique and
slightly sinuate basal angles to the apex, the apical angles obtuse
but not rounded from above, the apex truncate, narrower than the
base which is broadly and evenly arcuate; marginal acute line far
down on the flanks, very fine, non-serrulate and curving upward
ina broad are toward apex; disk rather coarsely and rugosely
punctate. Elytra scarcely one-half longer than wide, feebly di-
lated behind and more than twice as wide as the _ pro-
thorax, evenly and broadly rounded at apex; humeri tumid and.
broadly exposed at base; lateral edges fine and not reflexed ; disk
coarsely but not densely, subrugosely punctured toward base,
very feebly sculptured toward apex. Legs rather long and
slender. Length 3.0 mm.; width 1.2 mm.

Coleopterological Notices, VI. eM

Kansas. The specimen described is probably a female, the fifth
ventral being broadly rounded behind.

2. M. facetus n. sp.—Moderately stout and convex, rather shining, pale
testaceous in color, the elytra with a sutural area not attaining the apex and
sinuately narrowed before the middle of black; under surface of the hind
body black, the mesosternum and fifth ventral segment pale; legs pale, the
hind thighs infuscate except toward tip; pubescence short, not very dense,
pale, rather fine and subdecumbent, intermixed on the elytra with numerous
short and more erect hairs of the same color; marginal fringe almost obsolete.
Head missing in the type. Prothorax three-fifths wider than long, the sides
subparallel, rather acutely prominent at basal two-fifths, thence feebly con-
vergent and broadly sinuate to the apical angles which are rounded from
above, and slightly convergent and nearly straight for a short distance to the
basal angles, these being obtuse but evident; base and apex broadly and al-
most equally arcuate, the former very slightly the wider; disk rather coarsely
but feebly, sparsely and somewhat inconspicuously punctate, the marginal
acute edge fine, rapidly descending far down the flanks from the base to apical
third, then more rapidly and subtransversely ascending in a broad are. Elytra
two-fifths longer than wide, only just visibly wider behind and scarcely two-
thirds wider than the prothorax, the sides subparallel and feebly arcuate; apex
obtuse, broadly truncate toward the middle, the sutural angles right; humeri
tumid but not very widely exposed at base; disk rather coarsely but feebly,
‘sparsely and inconspicuously punctate toward base, the sculpture becoming
very fine toward apex. Under surface rather thinly clothed with very short,
fine and subcinereous pubescence, the legs slender. Length (exclusive of the
head) 1.9 mm.; width 0.95 mm.

Arizona?

The single specimen, which I found among some discarded ma-
terial some years ago, is without any indication of locality, but
was in all probability taken by Mr. Morrison; it is a male, the
fifth ventral being short and broadly truncate, with a small feeble
sinuation at the middle of the truncature. I do not think that it
could by any possibility be the male of the preceding species,
which is known to me only by the female.

DOLICHOSOMA Steph.

The American type of this genus has no vestige of elytral epi-
pleuree, the lower edge being acute and without a submarginal line
even toward base. This peculiarity necessitates its isolation
from all other generic groups of the tribe.

The tarsal claws are stout and strongly developed, the inner
having a large corneous internal dilatation in basal half, which is

598 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

continued to the apex by the rounded membranous appendage,
the latter leaving a small part of the tip of the claw free; the
outer claw has the inner corneous dilatation extending far beyond
the middle, but the appendage forms merely a membranous ter-
minal margin; the apical portion of the outer claw is more pro-
longed and arcuate than the corresponding part of the inner claw.
The tibiz are altogether devoid of external spinules, but are
clothed sparsely throughout with long erect and stiff black hairs,
and the pronotum has no trace of a submarginal line. The body
is extremely elongate and subcylindrical, differing very much in
facies from any other type of the tribe.

Two species may be assigned to this genus as follows, fover-
collis serving as the type of the above remarks :—

Prothorax one-third wider than long...................-.------++--+= 1. foveicollis
Prothorax nearly twice as long as wide..................----c00+ 2. tenuiformis

This genus seems to occur principally on the eastern slopes of
the Rocky Mountains from Texas to Hudson Bay, but probably
entered the American continent by way of Siberia.

1. D. foveicollis Kirby—Fauna Bor. Am., IV, p. 243 ( Dasytes); Lec. :
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1866, p. 358 ( Dolichosoma).

Very elongate, subcylindrical and convex, black with a strong
blue reflection; legs black, the antennz black with the second
joint, and, to a less degree, the first, testaceous ; pubescence stiff,
long, erect and black, very sparse, the hairs of the elytra varying
in length; marginal fringe completely obsolete; integuments
strongly shining. Head five-sixths as wide as the prothorax,
wider than long, coarsely and sparsely punctate, convex, with two
deep impressions anteriorly which are posteriorly confluent ; sur-
face between the antenne tumid; epistoma truncate, the labrum
broadly rounded; eyes obliquely oval, not attaining the base, the
neck rapidly narrowed behind them; antenne long, compressed,
only feebly serrate, much longer than the head and prothorax, not
incrassate toward tip, the joints longer than wide. Prothorax one-
third wider than long, the sides subparallel and broadly arcuate,
feebly convergent and nearly straight posteriorly, the disk widest
before the middle, sparsely and very coarsely punctate and slightly
uneven; base truncate, with the angles somewhat obtuse ; lateral
edges very acute. Elytra two and two-thirds times longer than
wide, Gistinctly wider than the prothorax, the sides subparallel

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 599

and straight, very gradually oblique and rounded toward apex;
sutural angles obtuse and rounded; disk not very coarsely but
strongly, very sparsely and rugosely punctate, the interspaces
shining and minutely, feebly rugulose. Under surface very sparsely
pubescent, the legs long and slender. Length 6.5 mm.; width 1.4
mm.

Nebraska and northward. The male, which is the only sex
which I have seen, has a very large and deep anteriorly arcuate
excavation at the apex of the fifth ventral, the bottom of the ex-
cavation gradually smooth, level, polished and glabrous poste-
riorly, with a rectilinear and transverse posterior margin, which is
less apical than the lateral lobes of the segment; the genital seg-
ment is broadly sinuate at apex throughout its width, flat, with all
but an abruptly limited lateral area pale and subcoriaceous. The
allusion to cinereous hairs by LeConte, in referring to the vesti-
ture of this species, is altogether erroneous.

2. D. tenuiformis Horn—Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VIII, 1880, p. 150.

The body in this species is extremely slender and elongate, dark
greenish-bronze in color and subopaque above, bluish and shining
beneath. Head coarsely punctured, the front triangularly im-
pressed. Prothorax a little narrower than the head, nearly twice
as long as wide, with the sides parallel; disk with an impressed
median line. Elytraa little wider than the prothorax with the
sides straight, nearly three times as long as the head and pro-
thorax, the disk rather coarsely, densely and irregularly punctate,
the sutural margin slightly elevated. Lenth 4 mm.

Texas,—Cab. Horn. This species somewhat resembles the
European PD. linearis in form, according to Dr. Horn; I have seen
no representative, and the above statements are taken from the
original description.

MELYRINI.

This tribe is but poorly represented in the United States by a
single small genus on each side of the continent. There can be no
doubt at all that both of these genera are different from the Euro-
pean Melyris, and I have therefore thought best to give them sepa-
rate names; they are mutually very distinct themselves, and may
be known by the following characters :—

600 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

Epipleure rather wide and parallel, extending to the sutural angles; last:
joint of the maxillary palpi conoidal and gradually pointed; body very
coarsely; and. closelyienibratee-secn-sseeeeeesececcosten se soseec eee nneaes Alymeris

Epipleuree moderately wide toward base, gradually becoming obsolete be-
hind the middle of the elytra; last joint of the maxillary palpi obliquely
truncate at apex; body sparsely punctured.....................200. Eurelymis
The species are generally quite rare and but few examples of

the majority of them exist at present in cabinets.

ALYMERIS n. gen.

This genus consists of small or moderate sized species, having
the integuments very coarsely, deeply and closely cribrate and the
epipleure rather wide, with their plane inclined slightly upward
and almost equal in width from the base to the sutural angles,
differing radically in this respect from any other genus of the
family inhabiting the United States; the epipleurz are flat and
finely punctate, and the margins become prominent toward apex,
the lower edge being strongly serrulate. The antenne are short,
the maxillary palpi somewhat small in size, the eyes well developed
and convex, the sides of the pronotum serrulate, the anterior tibiz
devoid of spinules and the tarsi rather short, with the basal joint
quite distinctly shorter than the second, and the fifth joint of the
posterior fully as long as the three preceding together; the
ungues are slender, with a feeble dentiform internal dilatation at
base, the appendages being obsolete. We have three well defined
species as follows :—

Elytra dark castaneous, the base and a small spot at the middle of each near
the apex pale testaceous; pubescence inconspicuous...............+. 1. basalis
Elytra uniform in color, blackish or piceous.
Elytral pubescence inconspicuous; prothorax strongly transverse and rap-

UdlyeNarrowed LOwarl dpa pexace senate sss ceeeep ee eseess aces 2. cribrata
Elytral pubescence long and distinct; prothorax much less transverse and
LeeblymarnowedstOwarduapexessesseres nesses tasmees eres eeen ees 3. floridana

The species of Alymeris are confined to the Atlantic and Gulf
regions of the continent from New York to Louisiana.

1. A basalis Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., VI, p. 171 (Dasytes) ;
Class. Col. N. A., 1861, p. 93 (Melyris). :

Elongate-oval, rather stout, strongly convex, opaque, black,
the elytra castaneous with the base and a subapical spot testa-
ceous; legs piceous-black; antennz piceous, testaceous near the
base; pubescence extremely short, sparse and scarcely distinct.

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 601

Head strongly deflexed, coarsely retate, the frontal impressions
feeble; eyes convex, basal; epistoma with a pale subcoriaceous
prolongation, the labrum small, blackish, strongly rounded ; an-
tennz scarcely as long as the prothorax, feebly incrassate, the
penultimate joints slightly transverse. Prothorax one-half wider
than long, the sides broadly arcuate, more convergent anteriorly ;
disk opaque and coarsely retate, subexplanate near the lateral
edges. Elytra three-fourths longer than wide, distinctly wider
than the prothorax, the sides parallel and broadly arcuate, gradu-
ally and strongly rounded behind; disk very coarsely and closely
eribrate, with faint vestiges of two or three uneven costuliform
lines on each. Length 3.3-3.6 mm.; width 1.4 mm.

Georgia to Louisiana. The feeble costuliform lines on the
elytra are especially evident in the male, in which sex the fifth
ventral is broadly deflexed toward tip, with the apex somewhat
sinuate in the middle, and the genital segment thin, pale and cori-
aceous with its apex broadly and feebly sinuate, and its surface nar-
rowly and abruptly carinate along the middle. The description
is drawn from the female, and in the other sex the prothorax is
less transverse and less narrowed anteriorly, and the elytra rela-
tively shorter and more obtuse behind. Two specimens.

2. A. cribrata Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., VI, p. 171 ( Dasytes) ;
Class. Col. N. A., 1861, p. 93 ( Melyris).

Resembles basalis, but smaller, less stout and with the elytra
uniformly piceous throughout, the epistoma and labrum pale ;
pubescence short, sparse and scarcely distinct. Length 2.2—2.6
mm.; width 0.8-1.0 mm.

Middle and Southern States. This species is not rare, and may
be distinguished readily by the characters given in the table. In
the male the shining surface of the fifth ventral is gradually de-
flexed toward tip, the latter truncate; the genital segment is
small and has a strong median carina.

3. A. floridana n. sp.—Rather stout and convex, gradually broader be-
hind, dull anteriorly, the elytra shining; body black, the elytra rather pale and
piceous; legs piceous-brown, the femora blackish; antennze blackish, the two
basal joints pale; pubescence dark fulvo-cinereous, suberect, fine and rather
dense anteriorly, long coarse and very sparse on the elytra. Head four-fifths
as wide as the prothorax, dull and retate, smoother near the apex, not im-
pressed; epistoma pale and well developed, the labrum pale and _ strongly
rounded; eyes moderate in size and convexity; antennze very short, about as

602 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

long as the prothorax, the fourth joint very oblique, fifth larger than any of
the following, six to ten equal, compact, more pubescent and distinctly trans-
verse, eleventh moderate in size, obtuse. Prothorax one-half wider than long,
the sides rounded toward base, strongly serrulate, the apex and base subequal,
broadly arcuate; basal angles obtuse but not obliterated; disk opaque and
coarsely, polygonally retate, not explanate at the sides. E/ytra short, scarcely
more than one-third longer than wide, the sides nearly straight and gradually
divergent from the base, at apical third about two-fifths wider than the pro-
thorax; apex very obtuse; disk with very large, perforate and close-set foveze,
the bottoms of which are smooth, thin and perfectly transparent. Under sur-
face shining and scarcely at all pubescent, the legs rather short. Length 1.75—
1.8 mm.; width 0.85-0.9 mm.

Florida (Key West). Mr. Schwarz.

The male, serving as the type, has the fifth ventral very short,
not deflexed and broadly truncate at apex, with a rounded shallow
sinuation at the middle, the genital segment large and wide, feebly
arcuato-truncate throughout at apex and with a transverse ab-
rupt and flat-topped elevation on the surface at apex, the anterior
margin of which is arcuate and coincident in size and curvature
with the median sinus of the fifth segment, these characters be-
ing quite different from those of the two preceding species. In
the female the body is still more strongly cuneiform, the elytra
longer, palér and more oval, the head and prothorax smaller, and
the fifth ventral short, flat and broadly rounded. Two specimens.

EURELYMIS nb. gen.

The representatives of this genus differ very radically from
Alymeris in several particulars. The epipleurz are very narrow
and gradually become extinct far before the apex of the elytra;
the tarsi are long, filiform and very slender, with the basal joint
only slightly shorter than the second and the latter fully as long
as the fifth. The antenne are better developed and are strongly
serrate toward apex, and, finally, the fourth joint of the maxillary
palpi is obliquely truncate at apex, thus leading feebly toward the
next subfamily. The eyes are large, prominent and basal, rounded
and with a small feeble anterior sinuation, but are glabrous and
not distinctly less finely faceted than usual. The sculpture of the
body is much finer and sparser than in the preceding genus, but
the lateral edges of the prothorax are quite as distinctly serrulate,
the edges of the elytra, however, being almost perfectly even
throughout. In one of the sexes there is, in all the species, an el-

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 603

liptical area on each elytron near the apex which is polished and
impunctate, and of which there is no trace in the other; in neither
sex is there any trace of costuliform lines on the elytra.

The species appear to be local and rare, and are distributed over
the dry regions of the great interior basin west of the Rocky
Mountains; the three known to me may be known as follows :—

Legs black, more or less paler distally.
Prothorax widest at or very near the base; the sides convergent and feebly

ALCUATE. UMAROUGH OU bese cers se aris oe ceeteic sors se seca ale ne 1. speculifer
Prothorax more arcuate at the sides toward base, and widest ata short
mushanee DehimduGne: MIG Geir... cecccdec oc s-e heeded code cess eecwes so 2. atra
Legs pale flavo-testaceous throughout. ..............:scscseeeesesereceeee 3. flavipes

In general appearance these species are remarkably homoge-
neous among themselves.

1. Eu. speculifer nu. sp.—Oblong, stout and strongly convex, dull,
the elytra shining; under surface polished; body deep black throughout, the
legs black with the tibize and tarsi gradually paler; antennz blackish, pale
toward base; pubescence very sparse, decumbent, moderate in length, dark in
eolor and entirely inconspicuous. Head small, about one-half as wide as the
prothorax, the sculpture shallow but scabro-punctate, smooth toward apex;
oceiput feebly impressed along the middle, the frontal impressions obsolete;
epistoma short and wide, with a fine pale coriaceous margin; labrum short
and very broad, transversely rounded, rather dark in color; eyes moderately
large; antennz a little longer than the prothorax, the two basal joints slightly
stout, the next two narrow, the fifth wider, six to ten still wider, rather com-
pact, strongly transverse, forming a broad pubescent and serrate club, the
eleventh moderate in length. Prothorax two-thirds wider than long, trape-
zoidal, the sides strongly convergent from base to apex and feebly, almost
evenly arcuate, the apex arcuate; apical angles rounded, the basal obtuse;
disk densely and coarsely but shallowly sculptured, the large umbilicate punc-
tures connected by anastomosing raised lines, forming still larger polygonal
meshes, the sculpture but slightly stronger toward the sides. Elytra nearly
three-fourths longer than wide, distinctly wider than the prothorax, the sides
parallel and nearly straight; apex obtuse, the sutural angles broadly rounded;
disk sparsely punctate, the punctures gradually coarse toward base, fine pos-
teriorly, becoming denser and rugulose very near the apex. Abdomen feebly
punctulate, finely and sparsely pubescent, the legs rather long and slender.
Length 4.25-4.4 mm.; width 1.75-1.85 mm.

Utah (southwestern). Mr. C. J. Weidt.

The type is a male, and in that sex the fifth ventral is much
longer than the fourth and very broadly and feebly sinuate to-
ward the middle of the apex. In the female the form throughout
is similar, but each elytron has an oval, subapical, polished and

604 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

more convex spot, and the fifth ventral has a very small cireu-
larly rounded median nick, the genital segment being flexed up-
ward in plane, with a large triangular apical emargination. Other
than the median nick, the fifth ventral of the assumed female is
rounded behind, and, as the antennz seem to be more slender
and the body larger in this specimen,—having the subapical
mirrors—it is probable that Dr. LeConte was correct in his iden-
tification of the sexes. Two specimens.

2. Eu. atra Lec.—Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv., 1878, IV, p. 461
(Melyris).

There is no representative before me of either this species or
the next, but from some drawings and notes made from the orig-
inal types a few years since, it is apparent that atra is nearly
identical in sculpture and pubescence to speculifer and flavipes,
but is rather narrower, more parallel and straighter at the sides
and a little more depressed; legs as in speculifer. It differs de-
cidedly from both in the shape of the prothorax, which is more
rounded at the sides and widest at a much greater distance from
the base. Length 3.7 mm.; width 1.5 mm.

Colorado (Beaver Brook—6000 ft.),—Cab. LeConte. The female
is the only sex known.

3. Eu. flavipes Lec.—Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv., 1878, IV, p.
461 (Melyris).

This species exactly resembles speculifer, but is smaller and
with the legs pale flavate throughout and a little shorter. The
hind tarsi are very nearly as long as the tibie. In sculpture and
vestiture it is similar to speculifer, except that the minute retic-
ulations of the elytra are more obliterated. Length 3.4-3.8 mm.;
width 1.3-1.6 mm.

California,—Cab. LeConte. This species probably does not.
extend westward beyond the Sierras.

RHADALIN2.

RHADALUS Lec.

In this genus the body is larger than in the preceding subfam-
ily, and clothed with long bristling pubescence. The ungual ap-
pendages are slender, equal, not as long as the claws and wholly

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 605

detached from them except at base, the tarsi moderate in length,
with the first and second joints equal, clothed with long erect
hairs above and long dense and coarse hairs beneath, and the an-
terior tibiz have a few long slender external spines. The maxil-
lary palpi are long, with the last joint large and in the form of a
right-angled triangle, about twice as long as wide, the terminal
joint of the labial palpi being moderately dilated and transversely
truncate at apex. The antenne are long, serrate, with the joints
elongate and acutely pointed internally at apex, and the eyes are
large, entire, sparsely setose and with the facets very large and
convex. The epistoma is large, bisinuate at base, coriaceous at
apex, and the labrum strongly transverse, arcuately truncate at
tip and with the surface somewhat impressed at the apex. The
epipleurz are moderate in width, flat and horizontal, with the
plane gradually inflexed posteriorly, not attaining the apex of the
elytra.
The two species may be distinguished as follows :—

Eyes separated on the front by much less than twice their own width; pro-

thorax very much narrower than the elytra.....................055 1. testaceus
Eyes very much smaller, separated on the front by nearly three times their own
width; prothorax almost as wide as the elytra..................... 2. lecontei

The punctures of the head and pronotum are coarse, irregular,
sparse and unevenly distributed, and each is excavated in the
summit of an elevated tubercle, this form being evidently evolved
gradually from the asperate puncture, having its anterior margin
elevated.

This genus seems to be confined largely to the desert regions
of southern Arizona.

1. R. testaceus Lec.—Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., N. Y., V, p. 212.

Elongate, subparallel, strongly convex, pale brown in color,
the antenne, legs and under surface, except the sterna, still paler
and more flavate; integuments shining and smooth between the
punctures ; pubescence very long, erect, pale yellowish in color,
rather sparse but very conspicuous on every part of the body
and legs. Head only slightly narrower than the prothorax,
blackish at base; antennz very slender, not incrassate, about
one-half as long as the body. Prothorax transversely elliptical,
fully three-fourths wider than long, the sides parallel and evenly,
strongly arcuate; disk evenly convex, very sparsely and coarsely
punctate. Elytra nearly twice as long as wide and about one-

606 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

half wider than the prothorax, parallel, evenly rounded behind,
rather coarsely, evenly and sparsely perforato-punctate. Length
5.8 mm.; width 2.2 mm.

Arizona,—Cab. LeConte. The specimen described seems to be
a female, the fifth ventral being evenly and broadly rounded be-
hind, the genital segment thin, flat, coriaceous and almost circu-
larly rounded.

2. R. lecontei un. sp.—Oblong-oval, stout and strongly convex, some-
what shining, pale castaneous in color, the legs and antennz throughout paler
and more flavate; pubescence pale, sparse but very long, erect and bristling
from every part, with some shorter and more decumbent hairs of the same
color. Head wider than long, three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, the eyes
at some distance from the base; antennz slender, gradually attenuate toward
apex, not two-fifths as long as the body, the joints elongate, the second much
the smallest. Prothorax three-fourths wider than long, almost evenly ellip-
tical, the sides parallel, evenly and strongly arcuate, and the angles all broadly
rounded and obsolete; apex and base arcuate; lateral edges finely serrulate;
disk evenly convex, coarsely and irregularly punctate, the punctures dense in
parts. £lytra three-fourths longer than wide, slightly wider than the pro-
thorax, parallel and straight at the sides, the apex evenly rounded; sutural
angles right and not in the least blunt; side margins finely reflexed, the con-
cavity with a single series of more pronounced punctures; disk very coarsely
and deeply perforato-punctate, the punctures uneven in size and separated by
but little more than their own widths. Abdomen finely, sparsely punctulate,
the legs long and moderately slender. Length 5.8 mm.; width 2.5 mm.

Arizona (Benson). Mr. Dunn.

The single type before me is evidently a female, the fifth ven-
tral being flat and very evenly rounded behind. This species dif-
fers from testaceus in its stouter form, relatively much larger
prothorax, smaller head with very much smaller eyes, and in its
closer and coarser punctuation.

Since this revision of the Melyridz was written, I have received
a tolerably complete set of the European genera, and find that
there is in general but little affinity with our representatives of
the family, the American species being smaller, duller and much
less conspicuous insects as a rule. The American Dasytes and
Dolichosoma are evidently congeneric with the European, or at
any rate very closely allied, but all our other genera, including
Alvmeris and Eurelymis, are widely different from their most
closely related European analogues.

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 607

SCARAB AID.
POLYPHYLLA Harris.

The species described below is one of the allies of decimlineata.

P. pacifica n. sp.—Oblong-oval, convex, piceous-black, the prothorax
pale and bright red-brown; sterna pale, the abdomen blackish with the pos-
terior half of the fourth and the entire fifth segment red; femora pale rufous,
the tibize and tarsi darker; vestiture much sparser than in decimlineata but al-
most similarly disposed and colored, the yellow scales extremely large and
broad and the oblique white humeral vitta very narrow and rather short, the
submarginal stripe beginning at some distance behind the humeri; pygidium
very sparsely clothed, having large broad scattered yellowish scales inter-
mingled with fine sparse hairs, almost completely glabrous toward apex and
deeply impressed in the middle near the base. Head less than one-half as
wide as the prothorax, the clypeus truncate with obtuse angles, broadly arcuate
toward the middle; punctures deep and well separated; antennal club nearly
three-fifths as long as the entire stem. Prothorax quite distinctly more than
twice as wide as long, broadly subangulate at the sides just behind the middle,
the apex slightly more than two-thirds as wide as the base; disk coarsely and
very sparsely punctate, finely, densely so and covered densely with white
scales along the impressed median line and in a small discal spot at lateral
fifth and just behind the middle. dytra one-half longer than wide, two-fifths
wider than the prothorax, the sides parallel and rather strongly arcuate.
Length 25.0 mm.; width 13.6 mm.

California.

This species differs from decimlineata in coloration, in its smaller
size and rather stouter form, sparser and very much broader
scales, very much shorter, broader and more sparsely clothed
pygidium, shorter and stouter hind femora and numerous other
features. It is represented by a single female from the Levette
cabinet.

THYCE Lec.

The following species differs widely from any other thus far
discovered in the form of the prothorax :—

T. pistoria n. sp.—Stout, oval and convex, pale brownish-testaceous
throughoxt, the vestiture short, white and very dense, the hairs slightly stout
but not at all squamiform, denser near the sides of the pronotum and ex-
tremely dense on the scutellum, slightly denser on the pygidium than on the
elytra, intermingled on the head and pronotum with numerous fine erect and
pale silky hairs, the latter extremely long and dense beneath throughout the
extent of the sterna; abdomen uniformly clothed like the elytra but sparsely
so along the middle, especially near the apex. Head scarcely more than two-
fifths as wide as the prothorax, the clypeus broadly arcuato-truncate and feebly

608 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

reflexed at apex, the angles broadly obtuse and rounded; antennal club well
developed and as long as the first four joints of the stem, the fourth palpal
joint twice as long as wide, obliquely pointed, excavated as usual and just
one-half as long as the antennal club. Prothorax scarcely more than one-half
wider than long, the apex not more than two-thirds as wide as the base, the
sides strongly convergent and only very feebly arcuate from base to apex, just
visibly more prominent a little before the middle; apex feebly emarginate; base
strongly and arcuately lobed in the middle, the basal angles rounded; disk
rather finely, indistinctly and densely punctate. Elytra but slightly longer
than wide and nearly one-half wider than the prothorax, the sides parallel and
somewhat strongly arcuate; disk feebly and not very densely punctate. Pygi-
dium three-fifths wider than long, moderately convex. Abdominal segments
connate, the fifth alone free as usual. Length 19.0 mm.; width 10.5 mm.

California (Los Angeles). Mr. Rivers.

This species may be distinguished at once by the outline and
size of the prothorax, the sides being straighter and more con-
vergent from base to apex than in any other known tome. I
have before me only a single male, another perfectly similar speci-
men being at present in the cabinet of Mr. Rivers.

VT. riversi n. sp.—Oblong-oval, convex, somewhat shining, pale brownish-
testaceous throughout, the knees minutely blackish; body clothed rather
sparsely with fine decumbent yellowish hairs, denser along the median line
and toward the sides of the pronotum; head, pronotum, sterna and femora
clothed in addition with long erect and conspicuous yellowish pile. Head
much less than one-half as wide as the prothorax, the clypeus narrowed at
base, strongly concave, broadly arcuato-truncate at apex with the angles blunt
and rounded; antennze well developed, the club almost as long as the stem;
fourth palpal joint rather small, excavated, two-fifths as long as the antennal
club. Prothorax slightly less than twice as wide as long, broadly subangulate
at the sides just behind the middle, the angle rounded, the disk at this point
much wider than at base; apex two-thirds as wide as the base, broadly, cir-
cularly emarginate, the base arcuately lobed in the middle, the angles obtuse
but very distinct and only slightly blunt; disk rather coarsely deeply closely
and distinctly punctate. Elytra nearly one-fourth longer than wide, fully
two-fifths wider than the prothorax; sides parallel, somewhat arcuate toward
apex, the latter very broadly arcuato-truncate; disk somewhat coarsely,
sparsely, unevenly and rather feebly punctate, the sculpture finer and denser
along the suture. Pygidium feebly transverse, moderately convex, rather
finely but subrugosely punctate, sparsely pubescent, subglabrous near the apex.
Length 20.0-23.0 mm.; width 10.0-12.0 mm.

California (Los Angeles).

The description given above is drawn from the male, and the
female, judging from a specimen before me, is larger, with the
vestiture rather dense, the antennal club being oval and but

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 609

slightly more than twice as long as wide. In one respect riversi
differs from all the other members of this genus, the female being
more densely and conspicuously clothed than the male; it is pos-
sible, however, in spite of general facies, that this female does not
really belong to the same species, especially as the basal angles of
the prothorax are broadly rounded. The hairs are much finer
than usual.

The two examples in my cabinet were kindly communicated by
Mr. J. J. Rivers, who possesses a considerable series.

These species should both be placed between carpenteri and
squamicollis in the table previously published by me (Col. Not.
rp. £70).

It is impossible to properly associate the males and females in
this genus unless they be collected at the same time and place,
and it is consequently seldom prudent to base a species upon the
female alone.

XYLORYCTES Hope.

X. faunus n. sp.—Moderately stout, strongly convex, polished, black
throughout above, dark red-brown beneath, the tibiz and tarsi somewhat
piceous in tinge; under surface clothed with long brownish-red hair, the upper
surface and pygidium glabrous.

Male—Head less than one-third as wide as the prothorax, the clypeal apex
reflexed and bilobed; dorsal horn nearly in satyrus but shorter. Prothorax
three-fourths wider than long, widest near the middle, the sides rounded,
‘Strongly convergent, anteriorly; discal declivity beginning at the middle when
viewed from above, deep, somewhat excavated, it posterior margin prominent
but rounded in the middle, its surface covered sparsely with transversely sub-
crescentiform punctures, the posterior elevated surface coarsely and densely
punctured anteriorly at the sides. Elytra nearly as long as wide, equal in
width to the prothorax and twice as long, obsoletely striato-punctate. Pygid-
ium two and one-half times as wide as long.

Female—Scarcely at all narrower than the male, the head nearly as in saty-
rus. Prothorax two-thirds wider than long, evenly convex but feebly im-
pressed and more densely and roughly punctured near each apical angle; sides
evenly convergent and broadly arcuate from near the base, the basal angles
broadly rounded. Elytra very nearly as long as wide, more deeply striate than
in the male, the pygidium more canaliculate along the lower margin.

Length 28.0-30.0 mm.; width 15.0 mm.

Arizona.

This species differs from satyrus in its narrower and more
elongate form. The male differs from the corresponding sex of
satyrus in having the vertical wall of the thoracic depression

610 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

begin at the middle of the length instead of just behind apical
third when viewed purpendicularly, and the female differs from
the female of that species in its less transverse prothorax, with
the sides evenly convergent and rounded throughout and in its
relatively longer elytra. Three specimens.

Satyrus was attracted abundantly to the electric lights at Aus-
tin, Texas, in June some years since; both sexes are quite con-
stant in form through a large series.

TENEBRIONID 4%.
CONIONTIS Esch.

The following singular form may be placed near subpubescens
in the table published by the writer some years ago (Col. Not.
II, p. 372).

C. globulima n. sp.—Short and broadly oblong-oval, strongly convex,
dull, clothed sparsely with rather long decumbent yellowish hairs, black, the
legs dark piceo-rufous; elytra strongly descending posteriorly in profile.
Head a little less than one-half as wide as the prothorax, finely feebly and
sparsely punctate, the epistomal sinus moderately deep; antennze about as
long as the prothorax, stout, black, pale at apex and toward base. Prothorax
a little less than twice as wide as long, the apex scarcely two-thirds as wideas
the base, the sides very evenly arcuate; basal angles rounded and but slightly
posteriorly oblique at base; apical angles broadly rounded, the apex moder-
ately emarginate in circular arc; disk rather finely but strongly, moderately
sparsely and almost equally punctate throughout from side to side; marginal
bead fine. Elytra, viewed perpendicularly, very short, not as long as wide and
not twice as long as the prothorax, deeply vertical in profile toward apex,
very finely, feebly, sparsely punctate and feebly, indefinitely uneven and
opaque; epipleurz narrow, gradually hollowed toward base and apex. Legs
rather long. Propleurze longitudinally wrinkled and polished. Length 6.6
mm.; width 3.7-4.3 mm.

California (Tahichipi Pass). Mr. Wickham.

Recognizable at a glance by its peculiar short broad form, dull
and feebly punctate surface and distinct pubescence. ‘Two speci-
mens.

C. farallonica n. sp.—Elongate, subelliptical, moderately convex, the
sides parallel; integuments polished throughout, subglabrous, each puncture
with a very small hair; color piceous-black, often pale castaneous from imma-~
turity; legs not distinctly paler; antenne rufous, more flavate toward tip.
Head two-fifths as wide as the prothorax, strongly coarsely and somewhat
closely punctured, the epistomal sinus distinct and circularly rounded; anten-

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 611

nz slender, distinctly shorter than the prothorax, the eighth joint as long as wide,
tenth transverse, third one-half longer than the fourth. Prothorax three-
fourths wider than long, the apex two-thirds as wide as the base; sides feebly
convergent and almost straight from the base to about apical third, then
broadly rounded to the apical angles, which are rounded and blunt, the apex
broadly emarginate in circular are; base straight, distinctly oblique posteriorly
toward the sides, the angles rather acute and prominent; disk strongly and
coarsely but not densely punctate toward the sides, gradually much more
finely and remotely so toward the middle; marginal bead thick and rounded.
Elytra one-half longer than wide, two and one-half times as long as the pro-
thorax and equal in width to the latter, the sides parallel and nearly straight;
apical two-fifths evenly ogival; disk feebly uneven, strongly so toward apex,
where the coarse but rather sparse punctures bear somewhat long decumbent
hairs; punctures equally coarse throughout, the surface highly polished. Ab-
domen distinctly but sparsely punctate, the posterior legs long. Length 10.0—
11.5 mm. ; width 4.75-5.0 mm.

California (Farallone Islands). Mr. Fuchs.

By certain reflections the elytra seem to have each three fine
feeble and irregular raised lines in addition to the other sculpture. :
Six specimens.

This species may be placed between viatica and eschscholtzi in
thetable before mentioned, differing from the former in its coarse
sculpture, and from the latter in its much narrower form, polished
pronotum and many other characters. The Farallone Islands are
about thirty miles from San Francisco and are in deep water.

CaELUS Esch.

A revision of this genus, together with a description of the larva
of C. ciliatus, was given in the first part of the present series of
papers (p. 178), and the classification suggested below si based
largely upon the characters there employed. The species of
Ceelus are becoming moderately numerous, as the search for them
becomes more systematic, and the six known to me at present
may be recognized by the following differential statement :—
Epistoma deeply sinuate, the sides anteriorly prominent though rounded.

Antennal club subquadriarticulate; pronotum sparsely and less coarsely

punctate, with large impunctate areas; body very large....grossus Csy.

Antennal club triarticulate; pronotum coarsely and somewhat closely punc-

tate throughout; body much smaller...............sesceeeeeees globosus Lec.
Epistoma very broadly and feebly sinuate; the sides broadly rounded and not
anteriorly prominent.

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Sct., VIII, Sept., 1895.—42

=

612 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

Pronotal punctures rather coarse, sparse and unevenly disposed, the surface
wholly impunctate in large areas before the middle of the disk.
arenarius Csy.
Pronotal punctures coarse and rather close-set throughout the disk, though
unevenly distributed; body very much more broadly oval...latus n. sp.
Pronotal punctures fine and sparse, somewhat evenly distributed over the
entire disk.
Body elongate-oval; sides of the prothorax rather feebly arcuate.
ciliatus Esch.
Body short and broad, the elytral asperities smaller, more distinctly de-
fined and more isolated; sides of the prothorax strongly arcuate; head
relatively smallenimysiZG.cs--sere.-<- sen oaees cree ste << eones curtulus n. sp.

All of the species have long coarse hair well developed along
the sides of the body, its function probably being to maintain the
spiracles free from sand while burrowing.

C. latus.—Very broadly oblong-elliptical, moderately convex, polished,
deep black, the legs dark piceo-rufous; palpi and antenne paler, testaceous,
the labrum blackish; pubescence very short, sparse, yellowish, becoming
long at the sides of the body, short and very stiff on the legs. Head not two-
fifths as wide as the prothorax, coarsely and densely punctured, less closely so
on the epistoma, subimpunctate toward base, the epistomal suture marked by
a deep transverse channel; apical sinuation very broad and feeble; antennze
with the club three-jointed and feeble, the joints strongly transverse, the last
narrower as usual. Prothorax distinctly more than twice as wide as long;
apex one-half as wide as the base and deeply emarginate, the angles narrowly
rounded; sides strongly convergent from the base, arcuate, more strongly so at
base, the basal angles obliterated; base transverse and almost rectilinear
throughout, with the usual fine coriaceous margin; disk coarsely deeply and
conspicuously punctate, the punctures generally rather close-set but uneven in
distribution. E/ytra barely as long as wide, about twice as long as the pro-
thorax, coarsely asperate and polished. Length 7.7 mm.; width 4.8 mm.

California (San Diego).

At first sight this species might be mistaken for globosus, but
may be readily distinguished by its very much more broadly
rounded form and very shallow epistomal sinus.

C. curtulus.—Broad and oblong-oval, convex, polished, the elytra dull
toward apex, black, the under surface and legs dark rufo-piceous, the trophi
and antennee still paler and rufous; surface glabrous except posteriorly and at
the sides of the body. Head rather small, barely two-fifths as wide as the pro-
thorax, roughly sculptured, the epistoma smoother, the suture deep; apical
sinus broad and feeble but stronger than in ciliatus; labrum feebly sinuato-
truncate at apex. Prothorax short and transverse, slightly more than twice
as wide as its greatest length, the apex more than one-half as wide as the base;

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 613

sides strongly arcuate; disk rather finely but strongly, sparsely punctate, more
densely so and somewhat scabrous toward the sides. Elytra short, not quite as
long as wide, equal in width to the prothorax, broadly rounded behind, the
asperities moderate in size, feeble toward base, closer and stronger toward
apex. Length 5.5 mm.; width 3.4 mm.

California (San Francisco).

In ciliatus the prothorax is less strongly narrowed from base
to apex, not more than twice as wide as its maximum length and
is scarcely more than twice as wide as the head, and the elytra
are much more densely asperate. The proportions of the typical
ciliatus are 6.5 by 3.8mm. I have carefully collected large colo-
nies of ciliatus, and believe that there are several forms which
are at least racial or varietal, some localities yielding specimens
of avery much larger average size than others, with differences
in color, relative size of the head, sculpture and other minor fea-
tures.

EUSATTUS Lec.

The following species is allied to dubius Lec., differing in its
smaller size and dull integuments :—

Eu. nanus n. sp.—Oblong-oval, strongly convex, dull, the pronotum
more shining and simply alutaceous, deep black, the antennz, labrum, trophi
and tarsi dark rufous, subglabrous, each puncture bearing a very small de-
cumbent hair more noticeable near the sides of the pronotum, the hypomera
with long projecting hairs near the edges. Head one-half as wide as the pro-
thorax, strongly but not very densely punctate, the occiput impunctate; epi-
stoma moderately sinuate in the middle, the margin abruptly reflexed; antennz
slender. Prothorax twice as wide as long, the apex deeply emarginate and
three-fifths as wide as the base, the latter deeply bisinuate, with the angles
posteriorly acute and prominent; apical angles advanced and narrowly rounded;
sides evenly and rather strongly rounded; basal margin with a fringe of very
short yellowish hairs; disk finely and sparsely punctate, narrowly reflexo-ex-
planate at the sides, the punctures very minute and feeble toward the middle.
Elytra quite distinctly longer than wide, slightly more than twice as long as
the prothorax and barely as wide, subovate, the sides arcuate; apex broadly
rounded, the apical margin feebly subexplanate; disk slightly uneven, finely
sparsely and submuricately punctured. Epipleure narrow throughout, glab-
rous, sparsely wrinkled, deeply impressed near the apex, the outer margin de-
scending. Abdomen finely granulato-reticulate, convex, alutaceous, very finely
feebly and sparsely punctulate, each puncture bearing a small decumbent hair;
legs sparsely and coarsely sculptured, the femora sparsely and coarsely pubes-
cent. Length 6.0-8.0 mm.; width 3.4-4.8 mm.

California (Kern Co.).

614 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

One of the smallest species of the genus, distinguishable from
dubius by its duller and blacker integuments, much less deeply
sinuate epistoma and by its relatively less transverse and abbre-
viated prothorax, which, in dubius, is about one-third as long as
the elytra. In nanus the sides of the prothorax are much less
convergent anteriorly than in dubius,and the general form of the
body is shorter and broader.

CONISATTUS nb. gen.

Body oblong, subglabrous, the antenne long and slender, the
anterior tibize produced externally at apex and the base of the
prothorax transverse and straight, becoming feebly and _ poster-
iorly oblique near the sides

This genus is closely allied to Eusattus, differing in the trans-
verse and not bisinuate base of the prothorax ; it is founded upon
a single small species which may be described as follows :—

C. rectus n. sp.—Oblong, strongly convex, rather dull, blackish-castane-
ous in color, the elytral suture narrowly rufescent; legs dark rufous; antennz
and trophi paler and more flavate; integuments subglabrous, the punctures
toward the sides of the upper surface bearing short inconspicuous hairs, the
outer edge of the epipleurze with a long fringe visible toward base, the under
surface of the the concave and longitudinally rugose propleure without long
hairs; basal margin of the pronotum completely devoid of hairs, the apical
margin with an extremely short fringe. Head nearly one-half as wide as the
prothorax, convex and declivous, feebly impressed at the middle of the vertex,
finely but strongly, sparsely punctate, more finely and densely so anteriorly,
the epistomal suture obsolete except at the sides, the apical margin feebly re-
flexed only at the sides, feebly sinuate at the middle; antenne slender, not
quite as long as the head and prothorax, the joints elongate, third only slightly
longer than four to seven, club gradual and feeble, ninth joint longer than
wide, the tenth wider than long, eleventh oval and slightly elongate; mentum
flat, transverse, emarginate in circular arc; ligula angularly emarginate; last
joint of the maxillary palpi elongate, obliquely truncate at apex; eyes half
divided. Prothorax not quite twice as wide as long, the apex deeply emargin-
ate and two-thirds as wide as the base; apical angles advanced but obtuse, the
basal right and slightly blunt, not prominent; sides evenly arcuate; disk
rather wider at basal third than at base, strongly, somewhat irregularly but
not densely punctate near the sides, finely sparsely and feebly so toward the
middle; side margins very narrowly subexplanate and not beaded. Seutellum
triangular. Elytra longer than wide, barely as wide as the prothorax and be-
tween two and three times as long, the sides feebly arcuate; apex slightly
produced and conjointly narrowly rounded; disk finely wrinkled and with
small moderately close-set, submuricate punctures. Abdomen polished, sparsely

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 615

but rather strongly punctured and somewhat pubescent; legs rather long, the
tarsi long and slender, the first joint of the anterior simple. Length 6.8 mm. ;
width 3.3 mm.

Oregon (Squally Hill). Mr. Schwarz.

The epipleurz are moderately wide, inclined in plane, gradually
very narrow to the apex, sparsely punctate and glabrous.

CadELOCNEMIS Mann.

C. sulcata n. sp.—Elongate and moderately stout, strongly convex, deep
black and dull throughout. Head one-half as wide as the prothorax, truncate
at apex, minutely feebly and sparsely punctate throughout; antennz about as
Jong as the prothorax, dull, minutely punctulate,each puncture bearing a min-
ute decumbent hair, third joint one-half longer than the fourth and scarcely
more than twice as long as wide, eleventh joint wider than long, very obliquely
pointed, the sensitive pores distinct and close-set. Prothorax not quite as long
as wide, widest at the middle where the sides are broadly angulate, thence
broadly arcuate and feebly convergent to the apex and slightly more conver-
gent and broadly, evenly and very feebly sinuate throughout to the base, the
the latter truncate and slightly narrower than the apex, which is also truncate
with the angles broadly rounded; basal angles slightly acute and prominent,
not rounded; disk extremely minutely but deeply punctate, the punctures
rather sparse, distinct under sufficient power and each lying within a large
feeble dent of the surface, the latter producing a very obsoletely rugose ap-
pearance. Llytra oval, not quite twice as long as wide, two and one-half
times as long as the prothorax and about one-fourth wider, arcuate at the
sides, the apex feebly produced and conjointly, evenly parabolic; disk finely
but deeply sulcate, the sulci minutely, not closely punctate, the intervals con-
vex, nearly smooth and extremely finely, sparsely punctulate. Legs long and
sparsely punctate; tibize densely and compactly fulvo-pubescent within toward
apex as usual, the tarsi similarly clothed beneath. Length 26.0-28.0 mm. ;
width 9.0-10.0 mm.

Utah (southwestern). Mr. C. J. Weidt.

This distinct species differs from punctata in its much larger
size, sulcate elytra and finer sculpture. According to Mr. Weidt
it occupies a very different station from punctata, one being found
only in the low sun-scorched plains, and the other in the high
moist wooded regions.

BLAPStTINI.

There are several elements useful in the classification of the
genera of Blapstini, which, although apparently trivial in them-
selves, are undoubtedly sound with the limits of this particular
group of genera. The two to which attention should be parti-

616 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

cularly drawn are: the form of the basal margin of the prothorax,
and the presence or absence of a fringe of setz along the lateral
edges of the body. A mere casual inspection of the numerous
species of Blapstinus, and of the otherwise evidently distinct
though fewer representatives of Mecysmus, will show that the
bisinuate form of base is perfectly constant throughout the
former, and that the transversely rectilinear form is equally per-
sistent in the latter; consequently it must be evident that the
form of the base is of great importance, and the separation of
Cybotus and Aconobius on this feature alone would be more than
amply justified, irrespective of the profound ditferences in habi-
tus distinguishing both of these genera. Cybotus is however
further characterized by an abnormality of palpal structure, and
Aconobius by the presence of a dense fringe along the sides of
the body, which, in conjunction with its peculiar antenne, gives
it a very striking facies.

The marginal fringe is chiefly important in discriminating cer-
tain wingless genera, which constitute the division with connate
elytra and abbreviated scutellum. Its importance is demonstrated
by its absolute constancy throughout those polytypic genera
which happen to possess it, such as Ulus and Notibius, and there
ean be no doubt that it is an important generic character, prob-
ably developed by reason of changes in the life-habits of the
species. The characters here used to separate Nocibiotes, Toni-
bius and Tonibiastes are based upon types of elytral sculpture,
bodily facies and antennal structure, which are invariable through-
out the respective genera where enough species are known to test
their constancy, and it is probable that these genera will ulti-
mately hold good. Conibius,as here defined, is still somewhat
heterogeneous, containing three subgeneric types as noted below.

The genera of Blapstini may be separated as follows :-—
Seutellum triangular, separating the elytra at base, the hind wings frequently

well developed and the anterior tarsi of the male dilated as a rule.

Base of the prothorax bisinuate.

Anterior tibize bent; vestiture dual in structure............... Trichoton
Anterior tibiz straight; pubescence simple.
Body generally oval, fimbriate at the sides; anterior tibiz produced

extemally ath apexes doce ce. < ta cakaclseceen eee een reaaeannn nes Ulus
Body usually oblong or oblong-oval, the sides not fimbriate; anterior
ETS Si PE 5. ox 235; eos bones ea ss sees oe oxo eee eepene eee Blapstinus.

Base of the prothorax not bisinuate.

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 617

The base straight and as wide as that of the elytra; body broadly oval
ANCISEPOUSIVICOUN GE Sreseeter oss cece cieors codes char epapoente oer atts Cybotus
The base straight and narrower than that of the elytra; body elongate
ANG SHC CPYCHSCM sete ae Sees dees te Seeds betcsosrcdereescsreenctee: Mecysmus
The base evenly arcuate; body narrow and convex, densely fimbriate at
POWER 7 ete sce, setce see ate ap sa sbshcvaiieprepeanssesceas ees Aconobius
Scutellum very short and broad, not entering the disk of the elytra; body
always completely apterous, the anterior tarsi never dilated in the male.
Prothorax not at all fimbriate at the sides.
Elytra not sulcate, the antennz stout, generally feebly and very gradu-
ally incrassate toward tip and without an abrupt club...... Conibius
Elytra sulcate.
Antennz with an abrupt three-jointed club; elytral intervals convex

PTI HRD CRAD conection gn Ase sesaanesesenaed occneade os dons snep box Nocibiotes
Antennz with a feebly differentiated club; elytral intervals convex and
simply punctate; prothorax not narrowed behind......... Tonibius
Antenne not described; elytral intervals acutely costiform; prothorax
TAU OM CORBEHINC rene ncsp act cars cleescpsapretaeersare od Tonibiastes

Prothorax densely fimbriate along the lateral edges.
Anterior tibize narrow and non-fossorial; body narrow and parallel.

; Conibiosoma
Anterior tibiz broadly triangular and compressed ; body stout and oblong-
OE ie a ee EAE TEAC POOR CELE PEE EPEC ECE PED Notibius

In this table the first five genera and Conibiosoma remain with
the scope originally given them (Col. Not. II, p. 409). Aconobius
is founded upon Conithiosoma laciniata (Col. Not. III, p. 64),
and Tonibiastes has for its type Notibius costipennis Horn, re-
cently described from Lower California (Col. Baja Cal., p. 430).
The other genera are separately alluded to below.

The scheme of classification originally followed and more re-
cently maintained by Dr. Horn for this tribe, can scarcely be
regarded as coming within the domain of scientific taxonomy and
will ultimately have to be discarded.

CONIBIUS Lec.

The species of this genus can be assigned to three subgenera,
which are widely distinct among themselves in point of general
appearance, as follows :—

Head parallel at the sides near the base; basal angles of the prothorax not
rounded and nearly right.

Body parallel, the elytra subequal in width to the prothorax................. I

Body oval the elytra inflated and much wWide?................-..csceeeceecceeeeees II
Head prominent at the sides before the eyes; body stout, parallel and oblong;

basal angles of the prothorax obtuse and bluntly rounded..................... III

618 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

The species are moderately numerous and those known to me
may be readily identified by the following characters :—

Subgenus I.
Conibius Lec.
Humeral angles of the elytra more or less distinctly prominent.
Body narrow and elongate; pronotum densely punctate... parallelus Lec.
Body less slender, the elytra more deflexed and vertical at apex
Bicolored, the pronotum sparsely punctured toward the middle.
seriatus Lec.
Unicolorous, the pronotum more coarsely and densely punctured; body
MearhyabwiCeaslAaree-e.-secsersasee see rosceoeceeee eee suadalupensis Csy.
Humeral angles rounded or at least obtuse.
Antenne moderately long; prothorax nearly one-half wider than long and
very feebly narrowed toward base....................sc0+e+eee uniformis Csy.
Antenne shorter; prothorax much more transverse, four-fifths wider than
long, strongly narrowed toward hbase, the side margins narrowly sub-
EX PLAMALST s:f cvs serie ae cee esate a Tote aR ee rene oar eeE tee brunnipes Champ.

Subgenus II.
. Ooconibius n. sg.
Elytra oval, the lateral edges visible throughout from above and finely re-
flexed, more noticeably so near the base and toward apex...... opacus Lec.

Subgenus ITI.
Euconibius n. sg.

Pronotum broadly subexplanate toward the sides; fine side margins of the
elytra visible throughout from above as usual but not reflexed.
gagates Horn
Notibius reflexus, recently described by Dr. Horn from Lower
California (Col. Baja Cal., p. 429), cannot be distinguished from
opacus by any detail given in the original diagnosis.

NOCIBIOTENS ». gen.

The species of this genus have a characteristic facies, which will
render their identification tolerably certain. The six representa-
tives known to me may be recognized by the following table :—

Basal angles of the prothorax rather broadly oblique at the base, large and
posteriorly prominent ; pronotum more obscurely sculptured, the sides
less rounded.

Third antennal joint fully twice as long as wide.
Elytral sulci deep; legs rather slender.
Pronotum somewhat coarsely and very closely punctured.
sranulatus Lec.

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 619

Pronotum finely and much less densely punctured; body small, the

base of the prothorax strongly bisinuate............... gracilis n. sp.

Elytral sulci shallow; body broader, the legs very stout; pronotal pune-

tures much finer than in granulatus and rather well separated, the in-

UETS PACES (AU Ocaceacea soeiaercls sees ss cease seca ae cee ceseeeene se crassipes Csy.

Third antennal joint distinctly less than twice as long as wide; pronotal

punctures rather coarse but somewhat separated, the basal angles very

ACTHLC Sessa ssctreeissen seadletate tects sis ere snoeeonersnonaeas sectabe cabeseees acutus n. sp.

Basal angles small and only feebly prominent posteriorly, the disk much

more finely, deeply, sparsely and distinctly punctured, less transverse

and more rounded at the sides.

Elytra in the female individually produced at apex, forming two processes
separated by a narrow deep incisure; antennze long.

caudatus n. sp.

Elytra not produced at apex, the antennz much shorter...ruDripes n. sp.

In the first group the form of the body is nearly parallel, with
the elytra subequal in width to the prothorax, while in the second
section the elytra are distinctly wider and are suboval in form.

As far as known, this genus is confined to the arid regions of
southern California and Arizona.

N. gracilis.—Somewhat narrow, moderately convex, dull, black, the
under surface rufo-piceous anteriorly; head rufescent toward apex; labrum,
antenn and legs brownish-rufous; surface virtually glabrous, the elytra with
minute stiff inclined setze toward the sides. Head three-fourths as wide as the
prothorax, scabro-punctate, deeply sinuate at the middle of the clypeal
margin; antennz scarcely as long as the head and prothorax, the second joint
quadrate, third rather more than twice as long as wide, fourth distinctly
elongate, five to eight equal, quadrate, nine to eleven abruptly much wider,
forming a parallel three-jointed club, the tenth moderately transverse, the
eleventh rounded and only just visibly narrower. Prothoraxz about one-third
wider than long, widest before the middle, the sides feebly arcuate, becoming
convergent and perfectly straight toward base; apex broadly, circularly sinuate,
the angles obtusely rounded; base transverse, subequal to the apex, strongly
bisinuate, the angles posteriorly acute and prominent; disk rather indistinctly
punctate, impressed at the posterior margin along the sinuations, not at all
explanate laterally, the punctures elongate-oval, shallow, distinctly separated,
well defined along their anterior margins, the posterior more indefinite, be-
coming larger and more isolated toward base; interspaces finely, evenly and
strongly granulato-reticulate. Elytra scarcely one-half longer than wide,
twice as long as the prothorax and subequal in width, the sides broadly arcu-
ate, the apex gradually acutely ogival; sulci deep, with moderately distant
shallow punctures, the convex intervals asperulate. Abdomen finely, sparsely
punctate, the propleurze with short sparse longitudinal cariniform elevations;
legs moderate in length, the femora stout and inflated toward tip, the tibize
slender. Length 3.8 mm.; width 1.3 mm.

620 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

California (Indio). Mr. Wickham.

Allied to granulatus Lec., but very much smaller, with much
finer and feebler pronotal sculpture and more deeply bisinuate
pronotal base, much more finely and sparsely sculptured pro-
pleurze and several other characters. It is described from the fe-
male, and has been compared with the corresponding sex of gran-
ulatus.

N. acutus.— Moderately stout and convex, somewhat dull, black; head
and edges of the pronotum rufescent; antennze and legs brownish-rufous; in-
teguments subglabrous. Head three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, nearly
one-half wider than long, the sides parallel, rather abruptly and strongly con-
vergent before the middle, the apical margin moderately sinuate in the middle;
surface somewhat coarsely, densely scabro-punctate, more sparsely granose
toward apex; antennz a little shorter than the head and prothorax, the third
joint distinctly less than twice as long as wide and shorter than the next two
combined, fourth distinctly elongate, five to eight slightly decreasing in length,
the former quadrate, the latter wider than long, club abrupt, the eleventh
joint much narrower than the tenth. Prothorax two-fifths wider than long,
widest before the middle, the sides very feebly arcuate, becoming straight pos-
teriorly, the apex extremely feebly sinuate in circular arc, almost truncate,
the angles broadly obtuse and rounded; base equal to the apex, transverse and
feebly arcuate, becoming perceptibly sinuate near the angles, which are acute
and prominent but scarcely projecting posteriorly beyond the median parts;
disk rather coarsely, somewhat deeply and conspicuously punctate, the punc-
tures oval, well separated and distinctly defined, each bearing a very short
decumbent hair; interspaces rather smooth and alutaceous, obscurely granu-
lato-reticulate. Elytra about one-half longer than wide, twice as long as the
prothorax and scarcely wider, the sides parallel and feebly arcuate; apex con-
jointly acutely ogival; sulci deep and rather closely punctate, the intervals
dull, densely granulato-reticulate and sparsely asperate. Abdomen sparsely
punctate, the propleurze moderately coarsely and densely scabrous. Length
4.0 mm.; width 1.45 mm.

Arizona.

The type is a male, having the anterior tibiz rather stout, bent
inward at apex and feebly prominent on the inner margin just
behind the middle, the abdomen feebly impressed, more coarsely
and closely punctate and more noticeably pubescent in the middle
toward base, and the fifth segment broadly, feebly impressed.

This species differs from granulatus principally in its shorter
form, much shorter and stouter anterior tibiz in the male, coarser,
sparser and more distinct pronotal punctures, and in its decidedly
shorter third and narrower eleventh antennal joints.

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 621

N. caudatus.—Elongate-suboval, strongly convex, somewhat shining but
alutaceous, black; legs dark rufous, the antennze rufo-piceous; integuments
subglabrous, the pronotal punctures bearing minute decumbent hairs and the
elytral asperities bearing much inclined coarse sete, which are quite distinct
toward the sides. Head scarcely two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, slightly
transverse, with rather small, deep, distinct and separated punctures, the
apical emargination broad and subangulate; antennz long, fully as long as the
head and prothorax, the third joint much more than twice as long as wide and
rather longer than the next two, club only shghtly abrupt, the penultimate
joints nearly as long as wide, the eleventh not narrower. Prothorax feebly
transverse, barely two-fifths wider than long, widest somewhat before the
middle but with the sides evenly and feebly arcuate throughout, not becoming
straight posteriorly, just visibly sinuate for a very short distance before the
basal angles which are right, not rounded and scarcely at all posteriorly prom-
inent, the base transverse, becoming very feebly sinuate near the basal angles;
apex quite distinctly narrower than the base, very evenly emarginate in cir-
cular are, the angles distinct and only slightly blunt; disk evenly smooth and
convex, finely, deeply evenly and somewhat sparsely punctate, the punctures
becoming gradually a little coarser, denser and less defined toward the sides;
interspaces shining. Elytra fully three-fifths longer than wide, more than
twice as long as the prothorax, and, in the middle, one-fourth wider; sides
evenly arcuate; humeri broadly rounded, not exposed; apex acutely and grad-
ually ogival, each elytron produced in a short punctate and pubescent caudal
appendage; sulci deep, punctate, the intervals each with a single even series
of coarse asperities. Abdomen convex, shining, distinctly but sparsely punc-
tate, the propleurz longitudinally rugose; legs rather long, the femora only

feebly inflated toward apex. Length 5.8 mm.; width 1.9 mm.

Arizona.
The type of this distinct species is a female, the anterior tibiz
and abdomen being unmodified, the fifth segment of the latter

nearly flat and almost semi-circular.

N. rubripes.—Moderately slender and convex, strongly alutaceous,
black, the head rufescent anteriorly; antennz infuscate in the middle; legs
rufous throughout; integuments subglabrous. Head fully two-thirds as wide
as the prothorax, broadly, angularly emarginate at apex, densely punctate; an-
tenn not as long as the head and prothorax, the third joint about twice as
long as wide, the club but slightly abrupt, the tenth joint distinctly trans-
verse. Prothorax nearly as in caudatus, the punctures slightly coarser and dis-
tinctly denser. Elytra scarcely more than one-half longer than wide, twice
as long as the prothorax and nearly one-fourth wider, otherwise as in caudatus,
except that the apices are not at all produced posteriorly. Abdomen strongly
but not very closely punctate. Length 4.5 mm.; width 1.7 mm.

Arizona. Mr. Wickham.
The type of this species is also a female, and is very closely

622 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

allied to caudatus, differing in the shorter, non-caudate elytra,
denser punctures of the head and pronotum, coarser abdominal
punctuation, shorter antennze and smaller size. The type is
from a locality in Arizona, widely different from that of caudatus,
and there is reason to believe that the caudal process in the latter
is as permanent and invariable a feature as in Hleodes caudifera
Lec.; so there appears to be but little doubt of the validity of
the species.

TONIBIUS n. gen.

The only species which can be referred to this genus for the
present are sulcatus Lec., and alternatus Csy. The latter of these
species is in no sense an abnormal state of the former, of which
I have before me an ample series, no specimen of which displays
any tendency to vary in the direction of the peculiar specific
characters of alternatus. In alternatus the size is materially
greater than is ever attained by sulcatus, and the sculpture of the

pronotum is very much coarser.

NOTIBIUS Lec.

This is a natural and distinctly characterized group of species,
in which the body is stout, oblong and convex, with a dense de-
cumbent fringe along the lateral margins of the prothorax, and
broad fossorial anterior tibiz in both sexes. The four species
may be distinguished at once by the following strongly marked
and constant characters :—

Third antennal joint elongate, gradually and feebly obconical from base to
apex.
Sides of the pronotum broadly reflexo-explanate............puberulus Lec.
Sides not at all or very narrowly subexplanate.
Head parallel at base; apical angles of the prothorax obtuse but evident
externally; pronotum coarsely and deeply punctate.
substriatus Csy.
Head subangularly prominent at base; apical angles of the prothorax
very broadly and transversely rounded; pronotum very finely, feebly
and ‘sparsely punctatesc.cc.cesse-sscc--cc2- ie scecchoseencece eaeee laticeps Csy.
Third antennal joint short, only slightly longer than wide and dilated at apex.
puncticollis Lec.

Of substriatus I have a large series, taken by Mr. Weidt in
southwestern Utah; it extends thence to the elevated plains of
the Mojave Desert in California. Puberulus is represented in

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 623

my cabinet by two perfectly similar specimens from the less ele-
vated desert regions of the extreme southern part of California,
whence it was originally described, and laticeps by four homo-
geneous examples. Puncticollis is more northern in its range in
California.

BoLitoPHAGINI.

The North American genera of this tribe seem to be more con-
veniently divisible into primary groups upon the basis of anten-
nal structure than by the structure of the eyes, and, the occur-
rence of an interesting new type in the Pacific coast region, af-
fords an opportunity to outline their distinguishing characters as
follows :—

Antenne 10-jointed, the third much elongated, tenth perfectly free, the ninth
not emarginate; eyes not divided; prothorax broadly pedunculate at base.

Bolitotherus
Antenne 11-jointed.

Eleventh joint free, the tenth broadly arcuato-truncate at apex; eyes com-
pletely divided.
Pronotum tuberculose; elytra with coarse interrupted ridges.
Bolitophagus
Pronotum punctate; elytra with fine continuous ridges........... Eleates
Eleventh joint set partially within the emarginate apex of the tenth and in
close contact throughout the width; eyes not divided.

Mentum not carinate; elytra with series of tubercles........ Megeleates
Mentum with a strong compressed keel; elytra with fine even ridges.
Eledona

Eledona appears to be of doubtful occurrence in the United
States, but is introduced for comparison.

MEGELEATES n. gen.

Body thick, subcylindric. Head deeply inserted, the apical
margin not reflexed except feebly toward the sides, continuously
and evenly arcuate, obtusely prominent laterally before the eyes,
the latter moderately coarsely faceted and one-half divided. Max-
illary palpi subcylindric in form, the joints in close mutual con-
tact, polished and sparsely punctulate, the last cylindro-conical
and nearly twice as long as the third. Antennal grooves beneath
the eyes moderately deep. Antenne with the third joint only
slightly elongate. Prothorax not in the least pedunculate at base.
Scutellum oval, truncate at base. Epipleure horizontal, rather

624 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

wide and of almost equal width from the base to within a short
distance of the apical angles, where they become rapidly nar-
rowed. Anterior coxe moderately separated, the intermediate
more widely, the process of the mesosternum slightly tumid and
anteriorly excavated to receive the prosternal process; posterior
separated by two-thirds of the coxal width, the abdominal process
broadly rounded. Met-episterna narrow and parallel. Legs short
and stout; tibiz tricarinate externally; tarsi thick, the last joint
of the posterior as long as the preceding three.

M. sequeiarum. 01. sp.—Oblong, strongly convex, opaque throughout,
black and glabrous. Head not coarsely but strongly scabro-punctate, with a
tuberculiform elevation above each eye; antennze as long as the width of the
head, the three outer joints broader and minutely, densely pubescent, joints
before the club triangular, ninth and tenth strongly transverse. Prothorax
fully twice as wide as long, twice as wide as the head, the apex three-fourths
as wide as the base; sides evenly arcuate throughout and strongly crenulate;
apical angles advanced; base arcuate, becoming obliquely sinuate toward the
sides; disk rather abruptly and broadly reflexed toward the sides, covered
with coarse separated tubercles, suleate along the middle, the sides of the sul-
cus becoming carinate anteriorly in the male but simply tumid in the female.
Elytra parallel, subequal in width to the prothorax, about two-fifths longer
than wide, broadly but evenly rounded at apex; side margins slightly promi-
nent, more so and cariniform toward apex, strongly crenulate, not at all re-
flexed; disk vertical at the sides, having regular series of rather coarse, close-
set, opaque tubercles, the intervals each with a series of coarse and rounded
punctures separated by small tubercles; third, fifth and seventh series of
tubercles more prominent, the third especially so toward the summit of the
apical declivity, which is almost verticalin profile. Abdomen strongly and
closely punctate, the legs less coarsely, strongly and very densely punctate.
Length 6.5—7.0 mm.; width 3.4-3.6 mm.

California (Big Trees, Calaveras Co.). Dr. Blaisdell.
The sexual differences are very feeble, the male having the sides
of the pronotal sulcus more prominent and laminate toward apex,

as stated, and the general form of the body sensibly shorter. Sev-
eral specimens.

ANTHICID A.

The following studies were undertaken largely for the purpose
of identifying and naming a considerable number of nondescripts,
which have been accumulating for many years, but, at the same
time I have become much interested in the general grouping and
classification of the genera, points which were left in a very un-

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 625

satisfactory state by LeConte and Horn, the very important and
obvious abdominal structure of the Xylophiline, for example,
being completely overlooked by these usually acute observers.
The last revision of the American species, as a whole, was pub-
lished by LeConte more than forty years ago, and is at present
of course very incomplete.

The sexual characters of the abdomen are in some groups
very pronounced and in others feeble, differing greatly in general
character in the various genera and usually varying distinctly in
degree from species to species. In the Eurygeniini the external
modifications are conspicuous only in Retocomus, and in that
tribe the intromittent organ is of a somewhat simple type
throughout. In Pedilus (—Corphyra) and Macratria, genera with
distinct tarsal modifications, the external characters are feeble,
while the intromittent apparatus becomes marvelously complex.
These facts tend to prove still further that primary sexual char-
acters, when differing distinctly in type, may in certain cases be
quite as valuable in defining genera as any other structural modi-
fication.

The well known scarcity of individuals in many parts of the
series, as for instance in the Eurygeniini and Xylophiline, results
in all probability, chiefly from the fact that we do not know the
habits of these insects, which are very different from the epigeal
Anthicini. It is possible that each species may appear in abun-
dance only at certain very limited seasons or on certain individ-
ual trees, as is known to be the case with a number of longicorn
groups of suppossed excessive rarity.

The Anthicide may be divided into two important subfamilies
as follows :—

Abdomen composed of five free segments; tarsus with the penultimate joint
lobed beneath; tibial spurs generally distinct; labial palpi minute.

ANTHICINE

Abdomen composed of four free segments, the first formed of two amalgamated

somites with the suture sometimes indicated; tarsus with the antepenulti-

mate joint lobed beneath, the penultimate small; tibial spurs generally
obsolete; labial palpi with the last joint large and more or less dilated.

XYLOPHILINE

ANTHICINA.

This subfamily may be divided into five tribes by the following
characters :—

626 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

Tarsal claws appendiculate; eyes emarginate and finely faceted; neck wide;
maxillary palpisslen ders pncc-rceseceteeetececcee rece scatter eeeree NEMATOPLINI
Tarsal claws not appendiculate.
Neck wide; eyes large, finely faceted and generally emarginate; basal seg-
ment of the abdomen not elongate.
Prothorax constricted at apex and margined at base; tarsal claws simple
or with a feeble dentiform dilatation at base................ EURYGENTINI
Prothorax not constricted at apex, margined at base; tarsal claws with
a pointed lamelliform tooth internally at base, the apical part
abruptly *bembirscs. .ssyeacsessscseceeetencnstie eneeee ese aensaaten: aeenceere PEDILINI
Neck narrow; eyes not emarginate; prothorax constricted at apex.
Eyes large, oval, rather finely faceted; basal segment of the abdomen
elongate; claws somewhat as in Pedilini..................... MACRATRIINI
Eyes small, rounded, not emarginate, generally coarsely faceted; basal
segment of the abdomen not conspicuously elongate; claws simple.
ANTHICINI

The first four of these tribes are arboreal in habit, the fifth epi-
geal. The Xylophiline are arboreal, and it might therefore be
considered best to put them at the head of the famiiy, instead of
immediately succeeding the Anthicini; but it will be observed
that the Xylophiline differ quite as much, if not more, from the
Kurygeniini as from the Anthicini, and it is therefore immaterial
where we place them. Again, the apical constriction of the pro-
thorax, which is such a constant and peculiar feature of the An-
thicini, is even more strongly developed in the Eurygeniini, and
is altogether obsolete in Xylophiline ; the eyes are finely faceted
in all the larger forms constituting the first tribes, coarsely so in
Anthicini and generally very coarsely so in Xylophiline ; so, con-
sidering the question from all points of view and having due re-
gard to the small size and less highly developed structure, as
shown by the amalgamated basal segments of the abdomen, it
seems more fitting to place the subfamily at the end of the series.

Concerning the erection of a distinet family for the Xylophi-
line, as proposed by Mr. Champion, I regret to have to disagree.
The sclerites of the under surface, especially near and between
the middle cox, are identical in Anthicus and Xylophilus, ex-
cept that the mesosternal process in the latter is not quite so
long, and there is, besides, a certain indefinable habitus possessed
by the two types in common, which seems to show that they
should not be widely separated.

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 627

NEMATOPLINI.

The exceedingly rare Nematoplus collaris Lec., is at present
the only species assignable to this tribe. The hind tarsi are fili-
form throughout, with the third joint simple and cylindrical ; this
very exceptional structure in the first genus of the subfamily be-
ing similar to that of Mecynotarsus, which I have placed at the
end. The tarsal claws are by no means cleft, as stated by Le-
Conte and Horn (Class. Col. N. A., p. 410), but are simple and
thickened or subdentate internally at base, where there is attached
a long slender minutely pubescent appendage, which almost equals
the claw in length; besides this remarkable appendage, there is a
distinct bisetose onychium between the claws.* The last antennal
joint is not unusually elongate, and the feeble apical constriction
of the prothorax does not extend laterally upon the flanks.

EURYGENIINI.

The genera composing this tribe are somewhat numerous, and
are confined entirely to the new world; those known to me at
present may be distinguished as follows :—

Last joint of the antennz not noticeably elongate.
Eyes narrowly and distinctly emarginate.
Tempora prominent; antennz filiform; maxillary palpi large, with the
AASGH Ob) LEIA POLAR 2-5 seosissi 0. caowal ne one seals cst aoendenoss Retocomus
Tempora not prominent; antennz serrate and very long; maxillary palpi
small, filiform, the last joint cylindrical and not much longer than the
PLECEMING SM yeceseeeesiacsess eos Sailer ncio si ainsbian Meneses okie erase Mastoremus
Eyes truncate or broadly and feebly sinuate; antennz filiform.
Tempora well developed and prominent.
Eyes large; spurs of the hind tibiz short; last joint of the maxillary
palpislongandicultetornse.. 22 -ce-eescase ee eisoasee a= Stereopalpus
Eyes much smaller; spurs of the hind tibie long; maxillary palpi
greatly developed, very broad, the joints triangular......Pergetus
Tempora not prominent; eyes very large; tibial spurs short.
Eurygenius
Last joint of the antennz much elongated.................:.:.00006 Bactrocerus

These genera are all North American, except Eurygenius,
which is confined as far.as known to Brazil. The third joint of
the hind tarsi is triangular, not dilated and not membranous or

* The claws were described properly by LeConte in the original diagnosis of
Nematoplus (Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1855, p. 275).

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., VIII, Sept., 1895.—43

628 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

noticeably produced beneath. Bactrocerus contains a single
species from Lower California, which I do not have before me at
present; the pronotum is covered with coarse sparse and crescen-
tiform granulations, and has the vestiture coarse and sparse.

RETOCOMUS 12. gen.

The North American species hitherto regarded as Eurygenius,
differ so greatly from the South American type as defined by La-
Ferté, that it seems impossible to avoid defining a distinct genus
to receive them, and for this the above name is suggested. In
the type of Eurygenius the eyes are not emarginate and the
tempora are not at all prominent, besides many other differences,
notably in the organs of the mouth. LeConte and Horn state
that in Hurygenius murinus—which is the only species which I
have not been able to examine,—the eyes are practically not
emarginate; this species seems also, from the original description
of LeConte, to depart markedly in vestiture from the others,
and future study may possibly prove it to be generically distinct;
it occurs in Georgia and Alabama. In all the other representa-
tives the emargination of the eyes is deep and distinct, not essen-
tially differing in constrictus.

Our species may be defined as follows :—

Elytra each with five narrow vittee of fulvous pubescence............ wildi Lec.
Elytra with uniformly colored pubescence, which is uneven in distribution.
Speciestot thre AtlaAnMbie TESVOM S snc 0 nactlseoacesscedeee qatiese aseeet murinus Hald.

Species of the Pacific coast. 2
Prothorax with a strongly developed arcuate apical lobe and a deep
broad constriction; elytra vaguely subvittate.......constrictus Lec.
Prothorax with a smaller apical lobe and finer constriction; elytra
unevenly and sparsely marmorate with condensed white pubes-
cence, not at all subvittate.

Abdomen clothed with long shaggy pubescence, the elytra about
EWHCCHAS LONG AS WIGE: creates esas ctet cos Se aeeccoeisonn ee ates gratus n. sp.
Abdomen clothed with much shorter, more recumbent pubescence;

elytra. distinctly more than twice as long as wide.
decorellus pn. sp.

The two sexes of wildi seem to differ a good deal in general
form, the male being smaller, more slender and with subcunei-
form elytra; in the female the elytra are broad and parallel.

All the species which I have examined have the basal joint of
the hind tarsi strongly contorted at base, a character which is

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 629

purely asexual, and scarcely at all developed in the genera of this
tribe which have unemarginate eyes. In Mastoremus, which also
has emarginate eyes, it is very noticeable, and there may possibly
be some correlation between these characters.

R. gratus.—Rather narrow, black, the femora and tibiz toward base
slightly rufescent, sparsely clothed with complex pubescence, consisting of al-
most evenly distributed suberect short gray hairs, widely scattered long erect
black sete, and decumbent coarse white hairsin uneven widely scattered spots
on the elytra. Head as wide as the prothorax, about as long as wide, the eyes
large and prominent, separated by but shghtly more than their own width on
the front, the latter coarsely, densely punctate and coarsely shaggy; antennz
slender, moderate in length; palpi moderate. Prothorax as long as wide,
rounded on the sides at apical third, thence feebly convergent and broadly,
evenly sinuate to the base; apical constriction fine, extending across the dorsal
surface; apical lobe short, three-fifths as wide as the base; disk not canalicu-
late, not very coarsely, densely punctate and dull, the punctures longitudin-
ally coalescent. Scutellum clothed with white hair. Llytra scarcely more
than twice as long as wide, fully three-fourths wider than the the prothorax
and rather more than three times as long; sides subparallel and nearly straight
to apical fifth, then almost evenly rounded, finely dehiscent toward apex, the
sutural angles right; disk polished, coarsely, deeply punctate, the punctures
separated by about their own diameters. Under surface shining, moderately
closely punctate and clothed with long hair, quite sparsely on the abdomen.
Legs moderate, the femora gradually stout: tibize roughly asperate externally ;
hind tarsi fully three-fourths as long as the tibize, with the basal joint strongly
contorted at base and much longer than the fourth. Length 8.4mm.; width
2.2 mm.

California (Sta. Cruz Co.)

The two specimens are perfectly similar males, having the fifth
ventral deeply excavated in the middle throughout the length,
the sides of the excavation prominent and lamellate posteriorly.

R. decorellus.— Moderately slender and convex, black, the tibiz, ex-
cept at base and apex, and the basal parts of the femora feebly suffused with
rufous; elytra with a feeble violaceo-zeneous metallic lustre; vestiture nearly
as in gratus but still somewhat sparser, the elytral spots rather more numer-
ous and more evenly scattered. Head densely punctate and dull, the eyes ©
large and prominent, separated on the front by quite distinctly more than
their own width; antenne slender, filiform, the basal joint stoutest, but little
longer than the head and prothorax. Prothorax noticeably longer than wide,
rounded on the sides anteriorly, subparallel and broadly, feebly sinuate thence
to the base, the apical node short, nearly two-thirds as wide as the base; disk
dull, moderately coarsely, deeply, longitudinally punctato-rugose, the sculp-
ture but little concealed by the vestiture. Scutellum clothed as usual with
white pubescence. lytra almost twice as wide as the prothorax and much

630 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

more than three times as long, about two and one-half times as long as wide,
polished, coarsely, deeply punctate nearly as in gratus. Under surface sparsely
hairy, the legs moderately stout, the basal joint of the hind tarsi but slightly
longer than the last. Length 8.8 mm.; width 2.4 mm.

California (Marin Co.).

The single male before me represents a species allied rather
closely to gratus, but differing in a number of well marked struc-
tural characters. The elytra are more elongate and more finely
pubescent than in gratus, and, although the large deep excava-
tion of the fifth segment is nearly similar, the copulatory spicule
differs decidedly, being much stouter, with a broad dorsal im-
pression extending only slightly beyond the middle of its length ;
in gratus it is more attenuate, with the dorsal channel fine, ex-
tending almost to the extreme tip and gradually disappearing.

MASTOREMUS nb. gen.

Body subeylindrical. Head rather narrowerthan the prothorax,
feebly but abruptly constricted at base, the neck relatively long
and thick; tempora convergent and arcuate behind the eyes, long
but not at all prominent; eyes large, deeply emarginate, finely
granulated ; antennz in the male nearly as long as the body, the
joints longer than wide, serrate within, gradually longer, narrower
and less serrate from the sixth, the second joint minute, globular ;
maxillary palpi slender, moderate in size, joints equal in thick-
ness, slender, obconical, the last cylindrical, obtusely pointed and
obliquely truncate at apex and but slightly longer than the third ;
labial palpi minute, apparently two-jointed. Epistomal suture
subobsolete. Prothorax constricted at apex, the basal margin
fine but defined throughout by an impressed line. Scutellum
moderate, broadly rounded behind. Elytra coarsely, confusedly
punctate, elongate. Abdomen with five free equal segments.
Metasternum long. Middle coxe slightly separated. Legs mod-
erate in length, rather thick, clothed with long coarse sparse and
erect hairs, the tibial spurs short but slender, simple; hind tarsi
slender, filiform, clothed with short stiff blackish hairs, the third
joint not wider, triangular, longer than wide, the first contorted
at base and slightly longer than the fourth; claws well developed,
thickened within toward base.

The single species upon which I have been compelled to found
a distinct genus, differs markedly in type from any other known

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 631

member of the Eurygeniini, especially in the structure of the an-
tenn and palpi and basal parts of the head.

M. longicornis n. sp.—Narrow, convex, polished, black, the elytra,
mandibles except at tip, and the base of the first hind tarsal joint rufo-testa-
ceous; vestiture rather sparse, coarse, not atall concealing the surface sculpture
and only slightly and indefinitely irregular on the elytra, yellowish-cinereous.
in color. Head as long as wide, suboval, rather convex, somewhat coarsely,
not densely punctate; basal constriction feeble, slightly arcuate; neck very long
dorsally, fully two-thirds as wide as the head; eyes separated by about twice
their own width; tempora convergent behind them and about three-fifths as.
long; mandibles prominent; antennz nearly as long as the body, opaque black
and, excepting the two basal joints, clothed with short dense stiff pubescence
throughout, two basal joints shining, sparsely setose. Prothorax rather wider
than the head, fully as long as wide, the sides feebly convergent and broadly are-
uate from the middle to the strong apical constriction, rather abruptly nar-
rowed at the middle, the sides thence feebly oblique and sinuate to the base;
disk convex, not coarsely, feebly, unevenly and sparsely punctate, the canalicu-
lation fine but distinct, broadly, feebly impressed. Elytra three-fourths wider
than the prothorax, slightly more than twice as long as wide, the sides par-
allel and straight, obtusely rounded in apical fifth; humeri transversely
rounded to the prothorax; punctures very coarse, deep, the interspaces about
as wide as the punctures, not punctulate. Abdomen feebly and sparsely punc-
tate, coarsely and sparsely pubescent. Length 6.0 mm.; width 1.6 mm.

Arizona (Pinal Mts.). Mr. H. F. Wickham.

The unique type is a male, having very feeble abdominal
characters, the copulatory spicule sagittiform as in Retocomus
and other genera of the tribe. This form is absolutely different
from that seen in Pedilus and Macratria.

STEREOPALPUS Lat.
This well known genus is somewhat rich in species, occurring
throughout the United States; I have separated the eleven known
to me as follows :—

Vestiture uniform in distribution and in general tint.
Head equal in width to the prothorax.

Species of the Atlantic regions ; pronotal sculpture finer and less dense,

the elytral punctures coarser and more distinct.
Elytra generally concolorous, though often a little paler; median strii-
form sulcus of the pronotum usually distinct at least near the base.
mellyi Lat.
Elytra always paler, rufous; integuments thicker, the pronotal stria
generally subobsolete, though occasionally quite readily traceable
MOGALIPeNNISMUCEI artes nacwadsanccacccdedetesssins sosteceesbete vestitus Say

632 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

Species of the Pacific coast regions.
Femora pale rufous, the extreme apex alone abruptly blackish.
Body slender, the vestiture less dense, the semi-erect hairs brown-
ASN Soh aidseaa estate rds tack eeeUen aah ae ences Lae Sa LE pruinosus Lec.
Body stout, more densely pubescent, all the hairs whitish.
incanus 0. sp.
Femora black, slightly rufescent at base; tibiz pale rufous.
variipes n. sp.

Femora and tibiz black throughout................:0..660 indutus n. sp.
Head much smaller and narrower than the prothorax; body large and stout,
the vestiture very dense throughout..................0.000: Nnimius n. sp.

Vestiture of the elytra not uniform in distribution.
Elytra closely and finely mottled with small irregular clusters of only

slightly greater density; legs testaceous throughout...... rufipes n. sp.
Elytra more sparsely variegated with large spots of more condensed white
pubescence.

Legs completely black throughout.
Pronotum scarcely at all impressed laterally. Wyoming to Oregon.
gsuttatus Lec.
Pronotum strongly impressed in the middle toward the sides.
impressicollis n. sp.
Legs rufous, the femora black except at base........ subalbicans n. sp.

There can be no doubt whatever of the identity of @demera
vestita Say (Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., III, 1823, p. 273) with
S. badiipennis Lec., and the species is closely allied to mellyi Laf.,
though probably distinct. It is possible that Hurygenius muri-
nus may be better placed in the present genus, but a renewed
inspection of the palpi would be necessary to decide.

The species of Stereopalpus are very uniform in structure
throughout, and have comparatively feeble sexual characters ;
the male has a small terminal and densely punctate genital seg-
ment, which is but little protruded. The eyes are broadly and
feebly sinuate anteriorly.

S. incanus.—Slightly stout, black, densely clothed with stiff white pu-
bescence which, on the elytra, does not quite conceal the surface lustre, and
which as usual there consists of short semi-erect sparser hairs mingled with
recumbent pubescence. Head finely, densely rugoso-punctate and dull; eyes
convex, prominent, separated by twice their own width, narrowly rounded
beneath, broadly above, obliquely truncate behind and surrounded, especially
behind, by a fine polished glabrous line; antennz black, the basal joint rufes-
cent, slightly longer than the head and prothorax combined; clypeus twice as
wide as long, rectangular and transversely truncate, not differing in sculpture.
Prothorax sculptured like the head, rather longer than wide, rounded on the sides
anteriorly, thence just perceptibly narrowed and broadly, distinctly sinuate

+

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 633

at the sides to the base; apical constriction fine, deep, entire, the lobe short,
two-thirds as wide as the base; canaliculation barely traceable; lateral impres-
sions feeble. lytra scarcely more than twice as long as wide, more than twice
as wide as the prothorax, parabolic in apical fourth; sides parallel; impression
within the humeri feeble; humeri obliquely truncate at base; disk moderately
strongly punctate, with the interspaces finely punctulate. Abdomen finely,
densely punctate and pubescent; legs rather slender. Length 6.3 mm.;
width 1.9 mm.

California (Los Angeles Co.).

The type appears to be a male. Jncanus is related to pru-
znosus, but differs in its more obese form and much denser vesti-
ture.

S. variipes.—Rather slender and convex, black, the elytra shining, with-
out any kind of metallic lustre; pubescence rather sparse, not concealing the
surface sculpture even on the anterior parts. Head not coarsely but very
densely rugoso-punctate, much wider than long, the eyes separated by about
twice their own width; tempora large, rather more prominent than the eyes
and three-fourths as long; antennze very slender, much longer than the head
and prothorax together, the basal joint not paler. Prothorax sculptured like
the head, not quite as long as wide, strongly rounded at the sides anteriorly,
thence deeply sinuate to the base, which is but slightly narrower than the maxi-
mum width; apical constriction evident, the lobe short; canaliculation fine,
very distinct; lateral impressions distinct but situated on the extreme flanks.
Elytra distinctly more than twice as long as wide, barely twice as wide as the
prothorax, parabolic in apical fourth; sides parallel; humeri broadly, obliquely
rounded at base; punctures moderately coarse, deep, separated by about their
own widths. Under surface minutely, densely punctate and pubescent.
Length 8.0 mm.; width 2.0 mm.

California (Yreka, Siskiyou Co.).

Allied only to indutus, but differing in its larger size, heavier
prothorax with much stronger median sulcus, differently colored
legs, larger tempora and several other features; it is represented
by a single specimen of undetermined sex.

S. indutus.—Moderately slender and convex, black throughout, the
polished lustre of the elytra feebly appearing through the close even vestiture
of cinereous tint. Head slightly transverse, densely, not coarsely rugoso-punc-
tate and dull; eyes large, separated hy twice their own width on the front;
tempora one-half as long as the eye; antennz slender, much longer than the
head and prothorax combined. Prothorax about as long as wide, sculptured
like the head, rounded on the sides anteriorly, sinuate posteriorly, the base
dilated as usual and but slightly narrower than the anterior parts of the disk;
apical constriction fine, entire; canaliculation fine or subobsolete; lateral im-
pressions distinct and extending obliquely on the disk. Elytra twice as wide

634 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

as the prothorax and a little more than twice as long as wide, parabolic in
apical fourth; sides parallel; humeri evenly rounded to the prothorax, becom-
ing transverse just before that limit; impression within the humeri just trace-
able; disk moderately coarsely punctate as usual, the shining interspaces finely
punctate. Under surface finely densely and uniformly punctate and pubescent.
Length 7.0 mm.; width 1.9 mm.

California (Hoopa Val., Humboldt Co.).

This species is represented by a single male, which has the fifth
ventral segment broadly truncate at apex; it resembles variipes
in general form, but differs in coloration, smaller size, relatively
much smaller head and prothorax, the latter without a well marked
median channel, denser vestiture and several other characters.

S. nimius.—Stout, convex, black throughout, the tibiz just visibly ru--
fescent; elytra opaque, the surface scarcely at all visible through the dense-
cinereous vestiture which clothes every part of the body. Head small, dis-
tinetly shorter and narrower than the prothorax, almost as long as wide,
densely opaque, the surface concealed; eyes separated by a little more than
twice their own width on the front; tempora rather more prominent than the
eyes and about two-thirds as long; antenne slender, but little longer than the
head and prothorax, the stouter basal joint not paler. Prothorax slightly wider
_than long, sculptured and clothed like the head, rounded on the sides anteri-
orly, thence feebly, obliquely narrowed to the dilated basal margin; apical
constriction fine but deep, the lobe crescentiform, rounded on its anterior mar-
gin though short; lateral impressions distinct; canaliculation narrow but very
deep, appearing like a coarse crack. Elytra twice as wide as the prothorax,
but slightly more than twice as long as wide, gradually narrowed and para-
bolically rounded behind in apical two-fifths; sutural angles rounded; humeri
slightly rufescent, rounded to the prothorax, the humeral impression slight;
disk with composite punctuation as usual, the interspaces shining but almost
completely concealed except toward base. Abdomen extremely densely punc-
tulate and pubescent. Legs normal. Length 11.5 mm.; width 3.3 mm.

Southern California.

The unique type of this very distinct form is probably a female;
the dorsal pygidium is almost completely visible and porrect be-
hind the elytra, and the fifth ventral is slightly longer than the
fourth, narrowed behind, the apex rather narrowly truncate, the
basal margin rufescent.

S. rufipes.—Rather slender, black, shining, the vestiture but slightly
concealing the surface lustre; legs testaceous; pubescence stiff, yellowish-cinere-
ous in color, feebly nucleated on the elytra. Head slightly wider than long,
strongly, very densely and rugosely punctate; eyes large, globose, separated
by one-half more than their own width, the tempora behind them much less
prominent and only about one-third as long; antennie very slender, filiform,

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 635

fully two-fifths as long as the body, the basal joint not paler. Prothorax
scarcely as wide as the head and not quite as long as wide, strongly but not
very coarsely or densely granulato-punctate, the surface shining through the
vestiture; sides strongly rounded anteriorly, thence distinctly convergent and.
feebly sinuate to the basal margin, which is not dilated; apical constriction
distinct, the lobe extremely short; canaliculation fine but very deep and dis-
tinct; lateral oblique impressions feeble. Elytra twice as wide as the pro-
thorax, distinctly more than twice as long as wide, parabolic in apical fourth;
humeri transversely, broadly rounded to the prothorax, the intrahumeral im-
pression short, basal and very distinct; disk strongly but only moderately
coarsely punctate, giving a subrugose appearance, the interspaces not distinctly
punctulate. Under surface finely, densely punctate and pubescent. Length
6.5-8.0 mm.; width 1.8-2.2 mm.

Indiana.

In its larger, more globose and less distant eyes, shorter, less
prominent tempora and generally more shining surface, this
species departs from the common type of the Pacific coast and
approaches mellyz. It differs from mellyz in the small nuclei of
pubescence scattered irregularly and indefinably over the elytra,
and in the smaller, more strongly and coarsely sculptured and
more deeply canaliculate prothorax. Four specimens, with very
feeble. sexual characters.

S. impressicollis.—Black and moderately stout, the elytra shining
through the vestiture, which is rather sparse except in the condensed spots;
legs and antenne black throughout. Head densely punctato-rugose and dull,
the vestiture dense; eyes moderate, separated by distinctly more than twice
their own width, the tempora fully as prominent as the eyes and about one-
half as long; antennze moderately slender, about two-fifths as long as the body.
Prothorax as long as wide, rounded on the sides anteriorly, sinuate thence to
the basal margin, which is scarcely dilated and defined throughout dorsally by
a distinct groove; apical constriction fine, distinct; canaliculation fine, deep,
impressed; lateral oblique impressions strong; sculpture rugose. Elytra
slightly more than twice as wide as the prothorax, a little more than twice as
long as wide, quite perceptibly wider to apical fourth, then parabolically
rounded, narrowly and gradually dehiscent behind, the sutural angles obtusely
rounded; humeri broadly, evenly rounded, the impression feeble; punctures
coarse, close, the surface subrugose; interspaces shining and not distinctly
punctulate. Abdomen minutely, extremely densely punctate and pubescent.
Length 6.3 mm.; width 2.0 mm.

California (Hoopa Val., Humboldt Co.).

The single specimen is a female, and, if my memory serves, was
taken very nearly or quite at the same time and place as the single
male of indutus, so that for some time I considered them to be

636 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

the two sexes of one species. I find, however, that the spotted
vestiture is a constant asexual character in other species, or at
least is not at all characteristic of the female, and, besides this,
these two specimens differ structurally to a considerable degree,
the entire form of the body being different; finally, the deep me-
dian sulcus of impressicollis exists only as a vestige in indutus.

S. subalbicans.—Narrow, convex, the elytra polished, the lustre but
little concealed by the scanty cinereous vestiture, except in the dense and
widely scattered spots; color of body and antennz black throughout, the
femora black, rufescent at base; tibize rufous, the apex black; tarsi black, the
basal joint feebly rufescent except toward apex. Head but slightly wider than
long, relatively coarsely, very deeply and densely rugoso-punctate but not dull,
the vestiture rather short and only moderately dense; eyes separated by a little
more than twice their width, the tempora equally prominent and about one-
half as long; antennze rather stout, filiform, distinctly less than one-half as long
as the body. Prothorax barely as long as wide, with outline nearly as in the
preceding species, sculptured almost like the head, the median sulcus strong,
impressed; lateral impressions very feeble; surface unusually convex. Elytra
evidently less than twice as wide as the prothorax and distinctly more than
twice as long as wide, the sides parallel, parabolic in apical fourth, scarcely at
all dehiscent on the suture even at the extreme apex; humeri broadly rounded
to the prothorax; punctures coarse, deep and close, the sculpture rugulose by
anteriorly oblique light; interspaces not appreciably punctate. Abdomen
closely punctate but unusually shining, the punctures smaller and more super-
ficial. Legs rather long. Length 5.5 mm.; width 1.5 mm.

California (San Francisco). Mr. Dunn.

The smallest species of the genus and quite distinct from any
other, differing from impressicollis in the feeble pronotal impres-
sions and color of the legs, and from guftatus in its much smaller
size and more slender form. The single specimen is a male.

PERGETUS n. gen.

This genus is founded upon Hurygenius campanulatus of Le-
Conte, which occurs in the Island of Vancouver. As a genus it is
remarkably distinct from Retocomus in the structure and vesti-
ture of the legs, in the comparatively small, unemarginate eyes
and much more developed maxillary palpi. The pronotum is
deeply and peculiarly sulcate along the middle; the sexual charac-
ters affecting the fifth segment of the abdomen are feeble, and the
tibial spurs are long. all of which characters are foreign to Reto-
comus. The tibie are cylindrical, and are clothed with short stiff
inclined pubescence, very uniformly throughout, while in Reto-

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 637

comus they are slightly irregular, strongly hispid externally, and
clothed with long sparse flying hairs in addition to the more re-
cumbent pubescence.

PEDILINI.

This tribe contains but one genus within our territories. Ped-
ilus is said by Mr. Champion to be the same as Corphyra Say,
and, if so, our numerous closely allied and prettily colored species
will have to be called by that generic name. The third joint of
the hind tarsi is produced beneath in a short membranous lobe.
Our species of Corphyra have been recently reviewed by Dr.
Horn (Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., 1871, p. 228, and 1. c., 1883, X, p. 305).

The male intromittent organ in Pedilus is complex, the efferent
duct lying in a dorsal excavation of the protective sheath, which
is furnished with two internally barbed lateral appendages at
apex. This structure is interesting when compared with the
equally complex organ of Malporus, of the Anthicini, where, how-
ever, the efferent duct lies in an excavation on the under surface
of the sheath, these extremely important conditions being com-
pletely reversed.

MACRATRIINI.

The following genus is the only one of this tribe which is
known at present :—

MACRATRIA Newn.

The genus Macratria departs widely from all foregoing fypes
of the Anthicine in its very slender neck and elongated basal seg-
ment of the abdomen. The last three antennal joints are elon-
gate and the third joint of the hind tarsi has a short membranous
lobe beneath. In the structure of the cedeagus it differs radically
in type from the Eurygeniini, but is to a great extent homolo-
gous with the Pedilini. The tibial spurs are rather remarkable in
structure, being densely clothed with minute inclined set, the
outer spur much stouter than the inner.

The four species represented in my cabinet may be thus de-
fined :—

Last joint of the antennz subequal in length to the two preceding combined
in both sexes.

Head minutely and remotely punctate; legs dark in color...confusa Lec.

638 Culeopterological Notices, VI.

Head less minutely and very closely punctate; legs pale.
Elytra finely, densely sculptured and pubescent; prothorax more rapidly
narrowed anteriorly than posteriorly...................06+- murina Fab.
Elytra coarsely and much more rugosely sculptured, more coarsely and
sparsely pubescent; prothorax equally oblique anteriorly and poste-

riorly, widest at the middle......................eeseeeeeeee OVicollis n. sp.
Last joint of the antennz but slightly longer than the penultimate; body red--
brown throughout, the head more oblong.................2.2+6 brunnea n. sp.

Judging by the figure of IZ. linearis Newm., reproduced by La-
Ferté, it seems impossible to associate it with any species of Ma-
eratria now known. If rediscovered it will probably prove to be
the type of a distinct genus, which must be called Macratria, the
species here tabulated to be then known as Macrarthria Er.

M. ovicollis.— Moderately slender, black, the legs, antennze and palpi
ochreo-testacous, the femora feebly nubilate with brown near the apex and the
ninth and tenth antennal joints darker: toward base; pubescence moderately
dense, yellowish, readily removable. Head as long as wide, broadly subtrun-
cate at base, paler toward apex, the eyes separated on the front by rather less than
twice their own width; antenn about as long as the head and prothorax, fili-
form, the ninth and tenth joints subequal and each one-half longer than the
eighth, second very nearly aslongasthe third. Prothorax two-fifths longer tham
wide, one-half longer and just visibly wider than the head, the sides evenly
and strongly arcuate from apex to base, the base, immediately in advance of
the basal depression, strongly rounded, rather more prominent than the basal
bead and more feebly sculptured; disk feebly, evenly convex, very densely
punctato-rugose. Elytra at base one-third wider than the prothorax, a little
more than twice as long as wide, the sides straight and very feebly convergent
from base to apex; disk rather shining when denuded, roughly and seriately
asperato-rugose, the intervals finely, densely punctato-rugose. Under surface
minutely, densely punctate, the legs stout. Length 4.5 mm.; width 1.0 mm.

New York.

The male type has the fifth ventral not longer than the fourth,
broadly, transversely truncate at apex and very broadly, feebly
impressed on the disk almost throughout the width. I have for
the present associated with the type two females which, however,
have the prothorax widest at apical third.

M. brunnea.—Moderately stout, the male more slender, dark red-
brown, the head paler, rufous, the antennz, palpi, anterior and intermediate
legs paler, ochraceous; hind legs piceous; sculpture throughout fine, very
dense, the surface not shining; pubescence short, very dense, yellowish-cine-
reous in color. Head oblong-oval, as long as wide, finely, densely punctate,
truncate at base; eyes separated by twice their own width; tempora strongly

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 639

‘rounded to the neck, one-half as long as the eye and much less prominent; an-
‘tenn about as long as the head and prothorax, slender and filiform, the last
‘three joints much stouter, eighth much shorter than the seventh, second and
‘third equal in length, the former slightly the thicker. Prothorax one-third
‘to two-fifths longer than wide, subequal in width to the head, widest at
apical two-fifths, finely, densely punctate and rugose, the surface even;
basal margin strongly marked at the sides. /ytra one-third to nearly one-half
wider than the prothorax, nearly two and one-half times longer than wide,
slightly cuneiform, rather narrowly and conjointly rounded at tip; humeri
strongly, evenly rounded to the prothorax; disk striato-punctate, the suture
strongly margined. Under surface minutely, densely punctulate, very finely,
densely pubescent. Legs thick; basal joint of the hind tarsi quite distinctly
longer than the remainder. Length 3.9-4.9 mm.; width 0.8-1.2 mm.

Texas (Austin).

The male has the fifth segment unimpressed, a little longer than
the fourth and transversely truncate at apex, the middle of the
truncature slightly produced in a minute rounded projection. In
the female the fifth segment is much longer, strongly narrowed
from base to apex, the rounded apex feebly sinuate in the mid-
dle, and the surface broadly impressed; the second ventral has at
each side a strong transverse excavation along the basal margin
which is wanting in the male. The male intromittent organ is
very intricate, having two thick complex lateral lobes, with ex-
ternal pubescent appendages, and a very slender central organ,
all of equal length; it is therefore almost of the same general
type as in Pedilus.

I took a good series of this interesting species in the valley of
the Colorado of Texas, in June.

ANTHICINI.

The components of this extensive and widely distributed tribe
are active ground beetles of predaceous habits. The various
‘genera have not been considered very pronounced or sharply de-
fined hitherto, but the discovery of certain extraordinarily devel-
oped and diversified modifications of the mesosternum and its
parapleurz, enables me to delimit those which occur within our
territories with much confidence. These wonderful structures by
some singular chance seem to have thus far escaped observation.
although in several cases they are so radical as to be obtrusively
evident, the edge of the large expanded mesosternal plate, for ex-
ample, being occasionally prominent from a dorsal point of view

640 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

in the reéntrant angle at the base of the prothorax, where it
bristles with a sparse fringe of long cilia.*

As these characters are unusual and abnormal, a perfect con-
stancy of form or extent is not to be expected, and the occurrence
of transitional groups, in which the mesosternum is variously de-
veloped according to the species, might be anticipated. In point
of fact, we actually find that in some generic groups, the form and
extent of the mesosternum are as constant as the thoracic process
of Notoxus—another abnormal structure,—or even more so, but
in a few others, such as Vacusus and especially Hemantus, they
become variable subgenerically, but still only to a slight extent
specifically. The occurrence of these remarkable structures has
alone compelled me to increase considerably the number of gen-
era, but it should be mentioned that in every case the validity of
the genus is confirmed by other marked peculiarities of special
structure, and also by general habitus.

The North American genera of the tribe may be outlined
as follows :—

Pronotum without an elongate corneous process near the apex............0.eeee0s 2
Pronotum with a large anteriorly porrect subapical process.................ee0e0e 11
2— Anterior coxal cavities closed behind, to a certain degree, by an oblitera-
tion of the usual posterior emargination; prothorax strongly constricted be-
hind the middle, the depression extending more or less feebly across the
dorsal surface; mesosternum extending in one large unbroken plate to
the sides of the body, the lateral edges ciliate and largely visible from

ADDON Goss ois e oa 21d cle sloa Su got /sfone'oieia/aalb® sia sia Pooitiowsicee ios « siiopewisloe eset seppaccame ee eel see nace 3
Anterior coxal cavities widely open behind, their corneous floor broadly and
deeply jemaroiate posteriorly. .cc.cc. --cs cs seweeseteeemtaceee -aceae ee eee eee e eee ree 4
3—Head oblong, the eyes very small and anterior; body densely and minutely
Sculpturedland spubescenbsc-ssss-seraceee sce sssstetereeeeieeeeeeere Dilandius
Head more oval or subquadrate, the eyes larger and submedian in position;
body smallvand subglabrous, 2.22020s2-1.-srcnnse<neveencasenceesaee Formicilla

4—Penultimate tarsal joint generally just visibly dilated, deeply excavated
or longitudinally grooved above and feebly lobed beneath, the last joint
inserted discally and far from the apex; elytra entire or nearly so,

*Tt is true that LaFerté alludes at some length to this character under the
description of Formicomus leporinus (Mon., p. 93), but in such a way as to
show that he failed completely to grasp its meaning, or to realize its far-reach-
ing taxonomic value in the tribe, his description proving that he even failed to
examine the under surface of the insect at all, and I am somewhat surprised
to find that the character is passed over even more lightly by Mr. Champion
in his description of F. gracilipes (Biol. Cent.-Amer., IV, 2, p. 220).

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 641

rounded behind; eleventh joint of the antenne simple; last joint of the
maxillary palpi securiform or somewhat broadly triangular................. 5
Penultimate tarsal joint not dilated and scarcely at all lobed, the last joint
subterminal in insertion; elytra generally more or less truncate at apex
and frequently greatly abbreviated; eleventh antennal joint bilobed,
constricted generally behind the middle; last joint of the maxillary palpi

MALO WROD LC liye GUM CAGE Ail, APC X10. (0.2 onicienin so nacisincsse sees ceseeseciiee ecarenoe 10
5—Mesosternum more or less abnormally dilated laterally......................008 6
Mesosternum normally small, with the sides straight and slightly oblique,

forming a point between the broad episternum and the coxve............... 9
6—Prothorax deeply constricted or abruptly narrowed behind the middle, or

MCAT ASA Ly GIN aatscite omen ee dssctostsicisn atolls actelelseriat cisisieiss se've's sinieictels sip ecreetriive noise 7
Prothorax not constricted at the sides, except occasionally feebly and near the

basen DnesidestobMNGme: ANCEShrAlOt.. chosen ra cccees sisson see ae ce eee seicceee ree 8
%—The constriction extending deeply across the dorsal surface; antennz

Le Kea Gs SUM OMT WOM eeeeetescesctscee cee seconcesce<cheseeseac Tomoderus

The constriction not extending across the dorsal surface.
Antenne long and slender; anterior lobe of the prothorax rounded.
Last joint of the maxillary palpi small or moderate, securiform.
Mesosternum extending in a highly polished plate far toward the
sides of the body, its outline rounded; body extremely densely
punctate without trace of erect sete....................-....+-- Baulius
Mesosternum less extended laterally, its outer margin oblique and
straight; thoracic constriction strong; body very sparingly punc-
tate and bristling with long erect tactile setze............. Malporus
Mesosternum less extended laterally, its outer margin sublongitudinal,
scarcely at all oblique and evenly arcuate; thoracic constriction
feeble and more posterior; body rather sparsely punctate, feebly
pubescent and devoid of long erect tactile setee; head truncate at
DES fs oe see ee lace teeta fe Sate noise Sema anole ato a cde cnaselvya ne aes Nathicus
Last joint of the palpi very large and dilated, isosceles............ Lappus
Antenne much shorter; anterior lobe of the prothorax trapezoidal, widest
near the apex; last joint of the maxillary palpi moderate in size, securi-

form; mesosternum as in Malporus and Lappus................ Thicanus
S— Antenne slender; mesosternum generally very greatly developed laterally,
approaching the sides of the body..................ssseceeeeeeeecesenees Vacusus
Antenne stout; mesosternum variable in extent, becoming subgeneric in
weight; femora clavate, the anterior strongly so............... Hemantus

9—Pronotum normal and evenly convex, the head subquadrate or rounded
behind.
Prothorax moderately large, oblique at the sides posteriorly, rarely feebly
constricted just before the base; vestiture simple................ Anthicus
Prothorax relatively small, not quite as.long as wide, sinuate at the sides
posteriorly; elytra relatively larger and longer; vestiture duplex.
Sapintus
Pronotum abruptly declivous and flattened anteriorly, the head strongly tri-
angular; body stout and convex; metasternum short...../ Ambiyderus

642 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

10—Mesosternum and its parapleure as in Anthicus............ Tanarthrus
411—Tarsi shorter than the tibiz, the penultimate joint slightly dilated.

Notoxus

Tarsi very long and filiform, longer than the tibiz, the penultimate joint

evenly cylindrical and not at all thicker................... Mecynotarsus

It is unfortunate that in this lineal arrangement Tanarthrus

has to intervene between Amblyderus and Notoxus, but it would

be still more out of place among the genera allied to Tomoderus,

where it must otherwise be placed.

DILANDIUS n. gen.

The two species separated under this name, together with
Formicilla, are peculiar in having the acute side-pieces of the
prosternum behind the coxe more inwardly prolonged than in
Anthicus, so that they coalesce at or near the middle, thus closing
the coxal cavities. In the other genera, as I find by dissecting
numerous divergent forms, the inferior flanks of the prothorax
form angular inward projections behind, which are widely sepa-
rated by a deep emargination of the common coxal floor, and the
coxal cavities are consequently broadly open. The mesosternum
in this genus extends in one extremely large unbroken polished
plate from side to side of the body. and is largely visible from
above in the reéntrant humeral angle; the prominent lateral
edges of this plate bear a sparse fringe of long stiff bristling sete.

In the form of the head Dilandius resembles Ochthenomus to
a great degree, the outline being oblong-suboval, with the eyes
small and anterior.

Our two species are very slender ant-like insects, distinguish-
able at once from Malporus and Lappus by the form of the head,
disposition of the elytral vestiture, and by the fact that the lateral
constriction of-the prothorax extends across the dorsal surface,
giving rise to two convex lobes.* They may be known as fol-
lows :—

Dorsal constriction of the prothorax strong; white pubescent fascia of the

ol rape: 90) 0) bit HES ppemececan a a56026sob cosanbddanctboaseaacsob scobaccace 1. myrmecops
Dorsal constriction feeble; pubescent fascia tramsverse...............0+ 2. unicus

*In the second group of Lappus there is a large dorsal gibbosity near the
base of the pronotum, but this is a true protuberance, and is not produced by
a dorsal extension of the lateral constriction; in gibbithorax and others of this
group, there is no transverse depression before the protuberance.

_Coleopterological Notices, VI. 643

The representatives of this genus are very rare in collections,
and scarcely anything can be stated in regard to their true geo-
graphical distribution.

1. D. myrmecops n. sp.—Very slender and elongate, black, the sterna
of the hind body and elytra below the humeri paler; antennz pale flavo-
testaceous, the last four or five joints dark; legs pale ochreous throughout.
Head oblong, rounded at base, the sides parallel for a long distance behind the
eyes, which are small, anterior and scarcely at all prominent; surface moder-
ately convex, rather coarsely, very densely punctate, the punctures confluent
laterally, feebly pubescent; antennze long, slender, one-half as long as the
body, the third joint distinctly longer than the fourth, outer joints slightly
thicker. Prothorax slightly narrower than the head, much longer than wide,
deeply but not acutely constricted at basal third, the anterior lobe almost regu-
larly globular; collar distinct, finely, deeply constricted; basal margin wide
but not at all tumid, defined by a fine impressed line and by its less seulp-
tured surface; disk extremely minutely and densely punctate, and densely
clothed with minute decumbent hairs. E/ytra much longer than the head and
prothorax combined, deeply, transversely impressed near the base, slightly
dilated and moderately convex behind, twice as wide as the prothorax, nearly
twice as long as wide, densely, extremely minutely and scarcely visibly
punctulate, the pubescence very short and decumbent, dusky-cinereous and
inconspicuous except in a transverse basal band and broader fascia at basal
two-fifths, where it is brown, the posterior brown fascia bordered anteriorly on
each elytron with a narrow oblique fascia of coarser silvery-white pubescence.
Under surface minutely, densely punctate and pubescent. Legs moderate
in length, rather thick, minutely pubescent. Length 2.8 mm.; width 0.7 mm.

Southern Illinois.

The upper surface is beset with extremely sparse and perfectly
erect stiff setze, rather long on the elytra. The male has the fifth
ventral unmodified, the minute genital segment deeply and circu-
larly emarginate throughout its width at apex. .

A single specimen, kindly given me a few years since by Mr.
F. M. Webster.

2. D. unicus n. sp.—Slender, dull black, the tarsi and basal joints of the
antennee testaceous; legs, under surface of the hind body, and eleventh an-
tennal joint more or less pale piceous. Head convex, oblong-oval, broadly
rounded at base, rather coarsely and very densely punctate, feebly pubescent,
the eyes very small and anterior; antennze one-half as long as the body, slen-
der toward base but gradually quite thick toward apex. Prothorax much nar-
rower than the head and much longer than wide, the constriction near basal
third deep and broadly angulate at the sides, the apical lobe subglobular and
rather longer than wide; collar distinct; basal margin wide, flat, defined only

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., VIII, Sept., 1895—44.

644 Coleopterological Notices, VI. |

by a fine line; disk minutely, very densely punctate, and densely clothed with
minute closely decumbent pubescence. Elytra strongly, transversely im-
pressed near the base, distinctly dilated behind, rather more than twice as
wide as the prothorax, not quite twice as long as wide, and not longer than the
head and prothorax together, dull, densely, extremely minutely and almost
invisibly punctate, densely clothed with very minute, closely decumbent, dark
gray and inconspicuous pubescence, coarser and brown in a transverse fascia at
basal two-fifths, immediately before which there is a transverse fascia of
longer, less decumbent, coarser silvery pubescence; apex broadly, obtusely
rounded. Under surface and legs minutely and densely pubescent, the latter
relatively rather long. Length 2.3 mm.; width 0.55 mm.

Florida (Haw Creek). Hubbard and Schwarz.

The erect, widely dispersed sete of the upper surface are short
throughout, but those of the bristling fringe along the lateral
edges of the mesosternum, visible from above, are very long and
conspicuous. Sexual characters are not apparent in the single
specimen before me.

FORMICILLA Lec.

The very small polished and sparsely setose species, for which
this genus was erected by LeConte (Ann. IJyc. Nat. Hist.,
N. Y., V, p. 152), certainly cannot be associated with the large
forms of totally different habitus, which include the types of
Formicomus Laf., nor can they be placed with Anthicus, as sub-
sequently suggested by LeConte (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.,
1852, p. 94), because of the remarkable structure of the meso-
sternum. The only course left, therefore, is to regard them as
constituting a distinct genus.

The anterior coxal cavities are closed behind by an extension
of their corneous floor, and, in scifuwla, the median line of the floor
is produced behind in a slender cusp-point which, however, does
not project posteriorly further than the lateral lobes, from each of
which it is separated by a small deep rounded emargination. The
fourth palpal joint is only moderately large, triangular and ob-
liquely truncate.

The species are confined to the extreme south of the United
States, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, extending also into
Mexico, but the approximate southern limits of range are not at
present determinable.

Our four species may be known as follows :—

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 645

Anterior lobe of the prothorax globular or at least as long as wide.
Elytra short, much narrowed but almost completely unimpressed on the
disk near the base, and devoid of shorter subdecumbent hairs.
1. scitula
Elytra longer, less narrowed at base, but distinctly impressed hehind the
omoplates, haying short sparse subdecumbent hairs in addition to the
NG YS? CIEE CNS ELS 5 contisot bochobodncaepoduDo eae Odor nob OOaoD OB NEEEHEOEATBeepE 2. munda
Anterior lobe larger, wider than long.
Elytra pale, with the humeri and two broad fascize of black; head quadrate,
SUDLNUNCA LE Tait DASSte eres eeiaee se cise cece catce cecteiiaeecacke ces 3. evanescens
Elytra black, with two narrow pale fascize, one near the base, the other be-
fore apical third; head narrower, more elongate and more rounded at
DASE Res etetce se xetemre crelk ce citron setcteaieris wk cclects oles bs Nese unetee decsesaneeer 4. gilensis
The species are very homogeneous in point of size and others
will undoubtedly be discovered ; those above outlined are divisi-
ble into two subgeneric groups, the first represented by scitula
alone, as shown by antennal structure, and the second by the last
three species.

1. F. scitulla Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 94 (Anthicus).

Convex, highly polished, with some widely scattered punctures
bearing long tactile sets, but otherwise completely impunctate
and devoid of sculpture, pale rufo-testaceous, the head slightly
less pale; elytra with two broad fascize of black, the first before
the middle completely interrupted at the suture, the second near
but not enveloping the apex and produced slightly along the su-
ture anteriorly in a short cusp. Head oval, convex, rather longer
than wide, broadly rounded and unimpressed at base ; eyes rather
small, just before the middle, convex and coarsely faceted ; an-
tenn one-half as long as the body, slender but distinctly and
gradually incrassate, the last joint rather thicker, obtusely and
obliquely pointed and fully as long as the preceding two. Pro-
thorax distinctly narrower than the head, elongate, convex,
strongly constricted before basal third; collar short but deeply
constricted; basal margin present. Elytra short, oval, connate,
one-half longer than wide, nearly two and one-half times as wide
as the prothorax, much rounded at the sides and narrowed at
base, the humeri broadly and obliquely rounded at base but dis-
tinct. Length 1.9-2.0 mm.; width 0.65-0.7 mm.

South Carolina,—Cab. LeConte; Florida (Sebastian River),
Hubbard and Schwarz. The male has the fifth ventral almost as
long as the preceding two, evenly and not broadly rounded and

646 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

slightly flattened in the middle at apex; the genital segment is
large, deeply and angularly incised in the middle and acutely
bilobed.

2. F. munda Lec.—Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., N. Y., V, p. 152; Proc. Acad.,
1852, p. 95 (Anthicus).

Less stout and more parallel, convex, highly polished, with
some widely scattered punctures bearing long tactile sete, and
also having some very sparse subdecumbent hairs, otherwise com-
pletely devoid of sculpture, pale flavo-testaceous, the head not
darker; elytra with the tips of the humeri, a broad band just be-
fore the middle narrowed toward, and narrowly interrupted at the
suture, and a subapical band also narrowly interrupted, blackish.
Head oval, a little longer than wide, broadly rounded at base;
eyes small but convex, just before the middle; antennz one-half
as long as the body, slender but rapidly and very strongly in-
crassate through the last four joints, the eleventh conoidal and
very much shorter than the two preceding. Prothorax only
slightly narrower than the head, distinctly longer than wide, con-
vex, deeply but not very acutely constricted rather behind basal
third; basal margin distinct. Elytra nearly two-thirds longer
than wide, scarcely more than twice as wide as the prothorax,
rounded behind, not connate, the hind wings apparently rather
well developed; sides feebly inflated behind ; humeri distinct and
well exposed at base; disk distinctly impressed at basal fourth.
Legs rather long and slender, the femora moderately stout.
Length 1.9-2.0 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

California (Yuma). In the male the fifth ventral is evenly
rounded behind, unmodified and very much shorter than the two
preceding together, the genital segment small, parabo:ic in out-
line, the apex with a small but rather deep and very acutely at-
tenuate notch, each of the small lobes inflexed and almost meet-
ing at apex; the copulatory spicule is long, extremely slender
and gradually finely pointed, the under surface very feebly im-
pressed along the median line, more strongly toward base. This
species, although congeneric, is remarkably distinct from scztula.

3. F. evanescens n. sp.—Moderately stout, convex, highly polished,
bristling above with long remote tactile sete and also having a few shorter
distant and more decumbent hairs; integuments without sculpture, pale testa-
ceous, the elytral humeri and a median and apical band not interrupted at the
suture, black. Head subquadrate, scarcely longer than wide, broadly arcuato-

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 647

truncate at base, the angles rounded; tempora parallel; eyes small and feebly
convex; antennz nearly one-half as long as the body, gradually and strongly
inerassate, the eleventh joint much shorter than the two preceding. Prothorax
only just visibly narrower than the head, a little longer than wide, deeply
constricted near basal third, the anterior lobe very large, wider than long and
widest near its anterior third, somewhat trapezoidal, the sides arcuate; basal
margin distinct; collar very short but deeply constricted. Elytra two-fifths
longer than wide, abruptly, obtusely rounded behind, inflated and distinctly
wider in the middle than at base; humeri distinct; disk transversely impressed
near the base; omoplates large and only moderately prominent. Abdomen
finely but sparsely pubescent. Legs moderately short and stout, pubescent.
Length 1.9 mm.; width 0.7 mm.

Texas (Austin).

The single specimen is a female and represents a species allied
distinctly to munda, but differing markedly in the form of the
prothorax and in the quadrate head.

4. F. gilensis n. sp.—Narrow, convex, polished and sculptureless through-
out the upper surface, with some short and slender and long stiff bristling
sete; body black, the metasternum, legs and prothorax more or less rufescent;
antenne pale testaceous; elytra with a narrow straight flavous fascia near the
base and another, similar, distinctly behind the middle. Head oval, rather
longer than wide, rounded at base, the angles very broadly rounded; eyes
‘small, just before the middle, convex and prominent; antenne rather less than
one-half as long as the body, gradually and moderately incrassate, the last
joint as in munda. Prothorax scarcely visibly narrower than the head, dis-
tinctly longer than wide, deeply constricted near basal third, the anterior lobe
wider than long, subelliptical and widest rather before the middle; basal mar-
gin distinct. Elytra one-half longer than wide, barely twice as wide as the
prothorax, almost evenly, not abruptly rounded behind, quite distinctly in-
flated, and noticeably wider at or just behind the middle than at base; humeri
‘distinct, widely exposed and obliquely rounded at base; disk feebly impressed
near the base. Abdomen finely and rather densely pubescent. Legs distinctly
and more coarsely pubescent, moderately long, the femora quite stout and sub-
pedunculate. Length 2.0mm.; width 0.65 mm.

Arizona (Tucson).

The single male, from which this description is drawn, has the
copulatory spicule almost completely protruded ; it is of singular
form and very simple structure, three-fifths as long as the entire
abdomen, slender, nearly straight in profile and gradually acutely
and extremely finely attenuate from base to apex, the sides
straight; the slender efferent duct beneath is much shorter, and
is only partially and basally sheltered in the inferior excavation
of the spicule, the latter scarcely serving as a protective sheath.

648 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

TOMODERUS Laf.

The species of this well marked genus very closely resemble
each other in general appearance. They are robust and convex
in body, with stout, moniliform, strongly incrassate and perfoliate
antennz, deeply segmented prothorax, subserial elytral punctu-
ation, moderately developed mesosternal plate and stout clavate
femora.

The hind coxe are widely separated by a short, broadly rounded
projection of the first abdominal segment, the tibial spurs appar-
ently wholly obsolete, and the fourth palpal joint moderately de-
veloped, triangular and obliquely truncate. The eyes are rather
small, moderately convex and somewhat coarsely faceted. The
transverse dorsal constriction of the pronotum is generally more
or less distinctly and coarsely sculptured at the bottom, and the
basal marginal line is wholly obsolete; the apical collar is also
obsolete or extremely rudimentary, the head being in close con-
tact with the anterior lobe of the prothorax, and the neck some-
what wider as well as shorter than in Anthicus.

Our three species may be thus distinguished :—

Anterior lobe of the pronotum without an impressed median line.
Elytral punctures distinct throughout, becoming very gradually coarser and
confusedly subserial in arrangement toward base.........1. abbreviatus
Elytral punctures very fine, becoming abruptly coarse and distinctly seriate
in basal third or fourth; apical segment of the abdomen longer in both
SOX ESSe soos saat cist delssise nine sctssub on bem aissiikdGnck cai ramen cece neon eens 2. constrictus
Anterior lobe broader and generally more narrowly rounded at the sides, hay-
ing a feebly impressed median canaliculation which does not attain the
apex; elytra shorter, the sculpture nearly as in abbreviatus, the pubescence
GENSEL Es ceassacicea once euie ona Moe eee Rone cee cine sideise Cobar eae 3. impressulus

Tomoderus, as here understood, extends throughout the United
States, east of the Rocky Mountains and far into Mexico, but.
does not occur near the Pacific coast.

1. T. interruptus Laf.—Mon., p. 97; Lec.: Proc. Acad., Phila., 1852,
p. 94.

Stout, convex, highly polished throughout, blackish, the elytra
rufescent in basal half; pubescence of the anterior parts very
sparse and inconspicuous, these subimpunctate, that of the elytra
moderate in length, suberect, not very dense though rather coarse.
Elytral punctures arranged in very uneven series toward base,

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 649)

becoming gradually stronger. Length 2.3-2.7 mm.; width 0.8—
1.0 mm.

Indiana, Kentucky and Iowa. This species has been well de-
scribed by LaFerté, though I have never seen an example in
which the punctures are completely confused toward the elytrak
base; it is especially abundant in the Mississippi valley, while
the following is the common species along the Atlantic coast.
The fifth ventral in the male is short, only one-third longer than
the fourth, narrowly subtruncate at the middle of the apex, the
edge thence oblique and straight nearly to the sides, then rounded
to the base, the genital segment large and broad, pale and sub-
coriaceous, transversely convex throughout the width and sub-
truncate at apex. In the female the fifth ventral is much longer,
two-thirds longer than the fourth, and is evenly rounded in cir-
cular are throughout.

2. T. constrictus Say—Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., V, p. 244 ( Anthi-
cus); LaFerté: Mon., p. 101; LeConte: Proc. Acad., Phila., 1852, p. 94 (Tomo-
derus ).

Similar to the preceding in general form and sculpture, but
with the elytra a little shorter and stouter and pale only in basa}
third or fourth, with the punctures very fine, becoming abruptly
coarse and more distinctly seriate in the pale area. Length 2.4—
2.7 mm.; width 0.8—-1.0 mm.

New York, Rhode Island and Michigan. The male has the fifth
ventral fully three-fourths longer than the fourth, transversely
truncate in median fourth at apex, the edge thence oblique and
straight to near the sides, then gradually rounded to the base, the
genital segment transversely, evenly convex and truncate at
apex, nearly as in interruptus. In the female the fifth ventral
is fully three-fourths longer than the fourth, and is evenly and
somewhat parabolically rounded behind.

3. T. impressulus n. sp.—Moderately stout, convex, highly polished,
the head and pronotum subimpunctate and clothed very sparsely with fine sub-
decumbent hairs, the elytra finely, sparsely but distinctly punctate, the punc-
tures becoming rather gradually coarse and more distinctly seriate in arrange-
ment toward base, with the pubescence moderate in length, suberect, coarse
and rather dense; body dark rufo-testaceous, piceous-black beneath, the abdo-
men paler at apex; head darker; legs and antennz pale flavo-testaceous, the
latter gradually darker or more rufous toward base; elytra varying from
rufo-testaceous to piceous-black throughout, sometimes just visibly and very

650 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

gradually and indefinitely paler toward base. Head wider than long, truncate
but not impressed at base; angles rounded; tempora thence straight and diver-
gent to the eyes, which are rather small and slightly prominent; antennze very
thick, fully as long as the head and prothorax, the penultimate joints strongly
transverse. Prothorax just visibly narrower than the head, a little longer than
wide, deeply and acutely constricted at basal two-fifths, the constriction with
coarse cellular sculpture; anterior lobe very strongly transverse and distinctly
impressed along the median line. £lytra short, barely one-half longer than
wide, twice as wide as the prothorax in the male, slightly wider in the female,
slightly inflated at the middle, obtuse and transversely arcuate at apex, the
humeri rather widely exposed and rounded to the prothorax; basal impressions
and omoplates obsolete. Abdomen finely and rather closely punctate. Legs
moderate in length, the hind tarsi slender. Length 2.38 mm.; width 0.8 mm.

North Carolina (Asheville).

The male sexual characters are nearly as in the preceding
species, the fifth ventral in the male being about one-half longer
than the fourth. In the female it is three-fourths longer than the
fourth, and more evenly rounded.

This species is allied to ¢nlerruptus, but may be distinguished
by the shorter, more unicolorous and more densely pubescent
elytra, impressed pronotum and somewhat smaller size. Three

specimens.
BAULIUS pn. gen.

The body is rather narrow, convex, subopaque from the minute
and very dense punctures and extremely short fine decumbent
pubescence. Head subhexagonal, rather longer than wide, convex,
the sides behind the eyes convergent and nearly straight for a
long distance, the base broadly, feebly arcuate; eyes rather large
and prominent; antenne long and very slender, with the third
and fourth joints equal and longer than the second; fourth palpal
joint only moderately dilated. Prothorax slightly narrower than
the head, much longer than wide, the anterior lobe subglobular,
the collar wide and prominent, cylindrical, the basal lobe gradu-
ally expanded to the base, the basal margin flat, defined by a
fine line. Elytra more than twice as wide as the prothorax,
nearly twice as long as wide, distinctly expanded behind, the sides
broadly arcuate; disk transversely impressed near the base, the
depression traversed by a perfectly even parallel-sided, narrow and
abruptly defined transverse fascia of pale yellowish-white. Legs
rather long, the femora feebly incrassate ; tibie cylindrical, clothed
with minute decumbent pubescence, longer than the tarsi; first

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 651

joint of the posterior tarsi scarcely as long as the remainder, the
third short. Mesosternum expanded in a broad, highly polished
impunctate and glabrous plate, its outline at the sides rounded
and not furnished with long setz, the episternum tumid, visible
from above, discontinuous in level with the met-episternum, the
mes-epimeron very narrow and subobsolete.

The type is Anthicus tenuis of LeConte (Ann. Lyc., N. Y., V,
p. 153), very abundant in the desert regions from western Texas to
southern California. The male has the fifth ventral much longer
than the preceding, rather strongly rounded at apex and unmodi-
fied, the sixth or genital segment coriaceous, emarginate in the
middle at apex, the copulatory spicule abruptly narrowed and
prolonged for a short distance at apex.

MALPORUS 2. gen.

In this genus the head is more strongly and circularly rounded
behind than in Lappus, and the sculpture and vestiture of the body
are peculiar, the elytra being very coarsely and unequally punc-
tate and bristling with long erect tactile setz. The last joint of
the maxillary palpi is moderate in size, and very different from
the form occurring in the genus Lappus. Our species may be
distinguished thus :—

Elytral punctures distinct throughout the disk, though fine and remote toward
apex, closer and coarse before the middle; posterior part of the disk but
slightly convex in profile; elytra but slightly narrowed toward base.

Prothorax very strongly constricted; body throughout more sparsely punc-
tate, the elytra without an apical pale spot............... 1. formicarius
Prothorax much less strongly constricted; punctures throughout denser;
elytra more parallel, the pale fascia less basal, each having an apical pale
spot; antennze longer and more slendet..........-......020eeeeeeees 2. cinctus

Elytra devoid of distinct punctuation, except in the subbasal impression

which is strong.

Elytra elongate, the pronotum not impressed..................+5 3. properus
Elytra much shorter and more strongly convex in profile, the pronotum
feebly impressed along the median line..................seeeeeeees 4. bDlandus

The corneous copulatory sheath of the male is elaborately modi-
fied in this genus as described below, the efferent duct lying ina
cavity of the under surface. In comparing this structure, which
is the prevailing type throughout the Anthicini, with the pro-
jecting “spike” which I have previously noted in Hymenorus
(Col. Not. III, pp. 70, 89), the homology seems to be evident,

652 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

and the organ there alluded to is probably the mobile efferent duct.
bent downward from the protecting corneous sheath.

1. M. formicarius Laf.—Mon., p. 185; Lec.: Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila.,
1852, p. 97; cinctus var. A, Say: Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1819, p. 278
(Anthicus).

Moderately stout, highly polished, black, the bases of the pro-
thorax and elytra feebly rufescent; sterna and antenne toward
base, rufo-testaceous; legs blackish, the tarsi and base of the
femora testaceous. Head subimpunctate, rather longer than
wide, semi-circularly rounded behind the eyes, which are moderate
in size and rather prominent; occiput with a foveiform impression
at the middle of the base ; antennz long, distinctly and gradually
incrassate, the tenth joint slightly longer than wide, the third and
fourth elongate and subequal. Prothorax much longer than wide,
distinctly narrower than the head, globularly convex before the con-
striction and expanded toward base,the punctures minute and very
remote, except in the middle toward base,where they become larger,
dense and distinct. Elytra almost twice as long as wide, feebly
dilated behind, about two and one-half times as long as the pro-
thorax, the scutellar impression deep, the omoplates prominent ;
disk scarcely visibly impressed near the base, but having a trans-
verse and well defined yellow band at basal fourth interrupted
at the suture; punctures coarse and sparse from the base to about
the middle, thence gradually very fine and remote to the apex,
the pubescence short, stiff, semi-erect and remote, with erect
widely dispersed bristles intermingled. Abdomen shining and
sparsely pubescent. Length 3.0-3.5 mm., width 0.8-1.0 mm.

Rhode Island to Iowa. The type above described is a male
from the shores of Narragansett Bay, and differs slightly from
some of the western specimens in its smaller size, rather narrower
head and sparser punctuation.

The wdeagus of this species is very complex. The genital
seoment is short and simple, with a rounded shallow sinuation at
the middle of the apex subequal in extent and degree of curva-
ture to the lateral lobes. The efferent duct is extremely long
and slender, lying in the wide deep inferior opening of a long
broad sheath, which is. parallel-sided and flattened dorsally for
the greater part of its length, but narrowed near the apex,
where it becomes split into three lobes of equal length, the
two lateral hollowed internally and finely setose within at

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 653

tip, the median being drawn out to a very minute slender
point ; the slenderintromittent duct proper, lying within the widely
open under surface of this sheath, is cylindrical and feebly,
broadly constricted at apical fourth, failing to attain the tip of
the acute median process of the sheath by a fifth or sixth of its
own length; it is gradually and feebly bent downward toward
apex. The entire organ as protruded in this specimen is rather
more than one-half as long as the abdomen.

2. M. cimetus Say—Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1819, p. 278; Lec.:
Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 97 (Anthicus).

This species differs from formicarius in its larger size, longer,
more filiform, scarcely incrassate antenne, much larger and more
prominent eyes, denser punctures of the pronotum and elytra, the
latter being more parallel and scarcely at all dilated behind the
middle, and in coloration, cinctus being pale rufo-testaceous in
color, with the elytra blackish except toward base, and with an
apical pale spot which is always wanting in formicarius; it also
differs in the position of the transverse pale fascia, this being sit-
uated more nearly at basal third than fourth. In the present
species the omoplates are very prominent, but the transverse im-
pression of the elytra behind them is obsolete. Length 3.7 mm.;
width 1.2 mm.

Illinois and Iowa. Apparently not abundant.

3. M. properus n. sp.—Rather slender and convex, highly polished,
dark rufo-piceous, the elytra black except at base; antennze more obscure to-
ward apex. Head orbicular, not longer than wide, convex, minutely, very
remotely punctate, semi-circularly rounded behind, very broadly and obso-
letely impressed at base; eyes rather large and prominent; antennie slender,
very feebly incrassate, more than two-fifths as long as the body, the third
joint slightly longer than the fourth, tenth much longer than wide. Prothorax
distinctly narrower than the head and longer than wide, globularly convex
before the constriction, expanded toward the distinct basal margin; disk sub-
impunctate except toward the middle posteriorly, where the punctures are
coarse and dense. Elytra elongate, twice as long as wide, a little more than
twice as wide as the prothorax, feebly dilated behind the middle, thence grad-
ually and not very obtusely rounded behind; humeri widely exposed, the
mes-episterna visible from above; disk deeply impressed near the scutellum,
the omoplates prominent; transverse constriction near the base strong, the
portion of the surface thence to the apex moderately convex in profile; punc-
tures minute and very widely dispersed throughout, except in the transverse
depression, where they become coarse, and where there is a transverse even

654 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

and non-interrupted fascia of pale yellow. Under surface shining, the ab-
domen finely, sparsely punctate. Legs long and slender, the femora feebly
thickened. Length 3.3 mm.; width 0.9 mm.

Iowa (Keokuk); Indiana.

The strong basal impression and minute punctuation of the
elytra, larger eyes and slender, scarcely incrassate antenne, will
readily distinguish this species from formicarius. The trans-
verse fascia is more basal than in formicarius, being at about basal
fifth, and the sexual characters of the male are very different, the
genital segment being emarginate almost throughout its width,
the bottom of the emargination broadly trisinuate; the hind tibiz
are bisinuate in curvature. The erect sparse sete of the elytra
are very long and conspicuous.

4. M. blandus n. sp.—Moderately stout, strongly convex, highly pol-
ished, piceous-black; basal parts of the antennz and elytra rufescent. Head
rather longer than wide, convex, minutely, remotely punctate, broadly rounded
at base and not impressed, the temporal angles less broadly rounded; eyes
large, prominent; antennze two-fifths as long as the body, rather thick, mod-
erately incrassate, the third joint distinctly longer than the fourth, tenth but
little longer than wide. Prothorax small, very much narrower and rather
shorter than the head, a little longer than wide, the anterior lobe transversely
oval, the basal expanded to the distinct hind margin; collar wide and pro-
nounced; disk subimpunctate, except finely and rather sparsely in the middle
toward base, impressed along the median line almost throughout the length.
Elytra short, barely three-fourths longer than wide, much wider behind the
middle than at base, and about two and one-half times as wide as the pro-
thorax, thence broadly, rather obtusely rounded behind, the humeri widely
exposed, the mes-episternum only very minutely visible from above, feebly de-
hiscent near the apex, the sutural angles rounded; fine elevated margin of the
suture terminating at some distance before the apex; disk deeply impressed
behind the scutellum, the omoplates prominent, also strongly and transversely
impressed at basal fifth, the impression alone strongly punctate and transversely
fasciate with yellow; surface thence to the apex strongly convex in profileand
minutely remotely and scarcely visibly punctate; erect setee long and remote,
the finer inclined hairs only distinet toward base. Abdomen polished, black,
finely, remotely punctulate. Legs long and slender. Length 3.0 mm.; width
0.9 mm.

New York (Willets Point, Long Island).

This very distinct species may be distinguished from properus
by its smaller, less punctate and feebly canaliculate prothorax,
with the anterior lobe more transverse, by its shorter, more pos-
teriorly convex elytra, shorter and stouter antenne, unimpressed
occiput and many other characters.

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 655

NATHICUS nt. gen.

The general aspect of the only species at present assignable to
this genus recalls some of the members of Vacusus in sculpture
and coloration. The body is sparsely clothed with short hairs,
the head truncate at base, with rather large convex and coarsely
faceted eyes, the terminal joint of the maxillary palpi small and
securiform and the antenne moderately elongate. Prothorax
broad, evenly and moderately convex, with the collar extremely
short, and the basal margin narrowed strongly toward the middle
in a peculiar manner, the lateral constriction much feebler than
in Baulius or Malporus, nearer the base and rounded. Scutellum
small, triangular, finely and densely sculptured, densely pubes-
cent. Elytra with well exposed humeri, the short sparse vesti-
ture intermingled only toward apex with a few very short erect
and remotely scattered sete. Sexual characters not observed
and apparently very feeble.

1. N. wirginize n. sp.—Moderately stout and convex, polished, pale rufo-
testaceous, the legs pale flavate; elytra with the basal margin, a broad fascia at
or just before the middle and another at apex, the latter slightly prominent
anteriorly at the suture, black; vestiture short, sparse, subdecumbent, rather
coarse on the elytra. Head a little wider than long, transversely truncate but
not distinctly impressed at base, the angles rounded to the eyes, the tempora
much less prominent; eyes large, very convex, prominent and at about one-
half their length from the base; surface moderately convex, rather finely but
strongly and somewhat sparsely punctate, with a large subimpunctate median
area; antennz moderately slender, barely as long as the head and prothorax,
distinctly incrassate toward apex, the third joint longer than the fourth,
tenth trapezoidal, scarcely as long as wide, the eleventh short, conoidal. Pro-
thorax distinctly narrower than the head, as long as wide, the anterior lobe
nearly three-fourths of the entire length, wider than long, with the sides
evenly and circularly arcuate; basal lobe expanded at base, the latter broadly
arcuate and four-fifths as wide as the disk; apical collar very short, broad,
conical, separated from the lobe by an extremely fine impressed line; disk
feebly and broadly convex, rather coarsely, very closely punctate, the punc-
tures circular and in the form of a shallow basin, the hairs attached at the an-
terior wall. Elytra large, four-fifths longer than wide, a little more than
twice as wide as the prothorax, gradually narrowed and obtusely ogival in
apical third, completely concealing the pygidium, and each slightly rounded
at the extreme apex; sides parallel and broadly arcuate; humeri broadly and
obliquely exposed at base; disk with scarcely a trace of basal impression or
omoplates, coarsely deeply and not densely punctate, the punctures becoming
much smaller toward apex. Abdomen distinctly, sparsely and unevenly punc-

656 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

tate toward base, the punctures becoming gradually very minute und rather
dense towardapex. Prosternum before the coxze densely and finely punctato-
scabrous and clothed densely with long fine pubescence. Mesosternal process
very narrow, not extending to the apices of the coxe, and separated from the
short, obtusely cuspiform process of the metasternum by an appreciable in-
terval. Mesosternal epimeron with a posterior fringe of long dense hairs as in
Sapintus. Legs rather long, very slender. Length 3.0 mm.; width 1.05 mm.

Virginia (Fort Monroe).

This is one of the most conspicuous and interesting anthicides
of our fauna. I owe two specimens to the kindness of Messrs.
Hubbard and Schwarz.

LAPPUS n. gen.

The species composing this genus have heretofore been re-
garded as a simple section of Anthicus, but the structure of the
mesosternum and prothorax, as well as their peculiar general habi-
tus, demands a separation of them from that unwieldy complex.
They are very numerous in the United States, especially in the
arid southwestern country, as shown by the results of recent
skillful collecting in those regions.

This genus differs from the others more closely allied, in the
great development of the fourth joint of the maxillary palpi, and
the long tactile sets, which are so conspicuous a feature in’ Mal-
porus, are completely wanting; the punctuation is very fine and
dense as a rule, also in striking contrast to that genus. In re-
gard to the odeagus, I have seen no specimen with the apparatus
sufficiently protruded for examination, and I have not had
enough time or duplicate material to make dissections, but it
is doubtless somewhat complex in structure.

It is scarcely possible that Lappus can be identical with the
South American Ischyropalpus of LaFerté, for neither Lappus
obscurus nor L. sturmi (elegans) seems to have suggested to the
author an alliance with Zschyropalpus perplexus (Mon., p. 142),
but in case obscurus and perplexus should prove to be congeneric,
there is no reason why the name Ischyropalpus should not be re-
stricted to either sericans or trigonocephalus (1. ¢., pp. 148, 146),
as the first is probably, and the second certainly, generically dif-
ferent from perplexus.

Our species, so far as known, may be conveniently separated
by the following synoptic table :—

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 657

Group I.
Pronotum not tumid near the base.

Elytra dark, with a pale transverse fascia behind the base; antennze stout and
short, the tenth joint not at all longer than wide........... 1. pinalicus
Elytra unicolorous, or with the entire basal region paler; antennz long, fili-
form, frequently distinctly and very gradually incrassate.
Elytra erect ls transversely impressed near the base.................-seeeeee- 2
Elytra not impressed near the base, or very indistinctly so, smaller and more
delicate species, the eyes moderate or small in Size,................ceeee eee es 6
2— Anterior lobe of the prothorax almost evenly rounded at the sides, widest
atraboutbheammid dears seats sche ac aes icdun so tice vote Satiace sacle stelons seselocat se seis 3
Anterior lobe unevenly rounded, more strongly so and widest near the base,
the constriction more abrupt; posterior lobe gradually and moderately
expanded to the base; head strongly, asperately punctate and compara-

bivelivgs Sid alll sap CATO MM Aca lee ciois oe -siawisciens sreipeoce estates see ee vledeac ooaeeceaeee 5
23— Body and legs testaceous, the abdomen and posterior parts of the elytra
Generally lAacktOnmplceO tssedsckeseseerce ssc see cet eessioncea se sees sscoceeteerens 4
Bodyrand VessiblacksTHrOUSHOUt.....s00- 5. asncsoescse ones sleeeiece asec 2. obscurus

A—Head asperately and more closely punctate.
Anterior lobe of the prothorax subglobular; antennze very slender.
3. Vigilans
Anterior lobe distinctly transverse, the antenne a little shorter and thicker,
with the joints distinctly less elongate...................:.seeeeeees 4. cursor
Head minutely, remotely and not asperately punctate.
Elytra slightly or not at all narrowed at base; posterior lobe of the pro-
thorax gradually expanded to the basal margin.
Antennze slender, the joints greatly elongate and subcylindrical.
Elytra gradually narrowed behind the middle.................5. alacer
Elytra parallel, more abruptly and broadly rounded at apex.
6. nubilatus
Antenne shorter and stout, strongly incrassate, the joints obconical.
7. lividus
Elytra strongly narrowed at base, the posterior lobe of the prothorax cylin-
drical with the sides parallel; antennz rather stout and strongly incras-

Bens (CLEGAispl Mbalen Perper tecer nsec coeceu tonics cnacecseccastessiecsness 8. sturmi
#—Body completely black, the legs sometimes feebly picescent; antennz
MOd era teliyaiSlem Cle secseeewee ccc lecic cassis vosiae se)aiseisiseceideis sia sea cisions 9. nitidulus

Body rufo-testaceous, the abdomen and posterior parts of the elytra black.
Antennal joints moderately elongate, obconical, much thicker toward apex.
10. asperulus
Antennal joints greatly elongate, subcylindrical, only slightly thicker to-

Wil Cle: A Cnn eercmer crt aateiite aivosas snleis deice ciclelseiemtaciiatiaaassisisccs 11. canonicus
G—_ElvtrapalecatiWasemntey walsesscctassdsvadeqesdeaessadaet eseonesuaacacsseceneeeuteteiae sea 7
PlviGra Uni COLOROUSH Ee ceta sciiusee se tecious Sacicos atran oeivemeeece sts oss ism aGiocalgctesisiiiets saieeieeiass's 8

“{—Elytira very feebly impressed, slightly dilated behind the middle.
Eyes moderate, prominent; body black, the elytra pale only very near the
DASE ANLeNN com lON Or crsee. cee cescseseectdcmeeecessccemcdcecacsae 12. ornatellus

658 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

Eyes small; body testaceous, the elytra dark except in basal third or fourth;

antennce sShOrters acc: sccmseasee ss Mnaaiete vac sche wonseeathoese ce sstioe 13. vividus
Elytra not appreciably impressed, parallel; body pale testaceous throughout,
the elytra abruptly dark in apical three-fifths............ 14. bipartitus

S—Elytra distinctly impressed near the scutellum, the omoplates prominent.
Elytra parallel almost to the apex, abruptly and obtusely rounded behind.
Rufo-testaceous, the elytra piceous; prothorax large; head flattened an-
LELLOLLY;. soavsseccsacsceeseocod- cacti ane cexcslaece meee seene sauce 15. turgidicollis
Piceous throughout; prothorax small, the head convex...16. subtilis
Elytra gradually darrowed behind from just behind the middle, narrowly
TOUNMER Abia Pedi gadc asada yeasesaskeeeeessees sae encde sete ateremeaees 17. animatus
Elytra not distinctly impressed near the scutellum, nearly even, subparallel

toward base; prothorax not longer than wide; antenne long.
18. solivagans

Group II.

Pronotum with a strong tumid elevation near the base.

Reddish-testaceous, with the abdomen and posterior two-thirds of the elytra
Inlaekshse ss ieeteorgondones datecaer er wiocii scone sosrasaee eee eee 19. gibbithorax

1. L. pimalicus n. sp.—Rather slender, the elytra somewhat flat, rather
dull in lustre, rufo-piceous, the elytra black with a transverse flavate and ill-
defined fascia near the base ; antennze black, testaceous near the base; legs
pale. Head only feebly convex, scarcely as long as wide, broadly, evenly
arcuato-truncate at base, unimpressed, the eyes large, prominent, the tempora
short behind them, rounding into the base; surface finely, closely punctate
and feebly reticulate; antennze stout, incrassate, barely as long as the head and
prothorax, the tenth joint scarcely as long as wide, still broader in the female.
Prothorax large, very strongly convex, only slightly narrower than the head,
distinctly longer than wide, the anterior lobe large and subglobular, the pos-
terior rather short and parallel, the basal margin distinct; collar short; disk
finely evenly and rather closely punctate throughout, the pubescence fine and
short. lytra fully three-fourths longer than wide, twice as wide as the pro-
thorax, just visibly wider behind the middle than at base, thence gradually
narrowed to the tip, which is somewhat narrowly subtruncate; disk finely
evenly and densely punctate, the punctures asperate toward base, broadly, very
feebly, transversely impressed near the base along the wide yellow fascia;
omoplates scarcely at all prominent; ashy pubescence short, rather dense and
conspicuous. Under surface finely, sparsely punctate and pubescent. Legs
moderate in length, the femora rather stout. Length 2.1-2.6 mm.; width
0.65-0.7 mm.

Arizona (Pinal Mts.—near the southern border). Mr. Wick-
ham.

The male has the fifth ventral distinctly longer than the fourth,
narrowly truncate at tip and broadly, feebly impressed at the
center of the disk, the genital segment broadly, feebly sinuato-
truncate throughout its width.

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 659

2. L. obscurus Laf.—Mon., p. 116; Lec.: Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1252,
p. 96 ( Anthicus ).

Moderately stout, the elytra feebly narrowed behind the mid-
dle. the head and eyes rather small, shining, black throughout,
the punctures fine, close toward the median line of the prothorax
and slightly coarser in basal fourth of the elytra, where also the
pubescence becomes pale ashy, coarser and distinct though
scarcely denser. The subbasal impression of the elytra is only
moderately distinct. Length 2.65 mm.; width 0.85 mm.

The specimens in my cabinet are females and were taken in
Pennsylvania, North Carolina (Asheville) and Indiana. The
species has been well described by LaFerté.

3. L. vigilans n. sp.—Polished, dark rufo-testaceous, the abdomen, pos-
terior parts of the elytra and antennz from the fourth or fifth joint, piceous-black.
Head rather large, wider than long, strongly, rather closely, asperately punc-
tate, each puncture bearing a stiff and posteriorly recurved blackish hair; base
broadly arcuate; eyes large and prominent, the tempora very short, the tem-
poral angles feebly evident; antennz long and very slender, fully one-half as
long as the body, just visibly incrassate, the tenth joint on the compressed side
nearly one-half longer than wide, the eleventh more than twice as long as wide.
Prothorax much narrower than the head, longer than wide, the anterior lobe
subglobular, very slightly wider than long, the posterior one-third the total
length, strongly expanded to the distinct basal margin; surface finely, very
remotely punctate, the punctures becoming close anteriorly and toward the
middle except toward base; pubescence inconspicuous. Llytra large, very
nearly twice as long as wide, twice as wide as the prothorax, slightly dilated
behind the middle, thence gradually and feebly narrowed, the apex not very
broadly rounded; transverse impression distinct, the post-scutellar broad and
feeble; omoplates large and but slightly prominent; surface finely, rather
sparsely punctate, the punctures becoming slightly more distinct and very feebly
asperate toward base; pubescence fine, dark and not distinct posteriorly but
coarse dense cinereous and conspicuous in the basal pale area, the hairs stream-
ing obliquely outward in the impression, giving a sericeous appearance.
Abdomen polished, sparsely pubescent. Legs rather long and distinctly stout
throughout. Length 3.0 mm.; width 0.9 mm.

California (Lake Co.).

A fine species resembling cursor in general habitus, but differ-
ing in its larger size, more slender antenne and narrower pro-
thorax, with relatively shorter posterior lobe. The type is a
male, having the fifth segment unmodified on the disk, but feebly
subtruncate at apex, the genital segment broadly, feebly sinuato-

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., VIII, Sept., 1895—45

660 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

truncate throughout the width, with the lateral angles slightly,
acute and prominent.

4. L. cursor n. sp.—Moderately shining, dark rufo-testaceous, the abdo-
men, posterior three-fourths of the elytra and antennz except toward base, black;
basal fourth of the elytra more flavate. Head a little wider than long, moder-
ately convex, finely but strongly, rather closely and asperately punctate,
feebly pubescent, broadly arcuate and unimpressed at base; eyes large and
prominent, the tempora short; temporal angles rather distinct; antennz
slender, feebly incrassate, one-half as long as the body, the tenth joint much
longer than wide. Prothoraxv distinctly narrower than the head and longer
than wide, the apical lobe broad, transversely oval, very abruptly limited by
the constriction, the posterior occupying two-fifths of the total length, feebly
and gradually expanded tothe basal margin; collar rather narrow but distinct;
surface strongly convex, finely evenly and closely punctate. Elytra nearly
twice as long as wide, scarcely more than twice as wide as the prothorax, just
visibly wider behind the middle than at base, thence feebly, gradually nar-
rowed and not broadly rounded at apex; humeri widely exposed; post scutel-
lar impression broad and feeble, the omoplates scarcely prominent; transverse
impression at basal fifth broad and very pronounced; disk closely punctate,
the punctures rather coarse toward base, minute but not more distant toward
apex; pubescence fine short and close, rather dark in color and inconspicuous
but becoming pale, coarser, denser and more conspicuous in the pale area at
basal fourth. Abdomen polished, minutely, remotely punctate and sparsely
pubescent. Legs long and slender. Length 2.9 mm.; width 0.85 mm.

Texas (El Paso); Arizona (Seligman and Peach Springs).

I took the single male type at El Paso some years ago, and the
Arizona specimens, collected by Mr. Wickham, do not seem to
differ, the male from Peach Springs being simply a little more
sparsely punctate; two specimens, marked “ Kansas,” are also
atiached, as the differences presented are purely varietal. The
male has the fifth ventral broadly rounded behind, becoming
feebly subtruncate in the middle and unmodified on the disk, the
genital segment broadly, feebly sinuato-truncate throughout the
width.

The last joint of the maxillary palpi is very large and wide,
with the outer side but little longer than the inner.

5. L. alacer n. sp.—Narrow, polished, pale rufo-testaceous, the abdomen,
elytra in posterior two-thirds and antennz except toward base, blackish.
Head rather wider than long, moderately convex, minutely, sparsely punctate,
broadly arcuate at base and unimpressed; eyes very large and prominent, the
tempora short and convergent, merging by a feebly marked angle into the
base; antennz long and very slender, rather more than one-half as long as the

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 661

-body, very feebly incrassate, the tenth joint much longer than wide. Protho-
rax much narrower than the head, slightly longer than wide, very convex,
minutely and very sparsely punctate, the anterior lobe slightly transverse, the
posterior strongly expanded to the well marked basal margin; pubescence in-
conspicuous. Elytra long, twice as long as wide, twice as wide as the protho-
rax, very slightly dilated behind the middle, thence gradually narrowed, the
apex not very broadly rounded; humeri broadly exposed, the mes-episternum
slightly visible from above as usual; disk broadly strongly and transversely
impressed at basal fourth, the post-scutellar impression rather feeble, the omo-
plates large and moderately distinct; punctures fine and sparse, becoming
relatively coarse, asperate and closer in the basal pale area; pubescence minute
and very inconspicuous behind, but coarse, pale, closer and distinct toward
base. Abdomen polished, minutely, remotely punctate, sparsely, somewhat
coarsely pubescent. Legs moderate in length, the femora rather stout.
Length 2.7.mm.; width 0.75 mm.

Utah (southwestern).

The sparse punctuation, narrower form and still longer, more
slender antennze, will prove sufficient to distinguish this fine spe-
cies from the preceding, which it resembles in general facies.
The single male in my cabinet has the fifth ventral rather broadly
truncate at apex, but unmodified on the disk, the genital segment
broadly, feebly sinuato-truncate throughout its width.

6. L. nubilatus n. sp.—Narrow, polished, pale rufo-testaceous, the abdo-
men, posterior parts of the elytra and antennze except toward base, piceous-black.
Head scarcely wider than long, a little less than semi-circularly rounded be-
hind, the temporal angles slightly visible; eyes large, prominent; surface con-
vex, finely, remotely punctate, the punctures becoming slightly asperate ante-
riorly; antennz long, very slender, feebly incrassate, rather more than one-
half as long as the body, the tenth joint much longer than wide. Prothoraz
rather small and narrow, much narrower than the head and decidedly elongate,
strongly convex, the anterior lobe large, slightly wider than long, the posterior
distinctly expanded toward base; punctures minute and very remote, except
toward the median line before the middle and at apex, where they become
much denser; pubescence inconspicuous. Elytra scarcely twice as long as wide,
rather more than twice as wide as the prothorax, not perceptibly dilated be-
hind the middle, abruptly, broadly rounded behind, the sides parallel; post-
scutellar impression narrow and deep, the omoplates large and prominent;
transverse impression broad and deep, punctures and pubescence minute,
sparse and inconspicuous, except in the pale area at basal third or fourth,
where they become coarser and denser, the former asperate. Abdomen polished,
feebly pubescent. Legs long and slender. Length 2.65 mm.; width 0.7 mm.

Arizona.
This species, and the two preceding, are unusually closely allied
among themselves, but nubilatus may be distinguished from both

662 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

by the greater extension of the head behind the eyes and parallel
elytra, which are abruptly and broadly rounded at apex and not
gradually narrowed behind the middle. From cursor, in addi-
tion, it may be known by its smaller size, much narrower form,
narrower and less transverse anterior lobe of the prothorax and
much sparser punctuation throughout, and, from alacer, by its
narrower prothorax, with the punctures denser along the middle
anteriorly, narrow and strong post-scutellar impression and
several other characters. The sexual characters of the single
male before me are nearly similar to those of alacer.

7. L. lividus n. sp.—Narrow, the elytra rather depressed, polished, pale
rufo-testaceous, the abdomen except at base, the elytra behind the middle and
the last five joints of the antennz blackish; elytra frequently entirely pale.
Head rather large, convex, minutely and very sparsely punctate, slightly
wider than long, broadly arcuate at base; eyes large, prominent, the tempora
very short, quite perceptibly angulate; antennz scarcely one-half as long as
the body, rapidly and strongly incrassate, the tenth joint scarcely as long as.
wide, obconical. Prothorax large, only slightly narrower than the head,
slightly elongate, the anterior lobe transversely oval, the posterior about one-
third of the total length, distinctly expanded to the basal margin; collar small
and short; disk very convex, minutely and sparsely punctate throughout, the
vestiture inconspicuous. E/ytra about three-fourths longer than wide, scarcely
more than two-thirds wider than the prothorax, quite distinctly dilated be-
hind the middle, thence gradually narrowed to the apex, which is not very
broadly subtruncate; humeri widely exposed but obliquely rounded at base;
surface transversely and strongly impressed near the base, the post-scutellar
impression distinct; omoplates moderately prominent; punctures fine, sparse,
scarcely more distinct toward base, where the vestiture becomes more con-
spicuous but still rather sparse, the hairs tending to stream transversely out-
ward in the transverse impression. Abdomen shining, the legs rather long and
slender. Length 2.7-2.9 mm. ; width 0.7—0.8 mm.

Texas (San Antonio).

The male has the fifth segment unmodified, feebly truncate at
apex, the genital segment broadly and deeply sinuato-truncate
throughout its width, the lateral angles rather prominent. This
well marked species is represented by three specimens.

8. L. sturmai Laf.—Mon., p. 304; elegans
Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 96 ( Anthicus).

Wats: 1ve:, pwd; ech) Proc

This very distinct species is amply described by LaFerté under
the preoccupied name elegans. My two specimens were taken at
Asheville, North Carolina. Length 2.7 mm.; width 0.75 mm.

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 663

The male has a strong internal and subprominent dilatation of
the posterior tibiw just beyond the middle, the fifth ventral feebly
subtruncate, with the surface slightly more finely reticulate and
clothed with longer stiffer hairs toward the middle, and the geni-
tal segment, as usual, broadly sinuato-truncate. Stwrmi is prob-
ably asomewhat local species and does not appear to be abundant.

9. L. nitidulus Lec.—Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., N. Y., V., p. 153; Proc.
Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 96 (Anthicus).

Moderately stout, polished, black throughout, the legs and base
of the antennz scarcely paler, picescent. Head small, wider than
long, broadly rounded behind from eye to eye, not impressed, the
temporal angles just traceable; eyes rather large; surface finely,
rather closely and asperately punctate; antennz not quite one-
half as long as the body, incrassate, the tenth joint but slightly
longer than wide. Prothorax large and convex transversely and
longitudinally, very slightly narrower than the head, a little
longer than wide, the anterior lobe transverse and with its widest
point at its basal fourth; posterior lobe with its sides straight and
just visibly divergent to the base; punctures fine and not dense.
Elytra long, twice as long as wide, twice as wide as the prothorax,
feebly dilated behind the middle. thence slightly narrowed to the
apex, which is broadly, obtusely rounded; scutellar impression
broad and distinct, the omoplates large and moderately promi-
nent; transverse impression moderate; punctures fine, sparse,
only slightly closer and more distinct toward base; pubescence
sparse throughout, paler and coarser near the base but scarcely
denser. Length 2.75 mm.; width 0.85 mm.

California. The male has feebly marked sexual characters, as
in cursor and alacer. This description refers to the typical
nitidulus, but among my large series from various parts of the
State, it is easy to distinguish a number of more or less well »
marked varieties, some of them so marked that there can be but
little doubt that there are several closely allied species included ;
they all agree, however, in having the head comparatively small
and strongly, asperately punctate, and the anterior lobe of the
prothorax widest near its base. Most of them have the basal
parts of the elytra paler, the completely black forms, which may
be regarded as typical, being rather rare. One specimen is from
southwestern Utah.

664 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

10. L. asperulus n. sp.—Moderately stout and shining, dark rufo-tes-
taceous, the elytra posteriorly, abdomen and antennze, except near the base,
blackish; legs pale. Head small, moderately convex, very strongly, closely
and asperately punctate, broadly rounded behind, the temporal angles quite
distinct; eyes rather large; antennze less than one-half as long as the body,
rather stout, incrassate, the tenth joint barely longer than wide. Prothorax
only slightly narrower than the head, a little longer than wide, the anterior
lobe transverse, strongly rounded and widest at about its basal third; basal
lobe wide and large, with its sides straight and evenly, moderately divergent
from the sharply angulate constriction to the basal margin, which is distinet
and flat; surface convex, finely, rather sparsely punctate; pubescence not con-
spicuous. lytra broad and rather short, scarcely more than two-thirds longer
than wide, fully twice as wide as the head, slightly wider behind the middle
than at base, broadly rounded behind; humeri very widely exposed; scutellar
impression feeble, the omoplates moderately prominent; transverse impression
distinct; punctures moderately close, conspicuous and asperulate throughout:
the disk. Abdomen polished, sparsely pubescent, the legs moderate in length,
with the femora rather stout. Length 2.6 mm.; width 0.85 mm.

Oregon (Portland).

The type of this species is unfortunately a female, but its elytra.
are much shorter than in any of the forms of nztidulus which I
have seen, and the antennal joints are also much shorter. As itis
unique, it is impossible to pronounce any definite opinion con-
cerning the normality of the elytral asperities, and they may possi-
bly be due to accident in this individual. I have, however, a good
series collected in the Hoopa Val., Humboldt Co., Cal., which
agree fairly well in form, color and structure with the Oregon
type, but which have the elytra smooth; they may be regarded as
conspecific until more individuals of the form selected for descrip-
tion can be obtained.

11. L. canonicus n. sp.—Narrow, polished, rufo-piceous, the abdomen
and elytra black, the latter pale testaceous in basal third or fourth; legs and
antennz pale testaceous, the latter blackish toward apex. Head wider than
long, moderately convex, strongly, asperately punctate, broadly rounded at
base, the temporal angles short and feebly defined; eyes rather large and
prominent; antennz one-half as long as the body, slender, very feebly incras-
sate, the tenth joint on the compressed side at least one-third longer than
wide. Prothoraxy much narrower than the head, elongate, very convex, min-
utely and sparsely punctate, the anterior lobe but slightly wider than long,
widest very near its base, the sides thence circularly rounded to the distinct
cylindrical collar; posterior lobe almost one-half of the total length, gradually
expanded to the basal margin, with its sides somewhat sinuate. Elytra twice
as long as wide and twice as wide as the prothorax, slightly dilated near the
middle, feebly narrowed behind, the apex rather narrowly subtruncate; sub-

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 665

basal impression strong, the post-scutellar narrow and distinct, the omoplates
rather prominent; punctures minute and very sparse even toward base; ves-
titure sparse throughout, coarser and cinereous toward base. Abdomen pol-
ished, sparsely pubescent, the legs long and slender. Length, 2.4-2.9 mm.;
width 0.7—0.85 mm.

California (southern). Mr. H. C. Fall.

In the male the fifth ventral is unmodified, very broadly rounded
behind, the genital segment as usual broadly, feebly sinuato-trun-
cate. This species is allied to the two preceding, but differs from
both in its much narrower form of body and more elongate and
slender antenne; from nitidulus it differs also in color, relatively
much smaller and narrower prothorax, larger head and stronger
subbasal impression of the elytra, and, from asperulus, in its
very much sparser elytral punctures, among other features.
Three specimens.

12. L. ornatellus n. sp.—Narrow, polished, black or blackish, the legs
concolorous; antenne testaceous toward base; elytra with the basal margin pale;
pubescence fine and very sparse, dark in color and entirely inconspicuous, ex-
cept in basal third of the elytra, where it becomes cinereous and coarser but
not-denser. Head about as long as wide, convex, minutely, remotely punc-
tate, rounded at base, the tempora moderately long with obtusely rounded
angles; eyes moderate in size, prominent; antennze one-half as long as the
body, moderately slender, very feebly incrassate, the tenth joint distinctly
longer than wide, the eleventh as long as the preceding two in the male. Pro-
thorax rather large, quite distinctly narrower than the head and longer than
wide, strongly convex, minutely, remotely punctate throughout, the anterior
lobe distinctly transverse, widest behind the middle, the posterior lobe two-
fifths of the total length, with the sides feebly divergent and straight to the
base; margin flat, the collar wide and distinct. E/ytra not quite twice as long
as wide, two-thirds wider than the prothorax, slightly dilated behind the
middle, the sides thence distinctly convergent to the narrowly subtruncate
apex; scutellar impression broad, the omoplates large and distinct, the trans-
verse impression subobsolete; punctures minute and sparse throughout, only
slightly more distinct toward base. Abdomen polished, sparsely pubescent,
the legs slender. Length 2.4 mm.; width 0.7 mm.

Arizona (near the Grand Canon). Dr. Prudden.

The male has the fifth ventral broadly and just visibly sinuate
at apex, the genital segment feebly sinuato-truncate. Three speci-
mens.

This is the only bicolored species which has the pale area of
the elytra confined to the base, and not extending behind the
omoplates.

666 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

13. L. vividus n. sp.—Narrow, polished, pale flavo-testaceous, the ab-
domen fuscous; elytra in posterior two-thirds piceous or blackish; antennze
black except toward base. Head fully as long as wide, minutely, very re-
motely punctate, rather strongly rounded behind, the temporal angles very
obtuse and scarcely distinguishable; eyes moderately large, prominent; an-
tenn rather short and somewhat.stout, longer than the head and prothorax,
the tenth joint slightly longer than wide. Prothorax distinctly narrower than
the head and longer than wide, minutely, remotely punctate throughout, the
anterior lobe slightly transverse, widest a little behind the middle, the collar
rather narrow but distinct; posterior lobe gradually dilated to the base, about
one-third of the total length; pubescence inconspicuous. Elytra four-fifths
longer than wide and twice as wide as the prothorax, quite distinctly dilated
behind the middle, moderately broadly subtruncate at apex; humeri only
moderately exposed at base; omoplates slightly prominent; transverse impres-
sion almost completely obsolete; punctures minute and sparse, becoming
notably stronger and closer in the basal pale area; pubescence fine and incon-
spicuous, coarser and cinereous but scarcely at all denser in basal third. Ab-
domen polished, sparsely pubescent, the legs slender. Length 2.2 mm.;
width 0.65 mm.

Arizona (Tucson and Pinal Mts.).

The four specimens before me are females and represent a well
defined, small and very delicate species, not closely allied to any
other here described.

14. L. bipartitus n. sp.—Subparallel, the elytra rather depressed, polished
throughout, pale flavo-testaceous, the abdomen except at base and elytra, ab-
ruptly in posterior three-fifths, blackish; antennz gradually fuscous toward
apex. Head but very slightly wider than long, convex, minutely and re-
motely punctate, transversely rounded at base, the temporal angles well-
marked though obtusely rounded; eyes rather large and prominent; antennie
moderately slender, fully one-half as long as the body, the outer joints just
visibly thicker, the tenth distinctly elongate. Prothorax large and thick, con-
vex, slightly narrower than the head and a little longer than wide, minutely,
evenly and not very sparsely punctate; anterior lobe somewhat transverse,
oval, large, widest near the middle, the posterior lobe rather short and wide,
parallel; lateral constriction not extending at all obliquely upon the disk.
Elytra three-fourths longer than wide, very nearly twice as wide as the pro-
thorax, the sides almost perfectly parallel and nearly straight; apex somewhat
abruptly and broadly truncate; omoplates broad and feeble; surface finely,
sparsely punctate, the punctures but slightly more distinct and not closer
toward base, where the pubescence is slightly more distinct especially along
the flanks. Abdomen sparsely, rather coarsely pubescent, the legs slender.
Length 2.4 mm.; width 0.75 mm.

California (Yuma). Mr. Wickham.
The only species with which this peculiar form could be con-

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 667

founded is turgidicollis, and from that it can be at once separated
by its elongate antennz and much more convex head, besides
elytral coloration. It is represented by a single female specimen.

15. L. turgidicollis n. sp.—Narrow, the elytra rather flat, polished,
pale testaceous, the elytra throughout, abdomen except at base, and antennz
toward apex, more or less dark piceous or blackish. Head rather longer than
wide, finely, sparsely punctate, the front flattened or even slightly concave
toward the median line and more densely reticulate; base transversely arcuate,
the tempora subparallel and nearly as long as the eyes, which are moderately
large, prominent and distinctly setose; antennie very stout, feebly incrassate,
about as long as the head and prothorax, the tenth joint not at all longer than
wide. Prothorax large, very convex, finely, evenly and rather sparsely punc-
tate, only slightly narrower than the head, though much longer than wide,
the anterior lobe large, globular, not transverse, the basal lobe rather short,
dilated to the base; constriction not extending obliquely upon the disk; pubes-
cence scarcely distinct. Elytra three-fourths longer than wide, barely twice as
wide as the prothorax, parallel and nearly straight at the sides, the apex
rather abruptly, broadly subtruncate; disk even, the omoplates rather small
and moderately developed ; punctures fine and moderately sparse, becoming
subobsolete toward apex; vestiture only slightly more distinct toward base.
Abdomen finely punctulate, not very remotely pubescent, the legs slender.
Length 2.4 mm.; width 0.7 mm.

California (southern). Mr. Dunn.

The parallel, even and slightly flattened elytra, large prothorax,
depressed front and elongate parallel tempora, will enable the
student to identify this singular species, and the latter character
will also distinguish it from bipartitus, in addition to the charac-
ters given under that heading. It is represented by a single
female example.

16. L. subtilis n. sp.—Narrow, shining, dark piceous-brown through-
out, the head and prothorax a little more rufous; legs concolorous; antennz
black, pale flavo-testaceous toward base. Head orbicular, scarcely wider than
long, convex, finely, sparsely punctate; eyes moderately large, convex, the
tempora convergent and rounded behind them for a considerable distance, the
base transversely arcuate, the angles very obtuse, feebly traceable; antennz
about one-half as long as the body, quite distinctly and very gradually in-
crassate, the tenth joint slightly longer than wide. Prothoraz moderate in
size, much narrower than the head and slightly elongate, convex, finely
sparsely punctate, the anterior lobe distinctly wider than long, oval, widest
near the middle, the posterior fully one-third of the total length, of moderate
width, gradually and distinctly expanded to the basal margin. £lytra three-
fourths longer than wide, fully twice as wide as the prothorax, the sides par-
allel, feebly arcuate behind, the apex moderately broadly truncate; disk

668 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

nearly even, the omoplates large, moderately prominent, slightly oblique;
punctures fine and sparse throughout, the pubescence short but rather coarse
and distinct over the entire surface. Abdomen polished, sparsely pubescent,
the legs moderate in length, slender. Length 2.1 mm.; width 0.65 mm.

New Mexico (Gallup). Mr. Wickham.

A small delicate species of piceous color, represented in my
cabinet by two perfectly similar females. The elytra are scarcely
as abruptly truncate at apex as in furgidicollis, but very much
more so than in animatus.

17. L. animatus n. sp.—Slender, rather convex, shining; hind body
above and beneath black throughout, the head, prothorax, legs and basal parts
of the antennze rufo-piceous. Head fully as long as wide, convex, finely,
rather sparsely, subasperately punctate, the punctures mingled with short
feeble reticulations, transversely rounded at base, the tempora parallel and
much shorter than the eyes, which are moderately large and prominent; tem-
poral angles rather pronounced; antennz somewhat thick and strongly in-
crassate, not quite one-half as long as the body, the tenth joint not longer
than wide. Prothoraaz quite distinctly narrower than the head and elongate,
strongly convex, finely, evenly and somewhat closely punctate, the punctures
subasperate toward apex; anterior lobe large, not wider than long, widest near
the base, the sides thence circularly rounded to the collar; posterior lobe rather
less than one-third of the total length and relatively somewhat wide, ex-
panded feebly to the base; disk with a short impressed median line near
the base. Elytra long, twice as long as wide, not quite twice as wide as the
prothorax, scarcely visibly wider at the middle, but thence obliquely nar-
rowed to the apex, which is narrowly subtruncate; omoplates feeble; nunc-
tures fine and rather close, the pubescence fine, gradually less visible toward
apex. Abdomen narrow, elongate and gradually narrowed, polished, the legs
rather long and slender. Length 2.3 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

Arizona (Benson). Mr. Dunn.

The male has the apex of the fifth ventral broadly and feebly
sinuate, the disk not modified, the genital segment deeply sinu-
ato-truncate throughout its width, with the angles rather obtusely
prominent and the hind tibiz gradually narrowed internally
toward base. ‘Two specimens.

18. L. solivagamns n. sp.—Narrow and elongate, moderately convex, rather
dull, black, the head, prothorax and antennz, except toward apex, dark rufo-
piceous. Head slightly wider than long, convex, rather finely and sparsely,
but strongly and subasperately punctate, transversely rounded at base, the
tempora short and convergent around the distinctly traceable basal angles;
eyes moderately large, prominent; antenne slender, very feebly incrassate,
about one-half as long as the body, the tenth joint much longer than wide.
Prothorax subequal in width to the head, not longer than wide, convex,

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 669

strongly, somewhat densely punctate, the anterior lobe very large, strongly
transverse, oval, widest at about the middle, the basal lobe rather short,
nearly cylindrical, the constriction not extending at all upon the disk. Flytra
long, about twice as long as wide, not more than two-thirds wider than the
prothorax, just visibly dilated at the middle, the sides thence feebly oblique
to the apex, which is moderately widely subtruncate; omoplates very feeble;
punctures strong and dense toward base, becoming gradually very fine and
moderately distant toward apex; pubescence short, somewhat abruptly cine-
reous and more distinct in basal third. Abdomen moderately shining, the
legs rather short and thick. Length 2.5 mm. ; width 0.75 mm.

Arizona.

The unique male has the fifth ventral broadly truncate toward
the middle, the genital segment deeply sinuato-truncate, the tibize
not distinctly modified. This species is very distinct, and, to-
gether with bipartitus and turgidicollis, is somewhat aberrant in
the outline and constriction of the prothorax.

19. L. gibbithorax Pic—Miscel. Ent., March, 1894, p. 21 (Anthicus).

Moderately elongate, shining, reddish-testaceous, with the ab-
domen and posterior two-thirds of the elytra blackish, the head
dark, arcuately rounded behind, with the punctuation sparse ;
eyes gray; last joint of the palpi enlarged; antenne slender,
rather long, almost filiform, sometimes darker toward apex. Pro-
thorax relatively short, somewhat dilated, rounded anteriorly,
having near the base a gibbous elevation which is very distinct
in profile; base transversely grooved. Elytra scarcely narrowed
at base, the humeri somewhat angulate, distinctly attenuate be-
hind, the apex truncate, somewhat dilated at the middle, with the
punctuation very fine, having some pale hairs which are short,
sparse and semi-erect. Under surface shining. Legs slender,
moderately short, the posterior tibiz slender, the femora scarcely
thickened. Length 3.0 mm.

Texas. I have not seen the type of gibbithorax, but Mr. Pic
has kindly sent me a specimen of the closely allied backianus
Chmp., from Mexico. The erect hairs mentioned in the descrip-
tion are very short and only distinct toward apex, as usual in
this genus. This species differs from backianus and tumidicollis
in its coloration and rather stouter form. The above description
is translated from the original.

670 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

THICANUS n. gen.

The few closely allied species forming this generic group are
somewhat intermediate between Lappus and Anthicus, but evi-
dently cannot be associated with the former because of their much
shorter antennez and small fourth joint of the maxillary palpi,
which has the form of a right-angled triangle, and, from Anthicus,
they differ in the lateral oblique extension of the mesosternum ;
from both of these genera they differ conspicuously in the form
of the prothorax. Those known to me may be mutually separated
as follows :—

Head evenly and almost circularly rounded behind the eyes.
Antenne rather strongly but gradually clavate, the penultimate joints
transverse.
Punctures of the elytra rather close-set, especially toward the suture,
those of the pronotum very densely crowded toward base..1. texanus
Punctures of the elytra rather coarser and decidedly more distant, those
of the pronotum moderately dense toward base; size a little larger.
2. rejectus
Antennz more slender, very feebly enlarged toward apex, the penultimate
JoMbiratherongersthanwiGes.cccccesosss-seeccceeeeeecenceeneaees 3. Mimus
Head prominent in the middle at base and rather narrowly rounded, the sides
thence very oblique for some distance, then rounded to the eyes. Pacific
coast.
Head sparsely punctate; genital segment of the male feebly sinuate in are
at the middle, (annectens Lec. ).......-...2.0.000-ese-cecesees 4. californicus
Head densely punctate; genital segment angularly and deeply emarginate at
POR ii ceg fest ecc ce chest rede neaee nee Seen emaeece ae eeee aan 5. franciscanus

The species of this genus resemble each other in general habi-
tus and color to an extreme degree, and if it were not for the
readily observable modifications of the sexual apparatus, it would
frequently be impossible to pronounce any definite opinion as to
their true status. In all of them there can be observed two
feeble transverse and very vague elevations near the basal mar-
gin of the pronotum.

The intromittent apparatus of the male is very simple in struc-
ture, when compared with the homologous parts in Malporus.

1. T. texanus Laf.—Mon., p. 301 ( Anthicus).

Highly polished throughout, without trace of reticulation,
sparsely but strongly punctate, the pubescence short and rather
coarse but sparse, without trace of erect sete; elytra clouded

—_——

+

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 671

with black at apex and near the scutellum, each having in addi-
tion a large suffused black cloud at the middle. Prothorax as
wide as the head, densely punctate toward base. Length 2.1-2.7
mm.; width 0.7-0.8 mm.

The large series before me is from Galveston, Texas, and repre-
sents without much doubt the true fexanus of LaFerté, which was
unknown to LeConte.

In the present species, which has been fully and accurately de-
scribed by LaFerté, the male has the fifth ventral but slightly
longer than the fourth, broadly rounded at apex, just visibly
sinuato-truncate for a short distance in the middle, with the ad-
joining surface feebly, transversely impressed, the genital segment
very feebly sinuate at tip, with the surface feebly and transversely
impressed. The male intromittent organ consists of a superior
corneous flattened and very shallow sheath, nearly one-half as
long as the abdomen, the short basal part of which is parallel at
the sides, the remainder very elongate, bent downward, with the
sides straight and gradually convergent throughout to the apex,
the latter slightly dilated in the form of a small flattened sub-
circular button. The intromittent duct proper is partially en-
closed along the under surface of the sheath; it is membranous
or feebly coriaceous in structure, and fully as long as the protec-
tive sheath, from which it can be bent downward; it is somewhat
distorted in the specimen examined but appears to be of a sub-
cylindrical form.

2. T. rejectus Lec.—Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 97 ( Anthicus).

Moderately stout, highly polished throughout above, dark rufo-
testaceous, the anterior parts frequently picescent ; elytra colored
as in fexanus. Head convex, rather longer than wide, finely,
sparsely but distinctly punctate, semi-circularly rounded behind,
the eyes rather large and prominent, with extremely short sete
as usual. Prothorax scarcely as wide as the head, not longer
than wide, convex, acutely constricted rather behind basal third,
finely but strongly, sparsely punctate, the punctures closer toward
base. Elytra barely three-fourths longer than wide, twice as wide
as the prothorax, quite distinctly wider at the middle than at
base, the apex rather broadly rounded; punctures coarse and
sparse, finer and with the surface duller toward apex. Abdomen
finely granulato-reticulate but somewhat shining. Legs rather
short and thick. Length 2.5-2.75 mm.; width 0.7-0.85 mm.

672 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

Sea-beaches of New Jersey and Delaware. This species very
greatly resembles texanus, but is rather larger and with more dis-
tant punctures, those toward the base of the pronotum especially
being less densely crowded. An essential similarity of the sexual
characters is assumed, as there is no specimen before me which is
in condition for observation in this regard.

The eastern examples, previously regarded by me as belonging
to Anth. californicus, are to be referred to the present species, the
resemblances throughout the genus being very great, as before
remarked.

3. T. mimus n. sp.—Moderately slender, highly polished, pale rufo-
testaceous, the legs and antenne throughout pale; abdomen black; elytra black-
ish at apex, and with a large blackish cloud at the middle of each. Head
about as long as wide, convex, evenly rounded behind, finely but strongly,
rather sparsely punctate, the eyes moderately large, prominent; antennz very
nearly as long as the head and prothorax, slender, only very feebly incrassate,
the penultimate joint rather longer than wide. Prothorax scarcely as wide as
the head, rather longer than wide, moderately convex, finely but strongly
punctate, the punctures rather dense toward the median line especially toward
base, the basal tubercles distinct; anterior lobe widest and strongly rounded
near the apex, the posterior rather less than one-third the total length; con-
striction acute. Elytra three-fourths longer than wide, somewhat less than
twice as wide as the prothorax, decidedly wider a little behind the middle
than at base, the apex moderately broadly rounded and oblique, the sutural
angles slightly rounded ; disk rather coarsely punctate, the punctures some-
what close toward the suture; omoplates small but quite distinct; pubescence
short but stiff, sparse but pale throughout and distinct. Abdomen moderately
shining, the legs rather slender. Length 2.4-2.75 mm.; width 0.75-0.8 mm.

Wyoming (Cheyenne); New Mexico (Coolidge).

The male has the fifth ventral but little longer than the fourth,
with a large rounded discal impression which is more shining
than the general surface, the genital segment broadly impressed
throughout the width, and with the apex arcuately but rather
strongly sinuate in the middle; terminal knob of the gradually
narrowed copulatory sheath transversely expanded, with the lat-
eral extremities posteriorly hooked.

4. T. californicus Laf.—Mon., p. 128; Lec.: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
Phila., 1852, p. 97; annectens Lec.: 1. c. ( Anthicus).

Polished, rufo-testaceous, the head blackish; elytra clouded
with black except toward base and narrowly along the suture,
varying to entirely black. Head finely but strongly, sparsely

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 673

punctate, the eyes prominent; antennz slender, scarcely as long
as the head and prothorax, feebly thickened toward apex, the pe-
nultimate joint fully as long as wide, the last short, second and
third equal and but slightly shorter than the first which is thicker.
Prothorax not quite as wide as the head, a little longer than wide,
acutely constricted somewhat behind basal third, the punctures
fine and very sparse except toward base, where they become
coarse and very dense, the two transverse tubercles more or less
distinct, the surface before them apparently somewhat impressed.
Elytra elongate, very nearly twice as long as wide, twice as wide
as the prothorax, quite distinctly wider at the middle, the punc-
tures coarse and sparse; pubescence sparse, short, pale through-
out. Length 2.5-2.8 mm.; width 0.8—0.9 mm.

California seacoast from San Diego to San Francisco. The
apex of the abdomen is generally pale, and, in the male, the fifth
segment is distinctly longer than the fourth, rounded and not at
all truncate at apex, with the surface very obsoletely and broadly
impressed along the middle, and gradually just visibly reflexed
toward tip, the genita’ segment with a small feeble and circularly
rounded apical sinuation, and a transverse discal impression, the
apical edge fringed with stiff hairs.

In this species the male intromittent organ is quite different
from that of teranus and mimus,; it is not quite so long, and
the dorsal corneous sheath has the sides nearly straight and
feebly convergent from the base almost to the apex, where it be-
comes abruptly narrowed and very feebly bent downward, the
narrow ligula short, subparallel, obtuse but not distinctly en-
larged at apex. The intromittent duct proper, lying beneath the
sheath, is slender, simple, coriaceous and extends slightly beyond
the apex of the sheath.

5. TE. framciscanus n. sp.—Moderately stout, convex, shining, pale
rufo-testaceous, the entire under surface of the hind body, and a moderately
large cloud near the middle of each elytron, black; antennz and legs pale
throughout. Head rather longer than wide, convex, strongly and rather
closely punctate; eyes moderately large, prominent, situated somewhat before
the middle of the medial length; antennz somewhat stout, distinctly incras-
sate, scarcely as long as the head and prothorax, the tenth joint about as long
as wide. Prothorax ample, not distinctly narrower than the head, a little
longer than wide, rather feebly convex toward the middle, finely but strongly
punctate, the punctures somewhat sparse anteriorly but becoming dense to-
ward base, the two basal tubercles distinct; pubescence inconspicuous; an-

674 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

terior lobe large, transverse, widest at its anterior third, the sides convergent
and rounded to the acute constriction; posterior lobe distinctly less than one-
third the total length, rapidly expanded to the basal margin. Elytra nearly
twice as long as wide, twice as wide as the prothorax, distinctly wider at the
middle than at base or apex, the latter subequal, the apex broadly arcuate;
humeri broadly exposed at base, the mes-episternum not at all visible from
above; punctures coarse and sparse, rather closer and finer toward the suture;
pubescence short and stiff, sparse but pale and distinct throughout. Abdomen
alutaceous, finely pubescent. Legs moderate in length and rather stout.
Length 3.1 mm.; width 0.95 mm,

California (near San Francisco).

The single male before me indicates a species which is appreci-
ably larger than californicus, and the sexual characters are quite
different. The fifth ventral is short and but slightly longer
than the fourth, its apex broadly, just visibly sinuate, and its disk
unmodified ; genital segment deeply, angularly emarginate in the
middle at apex, the emargination but slightly more than twice as
wide as deep, the disk with a large deep and transversely oval
impression, and the posterior edge fringed with stiff, inwardly di-
rected cilia. In this specimen the extreme tip only of the copu-
latory sheath is exposed, but this is much broader and more ob-
tuse than in californicus, and there is, in addition, a slender thin
fillet at each side of the sheath-apex, of which I can find no homo-
logue whatever in that species.

VACUSUS pn. gen.

The members of this genus are small, narrow and usually pol-
ished, sparsely punctate and pubescent species, of peculiar facies,
but not unremindful of some of the various forms of Anthicus.
They also resemble Anthicus in antennal, oral and crural struc-
ture, but ditfer completely in the entire conformation of the meso-
sternum, as detailed in the table of genera. They present three
types, quite distinct in appearance and environment, represented
by letus, nigritulus and formicetorum, the first inhabiting the
Southern States from Florida to southern California, the second
peculiar to the true Pacific coast fauna, and the third to the desert
regions of the Sonoran province. The latter is remarkable, in
addition to its peculiarities of facies, in that its closely allied
components are myrmecophilous in habit, the symbiosis how-
ever probably not being complete.

The species may be separated as follows :—

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 615

Prothorax rounded at the sides anteriorly, thence straight and oblique to the
basal margin.
Head simply and very remotely punctate; elytral pubescence very short and
rather closely decumbent.
Prothorax always pale, rufous.
Elytra with a basal, median, and apical black fascia, varying to almost
entirely black, the basal fascia obsolete in the paler forms.

1. laetus
Elytra pale, each with a median discal spot of black; punctuation very
TMI CMY CLOSET Seas sees ee suse seman csis Vecac cas sah «Sone ch since seeeaaceds 2. supplex

Prothorax black or piceous-black.
Abdomen minutely and rather densely punctate throughout; elytral
PUNCHURES SPATS erin ecais aes eet as << cisasceitccse sic sqvenseresechaes 3. monitor
Abdomen less minutely and very remotely punctate toward base;
elytra less sparsely punctured, the prothorax more elongate.
4. confinis
Head with longitudinal and vermiculate scratches intermingled with the
sparse punctures; elytra with longer, coarser, more erect and con-
spicuous pubescence; body black, the elytra sometimes paler.
Black throughout, the head and pronotum not impressed.
5. nigritulus
Black, the elytra piceous-brown and relatively longer and larger; occiput
impressed in the middle at base; pronotum impressed along the median
lime who wand DAS lacesach. cis: soone sede sss ste ns ere cee Secdaicaseecuacdle 6. arcanus
Prothorax angulate at the sides anteriorly, oblique and broadly sinuate thence
to the base; smaller, pubescent species.
Head finely and very remotely punctate; elytra each with three or four
series of long stiff erect sete.
Elytra parallel and fully three-fourths longer than wide.
7. desertorum
- Elytra much shorter, scarcely more than one-half longer than wide; eyes
a little larger; pronotal punctures decidedly less dense.
8. prominens
Head more coarsely and subrugosely, though not densely, punctate, and
more plentifully pubescent.
Body slender, flavate throughout, the elytral setz distinct but very
sparse; humeri less broadly exposed at base...... 9. formicetorum
Body stouter, the elytra more broadly truncate at base, with the setze not
evident on the disk, the suture and apex feebly clouded with a black-
AUS Hyp DUD Ge eer eee ee a selnye os Senseo oto d dia Ssialays Sub atae ee nee ances 10. suspectus

The species of each of the three groups are rather closely allied
among themselves, but, as far as itis possible to judge, are dis-
tinct as above defined.

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., VIII, Oct., 1895.—46

676 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

1. V. Laetus Laf.—Mon., p. 157; vicinus, thoracicus Lat.: 1. ¢., pp. 157,
158; bizonatus Laf. (bifasciatus || Say): 1. ¢., p. 274; fulvomicans Qued.: B.
Ent. Z., XXX, (1886, ) p. 123 ( Anthicus).

Narrow, polished, minutely, sparsely pubescent, pale rufo-tes-
taceous, the head darker and the elytra with a median band, trans-
verse apical and frequently obsolete basal area, of black. Head
and pronotum minutely, remotely punctate, the latter scarcely
visibly longer than wide, equal in width to the head, almost glob-
ularly convex, the sides convergent and straight behind to the
slightly tumid basal margin. Elytra not quite twice as long as
wide and less than twice as wide as the prothorax, subparallel,
strongly but remotely punctate, the scutellar impression distinct.
Legs and under surface ferruginous. Length 2.3-2.6 mm.;
width 0.7-0.8 mm.

This well known species is distributed through the Southern
States bordering the Gulf of Mexico. It is sufficiently constant
in form and structure, but varies considerably in color. In the
darker form, named thoracicus by LaFerté, the elytra are almost
black; they are never entirely black, however, for upon close in-
spection in a good light, there will always be seen a narrow line
along the suture and a fine transverse fascia at basal fourth and
apical third of reddish tinge. The prothorax is always red. I
am disposed to agree with LaFerté in considering bifasciatus
Say,as allied to Jeetus, and not to cervinus, as conjectured by Le-
Conte.

2. V. supplex n. sp.—Moderately stout, polished, pale rufo-testaceous
throughout, with exception of a small subtransverse cloud-like spot at the
middle of each elytron which is of black. Head subquadrate, convex, finely
but distinctly punctate anteriorly, minutely and very remotely so toward the
truncate base, which is feebly impressed in the middle; eyes well developed,
fully as long as the subparallel tempora, and more prominent; antennz short,
incrassate, as long as the head and prothorax, the penultimate joints trans-
verse. Prothoravx not longer than wide, the sides broadly rounded anteriorly
to the distinct collar, convergent and straight posteriorly to the basal margin,
which is very feebly swollen; surface evenly convex, minutely, remotely punc-
tate anteriorly, more coarsely and closely so toward base; pubescence minute,
decumbent, with some widely dispersed erect bristles. Elytra three-fourths
longer than wide, nearly twice as wide as the prothorax, feebly dilated behind,
broadly, obtusely rounded at apex; humeri broadly exposed, broadly rounded
at base, narrowly so externally; disk coarsely, rather closely punctate; finely
and sparsely so toward apex, feebly impressed on each side of the suture at
base; pubescence short and decumbent but coarse and distinct. Abdomen

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 617

minutely, very densely punctate and pubescent, more sparsely so in the mid-
dle at base. Length 2.6 mm.; width 0.85 mm.

Arizona (Tucson).

Differs from defus in its stouter form, shorter prothorax, much
denser and more conspicuous punctuation and pubescence and in
coloration. It is represented by a single specimen which I took
some years ago at the locality indicated.

3. V. monitor n. sp—Narrow, highly polished, black, the pronotum
feebly picescent toward base, the elytral suture very finely rufescent; antennz
fuscous; under surface and femora blackish, the tibixe and tarsi paler. Head
subquadrate, finely, remotely punctate, the punctures uneven in distribution
and unequal in size; eyes rather small, shorter than the tempora; base broadly
arcuato-truncate and unimpressed; antenne barely as long as the head and
prothorax, feebly incrassate, the penultimate joints scarcely as long as wide.
Prothorax equal in width to the head and similarly punctate, the punctures a
little more distinct toward base, just visibly longer than wide; sides broadly
arcuate anteriorly, straight and oblique behind to the basal margin, which is
distinctly tumid; collar short; surface strongly, evenly convex. Elytra three-
fourths longer than wide, not quite twice as wide as the prothorax, very feebly
dilated behind the middle, thence obliquely and gradually narrowed to the
apex, which is conjointly rather narrowly rounded; disk feebly impressed at
the secutellum, narrowly canaliculate at each side of the suture in apical third
or fourth, strongly but very sparsely punctate, the punctures becoming minute
behind; humeri broadly exposed, rounded. Abdomen minutely, densely punc-
tulate, reticulate and pubescent. Legs rather short, the femora distinctly in-
erassate. Length 2.3 mm.; width 0.65 mm.

Louisiana (Morgan City); Texas (Galveston).

This species is allied rather closely to letus, but differs in its
smaller size, narrower form, black prothorax and elytra, and in
the male sexual characters. The vestiture of the upper surface is
similar to that of letus, the elytral hairs very short but rather
coarse and becoming still smaller toward apex.

In this section of the genus the genital or sixth segment is
peculiarly modified, the median emargination of Anthicus becom-
ing a deep cleft, the two lobes thickened and bent strongly down-
ward, the tips inflexed and individually emarginate ; the intromit-
tent organ is extremely slender and elongate, finely channeled be-
neath, the apex gradually finely acuminate and slender, and bent
downward. In the present species merely the tip is abruptly and
feebly bent downward, while in lefus the spicule is gradually
curved. In detus the fifth ventral of the male is broadly rounded
behind, with its surface minutely, densely granulato-reticulate

678 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

and much duller than the other segments, while in monitor this
segment is more narrowly rounded and does not differ in sculp-
ture or lustre. .

4. V. confimis Lec.—Ann. Lyc., N. Y., V., p. 153.; Proce. Ac. Nat. Sei.,
Phila., 1852, p. 98 ( Anthicus).

Narrow, highly polished, black throughout, the under surface
and legs frequently paler. Head subquadrate, rather longer than
wide, very minutely punctate, the punctures very sparse an-
teriorly and extremely remote toward base, the latter broadly
arcuato-truncate and not impressed; eyes somewhat large, fully
as long as the tempora and more prominent; antenne rather
slender, noticeably incrassate, scarcely as long as the head and
prothorax, the penultimate joints not quite as long as wide.
Prothorax quite distinctly longer than wide, the sides strongly
rounded anteriorly, oblique and straight thence to the basal
margin, which is distinctly swollen; surface convex, finely, very
remotely punctate, the punctures becoming a little more distinct,
but scarcely more numerous, toward base; vestiture not distinct.
Elytra less than twice as long as wide, twice as wide as the pro-
thorax, just visibly dilated behind the middle and thence gradu-
ally narrowed to the apex, which is not very broadly rounded ;
disk slightly impressed on the suture behind the scutellum,
coarsely, deeply and rather closely punctate, the punctures im-
pressed, becoming fine toward apex ; pubescence extremely minute
and decumbent. Abdomen finely reticulate, shining, minutely,
sparsely punctate and rather sparsely pubescent. Length 2.5-2.6
mm.; width 0.6—0.75 mm.

Texas to southern California. A very abundant species, readily
distinguishable from /etus by its narrower form, narrower and
less globular prothorax and denser punctuation ; the vestiture is
even shorter and more minute than in that species. The upper
surface is invariably black throughout, but I have before me a
small specimen from Texas, which is entirely pale flavate and
translucent, apparently very immature, except that the integu-
ments are not distorted in drying.

5. V. migritulus Lec.—Ann. Lye. N. Y., V, p. 154; Proc. Ac. Nat.
Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 101 ( Anthicus).

Black, highly polished; antennz toward base and legs through-
out dark brown; pubescence sparse but long, coarse and distinct,

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 619

intermingled with erect stiff sete. Head convex, subquadrate,
finely, remotely punctate, the eyes moderate; not as long as the
tempora; base broadly arcuato-truncate, not impressed ; antennze
a little longer than the head and prothorax, incrassate, the outer
joints as long as wide. Prothorax as long and wide as the head,
apparently a little longer than wide, rather strongly rounded at
the sides anteriorly, thence strongly oblique and straight to the
distinctly swollen basal margin; disk evenly convex, finely and
sparsely punctate, the interspaces even and highly polished.
Elytra barely two-thirds longer than wide, about twice as wide as
the prothorax, scarcely one-third longer than the head and _pro-
thorax combined, parallel, broadly, obtusely rounded behind, the
humeri broadly exposed, transverse near the prothorax; disk
very obsoletely impressed at the scutellum, coarsely and strongly
but not densely punctate. Abdomen minutely, densely punctate
and pubescent. Length 2.4 mm.; width 0.7 mm.

California (Humboldt Co. to San Francisco). This is an
abundant species, represented by a large series in my cabinet. A
series of seven specimens, all that I obtained in the Hoopa Val-
ley, Humboldt Co., are pale ochreous-tlavate throughout, other-
wise agreeing in every particular with the ordinary black form
which also seems to be very constant in coloration.

In this section of the genus as represented by the present spe-
cies, the genital segment of the male is less elaborately modified
than in letus, the two lobes being flattened, gradually acuminate
and bent downward, the tips abruptly and minutely inflexed ; the
intromittent organ is very slender but shorter, feebly swollen to-
ward apex and then gradually, finely acuminate and scarcely per-
ceptibly bent downward.

6. VW. arcanus n. sp.—Shining, black, the elytra, legs and basal parts of
the antenne dark red-brown; pubescence coarse, semi-erect, sparse but con-
spicuous. Head quadrate, convex, truncate and impressed at base, finely,
sparsely punctate, the eyes rather small, much shorter” than the tempora, the
latter parallel; antennz moderately stout, about as long as the head and
prothorax, distinctly incrassate, the penultimate joints fully as long as wide.
Prothorax as long but scarcely as wide as the head, apparently a little longer
than wide, rounded on the sides anteriorly, straight and oblique from anterior
third to the tumid basal margin; disk convex, feebly impressed and with
scratch-like sculpture in the middle toward base, strongly evenly and not very
sparsely punctate. lytra three-fourths longer than wide, very much longer
than the head and prothorax and about twice as wide as the latter, just visibly

680 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

dilated behind the middle, thence feebly narrowed, the apex rather broadly
rounded ; humeri very broadly rounded ; scutellar impression strong, the
humeral feeble; omoplates prominent; disk coarsely, deeply, rather sparsely
punctate. Abdomen finely, closely pubescent, coarsely reticulate and extremely
minutely punctulate. Legs rather short and stout. Length 2.5 mm.; width
0.75 mm.

Washington State (Yakima.) Mr. Wickham.

The sexual characters of the single male before me are similar
to those of nigritulus, but this species may be readily distinguished
by the larger, longer elytra, impressed occiput and pronotum and
stronger, denser punctuation of the latter.

7. V. desertorum n. sp.—Narrow, subparallel and rather depressed,
polished, dark brownish-testaceous throughout, the pubescence coarse, sub-
erect and rather abundant, very remote on the head. Head subquadrate,
moderately convex, broadly arcuato-truncate at base, minutely and remotely
punctate throughout, the eyes rather small, much shorter than the tempora,
the latter parallel; antennze a little longer than the head and prothorax, some-
what thick, moderately incrassate, the penultimate joints quadrate. Prothorax
scarcely as long as wide, rather wider than the head, angulate and prominent
laterally at apical third, the sides thence broadly arcuate to the short but dis-
tinct collar, and broadly sinuate and convergent to the feebly tumid basal
margin; disk convex anteriorly, finely, rather closely punctate, the punctures
asperate toward apex. Llytra parallel and straight at the sides, broadly, ab-
ruptly obtuse at apex, three-fourths longer than wide and scarcely two-thirds
wider than the prothorax; scutellar impression feeble; humeri widely exposed
at base; disk rather coarsely and densely punctate, feebly rugulose by anteriorly
oblique light. Abdomen feebly shining, pubescent, coarsely imbricato-reticu-
late, very minutely, sparsely punctulate. Legs moderate in length and some-
what slender. Length 2.25 min.; width 0.65 mm.

Arizona (Holbrook). Mr. Wickham.

The modifications of the genital segment in the males of this
group are nearly similar to those of letus, but the lobes are
shorter and mutually more distant. The present species is rep-
resented in my cabinet by two specimens, and the description is
drawn from the male.

8. V. prominens n. sp.—Narrow, shining, pale brownish-testaceous, the
vestiture coarse, moderate in length, rather abundant and conspicuous, very
sparse on the head, the elytra with erect bristles seriately arranged. Head
quadrate, somewhat convex, minutely and very remotely punctate through-
out, the base arcuato-truncate ; eyes moderate, slightly shorter than the tem-
pora; antenne distinctly longer than the head and prothorax, gradually and
rather strongly incrassate, the penultimate joints quadrate. Prothorax barely
as long as wide, fully as wide as the head, prominent and angulate at the
sides at apical third, thence broadly, semi-circularly rounded at apex with the

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 681

collar narrow but distinct, sinuate immediately behind the lateral prominence,
and thence oblique and straight to the narrow and very slightly tumid basal
margin; surface convex, shining, finely and sparsely punctate throughout.
Eiytra scarcely more than one-half longer than wide, distinctly less than twice
as wide as the prothorax, a little wider at apical third than at base, broadly,
obtusely rounded behind, the humeri broadly exposed and rounded at base;
disk scarcely visibly impressed at the scutellum, feebly rugulose, not very
coarsely but closely and strongly punctate, strongly shining. Abdomen not
densely pubescent, rather shining, remotely and extremely minutely punctu-
late. Legs somewhat short and slender. Length 2.0 mm; width 0.55 mm.

Arizona (Peach Springs). Mr. Wickham.

The description is taken from the single specimen in my cabi-
net, which is a male. This species resembles desertorum in type,
but has the elytra relatively much shorter and slightly dilated
behind, the color paler, the pronotal punctures sparser, and the
eyes appreciably larger.

9. V. formicetorum Wasm.—kKrit. Verz. Myr. Term. Arth., 1894, p.
221 (Anthicus).

Narrow, feebly shining, pale brownish-testaceous throughout,
the vestiture rather coarse and close, finer and short anteriorly,
longer, coarser and much more conspicuous on the elytra. Head
quadrate but strongly trapezoidal before the eyes as usual, con-
vex, closely and distinctly punctate, the punctures intermingled
with short feeble scratch-like rugulosities especially anteriorly ;
eyes moderate, nearly as long as the tempora, the latter parallel for
only a very short distance, then broadly rounded to the truncate
base; antennze short, not quite as long as the head and prothorax,
slender and filiform except the last five joints, which are rather
abruptly enlarged, the penultimate joints not quite as long as
wide. Prothorax scarcely longer than wide, fully as wide as the
head, prominent and angulate at the sides anteriorly, oblique and
feebly sinuate thence to the fine basal margin, circularly rounded
anteriorly ; surface convex, finely, densely punctate, the pubes-
cence posteriorly inclined above but lying transversely on the
flanks, more broadly behind, thus producing two feebly marked
oblique lines of demarcation meeting at the middle of the base.
Klytra three-fourths longer than wide, scarcely one-half wider
than the prothorax, just visibly wider behind the middle than at
base, broadly, obtusely rounded behind; humeri moderately ex-
posed at base; disk scarcely at all impressed at the scutellum, not

682 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

coarsely but closely, deeply and very distinctly punctate. Abdo-
men minutely, very densely punctulate and pubescent, more
sparsely so toward the middle and base. Legs short, the femora
rather thick. Length 1.9 mm.; width 0.55 mm.

Colorado (Garland.) This very small species may be distin;
guished at once from the two which precede, not only by the
characters given in the table, but by the more abrupt and notice-
ably enlarged five outer joints of the antenne. In formicetorum
these joints form a true, though feeble, five-jointed club, while in
desertorum the transition from the sixth to eighth joints is so
gradual in width. that there is scarcely the suspicion of a club.

10. ¥. Suspectus n. sp.—Moderately stout and convex, feebly shining,
pale brownish-testaceous, the suture and apex of the elytra clouded with
blackish; pubescence close and conspicuous, much longer on the elytra. Head
quadrate, convex, rather coarsely and somewhat closely punctate, the inter-
spaces smooth and even; eyes small, much shorter than the tempora, the latter
parallel for a long distance behind them, thence rather narrowly rounded into
the broadly arcuato-truncate base; antennie missing in the type. Prothorax
large, about as long as wide and very distinctly wider than the head, the out-
line nearly as in the three preceding species; surface convex, finely and
densely punctate. Elytra large, two-thirds longer than wide, not quite twice
as wide as the prothorax, perceptibly dilated behind the middle, broadly,
obtusely rounded at apex, the humeri widely exposed at base; disk strongly
and conspicuously impressed at the scutellum, closely strongly and rather
coarsely punctate. Abdomen somewhat closely pubescent, the punctures very
minute. Legs short and rather slender. Length 2.3 mm.; width 0.7 mm.

Colorado. 7

The unique type is a female from the Levette cabinet, and is in
all probability from the locality stated above. It represents a
much larger and stouter species than formicetorum, with smaller
eyes and more parallel tempora, besides the other characters here-
tofore mentioned.

HEMANTUS np. gen.

The general habitus of Anthicus floralis is peculiar and aber-
rant in its smooth subglabrous surface, in the occurrence of a
subapical modification of the pronotum—always a significant
structure in this family,—in its stout antennz, robust legs
with quite distinctly clavate femora, and other features, so that
its systematic position among the other species has always been
uncertain. When we add to these disparities of structure the

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 683

singular modification of the mesosternum, there can be but little
doubt that the correct solution of its taxonomy is the erection
for it of a distinct genus, and at the same time, the radical varia-
tions in this mesosternal structure show beyond peradventure
that several distinct species have been confounded, not only in
this country but in Europe.

The material in my cabinet can be resolved into the four fol-
lowing well characterized specific forms :—

Mesosternum greatly dilated at the sides, extending with rounded outline
more than half way between the coxze and the elytral humeri, its outer
margin bearing a close fringe of long fine decumbent hairs ; pronotum con-
stantly with a small feeble double tubercle in the middle near the apex.
GS Onis why) eee. sare eee eels s tec sat =. oseace Fhe incabiss srcleotbawenseenes 1. floralis

Mesosternum very much less developed laterally, intervening obliquely be-

tween the coxze and episternum but only shightly more so than in Anthi-
cus, its outer margin not fimbriate ; pronotum constantly devoid of any
trace of the subapical tubercle. (Subgenus IT)
Prothorax more finely and sparsely punctate, feebly and more obtusely con-
stricted near the base.
Prothorax very narrowly and strongly rounded at the sides near the apex.
2. enodis
Prothorax broadly rounded at the sides anteriorly, much more feebly ob-
lique and gradually narrowed thence to the subbasal constriction.
3. SCenicus
Prothorax more strongly and closely punctate, the posterior constriction deep
and almost rectangular, the basal margin much wider and more strongly
EXPANGEMG coscccsstedass sae spa see a oceeeen deeacn sob ces sicSosnudinc ses demeess 4. rixator

The American /floralis extends without noticeable variation
over the entire country, but my material in the second subgenus
is not sufficiently extensive to enable me to pronounce any useful
opinion as to geographical distribution. This is however an in-
teresting subject, and well merits careful attention from those
possessing large series.

1. H. floralis Linn.—Faun. Suec., No. 830, 1735 (Meloe); LaFerté:
Mon., p. 150; Lec.: Proc. Acad., Phila., 1852, p. 98 (Anthicus) ; basillaris Say:
Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 3, p. 279 (Anthicus).

Stout, polished, subglabrous, the pubescence of the elytra no-
ticeable but extremely short and sparse; head piceous, the pro-
thorax pale rufo-testaceous; basal third or fourth of the elytra
pale brownish-flavate, the remainder piceous-black. Length 2.7—
3.1 mm.; width 0.9-1.1 mm.

684 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

Indiana, Iowa (Keokuk), Texas (Galveston and El Paso) and
California (Lake Co). This common and apparently cosmopoli-
tan species has been thoroughly described by LaFerté, and may
always be recognized by the small double tubercle of the prono-
tum, which is not wanting in any specimen of the true /loralis
which I have seen; in some specimens the feeble depression be-
tween the tubercles is prolonged along the median line for a con-
siderable distance toward base. In the male the general form is
stouter, the head and prothorax especially being broader, and the
antenne apparently alittle longer and thicker, but the mesosternum
and pronotal tubercle are not at all affected sexually. The most
remarkable external sexual difference relates to the form of
the pygidium, which, in the male, is vertical and strongly con-
vex, while in the female it is nearly flat, extremely oblique and
almost horizontal. It is not only probable that this is not
the Meloe floralis of Linné, but quite possible that it may be dif-
ferent from the Anthicus floralis of European authors, though
belonging to the same subgenus, for the length of the European
insect as given by LaFerté* (3.0-3.5 mm.), is substantially greater
than that of the American representative, and LaFerté seems to
be very accurate and careful in his measurements.

2. H. enodis n. sp.—Stout, convex, anterior parts shining, the elytra
polished, dark rufo-testaceous, the metasternum, abdomen and head blackish;
pronotum blackish anteriorly; elytra piceous-black, gradually and indefimitely
paler toward base; antennz and legs dark brownish-rufous; femora darker;
pubescence decumbent, extremely short and sparse, the elytra also with ex-
ceedingly short remote and erect setze. Head moderate in size, thick, convex,
truncate and strongly, medially impressed at base, subquadrate, as long as
wide; eyes moderately large and conyex, about as long as and more prominent
than the tempora, the latter parallel; basal angles broadly rounded; disk finely
but strongly, not densely punctate, the punctures intermingled with short
vermiculate scratches, which become gradually dense and close toward the
sides; antennze not as long as the head and prothorax, very thick and sub-
moniliform, gradually and rather feebly incrassate, the penultimate joints
nearly as long as wide. Prothorax as wide as the head, fully as long as wide,
narrowly rounded and widest between apical fourth and fifth, the sides
thence rather strongly oblique and nearly straight to the subbasal constriction ;
apex transversely arcuate; disk with ap impressed fold parallel to the basal
margin, which is continued obliquely upon the flanks ina deep impression,

*Accurate and minute measures of length and width are one of the most
important aids in identifications from description, and more care should be
devoted to them than is usually the case.

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 685

which produces the constriction as seen from above; collar short, broad, con-
stricted at base; punctures fine but strong, rather sparse, slightly larger toward
base. Elytra scarcely two-thirds longer than wide, not quite twice as wide as
the prothorax, widest and somewhat prominently rounded just behind the
middle, broadly and obtusely rounded at apex; humeri rounded, broadly ex-
posed at base; scutellar impression obsolete, each elytron transversely im-
pressed at basal fifth and thence longitudinally within the humeri, the omo-
plates large and distinct; punctures moderately small, strong and well separated,
finer toward apex. Abdomen alutaceous, very minutely, rather closely punctate,
finely and distinctly pubescent. Legs moderate in length, somewhat stout,
the femora thick and clavate, the anterior more strongly so. Length 2.7-2.9
mm.; width 0.9 mm.

California (San Francisco).

The description is drawn from the male, the female, however,
not differing perceptibly in form. In the male the pygidium is
convex and subvertical, the fifth ventral very feebly and just visi-
bly sinuate at the middle of the apex, the genital segment well-
developed, broadly, rather strongly sinuate throughout its apical
width in circular are, the vertical edge of the sinuation thickened
and transversely foveate in the middle; the copulatory spicule is
slender, feebly impressed along its under surface, gradually and
very feebly dilated and thickened toward apex, the latter obtuse
and circularly arcuate. A single pair.

3. H. scenicus n. sp.—Moderately stout and convex, thick, shining,
pale rufo-testaceous, the head only slightly darker; elytra piceous-black, paler
and more flavate in basal fourth; abdomen blackish; pubescence very short
and sparse. Head subquadrate, as long as wide, evenly convex, finely, rather
sparsely punctate, with other sculpture as in enodis, the fine smooth line entire;
base subtruncate, broadly and somewhat feebly impressed in the middle;
angles very broadly rounded, becoming parallel just behind the eyes, which
are rather large though only moderately convex, much longer than the tem-
pora; antenn:e about as long as the head and prothorax, only moderately thick,
very feebly incrassate, the tenth joint subquadrate. Prothorax distinctly
narrower than the head, a little longer than wide, widest and rather
broadly rounded at apical fourth, the sides oblique and feebly arcuate thence
to the subbasal constriction; basal margin wide and strong, dilated at the sides
as usual; punctures fine and rather dense. Llytra long, fully three-fourths
longer than wide, not quite twice as wide as the prothorax, a little wider be-
hind the middle than at base; humeri broadly exposed and rounded to the
prothorax; impressions and sculpture nearly as in enodis: Abdomen dull, dis-
tinetly pubescent, the legs thick. Length 2.8 mm.; width 0.9 mm.

Rhode Island.
A single male, differing greatly from enodis in its more elongate

686 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

elytra, longer and thinner antenne, larger eyes, shorter tempora
and in the form of the prothorax. The modification of the genital
segment is nearly as in enodis, but the thickened edge of the sinu-
ation toward the middle is wider and simply vertical, not foveate.

4. H. rixator n. sp.—Rather stout, thick and convex; legs, pro- and
mesosterna, median parts of the head beneath, antennz and pronotum toward
base, rufo-testaceous in various shades; head, pronotum toward apex, meta-
sternum and abdomen darker, piceous-black; elytra dark piceous or brownish
testaceous, gradually slightly paler and more flavous toward base; pubescence
very short and sparse but distinct. Head convex, subquadrate, as long as wide,
truncate and moderately impressed in the middle at base; eyes rather small
but convex, much shorter and more prominent than the tempora, the latter
parallel behind them for some distance, then rounded into the base; disk dull,
densely and strongly strigoso-reticulate, the fine impunctate line shining an-
teriorly, the punctures fine but strong, somewhat dense; antennze not quite as
long as the head and prothorax, thick, moderately incrassate, the tenth joint
distinctly transverse. Prothorax fully as wide as the head, not longer than
wide, strongly rounded and widest at apical fourth, the sides thence strongly
oblique and very slightly arcuate to the deep and conspicuous ante-basal con-
striction; basal margin wide, strongly dilated at the sides; disk alutaceous,
reticulate, finely, deeply and closely punctate. Flytra scarcely three-fourths
longer than wide, distinctly less than twice as wide as the prothorax, the sides
parallel and almost evenly, feebly arcuate, broadly obtuse at apex; humeri
broadly and transversely exposed at base; sculpture and impressions nearly as
in the preceding species, the surface shining. Legs moderate, the femora not
very stout except the anterior. Length 2.9 mm.; width 0.95 mm.

Texas (Galveston); New Mexico (Albuquerque).

The three specimens before me are females, and the species may:
be readily known from the others here described by the dull and
rather densely punctate head, deep constriction of the prothorax
and other characters; the mesosternum, also, is apparently a trifle
more dilated at the sides. The base of the prothorax is much
broader and more dilated than in enodis.

ANTHICUS Payk.

Even in its restricted scope, this genus is still a large one and
to some extent heterogeneous, including as it does species of
widely different facies, such as horridus, haldemani and mari-
timus. They all agree, however, in sternal, abdominal and crural
structure and cannot very well be subdivided in a generic sense,
although maritimus is certainly very aberrant in its oval, sub-
connate elytra, with probable absence of hind wings.

Coleopterological Notices, V1. 687

The genus Anthicus, as here limited, may be said to comprise
those species of the tribe Anthicini which have the mesosternum
normal and undilated, the last joint of the antenne entire, the
pronotum unmodified in structure, and the vestiture simple,—that
is, consisting of a single set of hairs, disregarding in this connec-
tion the erect sete which are especially tactile in function. The
last joint of the maxillary palpi is moderate in size and securi-
form, and the antenne are comparatively short and gradually
enlarged toward apex,—never capitate as in Sapintus. It is very
abundant in species throughout the United States, but, in com-
mon with all other heteromeride groups, is particularly well rep-
resented in the southwestern parts of the country and in the
regions bordering the Pacific Ocean.

The species known to me may be identified by the following
provisional table :-—

IDSBy piste nWitbh GIS DIRE be MTR EET 2.25085.) Seco 2t oak ociec nin dc sob aue Tedseudadvccssscashetiodedoacane 2
iElyors oval and. convex; without humeri. 2... 2053.22.55 s8ddes sddabewsoeessscsnceeess. 27
2—Body hispid throughout with very long erect setie............. 0. 0.cece cece c neues 3
bodya wich Shorter apUWeSsCenCe... <4. erercseseseeesseessaciecs Lemos etlariossloseaain sosenesesees t
3—Head strongly rounded behind in cireular are................... 1. horridus
ese GH UNC AGE Ab DASE so cc5 Jo dclossacch sccewe masse selss \osidecevaewoeseebeces 2. rufulus
4—Head strongly and semi-circularly rounded behind the eyes.

Pale testaceous, the elytra biguttulate...................c.ccceceeee 3. Cribratus

Black, the elytra quadriguttulate...................c:seccecesesceeeceeees 4. hecate

Head truncate or broadly arcuate at base, the temporal angles more or less dis-
tinct ; pronotum normally convex throughout, not modified near the

Ey 0G. Gor aoa cocBE Dea Aacais0q CoCo EREDOR Hee ECE CAC OBC CHE HB AED ERE EAE Scheidt Hirer eer rEeree net,
o—Larger or medium species, seldom under 23 mm. in length, the sides of the
prothorax generally oblique and arcuate toward base or the subbasal con-
striction, and broadly rounded anteriorly....................cscecseeeeerecseeeees 6
Small species never exceeding 23 mm. in length, the sides of the prothorax

generally more or less prominently rounded anteriorly, and oblique and

nearly straight or feebly sinuate thence to the base......................0.055 1s
6— Abdomen rather coarsely and more sparsely punctate; body pale in color...7
Abdomen always minutely and more or less densely punctate.................... 10
%—Pronotum simply punctate; apex of the copulatory sheath rapidly nar-
rowed, the extreme tip minutely prominent....................ssceeeeeeceeaeees 8
Pronotum sculptured in longitudinal rug, the copulatory sheath gradually
and arcuately narrowed to an ogival point, at least in compositus......... 9

S—Temporal angles broadly rounded.
Pubescence relatively long, coarse and conspicuous; elytral fascia generally
distinctly black.
Eyes large, much longer than the tempora................ 5. ephippium
Eyes smaller, subequal in length to the tempora.............. 6. Simiolus

688 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

Pubescence shorter, not so erect and less conspicuous; body smaller and
narrower, pale flavo-testaceous throughout, the elytra rarely feebly suf-
fused toward the middle with brownish......................+5 7. luteolus

Temporal angles distinct and rather narrowly rounded; form more obese;
punctures denser and not so coarse; dark markings of the elytra suffused,
never black::..db/ kebsade Me svete cate eneease ss cea conccemaere a aeeee 8. pinguescens

9—Head simply punctate; pronotal ruge long, fine and anastomosing.
9. flavicans

Head covered with small strongly elevated tubercles; pronotal rugve coarse and
much broken up, forming irregular tubercles.

Tubercles of the head smaller and denser; antennz shorter and more in-

GEASSALO state coven Sense Some cee act eeee Sane as eR ERA See 10. scabriceps
Tubercles large and sparse; antennze slender; pubescence longer, coarse and
somewhat umequal: 524.2. -c2ca-c0e occtosadece ede aseteerostoes 11. compositus

10—Unicolorous, either black or paler, when pale having the elytra frequently
indefinitely fasciate near the middle and apex, enclosing an ocellate pale
spot behind thesmid dene ces. sere -e sen ecmseee nese een sec eee nese ee ne eee eee 11
Black, each elytron with a well defined pale spot near the base and another
near the apex, occasionally mutually confluent either transversely or
longitudinally according to the species; prothorax feebly constricted at
some distance before the base; head impressed in the middle at base;

trochanters not. spinose im the male....:...-ce-ceseesssss-e-c-eeeeseeee eco ees 18
Li—Head and pronotum extremely finely and densely punctate, dull; elytra
as inibiguitulus, entirely, black..--.-sscesccs-sceseees--eeee ne ee a eee 12. nigrita

Head and pronotum distinctly and less densely punctate.
Posterior trochanters of the male prolonged posteriorly in a very slender

spine; prothorax generally broadly rounded at the sides.................... 12

Posterior trochanters not spinose in the male.....................0.sseeeeeeeeeeeees 13
12—Elytra pubescent.

Prothorax oval, widest at the middle............0.0.2:.20cseesssees 13. ovicollis

Prothorax widest distinctly before the middle.
Elytra less elongate, leaving the extreme tip of the abdomen exposed.
slack or paler, with a rather ill-defined spot of paler tint behind the
middle, which is frequently obsolete in the black forms.
14. biguttulus
Black, the elytral apex margined with testaceous; pronotal punctures
MUCH COATSeL ANG iSpansereres.eace-ttsea eee eee ee 15. hastatus
Elytra longer, completely covering the abdomen.
Sides of the elytra in apical two-fifths convergent and straight to the
broadly rounded apex; punctures of the head fine and dense.
16. protectus
Sides of the elytra evenly rounded behind; head coarsely and sparsely
PUNCALE ei cewess ce cu scekailsuemecs memtneuieoeeeee ae ete tees 17. solidus
Blytramclabrous. 2s cese-aeeessocsossreeees sees eee peace. meats 18. subcalvus
13—Head and pronotum glabrous and alutaceous; basal margin of the pro-
thoraxcompletely-obsoletes:.:<..-s-ces <= seneses soca tease asec 19. coracinus

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 689

Head and pronotum pubescent as usual.

Prothorax constricted at the sides at some distance before the base.......... 14
Prothorax oblique and straight at the sides from apical third -or fourth to
EEE y Loess MAL OTM Soe miss clas cletatetsic e's ciats—istaio eis «cle siascrgd a’ a vicicie meteiclomiaeeasebioee am elecloe acs uf

MA Bodyablacksthnoue hou titers tees c--iijnjems os ctsnn dis core nese so veece anesiecueee ee gaabastese 15
OU PLCEOUS OL a PAOD ars at cores steesne ois eels ei awic evita aeieate Pclattesiets oeiae en Seeisas see eet eee 16

415—Head strongly and closely punctate.
Elytra shorter, never more than three-fourths longer than wide, with the
pubescence longer and conspicuous.
Head slightly wider than the prothorax; larger convex species.
20. monticola
Head very much wider than the prothorax; elytra flatter.
21. cephalotes
Elytra longer, nearly twice as long as wide; elytral pubescence very short.
22. punctulatus
Head finely and sparsely punctate...............0c.scesscsorerseseee 23. decrepitus
-16—Antenne longer, fully as long as the head and prothorax.
Elytral punctures very dense and not coarse.
Eyes small; head moderately convex, strongly impressed at base.
24. mercurialis
Eyes rather large; head strongly convex, not or obsoletely impressed at

base.
Antenne slender, feebly incrassate. .................scee0eee 25. Cervinus
Antenne stouter and rather strongly incrassate............. 26. gilensis
Elytral punctures coarse and sparse..............cscececeeeeeeeee noes 27. praceps

Antenne short and slender, one-half longer than the head.

28. seminotatus
4%7—Prothorax rounded at the sides anteriorly.

Antenne longer, very slender but distinctly enlarged near the apex.
29. parallelus
Antenne shorter and stouter, less incrassate; much smaller species
30. ancilla
Prothorax obtusely prominent at the sides anteriorly; elytra large, flat; body
AAG es ac. ds Gear ae noe apts th aniacid «on oc Wiest dosinb acs ea sinalen dele'es 3 une 31. sodalis
1S—Elytral punctures rather coarse and less dense, the surface shining.
Larger species, the elytral pubescence long and distinct...... 32. heroicus
Smaller, the pubescence very short.....................:sec00s< 33. haldemanti
Elytral punctures finer, generally very dense, with the surface dull; pubes-
cence short throughout.
Basal spots rounded and smaller; lustre less dull.
Basal spots entending to the basal margin; form stout.....34. stellatus
Basil spots small and at some distance behind the basal margin.
30. auriger
Basal spots longitudinally elongate.
These spots isolated, never confluent.
Elytra broader, suboval and convex..................:esss0e0 36. SAaUciUus
Elytra flatter and more parallel........................- 37. Wulmeratus

690 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

These spots confluent transversely, the entire basal third of the elytra be-

ing abruptly pale sles keaosstscsusessececueneaseeetect 38. junctus

These spots confluent longitudinally on each elytron, the posterior spot

also elongated; head large, the prothorax small....... 39. decorellus
19—Head coarsely, sparsely and frequently subrugosely punctured, with a
wide and entire median impunctate line..................2--.ccscesseseseoneeee 20
Head finely and more or less densely punctate.................cceceeeeeeeneneeneeeees 23
20—Color uniformly pale flavo-ferruginous, the elytra rarely somewhat
clouded toward the middle... ees as soe caes sean on decene sea ore eee eee enaae 21

Color piceous or blackish, the cephalic punctures generally less sparse...22
21—Eyes smaller, not quite as long as the tempora.
Very small species, the eyes much shorter than the tempora; head only just

visibly wider than the prothorax..................s.ssescsescseesesens 40. manus
Larger, the eyes almost as long as the tempora; head much larger than the
PLOCH OLA oso es ne se seidinaa bobs aailonie suite sieae seed cetion ste maeeteeo'e accents 41. vagans

Eyes larger, always distinctly longer than the tempora.
Head subequal in width to the prothorax.
Smaller, the elytra shorter, with the humeri rather narrowly exposed and
rounded at base.

Pronotum more coarsely and rather sparsely punctured; elytral pubes-

cence decumbent and similar to that of the pronotum.
42. peninsularis
Pronotum finely, sparsely punctured; elytral pubescence longer and
more erect than that of the pronotum.................... 43. nympha
Larger, the elytra longer and wider, with the humeri much more broadly
and transversely exposed at base; pronotum finely and densely punc-

RUITOO AE esate sale aco giodsion Sv v's Gano oeroune dec oles acele acuaeeeoes aciomns 44. obliquus
Head much wider than the prothorax...................20.0s0ese0 45. inmocens
22—Tempora somewhat swollen, as prominent as the eyes...... 46. inscitus~

Tempora longer, straight and parallel, less prominent than the eyes; elytra in
the paler examples broadly fasciate in the middle with a slightly darker

(HDA thsondeocasoooaqnboad seb sadagcoKas ohupaGoteaoepanSagacbacunSoAdoSAopdDobat 47. amoenus
23—Prothorax broadly rounded anteriorly, the sides convergent and arcuate
to a feeble ante-basal constriction; head equal in width to the prothorax.

48. obscurellus

Prothorax narrowly but distinctly rounded at the sides anteriorly; head wider

than, the prochOrax jaccenmece wet eeciesoe vs sameee seseceseecosce ee eer eeeneeeneeeecee 24
Prothorax subangulate and prominent at the sides anteriorly; tempora rather
swolleniand subpromiinentieccs sececssess cee ted- ese saesneen secre ereeeree ee aaa 26
24—Prothorax longer than wide; body black, the elytra! humeri abruptly
PULO=GEStACEOUS! scneres sacnin eee scee oe ee eaaen Jace loance toesestiensie 49. militaris
Prothorax short and small, never longer than wide.
Elytra pale, with a clearly defined median black fascia....... 50. bellulus

Elytra unicolorous or more or less indefinitely nubilate.
Pubescence very short throughout; head and pronotum extremely
densely punctateandldiullls te 5-ccsstccdseeeeccancsemesceceses 51. helvinus

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 69T

Pubescence longer and distinct; anterior parts less densely punctate
and shining.
Eyes moderately large, about as long as as the tempora, convex and
prominent; pubescence only moderately long.....52. Lutulentus
Eyes smaller, very much shorter than the tempora....... ............... 25
25—Prothorax larger, subequal in width to the head; body black through-
out, the pubescence long, coarse, cinereous and conspicuous...53. agilis
Prothorax small, distinctly narrower than the head.
Eyes moderately small and prominent, not less than three-fourths as long
as the tempora.
Pubescence long, coarse, cinereous and very conspicuous; punctures of
thevheadkstrompan Oudens@remeser votes since croc tesee dees 54. herifuga
Pubescence shorter, finer and less conspicuous, especially on the head;
punctures of the latter more minute and much less dense; elytral base
aNdraper al Crease cusses cee lecsia te «csssoadasce'sele ssueidaveaedeadace 55. mundus
Eyes very small, convex and prominent, about one-half as long as the tem-
pora; body much smaller and more convex...... 56. melancholicus
26—KEyes very small and prominent, much shorter than the tempora; body

MALO WUTC TMUMNUL Cte mactntesecitie coca: scersisice ca =deselovaule censure 57. ictericus.
Eyes larger and less convex, subequal to the tempora; body larger and much
SHOUT ec adccc cee cecsecese ass nivele selects dees cacsiswnceieaeseasiees 58. convexulus

2%—Head subquadrate, parallel at the sides; prothorax somewhat longer
than wide, broadly rounded at the sides anteriorly, the disk not modified
(5) 2) 018s dab cb. coda eee pon EE CaCO Se EEC rors ROcOce eee OER EtecrEres 59. maritimus

In this genus, as in all other large genera containing numerous
species which are abundant as a rule in individuals and widely
diffused, there are certain pronouncedly distinct typical forms
surrounded by others, evidently closely related, and derived from
a common progenitor in comparatively recent times. It is not,
however, for the systematist at the present time to pronounce
any definite opinion concerning the status of these more closely
allied species; he can only record them in order that they may be
referred to by future investigators, provided with more ample
data. Only those forms are here described under separate names
which differ structurally to a definite and obvious degree, and
their true relationships will be a problem to be solved mainly by a
study of life habits and interbreeding, if such subtle matters can
ever be looked into.

ul. A. horridus Lec.—Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., N. Y., V, p. 154; Proce.
Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 98.

One of the most remarkable species of the genus, rather stout,
flavate, with extremely coarse and sparse elytral punctures, the

ANNALS N. Y. AcAD. Scr., VIII, Oct., 1895.—47

692 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

entire body and legs bristling with very long erect hairs, which are
from one-third to one-half as long as the entire width of the pro-
thorax; also clothed with shorter sparse and more decumbent hairs.
Head rather longer than wide, coarsely and sparsely punctate,
with a wide impunctate median line not extending to the base,
the latter arcuate; eyes large and prominent; antenne a little
longer than the head and prothorax, gradually enlarged at apex.
Prothorax very coarsely punctured, a little longer than wide,
subequal in width to the head. Elytra large, about two-thirds
longer than wide and twice as wide as the prothorax, convex, the
omoplates not distinct. Length 3.0 mm.; width 1.0 mm.

Arizona (Gila River),—Cab. LeConte. I have before me a speci-
men from Tucson, which agrees well with the above short notes
which I drew up some years ago from the original type.

2. A. rufulus Lec.—Ann. Lyc., V, p. 155; Proc. Acad., 1852, p. 100.

This is also a very distinct species, represented at present by
the unique type in the LeConte cabinet at Cambridge, Mass. It
also has the body clothed sparsely with long erect hairs, which
are one-third as long as the width of the prothorax, but the head
is truncate, quadrate, closely and not very coarsely punctate,
with a narrow impunctate line; eyes large; antenne thick, a little
longer than the head and prothorax. Prothorax convex, the
sides oblique, not sinuate, a little narrower than the head and as
long as wide, the punctures fine but deep, even, rather close but
distinctly separated. Elytra twice as long as wide, not quite
- twice as wide as the prothorax, the punctures strong but not re-
markably coarse, separated by nearly twice their own diameters.
Length 2.5 mm.; width 0.8 mm.

California (San Diego). I have not had an opportunity to ex-
amine this species for generic characters of the mesosternum, but
infer that it is properly placed here, in spite of its resemblance
in form to vicinus, as related by LeConte.

3. A. cribratus Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 98.

Polished, pale testaceous, the elytra each with a large subcircu-
lar spot at apical fourth of paler flavate, which is usually rendered
still more obvious by blackish anterior and posterior margins ;
pubescence rather long, coarse, sparse, equal and posteriorly re-
curved, cinereous in color. Head coarsely punctate, with a

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 693

narrow impunctate median line; eyes rather large, prominent,
somewhat before the middle; antennz slender, incrassate, barely
as long as the head and prothorax, the joints strongly obconical,
the tenth subquadrate. Prothorax small and narrow, distinctly
narrower than the head and longer than wide, coarsely, moder-
ately closely punctate. Elytra four-fifths longer than wide, two
and one-half times wider than the prothorax, gradually narrowed
behind the middle and not very broadly rounded at apex; disk
very coarsely, deeply punctate, the punctures separated by rather
more than their own diameters, much finer toward apex. Length
3.0-3.8 mm.; width 0.85-1.0 mm.

California, from Sonoma to the southern parts of the State.
The male sexual characters are feeble, the fifth segment being en-
tirely unmodified on the disk and rounded at apex, the genital
segment feebly sinuato-truncate throughout its width. The cor-
neous sheath of the copulatory apparatus is quite simple, reduced
to a flattened fillet, feebly excavated along its under surface,
gradually and evenly narrowed from base to apex, the latter ob-
tusely rounded and blunt, not at all enlarged or modified ; viewed
in. profile, however, this corneous organ is seen to depart some-
what from the usual form in curvature, for, instead of being bent
downward, it is feebly bent upward toward apex, the entire organ
being protruded vertically downward in normal fashion from the
abdominal apex ; it is only about one-fourth as long as the abdo-
men.

4. A. hecate n. sp.—Moderately stout and convex, polished, black
throughout, the legs and antenne pale flavo-testaceous; elytra each with a
large ill-defined spot near the base and another, rounded, at apical fourth, of
testaceous, the suture also sometimes feebly suffused with a reddish tinge;
pubescence long, coarse, cinereous, rather sparse but conspicuous. Head as
long as wide, convex, strongly, somewhat closely punctate, with a broad
smooth median line which almost attains the base; eyes large, prominent,
rather before the middle; antennz not quite as long as the head and prothorax,
feebly incrassate, the second joint short, third elongate and distinctly longer
than the fourth, tenth as long as wide. Prothorax small, much narrower than
the head, exclusive of the collar not longer than wide, convex, rather coarsely
and closely punctate, broadly rounded at the sides anteriorly, feebly narrowed
thence to a short distance before the base where the sides become parallel;
collar long and strongly developed, finely, densely punctate, finely constricted
at base; basal margin subobsolete toward the middle. lytra nearly twice as
long as wide, about two and one-third times as wide as the prothorax, scarcely
visibly wider behind the middle than at base, thence gradually narrowed to

694 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

the apex which is not broadly rounded; base broadly truncate; punctures coarse,
and rather sparse; post-scutellar impression broad and distinct, the omoplates
very feeble. Abdomen polished, finely, somewhat closely punctate, the pubes-
cence short and abundant. Legs long, very slender. Length 3.0 mm.; width
1.0 mm.

California (San Mateo, near San Francisco).

This species is closely allied to cribratus, differing in its less
sparse, shorter, less erect and bristling pubescence, more narrowly
rounded and prominent humeri which are more transverse at base,
and in coloration. The latter is evidently a development of the
pattern seen in cribratus, but is very constant in the four speci-
mens before me, and is equally constant in my four specimens of
cribratus.

5. A. ephippium Laf.—Mon., p. 163; difficilis Lec.: Agass. ‘““Lake Su-
perior,’”’ p. 230; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 99; confusus Lec.: L ¢.,
15 wh

The general description of LaFerté, more especially the phrase
“téte distinctement ponctuée,” and the dimensions—3.0 by 1.0 mm.
—leave scarcely a doubt that the true ephippium of that author
isthe species named difficilis by LeConte; and the form described
subsequently under the name con/fusus is identical in every way,
the two large series in the LeConte cabinet agreeing completely,
even to the specimens which bear the type-labels.

This species occurs throughout North America east of the
Rocky Mountains, from New York to Texas (El Paso). Some
specimens from Wyoming are feebly marked like the Californian
pinguescens, but they may be readily distinguished from that
species by the sparser punctuation and rounded temporal angles.

The corneous copulatory sheath is elongate, parallel-sided,
transversely and strongly convex toward base, flattened toward
- apex, where it is rather abruptly narrowed in the form of a perfect
ogive, the apex of the ogive produced slightly in a small promi- °
nent point; the lateral edges of the flattened portion toward apex
are broadly reflexed. In profile the organ is straight; the mem-
branous efferent duct beneath is large and subcylindrical.

6. A. Simiolus n. sp.—Polished, dark rufo-testaceous, the under sur-—
face of the hind body, and a large median cloud on each elytron which is a
little more longitudinally developed at the sides, black; antennz and legs —
ochreous-yellow; pubescence rather long, coarse, semi-erect, sparse but cine-
reous and conspicuous. Head subquadrate, a little wider than long, broadly

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 695

rounded and minutely impressed in the middle at base, feebly convex,
strongly but sparsely punctate, with a wide impunctate line; eyes moderately
large and prominent, subequal in length to the tempora; basal angles mod-
erately distinct; antennz slender, feebly incrassate, as long as the head and
prothorax, the tenth joint as long as wide. Prothorax slightly narrower than
the head and a little wider than long, the sides strongly rounded anteriorly,
thence oblique and feebly arcuate to basal fourth, then subparallel to the
base; disk strongly and rather closely punctate; collar wide and well devel-
oped. L£lytra two-thirds longer than wide, twice as wide as the prothorax,
distinctly wider at the middle than at base, the apex not broadly, evenly
rounded; humeri widely rounded; omoplates very feeble; punctures coarse
and sparse. Legs moderate in length, not very slender. Length 2.8-3.3 mm. ;
width 0.85-1.15 mm.

Vancouver Island (Victoria). Mr. Wickham.

Closely allied in general characters and coloration to ephip-
pium, but distinguishable very readily by the much smaller eyes.
The copulatory sheath is similar in form to that of ephippium
but is more gradually and acutely ogival, the apex of the ogive
produced in a finer point; on the upper surface at apex the sides
are very much more narrowly and feebly reflexed than in ephip-
pium.

7. A. luteolus Lec.—Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., N. Y., V, p. 154; Proc.
Acad., Phila., 1852, p. 99.

Rather narrow, moderately convex, polished, pale ochreous-
flavate throughout, the elytra sometimes very feebly clouded to-
ward the middle but never distinctly fasciate; pubescence coarse,
sparse, pale in color, subdecumbent and only moderately long.
Head quadrate, broadly rounded at base, coarsely, rather sparsely
punctate, with an impunctate line; basal angles rounded; eyes
large. Prothorax slightly narrower than the head, fully as wide
as long, similar in form to that of ephippium but more coarsely
and sparsely punctate. Elytra about four-fifths longer than wide,
scarcely twice as wide as the prothorax, gradually narrowed be-
hind the middle, the apex somewhat narrowly rounded; punc-
tures coarse, rather sparse, only slightly smaller toward apex.
Abdomen finely and very sparsely punctate. Length 2.7 mm.;
width 0.8 mm.

California (Yuma) and Arizona (Hast Bridge). This form is
smaller, narrower and paler than any of the others of the ephip-
pium group, and the elytral punctures are more uniform in size
throughout the disk; the pubescence, also, is decidedly shorter

696 Coleopterological Notices, V1.

and more decumbent. The description of LeConte is misleading
in regard especially to the form of the protnorax, which does not
differ from his difficilis to any noticeable degree.

8. A. pimguescems n. sp.—Rather stout, convex, shining, dark piceous,
the under side black; elytra pale brownish-flavate, very feebly and indefinitely
clouded with piceous in an oblique spot at the middle of each; legs and an-
tenn pale; pubescence coarse, semi-erect, cinereous, not dense but conspic-
uous. Head quadrate, as long as wide, feebly convex, coarsely, deeply,
moderately closely punctate, with an almost entire median impunctate line;
eyes large, prominent, the tempora straight and parallel, with the flanks flat-
tened behind the eyes, about two-thirds as long as the latter; base broadly
arcuate, not at all impressed, the basal angles very distinct and rather narrowly
rounded; antennz somewhat slender. feebly incrassate, not quite as long as the
head and prothorax, the tenth joint fully as long as wide. Prothorax large,
convex, fully as wide as the head, a little wider than long, narrowly rounded
at the sides anteriorly, the sides oblique and feebly arcuate thence to basal
fourth or fifth, then parallel to the base: collar broad, strongly developed;
punctures deep, rather coarse and close; basal margin narrow but distinct.
Elytra three-fourths longer than wide, twice as wide as the prothorax, the sides
parallel and feebly arcuate, a little more convergent behind the middle, the
apex somewhat broadly rounded; humeri widely and transversely exposed at
base; omoplates very feeble; punctures rather coarse, separated by scarcely
more than their own widths. Abdomen polished, finely but not densely punc-
tate, the legs long and rather stout. Length 3.2 mm.; width 1.15 mm.

California (San Francisco to Los Angeles).

The male has the posterior tibiz broadly, feebly swollen within
in basal two-thirds, the fifth ventral unmodified, rounded behind,
the genital segment arcuate at tip in the middle and thence sinuate
for a short distance to each lateral angle. The copulatory sheath
is parallel-sided, as in the preceding species, but the tip is much
more abruptly and briefly ogival, the apex of the ogive pro-
duced in a broader, obtusely rounded process, the flattened
superior surface at apex only very slightly and narrowly im-
pressed along the obliquely rounding sides of the ogive. Six
specimens.

The four preceding species are mutually closely allied, and evi-
dently descended from a common stock in comparatively recent
times. Whether they should be termed species or geographical
varieties is, at the present time,a matter of opinion; they all
differ by well marked peculiarities of structural detail, and, in the
opinion of the writer, can be considered geographical varieties
only in the sense that all the species of a genus are geographical

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 69T

or environmental varieties of a common parent species. These
four species, and probably a few others yet to be described, con-
stitute a subgenus or a small and pure genus within a large and
complex so-called genus, as shown by the common type of sex-
ual organization. Primary sexual characters are, as far as known,
exceedingly constant and permanent features, and decided ditter-
ences in them should apparently indicate divergence at compara-
tively remote epochs. In fact, as before indicated, these sexual
characters when differing decidedly in type are extremely impor-
tant taxonomic elements, and are often indices of generic iden-
tity. This is not to say that all such genera should necessarily
receive distinct appellations at present, nor does it mean that
these are the only criteria for the estimation of genera, as we fre-
quently meet with entire families, which must be split up into
genera because of certain more or less apparently important mor-
phological inconsistencies, in which the sexual structure is quite
uniform; but it means that those groups in which the sexual
structure is varied are, as a rule, the oldest and most permanently
established aggregates, in spite of any accidental similarities in
outward form or habitus.

9. A. flawicans Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 99.

Moderately stout, convex, the elytra polished, dark rufo-testa-
ceous, the abdomen blackish; elytra blackish at apex and at the
middle; pubescence long, coarse, shaggy and conspicuous. Head
quadrate, feebly convex, truncate at base, with a very obsolete
median impression; basal angles right and distinct ; eyes moder-
ate, prominent, not longer than the tempora which are parallel to
the base; surface strongly, closely punctate, with an entire me-
dian impunctate line; antenne slender, feebly incrassate. Pro-
thorax scarcely narrower than the head, convex, fully as wide as
long, the sides rounded anteriorly, thence moderately convergent
and feebly arcuate to basal fifth, then parallel to the base, the lat-
ter feebly margined; disk with long fine and close, longitudinal
and anastomosing rug, which are punctured at the bottom.
Elytra three-fourths longer than wide, barely twice as wide as the
prothorax, convex, rather narrowly rounded behind, somewhat
coarsely and sparsely punctate; omoplates invisible. Abdomen
rather sparsely punctate. Length 2.3-3.1 mm.; width 0.8—1.1 mm.

Montana, Wyoming and Iowa; obtained in large numbers at

698 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

various localities by Mr. Wickham. It varies considerably in
color and size, some specimens having entirely flavate elytra; the
head and prothorax are always a little darker, however.

10. A. Scabriceps Lec.—Agassiz ‘‘ Lake Superior,’’ p. 230; Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 99.

Rather narrow, convex, variable in color; surface shining; pu-
bescence coarse and sparse, cinereous and distinct. Head sub-
quadrate, wider than long, feebly convex, truncate and broadly,
feebly impressed at base; basal angles distinct ; eyes moderate,
about as long as the tempora, the latter parallel; surface some-
what closely covered with small, strongly elevated tubercles, the
integument polished; median smooth line partially obliterated ;
antenn moderately stout and incrassate. Prothorax somewhat
narrower than the head and fully as wide as long, convex, the
sides broadly rounded, convergent behind the middle to near the
base; surface with confused tuberculate sculpture, the punctures
bearing the hairs minute. Elytra four-fifths longer than wide,
twice as wide as the prothorax, the sides parallel and feebly arcu-
ate; surface coarsely and sparsely punctate, the omoplates obso-
lete. Abdomen polished, finely and remotely punctate. Legs
slender. Length 2.5 mm.; width 0.8 mm.

Lake Superior,—Cab. LeConte. The general color is black
throughout, with the elytra a little paler at apex, but paler speci-
mens occur with the elytra testaceous throughout, or having a
median black fascia.

11. A. compositus n. sp.—A. ephippium Lec. nec Laf.: Proc. Acad. Nat.
Seci., Phila., 1852, p. 99.—Moderately stout, convex, polished, pale rufo-
testaceous, the under surface of the body and a median elytral fascia black,
the latter generally feeble and frequently obsolete; pubescence cinereous,
coarse, rather short and subdecumbent anteriorly, very long erect and bristling
on the elytra, the hairs varying in length. Head subquadrate, as long as wide,
moderately convex, polished, truncate and feebly impressed at base, the angles
somewhat distinct; eyes large, longer than the tempora; surface sparsely
tuberculose and with intermingled sparse punctures, also with an entire median
smooth line; antennz slender, barely as long as the head and prothorax, very
feebly incrassate. Prothorax distinctly narrower than the head, about as long
as wide, rounded at apical third, the sides thence oblique and arcuate to basal
fifth, thence slightly expanded to the basal margin which is feebly defined;
collar large, very feebly constricted; surface convex, coarsely and confusedly
tuberculose and finely, sparsely punctulate. lytra three-fourths longer than
wide, fully twice as wide as the prothorax, parallel and evenly arcuate at the

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 699

sides from base to apex, the apex moderately broadly rounded; humeri widely
exposed; omoplates subobsolete; punctures very coarse and sparse. Abdomen
polished, sparsely punctate, the legs slender. Length 2.2-2.4 mm.; width
0.75-0.8 mm.

New York (Willets Point, Long Island).

A much smaller species than ephippium Laf., and distinguishable
from scabriceps, to which it is closely allied, by its shorter, more
oval elytra, longer and more erect elytral vestiture, sparser cephalic
sculpture and several other characters. It seems to be rare and
rather local. Five specimens.

The copulatory sheath is as simple as possible, consisting of a
straight paralled-sided fillet, transversely convex above through-
out and not at all impressed at the sides toward apex, the latter
arcuately narrowed in a perfect ogive, with well defined angulate
but unmodified tip; the under surface of the organ is deeply ex-
cavated throughout its entire length for the efferent duct.

12. A. migrita Mann.—Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc., 1853, p. 269.

Body black throughout. Head and prothorax finely, extremely
densely punctate and opaque, the punctures subconfluent; eyes
rather small, at a little more than their own length from the base ;
antennze somewhat thick, a little longer than the head and pro-
thorax, the intermediate joints but slightly longer than wide, the
tenth a little wider than long. Prothorax very slightly narrower
than the head, not quite as long as wide, evenly convex. Elytra
throughout as in biguttulus, but entirely black. Length 3.2 mm.;
width 1.25 mm.

Alaska (Kenai). The above outline notes were taken from the
single specimen in the LeConte cabinet.

13. A. OvVicollis n. sp.—Stout, convex, somewhat shining, brownish-
testaceous throughout above and beneath, the head piceous-black; pubescence
abundant, moderate and uniform in length, semi-erect, dusky-cinereous in
color. Head subquadrate, as wide as long, transverse, feebly arcuate and un-
impressed at base, the angles broadly rounded, the tempora large, becoming
gradually parallel near the eyes, the latter moderately large and prominent;
surface finely, rather closely punctate, the impunctate line only visible toward
base; antennze about as long as the head and prothorax, somewhat stout, dis-
tinctly incrassate, the tenth joint distinctly longer than wide. Prothorax
rather distinctly narrower than the head, a little longer than wide, strongly,
evenly convex, broadly rounded at the sides, the latter gradually convergent
and arcuate anteriorly to the somewhat narrow collar, feebly convergent in
ba sal third to the moderately wide and distinct basal margin, which is feebly

700 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

expanded laterally; punctures rather coarse, deep and very close though dis-
tinctly separated. Llytra large, two-thirds longer than wide, a little more
than twice as wide as the prothorax, quite distinctly wider just behind the
middle than at base, the apex somewhat broadly rounded; omoplates large and
very feeble; punctures coarse and rather sparse, slightly finer toward apex.
Abdomen finely, somewhat closely punctate, the pubescence short and very fine.
Legs moderate in length, rather stout. Length 3.3 mm.; width 1.25 mm.

California (Los Angeles).

Represented by a single female, having a large nubilate paler
spot on each elytron at about apical third. The species is distin-
guishable from biguttulus by the peculiar form of the prothorax.

A male, taken in southern California by Mr. Dunn, is placed
with this species for the present, although it differs in having a
relatively larger, more elongate and less medially rounded pro-
thorax and narrower bodily form ; it is similar, however, in color-
ation, being pale, with the head black. This specimen is the only
one before me of the biguttulus group which has the male organs
in any way protruded, and even here they are only partially visi-
ble; the copulatory sheath has the sides straight and gradually
convergent at apex, the immediate tip of the latter prolonged in
a narrow acute point; the excavation of the under surface con-
tinues to the extreme acute apex, becoming canaliculate along the
produced spiculiform portion; the portion visible is perfectly
straight in profile.

14. A. biguttulus Lec.—Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., N .Y., V, p. 150;
Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 101.

Moderately broad, shorter and stouter in the female, black
throughout ; tarsi and antennie toward base paler; elytra each
with a small rufo-testaceous spot behind the middle, which is fre-
quently almost obsolete; pubescence abundant, moderately long
and coarse. Head subquadrate, finely but strongly, densely
punctate, without impunctate line, the base broadly arcuato-trun-
cate, not impressed; angles broadly rounded; tempora long, be-
coming parallel for a long distance behind the eyes, the latter
moderately small, prominent; antennz rather longer than the
head and prothorax, moderately incrassate, the tenth joint dis-
tinetly longer than wide. Prothorax large, subequal in width to
the head, a little longer than wide, convex, deeply, not very
coarsely, extremely densely punctate, widest one-third from the
apex, the sides very broadly arcuate, gradually convergent pos-

Coleopterological Notices, VI. TO1

teriorly to the somewhat dilated basal margin, the latter sub-
obsolete toward the middle. Elytra three-fourths longer than
wide, twice as wide as the prothorax, the sides parallel and dis-
tinctly arcuate, distinctly shorter and broader in the female ;
omoplates large and nearly obsolete ; punctures somewhat sparse
and rather coarse, gradually finer toward apex. Abdomen
strongly shining, though minutely and closely punctured and
pubescent. Length 3.5-3.7 mm.; width 1.25 mm.

California (Santa Clara to Humboldt). Readily distinguish-
able from ovicollis by the larger, more anteriorly rounded pro-
thorax, denser punctuation of the head and some other characters.
The male has the fifth ventral but slightly longer than the fourth,
unmodified and very broadly rounded behind, the genital segment
coriaceous, large and wide, broadly arcuate throughout at apex
and with a small rounded indentation at the middle of the disk.

Two of the specimens depart noticeably from the usual form
and represent, either aberrations, or structural varieties. The first
—taken in the valley of Redwood Creek, Humboldt Co., where the
normal form also occurred—has the punctures throughout much
coarser and sparser and the prothorax smaller, shorter, more
broadly rounded at the sides, and widest only a little before the
middle ; the second, a unique taken in Sonoma Co., has the pune-
tuation normal, but the prothorax is smaller, more broadly and
posteriorly rounded, and the head has a narrow but distinct and
entire impunctate line; they are both females.

15. A. hastatus n. sp.—Moderately stout, convex and polished, black;
tibize, tarsi and antennze toward base, testaceous; elytra indefinately pale at
apex; pubescence coarse, somewhat sparse, moderate in length. Head quad-
rate, convex, strongly, rather sparsely punctate, without definite impunctate
line, the base broadly arcuato-truncate, not at all impressed; angles broadly
rounded, the tempora long; eyes moderate; antennz as long as the head and
prothorax, becoming gradually rather strongly incrassate, the tenth joint
scarcely at all longer than wide. Prothorax nearly as wide as the head, not
longer than wide, widest at apical third, where the sides are rounded, thence
arcuately narrowed to the basal margin; disk convex, somewhat finely but
strongly, rather sparsely punctured. L/ytra three-fourths longer than wide,
twice as wide as the prothorax, the sides parallel and almost evenly and dis-
tinctly arcuate; apex not very broadly rounded; humeri widely exposed; omo-
plates completely obsolete; punctures rather coarse and sparse. Abdomen pol-
ished, finely but only moderately closely punctured, the pubescence some-
what coarse, the legs rather short and stout; femora piceous. Length 2.5
3.0 mm.; width 0.95-1.1 mm.

T02 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

Wyoming ( Green River); Nevada ( Elko). Mr. Wickham.

The posterior trochanters are finely spiculate posteriorly in the
male, and this very distinct species is, for this reason alone, as-
sociated with biguttulus; that it really has but little affinity, is
however shown by the male sexual characters, which are wholly
different.

The fifth ventral is broadly rounded, but slightly longer than
the fourth, and unmodified, the genital segment corneous, feebly
and rather broadly arcuato-truncate at apex, with its surface
transversely impressed posteriorly. Only the apical part of the
copulatory sheath is visible, but this is modified so as to no longer
serve as a protective sheath, but simply as an anchor; it consists
of a slender parallel-sided shaft, having at the apex a perfect and
strongly developed double barbed cordiform enlargement, the
lateral lobes of which are obliquely prominent posteriorly ; viewed
in profile the barbed point is arcuate downward, with its ex-
treme tip acute.

16. A. protectus n. sp.—Elongate, convex, polished, variable in color
from pale brownish-testaceous, with or without the head black—generally
male,—to black throughout the body and legs, with the antennz paler toward
base—generally female; elytra each with a small pale spot behind the middle,
which is frequently obsolete; pubescence moderate in length, coarse and
abundant. Head and antenn nearly as in biguttulus. Prothorax large, fully
as wide as the head, scarcely longer than wide, rather feebly convex on the
disk, widest and broadly rounded at the sides two-fifths from the apex, the
sides gradually convergent and continuously arcuate to the basal margin,
which is slightly dilated laterally; disk very deeply but not coarsely, densely
punctured. £lytra long, nearly twice as long as wide in the male, but shorter
in the female, barely twice as wide as the prothorax, the sides parallel and
distinctly arcuate, the convergent portion from apical two-fifths to near the tip
perfectly straight; apex moderately widely subtruncate; post-scutellar impres-
sion moderate, the omoplates subobsolete; punctures coarse and sparse, scarcely
less distinct toward apex. Abdomen finely, very densely punctate and dull,
the legs somewhat stout. Length 3.5-3.8 mm.; width 1.1-1.2 mm.

California (Lake Co.).

This species is closely allied to biguttulus, but has the elytra
jonger, more obliquely and rectilinearly narrowed toward apex,
the pronota] punctures rather coarser and less dense, those of the
elytra somewhat stronger and relatively more obvious toward
tip, the abdomen duller and more densely punctate, the prothorax
of slightly different shape, and differs also in several other details |

Coleopterological Notices, VI. T03

of structure. The male has the fifth ventral much longer than
the fourth.

17. A. solidus n. sp.—Stout, convex, shining, rufo-ferruginous, the head
and elytra darker and piceous; antennze fuscous, paler toward base; pubes-
cence moderately long, coarse, abundant and distinct. Head subquadrate,
slightly wider than long, convex, the outline nearly as in biguttulus, the
punctures coarse and sparse; median impunctate line slightly evident anteri-
orly; eyes moderate; antennz barely as long as the head and prothorax, some-
what incrassate, the tenth joint distinctly longer than wide. Prothorazx large,
convex, fully as wide as the head, a little longer than wide, widest and
broadly rounded at apical third, the sides thence moderately and arcuately
convergent to the basal margin which is slightly tumid laterally; punctures
coarse deep and close but distinctly separated. Elytra large, two-thirds longer
than wide, twice as wide as the prothorax, the sides parallel and arcuate;
apex broadly rounded; disk distinctly wider in the middle than at base; hu-
meri widely exposed, becoming transverse at the prothorax; omoplates obso-
lete; punctures coarse and separated by rather more than their own diameters,
smaller toward apex. Abdomen finely, closely punctate, the punctures vary-
ing slightly in size. Legs rather long, the femora somewhat stout. Length
3.7 mm.; width 1.25 mm.

Arizona (Benson). Mr. G. W. Dunn.

The single female represents a species allied rather closely to
biguitulus, but departing structurally in its stouter thicker body,
and much coarser and sparser punctuation of the head and pro-
notum.

There is before me another female, taken by Mr. Dunn at El
Paso, Texas, which I refer for the present to this species,
although it differs to a great degree in color; it is black through-
out, the legs paler, the pronotum paler in basal half, the elytra
testaceous, with the basal margin, a large uneven median and
smaller subapical fascia, black, the last two enclosing the usual
pale spot, which is not at all suggested in the type of solidus;
the prothorax, also, is noticeably shorter, being not longer than
wide.

18. A. subcalwus n. sp.—Stout, convex, polished, intense black
throughout, the tibiz and antennz toward base dark piceo-rufous; tarsi testa-
ceous; pubescence of the head and prothorax moderate in length, rather sparse
and coarse, the elytra completely devoid of pubescence, each puncture having
at the bottom an extremely short seta, not appearing above its margin. Head
subquadrate, a little wider than long, convex, similar in outline to that of
biguttulus, the punctures somewhat coarse and distant, without an impunctate
line; antennz distinctly longer than the head and prothorax, gradually and

704 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

moderately inerassate, the tenth joint distinctly longer than wide. Prothorax
searcely narrower than the head, as long as wide, convex, widest and rather
strongly rounded at anterior third, the sides thence moderately convergent and
just visibly arcuate to the basal margin; punctures somewhat coarse, deep and
close but distinctly separated. Elytra large, scarcely two-thirds longer than
wide, distinctly more than twice as wide as the prothorax, evidently wider just
behind the middle than at base; sides arcuate; apex not very broadly rounded;
humeri widely exposed; omoplates large and subobsolete; punctures coarse,
deep and well separated, but slightly smaller and more distant toward apex.
Abdomen polished, finely, closely punctate, the metasternum more coarsely and
sparsely. Legs rather long and slender; femora moderately stout; coxse dark
rufous. Length 3.9 mm.: width 1.35 mm.

Utah (southwestern). Mr. Weidt.

The single female represents a form closely related to biguttulus,
but differing in the characters heretofore stated. It is possible
that the elytra may have been accidentally denuded in this speci-
men, but it is difficult to imagine how this could have been ef-
fected so uniformly, not a single long hair remaining, except the
usual series af erect tactile setee along the flanks toward base.

19. A. coracinus Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 103.

Elongate, convex, black, the tibiz and tarsi paler; antenne
black throughout; head and prothorax glabrous, the elytra with
extremely short, remote and decumbent hairs. Head subquad-
rate, parallel, slightly transverse, the base truncate, strongly im-
pressed in the middle; eyes small; tempora long and parallel ;
angles rounded; surface moderately convex, alutaceous, finely
but strongly, sparsely punctate, with a narrow and entire impunc-
tate line; antenn rather longer than the head and prothorax,
moderately incrassate, the tenth joint not longer than wide.
Prothorax distinctly narrower than the head, a little longer than
wide, very convex, widest and broadly rounded at apical two-
fifths, the sides thence gradually feebly convergent to a rounded
feeble constriction near the base, the latter wholly devoid of
beaded margin; collar broad but distinct; surface alutaceous, finely
but strongly, sparsely punctured. Elytra very long, twice as long
as wide, twice as wide as the prothorax, three-fourths wider than
the head, the sides parallel and evenly arcuate; apex rather
broadly rounded; post-scutellar impression wide and distinct;
omoplates subobsolete; disk polished, sparsely, very coarsely
and deeply punctured. Abdomen finely, moderately sparsely

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 705

punctate, alutaceous. Legs somewhat short and stout. Length
3.5 mm.; width 1.1 mm.

Regions near the Great Lakes. The male of this very isolated
species has the posterior trochanters simple, the hind tibiz in-
crassate and feebly, inwardly arcuate, the fifth ventral distinctly
longer than the fourth, very broadly arcuato-truncate throughout
the width, the genital segment black, corncous, very broadly
arcuato-truncate, polished and with a large rounded median im-
pression.

20. A. monticola n. sp.—Kather stout, shining, black throughout, the
tibize and tarsi pale; pubescence coarse, cinereous, moderately short, abundant
and conspicuous. Head large, subquadrate, moderately convex, broadly arcu-
ato-truncate and broadly, feebly impressed at base, the angles broadly rounded
into the tempora, which become parallel behind the eyes, the latter prominent,
rather large, at one-half more than their own length from the base; surface
somewhat finely but strongly, moderately closely punctured, with a narrow
entire impunctate line; antennze not quite as long as the head and prothorax,
very feebly incrassate, the tenth joint not distinctly elongate. Prothorax
rather large, slightly narrower than the head, as wide as long, rounded on the
sides anteriorly, obliquely narrowed thence to the basal margin, which is de-
fined by a fine impressed line and dilated somewhat at the sides; punctures
somewhat coarse deep and close. Elytra three-fourths longer than wide, per-
ceptibly more than twice as wide as the prothorax, slightly wider at the mid-
dle than at base; apex rather broadly rounded; scutellar impression feeble;
omoplates obsolete; punctures strong and somewhat close but not very coarse.
Abdomen shining, finely, closely punctate, the pubescence short, fine and rather
dense. Legs somewhat long and slender. Length 3.2 mm.; width 1.05 mm.

Wyoming (Laramie).

The four specimens before me do not exhibit any variation, and
their sex is not. apparent. ‘This species is not comparable very
closely with any other known to me.

21. A. cephalotes n. sp.—Rather narrow and subdepressed, polished,
black, the legs piceo-rufous; pubescence moderately long, cinereous, somewhat
dense and distinct. Head large, convex, subquadrate, slightly transverse,
broadly truncate and feebly impressed at base, the angles rounded, the tem-
pora becoming parallel at a considerable distance behind the eyes, the latter
moderate in size; surface rather coarsely and densely punctate, with a narrow
and entire impunctate line; antennz missing in the type, pale at base. Pro-
thorax rather small, not more than three-fourths as wide as the head, not longer
than wide, widest and somewhat narrowly rounded near apical fourth, the
sides thence rather strongly and somewhat arcuately convergent to the feeble
ante-basal constriction; basal margin defined by a fine impressed line; punc-
tures rather fine but strong, not dense, the surface moderately convex and

706 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

highly polished. /ytra three-fourths longer than wide, twice as wide as the
prothorax, not very obviously wider at the middle than at base, the sides
parallel and very feebly arcuate; apex broadly obtuse; post-scutellar impres-
sion broad and distinct, the omoplates subobsolete; punctures strong and rather
close but not very coarse. Abdomen feebly alutaceous, minutely punctate,
moderately densely pubescent, the legs moderate. Length 2.7 mm.; width
0.8 mm.

Vancouver Island (Victoria). Mr. Wickham.

The type is a male and has rather feeble sexual characters, as
far as can be observed, the fifth ventral being but slightly longer
than the fourth, unmodified and broadly rounded at apex, the
genital segment short, somewhat narrow, flat, corneous and black,
trapezoidal in form with the apex truncate. This species is re-
lated rather closely to punctulatus, but is smaller, with shorter
elytra, much larger head and distinctly longer and more shaggy
pubescence.

22. A. pumnctulatus Lec.—Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., N. Y., V, p. 155;
Proc. Acad., Phila., 1852, p. 100.

Moderately narrow, convex, polished, black throughout, the
tibiz rufescent; tarsi paler; antennee fuscous ; pubescence short,
cinereous, rather abundant and distinct. Head subquadrate,
moderately convex, truncate and broadly impressed at base, the
angles rounded; eyes moderate; surface somewhat coarsely,
closely punctate, with a smooth and entire median line; antennz
moderately incrassate, the tenth joint slightly longer than wide.
Prothorax distinctly narrower than the head, somewhat longer
than wide, widest and broadly rounded at apical third or fourth ;
punctures deep, decidedly coarse and close-set. Elytra elongate
fully four-fifths longer than wide, gradually narrowed and not at
all broadly rounded behind; sides very feebly arcuate ; omoplates
large and feeble; punctures deep, rather close, moderately coarse.
Abdomen shining though minutely and very densely punctate.
Legs rather short and slender. Length 2.5-3.0 mm.; width 0.75—
1.0 mm.

California, from the southern parts of the State to Siskiyou;
also at Lake Tahoe. The pronotum is generally broadly and
feebly impressed along the median line, especially anteriorly. I
obtained a large series at Gilroy Springs.

The copulatory sheath is of peculiar form; it is rather stout,
and, when viewed dorsally, has the sides straight and gradually

Coleopterological Notices, VI. TOT

convergent from base to apex, the latter narrowly truncate, with
a small and very short truncate median projection, the surface
strongly and transversely convex throughout; on the under sur-
face it is broadly and deeply excavated throughout its length,
the side walls projecting inward and prominent at basal fourth;
in profile the entire organ is strongly and evenly arcuate down-
ward from base to apex. The fifth ventral is unmodified, broadly
rounded at apex, the genital segment rather small, flat, short and
trapezoidal.

23. A. decrepitus n. sp.—Moderately stout, the elytra somewhat de-
pressed, polished, black, the entire under surface, legs and antennz rufo-testa-
ceous; pubescence moderate in length, somewhat dense, cinereous and con-
spicuous. Head moderate in size, quadrate, strongly convex, finely, sparsely
punctate, arcuato-truncate and minutely, feebly impressed at base; angles
broadly rounded; tempora long, parallel behind the eyes which are moderately
large and prominent ; antennz rather short, not quite as long as the head and
prothorax, somewhat incrassate, the tenth joint as long as wide. Prothorax
small, much narrower than the head, fully as long as wide, convex, con-
stricted in an obtuse angle at basal fourth, the sides anteriorly broadly
rounded; disk widest near apical fourth, strongly but rather sparsely punc-
tate; basal margin short. /ytra nearly four-fifths longer than wide, distinctly
more than twice as wide as the prothorax, broadly and obtusely rounded be-
hind, the sides parallel and feebly arcuate; subscutellar impression broad and
feeble; omoplates nearly obsolete; punctures close, deepand moderately coarse;
finer and feebler toward apex. Abdomen polished, coarsely reticulate in fine
lines, the punctures very feeble. Legs moderate in length, slender. Length
2.4 mm.; width 0.75 mm.

Oregon (The Dalles). Mr. Wickham.

This species is remarkable, among its associates of the present
group, in the form and small size of the prothorax, the constric-
tion being at a greater distance from the base than usual; it re-
sembles cephalotes, but differs greatly in its smaller head and pro-
thorax; in decrepitus the basal width of the latter is almost
equal to its maximum width. The sex of the single specimen in
my cabinet has not been determined.

24. A. mercurialis n. sp.—Somewhat slender, the elytra slightly flat-
tened, shining, dark piceous-brown or paler, the paler forms frequently with
a large nubilate and slightly paler spot on each elytron at apical fourth, and
also paler near the base; antennz throughout and legs rufo-testaceous, the
femora darker; pubescence stiff but short, rather abundant, pale yellowish-

cinereous and distinct. Head subquadrate, wider than long, convex, truncate
at base and broadly, strongly impressed in the middle, the angles broadly

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., VIII, Oct., 1895—48.

708 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

rounded, the tempora becoming parallel; eyes moderately large and prominent;
disk rather finely but strongly, closely punctate, with a very well defined
entire and somewhat narrow impuncetate line; antennz slender, as long as the
head and prothorax, feebly incrassate, the tenth joint fully as long as wide.
Prothorax scarcely more than three-fourths as wide as the head, somewhat
longer than wide, rounded at the sides anteriorly, finely, deeply, very densely
punctate. Elytra somewhat more than three-fourths longer than wide, twice
as wide as the prothorax, the sides parallel, evenly and feebly arcuate, the
apex not very broadly rounded; scutellar impression broad and distinct, the
omoplates almost obsolete; punctures strong and close, moderately coarse, very
much finer toward apex. Abdomen alutaceous, minutely, extremely densely
punctate and finely reticulate, more shining and distinctly punctate toward
base. Legs moderately short, slender, the femora minutely and densely punc-
tate. Length 2.9 mm.; width 0.8-0.9 mm.

California (Mendocino, Humboldt, Lake and Sonoma Cos.).

It is possible that there may be some closely allied species in-
termingled in the large series before me, but they cannot be ad-
vantageously separated at present. This species is closely allied
to punctulatus and is similar in the male sexual characters, but it
is somewhat more slender, with less elongate elytra, more finely
and much more densely punctate head and prothorax, the latter
relatively narrower, and is never black, while of the numerous
specimens of punctulatus which I have taken, none are pale and
the two forms are never found in the same locality.

The elytra are impressed along the sutural margin toward apex,
especially in the male.

A single female from Tahichipi Pass is associated with mer-
curialis for the present, but it almost certainlv represents a dis-
tinct and decidedly stouter species.

25. A. cervinus Laf.—Mon., p. 181; Lec.: Proc. Acad., Phila., 1852, p.
100.

Rufo-ferruginous, feebly shining, strongly, very densely punc-
tate throughout, the punctures of the elytra not coarse; elytra
with a transverse blackish fascia at the middle and another near
the apex, enclosing a large pale spot at apical third, the macula-
tion always more or less nubilate and frequently obsolete.
Length 2.2-2.7 mm. ; width 0.7—-0.95 mm.

Entire United States east of the Rocky Mountains, from Idaho
(Coeur d’Aléne) to New York, Texas and Mississippi. This
species is so common and well known that further description
would be superfluous in this imperfect revision.

Coleopterological Notices, V1. 709

The copulatory sheath is long, moderately stout, only feebly
arcuate from base to apex, parallel-sided and transversely convex
from a dorsal point of view, gradually narrowed in a long simple
ogival and not very acute point in apical third, the under surface
deeply excavated throughout, the walls projecting strongly in-
ward at basal fifth or sixth. It is thus of the same type as in
punctulatus, but is parallel, more pointed and much less arcuate.

26. A. gilemsis n. sp.—Moderately stout, convex, rather dull, rufo-ferru-
ginous, the abdomen blackish; elytra with a feeble and nubilate blackish
fascia at the middle and a paler subapical spot as in cervinus, both frequently
obsolete. Head subquadrate, wider than long, strongly convex, finely, some-
what closely punctate, without a well-defined smooth line, the base truncate
and feebly impressed; eyes large and prominent, at a little less than their own
length from the base; antennze long and rather stout, decidedly incrassate, as
long as the head and prothorax, the tenth joint not quite as long as wide.
Prothorax distinctly narrower than the head, fully aslong as wide, convex,
obtusely constricted at basal fifth, broadly rounded at the sides anteriorly,
finely, closely punctate. Elytra three-fourths longer than wide, slightly more
than twice as wide as the prothorax, the sides parallel and feebly arcuate;
apex not very broadly rounded; punctures somewhat fine but deep and very
close-set. Abdomen rather dull, the legs very pale; femora somewhat stout.
Length 2.2-2.7 mm.; width 0.7-0.9 mm.

Arizona (Tucson).

This species is closely allied to cervinus, differing in its stouter
and more incrassate antenne, broader head which is broadly im-
pressed in the middle at base, and in its still larger eyes. The
copulatory sheath is nearly similar to that of cervinus, but is
more gradually narrowed to an obtuse ogival point in more than
apical half; the efferent duct is stout, but becomes rapidly and
obliquely pointed toward apex.

27. A. preeceps n. sp.—Moderately stout and convex, shining, black
throughout beneath, the head and pronotum picescent; elytra dark rufo-tes-
taceous, becoming flavate toward base, along the apical margin and in a
rounded spot near apical fourth, the surface blackish before and behind the
spot; antennze and legs throughout pale flavate; pubescence cinereous, rather
coarse and abundant, somewhat long on the elytra. Head fully as long as
wide, parallel, broadly arcuato-truncate and unimpressed at base, the angles
rounded; tempora becoming parallel for some distance behind the eyes, the
latter moderately large, prominent; punctures fine but strong, rather close,
the impunctate line feebly defined; antennz distinctly shorter than the head and
prothorax, somewhat stout, feebly incrassate, the tenth joint scarcely as long,
as wide. Prothorax small, much narrower than the head, a little longer than

T10 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

wide, convex; sides broadly rounded, obtusely constricted at basal fifth;
punctures close, strong and moderately fine. Elytra scarcely two-thirds longer
than wide, distinctly more than twice as wide as the prothorax, the sides
parallel and almost evenly arcuate; apex not broadly rounded; humeri broadly
exposed and transversely rounded at base; omoplates obsolete; punctures
coarse, deep and rather sparse, smaller toward apex. Abdomen somewhat
alutaceous, minutely and closely punctate, pubescent, paler at tip. Legs rather
long and slender. Length 2.7 mm.; width 0.85 mm.

California (Mendocino Co.). ,

This conspicuous species bears a striking superficial resem-
blance to cribratus Lec., but belongs to the curvinus group, hav-
ing the head truncate at base. The single male before me has
very feeble sexual characters, and the spicule is not at all pro-
truded.

28. A. seminotatus n. sp.—Rather narrow, moderately depressed, shin-
ing, pale rufo-ferruginous, the under surface of the hind body blackish ex-
cept toward the abdominal apex; elytra each with a rounded and feebly de-
fined flavescent spot at apical fourth, the adjacent surface just visibly pices-
cent; pubescence short, moderately dense. Head well developed, quadrate,
as long as wide, feebly convex, finely, rather closely perforato-punctate, with
an ill-defined impunctate line; base truncate and unimpressed toward the
middle, the angles rounded; tempora long, parallel, the eyes somewhat small
but prominent; antennze short, rather slender, feebly incrassate, the tenth
joint not quite as long as wide. Prothorax quite distinctly narrower than the
head, as long as wide, formed nearly as in cervinus ; punctures fine and close.
Elytra two-thirds longer than wide, scarcely twice as wide as the prothorax,
the sides parallel and broadly, evenly arcuate, the apex somewhat broadly and
transversely rounded; humeri rather widely exposed at basé; scutellar im-
pression feeble; omoplates subobsolete; punctures close, deep and rather
small. Abdomen somewhat shining, the legs moderate in length, slender.
Length 2.25 mm.; width 0.75 mm.

California (Los Angeles Co.).

A small species, represented by a single specimen of undeter-
mined sex, closely allied to cervinus, but differing in its more de-
pressed form, smaller size, rather smaller eyes, much shorter and
more slender antenne and finer, closer punctures of the anterior
parts of the body.

29. A. parallelus n. sp.—Subparallel and somewhat depressed, rather
dull, dark red-brown, the under surface throughout, legs and antenne rufo-
testaceous; head blackish; pubescence short, even, coarse, cinereous, dense and
conspicuous. Head subquadrate, about as long as wide, greatly narrowed be-
fore the rather small but prominent eyes, feebly convex, somewhat coarsely,

-Coleopterological Notices, VI. 711

densely punctate, without a distinct smooth line, broadly truncate and obso-
letely impressed at base, the angles rounded but rather distinct; tempora
parallel; antennze slender, feebly incrassate, nearly as long as the head and
prothorax, the tenth joint fully as long as wide. Prothorax but slightly nar-
rower than the head, about as long as wide, somewhat strongly rounded and
widest at apical fourth, the sides thence feebly convergent and just visibly

~arcuate to the extreme base, the margin flat and feebly defined; punctures

moderate in size, deep, perforate, very dense and cribrate. Elytra three-fourths
longer than wide, not quite twice as wide as the prothorax, the sides parallel,
evenly and distinctly arcuate; apex not broadly rounded; humeri well exposed
at base; omoplates subobsolete; punctures deep and very dense, moderately
large. Abdomen shining, finely deeply and closely punctate, the apices of the
segments finely impunctate. Legs moderate in length, the femora somewhat
stout. Length 3.0 mm.; width 0.85 mm.

New Mexico (Coolidge). Mr. Wickham.

The peculiar form of the prothorax, which in this and the two
succeeding species reminds us somewhat of Vacusus, will render
the identification of them comparatively easy. The present form
differs from ancilla in its much larger size, and in other characters
which will be noted below.

30. A. amcilla n. sp.—Somewhat convex, moderately stout, feebly
shining, black throughout, the legs rufo-piceous distally; antennz dark rufo-
testaceous throughout; pubesence somewhat short, plumbeo-cinereous, moder-
ately dense. Head slightly wider than long, densely and deeply but not very
coarsely perforato-punctate, the smooth line slightly visible anteriorly; base
broadly truncate, feebly impressed; angles distinct but rounded; tempora par-
allel; eyes rather small but prominent; antennze small, slender, shorter than
the head and prothorax, feebly incrassate, the tenth joint quadrate. Prothorax
slightly narrower than the head, as long as wide, convex, widest and rather
strongly rounded at apical fourth, the sides thence moderately convergent and
broadly arcuate to the basal margin; punctures fine but deep, perforate and
somewhat dense. Elytra two-thirds longer than wide, distinctly less than
twice as wide as the prothorax, parallel and feebly arcuate at the sides, the
apex broadly and obtusely rounded; humeri broadly rounded to the prothorax,
moderately exposed; disk decidedly convex, not coarsely but deeply, rather
closely punctate, the interspaces polished; omoplates scarcely visible. Abdomen
finely but deeply, rather closely punctate, not densely pubescent, the legs
somewhat short, the femora moderately stout. Length 2.5 mm.; width
0.7 mm.

Nevada (Elko). Mr. Wickham.

The sex of the type is not determined. Ancilla is an ally of
parallelus, but differs in its smaller size, more convex surface,
shorter antennz, smaller and less prominent eyes and black color.

712 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

31. A. Sodalis n. sp.—Broad and strongly depressed, rather shining, black
throughout, the femora piceous; tibize and tarsi pale testaceous; antennz pale
throughout, sometimes piceous distally; pubescence fine, short, even, plum-
beous and somewhat sparse. Head subquadrate, slightly transverse, broadly
truncate and medially impressed at base, the angles distinct but rounded;
tempora short but parallel, not as long as the eyes, the latter rather large and
prominent; surface polished, coarsely sparsely and somewhat unevenly punc-
tate, with a broad uneven and entire smooth line; antennee slender but rather
strongly incrassate, fully as long as the head and prothorax, the tenth joint
much longer than wide, second shorter than the third or fourth, the latter
equal and distinctly shorter than the fifth. Prothorax much narrower than
the head, as long as wide, moderately convex, widest and obtusely angulate
at apical fourth, the sides thence somewhat strongly convergent and straight
to the basal margin; apex broadly arcuate; collar rather long, roughly sculp-
tured, cylindrical, finely and feebly constricted at base; punctures strong but
somewhat fine, dense. lytra large, two-thirds longer than wide, fully twice
as wide as the prothorax, just visibly wider a little behind the middle than at
base; apex broadly, obtusely rounded; humeri very widely exposed; disk flat,
the post-scutellar impression wide and distinct; omoplates feeble; punctures.
strong but not coarse, well separated. Abdomen broad, feebly alutaceous and
reticulate, extremely minutely, closely punctate throughout, the pubescence
not at all conspicuous. Legs rather long and slender. Length 3.1-3.2 mm.;
width 1.0-1.2 mm.

Indiana.

A very distinct species, to be readily known by its broad de-
pressed form, peculiar outline of the prothorax, coarse cephalic
sculpture and other characters. It seems to lead quite naturally
to the peculiar group of spotted species which follows. The sex
of the two specimens before me is not determinable.

32. A. heroicus n. sp.—Rather stout and convex, polished, black
throughout, the antennz fuscous; legs testaceous, the femora darker; each
elytron with two large rufous spots, one suboval at basal fifth, the other more
rounded at apical fourth; pubescence rather long, even, semi-erect, coarse,
sparse but pale and conspicuous. Head nearly as long as wide, convex, broadly
arcuato-truncate and broadly, feebly, medially impressed at base, the angles
broadly rounded; eyes large, prominent, at a little less than their own length
from the base; punctures fine, deep, somewhat close-set, with a wide impunc-
tate line which is subobsolete toward base; antennze stout, incrassate, shorter
than the head and prothorax, the tenth joint scarcely as long as wide. Pro-
thorax quite distinctly narrower than the head, scarcely as long as wide,
rounded at the sides anteriorly, obtusely constricted at basal fourth, rather
coarsely, closely and strongly punctate. E£/ytra three-fourths longer than wide,
twice as wide as the prothorax, the sides parallel and feebly arcuate; apex not
very obtusely rounded; humeri widely exposed, becoming transverse near the

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 713

prothorax; post-scutellar impression wide and distinct; omoplates large and
very feeble; punctures moderately large, strong, separated by more than their
own widths. Abdomen dull, minutely, strongly and extremely densely punc-
tate. Legs rather long, stout. Length 4.0 mm.; width 1.3 mm.

Indiana.

This is a fine species, one of the largest of the genus, and is not
closely related to any other. The male has the fifth ventral feebly
truncate at apex and slightly flattened on the disk toward the
middle, the genital segment rather small, trapezoidal, with the
somewhat narrow apex emarginate in circular arc throughout, the
copulatory sheath stout, gradually narrowed to a blunt point,
straight in profile, and, in general structure, very simple, re-
sembling somewhat that of cervinus. Two specimens.

These quadrimaculate species form quite a distinct and natural
group by themselves, and have the four elytral spots remarkably
constant in form and size through long series. These spots are
evidently due to protective mimicry, possibly of some species of
Bembidion, and have therefore been gradually evolved by natural
selection; their constancy is easily accounted for in this way.

33. A. haldemani Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 100;
quadriguttatus || Hald.:1. ¢., Il, p. 304.

Scarcely stout, convex, polished, black, the legs, antenn and,
on each elytron, a large subtriangular spot at basal fourth and
another smaller and rounded at apical fourth, rufous ; pubescence
even, cinereous, very short, subdecumbent and not dense. Head
convex, wider than long, truncate and impressed at base, finely
but strongly, rather closely punctate, with an entire smooth line ;
eyes well developed; antenne rather stout, strongly incrassate.
Prothorax much narrower than the head, as long as wide, convex,
broadly rounded at the sides anteriorly, obtusely constricted at
basal fourth, finely but strongly, densely punctate. Elytra three-
fourths longer than wide, distinctly more than twice as wide as
the prothorax, closely, deeply and moderately coarsely punctate.
Length 2.7 mm.,; width 0.85 mm.

Pennsylvania. There is only a single specimen before me, but
I have failed to observe any variation in color, in allied species
which are represented by good series, similar to that reported of
this by LeConte, and think there must have been some confusion
of species.

714 Coleopterological Notices, VT.

34. A. Stellatus n. sp.—Somewhat stout and convex, shining, black, the
legs and antennze dark rufous, with the femora darker, each elytron with a
large pale spot in basal fifth and another smaller and rounded at apical fourth;
pubesence short, coarse, semi-erect, even, cinereous and rather dense, the hairs
of the head and, to some extent, of the pronotum arcuate and thickened at
apex. Head large, quadrate, convex, truncate and strongly, medially im-
pressed at base; angles rounded; tempora parallel, longer than the eyes, the
latter moderately developed and prominent; surface strongly, closely punctate,
the smooth medial line ill-defined toward base; antennz rather slender, nearly
as long as the head and prothorax, moderately incrassate, the tenth joint
somewhat wider than long. Prothorax scarcely more than three-fourths as
wide as the head, not longer than wide, broadly rounded at the sides an-
teriorly, sinuate at basal fourth, convex, finely but strongly, densely punc-
tate. Elytra large, two-thirds longer than wide, much more than twice as
wide as the prothorax, distinctly wider at a little behind the middle than at
base, broadly rounded behind, gradually dehiscent in apical fifth or sixth;
humeri moderately exposed; scutellar impression rather narrow and distinct;
omoplates subobsolete; punctures deep but not very large, separated by about
their own widths. Abdomen dull, minutely, closely punctate, also minutely
reticulate. Legssomewhatlong and slender. Length 3.2 mm.; width 1.1 mm.

Wyoming (Laramie).

The only species to be compared with this is the Californian
auriger, Which differs in its much less obese form and in its
smaller head, in addition to coloration.

30. A. auriger n. sp.—Not stout, rather convex, shining, black through-
out, the femora black; tibize and tarsi abruptly pale flavate; antennze dark
rufo-testaceous; each elytron with two rounded flavate spots, one slightly
larger at basal fifth, the other at apical fourth; pubescence short, semi-erect,
cinereous, moderately close, the hairs of the head and pronotum clavate and
recurved, those of the elytra simple. Head quadrate, fully as long as wide,
convex, truncate and medially impressed at base; angles distinct but broadly
rounded; tempora long, feebly convergent behind the eyes, the latter moder-
ately developed and prominent; punctures strong but not very large and rather
close-set, the smooth line obliterated toward base; antennze about as long as
the head and prothorax, somewhat thick and strongly incrassate, the tenth
joint not quite as long as wide. Prothorax much narrower than the head, as
long as wide, obtusely constricted at basal fourth, the sides broadly rounded
anteriorly, widest at apical fourth; collar well developed, finely but very
deeply constricted at base; punctures fine, deep and close. lytra three-fourths
longer than wide, twice as wide as the prothorax, the sides subparallel and
feebly arcuate; apex narrowly rounded; humeri broadly exposed at base; scu-
tellar impression feeble but distinct; omoplates large and feeble; punctures
deep, very close-set, moderately coarse, becoming very fine toward apex. Ab-
domen alutaceous, minutely, densely punctate, the legs rather long and slender;

coxe pale. Length 2.8-3.2 mm.; width 0.9-1.0 mm.

ee

ee ee ee eee erm

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 115

California (middle coast regions).

The male has the fifth ventral unmodified, the genital segment
small, short, pale and coriaceous, trapezoidal, with the apex feebly
emarginate throughout the width, the bottom of the emargination
broadly straight and transverse; the copulatory sheath is rather
less densely corneous than usual, dorsally it is gradually narrowed
to an obtuse and simple point, with the surface impressed along
the median line except near the apex, widely excavated along the
under surface, straight in profile but narrowed near the distal ex-
tremity above and beneath, the prolongation being feebly swollen
toward its rounded apex. This species occurred in large numbers
at Gilroy Springs, together with punctulatus, and there is no dis-
cernible variability.

36. A. SAUCLUS nD. sp.—Somewhat stout, convex and dull, black, the legs
and antenne throughout and, on each elytron, a large oval spot at basal fourth
and another, large but rounded, at apical fourth, rufous; pubescence rather
dense, cinereous, short, clavate and recurved everywhere on the upper surface
except toward the front of the head and narrowly along the elytral suture,
where the hairs become longer and simple. Head as long as wide, thick and
convex, truncate and medially impressed at base, the angles broadly rounded;
eyes large and prominent, the tempora scarcely as long and feebly convergent
behind them; disk finely but rather closely punctate, the smooth line not dis-
tinct toward base; antennz fully as long as the head and prothorax; strongly
incrassate, the tenth joint about as long as wide. Prothorax distinctly nar-
rower than the head, as long as wide, convex, obtusely constricted at basal
fourth, somewhat finely but deeply, densely punctate. E/ytra large, three-
fourths longer than wide, distinctly more than twice as wide as the prothorax,
broadly rounded behind, the sides parallel and feebly arcuate; humeri widely
and transversely exposed at base; omoplates subobsolete; punctures dense and
deep, moderately large. Abdomen alutaceous, minutely aud densely punctate.
Legs somewhat long and slender. Length 3.0 mm.; width 1.1 mm.

Towa (Keokuk).

The sexual characters of the male are simple, the copulatory
sheath being elongate, parallel, gradually narrowed in apical
third to a very obtusely rounded and simple point, the surface
unusually flat, perfectly straight and thin in profile, excavated
throughout its length beneath. A single male.

37. A. vulmeratus n. sp.—Subparallel,) strongly depressed, dull, black
or piceous-black; abdomen pale toward tip; legs throughout pale flavate; an-
tenn rufo-testaceous; each elytron with a large elongate-elliptical testaceous
spot at basal fourth, and another much smaller and rounded at apical fourth;
pubescence of the elytra short, even, dense, coarse but not clavate, of

716 Coleopterological Notices, V1.

the pronotum and basal parts of the head short and clavate. Head
rather large, moderately convex, fully as wide as long, finely but strongly,
densely punctate, with the smooth line uneven, truncate and with a deep
canaliculiform impression at base, the angles broadly rounded; tempora
slightly divergent and feebly arcuate to the eyes, the latter somewhat longer
than the tempora, large and prominent; antennz rather longer than the head
and prothorax, moderately incrassate, the tenth joint as long as wide. Pro-
thorax much narrower than the head, fully as long as wide, rounded at the
sides, obtusely constricted at basal fourth, moderately convex, strongly and
closely punctate. lytra two-thirds to three-fourths longer than wide in the
female and male respectively, slightly dilated behind the middle in the former,
subparallel in the latter and more obtusely rounded at apex; scutellar impres-
sion distinct; omoplates subobsolete; surface strongly, densely and moderately
coarsely punctate. Abdomen dull, densely and finely sculptured, smooth and
densely punctate near the base. Legs somewhat long and slender. Length
3.0-3.25 mm. ; width 0.9-1.05 mm.

Southern Arizona.

The male has quite distinct sexual characters, the apex of the
fifth ventral being broadly but strongly sinuate in circular arc.

The four specimens before me are perfectly constant in the
pattern of coloration.

38. A. Junctus n. sp.—Subparallel, rather depressed, slightly shining,
black, the prothorax frequently entirely or partially testaceous; legs pale, the
femora sometimes darker; antennze testaceous; elytra with a large pale area in
basal fourth to third, evidently formed by the union of two large spots, each ely-
tron also havinga rounded pale spot at apical fourth; pubescence short, nearly
as in vulneratus. Head somewhat large, moderately convex, shining, strongly,
closely punctate with the smooth line imperfect toward base, the latter trun-
cate, impressed at the middle, the angles rounded; eyes rather small, convex,
very much shorter than the tempora, the latter parallel, then gradually rounded
into the base; antennze fully as long as the head and prothorax, rather strongly
incrassate, the tenth joint about as long as wide. Prothorax much narrower
than the head, as long as wide, obtusely constricted at basal fourth, somewhat
strongly rounded and widest at apical fourth, finely but strongly, rather closely
punctate. Elytra two-thirds longer than wide, twice as wideas the prothorax,
slightly wider behind the middle than at base, the sides feebly arcuate; apex
rather broadly rounded; humeri broadly exposed; scutellar impression strong;
omoplates scarcely visible; disk somewhat depressed, densely, strongly and
rather coarsely punctate. Abdomen alutaceous, minutely, densely punctate,
the legs rather long and slender. Length 3.25-3.5 mm.; width 0.95-1.1 mm.

New Mexico (Las Vegas); Arizona.

The male has the fifth ventral much longer than the fourth,
rather broadly truncate at apex, the genital segment small, pale,
coriaceous, transversely and evenly convex, with an abrupt, deep

Coleopterological Notices, VI. (aid

and trapezoidal apical emargination more than twice as wide as
deep, the margins of which are narrowly thin, whitish and mem-
branous. In the female the fifth ventral is shorter, scarcely longer
than the fourth and broadly truncate at apex.

The six specimens in my cabinet show more tendency to vary
in color than in vulneratus, in one example the basal pale area
spreading feebly along the suture posteriorly, and the pronotum
varying from intense black to pale testaceous; the male sexual char-
acters and smaller eyes will distinguish it at once from vulneratus,
which is the only species which is at all similar.

39. A. decorellus n. sp.—Somewhat stout, moderately convex, dull,
piceous-black, the head and elytra blacker than the prothorax; legs pale
throughout; antennz fuscous, paler toward base; pubescence short, even,
coarse, dense, cinereous and conspicuous, clavate and recurved on the prono-
tum and basal parts of the head. Head large, truicate at base, with a deep
canaliculate median impression; basal angles broadly rounded; eyes large and
prominent, distinctly longer than the tempora, the latter feebly convergent
and arcuate behind them; disk not coarsely but strongly and densely punctate,
the smooth line imperfect; antennz rather slender and feebly incrassate, barely
as long as the head and prothorax, the tenth joint as long as wide. Prothorax
small, as long as wide, scarcely three-fourths as wide as the head, evenly con-
vex, parallel and broadly rounded anteriorly, widest near anterior third, ob-
tusely and angularly constricted somewhat before basal fourth; punctures
rather fine but deep and extremely dense. Elytra two-thirds longer than
wide, nearly two and one-half times as wide as the prothorax, the sides par-
allel, broadly, almost evenly arcuate, the apex not very broadly rounded;
humeri widely exposed; omoplates subohsolete, the scutellar impression rather
narrow and distinct; punctures somewhat fine, deep, very dense. Abdomen
finely, closely punctate, the legs somewhat long, slender. Length 3.2 mm.;
width 1.15 mm.

Texas.

The elytra have each a very large pale spot, extending from
near the extreme base to the middle, where it is united with an-
other large elongate-oval spot extending to apical eighth. The
single specimen is a female, separable at once from junctus by
the large eyes, and readily distinguishable from vulneratus, which
it more closely resembles, by the relatively smaller prothorax,
much denser punctuation throughout, and rather shorter and
broader elytra, in addition to the distinct ornamentation.

40. A. manus Lec.—<Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., N. Y., V, p. 156; Proc. Acad.,
Phila., 1852, p. 101.

Rather narrow, convex, shining, pale testaceous throughout

718 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

except the entire abdomen, which is black; elytra sometimes
feebly infuscate toward the middle; pubescence coarse, moderately
long and abundant. Head subquadrate, truncate but scarcely at
all impressed at base, the angles narrowly rounded; tempora
parallel, rather longer than the eyes which are moderate in size
and convexity; surface coarsely and unevenly punctate, the pune-
tures very sparse toward the broad smooth line, but closer and
with the interspaces reticulate toward the sides; antennz short,
slender, very feebly incrassate, scarcely as long as the head and
prothorax, the tenth joint a little wider than long. Prothorax
subequal in width to the head, short, scarcely as long as wide, the
sides feebly oblique and straight posteriorly; disk somewhat
finely but strongly, rather unevenly punctate, the punctures gen-
erally well separated. Elytra barely two-thirds longer than wide,
twice as wide as the protnorax, the sides parallel and evenly
arcuate; apex rather obtusely rounded ; humeri moderately ex-
posed at base, broadly rounded; disk somewhat convex and finely
but strongly punctate, the punctures close but distinctly separated.
Length 1.75 mm.; width 0.65 mm.

California (San Diego). This is one of the smallest species of
the genus.

41. A. Wagams n. sp.—Somewhat narrow, moderately convex, shining,
pale flavo-ferruginous throughout, the pubescence stiff, moderately long and
abundant, subdecumbent. Head subquadrate, feebly convex, truncate and
unimpressed at base, the angles rather broadly rounded; tempora parallel and
distinctly longer and nearly as prominent as the eyes, the latter moderate in
size and not very convex; punctures very coarse, sparse, scarcely closer and
with the interspaces highly polished toward the sides; antennz somewhat
slender, very gradually and feebly incrassate, distinctly shorter than the head
and prothorax, the tenth joint slightly transverse. Prothorax trapezoidal,
much narrower than the head, not quite as long as wide, widest and narrowly
rounded at apical fourth, the sides thence moderately convergent and straight
to the base; disk rather coarsely, deeply, evenly and densely punctate. Llytra
three-fourths longer than wide, fully twice as wide as the prothorax, the sides
parallel and broadly, feebly arcuate; apex moderately broadly rounded;
humeri well exposed and rounded; scutellar impression and omoplates com-
pletely obsolete; punctures deep and somewhat dense, not much larger than
those of the pronotum. Abdomen finely and rather sparsely punctate, scarcely
darker in color, the legs very slender, moderate in length. Length 1.9-2.2
mm.; width 0.6-0.7 mm.

Idaho (Coeur d’Alene); Montana; Wyoming (Laramie). Mr.
Wickham.

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 719

Some specimens have the abdomen, head and a feeble median
elytral fascia darker. The male sexual characters seem to be very
feeble, the fifth ventral unmodified, the genital segment short,
broad, pale and coriaceous, flat and broadly, feebly truncate at
apex. The large series before me displays but little variability,
and the species may be readily known from nanus by its larger
size and relatively much larger head.

42, A. peninsularis n. sp.—Moderately stout, convex, shining, pale
flavo-ferruginous throughout, the abdomen piceous; pubescence pale, moder-
ately long and abundant, subrecumbent. Head small, subquadrate, slightly
wider than long, transversely truncate and rectilinear at base throughout the
width, with a feeble median impression on the vertical base of the occiput;
angles right and narrowly rounded; eyes rather large, prominent, much longer
than the tempora, the latter parallel, less prominent and rectilinear; punc-
tures coarse, sparse, scarcely closer and with smooth interspaces laterally; an-
tenne as long as the head and prothorax, very feebly and gradually incrassate,
the tenth joint subquadrate. Prothorax rather large, fully as wide as the
head, not quite as long as wide, narrowly and subangularly rounded at apical
fifth, the sides thence oblique and straight to the base; apex broadly, evenly
arcuate, punctures strong and not very close-set. lytra two-thirds longer than
wide, not quite twice as wide as the prothorax, the sides parallel, sensibly and
almost evenly arcuate, the apex somewhat broadly rounded; humeri only
moderately exposed and broadly rounded; scutellar impression and omoplates
completely obsolete; punctures strong but not very coarse, close-set. Abdomen
finely, rather closely punctate and coarsely pubescent, the legs moderate in
length, slender. Length 1.8 mm.; width 0.7 mm.

Lower California.

The male has simple sexual characters, the fifth ventral being
unmodified, the genital segment short, coriaceous and subtrun-
cate at apex; only the tip of the copulatory sheath is exposed in
the type, but this is stout and rather rapidly narrowed to an ob-
tuse ogival or parabolic point, the under surface deeply excavated
throughout the width to the apex.

This species is closely allied to nanus, but differs abundantly in
its somewhat larger size, denser punctuation, much larger eyes,
more rectilinearly truncate head and relatively larger prothorax.

43. A. nympha n. sp.—Shining, pale flavo-ferruginous throughout, mod-
erately convex; pubescence of the head very sparse but long, coarse and dis-
tinct, of the pronotum shorter and more abundant, of the elytra suberect,
rather long, coarse and moderately dense. Head subquadrate, a little wider
than long, truncate at base, the angles right, somewhat narrowly rounded;
eyes rather large and convex, longer and more prominent than the tempora,

720 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

which are straight and parallel to the basal angles; punctures coarse, very
sparse, subrugose, with the usual broad impunctate line; antennz slender,
one-half longer than the head, quite distinctly incrassate toward apex, the
tenth joint much wider than long. Prothorax scarcely perceptibly narrower
than the head, distinctly wider than long, trapezoidal, very narrowly and sub-
prominently rounded at apical fourth or fifth, the sides thence oblique and
straight to the base; apex very broadly arcuate; disk finely, sparsely punctate.
Elytra unusually short, scarcely more than one-half longer than wide, twice
as wide as the prothorax, suboval, the sides parallel, evenly and rather
strongly arcuate; apex moderately obtuse; humeri broadly rounded to the pro-
thorax, moderately exposed at base; disk somewhat feebly convex, the post-
scutellar impression very small and feeble; omoplates obsolete; punctures fine
but strong, rather close-set. Abdomen minutely, obscurely punctate, more
distinctly and sparsely so toward base, the legs rather long, very slender.
Length 1.75 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

Texas (Columbus). Hubbard and Schwarz.

This exceedingly small and fragile species is evidently allied
rather closely to nanus and other species of this group, with pe-
culiarly coarsely and rugosely punctured head, but may be readily
known from any of them by the shorter and suboval elytra, and
more clavate antenne. It is represented in my cabinet by a
single male, having very feeble sexual characters.

44. A. obliquus n. sp.—Somewhat stout, the elytra slightly depressed,
shining, pale flavo-ferruginous throughout, the abdomen sometimes blackish;
pubescence rather short, even, sparse on the head, very dense on the prono-
tum and moderately dense on the elytra. Head subquadrate, slightly wider
than long, transversely truncate at base, very feebly impressed at the middle
of the basal wall; angles somewhat broadly rounded, the tempora gradually
becoming straight and parallel for a short distance behind the eyes, the latter
rather large and convex, longer and more prominent than the tempora; punc-
tures very coarse and sparse, the surface feebly reticulate especially toward the
sides; antennze barely as long as the head and prothorax, very feebly incras-
sate. Prothorax rather large, just visibly narrower than the head, not quite as
long as wide, somewhat narrowly rounded but not at all angulate at apical
fifth, the sides thence straight and oblique to the base, transversely arcuate at
apex; disk finely, deeply and very closely punctate. Elytra large, two-thirds
longer than wide, fully twice as wide as the prothorax; sides parallel, broadly
and feebly arcuate, rather obtusely rounded at apex; humeri widely and
transversely exposed at base; scutellar impression visible but broad and feeble;
omoplates obsolete; punctures rather fine but deep, moderately close-set.
Abdomen finely but not very closely punctate, the punctures rather strong to-
ward base; pubescence somewhat short and coarse, the legs moderately long,
very slender. Length 2.0-2.1 mm.; width 0.75-0.8 mm.

California (San Diego).

Coleopterological Notices, VI. T21

I took a single pair at the locality indicated ten years ago,and
place with these examples a specimen subsequently received from
Los Angeles Co., which agrees apparently in every particular,
but which is in rather bad condition. The male characters
are very simple, the fifth ventral being unmodified, the genital
segment trapezoidal, feebly convex and polished, with the apex
feebly arcuato-truncate and fringed with rather long, stiff and
porrect cilia.

Obliquus differs from both nanus and peninsularis in its larger
size, finer, denser punctures of the pronotum, and, especially, in
its much longer, wider and less convex elytra, with the humeri
more broadly and transversely exposed at base.

45, A. innocens n. sp.—Narrow, moderately convex, shining, pale flavo-
ferruginous throughout, except the abdomen, which is blackish; pubescence
rather coarse and close, but short, longer but very sparse, somewhat fine and
inconspicuous on the head. Head subquadrate, a little wider than long,
broadly, feebly arcuato-truncate at base, the angles distinctly rounded; eyes
rather large and convex, decidedly longer and more prominent than the tem-
pora, which are straight and parallel behind them for a short distance; punc-
tures coarse, sparse and rugose, the surface polished throughout; antenne
nearly as long as the head and prothorax, feebly and gradually thickened, the
tenth joint but slightly wider than long. Prothorax rather small, distinctly
narrower than the head, not quite as long as wide, trapezoidal, narrowly
rounded near the apex, the sides thence oblique and straight to the base;
apex broadly arcuate; disk somewhat finely but strongly, closely punctate.
Elytra two-thirds longer than wide, twice as wide as the prothorax, not very
broadly rounded behind, the sides parallel, broadly, feebly, almost evenly
arcuate; humeri rather widely and transversely exposed at base, rounded ex-
ternally; scutellar impression and omoplates obsolete; punctures fine but
strong and somewhat close-set; disk with a narrow and deep impression along
each side of the suture posteriorly, not attaining theapex. Abdomen minutely,
not densely punctate, the legs moderate in length, very slender. Length 1.85
mm.; width 0.65 mm.

Arizona (Peach Springs). Mr. Wickham.
A very small and delicate species, resembling nanus, but ditter-
ing in its larger eyes and relatively larger head.

46. A. imscitus n. sp.—Moderately narrow, convex, shining, black
throughout, the prothorax slightly rufescent; legs and antenn dark rufo-
testaceous; pubescence cinereous, moderately long and dense, subdecumbent and
distinct. Head subquadrate, slightly wider than long, rather convex, trans-
versely truncate and feebly, medially impressed at base; eyes somewhat large
and convex, slightly longer than the tempora, the latter perceptibly swollen
posteriorly and quite as prominent as the eyes; disk polished, coarsely, rather

722 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

sparsely punctate, with the usual impunctate line wide toward the front; an-
tennze not as long as the head and prothorax, rather slender, gradually and
scarcely perceptibly incrassate, the tenth joint but slightly wider than long.
Prothorax very slightly narrower than the head, about as long as wide, nar-
rowly rounded but not at all angulate at apical fourth, the sides thence ob-
lique and straight to the base; apex broadly arcuate; disk convex, not coarsely
but deeply, very closely punctate. Elytra large and long, three-fourths longer
than wide, fully twice as wide as the prothorax, semi-circularly rounded be-
hind, very slightly wider behind the middle than at base; humeri broadly and
transversely exposed at base; post-scutellar impression broad and feeble, the
omoplates obsolete; punctures close, deep and moderately large. Abdomen
somewhat strongly shining, minutely, closely punctate, finely pubescent, the
legs moderate in length and very slender. Length 2.1-2.2 mm.; width
0.7-0.75 mm.

California (near San Francisco and in Humboldt Co.); Nevada
(Reno).

Evidently allied to nanus, but much larger, with distinct
cephalic structure, denser sculpture, longer elytra and different
coloration. I have seen only a single female from each of the
three localities.

At each side of the front, near the point of antennal insertion,
there is a small pale impunctate spot of doubtful significance, but
possibly a point where the condyle of the basal joint thins ont
the upper surface; it is, however, at a considerable distance from
the antennal foramen, and does not appear to be connected in
any way with that organ.

47. A. amoenus n. sp.—Moderately stout, somewhat shining, piceo-
testaceous, the head and abdomen frequently darker; elytra generally with a
broad and nubilate median fascia; pubescence of the head long but sparse and
inconspicuous, of the pronotum shorter, decumbent, pale cinereous, dense
and distinet, of the elytra similar but less dense. Head rather small, slightly
wider than long, transversely truncate but scarcely at all impressed at base,
the angles broadly rounded; eyes moderate, not very convex and not quite as
long as the tempora, the latter parallel and feebly arcuate, gradually curving
into the base; punctures coarse, deep and only moderately sparse, the wide
median smooth line somewhat irregular; antennze not quite as long as the
head and prothorax, feebly incrassate, the tenth joint subquadrate. Prothorax
very slightly narrower than the head, about as long as wide, rather narrowly
but not angularly rounded at apical fourth, the sides thence oblique and straight
to the base; disk somewhat finely but deeply and densely punctate. Elytra
three-fourths longer than wide, twice as wide as the prothorax, circularly
rounded at apex, the sides parallel and feebly arcuate; humeri widely and
transversely exposed at base, rounded externally; scutellar impression very
broad and feeble, the omoplates obsolete; punctures rather fine and close-set.

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 123

Abdomen somewhat sparsely punctate toward base, the legs very slender.
Length 1.9-2.2 mm.; width 0.65-0.7 mm.

California (Lake Co.).

The large series in my cabinet shows that this is a species dif-
fering from nanus in its larger size, much denser sculpture and
deeper color, and, from inscitus, in its smaller eyes, longer and
parallel tempora, denser cephalic punctures and less convex
elytra. I have before me a single specimen from Alameda Co.,
which is much stouter than any of those from the above locality
(2.4 by 0.85 mm.), with dense abdominal punctures, and a cloud
on each elytron not extending to the suture; it probably repre-
sents a closely allied species.

48. A. obscurellus Lec.—Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., N. Y., V, p. 155; Proce.
Acad., Phila., 1852, p. 101.

Narrow, convex, shining, dark red-brown, the elytra frequently
picescent and the under surface of the hind body black; pubes-
cence moderately short, coarse and dense. Head distinctly
wider than long, convex, finely, rather closely punctate, with a
narrow smooth line, truncate at base, the angles rounded; tem-
pora jong and parallel; eyes very small but prominent ; antennz
somewhat stout, feebly incrassate, not quite as long as the head
and prothorax. Prothorax convex, about as wide as the head, as
long as wide, broadly rounded anteriorly, the sides gradually
convergent, becoming less arcuate to a feeble subbasal constric-
tion; punctures fine and deep, but not very close-set. Elytra
elongate, suboval, convex, three-fourths longer than wide, quite
distinctly less than twice as wide as the prothorax; humeri
rather narrowly exposed and rounded; punctures small but strong
and close-set. Abdomen finely and sparsely punctate, alutaceous,
polished at base. Legs rufo-testaceous, slender. Length 1.8 mm.;
width 0.6 mm.

California (San José and San Francisco) and Oregon (The Dal-
les). This isa very small and rather remarkable species, which is
probably more nearly related to cervinus than to those with which
it is here associated. The fifth ventral of the male is unmodified ;
the genital segment is large, coriaceous, very broadly arcuate
throughout its width, not impressed; the copulatory sheath
Seems to terminate in a slender parallel-sided shaft which is
abruptly and transversely enlarged at tip but scarcely barbed.

ANNALS N. Y. AcAD. Scr., VIII, Nov., 1895.—49

T24 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

49. A. militaris n. sp.—Moderately narrow, the elytra rather de-
pressed, shining, black, the legs, antennz and a large humeral spot on each
elytron rufo-testaceous; pubescence somewhat coarse, cinereous, moderately
short and sparse. Head rather large, quadrate, as long as wide, truncate at
base, the angles rounded; eyes small but prominent, the tempora long and
parallel behind them; punctures somewhat small but strong, close-set, the
median impunctate line uneven, obliterated toward base; antennze moderate
in length, rather distinctly incrassate, the tenth joint wider than long. Pro-
thorax very much narrower than the head, somewhat longer than wide, convex,
narrowly rounded but not at all angulate at apical fourth, the sides thence
oblique and subsinuate to the basal margin; punctures fine but strong, mod-
erately dense. Elytra barely two-thirds longer than wide, twice as wide as the
prothorax, obtusely subtruncate at apex, the sides parallel and feebly arcuate;
humeri widely and transversely exposed at base; scutellar impression and
omoplates subobsolete; punctures rather small but deep and somewhat dense,
very minute toward apex. Abdomen finely, sparsely punctate, the legs slen-
der, with the femora darker and more rufous than the tibiz and tarsi. Length
2.2 mm.; width 0.7 mm.

California (Tahichipi Pass). Mr. Wickham.

The single specimen appears to be a female. This species is
quite isolated and cannot be compared with any other known to
me.

50. A. bellulus Lec.—Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., N. Y., V, p. 156; Proc.
Acad., Phila., 1852, p. 101.

Moderately stout and convex, alutaceous, pale rufo-testaceous,
the entire under side of the hind body, a broad median fascia on
the elytra and another narrow and frequently obsolete at the
apex, connected at the sides with the median fascia, black, the
basal margin of the elytra rarely blackish, and the head darker
than the prothorax; pubescence very short, even, moderately
dense. Head convex, quadrate, the eyes small. Prothorax small,
distinctly narrower than the head, not as long as wide, rounded
anteriorly, the sides thence oblique and broadly sinuate to the
basal margin; punctures very fine and dense. Elytra two-thirds
longer than wide, distinctly more than twice as wide as the pro-
thorax, obtusely subtruncate at apex; humeri widely exposed at
base; punctures fine, deep and dense. Length 1.8-1.9 mm.;
width 0.65-0.7 mm.

California (Lake Co. and San Diego), Nevada (Reno), Ari-
zona (Riverside) and Texas (San Antonio). A very widely dis-
tributed species, easily known by its small size, very short and
even pubescence, and sharply defined fascia of black, which is,

Coleopterological Notices, VI. T25

however, sometimes almost obsolete. The copulatory sheath
seems to have a simple obtusely ogival point.

51. A. helvinus n. sp.—Rather narrow, subparallel and depressed, dull,
pale ochreo-flavate throughout above and beneath ; pubescence even, suberect,
very short, coarse, dense, the hairs strongly and posteriorly arcuate. Head
large, quadrate, as long as wide, truncate and unimpressed at base, the angles
rather broadly rounded; eyes moderately small and convex, about three-
fourths as long as the tempora, the latter parallel and very feebly arcuate;
disk somewhat finely but strongly, very densely punctate, the narrow im-
punctate line obliterated toward base; antennze about as long as the head and
prothorax, feebly incrassate, the tenth joint wider than long. Prothorax
rather small and very feebly convex, much narrower than the head, not quite
as long as wide, narrowly rounded but not angulate near the extreme apex,
the sides oblique and very feebly sinuate thence to the base, the basal margin
narrow and feebly defined; punctures somewhat small but deep and extremely
dense, the interspaces dull and reticulate. Elytra three-fourths longer than wide,
fully twice as wide as the prothorax, obtusely rounded behind; sides parallel
and very feebly arcuate; humeri rather widely exposed at base, the scutellar
impression and omoplates subobsolete; disk depressed, very deeply and densely
punctate, the punctures moderately large. Abdomen finely and indistinctly
punctate, alutaceous, the legs very slender. Length 2.2 mm.; width 0.7 mm.

California (Lake Co.).

The single female represents a very distinct species, which may
be known by its depressed and subparallel form, dull lustre, ex-
tremely dense and not very fine punctuation,and unusually short,
peculiarly recurved pubescence.

52. A. lutulentus n. sp.—Moderately narrow, somewhat strongly con-
vex, shining, pale ochreo-flavate throughout above and beneath; pubescence
moderately long, coarse, subdecumbent, even, not very dense. Head sub-
quadrate, as long as wide, arcuato-truncate at base, the angles rather broadly
rounded; eyes somewhat large and prominent, about as long as the tempora,
the latter subparallel behind them for a short distance; disk finely, somewhat
sparsely punctate, with a narrow but apparently entire impunctate line; an-
tennz about as long as the head and prothorax, feebly incrassate, the tenth
joint rather wider than long. Prothorax quite distinctly narrower than the
head, almost as long as wide, rather narrowly rounded at apical fourth, the
sides thence oblique and nearly straight to the base, the margin just visibly
dilated laterally; apex broadly, somewhat strongly arcuate; punctures fine
but deep, well separated. Elytra two-thirds longer than wide, fully twice as
wide as the prothorax, not broadly, circularly rounded at apex, the sides
parallel and feebly arcuate; humeri not very widely exposed, rounded; scu-
tellar impression and omoplates obsolete; punctures small but deep and
close-set. Legs moderate in length, rather slender. Length 2.0-2.3 mm.;
width 0.65-0.75 mm.

726 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

Texas (Austin and Waco).

With the typical forms of this species, I have placed numerous
aberrant or varietal forms from New Mexico, Iowa and Montana;
some of them are larger and stouter with longer pubescence;
others have a large piceous cloud on the elytra. There certainly
seem to be some closely allied but distinct species involved, which
can only be successfully studied with larger series from numerous
localities.

53. A. agilis n. sp.—Moderately narrow and convex, polished, black
throughout, the legs dark piceo-rufous; antennz paler rufo-testaceous; pubes-
cence long, coarse, cinereous, somewhat dense and very conspicuous, subde-
cumbent. Head subquadrate, as long as wide, broadly, very feebly arcuato-
truncate, the angles moderately rounded; eyes somewhat small, not very
convex, much shorter than the tempora; disk strongly and very closely punc-
tate, the narrow impunctate line almost obliterated toward base; antennz
only one-half longer than the head, quite distinctly incrassate, the tenth joint
slightly transverse. Prothorax rather large, subequal in width to the head,
very nearly as long as wide, narrowly rounded at apical fourth or fifth, the
sides oblique and straight thence to a very feeble and obtuse subbasal con-
striction; apex transversely truncate, rounded laterally; disk strongly and
very densely punctate. E/ytra elongate, fully three-fourths longer than wide,
twice as wide as the prothorax, moderately obtuse at apex; sides parallel and
feebly arcuate; humeri broadly rounded to the prothorax; scutellar impression
and omoplates obsolete; punctures rather small but deep, well separated.
Abdomen polished, finely and closely but distinctly punctured throughout, the
legs somewhat long and slender. Length 2.4 mm.; width 0.8 mm.

Wyoming (Green River). Mr. Wickham.

Allied somewhat closely to herifuga, but differing in its larger
size, more elongate elytra, wider prothorax which is more nar-
rowly rounded at a point much nearer the apex, more transversely
truncate head and several other features.

54. A. herifuga n. sp.—Not stout, somewhat depressed, polished, black,
the prothorax slightly paler, especially toward base; legs and antennz pale
piceo-testaceous; pubescence long, subdecumbent, cinereous, coarse, rather
abundant and very conspicuous. Head somewhat small, subquadrate, fully as
long as wide, the base broadly and distinctly arcuate, the angles obvious but
broadly rounded ; eyes rather small and not very prominent, much shorter
than the tempora, the latter parallel behind them for some distance, gradually
curving into the base; disk strongly, very closely punctate; antennz almost
as long as the head and prothorax, the outer four joints distinctly though
gradually enlarged, the tenth slightly transverse. Prothorax small, distinctly
narrower than the head, not as long as wide, rather broadly rounded at apical
fourth, the sides thence oblique and straight to the basal margin which is

Coleopterological Notices, VI. T27

slightly dilated and thickened laterally; apex broadly arcuate; punctures
strong and very close-set, the interspaces polished. /ytra short, scarcely two-
thirds longer than wide, broadly rounded at apex, the sides parallel and very
feebly arcuate; humeri somewhat widely and transversely exposed at base;
seutellar impression very feeble, the omoplates obsolete; disk densely and
deeply but only moderately coarsely punctate. Abdomen polished, finely,
closely punctate, the legs very slender. Length 2.0 mm.; width 0.7 mm.

°

California

This small and inconspicuous species is sufliciently differen-
tiated from the preceding by its short elytra, small and more
rounded prothorax, and other characters as heretofore stated. I
have placed with the California type, taken by Mr. Wickham, two
pale specimens, one with nubilate elytra taken in the southern
part of the State by Mr. Dunn, also a specimen taken at Poca-
tello, Idaho, by Mr. Wickham, which has the pubescence still
longer and more shaggy, and finally a larger blackish specimen
from New Mexico.

The species in this particular part of the series are so closely
allied and apparently so indefinite, that I can only select at pres-
ent a few of the more obviously distinct ones for description as
landmarks ; much more extensive material will be required to
enable the future reviewer to fully differentiate them.

55. A. mundus n. sp.—Moderately narrow and convex, shining, rufo-
testaceous, the entire under surface of the hind body black; elytra black, with
two large humeral areas meeting near the scutellum, and two oblique oval
apical spots meeting on the suture at apex, of pale rufo-testaceous; pubescence
rather long, coarse, cinereous and conspicuous. Head subquadrate, convex,
somewhat wider than long, minutely and not densely punctured, with a nar-
row impunctate line, broadly arcuate at base; eyes moderate in size but promi-
nent, not as long as the tempora, the latter nearly straight and perceptibly
convergent from the eyes to the basal angles, which are obtuse but only nar-
rowly rounded; antenne slighly shorter than the head and prothorax, very
feebly incrassate, joints eight to ten, abruptly much shorter than the preceding,
equal in length, the tenth not as long as wide. Prothorax small, distinctly
narrower than the head, not as long as wide, narrowly rounded at apical
fourth, the sides thence oblique and straight to the basal margin ; disk rather
finely but deeply, not very closely punctate. lytra two-thirds longer than
wide, twice as wide as the prothorax, the sides parallel and feebly arcuate;
apex not broadly rounded; humeri widely and transversely exposed at base;
post-seutellar impression somewhat narrow and distinct; omoplates obsolete;
disk strongly but not coarsely, rather densely punctured. Abdomen polished,
finely punctate, the legs very slender. Length 2.1 mm.; width 0.75 mm.

Wyoming (Laramie). Mr. Wickham.

728 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

The type is quite distinct in coloration, the oval oblique pale
spots at the elytral apex being well defined. This maculation
probably becomes gradually obsolete, however, in a large series.

56. A. melancholicus Laf.—Mon., p. 174; latebrans Lec.: Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 101; spretus Lec.: 1. c.; facilis Csy.: Cont. Col. N.
A., II, p. 190.

A very small and convex, suboval species, varying in color from
black to dark brownish-testaceous, easily recognizable by its
small and convex eyes, which are at a great distance from the
base, the small prothorax, narrowly suboval elytra, with the
humeri only moderately exposed and somewhat rounded at base.
Length 1.75-1.85 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

This species, which has been carefully described by LaFerté, is
widespread in distribution, the series in my cabinet being from
Kansas, Lake Superior, North Carolina and Pennsylvania; it is
recorded by LeConte also from Boston, Mass. There can be no
doubt whatever of the synonymy proposed above.

57. A.ictericus Laf.—Mon., p. 149.

Somewhat narrowly convex, pale ochreo-flavate and moderately
shining throughout; pubescence moderately long, subdecumbent,
coarse and not dense. Head wider than long, broadly, trans-
versely truncate at base; eyes very small, extremely convex and
prominent, the tempora swollen, rounded, much larger than the
eyes and fully as prominent; punctures fine, rather close-set ;
antenne not as long as the head and prothorax, stouter toward
apex, especially the last three joints. Prothorax not quite
as wide as the head, wider than long, prominent and subangulate
laterally near the apex, the sides thence strongly oblique and
feebly sinuate to the base; apex broadly, circularly arcuate ; punc-
tures fine, deep and rather dense. Elytra not more than two-
thirds longer than wide, very nearly twice as wide as the
prothorax, circularly rounded at apex, the humeri moderately
exposed at base; sides parallel, feebly but distinetly arcuate;
punctures rather fine but strong, close-set. Abdomen shining,
punctulate, the legs slender. Length 1.7 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

Florida. The male sexual characters are somewhat feeble; the
copulatory sheath is very broadly and circularly rounded at apex,
longitudinally impressed along the middle dorsally, and broadly
excavated beneath. LaFerté’s measurements appear to be care-

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 729

fully made, and are a decided aid in identification; otherwise his
description of this species is very superficial.

There is another Florida example before me, agreeing nearly
with ictericus, but having the eyes larger and less convex, the
prothorax relatively larger and the elytra more elongate.

58. A. convexulus n. sp.—Stout, suboval, convex, moderately shining,
pale ochreo-testaceous throughout; pubescence rather abundant, somewhat
long, coarse, subdecumbent and conspicuous. Head transverse, broadly,
rectilinearly truncate at base; eyes moderately large and convex, the tempora
slightly swollen, rounded, subequal in length and prominence to the eyes;
punctures fine, somewhat sparse, with a narrow smooth line; antennze one-
half longer than the head, feebly incrassate, the last three joints especially
stouter. Prothorax large, convex, much wider than long, as wide as the head,
prominent and obtusely subangulate laterally near the apex, the sides thence
strongly oblique and feebly sinuate to the base; apex broadly and circularly
rounded; punctures fine but strong, close-set. Elytra scarcely more than one-
half longer than wide, three-fourths wider than the prothorax, evenly but
rather broadly rounded at apex, the humeri somewhat narrowly exposed and
rounded at base; sides parallel, evenly and distinctly arcuate; scutellar impres-
sion and omoplates completely obsolete. Abdomen shining, feebly punctate,
the legs rather short, moderately slender. Length 1.9 mm; width 0.7 mm.

South Carolina.

This species is evidently closely allied to ictericus, but is some-
what larger and noticeably stouter, with relatively shorter and
more oval elytra, larger and broader prothorax, and larger though
less prominent eyes.

59. A. maritimus Lec.—Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., N. Y., V, p. 156; Proc.
Acad., Phila., 1852, p. 102.

Stout, convex,suboval, minutely reticulate and dull, pale ochreo-
flavate ; abdomen picescent; elytra blackish, with the base, suture
and apex paler, varying to pale throughout; pubescence short,
cinereous, subdecumbent, rather coarse, abundant and distinct.
Head subquadrate, wider than long, transversely truncate and
medially impressed at base; eyes moderately large but not very
prominent, as long as the tempora and equally prominent,
the tempora broadly rounded from the eyes into the base; disk
finely, densely punctate, with a narrow smooth line; antennee
slender, very feebly incrassate, one-half longer than the head,
the tenth joint transverse. Prothorax somewhat wider than
the head, rather longer than wide, convex, widest and broadly
rounded near apical third, the sides thence moderately oblique

730 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

and straight to a feeble ante-basal constriction; punctures
fine and rather close-set. Elytra about one-half longer than
wide, not quite twice as wide as the prothorax, evenly and not
broadly rounded behind, the outline evenly elliptical, without
trace of exposed humeri, apparently subconnate, the wings prob-
ably rudimentary ; disk convex, without trace of scutellar impres-
sion or omoplates, finely, moderately closely punctured. Ab-
domen finely pubescent, alutaceous. Legs moderate in length
and decidedly stout. Mesosternum of normal structure. Length
2.3 mm.; width 095 mm.

California (San Diego). One of the most aberrant species of
Anthicus, because of the perfectly oval elytra without trace of
humeral angles; it is quite local in habitat.

This is possibly the species erroneously identified by Dr. Horn
in his recent catalogue of the Coleoptera of Lower California
(Proc. Cal, Acad. Sci., 2, IV, p. 355), as tctericus Laf., the mari-
timus Lec. of Horn probably being any one of the larger species
with triangular head, here referred to the genus Amblyderus of
LaFerté. These last bear only a feeble superficial resemblance
to the true maritimus, and cannot be associated with it systemati-
cally. It is almost needless to add that there is no resemblance
whatever between maritimus and ictericus, which latter does not
occur near the Pacific coast, and the same remark applies to A.
sturmt Laf. (elegans), which, as far as known, inhabits the austral
regions of the Alleghany Mountains only. The Notoxus monodon,
of Dr. Horn’s list, is constrictus Csy.*

NOTES.

Anthicus lecontei Chmp., from the Pacific coast of Guatemala,
is said by the author to occur also in Arizona, but I have not
been able to recognize it. From the description and figure it
would seem to be most nearly allied to sfellatus and saucius, from
the northern parts of the United States.

A. squamosus Laf., is said by Mr. Champion to be a Mexican
Species, and, as the type of A. /ugubris came from the same source
and cannot be identified among our species, it seems best to re-

*It may be stated further that the Trichobaris trinotata Say, of this list (1. ¢.,
p- 358), is either compacta or mucorea—species which are widely different from
trinotata.

Coleopterological Notices, VI. (ap

gard it also as Mexican; these two species might therefore be
appropriately stricken from our lists.

A. impressipennis Laf., is evidently not an Anthicus, but will
constitute a genus perhaps allied to that including the Mexican
dromedarius, but the comparatively simple prothorax, impressed
inflated elytra and glabrous integuments form a singular combina-
tion, which prevents us from assigning it any definite position.

A. exilis Laf., is another very peculiar species, which cannot be
retained in Anthicus, and which is likewise undeterminable in its
affinities.

A, pallidus Say, remains unknown.

A. politus Say, is more probably a xylophilide than an Anthi-
cus, but is completely indeterminate and may be a Tachys_ or
some chrysomelide.

A. cesiosignatus Boh., is said to be from ‘‘ Puna ” Island, Cal.,
and differs completely in type from anything known in the United
States. Puna Island is off the coast of Ecuador, and it would
be perfectly safe to omit this species from our catalogues in the
future.

A. troglodytes Boh., likewise differs altogether in type from any
known North American species and should be omitted; it is said
to occur at San Francisco and in “ Taiti.”

A. amplicollis Boh., said to occur at San Francisco, differs com-
pletely in type, as in the two preceding cases, and is evidently
not North American; it should also be omitted.

A. nitidus Boh., seems to be allied to nitédulus Lec., but can-
not be identified with any of our species, than which it is much
smaller (1. 24 mm.; w. 2? mm.); San Francisco. A. atomarius
Boh., does not appear to differ from nitidus (1. 2.0 mm.; w. $ mm.);
San Francisco. As these two species have a North American
habitus, they might be retained in the lists until their identity can
be determined.

Mr. Champion very kindly sent me, some years ago, a number
of typical representatives of species described or quoted by him
in the Biologia Centrali-Americana, and upon these it seems de-
sirable to remark as follows :—

A. asphaltinus, punctipennis and occidentalis Chmp., are members of the
genus Lappus, but constitute one or two distinct groups, because of marked
peculiarities in occipital structure.

A. teapensis Chmp., belongs to the genus Sapintus, and has the character-

132 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

istic vestiture, three-jointed antennal club and other structures fully devel-
oped.

A. exiguus Chmp., seems to lie between the nanus and ictericus groups of
true Anthicus, but is altogether distinct from any of our numerous small
species.

A. dromedarius Laf., will form the type of a distinct and still unnamed
genus, allied to Malporus, but with a far greater extension of the mesosternum
and complete absence of long erect tactile sete.

A. spinicollis Laf., is also the type of a distinct genus, named Acanthinus
by LaFerté (Mon., p. 136), and characterized by a great lateral extension of
the mesosternum and subseriate elytral punctures; the genus extends into
southern Texas.

SAPINTUS n. gen.

While it is true that the species separated from Anthicus un-
der this name appear to possess no very radical structural modi-
fication, there are so many minor points of divergence, and the
species are so evidently homogeneous among themselves, that I
have no doubt of the necessity for the division, especially as
these differences are accompanied by a marked peculiarity of
general habitus.

The body is stouter than in Anthicus, with relatively much
longer elytra and smaller prothorax; the elytral epipleure are
wider, the first joint of the hind tarsi is longer, and the corre-
sponding tibial spurs are shorter and much more slender, some-
times apparently almost obsolete. The vestiture is quite differ-
ent, consisting of two distinct sets of hairs, besides the erect
tactile sete, the longer and more erect hairs arising from the
coarse punctures, the shorter and generally more decumbent
pubescence from minute punctules scattered over the interspaces.
Finally, the antennz terminate invariably in an abrupt, though
feeble, three-jointed club. In fact Sapintus appears to constitute
a true genus, and can in no wise be regarded as a subgenus of
Anthicus; it is confined geographically to the United States east
of the Rocky Mountains, extending well into Mexico, and is rep-
resented in the arid Sonoran province by one peculiar species ;
it does not occur at all in the true Pacific coast fauna.

The species can be distinguished among themselves as follows:

Eyes large and rather strongly convex, the body usually stouter.
Body black or brownish-black.
Legs blackish.

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 733

Head more strongly and closely punctate, densely and coarsely pubes-
cent; short hairs of the elytra very coarse, pale in color and con-
SDI CM OUS| semcrmeiteteereee css «ws css sas o-4 scoqanasuas meses 1. pubescens

Head very feebly and sparsely punctate, sparsely and finely pubes-
cent; short hairs of the elytra fine and darker in color...2. rusticus

Legs fulvous; body smaller and narrowet................cc00000 3. fulvipes
Body pale in color.
Pronotum less minutely and very densely punctate, dull.
Elytra larger and much broader, always very much more than twice
as wide as the prothorax.
Elytra longer, castaneous, the longer pubescence fine and inclined,

not hispid; punctures moderately coarse............... 4. colonus
Elytra pale testaceous, the suture sometimes feebly blackish; longer
pubescence coarse, suberect and hispid............ 5. hispidulus

Elytra much narrower, scarcely visibly more than twice as wide as

the prothorax, pale testaceous, with the suture blackish; pubes-

CENCE NOU MISMO setseee teers e-one +25 Sones aca eosenesteeeeeses 6. pusillus

Pronotum extremely minutely and sparsely punctate, polished; erect

hairs of the elytra unusually long and bristling; body very stout and

COWMVENG so caa- en eeetenternncos oust ee sock rilacsccccocteesseeaarctes: 7. corticalis

Eyes small, very convex and prominent; body less stout, pale in coloration.
Head broadly arcuato-truncate at base; anterior and intermediate tibice
bent in the male.

Pronotum feebly and narrowly margined at base; elytra strongly im-
pressed at each side of the suture near apical fourth in the male.

8. festinans

Pronotum broadly and strongly margined at base; elytra not at all sub-

apicallyimpressed| tm tHhevmMale.cs...ccccsecsesseeescssscrecececeases 9. mollis
Head rectilinearly truncate at base, the tibize not modified in the male; ves-
titure short, very coarse and recurved...............-ssesesessees 10. timidus

The species may prove to be numerous, especially in the States
bordering the Gulf of Mexico.

1. 8S. pubescens Laf.—Mon., p. 177; Lec.: Proce. Acad., Phila., 1852,
p. 102 (Anthicus).

Stout, prothorax dull, head and elytra shining, black, the elytra
with a slightly brownish tinge; legs black, the cox and tarsi
paler; abdomen dark rufo-piceous; antennz pale toward base ;
pubescence short, dense and coarse on the anterior parts, the erect
hairs of the elytra rather long, dark and fine, the shorter pubes-
cence coarse, pale and conspicuous. Head convex, finely punc-
tate, truncate at hase, the eyes large and convex. Prothorax
wider than long, slightly narrower than the head, convex, densely
punctate, widest and narrowly rounded between apical third and

734 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

fourth, the sides thence strongly oblique and nearly straight for
a short distance to the basal margin, which is tumid at the sides,
becoming gradually narrower to the middle of the dorsal surface;
collar short, not constricted, but separated from the pronotum
by a fine deep line. Elytra very large, three-fourths longer than
wide, fully two and one-half times as wide as the prothorax, par-
allel and feebly arcuate at the sides, the apex circularly rounded;
humeri very widely exposed at base; post-scutellar impression
distinct, the omoplates feeble; punctures very coarse and deep,
well separated, becoming finer toward apex. Abdomen densely
pubescent. Legs moderately short, somewhat stout, the femora
not in the least clavate. Length 2.6—2.9 mm.; width 0.95-1.15 mm.

Rhode Island, New York and Iowa (lowa City and Independ-
ence). The paler coloration assigned by LaFerté is probably
due to immaturity, as this is without much doubt the species de-
scribed by that author, and is one of the largest of the genus.
The male sexual characters are pronounced, the anterior cox
being posteriorly spinose, the anterior tibiz slightly bent inward
toward apex and densely clothed with short stiff hairs, the fifth
ventral with a short, broadly rounded and abruptly porrect lobe
at apex which is finely and transversely impressed at its base,
the genital segment coriaceous and broadly sinuate, and the cop-
ulatory spicule short, slender, with an elongate and feebly dilated,
evenly and acutely lanceolate tip.

2.8. rusticus n. sp.—Moderately stout and convex, shining, the pronotum
dull, black; abdomen not paler; legs and antennz towards base slightly pices-
cent; pubescence short and fine, abundant but rather dark in color, the longer
hairs of the elytra inclined and not very conspicuous. Head convex, much wider
than long, truncate and very feebly, medially impressed at base; temporal
angles broadly rounded to the eyes, the latter rather large and somewhat
prominent, very coarsely faceted as usual; antenne not quite as long as the
head and prothorax, somewhat slender, the joints obconical, bristling as usual
with long erect sete in addition to the short pubescence, club feeble, the ninth
joint much longer than wide and longer than the tenth which is not wider than
long and obconical, eleventh rather short, only slightly longer than the tenth,
pointed. Prothorax quite distinctly narrower than the head, almost as long
as wide, convex, parallel and rounded at the sides in apical half, then con-
vergent and sinuate to the base which is broad and margined; collar short and
very broad, not constricted; punctures moderately fine, strong and very dense
throughout. Elytra long, fully four-fifths longer than wide, but little more
than twice as wide as the prothorax, parallel and arcuate at the sides, becoming
straight in basal fifth; apex circularly and not very broadly rounded; humeri

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 735

broadly exposed and rounded to the prothorax; post-scutellar impression
distinct, the intra-humeral subobsolete; omoplates large and very feeble;
punctures sparse and only moderately coarse. Abdomen dull, very densely
clothed with short fine and dark pubescence. Legs moderately long and some-
what stout. Length 2.75 mm.; width 0.9-1.0 mm.

Towa (Keokuk).

The description is taken from the male, which has very feeble
sexual characters in striking contrast to the preceding species.
The anterior legs and trochanters are normal, the fifth ventral
much longer than the fourth, unmodified on the disk, the apex
feebly truncate and with a finely but strongly beaded edge, the
genital segment dark and subcorneous, perfectly even on the disk,
with the apex broadly and evenly truncate. The female differs
from the male considerably in general form, the prothorax being
smaller, shorter and more narrowly rounded at the sides ante-
riorly, the elytra relatively much broader, more strongly arcuate at
the sides and nearly two and one-half times as wide as the pro-
thorax. The single pair represents a species allied in general
characters to pubescens.

3. S. fullwipes Laf.—Mon., p. 177; Lec.: Proc. Acad., Phila., 1852, p. 102
( Anthicus).

Moderately stout, convex, polished, the pronotum dull, black
to brownish-black, the head, prothorax and under surface fre-
quently dark piceo-rufous ; antennz and legs throughout pale
rufo-testaceous ; apices of the abdominal segments clouded with
blackish ; pubescence rather short, abundant, pale and conspicu-
ous, the longer hairs of the elytra inclined and not very notice-
able. Head transverse, very minutely and sparsely punctate, the
eyes large and prominent. Prothorax much narrower than the
head, not quite as long as wide, strongly rounded at the sides
anteriorly, narrowed and sinuate thence to the base, which is dis-
tinctly margined ; disk finely but strongly, very densely punctate.
Elytra barely three-fourths longer than wide, distinctly more than
twice as wide as the prothorax, wider behind the middle than at
base, the sides arcuate; punctures sparse and coarse. Abdomen
pubescent; metasternum almost impunctate. Length 2.25-2.5
mm.; width 0.8—0.9 mm.

Texas and Louisiana,—Cab. LeConte. I obtained a good series
of this species at Galveston. The male, from which the above
outline is drawn, has the anterior trochanters and tibiz unmodi-

736 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

fied, the fifth ventral broadly rounded or subtruncate and even at
apex, with the edge finely beaded, the genital segment feebly
sinuato-truncate, the copulatory sheath long, flat, gradually tap-
ering to an acute point, moderately arcuate downward to near the
apex, then feebly turned upward in a slight sigmoid curve, the
efferent duct slender, much shorter than the superior corneous
spicule, flattened and lanceolate at apex, and apparently with the
opening on its upper surface.

4. §. colonus n. sp.—Rather stout and convex, shining, the pronotum
duller, pale castaneous, the head, prothorax and antennz paler and more
rufous, the latter slightly infuscate at apex; entire under surface and legs pale
flavo-testaceous; pubescence somewhat short and abundant, the longer hairs
of the elytra inclined and only moderately distinct. Head transverse, con-
vex, truncate but scarcely at all impressed at base, the temporal angles
broadly rounded to the eyes, which are large and prominent; punctures min-
ute and sparse; antennz short, slender, the club thick, rather compact and
darker. Prothorax much narrower than the head, not quite as long as wide,
somewhat broadly rounded at the sides in apical half, deeply sinuate thence
to the expanded and strongly margined base, which is about as wide as the
disk; punctures fine but strong, unequal in size and only moderately densely
crowded. E£lytra fully three-fourths longer than wide, much more than twice
as wide as the prothorax, parallel and much rounded at the sides except
toward base, the apex rather narrowly and subparabolically rounded; humeri
moderately exposed and rounded to the prothorax; disk strongly impressed
behind the scutellum, the omoplates feeble; punctures moderately coarse and
sparse. Abdomen minutely, densely punctate, the interspaces polished;
pubescence dense but fine and not very conspicuous. Legs short, the femora
moderately stout. Length 2.5 mm.; width 0.9 mm.

Delaware.

The single specimen before me is of undeterminable sex ; the
fifth ventral has a rounded and very shallow, sparsely punctate
median area, but the segment is short, only slightly longer than
the fourth, and there are no other essentialiy male characters,
although there seems to be a coriaceous genital segment visible
by glancing under the tip of the fifth. This species is allied to
fulvipes, but differs in its paler color, larger size, closer and Jess
coarse elytral punctuation and denser vestiture ; the elytra are a
little longer.

5. S. hispidulus n. sp.—Stout, convex, shining, the pronotum dull, pale
rufo-testaceous throughout, the antennal club and elytral suture frequently
infuscate; pubescence rather long and erect, abundant, pale, bristling and

Coleopterological Notices, V1. 137

conspicuous on the elytra. Head transverse, convex, broadly, feebly arcuato-
truncate at base but not impressed; temporal angles broadly rounded to the
eyes, which are large and very prominent; punctures fine and feeble, sparse;
antenne about as long as the head and prothorax, slender, the club
moderately thick. Prothorax small, scarcely three-fourths as wide as the head,
not quite as long as wide, narrowly rounded at the sides anteriorly, thence
parallel and distinctly sinuate to the basal margin, which is distinct and as
wide as the disk; collar short, parallel, moderate in width; disk convex,
strongly and densely punctate, the punctures polygonally crowded. Elytra
two-thirds longer than wide, fully two and one-half times as wide as the pro-
thorax, parallel and feebly arcuate at the sides, the apex broadly and semi-
circularly rounded; humeri rather broadly exposed and rounded to the pro-
thorax; post-scutellar impression broad and feeble, the omoplates almost obso-
lete; punctures coarse, deep and sparse. Abdomen minutely and somewhat
sparsely punctate, polished, clothed with rather long and coarse pubescence.
Legs rather short and stout. Length 2.25-2.5 mm., width 0.8-0.9 mm.

Texas (Austin).

The description is drawn from the female, but the male scarcely
differs in general form, except that the elytra are less dilated
behind.

The male has the anterior and intermediate trochanters acutely
angulate and prominent posteriorly, but scarcely spinose, the
corresponding tibiz unmodified, the fifth ventral short, scarcely
visibly longer than the fourth, broadly rounded or subtruncate,
with a finely beaded edge at apex but unmodified on the disk,
the genital segment subcorneous, flat, smooth, transversely and
widely truncate at apex, the edge provided with a few widely
spaced short stiff setae, the copulatory sheath moderate in length,
flat, straight in profile, the sides subparallel or just visibly con-
vergent and straight from the base nearly to the apex, where it
is abruptly narrowed and produced in a slender acute point; on
the upper surface it is obtusely and strongly carinate along the
median line, the carina continuing along the narrowed apical
spicule to the extreme apex; the efferent duct is shorter than the
upper and penetrative organ, and both together project from a
short basal sheath in the nature of a second genital or psuedo-
segment. Four specimens.

6. S. pusillus Laf.—Mon., p. 178 (Anthicus).

Rather narrow, convex, shining, the pronotum and abdomen
dull, pale rufo-testaceous, the antennal club and elytral suture
blackish; pubescence pale, short and moderately dense, coarse,

738 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

the longer hairs of the elytra inclined but coarse and distinct.
Head finely but rather closely punctate, the eyes large and con-
vex. Prothorax narrower than the head, of the usual form but
with the base distinctly narrower than, the maximum width, the
punctures of different sizes, rounded, dense but not polygonally
crowded. Elytra three-fourths longer than wide, only very
slightly more than twice as wide as the prothorax, parallel and
slightly rounded at the sides, evenly and not very broadly round-
ed at apex; humeri not very widely rounded to the prothorax ;
omoplates feeble ; punctures moderately coarse and sparse. <Ab-
domen finely and densely punctate. Legs somewhat short and
stout. Length 2.2 mm.; width 0.75 mm.

Florida and Louisiana ( New Orleans,—LaFerté). The single
specimen in my cabinet seems to be a male, judging by the ex-
posed pygidium; it has the anterior coxe angulate behind and
the corresponding tibiz not bent but densely clothed with short
stiff setee within toward apex, the intermediate trochanters and
tibiz not modified, the fifth ventral long, evenly and almost semi-
circularly rounded, unmodified on the disk and about three-fourths
longer than the fourth. This form of the fifth segment is very
different from that of Azspidulus, and in fact throughout the
present genus the species, which generally resemble each other
very strongly or adhere to a common type of structure, differ
strikingly among themselves in the secondary sexual modifica-
tions of the male.

There are several points in the original description of puszllus,
which give rise to grave doubts concerning the identity of the
present species. For example, the phrase “les yeux trés-peu
saillants,” will not accord with this form, nor with any other of
the genus known to me; also “corselet....rétréci faiblement
et progressivement depuis les pommettes, qui sont peu saillantes,
jusque’a la base, qui ne parait nullement marginée;” finally
“elytres....presque trois fois aussi larges que le corselet et
plus de deux fois aussi longues que larges....en oval tres-allongé
postérieurement.” The length and width are given as 2.0 and 0.6
mm., respectively ; that is, if these measures are correct, the in-
sect is proportionally much more slender than any other of this
part of the genus, and yet the elytra are nearly three times as
wide as the prothorax. Either the description is grossly inexact,
or the insect of LaFerté is a very remarkable species, quite dif-

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 739

ferent from any known to me.* My only reason for adhering
provisionally to the present identification, is that my single
representative is a male; in the female the prothorax is sometimes
proportionally distinctly smaller than in the male.

7. §. corticalis Lec.—Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., N. Y., V, p. 154; Proce.
Acad., Phila., 1852, p. 102 (Anthicus).

Very stout,convex, polished throughout, dark brown in color;
legs and antenne paler, the latter infuscate at apex; pubes-
cence fine and not very dense, the longer hairs of the elytra un-
usually long, suberect and bristling. Head transverse, convex,
truncate, unimpressed, minutely and sparsely punctulate, the
eyes large and prominent; antenne a little longer than the head
and prothorax, rather thick at apex. Prothorax distinctly nar-
rower than the head, almost as long as wide, minutely and re-
motely punctate; sides prominent and rounded anteriorly, sinuate
in basal two-thirds, the base margined and almost as wide as the
disk. Elytra stout, two-thirds to scarcely more than one-half
longer than wide, distinctly more than twice as wide as the pro-
thorax in the male, two and one-half times in the female, very ob-
tusely but evenly rounded at apex, coarsely and sparsely but some-
what feebly punctate. Length 2.25-2.8 mm.; width 0.8-1.15 mm.

California (Yuma). This species is quite distinct from any
other in its highly polished, very minutely and remotely punctate
pronotum and obese form. The male has the anterior trochanters
prolonged behind in a very long spiniform process, the interme-

“diate in a shorter and more lamelliform process, with both the
corresponding tibiz bent inwardly toward apex The fifth ven-
tral unmodified, moderate in length and parabolically rounded be-
hind throughout, the copulatory sheath slender, gradually tapering
to a fine point, flat, not modified dorsally, excavated beneath and
slightly turned upward near its middle when viewed in profile.
I obtained three specimens at the locality indicated.

8. S. festimans n.sp.—Moderately stout, convex, shining, the head and
pronotum alutaceous, pale brownish-testaceous, the elytral suture and anten-
nal apex slightly infuscate; pubescence pale and coarse, not very dense, mod-
erate in length, the longer hairs of the elytra coarse and inclined. Head
transverse, convex, finely and feebly but densely punctate, except toward base,

*Tt seems probable that in the case of this species and fulvipes, the author
has mistaken the subbasal marginal line for the true base of the prothorax.

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., VIII, Nov., 1895.—50

740 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

where the sculpture becomes obsolete; base broadly arcuato-truncate, the angles
rounded, the tempora long, becoming straight and parallel to the eyes, which
are small, very convex and prominent; antennz about as long as the head and
prothorax, slender, the three outey joints thicker. Prothorax convex, quite
distinctly narrower than the head, not quite as long as wide, rather broadly
rounded at apical third, the sides thence convergent and feebly sinuate to the
base, which is narrowly margined and much narrower than the disk; punctures
fine and very dense. /ytra three-fourths longer than wide, but slightly more
than twice as wide as the prothorax; sides parallel and arcuate; apex obtusely
rounded; humeri moderately exposed at base, rounded; scutellar impression
obsolete, the omoplates very feeble; punctures somewhat coarse and sparse.
Abdomen alutaceous, finely, densely punctate, pubescent, blackish with the
apex pale. Legs slender, the femora somewhat stout. Length 2.0-2.5 mm.;
width 0.65-0.8 mm.

Colorado (Greeley); Iowa.

The four specimens before me vary greatly in size as is usual
in this genus, and the description is drawn from the male, this sex
having the anterior tibiz very strongly arcuate and pubescent
within, the intermediate more apically and less strongly arcuate,
the anterior trochanters feebly and obtusely prominent behind,
the intermediate unmodified, the fifth ventral moderate in length
and evenly rounded behind, unmodified or only slightly flattened
on the disk. ‘The female has the prothorax smaller, and the elytra
shorter and relatively broader, and, in one specimen, completely
infuscate except toward the humeri and sides before the middle.

9. S. mollis n. sp.—Slightly stout, convex, pale brownish-testaceous
throughout, the antennze blackish at apex, the elytral suture not darker, shin-
ing, the head, pronotum and abdomen alutaceous ; pubescence not dense,
rather short and coarse, the coarser hairs of the elytra inclined. Head slightly
transverse, finely, very densely punctate, with a narrow impunctate line
except toward base, where the punctures become feeble; basal angles some-
what narrowly rounded; tempora long, parallel and feebly arcuate; eyes
small, very convex and prominent; antennz rather longer than the head and
prothorax, slender, the club abrupt and distinct. Prothorax small, much nar-
rower than the head, not quite as long as wide, evenly and circularly
rounded anteriorly, the sides thence convergent and sinuate to the base which
is very widely and strongly margined, slightly dilated at the sides and dis-
tinctly narrower than the disk; surface finely, densely punctate. Elytra
three-fourths longer than wide, distinctly more than twice as wide as the pro-
thorax, parallel and broadly arcuate at the sides, evenly and not very
broadly rounded at apex; humeri obtuse and moderately exposed; post-scu-
tellar impression distinct at each side of the suture; omoplates large, very
feeble; punctures moderately coarse and sparse. Abdomen minutely and
densely punctured, the legs rather short and stout. Length 2.2 mm.; width
0.75 mm.

Coleopterological Notices, VI. T41

Michigan.

This species, which is represented by a single male, is closely
allied to festinans, but differs in its smaller prothorax which is
much more broadly margined at base, in its feebler and closer
elytral punctures and in the sexual characters. The anterior and
intermediate femora are distinctly arcuate toward apex, but the
trochanters are unmodified, the fifth ventral moderate in length,
rounded or feebly subtruncate at apex and unmodified on the
disk. The elytra completely lack the strong and conspicuous
subapical impressions near the suture which characterize the male
of festinans.

10. S. timidus n. sp.—Slightly stout, convex, shining and rufo-testa-
ceous throughout; pubescence of the head and pronotum very short, stiff,
strongly arcuate and not dense, intermingled on the latter with some long
tactile setze, on the elytra short, stiff and strongly arcuate, longer, straight and
finer near the suture, the short hairs extremely minute but very coarse, the
vestiture not dense and pale throughout. Head transverse, conyex, not dis-
tinctly punctate, rectilinearly truncate and unimpressed at base, the angles
broadly rounded, the tempora becoming parallel just behind the eyes which
are rather small, convex and prominent, situated at much more than their
own length from the base; antennz somewhat longer than the head and _ pro-
thorax, slender, the three outer joints broader but not in the least darker in
color. Prothorax rather large, convex, only slightly narrower than the head,
not quite as long as wide, broadly rounded and widest just before the middle,
the sides becoming strongly convergent and feebly sinuate toward base, the
latter strongly margined and not more than three-fourths as wide as the disk;
punctures fine and well separated, dense in the middle toward base. Llytra
scarcely more than two-thirds longer than wide, not distinctly more than
twice as wide as the prothorax, the sides parallel and very feebly arcuate,
rather narrowly rounded behind in apical third; humeri rounded, widely ex-
posed at base; scutellar impression and omoplates obsolete; punctures rather
small but deep, only moderately sparse. Abdomen somewhat shining, obso-
letely punctulate. Legs moderate in length, somewhat slender. Length 2.1
mm.; width 0.7 mm.

Florida.

The single male represents a species widely different from any
other here described in its peculiar vestiture and subglobular pro-
thorax. The legs and trochanters are not perceptibly modified,
but the fifth ventral has a peculiar discal excavation; the pos-
terior edge of the segment is quite evenly rounded, but thick
and deep vertically, and the large rounded impunctate pit at the
middle of the disk thins out the vertical posterior edge into a flat

742 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

translucent plate. The genital segment is moderate in size,
smooth, polished, even and pale in color, with the apex trans-
versely truncate. The other organs are not visible in the type.

AMBLYDERUS Lat.

The American species referred to this genus apparently differ
in no essential particular from the North African types of La-
Ferté, the tubercles along the crest of the subapical declivity of
the pronotum being however always inconspicuous. Amblyderus
is without doubt a perfectly valid genus, and will prove to be a
tolerably large one in the colder parts of the eastern United
States and in the true Pacific coast faunal region, where its mem-
bers constitute one of the most characteristic elements of the sea-
beach population.

The eight species here deemed worthy of description may he
recognized as follows :—

Species of the Pacific Coast; elongate-oval, very convex, densely clothed with
short coarse decumbent pubescence; tubercles and punctures of the prono-
tum indiscriminately intermingled and apparently mutually indepen-
dent.

Larger species, not under 3 mm. in length.

Elytra black, rarely dark brown, the head and prothorax paler..1. obesus
Elytra and entire body pale luteous-white, the integuments translucent;
elytra shorter and more attenuate near the apex........... 2. albicans

Smaller species, always distinctly less than 3 mm. in length.

Stouter, the head very small, scarcely more than two-thirds as wide as

GE WPLOH OT AR vec sc gee eceesececeses saan eeeeeemeeceecmeeacne 3. Parviceps
Rather slender, the head relatively larger, about five-sixths as wide as the
PLOCHOLAK 5-2 oy sages oocoenaedede deste aee sensi ves tenseoreeeet eee 4. gracilentus

Species of the Great Lakes and Atlantic Coast; tubercles of the pronotum
situated each immediately before a setigerous puncture, the punctures and
tubercles evidently mutually connected.

Antenne shorter, stouter and submoniliform except toward base; vestiture
rather sparse and somewhat readily removable.
Elytral punctures rather small, sparse and not very strong but abruptly

GEMMED/..ciaidoccecacaccctew occas or eeeee tt sue wetocs ommiane semiea 5. granularis
Elytral punctures coarse, much closer and impressed; elytra shorter; pro-
thorax Much More GranSVeMsese-ceeesesee sees eeeses deseteeels 6. punctiger

Antenne long and slender, gradually and more or less feebly stouter to-
ward apex; vestiture finer and closer; body more oval and convex, the
integuments pale.

Elytra two-thirds longer than wide. Lake Superior.......... 7. pallens
Elytra much shorter and more opaque, scarcely one-half longer than
wide: “AblanblelCOastee cen scsccereaesemeccecteasneesmene taser 8. arenarius

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 743

Obesus, granularis and pallens are typical of three distinct
sections of the genus, and the old world species will add several
others.

1. A. obesus n. sp.—Stout, very convex, dull, the elytra alutaceous, rufo-
testaceous, the elytra, metasternum and abdomen black, varying to brown;
pubescence short, coarse, cinereous, recumbent, rather dense and conspicuous,
devoid of erect sete. Head triangular, slightly wider than long, rather de-
pressed, the base transversely truncate or even very feebly sinuato-truncate
but not distinctly impressed; tempora narrowly rounded, very prominent;
eyes large, convex, at about three-fourths of their own length from the base;
disk finely and closely tuberculose, with a wide smooth median line toward
apex; antenne scarcely one-half longer than the head, somewhat. slender,
moderately incrassate, the tenth joint slightly wider than long, eleventh only
slightly longer than the tenth, rounded, obtusely pointed. Prothorax trans-
versely trapezoidal, distinctly wider than the head, widest and more strongly
rounded near the apex, the sides thence convergent and broadly, evenly areu-
ate to the basal margin which is distinct and cylindrical for a short distance to
the base; apex transversely and very feebly arcuate, nearly one-half wider than
the base; disk finely, closely tuberculose, also minutely punctate, abruptly
declivous and very feebly concave toward the middle anteriorly, the summit
of the declivity not more strongly tuberculose; median line slightly impressed.
Llytra suboval, very convex, scarcely more than one-half longer than wide, a
little more than one-third wider than the prothorax, the sides subparallel,
evenly and strongly arcuate; apex somewhat narrowly subtruncate; sides
toward base evenly rounded almost to the prothorax, the base broadly sinuate,
the basal parts of the humeri very narrow and strongly rounded; disk finely,
closely punctate, without impressions or omoplates. Abdomen dull, strongly
reticulate, finely but strongly, densely punctate. Legs as in Anthicus, mod-
erately long, thick. Length 3.1-3.8 mm.; width 1.25-1.4 mm.

California (San Francisco).

The male has the anterior tibix thick and strongly, inwardly
arcuate toward apex, the fifth ventral rounded behind and un-
modified, the genital segment large, corneous, black, truncate at
apex and transversely, unequally impressed throughout the width ;
the copulatory spicule is broad and stout, but rather abruptly
narrowed near the apex and prolonged in a slender straight pro-
cess which is very strongly compressed and vertically laminiform,
the apex slightly swollen vertically and obtuse in profile.

This is one of the largest, and, with the exception of Tanar-
thrus salinus, probably the bulkiest species of the tribe in North
America. I have taken it in large numbers on the sandy sea-
beaches near the city.

744 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

2. A. albicams n. sp.—Stout and convex, alutaceous, pale luteous-
white to pale brownish throughout ; pubescence rather dense, moderately long
and coarse, decumbent, cinereousand even. Head triangular, as long as wide,
truncate and broadly, medially impressed at base, the tempora very promi-
nent and narrowly rounded ; eyes moderately large, at less than their own
length from the base ; disk shining but covered somewhat closely with a mixt-
ure of small punctures and minute tubercles, which become very feeble ante-
riorly ; smooth median line gradually narrower posteriorly, scarcely extend-
ing to the base ; antennz scarcely one-half longer than the head, slender, fee-
bly inerassate, the penultimate joint rather wider than long. Prothorax
transversely trapezoidal, widest and more narrowly rounded near the apex, dis-
tinetly wider than the head and throughout nearly as in obesus, except that the
punctures are fine and strong and the intermingled tubercles generally smaller
and sparser. Elytra not quite one-half longer than wide, nearly one-half
wider than the prothorax, oval, slightly attenuate behind, the apex not very
broadly subtruncate ; sides strongly arcuate, more rounded at the humeri, the
latter very narrowly exposed at base ; punctures rather fine but strong and
close-set. Abdomen finely but strongly punctate, the punctures distinctly
separated ; pubescence coarse, the legs stout. Length 3.0-3.2 mm.; width
1.25 mm.

California ( sea-beaches of Los Angeles Co.). Mr. Wickham.

The male has sexual characters of the same type as in obesus,
except that the genital segment is pale in color and more coria-
ceous; the copulatory sheath is not protruded in any of the types.

This species is allied to obesus, but differs in its more feeble
sculpture of the head and pronotum, in its shorter and more
rounded elytra, smaller size, and very pale coloration, the integu-
ments being diaphanous. In both this and the preceding species
the elytra have each a short canaliculation along the suture near
posterior third, which is common to both sexes. Four specimens.

A female before me seems to represent a distinct species allied
to the above; it is entirely pale, with the sutural bead blackish
and the elytra longer, with the punctures larger, stronger and
more impressed. This specimen has a deep fovea-like impression
behind the left hind coxa, of which there is no trace on the right
side, but is not deformed in any other way.

3. A. parviceps n. sp.—Moderately stout, very convex, feebly shining,
dark rufo-testaceous, the under parts of the hind body and the elytra in great
part suffused with blackish; pubescence moderate in length, coarse, somewhat
dense, recumbent, cinereous and distinct, without trace of erect setee. Head
very small, triangular, about as iong as wide, feebly convex, closely covered
with fine punctures and small tubercles, the smooth median line wide ante-
riorly, becoming narrow toward base but entire; eyes moderataly large and

—_—————— ="

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 745

convex, at scarcely more than their own length from the base; tempora very
prominent, rounded; base transverse, the subvertical basal wall feebly im-
pressed toward the middle; antennze nearly as long as the head and prothorax,
moderately incrassate. Prothorax transversely trapezoidal, at least one-third
wider than the head; sides convergent and arcuate from near the apex to the
basal margin; apex transverse, feebly arcuate, nearly one-half wider than the
base; surface closely covered with small punctures and tubercles, the median
line impressed toward apex. Elytra elongate-oval, two-thirds longer than
wide, two-fifths wider than the prothorax; sides evenly arcuate; base broadly
sinuate, the apex equally broadly subtruncate; humeri narrowly exposed at
base; disk evenly convex, finely, not very closely punctate, without further
modification, except the subsutural impressions at apical third which are fee-
ble. Abdomen dull, densely reticulate, finely punctate, rather sparsely and
coarsely pubescent. Legs somewhat long and not noticeably stout. Length
2.6-2.8 mm.; width 1.0 mm.

California (southern ). Mr. H. C. Fall.

The apical declivous surface of the pronotum is distinctly and
transversely concave, but its upper crest is not more strongly
tuberculose. The male has the anterior tibize bent, the fifth ven-
tral feebly sinuato-truncate at apex but otherwise unmodified, the
genital segment moderate in size, pale, truncate, and transversely
and unequally impressed, the copulatory spicule with the tip ab-
ruptly narrowed and produced in a short slender acute point,
which is subeylindrical and not noticeably compressed.

With the two males which I received from Mr. Fall, I have as-
sociated a single male from Alameda Co., which does not seem to
differ specifically.

4, A. gracilentus n. sp.—Rather narrow but strongly convex, some-
what shining, pale rufo-testaceous, except the abdomen and elytra, which are
slaty-black ; pubescence recumbent, coarse and dense as usual. Head triangu-
lar, rather longer than wide, feebly convex, coarsely and not densely tubereu-
lose, with some intermingled and very minute punctures, the smooth median
line entire, very wide anteriorly ; eyes rather large, moderately prominent,
situated at scarcely three-fourths of their length from the base ; tempora ob-
tusely angulate, but only slightly more prominent than the eyes ; base trans-
versely truncate, feebly concave toward the middle of the basal wall; antennze
somewhat slender, feebly incrassate, two-thirds longer than the head. Pro-
thorax rather small, moderately convex, only slightly wider than long, dis-
tinctly wider than the head, the sides convergent and strongly arcuate from
near the apex to the basal margin, thence parallel for a short distance to the
base; apex transversely arcuate; disk strongly tuberculose and with fine punc-
tures, the median line feebly impressed, more strongly so toward apex, the
apical declivity pronounced and with the tubercles along its crest slightly
stronger. Elytra suboval, evenly convex, scarcely more than one-half longer

746 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

than wide, fully two-thirds wider than the prothorax, rather attenuate be-
hind; base broadly sinuate, the apex much more narrowly subtruncate; sides
evenly arcuate; humeri distinctly exposed at base; punctures fine and dense.
Abdomen alutaceous, minutely punctate, finely pubescent. Legs moderate in
length, somewhat stout. Length 2.4 mm.; width 0.8 mm.

California (near San Francisco).

The narrower form, still smaller size and relatively larger head
will readily distinguish this species from the preceding. In the
male the anterior tibiz are bent toward apex, the fifth ventral
feebly sinuato-truncate at apex but not otherwise modified, the
genital sezment thin, broad, truncate at apex, strongly and trans-
versely impressed, the surface bent downward toward apex
throughout; the copulatory spicule is abruptly narrowed near the
apex and produced in a short slender process, which is gradually
bent upward and not compressed ; the efferent duct beneath the
spicule is broad, flat, transversely truncate at tip, bent first down-
ward then upward and projects in the type specimen far beyond
the corneous spicule.

5. A. granularis Lec.—Agass. ‘“‘ Lake Superior,’’ p. 231; Proc. Acad.,
Phila., 1852, p. 103 (Anthicus).

Elongate, subparallel, moderately stout and convex, shining,
dark rufo-testaceous, the under surface of the hind body black ;
elytra paler and more flavate, with a broad median black fascia
which sometimes covers almost the entire disk ; pubescence coarse
and decumbent but rather short and sparse. Head triangular,
wider than long, truncate, coarsely and not densely tuberculose,
the fine punctures each near a tubercle; median smooth line nar-
row and irregular; eyes moderately large; antennz slender, the
outer joints submoniliform, three-fourths longer than the head.
Prothorax transversely trapezoidal, just visibly wider than the
head, the sides convergent and feebly arcuate from near the trans-
versely arcuate apex to the basal margin, thence parallel to the
base; disk broadly impressed along the median line, coarsely tu-
berculate, the fine punctures each near the posterior extremity of
a tubercle. Elytra oblong, two-thirds longer than wide, one-half
wider than the prothorax, semi-circularly rounded behind, paral-
lel and feebly arcuate at the sides; humeri widely exposed at
base; disk with a feeble intra-humeral and more distinct post-
scutellar impression, the omoplates slightly visible; punctures
small and rather sparse. Abdomen shining, finely sparsely and

Coleopterological Notices, VI. TAT

unevenly punctate. Legs rather long and slender. Length 3.0
mm.; width 1.1 mm.

Lake Superior,—Cab. LeConte. The male has the anterior
tibiz feebly bent but not much thickened; the female scarcely
differs in form.

6. A. punctiger n. sp.—Stout and convex, shining, pale rufo-testaceous,
the under surface of the hind body only slightly picescent; elytra more flavate,
each with a small feebly defined median spot of piceous tint; pubescence very
short, coarse, decumbent, cinereous and rather sparse, the prosternum and
under surface of the head with a few very long erect sete. Head triangular,
wider than long, shining but coarsely, sparsely tuberculose and minutely
punctate, the smooth median line nearly even, distinct and entire; base trun-
cate; tempora very prominent and angulate; eyes rather large, at much less
than their own length from the base; antennze rather short, about one-half
longer than the head, moderately stout, submoniliform except toward the
base, the tenth joint transverse, eleventh at least one-half longer than the
tenth, conoidal. Prothorax short and strongly transverse, just visibly wider
than the head, the sides parallel and evenly, subcircularly rounded to just
before the middle, then becoming very strongly convergent to the basal mar-
gin at basal sixth or seventh, then parallel to the base; apex transversely
evenly and feebly arcuate; disk coarsely, rather closely tuberculose, impressed
along the median line except toward base. L/ytra oblong-oval, scarcely more
than one-half longer than wide, the sides evenly and distinctly arcuate; base
sinuate for the thoracic base; the apex not very broadly, obtusely rounded;
humeri widely exposed at base; disk with the basal impressions and omoplates
subobsolete, the punctures coarse, widely impressed, deep and moderately
separated. Abdomen finely and somewhat irregularly punctate. Legs moder-
ately long and slender, the femora distinctly, subasperately punctate. Length
2.9 mm.; width 1.1 mm.

Lake Superior.

The single female before me represents a species rather closely
allied to granularis, but differing conspicuously in the more
broadly rounded sides of the prothorax anteriorly, in its shorter,
more oval and rounded, more posteriorly attenuate and much
more coarsely and closely punctate elytra, somewhat shorter an-
tenn, coloration and in a number of other characters.

7. A. pallens Lec.—Agass. ‘‘ Lake Superior,’’ p. 231; Proc. Acad.,
Phila., 1852, p. 103 ( Anthicus).

Stout and convex, rather dull, pale flavo-testaceous throughout ;
pubescence short, coarse, decumbent and not very dense. Head
triangular, fully as long as wide, finely, sparsely tuberculose,
with an even and entire smooth median line; base truncate, dis-

748 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

tinctly impressed in the middle; tempora prominent; eyes some-
what large, at much less than their own length from the base;
antennz very slender, just visibly incrassate, almost as long as
the head and prothorax, the tenth joint longer than wide. Pro-
thorax scarcely visibly wider than the head, trapezoidal, minutely,
sparsely tuberculose, widest at apical fourth. Elytra convex,
oval, two-thirds longer than wide, one-half wider than the pro-
thorax, the sides evenly arcuate; humeri somewhat widely ex-
posed at base; disk finely and not densely punctate, the basal
impressions and omoplates extremely feeble. Legs moderately
long and slender. Length 2.6-2.8 mm.; width 0.95 mm.

Lake Superior,—Cab. LeConte; Wisconsin ( Bayfield) ,—Mr.
Wickham. The anterior tibiz of the male bristle within with
stiff erect setze; they are swollen within toward the middle and
slightly bent toward apex ; the fifth ventral is feebly subtruncate
at apex,the genital segment truncate, with the surface deeply and
transversely impressed.

8. A. arenarius n. sp.—Stout, convex, pale luteous throughout, except
the abdomen, which is clouded with blackish; head and pronotum slightly
shining, finely reticulate, the elytra dull and strongly, more granularly retic-
ulate; pubescence short, coarse, decumbent and rather dense. Head triangu-
lar, as long as wide, truncate and medially impressed at base, the tempora not
very angulate, rounded ; eyes large, convex, at much less than their own
length from the base and not much less prominent than the tempora; surface
rather finely, sparsely tuberculose, with an entire median impunctate line;
antenne long, slender, distinctly incrassate and slightly infuscate toward
apex, two-thirds longer than the head, the tenth joint not quite as long as
wide. Prothorax just visibly wider than the head and but slightly transverse,
widest very near the apex, the sides thence just visibly convergent and slightly
arcuate to the middle, there becoming more rounded and strongly convergent
to basal sixth, thence parallel to the base; apex transversely, evenly arcuate;
disk finely, not densely granulato-tuberculate. Elytra short, oval, convex,
one-half longer than wide, two-thirds wider than the prothorax, somewhat
attenuate behind and not very broadly obtuse at apex; sides rather strongly
arcuate; humeri moderately exposed at base; disk finely but strongly, densely
punctate, without impressions or omoplates. Abdomen feebly shining, mi-
nutely, densely punctate, the legs moderate in length and thickness. Length
2.8 mm.; width 1.0 mm.

Rhode Island ( Newport ).

The male has the anterior tibiz swollen within toward the mid-
dle and slightly bent toward apex, the fifth ventral evenly round-
ed and unmodified, the genital segment truncate and deeply, trans-

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 749

versely impressed. The single male, which I took immediately
behind the ocean beach, represents a species which is closely allied
to pallens, but differing in its shorter, more opaque and more
densely punctate elytra, shorter, more incrassate antennz, less
prominent tempora, differently shaped and less transverse pro-
thorax, and in other characters.

In this species the small tubercles of the head and prothorax
show plainly their origin in simple asperities at the anterior mar-
gins of the punctures, and,in both arenarius and pallens, the
declivous anterior part of the pronotum is less abruptly defined
than in the others here described.

TANARTHRUS Lec.

This is a singular and isolated type of the Anthicini, not very
closely related to any other, but agreeing better with Anthicus
than with any of those genera which have an abnormal extension
of the mesosternum. Its divergence from Anthicus is, however,very
marked in the depressed body with subtruncate and more or less
abbreviated elytra, in peculiarities of tarsal and palpal structure
previously noted, in the smaller and distinctly less coarsely faceted
eyes, and in the remarkable bilobed ultimate joint of the antenne,
the constriction in some species being so deep that it is almost
impossible to decide at once whether or not it really separates
the one joint into two.

The sculpture of the integuments is also worthy of remark.
The punctures of the head and pronotum are shallow and vario-
late, except in Tanarthrus proper, and, in all but one of Tanar-
thropsis, each puncture is accompanied by a small but pronounced
and shining tubercle. The surface of the elytra is covered closely
with a reticulation of fine lines, and, besides this sculpture, there
are frequently two independent sets of punctures, one very minute
and bearing the visible hairs, and the other still very small but large
by comparison, which are circular, shallow and crater-form, either
nude or bearing extremely minute setz only visible under con-
siderable amplification. Some species have, besides the reticula-
tion, only one set of minute punctules each of which bears a hair,
the singular varioles being completely wanting. This character,
in conjunction with the varying length and apical structure of the
elytra, shape of the head, size of the eyes and structure of the

750 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

epistoma, enables us to discriminate the rather closely allied
forms related to salicola.

The species are generally found running rapidly on soft saline
mud, and those discovered thus far may be distinguished as
follows :—

Antenne long, the last joint much narrower, elongate, cultriform and feebly
bilobed; tibial spurs very long; tarsi longer and thicker, the anterior some-
what dilated; —subgenus TANARTHRUS LeC................-.0s0+0- 1. salinus

Antenne much shorter and submoniliform, the last joint not narrower and

much shorter, acorn-shaped; tarsi shorter, very slender and filiform through-
out in both sexes; tibial spurs shorter;—subgenus TANARTHROPSIS hn. n.
Elytra with a single set of minute pubiferous punctures, pale, fasciate with
black.
Elytra very much abbreviated, exposing at least one-third of the abdo-
men; basal impression of the head broad and very feeble.
Elytra dehiscent, obliquely and anteriorly truncate toward the sutural

angles at apex, the angles obtuse....................... 2. brevipennis
Elytra not dehiscent, apparently connate throughout, semicircularly
TOUNGEMIAWAPEK ss sce coctecee sce se cee tase hoo tem eee cee ree 3. nubifer

Elytra longer, leaving merely the tip of the abdomen exposed, feebly de-
hiscent and broadly arcuato-truncate at apex; basal impression of the
head Nnarcoyi and, StROMP Is. 28. - c\ae cs ccaensa-nenaetenandsaee meses 4. tricolor

Elytra with shallow variolate punctures of larger size scattered among the
minute pubiferous punctures.

Elytra pale, fasciate with black, covering all but the tip of the abdomen,
distinctly dehiscent and evenly arcuato-truncate at apex; head and
pronotum granulose; basal impression of the head narrow and pro-
nounced.

Elytra slightly shining but alutaceous, with a narrow nubilate fascia at
the middlessapex pales... .ce. .seew-no2- seins osech eee eee sce ace 5. salicola
Elytra densely opaque, with a median and apical fascia of deep black;
body narrower, the head much smaller ...................-.+ 6. densus

Elytra black throughout, exposing slightly more of the tip of the abdo-
men, narrowly dehiscent at apex; body much smaller and entirely
black; head and pronotum sparsely and very shallowly punctate, with-
out tracetoh: oranulatione.<-2e-seesse-neeescenc cc coee ee eee eee 7. alutaceus

Subgen. Vanarthrus Lec.

1. T. salimus Lec.—Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., N. Y., V, p. 156; Proc. Acad.,
Phila., 1852, p. 104.

Subparallel, depressed, polished throughout, rufo-testaceous,
the elytra slightly clouded with blackish near the scutellum ; pu-
bescence moderately long, fine, decumbent and distinct, the tibiz
and tarsi bristling with long erect sete. Head large, subquadrate,

Coleopterological Notices, VI. T51

fully as long as wide, feebly convex, truneate and strongly, cana-
licularly impressed at base, the angles very broadly and obliquely
rounded ; tempora thence long and parallel to the eyes, which are
very small and somewhat feebly convex; punctures fine, simple
and sparse; antenn long, filiform, not at all incrassate, as long
as the head and prothorax, the joints inflated at apex and very
narrow at base, the last joint abruptly much narrower, slender,
very feebly bilobed and as long as the three preceding together ;
maxillary palpi slender, the last joint but slightly longer and
wider than the third, obliquely truncate at apex. Prothorax
trapezoidal, widest and moderately narrowly rounded at apical
fourth, about as long as wide and distinctly narrower than the
head ; sides moderately oblique and nearly straight ; apex broadly
arcuate ; disk depressed, minutely and sparsely punctate, with a
coarse and deep rounded groove along the basal margin. Elytra
two-fifths longer than wide, three-fourths wider than the pro-
thorax, broadly and almost semi-circularly rounded in apical fifth,
not dehiscent, leaving one-third of the abdomen exposed, dis-
tinctly wider behind the middle than at base, the sides almost
straight; humeri rounded, rather widely exposed at base; disk
with a distinct intra-humeral impression but not otherwise modi-
fied, somewhat densely punctate, not reticulate, the punctures
fine and pubiferous, mingled with others which are a little larger
and shallow, bearing exceedingly minute setee. Abdomen polish-
ed, finely, sparsely and subasperately punctate. Legs very long,
rather slender. Length 5.0 mm.; width 1.65 mm.

California (southern salt lakes). This species is the most re-
markable of the tribe, not only in size but in many points of
structure. The male has the fifth ventral scarcely longer than
the fourth, broadly and distinctly sinuate at the middle of the
wide apex, the genital segment relatively somewhat small, evenly
and feebly convex, truncate at apex; the exposed part of the
cedeagus consists of two lateral rounded laminate lobes and a
more slender median part, which is abruptly bent upward at apex.

Subgen. Tanarthropsis Csy.

2. T. brevipennis n. sp.—Narrow, subparallel, depressed, dull, the
elytra alutaceous, pale rufo-testaceous, the abdomen piceous beneath, black-
ish above, the elytra blackish, paler at apex and in basal third; pubescence
fine short, rather sparse, longer and more cinereous, denser and more conspicu-
ous on the elytra, decumbent. Head quadrate, as long as'wide, truncate but

752 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

only obsoletely impressed at base, the angles broadly rounded; tempora sub-
parallel, long and arcuate; eyes very small, not quite as prominent as the
tempora; disk reticulate, finely, feebly punctate, the punctures granuliferous
only toward the sides; median line narrowly impunctate; antenne short»
scarcely incrassate, one-third longer than the head, the last joint not as long
as the two preceding, bisected behind the middle, somewhat acorn-shaped
second and third longer than the following. Prothoray nearly as long as,
wide, distinctly narrower than the head, narrowly rounded and widest near
the apex, the sides thence strongly oblique and feebly arcuate, becoming
slightly sinuate to the basal margin which is distinct and defined by a fine
impressed line, not distinctly dilated laterally and three-fourths as wide as
the disk; apex broadly, strongly arcuate; collar very broad but short, cylin-
drical; disk moderately convex, somewhat swollen just before the basal mar-
gin, sculptured like the head but rather more densely, the punctures feeble or
wanting in a narrow median area toward base. Llytra very short, scarcely
two-fifths longer than wide, one-half wider than the prothorax, distinctly
wider behind the middle and at apex than at base, the sides feebly arcuate;
humeri well exposed at base; disk flat, minutely, densely punctate. Abdomen
shining, finely feebly and sparsely punctate. Legs rather short and somewhat
stout, the tarsi short and very slender. Length 3.0 mm.; width 0.85 mm.

Arizona (Holbrook).
This species is distinguishable by its very short truncate ely-
tra, and differs from every other in having the elytral pubescence

streaming out perpendicularly from the suture in basal third
and inner half. The exposed part of the tergum consists of a
very large convex, finely and sparsely punctate segment, para-
bolically rounded behind and having, near the base, two trans-
verse and densely pubescent patches nearly trisecting the width,
analogous perhaps to those of the Omalini or at least similar in
originand purpose. The single specimen is a female, kindly given
to me by Mr. Roberts and probably collected by Mr. Wickham.

3. T. mubifer n. sp.—Narrow, parallel, depressed, dull, the elytra paler
and less dull, pale rufo-testaceous, the abdomen above and beneath blackish;
elytra more flavate, with a common scutellar spot and another similar on each
behind the middle, blackish; pubescence short, decumbent, rather close, more
distinct on the elytra where it is even and longitudinal in direction through-
out. Head not quite as long as wide, truncate and feebly, medially im-
pressed at base, the angles broadly rounded; tempora somewhat swollen and
rounded, long, rather more prominent than the eyes which are very small;
punctures very shallow, dense and tuberculiferous; epistoma narrowly pro-
longed and polished; antennze nearly one-half longer than the head, moder-
ately slender, feebly incrassate, joints two to six uniformly decreasing in
length, the eleventh bisected behind the middle, nearly as long as the two pre-
ceding, the tenth scarcely as long as wide. Prothorax quite distinctly narrower

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 753

than the head, much wider than long, semi-circularly rounded laterally in
apical half, the sides thence strongly oblique, becoming sinuate to the basal
margin, which is narrow and only two-thirds as wide as the disk; apex broadly
arcuate; sculpture similar to that of the head but coarser, the punctures large
and very shallow, scarcely more than areolz at the inner sides of the small
tubercles. Elytra short, one-half longer than wide, one-half wider than the
prothorax, connate throughout, semi-circularly rounded behind in fourth or
fifth, the sides parallel, not wider behind the middle than at base; humeri
widely exposed at base; disk not at all modified at base, very feebly convex,
minutely, densely punctate, the suture somewhat elevated behind. Abdomen
coarsely, sparsely pubescent, the legs moderately long and slender. Length
3.0 mm.; width 0.75 mm.

Utah (Great Salt Lake).

A distinct species also represented before me by the female
only, this sex having the exposed part of the tergum feebly con-
vex, parabolic at apex, and with a minutely pubescent and nar-
row line near the base, extending almost entirely across the disk
and narrowly interrupted in the middle.

4. V. tricolor n. sp.—Narrow and subdepressed, alutaceous, pale rufo-
testaceous, the elytra and abdomen pale luteo-flavate, the former crossed just
behind the middle by a narrow piceous fascia; pubescence rather short, decum-
bent, close and distinct on the elytra. Head subquadrate, nearly as long as
wide, truncate at base and somewhat strongly, subcanalicularly impressed in
the middle, the angles broadly rounded; tempora long, parallel and rather
rounded, fully as prominent as the eyes, which are small; sculpture close and
granular; antennz slender, scarcely one-half longer than the head, feebly in-
crassate, the eleventh joint rather longer than the preceding two, fourth slightly
shorter than either the third or fifth. Prothorax scarcely three-fourths as wide
as the head, nearly as long as wide; sides evenly but rather prominently
rounded at apical third or fourth, thence strongly convergent, becoming sinu-
ate and parallel to the base, which is somewhat broadly margined and about
three-fourths as wide as the disk, the latter moderately convex and granularly
rugose. lytra rather more than one-half longer than wide and about two-
thirds wider than the prothorax, abruptly arcuato-truncate and distinctly de-
hiscent at apex; sides parallel and feebly arcuate, the disk not much wider be-
hind the middle than at base, finely, densely punctate, with «a very feeble post-
scutellar impression; humeri moderately exposed at base and rounded, Abdo-
men shining, finely, rather closely punctate, the legs moderately long and
slender. Length 3.0 mm.; width 0.8 mm.

Utah.

Closely allied to salicola, but distinguishable by the elytral
sculpture, smaller eyes and more swollen and more prominent
tempora; the tip only of the tergum is exposed in the female, and

T54 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

this is rather closely punctured and pubescent. The epistoma is
short, the suture distinct and broadly angulate, the basal three-
fifths corneous and sculptured like the adjoining front, the apical
two-fifths abruptly thin, transparent and devoid of sculpture.

5. T. Salicola Lec.—Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., V, (1875), p. 174.

Nearly similar to the last in general form and coloration, but
with larger and more convex eyes and straight parallel tempora
behind them, the clypeus longer, less sculptured, divided by a
feebler and more arcuate suture, the apex of the thin portion
narrowly grooved. Prothorax distinctly larger when compared
with the head and more broadly rounded at the sides anteriorly.
Elytra covering virtually the entire abdomen in the male, parallel,
rather flat, one-half longer than wide, three-fourths wider than the
prothorax, alutaceous, the pubescence somewhat sparse. Under
surface of the hind body intense black throughout, the legs pale
testaceous. Length 3.0 mm.; width 0.9.

Utah,—Cab. LeConte. The male has the fifth ventral not quite
as long as the fourth, broadly truncate at apex, the truncature
broadly and feeby sinuate in the middle. The under surface of
the hind body in tricolor is very pale throughout, the abdomen
being rather more closely punctate than in salicola, and, as usual
in this section, there are two longitudinal series of long tactile
setze, two sete to each segment. The dusky tip of the elytra, re-
ferred to in the original description, is due to the black apex of
the abdomen by diaphaneity; in the following species, however,
the tip is really black.

6. T. densus n. sp.—Narrow, subdepressed, opaque throughout above,
the abdomen shining, dark rufous, the under surface of the hind body deep
black; pygidium black; elytra with a black band just behind the middle
which is expanded posteriorly at the side margins, joining a narrow black
apical band; pubescence very short, decumbent, even, moderately dense and
not very conspicuous. Head subquadrate, not quite as long as wide, truncate
and medially subcanaliculate at base, the angles rounded; tempora long, be-
coming straight and parallel for some distance behind the eyes, the latter
moderately small, convex, more prominent than the tempora; disk finely,
granularly punctate; antennz rather thick, very feebly incrassate, fully one-
half longer than the head, the eleventh joint as long as the two preceding com-
bined, deeply constricted behind the middle, the basal lobe as usual thicker.
Prothorax somewhat small, much narrower than the head, noticeably wider
than long, widest and rather strongly rounded between apical third and fourth,
the sides thence oblique and straight, becoming parallel only just before the

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 755

base; margin very narrow; apex broadly, circularly arcuate; collar short and
broad ; disk rather convex, densely and strongly granuiato-rugose. Elytra nearly
two-thirds longer than wide and about two-thirds wider than the prothorax,
the sides parallel and almost straight, slightly arcuate in the female, dehiscent
and broadly rounded at apex; humeri well exposed at base; disk even, finely,
very densely and compositely sculptured and opaque. Abdomen shining,
finely, sparsely punctulate, the legs moderately long and slender. Length 2.9
mm.; width 0.75 mm.

Utah (Great Salt Lake). Hubbard and Schwarz.

The description is drawn from the male, this sex having the
fifth ventral rather shorter than the fourth, broadly truncate at
apex, with a very feeble sinuation and with a slightly thickened
bead-like edge toward the middle; only the pygidium is ex-
posed at apex.

Besides the denser, more opaque and differently ornamented
elytra, this species differs from salicola in its relatively smaller
head and coarser sculpture of the pronotum.

7. T. alutaceus Lec.—Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., N. Y., V, p. 155 ( Anthiecus);
Proc. Acad., Phila., 1852, p. 104 (Tanarthrus).

Narrow, feebly convex, rather shining and scarcely distinctly
reticulate, black throughout, the antenne and legs in part paler ;
pubescence fine, very short and not dense. Head fully as long as
wide, broadly arcuate and not distinctly impressed at base; the
angles very broadly rounded to the small, anterior but somewhat
convex eyes; punctures large, very shallow and sparse, without
trace of a median smooth line; antennze short, moniliform one-
third longer than the head, the subdivided eleventh joint as long
as the two preceding. Prothorax trapezoidal, the sides oblique
and straight and the apex broadly arcuate, rather small, much
narrower than the head and slightly transverse, the punctures
large, very shallow and sparse. Elytra one-half longer than wide
and three-fifths wider than the prothorax, with unevenly and
sparsely scattered, shallow, craterform areol, the hairs arising
from almost imperceptible punctures of the interspaces. Meta-
sternum highly polished. Abdomen shining, not distinctly pune-
tured. Legs slender, moderate in length. Length 2.2 mm.;
width 0.55 mm.

California (San Diego). This species differs greatly from the
others of the subgenus in its small size, feeble sculpture, more

ANNALS N. Y. AcAD. Scr., VIII, Nov., 1895.—51

156 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

shining integuments, black color, rather more convex eyes and
other characters.

NOTOXUS Fabr.

This genus contains numerous species in North America, but
is more abundant in the temperate than in the tropical regions of
the continent. The thirty-two species included in the table be-
low, appear to be rigorously definable and without suspicion of
intergradation, as far as can be observed with the abundant ma-
terial before me. ‘The species in fact seem to be unusually con-
stant through long series, in the majority of cases even in colora-
tion, and types of coloration have proved so stable that it is
found convenient to divide the genus into groups based primarily
upon these characters. It seems evident, moreover, that this may
be as natural a grouping as any which can be provisionally
assumed.

The thoracic horn is another character heretofore regarded as
especially prone to variation, which I have found to be quite con-
stant in general form and structure within the same sex of the
various species, and this is what might be anticipated from analogy.
It is true that the horn is an unusual and greatly developed struc-
ture of scarcely obvious utility in the economy of the animal,
if we consider the genus in relation to the other genera of An-
thicini; but, on the other hand, we must remember that within the
large genus Notoxus, the horn, whatever its use, whether a pro-
tection for the head or something more obscure, is a remarkably
characteristic generic feature, and consequently a long established
and permanent structure, and ought not to possess much specific
variability at the present time.

The species may be readily recognized as follows :—

Elytra entirely black, sometimes feebly and indefinitely paler toward the

BIDERS Spankgcasbat yoo adodAconovdo dndtio cnondaAca cUGUbosUIPeoEAHS DSS ODODSUUdoSNnbSSOeDSaSEMSonOL 2
Elytra black, each with two large oblique spots of pale tint.................eese00 3
Elytra black, crossed by two pale fasciz.......... whee stated duvlestevabiadasemonecimdoneeies 4

Elytra more or less pale, with a single dark fascia behind the middle, which
is generally produced anteriorly along the suture to a greater or less de-

gree, frequently also with dark markings anterior to the fascia............. 5
Elytra pale, with a dark fascia at the middle, and another which is either
APICalWOriSWhapiCallena-.o1- sak vercanecsseseweneceadedeslieccsceedacecesnsasascuaeaeneerns 15

2—Elytral vestiture uniform in color; eyes larger and more prominent.
bicolor Say

Coleopterological Notices, VI. TST

Elytral vestiture coarser, white, with # large spot at the middle of each in
which the pubescence becomes abruptly brown in color.

schwarzi Horn

3—Thoracic process narrow; elytra truncate in the female, (elegantulus Laf.,

SUDULIS LCC: vance tanccesdeececcciclaciss «oases njnsele's tinea ascses aslecideaensoeee talpa Laf.
Thoracic process broader and more rapidly acuminate toward tip; elytra
TOUM CEC ab APOxa UM DOCMBORES ee. nc. cc-1-/cnissliccierascarceacasessces nuperus Horn

4—Pale fasciz situated respectively before and behind the middle.
Anterior fascia invariably interrupted at the suture...... bifasciatus Lec.
Anterior fascia entire and even.
Prothorax of normal size; elytral punctures dense.
Elytral apices normally rounded in the female........ balteatus n. sp.
Elytral apices dehiscent and individually acute in the female.
montanus n. sp.
Prothorax very small; elytra unusually elongate; elytral punctures sparse,
Ge MUStre POMSMEM ewes esses ceeds sss ssenccasesescssiees microcerus nt. sp.
Pale fascize situated one at the base, the other at basal third; punctures
sparse; surface polished; vestiture uneven, forming two broad paler bands

Onihleyvelytraageseccessm be asian ces senedscose>desteseenescessseses Spatulifer n. sp.
5—Elytral punctures sparse and frequently coarse; species generally small...6
Elytral punctures dense and’ generally fine.......1.:..0.-cosescescccececnnsseseocceecenss 7

6—Transverse fascia at the usual position three-fifths from the base.
Fascia distinctly denuded of pubescence.
The fascia vaguely continued along the suture to a single large indis-
tinct scutellar spot; elytral punctures very coarse and sparse; vesti-

ture coarse and widely dispersed.................se+000. denudatus Horn
The fascia not prolonged; a faint anteriorly arcuate subbasal fascia inter-
rupted at the suture generally evident................ debilitams n. sp.

Fascia not denuded.
Thoracic process not or very obsoletely dentellate.

Vestitture coarse and conspicuous; elytra more elongate, the prothorax
relatively smaller; antennz stout toward apex; eyes larger and
IMOLEMANelypACEUCU eters aa es- s2-seclce cane euemece cence conforms Lec.

Vestiture finer, sparser and less conspicuous; elytra shorter and
broader, with evidently finer punctuation; antenne slender.

sparsus Lec.

Thoracic process distinctly dentellate...................5. Lustrellus n. sp.

Transverse fascia at apical fourth very vague, the entire surface frequently ob-
scure; larger species, with coarse and sparse punctuation.

nevadensis 0. sp.

‘7—Transverse fascia more posterior in position, at apical fourth, continued

along the suture to the base .............-sssscscesssscsereoese anchora Hentz
Transverse fascia at three-fifths from the base, not continued on the suture
more thanishohohy, beyond the middler eee cccsessceecseoacesaccaseedseceneess 8
S$—Thoracic process broader, always distinctly dentellate.................:eeeeeeeee 9

Thoracic process narrower and elongate, never dentellate or only very indis-
GUT CLL VASO See EMR as oe rie sink siden oaslaiee ccaaoudcene ee noncationcsantenns seeds ehonsnssea tases 14

158 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

9—Elytra with two more or less definite and approximate, but non-coalescent,

dark’ spots very near the base -o-....-ccrsc- ss csecsee econ sesenecasseties easeerere 10
Elytra each with a small subsutural spot at some distance behind the scutel-
WM. oe SSeaiciesed ols vcieis oveceswdsinphmieelse te ecestvws ss scones nasemen esac deeslinensaseseeeet 13
10—Elytra without maculation between the transverse band and basal spots,
except occasionally near the lateral eflges ........................sescseceseseree 11

Elytra with a posteriorly arcuate transverse band between the fascia and the
base, which is composed of six short longitudinal dashes of slightly
darker brownish-piceous tint; subbasal spots also pale brown, large and
ANG EHNIGE) <sooe cae ase «tics doceseceiesesossnteee os sce eonesncencste-keaedenaseae aeecceeene 12

11—Subbasal spots prolonged obliquely outward, enclosing the pale humeri;
erect hairs of the elytra very long and bristling; thoracic process strongly
CONnStriched ab Daseitee-.. .cecevces se eeee nec cse et cece eeaee cess humboldti n. sp.

Subbasal spots not obliquely prolonged.

Thoracic process narrower and more gradually acuminate, not or feebly
constricted at base and generally differing but little sexually.
Elytra each with a subapical diffused spot of darker tint, (vars. pilatei and
MECOLOTOTUS Val: \ereccrwcossntentsent sea caceseseectdececatonsese es monodon Fab.
Elytra invariably pale behind the transverse fascia.
Erect hairs of the elytra shorter and more inconspicuous; transverse
fascia more even; vestiture finer and more decumbent.
Thoracic precess moderate in size; sides of the elytra invariably pale.
Body stout, the black fascia extending almost to the sides.
austinianus n. sp.
Body narrow, the black fascia scarcely extending at all beyond
the median line of each elytron, and having the form of two
ANVELLEd "COMMAS 2.cseseeacc-os-cs se eeceteees estas filicornis n. sp.
Thoracic process very large, often fully one-half as wide as the pro-
thorax; sides of the elytra dark.................. dinocerus n. sp.
Erect hairs very long and bristling; vestiture coarser; fascia nar-
Tower and acutely Zig-2ag..................ceceeeoeeseeoee desertus n. sp.
Thoracic process broadly spatuliform, strongly constricted at base at least
in the female.
Smaller species, the elytral apices simple in the male.
constrictus n. sp.
Large species, the apices narrowly truncate in the male... rODUSTUS nN. sp.
12—-Transverse fascia broad, interrupted at the suture, (digitatus Lec.).
serratus Lec.
13—Transverse fascia much broken up ...........:eceseeceeeeeees alamed@2 n. sp.
14—Flytra with a transverse band between the fascia and the base, which is
prolonged posteriorly along the suture joining the fascia; body narrow,
elongate andsparallelsrcs. srstesesacenessesmnese one snececedae semaeee pictus pn. sp.
Elytra without the intermediate band.
Elytral apices dark in color, the sides behind basal third also dark; larger
Species, «(marginatus vluech)s.cs- ase ceeenesteseneee ses ace neeeceese apicalis Lec.
Elytral apices pale as usual; small species; fascia feeble in tint, nubilate
and. Strongly ZiG=ZAG ios. ccncusencdecsesasdeecensersesceeccer snes: cavicornis Lec.

Coleopterological Notices, VI. tao

15—Crest of the thoracic process abrupt and well defined by a continuous ele-

vated margin; larger species, the posterior fascia small, irregular and very

TLCATKGL EG eUp OXeee sees eel ee eeee ee eile Seis e'nsie'v siete sie telasRisjoe voeatelon's calcaratus Horn

Crest subobsolete, represented only by a few detached asperate points; posterior
fascia at apical fifth; elytra with erect sete; small species.

delicatus Csy.

Crest completely obsolete, the posterior fascia large and enveloping the apices;

median fascia greatly prolonged along the suture, becoming bifurcate;

ely tratwithoutierect Seteehs.cers-..c00ccccsseacsecnvasesttene planicornis Laf.

The characters of planicornis, which is the only species not
before me, are taken from the figure given by LaFerté; this figure
does not, however, at all agree with the description, which states
that there is a small scutellar spot, a median sinuous fascia and
another ante-apical, which is composed of two lunules ; this would
make the markings agree nearly with those of delicatus, but as the
description states that there are no “ poils raides ” in planicornis,
and as these are very evident in delicatus, I prefer to regard
the two species as distinct for the present. As I have before
explained (Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci., I, p. 333), delicatus is in no way
closely related to monodon or pilatet.

I have considered pilatei and decoloratus of LaFerté as varities
of monodon for the present, as I have not been able to identify
them, but it is more than possible that they represent valid species.

The genus having been so recently reviewed by Dr. Horn (Tr.
Am. Ent. Soe., XI, 1884, p. 165), itis only necessary at the present
time to describe the species announced as new in the above table.

N. balteatus.— Moderately stout and shining, rufo-piceous, the elytra
black with a broad and even transverse fascia at basal third, and another,
equally straight and transverse but narrower, at apical third; basal margin
and apex also paler; vestiture very fine, short, even and only moderately close
anteriorly, coarser and denser on the elytra, where it is pale cinereous on the
pale bands, elsewhere brownish, without erect setze. Head distinctly smaller
than the prothorax, the eyes rather large, slightly longer than the tempora;
antenne distinctly longer than the head and prothorax, stout toward apex,
the tenth joint but slightly longer than wide. Prothorax slightly transverse,
subglobular, finely, closely punctate, the horn well developed, two-thirds
longer than wide, very feebly narrowed at base, not dentellate, the crest
strongly developed and surrounded by a fine elevated and non-dentellate
border. Elytra three-fourths wider than the prothorax, evidently less than
twice as long as wide, feebly dilated behind; disk very minutely, evenly,
moderately closely punctate; humeral impression feeble; post-scutellar depres-
sion distinct. Under surface minutely and closely punctate, the legs moder-
ately slender, testaceous. Length 3.0 mm.; width 1.0 mm.

760 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

Arizona.

A single female specimen representing a species which is allied
to bifasciatus, but differing in coloration and several structural
characters. The configuration of the anterior pale fascia in
bifasciatus is perfectly constant throughout my series.

N. montanus.—Stout, rather shining, testaceous, the abdomen darker;
elytra dark piceous-brown, with a broad even and parallel-sided transverse fas-
cia of paler tint at basal third, and another, narrower, at apical third, the
latter bent forward toward the suture; base and apex also paler; vestiture
short, not very dense, somewhat coarse on the prothorax, intermingled with
sparse erect setze on the elytra. Head much smaller than the prothorax, pol-
ished; eyes small, barely as long as the tempora; antennze two-fifths as long
as the body, moderately incrassate, the tenth joint one-half longer than wide.
Prothorax slightly wider than long, the sides oblique to the base behind the
middle; surface finely, densely and rather rugosely punctate; horn well de-
veloped, about one-third longer than wide, distinctly constricted at base, the
sinuation broad, the border entire, the crest well developed, with its border
strongly reflexed and entire. Elytra distinctly dilated and, at apical third,
almost twice as wide as the prothorax, scarcely more than three-fourths longer
than wide, broadly, feebly, transversely impressed at basal third, strongly im-
pressed on the suture behind the scutellum, the humeral impression obsolete;
punctures somewhat fine but distinct, rather dense. Under surface densely
pubescent, minutely, densely punctate, the legs slender. Length 2.9 mm.;
width 1.0 mm.

Colorado.

This species, while allied in general appearance to some others
of this group, may be distinguished by its stout form, and, from
balteatus, by its smaller eyes, coarser punctuation and erect sete
of the elytra, these being completely wanting in that species.
From bifasciatus it differs in its much longer and more distinct
erect sete, non-interrupted elytral fascize, dehiscent tips of the
elytra, less incrassate antennze and many other features. It is
represented before me by the female only.

N. microcerus.— Rather narrow, polished, dark rufo-piceous, the abdo-
men black; elytra black, with a straight transverse and entire fascia just be-
hind basal fourth, and, on each, a transverse spot at apical fourth which is
flexed obliquely forward, becoming feeble, to the suture; base slightly, the
apex not appreciably, pale. Head but slightly smaller than the prothorax,
polished, the eyes well developed; antennze long, slender, scarcely at all in-
crassate, more than one-half as long as the body, dark rufo-testaceous through-
out, the tenth joint about one-half longer than wide on the compressed side
and nearly twice as long as wide on the other. Prothorax small, subglobular,
a little wider than long, coarsely punctato-scabrous, except broadly along the

a

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”

“af

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 761

middle, sparsely and coarsely pubescent, the transverse tomentose line at the
base very widely interrupted; horn small, strongly and abruptly crested,
slightly longer than wide, not constricted, evenly rounded at tip, both horn
and crest surrounded by an acutely elevated and non-dentellate margin.
Elytra elongate, twice as long as wide, very appreciably dilated at apical third
and twice as wide as the prothorax, gradually narrowed and somewhat acutely
parabolic in apical third, the sutural angle rounded but not at all truncate;
intra-humeral impression distinct, the post-scutellar very strong; disk mi-
nutely, sparsely punctate, finely dusky-pubescent, except in the transverse
fascize, where the vestiture is coarser and cinereous; erect setze long but rather
fine and sparse. Abdomen strongly shining, the minute punctures feeble. Legs
moderate, the hind femora dusky. Length 2.7 mm.; width 0.85 mm.

Arizona (near the Caton of the Colorado).

This is a well marked species, to be readily known by its long,
polished, sparsely and minutely punctate elytra, which are nar-
rowed obliquely behind from slightly before apical third, also by
its small prothorax with an unusually small corneous be ocess,
long antenne and other characters.

A single specimen, probably male, was recently taken by Dr.
T. Mitchell Prudden, of New York, and kindly presented to me
together with a number of other interesting species.

N. spatulifer.—Somewhat narrow, parallel, polished throughout, pi-
ceous-brown, the antenne paler and the elytra black, the latter with the
basal margin and a transverse fascia at basal third pale, the latter clothed
with coarser, closer and more cinereous pubescence, a transverse band occupy-
ing apical fourth also similarly pubescent, the vestiture elsewhere fine, dark
in color and very sparse; erect sete sparse, more distinct in the cinereous
areas. Head but slightly smaller than the prothorax, convex, polished, very
remotely pubescent, the eyes small, much shorter than the tempora; antennz
one-half as long as the body, somewhat thick, just visibly and very gradually
incrassate, slightly infuscate toward apex, the tenth joint distinctly elongate.
Prothorax globular, not wider than long, polished, finely and sparsely punc-
tate throughout, the basal tomentose line scarcely at all interrupted; horn
well developed, circularly rounded at apex, not dentellate, feebly but rather
abruptly constricted at the middle and thence parallel to the base, narrower
and scarcely at all constricted in the male; crest abrupt, moderately elevated,
acutely outlined along the sides but indefinitely so anteriorly; surface of the
horn concave and strongly sculptured. Llytra twice as long as wide and paral-
lel in the male, shorter and slightly inflated in the female, narrowly and ob-
liquely truncate near the suture in the former, broadly and squarely truncate
throughout the width in the latter sex, scarcely more than one-half wider
than the prothorax, rather sparsely and somewhat strongly but not very
coarsely punctate, without basal impressions of any kind, even post-scutellar.
Under surface rather coarsely and sparsely pubescent. Length 2.6—-2.8 mm.;
width 0.75-0.85 mm.

762 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

California (Los Angeles Co.).

A distinct species in its strongly marked sexual characters,
sparse and uneven pubescence, polished surface and other charac-
ters; it is allied closely, however, to denudatus, a peculiar Cali-
fornia coast species, and scarcely at all to bifasciatus, and is
placed in the vicinity of the latter merely to facilitate identifica-
tion. The last ventral of the male has a deep rounded median
impression. Three specimens.

N. debilitans.—Moderately narrow, polished, pale piceous-brown, the
elytra blackish, pale at base, obliquely more broadly toward the sides, also in
a broad anteriorly arcuate fascia just behind basal third, and, less markedly,
in apical fourth; vestiture sparse and rather coarse but short and subdecum-
bent, finer, sparser, more decumbent and inconspicuous in the black fascia and
at base. Head distinctly narrower than the prothorax; eyes somewhat small;
antennze moderately stout, rather short, scarcely longer than the head and pro-
thorax, the tenth joint but slightly longer than wide. Prothorax subglobular,
slightly wider than long, minutely, remotely punctate throughout, the horn
nearly as in spatulifer,—well developed, non-dentellate, broadly and feebly
constricted toward base,—but with the concave apical part much more pointed
and less broadly rounded. £lytra distinctly less than twice as long as wide,
about two-thirds wider than the prothorax, the sides parallel, feebly arcuate
behind, the apex broadly subtruncate and arcuate in the female, the outer an-
gles broadly rounded; disk without impressions, coarsely, sparsely punctate,
the erect setze long but very sparse. Abdomen rather sparsely, coarsely pubes-
cent. Length 2.5-2.7 mm.; width 0.8 mm.

California (San Diego).

Of this interesting species I obtained four specimens, which
are unfortunately all females; the male, however, without doubt
has the short oblique subdentate truncature characterizing the
allied forms. It forms, with spatulifer and denudatus, a very
distinct group of small polished and sparsely punctate species,
and differs from the first in the shorter elytra, less transversely
truncate in the female, in the coarser and still sparser punctures
of the elytra, more pointed apex of the pronotal process, shorter
antenne and paler coloration, and, from denudatus, in its stouter
build, different pattern of elytral ornamentation, less coarse and
sparse elytral punctures and closer, more decumbent pubescence.

In denudatus the form of the body is very slender, the elytral
punctures remarkably coarse and sparse, the vestiture of the
elytra coarse, rather long, very sparse and not closely decumbent,
the antenne long, slender, gradually and distinctly incrassate,
with the tenth joint much longer than wide, and the elytra fully

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 163

twice as long as wide, devoid of impression and colored as stated
in the table ; the fifth ventral of the male is excessively feebly or
not at allimpressed. In all three of these species the punctures
of the elytra become very fine, remote and feeble toward apex.

N. lustrellus.—Somewhat stout, shining, pale piceo-testaceous, the
elytra with a blackish transverse fascia scarcely before apical third and broadly
interrupted at the suture, without other maculation. Head just visibly nar-
rower than the prothorax, orbicular, polished, the eyes large, convex and
prominent, fully as long as the tempora; antennz slender. Prothorax dis-
tinctly wider than long, broadly rounded at the sides anteriorly, feebly and
obliquely narrowed and sinuate thence to the base, polished, extremely mi-
nutely, sparsely punctulate, sparsely and coarsely pubescent, the basal tomen-
tose line subinterrupted in the middle; horn long and moderately dilated,
coarsely and deeply crenate throughout, the crest strongly elevated, very long
and narrow, the margins distinct and crenulate, acute and feebly defined at
apex. Llytra not quite twice as long as wide, parallel, nearly twice as wide
as the prothorax, the sides becoming rather abruptly oblique and arcuate in
apical fourth to the oblique apical truncature; intra-humeral impression
somewhat distinct, the scutellar obsolete; disk sparsely and rather coarsely
punctate, the pubescence sparse, coarse, cinereous and decumbent, almost
evenly distributed, the erect sete indistinct. Under surface coarsely pubes-
cent. Length 2.9 mm.; width 1.05 mm.

California (San Francisco).

The single male represents a species allied to conformis, but
differing in its shorter and broader elytra, more dilated thoracic
process, strongly dentellate at the margins and with much more
elongate crest, and other characters. There is a small feeble su-
tural spot on each elytron just in advance of the sutural break in
the transverse fascia, but no trace of scutellar spot.

N. nevadensis.— Moderately stout, parallel, convex, shining, piceous-
brown, with a large nubilate transverse fascia, interrupted at the suture, at
apical fourth. Head much narrower than the prothorax, polished but rather
distinctly pubescent and with conspicuously long sparse setze, eyes very small,
not much more than one-half as long as the tempora; antennz moderately
stout, feebly incrassate, about two-fifths as long as the body. Prothorax some-
what large, subglobular, slightly wider than long, sparsely, very minutely
punctate and polished, the pubescence rather long but not very dense, decum-
bent; basal line diminishing greatly in width toward the middle but scarcely
interrupted; horn well developed, parallel, not constricted at base, one-half
longer than wide, rounded at apex, with the edges moderately coarsely,
unevenly and rather feebly crenulate, the crest somewhat pronounced but
short and wide, scarcely one-half as long as the horn, definitely limited at
the sides but not at apex. Elytra elongate, twice as long as wide, barely two-

764 Coleopterological Notices, V1.

thirds wider than the prothorax, the sides parallel and scarcely more arcuate
behind, the apex obliquely rounded from apical third; disk obsoletely im-
pressed within the humeri and on each side of the suture near the scutellum,
coarsely, sparsely punctate, finely toward apex, the pubescence rather long,
coarse, sparse, cinereous, subdecumbent and evenly distributed, the erect setze
long, coarse, rather numerous and conspicuous. Under surface and legs
minutely, closely punctulate, the abdomen coarsely pubescent. Length 3.0
mm.; width 1.1 mm.

Nevada (Elko). Mr. Wickham.

Three males before me agree very well among themselves and
have the tips of the elytra obliquely truncate near the suture,
and the fifth segment scarcely visibly and transversely impressed
near the apex, but the fourth specimen, also a male, differs in
form and color, having the elytra larger and longer, almost en-
tirely blackish, and the thoracic process more strongly crenulate.
I think, however, that it can only represent a varietal modifica-
tion; it is labeled ‘‘ Nevada,” without more precise indication of
locality.

N. humboldti.—Stout, somewhat shining, pale, ochreo-testaceous
throughout, the abdomen just visibly infuscate posteriorly; elytra with two
subconfluent scutellar spots, which are prolonged obliquely outward to the
lateral edges, and a broad transverse fascia somewhat behind apical third, pro-
longed broadly along the suture, abruptly ending just behind basal third, of
black; apical regions not maculate. Head much narrower than the prothorax,
finely, densely punctate and pubescent; eyes large, much longer than the tem-
pora; antennz rather short and stout, the tenth joint but little longer than
wide. Prothorax transversely oval, finely and somewhat sparsely punctate,
the coarse yellowish decumbent pubescence abundant; horn strongly developed,
spatuliform, gradually and strongly narrowed to base and margined throughout
with large prominent and distant, obtusely rounded teeth, the crest very long
and narrow, defined at the sides only by a series of elongate elevations, not
defined at the acute apex. Flytra distinctly less than twice as long as wide,
not quite twice as wide as the prothorax, not dilated behind, the sides parallel
and nearly straight, obliquely narrowed and then obtusely rounded in apical
third or fourth; humeral impression at base narrow and well marked, the
scutellar also slightly visible; disk strongly but not very coarsely, rather
closely punctate and shining, the decumbent pubescence coarse but only
moderately long and dense; erect setze abundant, very long, coarse and con-
spicuous throughout the upper surface. Length 3.6 mm.; width 1.25 mm.

California (Hoopa Val., Humboldt Co.).

The single specimen before me, probably female, represents an
interesting modification of the monodon group, departing radically
in type of maculation near the base of the elytra, and differing

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 165

from constrictus not only in this respect, but in the entire struc-
tural detail of the thoracic process and crest, and in the very long
bristling sete of the elytra.

In the species of Notoxus the modifications at the thoracic apex
are quite complex, and seem designed in part to prevent a too
great lateral motion of the head, which would thus be deprived
of the protection of the thoracic process. There is, among these
modifications, a small oval subdepressed area at each side just
behind the apical margin, which has the bottom convex and very
densely sculptured and pubescent; this is especially developed in
constrictus, but is very small in the present species ; it is perhaps
connected in some way witha lateral enlargement of the neck
within the prothorax.

N. austinianus.—Somewhat stout, pale rufo-testaceous throughout,
the legs more ochreous; elytra with two feeble scutellar spots and a transverse
fascia behind the middle of blackish, the latter rather narrow and flexed toward
the suture to the middle; lateral spots wholly obsolete. Head not perceptibly
narrower than the prothorax, minutely, closely punctate and pubescent, reticu-
late and dull, the eyes large, much longer than the tempora; antennz stout,
two-fifths as long as the body, gradually and distinctly incrassate, the tenth
joint obconical, much longer than wide. Prothorax small, globular, minutely
and moderately closely punctate, polished, the vestiture fine, decumbent, not
concealing the surface, more evident along the median line; basal line very
wide laterally, broadly subinterrupted at the middle; horn well developed,
broad, rather finely dentellate, only very slightly wider in the female, not dis-
tinctly narrowed at base, the crest strongly elevated and defined throughout
by an acute entire border. Elytra not quite twice as long as wide, at posterior
third sensibly dilated and nearly twice as wide as the prothorax, broadly,
evenly rounded behind in both sexes; disk scarcely at all impressed at base,
finely, deeply, closely punctate and dull, the vestiture somewhat coarse, de-
cumbent, cinereous, dense and evenly distributed, the erect sete abundant,
but not very coarse and decidedly short. Under surface finely, very densely
pubescent, the abdominal segments more coarsely so along the apices. Length
2.7-3.5 mm.; width 1.0-1.25 mm.

Texas (Austin).

The male differs scarcely at all from the female. Austinianus
is one of the allies of monodon, and differs in its shorter, finer,
denser and more even vestiture, narrower posterior fascia, without
a subapical black cloud, much larger eyes, polished surface of the
pronotum, not concealed by the vestiture, and in other features
constituting a general facies. It is represented by a large and
homogeneous series.

766 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

N. filicormis.—Slender, convex, rather dull, pale luteo-flavate through-
out, the elytra with a feeble rounded darker spot at each side of the suture
behind the scutellum, and a darker median spot just before apical third, the
latter with an oblique ramus extending anteriorly to just beyond the middle
gradually approaching but not touching the suture, the spot not at all ex-
tended laterally; pubescence somewhat coarse and dense, cinereous-white, de-
cumbent, with distinct and rather numerous erect bristles. Head as long as
wide, dull and minutely, densely punctato-scabrous, the eyes large, at much
more than their own length from the base; antennie long, fully one-half as
long as the body, very feebly incrassate toward apex, the tenth joint one-half
longer than wide, the eleventh slender, almost as long as the two preceding,
gradually narrowed in apical half. Prothorax slightly narrower than the head,
somewhat longer than wide, globularly convex, polished, minutely punctate,
abundantly pubescent, the basal pubescent area rapidly narrowed and almost
obsolete toward the middle; horn subconical in outline, not in the least con-
stricted, the sides arcuate, finely and rather feebly crenulate, the apex obtusely
rounded in the male, more rapidly and acutely pointed in the female, a little
broader and parallel toward base in the latter sex; crest short and wide, mod-
erately elevated, outlined by a broken series of feeble crenelures. Elytra
twice as long as wide, fully three-fourths wider than the prothorax, rounded
behind in both sexes, only slightly wider at posterior third than at base, rather
finely but closely and strongly punctate. Abdomen dull, the legs slender.
Length 2.7-2.8 mm.; width 0.8-0.9 mm.

Florida (Jacksonville). Mr. Ashmead.

The male has the fifth ventral broadly subtruncate at apex, ex-
tremely feebly sinuate for a short distance at the middle, the sur-
face adjoining the sinuation feebly and transversely impressed, in
the female longer and evenly rounded, with the surface unmodi-
fied. The antenne of the female do not differ appreciably.

This species is allied to monodon, but is much narrower, with
longer and more slender antenne and quite different elytral orna-
mentation; the spot on each elytron, with its oblique curving
ramus, has the exact form of an inverted comma, and differs from
any other of the monodon group in not extending at all toward
the sides of the elytra. It seems to be allied to pilatet Laf., but
is much smaller, the stated dimensions of pilatet being 3.61.0 mm.

N. dinocerus.— Narrow, convex, pale rufo-testaceous throughout, the
abdomen infuscate; elytra with two small scutellar spots, a transverse fascia at
apical two-fifths prolonged along the suture beyond the middle, and a dark
post-humeral marginal line, prolonged to the fascia or nearly to the apex, of
black. Head as wide as the prothorax, minutely, densely punctate and dull,
densely clothed with short appressed silvery pubescence; eyes large, longer
than the tempora; antenne moderate, feebly incrassate. Prothorax globular,

Coleopterological Notices, V1. T67

the polished surface minutely, not densely punctate and not entirely con-
cealed by the vestiture; basal tomentose line wide laterally but subobsolete in
the middle; horn very broad and strongly developed, one-half as wide as the
pronotal disk in the female, slightly narrower in the male, not constricted at
base, rounded, finely dentellate, densely asperate, the crest moderately ele-
vated and defined by a somewhat broken elevated margin laterally, not de-
fined at the apex. Elytra about twice as long as wide in the male, rather
shorter in the female, slightly wider at apical third and nearly twice as wide
as the prothorax, rounded at apex in both sexes; humeral impression very
feeble, the scutellar obsolete; disk finely and closely punctate but not very
dull, the pubescence dense, even, whitish and somewhat coarse; erect setze
abundant, moderate in length. Length 2.7 mm.; width 0.8 mm.

Texas (Galveston).

This species is also allied to monodon, differing in its smaller
size, narrower form, larger thoracic process, whiter pubescence,
larger eyes and still more minute and much denser elytral punce-
tures; the sides of the prothorax are more oblique anteriorly, the
horn being much more gradually formed than in monodon. It is
represented by three specimens, in which the sexual characters
are very feeble.

N. desertus.—Rather stout, slightly shining, pale yellowish-testaceous
throughout, the elytra with a small spot at each side of the suture near the
base, and a transverse zig-zag fascia behind the middle, strongly produced an-
teriorly along the suture beyond the middle, frequently subuniting by a feeble
ray with each of the subbasal spots; sides behind the humeri faintly darkened.
Head subequal in width to the prothorax, densely pubescent, minutely punc-
tate, reticulate, somewhat dull, the eyes rather large, equal in length to the
tempora; antenne slender, slightly incrassate, fully two-fifths as long as the
body. Prothorax rather small, globular, finely and sparsely punctate, shining
through the somewhat dense vestiture, the basal line dilated at the sides; horn
well developed, differing somewhat noticeably in the sexes; in the male smaller
and narrower, more acuminate, not at all constricted at base and coarsely,
deeply dentellate, in the female larger and broader, feebly and finely dentel-
late, broadly rounded and almost entire toward apex, feebly narrowed at base;
crest abrupt, strong, limited throughout by a strongly elevated, acute and en-
tire ridge. /lytra distinctly less than twice as long as wide, twice as wide as
the prothorax, broadly rounded behind in both sexes, the sides parallel and
almost evenly arcuate throughout; humeral impression very feeble, the
scutellar wanting; disk densely, deeply and rather coarsely punctate, the de-
cumbent pubescence coarse, whitish, moderately dense, the erect set long,
very abundant, coarse and conspicuous. Under surface densely pubescent as
usual. Length 2.7-3.5 mm.; width 1.0-1.15 mm.

Arizona (Tucson).
This is a well marked species of the monodon group, easily dis-

768 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

tinguished by its coarse elytral punctures, hispid appearance and
coloration. It is represented by four specimens.

N. constrictus.—Moderately stout, scarcely shining, pale ochreo-testa-
ceous throughout, the head frequently, the abdomen seldom, darker; elytra
fasciate. Head equal in width to the prothorax, narrower in the female, mi-
nutely punctate, reticulate, densely pubescent and dull; eyes large, longer
than the tempora; antennze somewhat slender, moderate in length. Prothorax
subglobular, slightly wider than long, the sides oblique and sinuate behind;
disk rather coarsely, closely punctate, densely and coarsely pubescent; horn
well developed, similar in the sexes, somewhat coarsely and deeply crenulate,
broadly rounded and entire for a short distance at apex, widely dilated,
strongly constricted at base, the crest broad, abruptly elevated, broadly rounded
at apex and strongly defined throughout the sides and apex by an elevated
black and entire ridge. Llytra a little less than twice as long as wide, dis-
tinctly dilated at apical third and three-fourths wider than the prothorax,
evenly rounded at apex, a little more broadly so in the male, the humeral im-
pression very feeble; disk densely and rather coarsely punctate, densely
clothed with coarse yellowish pubescence, the erect setze somewhat long, coarse,
numerous and conspicuous. Under surface densely and rather coarsely pubes-
cent. Length 2.5-3.5 mm.; width 0.95-1.2 mm.

California (coast regions).

The sexual differences at the posterior extremity of the body
are almost completely undeveloped, and exist only in the slightly
more truncate elytra of the male. This species, which is repre-
sented by a large series, has been heretofore almost universally
confounded with the eastern monodon, which it strikingly resem-
bles in facies. It is however widely and constantly distinct in
the form of the thoracic process, as may be seen at a glance if
the separated series be even casually examined. The elytral mac.
ulation is nearly as in monodon, except that the subapical black
cloud on each elytron, which is almost constantly present in that
Species, is here quite as constantly absent. In the vicinity of
San Diego there is, however, a variety of constrictus which has
the lateral and subapical dark patches frequently visible, and the
thoracic punctures a little finer and sparser, agreeing rigorously
with the northern forms in the structure of the thoracic process,
except possibly that it is a little more pointed as a rule.

N. robustus.—Very stout, dull from the density of the vestiture, pale
ochreo-testaceous throughout, each elytron with a large rounded scutellar spot
and a transverse fascia at apical third, abruptly interrupted very near the
suture, but prolonged narrowly along the latter slightly beyond the middle.
Head very much smaller than the prothorax, finely, closely punctate but shin-

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 769

ing through the close yellowish vestiture, having a long row of asperities at
each side a little above the eyes, the latter moderate, about equal in length to
the tempora; antennz slender, scarcely at all incrassate and but little longer
than the head and prothorax. Prothorax transversely oval, oblique and sinu-
ate near the base, the tomentose line moderately wide at the sides; disk finely
but strongly, rather closely punctate, the vestiture long, coarse and abundant;
horn well developed, broad, parallel, rounded at apex, not noticeably nar-
rowed at base and strongly crenate, the teeth very coarse toward tip; crest
strongly elevated, defined by a strongly elevated and somewhat uneven mar-
ginal line. £/ytra three-fourths longer than wide, two-thirds wider than the
prothorax, the sides parallel and nearly straight to apical two-fifths, then
gradually oblique and broadly rounded to the inwardly oblique apical trunca-
ture; humeral impression subobsolete; disk finely, densely punctate but
somewhat shining, the vestiture dense, moderately long, not very coarse, the
erect setze long, coarse and abundant. Length 5.0 mm.; width 1.6 mm.

California (Lake and Los Angeles Cos.).

This is the largest and stoutest species of the genus within our
boundaries, and is somewhat similar in facies to some of the rel-
atives of monodon, but is very distinct by reason of the truncate
tips of the elytra in the male. The male type described above is
from Lake Co., but the female before me from Los Angeles is
similar throughout, except that the thoracic process is broadly
dilated, rounded, and strongly constricted at base, and the elytra
have, at each side just behind the humeri, an inwardly and pos-
teriorly oblique dash of black. The male has the fifth ventral
truncate at tip, with its surface broadly flattened near the trunca-
ture.

From serratus, to which it is allied more closely than any
other described species, robustus may be distinguished at a glance
by its larger size and stouter form, more strongly constricted
thoracic process of the female, longer and narrower crest, and in
peculiarities of elytral ornamentation. In serratus the thoracic
crest is very short.

N. alamedz.—Stout, convex, rather shining, testaceous, the head
darker, the elytra with a subsutural spot on each at basal fifth, and a trans-
verse, very uneven and widely interrupted fascia at apical third, which is
obliquely, more or less incompletely and indistinctly prolonged to the suture
just before the middle, of black. Head scarcely in the male, very distinctly
in the female, narrower than the prothorax, finely pubescent, the eyes moder-
ate, prominent, not quite as long as the tempora; antennz long, slender,
gradually and distinctly incrassate, fully two-fifths as long as the body. Pro-
thorax distinctly transverse and oval in both sexes, finely, not very closely
punctate, coarsely pubescent, the tomentose line almost equal in width

770 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

throughout; horn differing greatly in the sexes, strongly, closely, moderately
coarsely and evenly dentellate throughout, broadly rounded, expanded,
strongly constricted at base, narrow in the male, very broadly patellate in the
female; crest very long, narrow, defined at the sides by a strongly crenulate
raised line, undefined at apex. lytra twice as long as wide, rather less in the
female, somewhat oval and convex, the sides parallel and feebly, equally
arcuate, obtusely rounded behind, narrowly and obliquely truncate in the
male; humeral impression feeble; punctures not coarse but strong, moderately
distant; decumbent pubescence rather short, but somewhat coarse and close;
erect setee long but fine, sparse and inconspicuous. Length 2.9-3.4 mm. ;
width 1.0-1.4 mm.

California (Alameda Co.).

The peculiar oval convex form of the elytra, and departure
from the usual type of ornamentation will readily distinguish this
species from serratus and robustus, to which it is somewhat re-
lated. It is smaller than serratus, with a much longer, narrower
and more ill-defined thoracic crest and shorter, more oval and
convex elytra. The female is much stouter than the male. It is
represented by three specimens.

N. pictus.—Narrow, elongate and parallel, rather dull, piceo-testaceous,
black beneath, the legs and antenn pale; elytra with the markings piceous
the large scutellar spot frequently obsolete, the anterior fascia occasionally
disintegrated into two large sublateral spots and an elongate and more pos-
terior sutural area, the latter always joining the transverse post-median fascia;
apices always pale. Head small, much smaller than the prothorax, the pol-
ished surface not much concealed by the moderately dense vestiture; eyes
moderate, about as long as the tempora; antennz long and slender, about two-
fifths as long as the body. Prothorax transversely oval, finely, not very densely
punctate, polished, coarsely, somewhat sparsely pubescent, the tomentose line
very widely and completely interrupted; horn long, narrow, not distinctly
dentellate, parallel, rounded at apex, not at all constricted, the surface deeply
concave and coarsely reticulate, the crest abrupt, elevated, very short, rounded
at apex and defined throughout by an elevated and entire margin. £lytra
elongate, distinctly more than twice as long as wide, one-half wider than the
prothorax, the sides parallel and nearly straight, gradually rounded behind in
apical third to the feebly oblique apical truncature, which is defined by a small
dentiform projection; humeral impression distinct, the others wholly obsolete;
disk finely, closely punctate, the vestiture moderate in length but rather coarse
and dense as usual, assuming tints nearly corresponding to the ground color;
erect setee somewhat short, sparse and not very conspicuous. Length 3.6-3.8
mm.; width 1.15 mm.

Washington State.
The description refers to the male, and this sex has, in addi-
tion, the fifth ventral sinuato-truncate in the middle at apex, the

Coleopterological Notices, VI. | lag

adjoining surface scarcely at all modified. The female differs
somewhat, having the thoracic process slightly wider and just
noticeably narrowed at base, the elytra barely twice as long as
wide and very broadly and obtusely rounded behind, and the
elytral maculation paler and more suffused. In some of. its
characters pictus recalls serratus, the anterior fascia being a
coalescent variation of the short dashes of that species, but the
elongate, parallel elytra and non-dentellate thoracic process will
always readily distinguish it. It is difficult to understand how
such a conspicuous form as this could so long have been over-
looked ; it is represented in my cabinet by five individuals.

MECYNOTARSUS Laf.

The differences between this genus and Notoxus are very radi-
cal, in spite of the general similarity of facies and possession of
the pronotal process, which is so eminently characteristic of the
latter; in Mecynotarsus it is even more elaborately developed
than in Notoxus. But in Mecynotarsus the tarsi are extremely
Tong and filiform, with the penultimate joint cylindrical and un-
modified. The body is always small and of elegant form, and the
upper surface is devoid of the erect tactile setz so evident in
Notoxus. Our species may be known by the following charac-
ters, elegans differing almost subgenerically from the first three :—
Upper surface clothed with fine sericeous pubescence; eyes large; antennz

very slender; thoracic horn finely and closely crenulate.

Elytra devoid of median darker area. Atlantic Coast.

Prothorax broadly rounded throughout at the sides, widest scarcely behind
the middle; elytra very nearly twiceas long as wide. Length 2.0 mm.

candidus Lee.
Prothorax widest and prominently rounded at the sides behind the mid-

dle; elytra three-fourths longer than wide............. flavicams n. sp.
Elytra pale testaceous, with a common sutural piceous cloud. Yuma, Cal.
Wem oth) 2. ogee crotessesdedsiccieedaeseencvescnncsepeseasac delicatulus Horn

Upper surface clothed with elongate parallel and decumbent scales, which are
white on the elytra, with a conspicuous pattern of black; eyes small; legs
and antennz much shorter and stouter; thoracic horn less broad, with large
distant, abrupt and quadrate marginal teeth...................+ elegans Lec.

The first two species and probably also the third, have the pro- _
notum finely, deeply channeled along the posterior margin, the
surface thence rapidly ascending to the general level and bearing

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., VIII, Nov., 1895.—52

112 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

four minute setigerous tubercles, the two median more approxi-
mate and limiting a feeble depression, which is relatively much
narrower in flavicans than in the more slender candidus.

M. flavicans.—Elongate-oval, convex, alutaceous, pale albido-flavate
throughout, the eyes deep black and very conspicuous; vestiture very short,
dense and closely decumbent giving a whitish bloom. Head longer than wide,
broadly and very feebly concave, finely, closely punctate; eyes large, convex
and prominent, at much less than their own length from the hase; antennz
slender, filiform, nearly two-thirds as long as the body. Prothorax wider than
long, very much wider than the head, convex, subangularly rounded at the
sides behind the middle; base two-thirds as wide as the disk; horn large,
longer than wide, narrowly parabolic in outline, feebly constricted at the im-
mediate base; edges rather finely crenulate; crest feebly elevated, narrow, de-
fined feebly by detached elongated tubercles. £lytra three-fourths longer than
wide, barely two-thirds wider than the prothorax, parallel and nearly straight
at the sides, arcuately narrowed and obtusely parabolic in apical third, with a
broadly cuspiform sutural notch; humeri rounded; disk minutely, very
densely punctate like the pronotum. Under surface minutely, densely punc-
tate and pubescent, dull, the legs rather long, slender. Length 2.25 mm.;
width 0.8 mm.

New Jersey (nearly opposite Philadelphia).

The fifth ventral of the male has a rounded and rather deep
impression, which is larger and stronger than the homologous im-
pression of candidus. Flavicans isa larger and evidently stouter
species than candidus, and may be readily distinguished by the
prominent sides of the prothorax.

XYLOPHILIN®.

The heterogeneous comporents of this subfamily, while bound
to the Anthicine by certain characteristics of facies, differ very
radically in tarsal and abdominal structure, and also in the form
of the labial palpi as indicated in the table previously given. The
species are all small and generally quite minute, but the profound
structural differences of the genera lends great interest to them
from a morphological standpoint. The species of the various
genera adhere closely in general appearance to the type form, and
will prove to be rather numerous. They are, however, quite rare
in cabinets at present, chiefly because no systematic methods
have been pursued in collecting them, the only exception to this
known to me being the cabinet of Messrs. Hubbard and Schwarz,
which contains good series of many species, carefully collected

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 173

in Florida, in which region they seem to particularly abound.
There are, however, also a large number of northern Atlantic
species, but only a single one is known at present from the Pacific
coast. A considerable number of Mexican species have been re-
cently described by Mr. Champion.

I have no hesitation whatever in separating our species into
numerous genera, the generic characters being as pronounced as
in almost any other group of Coleoptera, but as the types of
Xylophilus, Euglenes and other of the older genera are unknown
to me at present, I am forced to give them all distinct names, the
probability being that none of them will prove entirely identical
with any hitherto described.* These genera are the following :—

Muzzle not prolonged before the point of antennal insertion...................... 2
Mizzlesprolonced body, very Mamnuihec....c.1ccrecesze sc cautor nase semececeon mesceeees 11
2— Head constricted at base; epistomal suture deep and distinct.................. 3
EAM EN OM CONSUr CLEME abeOaSCrr qisacccatess ons scinceeleetecenac shaceuaee nae nocd dae eeneecseeros 10
Basal joimb of the hind tarsi very love. 5.02 sedese-scesecdscc tegadedece acsseces eet 4
Basal joint of the hind tarsi short, much shorter than the remainder............ 9
ESB yes Ce pl yeMmar GUN ALE scone. ciclcs sa cls nectc cwisien'nis anieiseistinees seule se couch coaceaconco¥e 5

‘Eyes feebly or moderately emarginate, the notch sometimes almost obsolete...6
#—Head deeply sinuate at base; antennze thick and subcylindrical, the second
joint obliquely truncate; vestiture short, matted and duplex... Elonus
Head truncate at base; vestiture long, stiff and simple.
Antenne inserted within the eye on the emarginating canthus, strongly

flabellate in the male, not observed in the female............. Emelinus
Antenne simple in both sexes, inserted just without the eyes, which are
SENET VA TO bE SOMANO ES. cece oe jatecian ce eciseemiceidegeeariiecielte sees Zonantes
6—Prothorax not prominent at the sides; eyes more or less coarsely faceted as
WSU lens dcteaitenteeesosesadeisririnsc toseca hese nseee Seasitscslels sewaGoastcan decndessacuedaecnec cee a
Prothorax angulate and prominent at the sides anteriorly.................::0..e00 8
‘7—Second and third antennal joints small...............:scsceeeeeeeees Phomalus

Third antennal joint elongate.
Prothorax as wide as the head; last antennal joint abruptly enlarged.
Ariotus

* In general neatness of appearance, diversity of structure and individual
rarity the Xylophiline may be fancied to bear much the same general rela-
tion to the other Anthicidee that the Eucneminz bear to the rest of the Elater-
idz, and the weights of the two subfamilies, with regard to the remainder of
their respective families, are about equal. The ratio of species to genera among
our representatives of Xylophilinz is at present nearly 3, while among the
Eucnemine it is only about 2.5, and even in the Cerambycide it is not quite
3.5. The absolute value of the generic differences I hold to be about equal in
the three cases.

TT4 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

Prothorax narrower than the head.
Body stout as in Zonantes, black with pale spots......... Pseudariotus
Body elongate as in Ariotus, black or piceous, without spots.
Antenne gradually and generally feebly incrassate.......... Vanonus
Antenne terminating in an abrupt parallel and five-jointed club.
Tanilotes
S— Eyes finely faceted; body minutely, densely pruinose............ Scanylus
9—FEyes coarsely faceted and completely unemarginate.................. Cnopus
10—Suture between the first two amalgamated segments of the abdomen dis-
tinct throughout the width; two basal joints of the antennz smaller,
subequal and stouter than the following.
Epistomal suture fine but distinct; body stout, the antennze short; pro-

thorax wider than, thevhead so secc---..cceoeceeesere serene ne-eusccecs Ganascus
Epistomal suture completely obsolete; antennz very long, filiform and
cylindrical; prothorax narrower than the head..................... Sandytes

11—Fpistomal suture distinct; body stout, oval; thead not constricted at base;
antennze with the first two joints stout, the remainder very slender, con-
spicuously ciliate, slightly incrassate near the apex....... Axylophilus

ELONUS np. gen.

In this genus the body is oblong, moderately convex, opaque,
coarsely, densely sculptured and clothed with short confused
pubescence intermixed with longer and more erect hairs. The
head is deeply constricted and strongly sinuate at base, the
fourth joint of the maxillary palpi moderately large and in the
form of a right-angled triangle, and the last joint of the labial
very large, slightly transverse, suboval, truncate at apex and
deeply concave, with the surface minutely granulose and sensi-
tive beneath. The eyes are large, deeply emarginate, coarsely
faceted, conspicuously pilose and distant from the base; antennze
long, more or less thick, cylindrical and roughly sculptured, with
the second joint transverse, short, as wide as the first but wider
than the third and obliquely truncate at base, the last joint
obliquely pointed or bent.

The middle cox are well separated, the posterior subcontigu-
ous, the basal process of the abdomen rather acute, the basal seg-
ment of the latter having the dividing suture visible in the mid-
dle very near the base and almost tangent to the acetabula. The
posterior tibiz are devoid of terminal spurs, but have instead a
terminal tuft of yellow sete externally ; the basal joint of the
hind tarsi is extremely long, bent toward base and finely subcari-
nate beneath.

Coleopterological Notices, VI. T15

The male sexual characters are extraordinarily developed, and
affect principally the entire surface of the abdomen and the pos-
terior legs. The basal segment of the abdomen is impressed and
more densely pubescent near each side of the body, apparently
in both sexes. The pronotum is evenly convex, not at all im-
pressed at any point, and is narrowed in front. The epistomal
suture is very coarse and deep. The three species known to me
may be recognized as follows :—

Short pubescence of the elytra not forming a median fascia but more or less
condensed along the suture.
Front very densely punctate and granulose; epistoma densely pubescent;
eyes separated by their own width; body large and stout...1. primceps
Front sparsely punctate and with scattered minute, acutely elevated gran-
ules; epistoma smooth, with a few remote and feeble granules; eyes much
more approximate on the vertex, separated by scarcely three-fourths of
their own width; body smaller and narrowet...................-+ 2. basalis
Short and pale pubescence forming a faint zigzag median fascia and an apical
spot; last antennal joint elongate and bent, at least in the male; eyes still
MON MMATE OWL ASG PALAU octane aaclecinesiseacinelaceeias(sicscimeonsieleeleciesis 3. nebulosus

The elytral punctures in this genus are not only coarse but
very deep, and their floors are flat and highly polished.

1. E. princeps n. sp.—Oblong, convex, dull, brownish-black throughout,
the tarsi, palpi and base of the elytra, more broadly at the sides, pale testa-
ceous; pubescence short, moderately dense, the short hairs strongly condensed
along the elytral suture. Head wider than long, thick, convex, very densely
punctate and granulose, the antennz thick, fully two-fifths as long as the
body, gradually incrassate from the third joint, the joints feebly obconical,
separated and perfoliate, transverse toward apex, the eleventh oblique and not
quite as long as the preceding two together. Prothorax distinctly narrower
than the head, a little wider than long; sides parallel and nearly straight in
basal half, then strongly convergent to the arcuate apex, which is scarcely
more than two-thirds as wide as the base, the latter very feebly arcuate; disk
evenly, moderately convex, densely sculptured like the head, each puncture
with an attached setiferous tubercle. Scutellum large, triangular, narrowly
truncate at apex. Elytra two-thirds longer than wide, not quite twice as wide
as the prothorax, parallel and nearly straight throughout at the sides, broadly
but evenly rounded at apex, the humeri narrowly rounded, well exposed at
base; disk feebly impressed at each side of the suture throughout the length,
also feebly so within the humeri, the punctures very coarse, deep and dense.
Abdomen finely, moderately closely punctate, finely pubescent, the legs com-
paratively short, not very stout. Length 3.0mm.; width 1.25 mm.

Canada (Ottawa).
The type is a female, taken at the indicated locality by “ W.

-T
1
ror)

Coleopterological Notices, VI.

H. H.”, and very kindly given to me by Mr. Wickham. It is one
of the largest known species of the subfamily.

2. E. basalis Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1855, p. 276 (Xylo-
philus ?).

Color and sculpture as in the preceding, the basal pale space
of the elytra large at the humeri, but only faintly extending
across the scutellum, the latter more broadly truncate; pubes-
cence more narrowly and indistinctly condensed along the elytral
suture. Head transverse, the eyes at fully three-fourths of their
own length from the base, and about as prominent as the tem-
pora, the latter rounded ; antenne nearly one-half as long as the
body, the tenth joint transverse, the eleventh short, conoidal,
much shorter than the two preceding. Prothorax much narrower
than the head, fully as long as wide, otherwise as in princeps.
Elytra nearly three-fourths longer than wide, fully twice as wide
as the prothorax, feebly impressed along the suture, very coarsely,
deeply and densely ecribrate. Length 2.8 mm.; width 1.0 mm.

Virginia and Illinois,—LeConte. This species is also represented
in my cabinet by a single female, and is rather closely allied to
princeps, differing in its narrower form, more elongate and less
robust antennee, which are more rapidly and apically incrassate,
in its much less widely separated eyes, and other characters. In
the male of both species the apical joint of the antenne is prob-
ably much more elongate.

3. E. nebulosus Lec.—Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 1875, p. 175 ( Xylophilus).

Moderately stout, convex, opaque, black, the abdomen and
elytra brown, the latter slightly paler at base; tarsi and palpi
pale ; pubescence moderately dense, the longer hairs of the elytra
moderate in length. Head transverse, the eyes very large, more
prominent than the tempora, distant from the base and separated
by scarcely one-third of their own width; antenne three-fifths
as long as the body, moderately stout, feebly incrassate toward
apex, the eleventh joint long, cylindrical, obtusely and obliquely
pointed, bent and distinctly longer than the two preceding, the
tenth fully as long as wide. Prothorax about as long as wide,
only very slightly narrower than the head, narrowed in apical
half, the arcuate apex scarcely more than three-fifths as wide as
the base. Elytra two-thirds longer than wide, twice as wide as
the prothorax, parallel, obtusely rounded at apex, broadly, feebly

Coleopterological Notices, VI. cb

impressed along the suture toward base, rather strongly and more
narrowly impressed within the humeri, the impression extending
somewhat obliquely to near the middle of each elytron; punc-
tures very coarse, deep and close-set but not so dense as in prin-
ceps. Length 2.0-2.3 mm.; width 0.8-1.0 mm.

Pennsylvania. The two specimens before me are males, and I
have not seen the female. Theabdomen in the male is thrown up
in a broad flat central region, involving the first three segments,
the elevation gradually becoming free, porrect and laminate
toward the apex, which is truncate, extending slightly over the
fourth segment, the latter being deeply and transversely exca-
vated. The hind thighs are greatly dilated, clothed on the inner
face with short and extremely dense brown pubescence, with a
subbasal excavation which is more finely pubescent, the hind
tibiz, and the intermediate to a less degree, arcuate, becom-
ing slightly thicker toward tip. The corneous sheath of the in-
tromittant organ is long, slender and very finely pointed. It is
probable that the female has the eyes less approximate and the
terminal joint of the antenne shorter. There are few species of
Coleoptera having more radical and remarkable sexual characters
than this.

The surface of the head and pronotum is densely opaque, the
punctures being extremely deep and ciosely, polygonally crowded,
not intermixed with tubercles, as they are in princeps and basalis.

EMELINUWS np. gen.

The two species separated under this name have the eyes large,
subbasal, emarginate through about two-thirds of their length,
coarsely faceted, coarsely and sparsely pilose, with the antennz
inserted on the canthus, the third joint of the latter much elon-
gated and the succeeding joints flabellate in the male. The base
of the head exhibits no sign of the deep median sinus of Elonus,
and the sculpture and vestiture of the body are quite different.
The epistomal suture is much less coarse, the terminal joint of
the maxillary palpi nearly similar but the last joint of the labial
is auriculate, transverse, pointed within, with the edges of the deep-
ly concave lower surface pilose. The middle cox are more
narrowly separated than in Elonus, and the dividing suture of the
first abdominal segment is very strong throughout the width at
some distance behind the cox. ‘The posterior tibiz are obliquely

T78 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

truneate at tip, with a few stiff terminal sete externally which
scarcely have the nature of spurs; the basal joint of the tarsi is
very long and slightly bent toward base. In the male the hind
legs are much longer and proportionally a little stouter than the
others, but there are apparently no striking abdominal or crural
sexual characters. The species may be known as follows :—

Eyes separated by fully one-third of their own width...... 1. melIsheimeri
Eyes extremely large, subcontiguous; surface of the head and pronotum more
OPAQUC ccc deos onc ceebect ac nai cantube sess ei ERee. San chhe coate anne een ae 2. aShmeadi

These species are each represented in my cabinet by a single
male only.

1. E. melsheimeri Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1855, p. 275
( Xylophilus).

Rather slender, polished, black, the abdomen and elytra pale,
the latter with three uneven nubilate fasciz of blackish ; legs pale,
the intermediate somewhat, and the posterior much, darker; an-
tenne pale, the appendages and also the eleventh joint blackish.
Head finely and sparsely punctate, polished and not in the least
reticulate, the punctures becoming slightly tuberculiform near
the eyes; antennz two-thirds as long as the body. Prothorax
much narrower than the head, about as long as wide, the sides
parallel, subparabolically rounded in apical third, broadly arcu-
ato-truneate at base; disk strongly, somewhat closely and sub-
tubercularly punctate, not impressed. Secutellum rather narrow,
truneate at tip. Elytra three-fourths longer than wide, twice as
wide as the prothorax, distinctly and arcuately swollen behind
and a little wider than at base, evenly and not broadly rounded
at apex ; humeri not broadly exposed at base ; disk narrowly im-
pressed at each side of the suture, especially toward base ; omo-
plates feeble; punctures very coarse, deep, close-set but not
crowded, with the floors flat and polished. Length 1.9 mm.;
width 0.7 mm.

Illinoisand Pennsylvania,—LeConte. The pubescence is coarse,
subdecumbent, cinereous, moderately long and sparse and some-
what conspicuous.

2. E. ashmeadii n. sp.—Moderately slender and convex, dull, blackish
beneath, the legs and abdomen paler; upper surface dark rufo-ferruginous, the
elytra paler; pronotum feebly nubilate with blackish, the elytra with three
narrow blackish and uneven fasci, the flanks also black except toward apex;

Coleopterological Notices, VI. T79

antennz pale throughout, except the basal joint which is piceous-black; vesti-
ture moderate and subeven in length, subdecumbent, rather dense, very coarse
and silvery in the pale elytral areas, finer and brownish in the darker spots
and fasciz. Head transverse, the eyes occupying virtually the entire surface
as seen vertically, except a triangular median area at base, which is very
densely punctate and opaque; antennz three-fifths as long as the body. Pro-
thorax much narrower than the head, scarcely as long as wide, the sides par-
allel and straight in basal two-thirds, then strongly oblique to the rounded
apex, which is scarcely three-fifths as wide as the base; disk not impressed, very
densely, subtubercularly punctate and opaque, the pubescence very coarse and
silvery in a large median area toward base and also at the sides. Elytra nearly
as in melsheimeri, but much more densely punctate and duller, the blackish
spots and zigzag fasciz much better defined; omoplates evident. Abdomen
rather finely but strongly and somewhat densely punctate, the legs rather
long. Length 2.1 mm.; width 0.8 mm.

Florida (St. Nicholas).

Differs greatly from melsheimeri in its much larger eyes,
denser sculpture and more variegated pubescence. The antennz
in both of these species become discontinuous in direction from
the apex of the third joint, each joint after the third to the tenth
bearing a very long slender pilose internal ramus, and gradually
becoming longer and thinner in form, the eleventh very much
longer, constituting by itself the outermost ramus of the flabel-
lum. and having a remarkable knob-like enlargement near its
apex which is much larger and more noticeable in ashmeadi.

I have dedicated this interesting species to Mr. W. H. Ashmead
of Washington, the well known student of parasitic Hymenoptera,
to whom I am indebted for the unique type.

ZONANTES n. gen.

This genus is rather closely allied to Emelinus, but differs in
having the suture dividing the basal segment of the abdomen
completely obsolete toward the middle and only feebly indicated
at the sides, in the smaller and normal punctures, in the trans-
versely parallelogramic prothorax which is subequal in width to
the head, in the generally shorter, more oval and convex form of
the body, and in the simple antennz of both sexes. The eyes are
large, coarsely faceted. coarsely and sparsely pilose, deeply, sub-
angularly emarginate and generally at a slight distance from the
base, the tempora being much less prominent and rectangular.
The epistomal suture is rather fine, the fourth joint of the maxil-

780 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

lary palpi somewhat more than right-angled, the terminal joint of
the labial nearly as in Emelinus. The antenne are moderate in
length, somewhat slender, with the third joint moderate in length,
the eleventh swollen at the middle and very obliquely pointed.
Tibi truncate, with a slender setiform internal spur at apex.

The eight species known thus far may be distinguished as fol-
lows :—

Elytra each with a submedian spot of black and another between basal third
and fourth, the two generally united at the sides.................. 1. nubifer
Elytra with a narrow dark median fascia widely interrupted at the suture,
generally without trace of a scutellar spot; small species.
Median fascia very narrow and strongly oblique, usually resolved into two
small spots on each elytron; head pale..................+sesee0« 2. Signatus
Median fascia wider and transverse; head blackish....... 3. Subfasciatus
Elytra with a broad median fascia of black, not interrupted at the suture ;
larger species.
Fascia broadly produced posteriorly along the suture for a short distance.

Legs pale flavo-testaceous throughout..............s.0cceeeee ees 4. hubbardi
Legs in great part black; body stouter.....................000. 5. Sschwarzi
Fascia not at all produced posteriorly; antennie pale flavo-testaceous

throughout.
Dorsal pygidial plate of the female with four lamellate teeth on the in-
ner surface at apex; scutellum large................./..--.-- 6. fasciatus

Dorsal plate with three teeth in the female; scutellum relatively small.
7. tricuspis
Elytra and entire body piceous-black throughout.............:.c.cceceeeeeees 8. ater

The sexual characters are quite feeble throughout, and affect
principally the hind femora and antennz, the former being some-
what thicker in the male, but without a dense internal pad of pu-
bescence, and the latter slightly shorter and thicker in that sex.
The elytral punctures, though generally rather coarse, are always
simple and impressed, and do not have the flat polished floors ob-
served in Emelinus.

1. Z. mubifer Lec.—Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XVII, 1878, p. 425 ( Xylophi-
lus).

Somewhat elongate, subparallel and feebly convex, the surface
polished, black, the elytra pale, luteous, each bimaculate with
black; femora blackish, the tibize and tarsi pale; antennz pale
flavo-testaceous, the basal joint blackish; vestiture rather long,
even, inclined and stiff but not very dense. Head rather small, trans-
verse, finely, not densely punctate; eyes larger than usual, sepa-

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 781

rated by scarcely more than two-fifths of their own width; an-
tenne slender, three-fifths as long as the body, the terminal joint
about as long as the two preceding and notably stouter, obcon-
ical at base, obliquely and finely, conically pointed at apex. Pro-
thorax slightly narrower than the head, one-fourth wider than
long, the sides parallel and nearly straight, apex broadly, evenly
arcuate and as wide as the base; disk not impressed, strongly
and somewhat closely punctate. Elytra scarcely more than one-
half longer than wide, three-fourths wider than the prothorax,
parallel and nearly straight at the sides, broadly, circularly
rounded at apex; humeri well exposed; disk with a broad de-
pression extending obliquely from within each humerus to beyond
the middle, gradually becoming obsolete ; punctures rather coarse,
deep and close-set. Length 2.1 mm.; width 0.85 mm.

Florida (Enterprise and Crescent City). The single specimen
before me appears to be a male, but the hind femora are only
moderately swollen and bent upward.

2. Z.Sigmatus Hald.—Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 2, I, p. 97 (Eu-
glenes); Lec.: Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1855, p. 276 (-Xylophilus).

Rather elongate and feebly convex, polished, pale testaceous
throughout, each elytron with a small spot at the middle of the
base, another at the middle at outer third, and another at apical
third near the suture, of black, the two last probably connected
to form an oblique fascia in some specimens; pubescence rather
long, coarse and inclined, not dense. Head transverse, finely,
not densely punctate, the eyes large, separated by about three-
fourths of their own width; antenne three-fifths as long as the
body, somewhat slender, feebly incrassate near the tip, the last
joint obliquely pointed. Prothorax large, parallel and straight
at the sides, nearly as wide as the head and almost one-third
wider than long, broadly rounded at apex; disk feebly uneven,
slightly impressed along the median line, strongly and rather
closely punctate. Scutellum large, truncate at apex. Elytra
three-fifths longer than wide, three-fourths wider than the pro-
thorax, parallel and nearly straight in basal two-thirds, thence
gradually narrowed and rounded; humeri narrowly exposed; disk
broadly, obliquely impressed from within the humeri to beyond
the middle, also impressed at the suture near the apex, coarsely
and closely punctate. Abdomen rather sparsely punctured.
Length 1.5 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

782 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

South Carolina. The specimen described above is probably a
male, but the sexual characters are very feeble, the hind femora
being scarcely at all dilated. This is the smallest species of the
genus, but is more allied to nubifer than to any other.

3. Z. Subfasciatus Lec.—Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 1875, p. 176 (Xylo-
philus).

Rather stout and convex, suboval, polished, pale flavo-testa-
ceous throughout, except the head, which is piceous-black and a
transverse interrupted submedian fascia, slightly dilated at the
sides, of black; pubescence long, coarse and conspicuous. Head
transverse, finely, sparsely punctate, the eyes large, separated by
about three-fourths of their own width; antenne slender, filiform,
slightly incrassate near the apex, one-half as long as the body in
the male, perceptibly shorter and stouter in the female. Pro-
thorax slightly narrower than the head, parallel, fully one-third
wider than long, broadly arcuate at apex; disk convex, scarcely
uneven, very broadly and obsoletely impressed along the median
line, strongly but not very closely punctate. Scutellum very large,
broadly triangular, narrowly truncate and feebly bidentate at
apex. Elytra barely one-half longer than wide, nearly twice as
wide as the prothorax; sides parallel and broadly arcuate, nar-
rowed and rounded in apical third; disk somewhat convex, more
or less impressed along the suture especially near the apex, the
oblique impression from the humeri subobsolete ; punctures rather
coarse and deep but well separated. Under surface somewhat
coarsely but not densely punctate. Length 1.5-1.75 mm.; width
0.7-0.8 mm.

Rhode Island, District of Columbia and North Carolina (Ashe-
ville). This is one of the few species of the family which are at all
common; it is allied somewhat to signatus, but differs in its more
broadly oval form, subobsolete elytral impression and in colora-
tion.

4. Z. hubbardi n. sp.—Somewhat narrow, convex, polished, piceous-
black, the under surface pale, except the basal parts of the abdomen, which
are piceous; legs pale flavo-testaceous throughout; antennze black, piceo-testa-
ceous toward base, the apical joint testaceous; elytra pale flavo-testaceous
with a median black fascia as wide as one-fifth of the length, broadly pro-
longed posteriorly along the suture for a short distance; base also black except
at the tips of the humeri; pubescence long, coarse, not dense but conspicuous.
Head transverse, finely, not densely punctate, the eyes large, separated by

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 783

only slightly more than one-third of their width; antennz slender, filiform,
not at all incrassate, one-half as long as the body, the last joint much thicker,
swollen at the middle, obliquely pointed and distinctly longer than the two
preceding. Prothorax distinctly narrower than the head, only slightly wider
than long, parallel and straight at the sides, broadly arcuate at apex, faintly
impressed along the median line toward base and apex, strongly and rather
closely punctured. Scutellum large, broadly triangular, narrowly truncate at
tip. Elytra one-half longer than wide, about twice as wide as the prothorax,
parallel and feebly arcuate at the sides, gradually narrowed and not very
broadly rounded in apical third; disk broadly, very feebly impressed within
the humeri, the impression traceable obliquely for some distance from the
base; punctures strong but well separated. Length 2.1 mm.; width 0.8 mm.

District of Columbia. Hubbard and Schwarz.

The single type is a male having the slender apex of the cedeagus
protruded, but the sexual characters are not very pronounced, the
fourth ventral being perfectly simple, unmodified on the disk and
only slightly longer than the third, the hind femora moderately
inflated. It is probable that the female has the last joint of the
antenn less swollen and distorted.

5. Z. schwarzi n. sp.—Resembles the preceding, but differs in its
broader form and shorter elytra. Head transverse, the eyes large; antennie
moderately thick and of the usual length. Prothorax transversely subquad-
rate, strongly punctate. lytra scarcely two-fifths longer than wide, parallel
and just visibly arcuate at the sides, narrowed in apical third, the apex rather
narrowly rounded; intra-humeral impression extending obliquely and quite
distinctly almost to the middle; punctures somewhat coarse, moderately close,
becoming toward finer apex. Length 2.2 mm.; width 0.9 mm.

Florida ( Biscayne Bay ). Hubbard and Schwarz.

The under surface is dark brownish-rufous throughout, the
elytra paler, rufo-testaceous, with a transverse median fascia of
black which is more than one-third as wide as the total length,
broadly produced posteriorly along the suture for a short dis-
tance ; each elytron also has a small black spot at the middle of
the base; the legs are black, the femora picescent at base, the
tibize paler toward base and apex, and the tarsi pale. The pubes-
cence is long and distinct.

This species is represented in my cabinet by a single male ex-
ample.

6. Z. fasciatus Melsh.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., III, p. 55; Lee.:
I. ¢., 1855, p. 276 (Xylophilus); Hald.: Journ. Acad., Phila., 2, I, p. 97
(Euglenes).

184 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

Stout, suboval, convex, polished, black, the legs, tip of abdomen,
palpi and antenne throughout pale flavo-testaceous ; elytra black,
with a large humeral spot on each and the apical fourth of both
pale testaceous ; pubescence long, rather coarse, conspicuous but
not dense. Head transverse, finely, sparsely punctate ; eyes some-
what large, separated by very nearly their own width; antenne
rather more than two-fifths as long as the body, moderately stout,
very feebly incrassate near the apex, the tenth joint not as long
as wide, eleventh rather small, much shorter than the two preced-
ing, obliquely pointed as usual. Prothorax fully as wide as the
head, transverse, parallel, the apex very broadly arcuate; disk
feebly impressed along the median line, finely, sparsely punctate.
Elytra two-fifths longer than wide, parallel and slightly arcuate
at the sides, broadly rounded at apex; humeri somewhat widely
exposed at base, rounded; disk convex, even, very feebly im-
pressed near the base within the humeri, rather coarsely but not
densely punctate, finely so toward apex. Abdomen polished,
finely and not densely punctured. Hind femora rather stout.
Length 2.2 mm.; width 1.0 mm.

Pennsylvania. The single specimen, which I took near Phila-
delphia, appears, from the small portion of the genital apparatus
protruding, to be a female ; the fourth ventral has a rounded deep
and foraminiform central fovea, from which a stout seta projects
obliquely ; the fourth ventral is a little shorter than the two pre-
ceding together, broadly rounded or subtruncate at apex, and, on
its inner surface, there is a row of asperities along the apical
margin projecting inward; on the inner surface of the dorsal
plate there are four large lamelliform teeth at the middle of the
apex, also projecting inward; these, in conjunction with the
asperities of the lower plate, possibly form a kind of clasping ar-
rangement.

7. Z. tricuspis n. sp.—Rather stout, convex, elongate-oval, polished,
black, the abdominal apex, legs, palpi and antennz throughout pale flavo-testa-
ceous, elytra pale testaceous, with a broad black fascia extending from basal fourth
to apical third, prolonged narrowly along the suture, becoming expanded at the
base; pubescence long, coarse, inclined, conspicuous though rather sparse. Head
strongly transverse, evenly convex, somewhat finely, not densely punctate,
the eyes moderately large, separated by their own width; antennze about two-
fifths as long as the body, subcylindrical, gradually and almost imperceptibly
incrassate from the third joint to the apex, tenth as long as wide, eleventh not
as long as the two preceding. Prothorax fully as wide as the head, one-third

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 785

wider than long, parallel and straight at the sides, the apex broadly arcuate;
base broadly arcuato-truncate; disk feebly impressed along the median line
toward base, rather finely but strongly, not densely punctate. Scutellum
relatively small. Ev/ytra large and long, two-thirds longer than wide, nearly
twice as wide as the prothorax, parallel and broadly arcuate at the sides,
gradually narrowed and not very broadly rounded in apical third; humeri
widely rounded externally, well exposed at base; disk impressed at the suture
near the apex, the subhumeral impression very short and feeble; punctures
rather coarse but well separated, becoming gradually much smaller toward
apex. Abdomen finely, sparsely punctured, the legs somewhat long, the pos-
terior thighs moderately incrassate; basal joint of the hind tarsi very long and
gradually bent toward base as usual. Length 2.5 mm.; width 1.15 mm.

Towa (Iowa City). Mr. Wickham.

The two specimens serving as types are apparently females,
with the fourth ventral one-half longer than the third, and having
a rounded central setiferous foramen, the inner surface at apex
with a series of about twelve small setiferous spicules, which are
inwardly erect, the inner surface of the dorsal plate with three
large lamelliform teeth at the middle of the apical margin and
projecting inward.

This species is the largest of the genus, and, though allied
closely in general appearance to fasciatus, may be distinguished
by its more elongate elytra, smaller scutellum, larger size and
other characters.

8. Z. ater Lec.—Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 1875, p. 175 ( Xylophilus).

Piceous-black throughout, shining; pubescence long and con-
spicuous. Elytral punctures rather coarse, strong and close-set
throughout, separated by more than their own widths at basal
third, denser toward base, finer and sparser toward apex. Prono-
tum not impressed, convex; antenne thick, three-fourths as long
as the elytra. Length 2.38 mm.; width 0.85 mm.

Texas (Waco). Iam not at all sure of the generic position of
this species, the above hasty notes having been taken from the
unique type, which is now inaccessible. From an outline sketch
made at the same time, the eyes appear to be much smaller than
usual in this genus, and are at some distance from the base, and
the prothorax is gradually narrowed behind from near the apex,
which is also a character foreign to the other species.

PHOMALUS np. gen.
The small subequal second and third joints of the antenne will
readily distinguish the two members of this genus, and the fol-

786 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

lowing joints are somewhat stout, gradually and feebly incrassate,
the eleventh rather small and obliquely obtuse. The eyes are
large, very coarsely faceted, minutely and scarcely visibly setose,
and with a small but distinct rounded emargination ; they extend
very nearly to the base, and the occiput is strongly, transversely
arched and elevated; epistomal suture distinct; last joint of the
maxillary palpi right-angled, of the labial moderately dilated,
concave, densely spongy and also finely setose beneath. Pro-
thorax transverse, with the sides parallel. Scutellum moderate
in size, narrowly truncate and feebly bidentate at apex. Elytra
ample. Middle cox moderately separated, the posterior widely
separated by a broadly rounded abdominal projection. Legs mod-
erately slender, the posterior femora longer and thicker, finely
pubescent; tibize slender, without trace of terminal spurs; tarsi
rather short, the basal joint much elongated. Abdomen with
the basal segment very large, more than equalling the entire re-
mainder, with scarcely a trace of the dividing suture; second
distinctly longer than the third; fourth short in both sexes.
Vestiture of the body very short, decumbent, dense, consisting of
very minute, and longer and sparser hairs, intermingled.

This genus is quite distinct, and is the only one which occurs
in both the Atlantic and Pacific coast faunal regions. The
species may be known thus :—

Smaller and narrower, more opaque, the punctuation much denser; sides of
the prothorax not at all prominent behind the apex...1. Drunnipennis

Larger and more obese, more shining, much less densely and less evenly punc-
tate, the sides of the prothorax more angulate anteriorly...... 2. Sagimatus

The sexual characters are extremely feeble throughout.

1. P. brunnipennis Lec.—Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 1875, p. 176 ( Xylo-
philus).

Moderately stout, convex, opaque, dark red-brown throughout,
the head and posterior femora blackish, the pronotum piceous;
pubescence short, dense, cinereous and decumbent. Head trans-
verse, convex, broadly arcuato-truncate at base, dull, finely but
strongly, rather densely punctate; eyes large and convex, sep-
arated by three-fourths of their own width or somewhat more,
the tempora short, much less prominent and convergent ; antennz
stout, two-fifths as long as the body, the joints feebly obconical,
the first elongate-oval, penultimate joints wider than long, the

Coleopterological Notices, VI. T87

eleventh small and very much shorter than the two preceding in
both sexes. Prothorax slightly narrower than the head, trans-
verse, the sides parallel and nearly straight; apex broadly but
strongly arcuate; disk convex, slightly uneven, densely and
strongly punctate. Elytra two-fifths longer than wide, twice as
wide as the prothorax; sides parallel and broadly arcuate ; apex
semi-circularly rounded; femora well exposed and rounded at
base; disk not very coarsely but densely punctate, abruptly
nearly vertical at the flanks, the oblique impression from the
humeri feeble. Abdomen finely punctate, minutely and very
densely pubescent. Length 1.7—-1.75 mm; width 0.75 mm.

District of Columbia. The fourth ventral of the male is dis-
tinctly shorter than the third, broadly, evenly rounded and un-
modified, the genital segment small, coriaceous and rounded ; the
fourth ventral of the female is fully as long as the third and is
evenly rounded behind, without noticeable modification of struc-
ture.

2. P. sagimatus n. sp.—Stout, convex, feebly shining, pale brownish-
testaceous, the abdomen piceous-black; pronotum rufo-piceous; head and hind
femora blackish; pubescence very short, moderately dense, decumbent. Head
transverse, convex, somewhat closely punctate and conspicuously pubescent,
the eyes separated by slightly less than their own width; antenne stout,
cylindrical, scarcely at all incrassate, rather more than two-fifths as long as
the body, the basal joint as long as the next two, penultimate joints as long
as wide, the eleventh almost as long as the two preceding, obliquely pointed.
Prothorax transverse, subequal in width to the head, the sides very feebly con-
vergent from the subapical angles to the base; apex broadly arcuate, the base
less arcuate; disk convex, finely, moderately closely punctate, broadly and
extremely obsoletely impressed transversely near the base. Elytra oval, two-
fifths longer than wide, fully twice as wide as the prothorax, parallel and
broadly arcuate at the sides, very obtusely rounded at apex; disk with a feeble
narrow impression within the humeri not extending posteriorly, finely,
strongly and moderately closely punctate. Length 1.8-2.1 mm.; width 0.9 mm.

California (near Monterey).

A specimen from Arizona is much smaller, with narrower and
more oblong elytra, which are more coarsely punctate and still
more polished, the punctures more impressed ; it probably repre-
sents a very closely allied species and is not included in the
above measurements. This species differs conspicuously from
brunnipennis in its more robust form, more shining surface,
longer antennz and numerous other characters,

ANNALS N. Y. AcAD. Scr., VIII, Nov., 1895—53

788 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

ARIOTUS n. gen.

The body in this genus is narrow, elongate and subparallel, the
head not wider than the prothorax, with the epistomal suture dis-
tinct, the base transversely truncate and broadly arched, the eyes
moderately large, rounded, subglobular, very coarsely faceted,
scarcely at all setose and with only the slightest evidence of a
minute emargination, the tempora very short, rounded and much
less prominent. Last joint of the maxillary palpi short, very
broad, the basal angle being very obtuse, of the labial moderately
large, transversely subsecuriform, with the apex obliquely beveled
and sensitive, differing completely from the form seen in the pre-
ceding genera. The antenne are rather short, slender, incrassate
toward apex. The prothorax is transversely and feebly obtrape-
zoidal, not impressed, the scutellum small, narrowly trapezoidal,
and the elytra parallel and devoid of distinct impressions. The
middle cox are narrowly separated, the posterior only slightly
more widely so, the hind femora not dilated, the corresponding
tibiz devoid of terminal spurs but with a porrect terminal plate
internally, apparently composed of agglutinated sete; tarsi
slightly shorter than the tibie. The basal segment of the abdomen
is not quite as long as the remainder, without trace of dividing
suture, the second and third equal, and the fourth much longer
than the third.

Our two species differ decidedly and may be mutually dis-
tinguished as follows :—

Head punctate; elytra with a terminal black area which is produced anteriorly
along the suture, the short vestiture intermixed with longer and coarser
WE IMS Soscisce ieSincs sale we coos oma sagen ete eee Sees eens See Ree <a EERE 1. quercicola

Head subimpunctate; elytra without a terminal dark spot, the vestiture very

fine, short and decumbent, the intermixed longer hairs sparse, short and
AM GISHINCHs.< x. dcasack «wssstehe awa vasle Nene seeeeiane sacs sisoatlctaelratennn 2. subtropicus

No sexual characters are observable, and the sex of the indi-

viduals thus far taken has not been determined. The genus is
confined, as far as known, to the Florida peninsula.

1. A. quercicola Schz.—Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XVII, 1878, p. 371
( Xylophilus).

Narrow, parallel, moderately convex, rather dull, pale flavo-
testaceous, the under surface and head slightly dusky; legs and
antenne pale throughout, except the large terminal joint of the

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 789

latter, which is blackish; pubescence very short, decumbent and
somewhat dense, the coarse suberect hairs sparser. Head trans-
verse, convex, rather coarsely, deeply but sparsely punctate, the
median line impunctate; eyes moderate, separated by fully twice
their own width; antennz two-fifths as long as the body, the
basal joint moderately long and thicker than the second, third
very narrow, three to ten gradually and very distinctly increas-
ing in width, eleventh abruptly much thicker than the preceding
and rather longer than the ninth and tenth together. Prothorax
transverse, the sides feebly divergent from base to apex and
nearly straight; apex broadly arcuate; disk evenly convex, some-
what finely but deeply, moderately densely punctate. Elytra
three-fourths longer than wide, about three-fourths wider than
the prothorax, parallel and very feebly arcuate at the sides; apex
evenly, circularly rounded ; humeri rounded and rather narrowly
exposed ; disk scarcely perceptibly impressed within the humeri,
somewhat coarsely, strongly but sparsely punctate, the punctures
gradually becoming almost completely obsolete at apex. Basal
segment of the abdomen finely, sparsely punctate, the remainder
not visibly punctured. Length 1.7 mm.; width 0.55 mm.

Florida (Tampa and Hillsboro). The elytra havea transversely
parallelogramic basal spot, a median fascia which is broadly inter-
rupted at the suture, and an apical spot, produced along the
suture to apical third, of black.

2. A. Subtropicus n. sp.—Narrowly suboval, rather convex and some-
what dull, pale flavo-testaceous throughout, the antenne gradually slightly
dusky toward apex; head piceous-black; elytra with an extremely feeble and
nubilate dark area at base, and a stronger but nubilate fascia just behind the
middle, narrowly and imperfectly interrupted at the suture, and not quite at-
taining the lateral margins; pubescence extremely short, dense and rather
coarse, cinereous, the longer hairs decumbent, sparse and imperceptible ex-
cept under high power. Head transverse, convex, finely pubescent, impunc-
tate, except a few punctures along the transverse crest of the occiput and very
near the eyes, the latter somewhat large and convex, separated by about one-
half more than their own width; antennz slightly longer than the head and
prothorax, rather slender, gradually and moderately inerassate, the last joint
slightly broader but much shorter than the two preceding together. Prothorax
about as wide as the head, transversely obtrapezoidal, the apex broadly, cir-
cularly arcuate, the sides nearly straight; disk evenly convex, finely and not
densely punctate, the punctures somewhat obscured by the vestiture. Elytra
three-fifths longer than wide, not quite twice as wide as the prothorax, per-
ceptibly wider in the middle than at base, the sides parallel and distinetly

790 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

arcuate; apex circularly rounded; humeri rounded and rather narrowly ex-
posed at base; disk convex, the intra-humeral impression very feeble and
basal; punctures not very coarse but distinct, rather sparse, becoming gradu-
ally obsolete at apex. Legs moderate in length, somewhat slender, the hind
femora not at all inflated. Length 1.65 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

Florida (Tampa). Hubbard and Schwarz.

The fourth ventral, in the single type before me, is about one-
half longer than the third and circularly rounded. This species
differs from quercicola in its broader and more oval form and
much larger eyes, in addition to the characters of the table.

PSEUDARIOTUS »n. gen.

The rather minute species separated under this name have a
short obese and convex form of body, polished elytra, and a ves-
titure which is suberect and composed of hairs which differ dis-
tinctly in length and which are confusedly intermingled. The
head is only very slightly wider than the prothorax, the eyes
somewhat large, convex, extending to within an extremely short
distance of the base, rather finely faceted and with a small but
distinct anterior notch; they are distinctly and rather densely
pilose. Epistomal suture distinct. Last joint of the maxillary
palpi moderately large, right-angled, that of the labial unusually
developed, short but extremely transverse, with the subtruncate
apex concave and spongy, differing noticeably in form from any
of the previous genera, but resembling somewhat that of San-
dytes. Antenne slender, gradually and feebly incrassate, mode-
rate in length, pilose. Prothorax feebly constricted at the sides
of the apex, the disk somewhat uneven, transversely and slightly
tumid behind the middle and tumid near the sides at apical and
basal third. Scutellum broadly triangular, subtruncate at tip.
Basal segment of the abdomen distinctly shorter than the remain-
der, with the dividing suture only slightly indicated near the sides
of the body, the succeeding segments subequal among themselves.
The elytra are black, ornamented with pale spots.

The two species known to me may be distinguished as fol-
lows :—

Pronotum opaque, posterior pale spots of the elytra situated just behind the

nO (oll KeWeRoadacte se sondene daa abacddanoosnood is apoocHa dd snebbuebEpbdoccobENsagcoKe 1. notatus
Pronotum polished; posterior pale spots at apical fourth............. 2. amicus

Nothing is known concerning the sexual characters, which are
probably very slight.

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 191

1. P. notatus Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1855 p. 276 (Xylo-
philus).

The unique type of this species is not before me at present, but
from a sketch made some vears ago, the posterior pale spot of the
elytra is situated at about apical third; this, in conjunction with
LeConte’s statement “ capite thoraceque opacis, confertim pune-
tulatis,” and the fact that the type was taken in Habersham
County, in the extreme northeastern and submountainous parts
of Georgia, a region zodlogically altogether distinct from the
tropical southern tip of Florida, leads me to believe that notatus
will prove to be quite distinct from amicus. The generic diagno-
sis is taken from the latter. The type of notatus is 1.4 mm. in
length ; width 0.65 mm.

2. P. amicus n. sp.—Oval, convex, polished, rufo-piceous, the legs and an-
tennie pale flavate; elytra black, gradually pale toward apex, each with a
large irregular and transversely reniform spot at basal fourth, extending at the
sides to the humeri, and another large subquadrate spot at apical fourth, of
pale flavo-testaceous; pubescence moderately long, rather close, coarse and
distinct. Head feebly convex, shining, subimpunctate; eyes separated by
about one-half more than their own width; antennie barely two-fifths as long
as the body, gradually incrassate through the six or seven outer joints, third
and fourth equal and very slender, eleventh moderately large, compressed,
obliquely and abruptly pointed. Prothorax slightly narrower than the head,
transverse, fully one-third wider than long, the sides gradually and very
feebly convergent from near the apex to the base, the latter margined through-
out the width with an extremely fine elevated bead; apex broadly, feebly ar-
cuate; disk rather finely but strongly, moderately closely punctate. Llytra
about one-third longer than wide, nearly twice as wide as the prothorax, par-
allel and broadly arcuate at the sides, semi-circularly rounded at apex; humeri
rounded but somewhat widely exposed at base; disk not evidently impressed
near the humeri, convex, not coarsely but strongly, rather sparsely punctate,
the punctures becoming very fine and relatively remote toward apex. <Abdo-
men convex, shining, the legs slender. Length 1.3 mm.; width 0.65 mm.

Florida (Biscayne Bay). Hubbard and Schwarz.

The type, which is one of two specimens, is a female and is
somewhat mutilated.

VANONUS 0». gen.

The body in Vanonus is moderately elongate and subparallel,
clothed with very short decumbent pubescence, the head trans-
versely truncate and moderately elevated at base, with the eyes vari-
able but always semi-nude, the sete being extremely minute; they

792 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

are minutely and feebly emarginate and generally moderately
coarsely faceted, the facets in one group becoming extremely
large, however. The epistomal suture is distinct and the epi-
stoma simple at apex, except in wickhami, where it becomes finely
beaded. Last joint of the maxillary palpi large, extremely di-
lated, bent transversely on its compressed side in the form of a
bow, with the basal angle broadly obtuse, that of the labial
moderate in size, thick, the apex truncate in the form of a flat cir-
cular or inwardly pointed disk, which is densely pubescent and
sensitive. Antenne moderate in length and thickness, gradually
and generally feebly incrassate, the third joint much longer than
the fourth, the second small, eleventh moderate in size, conoidal
and normal. The middle coxe are well separated, the posterior
still more widely, the posterior femora not noticeably dilated but
having beneath in both sexes an elongate area, clothed with dense
erect and papillose pubescence ; tibiz: narrowed toward base, the
internal terminal spurs extremely minute and setiform, sometimes
apparently obsolete; tarsi moderately long, very slender, the
basal joint greatly elongate. Abdomen with the basal segment
very large, without trace of dividing suture, the fourth much
longer than the third. Prothorax narrowed in front, generally
transversely impressed on the disk near the base. Scutellum
small, narrowly trapezoidal. Elytra oblong-oval, the flanks rather
abruptly vertical. Sexual characters not determined and ap-
parently extremely feeble.

The species in my cabinet may be separated into four groups,
as shown by the following table :—

Eyes extending virtually to the base of the head, the tempora extremely short.
Eyes moderate in size and coarseness of granulation, the antenne widely
separated at base.
Elytra clothed sparsely with very short, coarse and decumbent hairs. (I)
1. calvescens
Elytra rather densely clothed with short fine pubescence, the hairs all
similar and of equal length; transverse subbasal impression of the
pronotum distinct and uninterrupted. (IT)
Eyes separated by fully twice their own width, the vertex flatter and
densely punctate.
Larger species, the transverse impression of the pronotum feeble in
profile and very near the base ..............-sesseeeeeeeeeeees 2. piceus
Smaller, the transverse impression deeper and larger in profile, oc-
cupying more than basal third; elytral omoplates rather smaller
and more PLronOUNGed..2..oz oe. scesaemecemiaceis onsale 3. tuberculifer

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 193

Eyes much less distant, separated by about one-half more than their
own width; vertex convex, more shining, very minutely and sparsely
punctate; body very small and narrow....................- 4. vigilans

Eyes large, convex and very coarsely faceted; antennze much more approx-
imate in insertion; elytra very densely clothed with extremely minute
appressed pubescence giving a strongly opaque or pruinose effect, the
punctures bearing each a longer stiffer hair, which is however still
minute and subdecumbent; subbasal impressions of the pronotum

feeble and completely separated. (III)

Antenne filiform, just visibly and evenly incrassate throughout the
length.

Antenne decidedly thick; basal impressions of the pronotum large and
CISOIM Chtmermoar. monaco seo rcecert sso ec ov ocseceineae eines <sicinncies 5. huronicus

Antenne slender; basal impressions almost completely obsolete.

6. sagax
Antenne much shorter, rapidly and strongly incrassate toward apex, the
penultimate joints strongly transverse; basal impressions of the pro-

MOHUMELEE Ot acmeentnure sak iodsiccinwie ast cisinsdeeescerse <meeeees 7. floridanus

Eyes smaller and only moderately coarsely faceted, the tempora relatively
long, parallel and distinct behind them; antennz longer, inserted at some
distance from the eyes and moderately separated at base; impressions of the
pronotum and vestiture nearly as in the piceus group. (IV) 8. wickhami

All but one of these species are represented before me by a
single specimen, and the extent of the genus will be greatly in-
creased by future collecting. These species are, however, widely
distinct among themselves, and the limited number of examples
is, for this reason, a matter of but little consequence.

1. V. calvescens n. sp.—Oblong-elongate, feebly convex, moderately
shining, blackish-castaneous throughout; vestiture extremely short, sparse
and rather coarse, closely decumbent. Head strongly transverse, finely retic-
ulate, more obsoletely toward the median line, finely, strongly, not densely
punctate, the eyes large, globular, separated by three-fourths more than their
own width; antennze somewhat stout, feebly and gradually incrassate through-
out, about one-third as long as the body, the tenth joint slightly transverse,
the eleventh conoidal, not as long as the two preceding. Prothorax distinetly
narrower than the head, obliquely narrowed in apical third, about one-fourth
wider than long; apex arcuate and much narrower than the base; disk feebly
convex, polished, not reticulate, rather finely, deeply but not densely punc-
tate, broadly, feebly impressed transversely near the base, the impression con-
tinuous. Scutellum as wide as long, trapezoidal, rather tumid. Elytra fully
three-fourths longer than wide, twice as wide as the prothorax, parallel and
very feebly arcuate at the sides; apex broadly and obtusely rounded; humeri
broadly rounded to the prothorax; disk with a large impression at basal third,
extending obliquely within the humeri, also impressed on each side of the
suture behind the scutellum, and feebly at apical fifth, the omoplates large;

794 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

punctures not very large but deep, rather sparse, becoming gradually very fine
an@ sparse toward apex, surface alutaceous, reticulate, the fine lines radiating
from each puncture, the sculpture effaced near the suture. Legs moderate in
length, slender. Length 2.4 mm.; width 0.85 mm.

Wisconsin (northeastern).

The largest species of the genus, being nearly twice as large as
the next in size, but possessing all the generic features of Vano-
nus. It will be readily identifiable by its size, sculpture and ves-
titure.

2. V. piceus Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1855, p. 276 (-Xylophi-
lus).

Moderately stout, black, with the legs and antenne more or less
dark red-brown; body sometimes paler, with the head always
dark; integuments shining; pubescence very minute, close and
evenly decumbent. Head transverse, finely, strongly and rather
densely punctate, the eyes separated by fully twice their own
width; antenne two-fifths as long as the body, gradually and
quite perceptibly incrassate, the tenth joint slightly transverse.
Prothorax distinctly narrower than the head, only slightly wider
than long, parallel, narrowed anteriorly, the apex arcuate and
distinctly narrower than the base; disk convex, very finely,
densely punctate, the subbasal impression bisinuate along its
posterior margin. Elytra scarcely three-fifths longer than
wide, twice as wide as the prothorax, parallel and feebly arcuate
at the sides except near the base, broadly rounded behind, feebly
impressed near the base and within the humeri, the omoplates
moderately large and prominent; punctures somewhat fine, mod-
erately close-set toward base, minute and more distant behind.
Abdomen minutely punctate and pubescent. Length 1.65 mm.;
width 0.65 mm.

Pennsylvania, New York and Wisconsin (Bayfield). A single
specimen from each locality.

3. V. tuberculifer Ham.—Can. Ent., XXIV, 1892, p. 279 (‘‘ Xilo-
philus’’).

Similar to the preceding but much smaller, black, the antennz
paler; integuments polished; pubescence minute, decumbent,
even and moderately dense. Head transverse, the vertex flat or
feebly concave, finely punctate, the punctures separated by about
twice their own diameters; eyes moderate, separated by rather

Coleopterological Notices, VI. T95

more than twice their own width; occiput descending subverti-
eally to the neck in profile; antenne missing. Prothorax small,
distinctly narrower than the head, only slightly wider than long,
narrowed and very feebly arcuate at apex, finely, densely punc-
tate, the basal impression broad, deep and nearly straight. Elytra
oblong, three-fifths longer than wide, rather more than twice as
wide as the prothorax, distinctly impressed near the base and
within the humeri, the omoplates small and prominent; punc-
tures small but deep and clearly defined on the polished surface,
moderately close-set. Legs missing. Length 1.4 mm.; width 0.6
mm.

Ontario (Severn). The original description of Dr. Hamilton is
altogether insufficient, and I am somewhat doubtful of the refer-
ence, as the medium of publication omits signature marks. The
specimen before me lacks the head and all the legs, and is one of
the two original types recently sent to me by the author; the
above description of the head is from pencil notes and diagrams
taken from the best preserved of the types. This species is some-
what closely allied to piceus, but is evidently distinct.

4. VW. vigilams n. sp.—Narrow, moderately convex, dark piceo-castan-
eous, the legs and antenn but slightly paler; head blacker; vestiture minute
and dense. Head transverse, rather convex, polished, minutely and somewhat
sparsely punctate, the punctures elongate and with their axes oblique to the
median line; eyes large, convex, separated by one-half more than their own
width; antennz rather thick, densely pilose, scarcely two-fifths as long as the
body, gradually and feebly incrassate, the tenth joint about as long as wide.
Prothorax distinctly narrower than the head, only slightly wider than long,
parallel, narrowed and broadly arcuate at apex, minutely, densely punctate,
the basal impression deep, transverse, shallower in the middle but perfectly
continuous. Llytra three-fifths longer than wide, barely twice as wide as the
prothorax, parallel and broadly arcuate at the sides, becoming straight near the
base, broadly, obtusely rounded at apex; humeri rounded, moderately exposed
at base; disk broadly impressed near the base and thence narrowly and
obliquely within the humeri; omoplates rather small and moderately promi-
pent; punctures fine but strong, dense and almost equal from base to apex.
Abdomen finely but somewhat sparsely punctate, minutely pubescent. Length
1.3 mm.; width 0.55 mm.

New York. Mr. H. H. Smith.

This species is allied to the preceding, but differs conspicu-
ously in its narrow and more convex form of body, denser punc-
tuation and vestiture, much larger eyes, different sculpture and
convexity of the vertex and in several other characters.

796 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

5. WV. huronicus n. sp.—Oblong, convex, black; tibize, tarsi and anten-
ne pale testaceous; integuments dull, the entire surface minutely, densely
punctulate, these punctures bearing the minute hairs; vestiture very dense.
Head transverse, convex, the distinct punctures only present toward base;
eyes large, globular, separated by barely their own width; antennze just visi-
bly incrassate, densely pilose, nearly one-half as long as the body, the tenth
joint but slightly wider than long. Prothorax much narrower than the head,
slightly wider than long, convex, parallel, narrowed and transversely rounded
at apex, minutely and extremely densely punctate and pubescent, the basal
impressions large, distinct and completely separated at the middle. Elytra
three-fifths longer than wide, twice as wide as the prothorax, parallel and very
feebly arcuate throughout at the sides, obtusely rounded at apex; humeri
rounded to the prothorax and moderately exposed at base; disk feebly im-
pressed behind the omoplates, also narrowly and obsoletely within the hu-
meri, the omoplates large and very feeble; surface rather finely but deeply and
closely punctate, the punctures well separated and becoming gradually a little
finer behind. Abdomen finely, sparsely punctate, minutely, very densely punc-
tulate, dull and minutely, densely pubescent, the basal segment fully as long
as the entire remainder. Legs slender throughout. Length 1.4 mm.; width
0.6 mm.

Michigan.

The type is a male but has no distinct sexual characters, the
extremity of the intromittent organ being very slender and per-
fectly simple; the fourth ventral is about two-thirds longer than
the third, and is evenly and somewhat narrowly rounded.

6. V. Sagax n. sp.—Narrowly oblong, moderately convex, black, the legs
testaceous, with the intermediate femora slightly, the posterior deeply, black-
ish; antenne pale testaceous throughout; integuments dull, extremely
minutely, densely punctulate, also with coarse punctures; pubescence short,
minute and very dense. Head transverse, finely but strongly, densely punc-
tate throughout to the apex; eyes large and globular, separated by a little less
than their own width; antennz slender, nearly one-half as long as the body,
gradually and just visibly incrassate throughout, the tenth joint fully as long
as wide. Prothorax much narrower than the head, distinctly wider than long,
parallel, strongly, obliquely narrowed in apical third, the apex distinctly
arcuate and much narrower than the base; disk somewhat convex, finely, very
densely punctate, obsoletely biimpressed near the base. Elytra two-thirds
longer than wide, not more than three-fourths wider than the prothorax, semi-
circularly rounded behind, parallel and very feebly arcuate at the sides;
humeri rounded to the prothorax and narrowly exposed at base; disk impressed
within the humeri, and thence obliquely and posteriorly toward the suture,
abruptly declivous and obliquely subprominent laterally toward base, strongly
and densely punctate toward base, gradually finely so toward apex; omoplates
feeble. Abdomen densely punctulate, finely, sparsely punctate, the punctures
greatly elongate in form, the legs slender. Length 1.3 mm.; width 0.5 mm.

eS ee eee eee

———

Coleopterological Notices, VI. T3T

Florida (Indian River).

A minute and narrow species, with globose and very coarsely
faceted eyes and opaque, pruinose integuments; it is readily dis-
tinguishable from huronicus by the characters of the table, and
by its entirely punctate head.

7. V. floridanus n. sp.—Oblong, moderately stout and convex, brown-
ish-black, the abdomen rufescent; legs testaceous, the hind femora slightly
darker and brownish; antennie pale testaceous; integuments dull and pruinose,
the vestiture short and very dense, with sculpture as in the preceding two
species. Head transverse, finely, densely punctate throughout, but obsoletely
so toward the epistoma; vertex rather wide and flat between the eyes, which
are separated by about one-fourth more than their own width; antennz short,
scarcely one-third as long as the body, rapidly and evenly incrassate from the
sixth joint, joints eight to ten strongly transverse, the eleventh but slightly
longer than wide, simple and conically pointed. Prothorax distinctly nar-
rower than the head, transverse, nearly one-third wider than long, parallel
and rounded at the sides, narrowed and transversely arcuate at apex, finely,
very densely punctate; subbasal impressions large, feeble and widely separated.
Scutellum transversely trapezoidal, widely truncate at apex, the angles sub-
prominent as usual. lytra three-fifths longer than wide, not quite twice as
wide as the prothorax, parallel and feebly arcuate at the sides, obtusely
rounded at apex, the humeri rounded to the prothorax and rather well ex-
posed at base; disk obliquely impressed from within the humeri, and also be-
hind the scutellum, somewhat finely but strongly, densely punctate, the omo-
plates rather small and somewhat prominent. Abdomen with fine, sparse and
elongate punctures, in addition to the minute punctulation, the legs slender.
Length 1.45 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

Florida (Crescent City). Hubbard and Schwarz.
This species differs greatly from the two preceding in its short,
gradually claviform antennz, and more widely separated eyes.

8. V. wickhamii n. sp.—Oblong, moderately convex, black; antenns
and legs black throughout, except the second and eleventh joints of the for-
mer, which are slightly paler; integuments somewhat shining, the pubescence
fine, even, moderately dense as in piceus. Head strongly transverse, finely,
densely punctate throughout, the vertex broad and convex, the eyes relatively
small, separated by twice their own width, the tempora behind them parallel,
three-fourths as long and nearly as prominent; antennze long, slender, about
one-half as long as the body, the tenth joint nearly as long as wide, the
eleventh oval, pointed, about as long as the two preceding. Prothoraw slightly
narrower than the head, distinctly wider than long, only slightly narrowed
and broadly arcuate at apex, the latter about four-fifths as wide as the base;
sides parallel, feebly arcuate; disk convex, finely, rather strongly and very
densely punctate, the subbasal impression: large, deep and continuous, its pos-

798 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

terior margin nearly straight. Elytra nearly three-fourths longer than wide,
twice as wide as the prothorax, the sides parallel, feebly arcuate, becoming
straight near the base; apex almost evenly rounded; humeri narrowly rounded,
somewhat broadly exposed at base; disk scarcely at all impressed except be-
hind the scutellum, finely, densely punctate, the omoplates small and rather
feeble. Abdomen finely, somewhat sparsely punctate, the punctures slightly
elongate, finely pubescent, the first segment rather longer than the remainder,
the fourth about as long as the two preceding. Legs rather long and slender.
Length 1.6 mm.; width 0.65 mm.

Wisconsin (Bayfield). Mr. H. F. Wickham.

A small but very distinct species to be readily known by its
smaller eyes, longer tempora, longer antennz and completely
black legs. It is much more closely allied to piceus than to the
huronicus group, and is placed at the end of the genus solely for
taxonomic reasons.

TANILOTES ». gen.

The members of this genus greatly resemble Vanonus in gen-
eral form and habitus, and the sculpture and fine, even, decumbent
vestiture are exactly as in the piceus group of that genus. The
head is only very slightly wider than the prothorax, the eyes
moderate in size, coarsely faceted, with very short sete, which
are much more evident in densus than in lacustris, rather distant
from the base and minutely, feebly emarginate anteriorly. Epi-
stomal suture distinct, the epistoma narrowly coriaceous at apex,
and apparently with an adjacent terminal beaded segment which,
however, may be a basal margin of the labrum. Palpi as in
Vanonus. Antenne somewhat short, abruptly clavate, the club
parallel and five-jointed. Pronotum biimpressed near the base.
Scutellum moderate, trapezoidal. Middle coxze moderately sepa-
rated, the posterior not more widely so. Abdomen with the basal
segment large, much more than equaling all the others combined,
the fourth varying in length, the first three segments margined at
apex with a very wide pale and coriaceous border. Legs slender,
the hind femora completely devoid of the papillose pad of Vano-
nus, but having beneath near the apex, and in both sexes, a large
lamelliform tooth.

Our two species mutually differ to a great degree, but are per-
fectly congeneric, as shown by the capitate antenne and toothed
hind femora; they may be known as follows :—

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 799

Eyes much larger, separated by scarcely one-fourth more than their own
width, the setz distinct and recurved; terminal segment of the abdomep
nearly as long as the two preceding: femoral tooth strongly bent, the con-
CANAL YO WILGMINS ‘SIZS DUC LAP RCE ciccscs.0 vec. cvscandencsegeseetalsccaeess 1. densus

Eyes small, separated by three times their own width and very feebly setose;
terminal segment only slightly longer than the third; femoral tooth erect;
SUAS TONED BARB oot coodebenSoodcoctiogs JO0co ree CREE REAR oERten rer tecerc rats 2. lacustris

The sexual characters are not distinct, as far as can be observed.

1. T. densus Csy.—Cont. Col. N. A., II, 1885, p. 187 (Xylophilus).

Oblong, moderately convex, brownish-black throughout; an-
tenn dark red-brown ; tibiz brown, the tarsi testaceous ; integu-
ments densely punctate, the narrow interspaces polished and mi-
nutely punctulate ; vestiture very short, dense, decumbent and in
a single system. Head transverse, rather convex, finely and not
very densely punctate throughout, the punctures perforate, oval
and with their axes directed obliquely to the median line;
tempora about one-third as long as the eyes, measured longitu-
dinally, and much less prominent; antennz stout, one-third as
long as the body, joints seven to ten strongly transverse. Pro-
thorax only slightly narrower than the head, transverse, convex,
very densely punctate, with two widely separated subbasal im-
pressions. Elytra fully three-fourths longer than wide, two-thirds
wider than the prothorax, parallel and very feebly, evenly arcuate
at the sides; humeri rounded to the prothorax and rather widely
exposed at base; disk finely but strongly, very densely punctate ;
omoplates somewhat large, approximate and distinct. Length
2.0 mm.; width 0.75 mm.

Pennsylvania (near Philadelphia). The unique type is the
only specimen known to me, and is of undetermined sex.

2. T. lacustris n. sp.—Oblong, somewhat convex, black throughout,
the basal joints of the antennz and tip of the eleventh, paler and testaceous;
integuments very densely punctate, the interspaces polished and not distinctly
punctulate, the pubescence very short and single. Head transverse, rather
convex, polished, finely, not very densely punctate; eyes rather small, mod-
erately convex, at nearly their own length from the base, the tempora par-
allel and only slightly less prominent; antennze not quite two-fifths as long as
the body, moderately slender, joints seven to ten perceptibly wider than long.
Prothorax only slightly, though distinctly, narrower than the head, one-fourth
wider than long, feebly narrowed in front, the apex transversely and feebly
arcuate; sides feebly arcuate; disk convex, extremely densely, finely punctate,
with two large and deep subbasal impressions, which are somewhat approxi-

800 Coleopterological Notices, V2.

mate and not altogether disconnected. Elytra two-thirds longer than wide,
twice as wide as the prothorax, gradually and arcuately narrowed in apical
third, the apex transversely rounded; sides feebly arcuate, becoming straight
and parallel near the base; humeri rounded, well exposed at base; disk finely
but strongly, very closely punctate; omoplates approximate and moderately
strong. Abdomen finely but not densely punctate, rather densely clothed
with recumbent pubescence, the basal segment very much larger than the
entire remainder. Legs moderate in length, slender. Length 1.6 mm.; width
0.6 mm.

Wisconsin ( Bayfield). Mr. Wickham.

A very small but interesting species, which may be identified
at once by the capitate antennze, small and widely separated eyes
and toothed femora. A single female.

SCANYLUS n. gen.

Body anthiciform, pruinose, with extremely dense short fine
and decumbent pubescence, unmixed with longer hairs. Head not
wider than the prothorax, the eyes rather large, finely faceted,with
short recurved setz and a small but distinct anterior emargina-
tion. Epistomal suture distinct. Antenne moderately long, grad-
ually and perceptibly incrassate from the third joint, the latter
slender. Last joint of the maxillary palpi right-angled, of the
labial tumid, with the obliquely truncate apex transversely oval,
deeply concave and feebly pilose. Prothorax tumid and promi-
nent at the sides anteriorly, transversely and feebly impressed
dorsally near the base, the apex with a distinct marginal bead
which is possibly homologous with the collar in Anthicus. Elytra
with widely exposed humeri. Middle and hind coxz slightly
separated. Abdomen with the basal segment not as long as the
remainder, the dividing suture fine and distinct, becoming obso-
lete only in the middle; last three segments equal in length
among themselves. Legs slender, the hind femora not at all di-
lated and perfectly simple beneath; tibize simple; tarsi very slen-
der, moderately long, the basal joint almost twice as long as the
remainder.

The above description is drawn from pruinosus, the generic
type, and luteolus differs in having the eyes slightly less finely
faceted, the hind femur provided beneath with a dense comb of
erect fulvous bristles almost throughout its entire extent, the
humeri much less exposed, the antenne filiform, and the pronotum

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 801

devoid of the apical beaded edge; the two species may, however,
be considered congeneric for the present and can be distin-
guished as follows :—

Large, the elytra broad, finely and sparsely punctate toward base; color black,

the prothorax darkered-Dro Wises <i... 0ccn00sieceece see secescaseesee 1. pruinosus
Small and narrow, pale testaceous throughout, the elytra strongly and densely
PUM Chae CO WATS DASE! stacice aa. actrees sacle oulche scl aepeceere temetanenmcan tes 2. Lluteolus

These species represent one of the most distinct generic types
of the subfamily, because of the finely faceted eyes.

1. S. pruimosus n. sp.—Rather broad and depressed, black throughout,
the legs, antennz and prothorax dark rufo-testaceous ; integuments alutaceous,
densely and very minutely punctulate throughout, also visibly punctate, the
larger punctures not bearing longer hairs; pubescence very minute, extremely
dense and decumbent, giving a densely pruinose effect. Head transverse,
convex, finely, rather sparsely punctate; eyes separated by one-half more than
their own width; tempora rounded, one-half as long as the eyes and a little
less prominent; antenne two-fifths as long as the body, gradually and dis-
tinetly incrassate, the third joint slender and longer than the fourth, tenth as
long as wide, eleventh conoidal, obliquely pointed, not as long as the two pre-
ceding. Prothorax as wide as the head, slightly wider than long, prominent
and subtuberculate at the sides at apical two-fifths, the sides thence strongly
oblique and straight to the apex which is transversely truncate and two-thirds
as wide as the base, feebly convergent toward base; disk feebly convex,
finely, sparsely punctate, very obsoletely, transversely impressed near the base.
Seutellum trapezoidal, wider than long, the angles somewhat prominent.
Elytra broad, two-thirds longer than wide, twice as wide as the prothorax,
parallel and feebly arcuate at the sides, broadly rounded at apex; humeri
rounded, rather widely exposed at base; disk somewhat flat, the omoplates
feeble; punctures fine and sparse toward base, becoming gradually subobsolete
behind the middle. Abdomen alutaceous, finely, densely pubescent, with a
few small and scattered punctures in the middle near the base. Legs mode-
rately long, slender. Length 2.8 mm.; width 1.0 mm.

Arizona (Williams).

This species is relatively large for the present subfamily, and
greatly resembles an Anthicus, to such an extent in fact that it
was sent to me as a representative of that genus. The sex of the
unique individual is not determinable.

2. S. Luteolus n. sp.—Narrow and somewhat convex, pale rufo-testa-
ceous throughout, the elytra more flavate and the hind femora slightly
brownish; integuments alutaceous, the minute punctules bearing the extremely
fine decumbent pubescence not visible, being entirely occupied by the bases of
the hairs; larger punctures rather dense and distinct. Head transverse, con-
vex, finely, somewhat sparsely punctate toward base; eyes prominent, sepa-

802 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

rated by two-thirds more than their own width, the tempora one-half as long,
parallel and much less prominent; basal angles rather narrowly rounded, base
broadly sinuato-truncate; antennze long, filiform, slender, not at all incrassate,
rather more than one-half as long as the body, third joint elongate, longer than
the fourth, tenth distinctly longer than wide, eleventh narrowly oval, some-
what obliquely pointed, a little thicker than the tenth, much shorter than the
two preceding. Prothorax subequal in width to the head, a little wider than
long, prominent laterally at apical third, the sides thence very oblique and
nearly straight to the apex, which is broadly arcuato-truneate and three-
fourths as wide as the base, very feebly convergent to the base; disk feebly
convex, nearly even, not distinctly impressed, finely but strongly, very closely
punctate. Scutellum narrowly trapezoida]. L//ytra three-fourths longer than
wide, four-fifths wider than the prothorax, parallel and very feebly arcuate at
the sides, evenly and circularly rounded at apex; humeri narrowly rounded,
moderately exposed at base; omoplates subobsolete; disk finely, closely punc-
tate, the punctures becoming quite coarse and dense toward base. Abdomen
opaque, densely and strongly granulato-reticulate, not punctate, minutely
pubescent. Legs rather long and slender, the hind femora with a fulvous
comb beneath, and another, smaller and shorter, between this and the base.
Length 1.75 mm.; width 0.6 mim.

Florida (Lake Monroe).

The single type is a male, the intromittent organ being very
slender, cylindro-acuminate and three-fourths as long as the
entire abdomen. The third ventral is obliquely truncate at the
sides and is distinctly longer than the second, the fourth shorter
than the third, broadly bisinuate and feebly biimpressed along its
anterior edge, the posterior edge broadly and very obtusely angu-
late; the genital segment is narrow and emarginate. In both of
these species the posterior margin of the pronotum has a small
and feeble median sinus.

CNOPUS Champ. a

The body in Cnopus is somewhat as in Vanonus but rather
shorter, polished and sparsely clothed with moderately long coarse
and decumbent hairs in a single system. Head much wider than
the prothorax, the eyes large, globular, occupying the entire sides
and extending to the base, without trace of an anterior emargina-
tion, very coarsely faceted and with setze so extremely minute as
almost to defy detection under a power of 80. Front slightly
declivous before the antennz, but with the epistomal suture ap-
parently obsolete; base of the occiput on a level with the anterior
margin of the pronotum, the constriction extending forward some-

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 803

what in a transversely sinuous excavation. Last joint of the
maxillary palpi rather small, right-angled, of the labial unusually
large, strongly transverse, with the deeply concave oval apex
pilose. Antenne filiform, moderate in length. Middle coxe nar-
rowly, the posterior rather widely, separated. Basal segment of
the abdomen larger than the remainder, with scarcely a trace of
the dividing suture. Legs slender, the hind femora not dilated,
simple beneath, the tarsi short, with the basal joint abbreviated
and much shorter than the remainder.

Our single species of this distinct genus, erected by Mr. Cham-
pion (Biol. Cent.-Amer., IV, 2, p. 460) for the minute Mexican
C. flohri is the following :—

1. C. impressus Lec.—Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 1875, p. 175 (Xylophilus).

Piceous, shining, sparsely pubescent. Head polished, convex,
finely, not densely and indistinctly punctate ; antenne one-half
as long as the body. Prothorax transverse, with two deep sub-
basal impressions which are feebly connected transversely, finely,
rather strongly and moderately closely punctate. Scutellum short
and wide, small, in the form of a perfect parallelogram. Elytra
oblong-oval, scarcely one-half longer than wide, nearly twice as
wide as the prothorax, finely but strongly, not very densely punc-
tate. Abdomen alutaceous. Length 1.) mm.; width 0.45 mm.

Texas,—Cab LeConte ; Florida. This species differs from flohri
in its much shorter antennz, which, in the latter, are said to be
three-fourths as long as the body. Excepting Awylophilus yucce,
this is by far the most minute xylophilide thus far discovered in
the United States; it probably occurs on maritime plants along
the shore line of the Gulf of Mexico.

GANASCUS n. gen.

The complete lack of a basal cephalic constriction, which ren-
ders this and the following two genera so aberrant, is somewhat
suggested in Cnopus, where the constriction is carried forward,
leaving the basal part of the head on a level with the pronotum.
The body is very obese and convex, clothed with a short coarse
decumbent and matted pubescence, variegated in color and inter-
mixed with sparser, semi-erect hairs arising from the larger punc-
tures. Head vertical or slightly inflexed, broadly arcuate at base,

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., VIII, Nov., 1895.—54

804 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

where it is in close contact with the prothorax, the vertex flat;
epistomal suture fine but distinct. Eyes large, coarsely faceted,
distinctly pilose, occupying the entire sides of the head and
touching the prothorax at base, having a small but distinct an-
terior notch. Antenne moderate in length, distinctly and grad-
ually incrassate. Last joint of the maxillary palpi moderate in
size, short, transverse, the basal angle broadly obtuse, that of the
labial transversely excavated at apex and well developed. Scu-
tellum rather large, equilatero-triangular, narrowly truncate at
apex. Middle cox moderately separated, the posterior a little
more widely. Abdomen with the basal segment fully as long as
the entire remainder, divided before the middle by a fine but dis-
tinct suture throughout the width, the suture anteriorly arcuate
in the middle; remaining segments short and equal. Legs some-
what short and stout, the hind femora only slightly stouter, finely
subcarinate beneath; tarsi moderate, the basal joint normally
elongate.

Although this genus is one of the most distinct of the sub-
family, the species which compose it are closely allied and will
prove a difficult study; the three which seem to be indicated by
the material in my cabinet may be recognized as follows :—
Elytral punctures distinct and well separated, not concealed or obscured by

the vestiture; elytra shorter and oval, the fuscous markings very much
confused and scarcely at all definable.

Eyes larger, separated by their own width. .................. 1. ventricosus
Eyes separated by slightly more than their own width; head relatively
smialleniandsmore) CONVEX ssttaetecheee. secon 4-cje dene eee 2. opimus

Elytral punctures very dense and closely crowded, more or less obscured by
the vestiture, the elytra longer and more oblong, with four distinctly de-
fined irregular black spots at the middle of the disk; eyes separated by
much more than their Own width*...c-c-:---2-..0+ss-cssereeeee- 3. palliatus

Other species exist in collections, but Iam not able to coilate

them at present. The sexual characters appear to be extremely
slight.

1. G. ventricosus Lec.—Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 1875, p. 176 ( Xylophi-
lus).

Stout, oval, strongly convex, dull, very densely pubescent,
dark brown, the antenne, tibize toward base and apex and tarsi
pale luteo-flavate ; upper surface mottled with the same pale tint,
especially evident transversely at the apex and base of the prono-

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 805

tum, and, on the elytra, ina narrow and very uneven fascia at basal
fourth, two subsutural spots at the middle and in scattered small
spots toward apex, the scutellum pale and conspicuous. Head
transversely subtriangular, feebly convex behind, perfectly flat
anteriorly, finely, strongly and closely punctate ; antenne scarcely
longer than the head and prothorax, slender, gradually but rather
rapidly incrassate through the last four joints, the penultimate
wider than long; labrum with a wide coriaceous apical border.
Prothorax fully one-half wider than long and distinctly wider
than the head, somewhat tumid at the sides before the middle,
rapidly, sinuately oblique to the apex, the base broadly arcuate
and quadrisinuate ; disk rather finely but deeply, very closely and
evenly punctato-cribrate, not impressed. Elytra scarcely one-
fourth longer than wide, twice as wide as the prothorax, oval, the
humeri rounded to the prothorax and well exposed at base; sur-
face convex, not very coarsely but deeply, evenly and closely
punctate throughout, the punctures distinctly defined and but
slightly smaller toward apex. Under surface and abdomen not
very coarsely but strongly and densely punctate throughout.
Length 1.6 mm.; width 1.0 mm.

North Carolina. The oval and convex form of body, indefin-
able mottling of brown markings, and distinctly defined elytral
punctures, will serve to identify this species, which is more north-
ern in its range than the others.

2. G. opimus n. sp.—Broadly oval, strongly convex, the integuments
rather shining and less densely pubescent than usual, piceous-black, the an-
tenn, extremities of the legs and some feebly and indetinitely nubilate spots
on the upper surface paler. Head small, subtriangular, finely and not very
densely punctate, the eyes separated by distinctly more than their own width;
antennz short, slender and filiform, as long as the head and prothorax, the
last joint abruptly much thicker, obliquely and obtusely pointed, tenth quad-
rate. Prothorax very transverse, fully two-thirds wider than long, distinctly
wider than the head, obtusely and feebly swollen at the sides anteriorly,
obliquely sinuate at the basal angles, strongly and densely punctate. Elytra
one-fourth longer than wide, distinctly more than twice as wide as the prothorax,
oval, broadly arcuate at the sides, almost evenly rounded at apex, the humeri
obliquely rounded to the prothorax and somewhat widely exposed at base;
disk convex, not impressed except minutely and very feebly within the
humeri at base, moderately coarsely, deeply and somewhat closely punctate,
the punctures distinctly separated throughout. Abdomen finely punctate,
sparsely so at the sides toward base, the legs rather short and stout. Length
1.4mm.; width 0.85 mm.

806 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

Texas (Austin).

Readily distinguishable from the preceding by its smaller size,
more shining surface, smaller head and prothorax, the latter
more transverse, sparser punctuation and, especially, by the an-
tennal structure, the eleventh joint in venfricosus not being
abruptly wider than the preceding. The single specimen serving
as the type is a male, and has a rather singular, abruptly pointed
form of intromittent organ, which, as in other species of the sub-
family, seems to be slightly asymmetric.

3. G. palliatus n. sp.—Oblong-oval, convex, opaque, black beneath,
the antenne, tibize and tarsi pale; upper surface pale, with the middle of the
pronotum transversely darker, and with black maculation on the elytra, es-
pecially evident near the scutellum, along the flanks, and in four central spots;
vestiture very dense, obscuring the punctuation, more especially in the pale
areas. Head small, rather finely and moderately sparsely punctate, the eyes
separated by nearly one-third more than their own width; antennz almost
one-third as long as the body, filiform, the last joint abruptly thicker, ob-
liquely pointed and nearly as long as the two preceding, tenth somewhat
longer than wide. Prothorax strongly transverse, wider than the head, two-
thirds wider than long, parallel at the sides, more rounded and feebly prom-
inent anteriorly; base broadly arcuate, with two feeble sinuations at each side;
disk strongly, very densely punctate. lytra oblong-oval, about one-third
longer than wide, not quite twice as wide as the prothorax, parallel and
feebly arcuate at the sides, becoming less so near the base, evenly and some-
what parabolically rounded behind, the humeri broadly rounded to the pro-
thorax; disk transversely flattened or subimpressed near the base, somewhat
coarsely and very densely cribrate. Under surface rather finely but strongly,
closely punctate. Length 1.6 mm.; width 0.85 mm.

Florida (Tampa). Hubbard and Schwarz.

The antenne are nearly as in opimus, but the form of the body
and distinctly defined black macul of the elytra will distinguish
it quitereadily.

SANDYTES pb. gen.

Body oblong, convex, the vestiture coarse, short, subdecum-
bent, rather sparse, with condensed patches of short matted white
hair. Head wider than the prothorax, the eyes large, globular,
somewhat coarsely faceted and with very minute and scarcely
visible erect sete, extending extremely nearly to the base and
almost in contact with the prothorax, deeply emarginate an-
teriorly. Epistomal suture completely obsolete. Antenne very

long, slender and cylindrical, the two basal joints small and sub-

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 807

globular, the third and fourth equal and more elongate, five to
eleven still longer, equal among themselves, cylindrical, pilose,
not incrassate, the eleventh a little thicker, cylindro-obconic, with
the apex abruptly and obliquely obtuse. Last joint of the max-
illary palpi a little more than right-angled, of the labial short,
extremely dilated and transverse, the apex concave and pilose.
Scutellum rather small, trapezoidal, somewhat tumid, minutely
and very densely punctate. Middle cox narrowly separated,
the posterior more widely, the abdominal process narrowly
rounded. Abdomen with the basal segment shorter than the re-
mainder, the dividing suture distinct throughout the width. Legs
unmodified, the hind femora but slightly dilated; basal joint of
the tarsi normally elongate.

This genus, while related to Ganascus, differs greatly in anten-
nal structure, in its deeply emarginate eyes—the emargination,
however, not being so deep as in the first three genera of the
subfamily,—in its narrow and subcylindrical prothorax, and in
general habitus. There is but one species, as follows :—

1. S. ptimoides Schz.—Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XVII, 1878, p. 371 ( Xylo-
philus).

Polished, black, the antenne, palpi and legs pale flavo-tes-
taceous, the intermediate femora slightly, the posterior deeply,
blackish; interspaces between the punctures not at all reticulate ;
pubescence rather sparse and inconspicuous, except the coarser.
short white hairs, which are distinct on the head, in two narrow
uneven pronotal vittz and at the sides toward base, and in a
transverse uneven spot at basal fifth of each elytron, and another
smaller and subsutural at apical two-fifths, these pubescent areas
apparently rufescent. Head densely, coarsely and deeply punc-
tate, the eyes separated by scarcely two-fifths of their own width ;
antennz more than three-fourths as long as the body. Prothorax
rather distinctly narrower than the head, slightly wider than
long, parallel and feebly bisinuate at the sides, the apex and base
equal; disk strongly and densely punctate, feebly tumid along
the middle toward base. Elytra one-half longer than wide, twice
as wide as the prothorax, parallel and broadly arcuate at the
sides, becoming straight and parallel in basal fifth; apex ogival ;
humeri rounded, somewhat broadly and subtransversely exposed
at base; disk convex, not distinctly impressed, rather coarsely,

808 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

very deeply and densely punctate throughout. Abdomen convex,
polished, strongly and closely punctate, the third segment slightly
shorter than the second and much shorter than the fourth.
Length 1.6 mm.; width 0.65 mm.

Florida (New Smyrna, Enterprise and Haw Creek),—Hubbard
and Schwarz. <A very interesting and widely isolated species.
The single specimen before me is a male, the slender apex of the
intromittent organ being feebly expanded in a small rounded
button.

AXYLOPHILUS n. gen.

Body oval, convex, sparsely clothed with moderately short
stiff and inclined hairs in a single uniform system. Head much
narrower than the prothorax, against the anterior margin of which
it is in close and even contact throughout, the surface forming
also a low short laminate hood, which does not extend over the
basal margin and which is continued narrowly behind the eyes,
expanded again beneath and before the latter, where its glossy
concave surface is separated longitudinally from the extended
front by a tumid and sparsely hairy piece, extending from the
mandibles to the point of antennal insertion; front broadly ex-
tended before the antenne and as long as the entire basal part of
the head. Epistomal suture coarse and very deep, the epistoma
small, subquadrate, two-fifths as wide as the extended front. La-
brum transverse, feebly convex, translucent, broadly bilobed at
apex. Mandibles expanded with rounded outline, very thin and
laminate. Eyes large but short, very near the base, transversely
reniform, the anterior emargination containing the antennal base
very large and deep; facets coarse; setz distinct. Last joint
of the maxillary palpi moderate in size, securiform, of the labial
rather small though dilated and flattened. Antenne slender,
moderate in length, the second joint somewhat longer and stouter
than the first ; three to eight extremely slender and with very long
sparse sete; last three joints very gradually thicker, elongate-
oval. Prothorax as wide as the base of the elytra, the humeral
angles of the latter not at all exposed at base. Middle coxz well
separated, the posterior only a little more so, the abdominal pro-
cess narrowly rounded. Abdomen with the basal segment a little
larger than the entire remainder, the dividing suture visible at
the extreme sides only. Legs rather long, very slender, the hind

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 809
femora but slightly thickened; tarsi slender, distinctly shorter
than the tibize, the basal joint very much longer thau the entire
remainder.

It is almost impossible to describe the remarkable double sur-
face at the posterior margin of the head in an intelligible manner,
and, in view of this very aberrant structure, as well as the abnor-
mal anterior parts of the head and the broad base of the pro-
thorax, we must regard Axylophilus as the most specialized and
extraordinary type of the entire subfamily; it is also the most
minute representative within our faunal limits. The antenne are
very similar in form to those of Trichopteryx.

1. A. yucce n. sp.—Narrowly oval, polished, sparsely pubescent, piceous-
black, the head, pronotum, base of the elytra and two fascize just before the
middle and at apical fourth respectively, pale testaceous; legs and antennze
testaceous, the hind femora blackish except toward base and apex. Head
strongly inflexed, convex, longer than wide, very minutely, sparsely punctate,
the eyes separated by one-half of their own width; antennz about one-half
as long as the body. Prothorax four-fifths wider than long, very much wider
than the head, the sides feebly convergent and nearly straight almost to the apex,
then abruptly rounded and narrowed, the apex scarcely two-thirds as wide as
the base, the latter transversely truncate, with a small and feeble sinuation at
the scutellum; basal angles nearly right but blunt; disk moderately convex,
subexplanate toward the basal angles, strongly and rather closely punctate.
Scutellum transverse, feebly trapezoidal, polished. Elytra two-fifths longer
than wide, just behind the middle two-fifths wider than the prothorax and
distinctly wider than at base; sides arcuate; apex obtuse and subtruncate; disk
scarcely visibly impressed near the base, strongly punctate, the punctures well
separated. Abdomen more finely and densely punctate and pubescent toward
apex. Length 0.75-0.9 mm.; width 0.45-0.5 mm.

Florida (Crescent City and Cape Jupiter).
This exceedingly interesting species was taken abundantly by
Messrs. Hubbard and Schwarz, on plants of the genus Yucca.

OTIORHYNCHID.

The known forms allied to Dyslobus have become very nume-
rous by reason of recent collecting on the west coast, where they
constitute the most conspicuous and abundant otiorhynchide ele-
ment of the true Pacific coast fauna; they are especially nume-
rous and diversified in northern California and in Oregon. The
larger and more striking of these species, which I have set apart
for investigation at the present time may be assigned to four
genera as follows :—

810 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

First ventral suture very deep and widely impressed, generally straight or
only slightly arcuate in the middle; second segment not longer than the
next two combined; met-episternal suture distinct; scutellum very short
and broad, not entering the elytral disk.

Elytral intervals not alternating in convexity..................0.008 Dyslobus
Elytral intervals distinctly alternating in convexity throughout the length.
Amnesia

First suture fine, not broadly impressed and broadly arcuate.

Body squamose and pubescent; scutellum distinct; second ventral segment
much longer than the next two combined; met-episternal suture distinct.
Adaleres

Body squamose, the elytra without erect hairs, the intervals alternating
strongly in convexity and vestiture; scutellum extremely small, acute;
second ventral segment not longer than the next two combined; met-
episternal suture completely obliterated..................cesceeeeeee Nomidus

In this scheme Amnesia is limited to those species having the
elytral intervals strongly alternating in prominence, and it is
probable that other genera will ultimately have to be formed for
the smaller and more obscure species, such as rauca and decorata,
at present associated with them; it is more than probable that
these forms can be included in Lepesoma of Motschulsky, although
L. californica can never be identified without the type. I can
find no essential difference in the form of the first ventral suture
and relative extent of the second segment, which were advanced
by Dr. Horn to distinguish Dyslobus from Amnesia granicollis,
the type of Amnesia, and the differential character which that
author attempts to draw from the internal terminal spur of the
hind tibiz is wholly illusory and devoid of value in this particular
connection.

These four genera are in fact intimately allied among them-
selves, having the beak rather elongate, separated from the head
by a transverse depression and with the scrobes short, flexed
gradually downward, broadening and becoming evanescent far
before the eyes, and the ocular lobes at least moderately distinct
throughout. In the table given by Dr. Horn (Proc. Am. Phil.
Soc., XV, p. 88), Dyslobus and Amnesia are widely separated by
a number of genera which are not particularly closely related to
them, and in some cases widely dissimilar in important details of
structure.

DYSLOBUS Lec.

The species of this genus are rather large and elongate, some-

what less so in the female than in the male, and have the ocular

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 811

lobes much broader and shorter than in Amnesia, the eyes being
invariably far distant from the prothorax. The three species may
be distinguished as follows :—

Elytral suture prominent and keeled near the summit of the posterior declivity ;

serial punctures each with a rather large scale but otherwise nude.
Serial punctures small; hind tibize very strongly bent near the apex in the

TITEM LG Ps cishs ete ston semen cae teen MCAT NC Se Ses athe Sena aes aCe Tonos segnis
Serial punctures much coarser; scales brilliantly metallic in color; hind tibiz
of the male only very feebly arcuate toward apex................+ lecontei

Elytral suture not keeled near the apex but with a small and abruptly ele-
vated double tubercle; serial punctures not squamigerous but each with a
short hair attached anteriorly; scales in great part opalescent..verrucifer

D. segnis of LeConte (Pac. R. R. Rep., 1857, App. 1, p. 56), is
rather abundant in the northern parts of California; it is uni-
formly and soberly clothed with small rounded pale brown scales
having a pearly lustre, but which become feebly metallic beneath
and on ue legs.

D. lecontei n. sp.—Elongate and narrow, strongly convex, black, the
antenn and legs black throughout; scales small, rounded, dense throughout,
pale greenish with coppery reflections, indefinitely nubilate with blackish on
the elytra and still more indefinitely clouded on the pronotum, the paler
scales more conspicuous on the femora in outer third. Head one-half as wide
as the prothorax, the head and entire beak densely clothed with greenish scales
intermingled with short hairs; interocular fovea wanting; eyes separated by
three times their own width; beak stout and thick, not twice as long as wide,
dilated at apex, thinner toward base in profile, two-thirds as long as the
prothorax, the transverse impression distinct; antennz very long and slender,
the scape extending rather beyond the base of the eyes, very slender, thickened
at apex, funicle as long as the entire prothorax, all the joints elongate, the
two basal greatly so, seventh longer than the sixth, club narrow, elongate and
acutely pointed. Prothorax as long as wide, the sides parallel and broadly
arcuate, more convergent near the base, the latter subequal to the apex, both
subtruncate, the ocular lobes short, broad and fimbriate; disk finely, sparsely
and scarcely visibly punctate, squamose and with short erect brownish hairs.
Scutellum extremely short, scarcely entering the disk. Elytra elongate, twice
as long as wide, only slightly more than twice as long as the prothorax and
but very slightly wider; sides parallel and very feebly arcuate, rather nar-
rowly rounded behind; suture strongly keeled at the summit of the apical de-
clivity, the latter nearly straight, deep and not quite perpendicular in profile;
disk with feebly impressed series of rather coarse, deep, moderately close-set
punctures, each enclosing a large rounded scale; intervals subequal, feebly
convex, generally equally so, but occasionally with the alternate intervals very
slightly more convex, having very short and unevenly distributed hairs in ad-
dition to the scaly vestiture. Abdomen densely scaly and pilose, the first

812 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

suture straight, feebly arcuate at the middle, the fifth segment impressed along
the middle in the male. Legs long, the anterior tibize very strongly bent near
the apex, denticulate along the inner edge. Length* 10.7-11.0 mm.; width
3.6-3.75 mm.

Washington State (Tacoma); Oregon.

One of the two males before me has a feebly impressed and en-
tire median line of the pronotum which is altogether wanting in
the other. I have not seen the female, but the elytra are prob-
ably shorter and broader in that sex, with the fifth ventral acutely
triangular and not broadly rounded. The internal spur at the

apex of the hind tibiz is extremely short and rudimentary.

D. verrucifer n. sp.—Ovoidal, strongly convex, black, the antennz
and tarsi not paler; vestiture consisting of small rounded opalescent and pale
bluish-gray scales, feebly and altogether indefinitely variegated with brown on
the elytra and more extensively on the pronotum, also having numerous short
erect hairs disposed without order on the elytral intervals. Head large and
convex, three-fifths as wide as the prothorax, the eyes separated by barely
three times their own width; beak rather stout, thick, much thinner toward
base in profile, not more than one-half longer than wide and two-thirds as long
as the prothorax, the transverse impression distinct; antennze long, the scape
extending almost to the prothorax, clavate at tip, the funicle filiform but rather
thick, scarcely as long as the prothorax, the second joint slightly longer than
the first and subequal to the next two together, seventh much longer and
thicker than the sixth, club very slender, gradually acute. Prothorax about
as long as wide, the sides parallel and broadly arcuate, somewhat more dis-
tinctly so near basal third; apex and base equal; ocular lobes very broad,
feeble and with a short dense fringe. lytra barely one-half longer than wide,
slightly more than twice as long as the prothorax and about one-half wider,
the sides parallel and broadly arcuate; humeri obsolete, the basal margin
however acute and prominent at the sides ; apex narrowly rounded; suture
strongly tuberculate at the summit of the declivity, thence deep, nearly
straight and subvertical in profile to the apex; serial punctures somewhat
coarse, deep, close-set, perforate and slightly elongate, each with a short an-
terior hair; intervals alternately flat and scarcely perceptibly convex. Abdo-
men rather finely and closely punctate, somewhat densely clothed with short
coarse whitish pubescence interspersed with a few scales, the first suture
straight and broadly, deeply impressed; fifth segment triangular and slightly
tumid along the middle. Legs long, the anterior tibize strongly and abruptly
bent near the apex and minutely and distantly denticulate along the inner
edge; terminal mucro of the hind tibiz rather distinct. Length 9.5 mm.;
width 4.2 mm.

Idaho (Fort Coeur d’Aléne). Lt. Jas. A. Leyden.

* The measurements of length exclude the beak but include the head in all
the Rhynchophora here described.

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 813

The single specimen is apparently a female, judging by the
rather obese form of the body and the corresponding form of
the fifth ventral in the female of segnis, but the tip of the ovipos-
itor is very acute and corneous.

AMNESIA Horn.

This genus is very closely allied to Dyslobus, but may be dis-
tinguished not only by the alternately convex elytral intervals,
but by the greater prominence of the ocular lobes; there is con-
siderable variation in the latter character, however, as is gener-
ally the case within generic limits, and the lobe is very much
shorter and less distinct in sculptilis than in tumida. The species
known to me may be thus outlined :—

Elytra sparsely but strongly tuberculose throughout, the sutural prominence

at the summit of the apical declivity very pronounced................tumida
Elytra not tuberculose, the sutural prominence moderate or feeble.
Antennal funicle very long, much longer than the beak.
Body stout, convex ; intervals tesselate with large black areas through-
Sean PRPC HEE aoc eadr ua tet asnock beac Suede dawn bv eu wasnosees granicollis
Body slender, at least in the male; elytral vestiture not much varie-
gated.

Legs black, the anterior femora distinctly elongated in the male.
discors
Legs red, the anterior femora not elongated in the male....sculptilis
Antennal funicle much shorter, scarcely longer than the beak; anterior legs
notably elongated in the male; body much smaller.................- debilis

A. granicollis Lec. (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1869, p. 380,—Dyslo-
bus), is northern in distribution, occurring in Vancouver Island
and Oregon. A. sculptilis Csy. (Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., IV, p.
250), occurs in California to the northward of San Francisco.

The serial punctures in Amnesia are never squamigerous, each
puncture having in all cases a small hair arising from its anterior
margin.

A. tumida n. sp.—Ovoidal, moderately convex above, black, the an-
tenn and tarsi piceo-rufous; vestiture consisting of small rounded scales
densely disposed in the interspaces between the shining tubercles, pale brown-
ish in color and intermingled throughout with numerous short sub-erect hairs,
the scales on the head and beak becoming long, slender and sparse. Head
fully one-half as wide as the prothorax, the entire surface of the head and
beak coarsely and densely punctato-rugose; transverse impression distinct;
eyes separated by scarcely more than twice their own width; beak stout and
thick, strongly dilated at apex, thinner in profile toward base, scarcely two-

814 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

thirds as long as the prothorax and one-half longer than wide, finely but strongly
carinate in the middle in more than basal half; antennz slender and very
long, the scape extending beyond the eyes, gradually clavate at apex, the funicle
nearly as long as the prothorax, the joints polished but with long sparse brist-
ling hairs, all elongate, the first and second greatly so, the first almost as long
as the second, the latter not as long as the next two combined, seventh scarcely
wider and but little longer than the sixth, club elongate, evenly fusiform. Pro-
thorax about as long as wide, the sides subparallel, broadly, almost evenly and
rather strongly arcuate; apex subtruncate, slightly narrower than the base,
the ocular lobes strong, fimbriate and about attaining the eyes; disk impressed
along the median line, more deeply near the apex, rather closely covered with
strong polished tubercles. Scutellum depressed, smooth, broadly triangular,
not entering the disk of the elytra. lytra two-fifths longer than wide,
slightly more than twice as long as the prothorax and nearly four-fifths wider,
sides parallel and broadly arenate; humeri obsolete but with the basal margin
acutely prominent at the sides; base broadly, feebly sinuate; apex rather nar-
rowly obtuse; disk strongly, tubercularly swollen on the suture at the summit
of the apical declivity, the latter deep and vertical in profile; alternate inter-
vals convex, more strongly so and tumid at the summit of the declivity;
strie unimpressed, the punctures moderate in size, each with a short anterior
hair, the entire surface covered with shining tubercles. Abdomen coarsely and
closely punctato-rugose, sparsely and coarsely pubescent, shining and not
squamose, the first suture nearly straight, feebly arcuate in the middle. Legs
rather long and stout, the anterior tibize bent at apex and finely denticulate
within; hind tibix with long hairs, the internal terminal uncus distinct.
Length 9.0-11.0 mm.; width 3.6-5.2 mm.

California (Sta. Cruz Mts.).

The description is taken from the female, the fifth ventral being
subtriangular and broadly tumid along the middle. The male is
smaller and much narrower, with the elytra only about one-fourth
wider than the prothorax and the fifth ventral broadly rounded ;
I can perceive no radical differences in the legs, but the seventh
antennal joint is more decidedly longer and thicker than the
sixth.

A. discors n. sp.—Elongate, strongly convex, black, the tarsi and an-
tenn piceo-rufous; body clothed with scales intermixed with short erect dark
hairs, the scales linear and dense on the head, sparse and hair-like on the beak,
small, rounded and rather dense between the small tubercles and submetal-
lic in color on the pronotum, a little larger, rounded, very dense and pale
brown throughout on the elytra, a transversely arcuate series of uneven spots
at the summit of the apical declivity white. Head about one-half as wide as
the prothorax, the head coarsely, densely, the beak still more coarsely, densely
and rugosely punctured; transverse impression distinct; eyes separated by
barely twice their own width; beak nearly twice as long as wide, two-thirds

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 815

as long as the prothorax, feebly carinate in the middle toward base; anten-
ne long and slender, the scape extending scarcely beyond the eyes, gradually
clavate toward tip and clothed throughout with coarse yellowish hairs, funicle
distinctly shorter than the prothorax, clothed with coarse bristling hairs, the
two basal joints much elongated and equal, seventh very much longer and
thicker than the sixth, club elongate, acutely pointed and fusiform. Prothorax
nearly as long as wide, the sides parallel, broadly and evenly arcuate, apex and
base subequai, the former broadly arcuate; ocular lobes strong, fimbriate and
attaining the eyes; disk very slightly uneven, closely covered with fine polished
tubercles. Elytra two-thirds longer than wide, rather more than twice as long
as the-prothorax and about one-fourth wider, the sides parallel and broadly
arcuate; apex broadly obtuse; humeri obsolete; base broadly, deeply emar-
ginate, the margin acute and prominent at the sides; suture straight and sub-
vertical at apex in profile, the intervals alternately flat and convex, the con-
vexity more pronounced at the summit of the declivity, the sutural intervals
not so distinctly so however as the third; serial punctures moderate in size and
distance, each with a small anterior hair; surface throughout with very small
sparse and black subtuberculate punctures. Abdomen shining though rugosely
sculptured, coarsely pubescent, with a few scales toward the sides near the
base, the first suture very coarse, straight, broadly and feebly arcuate in about
median third, the second segment barely equal to the next two. Legs long
and slender, the anterior strikingly longer and thicker in the male, the ante-
‘rior tibie internally bent at apex and denticulate within; tibie densely
clothed with long erect hairs, the inner spur of the posterior not visible.
Length 9.0 mm; width 3.5 mm.

California.

This species is allied to sculptilis, but differs in the color and
structure of the legs, tubercular and not confusedly rugose sculp-
ture of the pronotum, smaller serial punctures, and presence of a
transversely arcuate series of white spots at the summit of the
apical declivity. The description is drawn from the male, the
fifth ventral being broadly rounded. ‘Two specimens.

A. debilis n. sp.—Narrow, subparallel, strongly convex, black, the tarsi
and antennz rufo-piceous; body clothed with small rounded scales plentifully
intermixed with rather short, coarse and brownish hairs, which are very con-
spicuous on the elytra, the scales on the head elliptical, dense and subcupreous,
becoming sparser on the beak, moderately dense and submetallic on the pro-
notum, quite dense and pale brownish on the elytra. Head quite distinctly
less than one-half as wide as the prothorax, the eyes separated by scarcely
twice their own width; transverse impression distinct; beak nearly twice as
long as wide and three-fourths as long as the prothorax, rugosely sculptured,
not distinctly carinate; antenne long but rather thick, coarsely pubescent,
the scape extending to about the base of the eyes, funicle of the usual struc-
ture but less elongate. Prothorax not quite as long as wide, the sides strongly

816 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

arcuate; apex feebly arcuate, much narrower than the base, the ocular lobes
strong and attaining the eyes; disk very slightly uneven, narrowly impressed
along the median line, the surface not tuberculose but very obscurely punc-
tured. lytra two-thirds longer than wide, much more than twice as long as
the prothorax but not more than one-fifth wider, the sides parallel and feebly
arcuate; apex broadly obtuse; humeri obsolete but with the basal margin
acute and prominent at the sides; base broadly emarginate in circular are;
suture strongly declivous and nearly straight in profile at apex, but making
an angle of scarcely more than forty-five degrees with the side margins and
not abruptly limited above, the intervals alternately flat and moderately con-
vex but only slightly more prominent at the summit of the declivity, the third
more noticeably tumid; serial punctures moderately coarse and close-set, each
with the usual hair, the surface not visibly punctate or rugose. Abdomen
shining, feebly punctato-rugose, sparsely pubescent and with a few scales to-
ward the sides, the first suture straight, feebly arcuate in the middle. Legs
moderate, the anterior longer in the male, the anterior tibiz denticulate within
and very strongly bent at apex. Length 6.5 mm.; width 2.5 mm.

Oregon.

The unique type is a male, as shown by its narrow form and
broadly rounded fifth ventral; the first segment is strongly im-
pressed in the middle at the posterior margin.

ADALERES pn. gen.

In general organization this genus is closely allied to Dyslobus,
differing in the fine and broadly arcuate first suture of the ab-
domen, and in having the second ventral much longer than the
next two combined. The apex of the hind tibiz is oblique and
somewhat cavernous, but not distinctly unguiculate The two
species may be distinguished as follows :—

Humeri broadly rounded; elytral intervals not alternating in convexity or
only very slightly so near the apex; pronotum nearly smooth and densely
and "evenly SQUAMOSCas.2 5c ceeeres corer ocee tee eree aces eee eco mentee eeeee ovipennis

Humeri oblique, obtusely prominent at a slight distance behind the base;
elytra more oblong and less oval, the intervals alternately more convex, the
suture prominently keeled at the posterior declivity; pronotum coarsely
granulose and irregularly squamose................0--sesee-ssereoeees humeralis

This genus differs further from Dyslobus in having the first
three joints of the antennal funicle more or less distinctly elon-
gated. The serial punctures of the elytra are rather small, some-
what distant, each enclosing a rounded scale attached anteriorly.

A. Ovipennis n. sp.—Elongate-oval, strongly convex, black, the anten-
nz and tarsi not paler; body very densely clothed throughout to the tip of

Coleopterological Notices. V1. 817

the beak with small rounded uniformly pale brownish, closely adherent scales,
intermingled with numerous short erect hairs, the scales of the pronotum
slightly larger. Head large, convex, a little more than one-half as wide as the
prothorax, the eyes separated by slightly more than twice their own width;
transverse impression moderately deep but evident; beak stout and long, not
quite twice as long as wide, slightly shorter than the prothorax, rather
abruptly and strongly dilated at apex, densely squamose and nearly smooth,
the sculpture not evident, having a deep oval perforate dorsal fovea near api-
al third, the median line thence finely and feebly carinate to the base; anten-
ne long, the scape relatively rather short, only extending slightly upon the
eyes, the funicle very long, about as long as the prothorax, sparsely brist-
ling with long hairs, the basal joint slightly longer than the second, the latter
much longer than the third, which is in turn quite distinctly longer than the
fourth, seventh much longer than the sixth, obconical, club not longer than
the last two joints of the funicle, gradually pointed. Prothorax relatively
small, not quite’as long as wide, the sides parallel and feebly arcuate, becom-
ing gradually almost straight in basal half, a little more convergent and
rounded near the apex, which is truncate and not quite as wide as the base;
ocular lobes small, moderately developed, briefly fimbriate, not quite attaining
the eyes; disk even, very obsoletely impressed along the median line and without
exposed sculpture. lytra large, oval, rather more than one-half longer than
wide, more than three times as long as the prothorax and two and one-third
times as wide, the sides parallel and arcuate; apex acute; humeri broadly
rounded and obsolete, the basal margin not rounded but not prominent at the
sides, the base evenly sinuate in circular are and equal in width to the base of the
prothorax; disk even, the suture becoming slightly prominent near the decliv-
ity, which is subvertical and feebly sinuate in profile; serial punctures small
and rather distant, each with a large scale; intervals wide, equal and very
feebly convex, very evenly and extremely densely squamose. Abdomen nearly
flat, densely squamose and pilose. Legs long, the anterior tibize gradually bent
toward apex, sparsely denticulate within; posterior strongly dilated at apex;
third tarsal joint very widely bilobed. Length 10.8-14.5 mm ; width 4.3-
6.3 mm.

California (Sonoma Co.).

The description is drawn from the female, the fifth ventral be-
ing equilatero-triangular and nearly flat. The male is smaller
and much more slender, but does not differ in the form of the
legs. The prothorax in the male frequently has the sides feebly
convergent and nearly straight from apical fifth or sixth to the
base, and the fifth ventral is parabolic in outline. This species
does not appear to be rare, and I have before me a large series;
one specimen is marked ‘‘ Mojave Desert,” but possibly in error.
In some individuals a sublateral sulcus of the beak is quite pro.
nounced, but the character is gradually evanescent.

818 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

_ A. humeralis n. sp.—Oblong-oval, moderately convex above, black,
the antennze and tarsi not paler; body clothed with small rounded and closely
adherent, dark red-brown scales, with short sparse and whitish hairs inter-
mingled, the scales dense and feebly cupreous on the head and beak. Head
large, convex, rather more than one-half as wide as the prothorax; eyes sep-
arated by between two and three times their own width; transverse impression
feeble; beak very stout, subcylindrical, thick, thinner toward base in profile,
rather feebly but abruptly dilated at apex, one-half longer than wide and
slightly shorter than the prothorax; antennze very long, inserted almost at the
extreme apex, the scape impinging on the eyes and gradually increasing in
width from the base, the apex clavate, funicle longer than the prothorax,
sparsely setose, the first three joints notably elongate, the first longer than the
second or third, the latter equal, three to six gradually shorter, the latter only
a little longer than wide, seventh one-half longer than the sixth, obconical,
club rather small, narrow, pointed. Prothorax somewhat wider than long, the
sides subparallel and broadly, almost evenly arcuate; apex-truncate, a little
narrower than the base; ocular lobes distinct; disk even in convexity, coarsely,
subtubercularly sculptured, the interspaces squamose, the median line very
finely and feebly impressed. £ilytra two-fifths longer than wide, nearly
three times as long as the prothorax and twice as wide; sides parallel and
very feebly arcuate behind the obtuse post-basal protuberance; apex acute;
base sinuato-truncate, the basal margin not rounded but not prominent at the
sides; disk finely and extremely densely squamose throughout, the intervals
wide, alternately flat and broadly convex, the convexity only slightly more
marked behind, except the sutural interval, which becomes strongly promi-
nent at the summit of the apical declivity, the latter not very deep, or abrupt
but vertical and broadly sinuate in profile. Abdomen densely squamose and
sparsely pubescent, the first suture fine and broadly arcuate, the first two seg-
ments very large; fifth flat and rather acutely triangular. Legs long, the an-
terior tibiz slightly bent inward at apex, the internal denticles not very dis-
tinct; posterior straight. Length 9.0-12.5 mm.; width 3.75-5.7 mm.

California (Sta. Barbara).

The description is taken from the female, and the male is much
smaller and narrower, with more oval and less rectilateral elytra.
The beak is finely carinate and with the surface somewhat uneven
in broad longitudinal folds. Five specimens.

NOMIDUS n.gen.

In this genus the elytra are oval, with the humeri rounded and
the basal margin rather obtuse at the sides, the beak and scrobes
as in Amnesia, the legs notably shorter and the hind tibiz not
distinctly mucronate. It differs from Amnesia in the fine, broadly
arcuate first ventral suture, and, from all the other genera of the
Dyslobus group, in the obliteration of the met-episternal suture.

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 819

This genus has some relationship also with Phymatinus, but dif-
fers in its transverse frontal impression and shorter second ven-
tral segment. The single species known at present may be de-
scribed as follows :—

N. abruptus n. sp.—Oval, convex, black, the antennz not paler; tarsi
dark rufous; integuments extremely densely clothed to the tip of the beak
with rounded, uniformly dark red-brown and strongly strigose overlapping
scales, a longitudinal line at each side of the prothorax in basal half white.
Head moderately large, barely one-half as wide as the prothorax; eyes sepa-
rated by scarcely more than twice their own width, the scales immedi-
ately bordering them above whitish; transverse impression somewhat feeble;
beak more than one-half longer than wide and nearly as long as the prothorax,
moderately stout, very strongly and rather abruptly dilated at apex, flattened
but not distinctly carinate above, very obsoletely and longitudinally sulcate
near the sides, the scrobes flexed downward, rapidly becoming shallow and
disappearing at scarcely more than one-half the distance to the eyes ; antennz
moderately elongate, rather stout, the scape extending to about anterior third
of the eyes, stout, somewhat claviform and densely squamose, funicle coarsely
setose and with shorter denser hairs, the two basal joints more elongate, sev-
enth longer and much thicker than the sixth, not quite as long as wide, club
elongate-oval, moderately stout, longer than the two preceding joints com-
bined and gradually, acutely pointed. Prothorax not quite as long as wide,
the sides subparallel, broadly and obtusely subangulate just before the mid-
dle, thence nearly straight to base and apex, the base wider than the apex with
the margin slightly prominent at the sides; apex truncate, the ocular lobes
large, strongly rounded, almost attaining the eyes and with an extremely
short coarse loose fringe; disk rather coarsely and indefinitely rugose, finely
impressed along the median Jine except toward base. Scutellum very small
but entering the disk of the elytra, flat, deeply depressed, acutely angulate and
longer than wide. lytra stout, two-fifths longer than wide, two and one-half
times as long as the prothorax and not quite twice as wide, the sides rounded,
gradually more convergent posteriorly, the apex acutely rounded; intervals
alternately flat and perfectly evenly paved with scales without trace of sete or
punctures, the convex intervals having large, elongate, decumbent strigose and
darker scales in addition; serial punctures not very large or close-set, each en-
closing a large scale; suture rather more prominent behind, the declivity dis-
tinctly inflexed throughout in profile. Abdomen flat, densely clothed with a
mixture of rounded and elongate strigose scales of various shades of gray and
brown, the elongate scales becoming longer, more erect, stout hairs toward
apex. Met-episterna not defined by a visible suture. Legs rather short and
stout, the hind tibize bent outward distally; third tarsal joint strongly bi-
lobed. Length 7.5 mm.; width 3.5 mm.

California.
The head, beak and pronotum haye, in addition to the scaly

ANNALS.N. Y. ACAD. Scr., VIII, Nov., 1895.—55

820 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

covering, some short, slender, more or less erect strigose-scales
or seale-like hairs. The unique type has the fifth ventral flat
and narrowly parabolic in outline. The contrast between the
evenly imbricate flat, and the dual vestiture of the convex inter-
vals, is very striking.

MELBONUS n. gen.

Body elongate-oval and strongly convex, the surface nearly
smooth and densely squamose. Head not separated from the
beak by a transverse depression, having a minute interocular
fovea. Eyes oval, convex, distant. from the prothorax and very
obtusely pointed beneath. Beak only slightly narrower than the
head, longer than wide, feebly dilated at apex, the ale broadly
rounded. Mentum large, filling the entire buccal opening. Scrobes
narrow, deep and well defined throughout, obliquely descending
to the lower angle of the eye. Antenne long, the scape rather
thick and short, gradually enlarged at apex, extending beyond
the middle of the eyes; funicle long but somewhat thick, filiform,
the two basal joints longer, the second longer than the first and
about twice as long as wide; three to six equal and only slightly
longer than wide; seventh slightly thicker and much longer than
the sixth, obconical; club well developed, fusiform, somewhat
obliquely pointed, as long as joints four to six of the funicle
combined, and about twice as thick. Ocular lobes completely
obsolete and with the edge not at all fimbriate. Scutellum very
short and broad, not entering the disk of the elytra. Prosternum
extremely short and broadly, feebly sinuate before the coxe, long
and subecarinate along the middle behind them. Middle coxe
narrowly, the posterior more widely separated. Metasternum
moderately long, the episterna narrow, internally and angularly
prominent anteriorly, defined by a distinct suture. Abdomen
long, the first suture moderately coarse, straight at the sides,
arcuate in median half; second segment much longer than the
next two combined. J.egs moderately long and rather stout, the
femora not much inflated; anterior tibize only feebly arcuate
toward apex, not denticulate within, the posterior straight, mod-
erately dilated at apex, the articular surface oblique and with a
double outer edge, the internal spur not distinct; tarsi well de-
veloped, spongy-pubescent beneath, the third joint broadly bi-
lobed; claws rather long, divergent.

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 821

As the supports of the-deciduous pieces of the mandibles are
very prominent, I am disposed to place this genus near Diamimus.
It however differs greatly in having no vestige of a transverse
depression separating the head from the beak.

M. scapatis n. sp.—Narrowly ovoida], black, the antennz and tarsi not
paler; body densely clothed above and beneath with rather small, oval, slightly
overlapping and strongly strigose scales, which are pale brownish in color but
becoming indefinitely whitish along the flanks and beneath, and very feebly
variegated with a slightly paler tint at the base and near the apical declivity
of the elytra, the scales intermingled throughout with numerous short, stout,
erect and brownish hairs which are unevenly arranged on the elytra. Head
scarcely one-half as wide as the prothorax, the eyes prominent and separated
by two and one-half times their own width; beak short and broad, one-fourth
longer than wide, two-thirds as long as the prothorax and distinctly longer
than the head, broadly impressed along the middle toward apex but not cari-
nate or otherwise modified; antennal scape densely clothed with narrow
whitish scales and bristling with sparse erect sete, the funicle equally bristling
and also clothed densely with short stout appressed whitish hairs, the club
equally densely clothed with stout brown hairs and with a few short erect
setee. Prothorax not quite as long as wide; apex and base rectilinearly trun-
cate, the former distinctly the narrower; sides evenly and distinctly arcuate;
disk densely squamose, finely, sparsely punctate and with a feebly and indefi-
nitely impressed median line. Flytra three-fourths longer than wide, not
quite three times as long as the prothorax and fully one-half wider; sides par-
allel, evenly and broadly arcuate, the apex rather narrowly rounded; base
strongly sinuate, the humeri obsolete, the basal edge not prominent but also
not rounded at the sides; disk with scarcely impressed series of rather small
deep and distant punctures, each bearing a slender whitish strigose scale; in-
tervals equal, almost flat, finely, sparsely punctate, densely squamose, each
puncture bearing a stout erect hair. Abdomen densely griseo-squamose and
with short sparse and whitish erect hairs; fifth segment parabolic in outline.
Length 8.5 mm.; width 3.25 mm.

Arizona.

The sex of the single type specimen is not determinable at
present. The posterior declivity of the elytra is rather deep and
nearly straight and vertical in profile, but the summit is not
prominent and joins the general outline of the upper surface by a
broadly rounded arc.

CURCULIONID A.
LEPYRUS Schonh.

The species of Lepyrus are moderately numerous in the colder
parts of the North American continent, and are mutually dis-

822 Coleopterologieal Notices, VI.

tinguishable by sculptural features which appear to be virtually
constant and easily perceived, The characters made use of by
LeConte for the separation of palustris Scop. (=colon L.) and
geminatus, are not at all satisfactory, and there is every reason to
suppose that the species of Say, is identical with the one which
we have heretofore regarded as colon Linn., on the authority of
Kirby and Schonherr. On this hypothesis the American species
may be defined as follows :—

Elytral intervals alternating both in width and convexity, separated rather by
continuous striz than by series of punctures.

The intervals differing greatly in width but polished and coarsely and sim-
ilarly rugose throughout; strize well impressed and marked by a continu-
ous line of white squamules; elytra without trace of an ante-median
SUUAMOSE SPObs. < ac. '~s's seisesojenise a see's ee ssnsiatensene aoasee Ae eeeeeceeeeee semellus

The intervals alternately slightly narrower, more depressed and much more

finely sculptured; rostral carina broad and feeble.

Elytra with numerous irregular condensed areas of pale scales through-
out, the usual spot before the middle not distinguishable; narrower
intervals clothed in great part with denser brown squamules.

errans

Elytra each with a small spot of condensed squamules before the middle.

alternans

The intervals differing but slightly in width and convexity and similarly
finely and rugosely sculptured throughout, the narrower intervals clothed
in great part with darker brownish scales; elytra each with a condensed
spot of pale scales before the middle; rostral carnia fine, strongly elevated
SUING GYNAUES foe Sete coats oe eee ae oo eee ope ann eee ee canadensis

Elytral intervals mutually similar as nearly so and similarly clothed through-
out, separated by series of detached punctures; each elytron constantly
with asmall pale squamose spot before the middle.

Serial punctures moderately large, rounded and less unequal among them-

selves.

Beak finely carinate throughout.

Elytra about twice as wide as the prothorax, having numerous small
condensed spots of ochreous scales situated between the serial punc-
tures! fOrmM StO Wt. i.5.steemes seoeoceer eset s ss oe dee eseccmseeeeeae pinguis

Elytra evidently less than twice as wide as the prothorax, the humeri
less exposed at base and the elytra more gradually declivous behind

in profile; vestiture much less demse.............:::s0200es seminatus
Beak not carinate toward base; elytra twice as wide as the prothorax,
the sutural angles prominent...............c0scsscsscessesececesece oregonus

Serial punctures very unequal in size and unevenly spaced, the larger elon-
gate, deep, perforate and very conspicuous; elytra deeply notched at apex,
the suturall angies prominent,.-.:c-.0<--c0srestsec- aeeusessonasene ss perforatus

a

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 823

L. gemellus Kirby—Faun. Bor. Am., IV, p. 198, Pl. 5, f. 7; Mann.:
Bull. Mosc., 1852, ii, p. 351; Lec.: Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XV, p. 127.

Elongate-oval, the elytra gradually declivous behind, black,
clothed with narrow white scales in the elytral sulci, in the usual
oblique sublateral pronotal vittze and less densely on the head,
beak and toward the median parts of the pronotum Beak long
and strongly carinate, the two basal joints of the antennal funi-
cle equal and moderately elongate. Prothorax large, about as
long as wide, strongly carinate. Elytra oval, gradually ogival
behind, the sutural notch very small, three times as long as the
prothorax and much less than twice as wide. Length 12.5 mm.;
width 5.5 mm.

Hudson Bay Territory and Alaska. The legs are long and the
femora are not annulate, as is the case in most of the species, but
the sublateral abdominal spots of condensed scales are distinct.

L. errans n. sp.—Elongate-oval, black, the integuments polished through-
out when denuded; vestiture consisting of narrow scales, longer, sparser and
hair-like on the median parts of the pronotum and along the rostral carina,
whitish in the usual oblique sublateral vittee of the pronotum and in nume-
rous small condensed spots on the elytra, the narrower and more depressed in-
tervals clothed in great part with pale yellowish scales; abdomen with the
usual sublateral series of small condensed whitish spots. Head much less than
one-half as wide as the prothorax, densely albido-squamulose, the eyes sepa-
rated by rather less than twice their own width; interocular fovea narrow,
deep and elongate; beak slightly longer than the prothorax, densely punctato-
rugose, squamulose and feebly carinate above throughout, the apical dilatation
moderately gradual; basal joint of the antennal funicle distinctly longer than
the second, the latter only a little longer than wide. Prothorax large, one-
fourth wider than long, the sides feebly divergent and nearly straight from
the base to about the middle, there obtusely subangulate and thence more con-
vergent and somewhat reéntrant to the apex, which is three-fourths as wide as
the base; disk coarsely rugose, with a pronounced median carina. Elytra
much less than twice as wide as the prothorax and less than one-half longer
than wide, gradually declivous behind, the sutural angles scarcely divergent;
Strie rather indefinitely punctate, the intervals rugose, the narrower much
less coarsely and strongly than the wider. Length 12.0 mm.; width 5.4 mm.

New Mexico. Mr. Wickham.

This distinct species may be identified by the peculiar disposi-
tion of the vestiture and other characters as given in the table.
One specimen.

L. alternans n. sp.—Elongate and moderately stout, black throughout,
the integuments rather dull when denuded; elytra each with a small spot of

824 Coleopterological Notices, V1.

pale scales just before the middle. Head less than one-half as wide as the pro-
thorax, short, broadly conical, rather coarsely and closely punctate, scarcely
at all rugose; eyes moderately convex, separated on the front by more than
twice their own width, the interocular fovea in the form of a short and deep
canaliculation; beak as long as the prothorax, rather stout and convex, parallel,
the apical dilatation somewhat abrupt, surface coarsely, closely and unevenly
punctate, the dorsal carina subentire but feebly elevated; antennz long and
stout, the two basal joints of the funicle equal and elongate, the next four
small, equal and subglobular, the seventh wider, forming a broad support for
the elongate and pointed club, as usual. Prothorax one-fifth wider than long,
the sides parallel and feebly sinuate to about apical third, then rapidly
rounded and convergent to the broadly subtubulate apex, which is three-fourths
as wide as the base; disk very densely punctato-rugose, the median carina dis-
tinct throughout. Elytra oval, one-half longer than wide, three-fourths wider
than the prothorax, the sides parallel and broadly arcuate, converging toward
the humeral angles which are but little exposed; disk gradually declivous be-
hind, the apex conjointly rounded, the sutural angles not at all produced;
alternate intervals narrower, more depressed and much more finely sculptured,
the broader not coarsely rugose. Length 10.0-11.3 mm.; width 4.4-4.8 mm.

New Hampshire.

Distinguishable from canadensis by its more elongate form,
much more gradually and feebly declivous apical parts of the
elytra, more obtuse rostral carina and more finely and less
rugosely sculptured elytra. The two specimens before me are
almost completely denuded throughout, so that it is impossible
to describe the vestiture.

L. canadensis n. sp.—Stout, suboval, strongly convex, black, the ru-
gosities polished; vestiture consisting of moderately dense slender scales, pale
brownish in color, variegated with nubilate patches of white toward the sides
of the elytra, with a white spot before the middle of each, the narrower inter-
vals principally clothed with brown scales; oblique vittz of the prothorax
narrow and white. Head densely clothed with long hair-like brownish squam-
ules, a large median area sparsely punctate, shining and almost glabrous, the
fovea in the form of a deep elongate sulcus; eyes convex, separated by fully
twice their own width; beak stout, slightly flattened, a little longer than the
prothorax, bent and rather rapidly dilated toward apex, roughly punctato-ru-
gose, the carina strong and entire; antennz with the two basal joints of the
funicle elongate and equal. Prothorax only slightly wider than long, the sides.
parallel and slightly uneven to about apical third, then rounded to the broadly
subtubulate and truncate apex; disk very roughly and tubercularly rugose,
the carina strong, extending very nearly to the basal margin. Elytra less than
one-half longer than wide, fully twice as wide as the prothorax, obtusely
rounded behind, the suture with a very minute notch, the angles not promi-
nent; umbones feeble, each marked bya feeble point of white scales; humeri

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 825

somewhat exposed at base; disk evenly rugulose throughout; strize rather nar-
row, deep and not distinctly punctate. Length 11.0 mm.; width 5.0 mm.

Canada (northwest).

Quite distinct from geminatus by the sculpture of the elytra,
and from alternans by the equal rugosity of the elytral inter-
vals. The elytra are rapidly declivous behind in profile.

L. pinguis n. sp.—Obese, black and polished when denuded, densely
clothed with narrow pale brown scales intermixed with still narrower white
scales, and variegated on the elytra with small condensed spots of the brown
scales situated between the serial punctures; oblique sublateral vittze of the
pronotum broad, yellow and uneven; elytra each with a more conspicuous
ochreous spot before the middle; abdomen with the sublateral yellowish spots
small. Head one-half as wide as the prothorax, densely squamose, the eyes
separated by about twice their own width, the fovea small and elongate; beak
large, distinctly longer than the prothorax and broader than in the allied
species, rather gradually dilated at apex, densely rugose, the median carina
fine and very feeble; antennal funicle bristling with long white hairs, the two
basal joints elongate and equal. Prothorax one-fourth wider than long, the
sides parallel, just visibly converging toward base, rounded anteriorly to the
feebly subtubulate apex, the latter fully three-fourths as wide as the base;
disk strongly and closely rugose and distinctly carinate. Elytra not one-half
longer than wide and almost twice as wide as the prothorax, the sides parallel
and nearly straight from behind the humeri to the middle, then gradually
convergent, the apex rather narrowly rounded; humeri rounded but unusu-
ally widely exposed at base; disk strongly and arcuately declivous behind,
the sutural angles very slightly but obtusely prominent; sculpture uniformly
finely, densely and strongly rugose, the serial punctures moderately large, dis-
tant and differing somewhat in size. Length 10.5 mm.; width 4.9 mm.

Colorado (Rocky Mts.).

This species is allied to geminatus and the Huropean palustris,
but is distinguishable from the former by its more obese form,
stouter beak and coarser punctuation, more exposed humeri, more
declivous elytra and denser vestiture, and from the latter by the
rostral carina and many other characters.

L. seminatus Say—Cure., p: 12; ed. Lec., J,, p: 2733 colon Sch., Kirby.
and Lee. nee Linn. :

Rather narrowly suboval, black, the rugosities shining; body
not very densely clothed throughout with small slender brown
and whitish scales, with minute denser whitish clusters separating
the serial punctures ; dense sublateral vittee of the pronotum yel-
lowish, narrow and strongly oblique; each elytron with a small
rounded spot of dense yellowish scales just before the middle; ab-

826 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

dominal spots distinct and ochreous in color. Head much less
than one-half as wide as the prothorax, densely punctate, squam-
ulose, the fovea small and slightly elongate ; eyes rather convex,
separated by perceptibly less than twice their own width; beak
slender, about as long as the prothorax, somewhat gradually di-
lated at apex, densely punctate, the dorsal carina strong and sub-
entire; antenne moderately stout, the second funicular joint a
little narrower and much longer than the first. Prothorax one-
fourth wider than long, the sides unevenly convergent from base
to apex, obtusely prominent before the middle; apex not more
than two-thirds as wide as the base, rectilinearly truncate as
usual; disk coarsely and densely punctato-rugose, the median
carina narrow and strongly elevated. Elytra nearly one-half
longer than wide, distinctly less than twice as wide as the pro-
thorax, gradually and arcuately narrowed in ogive behind the
middle, the sutural angles individually slightly and obtusely
prominent; humeri rounded to the prothorax; disk in profile
gradually and rather feebly declivous behind to the immediate
apex, which is somewhat porrect, finely and densely punctato-
rugose throughout. Length 9.0-10.2 mm.; width 3.9-4.5 mm.

Wisconsin (Bayfield,—Mr. Wickham) and Missouri. This spe-
cies has heretofore been confounded with the European palustris
Scop., which it somewhat resembles. It differs however from pa-
lustris, as represented by the numerous European examples be-
fore me, in its more elongate form, much larger and more trans-
verse prothorax carinate along the middle, in its carinate beak
and much sparser vestiture. In the European species the beak
is still more slender, more cylindrical and is generally wholly
devoid of carina, though having occasionally a feeble trace, and
the pronotum is not carinate as it is in geminatus.

L. oregonus n. sp.—Somewhat narrow and elongate, moderately convex,
black and rather dull, the vestiture nearly as in geminatus. Head fully one-
half as wide as the» prothorax, the fovea small, rounded, deep and perforate;
eyes convex and separated by about twice their own width; beak long and
slender, very feebly arcuate, much longer than the prothorax and subcylindrical,
moderately punctato-rugose, the carina feeble, wholly obsolete toward base;
antennz long and slender, the second funicular joint narrower and almost one-
half longer than the first. Prothorax small, only just visibly wider than long,
the sides parallel and nearly straight to slightly beyond the middle, then un-
evenly convergent and sinuate to the apex, which is fully three-fourths as wide
as the base; disk coarsely rugose, the median carina narrow and very strongly

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 827

elevated. Elyfra fully one-half longer than wide, twice as wide as the pro-
thorax, gradually narrowed behind, with the sides arcuate behind the middle,
the sutural angles individually somewhat acutely and distinctly prominent;
humeral angles rounded, transversely exposed at base; disk with series of
punctures of varying sizes, the larger nearly one-half as wide as the intervals
but rounded, the surface finely and rather feebly punctato-rugose. Length
10.5 mm.; width 4.4 mm.

Oregon.

Allied to geminatus, but differing in the more elongate form,
much smaller and less transverse prothorax, longer and almost
non-carinate beak, coarser serial punctures and more prominent
sutural angles of the elytra.

L. perforatus n. sp.—Elongate, the rugosities polished, black through-
out, the vestiture rather dense, consisting of gray or rust-brown slender scales,
variegated, especially toward the sides of the elytra, with small and paler
spots of dense scales, the oblique vitts of the pronotum rather narrow but
well marked, straight and generally with an external spur at the middle;
abdominal spots well developed. Head about one-half as wide as the pro-
thorax, densely squamulose, the scales of the beak longer, whiter and hair-like;
interocular fovea deep, narrow and fusiform; eyes rather convex, separated by
somewhat less than twice their own width; beak long and somewhat stout,
longer than the prothorax, straight but bent downward from the point of an-
tennal insertion, the surface roughly punctato-rugose, the carina feeble and
subobsolete near the base; antennze long, the second funicular joint much
longer than the first, the seventh transverse. Prothorax only slightly wider
than long, the sides subparallel, sometimes slightly convergent toward base,
rough and uneven, constricted behind the apex, the latter broad, truncate and
tubulate; disk rugose, the median carina narrow and strong, disappearing in
the median impression at the base. E/ytra more than one-half longer than
wide, generally not quite twice as wide as the prothorax, the sides parallel
and broadly rounded, the apex triangular with feebly arcuate sides which are
discontinuous with the sides from the umbones to the base, the sutural angles
individually angulate and separated by a pronounced notch; disk gradually
rounded and declivous behind in profile, the tips explanate, the surface uni-
formly and finely rugose,, the series alternately perceptibly more approximate;
serial punctures differing greatly in size and generally widely spaced, the
larger very elongate, deep, coarse and perforate. Legs long, the femora with
a ring of pale scales at apical third as usual. Length 10.3-12.0 mm.; width
4.1-5.25 mm.

British Columbia; Washington State; California (Yreka,
Siskiyou Co.)

An abundant species in the northern Pacific coast regions and
one of the most strikingly distinct of the genus. EKach elytron

828 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

has the usual small spot of pale scales before the middle of the
disk, but otherwise there is scarcely any resemblance to geminatus.
Numerous specimens.

LISFRONOTUS Jekel.

The form described below is remarkable in having angulate
prominences behind the humeri, which may be homologous with
the corresponding protuberances in Plectromodes.

L. scapularis n. sp.—Parallel and somewhat stout, moderately convex,
black, densely clothed throughout with brown scales nearly uniform in color, on
the pronotum slightly larger but not obscuring the punctures and slightly paler
in a feeble oblique line at each side and in the middle toward base. Head a
little less than one-half as wide as the prothorax, densely fulvo-squamulose,
the eyes separated by nearly four times their own width; beak long, about as
long as the head and prothorax, straight, bent downward and gradually dilated
toward tip, tricarinate above, squamose and densely punctato-rugose through-
out; antennz long and slender, inserted near the apex, the scrobes long, deep,
coarse, straight and horizontal, scape very long, slender, feebly enlarged dis-
tally, second joint of the funicle greatly elongate, more than twice as long as
the first and almost as long as the next four combined. Prothorax two-fifths
wider than long, the sides subparallel, conspicuously and almost evenly arcu-
ate, a little more convergent toward apex than base, the former three-fourths
as wide as the latter, truncate, the ocular lobes well developed; base broadly
arcuate; disk sparsely, moderately coarsely punctate, each puncture bearing a
small stiff hair. Scutellum circular, densely clothed with pale whitish scales.
Elytra three-fifths longer than wide, between three and four times as long as
the prothorax and nearly one-half wider; sides parallel and straight behind
the post-humeral projection, outwardly oblique and straight from the base to
the apex of the angulate prominence, gradually rounded in about apical third,
the subapical umbones well marked; disk finely striate, the striz finely,
feebly and indistinctly punctate; intervals flat, finely, sparsely punctate, each
puncture bearing a small stout hair. Abdomen densely squamose on the two
basal segments, thence coarsely pubescent with squamose sublateral areas
to the apex; legs long, densely squamose and with short stiff sparse hairs,
the scales paler toward the femoral apices. Length 12.0 mm.; width 5.0 mm.
(across the post-humeral angular prominences 5.5 mm. ).

Texas (El Paso). Mr. Dunn.

This large and distinct species may be placed near callosus
Lec., for the present, but is not closely allied to any other thus

far described. The type is probably a female. Two specimens. —

L. tessellatus n. sp.—Elongate-oval, strongly convex, black, the tibizx,
tarsi and antennze rufo-piceous; scales very dense, rounded and with radiating
strigosity, only slightly larger on the pronotum but more distinct, cinereous-

—_— —_ ee

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 829

white in color with two large transverse areas of black at the base of the pro-
notum and two smaller and feebler at the middle, the elytra with numerous
isolated or partially anastomosing black spots throughout the extent; head
densely, the beak more sparsely clothed with short narrow squamules. Head
three-fifths as wide as the prothorax, without a fovea but with a rounded spot
of pale scales between the eyes, the latter remotely separated; beak short and
stout, not as long as the prothorax, bent downward and feebly dilated toward
tip, finely, densely, rugosely punctate, with a single fine and feeble dorsal
carinula; antennz rather short and thick, inserted at outer third or fourth,
the second funicular joint not quite twice as long as the first and but slightly
longer than the next three, the third longer than the fourth. Prothorax small,
slightly wider than long, the sides arcuate; apex truncate, more than three-
fourths as wide as the base, which is but feebly arcuato-truncate; ocular lobes
moderately developed; disk evenly convex, finely, sparsely punctate, each
puncture with a small suberect stout hair. Scutellum small, not conspicuous.
Elytra one-half longer than wide, scarcely three times as long as the prothorax
and one-half to nearly two-thirds wider, parallel and straight at the sides,
gradually obtusely rounded behind, humeri rounded to the prothorax, exposed
at base; subapical umbones obsolete; disk finely striate, the strive very finely,
scarcely distinctly punctate, the intervals feebly convex, finely, sparsely punc-
tate, each puncture bearing a stout erect and strigilate hair. Abdomen thinly
clothed with short stout hairs, squamose toward the sides, strongly and closely
punctate; legs moderately long, the femora more densely squamose and swol-
len distally but narrowed near the tip; hairs short, erect and sparse. Length
5.3-6.5 mm.; width 2.25-2.85 mm.

Colorado (Denver). Mr. Hugo Soltau.
A small but distinct species, quite conspicuous in maculation ;
it was taken by Mr. Soltau in considerable numbers. It may be

placed near rotundicollis in the arrangement recently proposed by
LeConte (Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XV, p. 128.)

PLECTROMODES n. gen. (Phytonomini).

Body oval, very convex and sparsely pubescent, the elytra
acutely prominent at the sides behind the humeri. Head sub-
globular, moderately inserted, the eyes scarcely convex, trans-
verse, distant from the base, somewhat coarsely faceted, mode-
rately separated above, remotely so beneath, truncate anteriorly,
gradually obtusely pointed beneath. Beak short, thick, cylindri-
cal, feebly dilated toward apex, the scrobes extending almost to
the tip, becoming partially visible from above, obliquely descend-
ing toward base and terminating at the lower angle of the eye.
Antenne inserted near the apex of the beak, the scape slender,
extending to the base, enlarged at apex; basal joint of the funicle

830 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

elongate, the second less elongate, three to seven short, gradually
wider, the club thick, oval, densely pubescent and four-jointed.
Mandibles stout, emarginate and bidentate at apex, the lower lobe
the longer and larger. Mentum trapezoidal, rather longer than
wide, not concealing the maxillary cardo; gular peduncle long,
narrowed at base. Prothorax without ocular lobes. Anterior
coxe large, prominent, contiguous, the prosternum before them
short,:sinuate and unimpressed; middle coxz narrowly sep-
arated, the posterior also apparently rather approximate. Abdo-
men flat, the two basal segments each as long as the third and
fourth together, the dividing suture moderately coarse and broadly
angulate; fifth rounded and nearly as long as the two preceding
together; posterior sutures coarse and straight. Legs wel) de-
veloped, the femora not clavate, with a small erect denticle beneath
beyond the middle; tibiz stout, longitudinally fluted, denticulate
within near the middle, the apex obliquely truncate with a double
outer edge and a strong internally projecting terminal spur; tarsi
stout, densely pubescent beneath, the first three joints rather
short, the last long; claws stout, completely connate in more
than basal half.

This singular genus is assigned to the Phytonomini only pro-
visionally and for convenience, for it probably represents a distinct
though closely allied tribe. The peculiar dentiform prominence
at the sides of the elytra behind the base is suggested in a species
of Listronotus, described above in order to bring out this character,
and the beak with its scrobes and the formation of the prosternum
are all strongly suggestive of that genus.

The two species before me may be distinguished as follows :—
Body stout, the elytra with two apical areas of dense pubescence, the promi-

nences at the summit of the declivity also densely pubescent.

paludatus
Body much smaller and less robust, the elytra without the apical pubescent

areas, the prominences at the summit of the declivity not pronounced and
scarcely more densely pubescent. ........-+:eseecseseeeeeeeeeeeseeceeeee ees armatus

The genus Plectromodes is probably confined to the United
States east of the Rocky Mountains, extending into the northern
parts of the Sonoran province, but not forming an element of the
tropical Mexican fauna.

P. paludatus n. sp.—Broadly oval, strongly convex, black and polished
throughout; pubescence consisting of sparse suberect white hairs, moderate in

eo

EEE ee

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 831

length, distinct and abundant on the pronotum, very sparse on the elytra but
denser in a transverse region near basal third, much longer near the sides, in
two spots near apical third and in two apical areas. Head distinctly less than
one-half as wide as the prothorax, subglobular, broader at base, strongly and
densely punctate, without interocular fovea, the eyes separated by a little less
than their own width; beak thick, parallel, subcylindrical, nearly straight,
three-fourths as long as the prothorax, feebly and gradually subdilated at apex,
strongly, closely punctate, somewhat rugose at the sides, not at all carinate
above; antennz rather thick, the basal joint of the funicle almost as long as
the next three. Prothorax one-fourth wider than long, the sides subparallel
and feebly arcuate to apical two-fifths, there minutely, angularly subtubercu-
late, thence strongly convergent and nearly straight to the apex, the latter
arcuate and one-half as wide as the base, which is transverse and feebly lobed
in the middle; disk strongly convex, strongly, deeply and very densely punc-
tate, devoid of all trace of a modified median line. Scutellum small, rounded.
Elytra exclusive of the post-humeral prominences, one-fifth longer than wide
and fully two-fifths wider than the prothorax, strongly declivous behind in
profile from just behind the middle; apex evenly rounded; humeri rounded
and scarcely tumid; disk with feebly impressed series of coarse rounded
punctures, the intervals polished, sparsely and scarcely visibly punctulate.
Abdomen strongly but rather sparsely punctate, feebly pubescent; legs strongly
sculptured and sparsely, coarsely pubescent. Length 5.0-6.8 mm. ; width 2.7—
3.7 mm.

Arizona.

Widely distributed in American collections under the name
Chalcodermus spinifer Boh. It however does not agree in any
way with the description of that species, and is not at all related
to Chaleodermus. Four specimens.

P. armatus n. sp.—Less broadly oval, strongly convex, black, strongly
shining, the antennz dark rufous with the club darker; pubescence very short,
whitish, sparse and inconspicuous, intermingled on the elytra with a few
longer erect and coarse hairs of the same color disposed for the most part in
single series along the intervals but more numerous at the summit of the api-
cal declivity. Head scarcely two-fifths as wide as the prothorax, convex,
strongly, closely punctate, the eyes separated by nearly their own width; beak
short and stout, scarcely three-fourths as long as the prothorax, the upper sur-
face strongly, unevenly and not very densely punctate, not carinate and longi-
tudinally arcuate in profile, gradually and feebly dilated at apex; antenne
rather slender, inserted at apical fourth, the basal joint of the funicle not quite
as long as the next three. Prothoraa distinctly wider than long, the sides sub-
parallel, rather unevenly arcuate, more convergent near the apex, minutely
subprominent at apical two-fifths; apex arcuate, fully one-half as wide as the
base; disk coarsely, deeply and very densely punctate, evenly convex and
without a modified median line. lytra distinctly longer than wide, much
less than twice as long as the prothorax and scarcely one-fourth wider, the

832 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

humeri narrowly rounded to the prothorax and scarcely tumid, the post-
humeral spiniform prominences strongly developed; apex rather narrowly
rounded; disk strongly declivous behind from near the middle at an angle of
forty-five degrees in profile, with series of very coarse deep rounded punctures
separated by polished intervals. Legs moderately coarsely sculptured and
clothed sparsely with short silvery hairs. Length 4.0-4.8 mm.; width 2.0-
2.6 mm.

Southern Illinois.

This species is much smaller and narrower than paludatus, and
has the vestiture still shorter and sparser but more evenly dis-
tributed. Two specimens.

The elytra have well marked but narrow epipleure, extending
with equal width from beneath the post-humeral prominences to
the sutural angles. The met-episterna are narrow, with the su-
ture well marked and the metasternum is rather longer than the
first ventral.

RYSSEMATUS Chev.

The somewhat numerous representatives of this genus may be
separated into two tolerably well defined subgenera, as shown by
the following tabular statement :—

Alternate intervals of the elytra carinate.
Ryssematus in sp.

Elytra unicolorous throughout and generally black, subglabrous or with the
minute hairs only moderately conspicuous and evenly distributed.
Elytral carine more strongly developed; species larger.
Prothorax slightly inflated behind, the sides becoming parallel toward
base.

Elytra dull, the serial punctures narrow, elongate and widely spaced,
becoming linear and very feeble toward apex, the carinz only mod-
erabelly elevated. i2ccss.ccn-onsesesteccesscsqsesonene grandicollis n. sp.

Elytra rather shining, the serial punctures coarse and somewhat close-
set, distinct to the apex, the carinz very strongly elevated.

lineaticollis Say

Prothorax not inflated, the sides divergent to the base and never parallel;
pronotal rugze coarse and converging posteriorly toward the middle;
body much smaller and narrower, the prothorax relatively smaller and

NOTE CONCH] Serene ccceccac cas cree Uo weecie ste neemeleasene chee annectens n. sp.

Elytral carinee very feeble, the flat intervals rugose; pronotal rug coarse
and strongly oblique; minute hairs of the elytra quite numerous and dis-
ANC Smal PSPEClesy an asasssiecaesasselmw ese. cease eso eemc ees te eee zequalis Horn

Elytra pale or mottled, always distinctly pubescent.

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 833

Elytra in great part blackish, with small feeble rufescent markings to
which the unevenly distributed pubescence is principally confined.
Intermediate intervals of the elytra not at all carinate; pronotal rug

Lon pang) OMG Weeressenceecaseeas sc. -.sslssigesas anes lens palmacollis Say
Intermediate intervals feebly and incompletely carinate; pronotal rugze
HESS ODLLQUEC es sescencacadseneeesecterscssscscbsoscestwiaencesaces medialis n. sp.
Elytra in great part pale, the pubescence longer, more evenly distributed
and very conspicuous; pronotal rugve oblique............ pubescens Horn

Alternate intervals not at all carinate.

Sermysatus n. sg.

Eyes rather narrowly separated on the front.................065- pruinosus Boh.
Eyes widely separated, the beak less elongate and less slender.
Body rather broadly oval, the abdomen distinctly punctate.....ovalis Csy.
Body narrowly oval and much smaller, paler in color, the abdomen only
SHOMpby PUNCtALEs 551 552 asc cence dssees sleds cocvasecseesersesees parvulus n. sp.

In the United States the genus Ryssematus is confined to the
eastern faunal regions, extending into the Sonoran province. No
species is known to occur within the true Pacific coast region.

R. grandicollis.—Broadly oval and very convex, deep black through-
out, the antenne and tarsi only slightly piceous; sete along the elytral ridges
very minute and inconspicuous. Head scarcely one-third as wide as the pro-
thorax, deeply, densely punctate and with short fulvous hairs, the eyes large,
broadly sinuato-truncate anteriorly and margined with a deep groove behind,
rather narrowly separated on the front; beak thick, as long as the head and
prothorax, feebly arcuate, slightly thinner and somewhat bent near the apex,
strongly carinate above from the interocular fovea to the antennee, finely, rather
sparsely punctate toward apex, longitudinally rugose, dull and more densely
punctate thence to the base especially at the sides; antennz inserted just be-
yond the middle, the basal joint of the funicle about as long as the next
two. Prothorax large, about twice as wide as long, strongly rounded at the
sides, the latter becoming parallel and arcuate in about basal third, strongly
convergent anteriorly; apex arcuate and distinctly less than one-half as wide as
the base, the latter transverse; disk closely, longitudinally rugose, the rugze
much disintegrated at the sides and on the flanks beneath, becoming much
confused, more feeble and somewhat dull, the feeble ‘apical constriction more
coarsely and deeply sculptured as usual. £/ytra distinctly longer than wide,
only very slightly wider than the prothorax, the sides slightly convergent and
feebly arcuate from the large and moderately prominent humeral protuberances
to the apex, the latter somewhat narrowly rounded; disk very dull, the obtuse
crests of the feebly elevated carinze alone polished; punctures rather shallow,
elongate and distant, connected by fine, scarcely impressed but more shining
lines and becoming very small toward apex. Abdomen coarsely punctate at
base, thence finely, rather densely so to the fifth segment, which is very

834 Coleopterological Notices, V1.

densely and somewhat finely punctate, the legs stout with the femoral tooth
large. Length 6.7 mm.; width 3.7 mm.

Jowa (Keokuk).

Readily distinguishable from lineaticollis by its stouter form,
still larger and more inflated prothorax which is much more
feebly and indefinitely rugose at the sides beneath, and by the
peculiar feeble elytral sculpture. The single type before me is
apparently a male, but the fifth ventral is scarcely perceptibly
modified on the disk.

R. annectens.— Narrowly oval, somewhat shining, black, the tarsi and
antennz rufous, the club of the latter infuscate; minute elytral setz entirely
inconspicuous. Head rather more than one-third as wide as the prothorax,
somewhat finely and densely punctate, fulvo-pubescent; eyes narrowly sepa-
rated on the front, broadly sinuato-truncate anteriorly; beak almost as long as
the head and prothorax, nearly straight, feebly and obliquely flattened distally,
finely and sparsely punctate.toward apex, thence more obviously sculptured
and punctate in longitudinal eroded rugze to the base; dorsal carina mode-
rately developed, the interocular fovea small; antennz inserted quite distinctly
beyond the middle. Prothorax small, nearly twice as wide as long, feebly
constricted at the apex, the latter one-half as wide as the base; sides strongly,
evenly convergent and feebly arcuate from base to apex; disk coarsely plicato-
rugose, the rugee sinuous and quite uneven, inwardly and posteriorly oblique
toward the middle, moderately disintegrated and with the lustre duller on the
flanks beneath. Elytra distinctly longer than wide, nearly one-third wider
than the prothorax and about three times as long; outline oval, the humeral
convexities feeble; carinze moderately strong, the intervals alutaceous and
nearly smooth, the serial punctures deep, somewhat elongato-subquadrate and
separated by about their own lengths, distinct to the apex. Abdomen very
densely punctate throughout, more coarsely so at base. Length 4.8-5.0 mm. ;
width 2.6 mm.

Indiana?

Two specimens from the Levette cabinet without labels, but
probably taken in or near the above region. This species cannot
be confounded with any other, for, with a general facies sugges-
tive of lineaticollis, it has the oblique pronotal rugze of palma-
collis and some other pubescent species. The prothorax is very
much smaller than in any other species of the lineaticollis group
of the genus. The types are probably males.

R. medialis.—Subrhomboid-oval, strongly convex, rather shining, dark
rufo-piceous, the legs and upper surface somewhat darker, the elytra with
small indefinite paler areas especially toward apex; pubescence sparse, evenly
distributed and consisting of short erect yellowish sete on the prothorax, on

‘

Coleopterological Notices, VI. 835

the elytra uneven and denser on the small pale areas. Head more than one-
third as wide as the prothorax, coarsely, densely sculptured, not very densely
fulvo-pubescent; eyes large, very coarsely faceted and almost contiguous
on the front; beak rather long and slender, feebly arcuate, nearly one-half as
long as the body, cylindrical, shining and finely, distinctly punctate toward

- apex, dull, longitudinally and feebly rugose and not distinctly punctate to-
ward base, the dorsal carina almost obsolete except toward base; antennze in-
serted distinctly behind the middle, the basal joint of the funicle as long as the
next two. Prothorax small, rapidly conical, nearly twice as wide as long, the
sides strongly convergent from the base and only just visibly arcuate; disk
with fine, strongly elevated and anastomosing rugee, which are rather widely
distant and inwardly oblique posteriorly, the median carina fine and distinct,
the ruge feebler, closer and less defined on the flanks beneath. L/ytra from
above one-fourth longer than wide, one-fourth wider than the prothorax and
not quite three times as long, the carinz rather broad and moderately elevated,
the intermediate intervals also obsoletely carinate, the serial punctures mod-
erately coarse and close-set, slightly elongate and distinct to the apex. Abdo-
men shining, feebly and not very closely punctate, rather densely so however
on the fifth segment; metasternum coarsely but somewhat sparsely punctured ;
legs moderate, the femoral tooth well developed. Length 4.2 mm.; width
2.3 mm.

— Arizona (Tucson). Mr. Wickham.

This is a distinct species. readily distinguishable from any
other by the subcarinate intermediate intervals of the elytra; the
eyes are even more approximate than in the /ineaticollis group.

There are before me two specimens which I refer to pubescens
Horn; one of them is from an unknown part of Arizona, and the
other from San Augustine, New Mexico, collected by Mr. Cock-
erell; there are some slight differences between them but both
satisfy the description sufficiently well; the alternate elytral in-
tervals are flat,and the eyes are less approximate than in me-
dialis.

R. parvulus.—Narrowly oval, very convex, strongly shining, pale rufo-
testaceous throughout, glabrous. Head nearly two-fifths as wide as the pro-
thorax, rather sparsely punctured; eyes in considerable part covered by the
ocular lobes in repose, widely separated on the front, the interocular fovea dis-
tinct; beak rather slender, cylindrical, evenly and feebly arcuate, longer than
the head and prothorax, shining, finely but distinctly, sparsely punctate, not
at all carinate above toward base; antennz slender, inserted at about the mid-
dle, the basal joint of the funicle elongate as usual, club long and narrow,
pointed. Prothorax fully three-fourths wider than long, feebly constricted
near the apex, the latter nearly one-half as wide as the base; sides strongly
convergent and broadly, evenly arcuate from the base; disk strongly and

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. SctI., VIII, Nov., 1895.—56

836 Coleopterological Notices, VI.

somewhat closely punctate, with a narrow and incomplete median impunctate
line, the sculpture becoming gradually longitudinally rugose at the sides and
more feebly so beneath. Scutellum small, rounded. Elytra oval, obtusely
rounded behind, distinctly longer than wide, slightly wider than the protho-
rax, the humeral protuberances small and very feeble; disk coarsely, evenly
striate, the strize widely and deeply impressed, strongly and not very closely
punctate, the convex intervals sparsely punctulate and somewhat unevenly
creased, becoming subcariniform toward the sides and apex. Abdomen pol-
ished, scarcely at all punctate, the fifth ventral with scattered punctures; legs
rather short, not strongly sculptured, the femoral tooth distinct. Length 2.8-
3.0 mm.; width 1.5 mm.

New Mexico (San Augustine). Mr. Cockerell.

This species is the smallest of the genus known to me, and is
allied rather closely to ovalis, being distinguishable by its much
narrower form, paler coloration, less punctate abdomen, relatively
less finely and densely sculptured pronotum and other features.

Of the three specimens before me, one has a deep and smooth
circular pit at the middle of the fifth ventral, the other two having
only a shallow and feebly defined impression at the same point.
It is possible that the first may be the male, but I ean dis-
cover no other differences, either in the form of the body or struc-
ture of the beak.

PARACAMPTUS pn. gen.

Body narrowly oval, convex, the pronotum projecting anteriorly
and concealing the head, the met-episterna distinct ; epimera not
visible, the suture if present concealed by the dense indument.
Head deeply inserted, the eyes small, coarsely faceted, widely
separated and not concealed in repose, the ocular lobes feebly
developed. Beak short, parallel, narrow and nearly straight,
completely concealed in repose in a deep excavation extending
far into the mesosternum; scrobes short, deep, lateral, attaining
the lower angle of the eyes. Antennze with the scape short, the
funicle slender, seven-jointed, the basal joint, and the second less
strongly, e:ongate, the seventh wider, obconical and more pubes-
cent; club oval, compressed, annulate toward apex, the basal
joint large and pubescent throughout. Coxe all widely separated,
the posterior remote, attaining the met-episterna. Metasternum
elongate. Abdomen with the first two segments long, separated
by a fine and feebly arcuate suture; third and fourth short, the
fifth nearly as long as the two preceding, rounded at apex, the

Coleopterological Notices, VJ. 837

last three sutures straight and very coarse. Legs short, the
femora elongate, parallel and completely unarmed, the tibize ex-
tremely short, not more than one-half as long as the femora, ter-
minated by a strong curved spur projecting sublongitudinally
from the outer angle; tarsi as long as the tibie, the third joint
dilated and bilobed; last joint slender; claws rather short, very
stout, simple, strongly arcuate and divergent. Elytra with the
side margins horizontally inflexed around the apices but vertical
toward base.

In general habitus this genus strongly resembles Acamptus,
but its structural characters place it in the vicinity of Lembodes ;
it is represented at present by a single species.

P. subtropicus np. sp.—Strongly convex, black, densely covered through-
out the body and legs with a thick grayish crust of cottony or felted consistence,
from which arise sparse subclavate scales, which are distinct on the prothorax,
but, on the elytra, very short and only distinct on the elevated intervals, the
indument subdenuded in an elongate blackish spot behind the scutellum.
Head two-fifths as wide as the prothorax, densely clothed with the squamiferous
indument in a crust which continues onto the base of the beak, the latter
three-fourths as long as the prothorax, piceous, shining, nude and punctate,
parallel and slender but rapidly broadening at base. Prothorax as long as
wide, narrowed and sinuate at the sides toward apex, the latter strongly,
evenly rounded; sides becoming parallel toward base, the latter rectilinear;
disk almost even. Scutellum small, acutely elevated. L/ytra one-third longer
than wide, distinctly wider than the prothorax and scarcely twice as long;
sides parallel and nearly straight, the apex broadly rounded; humeral angles
very slightly tumid; disk finely striate, not distinctly punctate, the alternate
intervals strongly elevated but nearly flat. Length 2.2-3.0 mm.; width 0 8—
1.25 mm.

Florida (Punta Gorda). Mr. Schwarz.

The indument is usually a little darker on the prothorax, with
a fine median line and broader lateral stripe paler, and the elytra
have a transverse series of small feeble darker spots before the
middle and one or two on the suture toward apex.

Note.—It is probable that Acamptus echinus, recently described
by me (Col. Not. 1V, p. 445) from New York, is in reality from
Arizona, the label being erroneous.

ACALLES Schonh.
The following species belongs near hubbardi Lec., and is still
broader across the humeral tuberosities :—

838 Coleopterological Notices, Vl.

A. dilatatus n. sp.—Stout, the elytra very abruptly dilated behind the
base, black throughout; pronotum with some velvety-black scales before the
middle and near the apex; elytra with the patches of white scales disposed
nearly asin hubbardi, the scales of the third interval in the posterior band
more prolonged anteriorly; each of the large foveze with a broad whitish scale.
Head finely, strongly punctate and squamose, more than one-third as wide as
the prothorax, the interocular fovea extremely large and deep; beak stout,
dull, squamose at base, finely but strongly, not very closely punctate. Pro-
thorax slightly wider than long, strongly rounded at the sides, narrowed at
base and still more strongly toward apex, the latter one-half as wide as the
base; disk coarsely and closely punctate, the punctures coarser and more con-
fluent toward base; median carina strong at the middle, not attaining the base.
Elytra not as long as wide from above, twice as long and twice as wide as the
prothorax, the post-humeral protuberancies extremely developed, their oblique
anterior sides deeply emarginate midway to the base; sides strongly convergent
and rounded behind the tubercles, the apex obtuse; disk deeply perpendicular
behind in profile, having deep series of very large contiguous subtransverse
fovez, the series separated by strong tuberculiferous ridges, the humeral ridge
most pronounced. Abdomen sparsely punctate and squamose; legs densely
and unevenly clothed with scales. Length 8.0 mm.; width 5.6 mm.

Florida. Mr. Julich.

The single specimen in my cabinet, which was probably taken
in the extreme southern part of the State, represents a close ally
of hubbardi, differing in the greater development of the post-
humeral tubercles and consequently much stouter form of the body,
but more particularly in the very close and roughly tuberculose
sculpture, deeper and less elongate frontal fovea and other char-
acters. The elytral foveee are so closely crowded that they
coalesce, producing deep broad furrows between the ridge-like
intervals, while in hubbardi the fovez are isolated and rounded.

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about 7 Cassiopeia. By. cata S. Davis, -

XIV. —The Arachnida of Colorado. By Narsan Basa. a ag

GENERAL INDEX.

The names of groups higher than genera are in SMALL CAPITALS; names of
Refer-

ences to the lists constituting papers IX, X, XII and XIV are restricted to ge-
neric and higher group names.

synonyms and of species assigned to erroneous genera are in italics.

PAGE

AcaWesies (..): 837
dilatatus 838
ACARINA . 432
Achatodes zeze . 225 |
Aconobius. . . 617
Acronycta. . . 5g Pees
Adaleres . Miele « .810, 816
humeralis . . 816, 818

; ovipennis . 816
Adasytes. . .. . 458, 539
laciniatus wen o40
Adoneta spinuloides . a 213;
AGALENID. . . 422
AGARISTIDA. . 226
Ageneiosus. . : 252
Allonyx. . : .459, 588
denudatus . 589, 590
disjunctus. . 589, 590
sculptilis. . aa Ba) ask)
Alloporus bipunctatus. . . 27
Alymeris. . ae 5 . 600
basalis . . » a6 (OW)
eribrata. . .600, 601
floridana . .600, 601
Alypia octomaculata . 226
Amblyderus . 641, 742
albicans. . .742, 744
arenarius .742, '748
gracilentus’. - « .42, 745

. granularis . - . 742, 746
obesus. . 742, ‘743 |
pallens 742, 747
parviceps. . . 742, 744
punctiger . 742, 747 |
Amnesia... . .810, 813 |
debilis . aks Fete lsy)
discors . 814)
tumida . . . 813]
Anacyrtus. . . 295’

Ancistrus . .
Anistomus .
ANTHICID&. .
ANTHICINE. .
ANTHICINI...
Anthicus. .

agilis. .
amoenus .
amplicollis
ancilla .
atomarius. .
auriger .
bellulus. .
bifasciatus. .
biguttulus.
ceesiosignatus
cephalotes. .
cervinus
compositus .
confusus. .
convexulus
coracinus .
cribratus. . .
decorellus .
decrepitus.
difficilis. .
ephippium .
exilis .

facilis.

flavicans . .
gilensis .
haldemani .
hastatus. . .
hecate.. .
helvinus. .
herifuga. .
heroicus. .
horridus. .
ictericus .

PAGE

256

. . 261
. 624
. 625

639
686

, 126

722
731
711

tol

714

724

. 676

700
731
705
708
698
694
729
704
692
717
707

. 694

694
731

wee

697
709
713
701
693
725
726
712
691
728

840

Anthicus impressipennis

innocens .
inscitus.. .

JONGCHUS oe: ee es
VOLCO.CTLS eee ee

lecontei. .
luteolus.
lutulentus. . .
maritimus.
melancholicus .
mercurialis .
militaris. .
monticola. .
mundus. .
MANUS= ce eee
MICTULA oo) owls
nitidus .
nympha.

Dolpa s £4 A

obscurellus .

General Index.

PAGE
a gel
690, 721

, .690, 721
. 690, 716

728
730

.688, 695
.691, 725

.691, 729

. 691, 728

, 689, 707
.690, 724

. 689, 705
ae) Wary)
. .690, 717

. 688, 699

731

. .690, 719
. .690, 720
690, 723

ovicollis. . , 688, 699
pallidus . 50 Gi ee TO
parallelus . . 689, '710
peninsularis. . .690, 719
pinguescens . . 688, 696
politus . ; ol
preeceps. . . .689, 709
protectus . .688, 702
punctulatus . 689, 706
rufulus . . . 687, 692
saucius . A rst wales
scabriceps . . 688, 698
seminotatus . , 689, 710
simiolus . . 687, 694
sodalis 5 Ade) Zale
solidus . . 688, '703
SIRES § es OC whist Lee bee
SquUAMOSUSs= =) a Nennoes HOU
Stellatus yas Weems 689, 714
subealvus . . 688, 703
troglodytes. . . : ae
vagans. . . 690, 718
vulneratus . sa. Aesth lis
Antispila nyssefoliella . 7 209
Aphyocarax . . 291
Apoda y-inversa . 221
ARACHNIDA.. . ee ool erly
ARCTIIDE . . - 65, 228
Ariotus . ee 73, 788
quercicola .. . ans 788
subtropicus Bg Tstsh Wise
Aromatic series ss lal
Artace Bune eer ee 230
A styanax ae 262
Asydates, Se . 458, 464
explanatus | atiauss . 464, 465
rufiventris . 464
ATTIDE.. 430

" PAGE

Axylophilus .. . . 774, 808
yucce . - SUF
Bacillus . +) 6) 8, "ser ODO aa
Bacteria . i, Woe Hee 322
classification. OFF sre 345
species among. . . 323
variation in. . 327
Baulius 641, 650
SENUIS» i 2h lS Ee eee 651
BDELLID& 433
BLAPSTINI 5 ; 615
BOLITOPHAGINI . . 623
Bombycine moths) s) 4-4-6 eee 41
Botrodus . 453
Byturosomus . 466
Caccecia cerasivorana. . . 208
Ceenotropus Rae 260
CALLICHTHIIDE. . 256
Callichthys . 256
Calocalpe undulata . 227
Carpocapsa pomonella 208
Catfishes, S. Amer. 249
Chalceus 294
Chalecinus 294
CHARACINIDA, S. Amer. 257
Cheirodon . . atone 288
Chilodus P 2 260
Cicinnus melsheimeri of 210
Clisiocampa pluvialis . . 229
CLUBIONIDZ : 422
Cnopus . Sp . 774, 802
impressus. . =o2) 803
CossIDH . . 91, 206
Cochliodon 256
Ccelocnemis sulcata. 615
Colusa F 2 Se ene 611
curtulus ; 612
latus.. t-..ia eee eee 612
Conibius ‘ 617
Coniontis farallonica . 610
globulina . . 610
Conisattus rectus . 614
Conosoma . wit, eA Se
basalis . . 437, 444
bipustulata . 437, 444
bisignata a Past oy toe:
castanea . . 437, 442
einctula . . . = 439
corticola . ‘ 439
GIASSH. s, 4:0/e0 oe toe 437, 446
debilis . . 437, 447
imbricata . . 437, 439
KNOT |. 2 =. eee . 436, 438
limuloides. . .. 437, 441
littorea ... + sue 436./438

macer..

. 437, 443

General Index.

PAGE

Conosoma masta. . ... d 446
occulta ... . . 437, 446
opica . . 436, 439
parvula 437, 449
pulicaria.. . trie, 444
scripta-.. « ~ . . 437, 449
sevifer. . : ao 444
subtilis . . . 437, 448
velocipes.. . 437, 442
versicolor . . 437, 447
virginie . . 437, 443
Gradytes . .- «. 458, 533
longicollis . 533, 534
serricollis . 533, 534
serrulatus . 533, 535
Creatochanes . : « = 262
Ctenucha cressonana . 89
virginica... 83
WUCWIND Ait.) hrc S whisy = 451
CURCULIONIDE . 821
CUREMATINGA 0° sas 259
Curimatus. . 259
SyNOdOnT. teks esta ys 296
Dasytastes . ems 459, 582
IDiCOlOR 957.2 .. 583, 586
cataline . 582, 583
dispar... 582, 585
GulOSUSig) oF s) te". ees 582, 584
TEMISSES!... 582, 583
ruficollis . : 583, 586
Wasyvtellus = <5 5.8: 459, 564
concinnus . . 565
degener . 565, 569
elegantulus 565, 569

exilis Ac 565, 566
inconspicuus.. . 565, 567
nigricornis . 565, 568
preetenuis . . 565, 566
subovalis 565, 570
Dasytes Tier 459, 571
breviusculus. . . 572, 575
Cruralisne eee re 572, 578
depressulus - 972, 579
dissimilis De, O10
expamsus.. . . O71, 574
fastidiosus . . . 572, 577
hudsonicus . . 571, 572
lineellus . . 572, 581
macer . 572, d7
minutus .. . 572, 580
nitens. . 571, 574
obtusus . 571, 573
pusillus . . 572, 579
seminudus . 572, 581
DASYTINI . ne ld eae 457
Depressaria heracliana . 209
DERMANYSSIDH... . 433

QO

3
PAGE
DICTYNIDE . LP: 422
Dilandius oe" 9. ae . 640, 642
myrmecops.. ... 642, 643
WU B Eo a GG Dp pee Gébs GUE
DORADEN ARDS 8 ca one 5 250
Doras . Pee Bens al
Delienosoma ew | eo eee 459, 597
foveicollis . Fae tls!
nigricornis . . Hiea 45 Biles!
tenuiformis ~ etitle, ERY
IDryopbieris rOseay. "<1 yn ee
DEW AWNINE) AG =o, vets. te 227
DRASSID : 419
ID yslobusic-: pete eal) ere : 810
LECONbEL eeseen ee ea eel
verruciier. J 4.5 oll sie
Ecpantheria permaculata . 81
seribonia. . 2 81
ELACHISTIDA. . 5 . 209
Elonus shitty 73, 774
basalis . 115, TG
nebulosus . . 775, T76
PEWNCEPS- ae een Be RC.
Emelinus. Deen cges Ter TT!
ashmead? 4°95. - yee zi cis
melsheimeri. .. .- 778
Emiodus. : 260
Emmenotarsus . , 466
EPEIRID&. « « AQ
Epicyrtus. . : 295
ERYTHXID. . si 3s 432
SR YePEIR NEN AN. « ss ushe tomeume 258
Erythrinus. - 6 . 208
Eschatocrepis. . .. . 459, 587
constrictus. . . ee 587
Euchetes collaris. ..° ° . 73
EUCHROMIID. . 228
Euclea delphinii . z 214
discolor. . . 216
indetermina... . 214
ue 6 Bo oe © 215
plugma . 215
EUCLEIDE.. . 213
Eudasytes . 458, 460
amplus Bade =. 408
Oplongusis 2 sve) 0) 401 4Ge
ursinus . ee ye 461, 463
Eulimacodes scapha.. . Af gs:
EUPODID%. AS ie ae 433
IPUPSTROBUENIS 505 ba. cere a eee 454
Eupsilobius 454
POMS Tes cen 455
Eurelymis. . 600, 602
atra. . 603, 604
flavipes . 603, 604
speculifer... 1s) 00S
| EURYGENIINI. . 626, 627

842

Eusattusnanus. . .

Formicilla... .
evanescens. . .
STENSIS) 2) 2). 1
munda. .
Scibulasc os &) 6

FRENATA, Lepid. .

General Index.

Galleriamellonella. ...

GALLERIID®
GAMASID

Gasteropod cleavage. . ibe

Ganascus
opimus .

palliatus. . . Hid

ventricosus. .
GELECHIID. .
GEOMETRIDE.. .
Gnophela vermiculata .

Granite, heat penetration in .
5 Wri ek

Syene.

Halesidota cary. . .
harrisi
maculata .. .
tessellata . .

Harmonia pini. .

Harrisina americana .

Hassar .

Hemantus .
basillaris. .
enodis.

HOTALISi eon
TUKACON |G. al et are ue

SCEMICUS |. 01) ie
Hemiancistrus.
Hemibrycon .
Hemiodus.
Hemisorubim .
Hemmigrammus. .
HEPIALIDA .
HESPERID#.
Heterocampa manteo .
Heteropacha rileyana .
Hoplosternum. .
Hydrocyon. .
HyDROCYONIN ©
HYPOCcHILIDE .

IxopID& .
JUGATH, Lepid.. .
Lacosoma chiridota .

LACOSOMIDH.....
LAPETHINI .

APPS news eee) ee : f

Le Aa
: | 804;
804,

88,
138,

at fe Set fai cre

PAGE |
. + « - 613 Lappus alacer

644
646
647
646
645
204

207

207 |

433
167
803
805
806

PAGE
By mele . 657, 660
animatus.... 658, 668

aS peruluss.c usin 657, 664
bipartitus ... 658, 666
canonicus . 657, 664
cursor. 657, 660
Clegans.) =) 2 tan . 657, 662
gibbithorax . 658, 669
Inbratolbey 45 6 657, 662
nitidulus. .. 657, 663
nubilatus . . 657, 661
obscurus. 657, 659
ornatellus . 657, 665
jDUCEMIKE ES A 5 5b oo 5 657, 658
solivagans...... 658, 668
Siam 5 6 Gig 5 6 < 657, 662
subtilis * = O08 moun
turgidicollis. . . . . 658, 667
vigilans . . 657, 659
vividus . . 658, 666
Larvee, Lepid. . . . 194, 203
LASIOCAMPIDE . g 229
_ Leporinus. . 5 - 261, 262
Leptovectura. . : 459, 594
adspersa. . . « . Be ae
Lepyrus. . Bae ia c =) So
alternans. 822, 823
canadensis. . 822, 824
errans. . 822, 823
gemellus*.9-. 822, 823
geminatus . 822, 825
oregonus. 822, 826
perforatus. . . 822, 827
pinguis - . . . 822, 825
Leucarctia ocrea. ..... - 74, ‘91
ILIA NEDEDE SG 5 oho < “on OD
Listromimus. .-.- . . 458, 538
sericatus . : ~ 1 8
Listronotus scapularis. . eee
tessellatus. ..... Aa eye)
Listrus 458, 540
amplicollis . 542, 547
annulatus .... .; 543, 559
balteellus . . . 543, 562
canescens ..... . 542, 555
clavicornis . . . . 542, 552
concurrens, . 5438, 561
confusus .. . . - 043, 557
densicollis . . . 542, 548
difficilis . . . . 642, 555
extricatus . . . 542, 554
famelicus . 543, 563
fidelis . . 542, 556
incertus . . - 543, 559
thovferneg dno AG 5 5S 542, 547
interstitialis . . 541, 545

IibeL pes ewan emeCee an 543, 561

maculosus .

. 542,

550

Listrus montanus. .
motschulskii. ...
obseurellus.. .

ornatulus

pardalis. ..

plenus. .
punctatus .

rotundicollis. .

rubripes . .
senilis . .
subeeneus .
tibialis . ..
tritus .
uniformis .
variegatus .
LITHOSIID .

Lophoderus politana .

Loricaria .
LYCEHANIDE..
LYCOSID. .
LYMANTRIIDA

Macratria .
brunnea..
ovicollis. .

MACRATRIINI .

Macrodon . .

MACROLEPIDOPTERA .

Malporus :
blandus .
cinctus

formicarius. .

properus . .

Mastoremus....

longicornis .
Mecomycter . .

facetus

omalinus .

Mecyna reversalis . .

Mecynotarsus
flavicans

MEGALOPYGIDZ .

Megeleates Sitsane

sequoiarum .

Melbonus . 4
scapalis . .
Melittia ceto
MELYRIDZ..
MELYRIN®E..
MELYRINI

Micrococcus . .

Microdus

MICROLEPIDOPTERA . aa

MURMIDIINE .
MURMIDIINI

', 626, 637

"642, 771

346, 347, 349-

General Index.

PAGE

542, 546,
. 542, 545 |
. 542, 553
. 543, 563 |
, 542, 551
. 542, 549

543

. 541, 544 |
. 543, 560
. 542, 551 |
. 542, 549
Sober BAS |
. . 543, 557
. . 542, 552

543, 558

996
208
253
230
429
228

637
638
638

258
224

. . 641, 651
. . 651, 654
. . 651, 653

. 651, 652

651, 653

. 627, 630

631

', 459, 595

596, 597
. 596
207

7712
212
623
624
820
821
211
456
457

a , 457, 599
Merismopedia . 346, "348, 350-

352,

354, 355

351,

353, 354
260
205
451 |
454

MYCHOCERINI
Mychocerus .
Mylesinus .
Myletes
MYRIAPODA..

INEMMOSEOMMUSH nye once aie

Nathicus. .
virginize
NEMATOPLINI
Nocibiotes . .
acutus
caudatus
gracilis . .
rubripes . .
NocruIb® P
Nola minuseula +
Nomidus .
abruptus
Notibius
NOTODONTID &.
Notoxus .
alamede

austinianus .

balteatus .
constrictus

debilitans . f

desertus. .
dinocerus .
filicornis

humboldti . g

lustrellus .
microcerus
montanus .
nevadensis
pictus. .
robustus
spatulifer . .
NYMPHALIDA. .

Obelisk, New York .
Odontopyge furcata. .

Odontostilbe .
Oiketicus kirbyi .

townsendi. .

Oreta rosea

Orgyia antiqua
cana .
definita .

leucostigma .

OTIORHYNCHID®
Oxydoras .
OXYOPIDE .

Packardia elegans .

geminata .
| Panaque.

Pantographa limata.

844

PAPILIONIDE
Paracamptus.
subtropicus .

Paradesmus thysanopus.

Parallax, stellar. . .
Parasa chloris .
PEDILINI .
Pergetus .
PERICOPIDZ.

Perophora melsheimeri .

PHALANGIDA .

Pheosia dimidiata . .
Phobetron pithecium . .
i a :

PHOLCID ©
Phomalus . .

brunnipennis 3

saginatus

Phryganidia californica .

PHYCITIDZ

Phyllodesma ‘americana :

Piabuca ...
PIERIDZ
Pimelodella .
PIMELODIN®
Pimelodus.
PLATYPTERICID
Platypteryx
Plecostomus . .
Plectromodes .
armatus .
paludatus . .

Plodia interpunctella .

Pecilurichthys .

Polydesmus arcticollis . .

cxesius. .
granulatus .
woodianus .

Polyphylla pacifica . . ;
Prionoxystus robiniz . .

Pristoscelis. .
grandiceps
Prochilodus .

Pseudallonyx. . ..

plumbeus .
Pseudariotus .. .

BIMICUS'-\s0 eo ve

notatus ...
Pseudoplatystoma .

PSEUDOSCORPIONIDA . .

PSYCHID&

PTEROPHORIDE...

easel id Si.
Pygidium .
Pygocentrus . .

IBYEOprishis =). 7 cscs

PYRALIDINA
PYRAUSTIDE .

arcuata .

General Index.

", 830,

PAGE

231 |

836
837

PAGE
PYROMORPHID# . , 211
Pyrrharctia isabella Sidabie tee = (At
Pyrrhulina. . 2 « 15208, (206
Retocomusy. 1.9). 2). em enootees
decorellus .. .. <1 OLo
PTARUS Fics yee eee seeaaee
RHADALINE . 457, 604
Rhadalus , 29604
lecontei . . 605, 606
testaceus . . 5 00S
Rhamdia . : : 250
RHYNCOLOPHIDE . 432
Reebioides. 295
Ryssematus . . + op lsByy
annectens . - . 832, 834
grandicollis . . . . . 832, 833
medialis .. .. 833, 834
parvulus.. 833, 835
Sandytes . : 774, 806
ptinoides . . 807
Sannina exitiosa . : 210
Sapintus . ; 641, 732
colonus . 130, tao
corticalis 8-0 se 133, 739
festinans. .. 733, 739
fulvipes 733, 730
hispidulus 733, 736
mollis . . 733, 740
pubescens . - ices
pusillus . {eR R (ei
rusticus . . ; 733, 734
timidus . . . 733, 741
Sarcina : 352, 353
Sarrothripa revayana . ete eo
SATURNINA . 3 - 232
Scanylus . : 774, 800
leteolus . Cur
pruinosus . : 801
SCARABHIDE... A 607
Schizodon . er) eae 261
Scolependra morsitans a eS a 2 37
SCORPIONIDA.~ .) SUearasua ene 432
Seytonotus .... . 233
arcticollis. . . : 236
cesius <a awkeeite 236
cavernarus , 237
digitatus (6+ 2s <'< heres 238
granulatus : 238
leevicollis ' 235, 238
modulosus. <)> sy eaeoo
SCHUTICOWIS 52) 20 sh 1 : 238
BEbSera cote 1. owe - 237
woodianus . . : 236
Seirarctia echo... . 80
‘Sermysatus . 2 833
SERRASALMONIN®E . . 296

General Index.

PAGE

Serrasalmus- .- ...... Sn eye
Sesia tipuliformis ....... 211
SUSHI ate 2 clon) Us wee 210
Sibine stimulea ..... 216
trimaculata . 217
vidua.- . 216
SILURIDE . oul este, “Bi Wien 2s 1200
Sisyrosea inornata ...... . 219
SMOEPUGHA Ms i 6s os ce | ASR
SPHINGIDZ re oe eee
Spilosoma virginica... . . . 78, 79
Spirostreptus anodontus 32
ETipAabulGUs, se 3 Gls. lod
MaADWIS) w+ esses ce 2 | 12S
SDAPIRYGLUNIDAG 2. ss ss = 436
Stars, measuresof...... 381
Stereopalpus. . . 627, 631
impressicollis.. . . , 632, 635
ANCATWUS) Shaeet, se) sch ee, \Oae
indutus . 632, 633
nimius 632, 634
rufipes. . 632, 634
subalbicans 632, 636
variipes . 632, 63
Sydates ae: 458, 53
ADIGA CTE fe SP as mien enn 557
SVGAbOPSIS : 502 6 2 5 458, 536
; longicornis .. . ooo

WanarhveOpsise~ cs... es + (00,7 TDL

Slanarbhrus) =.) <)< 642, 749
alutaceus .... . 790, 755
brevipennis’. 2.5, . -. 100;, 751
densus. 5 eos EDS CSE
Mopene. Gs =. ae (OO, De
salicola;~ -%. . . = «%50) 754
SAWNUSa ee hos. 2 on Ss copie
tricolor . 750, 753

Tanilotes . ‘ 774, 798
GensuSttiermet has) < 5 62 799
lacustris. . 799

FRENEBRIONIDAD < . . - =: « 610

TETRAGONOPTERIN@. .... . 262
Tetragonopterus. ...... . 262
(EGER AN KOHID AG. cc:, ays
SER APHOSID ANS 6s Gls. cha «
BAMRIDIDAS: s0cate of ces. . 423

Thicanus oe 641, 670
annectens . ag Oe
californicus . .- . 670, 672
franciscanus . 670, 673
mimus. . . 670, 672
rejectus . . 670, 671
texanus. . ae OCU

THOMISIDE. . . eee ABE

Thyce pistoria. . 607
riversi. . 608

Thyridopteryx ephemerieformis 5A, 205

TINEINA . Sp Vaca ake
Tolype velleda. .... <a
POMOGErUS oe cl a, .% =o 23
constrictus.
impressulus . .
interruptus . .
Tonibiastes .
Alrorcil Sir eae anata
TORTRICID®. :
Tortricidia fasciola .
IVAN TGS, Sp coy enk
pallida .
TORTRAICINAS a oss) eee

Trachycorystes. .....

Trichochrous. .
genescens. .
agrestis. .
antennatus. .
apicalis .
ater. aire
atricornis .
harbars? 2. Sas. ae
brevicornis. .
brevipilosus .
brevis. 3
californicus ...
CASHIIS.. 1s wits ss
ciliatus
comatus . 5
compactus. . .
conformis .
conspersus. .
convergens. . .
crinifer .
eurticollis. .
cuspidatus. .
eyfindricus. .
discipulus .
egenus. . 3
erythropus. .
exiguus. .
fallax .
femoralis. .
fimbriatus .
fraternus. .
fulvescens. .
fulvotarsis .
fulvovestitus. .
funebris .
fuscus .
griseus. .
hirtellus.
hystrix . .
inzequalis . .
incipiens. .
indigens.
indutus. . A
innocens! 29. = « "

Trichochrous insignis .

irrasus. .
laticollis.
lobatus .
lucidus .
mexicanus. .
modestus .
mucidus. .
nigrinus. .
nubilatus .
oregonensis
pedalis. .
politus. .
prominens .
propinquus. .
pruinosus .
pudens .

punctipennis. .

quadricollis .
remotus .
reversus. .
rufipennis .
rufipes. . .
rusticus .
separatus. .
seriellus .
sexualis. .
simulans. .
sinuosus. .
sobrinus. .
sonome .
sordidus. .
sparsus .
squalidus .
stricticollis. .
subealvus .
suffusus. ..
suturalis. .
tectus .
tejonicus . .
testaceus. .
texanus .
transversus. .
umbratus .
varius ..
vilis. .
villosus .
vittiger .

Trogophlceus salicola i

General Index.

PAGE

. 469,
. 473,
. 473,
. VAT,
. 470,
. 472,
. 472,
. 470,
. 473,
. 469,
. 470,
. 472,
ee
. 472,
AA,

521.

478
516
527
515
487
508
529
495
475
528
531
502
496
505
488
532
513
514
527
516
486
530
487
506
524.
486
479
507
525
519
481
524
532
500
495
511
519
524
498
526
480

494 |

512
509
520
502

450)

. . 471, 510| TROMBIDIDE . .
. 472,

Tyria jacobzee . .
TYROGLYPHIDZ . .

Utetheisa bella

Vacusus. .

arcanus ..

bizonatus
confinis .

desertorum..

formicetorum
fulvomicans .
leetus .
monitor . .
nigritulus .
prominens .
supplex .
suspectus
thoracicus .
vicinus
Vanonus.. ak
calvescens .
floridanus .
huronicus .
PICEUS)-e-0.
sagax .

tuberculifer :

vigilans .
wickhami .
Vectura . Sate
albicans. .
longiceps

Vitula edmandsi . a

Xiphorhamphus .
Xiphystoma .
XYLOPHILIN#.

Xyloryctes faunus r

Zeuzera pyrina. .

Zonantes. .
ater. .
fasciatus.

hubbardi. .

nubifer .
sch warzi.
signatus. .

subfasciatus

tricuspis. .

Wii
ANN
NR

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3 5185 00258 3506

Pr RL ETE, ER Cee SET ASS TI ER 7

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