VOLUME JUNE 1976 ISSN 0303-2515 INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS 1. MATERIAL should be original and not published elsewhere, in whole or in part. When accepted, copyright becomes the property of the Trustees of the South African Museum. 2. LAYOUT should be as follows: (a) Centred masthead to consist of Title: informative but concise, without abbreviations and not including the names of new genera or species Author’s(s’) name(s) Address(es) of author(s) (institution where work was carried out) Number of illustrations (figures, enumerated maps and tables, in this order) (b) Abstract of not more than 200 words, intelligible to the reader without reference to the text (c) Table of contents giving hierarchy of headings and subheadings (d) Introduction (e) Subject-matter of the paper, divided into sections to correspond with those given in table of contents (f) Summary, if paper is lengthy (g) Acknowledgements (h) References (i) Abbreviations, where these are numerous 3. 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REFERENCES cited in text and synonymies should all be included in the list at the end of the paper, using the Harvard System (ibid., idem, loc. cit., op. cit. are not acceptable): (a) Author’s name and year of publication given in text, e.g.: ‘Smith (1969) describes .. .” ‘Smith (1969: 36, fig. 16) describes...’ ‘As described (Smith 1969a, 1969b; Jones 1971).. ‘As described (Haughton & Broom 1927)...’ ‘As described (Haughton ef a/. 1927)...’ Note: no comma separating name and year pagination indicated by colon, not p. names of joint authors connected by ampersand et al. in text for more than two joint authors, but names of all authors given in list of references. (b) Full references at the end of the paper, arranged alphabetically by names, chronologically within each name, with suffixes a, b, etc. to the year for more than one paper by the same author in that year, e.g. Smith (1969a, 19695) and not Smith (1969, 1969a). For books give title in italics, edition, volume number, place of publication, publisher. For journal article give title of article, title of journal in italics (abbreviated according to the World list of Scientific periodicals. 4th ed. London: Butterworths, 1963), series in parentheses, volume number, part number (only if independently paged) in parentheses, pagination (first and Jast pages of article). Examples (note capitalization and punctuation) BULLouGH, W. S. 1960. Practical invertebrate anatomy. 2nd ed. London: Macmillan. FISCHER, P.-H. 1948. Données sur la résistance et de le vitalité des mollusques. —J. Conch., Paris 88: 100-140. FISCHER, P.-H., DuvAL, M. & RarFFy, A. 1933. Etudes sur les échanges respiratoires des littorines.— Archs Zool. exp. gén. 74: 627-634. Konn, A. J. 1960a. Ecological notes on Conus (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the Trincomalee region of Ceylon. — Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (13) 2: 309-320. Konn, A. J. 19606. Spawning behaviour, egg masses and larval development in Conus from the Indian Ocean. — Bull. Bingham oceanogr. Coll. 17 (4): 1-51. THIELE, J. 1910. Mollusca: B. Polyplacophora, Gastropoda marina, Bivalvia. In: SCHULTZE, L. Zoologische und anthropologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise im westlichen und zentralen Siid-Afrika 4: 269-270. Jena: Fischer. — Denkschr. med.-naturw. Ges. Jena 16: 269-270. (continued inside back cover) ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM ANNALE VAN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE MUSEUM Volume 69 Band June 1976 Junie Rant, le Deel ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM THE ST PAUL AND AMSTERDAM ISLANDS, SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN By BRIAN KENSLEY Cape Town Kaapstad The ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM are issued in parts at irregular intervals as material becomes available Obtainable from the South African Museum, P.O. Box 61, Cape Town Die ANNALE VAN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE MUSEUM word uitgegee in dele op ongereelde tye na beskikbaarheid van stof Verkrygbaar van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum, Posbus 61, Kaapstad OUT OF PRINT/UIT DRUK 1, 2(1, 3, 5-8), 3(1-2, 4-5, t.—p.i.), 5(1-3, 5, 7-9), 6(1, t.-p.i.), 70-4), 8, 91-2), 10(1), 11(1-2, 5, 7, t.-p.i.), 15(5), 24(2), 27, 311-3), 33 Price of this part/Prys van hierdie deel R5,00 Trustees of the South African Museum © Trustees van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum 1976 ISBN 0 949940 90 9 Printed in South Africa by In Suid-Afrika gedruk deur The Rustica Press, Pty., Ltd., Die Rustica-pers, Edms., Bpk., Court Road, Wynberg, Cape Courtweg, Wynberg, Kaap ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM THE ST PAUL AND AMSTERDAM ISLANDS, SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN By BRIAN KENSLEY South African Museum, Cape Town (With 26 figures) LMS accepted 26 February 1976] ABSTRACT A collection of land and marine Isopoda and Tanaidacea from the St Paul and Amsterdam Islands, southern Indian Ocean, is dealt with. Three species of tanaids and thirty-four species of isopods are discussed. Of these, seven new species are described, viz. Eisothistos crateris, Panathura amstelodami, Cymodocella sapmeri, Munnogonium subtilis, Coulmannia unicornis, Echinomunna uroventralis, and Ianisera trepidus. The latter species belongs to the new genus Tanisera, while a species of Janira, viz. J. angusta Barnard, is transferred to the new genus Taniroides. The isopod fauna is analysed into zoogeographical components. It is shown that there is a strong endemic fauna (27%), as well as a South American/Antarctic/Subantarctic and a widespread component, but by far the largest component (35 %) is that group common to the islands and South Africa (mostly the west coast of South Africa). It is concluded that the isopod fauna of the St Paul and Amsterdam Islands falls into the cold-temperate faunal category with strong affinities to the fauna of South Africa. CONTENTS PAGE Introduction’: ies ae en 26 Review of published work. . 262 SDECIeSHIStla et mmeyEen nae OS Stationslisty aa ame eee ee OS Systematic discussion . . . 271 Zoogeographical discussion . 318 Acknowledgements. . . . 321 IReferenCes\ a mein Some oL INTRODUCTION During 1971-2, a research programme centred on the St Paul and Amster- dam Islands was sponsored by Terres Australes et Antarctiques, with the logistic support of the Société Anonyme de Péche Maritime et de Ravitaille- ment (S.A.P.M.E.R.). As part of this programme, J. Beurois of the Station Marine d’Endoume et Centre Oceanographie, Marseille, made extensive collections of invertebrates from these islands, both intertidally and subtidally. The marine and the few terrestrial isopods collected were submitted to the author for identification. The following is an account of the species found, with a discussion of their zoogeographical implications. Most of the type specimens are deposited in the Paris Museum of Natural History. A few para- types are deposited in the South African Museum, and are designated ‘SAM’. 261 Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 69 (11), 1976: 261-323, 26 figs. 262 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM REVIEW OF PUBLISHED WORK ON ISOPODA FROM THE ST PAUL AND AMSTERDAM ISLANDS The St Paul and Amsterdam Islands, situated at 38.43S, 77.32E and 37.55S, 77.40E respectively (see fig. 1), almost midway in the southern Indian Ocean, and just north of the Subtropical Convergence, have been visited by biologists at infrequent intervals. The Austrian frigate Novara called at the islands during its circumnavigation of the earth in 1857-9. A preliminary report on the isopods by C. Heller was published in 1861, while the full report appeared in 1865. This dealt with five species of isopods and one tanaid: Jdotea nitida, Cleantis granulosa, Porcellio paulensis, Sphaeroma perforata, Cirolana rugicauda and Tanais gracilis. Brocchi (1877) reported on a collection of isopods made by Velain and d’Lisle during the French mission sent to observe the passage of Venus. Nine species were dealt with, viz. /dotea nitida, Porcellio paulensis, Sphaeroma perforata, Sphaeroma tuberculata, Cymodoce picta, Cirolana rugicauda, Rocinela major and Cymothoa gadorum. This material, unfortunately, cannot be located and must be presumed lost. The German South-Polar Expedition of 1901-3 visited the islands on the Gauss. Vanhoffen (1914) reported on the marine isopods, listing seven species and one tanaid: Cirolana rugicauda, Cycloidura perforata, Dynamenella brunnea, Jaeropsis paulensis, Aniias hispidus, Antias marmoratus, Janira sp. and Tanais gracilis. Budde-Lund (1906) dealt with the land isopods of this expedition and mentions Deto armata from St Paul. Finally, André (1932) lists three species, viz. Paridotea ungulata, Cycloidura perforata and Porcellio paulensis. To date, the total number of isopods from the St Paul and Amsterdam Islands numbers 16 species, 4 of these being of uncertain identity. The present collection includes 35 species, bringing the total number of isopods to 44, this more-than-doubling of the number being a reflection of the very thorough collecting carried out by J. Beurois. meomsgotASsseenoeed bse Seo! he eed be tessa Amsterdam Is St Paul Is | | PS | Kerguelen Is Fig. 1. Map showing position of the St Paul and Amsterdam Islands. ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 263 BI]ONG PAON UeISILL, “puvluselH oyloed-Opuy uevourl -IO}1PoN. onuepy yynog pue pue YVION uojAaD IYO ondIeUy eluosejed urease jo syiels oson{ [2p eLIOLL, Bulues Ly onoieyUuy ROLIOUTY YINOS UONNLYSIp [e.10uayH Avg os[ey of Z}IIOpNnT onbiquiesoyy 0} adeg onbiquieso yy Oy ZSPN Aeg os[ey Avg 919.1 ueqing 0} Z}LIOpNT ROLY YNOS WOE-ST sosuods pue oes/e SuoWe g[qeo Aonq uo ovs|e puv souo}s SUOUR ovs/e pur souo}s SUOLUR UW OS—-SC ‘sosuods pue souo}s Jopun jesonyjqns uolNqiysip ydop pur UWI C-() SOABIT, SIJSAIOAIDINN UO WI p—¢ ‘ovs[e *sguo}s ‘SOO dyjoy suowe $}001 djoy suowe $}001 djoy suoure SOUO}S ‘SJOOI djoy suowe [e10}T[RAJUT dtodd souo}s pur JoAvIS Jopun [RIOT WeIQey WRpJO}sULy puR [Ned 1S * preuleg vipjnI1ja4 Dajoplivog * * (199) Vpiiu vajoplivog ‘+ 9sog vayjpjaiu vajopy IOJOH VsSojnuvas SUvALD ¥dOdOSI * (IDkOTM) MMuUsiAvs YY aYIO}daT UMOIG JpAvUIDG DYaYyIO|daT * (AQ]JOH) SYJIvAS SipUD] DUP PAIIVCIFNFL SdIOdds UOTDAS OIVLWU9}SAS UL YIM yvaP JOU— x. “UOT}ONS IVVUIDYSAS OY} UT YIM J[vOp ore AOYI YOIYM UL JOPIO OY) UT posuvsIE o1v satdads OY} “SIT SUIMO]]OJ OY} UT LSIT SAIDddS ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM 264 uONNQLYSIp [e1ouaDH uonngisip yidap pue yeuqey WepJo}suy pue [neg 1S BIUIOFTeD WOE 3S YVION eqD 9es[e pol Ul $JOOI djoy ur — OS See SIN ORT DIDJoUNdLApOND vIAOUUNTT le Ee abs SS ascore DIvj]NI4aqn] DULOABYAS y, uOpuoT jseq UI ¢ JUOLUIpas oes[e ‘souojs = = OV A'S = youyq Ul ‘ovsye suowe sjood (spieMpy ‘WW *H) “JUIOg AYDOY yssuOWe Jepn.49}ur SNIDAO{AId SNPVBIIOS1ADT Ul 09-ST Aeg osjey ‘oes[e W p-¢ S}JOOI = = 0} Z}LIOpN'T ‘sosuods woly djoy Suowe = * plevuieg saxoip pjjauaupvudqg Uy] ‘sosuods = = = + = “SoUO}S ‘S}OO1 souo}s ‘ovsye uayoyur,d djoy suowe yssuowP pauundg vjJavauDud gq UW Q9 ‘BOZOAIq W p-T ‘sosuods “‘ae8|[B ‘S}OO1 — = = + ‘ge3|e SUOLUL djoy suowe ovsjeyssuoure =~ aou “ds sauidns pyjavopoud,y Tysoo.1g void vaIOpOUIAD) y, ur 9‘Q ‘sLiqop o1UeS.10 ul sosuods Avg eudjoH 1s “souo}s ‘ovs|e = = YIOT[ON 110g = ‘djoy suowue — * JOJOH vpnvai6na pu_joAD Aeg os[ey oe3/e ‘S}OO1 = = 0} ZyLIOpNT = djoy suowe — (pleuleg) bpnvoisdas DANYJoUDg WQ8-OS ‘sasuods ‘ovsye S}OOL == = = + *YOOI WOT djoy suowe = “AOU “dS Jlubpojajsuip DANY DUD BOZOAIG ‘sosuods uo ‘ssuldeos = = = + = YOOI WO = “AOU “dS S1aJDID SOJSIYIOSI IMO Soe BOLIWY YINOG diuepu”q [BIOWTGNS [e10}} 1 e1JUr [BLOW] SdIOddS BOLISUTW YING Jedd 265 ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN SOIPUT SOA ‘ueder BIpessny “elueuuse |], ‘ueder “pue[eaZ MON *s] UZTONSIOY BISIOOD YING ojo 1ejUVy “sy puepyley ‘s] puepjony ud[ONBI1I>J s[fq) Avg osjey Avg [IS Aeg os[ey Aeg eyueples [e}8N Aeg os[ey uopuo’T }seq ‘Avg 9[qeL [een uvqing Aeg oqv yt, Wi ¢z ‘sosuods ‘oes|e Suowe Jop[nog wo.sy ssuldeios Ww OOI-SP “Souo}s ‘sosuods ‘oes[e SUOWL ut 09-0S “JUSUIPas SE [q Ur ‘sosuods ‘aes[e SUOWIe UW O8-OS ‘pues os1v09 wo.j ‘sasuods ‘ese ‘SIIqop o1ues10 yssuowe ww 06-OS ‘sosuods ‘ae5(v SUOLUL sosuods “s[e.10o ‘oes[e SUOUL WwW QL-09 “s[B.109 ‘sosuods SuOUUP sosuods ‘aes[e ‘djoy suowe — oes|v ‘djoy suowe a UNIV SAJISAAY uo DIDAUI] SIAJOT JO IDAOD | [15 UO * (pieuleg) visnsup sapiomuvy " 5s "+ (agoyue,) smudofijaa sisdosuv1zavy WISUSPION Malsfoy spljupy ‘ uoyoyue,A supidsiy spyup * SOIZUDTT SNYdAOWIp SDIJUP pivuleg vYyuvpjvs wnlijauals plvuIKg snuvuiisspsd WiNLJaUaly TYyoo1g 4O/DlU VJIUIION » pieuleg syluoiu vsap JIOUIO]A W BWPOIYIS susuayp Uv VSaP (sprvApgq "WW °H) MPNBUADA DIOBUOMT TYDIOAG, WM4OPVS VOYJOWUIAD y. ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM wOcI-0s 266 ‘sosuods “eOZOAIQ w9‘0 “sy puvypy[ey “s[@109 Daj SuoWe a) iit) ‘oesje suowe ‘s}OO1 djay uO — * + UWWRISUSPION YUU DUUNnwh sosuods “s[e109 = = -{ ‘BOZOAIQ UO — — 2 ee AOUMCS SYDAJUIAOAN DUUNLUOUIYIT = — + W 0OI-08 = — “AOU “dS suusooiun DluUuDUT|NOD = == + UW Q9-0S = — “AOU ‘ds sujigns Wniuosouunpy SLIqop s1ues.10 BOZOAIQ *souo}s ‘S}OOI ‘sy ysnoH — ‘sasuods uo djoy suowe — ‘ uayoyurA sisuajnod sisdosape WO8-ST ‘sosuods “BozoA1q wi ¢‘Q S}OO1 = = + ‘s7e.109 SUOLUB djoy suowe = * AQ[SUdy 1810Anaq Sisdosave Ww OcI-OP ‘uvIuOs.103 uo ‘voZOAIq sjood ‘aes[e w9‘0 jepnzojur uopuoT 1seq ‘sasuods dyjoy ‘sosuods *souoys = 0} ZLIOpN'T ‘souo}s SUOLUB ‘ae3[e SUOLUL ‘ovs]e SUOWUL pieuleg sypdjod sisdosuvy BOZOAIG uw 9‘~, ‘sosuods SUSAIOAIDIN Avg os[ey ‘aes|v uO S}OO1 = 0} Z}LIOpNT ‘souo}s SUOLUP dyjoy Suowe — pieuleg sisuadpo paluoe WW OOT—Of “s[R.109 “BOZOAIG ‘sosuods = = + SuOUIe = — ‘AOU ‘ds snpidadsy DAS UDI ee ee IO O1VO1BJUY BOLIY YINOS oO pur [e10Gns [e10}}1[P.1UL [e10}T SdIOdd$ BOLIOULY YINOG joddq, uoNNqIysIp yop pur yeVIQvy Weplo}suUy pue [Neg 1S UOTNGLIySIp [eIIUIH ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 267 “ST PUDSTOH 1S ‘eyuny ep UPISILL, odey vuskUuy 07 “WAS uIog AYIOY W OQOT-O8 ‘sosuods [e109 UO a10yse poysem day Uo SUIpsay souo}s Jopun *SOOTADIO Je.10931]-prad _— pure soddn QO] 4aqgvos 01]2I40g ULIONDH) VIVUIYII OJAT ‘ds puuny 268 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM STATION LIST AMSTERDAM ISLAND (AMS) Station No. al a2 a3 a4 Date 10.2.1971 10.2.1971 10.2.1971 11.2.1971 11.2.1971 LD OTA 11.2.1971 22 AST ZL2ZAIT DTDASTL 12.2.1971 WPA PANE 12.2.1971 1221974 P22 AOA 14.2.1971 14.2.197]1 14.2.1971 9.2.1971 19.2.1971 19.2.1971 OPEL Til 19.2.1971 222 AOTA 23.2.1971 23.2.1971 24.2.1971 27.2.1971 9.3.1971 9.3.1971 9.3.1971 ey PAIL Al S297 11.12.1971 SaPANE)7/II 13.12.1971 14.12.1971 Depth (metres) upper infralittoral upper infralittoral upper infralittoral upper infralittoral upper infralittoral upper infralittoral upper infralittoral upper infralittoral midlittoral between midlittoral and sublittoral littoral midlittoral lower midlittoral midlittoral upper infralittoral midlittoral midlittoral upper infralittoral upper infralittoral low tide 0,5 40-50 midlittoral upper midlittoral midlittoral upper sublittoral Locality and ecological data north coast; obtained from scraping 400 cm? amongst abundant algae north coast; obtained from scraping 400 cm? amongst Ulva and Splachnidium north coast; obtained from scraping 400 cm? amongst Splachnidium north coast; among rock crevices and kelp holdfasts north coast; in Laminaria holdfasts north coast, amongst algae north coast, under stones, and in clean sediment north coast, under stones north coast among boulders north coast, in wet sediment north—north-east coast; amongst algae and sponges north—north-east coast; amongst small molluscs and algae north—north-east coast north—north-east coast amongst Porphyra and Splachnidium north—north-east coast under stones east coast; scrapings from algal growth on wall east coast; scrapings from wall east coast; scrapings from cavity north coast; algae from lobster pot north coast, from Macrocystis holdfast washed ashore north coast, from Macrocystis holdfast washed ashore north coast, from Laminaria holdfast north coast, from Laminaria holdfast north coast, under stones north coast, natural tide-pool north coast, under stones south-east coast from lobster pot north coast, under stones north coast, in tide-pools north coast north coast, amongst red algae on Macrocystis fronds north-east coast, from coralligenous bottom, with bryozoa, sponges, and corals north-east coast, from coralligenous bottom north-east coast from antipatharian epifauna north-east coast, from encrusting fauna of stones, sponges, bryozoans, etc. north-east coast, from antipatharian epifauna ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 269 Station No. Date 48 16.12.1971 60 2.1.1972 64a 3.1.1972 64b 3.1.1972 73 6.1.1972 74 8.1.1972 78 9.1.1972 83 9.1.1972 94 13.1.1972 96 IS 1972 100 14.1.1972 101 14.1.1972 103 15.1.1972 111 16.1.1972 119 1.1972 132 .1.1972 133 23.1.1972 142a 251-1972 142b DSA 9O7F2 143 25.1.1972 147 25.1.1972 148 25.1.1972 173 12.2.1972 Di 6.12.1971 D7 2.1.1972 D12 23.2.1972 D9 23.1.1972 B9 17.12.1971 Depth (metres) 80-100 80-100 80 80-100 25 60-100 80-100 0-5 80-100 80-100 80-100 80-100 80-100 25-30 Locality and ecological data north-east coast from bryozoans encrusting antipatharian trunk south-east coast from gorgonacian Acanthogorgia south-east coast epifauna from cable sub- merged for one year south-east coast, from buoy and 3-metre floating cable north-east coast, from coralligenous bottom north-east coast, from encrusting fauna of stone from buoy cable south-east coast, from encrusting fauna of stones north-east coast, from bryozoans encrusting antipatharian trunk north-east and south coasts, washed from variety of coralligenous organisms north-east coast, on Macrocystis fronds east coast, from epifauna of antipatharian north-east coast, from epifauna of anti- patharian north-east coast, from encrusting fauna of stones north-east coast, from epifauna of bryozoan east coast, from epifauna of gorgonacian Acanthogorgia north coast, from sponges and corals south-west coast, from epifauna of bryo- zoans and sponges south-west coast, from epifauna of algae and sponges south-west coast, from amongst red algae and sponges west coast, from amongst algae, corals, and sponges west coast, from sponge on antipatharian base north-east coast, from epifauna of anti- patharian trunk south-east of island east coast north coast east coast north-east coast In the following stations, the date of collection is also the station number: Date 2.5.1969 27.3.1970a 27.3.1970b 28.3.1970a 28.3.1970b Depth (metres) sublittoral sublittoral sublittoral sublittoral Locality and ecological data east coast, from amongst alga Prerocladia north coast, from crevices in rocks north coast, from crevices in rocks north coast, from crevices in rocks and under stones north coast, from rocky wall and pools 270 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Date Depth (metres) Locality and ecological 12.12.1970 70 on dead antipatharian trunk 16.1.1971 30 north-east coast, from Macrocystis holdfast 17.1.1971 30 east coast, from encrusting fauna of rock Isopods from the following stations were all taken from the stomach and digestive tracts of the fish Acantholatris monodactylus, all taken with a line, from 2 to 3 metres depth, in February— March 1971: Pl, P2, P6, P7, Pl3a, P13b, P11, P16, P17, P23, P26, P27, P28, P29, P30, P31, P33, P34, P36, P37, P38, P39, P42, P44, P46, P47, P48, P49, P50. Isopods from the following station were taken from the stomach contents of the rock lobster Jasus paulensis: J11. ST PAUL ISLAND Station No. Date Depth (metres) Locality and ecological data 3} 19.12.1971 2-3 north edge of crater, from amongst sponges, bryozoans, and ascidians growing on sub- merged gill net 6a 19.12.1971 sublittoral inside crater, amongst algae 6c 19.12.1971 sublittoral inside crater, amongst Ulva Ta 20.12.1971 sublittoral inside crater, amongst algae 7b 20.12.1971 sublittoral inside crater, from under stones 8a 20.12.1971 mid- to sublittoral inside crater, amongst stones and algae 8b 20.12.1971 inside crater, from black sediment between stones and algae 8c 20.12.1971 inside crater, amongst organic debris and green algae 14 21.12.1971 upper sublittoral exterior of north jetty, amongst red algae 15 21.12.1971 littoral exterior of north jetty, from amongst Splachnidium rugosum 16 21.12.1971 sublittoral exterior of north jetty, on rocks 18 VA Oars sublittoral inside crater, amongst encrusting algae, sponges, and ascidians 19 21.12.1971 from rock scrapings 20 21.12.1971 from rock scrapings 22a 22.12.1971 sublittoral inside crater, amongst encrusting corals, bryozoa, and worm tubes on boulders 22b 22.12.1971 sublittoral inside crater, amongst encrusting algae on boulders 22c 22.12.1971 sublittoral inside crater, amongst encrusting ascidians, sponges and bryozoans 23 22.12.1971 sublittoral amongst encrusting algae, sponges and bryozoans 23a 22AD 9ST sublittoral amongst encrusting algae, sponges, and ascidians 24a 22.12.1971 upper sublittoral from Laminaria holdfast 24b 22.12.1971 upper sublittoral from Laminaria holdfast 26 23.12.1971 littoral exterior of crater, east coast 27 23.12.1971 littoral exterior of crater, east coast 28 23.12.1971 littoral amongst algae exterior of crater, east coast 30a 23.12.1971 0,6 inside crater, from Laminaria holdfast 30b 23.12.1971 0,6 inside crater, from Laminaria holdfast 32 23.12.1971 0,6 inside crater, from Macrocystis fronds 35 26.12.1971 3,0 inside crater, amongst sponges, ascidians and algae ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 271 Station No. B19 D8 Date 28.1.1972 30.1.1972 2.2.1972 2.2.1972 4.2.1972 4.2.1972 15.2.1972 15.2.1972 24.12.1971 27.1.1972 30.1.1972 30.1.1972 30.1.1972 30.1.1972 16.2.1972 16.2.1972 Depth (metres) 80-100 60-70 sublittoral sublittoral Locality and ecological data from stomach contents of fish Thyrsites atun south-east coast, amongst encrusting algae, bryozoans and ascidians from Macrocystis holdfast from Macrocystis holdfast on operculum of fish, Latris lineata north-east coast, from encrusting sponges, worm tubes, and corals inside crater, from encrusting sponges, bryo- zoans, ascidians, etc. inside crater, from encrusting worm tubes, and green algae inside crater, from encrusting bryozoans, worm tubes and algae on stones exterior of crater, amongst red algae and bryozoans north-east coast, from coarse sandy bottom east coast, from Laminaria holdfast east coast, from Laminaria holdfast east coast, from red algae north-east coast, from red algae, and bryozoans north-east coast, from coarse sediment In the following stations the date of collections is also the station number: Date 1970 29.12.1970 Depth (metres) 25-30 80-100 Locality and ecological data exterior of crater, from Macrocystis exterior of crater, amongst sponges, ascidians and hydroids on floating buoy interior of crater, found in fishing boat exterior of crater, from submerged cable SYSTEMATIC DISCUSSION Order TANAIDACEA Family Tanaidae Anatanais gracilis (Heller) Tanais gracilis Heller, 1865: 133, pl. 12 (fig. 3). Vanhoffen, 1914: 468, fig. 6a-g. Barnard, 1925a: 381; 1940: 489. Previous records Lideritzbucht to Durban, St Paul and Amsterdam Islands, Ceylon. Di ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Material AMS a4 1 St Paul 6c 1 b3 1 Ta 2 11 1 7b 1 74 1 8a 1 ovig. 2 + 1 142b 1 D5/c 1 ovig. 2 + 1 18 2 20 3 22b ~—s 1 ovig. 2 Tike ® 90 3 93 2 Leptochelia barnardi Brown Leptochelia barnardi Brown, 1957: 406, figs 4a—c, 5a. Previous records False Bay, Table Bay. Material AMS a4 6 St Paul 90 1 Leptochelia savignyi (Kroyer) Leptochelia savignyi: Brown, 1957: 404, fig. Sb (synonymy). Previous records Liideritzbucht to Mogambique, north and south Atlantic, Mediterranean, Indo-Pacific. Material AMS a4 Uf St Paul B7 1 7b 1 DS5/c 1 19 1 90 2: Order ISOPODA Suborder VALVIFERA Family Idoteidae Idotea metallica Bosc Idotea metallica: Barnard, 1914: 203; 1940: 507. Schultz, 1969: 78, fig. 97. Previous records Wide-ranging, almost cosmopolitan: Cape, Mocambique, Natal, Tristan da Cunha, Greenland, Nova Scotia, Straits of Magellan. Material AMS 78 1 ovig. 2 ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 273 Genus Paridotea Stebbing Heller (1861, 1865) and Brocchi (1877) in their lists of isopods from St Paul and Amsterdam Islands both include /dotea nitida. Hale (1924), André (1932), and Sheppard (1957) place J. nitida in the synonymy of Paridotea ungulata (Pallas). Examination of the idoteids from St Paul and Amsterdam Islands in the present collection, however, revealed two abundant species of Paridotea, neither being P. ungulata. Examination of Heller’s type material, and com- parison with P. ungulata from the Cape, make it clear that P. nitida is a valid species. Paridotea nitida (Heller) Fig. 2B, D, F Idotaea nitida Heller, 1861: 497. Idotea nitida Heller, 1865: 131, pl. 12 (fig. 1). Brocchi, 1877: 97. Previous records St Paul Island. Material AMS 2.5.69 1¢ 99 St Paul D5/b 19 a4 DES Gn mae? Dsje 366 4299 a5 DOO 6c 233 1 ovig. 2 a6 163d 2499 17juv. Ta 233 a7 236 14 26 gS 21 99 a8 hs 1@ 19 23d 2 ovig. 22 Cl 12 gs 18 992 20 19 1 ovig. 2 C2 13 19 28 635 299 C3 3gd 399 59 1d 16 3 3d 3 103d 1399 5 juv. 143 2 juv. P16 152 PAS IL P29 1d 1° P30 DiGi Lee P34 43g 3299 122 / iL © P38 83d 1199 1 ovig. 2 P42 2 P46 1g P49 1d 5 99° P50 2 22 Remarks P. nitida can be separated from P. ungulata, with which it was for many years confused, by the structure of the pleotelsonic apex (distal corners rounded, separated by shallow concave distal margin in P. nitida, distal corners acute and spinose, with more concave distal margin in P. ungulata), the uropodal ramus (distinctly broader than long in P. nitida, as long as wide in P. ungulata), and the shape of the coxal plates of the last four pereional segments. (See fig; ZA. C, E.) 274 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Ij) 4) AP Fig. 2. Paridotea ungulata (Pallas). A—Four posterior coxal plates; C—Uropodal ramus; E—Pleotelsonic apex. Paridotea nitida (Heller). B—Four posterior coxal plates; D—Uropodal ramus; F-—Pleotelsonic apex. E Separation of P. nitida from P. apposita Barnard, 1965, recorded from Gough Island, however, is more difficult. The pleotelsonic structure is identical in these two species, the uropodal ramus very similar (possibly not as wide in P. apposita as in P. nitida), while the seventh pereional coxal plate is perhaps more acute and produced in P. apposita. These differences, however, are very subtle, and more material from Gough Island may well prove the species to be synonymous, the subtle differences being a reflection of the isolation of the population. Paridotea reticulata Barnard Paridotea reticulata Barnard, 1914: 424, pl. 36D; 1940: 507; 1955: 6. Previous records Liuderitzbucht, Port Nolloth, Lamberts Bay, Table Bay, False Bay. Material AMS 23 164 St Paul 32 699 1 ovig. 2 719 8633 1599 3juv. 100 4¢6 592 1 ovig. 2 7 juv. ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 275 Remarks The notch found on the sternum of the seventh pereional segment in South African specimens is not present in specimens from the St Paul and Amsterdam Islands. The spines of the disto-lateral corner of the pleotelson are sometimes absent, possibly worn away. Suborder ANTHURIDEA Family Anthuridae Eisothistos crateris sp. nov. Fig. 3A-—G Description Male: (head and mouthparts damaged). Head with anterior margin between eyes evenly convex, about half length of pereional segment I, with poorly defined median ridge. Pereional segments I-III subequal, each with anterior ‘shoulder’ and medio-dorsal ridge not quite reaching anterior margin. Pereional segments IV—VII posteriorly expanded, rounded, also with medio- dorsal ridge. Segment VII somewhat shorter than preceding segments. Dorso- lateral keels obvious on anterior three segments only. Anterior three pleonal segments wider than long, laterally rounded, 4th and 5th segments not distinct, possibly fused, much shorter and narrower than preceding segments. Eyes well developed, ocelli large, distinct. Antennular peduncle consisting of three stout segments, distal segment bearing pad of elongate setae; flagellum 6-segmented. Antennal peduncle consisting of two short proximal segments plus two slender elongate segments; flagellum 6-segmented. Pereiopod I dactylus with well-developed unguis; propodus two and a half times longer than wide, ventral margin bearing single distal spine plus 10 small serrate spines; carpus short, triangular. Following pereiopods essentially similar to pereiopod I, but with carpi slightly longer, not underriding the propodi. Pleopod 2 with elongate rami, exopod carrying six slender setae, endopod with four setae and sabre-shaped stylet on inner margin reaching well beyond apex of ramus, apically acute. Uropods and telson indurated. Uropodal exopod tripartite, consisting of inner rounded basal process armed with three to four small spines, median spike-like elongate portion and outer spine-like process; endopod just reaching apex of telson, apically acute, margins dentate. Telson evenly rounded, distally wider than proximally, latero- distal margins serrate; strong flattened medio-dorsal keel present, bearing three or four small spines distally. 276 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Fig. 3. Eisothistos crateris sp. nov. A—Holotype in dorsal view; B—Telson and uropod; C—Antennule; D—Antenna; E—Pereiopod I; F—Pereiopod VII; G—Pleopod 2. ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 277 Material Holotype: St Paul 90 1. Paris Museum Is. 1001 Remarks Of the three species of Eisothistos described, E. vermiformis Haswell and E. atlanticus Vanh6ffen are easily separated from the present species, either by general body shape, or on the nature of the telson. There is a marked resem- blance to E. antarcticus Vanhoffen 1914. The telson of the Antarctic species differs from the present species in having the medio-dorsal ridge armed with numerous spines (instead of four obscure spines), and in the outer process of the uropodal exopod, which is blunt and dentate (rather than spiniform). These differences could perhaps be due to variation within the same species. Another obvious difference is in the pleonal structure. The present specimen has the anterior three pleonal segments large and laterally rounded and the posterior segments obscure, while in E. antarcticus the anterior five pleonal segments are subequal. The species is named crateris as it was collected from the crater of St Paul Island which is open to the sea. Panathura amstelodami sp. nov. Figs 4A—-H, 5A-F Description Male: Anterior margin of head with median point; eye spots lateral. Pereional segment I twice length of head, segment II slightly shorter than I, segments IIIJ-VI subequal, VIIth somewhat shorter. Pleonal segments distinct. Antennule with 5-segmented peduncle, two basal segments as broad as long, 3rd and 4th segments subequal, wider than long, 5th segment more elongate, flagellum 4-segmented. Antenna with 3-segmented peduncle, 3-segmented flagellum. Mandibular palp 3-segmented, Ist and 3rd segments subequal, each about half length of middle segment; third segment bearing row of 7 spines, proximal 4 spines short; incisor portion of mandible consisting of three strong teeth plus thin plate with dentate margin. Maxilla slender, bearing 6 spines. Maxillipedal palp 4 or 5-segmented, 3rd segment largest, endite extending on inner margin to distal level of 3rd palp segment, distally tapered. Pereiopod I propodus with strong proximal triangular tooth forming a ‘thumb’, palm with two smaller proximal and one distal tooth; unguis of dactylus large and well-defined. Pereiopod II more slender and longer than I, palm with strong proximal ‘thumb’ and small tooth at base, larger distal tooth; carpus with two spines on ventral margin. Pereiopods III-VII similar, propodus twice length of carpus, both segments bearing ventral fringed spines; carpus hardly underriding propodus. 278 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM oD es YD OY ——— ae — tea ——_———> os ————— —————S yu ) H Fig. 4. Panathura amstelodami sp. nov. A—Holotype in dorsal view; B—Antenna; ©C—Antennule; DD—Uropodal exopod; E—Uropodal basis and endopod; F—Mandible; G—Maxilla; H—Maxilliped. ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 279 Fig. 5. Panathura amstelodami sp. nov. A—Pereiopod I; B-—Pereiopod II; C—Telson; D-—Pereiopod VII; E—Pleopod 1; F—Pleopod 2. 280 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Pleopod | exopod broad, operculiform, fringed with 13-14 plumose setae; endopod less than half length of exopod, very narrow, triangular, with single terminal plumose seta. Pleopod 2 exopod and endopod equal in length, former distally truncate, latter distally rounded. Uropodal exopod leaf-shaped, bearing numerous marginal setae, outer margin with four to five serrations in hyaline border; endopod with distal segment longer than proximal, with hyaline border non-serrate. Telson widest in distal half, with broad hyaline border, latter finely dentate distally, apical region bearing numerous simple setae. Material Holotype AMS a4 13 total length 5,0 mm Paris Museum Is. 1002 Paratypes AMS 119 392 3,0mm 3,2mm 4,4mm SAM-A14994 Paratypes AMS 142b 292 3,2mm 3,8 mm Paris Museum Is. 1003 Remarks Barnard (1925) defines Panathura as similar to Apanthura, but possessing a 6-segmented maxilliped and with the palm of pereiopod I straight. The distinctive maxilliped, together with the distinct pleonal segments, operculiform Ist pleopods, and the 5th segment of pereiopods IV—VII underriding the 6th segment, complete the generic definition. The present material agrees with all these features, with the possible exception of the pereiopodal carpi, which only just underride the propodi. The present species differs from P. serricauda, with which it was collected, on several counts. The telson and uropods in Barnard’s species are indurated and obviously serrated, and the uropodal exopod is a broad structure. In P. amstelodami the telson and uropods are not indurated, and possess a thin hyaline border, the exopod is a leaf-shaped structure, and although slightly serrate on the outer margin does not approach the almost dentate condition in P. serricauda. Further differences may be seen in the pereiopodal structure, as well as in the Ist pleopod with its reduced endopod. P. formosa Menzies & Frankenberg (1966), recorded from deep water off Georgia, U.S.A. possesses a very distinctive pleotelsonic structure, while the endite is not as developed as in the present species. Panathura serricauda (Barnard) Fig. 6A-D Apanthura serricauda Barnard, 1920: 339, pl. 15 (figs 11-12). Panathura serricauda: Barnard, 1940: 490, 497; 1955: 5. Previous records Lideritzbucht, Saldanha Bay, Table Bay, False Bay. ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 281 C Fig. 6. Panathura serricauda (Barnard). A—Animal in dorsal view; B—Maxilliped; C—four distal segments of pereiopod I; D—Telson. Material AMS a4 7 ovig. 22 + 20 specimens St Paul 90 2 specimens a5 1 specimen a6 1 specimen Suborder FLABELLIFERA Family Cirolanidae Cirolana rugicauda Heller Cirolana rugicauda Heller, 1861: 497; 1865: 142, pl. 12 (fig. 13). Brocchi, 1877: 99. Hansen, 1890: 358. Vanhoffen, 1914: 503, fig. 40. Barnard, 1940: 397, fig. 8. Previous records St Paul Island, Port Nolloth, St Helena Bay. 282 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Material AMS St Paul al 1 juv. 6c DBC) 3. G2 7 juv. a2 1 juv. Ta 13 3) YO) 5 juv. a3 1 juv. Tb 9 gg 1099 6 juv. a4 19 gg 33 99 sev. juv. 8a 10g5 2099 1 ovig. ¢ sev. juv. a5 6.22 8b 236. 4:92 6 juv. a6 sev. Juv. 8c 7 juv. a7 31992 5 juv. 14 1g 1 juv. a8 466 499 22a 1 juy. a9 2 juv. 24b 16 6 99 sev. juv. ald 13 8 2° 30a 3356 8 99 sev. juv. b3 1 juv. 30b 4 99 8 juv. Cl 13 2 99 2 juv. 90° 17'ss 105¢9 C3 1 3 juv. 93 433 1199 4 juv. P46 12 6b 13 4 99 2 juv. 8 13 1 ovig. 2 sev. juv. 10 io 24a eer AS sev. Juv. 2.5.1969 19 27.3.1970/b 333 699 Family Sphaeromatidae Cymodocella sapmeri sp. nov. Figs 7A-G, 8A-E, 9A-E Description Body two and one third times longer than wide, widest at VIIth pereional segment; head and pereional segments I-VI smooth; posterior margin of VIlIth segment slightly nodose; pleon segment | usually concealed by pereion; last pleonal segment bearing irregular row of ten to twelve small conical tubercles. Pleotelson very convex, bearing numerous tubercles, some rounded, most conical. Apex of pleotelson forming dorsally flexed tube, the opening of which has tiny spike or papilla protruding into it. Coxal plates of pereional segments bearing pile of short hairs. Epistome A-shaped, with slender rami. Antennules shorter than antennae, with 3-segmented peduncle longer than flagellum. Antennal peduncle 5-segmented, distal segment longest; flagellum of about twenty-two segments, longer than peduncle. Mandibular palp 3-segmented, terminal segment with thirteen pectinate setae, middle segment with eight pectinate setae; incisor process of four teeth, lacinia mobilis of three teeth; setal row of eight penicilis; molar process broad, with dentate margin. Inner ramus of first maxilla bearing four elongate fringe setae, plus shorter simple seta; outer ramus tipped with eight dentate spines, degree of dentition varying from fairly smooth to many large denticles. ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 283 jf il i Y hy) Fig. 7. Cymodocella sapmeri sp. nov. iew; C—Left mandible; A—Holotype in dorsal view; B—Pleotelson in lateral view; D—Second maxilla; E—First maxilla; F—Maxilliped; G—Epistome 284 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Fig. 8. Cymodocella sapmeri sp. nov. A—Antenna; B—Antennule; C—Pereiopod I; D—Pereiopod VII; E—Penes. Second maxilla, inner ramus with about ten fringed spines, both lobes of outer ramus tipped with four or five pectinate curved spines. Maxillipedal palp 5-segmented, second segment longest; segments two, three and four somewhat lobed, lobes bearing clumps of simple setae; endite bearing about ten fringed spines, and single coupling hook. Pereiopod I with propodus, carpus, merus, and distal part of ischium bearing pile of fine short setules; propodus bearing five fringed spines; carpus very short; dactylus tipped with distal curved spine with shorter blunt spine at its base. Pereiopods increasing slightly in length posteriorly. Pereiopod VII with carpus bearing six fringed spines; ischium with two strong spines on dorsal margin. ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 285 Fig. 9. Cymodocella sapmeri sp. nov. A—Pleopod 1; B—Pleopod 2; C—Pleopod 3; D—Pleopod 4; —Pleopod 5. E 286 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Rami of penis moderately elongate, tapering slightly. Pleopod 1 exopod broadly oval, longer than triangular endopod. Pleopod 2 exopod oval, much smaller and shorter than triangular endopod; latter with stylet on median margin, stylet slightly longer than endopod, distally dilated, apically narrowly rounded. Pleopod 3 with oval exopod shorter than triangular endopod. Pleopods 4 and 5 with both rami membranous, pleated. Both rami of uropod elongate-oval, of equal length, distally rounded, margins slightly serrulate. Pleotelson of female less obviously tuberculate than that of male. Material Holotype AMS C3 14.4 Paris Museum Is. 1004 Allotype AMS C2 1 ovig. 2 Paris Museum Is. 1005 Paratypes St Paul D5/c 1393 9292 6 ovig. 22 Paris Museum Is. 1006 Paratypes AMS Cl 53d 1292 14 ovig. 92 SAM-A14995 AMS St Paul a2 5 92 1 juv. D/Sa 3 99 lovig.2 2 juv. a3 12 1juv. D5/b 1 ovig. 2 a4 sy Ole 14 433 1099 5 juv. a5 Ihese re hs. 16 1d Ip@ ao 3 92 1 ovig. 2 2 juv. 19 2 ovig. 2° bl 19 20 1d 19 1 ovig. 2° b2/2 6 99 6 juv. 22D eles: C2 53g 7 +e 10 ovig. 22 17 juv. 28 792 lovig.2 11 juv. C3 43g 12 3ovig.92 7 juv. 90 6435 16 99 3 ovig. 29 P29 1 ovig. 2 P30 3}, Oe P33 1 ovig. 2 P34 1 ovig. 2 P36 2) 99 3 13 6b 233 2 juv. 24a 233 299 1 ovig.? 147 2 juv. 28.3.1970/b 1d 19 Remarks Of the eleven species of Cymodocella described, the present species only resembles C. nipponica Nishimura, from Japan, to a limited degree. That Japanese species possesses numerous rounded tubercles on the pleotelson, while the present species possesses more numerous conical tubercles. Apart from this tenuous similarity, C. sapmeri is quite distinct from all other described species. This species is named for S.A.P.M.E.R., the lobster-fishing company Operating around the St Paul and Amsterdam Islands (see introduction), and for the ship used by the Company. ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 287 Dynamenella brunnea Vanhéoffen Fig. 1OA-B Dynamenella brunnea Vanhoffen, 1914: 516, fig. 49. non Dynamenella huttoni: Barnard, 1940: 419. Previous records St Paul Island. Material AMS al 152 St Paul D5/a 2455 299 Ijuv. a3 2 2° DS5/c 11 992 sev. juv. a4 286, 3129 7b 13 a5 2 juv. 8a 2 juv. a6 11 92 sev. juv. 14 1¢ sev. juv. a7 533 20 Ie 5 juv. a8 233 26 1, al0 Bere | Pe 28 3 99 bl 1° b2/2 209 cl 1g 1499 sev. juv. c2 7 99 c3 2 2 Pi 19 P2 sev. Juv. P4 1 juv. P6 3 juv. 14/ 2 juv. P13b 19° P16 1g sev. juv. P23 2 juv. P26 sev. juv. P27 4 juv. P28 1 juv. P29 sev. juv. P31 1 juv. P30 333 299 sev. juv. P36 sev. juv. P34 sey. Juv. P38 1 ¢ 4 99 sev. juv. P44 1 juv. P45 1 juv. P48 2 juv. P49 sev. juv. P50 3g35 699 sev. juv. P83 7 juv. 3 3566) 0.92 “seve juv. 8 58 $3 28 99 12 935 192 16 1S MOnuve 24a 12 2.5.1969 1g 6 22 1.3.1970 13 3 99 27.3.1970/b 3 oo 28.3.1979/b 433 999 288 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Fig. 10. Dynamenella brunnea Vanh6ffen. A—Pleotelson; B—Epistome; C—Epistome of D. huttoni. Remarks Examination of Vanh6ffen’s type material in both the Berlin Museum and the British Museum, together with the very large number of specimens in the present collection, shows that this is indeed a valid species. Separation from D. huttoni which resembles (and with which Barnard synonymized it) is best done by reference to three features: pleotelsonic structure, epistome and head structure, and colour pattern. The dorsal surface of the pleotelson in D. brunnea always has some indication of tuberculation. In juveniles of less than 2 mm length, the two main submedian tubercles can already be seen, while in larger specimens these two large tubercles are supplemented by several smaller tuber- cles. D. huttoni by contrast invariably possesses a smooth pleotelson. The median ventrally-directed lobe of the sinuous frontal margin of the head in D. brunnea is relatively narrower than in D. huttoni; a subtle difference in the shape of the epistomes is also constant. The colour pattern, though variable in both species, is more constant in D. brunnea, where a rhomboidal pale patch is frequently seen mid-dorsally on pereional segments II to IV. While D. huttoni often has pale dorsal patches, these almost never are as regular as in the former species. Dynamenella dioxus Barnard Dynamenella dioxus Barnard, 1914: 419; 1940: 418, 505. Day, Field & Penrith, 1970: 48. Previous records Liideritzbucht, Port Nolloth, Lamberts Bay, Table Bay, False Bay. Material AMS a4 236 128 St Paul D/S5a 1¢ 74 33g 499 142a 1¢ 19 142b 7335 1899 5 juv. 147 1¢ 19 ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 289 Parisocladus perforatus (H. M. Edwards) Sphaeroma perforata Edwards, 1840: 211. Heller, 1861: 496; 1865: 139, pl. 12 (fig. 9). Spheroma perforata: Brocchi, 1877: 97. Dynamenella perforata: Hansen, 1905: 117, 126. Cycloidura perforata: Stebbing, 1910: 431. Vanhoffen, 1914: 511, figs 45-46. Parisocladus perforatus: Barnard, 1914: 402, pl. 32H; 1940: 418, 505. Penrith & Kensley, 1970a: 228; 19705: 259. Day, Field & Penrith, 1970: 48. Previous records Rocky Point (S.W.A.), Mowe Bay (S.W.A.), Swakopmund, Liideritzbucht, Port Nolloth, Lamberts Bay, Dyers Island, Table Bay, False Bay, Port Alfred, East London, St Paul Island, Amsterdam Island. Material AMS al sev. Juv. St Paul DS5/a 13 3699 a3 6d5 899 sev. juv. D5/b 1 juv. a4 43S 699 sev. juv. D5/e S5dS 892 1 juv. a5 BO) 6a 1 juv. a7 2 29 6c 12 3d sev. juv. a9 13 182 Ta 13 dd 399 sev. juv. b2/la 19° 8a 233 4 juv. b2/1b 4 99 sev. juv. 8b 13 b2/2 3°36 3°29) “sev. juv: 14 64d sev. juv. b3 led 2 juv. 15 236 sev. juv. @2 Shreve Ile 16 1343 sev. juv. C3 2 juv. 18 13 392 3juv. Jil 1 juv. 19 3 33 sev. juv. P2 1¢ 20 sev. juv. Pll 433 799 22a 12 2juv. Pl3a 3gd 399 22b 2 juv. P13b 23d 499 sev. juv. 226 12 1 juv. P17 6 juv. 23a sev. juv. P26 6 juv. 26 13 4 99 P28 1 juv. 23 13 dg 1099 P29 6 juv. 27 13 4 juv. P30 6 juv. 28 3 3d sev. juv. P33 Sev. juv. 30b 3566 lee P34 sey. juv. 30g 13d¢ 999 P36 sev. juv. 35 399° P39 1 juv. 76 8 28 9 juv. P44 7 juv. Tla 2 9° P45 1 juv. 90 G22 P46 246 3 juv. 91 3 33 sev. juv. P47 3 juv. PSO 1¢ 3 233 sev. Juv. Sa 2335 499 sev. juv. 6b Zi 3522 8 Orso eo eS 2 jv: 9 zo? 12 333 14 13 gd 3799 sev. juv. 24a 173g 699 sev. juv. 2.5.1969 1g 27.3.1970/b 2445 2192 3 juv. 28.3.1970/b 255 599 4 juv. 290 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Family Limnoriidae Limnoria (Limnoria) quadripunctata Holthuis Limnoria quadripunctata Holthuis, 1949: 167. Menzies & Mohr, 1952: 81. Menzies, 1957: 127. Schultz, 1969: 143. Previous records North Sea coast of Holland, California coast, Valparaiso (Chile). Material AMS St Paul a4 1¢3 B19 13 Sal BO lkovign? 13 juv. Tla 635 992 9 ovig. 22 5b TES: 4 juv. 1970 346 4 ovig. 2° 16.1.1971 232 2 ovig. 22 6 juv. Remarks These specimens were all found in the holdfasts of the giant brown algae Macrocystis pyrifera and Laminaria pallida from the upper infralittoral zone, with the exception of station B19 on St Paul Island, where the isopods were found in clusters of red algae from a depth of 30 metres. Family Cymothoidae Lironeca raynaudii (H. M. Edwards) Livoneca raynaudii: Barnard, 1920: 358; 1940: 501; 1955: 6. Previous records Table Bay, Durban, New Zealand, Tasmania, New South Wales, Japan. Material St Paul 82 1 SIAL At 3 2 Family Aegidae Aega ‘antillensis’ Schiddte & Meinert Aega antillensis: Richardson, 1905: 170. Barnard, 1925a: 389. Schultz, 1969: 190. Previous records Natal, West Indies, Japan. Material St Paul 1971 1 from fishing-boat Sil 3.1.1971 1 on Thyrsites atun Remarks Slight differences in the frontal laminae, telson, etc., suggest that A. antil- lensis s.s., and specimens from South Africa, and others from St Paul Island are not all the same species, although all keyed out to this species. Aega monilis Barnard Aega monilis Barnard, 1914: 365, pl. 31C; 1940: 500. ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 29] Previous records Table Bay, off Cape Peninsula, off East London. Material St Paul 85 1 ovig. 2 Remarks It seems probable from the brief description provided by Brocchi (1877: 100) of Rocinela major, from St Paul Island, that this was a specimen of Aega monilis. Examination of Brocchi’s type, however, is necessary to establish the identity of R. major Suborder ASELLOTA Family Stenetriidae Stenetrium crassimanus Barnard Stenetrium crassimanus Barnard, 1914: 217; 1940: 510. Wolff, 1962: 23. Previous records False Bay (Cape), Natal. Material St Paul” 18 7 1S 91 26¢ Stenetrium saldanha Barnard Fig. 11A-F Stenetrium saldanha Barnard, 1920: 403. Wolff, 1962: 24, 29. Previous records Saldanha Bay, False Bay, Still Bay. Material AMS D1 1g iV St Paul 18 19 1 ovig. 2 142b 1¢ 19 91 Ales 19 Remarks Wolff's key (1962: 22), taken from Barnard’s description of S. saldanha, places this species in the group which lacks any process at the antero-lateral corner of the first antennal peduncle segment. This segment, however is produced into a triangular process which is sometimes difficult to see. Family Antiasidae Antias dimorphus Menzies Antias dimorphus Menzies, 1962: 63, fig. 16. 292 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Fig. 11. Stenetrium saldanha Barnard . A—Pereiopod I; B—® head in dorsal view; C—Pleotelson; D—Operculum 9; E—Pleopod 1 3; F—Pleopod 2 J. ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 293 Previous records Southern Chile, Kerguelen Island. Material AMS al 15d¢6 1699 14 ovig. 2° St Pauli’ D3)" 16 a2 533 2 ovig. 22 8a 4235 999 24 ovig. 29 a3 53d 492 3 ovig. 99 8b 33d 1 ovig. 2 C2 OSS aS fp D Ovies?? 8c 16535 1699 5 ovig. 29 (@3} DiGiGan wee. 3 ovig. 2° 14 13 2 ovig. 2° 6b ales 90 2 ovig. 22 93 26355 922 10 ovig. 29 Remarks Amongst Vanhdoffen’s material of Antias marmoratus collected by the Siidpolar Expedition at Kerguelen Island (Berlin Museum 17699) are four specimens of Antias dimorphus showing the enlarged first pereional segment. The remaining specimens of 4. ‘marmoratus’ from Kerguelen at St Paul Island collected by the Siidpolar Expedition are probably A. hofsteni Nordenstam. As Vanh6ffen’s material is a mixture of two species, each from a different location, the name A. marmoratus will be omitted from the faunal list of the two islands, but remains on the list of species for Kerguelen Island. Antias hispidus Vanhoéffen Fig. 12A-B Antias hispidus Vanhoffen, 1914: 533, fig. 60. Stephensen, 1927: 356, fig. 24. Nordenstam, 1933: 201, fig. 47. Menzies & Miller, 1955: 385. Previous records St Paul Island, Auckland Island, Falkland Island, Graham region (Antarctica). A Fig. 12. Antias hispidus Vanhoffen. A—Pleopod 2 3; B—Pleopod 1 ¢. 294 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Material AMS _ a6 13 1° St Paul 8a 71335 722 6 ovig. 99 a4 OG Le 3 ovig. 2° 8b 1 ovig. 2 b3 MEE AVE 14 1d D12 12 16 292 1 ovig. 2 7. il & Tla 16 93 3365 299 4 ovig. 99 Antias hofsteni Nordenstam Fig. 13 Antias hofsteni Nordenstam, 1933: 205. Menzies & Miller, 1955: 385. Menzies, 1962: 60. Previous records South Georgia. Material AMS __17.1.1971 19 1 ovig. 2 St Paul 29.1.1971 19 D19 1g B7 1 ovig. 2 119 N63 1 ovig. 2 142b 1 ovig. 2 Fig. 13. Antias hofsteni Nordenstam. Uropod. ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 295 Remarks In the general body structure and proportions, and in the appendages, the present material agrees completely with Nordenstam’s description. The uropod, which was lacking in all the Antarctic material previously collected, is figured. Family Janiridae Caecianiropsis ectiformis (Vanh6ffen) Fig. 14A-C Austroniscus ectiformis Vanh6ffen, 1914: 553, fig. 80. Caecianiropsis ectiformis: Menzies & Pettit, 1956: 446. Previous records Observatory Bay, Kerguelen Island. Material St Paul 90 12 _ Total length 1,5 mm Remarks Vanh6ffen’s figure does not show the first pleonal segment. This segment, although difficult to see, is present in both the Kerguelen and St Paul specimens. Taniroides gen. nov. Diagnosis Janirid possessing eyes, slight rostral point, scale on antennal peduncle. Pereional segments more or less equal in length and width. Coxal plates dorsally visible on all segments. Pleon longer than wide. Pereiopod I similar in male and female; propodus distally expanded, palm straight; dactylus biunguiculate. Pereiopods IJ-VII triunguiculate. Uropod with well-developed basis, exopod half length and width of endopod. Pleopod | in male narrow, Y-shaped, proximal halves of rami contiguous, distal halves divergent, narrow. Discussion In the structure of the antennae and mouthparts, the rostral projection, the prehensile first pereiopod, the triunguiculate dactyli of the remaining pereiopods, this species could be placed into the genus Janira, as Barnard (1920) did. The Y-shaped first pleopod of the male, however, which resembles no other janirid, demands the creation of a new genus. The type species of the genus is Janiroides angusta (Barnard, 1920), and was originally described from a single male from False Bay, Cape. Some of the appendages of this specimen have been refigured. 296 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Fig. 14. Caecianiropsis ectiformis (Vanh6ffen). A—@ in dorsal view; B—Mandible; C—Maxilliped. ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 297 Taniroides angusta (Barnard) Figs 1SA-F, 16A—D Janira angusta Barnard, 1920: 404, pl. 17 (figs 1-3); 1940: 511. Wolff, 1962: 41. Previous records False Bay, Cape 1 ¢. Material AMS 74 32922 1,mm 1,8mm 2,0mm Supplementary description Eyes with nine or ten ocelli. Coxal plates visible on all pereional segments, those on segments I-IV situated at antero-lateral corners, those on segments V-VII on postero-lateral corners; coxal plates of segments I and II distally acute, remaining plates rounded. Pereiopod I similar in male and female, with propodus distally broad, palm armed with five or six short blunt sensory setae; dactylus apically biunguiculate. Operculum in female broader than long, with distal margin slightly concave. Pleopod | in male narrow, rami proximally contiguous, distally divergent, apically tapered, tipped with several setae. Tanisera gen. nov. Diagnosis Janirid possessing eyes, no distinct rostral point; scale on antennal peduncle; antennule well developed. Pereional segments more or less equal in length and width. Coxal plates dorsally visible on all segments. Maxillipedal palp 5-segmented, three proximal segments expanded. Pereiopods similar, ambulatory, dactyli all biunguiculate. Uropodal basis short, rami separate, exopod slightly shorter and narrower than endopod. First pleopod of male very broad, expanded, rami fused proximally. Pleotelson marginally serrate, bearing dorso-lateral ridge. The type species of the genus is Janisera trepidus Sp. nov. Remarks The presence of eyes, well-developed antennules, uropods, and molar process of the mandible, together with the enlarged segments of the maxilli- pedal palp, all the pereiopods being ambulatory, and the body parallel-sided, suggest the group of genera Jaera, Janira, Janilirata, Ianiropsis. The first pereio- pods of the male are not more elongate than the following pereiopods as in Taniropsis, or prehensile as in Janira, neither are the uropods produced well beyond the body margin as in Janilirata, nor does the species possess indented lateral margins of the posterior pereional segments. This species is charac- terized by the broad first pleopod of the male, the pleotelson bearing a lateral ridge, and all the pereiopods armed with two dactylar spines. 298 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM SE ) NED tae ne — 1D Ze ee =) ( oe ze Rebs Fig. 15. Janiroides angusta (Barnard). A—@ in dorsal view; B—Mandible; C—First maxilla; D—Second maxilla; E—Maxilliped; F—First pereiopod 2. ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 299 Fig. 16. Janiroides angusta (Barnard). A—Pereiopod VII; B—Pleopod 1 3; C—Pleopod 2 3; D—Operculum 9. 300 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Tanisera trepidus sp. nov. Figs 17A—G, 18A-—D Description Male: Body elongate, parallel-sided, bearing numerous short setae. Head anteriorly trilobed, rostral process evenly rounded; eyes tiny, dorsal, situated in posterior half of head. Coxal plates visible on all pereional segments. Pleo- telson slightly longer than wide; lateral margins bearing about five serrations, posterior margin with broadly rounded median lobe; single lateral ridge on distal half, just median to lateral margin, ending distally in spine. Antennule about half length of antennae, consisting of large basal segment, second segment about half length and width of basal segment, flagellum of four segments. Antenna consisting of 5-segmented peduncle, second segment bearing well- developed scale; first and second segments equal in length to third segment, latter two-thirds length of fourth segment; flagellum of twelve segments. Mandible bearing 3-segmented palp, distal segment curved, armed with seven serrate spines, middle segment with four slender serrate spines; incisor process of five teeth, setal row of six serrate setae well separated from distally truncate molar process. First maxilla, inner ramus bearing two stout setae plus several very fine setae, outer ramus with at least twelve serrate spines. Second maxilla, outer ramus slender, bearing three elongate simple setae; outer lobe of inner ramus slender, bearing four elongate simple setae, inner ramus stout, carrying numerous simple setae. Maxillipedal palp 5-segmented, two distal segments slender, three proximal segments expanded; endite bearing several fringed setae distally, two coupling hooks medially. Pereiopods similar, basal segment longest, all dactyli tipped with two curved spines. Pleopod | broad, two basal sections together forming almost complete sphere, distal area between median line and outer spine broadly convex, carrying about twenty alternately long and short setae. Pleopod 2 bearing eight elongate simple setae distally. Uropods with base almost hidden by distal margin of pleotelson, outer ramus slightly longer and broader than inner, both carrying numerous setae. Female: Similar in all head and pereional appendages to male. Operculum carrying numerous close-set setae on distal margin, latter somewhat concave medially. Material Holotype AMS 16.1.1971 13 2,0mm Paris Museum Is. 1007 Paratypes AMS 133 2 gd 1,1 mm 1,7 mm 2 99 1,3 mm 1,9 mm Paris Museum Is. 1008 Paratypes AMS 17.1.1971 13 1,8mm 2992 1,3 mm 1,8mm SAM-14996 AMS 39 2 22 1,9 mm 2,0mm ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 301 Fig. 17. Janisera trepidus sp. nov. A—Holotype in dorsal view; B—Antennule; C—Antenna; D—First maxilla; E—Second maxilla; F—Mandible; G—Pereiopod I. 302 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Fig. 18. Janisera trepidus sp. nov. A—Maxilliped; B—Pleopod 1 ¢; C—Pleopod 2 $; D—Operculum 9°. ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 303 2,0 h h f i ph WA ————— ae Fig. 19. Janira capensis Barnard. i A—d in dorsai view; B—First maxilla; C—Second maxilla; D—Mandible; E—Maxilliped. 304 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Fig. 20. Janira capensis Barnard. A—Antenna; B—Pleopod 1 ¢; C—Pleopod 2 $; D—Pleopod 3 ¢. Janira capensis Barnard Figs 19A-E, 20A—D Janira capensis Barnard, 1914: 220, pl. 20b. non Iathrippa longicauda Chilton, Menzies, 1962: qs Previous records Lideritzbucht, Saldanha Bay, Table Bay, False Bay. ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 305 Material AMS a7 St Paul 6c DSS. 2129 24a 16 Ta 3ggd 299 B7 SOC LS. agus 7b 1233 3o0vig.92 499 18 13¢¢ 2ovig.¢? 11 29 20 43d 3199 22a 566 Ilovig.? 2 °° 22c 73S Tovig.22 10 99 4 juv. 23 533 lovig.? 8 22 8 juv. B0anales 1Eo 30b 26 19 32 igs 91 7133 2ovig.22 3 29 Remarks Nordenstam (1933), in his description of J. /ongicauda, figures the pleo- telsonic margins entire, the carpus of pereiopod I without a distal curved spine, and mentions the distinct rostrum for the species. Menzies (1962, fig. 51f-g) also shows a well-developed rostrum, which is lacking in the present material. Thus J. longicauda is easily distinguishable from Barnard’s valid species. Taniropsis palpalis Barnard Fig. 21 Laniropsis palpalis Barnard, 1914: 222, pl. 21A. Wolff, 1962: 251. Previous records Liideritzbucht, Table Bay, False Bay, Port Elizabeth, East London. Material AMS St Paul A6 12 B7 264 292 1 ovig. 2 B9 1? B19 9551, 0122 bl 6gg 399 3 ovig. 29 D3 WSS) le? b3 20 $3 1192 7 ovig. $9 D5/a 13 392 1 ovig. 2 D1 233 499 D5/c 34h 299 4 ovig. 22 D7 19 D6 2063 429 5 ovig. 2° D9 103g 1099 11 ovig. 99 D8 1d D12 113g 8992 7 ovig. 99 Dil ies Jil Nes 2 2° 3 40 Sg 2299 15 ovig. 9° Pi 43d Ta 10S LOST AN ovige 9? P4 1¢ Tb 83S 692 Tovig. 9° P19 il Be 292 1 ovig. 2 14 2 ovig. 22 P28 192 16 Ding ee 1 ovig. 2 P34 12 18 L4G Sa 3192 3 ovig. 2° P45 1 ovig. 2 19 DG mile? 1 ovig. 2 P83 1g 20 20 $$ 999 13 ovig. 92 27.3.1970/b 1g 3 29 22a aie DOO Sonne, C2 28.3.1970/b 2386 299 22b 63d 292 3 ovig. 22 12.12.1970 ZG3) 179 1 ovig. 2 22c Deve Wo Loy, & 17.1.1971 392 1 ovig. 2 23 566 299) “3 :0vig go 16.1.1971 438g 18 23a 1d 19 2 ovig. 22 4 19 24b 2 ovig. 22 306 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Material 9 1d 30a 83s 52 11 13 19 30b 265d 129 14 22 66 3492 = 64 ovig. 29 35 2133 152 28 52 63 5292 25 ovig. 22 67 13 39 1763 692 4 ovig. 29 Tla 635 32 4la 30 dg 2299 11 ovig. 92 90 533 41b 1d 392 2 ovig. 22 1970 12 48 28 63 2999 4 ovig. 99° 91 2S) AES 60 83d 492 2 ovig. 92 1.1971 Dex | 3) 2 64a 29 Sg 999 12 ovig. 99 29.1.1971 36345 112 64b 2366 392 2 ovig. 22 73 SoS) i LL Br ovig ee 74 8gg 499 83 233 1 ovig. 2 94 66 gS 30 92 «31 ovig. 22 96 42 gs 2092 11 ovig. 29 101 53d 592 5 ovig. 29 103 18 gg 999 4 ovig. 29 111 1 ovig. 2 119 1653 692 6 ovig. 22 132 253 329 133 43s 12 1 ovig. 2 142b 2155 1092 2 ovig. 22 147 235g 292 148 4gd 499 166 58 dg 4092 34 ovig. 92 173 71533 3499 44 ovig. 99 Family Jaeropsidae Jaeropsis beuroisi Kensley Jaeropsis beuroisi Kensley, 1975: 374, figs 7-8. Previous records St Paul and Amsterdam Islands. Material AMS St Paul D12 236 189 1 ovig. 2 B7 ise 39 19 1 ovig. 2 B19 eS 192 4la 13 19 D6 Gey © 41b 1¢ 3 1d 2° 44 1° Tb 13 gg 139 64a 13 1 ovig. 2 18 ewer ioe 74 433 20 13 1S. 94 236 22c WAreyey 75 119 11 gg 822 2 ovig. 22 Tla “avawey IL 142b 255 399 2 ovig. 22 90 18 gg 2092 147 1d 1e? 29.12.1970 173 655 692 4 ovig. 99 19.1.1971 il © Jaeropsis paulensis Vanhoéffen +0 +0 40 +0 3 ovig. 22 8 ovig. 22 11 ovig. 9° 3 ovig. 22 3 ovig. 22 1 ovig. 1 ovig. 2 4 ovig. 22 11 ovig. 2° 1 ovig. 2 10 ovig. 22 4 ovig. 22 1 ovig. 2 9 ovig. 2° 1 ovig. 2 1 juv. Jaeropsis paulensis Vanhoffen, 1914: 531, fig. 59a. Barnard, 1965: 201, fig. 2b. Kensley, 1975: 371, figs 5-6. ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 307 Fig. 21. Janiropsis palpalis Barnard. 6 in dorsal view. Previous records St Paul Island, Gough Island. Material AMS a4 9 3d 8 ovig. 29 a8 DOO a9 13 b3 335 692 3 ovig. 22 14 Weyey, PIR A onites, © 27.3.1970/b 13 St Paul 8a 8b 8c 93 14 3g ey Felie) 933 733 4 ovig. 29 308 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Family Munnidae Munnogonium subtilis sp. nov. Fig. 22A-I Description Female: Body pear-shaped, widest at second and third pereional segments. Head with anterior margin between antennules straight; eyestalks elongate. Pereional segments I-IV broad, antero-lateral corners of segment I rounded, of segment II quadrate, segments III and IV notched; segments V to VII narrower than preceding segments, with coxal plates visible. Pleotelson as long as broad, distally broadly rounded, lateral margins as far as insertion of uropoda dentate (about 12 teeth). Antennule with 2-segmented peduncle, basal segment shorter, more curved and wider than second segment; flagellum 4-segmented. Antennae missing. Mandible with narrow toothed incisor process, narrow lacinia mobilis, followed by four elongate setae; molar process elongate, distally slightly expanded, truncate; palp missing. Maxilliped with two distal segments of palp much narrower than three proximal segments; endite bearing about 6 setae (three simple, three plumose), plus two coupling hooks. Pereiopod I dactylus bearing elongate terminal curved spine plus smaller spine; propodus with two sensory spines on ventral margin, carpus somewhat shorter and broader than propodus, also with two sensory spines on ventral margin; basis elongate, equal in length to merus and ischium. Operculum distally narrowed to rounded apex bearing four stout setae. Uropoda short, biramous, inner ramus half length and width of outer. Material Holotype AMS D9 1 ovig. 2 total length 1,8 mm Paris Museum Is. 1009 Remarks Bowman & Schultz (1974) recently revised the genus Munnogonium George & Stromberg. They separated the members of the genus from the closely related species of Austrosignum Nordenstam by the lack of a mandibular palp in species of Munnogonium. The resemblance is most marked in general body shape and proportion between the new species and A. Jatifrons Menzies (1962), but that species has a palp on the mandible. A. globifrons Menzies was placed in Munno- gonium by Bowman and Schultz, but does not resemble the new species as closely in general body shape as does A. Jatifrons. The new species also resembles Paramunna kerguelensis Vanhéffen, but it is not known if a mandibular palp is present or absent in this species. Genus Coulmannia Hodgson Hodgson, 1910: 52. Vanhdéffen, 1914: 580. Nordenstam, 1933: 225. Menzies, 1962: 173. Wolff, 1962: 62. ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 309 Fig. 22. Munnogonium subtilis sp. nov. A—Holotype in dorsal view; B—Antennule; C—First maxilla; DD—Second maxilla; E— Mandible; F—Maxilliped; G—Pereiopod I; H—Uropoda; I—Operculum. 310 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Coulmannia unicornis sp. nov. Figs 23A-F, 24A—H Description Male: Head steeply rounded anteriorly. Pereion widest at IIIrd segment. Pereional segment I laterally bulbous, rounded, bearing strong medio-dorsal ‘horn’, segments II-IV each with single digitiform lateral extension; segments V-VII posteriorly directed, laterally rounded. Pleotelson anteriorly narrow, cylindrical, posteriorly bulbous, with five serrations on each side, apically bluntly rounded. Eyestalks reaching to proximal half of second antennular segment, with four ocelli. Antennule with two subequal peduncular segments, flagellum of four segments. Antenna with 5-segmented peduncle, two distal segments elongate, subequal; flagellum of six segments. Mandible lacking palp, with incisor process bearing five teeth; setal row of three setae; molar process large, cylindrical, distally truncate, with blunt irregular teeth on grinding surface. Maxillipedal palp 5-segmented, three basal segments broad, two distal segments more slender, all segments bearing setae; endite with strong conical tooth at medio-distal corner, seven or eight setae, single coupling hook present. Pereiopod I subchelate, carpus with emarginate fringed palm, demarked by strong conical tooth; dactylus with long unguis; propodus bearing two stout setae with sensory tips. Pereiopods II-VII similar, longer and more slender than pereiopod I; dactyli with long unguis; propodi and carpi elongate, meri short, ischium and bases subequal elongate. Pleopod 1 proximally fused, distally separate, distal lobes triangular, with outer basal corners bearing several short setae. Uropod biramous, inserted without peduncle beneath ridge on bulbous pleotelson; endopod half length of exopod, both tipped with elongate setae. Female: Pereional segments II-IV broader than in male; pereional segment I not armed with ‘horn’ as in male. Pereiopod I shorter than following legs, but not subchelate. Operculum longer than broad, distally tapering to bluntly rounded tip, fringed at widest part with short setae. Material Holotype AMS 17.1.1971. 16 2,0mm_ Paris Museum Is. 1010 Allotype AMS 17.1.1971. 1 ovig.2 1,4mm_ Paris Museum Is. 1011 € Remarks The absence of a mandibular palp is the most important character of this genus, along with the strong apically truncate molar process of the mandible. Hodgson created the genus for two species, viz. C. australis from Coulman Island in Victoria Land, South Georgia, and Graham Land, and C. frigida, described from a single specimen also from the Antarctic. The differences ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 311 Fig. 23. Coulmannia unicornis sp. nov. A—Holotype in dorsal view; B—Head and anterior segments in lateral view; C— Mandible; D—Second maxilla; E—Maxilliped; F—Antennule and eyestalk. 312 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Fig. 24. Coulmannia unicornis sp. nov. A—Antenna; B—Pereiopod I; C—Pereiopod VII; D—Uropoda; E—Operculum 9; F—Pleopod 1 3; G—Pleopod 2 §; H—Pleopod 3 d. ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 313 between these two species and C. wunicornis are readily apparent. The most obvious is in the structure of the lateral pereional extensions — bifid in C. australis, single in C. unicornis and C. frigida. C. australis carries a single median dorsal spine on each of the pereional segments while in the present species, only the first pereional segment bears a strong dorsal ‘horn’ (hence the specific name). Regarding the appendages, there is general agreement between those of C. australis, well illustrated by Nordenstam (1933) and the present species. Subtle differences are apparent, particularly in the maxilliped, and first pereiopod of the male. Echinomunna urovyentralis sp. nov. Figs 25A-E, 26A—D Description Female: Body longer than wide, spinose. Head bearing three spines anteriorly, median spine at higher level than lateral spines. Eyes lateral. Pereional segments each bearing strong lateral spine, with two coxal spines visible in dorsal view. Pereional segment I with two submedian dorsal spines, segments II-IV with seven dorsal spines, segments V—VII with three dorsal spines. Pleon fused, longer than wide, with two strong backwardly-directed lateral spines at widest point, medio-distally with two long diverging spines. Antennule with 2-segmented peduncle, segments subequal in length, basal segment wider than distal segment; flagellum 4-segmented, two proximal and distal segment subequal, short, third segment nine times longer than wide, very slender. Antennae in all specimens with flagella missing; peduncle of four short segments, second and third segments each with two strong spines. Right mandible, incisor process of five strong teeth, followed by five strong fringed setae, molar process strong, distally truncate; palp 3-segmented, basal segment two-thirds length of middle segment, distal segment curved, half length of middle segment, bearing two or three fringed setae, plus numerous fine setules. Left mandible with incisor process of five strong teeth, narrow lacinia mobilis carrying five teeth, four stout fringed setae in setal row. Maxillipedal endite broad, with nine or ten short setae on medio-distal margin, three coupling hooks on median margin, palp 6-segmented, with first to third segments wider than fourth to sixth segments, but not as marked as in Echinomunna s.s., first segment one-third length of second segment, third segment somewhat shorter than second, segments four and five subequal in length, terminal segment tiny. Pereiopod I considerably shorter than following pereiopods; dactylus curved, with well-marked unguis; propodus with convex palm bearing delicate fringed membrane plus several stout setae with sensory tips; carpus distally broader than proximally, shorter than propodus, subequal to merus in length; ischium and basis elongate, subequal. 314 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Fig. 25. Echinomunna uroventralis sp. nov. A—Holotype in dorsal view; B—Maxilliped; C—Antennule; D—Uropod; E—Operculum 9 ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 315 Pereiopods IJ-VII slender, elongate, dactyli bearing two terminal claws; propodi and carpi slender, elongate; meri, ischia, and bases much shorter, coxae carrying two or three spinose processes, visible dorsally beneath lateral pereional spine. Operculum longer than wide, distally tapering to broadly-rounded apex. Uropods ventral to posterior pleonal spines, uniramous, tipped with several setae, three-and-a-half times longer than wide. Material Holotype AMS 28 1 ovig.2 Total length 1,8 mm _ Paris Museum Is. 1012 Paratypes AMS 28 2 ovig. 22 Total length 1,7 mm _ Paris Museum Is. 1013 Remarks The slender ambulatory pereiopods, lateral eyes, the pleon longer than broad, segments one to three of the maxillipedal palp broader than segments four to six, the uropod lacking a peduncle, the strong mandibular molar process, apically truncate, all place this species in the family Munnidae. Nevertheless, some differences are apparent when considering the various diagnoses for the family (e.g. Menzies 1962: 172; Wolff 1962: 59-60). The first three segments of the maxillipedal palp are not as wide as the endite, and a second pleonal segment is not visible. A generic position for this species cannot be arrived at with any confidence. From Menzies’s key (1962), using the following characters, one arrives at the choice of either Echinomunna or Acanthomunna: coxal plates visible in dorsal view, mandibular palp 3-segmented, coxal plates visible on pereional segments two to seven, body strongly spinose. The uropods of the present species are neither lateral as in Echinomunna nor dorsal as in Acanthomunna. The relatively massive, pedunculate, biramous uropods of Acanthomunna would seem to rule out this genus. Using Wolff’s key (1962), the following characters place the species in the genus Echinomunna: molar process subcylindrical and strong, coxal plates two to seven visible in dorsal view, body strongly spinose. The present material agrees with Vanhd6ffen’s description of Echinomunna horrida in the spinose body, the position of the eyes, the construction of the antennule with one long flagellar segment plus several short segments, in the structure of the maxilliped and the first pereiopod. The main differences between E. horrida and E. uroyentralis lie in the number of dorsal pereional spines, and especially in the pleonal structure with the ventrally inserted uropods. The Antarctic species possesses five proximal spines, while the uropods are inserted laterally, and the pleon is distally rounded-truncate. In E. uroventralis there are two strong lateral spines, plus two submedian distal spines with the uropods inserted beneath them. The present species is thus placed in the genus Echinomunna with some reservations, and with the necessity to enlarge the definition of the genus to include uropods which are inserted either laterally or ventrally. 316 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Fig. 26. Echinomunna uroventralis sp. nov. A—Pereiopod I; B—Pereiopod VII; C—Right mandible; D—Left mandible. ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 317 Munna (Uromunna) nana Nordenstam Munna nana Nordenstam, 1933: 222, figs. 56-57. Munna nana forma ‘‘a”’ Menzies, 1962: 42 fig 5. Previous records Chile, Falkland Islands. Material AMS a4 2 99 St Paul B19 19 1 ovig. 2 Ci 1 ovig. 2 D36 13 1 ovig. 2 28 292 $4 ovig. 22 6c 236 4la 13 2 ovig. 2° Ta 349d 292 2 ovig. 22 48 1 ovig. 2 8c 1 ovig. 2 64a 13 19 1¢ 2 ovig. 2° 94 19 22a 19 96 2 ovig 29 22c 23535 322 3 ovig. 22 103 19 23a 1 ovig. 2 142b 3 3d 1 ovig. 2 30a 1 ovig. 2 173 19 30b 19 1 ovig. 2 77a 13 19 7T7b 1 ovig. 2 90 53d 1092 2 ovig. 2° Remarks Slight differences between the present material and Menzies’s forma ‘a’ as well as the forma typica are apparent. The last segment of the antennal peduncle is not twice the length of the penultimate segment, while the superior dactylar spine of the pereiopods is smooth. Suborder ONISCOIDEA Family Oniscidae Subfamily Scyphacinae Deto echinata Guérin Deto echinata: Budde-Lund, 1885: 234; 1906: 85, pl. 4 (figs 37-38). Panning, 1924: 185, figs 4-8. Barnard, 1932: 221, fig. 12. Vandel, 1945: 261. Green, 1974: 240. Deto armata Budde-Lund, 1906: 85, pl. 4 (figs 26-36). Panning, 1924: 191, fig. 10. Previous records Rocky Point (S.W.A.), Liideritzbucht, Lamberts Bay, Olifants River Mouth, Dyers Island, Dassen Island, Table Bay, False Bay, Hermanus, Knysna, St Paul Island. Material AMS a6 71383 499 15 32 dS 26 ¢9 27.3.1970/a 2 2° 28.3.1970/a 24353 18 99 318 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Remarks Panning (1924) synonymized D. armata with D. acinosa, which he regarded as a species separate from D. echinata. His figure 10, however, is of an immature male from St Paul Island, not yet showing the development of dorsal spines on pereion and pleon. Barnard (1932) regards D. acinosa (and with it D. armata) as synonymous with D. echinata, but qualifies this by stating that the small strongly granulate form of D. echinata might be regarded as the form acinosa. That this group of isopods is extremely variable is without doubt. It is interesting, however, to note the following: of about 100 mature males of D. echinata from South African localities examined, none showed spinose processes on the pleon, and that both mature males and females from South Africa frequently reach a total length of more than 20 mm. Of the 64 adult males from St Paul and Amsterdam Islands examined, none were larger than 17,5 mm; while 42 specimens possessed a pair of spines on the third pleonal segment, 14 showed a pair of spines on both pleonal segments three and four, while 8 specimens lacked pleonal spines completely. Further, these pereional and pleonal spines never showed the markedly incurved condition of the South African forms. No differences in the structure of the male genital apparatus could be seen between St Paul-Amsterdam Island specimens and South African specimens. It would seem that the St Paul-Amsterdam Island population should be regarded as part of the D. echinata group, but that this island popula- tion, isolated as it is, is beginning to show morphological signs of diverging from the mainland African stock. Family Oniscidae Porcellio scaber Latreille Porcellio scaber: Budde-Lund, 1906: 88. Barnard, 1932: 252, fig. 21 (references). Porcellio paulensis Heller, 1865: 136, pl. 12 (fig. 5). Brocchi, 1877: 97. André, 1932: 177, 180. Previous records Cape Province, St Helena Island, Tristan da Cunha, St Paul and Amsterdam Islands. Material AMS Sa 1 ovig. 2 2 juv. 6a 6 99 6b 1 juv. ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL DISCUSSION The total number of species of isopods from the St Paul and Amsterdam Islands, including past collections plus the present collection, is 43. To get the effective list of species on which zoogeographical conclusions may be based, the two undetermined species, viz. Munna sp., and the damaged tanaid, and ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 319 the four inadequately described species of Brocchi (1877) the types of which have been lost, viz. Spheroma (sic) tuberculata, Cymodoce picta, Cymothoa gadorum, and Rocinela major, must be removed. This leaves an effective total of thirty-seven species. These thirty-seven species may be divided into various categories to give some idea of the relationships of the fauna. When the thorough- ness with which the present collection was made is considered, it is unlikely that any major components of the isopod fauna have been overlooked, thus zoogeographical conclusions may be made with a fair degree of confidence. The following lists reflect the various categories into which the fauna has been divided, and the percentage of the total number of species they constitute. Species endemic to St Paul and Amsterdam Islands—10 species—27 % Munnogonium subtilis Coulmannia unicornis Cymodocella sapmeri Dynamenella brunnea Echinomunna uroventralis Ejisothistos crateris Tanisera trepidus Jaeropsis beuroisi Panathura amstelodami Paridotea nitida Species with Antarctic, Subantarctic, and South American Affinities—7 species— 18,9% Antias dimorphus Antias hispidus Antias hofsteni Caecianiropsis ectiformis Cleantis granulosa Jaeropsis paulensis Munna nana Species with widespread distribution—7 species— 18,9 % Aega antillensis Anatanais gracilis Idotea metallica Leptochelia savignyi Limnoria quadripunctata Lironeca raynaudii Porcellio scaber 320 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Species found only in southern Africa and St Paul and Amsterdam Islands— 13 species—35,1°% (with southern African distribution) Aega monilis Table Bay, East London Cirolana rugicauda Port Nolloth, St Helena Bay Deto echinata Rocky Point, S.W.A. to Knysna Dynamenella dioxus Liideritzbucht to False Bay Taniroides angusta False Bay Taniropsis palpalis Liideritzbucht to East London Janira capensis Liideritzbucht to False Bay Leptochelia barnardi Table Bay, False Bay Panathura serricauda Liideritzbucht to False Bay Paridotea reticulata Liideritzbucht to False Bay Parisocladus perforatus Rocky Point, S.W.A. to East London Stenetrium crassimanus False Bay to Natal Stenetrium saldanha Saldanha Bay, False Bay, Still Bay Endemism The degree of certainty with which the endemism of an area can be described is obviously related to the degree to which surrounding areas have been sampled. As four of the endemics in the present list range in depth from 30 to 120 metres —a depth range not often well sampled, these cannot be regarded as endemics with any certainty. Nevertheless, the figure of 27 per cent agrees well with that for the fish of St Paul and Amsterdam Islands given by Briggs (1974) of 28 per cent. Southern African[St Paul and Amsterdam species Twelve of the thirteen species in this category are typical of the cold west coast of South Africa, several being known only from Liideritzbucht to False Bay. Three species extend to East London or Durban on the east coast; of these, Aega monilis is a fish parasite, while the other two are asellote isopods with a predominantly subtidal distribution, and may be considered as within Stephenson’s (1947) southern warm-—temperate province stretching (in senso stricto) from Cape Agulhas to Algoa Bay. Knox (1960) regards St Paul and Amsterdam as a separate cold-temperate province of the austral sea, not especially related to southern Africa. Briggs (1974: 151), however, considering seven of the ten non-endemic species of fish of these islands which also occur in southern Africa, regards St Paul and Amsterdam as more probably related to the ‘Cape of Good Hope. . . within the southern Africa Warm-Temperate Region’. Stephenson, with a detailed knowledge of the intertidal of southern Africa, regarded the west coast of South Africa from about Cape Point to Tropical West Africa as a cold-temperate province. As twelve of the thirteen isopod species common to South Africa and St Paul-Amsterdam may be regarded as typical cold-temperate west coast ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 321 inhabitants, Briggs’s view of a warm-temperate fauna is misleading, as is Knox’s view of an unrelated cold-temperate fauna. A more accurate view, supported by the isopods and the fish, is that the St Paul and Amsterdam Islands have a cold-temperate fauna, with a marked affinity to the cold-temperate west coast fauna of South Africa, but that a small warm-temperate component related to the warm-temperate south coast fauna of South Africa is also present. An example of this latter component is Stenetrium crassimanus, known from False Bay to Natal. Comparison of the sea-surface temperatures of the two areas gives further weight to this view. St Paul and Amsterdam have an average summer temperature of 17,5°C, and average winter temperature of 12,5°C (Wyrtki 1971; Briggs 1974), while on the west coast of South Africa the annual inshore temperature ranges from 10°-16°C (Division of Sea Fisheries Report 33). The presence of a large number of South African species amongst the isopod fauna of St Paul and Amsterdam as well as other organisms common to both areas, such as the portunid crab Ovalipes trimaculatus (Arnaud, Beurois & Noel 1972) and various algae including Splachnidium rugosum and the kelp Macrocystis pyrifera (Briggs 1974), may easily be explained by invoking the effect of the West Wind Drift, as noted by Briggs (1974: 150). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My sincere thanks are due to the following scientists and institutions for the help and hospitality shown me: Dr H.-E. Gruner of the Natural History Museum of the Humboldt University, East Berlin; Dr R. J. Lincoln of the British Museum (Natural History); and Dr G. Pretzmann of the Natural History Museum, Vienna. I am grateful to Mr D. C. Lee of the South Australian Museum for the loan of Idoteid material. My grateful thanks are due to Dr P. Arnaud, and Dr J. Beurois, and their colleagues of the Station Marine D’Endoume et Centre D’Oceanographie, Marseille, for making this collection available to me, and for providing informa- tion in the form of data, as well as reprints of early works. I am very grateful to Dr T. E. Bowman of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., and Dr G. A. Schultz of the Jersey City State College, for their critical reading of the manuscript, and for their many useful comments. I wish to thank the Trustees of the South African Museum, and the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, for a travel grant allowing me to visit several European museums. REFERENCES ANbRE, M. 1932. Crustacés recueillis par M. E. Aubert de la Rue aux Iles Kerguelen, Saint- Paul et de la Nouvelle-Amsterdam.— Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. nat., Paris (2) 4: 174-181. ARNAUD, P. M., Beurois, J. & Nog, P. 1972. 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N.—‘Discovery’ Rep. 29: 143-189. STEBBING, T. R. R. 1910. General catalogue of South African Crustacea.— Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 6: 281-593. STEPHENSEN, K. 1927. Crustacea from the Campbell and Auckland Islands. — Vidensk. Medadr. dansk naturh. Foren. 83: 289-390. STEPHENSON, T. A. 1947. The constitution of the intertidal fauna and flora of South Africa. III. — Ann. Natal Mus. 11: 207-324. VANDEL, A. 1945. La répartition géographique des Oniscoidea (Crustacea Isopodes terrestres). — Bull. biol. Fr. Belg. 79: 221-272. VANHOFFEN, E. 1914. Die Isopoden der Deutschen stidpolar-Expedition 1901-1903.— Dt. Siidpol.-Exped. 15: 447-598. Wo rr, T. 1962. The systematics and biology of the bathyal and abyssal Isopoda Asellota. — Galathea Rep. 6: 1-320. WyRTKI, K., ed. 1971. Oceanographic atlas of the International Indian Ocean Expedition. Washington: National Science Foundation. 6. SYSTEMATIC papers must conform with the International code of zoological nomenclature (particularly Articles 22 and 51). Names of new taxa, combinations, synonyms, etc., when used for the first time, must be followed by the appropriate Latin (not English) abbreviation, e.g. gen. nov., sp. nov., comb. nov., Syn. nov., etc. An author’s name when cited must follow the name of the taxon without intervening punctuation and not be abbreviated; if the year is added, a comma must separate author’s name and year. The author’s name (and date, if cited) must be placed in parentheses if a species or subspecies is transferred from its original genus. The name of a subsequent user of a scientific name must be separated from the scientific name by a colon. Synonymy arrangement should be according to chronology of names, i.e. all published scientific names by which the species previously has been designated are listed in chronological order, with all references to that name following in chronological order, e.g.: Family Nuculanidae Nuculana (Lembulus) bicuspidata (Gould, 1845) Figs 14-15A Nucula (Leda) bicuspidata sould net: BSG Leda plicifera A. Adams, 1856: Laeda bicuspidata Hanley, 1859: iB, pl. 228 (fig. 73). Sowerby, 1871: pl. 2 (figs 8a—b). Nucula largillierti Philippi, 1861: 87. Leda bicuspidata: Nicklés, 1950: 163, fig. 301; 1955: 110. Barnard, 1964: 234, figs 8-9. Note punctuation in the above example: comma separates author’s name and year semicolon separates more than one reference by the same author full stop separates references by different authors figures of plates are enclosed in parentheses to distinguish them from text-figures dash, not comma separates consecutive numbers Synonymy arrangement according to chronology of bibliographic references, whereby the year is placed in front of each entry, and the synonym repeated in full for each entry, is not acceptable. In describing new species, one specimen must be designated as the holotype; other speci- mens mentioned in the original description are to be designated paratypes; additional material not regarded as paratypes should be listed separately. The complete data (registration number, depository, description of specimen, locality, collector, date) of the holotype and paratypes must be recorded, e.g.: Holotype SAM-—A13535 in the South African Museum, Cape Town. Adult female from mid-tide region, King’s Beach, Port Elizabeth (33.51S, 25.39E), collected by A. Smith, 15 January 1973. Note standard form of writing South African Museum registration numbers, date and geographical positions. 7. SPECIAL HOUSE RULES Capital initial letters (a) The Figures, Maps and Tables of the paper when referred to in the text e.g. ‘... the Figure depicting C. namacolus...’; ‘.. .in C. namacolus(Fig. 10)...’ (b) The prefixes of prefixed surnames in all languages, when used in the text, if not preceded by initials or full names e.g. Du Toit but A.L.du Toit; Von Huene but F. von Huene (c) Scientific names, but not their vernacular derivatives e.g. Therocephalia, but therocephalian Punctuation should be loose, omitting all not strictly necessary Reference to the author should be expressed in the third person Roman numerals should be converted to arabic, except when forming part of the title of a book or article, such as “Revision of the Crustacea. Part VIII. The Amphipoda.’ Specific name must not stand alone, but be preceded by the generic name or its abbreviation to initial capital letter, provided the same generic name is used consecutively. Name of new genus or species is not to be included in the title: it should be included in the abstract, counter to Recommendation 23 of the Code, to meet the requirements of Bio- logical Abstracts. VL BRIAN KENSLEY ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM THE ST PAUL AND AMSTERDAM ISLANDS, SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN