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(0) Ventral view, and (c) dorsal view of same. of some other Diptera, but in the Bombyliidae they are not segmentally attached externally to the terminal abdominal segments but are usually partially or completely enclosed by the visible last tergite and sternite. They may be considered as partially internal in position and, if homologous to claspers, as similar structures which have migrated inwards. These parts may be symmetrically and partially separated, and not entirely separate as in case of claspers, by a central groove-like impression or suture on the convex side, or they may be undivided, constituting a single structure. The apparently separate parts of the former type are, however, not independently movable. Towards the apical part each half, or the apical part of the undivided type, 1s usually narrowed into a sort of neck region, the inner or outer margins of which may be produced apically into an inner apical prominence or process (I.Ap.A.), or an outer process. The inner one A Revision of the Bombyliudae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 13 - may be covered with a row of hairs or bristly hairs. The integument of the basal parts may be smooth or minutely punctured and setiferous, or it may be provided with bristly hairs or even longish hairs on the convex side or towards apical part in neck region. Basally each basal part may also be produced into a lobe or process. Avpically each basal part, in the majority of forms, is usually provided with a separately movable joint, which is referred to as the beaked apical joint (Ap.Jt.), and which may represent the styles of some other Diptera. This joint in some genera, such as Geron, Amictogeron, and Pseudoamictus, may be represented by an apical, more or less immovable, process or lobe. The beaked apical joints assume a variety of shapes and they may be short, broad, oval or elongate, and cylindrical or leaf-shaped, triangular or bird-head shaped. They may be flattened or hollowed out above, or they may be convex above. Apically they may end in a sharp, pointed beak, either directed downwards or outwards, or even upwards. Sometimes no beak is present, and sometimes a subapical process or accessory beak may be present. The beaked apical joint may be more ridged or convex along its inner side above and there provided with a row of spine-like bristly hairs or a tuft of short or even longish bristly hairs. __ Lodged inside the cavity of the basal parts is the true aedeagal apparatus or complex (shown in profile, from below or above in many of the illustrations). This apparatus is attached or joined on to the basal parts on each side not only by means of membranes but also by a chitinous band or connecting chitinous strand, referred to as the ramus (R.). By this ramus the aedeagal complex is kept in position between the basal parts. The ramus from each side either coalesces with its partner at the middle to form a bell-shaped or rim-like part from which arises the apically directed aedeagus (Ae.). The aedeagus itself is also variable in shape, and it may be long, slender, curved or straight, short, tubular or spout-hke; it may be hook-shaped, and in some forms it may even be scarcely evident. Ventrally to it (i.e. away from concavity of basal parts) and towards the base of it, the combined rami, or base of aedeagus and the rami, may be produced apically into a ventral aedeagal process (V.Ae. Pr. or Ae.Pr.), or even into two such processes, one on each side. This ventral aedeagal process, where present, may assume various shapes of specific importance, and may even be sometimes very intricate, complex, and elaborate. ‘Towards and in the concave part of basal parts the aedeagus may be prolonged towards the base on each side into a prong, strap, or process (P.Str.), which may be 14 Annals of the South African Museum. visibly projecting basally behind and beyond the other structures of the aedeagal complex. The middle part (M.Pt.) of the aedeagal: complex usually fits ito the aedeagal part, and is a conspicuous part in most Bombyliids. Towards its thicker base on each side there is a shoe-horn or tongue-shaped, flattened sclerite, ceferred to as the lateral strut (L.Str.), which is also variable in its shape and size, but is almost always slightly hollowed out on the side away from the concavity of the basal parts. These lateral struts are usually some- what twisted. Medially and joined on to the middle part, towards the concavity of basal parts and just between the lateral struts, is a peculiar, basally directed, chitinous sclerite, referred to as the basal strut (Ba.Str.). This structure arising from a narrow, more deeply coloured, chitinous base is usually extremely laterally compressed, flattened from side to side, appearing linear from above or below, but in profile it is broad, fan-like, racket-shaped, bat or chopper-shaped (cf. side. views in the illustrations). Only rarely has this basally directed strut any lateral or dorsal extensions or processes. In addition to these essentials, the aedeagal apparatus may also have accessory and symmetrical structures on each side, such as prongs, curved spines or hook-like structures (cf. the hypopygial structures of the Geroninae and Systropinae). A reference to the numerous figures, drawn irom two or three different views and in the majority of cases of either the left or the right half of the basal parts, will acquaint the reader with the essential fundamentals more than detailed descriptions. Throughout this paper, unless otherwise stated, the convex side of the basal parts is considered as dorsal, for in a large number of forms this side is directed towards the dorsal aspect of the abdomen. In many forms, however, the hypopygium seems to be reversed in position, the concave side, which lodges the aedeagal apparatus, being directed to the true dorsum of the insect, and in other forms it is even directed laterally. Enclosing the aedeagal complex, on the opposite side to that of the basal parts, is the last apparent sternite (or tergite if structures are reversed) to which is attached apically on each side a small triangular, or subtriangular, terminal plate (T.S. and T.T.). These plates, which probably correspond to terminal elements of a segmental nature, are pretty uniform, but in some forms they may also be of specific value in the separation of species (see Systropinae). The last sternite (L.S.) is attached to the base of basal part on each side and also by means of membranes. In the majority of Bombyliids it is also very uniform in structure and shape, only the apical margin being either truncate, slightly or much A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 15 produced or even emarginated, and the apical angles may also vary, sometimes being acute or even prolonged. In some forms, such as the Uswnae (cf. text-fig. 3 of the Palaearctic Usia versicolor), Systropinae, and Toxophorinae (cf. text-figures under these subfamilies), the last sternite, which is sometimes dorsal in position, is of taxonomic im- TExT-FIG. 3.—Hypopygium of ¢ of Usia versicolor F., showing ventral and side views, and above a view of aedeagal armature. portance in that it may be produced or very much prolonged on each side into a spine-like, prong-like, or even hooked process (L.S. and T.P. in illustrations), which may act in conjunction with the hypopygium during copulation. The mechanical function of the various structures concerned in the sexual act is not known, but, judging from their position in the ensemble, there is reason to believe that the beaked apical joints or processes open the vaginal aperture by an oblique, downward, and outwardly directed movement and, when locked or closed in this position, also act as anchors or grappling organs. The aedeagus is an 16 Annals of the South African Museum. intromittent organ, acting as a guide for the penis proper and the seminal duct inside it. The accessory structures or ventral aedeagal processes, when present, may also act as supplementary grappling organs or guides. The basally directed dorsal processes of the aedeagus constitute centres for the attachment of muscles, which probably control the movements of the aedeagus. The lateral and basal struts, to which strong muscles are also attached in the living insects, probably control the movements of both the middle part and the aedeagus. A slight push on the flattened basal strut tends to push the aedeagus hindwards and also obliquely downwards away from the beaked apical joints. In the subfamilies Geroninae and Systropinae, where the hypopygial structures are very complicated, it is very difficult to predict the probable mechanical significance of the various accessory structures. The genitalia of the females have not been studied in this revision and they appear to show more uniformity, but there is no doubt that dissection and treatment of these pacts will also reveal generic and specific differences. Females belonging to the Bombyliudae Tomoph- thalmae usually have a row or brush of stoutish bristles or spine-like bristles or even recurved hooks on each side of the genital plates. In the case of Systropus the last sternite may be prolonged or produced, sometimes even modified into a shining, horny, spine-like process. In all Bombylids the male and female are joined end to end during copulation, and in this position they are able to fly in either direction. BIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL. Life History.—The life histories of comparatively few Bombylids are known even from other parts of the world, and only about seven or eight life histories are partially known from Southern Africa, and to these reference is made in the text. From the comparatively little that is known it is, however, accepted by all authors that the Bomby- luidae are parasitic or predaceous in their larval stages, feeding on the eggs, larvae, and pupae of other insects. According to a compilation of Bezzi (pp. 10-12, ““ The Bombyliidae of the Ethiopian Region,” 1924) from the known facts, the larval stages of Bombylius parasitise solitary bees, those of Systoechus and Anastoechus destroy the eggs in the egg- packets of Oedipodine locusts, those of Geron parasitise the cater- pillars of certain moths, those of Systropus develop in the caterpillars or pupae of Limacodid-moths, those of Toxophora parasitise solitary wasps, those of certain Lomatiwnae have been reared in the egg- A Revision of the Bombyliudae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 17 packets of locusts, those of some Anthracinae destroy the larvae of solitary bees, fossorial wasps, and even beetles, and those of Ezopro- sopinae are parasitic on the larvae of Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepid- optera, Orthoptera, and even Coleoptera. Some species of Bombyliidae are thus of economic importance in that they parasitise species of insects which are injurious to man or his crops. Two species of Systoechus in South Africa have been proved to parasitise the egg- packets of the brown trek locust (Locustana pardalina), and, from an economic point of view, these insects may prove to be important agents in controlling this locust to a limited extent. Species of Thyridanthrax have also been bred from Tsetse Flies (Glossina), and species of Villa from destructive caterpillars. From complete life histories that have been worked out in other parts of the world it appears that the eggs TExtT-FIG. 4.—First instar of a Bombyliid larva (semidiagrammatic from Uvarov and after Portchinsky). are laid or deposited in the ground near or in the nest of the host, and in many cases it appears that the hatched first instar has to make its way into the egg-packet or nest of the host. The larva probably passes through at least two or three instars before it pupates. The first instar or newly hatched larva of some forms (cf. text-fig. 4 of a Bombylius (semidiagrammatic from Uvarov and after Portchinsky)) is, according to Chapman (Ent. Month. Mag. xiv, 1878, p. 196), Portchinsky (Dept. Agric. St Petersb., 1895, vide “ Locusts and Grass- hoppers,” p. 109, Uvarov, 1928), and Nielsen (p. 647, Zool. Jahrb., Bd. xvii, 1903), an active triungulin type, provided with three pairs of bristles instead of legs on the thorax and also a pair of terminal bristles by means of which it can move very rapidly and find its food. According to Portchinsky, this type of larva, of Systoechus autumnalis, sometimes is unable to find its food at the period it hatches, in which case it hibernates in the soil until the next spring, when it resumes its quest. According to Nielsen, the first instar may moult and initiate a sort of second instar closely resembling the first before entering the final stage. The last instar, which is usually found feeding on the eggs 18 Annals of the South African Museum. in the egg-packets or on the larvae of its host, is entirely different (cf. text-fig. 127). Itis an eruciform type of larva, without eyes, antennae, orappendages. Asso little is known about the larval stages of Bomby- liids, it is doubtful whether all Bombylizdae pass through similar stages, and there is reason to believe that in some cases, such as in Systropus, the larva is an internal parasite in the caterpillars or pupae of Lima- codid-moths. The pupae of known Bombylids (cf. text-figs. 129, 315, etc.) are peculiar in being usually armed with cephalic processes or spines, and also with transverse rows of partially embedded spines or chitinous hooks on the abdominal segments. There is no doubt that these spines and hooks facilitate movements in the soil, or may even help to pierce the masonry cell walls or cocoon walls of their hosts. From what is known it appears that the pupae of Bombyliids are capable of active movement and to a much greater extent than in the case of many other Diptera. | Habits and Ecology.—From an ecological point of view the Bomby- liidae of Southern Africa are interesting in that indirectly they are associated with more or less distinct plant communities. Certain areas supporting certain types of plant associations appear to be proportionally richer in the number and variety of species of Bomby- liids than others where the same or similar communities are wanting. The prevalence of certain plant communities is due to various environ- mental factors of which climate is probably the most important. Indirectly the distribution and preponderance of certain species of Bombylids are thus due to climatic factors. The adults of all known Bombylids feed on the pollen, nectar, and secretions of flowers, and the presence of flowering plants thus plays a great role in the lives of these insects. Both from a collector’s point of view and from geo- graphical data as regards localities, there appears to be little doubt that the semi-arid and more barren parts of Southern Africa, such as the Little Karoo, the Gouph Karoo, the Great Karoo, the Nieuwveld Karoo, Namaqualand, and Bushmanland, are proportionally area for area richer in Bombylidae than any of the other regions considered in this revision. Judging from the known number and variety of species, recorded and described in literature from other parts of the Ethiopian Continent, there is also no doubt that the above-mentioned areas are also richer in numbers and species than any other part in Africa. The Karoo and the neighbouring semi-arid regions may thus be said to support a very rich Bombyliid-fauna and may be considered as an environment where the Bombyliidae of Southern Africa have reached their maximum development, both in species, varieties, and numbers. A Revision of the Bombyludae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 19 ~The Karooid type of plant associations, comprised mostly of sclero- phyllous plants and shrubs, mesembryanthemums, xerophytes, suc- culents, and numerous drought-resistant plants, subjected to very dry conditions but profusely flowering at times, is thus a very favour- able environment for the development of these insects. Such factors as a comparatively high diurnal temperature, low rainfall, a profusion of flowers after showers, an abundance of other insect hosts and adequate soil conditions no doubt play important roles in the life of Bombyliuds. As all Bombylhids are heat-loving insects, and are more abundantly found during the noontide heat, their preference for a warm environment and maximum sunshine is obvious. In view of the fact that they are dependent on flowers for their subsistence, they in- directly play a great role in the pollination of our Karoo flowers. During their larval stages they are parasitic on the developmental stages of other insects, and the abundance of such insects is to them a great necessity. Second only to the Karoo in the number of forms is the Bombyliid-fauna of the type of environment which prevails at the Cape and in the south and south-western Cape Province, where an abundance of flowering plants, heaths, composites, and proteaceous plants attains a maximum glory during spring and early summer, and where a peculiar mountainous flora attracts a certain type of insect- fauna. On the other hand, the Bombylid-fauna, both in numbers and species, are relatively fewer in the grassland, steppe, or savanna, where Dicotyledons play a minor role. In fact, comparatively few Bombyliids are found in grass country, and when represented they are usually found along the more wooded and dry river courses, on the rocky prominences or in hilly country where more Dicotyledons flourish and where a greater variety of plants thrive, or even in the broken mimosa or mopane bush of the interiors and plateaux. The Bombyludae of Southern Africa, and especially of its semi-arid and more barren parts, are not only remarkably rich in numbers and species, but there are also numerous genera and species which appear ‘to be peculiar to these regions or which show characters not found in related genera and species in other parts of the world. Peculiar to and endemic in the southern parts of Africa are genera, such as Dischistus s.str., Doliogethes n. gen., Lepidochlanus n. gen., Adelrdea, Sosiomyia, Conophorina, Cheilohadrus n. gen., Corsomyza, Callyn- throphora, Gnumyia, Megapalpus, Crocidium, Adelogenys n. gen., Apatomyza, Amictogeron n. gen., Pseudoamictus, Onchopelma n. gen., -Oniromyia, Nomalonia, Henica, Peringueyemyia, Tomomyza, Pan- tostomus, Pteraulax, Synthesia, etc. By far the greater number of 20 Annals of the South African Musewm. these genera have been recorded only from the Karoo, Little Karoo, the N.W. Karoo, Bushmanland, and Namaqualand.* Some genera, such as Bombylius, Systoechus, Anastoechus, Phthiria, Apolysis, and Geron, on the other hand, are represented by peculiar and character- istic species, or are even richer in the number of species than in other zoo-geographical regions. Characteristic species are also found in the case of Chasmoneura n. gen., Platypygus, Empididercus, Lomatia, and Hxoprosopa, some of the groups of the latter genus being pre- eminently or exclusively South African. The habits of Bombyliids are little known, and as in the case of most other groups in nature much information is needed on this point. They are usually very rapid fliers, their powers of flight increasing as the temperature rises, and from about eleven o’clock in the morning to four o’clock in the afternoon they seem to reach their maximum abund- ance and swiftness. All of them feed on the pollen and nectar of flowers, but also on the exudations of young shoots and leaves. Certain species are almost always found settling on or in flowers, and some of them even appear to be associated with certain flowers. Others, again, are more usually found hovering over and settling on the soil or hot sand between shrubs. Many frequent rocky prominences, settling on the rocks in the hot sun or go there late in the afternoon. Many rapid fliers hover in the air, producing a monotonous and high-pitched hum, darting now here and then there. Quite a number prefer dry river courses, where they settle on the drift sand or exposed rocks. An interesting point about the hovering and settling habit is that an individual, which hovers over or settles on a certain spot, when dis- turbed will fly away but will eventually return to the same spot again after a while. An individual seems to be restricted to a more or less limited area, hovering here, settling there on a flower or on the ground, flying a few paces away and settling again, but after a while repeating the same procedure over the same ground. As in the case of many other insects, Bombyliuds are very sensitive to cold, cold winds, and stormy weather. They become sluggish during cold weather and are not to be found flying about; specimens often being found clinging to bushes in a torpid condition. During strong wind they avoid the windy side of hillocks or hills. Many species appear to come out only at certain times of the day, and certain kinds are seen only in the fore- * A species of the interesting Corsomyza has, however, been described as a fossil from the Baltic Amber of the Lower Oligocene (Tertiary Period). This genus thus appears to be palaeo-endemic in South Africa. Other ancient genera, from the Baltic Amber and still living, are Bombylius, Lomatia, and Anthrax. A Revision of the Bombyliudae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 21 “noon while others are abundant in the afternoon. In South Africa Bombylids appear to be more common and numerous during spring and early summer, but are only abundant during these seasons when flowers are abundant or when there is a luxuriant plant growth after rains. Many forms are, however, also found during the hottest part of the day even in winter, especially in the Karoo and northern parts of the country. Bombyluds on the whole, however, are heat-loving insects, and the dense hairy coat so characteristic of the majority of forms is probably not purely ornamental but probably subserves special physical and physiological functions in the dry environment where they preponderate. The dense pubescence is a protection against solar radiation, heat and light. The pale, gleaming, lurid, or fulvous reflecting hairs and bristly hairs reflect light and prevent the absorption of heat, a physiological necessity in a dry environment. SYSTEMATIC AND DESCRIPTIVE. Bezzi in his paper, “The Bombyliidae of the Ethiopian Region,’’ divided this family into two great divisions, the Bombyliidae Homoe- ophthalmae and the Bombylidae Tomophthalmae. These divisions he based on either the absence or the presence of an emargination or sinuosity along the hind margins of the eyes, and also on the non- bilobate or bilobate condition of the occiput, and to a certain extent also on the nature of the wing-venation. According to Bezzi, however, certain genera, such as Nomalonia, Henica, Peringueyrmyra, Tomomyza, and Pantostomus, are also included in the first great division, where the eyes are not emarginate behind and the occiput is not bilobate. These genera, however, though not having emarginate eyes, have a distinct bilobate occiput and also wing-characters agreeing more with the second division. There is no doubt, however, that the first three of these, and especially Peringueyimyia, are transitional forms. For purposes of convenience it is, however, better to adhere to one character common throughout the first division rather than an ensemble of characters which is not strictly distinctive for either the one or the other. In this revision the first part thus deals with all the genera not having a distinct and characteristic bilobate occiput, and to the second part are referred all genera, including those alluded to above, which have a distinct or pronounced bilobate occiput. To the second part is also appended a comprehensive index, a biblio- graphical list, an appendix, and a note on the number of genera, species, and varieties described and recorded from Southern Africa. VOL. XXXIV. 3 22 Annals of the South African Museum. PARP LT (With 332 Text-figs.) Division I. Occipital region behind eyes not distinctly bilobate, usually flattened or concavely hollowed out, or merely with a slight central groove-like depression or shallow furrow down the occiput from behind ocellar tubercle, and never with a very deep slit-like channel or sulcation leading into a deep concavity in head behind, constituting a marked bilobate condition; eyes with the hind margins entire, rarely obviously sinuate and only deeply emarginate in one genus (Hurycarenus), always without a bisecting line or such division if present, due only to larger size of upper facets and then confined to 3; wings with the common base of second and third longitudinal veins before fork usually very much shorter, with the second longitudinal vein usually origin- ating at an acute angle from the third one, and the vein separating submarginal cells usually not provided with a distinct and even long basally directed or projecting stump or appendix near its base where it bends down to meet the third longitudinal vein. Key to subfamilies, groups, and genera of Division I. 1. (76) Thorax without a distinctly visible, broad, and well-marked-off prothorax or pronotal part, forming a conspicuous ring or collar, and if such is indicated it is small, narrow, and hidden by the large mesonotal part which abuts on the occiput and is also not provided with stoutish macro- chaetal bristles; scutellum not markedly flattened; legs with the femora, especially the hind ones, not tending to be markedly incrassate and narrowed apically and basally and without markedly long and dense spines, and elongate, flattened, and fluted scales on the tibiae, especially hind ones; antennae without very dense and conspicuous, bushy scaling on all the joints . : » | epee 2. (75) Body not simulating or minasokene thas of Aone: Hynenogiaa such as Sphex, Sceliphron, etc., or even Vespids like Belonogaster; meta- sternal region not strongly, broadly, and abnormally developed; abdomen not remarkably long and also without a slender stalk or petiole ending in a club as in Sphegids and Vespids; legs, especially the hind ones, not abnormally long and the front femora without an elliptical callus- like area; terminal lappets or plates to last sternite (even if dorsal in position), which encloses the aedeagal complex of hypopygium of gd, without a black, hardened, sculptured callus : . & 3. (70) Wings with 2 or 3, not less than 2, submarginal cells aan antennae triarticulate, but the third joint may end in terminal elements or in a style, rarely quadriarticulate, and if an obvious fourth joint is present the wings have at least 2 submarginal cells; head with the occipital A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 23 region usually flattened, slightly hollowed or only slightly convex, not markedly and roundly convexly developed, with the eyes not tending to be shifted forwards; body usually moderate or large, rarely very small, with the pubescence usually dense, moderately dense or at least visibly present in majority of cases, rarely very sparse and short; tibiae usually with distinct rows of spicules and apical spurs and the basal joint of hind tarsi never with a basal process or hook below in gg; last sternite in ¢¢ with the upper apical angle on each side rounded or only subangularly produced but not produced into a sharp, spine-like, or hook-like process; hypopygium of gg without any dorsal or ventral process and rarely with a flattened lateral process on each side of the basally directed, flattened basal strut from the middle part of aedeagal complex . i . 42 4. (69) Head with the vertex and fort tneeliy Sguially itoad in ‘Bothy sexes, and if nearly so the frons is not roundly very convex (from side), with the ocellar tubercle, when well developed, not markedly broad and centrally grooved towards base and always with 3 well-developed ocelli present, with the lower apical part of first antennal joints not conspicuously dilated or tumidly and globularly enlarged, without any distinct, dense, and conspicuous scaling on the labral part of proboscis; wings usually well developed, normal, and broad, not remarkably narrow and feeble in relation to body and with the base not remarkably narrow . 3) ROR 5. (56) Wings with 4 posterior cells always present and always with a discoidal cell; antennae with joint 3 rod-like, club-shaped, pointed, and if modified either broad, flattened, incrassate or clavate apically or even excavate apically but not ending apically in an upper and a lower spine-like process or a distinct subapical upper spine or hook-like process; genae with the hairs or bristly hairs not concentrated in a forwardly and upwardly directed tuft or brush; abdomen in 992 never with segment 8 produced on each side below into a lobe-like or lappet- like process; thorax only rarely very convex and humped in appearance 6 (Bombyliinae) (p. 40). 6. (39) Wings with the anal cell open, not angularly acute and closed apically, and not provided with a distinct short or long stalk; antennae with joint 3 not clavate or thickened apically or excavated apically, and rarely ending apically in a long and distinct terminal joint or terminal elements, and if with longish terminal elements the anal cell of wings is open; hind femora rarely without spines below, and if no spines are present the anal cell is open : : 5 : : ae ys 7. (38) Antennae with joint 3 not ending in a very long and alsindex terminal element or joint; scutellum not bilobate or bispinose apically; wings with the marginal cell not markedly and abnormally broad and dilated apically, and with the second longitudinal vein not arcuately curving hindwards towards hind border . : : chgeSe 8. (19) Wings with the first posterior cell acute and aigstal saicallye either provided with a distinct stalk of variable length, or it may be very angularly acute apically and with a very short stalk, or it may even be acute and sessile on the hind border of wings, but it is never distinctly and broadly open, and in cases* provided with a moderately long stalk the vein between Annals of the South African Museum. first and second posterior cells is not markedly S-curved and the alula of wings is always well developed and broadly lobate; first antennal joints not distinctly or widely separated and rarely very incrassate; femora rarely without spines below, and if without spines first posterior cell is not open . ; : ava : ; ae) 9. (18) Frons, face, and genae not smooth and brilliantly shining, the face not 10. (17 1] ) very markedly conically produced and separated from frons in front of antennae by a distinct, deep, transverse furrow; metapleurae usually hairy and always with a distinct tuft of hairs or bristly hairs just before base of halteres and above posterior thoracic spiracles; wings with a more or less well developed or distinct basal comb and with the alula always broad, lobe-like, and well developed; legs with spines, or some spines, on the femora below, especially the hind ones . ‘ . 102 Hind margin of eyes without a distinct deep sinuosity or emargination; antennal joint 3 with only shortish terminal elements or a style apically; wings with the vein between the first and second posterior cells joining on to or received by the vein separating these cells from second sub- marginal cell; frons in 99 at least without a row of conspicuous and very stout macrochaetal bristles on each side; hypopygium of ¢¢ with the dorsal apical part of basal parts not produced apically and upwards or obliquely upwards into a transverse, flattened, lobe-like part or process, and also without a very conspicuous tuft of stiff, bristly hairs or bristles on outer lower margin in neck region of basal parts ‘ : oo WE . (14) Wings with the first basal cell distinctly much longer than second basal . (13 . (12 avi ) ) cell; hypopygium of ¢¢ (text-figs. 2 and 6—77) . : ; Ee Wings with 3 submarginal cells present Bombylius (Triplasius Lw.) (p. 114). Wings with only 2 submarginal cells present . Bombylius L. (p. 41). Wings with the first basal cell as long as second basal cell .. - bE (16) Head across eyes markedly broad, at least as broad, or slightly broader than broadest part of thorax, with the frons broad in 92 and without a distinct central furrow in G¢ and without a transverse depression or groove apically in 99; wings with the discoidal cell very broad and distinctly more truncate apically, its apical cross vein long and usually longer than the discal cross vein, with the squamae more distinctly bilobed, the smaller lobe nearest thorax comparatively large and broad; claws more often almost straight and only slightly curved, rarely sickle- shaped, and the pulvilli always short, not extending beyond middle of claws even in gg; pubescence on face and body below always strikingly or conspicuously frosty, cretaceous, or chalky white; hypopygium of dG (text-figs. 78-91) with the beaked apical joints usually very broad in basal two-thirds, leaf-shaped and the dorsum distinctly depressed or even foveately hollowed out, with the aedeagus never falcate and the ramus on each side from basal part never produced apically into a rod-like or stylet-like process on each side of aedeagus, there being either no process or a different type of process Anastoechus Ost. Sack. (p. 290). 16. (15) Head across eyes not markedly broad and almost always narrower than broadest part of thorax, with the frons comparatively narrower, having A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 25 a distinct indication or a distinct central furrow in $¢ and always with a transverse depression anteriorly in 29; wings with the discoidal cell more acute apically, its apical cross vein being distinctly shorter and usually shorter than discal cross vein, with the squamae less distinctly bilobed, the smaller lobe being only indicated, scarcely distinct; claws almost always sickle-shaped, either rapidly or more gradually curved downwards to apex, rarely almost straight, and the pulvilli long in both sexes, extending to much beyond middle of claws, and if to about middle the other characters at least do not conform; pubescence on face and body below only rarely frosty or chalky white and then not uniformly and very conspicuously so; hypopygium of ¢¢ (text-figs. 92-142) with the beaked apical joints more elongate and narrow, more gradually narrowed to apex and not distinctly hollowed out above, with the aedeagus either falcate, its ventral part being produced into a thin keel-like plate, or, if not falcate, the ramus on each side from basal part is produced into an apically projecting rod-like or stylet-like process on each side of aedeagus . : : . Systoechus Lw. (p. 292). 17. (10) Hind margin of eyes with a deep sinuosity or comparatively deep emargination; antennal joint 3 with a longer and more conspicuous terminal joint or joints; wings with the vein separating first and second posterior cells passing straight to hind border, being joined by or receiving the vein between first posterior and second submarginal cells like a cross vein; frons in 99° with a row of 2, or more, very stout and conspicuous macrochaetal bristles on each side; hypopygium of g¢ (text-figs. 143-148) with the dorsal apical part of basal parts produced apically and upwards or obliquely upwards into a transverse, flattened lobe or process, the upper edge of whichis usually black, slightly recurved, and armed with ctenate spines, longer, more distinct, and more comb-like on the outer edge or laterally, with a distinct tuft of long, stiff bristles on lower outer margin in neck region of basal parts Eurycarenus Lw. (p. 507). 18. (9) Frons, face, and genae very smooth, bare, and brilliantly shining black, the face markedly and conically prominent in front and separated from frons in front of antennae by a deep, transverse furrow; metapleurae bare, but with a tuft of hairs in front of halteres; wings without, or with only a very feebly developed, basal comb and with the alula very feebly developed, very narrow, and not broadly lobe-like; legs without any spines on the femora below; hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 150). Sisyrophanus Karsch (p. 523). 19. (8) Wings with the first posterior cell open or broadly open on hind border and thus without a stalk and also never sessile on border, and if in very rare cases the cell is stalked the alula is vestigial and the vein between first and second posterior cells is more distinctly S-curved, the femora are without spines below and the first antennal joints are separated basally and incrassate : . 20. 20. (37) Antennae with joints ] and 2 not saeintiealy beaches ibd sloieate: and if joint 1 is elongate it is not markedly and conspicuously thickened or incrassate, and joint 2 especially is not strikingly incrassate, barrel- shaped, and elongate; vertex in 99 not very tumid, the ocellar tubercle 26 Annals of the South African Museum. not markedly elevated; face usually more prominent; palps not obviously, visibly, and distinctly 3-jointed; wings with either 2 or 3 submarginal cells present . ; . : ; : sees . (34) Wings with only 2 submarginal cells presente ; 22. 2. (33) Head with the occipital part on each side behind eyes wet hooad and somewhat inflated, with the face not relatively broad and tumidly or conically prominent, narrower, and if conical not tumidly prominent medially, with the third antennal joints rod-like, slender, pointed but not markedly elliptical or shortly spindle-shaped and without a dense covering of spinule-like pubescence, wings, if infuscated, not mottled or marbled . : . 2oe 23. (30) Body more plump, ae slonate, the abdlemen wot ranked elongate and cylindrical; wings rarely with the basal comb absent or with the alula vestigial and much reduced, and if so the vein separating sub- marginal cells is distinctly more S-shaped and the femora are without spines below; antennal joint 3 stouter, more rod-like, comparatively more bluntly pointed, and if slender and more sharply pointed the first joints are thickened and separated, and femora without spines below; palps with the apical joints not characteristically thickened or clavate and not directed upwards; metapleurae rarely entirely bare, and if so hind femora are without spines; last sternite of abdomen in ¢¢ rarely elongate and scoop-like, and if so the femora are not spined; hypopygium of gg without a subapical lobe or spine-like process on beaked apical joints, and the aedeagus not markedly long or very slender . . 24, 24. (25) Antennae with the first joints separated, very much thickened and incrassate, barrel-shaped, with joint 3 elongate and slender, spindle or subspindle shaped, the apical part very slender; face somewhat produced and spout-like, bare; wings with the base narrowed, the alula much reduced, the axillary lobe also reduced and narrowish, the discal cross vein very much beyond middle of discoidal cell, and the first posterior cell sometimes closed and stalked apically; pubescence very dense, fine and shaggy, puff-like, that on head above, antennal joint 1, sides ot face and genae very long, dense and conspicuous, without any pubes- cence on metapleurae, the tuft being also absent; last sternite in ¢¢ elongate and scoop-like; legs with dense and longish hairs on femora below, without any spines on femora below, with the claws curved down apically and the pulvilli long, reaching apices of claws; hypopygium of 3d (text-figs. 151-154) with the beaked apical joints usually directed outwards and having a peculiar twisted structure, with the aedeagus usually broad, tubular, and spout-like Dischistus Lw. s. str. (p. 527). 25, (24) Antennae with the first joints contiguous, scarcely thickened, usually slender, with joint 3 not spindle-shaped, but rod-like, subrod-like, or only thickened near base; face broadly rounded, not prominent or much produced, sometimes also bare; wings with the base not markedly narrowed, the alula always well developed and lobate, the axillary lobe always broad and lobate, the discal cross vein very much before middle, at or near middle or only a little beyond middle of discoidal cell and the first posterior cell always open; pubescence much shorter, less dense, not very shaggy or puff-like, sometimes comparatively sparse and short, A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 27 especially in 99, that on head above and on face shorter and less dense, and if dense it is much shorter, with some scaling or hairs on metapleurae and always with a metapleural tuft of hairs or scales; last sternite in §¢ shortish and broad, truncated or slightly rounded but not elongate and scoop-like; legs with much shorter, or without much, hair on femora below and always with some spines on hind femora beiow, with the claws either curved down rapidly or more gradually and the pulvilli short or long; hypopygium of jg with the beaked apical joints not twisted, and with the aedeagus less stout and tubular : 26. 26. (29) Pubescence on body above with the bristly baits and ‘pristleg et dis- tinctly frayed or fimbriate apically, without very dense, flattened, lanceolate scaling on pleurae and body below, the scaling, when present, being denser only on body above; head with the frons in 99 always with a distinct transverse depression anteriorly, with the first antennal joints never distinctly thickened and without distinct visible short hairs on the third antennal joints, with the first terminal element of antennal joint 3 usually longer, conical, and more conspicuous; wings with the basal comb slightly or even distinctly more developed, the discoidal cell longer, narrower, and not broad or short and triangular and without a tendency for anal cell to be distinctly much narrowed or subacute apically; pulvilli, when reduced, at least more conspicuous at base of claws; hypopygium of j¢ always with a distinct membrane or ventral eadeagal process, or with a ventral apically directed process on each side below aedeagus . ; 2s 27. (28) Eyes in $¢ very narrowly anacated, SiConibi sab is or beaadiy separated above, broadly or very broadly separated in 99, usually 3-5 times as broad as ocellar tubercle; frons in 2° with the transverse depression at about the middle or just a little beyond the middle, the frons and face in 9° and face in §¢ never brilliantly shining black; antennae with joint 1 usually longer and with 3 usually shorter, and when long never much more than about 14 times as long as 1 and 2 combined, gradually narrowed apically from broader base or subrod-like and slightly curved; wings with the discal cross vein very much before middle, rarely near or at middle, of discoidal cell, the discoidal cell distinctly broader and more truncate apically, the basal comb usually slightly more developed; pubescence on the whole shorter in ¢d, less sparse in 99, always with some pubescence on face in both sexes, without any opalescent, gleaming, silvery whitish scaling or even dense golden scaling on thorax and abdomen, and without any silvery tufts or black tufts on sides of antennae; body usually with much red or reddish on face, pleurae, and on abdomen in both sexes; legs always with a few spines on middle femora below, and with the pulvilli long or short; last sternite in fg with the posterior lateral angles rounded and not angularly pointed; hypopygium of gg (text-figs. 155-165) with only a ventral membranous expansion below aedeagus or with a distinct lateral apically produced process, not ending in a distinct spine, on each side below aedeagus Doliogethes n. gen. (p. 545). 28. (27) Eyes in ¢¢ always in direct or actual contact for a short distance above, not very broadly separated in 29, usually less than 3 times as broad as 28 Annals of the South African Museum. ocellar tubercle; frons in 99 with the transverse depression farther forwards and just behind antennae and often with a medial depression leading up to tubercle, the frons and face in 99 and face in $¢ very often brilliantly shining black; antennae with joint 1 usually short and only about 2-24 times as long as 2, with 3 more elongate and rod-like, straight, at least 14 times, and usually more than 1} times, as long as 1 and 2 combined; wings with the discal cross vein in the neighbourhood of the middle of discoidal cell, the discoidal cell more narrowed apically, the basal comb smaller; pubescence on the whole sparser in both sexes, more so in 99, rarely dense in gg, that on face medially wanting, with denser and more conspicuous scaling on body above, especially in 99, rarely without a silvery tuft on each side of antennae in 99, more often with opalescent, glittering, bluish or greenish, metallic scaling on frons and body above in 929, and with gleaming, silvery white scaling on abdomen above in both sexes, or especially in $f; body, including scutellum, predominantly black, rarely with reddish on pleurae or abdomen; legs only with spines on hind femora below, and with the pulvilli always reaching apices of claws; last sternite in gg with the posterior lateral angles angular or even angularly produced; hypopygium of $¢ (text-figs. 166-172) with a distinct lateral apically produced process on each side of aedeagus below, ending in a curved or recurved, slender hook or prong, or with a complex and broad ventral aedeagal process below aedeagus provided with a long or curved spine or hook on each side . ‘ A _. Chasmoneura n. gen. (p. 586). 29. (26) Pubescence on body nove with the bristly hairs and bristles frayed or fimbriate at their apices, with very dense hair-like scaling, either whitish or cinnabar-red, on body above and dense, flattened, lanceolate scaling on face, antennae, pleurae, and venter in both sexes; head with the frons in 29 convex and without a transverse depression, with the face broadly rounded and not prominent, with the first antennal joints slightly thickened and with distinct, visible, short hairs on antennal joint 3 and with the terminal elements minute and inconspicuous or in form of a hair; wings with the basal comb very feebly developed, the discoidal cell shorter, broad, triangular, or bell-shaped and with a tendency for anal cell to be narrowed or even acute apically; pulvilli much reduced, vestigial, scarcely visible in 99, and only indicated in gg; hypopygium of 3¢ (text-fig. 173) more Bombylius-like, without any ventral aedeagal process below aedeagus : ; . Lepidochlanus n. gen. (p. 6138). 30. (23) Body more elongate and cylindrical, the abdomen markedly elongate; wings with the basal comb absent and the alula much reduced or vestigial, the second longitudinal vein less bent up at its end, and the vein separating the submarginal cells less S-curved; antennal joint 3 more slender, elongate, and pointed; palps with the apical joint short, thickened, and directed upwards; metapleurae entirely bare; last sternite in gg elongate and scoop-like; hypopygium of ¢¢ (text-figs. 174-196) with a subapical lobe or spine-like process on elongated apical joints and with the aedeagus elongate and sometimes very slender . . oly 3] 31. (32) Body less cylindrical, less humped, and the abdomen broader; pubescence much denser and more shaggy, puff-like, that on antennae below and A Revision of the Bombylidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 29 on face very much shorter, that on abdomen much denser and longer and also present above; frons in 99 with a distinct transverse depression ; antennae shorter and joint 1 much shorter and less than 5 times as long as 2; wings with the second longitudinal vein straight and less sinuous at its end, with the alula, though reduced, more developed and with the anal cell more narrowly open; legs shorter and less developed, with denser and longer hairs on femora below in both sexes, and middle tibiae with 1 or 2 pallid spurs apically below; hypopygium of ¢¢ (text- figs. 174-195) without a very long, slender, and curved aedeagus, without a lateral lobe on each side of aedeagus and with the basal strut directed towards base. . Gonarthrus Bezz. (p. 619). 32. (31) Body more elongate, more oplinelnial: the thorax slightly, but distinctly, more humped and the abdomen narrower and more cylindrical; pubes- cence sparser, less dense and fine, not fine and puff-like on thorax, that on antennae below and face very much longer, that on abdomen less dense and shorter and sparse or absent above; frons in 99 with a distinct groove-like depression; antennae much longer and joint 1 conspicuously elongate, quite 5-53 times as long as 2; wings with the second longi- tudinal vein slightly undulating and distinctly, though slightly, more sinuous at end, with the alula very much reduced, vestigial, and with the anal cell more broadly open; legs longer, more powerful, and with much shorter and fewer hairs on femora below and middle tibiae with the apical spurs all unicolorous; hypopygium of jg (text-fig. 196) with a long, slender and curved aedeagus, with a lateral, flattened process or lobe at base of aedeagus on each side and with the basal strut directed towards apex of abdomen . : . Paratoxophora Engel. (p. 669). 33. (22) Head with the occipital part on each side behind eyes broad and some- what inflated or tumidly prominent, with the face relatively, broadly, and tumidly prominent, with the third antennal joints (text-fig. 197) distinctly spindle-shaped and covered with dense spinule-like pubescence; wings extensively mottled or marbled (text-fig. 198); hypopygium of 6 (text-fig. 199) : : ; Cheilohadrus n. gen. (p. 674). 34. (21) Wings with 3 submarginal sails present : - 2 30% 35. (36) Antennal joint 3 from side (cf. text-figs. 200-205) iat maeeeale: broadened towards base, and not distinctly hollowed out below in $4, and not con- spicuously broad and bellows-shaped in 99, and without long, stoutish, bristly hairs or bristles near base above, and long slender hairs near apex below; antennal joint 1 not markedly thickened; frons in 99 without or with a less distinct transverse depression, which when indicated is slightly farther back; hairs and bristly hairs on face and genae shorter and sparser; wings without any pubescent hairs at base above and with a distinct fringe on the alula; hypopygium of $3 (text-figs. 200-206) Adelidea Macq. (p. 680). (Syn. =Sobarus Lw.). 36. (35) Antennal joint 3 from side (text-fig. 207, b and c) markedly broader and dilated near base and hollowed out or slightly excavated below in $3 (b), very strikingly broadened basally and bellows-shaped in 9° (c), and with long, bristly hairs or bristles above near base and also below near apex in both sexes; antennal joint | distinctly incrassate and thickened; 30 Annals of the South African Museum. frons in 92 with a more distinct transverse depression just behind bases of antennae; hairs and bristly hairs on face and genae distinctly longer and denser; wings with distinct pubescent hairs at base above and with an almost absent, very sparse or vestigial, fringe on the alula; hypo- pygium of J (text-fig. 207, a) . : : Sosiomyia Bezz. (p. 702). 37. (20) Antennae with joints 1 and 2 markedly elongate, markedly and con- spicuously thickened and incrassate, joint 2 being especially elongate, incrassate, and barrel-shaped; vertex in 99 more or less tumidly raised, the ocellar tubercle being more prominent and elevated; face poorly developed, not prominent but only bluntly rounded; palps obviously and distinctly 3-jointed; wings with only 2 submarginal cells present; hypopygium of ¢ (text-fig. 208) . : Conophorina Beck. (p. 705). 38. (7) Antennae with joint 3 ending in a remarkably long and slender terminal element or fourth joint (cf. text-fig. 209); scutellum (text-fig. 210), bispinose or bilobate apically; wings with the marginal cell markedly broad or dilated apically, the second longitudinal vein arcuately curving hindwards towards hind border (cf. text-fig. 211); hypopygium of ¢ (text-fig. 212) . : : . Othniomyia n. gen. (p. 707). 39. (6) Wings with the anal cell ansiileeie acute apically and very rarely not closed and provided with a stalk; antennae with joint 3 clavate, thickened or excavated apically or ending in distinct terminal elements or joints; femora without any spines below : : . 40. 40. (49) Head very broad, sometimes markedly pioadl as -amoad as, or broader than, thorax, with the eyes in gg broadly separated, at least as broad as broad ocellar tubercle and sometimes very much broader, with the frons broad, with the facial region usually very broad, inflated, or tumid, and sometimes with a characteristic dense brush of bristly hairs on facial part, constituting a circumoral brush, with the third antennal joints clavate, thickened, or excavated apically, and the terminal elements reduced or absent; last sternite of abdomen in g¢ notched medially; thorax not humped in appearance and body on the whole with much denser and longer pubescence; wings sometimes with 3 submarginal cells; hypopygium of known go (text-figs. 214-217, 219-223, 227, 229- 231, and 233-237) usually with a characteristic, somewhat laterally compressed, claw-shaped or hook-like beaked apical joints 4] (Corsomyza-group) (p. 712). 41. (46) Facial region not so strikingly and markedly tumidly prominent or inflated, the frons in front less tumid, sides of face, the face and genae not so strikingly inflated; antennal joint 1 not distinctly thickened and barrel or subbarrel-shaped and usually longer; proboscis usually longer, and when short always projecting beyond antennae; buccal cavity situated more in front of head; hypopygium of gg (text-figs. 214-217, 219-223, and 227-233) with the beaked apical joints more markedly claw-like and distinctly more laterally compressed : , 2) eae 42, (43) Head in front markedly broad, the facial region very broad, the sides of face and genae more tumid, with the inner margins of eyes distinctly diverging down sides of facial region in both sexes, the head below being much broaded than vertex, even in 99; antennae inserted much higher up, at least half or very nearly half the distance from front ocellus to A Revision of the Bombyliudae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 31 edge of buccal rim; pubescence on body distinctly denser and more conspicuous, especially in ¢¢, with that on facial region in form of a distinct and characteristic, dense, circular, facial brush, even in 99, and when not conspicuous in 99 the hairs on face are at least more numerous; empodium between claws and pulvilli usually slightly longer and more developed; hypopygium of 3 (text-figs. 214-227) Corsomyza Wied. (p. 714). 43. (42) Head in front not markedly broad, the facial region not conspicuously broad, the sides of face and genae not very tumidly prominent, with the inner margins of eyes down sides of facial region subparallel in 99? at least, the head below about as broad as, or scarcely broader than, vertex, and when broader, as in some gg, a conspicuous facial brush is absent; antennae inserted much lower down, either just above buccal rim or much less than half distancefrom buccalrim to front ocellus; pubescence on body very much sparser, and the 99 sometimes almost bare, the erect pubescence being very sparse, without a distinct, circular, and dense, facial brush in both sexes; empodium less distinct and shorter . 44, 44, (45) Eyes in both sexes broadly separated above, the interocular space being very much broader than ocellar tubercle, with the inner margins of eyes parallel or subparallel in both sexes; buccal rim in facial part protruding prominently and spout-like, especially its upper part; antennae inserted higher up nearer middle of distance between buccal rim and front ocellus; proboscis longer, and the palps more slender and relatively longer; thorax with a distinct stoutish, macrochaetal bristle on each side in front of wings; pleurae almost entirely bare and shining, even a small meta- pleural tuft absent; wings comparatively shorter, the alula more reduced and vestigial, the axillary lobe also much narrower and more reduced; Jegs with much sparser hairs, and with only inconspicuous, or without any, bristly hairs apically above last tarsal joint; hypopygium of ¢¢ (text-fig. 229) : é : : : Megapalpus Macq. (p. 759). 45, (44) Eyes in gg above much more narrowly separated, by width of tubercle, or only a little more and very much narrower than in the 29, and with the inner margins not parallel in gg; buccal rim not protruding and spout-like in both sexes; antennae inserted almost immediately above buccal rim; proboscis usually much shorter and palps less elongate and usually thicker; thorax without any stouter or distinct macrochaetal bristles in front of wings; pleurae with more, though sparse, hairs even in 99 and with a small metapleural tuft usually present; wings distinctly longer, the alula slightly more developed, broader and less vestigial and the axillary lobe much broader, often markedly subtriangularly lobe- like; legs with slightly more numerous hairs on femora, even in 99, and last tarsal joint with a few, or at least one, long bristly hairs apically above; hypopygium of ¢¢ (text-figs. 230, 231, and 233) Hyperusia Bezz. (p. 764). 46. (41) Facial region remarkably broad, markedly tumidly prominent or inflated, the frons in front more tumidly prominent, sides of face (or face) and genae very tumid or inflated; antennal joint 1 thickened or even subbarrel-shaped and short or very short; proboscis very short and confined to buccal cavity, or when slightly longer not projecting beyond 32 47. (48 ~— Annals of the South African Museum. antennae; buccal cavity situated more below head, due to inflated facial region; hypopygium of $¢ (text-figs. 234-235, a, and 236 and 237) with the beaked apical joints either more dorso-ventrally compressed and not claw-shaped, or when claw-like distinctly less laterally compressed . 47. Head with the front half of frons and sides above antennae very broad and inflated, the most prominent part of inflated facial part thus above antennae; antennae inserted immediately above buccal cavity, with joint 1 more thickened and subbarrel-shaped, the two joints contiguous basally, with joint 2 covered with a dense coat of fine, spinule-like pubescence, with 3 clavate or distinctly more broadened apically; proboscis slightly longer and more slender, the labella narrow, more pointed and not fleshy; pubescence in $3 at least longer and denser, with a well-developed, dense, circular, facial brush and with a small metapleural tuft present; wings with 2 or 3 submarginal cells present; legs without dense feathery pubescence on tibiae or at least on hind ones and the last tarsal joint without, or with only inconspicuous, hairs apically above; hypopygium of $3 (text-figs. 234 and 235, a) with the beaked apical joints narrower, more claw-like, and more laterally compressed . ‘ : : : Callynthrophora Schin. (p. 775). 48. (47) Head with the face, sides of face, and genal parts very broad and remark- ably inflated, the entire facial part below antennae thus more inflated; antennae inserted very high up, very much nearer front ocellus than edge of buccal cavity, with joint 1 less thickened and even shorter, the two widely separated at base, at least as wide as space between posterior ocelli, without any visible coat of dense, spinule-like pubescence on joint 2, with 3 more rod-like and not markedly dilated or clavate apically; proboscis very short, stout, and practically confined to buccal cavity, spinulated below and with the labella broad and fleshy (Muscid-like); pubescence in gg at least distinctly shorter and sparser, without a distinct and well marked off circular, facial brush, but with the hair dense on lower parts of genae and lower part of face and without a metapleural tuft; wings in known species with 3 submarginal cells present; legs with denser pubescence and with dense feathery pubes- cence on hind tibiae at least and with one or a few longish hairs apically above on last hind tarsal joint; hypopygium of ¢¢ (text-figs. 236 and 237) with the beaked apical joints broader in basal half and broadly dorso-ventrally compressed, pubescent, and ending in a slender beak, not claw-shaped , : : . Gnumyia Bezz. (p. 780). 49. (40) Head normal, not remarkably pial with the eyes in gg contiguous or in contact above, the frons small or narrow, with the facial region narrow, small or conical, not remarkably inflated or tumid and without a circular brush of dense hairs, with the third antennal joints tapering and ending in a terminal element or elements, not excavate or clavate apically, last sternite in J not notched medially; thorax usually humped in appearance and body with much sparser and shorter pubescence; wings with only 2 submarginal cells present; hypopygium of known ¢¢ (text-figs. 238-246) with the beaked Kes joints not much laterally compressed or claw-shaped ; . . 50. 50. (55) Body with the thorax more humped in appearance wie with longer and denser pubescence on head, thorax, pleurae, coxae, and abdomen, and OR ey Sr lel SA ‘ ea A Revision of the Bombyludae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 33 also with scaling on body; head with the frons less convex, more or less transversely depressed anteriorly, especially in 99, with the face less conically prominent and not, or scarcely, demarcated from frontal part, with the first antennal joints 2, or more, times as long as the second joints; wings with the third longitudinal vein not bending towards discoidal cell at level of discal cross vein and with the base of second submarginal cell broader and more truncate; legs longer and more slender, the tibiae with the spicules longer and more strongly developed and the middle tibiae with a distinct, longer, apical spur below and with the front coxae longer : : . 51 (Crocidium Group) (p. 785). 51. (54) Antennae much shorter, with joint 1 much shorter, much less than 6 times as long as 2, not thickened and with joints 1 and 2 combined very much shorter than joint 3 (including terminal elements); Nie not simulating that of a Therevid ; : ~. BOs 52. (53) Head with the occiput more normally concave, ath ‘tg inner margins of eyes in 99 very distinctly diverging anteriorly, the frons becoming wider anteriorly and the distance between eyes across buccal cavity considerably broader than across face or frons in both sexes, with the genae always present and distinct, comparatively broad or very broad, the furrow on each side of buccal rims some distance away from inner margins of eyes, with the frons and face sometimes brilliantly shining and with a yellow transverse band across facial region in 99, with the apical joints of palps slightly longer and clavate apically; wings less elongate, spotted or hyaline, with the axillary lobe broader, triangularly produced and rounded posteriorly, the alula broader and more lobately rounded; halteres with the knobs much shorter and much less than 2 times as long as broad; body on the whole shorter and less elongate, not resembling an Empid and the thorax less markedly humped; hypo- pygium of g¢ (text-figs. 238-245) ‘ . Crocidium Lw. (p. 786). 53. (52) Head more spherical, the occiput less concave, with the inner margins of eyes in 29 tending to be parallel or subparallel even down sides of face and buccal cavity, with the frons, face, and distance across buccal cavity more or less equal, the lower part of head across buccal cavity thus not, or scarcely, broader than across frons, with the genae almost absent or wanting, represented along inner margins of eyes only as a narrow line, almost wanting or even obliterated at about middle and only narrowly visible on each side above and below, the narrow groove on each side of buccal cavity thus practically only separating the inner margins of eyes from the buccal rims, with the frons and face not smoothly shining and without a transverse yellowish band on facial region in 99, with the apical joints of palps usually shorter and distinctly more oval or ovate; wings more elongate, tinged or infuscated, with the axillary lobe narrower, only rounded posteriorly and not triangularly prominent, the alula more reduced, much narrower and only slightly arcuately rounded posteriorly; halteres with the knobs more conspicuous and more elongated, nearly or quite 2 times as long as broad; body more elongate, more resembling that of an Empid or a Culex and with the thorax even more markedly humped; hypopygium of ¢ (text-fig. 246) Adelogenys n. gen. (p. 811). 34 Annals of the South African Museum. 54. (51) Antennae elongate, with joint 1 conspicuously elongated, quite 6 times as long as joint 2, somewhat thickened and with joints 1 and 2 combined only slightly shorter than joint 3 (including terminal elements), body with a marked resemblance to that of a Therevid Apatomyza Wied. (p. 818). (ex, descr. Wiedemann and Becker). (50) Body with the thorax distinctly less convex and less humped in appear- ance and with the pubescence very short and sparse, the head and body almost bare and also without any scaling; head (text-fig. 247) with the frons in 99 at least more convex, not depressed anteriorly, with the face more conically prominent and distinctly more demarcated from frontal part, with the first antennal joints shorter, less than 2 times as long as second joints; wings with the third longitudinal vein bending towards discoidal cell at level of discal cross vein and the second submarginal cell angularly acute basally; legs stouter and much shorter, the spicules on tibiae less strongly developed and the middle tibiae without a long spur apically below and the front coxae very much shorter and plumper Heterotropinae (Heterotropus Lw.) (p. 819). 56. (5) Wings sometimes with only 3 posterior cells present, and if 4 are present the third antennal joints end apically in either an upper and a lower spine-like process or in a subapical process, with or without a discoidal cell; antennae with joint 3 ending apically either in an upper and a lower spine-like process or in a subapical process or an upwardly directed apical spine or process (if not, wing at least has only 3 posterior cells); genae often with the hairs or bristly hairs aggregated in a forwardly and up- wardly directed tuft or brush, and if without such a brush the third antennal joint is modified; abdomen in 99 usually with segment 8 produced on each side below into a lobe-like process; thorax more often more distinctly convex and humped in appearance 2 EO 57. (64) Head with the pubescence on genae on each side not concentnatee in a forwardly and upwardly directed tuft or brush, with the face usually very short, sometimes practically non-existent, with the first antennal joints very short, never more than about 14 times as long as second joints, with the third joints modified, ending apically in either an upper and a lower spine-like process or in a subapical upper process or spine; wings with 4 or with 3 posterior cells and with or without a discoidal cell, with the apical cross vein of discoidal cell (when present) scarcely and not markedly S-curved, without a knob-like thickening near base of upper vein of second basal cell; abdomen in 99 without a distinct lobe-like process or lappet ventrally on each side of segment 8; tarsi without a patch or a clump of a few longer spines basally below on basal joints; hypopygium of 3g (text-figs. 248-256 and 258-263) less compli- cated, with the basal parts usually divided into two symmetrical parts, with a distinct movable apical joint to each basal part and with the aedeagal complex more Bombyliine . 58 (Phthiriinae) (p. 822). 58. (59) Wings with 4 posterior cells, with a discoidal cell always present, with the second submarginal cell very obtuse basally, the upper vein sharply bent at base; antennal joint 3 (text-figs. 248 and 253, a) more spindle- shaped, with a distinct and often prominent. upper apical or subapical Or Or A Revision of the Bombylidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 395 spine-like process, often forming a symmetrical or unsymmetrical bifid process with a distinct lower apical process or prominence, with con- spicuous, short, bristly hairs on the joints above, especially in gd; legs with distinct, though feeble, spicules distinctly visible on tibiae and with the last tarsal joint not very distinctly or markedly thickened or broader than the others; body in 9? sometimes with much yellow even on head, thorax, and pleurae, and with the pubescence on the whole denser and longer; hypopygium of g¢ (text-figs. 248-256) Phthiria Meig. (p. 824). 59. (58) Wings with only 3 posterior cells, with the discoidal cell sometimes entirely absent, with the second submarginal cell distinctly much more acute to very acute basally, the upper vein scarcely, or only slightly, bent at base; antennal joint 3 (text-figs. 257 and 263) more oval or equally broad throughout (from side), with a single subapical or apical upwardly directed spine-like process just in front of which there is also dorsally a depression or hollow lodging the terminal style, with only fine and inconspicuous, or even without any, bristly hairs on the joints above even in gg; legs without any distinctly visible spicules, but apparently only covered with fine pubescence or short hairs and with the last tarsal joint distinctly and visibly thickened and broader than the other joints; body without yellow markings on head and thorax and with the pubescence distinctly less developed, the greater part of body being more often almost bare; hypopygium of g¢ (text-figs. 258-263) . : : “ ; : : ; : ; . 60. 60. (63) Wings without a discoidal cell, with the second submarginal cell more distinctly acute basally; eyes in gg in contact or separated above; pubescence on body more conspicuously developed even if sparse, with distinctly longer and more conspicuous hairs on coxae, femora, and tibiae in both sexes; thorax comparatively broader and more sub- globularly rounded; last abdominal sternite in gg more elongate and scoop-like, narrowed or pointed apically; hypopygium of go (text- figs. 258-262) . : : : : ; : : : om Ole 61. (62) Eyes in $¢ in actual contact for some distance, the upper facets being coarser than the lower ones; pubescence on body more distinctly de- veloped in both sexes, longer, that on legs also more conspicuous and with a distinct row of longer hairs on outer side of tibiae in both sexes; legs on the whole slightly longer; wings also slightly longer; palps usually longer and more developed, the apical joint usually slightly thicker than basal one : : . Apolysis Lw. s. str. (p. 848). 62. (61) Eyes in both sexes comparatively broadly separated, the upper facets in gd not differentiated from lower ones; pubescence on body much sparser and shorter in both sexes, that on legs distinctly shorter and without a distinct row of distinctly longer hairs on tibiae; legs on the whole stouter; wings also slightly shorter; palps very short, the apical joint apparently not thicker than basal one Apolysis Lw. (in part) (p. 848). 63. (60) Wings with a distinct discoidal cell present, with the base of second submarginal cell more obtuse; eyes in fg in contact above; pubescence on body very short, very sparse, the greater part of body practically 36 64. (57) — Annals of the South African Museum. bare, with shorter and fewer hairs on coxae and only fine pubescence on femora and tibiae; thorax slightly more elongate and narrower, more humped in appearance; last sternite in gg not conically produced; hypopygium of known ¢ (text-fig. 263, 6) . Oligodranes Lw. (p. 861). Head with the pubescence on genae on each side produced into a forwardly and upwardly directed tuft or brush, with the face usually distinct and conical, with the first antennal joints usually longer than 14 times as long as the second joints, with the third joints only tapering to a fine and sharp point; wings always with only 3 posterior cells present and with a discoidal cell always present, its apical cross vein very markedly S-curved, always with some knob-like thickening near base of upper vein of second basal cell; abdomen in 99 always witha lobe-like or lappet- like process ventrally on each side of segment 8; tarsi with a patch or clump of a few longer spines basally below on basal joints; hypopygium of 3g (text-figs. 264-298) entirely different, more complicated, having a single, undivided basal part, no distinctly movable apical joints, but only apical lobes or processes to basal part and a differently constituted aedeagal complex and accessory structures 65 (Geroninae n. subfam.) (p. 866). 65. (68) Body with the thorax markedly convex above, humped, the pleural parts compressed and high; head more globular, the genae much narrower and the distance from eye to eye across buccal cavity considerably narrower, not, scarcely, or only a little, broader than across face; eyes in 3 in actual contact for a long distance or at least distinctly contiguous, the line of contact rarely not impressed, with the frontal triangle usually small, with the ocellar tubercle prominently pimple-like or tubercular on vertex and the palps shorter; wings usually narrower and less elongate, rarely with a tendency for base of second submarginal cell to be opposite apex of discoidal cell, the distance from discal cross vein to base of second submarginal cell thus rarely very much, or distinctly, shorter than from discal cross vein to fork of second and third longitudinal veins; tibiae with the spicules extending to near bases and not confined to apical parts 5 : 66. 66. (67) Head with dense silvery white scaling and whitish hairs, or at least with white hairs, on sides of frons, sides of face, on upper parts of genae and along hind margins of eyes, without any black hairs on frons in 9? or black hairs on antennae in both sexes, with the middle parts of genae bare and with the genae sometimes gleaming ivory whitish or yellowish; inner margins of eyes in gg scarcely, or not distinctly, sinuate opposite bases of antennae; first antennal joints closer together, never longer than about 3 times as long as the second joints and never dilated or thickened at bases and without long, dense, and bushy hair; interocular space in 9° broader, usually about 2 times as broad as ocellar tubercle; wings never infuscated, the second submarginal cell much shorter, about as broad apically as long along lower vein or at least never more than 2 times as long as broad apically, with the apical cross vein of discoidal cell slightly S-curved and with the alula distinctly more developed, produced and lobe-like or tongue-like; halteres rarely with the knobs darkened above; pubescence with the erect hairs on body above in 3g a — A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 37 denser and slightly longer, never very dark or blackish on dorsum, those on 2° above also distinctly denser and pale or whitish, never with black intermixed hairs; hypopygium of jg (cf. text-figs. 264-280) with the apical processes to basal part usually finger-like, tubercle-like, or boss- like, with the central guide (C.G.), joined on to ramus (R.), usually more separately visible, with a dorsal guide (D.G.) usualiy present and with the basal end of aedeagus more distinctly spoon- or ladle-shaped Geron Meig. (p. 867). 67. (66) Head without silvery white scaling and white hairs on sides of frons, face, and upper parts of genae, with no silvery scaling behind eyes, the face without any hairs, entirely bare, sides of frons also bare and with only a duplicated row of short, blackish, bristly hairs on each side of middle of frons in 29, with only the extreme upper parts of genae bare, the middle and lower parts with long hairs, the genae never gleaming ivory whitish and with entirely or predominantly blackish hairs on first antennal joints in both sexes; inner margins of eyes in ¢¢ distinctly and more conspicuously sinuate opposite bases of antennae; first antennal joints distinctly wider apart, rarely about 3 times as long as second joints, more often considerably more than 3 times, often markedly thickened or dilated basally, especially in $g, and in jg more often also with very long, conspicuous, bushy, black hair; interocular space on vertex in 29° much narrower, never 2 times as broad as tubercle; wings sometimes tinged cinereous, smoky, or even very darkly, with the second sub- marginal cell always very much longer, distinctly much longer than 2 times, along lower vein, than broad apically and thus with the sides more parallel, the apical cross vein of discoidal cell rarely not markedly S-curved and with the alula distinctly less developed, only slightly lobe- like and not arcuately prominent; halteres rarely with the knobs not darkened or blackened above; pubescence with the erect hairs on body above in g¢ less dense and on the whole shorter, always predominantly dark or with much black hair above, those on 9Q distinctly shorter and less dense and always with short, bristly, very dark or blackish hairs on head, thorax, and scutellum above; hypopygium of j¢ (cf. text-figs. 281-295) with the apical processes of basal part more flattened, triangular, or leaf-shaped, with the central guide (C.G.) usually not separately distinct from base of aedeagus and that of the apically produced prong or spine on each side above aedeagus, with usually more spines or prongs at base of apical lobes of basal part and with the apical part of ramus (R.) always produced into a spine, prong, or process Amictogeron n. gen. (p. 918). 68. (65) Body with the thorax less markedly convex or humped above, the pleural parts less high; head slightly more dorso-ventrally compressed, the genae very broad, and the distance from eye to eye across buccal cavity very much broader, considerably broader than across face or front part of frons; eyes in ¢¢ with the inner margins not in actual contact for a long distance, at narrowest part distinctly separated or only subcontiguous by a space only as broad as front ocellus, with the frontal triangle thus much larger, the line of subcontiguity (if present) not deeply impressed, and the ocellar tubercle not markedly elevated and with the palps slightly VOL. XXXIV. 4 38 Annals of the South African Museum. longer and more slender; wings more elongate, with a tendency for base of second submarginal cell to be more or less opposite apex of discoidal cell, the distance from discal cross vein to base of second submarginal cell thus much shorter than, rarely subequal to or as long as, distance from discal vein to basal fork of second and third longitudinal veins; tibiae with the small spicules practically confined to apical half or the apical part; hypopygium of 3g (text-figs. 296-298) Pseudoamictus Big. (p. 958). (Syn. =Pseudempis Bezz.) 69. (4) Head with the frons equally broad in both sexes, very broad and roundly convex, with markedly broad ocellar tubercle, which is centrally grooved posteriorly, with the ocelli widely separated and reduced, the posterior ones small and reniform and the anterior one wanting or merely repre- sented by a scar or puncture, with the lower apical part of first antennal joints markedly tumid or tubercularly prominent, with distinct, dense, and conspicuous scaling present on the upper or labral part of proboscis, especially towards base; wings remarkably narrow, markedly narrow at base and, relative to body, feebly developed; hypopygium of ¢ (text- fig. 308) . ; ; Cythereinae (Oniromyia Bezz.) (p. 986). 70. (3) Wings (cf. text-figs. 300, 302, b, and 305, b) with the cells much reduced, with only 1 submarginal cell present, the position of the second sub- marginal cell being occupied by the first posterior cell, sometimes even without a marginal cell or a discoidal cell; antennae normally and conspicuously quadriarticulate, a distinct fourth joint being present; head with the occipital region more markedly and sometimes prominently and convexly developed, the eyes being, or tending to be, shifted far forwards; body usually very small, with the pubescence almost entirely absent, the greater part of body being almost bare; tibiae with practi- cally only fine pubescence and no distinct spicules, and with the apical spurs inconspicuous or very much reduced, and the basal part of hind tarsi sometimes with a basal hook-like process below in some g@; last ° abdominal sternite in gg with the upper apical angle on each side produced into a distinct spine-like or hook-like process (cf. text-figs. 301 and 304, a); hypopygium of g¢ (cf. text-figs. 301 and 304, b and 306 and 307) with a dorsal or ventral process or a flattened lateral process on each side of the laterally compressed basal strut 71 (Cyrtosiinae) (p. 966). 71. (74) Wings (cf. text-figs. 300 and 302, b) with a distinct and normal marginal cell present and without a discoidal cell; head below not sulcate longi- tudinally; fourth antennal joints broad (cf. text-figs. 299 and 302, a), more joint-like and not slender and style-like; body larger, more than 2 mm. long, and with a wing-length of much more than 2 mm., with the pubescence, even if sparse, distinctly longer and more conspicuous and with the integument, especially the black parts, more brilliantly shining; hypopygium of gd (cf. text-figs. 301, b and 304, 6) without a medial dorsal process or a lateral process on each side of basal strut «lies 72. (73) Body more slender, elongate, the thorax more roundly humped, with the pubescence shorter and less developed; head elongate, with the occipital region markedly convex and elongate, not flattened, the eyes shifted forwards, with the head below produced posteriorly into a blunt, spine- = A Revision of the Bombyludae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 39 like process (cf. text-fig. 299) and the eyes touching or very nearly touching below; frons foveately depressed in both sexes and the space ‘ on vertex equally broad in both sexes, the inner margins of eyes dis- tinctly converging apically; antennae shorter and joint 3 comparatively | broader (cf. text-fig. 299); proboscis more slender, with a very short and pointed labella, with the palps not discernible; wings (cf. text- fig. 300) with the microtrichiae on hind border markedly conspicuous and with the fine hairs on surface distinct, with the first basal cell not q shorter and very much narrower than second one, with the anal cell open and the axillary lobe narrow; legs more slender, less conspicuously pubescent, with the front and middle tibiae at least longer than the femora and with the hind tarsi in fg normal; hypopygium of ¢¢ (text- fig. 301, 6) . : . Platypygus Lw. and Ceratolaemus n. subgen. of Platypygus Lw. (pp. 968 and 969). 73. (72) Body more plump, not slender and elongate, the thorax less roundly humped, with the pubescence, especially in gg, distinctly longer and denser; head normal, subglobular, the occipital region flattened, short, and normal, the eyes situated normally, with the head below short, normal and not produced basally, and the eyes very broadly separated below; frons not foveately depressed, very small in 3g, broad in 99, the eyes in actual contact above in 3g, the inner margins of eyes in 9° at least subparallel above; antennae (cf. text-fig. 302, a) more elongate and joint 3 also more slender and elongate; proboscis plumper and stouter, with longer and more developed labella, with the palps, though small, discernible; wings (cf. text-fig. 302, b) with the microtrichiae along hind border short and inconspicuous and without conspicuous, fine hairs on surface, with the first basal cell much shorter and narrower than second basal one, with the anal cell acute apically and provided with a stalk and with the axillary lobe lobe-like and well developed; legs stouter, relatively shorter, more conspicuously pubescent, with the front and middle tibiae scarcely longer than femora and hind ones even shorter, with the base of basal joint of hind tarsus (cf. text-fig. 303) produced into a hook-like, curved process in gg; hypopygium of g$¢ (text-fig. 304, b) é 5 . Onchopelma n. gen. (p. 973). 74. (71) Wings (cf. text-fig. 305, 6) without a marginal cell and with or without a discoidal cell; head below longitudinally sulcate; antennal joint 4 distinctly more slender and style-like (cf. text-fig. 305, a); body smaller, less than 2 mm. long, and with a wing-length of only about 2 mm. or even less, with the pubescence very short and less conspicuous and with the integument duller and less shining; hypopygium of j¢ (text-figs. 306 and 307) with a median apically directed process and a flattened lateral process on basal strut . . Empidideicus Beck. and Anomaloptilus n. subgen. of Hmpidideicus (pp. 979 and 983).* 75. (2) Body simulating or mimicking that of Aculeate-Hymenoptera, such as Sphex, Sceliphron, etc., or even Vespids, such as Belonogaster; meta- sternal region strongly and broadly developed; abdomen markedly long and with a slender stalk or petiole, ending in a club as in Aculeate- * Doliopteryx n. gen. (See Appendix in part II) to come after Hmpidideicus. 40 Annals of the South African Museum. Hymenopiera and Vespidae; legs, especially hind ones, abnormally elongate and Sphegid or Vespid-like, and the front femora with an elliptical, callus-like, and microscopically sculptured area; terminal lappets or plates to last sternite (dorsal in position), which surrounds the aedeagal complex of hypopygium of g¢ (cf. text-figs. 310, 311, 313, 314, 317, 319, 321-323, and 325-326), with a black, indurated, or hardened, micro- scopically sculptured callus-area Systropinae (Systropus Wied.) (pp. 990 and 991). 76. (1) Thorax with a distinctly visible, broad, and well marked off prothorax or pronotal part, forming a conspicuous ring or collar in front of the meso- notal part, the anterior part of which and the pronotal part as well being provided with stoutish macrochaetal bristles; scutellum markedly flattened; legs with the femora, especially hind ones, tending to be markedly incrassate and narrowed apically and basally and with markedly long and dense spines and dense, elongated, flattened, and fluted scaling on the tibiae, especially the hind ones; antennae with very dense, con- spicuous, and bushy scaling on all the joints; hypopygium of ¢¢ (text- figs. 327-332) . . Toxophorinae (Toxophora Meig.) (pp. 1028 and 1029). Subfam. Bombylinae. As is evident from the key, this subfamily includes no less than 24 genera and thus constitutes the largest subfamily in this division. In contrast with the more or less constant and uniform characters distinguishing the genera belonging to other well-defined subfamilies, the genera grouped in this subfamily show no such uniformity. As will be seen, several genera encompassed by the Bombyliinae are, however, nevertheless referable to more or less distinct groups, which may even be considered as separate tribes. Apart from the genera Bombylius, Anastoechus, and Systoechus, which constitute the basic elements of the subfamily, such groups as the Corsomyza-group (Corsomyza, Megapalpus, Hyperusia, Callynthrophora, and Gnumyia), the Crocidium-group (Crocidium, Adelogenys, and Apatomyza), the Gonarthrus-group (Gonarthrus and Paratoxophora) and even the Doliogethes-group (Doliogethes, Chasmoneura, and Lepidochlanus) are separately sufficiently distinct in certain essentials to justify their elevation to at least a tribal status. Other genera, such as Eury- carenus, Sisyrophanus, Adelidea, Sosiomyia, Cheilohadrus, Othniomyia, and Dischistus s.str., however, cannot be relegated to distinct groups unless these are mono-generic groupings. For the sake of con- venience all these groups are provisionally referred to the Bombyliinae in this revision. There is no doubt that this subfamily thus contains many heterogeneous elements, but it is equally clear that a proper definition of the subfamily is only possible when the true systematic positions of all the genera in the world, now included in it, have been sy ape a A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 41 elucidated. To a certain extent this is also true of other subfamilies, and, as is evident from the key, there is no doubt that Crocidiwm and A patomyza and Gonarthrus can no longer be retained in the Phthirwnae, where certain important antennal and wing-characters are more or less constant. Neither can the Corsomyza-group be referred to the Palaearctic Usinae, as was done by Bezzi, for in the former genus and its allies there are very striking differences. The characters of a large subfamily, such as the Bombylinae, are not easy to define, but the characters, referred to in the preceding key, will emphasise the essential differences between the various groups which constitute this subfamily and those of other subfamilies in this first division. Gen. Bombylius Linn. (Systema Naturae, ed. x, 606, 228, 1758; Loew, p. 181, Dipt. Faun. Siidafr., 1, 1860; Becker, pp. 441 and 492, Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp. St. Petersb., vol. xvii, 1912; Bezzi, p. 6, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. xvii, 1921; Bezzi, p. 30, The Bombyliidae of the Ethiopian Region, 1924; Paramonow, Mem. Acad. d. Sc. de l’ Ukraine, tom. i, bea. 5, 1926; Hngel, p. 196, Die Fhegen. d. Pal. Reg. Lief., 80 (Bombylidae), 1934.) (Syn.=Choristus Walk., p. 197, Ins. Saund. Dipt. m, 1852; syn. =Parisus Walk., p. 196, loc. cit.) . There is no doubt that the genus is still at present not a well-defined one, as is evident from the descriptions of the numerous Palaearctic and Ethiopian species by Bezzi, Paramonow, and Engel. When, however, a very large number of species is examined, it is almost impossible to separate off series or groups which together can form a well marked off subgenus or genus. Species, grading into neighbouring series or groups in certain characters, are common and constitute the main difficulty in dividing up this genus. Neither do the male genitalia throw much light on the problem, for species with markedly distinct genitalia are often found which in other respects obviously belong to the same series. The genus at present may be looked upon as an ageregate of often widely separated elements, which can be made to grade into each other through intermediate species or connecting links, and which display certain common characters of otherwise disparate groups. Notwithstanding much disparity, there are certain generic characters which, when taken together and not individually, may be said to define the genus. These characters, which have been agreed upon by such authors as Wiedemann, Macquart, Loew, Becker, 42 Annals of the South African Museum. Bezzi, Paramonow, and Engel, have also been used in this paper for the diagnosis of this genus. The chief characters of Bombylius may be summarised as follows:— Body usually bee-like in shape and appearance, with the thorax rarely humped in appearance, and when showing a humped appearance this is due to dense and shaggy pubescence, with the abdomen never distinctly elongate, usually shortish and plump; pubescence usually comparatively dense and sometimes remarkably dense, long, and shagey, usually very dense on abdomen, thorax, and on facial region, that in 9? not less dense or conspicuous than in gd, but the mystax on head in front and on genal parts in dg sometimes denser and more conspicuous, with distinct more bristly elements, bristles or even stoutish macrochaetal bristles usually present on certain sites, such as on genae, on thorax in front of wings, on post-alar calli, across hind margin of scutellum, on mesopleuron, and in rows across hind margins of the abdominal tergites, with such bristles, however, present or absent from either the one or other site in the various species, with the pleurae on the whole very hairy and a distinct metapleural tuft always present, with depressed, finer scale-like pubescence present in many species especially in the 99, with true scales usually not very well developed, but are always present on the legs and even sometimes on body below or even above, either sparsely or in spots or tufts, with the pubescence very variable in colour and often gleaming sericeous, silvery or deep golden in different positions and with the scaling, when densely present on certain sites especially in 99, sometimes gleaming silvery, reddish golden to golden. Hedd with the eyes in gd above either in actual contact for some distance or contiguous or separated. either narrowly by front part of ocellar tubercle, by the tubercle or even by a space wider than the tubercle, always separated in 99 by a space much or very much broader than the tubercle, with the upper facets of eyes in Sg coarser than lower ones and very much so in forms with the eyes in contact above; ocelli always present and situated in form of a triangle on a slight boss-like or tubercle-like elevation; frons in 99 either with a distinct and deepish transverse depression or with a slight depression which is either more longitudinal or even shallowly transverse and towards apical part of frons or it is convex and without a depression; face moderately developed, rarely conically prominent and rarely conspicuously produced; genae with the upper part (sides of face) usually broad and well developed and the lower part also broadish, but with the middle part often very narrow and even almost linear or wanting where the groove between genae and A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 43 buccal cavity is deepest; antennae with joint 2 always shorter, even if only slightly, than joint 1 or joint 3, and with joints 1 and 2 always with more or less conspicuous pubescence, sometimes remarkably long in some species, with joint 1 rarely very much thickened, with joint 3 variable in shape, usually bare, and if with indications of pubescence this is inconspicuous, with the terminal elements of joint 3 sometimes visible as separate joints bearing a style, usually small and appearing continuous with a stylar element which is always discernible to a variable degree; proboscis always distinctly projecting beyond buccal cavity or head, but otherwise variable in length and stoutness, usually without, but sometimes with, distinctly visible spinules below on labium, with the labella always more or less elongate and well developed, sometimes markedly elongate and usually narrowish; palps distinctly and obviously 2-jointed in the majority of species, the joints separately visible, with either long or short hairs and never without at least some hairs on apical joint. Thorax rarely as broad as head at its broadest part, almost always much broader; wings constantly with 4 posterior cells present, of which the first is always closed and acute or subacute apically and there provided with a stalk, variable in length, with the anal cell always open on the hind border, with the discal cross vein either before, at, or beyond middle of dis- coidal cell, never so near base as to make the first basal cell exactly equal in length to second basal cell as is the case in Systoechus, with only 2 submarginal cells (excepting only the subgenus Triplasius Lw., where 3 submarginal cells are present), with the basal comb usually well developed but sometimes poorly developed and rarely entirely vestigial or absent, with the alula usually also well developed and lobe- like, never reduced and very narrow, with the axillary lobe also well developed, with the wings themselves either hyaline, greyish hyaline, tinged yellowish or brownish in part or entirely infuscated or spotted and mottled to a variable extent. Abdomen with the genital segment in 92 more or less always with some stoutish bristles or more often spines on each side, connected with the ovipository functions of the genital laminae. Legs always with spines on femora even if only on middle and hind ones below, with the spines or spicules on tibiae usually well developed on all the tibiae, with at least 3 rows on front ones and 4 rows on middle and hind ones, with the apical spurs on tibiae always more or less conspicuous; claws sickle-shaped and short, strong or slender and sometimes even more straight, scarcely curved downwards apically, with the pulvilli either long and well developed in both sexes, or long only in $¢ or much reduced, vestigial in $3, and td Annals of the South African Museum. absent or very minute in 99, and in some cases practically wanting in both sexes and with the apical hairs on last tarsal joint above never conspicuously long as in Corsomyza and some other genera, more often almost wanting; tarsi with the front ones in some 9? distinctly thickened and thicker than the middle and hind ones. Hypopygivum of 3d (cf. text-fig. 2 and figs. 6-77) extremely variable in shape, with the beaked apical joints (Ap.Jt.) very variable, never with a subapical lobe or with the outer part very angularly or lobularly prominent, often elongate and sometimes broad and almost leaf-shaped, with the apical part of the aedeagus (Ae.) never very broad and spout-like or very slender and arcuately curved upwards, with or without a ventral aedeagal process (V.Ae.Pr. or Ae.Pr.) below, with the dorsal part sometimes produced basally into a strap-like process projecting basally on each side, with the basal strut (Ba.Str.) assuming various shapes. A comparison of the numerous figures with those of other, and sometimes related, genera will give a much better conception of the type of hypopygium found in this genus. Though there is some considerable uniformity in the structure of the hypopygium in Bomby- lius there are marked structural differences as well, as are evident from the text-figures, and there is no justification in the case of the South African forms for Engel’s statement that “Der Bau des Epipygiums ist von erstaunlicher Gleichformigkeit.” To supplement the above summary of the chief characters of Bombylius, the reader is also referred to the summaries given by the other authors mentioned above and particularly by Paramonow and Engel. Owing to a marked superficial resemblance between many species and the great difficulty in separating such species, the following key is in many respects formidable, and the necessary enumeration of specific differences makes the couplets almost descriptive. It is also evident from this key that no individual or single character can be used by itself alone, but that an ensemble of characters is, in many cases, necessary to distinguish and separate the various species. Key to the South African species of Bombylius seen and examined by me. A. (D) Pubescence on body moderately developed or shortish, not markedly long, not giving the insects a marked puff-like appearance, that on abdomen not markedly long and shaggy and when appearing shaggy usually only so towards apex, that on sides at base rarely very long, that on first antennal joints, face, and especially on lower parts of genae usually without very conspicuous, long, stoutish, and stiff bristles, the pubes- cence on thorax, when strongly developed, not very conspicuous and A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 45 shaggy, with the bristles on abdomen either absent, poorly developed or, when stoutish and distinct, not markedly long and conspicuous; wings usually with the discoidal cell more narrowed apically, often acute or subacute apically, rarely with an extensive pattern of dark infuscations, large spots, or with a system of spots on cross veins and bases of other veins, and when such infuscations or spots are present the pubescence on abdomen is not markedly shaggy discally, and on sides and third antennal joints are not markedly slender, with the squamal fringe usually much shorter, composed only of fine hairs and without any distinct long bristly hairs or even bristles, and with the basal comb usually moderately developed; eyes in §¢ in contact above for a relatively long distance, or for a short distance, or they are contiguous or subcontiguous, or they are separated by the ocellar tubercle and not wider than tubercle, with the upper facets always distinctly and sometimes very much coarser than lower ones; frons in 99 with a more distinct transverse depression or longitudinal depression; antennal joint 3 less markedly attenuated apically and usually more thickened and relatively shorter; legs with the claws more usually sickle-shaped, curved downwards apically, and with the pulvilli rarely very poorly developed and not reaching at least middle of claws; hypopygium of §j¢ with the beaked apical joints usually bird-head shaped, triquetrous, elongated, or even very elongate and with a long beak and rarely conspicuously depressed or hollowed out above B. B. (C) Legs very dark or black and with the spines and spicules always black, and when legs are yellowish or the tibiae yellowish, the spines and spicules at least are black; pubescence on body usually with much dark or black hair or blackish bristly hairs and bristles, even if only on antennae and face in gg, more often with silvery white scaling or scale-like hairs in form of spots or patches on head or body in both sexes; eyes in §¢ in actual contact above for a distance at least as long as ocellar tubercle and sometimes even longer, with the upper facets always distinctly much coarser than lower ones; frons in 99 usually with a more distinct and usually deep transverse depression; hypopygium of gg with the beaked apical joints more or less triquetrous basally, bird-head shaped, and with a crown or tuft of conspicuous stiffish bristly hairs above and the aedeagus usually without a ventral process . 5 . @ (Group 1). a. (b) Pubescence with a conspicuous and broad longitudinal band or stripe of frosty white hair-like scaling on each side of thorax above and with a conspicuous broad, transverse band of white scaling on abdomen above with the bristly elements, especially on thorax, well developed and long; wings with a distinct pattern in which the front half is very dark blackish brown or sooty black and with large conspicuous black spots on apical cross veins of first and second basal cells and at base of second sub- marginal cell and smaller spots or infusions at apex of first posterior cell and also at bases of second and third posterior cells, with the end of second longitudinal vein very rapidly bent upwards or very markedly sinuate and with the discoidal cell markedly truncate apically; legs with the tibiae and the tarsi distinctly paler, yellowish or pale yellowish red é : 3 : : : : ; E 1 (Section 1). 46 Annals of the South African Museum. 1. (4) Wings without any appendices or stumps in marginal and second sub- marginal cells, with the anterior darkly infuscated part or half more or less well marked off from the posterior more hyaline part; pubescence with the paler elements on pleurae and sides of venter more rufous or reddish mauve in tint, with the transverse band of scaling on abdomen above more demarcated and more conspicuously white, the white band on side of thorax narrower and with darker scaling medially and discally on thorax above and also on head above ; : é : aS) 2 2. (3) Wings with only 2 submarginal cells, with 4 dark spots in the more hyaline posterior part: one at base of second submarginal cell, one at apex of first posterior cell, one on cross vein between discoidal and second posterior cells,and a smaller or minute one onvein at base of third posterior cell, and also with 2 larger spots on apical cross veins of basal cells; pubescence with the paler elements on sides of face, pleurae, and on sides of venter more rufous, purplish, or mauvish reddish . 4 Q lateralis ¥. (p. 111). 3. (2) Wings with 2 or usually 3 submarginal cells, usually without rounded spots, but with infuscations along basal parts of veins and cross veins of second and third submarginal cells, along basal veins of second and third posterior cells, often broken up into spots and often with a more distinct spot near apex of vein between anal and axillary cells; pubescence with the paler elements on sides of face, on pleurae and sides of venter usually paler or more straw-coloured in certain lights 3 & bivittatus Lw. (Triplasius) (p. 114). 4. (1) Wings (text-fig. 5) with appendices or stumps in marginal and submarginal cells, which are often irregular, sometimes joined on to margin of wing and thus producing a reticulate appearance, with the anterior darker part less marked off from the posterior part, which itself is also mottled to a certain extent; pubescence with the paler elements on frons, on sides of face, on pleurae, and on sides of venter distinctly paler and even more straw-coloured whitish, with the transverse band of whitish scaling on abdomen above more diffuse and the scaling towards apical part of abdomen above more greyish, the white band on each side of thorax distinctly broader and with a broad central band of greyish white scaling on disc of thorax and also on frons . 2 namaquensis n. sp. (p. 114). b. (a) Pubescence without any conspicuous longitudinal band of white scaling on sides of thorax and without a broad, transverse band of white scaling on abdomen above, with the bristly elements or bristles, on thorax especially, shorter, less conspicuous and less shaggy; wings usually not uniformly and darkly infuscated in front half and without conspicuous spots or infuscations on cross veins and other veins and a darker anterior infusca- tion if present almost confined to costal cell or more usually to base of wings and alula, with the second longitudinal vein and vein between submarginal cells distinctly less rapidly bent up at right angles apically and with the discoidal cell more narrowed apically, subacute, or sometimes even acute apically; legs either entirely black or entirely yellowish ¢. (f) Legs predominantly or entirely black, and even tibiae, when not as black as femora, are at least very dark blackish brown or very dark reddish brown; wings not apparently elongate and narrowish, with the vein between submarginal cells distinctly more S-curved, its base distinctly abe A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 47 more sinuate or bent before meeting the first posterior cell, with the second longitudinal vein more sinuous or bent upwards at its end, with the base of wings up to first cross veins either markedly, truncately, and conspicuously infuscated, or the basal part up to end of second basal cell and including the costal cell very darkly infuscated; pubescence always with much black hair or dark hair on the abdomen at least, and if sparsely black-haired the base of wings at least are darkly and trunc- ately infuscated and with the rest of the pubescence on body above and below not uniformly or predominantly creamy yellowish, straw- ccloured yellowish, pale yellowish to sericeous yellowish ; =<, Gk d. (e) Antennae with joint 1 only about 1}~2 times as long as joint 2; eyes without any or with only a very slight or feeble, scarcely perceptible, sinuosity or emargination behind on each side; pubescence on thorax above shorter and with a more shorn off appearance, that on sides of abdomen not distinctly tuft-like and shaggy, that on first antennal joints and on face distinctly very much shorter and even if dense not long and bushy or shaggy, without any conspicuous spots or patches of brilliantly shining silvery whitish scaling on head, thorax, or abdomen, and if patches of coloured hairs or scaling are present as spots, these are dull and frosty whitish and antennal joint 1 is very short; wings with the second longi- tudinal vein straight and if slightly undulating antennal joint | at least is short, with the discal cross vein usually just beyond or much beyond middle of discoidal cell, rarely at about or near middle, and if near middle antennal joint 1 is short or first longitudinal vein is straight, with the basal comb usually well developed; hind femora usually with more numerous spines below and these beginning before middle or near base; hypopygium of $3 with the neck region of basal parts more slender and more elongate, not broadened or arcuately dilated along lower apical margin, and if broadened antennal joint 1 is short and pubescence on it and face is not long and bushy . : : . 1 (Section 2). 1. (16) Wings with the second longitudinal vein straight and more rapidly bent upwards at its end, with the basal comb more conspicuously developed; hind margins of eyes scarcely perceptibly, or only feebly, sinuous or emarginate; pubescence on occiput, on frons anteriorly, and on thorax above very short and with a more distinct short and shorn-off appear- ance, the whitish spots on each side of frons or on abdomen above if. present not brilliantly shining silvery whitish, that on body above usually not predominantly whitish and, if predominantly whitish, without shining silvery whitish patches of scaling on abdomen above and with that on pleurae and venter not coffee brownish to fulvous brownish; hypopygium of $¢ with the neck region of basal parts longer and more slender and its lower margin not arcuately dilated or broadened . 2. 2. (11) Larger forms, about 11-17 mm. long and with a wing-length of about 15-19 mm.; pubescence on thorax at least distinctly much shorter and very close cropped in appearance, without lateral and medial spots of white or fulvous depressed, hair-like scaling on abdomen above and without a row of white or fulvous spots of hair-like scaling on each side of venter, and if coloured spots or patches are present on abdomen above these are composed of tufts of erect hairs as long as the other hairs and, 48 Annals of the South African Museum. if silvery scale-like patches are present on venter, only the extreme base ~ of wings is truncately infuscated; wings with the dark infuscation confined to base, more truncated, not extending beyond bases of first and second basal cells and not reaching basal cross vein in costal cell and the second basal cell or costal cell clear like rest of wings; scutellum almost always with much reddish brown or ferruginous brownish ._ 3. 3. (4) Pubescence on abdomen above with a broad, conspicuous, transverse band of orange golden hairs, that on basal side black and that on apical side whitish to greyish white, that on thorax above and pleurae in g¢ black and in 99 greyish white, due to black intermixed bristly hairs and bristles 3 2 bombiformis Bezz. (p. 116). 4, (3) Pubescence on abdomen above without any medial transverse band of orange yellowish hairs, predominantly black on abdomen, only an apical tuft white, yellowish or orange yellowish to golden yellowish or with a central row of fulvous or orange yellowish spots or tufts on abdomen above in both sexes, that on thorax above and on pleurae in ¢¢ and in some 99, also black but more often greyish, whitish, yellowish-buff to yellowish in 29 and with or without intermixed blackish elements . 5. 5. (6) Pubescence with the tuft at apex of abdomen predominantly snow white or tinted with yellowish or orange yellowish only laterally below, not entirely deep orange yellowish, that on thorax above and on front half of pleurae in 29 either whitish, greyish white to dull yellowish and without any black bristly hairs or bristles on occiput and front half of thorax or on pleurae in 99, with the alular and squamal fringes pale or white in 99; wings with the alula almost entirely blackish or dark as the basal in- fuscation on wings in both sexes . 3 ‘ 3 & analis F. (p. 118). 6. (5) Pubescence with the tuft at apex of abdomen entirely deep yellowish or deep orange yellowish or if with much black hair there is a central row of large rounded tufts of orange yellowish hair on abdomen above, the pubescence on thorax above in @@ dull greyish or bluish grey due to numerous intermixed black elements, even on occiput and frons, that on pleurae predominantly dark or blackish in 99, and even that on entire thorax in 99 may also be black as in ¢¢, with the alular and squamal fringes in both sexes dark or blackish; wings with the apical half or two-thirds of alula distinctly less infuscated and more hyaline than at base of wings in both sexes ‘ : aie 7. (10) Pubescence on abdomen without a central row of ieee rounded orange yellowish or fulvous tufts in both sexes and without a row of whitish or silvery whitish patches or spots on sides of venter in 99; wings with the discoidal cell more acute or subacute apically, a longish apical cross vein not being developed. : ‘ Mea 8. (9) Wings with the discoidal cell more pubenee apidally ana a a more distinct apical cross vein; pubescence on thorax and pleurae in ¢¢ black, that on frons, thorax above and upper parts of pleurae in 9Q greyish or bluish grey due to numerous intermixed black bristly hairs and bristles, that on pleurae in 9° dark brownish, and the apical tuft on abdomen in both sexes less extensive and conspicuous; smaller form, about 12-15 mm. long and with a wing-length of about 15-17 mm. 3 2 analis var. waterbergensis n. (p. 120). A Revision of the Bombylidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 49 9. (8) Wings with the discoidal cell very acute apically and without, or scarcely, any apical cross vein; pubescence entirely black above and below on thorax in both sexes, and that on abdomen also predominantly black in both sexes, but with the apical tuft of orange yellowish hair in both sexes more extensive, broader, and more conspicwous; larger species, more bulky, about 163-17 mm. long and with a wing-length of about 18-19 mm. ‘ ‘ ‘ 3 2 haemorrhoidalis Bezz. (p. 120). 10. (7) Pubescence on ahdoiticn above in both sexes with a central row of large rounded tufts of orange yellowish or fulvous hair, and in 99 with a row of small rounded dull silvery, whitish spots of hair-like scaling on each side of venter, the pubescence on thorax above and on pleurae in f¢ en- tirely black, but that on thorax above in 99 bluish grey due to numerous intermixed black elements; wings with the discoidal cell truncate apically, a well-developed apical cross vein being present 3 2 fulvonotatus Wied. (p. 121). 11. (2) Smaller species, not longer than about 11 mm. and with a wing-length not longer than about 12 mm.; pubescence on thorax at least distinctly longer and with a comparatively less shorn-off appearance, with distinct lateral and central spots of either white or fulvous depressed hair-like scaling on abdomen above in both sexes and with a row of spots or a patch of depressed, hair-like, white or fulvous scaling on each side of venter as well and in both sexes; wings, apart from the usual basal infuscation, also with the costal cell and first basal cell or even the basal parts of marginal and first submarginal cells infuscated or dis- tinetly tinged or with the basal infuscation extending to apices of first and second basal cells; scutellum entirely black as rest of body above 13. 12. (13) Pubescence on body above and below predominantly black in ¢ at least, with only a spot at base of each wing, a central row of rounded spots on abdomen above and 4 contiguous spots on each side of venter of deep orange yellowish or fulvous scaling; wings with the costal cell and the base up to middle of first basal cell and to end of second basal cell and also the alula more or less sooty blackish, with the discal cross vein at about, or scarcely beyond, middle of discoidal cell and with the alular fringe entirely dark; antennae with oy 1 relatively shorter and less than 2 times aslongas2 . : . 6 vansoni Hesse (p. 123). 13. (12) Pubescence on body above and below in both sexes predominantly white or with much white hair, that on head, thorax in front, as 2 discal stripes on thorax above, that on pleurae and on 3 rows of patches or spots on abdomen above and on confluent spots on each side of venter white, with the spots on abdomen composed of white scaling, with the bristly elements towards apex of abdomen white-tipped, with the pubescence on venter and even on coxae gleaming golden to yellowish or fulvous golden; wings either with the extreme basal infuscation dark blackish brown and the costal cell and basal half of first basal cell yellowish brown or with a more extensive pattern in which the base is blackish brown, the costal cell and basal half of first basal cell yellowish and the basal halves of marginal and first submarginal cells and the apical half of first basal cell brownish, the brownish even extending down apical 50 Annals of the South African Museum. cross veins of second basal cell towards apex of anal cell, with the alula more hyaline or also darkish with the discal cross vein distinctly beyond, or much beyond, middle of discoidal cell and with the alular fringe with much whitish hair; antennae with joint 1 relatively longer and quite 2 times as long as 2, and if shorter the pubescence on body is at least whitish . : : ; : . 14. 14. (15) Wings with a more exeusive alan pabtierns counieitne of a very dark 1 5. (14 ) brown or blackish brown base, passing into a yellowish costal cell and yellowish basal half of first basal cell and a brownish or even dark brownish basal half of marginal cell, basal half of first submarginal cell and apical half of first basal cell, these latter brownish infuscations forming a characteristic quadrate dark patch which also faintly extends down across apical cross veins of second basal cell towards apical part of anal cell, with the veins in wings paler but with the apical cross veins of basal cells distinctly more infuscated and spot-like, with the discal cross vein considerably beyond middle of discoidal cell, with the alula also darker and even more brownish; pubescence with the bristly elements on coxae and to a certain extent also their pubescence deeper yellowish golden or fulvous as on venter; eyes in gg almost touching at a point a little in front of front ocellus, then rapidly diverging apically 3 2 hypoxanthus Lw. (p. 125). (Syn. =plagiatus Bezz.) Wings with only the extreme base very dark blackish brown and the costal cell, narrow basal part of marginal cell and upper part of basal half of first basal cell slightly yellowish to yellowish brownish, the greater part of wings thus hyaline, with the veins on the whole distinctly darker, and the apical cross veins of basal cells less distinctly spot-like, with the discal cross vein only a little beyond middle of discoidal cell, with the alula clearer; pubescence on venter also fulvous or yellowish, but that on coxae much paler and more whitish; eyes in gg in actual contact for a longer distance, at least as long as, or even slightly longer than, ocellar tubercle before diverging apically 3 2 acroleucus Bezz. (p. 128). 16. (1) Wings with the second longitudinal vein undulating and less rapidly bent i upwards at its end, with the basal comb distinctly smaller and less developed; hind margins of eyes distinctly more perceptibly and more deeply sinuous or emarginate; pubescence on occiput, on frons anteriorly, and even on thorax anteriorly slightly longer and more shaggy in appear- ance, the whitish tufts on each side of frons and the patches of white scaling on abdomen above more in form of brilliantly shining silvery white scaling, with the pubescence on body above predominantly whitish, that on pleurae and venter brownish, coffee brownish to dark fulvous brownish; hypopygium of g with the neck region of basal parts much shorter and less slender, its lower margin distinctly more arcuately 3 arnoldi n. sp. (p. 129). dilated or broadened . (d) Antennae with joint 1 distinctly sitet eee and much more than 2 times as long as 2 and, if about 2 times as long as 2, with second longitudinal vein undulating; eyes with a distinct and deeper, more perceptible sinuosity or emargination behind on each side; pubescence on occiput A Revision of the Bombyliudae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 51 and thorax above distinctly longer, more bushy and shaggy, that on sides of abdomen distinctly more tuft-like and bushy, relatively longer, that on first antennal joints and face in both sexes distinctly denser, longer, and more shaggy or bushy, with conspicuous spots or patches of brilhantly shining silvery whitish scaling on head, thorax above and on abdomen above and sometimes with opalescent, reddish or cinnabar reddish scaling on abdomen above as well, especially in some 99; wings with the second longitudinal vein undulating, with the discal cross vein before middle of discoidal cell, rarely tending to be at about middle of discoidal cell and, if near middle, the second longitudinal vein is undulating, with the basal comb smaller and less developed; hind femora usually with fewer spines below and these more or less confined to apical half below; hypopygium of $¢ with the neck region of basal parts much shorter and less slender, its lower margin distinctly broadened or arcuately dilated. : , - | I(Section’3): 1. (2) Antennae with joint 1 very aire avenues aly about 2 times as long as 2; pubescence on first antennal joints, face, occiput, and thorax above distinctly much shorter, not very long and bushy or shaggy, pre- dominantly white, that on abdomen distinctly shorter and not so con- spicuously tuft-like on sides and also with much whitish hair, the apices of the hairs, especially towards apex of abdomen, white-tipped, the pubescence on pleurae and venter more brownish or rather more fulvous brownish and with the patches or spots of silvery scaling on abdomen above less obvious and more hidden by the rest of pubescence; wings with the discal cross vein at about, or even just beyond, middle of discoidal cell; hind femora with slightly more numerous spines, about 10-11, below and beginning from near base to apex 3 arnold n. sp. (p. 129). 2. (1) Antennae with joint 1 very much longer, elongate and longer than 2, at least 3 or 4 times as long as 2; pubescence on first antennal joints, on face, occiput, and thorax distinctly longer, more bushy or shaggy, predominantly black or very dark on head at least, that on front part of thorax may be paler, that on abdomen distinctly longer, more tuft-like and bushy on sides even in 99, and also predominantly black or with much dark hair, that on pleurae on the whole also darker and more often also predominantly blackish and with the spots or patches of silvery white scaling on abdomen above very conspicuous and striking; wings with the discal cross vein distinctly before, or much before, middle of discoidal cell; hind femora with fewer A below, and these more or less confined to apical half . : : 3) 35 3. (6) Wings with a very extensive and conspicuous ee or Shean brown pattern, extending to level of discal cross vein as follows: the basal half of marginal cell, the base of first submarginal cell and a confluent spot on discal cross vein, the medial part of first basal cell, the apical part of second basal cell across its apical veins and the basal parts of anal and axillary cells very dark blackish brown, the outer limits of this infuscation being thus oblique and jagged, with the costal cell, base of wings, the medial basal parts of first and second basal cells and to a certain extent the extreme base of anal cell more yellowish or pale 52 10 Annals of the South African Museum. yellowish brown, with the apical part of first basal cell more or less hyaline and with a distinct whitish spot at base of marginal cell and another near apex of second basal cell, with the discoidal cell distinctly more truncate apically, a fairly long apical cross vein being present; hypopygium of ¢ with the lower edge in neck ee slightly less arcuately broadened : : 3 5 A (5) Wings with a distinct, though variable; flan infusion or - dnbusoatiee extending down the vein between anal and fourth posterior cells towards hind border of wing . ; : : 3 Q delicatus Wied. (p. 132). (4) Wings without any infusion or cnbusention extending down the vein between anal and fourth posterior cells 3 2 delicatus var. mutilatus Bezz. (p. 132). . (3) Wings predominantly vitreous or glassy hyaline, without any extensive dark pattern, only the base up to or near basal cross vein in costal cell being truncately infuscated blackish brown, brownish, or yellowish brown, with the discoidal cell distinctly more acute or subacute apically, the apical cross vein being much shorter or sometimes even wanting; hypopygium of $g with the lower outer margin in neck region of basal parts more distinctly or typically arcuately broadened or dilated . 7. (14) Pubescence on sides of abdomen without fulvous, yellowish, orange yellowish or whitish hair or conspicuous tufts of longish silvery whitish hair-like scales and without distinct and conspicuous reddish golden, orange golden, cr even opalescent greenish or bluish hair-like scaling or scales on scutellum and especially abdomen above, the hair on front part of thorax in both sexes usually less extensively pale; squamal fringe very dark or blackish in both sexes. : «1 ee . (9) Pubescence on occiput, antennae, face, and genae diatinonty longer, that in a tuft behind wings and above halteres on each side straw-coloured whitish; antennae with joint 1 distinctly longer, quite 5, more than 4, times as long as 2 and with joint 3 relatively shorter and subequal in length to joints 1 and 2 combined; wings with the basal infuscation and alula sooty blackish, with the veins very dark blackish brown, the discoidal cell acute apically, and the axillary lobe rather narrowish 3 & plorans Bezz. (p. 134). (8) Pubescence on occiput, antennae, face, and genae distinctly and compara- welt — tively shorter, the tuft behind wings and above halteres entirely black; antennae with joint 1 distinctly shorter and only about 4, or only a little more, times as long as 2 and with 3 relatively longer and longer than 1 and 2 combined; wings with the basal infuscation and alula less dark, more brownish or yellowish brown and, if black, antennal joints 1 and 3 are distinctly shorter, with the veins paler and even yellowish, with the discoidal cell subacute, less acute and even with a very distinct apical cross vein and with the axillary lobe distinctly broader and more sub- angularly rounded opposite apical part of alula_. : «LO. Proboscis longer, about 45-5 mm.; pubescence on body aloes) and below predominantly or almost enue black, that on thorax in front in gg less extensively pale or fulvous, and that on occiput and on thorax in front in 99 more obscurely pale and more fulvous brown, but rather sparse, with the silvery spots on body less developed; wings with the A Revision of the Bombyliudae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 53 veins darker brownish, with the basal infuscation darker and more blackish brown . 3 , 3 2 melanolomus n. sp. (p. 135). 11. (10) Proboscis shorter, about 32-4 mm. joni pubescence on body above and below, though predominantly black, with that on thorax in front in ¢¢ more extensively greyish white, straw-coloured yellowish to pale fulvous, and in QQ also distinctly more extensively straw-coloured yellowish or fulvous, and with the spots of silvery white scaling on body above in 99, and on abdomen in jg more conspicuous and more developed; wings with much paler and pale yellowish veins, and with a paler basal in- fuscation . : : : 5 Ze 12. (13) Pubescence with the feisty haiti on occiput, sinberion half of thorax and sides of thorax in 99 with more dark elements, only a small tuft of fulvous hair on each humerus and anteriorly with the beginnings of 2 admedian stripes of silvery scaling, with the hair on thorax anteriorly and more medially in g¢ greyish to very pale straw-coloured whitish and without brownish golden scaling on disc of thorax in 99; interocular space in 99 slightly broader and a little more than 2 times as broad as ocellar tubercle; wings with the discal cross vein much before middle of discoidal cell . ‘ i ; 3S Q lugens Bezz. (p. 137). 13. (12) Pubescence with the bristly Hai on occiput, the fine erect hairs on front half of thorax, along sides of thorax above wings on each side and inter- mixed ones on mesopleuron in @ straw-coloured yellowish but with golden gleams, with the fine scaling on thorax brownish golden, with the following spots of silvery white scaling: 4 on frons, a tuft on each side of face, a small spot behind eyes, a spot on the humerus, another just in front of wings, an admedian patch on each side in front and a small admedian one on each side in line with those in front of wings, a large spot on each side in front of scutellum, an elongate transverse patch at base on each side of tergite 2, small central spots and a patch on each side basally of tegrites 3-5; interocular space in @ slightly narrower, only about 2 times as broad as tubercle; wings with the discal cross vein just before middle of discoidal cell , 5 Q tucker n. sp. (p. 139). 14. (7) Pubescence on sides of abdomen with conspicuous and longish tufts of silvery whitish hair-like scaling or with a conspicuous bushy tuft of orange yellowish or yellowish hair, with sometimes conspicuous and dense reddish golden, orange golden, or even opalescent greenish or bluish scales on body above and especially scutellum and abdomen, the pubes- cence on thorax in front, occiput, and pleurae, and sometimes even on head with more extensive pale hair in both sexes; squamal fringe much paler, yellowish or snow-white to silvery white. : ‘ ld: 15. (20) Pubescence on body above without conspicuous or dense depressed reddish golden, deep golden, or purplish red hair-like scaling or even with flattened opalescent greenish or bluish scaling in addition to spots of silvery scaling, with pubescence on pleurae, in entire lower part of meta- pleural tuft and predominantly on abdomen in both sexes black or very dark and with the tufts of snow-white hairs or hair-like scaling on sides basally of tergites 3 and 4 longer and more conspicuous and with the silvery tuft on each side of face more extensive and more conspicuous : 16. VOL. XXXIV. 9) 54 Annals of the South African Museum. 16. (17) Pubescence with the tuft of snow-white hairs and silvery white hair-like scales on sides of tergites 3 and 4 basally in g¢ longer, the pubescence on occiput and front part of thorax in both sexes straw-coloured whitish to yellowish; wings more blackish at base, with the discoidal cell more often subacute and with the discal cross vein just before middle of dis- coidal cell ; ; : 3 2 ornatus Wied. (p. 140). 17. (16) Pubescence with the tufts of white or silvery white hairs and scales on sides of tergites 3 and 4 basally in $¢ shorter, the pubescence on occiput and on thorax, especially in 99, black or predominantly black; wings more yellowish at base and with the discal cross vein slightly nearer base of discoidal cell . : : -) Ss 18. (19) Sternopleuron in 2 without a conspicuous pakan of diver goals 3 2 kilumandjaricus Bezz. nec Speis. (p. 140). 19. (18) Sternopleuron in 2 with a conspicuous patch of silvery white scales | 2 var. of ornatus Wied. (p. 142). (Labelled as kilomandjaricus by Bezzi.) 20. (15) Pubescence on body above with distinct, conspicuous, and sometimes dense, depressed reddish golden, deep golden, or purplish red hair-like scaling, and in some forms even with flattened, opalescent greenish or bluish scaling in addition to spots of silvery white scaling, with more pale or even yellowish elements on body, the pubescence on pleurae, in front lower part of metapleural tuft, and in some forms even on abdomen with much or more pale hairs, with the tufts of silvery white hair-like scales on sides basally of tergites 3 or 3 and 4 or 3-5, if present, distinctly shorter and less conspicuous in both sexes and with the silvery tuft on each side of face usually smaller and less extensive, and if conspicuous the body has reddish golden or golden scaling above’. oe 21. (22) Pubescence in 9° at least with conspicuous flattened silvery white scaling on mesopleuron, propleural parts, front coxae, femora, and the tibiae in addition to the spots and tufts of silvery white scaling on head, thorax, and abdomen above, with some flattened greenish, bluish, and purplish red, opalescent scaling on body above, the pubescence on abdomen and rest of body more straw-coloured, even that on first antennal joints and venter below with more straw-coloured elements, the pubescence also relatively shorter on antennae and also with some long, flattened, silvery white scale-like hairs on sides of antennal joint 1 2 okahandjanus n. sp. (p. 148). 22. (21) Pubescence in both sexes without flattened silvery white scaling on propleural parts, front coxae, femora, and tibiae, that on legs usually dark though they may gleam greyish in certain lights, if with whitish ones on pleurae body above with reddish golden or golden scaling, without any flattened, greenish or bluish opalescent scales, the pubescence on first antennal joints longer and blackish, that on abdomen with more black hair or if with pale ones with a large tuft of orange hair on sides or with deep golden scaling above without any conspicuous ay white scale- like hairs on sides of antennal joint 1. : . 23. 23. (24) Pubescence on sides of abdomen predoienannln plese even if more conspicuous in 34, with a more distinct and conspicuous tuft of silvery white hair-like scales on sides basally of tergite 4 in gg, the pubescence A Revision of the Bombylidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 55 on thorax above in front more whitish or straw-coloured whitish, with the fine depressed scaling on body above slightly duller and less reddish golden, with some patches of dense silvery white scaling on each side of venter in 99; wings with the basal infuscation paler and more yellowish, only extreme base very dark and with the alula very pale, more sub- opaquely whitish : ‘ : - 6 &rufiventris Macq. (p. 144). 24. (23) Pubescence on sides of abdomen in both sexes with a very conspicuous tuft of orange yellowish to orange golden hair from base of tergites 2-4, with only a few inconspicuous silvery whitish scales on sides basally of 3 and 4 in gg, more distinct on sides of abdomen in 99, the pubescence on thorax above in front distinctly more yellowish to pale golden yellowish, with the scaling on body above distinctly deeper reddish and gleaming more reddish golden, with only dense fulvous hairs and very few silvery scales on side of venter in 2; wings with the basal infuscation distinctly darker and more dark brownish to blackish brown and with the alula also distinctly darker and more brownish . : 3 & elegans Wied. (Syn. =furiosus Walk.) (p. 145). f. (c) Legs predominantly or entirely yellowish, and if femora are darkened they are so only basally; wings apparently more elongate and narrowish in appearance, with the vein between the submarginal cells distinctly less S-curved and straighter, its base less sinuous or bent down before meeting first posterior cell, with the second longitudinal vein slightly less sinuous or bent upwards at its end, without a well-marked-off and truncated basal infuscation and without more extensive very dark infuscations, the base, costal cell, basal half of first basal cell, and the second basal cell may, however, be slightly tinged more yellowish or yellowish brown than rest of wings; pubescence on body above and below predominantly whitish, straw-coloured yellowish, creamy yellowish to pale golden yellow- ish and black elements may be present only on frons, antennae, and face or as transverse bristles or even tufts of hair on sides of abdomen g. g- (h) Wings with the first posterior cell not sharply and angularly acute apically, normal and with a normally long stalk, with the vein separating sub- marginal cells slightly more S-curved and not almost straight, with the discal cross vein much or very much before middle of discoidal cell, the first and second basal cells sometimes almost equal in length and almost Systoechus-like; head with antennal joint 1 relatively shorter, less than 34 times as long as joint 2, with the interocular space in 92 very much broader, very much more than 14—2 times as broad as ocellar tubercle, with the frons in 99 very much broader and normally broadly diverging apically, with the proboscis shorter and only about 4—5 mm. long, with the facets on upper anterior part of eyes in 29 not remarkably coarser and with face broader in both sexes; abdomen not truncated in appear- ance and the last few segments not telescoped or tucked in below segment 5; pubescence with that on face less dense and not overhanging face in front and tuft-like, with the dark or blackish elements if present on sides across hind margins of abdominal tergites less conspicuously and markedly tuft-like, and if dense and suggesting tufts abdomen is not truncated and first posterior cell is not apically acute, with the dark or black transverse bristles across abdomen, in 9° at least, on the whole 56 Annals of the South African Museum. stouter; hypopygium of known g¢ with the inner apical angles of basal parts less prominent and with the beaked apical joints Bec to a distinct sharp point or beak : : ‘ . 1 (Section 4). 1. (4) Wings with the discal cross vein very raven before middle of discoidal cell, the first and second basal cells being almost equal and almost Systoechus-like; pubescence on body, even in gg, more yellowish or creamy yellowish, that on body below also more creamy yellowish and not strikingly whitish, with less dense and tuft-like blackish elements on sides of abdomen in 99, and sometimes without any blackish hairs on sides of abdomen in gg; antennae sometimes reddish or yellowish, with joint 1 appearing relatively shorter and with joint 3 sometimes slightly more thickened or broadened basally; claws either sickle-shaped or nearly straight, and the pulvilli short or reaching middle of claws . 2. 2. (3) Claws normally sickle-shaped, distinctly curved down apically, and the pulvilli long, reaching and extending beyond middle of claws; antennae entirely black, with joint 3 markedly club-shaped, very much broadened basally; pubescence with a tuft of silvery whitish scaling on each side of frons anteriorly in $¢ at least, without any black or dark bristly hairs on post-alar calli and on sides of abdomen in §g; wings with the discoidal cell acute apically; femora in gg darkened at base 3 permixtus n. sp. (p. 145). 3. (2) Claws almost straight, longer, and with the pulvilli short and confined to base, not reaching middle of claws in both sexes; antennae with joints 1 and 2 and basal half or three-quarters of 3 pale yellowish red in both sexes, with joint 3 slightly longer, more slender, and much less broadened basally; pubescence with the tuft on each side of frons anteriorly more yellowish or sericeous yellowish in both sexes, with a few intermixed blackish hairs or bristly hairs on post-alar calli in both sexes, and also with black bristles on scutellum and transversely across abdomen in 9; wings with the discoidal cell subacute apically, a distinct apical cross vein being present; femora in both sexes entirely yellowish 3 2 subacutus n. sp. (p. 148). 4. (1) Wings with the discal cross vein, though much before middle of discoidal cell, farther away from its base, the first basal cell thus distinctly much longer than, and not appearing subequal to, second basal cell; pubes- cence on body paler and distinctly more whitish even in 99, that on body below distinctly more contrastingly whitish, that on thorax above and on abdomen above and even on venter however with some or much yellowish brown or brownish golden, with denser and more numerous black bristly hairs or bristles on sides of abdomen, especially on segment 3, in addition to the dark transverse bristles and sometimes with more numerous intermixed black bristly hairs on ocellar tubercle, frons, face, and genae in some 99; antennae black, with joint 1 appearing relatively longer and with joint 3 usually more slender and rod-like, only slightly broadened basally; claws sickle-shaped and bent down apically, with the pulvilli long in both sexes, reaching and extending beyond middle of claws. : 4 : : : ‘ : ; ‘ Ok 5. (6) Pubescence on antennae, face, and genae with intermixed black hairs in both sexes, that on sides of tergites 1 and 2 and more so on 3 with more A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 57 blackish elements, especially in 99; head with antennal joint 1 only about 24 times as long as 2, with joint 3 more rod-like and less broadened basally, with the interocular space in 99 slightly narrower and only about 2 times as broad as tubercle, with the proboscis slightly more obviously spinulated; hind femora with about 13 spines below 3 & cockerelli n. sp. (p. 149). 6. (5) Pubescence on antennae, face, and genae, in 99 at least, entirely whitish, that on sides of tergite 1 white, and the black bristly hairs and hairs on sides of tergites 2 and 3 less conspicuous in 99 at least; head with antennal joint 1 quite 3 times as long as 2, with 3 slightly more distinctly broadened basally, with the interocular space in 99 slightly broader, about 24 times as broad as tubercle, with the proboscis more finely and scarcely visibly spinulated; hind femora with only about 8-9 spines below é Z : : ; ; Q karasanus n. sp. (p. 151). h. (g) Wings with the first posterior cell attenuated and very sharply acute apically and provided apically with a short stalk, with the vein between submarginal cells almost straight, with the discal cross vein, though also before middle of discoidal cell, distinctly nearer middle, the first basal cell thus very much longer than second basal cell; head with antennal joint 1 relatively longer, about 32-4 times as long as joint 2, with the interocular space in 99 remarkably narrow, only about 14, scarcely 2, times as broad as ocellar tubercle, with the frons in 99° remarkably narrow, the inner margins subparallel for a good distance before gradually diverging apically, with the face in both sexes, but especially in 29, also remarkably narrow, with the proboscis usually more than 5 mm. long, with the anterior upper facets in eyes of 99 distinctly very much coarser; abdomen truncated in appearance, the last few segments telescoped or tucked in below segment 5; pubescence with that on face denser and overhanging face in front, tuft-like, with the blackish elements on sides across hind margins of tergites 2-5 distinctly and conspicuously tuft-like, with the transverse black bristly elements on abdomen finer and less stoutish; hypopygium of ¢ (text-fig. 21) with the inner apical angle and process of basal parts long, prominently produced, rounded apically, rabbit-ear like and with the beaked apical joints broader, more flattened and strap-like, broadly rounded apically & 2 mollis Bezz. (Section 5) (Syn. =disjunctus Bezz.) (p. 153). C (B) Legs entirely or predominantly yellowish and even if femora be darkened the spines and spicules are always yellowish or pallid; pubescence on body entirely or predominantly whitish, yellowish, or golden yellowish, without any black hair on body, and when blackish or dark elements are present they are found only in form of blackish transverse bristles or bristly hairs across hind margins of the abdomen, without any tufts or spots of resplendent, shining, silvery whitish scales on body; eyes in 6d rarely in actual contact for a distance as long as ocellar tubercle, usually subcontiguous or more often separated by width of front ocellus, front part of tubercle, or even by width of tubercle, with the upper facets of eyes only distinctly and visibly coarser in forms with the eyes in sub- contact; frons in 29 usually with a shallower transverse depression which 58 Annals of the South African Museum. is sometimes very shallow and more medial, not markedly transverse; hypopygium of §¢g with the beaked apical joints variable in shape, elongated and narrowish, and when shortish and broadened not typical bird-head shaped and not markedly triquetrous at base, with the bristly hairs above on beaked joints usually not conspicuously concentrated and tuft-like, and with or without a ventral aedeagal process 1 (Group 2). 1. (12) Antennae and proboscis predominantly or entirely yellowish, yellowish red or pale reddish brown, with only the apex of proboscis darkened and with antennal joint 3 always reddish or entirely reddish; wings with the discal cross vein always distinctly much before middle of discoidal cell 2. 2. (7) Claws almost straight, with the pulvilli short, confined to base and not reaching middle of claws; scutellum black or very dark; wings in gd more extensively tinged yellowish or pale yellowish brown, only the apical part being more hyaline, almost entirely hyaline in 99, with the basal comb very vestigial, with the alula more reduced, poorly developed and not prominently lobe-like, without any indication or trace of spot- like infuscations on apical cross veins of basal cells; pubescence distinctly longer and more fluffy, especially in gg, without any distinctly visible stoutish bristles or bristly elements in front of wings or across hind margins of abdomen in both sexes, predominantly sericeous whitish, straw-coloured whitish to very pale sericeous yellowish in gg and pale sericeous yellowish in 99; head with the face distinctly much shorter, less developed and not spout-like, with the interocular space in $¢ as broad as tubercle but sides less rapidly diverging anteriorly, the inter- ocular space in 99 less than 3 times as broad as tubercle; smaller species, about 34-6 mm. long and with a wing-length of 4-64 mm., with the thorax more subglobularly prominent and abdomen more conditarmgt hypopygium of ¢ (text-fig. 22) without a ventral aedeagal process and with the basal strut markedly or relatively more elongated . ge 3. (6) Face paler and more pallid or yellowish in both sexes; pleural parts in both sexes usually with much red or even entirely reddish and red on abdomen in gg conspicuous on sides and across hind margins, and often entire apical part is reddish; pubescence in gg usually paler and more sericeous whitish and even in 99 also paler; larger forms, about 4-6 mm. long and with a wing-length of about 5-64 mm. . ; ota 4. (5) Abdomen in $3 more extensively and conspicuously reddish on sides, the entire apical part being also almost entirely reddish; head with antennal joint 3 tending to be pale yellowish red like 1 and 2 and with joint 1 apparently longer, with the proboscis usually stouter and less than 3 mm. long; pubescence sericeous whitish or frosty whitish in g¢ and very pale in 99 ; ; A , ; 3 & globulus Bezz. (p. 157). (Typical Namaqualand forms.) 0. (4) Abdomen in 3g less extensively reddened on sides and the apex less conspicuously red; head with antennal joint 3 tending to be more brownish and with joint 1 apparently relatively shorter, with the proboscis distinctly more slender and slightly longer, about 24-34 mm. long; pubescence more pale creamy yellowish or pale sericeous yellowish in both sexes ; : : aia . fb 8 globulus Bezz. (Karoo form) (p. 158). A Revision of the Bombylidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 59 6. (3) Face very dark or black in both sexes; pleural parts predominantly black in both sexes and even abdomen in §¢ predominantly black; pubescence in both sexes slightly more distinctly yellowish; small form, only about 33-4 mm. long and with a wing-length of only about 4-5 mm. S$ 2 giobulus Bezz. (p. 159). (Small Namaqualand form.) 7. (2) Claws normally sickle-shaped, their apices curved down, with the pulvilli much longer, reaching and extending beyond middle of claws; scutellum entirely pale ferruginous reddish; wings with the base, costal cell, basal parts of marginal and first submarginal cells, more than basal half of first basal cell and greater part of second basal cell tinged subopaquely yellowish brown, the base being more yellowish, the rest of the wings in both sexes hyaline, with the basal comb more conspicuously developed, the alula distinctly more strongly developed and more lobate, with a distinct, though sometimes faint, spot-like infuscation on apical cross veins of basal cells; pubescence distinctly shorter and with a more shorn off appearance on thorax in both sexes, that on face shorter and sparser, with distinct macrochaetal bristles in front of wings and in 99 at least with transverse bristles on abdomen, predominantly deeper yellowish, more golden to brownish or reddish golden in both sexes; head with the face distinctly more prominent and produced, sometimes more or less spout-like, with the interocular space in jg as broad as front ocellus or front part of ocellar tubercle or even as broad as tubercle, then more rapidly diverging apically, with the space in 92 about 34-41 times as broad as tubercle; larger species, about 6-12 mm. long and with a wing-length of about 74-12} mm., with the thorax not convexly prominent and abdomen not so markedly cordiform; hypo- pygium of g¢ with a distinct ventral aedeagal process below . O° 8. (11) Proboscis remarkably long and straight, about 6-10 mm.; head with the face markedly prominent, more produced and more spout-like, with the interocular space in 99 relatively narrower, about 34, or a little more, times as broad as tubercle, with antennal joint 3 longer and quite 13 times as long as 1 and 2 combined; pleurae with less yellowish, the third antennal joints as pale as 1 and 2, the proboscis is more extensively reddish, and in 9° the hind margins on side of abdomen are not reddened; pubescence on frons and face much sparser and shorter, that on abdomen above in both sexes denser and jn 9° with longish erect hairs in addition to transverse bristles, that on pleurae pale pink mauvish and with the bristles on body above not or scarcely gleaming whitish at their apices; wings with the infuscated part slightly darker and more yellowish brown or brownish, the infuscation more diffuse, and with the spot-like infusca- tions on apical cross veins of basal cells more conspicuous; hind femora with about 7-12 comparatively stout spines below; hypopygium of ¢ (text-fig. 23) with the apex of aedeagus very slender and curved upwards and with the ventral aedeagal process acute apically and curved down- wards : ; ‘ : : : é 4 : : so EOE 9. (10) Wings with the dark brownish infuscation basally more diffuse, less marked off, the basal half of marginal cell and first submarginal cell being also infuscated, with the spots on cross veins also more diffuse; pubescence 60 Annals of the South African Museum. in gg more golden or brownish golden and that towards apex of abdomen more creamy yellowish, that on face sparse; hind femora with about 7-10 spines below ' : . 6 & eurhinatus Bezz. (p. 159). 10. (9) Wings with the dark prowuigh infuscation basally more distinctly marked off, the basal half of marginal cell and first submarginal cell being almost hyaline and the spots on cross veins less diffuse; pubescence in ¢ slightly paler, more creamy yellowish and that towards apex of abdomen more whitish, that on face slightly denser; hind femora with about 11-12 spines below. . 6 eurhinatus var. bechuanus Hesse (p. 162). 11. (8) Proboscis very much orion, only about 3-5 mm. long; head with the face, though prominent, less produced, with the interocular space in 99 relatively broader, about 4—44 times as broad as ocellar tubercle, with antennal joint 3 slightly shorter and not 14 times as long as 1 and 2 combined; pleurae with more yellowish in both sexes, the third antennal joint usually darker and the proboscis also more extensively darkened below and in 99 the hind margins on side of abdomen are distinctly and broadly reddish; pubescence on frons and face denser and slightly longer, that on occiput also longer, that on abdomen above, especially in 99, distinctly less dense, shorter and with fewer long erect hairs and, apart from transverse bristles, with dense depressed hair-like scaling, that on pleurae slightly paler pinkish mauve and with the bristles on body above more gleaming whitish at their apices; wings with the infuscated part paler and more yellowish, less diffuse and with the spot- like infuscations on cross veins less distinct; hind femora with about 5-8 more slender spines below; hypopygium of ¢ (text-fig. 24) with the apex of aedeagus straight and shorter, not curved upwards, and with the ventral aedeagal process smaller, horizontal, and rounded apically 3 & brachyrrhynchus Bezz. (p. 162). 12. (1) Antennae and proboscis entirely or predominantly black, or antennal joint 3 and by far the greater part of proboscis black, only the extreme base of proboscis being sometimes yellowish, and if antennae are pre- dominantly yellowish the position of discal cross vein is different; wings with the discal cross vein at middle or distinctly beyond middle of discoidal cell, and when rarely just before middle the antennae and proboscis are predominantly black : 13. 3. (20) Wings with the first posterior cell distinctly and domotiten’ very y markedly attenuated and acute apically,, provided with a very short stalk, this stalk being usually very much shorter than rest of vein separating first posterior and second submarginal cells, sometimes even absent and the first posterior cell thus sessile or even almost opening on hind border, with the vein between first and second posterior cells straight, never even slightly sinuous or bent up at its end where it joins the part of third longitudinal vein (M,+R,;) separating off the second submarginal cell and with this latter vein always much straighter . ; . 14. 14, (15) Wings with the first posterior cell distinctly sessile on hind ‘ponden its apical part thus less sharply acute, there being no stalk whatever, with the discal cross vein at about the middle of discoidal cell, with the third posterior cell (text-fig. 25, II1) more or less rhomboidal, all its sides tending to be equal, with the basal comb poorly developed; scutellum A Revision of the Bombyludae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 61 predominantly black, only narrowish hind margin reddish, and face, head below, and pleurae also predominantly dark; pubescence longer and that on thorax above in ¢ at least longer and more recumbent, not with a shorn-off appearance, gleaming almost silvery whitish on body above and entirely frosty white below; head with the eyes in $ separated above by a space as broad as front part of ocellar tubercle or tubercle itself, with antennal joint 3 markedly broadened near base, then more rapidly narrowed along lower margin; hypopygium of ¢ (text-fig. 26) with the ventral aedeagal process recurved apically and with the basal strut more broadish . : . 6 rhomboidalis n. sp. (p. 164). 5. (14) Wings with the first posterior ceil very sharply and angularly acute apically, not roundly sessile on hind border but provided with either a very short stalk or a longer one, with the discal cross vein distinctly and even much beyond middle of discoidal cell, with the third posterior cell not markedly rhomboidal, its sides being markedly or normally unequal in length, with the basal comb more strongly and more con- spicuously developed; scutellum predominantly pale reddish yellow or pale reddish brown, and face, head below, and pleural parts with more yellowish; pubescence on body above distinctly shorter in both sexes, that on thorax above in g¢ with a more shorn off appearance, dull creamy whitish or yellowish to sericeous or golden yellowish, and if gleaming whitish and almost frosty whitish below first posterior cell is angularly acute and face is very pallid; head with the eyes in known 6d contiguous or subcontiguous above or only separated by front ocellus, with antennal joint 3 less markedly and rapidly broadened below near base, and if much broadened basally the apical part is more slender, pubescence is yellowish above and (or) first posterior cell is angularly acute apically; hypopygium of known g¢ with the ventral aedeagal process, if present, differently shaped . : : . 16. 16. (17) Pubescence on body predominantly dull whitish or creamy and creamy whitish, that below distinctly more whitish to chalky whitish, and that towards apical part of abdomen in g¢ also distinctly more whitish; abdomen with the reddish or yellowish red less extensive in both sexes, the reddish on sides less conspicuous and reddish hind margins in ¢¢ almost absent; head markedly broad and the eyes markedly large, especially in ¢g, with the interocular space in 99 broader and quite 24 times as broad as combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2, the eyes subcontiguous or almost touching in front of tubercle in gg, with the face relatively barer; wings with the first posterior cell even more attenuately acute apically and its apical stalk shorter or even very short, the cell being sometimes almost sessile; front tarsal joints in 92 not markedly thickened; hypopygium of ¢ (text-fig. 27) with the neck region of basal parts dilated and prominently produced, with a down- wardly directed spine on apical aspect of inner lobe (at base of apical joints), without a complicated ventral aedeagal process 3S & sessilis Bezz. (p. 166). 17. (16) Pubescence on body predominantly or entirely yellowish, sericeous to golden yellowish, that below only paler yellowish and, if more whitish, that above at least is distinctly yellowish and that towards apex of 62 Annals of the South African Museum. abdomen in known g¢ less whitish; abdomen with the pale yellowish red distinctly more extensive in both sexes, the reddish on sides of abdomen in both sexes very extensive and conspicuous, sometimes very broad even in 99 and the red hind margins of segments in jg usually broad and even pleurae in both sexes with more reddish; head not . conspicuously broad, and the eyes, if large, not broadening the head transversely, with the interocular space in 99 relative to antennal joints 1 and 2 much narrower and the space sometimes remarkably narrow, less than 24 times combined in length of joints 1 and 2, with the eyes in known gg even more contiguous or in subcontact in front of tubercle, with the face more densely haired; wings with the first posterior cell more rapidly acute apically, its apical stalk slightly or distinctly longer; front tarsal joints in QQ distinctly and markedly thickened; hypopygium of known $3 with the lower margin of neck region of basal parts not produced, and without a spine or apical aspect of inner margin or lobe and with different aedeagal structures : : «ESE 18. (19) Head with the eyes in both sexes moderately large, vith the face dis- tinctly longer, quite as long or longer than antennal joints 1 and 2 combined, with antennal joint 3 less broadened near base and less markedly slender in apical part and with the basal terminal element inconspicuous, with the interocular space in 99 very much broader, a little more than 2 times as broad as combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2, with the frons in 99 distinctly very much broader and normal, with the proboseis not visibly strigilose below; red on body, though extensively developed, less extensive on abdomen, the greater part of abdomen above in both sexes with much black and proboscis reddish below; pubescence on the whole deeper yellowish to golden and that on body below only paler yellowish, not whitish; wings with the discal cross vein only a little, or sometimes scarcely, beyond middle of discoidal cell and with the veins slightly paler yellowish or yellowish brown; hypopygium of ¢ (text-fig. 28) with a very complex ventral aedeagal process . : - 3d 2 mundus Lw. (p. 169). 19. (18) Head with the eyes nordanenbl tae in 2 at ae with the face much shorter, distinctly shorter than combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2, less spout-like prominent, with antennal joint 3 remarkably broad near base and then very rapidly narrowed to apex, the apical part very slender and with the basal element of terminal elements conical and more conspicuous, with the interocular space on vertex in 2 though nearly 3 times as broad as ocellar tubercle, remarkably narrow and only about subequal in length to combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2, with the frons thus almost abnormally narrow, with the proboscis distinctly and visibly strigilose below; red on abdomen even in 9 very extensively developed, the disc predominantly reddish yellow and the black reduced to a central row of triangular spots and the proboscis entirely black; pubescence pale yellowish above, becoming gleaming golden yellowish on abdomen, that on body below distinctly much paler and more chalky whitish; wings with the discal cross vein very much beyond middle, at apical third, of discoidal cell and the veins slightly darker and more brownish . ‘ , ; ‘ . | Q atronotatus n. sp. (p. 171). A Revision of the Bombylidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 63 20. (13) Wings with the first posterior cell distinctly less angularly acute apically, never sharply angularly and attenuately acute apically, always provided with a normally long stalk, this stalk being usually subequal or longer in length to rest of vein separating first posterior and second submarginal cells, with the vein between first and second posterier cells always tending to be slightly sinuous or bent up at its end where it joins the part of third longitudinal vein (M,+R,;) which separates off the second submarginal cell and with this latter vein always bent, or pulled, basalwards where vein between first and second posterior cells joins it : : 21. 21. (43) Abdomen above entirely black, and if hind margins tend to be reuidiah they are narrowly so and only on last few segments, with the rows of transverse bristles across hind margins of tegrites predominantly or entirely very dark yellowish brown, brownish to black, or at least with much darker bristles or numerous dark elements on some of the tergites laterally or towards the apex : : 2a 22. (23) Legs with the femora in both sexes re doiiinantly or extensively blackened; pubescence on body above comparatively very short and dense, that on thorax, especially in §g, with a shorn-off appearance, with the black bristly elements more densely and conspicuously present on post-alar calli, on scutellum, and especially across hind margins of segments where they are very conspicuous and dense, with these black bristles sometimes flanked on the basal side by reddish brown to orange brownish hairs, especially in 99; eyes in g¢ contiguous or in contact above for some distance at least subequal to ocellar tubercle; proboscis markedly long, about 5-8 mm. long; hypopygium of ¢ (text-fig. 29) with the ventral aedeagal process composed of 2 pointed projecting plates 5 - 3d 8 impurus Lw. (p. 173). 23. (22) Legs with the iniord sativaly or predotninantly yellowish, and if darkened then only so at extreme bases; pubescence on body above distinctly much longer, that on thorax above even in gg longer, more bushy or shaggy and without a closely cropped off appearance, with the black bristly elements or bristles across hind margins of abdomen less dense, less conspicuous, usually less numerous, and sometimes represented by - only a few laterally or ventro-laterally near apex and without any deep brownish or reddish brown hair flanking basal side of dark transverse bristles; eyes in gg separated above even if only narrowly; proboscis shorter and usually much shorter than 5 mm.; hypopygium of $$ without a ventral aedeagal process, and if with a process this is differently shaped. 24. 24. (42) Pubescence on the whole apparently shorter, not markedly shaggy on occiput and thorax, that on occiput and front part of thorax, when viewed from side, not so markedly gleaming sericeous or silky whitish and not contrasting collar-like with the more yellowish or whitish hair on rest of thorax above, and if whitish second longitudinal vein is rapidly bent up at end, with the bristly hairs or bristles on face and genae, on sides of thorax in front of wing-bases, on post-alar calli, and across hind margin of scutellum pale or coloured pale yellowish or whitish like rest of pubescence on these sites; wings with the second longitudinal vein distinctly or normally bent upwards at its end, i.e. almost at right angles 64 Annals of the South African Museum. or very rapidly; face and head below rarely black, and if darkened the wings are usually tinged mauvish brown or distinctly yellowish, and second longitudinal vein is more rapidly bent up at end . : ~| ADs 25. (30) Wings distinctly and sometimes deeply tinged reddish or mauvish brown, deeper and darker brownish or reddish brown towards costal and basal parts, especially in gg; face, head below, and basal parts of femora inclined to be darker and sometimes blackish; pubescence on body above usually deeper yellowish, more brownish yellow, and if paler and more creamy or creamy yellowish wings are at least tinged reddish or mauvish brown, that on body below, though paler than above, duller and not contrasting much with that above, that towards apex of abdomen in both sexes also more yellowish, and if inclining to be distinctly whitish wings are tinged reddish mauve; antennae with joint 1 longer, at least 4, or even more, times as long as 2 and sometimes darkened along upper part; eyes in gg separated above by a space about as broad as front part of ocellar tubercle or tubercle itself F 26. 26. (29) Pubescence on body above distinctly deeper welling to deep aolided yellowish, with a distinct brownish or reddish brown tint in certain lights, that on body below only paler yellowish not contrasting much with that above, that towards apex of abdomen in both sexes more yellowish; wings distinctly tinged deeper reddish or mauvish brown; antennal joint 1 slightly longer, usually slightly more than 4 times as long as 2; interocular space in gg broader, about as broad as ocellar tubercle or broad front part of tubercle : die 27. (28) Face and head below much darker, almost black or “pies femora, especially in g¢, distinctly darkened or blackened basally to about middle and with the coxae and trochanters also darker; pubescence tending to be darker and more brownish yellow, that on antennae and face also darker and more reddish brown, with the dark or black trans- verse bristles across abdomen darker and more conspicuous; antennae relatively shorter and joint 3 slightly more attenuated apically and less rod-like; wings in 99 apparently less tinged and less so than in fg 3 2 tinctipennis n. sp. var. thornei n. (p. 178). 28. (27) Face and head below paler and more yellowish or pallid; femora less ex- 29, (26 ) tensively darkened at bases in jg, almost entirely yellowish, the coxae and trochanters also paler and more obscurely reddish yellow; pubescence on the whole tending to be paler and that on antennae and face paler and more pale yellowish, with less dark or less conspicuously dark transverse bristles across abdomen; antennae apparently longer and with joint 3 more distinctly rod-like; wings in both sexes more equally and uniformly tinged reddish or mauvish brown . 3 §& tinctipennis n. sp. (p. 176). Pubescence on body above paler and more creamy yellowish and even paler in $4, that on body below distinctly very much paler and more distinctly whitish, contrasting with that above, that towards apical part of abdomen distinctly more whitish and in §¢ almost white; wings slightly less deeply reddish mauve; antennal joint 1 apparently slightly shorter and only about 4 times as long as 2; interocular space in gg narrower, about as broad as front ocellus or narrow front part of tubercle. 3 2 marginellus Bezz. (p. 180). A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 65 30. (25) Wings not distinctly tinged reddish mauvish or brownish mauvish, usually greyish hyaline or subopaquely greyish hyaline and when with yellowish brown, the tinge is only evident towards base; face, head below, coxae, and trochanters more yellowish, yellowish red to yellowish brown and if coxae and bases of femora are darkened the wings are not tinged; pubescence on body above much paler yellowish, creamy yellowish to whitish and even more so in certain lights, that on head in front also paler and sometimes more whitish, that on pleurae and even abdomen below paler, more distinctly whitish and contrasting with that above, that towards apex of abdomen also more whitish, especially in 63; antennae with joint | tending to be shorter, scarcely, or less than, 4 times as long as 2, and sometimes also tending to be entirely dark above; eyes in gg subcontiguous or contiguous above or separated only narrowly by breadth of front ocellus . : é erat, 31. (34) Body with the abdominal tergites 2-7 or at least 5-7 nariowly margined with reddish, tergite 7 being more broadly or even entirely reddish, with the sternites also distinctly margined with reddish, with the face and head below yellowish or pallid, and if dark in some gg the wings are subopaquely greyish hyaline or greyish hyaline, with the legs, including the coxae, entirely yellowish and with a tendency for a longitudinal reddish infusion on pleurae; wings vitreous hyaline or distinctly more ereyish or subopaquely greyish hyaline, having a distinct subopacity in some instances; pubescence on the whole paler, distinctly more sericeous whitish, especially on front part of thorax, that discally may be faintly yellowish sericeous, that on abdomen also paler even if yellowish, that on body below and basal part of venter on each side whiter and more frosty white, contrasting with the more oe sericeous whitish or yellowish pubescence above ; oe 32. (33) Abdomen with the narrow ae margins of alten 27 or a least 4-7 more distinctly and more conspicuously reddish, the last tergite in 99 sometimes entirely reddish, and the margins in §¢ also broader reddish and reddish on pleurae more conspicuous; wings distinctly clearer, with a much fainter whitish subopacity in certain lights, with fewer hairs above on middle vein at extreme base; pubescence with the trans- verse bristly elements across hind margins of tergites tending to be less dark, less conspicuous, more golden brownish, the darkest ones more evident towards apical part of abdomen; eyes in §¢ narrowly separated by width of front ocellus; hypopygium of 3 with the aedeagus slightly projecting apically beyond apices of basal parts, and with the beaked apical joints oe less hairy above and their apices less bent down- wards : : ; : 3d 2 imitator n. sp. (p. 185). 33. (32) Abdomen with the narrow hind margins of only tergites 5-7 very narrowly reddish, the last tergite in 99 less reddish, and with the reddish hind margins in gg even more obscure, and with the reddish on pleurae also more obscure; wings distinctly and more typically subopaquely greyish, showing a marked subopacity to whitish tint and with the hairs above on middle vein at base denser and more conspicuous; pubescence appearing paler and with the transverse bristly elements on abdomen above distinctly darker, denser, and more conspicuous even from tergite 2, 66 Annals of the South African Museum. appearing distinctly more dark brownish, even darker towards apical part and there more evidently pale-tipped; eyes in fg contiguous above in front of tubercle and narrower there than front ocellus; hypopygium of ¢ (text-fig. 34) with the aedeagus shorter and not reaching apices of basal parts and with the beaked apical joints provided with longer and denser hairs above, their apices slightly more bent downwards 3 2 fucatus Bezz. (p. 182). (ex labelled specimens.) 34. (31) Body with the abdomen above entirely black in both sexes and the venter also black or with only very narrow and obscure yellowish margins, with the face and head below darker or black, and if yellowish abdomen above is entirely black, with the coxae usually much darker or black and even extreme bases of femora also darkened, especially in gg, with the pleurae black, but if with reddish the red is more sutural; wings more distinctly tinged yellowish basally and costally, especially in gg, or even feebly reddish mauvish, a distinct subopaquely whitish tint not evident, and if with a slight subopacity abdomen is entirely black above; pubescence distinctly more creamy yellowish to golden yellowish, that on body below, though paler than above, not so vividly whitish and so contrasting with that above, and, if contrastingly white, abdomen above is entirely black tenes ; , : 3 ; : 35 gd oi 99 35. (38) Eyes in 3g narrowly separated by width of broad front ocellus or anterior part of ocellar tubercle; head below not entirely black, but yellowish anteriorly; pubescence with the pale or whitish hair on head below and on pleural parts less extensive, that on pectus and coxae less white and more straw-coloured than across pleurae, that on thorax above apparently slightly longer, that on face and first antennal joints less deeply yellowish and with the transverse black or dark bristly elements on abdomen above more distinctly developed, more conspicuous, and present at least on sides of tergites 2 to apex; wings with the yellowish tinge towards base less evident, or wings may have a slight reddish mauvish tinge and with the discal cross vein much beyond middle of discoidal cell . : : . 36. 36. (37) Pubescence on body above distinctly deeper and more golden yellowish, 37. (36 — that on abdomen above even more golden, that on venter also more yellowish; coxae, trochanters, and bases of femora, of which at least basal halves of front ones, black, and hind femora with about 7-8 spines below; wings with the veins darker brownish . ¢ turneri n. sp. (p. 179). Pubescence on body above distinctly much paler, more creamy yellowish, that on abdomen above much paler and even becoming more whitish towards apex, that on venter more whitish; coxae more reddish, ana only the extreme bases of femora darkened, and hind femora with only about 6 spines below; wings with the veins paler reddish brown 3 marginellus Bezz. (p. 180). 38. (35) Eyes in gg contiguous or subcontiguous in front of ocellar tubercle, the space very slightly narrower than front ocellus and very much narrower than front part of tubercle; head below entirely black; pubescence with the hair on head below, on pleurae, coxae, and on each side of venter - A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 67 basally extensively frosty white, that on thorax above slightly shorter and less shaggy, that on face and first antennal joints more deeply and more golden yellowish and with the transverse dark or blackish bristly elements on abdomen above fewer, inconspicuous, and usually only represented apically; wings with the yellowish tinge more pronounced and with the discal cross vein at about the middle of the discoidal cell 39. 39. (40) Claws distinctly more rapidly bent down, almost at right angles, near apex, the pulvilli reaching bent down apices of claws; head with the face distinctly shorter, subequal in length to combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2 and the face also darker; pubescence predominantly golden to deep golden yellowish above, that on abdomen golden yellowish and scarcely paler towards apex, with the transverse bristles on abdomen with more numerous dark ones on sides and towards apex, the pubes- cence on thorax in front more sericeous yellowish; hypopygium (text- OTS 7) as : ; : . 6 rXteroglaenus n. sp. (p. 190). 40. (39) Claws distinctly more sraictially and arcuately curved, the pulvilli not reaching bent-down apices of claws; head with the face distinctly longer and more prominent, longer than combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2, and the face also more extensively paler; pubescence on the whole paler, that on front part of thorax more sericeous whitish, and that on abdomen, especially towards apical part, distinctly very much paler and almost whitish, with the transverse bristles across abdomen with fewer or even without any darkish ones on sides and apically; hypopygium (text-fig. 36) . : : 3 pseudopsis n. sp. (p. 188). 41. (41) Wings feebly tinged redial mauve and with a slight subopacity; pubes- cence creamy yellowish above, more whitish below, that towards apical part of abdomen slightly paler than on rest of body above, with the transverse bristly elements across hind margins of tergites dark reddish brown to dark brownish; face and head below darkish yellowish brown and brownish, and the coxae and legs yellowish 2 marginellus Bezz. (p. 180). 42. (24) Pubescence on the whole more shaggy anteriorly on thorax and on occiput, especially in gg, markedly and more conspicuously gleaming silvery or silky whitish, contrasting more collar-like with the more yellowish pubescence on rest of thorax, with the bristles on face and genae, on sides of thorax in front of wings, on post-alar calli and across hind margin of scutellum darker, more brownish, or blackish brown, their bases even distinctly darker; wings with the second longitudinal vein only gradually bending upwards at its end, thus distinctly less sinuous at its end; face and head below entirely black 3 2 meltoni n. sp. (p. 191). 43. (21) Abdomen above either with distinctly more red on sides or across hind margins or without any red, with the rows of transverse bristles across hind margins, where present, entirely pale, whitish, yellowish, or golden like the rest of pubescence on abdomen, no very dark or blackish bristly elements being present 3 : ; . 44, 44. (77) Abdomen above entirely black, not lieeimstly eee niedously or extensively red or reddish on sides and without reddish hind margins to tergites in 68 Annals of the South African Museum. both sexes, and if red is present above it is obscure or confined to apical parts ; ‘ : : : A : : 5 : 45 gd A 99 45. (62) Eyes in fg contiguous, subcontiguous, just touching or almost in contact above in front of ocellar tubercle, and if very ea separated not broader than width of front ocellus. : . 46. 46. (55) Femora distinctly blackened at bases, to near riddle or beyortl middle and with even the greater part of hind ones sometimes blackened; face, head below, and entire antennae black or darkish, and if antennal joint 1 is reddish bases of femora are darkened, with the scutellum also less extensively reddish, the greater part of base tending to be dark or blackish . : 5 . 47. 47. (50) Femora more pr ionsively binekened 6 beyond micidle ande even hind ones are blackened, only the apical parts of femora yellowish; claws distinctly more rapidly bent down, almost at right angles, at apex, and the pulvilli more developed and reaching the bent apices of claws; antennal joint 3 more spindle-shaped; eyes tending to be in actual contact; hypopygium with the apical joints shorter and broader, not slender and elongate, more leaf-shaped from a dorsal view and with a ventral aedeagal process below aedeagus ; . 48. 48. (49) Pubescence distinctly much shorter, not shinuer « on thorax above but with a cropped-off appearance, very pale sericeous yellowish above, that on body below more whitish, that on disc of thorax and scutellum deeper sericeous yellowish; scutellum with the hinder half of disc reddish, and sides of abdomen with red; head with antennal joint 1 much shorter and less than 2 times as long as joint 2, with joint 3 slightly broader in basal half and more rapidly attenuated apically, spindle-shaped, with the proboscis more distinctly finely strigilose below; wings slightly broader especially towards base, with the basal comb well developed and with the first posterior cell tending to be more acute apically; hind femora with about 8 spines below; hypopygium (text-fig. 48) with the ventral aedeagal process in form of an apically projecting lobe below aedeagus; larger form, about 8 mm. long and with a wing-length of about 8 mm. 3 muscoides n. sp. (p. 217) (where red is obscure on abdomen.) 49. (48) Pubescence distinctly longer, distinctly longer and more shaggy on thorax above and on abdomen, straw-coloured yellowish and with slight sericeous gleams, that on body below, though paler than above, not so contrasting whitish, that on occiput distinctly more whitish; scutellum predomi- nantly black and with a scarcely perceptible rufous tint across hind border and sides of abdomen entirely black; head with antennal joint 1 longer and at least 2 times as long as joint 2, with joint 3 slightly less broadened basally and less rapidly attenuated apically, the apical part thus less slender, with the proboscis not visibly finely strigilose below; wings slightly narrower, with the basal comb very poorly developed and with the first posterior cell normal apically; hind femora with only about 3 or 4 more slender spines below in apical half; hypopygium (text-fig. 39) with the ventral aedeagal process in form of a broad, flattened, vertical, lamellar plate on each side, converging apically; A Revision of the Bombyliudae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 69 smaller species, about 6 mm. long and with a wing-length of about 64mm. . : 3 kaokoénsis n. sp. (p. 193). 50. (47) Femora less Seiensively Hlaekeved and only at bases or in basal halves of front and middle ones, the hind ones being entirely yellowish or only obscurely darkened at extreme bases; claws distinctly less rapidly curved down apically, more gradually curving down to apex and apparently more slender, with the pulvilli also more slender, and though reaching middle of claws and even extending slightly beyond middle, they are actually shorter and do not touch the apices of claws; antennal joint 3 more rod-like; eyes above more contiguous or subcontiguous or touching for a shorter distance or narrowly separated by front ocellus; hypopygium with the apical joints distinctly elongate, narrow, and slender and without a ventral aedeagal process below aedeagus 51. 51. (52) Head with the face distinctly longer and more conically prominent, longer than combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2, the facé also more pallid, with the proboscis more distinctly yellowish below; pubes- cence with that on face on the whole denser, that on disc of thorax and on each side above wings and on scutellum scarcely with sericeous yellowish gleams; slightly larger and more bulky form, about 84 mm. long and with a wing-length of about 8 mm.; hypopygium (text-fig. 36) 3 pseudopsis n. sp. (p. 188). 52. (51) Head with the face distinctly shorter and less prominent, shorter or only subequal in length to combined antennal joints 1 and 2, the face entirely | black, with the proboscis also entirely black or with more obscure reddish basally below; pubescence with that on face shorter and sparser, that on disc of thorax and on each side above wings and on scutellum with slightly more distinct sericeous yellowish gleams in certain lights; slightly smaller forms, about 54-64 mm. long and with a wing-length of about 53-74 mm. ; : 5 G8 53. (54) Wings more distinctly tinged wallow in oaetall stud basal parts, with the basal comb more strongly developed, with the second longitudinal vein distinctly more gradually and less rapidly bent upwards at its end, with the discal cross vein distinctly beyond middle of discoidal cell; head with antennal joint 1 predominantly reddish, only darkened above, with joint 3 more broadened basally, less rod-like, with the proboscis longer, about 34 mm. long and tending to be obscurely reddish below at base; pubescence slightly shorter at least on thorax discally, very pale yellowish sericeous on thorax, more whitish in front, that on scutellum and abdomen above distinctly deeper sericeous yellowish to pale golden, the bristly elements more gleaming golden and on sides even more golden, that on body below whitish; legs with the femora only darkened or blackened at extreme bases; larger form about 6} mm. long and with a wing-length of about 74 mm.; hypopygium (text-fig. 40) & anomalus n. sp. (p. 196). 54. (53) Wings more subopaquely whitish in basal and costal parts, with the basal comb very poorly developed, with the second longitudinal vein distinctly more rapidly, almost at right angles, bent up at its end, with the discal cross vein at about, or even just before, middle of discoidal cell; head with antennal joint 1 entirely black, with joint 3 distinctly VOL. XXXIV. 6 2 70 Annals of the South African Museum. more rod-like, only gradually thickened basally, with the proboscis shorter, only about 24 mm. long and entirely black; pubescence slightly more shaggy and longer, predominantly straw-coloured yellowish above, appearing more sericeous whitish on thorax in front, that on abdomen above less yellowish golden and the bristly elements not deeply gleaming golden, that on body below also whitish but less contrasting with that above; legs with the front and middle femora blackened to near, or about, the middle and even hind ones darkened at extreme bases; smaller form, about 53 mm. long and with a wing-length of about 54 mm. 3 extraneus n. sp. (p. 195). 55. (46) Femora entirely yellow; face, head below, and antennal joint 1, and to a certain extent 2, and in some cases even 3, yellowish or yellowish red, with the proboscis below usually also more extensively reddish and with the scutellum more extensively and almost predominantly reddish, the base or basal part more narrowly black : : : : . 56. 56. (61) Claws distinctly more gradually curving down to apices, narrower basally when viewed from side and slightly longer, with the pulvilli on the whole less developed, more slender, and scarcely reaching middle of claws; hind femora with more than 6 spines below; head with the face distinctly longer, distinctly and sometimes very much longer than combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2, with antennal joint 3 and to a certain extent 2 black, with the proboscis below basally distinctly more extensively reddish; wings with a more distinctly yellowish tinge in costal and basal parts, including first and second basal cells, and if not distinctly tinged the veins at least are darker brownish or reddish brown; pubescence becoming distinctly paler and more whitish towards apex of abdomen above and venter, that on thorax in front from in front tending to be more gleaming sericeous whitish in certain lights than sericeous yellowish, and that on body below also appearing more whitish in certain lights; hypopygium (text-figs. 35, 41, and 43) with the beaked apical joints distinctly much longer and relatively more slender : » aoe 57. (60) Smaller forms, about 7-9 mm. long and with a wing-length of about 8-9 mm., less bulky in appearance; legs with the claws slightly shorter and distinctly more curved and with the pulvilli tending to be longer and at least reaching middle of claws, with only about 9 spines on hind femora below and without any spines on front ones below; head with the proboscis shorter, less than 5 mm. long, with antennal joint 3 relatively shorter, less rapidly attenuated apically; pubescence distinctly longer and not so obviously cropped off in appearance on thorax, that on first antennal joints and face distinctly longer and less sericeous whitish, that on abdomen above distinctly more shaggy and relatively longer and on the whole sparser, that on body above, though also appearing yellowish, less creamy yellowish, and that on sides of abdomen basally less distinctly yellowish, and that in front of wings also less deeply yellowish in certain lights; wings with the veins more dark brownish, and with the second longitudinal vein more rapidly bent up at its end, and with the basal comb slightly less developed; abdominal tergite 1 entirely black, like the other tergites . : : , ; , ; : ; . Ber 58. (59) Head with the face much longer, more conically prominent, with antennal A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 71 joint 1 distinctly longer and quite 3 times as long as joint 2, with joint 3 thicker and more spindle-shaped, broadest just before middle; wings broader, more distinctly and more extensively tinged yellowish in basal two-thirds, with the discal cross vein at about the middle of discoidal cell, the discoidal cell itself more truncate apically; pubescence paler and more sericeous whitish above in certain lights, that on body below distinctly more contrasting in whiteness with that above, there being no yellowish or darkish bristly elements on coxae, that on face and genae longer, denser, and gleaming deeper ochreous to orange golden; larger form, about 9 mm. long, with a wing-length of about 9 mm.; hypopygium (text-fig. 35) é ‘ 3 Barta sp. (p. 187). 59. (58) Head with the face very saith SfoRtie® not tending to be conically pro- duced, with antennal joint ] shorter, only a very little longer than 2 times as long as 2, with joint 3 distinctly more slender, gradually thickened basally; wings narrower, vitreous hyaline and with only the costal cell, first basal cell, base and alula subopaquely very pale yellowish, with the discal cross vein distinctly beyond middle of discoidal cell and the latter less truncate apically; pubescence distinctly yellower and more sericeous yellowish above, that on body below with only whitish hair on head below and across middle parts of pleurae, less contrastingly whitish, that on coxae more straw-coloured yellowish and with intermixed darkish bristly elements, that on face and genae shorter, sparser, much paler and more gleaming pale sericeous yellowish; smaller form, about 7 mm. long and with a wing-length of about 8 mm.; hypopygium (text-fig. 41) : : : : 3 Aibiniandss 4 sp. (p. 198). 60. (57) Larger and more bulky species, Bout 10-11 mm. long, with a wing- length of about 10-11 mm.; legs with the claws slightly longer and even less curved and with the pulvilli rather shorter, not, or scarcely, reaching middle of claws, with about 9-14 spines on hind femora below and also with 1-3 spines on front ones below; head with the proboscis longer, about 5-53 mm. long, with antennal joint 3 relatively longer, distinctly more rapidly attenuated apically; pubescence distinctly shorter, that on thorax above denser and with a short cropped-off appearance, that on antennal joint 1 and on face shorter and more sericeous whitish, that on abdomen above denser and shorter, creamy yellowish on body above, that below more whitish, that on sides of abdomen basally more ochreous yellowish in certain lights, and that in front of wings also deeper yellowish; wings with the veins more reddish brown, and with the second longitudinal vein rather less rapidly bent up at its end, and with the basal comb more strongly developed; abdominal tergite 1 sometimes distinctly reddened or reddish on sides; hypopygium (text-fig. 43) : : ‘ ‘ ‘ 3 karooénsis n. sp. (p. 201). (Syn. =ruficeps Bezz. nec Macq.) 61. (56) Claws distinctly and obviously more rapidly bent down, almost at right angles, apically, distinctly broader at bases in profile, with the pulvilli on the whole more developed, slightly broader, and at least reaching or even extending beyond middle of claws; hind femora with only about 4-6 spines below; head with the face distinctly much shorter and scarcely as long as combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2, with antennal 72 Annals of the South African Museum. joints 2 and 3 yellowish like joint 1, with the proboscis entirely black or less extensively yellowish below basally; wings glassy hyaline, with only the costal cell and base subopaquely almost whitish, with the veins paler and more yellowish or pale yellowish brown; pubescence more uniformly sericeous yellowish above, that towards apex of abdomen not, or scarcely, paler, that on thorax in front more gleaming sericeous yellowish, that on body below becoming almost imperceptibly paler and more whitish than on body above and upper parts of pleurae; hypo- pygium (text-fig. 42) with the beaked apical joints distinctly much shorter and relatively broader. : do xanthocerus Bezz. (p. 200). 62. (45) Eyes in $¢ distinctly more broadly separated by width of broad front part of ocellar tubercle or by the tubercle itself, thus much broader than width of front ocellus . ; : : é : : . 63. 63. (66) Wings more hyaline, only tinged very pale yellowish or more subopaquely whitish yellowish in costal cell and base or in basal two-thirds, not brownish or reddish mauve, and rest of wing more hyaline, the veins also less dark, with the discal cross vein only a little beyond middle of discoidal cell; legs with the femora entirely yellowish, with the claws more distinctly and rapidly curved down, almost at right angles, nearer apex, and the pulvilli reaching bent-down apices of claws; head with the face shorter, not convexly prominent and scarcely longer than combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2, with antennal joint 1 shorter, scarcely 4, or even shorter than 3, times as long as 2, predominantly reddish, with the proboscis more yellowish at base below; pubescence on the whole very much paler above, with more sericeous whitish or very pale sericeous yellowish gleams in certain lights, that towards apical part of abdomen, distinctly more whitish, that on body below also paler and more whitish, that on first antennal joints, face, occiput, and thorax in front on the whole shorter and less bushy or shaggy, with the transverse bristly elements on abdomen above very pale like rest of pubescence; hypo- pygium (text-figs. 44 and 45) without any ventral process below aedeagus 64. 64. (65) Wings more elongate, more distinctly and more deeply tinged yellowish or pale yellowish brown in costal and basal two-thirds, with the basal comb more strongly developed; pubescence with more sericeous yellowish gleams on thorax, that on abdomen on each side basally with a more yellowish tint, that on pleurae appearing distinctly paler than that above, with distinct macrochaetal bristles in front of wings; head with antennal joint 1 relatively shorter and not quite 3 times as long as 2, also slightly stouter, with joint 3 stouter and relatively shorter, with the proboscis more extensively yellowish below; hypopygium (text- fig. 45) with the beaked apical joints slightly more bent downwards apically and the basal strut broader; larger form, about 6-7 mm., with a wing-length of about 74-8 mm. . ; . & simulans n. sp. (p. 208). 65. (64) Wings comparatively shorter, almost entirely glassy hyaline, only the costal cell, first basal cell, and base very faintly tinged subopaquely whitish yellowish, and with the basal comb feeble; pubescence slightly denser, on entire body distinctly more gleaming sericeous whitish and that on body below only duller whitish than above, not very much paler A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 73 and without any visible macrochaetal bristles in front of wings; head with antennal joint 1 slightly more slender and relatively longer, tending to be 34, or even a little more, times as long as 2, with joint 3 more slender and apparently longer and more rod-like, with the proboscis less distinctly reddish below basally; hypopygium (text-fig. 44) with the beaked apical joints slightly less rapidly bent downwards apically and with the basal strut smallerand narrower . ¢ aemulusn. sp. (p. 204). 66. (63) Wings distinctly and sometimes quite darkly tinged brownish or brownish 67. ( = i mauve to even reddish mauve, the costal and basal part distinctly darker and more brownish, with the veins darker and with the discal cross vein very much beyond middle of discoidal cell; legs with the bases or basal halves of front and middle femora darkened or blackened, with the claws more gradually and arcuately curved, and the pulvilli less developed, shortish or just falling short of middle of claws; head with the face, in profile, longer and more convexly rounded, distinctly longer than combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2, with antennal joint 1 almost black, only brownish below, longer and quite 4, or even a little more, times as long as 2, with the proboscis entirely black; pubescence distinctly more yellowish, deeper sericeous yellowish, golden yellowish to even slightly brownish golden above in certain lights, that on abdomen also distinctly more pale to deep golden, that on body below more straw- coloured yellowish to even yellowish, that on antennae, face, genae, occiput, and thorax in front more shaggy or bushy, with the transverse bristly elements across abdomen above also deeper yellowish, sometimes tending to be more brownish golden; hypopygium (text-fig. 30, a and 6) with a distinct and prominent ventral aedeagal process below aedeagus in form of a vertical, flattened, shell-like plate on each side, which converges and coalesces apically . S tinctipennis n. sp. (p. 176). 4) Claws distinctly more rapidly curved down, almost at right angles and nearer apex, with the pulvilli slightly more developed and reaching bent down apices of claws; head with the face distinctly shorter or at least subequal in length to combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2; wings glassy hyaline, with the costal cell, basal half of first basal cell, and base very pale, only subopaquely whitish and yellowish whitish, with the basal comb very poorly developed and sometimes almost vestigial; pubescence predominantly very pale, straw-coloured whitish, almost sericeous whitish to pale sericeous yellowish above, and whitish or almost white below, with the macrochaetal elements in front of wings wanting or not strongly developed and the transverse bristles across abdomen on the whole not very much differentiated; smaller forms, about 5-6; mm. long and with a wing-length of about 6-7 mm. . . 68. 68. (73) Head with antennal joint 3, and to a certain extent 2, lack. with 3 more rod-like or, if thickened, not tending to be spindle-shaped and not appearing humped above just before middle, with the face much longer or at least relatively longer, with the proboscis shorter, about 2-2} mm. long; pubescence more whitish or paler, gleaming sericeous whitish to very pale sericeous yellowish above, that towards apex of abdomen also paler and more whitish, that on body below on the whole more whitish, the pubescence above longer and more shaggy; abdomen with the hind 74 Annals of the South African Museum. margins of sternites scarcely, or only very narrowly, yellowish, and the hind margins of last few tergites not yellowish, and if tending to be yellowish pubescence is very pale and antennal joint 3 is black; wings with the second longitudinal vein tending to be more rapidly bent up at itsend . d 2 ; :. “60: 69. (72) Head with antennal joint 1 iqnges about or opie 31 4 times as long as 2, more slender, with joint 3 distinctly more slender and rod-like, tapering apically, with the proboscis slightly less stout and more distinctly reddish below at base, with the face and head below more pallid or yellowish; pubescence on face, first antennal joints, occiput and thorax in front distinctly longer and more bushy and on face also denser, that above more gleaming sericeous whitish becoming more sericeous whitish towards apex of abdomen; abdomen with the hind margins of the tergites black, like rest of abdomen above, but last tergite may be yellowish apically 70. 70. (71) Pubescence on sides of thorax in front of wings and on upper part of mesopleuron and that on sides of abdomen straw-coloured yellowish and with sericeous gleams like rest of pubescence, that on sides of frons anteriorly, on first antennal joints and face above very pale sericeous yellowish; pleurae predominantly dark; wings with the veins paler and more yellowish brown; thorax slightly more convex, appearing almost subglobular . : : ; . 2 aemulus n. sp. (p. 204). 71. (70) Pubescence on sides of thier on upper part of mesopleuron in front of 72. (69 ) wings and that on sides of abdomen with a more distinct and deeper yellowish tint, that on antennae, front part of frons and on face above also deeper and even more pale golden; pleurae tending to have more reddish above coxae; wings with the veins darker and more dark brown; thorax less convexly prominent discally . : 2 montivagus n. sp. (p. 206). Head with antennal joint 1 distinctly shorter and only about 24 times as long as 2, relatively stouter, with joint 3 distinctly very much stouter, broadest near base and then only gradually narrowed apically, with the proboscis also relatively stouter and entirely black, with the face and head below darker or at least more obscurely yellowish; pubescence on head, occiput, and thorax in front distinctly shorter, tending to have a cropped appearance, not shaggy and bushy, and that on face sparser, that on body above gleaming more pale lemon yellowish, not paler apically on abdomen; abdomen with the hind margins of the last few tergites very narrowly pallid, and extreme sides of tergites below also distinctly pallid ; 2 damarensis n. sp. (p. 207). 73. (68) Head with antennal joint 3 and. “ais joint 2 yellowish or pale reddish yellow, and with joint 1 yellowish, with joint 3 not rod-like, tending to be spindle-shaped, broadest just before middle, narrowed apically and to a lesser extent basally, appearing humped above, due to the fact that lower margin is more straight, with the face distinctly and relatively much shorter, with the proboscis very much longer, 34-4 mm.; pubes- cence very much shorter and with a more shorn off appearance on thorax, not shaggy, distinctly deeper yellowish and gleaming sericeous to golden yellowish above, not paler towards apex of abdomen, that on body below only slightly paler than above, not contrastingly white; abdomen with A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 75 the hind margins of sternites distinctly more broadly yellowish and the hind margins of tergites 4-7 more distinctly yellowish; wings with the second. egos vein tending to be more gradually bent up at its end . : : : Q xanthocerus Bezz. (p. 200). 74. (67) Claws siatinotlye more sect and more arcuately curved, with the pulvilli tending to be less developed and shorter, just reaching the middle of claws but not extending to their apices; head with the face distinctly longer, more produced and longer than combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2; wings more greyish hyaline, and with the base, first basal cell, and costal cell more distinctly yellowish or wings are distinctly and even deeply tinged reddish or brownish mauve, the base and costal parts being darker, with the basal comb more strongly developed; pubescence above predominantly deeper yellowish, deeper golden yellowish, even tinted brownish or reddish golden in certain lights, that below only paler yellowish but not sericeous or frosty whitish or contrasting much with that above, with the macrochaetal bristles in front of wings more strongly developed and more conspicuous, and the transverse bristles across abdomen stouter, more conspicuous, and some- times slightly darker reddish golden than rest of pubescence; larger forms, about 7-11 mm. long, bulkier and with a wing-length of about 8-11 mm. . 75. 75. (76) Wings greyish fe alidies eaithy only ‘hte bases first Waka dail aid sostall cell subopaquely yellowish, with the veins reddish yellow or pale reddish brownish; head with the face slightly shorter, less convex, with antennal joint 1 much shorter, only about 2, or a little more, times as long as 2, with joint 3 broadened basally and tapering apically, with the proboscis longer, about 5-54 mm. long; scutellum predominantly reddish, and sides of tergite 1 usually also reddish; pubescence distinctly shorter, that on thorax above with a shorn off appearance, that on abdomen relatively very much shorter and not shaggy, the bristly elements across hind margins of tergites denser and shorter and rest of pubescence on abdomen above shorter than bristles and sparse, pale golden to deep golden above, the transverse bristles not tending to be very dark; legs with 1-3 spines on front femora and with about 9-14 spines on hind ones below, with the claws tending to be slightly longer and less curved and the pulvilli slightly shorter; larger and more bulky species, about 10-11 mm. long and with a wing-length of about 10-11 mm. Q karooénsis n. sp. (p. 201). 76. (75) Wings distinctly and sometimes very deeply tinged reddish mauvish or brownish mauvish, the costal and basal parts being darker, with the veins darker reddish brown; head with the face longer and more characteristically convex above, with antennal joint 1 much longer, quite 4, or even a little more, times as long as 2, with 3 more rod-like, less thickened basally and slightly more curved, with the proboscis on the whole shorter, about 34-44 mm. long; scutellum with a broadish basal triangular black spot and the hind margin blackish and with the abdomen entirely black; pubescence longer and distinctly more shaggy, that on abdomen much longer and more shaggy or bushy, the bristly elements across abdomen, especially towards apex, very long, and rest 76 Annals of the South African Museum. of pubescence, in form of erect hairs, also long and denser, also golden to very deep golden above, sometimes even brownish or reddish golden, the transverse bristles tending to be deeper reddish golden, inclining even to brownish; legs without any spines on front femora below and with about 6-12 spines on hind ones below, with the claws tending to be more curved; less bulky species, about 7-943 mm. long and with a wing- length of about 8-10} mm. ; ; 2 tunctipennis n. sp. (p. 176). 77. (44) Abdomen above not entirely black, with distinct or sometimes broad red or reddish on sides or with much more distinct or broader reddish hind margins to tergites even discally or the entire abdomen may be predominantly muddy yellowish or brownish ‘ : 78. 78. (115) Integument of body not reddish brown or muddy brown, aml oats abdomen not muddy brown or reddish brown; wings not with a distinct whitish subopacity . . 1nge 79. (84) Pubescence with characteristic, Spartin! snipes coarse, ee: crinkly, curly or markedly woolly, matted, non-gleaming, frosty white hair on occiput, thorax in front and on sides, on pleurae and on abdomen, denser and more conspicuous on abdomen in gg, with the bristly hairs and bristles on occiput, thorax and sides of thorax, on scutellum and across hind margins of abdomen in 99 and to a certain extent on scutellum and across abdomen in g¢ conspicuously gleaming, either deep golden to reddish golden or silvery whitish and contrasting very much with the non-gleaming crinkly white pubescence; wings with a distinct, though sometimes faint, blackish or dark spot-like infuscation on apical cross veins of basal cells and sometimes also at base of vein between sub- marginal cells and across basal fork of second and third longitudinal veins ; , -) (30; 80. (81) Femora entirely cellopauie in bore SEXES ; tage pallid or vellomaae and antennal joint 1 paler and more distinctly yellowish; abdomen with comparatively broad reddish hind margins on tergites 2-6; wings with the veins paler . 3 ; ; 3 2 auriferus n. sp. (p. 210). 81. (80) Femora blackened at baten extensively blackened or almost entirely black and even the tibiae sometimes darkened above; face darker and sometimes very dark blackish brown and the antennae entirely dark or black; abdomen with the hind margins of tergites more narrowly reddish or only those of 3-6 reddish or feebly reddish; wings with the veins darker ‘ 3 82. 2. (83) Femora predouinnitlsy piace caly fae apices yellowish fe Hiteee yellowish, the spines on legs yellowish; scutellum predominantly reddish; pubescence with the bristly elements on frons, antennae and face brownish golden, those on disc of thorax and scutellum gleaming deep golden or reddish golden and those transversely across tergites pale golden, the bristly hairs on coxae pale golden; wings with the black spots very conspicuous; antennal joint 1 slightly longer, about, or a little more than, 3 times as long as2 . . GQ auriferus var. nigripes n. (p. 211). 83. (82) Femora with the front and middle ones blackened only in basal halves, the hind ones entirely blackened, with the tibiae and tarsi also much darkened or blackened above, the hind tarsi almost entirely dark, the spines on legs whitish; scutellum predominantly black or dark, only A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 77 reddish across hind margin; pubescence with the bristly elements on occiput, frons, antennae and face gleaming white, those on disc of thorax and abdomen gleaming white, the bristly hairs on coxae sericeous whitish; wings with the dark spots tending to be less distinct; antennal joint 1 slightly shorter, about 3 times as long as 2 2 auriferus var. melanus n. (p. 212). 84. (79) Pubescence without such characteristic, dense, matted, crinkly, non- gleaming hairs on body above, whitish hair if present not crinkly or woolly but more gleaming sericeous, with the bristly hairs and bristles on body not gleaming golden or almost silvery whitish and not vividly contrasting with the rest of the pubescence and, if gleaming golden, without any background of dull frosty white crinkly pubescence; wings without any distinct spot-like infuscations on the cross veins or other veins : - : : : : : : : : S08 85. (102) Abdomen with the red more poorly developed, more inconspicuous, only obscurely present on sides or narrowly across hind margins of last 2 or 3tergites . : ; ] ‘ . f86 33 \96 99 86. (89) Eyes distinctly and fairly broadly or more broadly separated above by width of broad front ocellus or front part of tubercle or by the tubercle itself; pubescence longer and more shaggy, that on thorax without a distinct cropped off appearance and that on abdomen longer; last few tergites more distinctly margined with red . ; : : 5) kes 87. (88) Smaller form, about 6-8 mm. long, with a wing-length of about 6-8 mm.; head with the upper facets of eyes not markedly coarse, with the proboscis much shorter, only about 3 mm. long; wings more hyaline and only slightly subopaquely yellowish whitish at base, costal cell, and first basal cell, not distinctly tinged yellowish in basal two-thirds and with the basal comb less developed; pubescence predominantly whitish, more sericeous whitish above, that on face and antennae also whitish, that on abdomen towards apex with a pale sericeous yellowish sheen, with the transverse bristly elements across abdomen, especially on sides towards apex, darker and more reddish or brownish; legs with about 6-8 spines below on hind femora, with the claws more gradually and arcuately curved and the pulvilli slightly less developed . . & mitator n. sp. (p. 185). 88. (87) Larger and bulkier species, about 10 mm. long and with a wing-length of about 9 mm.; head with the upper facets of eyes rather markedly coarse and the eyes rather large, with the proboscis much longer, about 53 mm. long; wings with the basal two-thirds distinctly tinged yellowish, the base and costal cell more subopaquely yellowish and with the basal comb distinctly larger; pubescence distinctly more gleaming sericeous yellowish above, that on antennae and face also more sericeous yellowish, that on abdomen on the whole more sericeous yellowish, that on body below distinctly more contrasting in whiteness with that above, with the transverse bristly elements on abdomen not tending to be darker than rest of pubescence; legs with about 11 spines below on hind femora, with the claws distinctly more rapidly bent down, almost at right angles, apically and the pulvilli slightly longer; hypopygium (text-fig. 46) 3 latipectus n. sp. (p. 212). 78 Annals of the South African Museum. 89. (86) Eyes contiguous or subcontiguous above, touching or almost touching in front of ocellar tubercle, and if very narrowly or almost linearly separated the inner margins of eyes are contiguous or subcontiguous and space is narrower than width of front ocellus; pubescence distinctly much shorter and with a cropped or shorn-off appearance on thorax, and that on abdomen distinctly shorter and less shaggy; last few tergites discally without or scarcely with reddish hind margins, but sides may be sometimes distinctly reddish , 4 3 : : OO, 90. (93) Femora distinctly blackened at bases or even more extensively to beyond middle; head with the antennae entirely dark or black and joint 3 more spindle-shaped, the face very dark or black and with the proboscis entirely black and its labial part more distinctly and finely strigilose; wings with the second longitudinal vein more rapidly bent up, almost at right angles, at its end, with the first posterior cell tending to be more angularly acute apically; abdomen with the reddish on sides, though sometimes obscure, more developed; hypopygium with the beaked apical joints less elongate and less narrowish : : rae ile 91. (90) Femora more extensively blackened to beyond middle and sdmee entire hind ones also black, the hind ones with about 7-8 spines below; head with the eyes in actual contact or touching at a point a little distance in front of tubercle and with the inner margins then rapidly diverging apically, with antennal joint 3 more rapidly attenuate and slender beyond. broadest part just before middle, with the proboscis shorter and about 33 mm. long, with the face slightly longer, more or less subequal in length to combined antennal joints 1 and 2; wings with the discal cross vein only just beyond middle of discoidal cell; pubescence on body below more distinctly and more contrastingly whitish than the sericeous yellowish pubescence above; abdomen with the reddish on sides of tergites 2 and 3 more evident; hypopygium (text-fig. 48) with a distinct apically projecting lobe-like process below aedeagus dS muscoides n. sp. (p. 217). 92. (90) Femora with only the front and middle ones distinctly darkened to near middle, the hind ones predominantly or almost entirely yellowish and with about 10 spines below; head with the eyes linearly separated, the space narrower than the front ocellus, the space really formed by con- tiguous inner margins and about as long as ocellar tubercle before diverging apically, with antennal joint 3 less rapidly attenuate and thicker beyond broader part just before middle, with the proboscis slightly longer and about 4 mm. long, with the face relatively much shorter and shorter than combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2; wings with the discal cross vein much beyond middle of discoidal cell; pubescence on body below duller and more straw-coloured, becoming gradually more yellowish towards upper part of pleurae and merging into the sericeous yellowish pubescence above; abdomen with the reddish on sides more obscure, more evident on sides apically; hypopygium (text-fig. 47) without a distinct ventral aedeagal process 3 mermis n. sp. (p. 214). 93. (90) Femora entirely yellowish; head with antennal joint 1 and sometimes ‘ 2 and 3 paler and yellowish, and joint 3 less spindle-shaped, the face, 94. A Revision of the Bombylidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 79 head below, and basal part of proboscis below pale and yellowish or pallid, the labial part of proboscis not visibly strigilose; wings with the second longitudinal vein more gradually curved up at its end and with the first posterior cell less obviously acute apically; abdomen almost without any red on sides; hypopygium with the beaked apical joints distinctly longer and sometimes very elongate and narrowish . cue: (95) Smaller form, about 64-7 mm. long and with a wing-length of about 6-7 mm., less bulky; head with the face very short and even shorter than combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2, with the antennae entirely yellowish, joint 3 being reddish yellow and less slenderly attenuated apically, appearing more humped above before middle, with the proboscis shorter and only about 33-4 mm. long and more black below; wings with the basal comb much feebler, the discal cross vein nearer middle of discoidal cell, the base, costal cell, and first basal cell more subopaquely whitish yellowish and the veins paler; pubescence slightly more yellowish above, that towards apex of abdomen not very much paler, that on body below only slightly paler and more straw- coloured than above; legs with the front femora unarmed and with only about 4—6 spines on hind ones below, with the claws distinctly more rapidly bent down, almost at right angles, near apex, and the pulvilli reaching bent down apices; abdomen, if with reddish only so along extreme sides of venter below; hypopygium (text-fig. 42) with the beaked apical joints very much shorter and less elongate 3g xanthocerus Bezz. (p. 200). 95. (94) Larger and bulkier form, about 10-11 mm. long, with a wing-length of about 10-11 mm.; head with the face longer, more prominent, much longer than combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2, with antennal joints 2 and 3 black, joint 3 more slenderly attenuated apically and not so obviously humped above, the proboscis longer and about 5-54 mm. long and more yellowish below; wings with the basal comb more strongly and conspicuously developed, the discal cross vein much beyond middle of discoidal cell, with the base, costal cell, and first basal cell more yellowish and the veins more reddish brown; pubescence slightly or tending to be paler, more creamy yellowish above, that in front of wings and on sides of abdomen more ochreous or deeper yellowish in certain lights, that towards apical part distinctly gleaming paler and more sericeous whitish, that on pectus and body low more distinctly whitish; legs with about 1-3 spines on front femora below and about 9-14 spines on hind ones below, with the claws more slender, distinctly more gradually and more arcuately curved, and with the pulvilli scarcely, or about, reaching middle of claws; abdomen with the sides of tergite 1 sometimes reddish; hypopygium (text-fig. 43) with the beaked apical joints very elongate, slender, and narrow . y ‘ 3 3d karooénsis n. sp. (p. 201). (Syn. = ruficeps Bezz. nec Macq.) 96. (99) Claws distinctly more gradually or more arcuately curved, with the pulvilli on the whole less developed, scarcely reaching, or just extending beyond, middle of claws; head with the face relatively longer and slightly or much longer than combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2, with the proboscis more extensively or distinctly reddish below, with the 80 Annals of the South African Museum. interocular space on vertex relatively broader and distinctly more than 2 times the combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2; wings with the basal comb larger and more developed; pubescence with the bristly elements across hind margins of abdomen tending to be darker, either deeper golden or more brownish, ope at their bases, than the rest of the pubescence ; Oi 97. (98) Smaller and less bulky species, about 6-8 mm. ise atl wath a wing- length of about 6-8 mm.; pubescence distinctly much longer and more shaggy, especially on abdomen, that on thorax above without a cropped- off appearance, distinctly paler, sericeous whitish to pale sericeous yellowish above, that on abdomen paler even if yellowish, that below more markedly whitish and contrasting even with that above, with the bristly transverse elements on abdomen tending to be markedly or even conspicuously darker and more brownish especially towards apical part of abdomen; abdomen with the hind margins of tergites 3 or 4-6 reddish and tergite 7 almost entirely reddish and a longitudinal band across pleurae also reddish, the margins of tergites 5 and 6 usually more broadly reddish; proboscis shorter than 5 mm.; hind femora with only about 6-8 spines below ; ; . & tmitator n. sp. (p. 185). 98. (97) Larger and bulkier species, about 10-11 mm. long and with a wing- length of about 10-11 mm.; pubescence distinctly much shorter and less shaggy, that on disc of thorax with a shorn off appearance and that on abdomen very much shorter, not bushy or shaggy, distinctly more yellowish to even deep golden yellowish above and even deeper yellowish in front of wings and on sides of abdomen, not much paler apically, that on body below, though paler, not so frosty white and not contrasting markedly with that above, being more creamy whitish or yellowish, with the transverse bristly elements on abdomen shorter, denser, and gleaming golden, only their apices more gleaming sericeous whitish, the rest of pubescence on abdomen above shorter than bristly elements; abdomen practically with only the hind margins of tergites 6 and 7 and sometimes sides of tergite 1 reddish and the pleurae more diffusely reddish and more so on sternopleuron; proboscis longer, about 5-54 mm. long; hind femora with more numerous spines, about 9-14, below 2 karooénsis n. sp. (p. 201). 99. (96) Claws distinctly more rapidly bent down, almost at right angles, nearer apex, with the pulvilli longer and just reaching bent down apices of claws; head with the face relatively shorter and subequal to or distinctly shorter to combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2, with the proboscis entirely black or only obscurely reddish below at extreme base, with the interocular space distinctly relatively narrower, only about 2, or distinctly much less, times combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2; wings with the basal comb much reduced; pubescence with the bristly elements across hind margins of tergites not deeper eiagt than rest of pubescence . . 100. 100. (101) Head with antennal its 2 said 3 blacte with sinh 3 ok very spindle- shaped, broadened basally and gradually narrowed apically, the apical part not very slender, with the proboscis shorter, less than 3 mm. long, with the face only yellowish in front; scutellum with a large triangular A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 81 black spot basally, the hind margins of last few tergites and those of sternites more narrowly yellowish or pallid, the extreme sides of tergites below also pallid; wings with the second longitudinal vein distinctly more rapidly curved up at its end, almost at right angles; pubescence distinctly paler above, very pale lemon yellowish and with sericeous gleams to almost whitish sericeous, that on body below scarcely paler than above, that on antennal joint 1 and face shorter and sparser; hind femora with only about 4 spines below in apical half Q damarensis n. sp. (p. 207). 101. (100) Head with all the antennal joints yellowish, joint 3 more reddish yellow, somewhat spindle-shaped, more attenuated apically and appearing somewhat humped above at broadest part just before middle, with the proboscis longer, about 33-4 mm. long and sometimes slightly reddened below at extreme base, with the entire face and head below pallid; scutellum entirely or predominantly yellowish and with the hind margins of last few tergites and the hind margins of sternites more broadly yellowish; wings with the second longitudinal vein less rapidly curved up at end; pubescence more yellowish to golden yellowish above, that on pleurae creamy or very pale yellowish and towards pectus thus distinctly paler than above, that on antennae and face denser and longer; hind femora with about 4—6 spines from just before middle to apex below : ; 2 xanthocerus Bezz. (p. 200). 102. (85) Abdomen with the ‘ed very coaupianonsly and extensively developed, especially in $g, and also very broadly and conspicuously across hind margins of most of the tergites and on sides in 99, the abdomen being almost entirely or predominantly red in some cases : é if 103. 3d (107. 29 103. (106) Head with the eyes contiguous or in contact above in front of ocellar tubercle for a short distance, with antennal joint | distinctly shorter, only about 2, or a very little more, times as long as 2, not much dark- ened; pubescence much paler, very pale sericeous yellowish or gleaming sericeous whitish above, that on abdomen also paler or with much paler sericeous gleams, that on body below also markedly frosty whitish, that on antennae and face sericeous whitish; abdomen with the reddish hind margins of tergites also discally more developed; legs with the femora darkened or blackened at bases or even to beyond middle, or at least distinctly dark at extreme bases . : . 104. 104. (105) Head with antennal joint 1 shorter, seamealy 2 cds as fate as 2, with joint 2 longer than broad, with 3 almost spindle-shaped, broadest just before middle, then rapidly attenuated apically, with the face relatively shorter, with the eyes in contact above for a distance nearly as long as tubercle, with the proboscis about 3-3} mm. long and visibly finely strigilose below; pubescence more uniformly sericeous whitish to pale sericeous yellowish above; abdomen with the red on sides of tergites 2 and 3 much broader; wings with the first posterior cell distinctly more angularly acute apically; legs with the femora more extensively darkened or blackened to middle or even much beyond middle, and even hind femora may be extensively blackened, with the claws distinctly more rapidly bent down, almost at right angles, nearer apex, and with the 82 Annals of the South African Museum. pulvilli longer and reaching bent apices of claws; hypopygium (text- fig. 48) with the beaked apical joints distinctly shorter, broader, and more leaf-shaped, with a distinct lobe-like process below aedeagus 3 muscoides n. sp. (p. 217). (Some forms of it.) 105. (104) Head with antennal joint 1 longer, a little more than 2 times as long as joint 2, with 2 transverse, not elongate, with 3 not spindle-shaped, only gradually broadened basally, more rod-like, with the face distinctly longer, with the eyes in contact for a shorter distance in front of tubercle, with the proboscis longer, about 33-43 mm., and not visibly strigilose below; pubescence sericeous whitish on occiput and thorax above, becoming distinctly more creamy yellowish to gleaming sericeous yellowish on abdomen and scutellum, the bristly elements on scutellum and abdomen more gleaming golden yellowish, that on body below also whitish ; abdomen with the hind margins reddish, broadened on sides but not very broad on sides of tergites 2 and 3; wings with the first posterior cell normal apically; legs with the femora almost entirely yellowish, only the extreme bases of front and middle ones slightly darkened, with the claws distinctly more gradually or arcuately curved, and with the pulvilli not reaching bent down apices of claws; hypopygium (text- fig. 50) with the beaked apical joints elongate and narrowish and without any process below aedeagus : : 3S pruinosulus n. sp. (p. 224). 106. (103) Head with the eyes separated above by width of front part of ocellar tubercle, with antennal joint 1 distinctly longer, about 3-4 times as long as 2, more darkened or even blackened above; pubescence distinctly more yellowish, pale golden to deep golden yellowish above, that on ab- domen also deep golden yellowish and with more golden gleams, that on body below only a little paler yellowish or straw-coloured yellowish and not frosty whitish, that on venter even very pale sericeous yellowish in some specimens, that on antennae and face gleaming golden yellowish; abdomen with the hind margins of tergites discally not reddish or more narrowly and inconspicuously reddish, only distinctly reddish on sides or even broadly reddish on sides; oe entirely yellowish; hypopygium (text-fig. 49) . : : : 3 paterculus Walk. (p. 220). 107. (112) Head with the interocular space distinctly narrower, subequal to, or LO8. only a little broader than, length of antennal joint 3, not 14 times as long, with the frons thus also narrower, with antennal joint 1 shorter, only about 2 times as long as 2, relatively thicker, with 2 slightly less transverse and usually longer than broad, with joint 3 distinctly more spindle-shaped, broadest just before middle, slightly narrowed basally and more rapidly apically, sometimes appearing slightly humped above at broadest part; wings with a tendency for first posterior cell to be more acute apically; abdomen with the red on sides usually more extensively developed, and if less developed interocular space at least is narrower; front tarsi tending to be more thickened, and if not interocular space is narrow. ‘ : : . LOB: (109) Red on body more conspic aie ne echansitely daseloneds present as a large diffuse spot on each side of vertex on anterior part of frons, antennal joints 1 and 2, the entire face and head below, greater part of _A Revision of the Bombyludae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 83 proboscis below, on the humeral part and even sides of thorax, on the post-alar calli, the greater part of scutellum, almost the entire pleurae, on the hind margins of all the tergites very broadly, the entire sides of abdomen, and even entire apical half of abdomen above, and almost the entire venter; wings with the discal cross vein at about middle or much nearer middle of discoidal cell, and with the basal comb very small; legs with only about 4—5 spines on hind femora below, with the front tarsal joints not markedly thickened; proboscis not so visibly strigilose below 2 rufescens n. sp. (p. 216). 109. (108) Red on body not so extensively developed, not present on all these sites, and not to the same conspicuous extent on abdomen or on pleurae, much black being present on pleurae and abdomen, and frons almost entirely black; wings with the discal cross vein distinctly, or even much, beyond middle of discoidal cell and the basal comb larger; legs with more than 5 spines on hind femora below, with the front tarsal joints remarkably and conspicuously thickened; aaa distinctly more visibly and finely strigilose below : : «L10: 110. (111) Head with the interocular space slightly narrower, clayey less than 2 times combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2, with the frons thus _ narrower and inner margins of eyes almost subparallel, with antennal joint 3 distinctly more spindle-shaped and more rapidly attenuated apically, with the proboscis more visibly strigilose below and only about 3 mm. long, with the face tending to be only reddish anteriorly; abdomen with the red or reddish less extensively developed, that on sides, even if conspicuous, less broad and not broadly quadrate, and the hind margins tending to be less broadly red, and pleurae with less red; wings with a distinct tendency for first posterior cell to be more distinctly or markedly angularly acute apically; pubescence on the whole tending to be paler above, very pale sericeous yellowish, and with even more whitish sericeous gleams in some specimens, that on body below apparently whiter to frosty whitish; hind femora with about 7—9 spines below 2 muscoides n. sp. (p. 217). 111. (110) Head with the interocular space relatively broader, quite 2 times combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2, the frons thus slightly broader and the inner margins of eyes slightly more diverging anteriorly, with antennal joint 3 slightly less spindle-shaped and slightly less rapidly narrowed apically, with the proboscis apparently even more finely strigilose below and about 34-44 mm. long, with the face more extensively yellowish or reddish; abdomen with the red on sides very extensively and broadly developed, a broad more or less quadrangular salmon red or reddish patch on each side of tergites 2-4 being conspicuous and extending even discally, and the reddish hind margins discally also sometimes tending to be broader and also with more red on pleurae; wings with the first posterior cell on the whole less angularly acute apically and sometimes even normal; pubescence on the whole deeper yellowish sericeous or golden yellowish above, that on pleurae also more straw-coloured, less markedly white; hind femora with about 8-12 spines below ‘ ; . & transitus n. sp. (p. 222). 112. (107) Head with the site noaulae space distinctly broader, distinctly much 84 Annals of the South African Museum. broader than length of antennal joint 3, at least 1} times as long, with the frons thus much broader, with antennal joint 1 distinctly longer, about 23-3, or even a little more, times as long as 2, with 2 more transverse and not longer than broad, with joint 3 not spindle-shaped, more rod- like, tapering gradually from a broadened base; wings with the first posterior cell more normally obtuse apically; abdomen with the red on sides, though sometimes broadish, tending to be less extensively developed, only the hind margins on sides of tergites being broader than discally; front tarsi less markedly thickened : : ALI3. 113. (114) Claws distinctly more rapidly bent down, almost ot right angles, nearer apex, the pulvilli appearing longer; pubescence on body above distinctly more yellowish, golden yellowish to deep golden yellowish, that on frons, antennae, and face distinctly more golden yellowish, that on pleurae and pectus more straw-coloured yellowish to pale creamy yellowish; red on abdomen, especially on sides, across hind margins -broader and more extensive, with a longitudinal reddish band along pleurae, and to a certain extent lower part of mesopleuron is also reddish, with the scutellum almost entirely reddish; wings with the veins darker and more dark brownish and the basal comb smaller; smaller species, less bulky, about 5-8 mm. long and with a wing-length of about 54-8 mm. 2 paterculus Walk. (p. 220). 114. (113) Claws distinctly more gradually or arcuately curved, the pulvilli 115. appearing shorter; pubescence distinctly paler and gleaming more sericeous whitish on occiput and thorax above, even that on abdomen gleaming more whitish or very pale sericeous yellowish in certain lights, the depressed hair-like scaling and fine pubescence on abdomen above whitish, the transverse bristles more golden but their apices gleaming more whitish, pubescence on frons, face and antennae gleaming more sericeous whitish but with paler yellowish tints, that on body below distinctly more frosty whitish, especially on head below and pectus; red on hind margins of tergites not conspicuously broadened on sides, the red on sides thus less extensive, the red on pleurae absent or much reduced, and the scutellum with a much broader black base; wings with the veins more reddish or yellowish brown and on the whole paler, with the basal comb larger; slightly larger and more bulky species, about 8-9 mm. long and with a wing-length of about 8-9 mm. 2 pruinosulus n. sp. (p. 224). (78) Integument of body reddish brown or muddy brown and entire abdomen muddy brown, reddish brown to ochreous or sienna brownish; wings with a distinct subopacity and whitish tint . ; ; . 116. 116. (117) Larger and bulkier species, about 10 mm. long and ait a wing-length of about 9 mm.; legs with denser and longer hairs on femora, with more numerous, about 14-16, spines on hind femora below, with the claws more slender, distinctly more gradually and arcuately curved, the pulvilli distinctly shorter and not reaching apices of claws; head with the eyes very narrowly separated above in g by a space as wide as front ocellus, with the face distinctly longer and more prominent, much longer than combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2, with joint 3 more rod-like, tapering to apex, the basal element of terminal style longer and more Me _A Revision of the Bombylidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 85 developed, with the proboscis longer, about 5 mm. long; pubescence distinctly paler and more sericeous whitish on thorax in front, becoming very faintly and feebly pale sericeous yellowish discally and on scutellum, that on abdomen more sericeous whitish, the elements transversely across hind margins tinted slightly pale yellowish in certain lights, the pubescence on mesopleuron almost lemon yellowish, that on body below also more or less gleaming sericeous whitish, the metapleural tuft, hair on coxae, and on head below tending to be more contrastingly whitish; wings on the whole with a more distinct whitish subopacity, and the first posterior cell not tending to be angularly acute apically; entire body sienna or muddy brownish, the thorax more reddish brownish, without any conspicuous ivory whitish or yellowish hind margins to tergites; hypopygium (text-fig. 51) with the beaked apical joints elongate and narrow, without any process below aedeagus 3 pallescens n. sp. (p. 226). 117. (116) Smaller and less bulky species, about 7-8 mm. long and with a wing- length of about 7 mm.; legs with sparser and shorter hairs on femora below in gd, with fewer and only about 3-4 slender spines below on hind femora, with the claws distinctly more rapidly bent down, almost at right angles, nearer apex, the pulvilli distinctly longer and reaching bent-down apices of claws; head with the eyes in gg contiguous above for a short distance in front of tubercle, with the face much shorter, less prominent, slightly shorter than combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2, with joint 3 more spindle-shaped, broadest just before middle, narrowed basally and more rapidly narrowed apically, with the terminal basal element of style small, with the proboscis shorter and only about 2-24 mm. long; pubescence distinctly more yellowish or sericeous yellowish above, even in gg, that towards apex of abdomen in gg tending to become more creamy yellowish, more sericeous yellowish or golden in 99, that below in both sexes very pale, straw-coloured whitish to yellowish and even on pectus less markedly whitish; wings with a feebler whitish subopacity and with the first posterior cell tending to be angularly acute apically, especially in gg; abdomen and scutellum more reddish brown, and rest of body slightly darker brownish and with conspicuous ivory whitish hind margins on tergites which become slightly broader apically and on sides and with the extreme sides of tergites pallid; hypopygium of ¢ (text-fig. 52) with the beaked apical joints very much shorter, broader, and more leaf-shaped, with a distinct medial, lobe-like process ventrally below aedeagus . & & annuliventris n. sp. (p. 228). D. (A) Pubescence on body more conspicuous, much longer, even markedly long, giving the insects a markedly shaggy, bushy, puff-like, or brush-like appearance, that on abdomen markedly long and shaggy, that on sides and apical parts shaggy or tuft-like, that on first antennal joints, face, and especially on lower parts of genae long and bushy and usually with very conspicuous, long, stoutish bristles or bristly elements, the pubes- cence on thorax rarely not shaggy, with the bristles on abdomen long, stout, and usually very conspicuous and those on thorax also well developed; wings with the discoidal cell usually distinctly more truncate apically, the apical cross vein being long, more often with an extensive VOL. XXXIV. 7 86 Annals of the South African Museum. pattern of dark infuscations, large spots, or with a system of spots or distinct spot-like infuscations on cross veins and along or on other veins, the wings sometimes appearing mottled and, if without extensive in- fuscations, the cross veins are at least spotted and pubescence on body is long and very shaggy, with the squamal fringe usually longer and with distinct stiffer bristly elements and with the basal comb strongly developed; eyes in gd always separated above by at least width of ocellar tubercle and sometimes by a space distinctly broader than tubercle, with the upper facets of eyes scarcely, or only slightly, coarser than lower ones; frons in 99 more convex and usually without a distinct depression; antennal joint 3 usually longer, more distinctly and markedly attenuated apically, rod-like in only a few species; legs with the claws less curved, less markedly sickle-shaped, often almost straight or at least straighter, and with the pulvilli poorly developed and confined to base of claws in 99, scarcely reaching middle of claws in majority of gg, long in only a few gd and even entirely absent in some g¢ and 99; hypopygium of 3g with the beaked apical joints usually shorter, com- paratively very much broadened basally, more often leaf-shaped, almost always distinctly and deeply foveately depressed above, rarely elongate. 1. (Group 3.) 1. (66) Wings more infuscated, mottled, or extensively spotted, or if more hyaline with more distinct and more conspicuous spots or spot-like infuscations on cross veins of basal cells, at fork of second and third longitudinal veins, at bases of veins between discoidal and third posterior cells and between submarginal cells, on apical cross vein of discoidal cell, and sometimes at apex of first posterior cell or even near ends of other veins in posterior part of wings, with the discal cross vein distinctly beyond or much beyond middle of discoidal cell, and if at about middle wings are extensively spotted; head with distinctly longer, more numerous, and more conspicuous bristles, those on antennal joint 1 below long and conspicuous, usually very much longer than the joint, with more numerous and longer bristles on face in front, on genae and with a brush or tuft of more numerous, longer, and more conspicuous ones on lower parts of genae, with antennal joint 1 thickened, incrassate, or even barrel or sub-barrel shaped, and if slender with at least long bristles or with more numerous bristles on face and genae, with antennal joint 3 usually more slender, with a more slender apical part or half, rarely rod-shaped, and if so with joint 1 incrassate or with more and longer bristles on joint 1; general pubescence on body longer, more shaggy or bushy, appearing less fine, that on abdomen usually longer, more recumbent, more bushy, and with longer bristles, the pubescence not tending to be erect and puff-like on abdomen, that on squamal fringe longer and with distinct, more numerous and longer intermixed bristles or bristly elements; scutellum black in majority, red or reddish in only a few; pulvilli in fg extending beyond, reaching middle or just falling short of middle of claws and much reduced and confined to base of claws in 29, rarely very vestigial or almost absent in both sexes, and when vestigial antennal joint | is incrassate and bristles on face and genae are well developed, with the claws usually less slender and more curved , ; othe "1 A Revision of the Bombyliudae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 87 2. (23) Wings with the anterior half up to end of costal cell, or end of marginal cell, darkly infuscated yellowish brown, reddish brown, brownish to very dark blackish brown or black, with this infuscation distinctly well marked off or sharply marked off and delimited from posterior hyaline or more hyaline part, without any conspicuous, large, rounded spots in apical and posterior part, or without smaller, but outstanding and contrasting spots on cross veins and bases of other veins in posterior part, and when such spots are present they are situated along hind border of infuscated anterior part or are only present as inconspicuous infuscations along some of the posterior veins and are fewer, smaller, and less outstanding . ; : Soe 3. (16) Wings with the anterior aituacatod pane sien pales aiid when dark, then with more brownish, not markedly very dark brownish black or black, with the darker infuscations or spots on apical cross veins of second basal and discoidal cells faint or at least not conspicuous and contrasting and rarely with a distinct infuscation at base of second submarginal — cell, thus without 3 large conspicuous, outstanding, rounded black spots along hind border of the anterior infuscated part, without an infuscation at end of vein between submarginal cells, also without distinct, small, rounded spots on veins in posterior hyaline part, these, when present, very indistinct and in form of slight infuscations along some of the veins; pubescence on body predominantly pale sericeous yellowish or whitish, pale yellowish or ochreous or even reddish, but with much yellowish, brownish yellow to brownish golden hair intermixed on head and thorax, with the bristles on lower parts of genae entirely whitish, yellowish, pale reddish brown or reddish, and usually without any black bristles on upper parts of genae; claws, in g¢ at least, comparatively shorter, with the apices not rapidly bent downwards, and with the pulvilli shorter, scarcely or just reaching the middle of claws, but not extending much beyond middle; hypopygium of gg with a prominent rim below at base of aedeagus, but without a central carinate, ploughshare-like process below aedeagus . . 4, 4. (9) Legs entirely yellowish, the femora soaréoiy demkenieal acalliys black bristly hairs or bristles on body less developed and less conspicuous, the head without any black bristles on frons, antennae, and sides of face, or with only a few and inconspicuous intermixed ones, and with the black bristles and hairs towards apex and sides of abdomen and on venter absent or distinctly less developed and less conspicuous, with the basal comb also predominantly or entirely yellowish, ochreous, or reddish 5. 5. (6) Bristles on occiput, frons, on antennae, face, on genae, thorax above and laterally, on pleurae, in metapleural tuft, on scutellum and on abdomen above, on coxae as well as the hairs in more or less 3 stripes on thorax predominantly or entirely cadmium red to almost scarlet red, giving the front part of body a red or purplish red appearance; pubescence on thorax in ¢ at least shorter and with a shorn-off appearance; wings with the anterior infuscated part more uniformly opaquely ochreous or reddish, without the upper part in basal half of first basal cell or the costal cell being paler yellowish white or opaquely whitish, with the 88 Annals of the South African Museum. infuscations on cross veins fainter and less distinct, with the basal comb distinctly smaller and the squamae fringed with much reddish hair 3 2 purpureus Bezz. (p. 231). 6. (5) All these bristles whitish, pale sericeous yellowish or ochreous yellowish like rest of the hair and, when 3 stripes are present on thorax, they are com- posed of brownish, ochreous, or slightly orange golden pubescence; pubescence on thorax, even in 4, distinctly longer, with a less shorn-off appearance; wings with the anterior infuscated part more yellowish or yellowish brown, not uniform, but with a distinctly paler, pale yellowish white or opaquely whitish, elongated spot along upper basal part of first basal cell, with the infuscations on cross veins distinctly darker and more conspicuous, with the basal comb yellowish or ochreous yellow and more developed, and the squamae fringed with whitish or ochreous yellowish hair : ; > ie 7. (8) Pubescence on body predomianely aehioele Fellow to oohnon golden, more creamy on abdomen in 3, with the stouter bristles on head and antennae entirely yellowish or brownish yellow, without black ones, with distinctly fewer and often without any conspicuous black hairs and bristles ventrolaterally towards apex of abdomen and on sides in both sexes; antennal joint 3, especially in 2, broadest just before middle, more rapidly narrowed apically and with only about the apical third slender; proboscis shorter, about 4-44 mm. long; wings with the infuscated part more yellowish, the opaquely whitish spot in first basal cell less conspicuous, with the basal comb more ochreous and without any very dark or black intermixed spines, with the squamal fringe creamy yellowish to yellowish; halteres with paler and more yellowish knobs; hind femora with fewer spines, about 7-9, below; hypopygium of ¢ (text-fig.54) . : ; 5 3S 2 darling: n. sp. (p. 233). 8. (7) Pubescence on body predgaeman i very pale sericeous yellowish, even on abdomen of 3, and, if ochreous hairs are present, they are not predominant over entire body, with that on propleurae distinctly more sericeous whitish, with the stouter bristles on head and antennae having a few or even a large number of black intermixed ones, with the black ones towards apex of abdomen, even in g, distinctly more numerous and conspicuous; antennal joint 3 in both sexes slightly longer, broadest much before middle or even near base, then distinctly more gradually attenuated apically, the apical slender part also being much longer, quite half, or even more, the length of joint; proboscis distinctly longer, longer than 44 mm.; wings with the anterior infuscation tending to be more pale brownish yellow, with the whitish opaque spot in first basal cell more evident, with the basal comb usually more yellowish and often with darker and even black spines, with the squamal fringe either entirely whitish or in part creamy yellowish; halteres with more brownish or brown knobs; hind femora usually with more than 9 spines below; hypopygium of ¢ (text-fig. 53). ; : 3 2 micans F. (p. 230). 9. (4) Legs with the femora always darkened below or basally, even extensively to beyond middle; black bristly hairs or bristles on body more numerous, more developed, and always more conspicuous, the head always with more numerous and conspicuous black bristles on frons, antennae and face A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 89 or sides of face, with the black bristly hairs or bristles on abdomen laterally towards apex and on venter below always conspicuously developed, those laterally towards apex appearing tuft-like, with the basal comb entirely or predominantly black . : - 0: 10. (11) Antennal joint 3 broadest much before middle and nearer ae eae there very gradually attenuated apically, the apical slender part being very long, even in 9; wings with the anterior infuscation scarcely extending beyond end of costal cell or only very slightly, with the greater part of the apical part of marginal cell entirely hyaline, without any distinct infuscations along veins in posterior hyaline part, especially at bases of second submarginal and third posterior cells, and with the elongated whitish opaque spot at bases of first and second basal cells and even in the costal cell more conspicuously evident and visible; pubescence on body above more gleaming and resplendent, sericeous whitish to yellowish, with the 3 stripes of golden brownish hair on thorax, in 2 especially, more conspicuous and more enhanced by the silvery stripes separating them; larger and often distinctly more bulky species, ranging from 10-15 mm. in length and with a wing-length of about 10-16 mm. 3 2 hypoleucus Wied. (And its numerous forms) (p. 232). 11. (10) Antennal joint 3 broadest at about middle or even before middle, especially in 99, from there more rapidly narrowed apically, the apical third or fourth being very slender; wings with the anterior infuscation always extending distinctly beyond costal cell, even to end of marginal cell, only the extreme apical part of this latter cell being more or less hyaline, often with some distinct, though feeble, infuscations in posterior part and always with a slight, or even distinct, infuscation at bases of second submarginal and third posterior cells, and with the whitish or yellowish white opaque spots at bases of first and second basal cells or in costal cell less conspicuous or even scarcely evident; pubescence on body above duller in appearance, less resplendent or gleaming, but also whitish yellowish to yellow, with the 3 darker stripes on thorax less conspicuously visible and the rest of the hair on thorax less resplendent; smaller and on the whole less bulky species, with an average length of ee less than 11 mm. and with a wing-length of about 53-11 mm. _ « EZ. 12. (13) Pubescence predominantly yellowish to golden yellowish, cee in 3 stripes on thorax golden, only the sides gleaming more sericeous whitish, that on sides of thorax in front of wings fulvous to orange golden, that on abdomen above pale yellowish sericeous in 4, slightly more golden in 9, with the stouter bristles on head and even on genae (excepting the black ones on frons, antennae, and sides of face), and on thorax more distinctly yellowish, some on sides of thorax in Q brownish, with the bristly hairs on upper parts of pleurae, in metapleural tuft and on lower parts of pleurae, coxae, sides of abdomen and venter below golden, only the middle part above front coxae, the head below and often upper part of metapleural tuft white-haired, with the black hair laterally below on abdomen and on sides posteriorly more extensive and more conspicuous; wings distinctly broader, with the infuscated part more reddish brown, with the bases of first basal and costal cells less 90 Annals of the South African Museum. whitish opaque; antennal joint 3 slightly longer and, in 9 especially, with the apical part more slender, shorter, and more rapidly attenuated ; femora less extensively blackened, only at bases or in basal halves; hypopygium of ¢ (text-fig. 56); slightly bulkier and more compact species. ’ : 3 2 melanurus Lw. (p. 236). 13. (12) Pubescence, font ude, preddininantly whitish or sericeous whitish to 14. (15 15. (14 ) ~— very pale sericeous yellowish, that on thorax above pale golden to brownish golden, that on sides of thorax very pale yellowish or brownish, not orange golden, the bristles there being reddish brown or pale yellowish, that on abdomen paler or straw-coloured yellowish or slightly yellowish sericeous, not deeply golden, with yellowish reflections in 9, in certain lights, with the bristles on head, excluding black ones, those on thorax and scutellum whitish or much paler yellowish or darker brownish to reddish brown, with the hair on pleurae, those intermixed on sides of abdomen basally more extensively or even entirely whitish, with the bristly hairs on coxae straw-coloured yellowish or brownish, not golden, and lower part of metapleural tuft straw-coloured yellowish or brownish, with the black hair on abdomen slightly less extensive and less con- Spicuous; wings distinctly narrower and more elongate, with the infusca- tion either very pale yellowish brown or very dark, almost blackish brown, without a reddish tinge, less uniform, but with the whitish or pale yellowish white opaque spot in first basal cell and costal cell more evident or even very distinct and often with the infuscation at bases of second submarginal and third posterior cells more distinct; antennal joint 3 distinctly shorter and in 29 with the slender apical part slightly longer; femora distinctly more extensively blackened, almost entirely so or to very much beyond middle; hypopygium of g¢ (text-fig. 55); slightly narrower and more elongate and on the whole smaller species 14. Pubescence on body appearing paler, with the bristles. paler, more whitish to pale yellowish, those on occiput, thorax, sides of thorax, in lower part of metapleural tuft and on coxae straw-coloured yellowish to very pale yellowish, with comparatively fewer black bristles on frons, antennae, and sides of face, those on genae always pale or even whitish, with the hair on abdomen in 2 gleaming pale yellowish sericeous or even whitish in certain lights; wings with the anterior infuscation paler and often more yellowish brown, with the apical part of marginal cell more ex- tensively hyaline, with the infuscations at bases of second submarginal and third posterior cells less distinct, often scarcely visible, with a tendency for first posterior cell to be narrow, elongate, and much longer than second posterior cell; antennal joint 3 in 9 at least with a tendency for the slender apical part to be slightly longer 3 2 hirtus Lw. (p. 235). (Western forms.) Pubescence on body appearing darker, but actually also predominantly sericeous whitish, but with the bristles on front part of body reddish brown, golden brown to brownish, those on occiput, thorax and especially on sides of thorax, in lower part of metapleural tuft and on coxae reddish brown to brownish, with distinctly more numerous and more extensive ~ A Revision of the Bombyludae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 91 black bristles on frons, antennae, and sides of face, those on genae always with some brownish tipped ones or pale reddish brown intermixed ones, the hair on abdomen in 9 with a more bronzy or brownish golden sheen in certain lights; wings with the anterior infuscation much darker, very dark blackish brown, also more extensive in apical part of marginal cell, often occupying entire apex and with more distinct infuscations at bases of second submarginal and third posterior cells and often also along apical cross vein of discoidal cell, with the first posterior cell usually broader and shorter, subequal to or only slightly longer than second posterior cell; antennal joint 3 in 9 at least with the slender apical part less slender and slightly shorter . - 6 2 hrrius Lw. s. str. (p. 235). (Eastern forms.) 16. (3) Wings with the anterior infuscation or infuscated part much darker, very dark blackish brown to blackish, with the spots on apical cross veins of second basal and discoidal cells and at base of second submarginal cell much darker, larger, more rounded and more conspicuous, prominently visible as a row of 3 conspicuous spots along hind border of anterior infuscation, usually with a distinct infuscation at apex of vein separating submarginal cells, rarely without more distinct and more rounded, small spots on veins in posterior part of wing or at least on some of these; pubescence on body predominantly white, with a silvery whitish sheen, but with numerous dark or black bristles on front part and much black hair on abdomen below, with the bristles on lower part of genae more often with a few black intermixed ones and always with some black bristly hairs along its upper parts; claws, in g¢ at least, comparatively very elongate, their apices more rapidly bent downwards and with the pulvilli much longer, extending to much beyond middle of claws; hypo- pygium of g¢ with a distinct, central, ventral, carinate process below aedeagus in its basal half, often projecting forwards like a ploughshare Lie 17. (22) Spines on legs distinctly very dark blackish brown or black; pubescence discally on thorax with numerous and often conspicuous dark or brownish hairs, with the stout bristles on abdomen above darker, dark brownish, reddish brown to black, though some towards the apex may also be paler and more yellowish, with the pubescence on venter yellowish or brownish yellow, with very little white and with the black hair on sides of abdomen and at apex distinctly denser and more conspicuous, with the hair just above wing-bases, especially in 2, more often yellowish to brownish yellow; wings without any black spots in posterior part or with only 2 or 3 comparatively small ones at apex of first posterior cell and at bases of second and third posterior cells, with the middle part of first sub- marginal cell (between the 2 large black spots) entirely infuscated or distinctly less hyaline; antennal joint 3 more slender and more attenuated and slender in about apical third; aedeagus in jd (text-fig. 57) with a short central, carinate process ventrally in basal half, scarcely projecting apically . 3 ‘ A : : ; : : - 5) Les 18. (19) Wings without any spots in posterior hyaline part or with only a feeble infuscation at base of fourth posterior cell; genae and lower parts of genae always with some, or a good few, intermixed, black bristles; bristles 92 Annals of the South African Museum. on abdomen above with very dark brownish to blackish ones, only those at apex being slightly paler, those on front coxae also with distinct dark brownish or blackish intermixed ones; hair above wings on each side of thorax more brownish yellow, and hair on squamae yellowish brown and the bristles on front part of thorax darker and more brownish 3 2 servillei Macq. (p. 237). (Namaqualand and Karoo forms.) 19. (18) Wings always with black spots in posterior part, either on all three sites or, if only on one, this spot is larger and more distinct; genae and lower parts of genae without any black bristles or with only 2 or 3 black ones; bristles on abdomen above paler, more pale brownish to brownish, the apical ones often paler or with more distinct pale tips, those on front coxae yellowish to pale yellowish brown; hair above wings on each side of thorax paler yellowish or very pale, and squamal fringe whitish to creamy, and the bristles on front part of thorax also i” paler and more pale yellowish . : . 20: 20. (21) Wings with 3 distinct inbiacationd in postedce iealine eae genae and front coxae without any dark or blackish bristles; bristles on abdomen above in middle part darker brownish . 3 & serviller Macq. (p. 238). (S. Cape and 8S. Karoo forms.) 21. (20) Wings usually with only 2 infuscations in posterior part, an indistinct one at apex of first posterior cell and a large distinct one at base of fourth posterior cell; lower parts of genae and front coxae sometimes with 2 or 3 dark or blackish bristles; bristles on abdomen above often much paler and even more yellowish in middle part 3 & servillei Macq. (p. 238). (Western and Eastern Province forms.) 22. (17) Spines on legs paler and more brownish or yellowish brown; pubescence discally on thorax without any dark conspicuous hairs or with very few and insignificant ones, with the stout bristles on abdomen above dis- tinctly yellowish to very pale yellowish brown or red, with the pubescence on venter predominantly whitish, only some bristles on sides being slightly yellowish, with the black hair on sides of abdomen and at apex comparatively less dense and less conspicuous, with the hair just above wing-bases sericeous whitish like rest of hair; wings more constantly with a large spot at base of third posterior cell and a smaller one at apex of first posterior cell, but often also with a small one at apex of discoidal cell, with the middle part of first submarginal cell (between the 2 large spots) more extensively or almost entirely hyaline; antennal joint 3 distinctly less slender, more rod-like, the apical part less slender and much shorter; aedeagus in g (text-fig. 58) with a longer, central, carinate process ventrally in basal half, which is also prominently produced, ploughshare-like apically. (Genae always with black bristles below and upper part of metapleural tuft and the squamal fringe always sericeous white.) ; : - 6 2 pentaspilus Bezz. (p. 239). 23. (2) Wings either extensively mottled or ae and with large, rounded spots on cross veins, even if there is a well marked off anterior more darkly infuscated costal part, or with an indistinctly marked off darker costal and basal part and with small dark or black infuscations or spots on -A Revision of the Bombyliudae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 93 cross veins and other veins, which are much darker, with the anterior infuscation more prominent and outstanding, or the wings are almost entirely hyaline or ip hyaline and with or without infuscations on cross veins : 24. 24. (47) Legs with very dark ieieclcish Bowl 4 black: mabey blaak: spines; wings with the more uniformly infuscated costal and basal parts darker, more blackish brown to black, and usually more distinctly marked off from rest of wing, the rest either with large, rounded, often contiguous or confluent, dark blackish brown to black spots or with smaller dark spots - : : : , aoe 25. (46) Wings Euenaiveli mottled or potted (c£. pl. 1) figs. 2; 3, and 4, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. xviii, and fig. 3, p. 59, The Bombyliidae of the Ethiopian Region, by Bezzi), the spots large and conspicuous, the costal and basal part very distinct, with the spots at apex of second basal cell, on discal cross vein and, especially, at base of second sub- marginal cell always conspicuously large and rounded, with infuscations or spots always present, even if small, at ends of first longitudinal vein and vein between submarginal cells and at apex of anal and axillary cells; pubescence on thorax discally always with some golden, deep golden or brownish golden hair, often in stripes and not entirely sericeous or silvery whitish, with the black hair on abdomen laterally and ventrally towards apex always more conspicuously tuft-like, visible from above, and also more extensively developed laterally below < ; 20. 26. (41) Wings (pl. 1, figs. 2 and 3, Ann. S. Afr. Mus., vol. xviii) always with a distinct spot, often large, at about middle of the more hyaline apical part of marginal cell, which is usually contiguous or confluent with large spot at base of second submarginal cell, with the spot at end of second longitudinal vein also more rounded and less diffuse or elongated, the second basal cell usually with a larger hyaline part or spot near its apex (if not, then at least the apical part of marginal cell contains a distinct spot at about the middle) ‘ 27. 27. (38) Wings with a pattern as figured (pl. 1, fe. 3, ee S. he Mus., Sil Sai with large, rounded spots at apex of second basal cell, on discal cross vein, at base of second submarginal cell, rounded ones at base of third posterior cell, on apical cross vein of discoidal cell, and at apex of anal and axillary cells, with smaller ones at ends of second longitudinal vein and vein between submarginal cells as well as distinct continuations of the posterior spots along the posterior veins separating posterior cells, with a very large, or at least moderately large, conspicuous spot at apices of anal and axillary cells . : : 28. 28. (33) Wings with the rounded spot at apex of séeond pasa él sonaltient with the very large, ovate, or elliptic, usually bipartite, spot at apex of anal and axillary cells, this latter spot usually being distinctly larger, or at least as large as the other, and not extending much into fourth posterior cell and more removed from hind border of wing, thus more in an oblique straight line with spot at apex of second basal cell and spot-like infusca- tion at base of discoidal cell and middle of first basal cell, with the bases of anal and axillary cells usually less extensively infuscated; pubescence with the black hair on abdomen very conspicuous, more distinctly visible 94 Annals of the South African Museum. from above, the entire apical part or half appearing as a black tuft; hypopygium of gg without a complex, ventral, aedeagal process below : ot 2. 9. (32) Forms with eating more numerous tale jpriatlesy on Baus espeuralle in 29, numerous intermixed yellowish, brownish yellow to reddish yellow ones being present on occiput, front part of thorax, disc and base of thorax, on scutellum and transversely across basal half of abdomen, those towards apex of abdomen much longer-tipped, whitish or pallid, with 3 stripes of paler brownish golden hair on thorax and also with more yellowish intermixed hairs on sides of thorax; wings with spot at apices of anal and axillary cells as large or larger than spot at apex of second basal cell, very confluent with it . ; .| BO) 30. (31) Wings with the confluent spots at apex of second basal sali and apices of anal and axillary cells not, or scarcely, confluent with anterior basal infuscation, and with the large rounded spot on discal cross vein not contiguous or confluent with the one at base of third posterior cell, the spots tending to be less confluent, there being no distinct tendency for wings to show 3 broad transverse dark bands 3S 2 megaspilus Bezz. s. str. (p. 240). (And forms of it.) 31. (30) Wings with the confluent spots at apex of second basal cell and apices of anal and axillary cells distinctly and broadly confluent with the basal infuscation and with the larger, rounded spot on discal cross vein confluent or touching one at base of third posterior cell, the other spots also tending to be larger and more contiguous or confluent, there being thus a distinct tendency for wings to show 3 transverse dark bands 3 2 megaspilus Bezz. (p. 240). (Forms of it.) 32. (29) Form with less numerous pale bristles on body, the bristles on these sites being predominantly dark or black, and even those in basal half on abdomen either almost entirely black or at least much darker, with 3 stripes of much darker, more obscure, or more brownish hair on thorax discally, with the hair on sides of thorax, apart from the black bristles, distinctly less, or not, yellowish; wings with the spot at apex of anal and axillary cells either large and confluent with one above it or often smaller, more tripartite, and less confluent with large one at apex of second basal cell . : . , : . fd @megaspilus Bezz. (p. 240). (Forms of it.) 33. (28) Wings with the rounded spot at apex of second basal cell not broadly confluent with the spot at apices of anal and axillary cells, either more narrowly confluent or distinctly separated, the latter spot also much smaller than the former, tripartite, divided into 3 spots and nearer or immediately on the hind border of the wings, distinctly not in an oblique straight line with both the spot at apex of second basal cell and the spot-like infuscation at base of discoidal cell and middle of first basal cell, with the bases of anal and axillary cells also distinctly more ex- tensively infuscated if those spots are in contact; pubescence with the black hair on abdomen distinctly less conspicuous from above and, even in very dark forms, not so conspicuously visible from above as a A Revision of the Bombylidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 95 black tuft-like brush in apical half; hypopygium of known ¢¢ with a complex, ventral, aedeagal process below . : : 34. 34, (35) Pubescence on body above with distinctly more numerous pale bristles in 9, those on occiput, anterior part of thorax, sides of thorax above wings, scutellum, and practically on entire abdomen paie yellowish brown to reddish brown and, if darker on some of these sites, they are distinctly paler on other sites, with the pubescence on disc of thorax in both sexes more extensively brownish golden to fulvous brown, that on abdomen in 2 distinctly more extensively pale, pale creamy to pale yellowish brown, with pale brownish golden gleams in certain lights; wings with a tendency to show 3 transverse bands of spots, owing to the tendency for spots to be confluent or very near together, with the base of vein separating discoidal and third posterior cells, though rapidly bent to fourth posterior cell, not markedly or sharply bent at right angles and never provided at angle so formed with a short appendix or stump; proboscis comparatively longer, about 5-6 mm. long; legs with the femora slightly less extensively blackened, and in some 99 not darkened or only slightly so at bases 3 2 ammophilus n. sp. (p. 244). 35. (384) Pubescence on body above with either entirely black or blackish bristles on sites mentioned or, if paler ones are present, these are comparatively fewer and subordinate to the predominantly black ones in both sexes, but especially on abdomen above, with the other pubescence on body above either entirely or predominantly silvery whitish or, if darker, the golden brownish hair on thorax is distinctly less extensive, that on abdomen in 929 distinctly paler, more whitish, as in 3, or the pale brownish golden hair is distinctly less developed and the bristles on abdomen, however, always entirely black; wings with this tendency to show 3 dark transverse bands either more distinct or much less evident, with the base of vein separating discoidal and third posterior cells rarely not sharply and angularly bent at right angles to fourth posterior cell, and often with a distinct short stump or appendix at angle so formed; proboscis relatively shorter, less than 6 mm.; legs always with the femora in both sexes markedly blackened to much beyond middle and more often only with the extreme apices yellowish 5 : . 36. 36. (37) Smaller forms, about 5-8 mm. long, with a wing-length of about 5-8 mm.; pubescence appearing much darker from above, the disc of thorax above with more brownish or dark brownish golden hair, also with distinct brownish golden or brownish tipped hairs just above wings and in Q with distinctly more brownish golden gleaming hairs on abdomen above, with distinctly more extensive black hair on venter below, with the bristles on thorax and scutellum entirely black, with the coxal bristles predominantly or entirely black, and the bristles in mesopleural tuft also predominantly very dark or black; wings with the spots more confluent and comparatively larger, tending to form more or less 3 irregular transverse black bands, with the tripartite spot at apices of anal and axillary cells contiguous or confluent with spot at apex of second basal cell, with a large and confluent spot at apex of first posterior cell, with the base of vein separating discoidal and third posterior cells tending to be 96 Annals of the South African Museum. less constantly bent at right angles, some specimens having this sinuosity almost normal . : : 3 . 6 & hottentotus n. sp. (p. 241). (And forms of it.) 37. (36) Larger species, about 834-11 mm. long, with a wing-length of about 8-11 mm.; pubescence appearing paler and more greyish or silvery whitish above, that on disc of thorax with predominantly silvery whitish hair, only very few yellowish ones being present, that above wings in 9 also whitish, that on abdomen above silvery whitish, shining silvery whitish, that on venter also with more pale or whitish ones basally and laterally, with distinctly intermixed yellowish to brownish bristles on occiput, thorax, scutellum, and even across second abdominal segment in some specimens, with the front coxal bristles and the intermixed ones on the other coxae as well as bristles in metapleural tuft predominantly yellowish; wings with the spots distinctly less contiguous or confluent (text-fig. 61), more rounded and spot-like and not tending to form 3 typical cross bands, with the spot at apices of anal and axillary cells always smaller and distinctly separated from large and rounded spot at apex of second basal cell, with the spot at apex of first posterior cell more often very small or absent and, if distinct, then not confluent with the other big spot, with the base of vein separating discoidal and third posterior cells more constantly and distinctly sharply bent at right angles and provided with a short stump . 2 braunsi Bezz. (p. 246). 38. (27) Wings with a pattern as figured (Bezzi, pl. 1, fig. 2, Ann. S. Afr. Mus., vol. xviii), with spots also on the same sites, but with or without a very small and insignificant spot at apex of anal cell, and without any, or only minute and very indistinct, spots near apices of posterior veins, the spots at bases of third and second posterior cells not produced or prolonged, comma-like, along posterior veins, and also with the spot-like infuscation at end of vein separating submarginal cells very small, absent, or in- distinct . ‘ ; : : ; : : ° é . 39. 39. (40) Pubescence on dise of thorax usually with distinct sericeous yellowish or slightly golden gleams, with a tuft of hair and bristles on post-alar calli. distinctly gleaming brownish or yellowish golden, with some or more numerous yellowish intermixed bristles on occiput, on each side in humeral region, on coxae, and on sides of abdomen and venter towards apex, with the dense hair on venter towards apex usually with more dark brownish ones; wings with the infuscated parts and spots tending to be more brownish or even yellowish brownish, a distinct, though sometimes faint, spot always present at apex of anal cell and sometimes with a tendency for spots to be present at ends of some of the posterior veins, with the first longitudinal vein usually paler and more brownish or reddish; spicules on tibiae tending to be entirely yellowish or brownish or at least with some intermixed paler ones and the tibiae themselves sometimes paler; hypopygium of ¢ (text-fig. 64) with the inner apical part of basal parts distinctly longer and more produced and the ventral aedeagal process with 4 spines on it. 3 2 capensis Linn. (p. 251). (And forms of it.) 40. (39) Pubescence on thorax silvery whitish like. the rest of the hairs above, with the hair on post-alar calli also gleaming silvery whitish, with all the _A Revision of the Bombylidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 917 bristly hairs and bristles on head and thorax, on coxae and abdomen black, with the hair towards apex of venter appearing entirely or more predominantly black; wings with the anterior infuscation and spots much darker and sooty black, without a spot at apex of anal cell and never with even indications of spots at ends of posterior veins and with all the veins very dark or black; spicules on tibiae entirely black; hypopygium of ¢ (text-fig. 65) with the inner apical part of basal parts not prominent or produced, with the ventral aedeagal process slightly different and having only 2 spines 3 2 neuwveldensis n. sp. (p. 253). Al. (26) Wings (cf. text-fig. 62 in this paper, and Bezzi, pl. 1, fig. 4, Ann. S. Afr. Mus., vol. xviii) without a spot at about middle of apical part of marginal cell, this part being either more hyaline or uniformly infuscated like rest of cell, with only the apex of second longitudinal vein more darkened, with the infuscation at end of vein separating submarginal cells not rounded or distinctly spot-like, but in form of a more elongated terminal infuscation, with the second basal cell entirely infuscated like rest of base or with a small clear spot near its apex : - 2h. 42. (43) Large species, about 10-12 mm. long, with a wing- sieaati of about 11-123 mm.; pubescence on body above predominantly silvery whitish, only that on disc of thorax slightly tinted yellowish or brownish golden, that on abdomen above entirely shining silvery whitish, that on venter and apex of abdomen black, with the bristles on body very stout and strong, those on occiput shorter, those on sides of thorax, excluding the black ones in front of wings on each side, on scutellum, and transversely across abdominal segments 1-3 yellowish or reddish brown; wings (text-fig. 62) with the posterior part distinctly more hyaline, with a hyaline or clear spot near apex of second basal cell and another one near apex of first basal cell, with the middle of apical part of marginal cell tending to be more hyaline, with the spot at apices of anal and axillary cells larger, more diffuse, contiguous or confluent with large spot at apex of second basal cell, with the posterior spots on wing tending to be more continued as distinct infuscations along posterior veins; proboscis long, about 5-6 mm. long; legs with more numerous, about 9-10, longer and stouter spines on hind femora below, with the claws more gradually curved downwards apically and with the pulvilli shorter, just reaching or only extending a very little beyond middle of claws; hypopygium (text-fig. 63) . : ‘ . 6 fenestralis n. sp. (p. ai 43. (42) Small species, about 5-6 mm. long, eh a wing-length of about 5-6 mm.; pubescence on body above not predominantly silvery white, that on disc of thorax, scutellum, and abdomen above more distinctly pale yellowish or straw-coloured yellowish, becoming more brownish towards apex and even, when very pale, the abdomen shows yellowish gleams in certain lights, with the hair on sides of abdomen towards apex and on venter distinctly more brownish, very dark chocolate brownish, with the bristles on body very slender and long, almost hair-like on abdomen, those on occiput also long and slender, those on thorax darker and more chocolate brownish or darker yellowish brown, those on abdomen tending to be darker also; wings (cf. pl. 1, fig. 4, Ann. S. Afr. Mus., vol. xviii) 98 44, (45 — Annals of the South African Museum. with the anterior half or darker part chocolate brownish and posterior part also distinctly tinged faintly brownish, with at least no clear spot in second basal cell and without a distinct clear area in first basal cell, with the apical part of marginal cell uniformly infuscated like rest of cell, with the spot at apex of anal cell smaller and widely separated from spot at apex of second basal cell, without any or with only very indistinct infusions near apices of posterior veins, not continuous with the larger spots; proboscis shorter in relation to body, less than 6 mm. long; legs with much fewer, only about 4—7, more slender spines on hind femora below with the claws slightly more rapidly bent downwards apically and with the pulvilli distinctly longer, extending much beyond middle of claws . 44. Pubescence on body distinctly tinted more pale brownish yellow, that on abdomen above even darker, becoming more distinctly rusty brown posteriorly, with the long bristles on occiput and thorax above (excluding lateral ones in front of wings), those on scutellum and abdomen above more yellowish brown, with the hair along upper parts of pleurae also more distinctly yellowish; wings less pointed apically, with the front half slightly darker, more chocolate brownish, with the spots at bases of third and second posterior cells and apex of first posterior cell small, much smaller than the other spots, without any spots at ends of posterior veins and with scarcely a darker infuscation at apex of anal cell, with the anal cell acute apically and not opening on hind border, with the second longitudinal vein distinctly very undulating; antennal joint 3 slightly shorter and less slender, broadest at about the middle; legs with only about 4, much shorter and finer, spines on hind femora below from just before middle to apex, with the claws slightly longer and distinctly more rapidly bent downwards apically and with the pulvilli longer, nearly reaching apex of claws ; ; i 3 punctatellus Bezz. (p. 255). (Type specimen.) 45. (44) Pubescence on body almost entirely silvery whitish, that on abdomen with a feeble yellowish sheen in certain lights, with the bristles on occiput, on the rest of head, on thorax and abdomen above darker, very dark chocolate brown, only those on scutellum and some intermixed ones basally on abdomen paler and more yellowish, with the hair on venter and towards apical part of abdomen also chocolate brownish, with that on pleurae, excepting only yellowish metapleural bristles, entirely silvery whitish; wings (cf. Bezzi, pl. 1, fig. 4, Ann. S. Afr. Mus., vol. xviii, as punctatellus) distinctly more pointed apically, with the anterior half not quite so dark chocolate brown, with the spots at bases of third and second posterior cells and at apex of first posterior cell comparatively large and rounded, as large as the other spots, with a distinct, though diffuse, infuscation at apex of anal cell and also with faint infuscations near ends of posterior veins, with the anal cell normally opening on hind border of wing and the second longitudinal vein straight to near bent-up end, where there is a slight sinuosity (much straighter than in Bezzi’s figure); antennal joint 3 very slender, slightly longer and more rod-like, gradually attenuated from broadest part near base; legs with about 7, longer spines, from near base to apex on hind femora below, the basal spines being remarkably long, almost bristle-like, with the claws shorter, _A Revision of the Bombyludae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 99 only gradually curved downwards apically from about the middle and with the pulvilli distinctly shorter, just extending a little beyond middle of claws . : : : : . 6 punctatelloides n. sp. (p. 255). (Labelled as punctatellus.) 46. (25) Wings (cf. Bezzi, p. 5, fig. 4, The Bombyliidae of the Ethiopian Region) not extensively mottled or spotted, with the anterior infuscated costal and basal part less distinctly marked off, the spots, even the larger ones at apex of second basal cell, on discal cross vein and at base of second submarginal cell, being comparatively smaller, and the others at bases of second and third posterior cells much smaller, without any spot, or only a very feeble one, at apex of first posterior cell, without any infuscation at ends of second longitudinal vein and vein separating the submarginal cells, thus with a more hyaline apical part or half of marginal cell and entirely without any infuscations at apices of anal and axillary cells; pubescence, excluding black or yellowish bristles on thorax and scutellum, entirely silvery whitish on thorax, even discally, there being no darker or golden hairs in form of stripes, the abdomen above, excluding whitish-tipped black transverse bristles, with entirely silvery whitish hair, with the black hair on extreme sides of abdomen and apically on venter less extensively developed, not conspicuously visible from above as a black apical tuft or lateral apical tufts, the venter also with compara- tively more white hair : . Q punctifer Bezz. (p. 254). 7. (24) Legs with pale yellowish, pallid, prowiish yellow to reddish yellow spines; wings if darkened with the darker infuscated anterior half or costal and basal part or base paler, more pale brownish, yellowish brown or yellowish, and not very distinctly or conspicuously marked off from more hyaline posterior part, usually almost imperceptibly merging into hyaline part, the posterior part of wings either with distinct, but smaller and less conspicuous, spots (if larger ones are present, the spines on legs at least are yellowish), or with much fewer or even without any spots, and the entire wings may also be hyaline and unspotted . ‘ . 48. 48. (55) Pubescence not predominantly or entirely snow whitish, frosts whitish or gleaming sericeous or silvery whitish or predominantly sericeous or golden yellowish, usually appearing greyish sericeous due to an inter- mixture of pale sericeous yellowish and sericeous whitish elements, usually with some or numerous black or dark bristly hairs and bristles on frons, antennal joint 1 below and on face and with more numerous or more conspicuous black hairs in tufts on extreme sides of tergites below and towards apex of abdomen; wings tinged more greyish or cinereous, the costal and basal parts more brownish or greyish brown, with the spot-like infuscations on cross veins and other veins more dis- tinct, more conspicuous, larger and sometimes more rounded or diffuse, the spots at base of third posterior cell, on apical cross vein of discoidal cell and at apex of first posterior cell being always more or less distinct, and if wings are not very greyish and spots not very conspicuous, pubes- cence at least is not entirely snow white or golden; antennae with joint 1, though thickened, not barrel or sub-barrel shaped, and with joint 3 not dilated knob-like at base and not club-like; scutellum entirely black and abdomen entirely black in both sexes. ‘ ‘ . 49. 100 Annals of the South African Museum. 49. (52) Wings with the spot-like infuscations at apex of first posterior cell, on apical cross vein of discoidal cell and at base of third posterior cell small, indistinct, and usually less conspicuous and without any infuscation or distinct spot at ends of second longitudinal vein and the vein separating submarginal cells or at apices of anal and axillary cells, with the discal cross vein usually very much beyond middle of discoidal cell; head with the eyes in gg distinctly more broadly separated above and at least 2 times as broad as ocellar tubercle, with the interocular space in known 99 also relatively broader and slightly broader than 2 times combined length of antennal joints ] and 2; hypopygium of gd with the ramus on each side not produced, and the central process below aedeagus merely raised or produced into a short or long process and not raised arch-like ae) 0) 50. (51) Larger and bulkier species, about 13-15 mm. long, with a wing-length of about 13-14 mm.; wings with the darker anterior part more blackish brown, more distinct, and more extensive, extending up to end of marginal cell, and this cell thus on the whole more infuscated, with the spots on apical cross veins of basal cells and at base of vein between submarginal cells larger, more rounded, darker, and more conspicuous, and with the infuscations on posterior part of wings also more distinct, with the first posterior cell broader and less acute apically; pubescence appearing slightly more sericeous yellowish even in gg, the sericeous yellowish bands on thorax more conspicuous, the pubescence on abdomen in §¢ scarcely more whitish, that in 92 more velvety sericeous yellowish, with more black bristles on lower parts of genae; claws much stouter and with the pulvilli broader and extending slightly beyond middle of claws in 3S; hypopygium of ¢ (text-fig. 66) with the basal parts broad and compact, the dorsal division between them deeply sunk in, with the beaked apical joints more deeply and foveately depressed above, with the ventral process below aedeagus in form of an apically produced basal rim, blunt and not hiding the apical part of aedeagus 3 & obesus Bezz. (p. 256). 51. (50) Smaller and less bulky species, about 94 mm. long, with a wing-length of about 84 mm.; wings less cinereous, with the costal and basal infusca- tion paler, more pale yellowish brown, much fainter and distinctly less extensive, the entire apical part or half of marginal cell being hyaline, with the spots less conspicuous, much smaller, and even evanescent in posterior part of wings, especially at apex of first posterior cell and on apical cross vein of discoidal cell, with the first posterior cel] narrower and distinctly more acute apically; pubescence in ¢ at least distinctly paler and more sericeous whitish, that on thorax appearing more sericeous whitish and even the sericeous yellowish elements on disc much fainter, the pubescence on abdomen apparently more whitish, becoming even paler apically, with fewer or only 2 or 3 darkish bristles on lower parts of genae; claws distinctly more slender, with the pulvilli much narrower and not reaching middle of claws; hypopygium (text-fig. 67) with the basal parts less broad and compact and not deeply sulcately separated above, with the beaked apical joints less depressed above, with the ventral process below aedeagus much longer, lobe-like, and hiding the apical part of aedeagus ; : 3 mollihirtus n. sp. (p. 258). A Revision of the Bombylidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 101 52. (49) Wings with all the spot-like infuscations, though slightly duller, distinctly larger, more rounded and more diffuse, those in posterior part of wings scarcely smaller or less rounded than those on apical cross veins of basal cells and at base of vein between submarginal cells, with distinct, though sometimes faint, spots or infuscations at ends of second longitudinal vein and the vein between submarginal cells, at apices of anal and axillary cells and sometimes even with indications of spots even near ends of the posterior veins, with the discal cross vein just, or sometimes apparently scarcely, beyond middle of discoidal cell; head with the eyes in §¢3 more narrowly separated above and distinctly less than 2 times as broad as ocellar tubercle, with the interocular space in 29 also relatively narrower and only about or less than 2 times as broad as combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2; hypopygium of ¢ (text-fig. 68) with the ramus on each side produced into a pointed process and the central, ventral process below aedeagus inverted U-shaped, projecting arch-like and provided with flattened setae apically . : : . 53. 4) Pubescence with the 3 stripes on disc of thorax paler, very pale sericeous yellowish or straw-coloured sericeous, with the black hair on sides of abdomen and apical part more extensive and more conspicuous from above, with all the stoutish bristles on head and body pale yellowish to yellowish, there being no very dark and black bristles on lower parts of genae and either none or only a few darkish ones on frons in 99, those on abdomen also paler and more yellowish; wings with the spots more distinct, with the spot at apices of anal and axillary cells also more distinct and often also with faint, though distinct, small infuscations near ends of veins separating posterior cells 3 2 zoutpansbergianus nN. sp. (p. 260). 54. (53) Pubescence with the 3 stripes on disc of thorax in 929 distinctly more brownish golden and more conspicuous, with the black hair on sides of abdomen laterally and apically less apparent and less conspicuous, with all the bristles on lower parts of genae, all the longer and stouter ones on face, sides of face, on antennae below, on frons, sides of thorax in front of wings and some intermixed ones on coxae black, those on coxae sometimes very dark brownish, with the rest ‘of the bristles on occiput, thorax, and scutellum deeper yellowish, more yellowish brown to brownish, and those on abdomen also more brownish yellow; wings with the spots even duller and less distinct, the spot at apices of anal and axillary cells being very faint and indistinct, without any or with evanescent infusca- tions near ends of posterior veins 2 zoutpansbergianus var. occidentalis n. (p. 262). 55. (48) Pubescence on body predominantly or entirely snow white, frosty whitish, and gleaming sericeous or silvery whitish or predominantly golden yellowish, without any dark or blackish bristly hairs or bristles on antennal joint 1 below, on face or genae and without any tufts of black hair on sides of tergites ventrally below, or if with some black hairs on sides of abdomen these are inconspicuous, and if with black transverse bristles on abdomen rest of pubescence is entirely or predominantly snow whitish or golden yellowish; wings either more hyaline and with a slightly whitish tinge, greyish hyaline, or tinged reddish brownish with the costal and . VOL. XXXIV. 8 102 Annals of the South African Museum. basal parts more subopaquely whitish, yellowish, or reddish brownish, © with the spot-like infuscations on cross veins and other veins if present usually less distinct and less conspicuous, and if conspicuous pubescence on body is predominantly golden or snow white, with the spots at base of third posterior cell, on apical cross vein of discoidal cell and at apex of first posterior cell either absent or scarcely indicated and sometimes without any spots on wings; antennae with joint 1 distinctly more incrassate, more sub-barrel-shaped or even barrel-shaped, and with joint 3 dilated or thickened knob-like at base, thus club-like, or at least more distinctly thickened in basal half, and if very slender and not club-like, joint 1 at least is incrassate and pubescence is snow whitish; scutellum almost always with some red or reddish in 99 especially, but black in some forms, and abdomen sometimes with the hind margins of the tergites or the sides in j'¢ or in both sexes reddish . i . 56. 56. (59) Pubescence entirely or predominantly gleaming golden or very deep 57. (58 ~— sericeous yellowish; wings distinctly more extensively and more deeply tinged yellowish or reddish brownish in basal two-thirds, the costal cell and basal parts being even darker or deeper and more subopaquely yellowish or yellowish brownish, with the basal comb yellowish or ochreous yellowish; body with more reddish in both sexes, the scutellum being almost entirely red, the hind margins of tergites and sides of abdomen more broadly, conspicuously, and more constantly red in both sexes, with antennal joint 1 usually also with much red and the legs entirely yellowish in both sexes; proboscis distinctly longer, about 4-6 mm.; smallish to rather bulky forms, about 8-14 mm. long and with a wing- length of about 10-15 mm. : : . Node Wings relatively shorter, more Sremieh’ hyaline: swith ae costal cell and basal half tinged subopaquely pale yellowish to pale ochreous yellowish, with only spot-like infuscations at fork of second longitudinal vein, on apical cross veins of basal cells and at base of vein beween submarginal cells, there being no distinct infuscations in posterior part of wings, with the veins slightly paler and more yellowish, with the base of vein between discoidal cell and third posterior cell less constantly bent at right angles to fourth posterior cell and more often without a stump; pubescence tending to be more golden and slightly deeper yellowish above, that on pleurae scarcely paler than above, the metapleural tuft more golden yellowish, that on venter also not much paler, almost more ochreous to orange laterally in 29, without any black or dark hairs on sides of abdomen ventrally below in both sexes; scutellum usually more extensively red; antennal joint 1 shorter and only about 2} times as long as 2 and with the long slender part of 3 apparently slightly more slender and slightly more dilated at apex; hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 69) 3 & spinibarbus Bezz. (p. 263). Wings relatively much longer, more distinctly and more extensively tinged yellowish or reddish brownish, even the posterior part slightly tinged and not hyaline, the costal and basal half becoming deeper reddish brown, with, in addition to the same 4 spot-like infuscations, which are darker and more conspicuous, also distinct, though small, infuscations at apex of first posterior cell and on apical cross vein of discoidal cell, -A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 103 with the veins darker and more reddish brown to dark brownish, with the base of vein between discoidal and third posterior cells more often and more constantly bent at right angles to fourth posterior cell and there provided with a short stump; pubescence on body above tending to be paler yellowish or paler golden, more gleaming deep seviceous yellowish, that towards apex of abdomen in g¢ even paler sericeous yellowish, that on head below and pleurae distinctly more contrastingly whitish, that in metapleural tuft also paler and even whitish, that on venter laterally near base also whitish, and that on extreme sides of abdomen and towards apex, in some 99 especially, with tufts or with some or numerous blackish brown to blackish hairs; scutellum usually less extensively reddened, there being a distinct blackish hind border; antennal joint 1 longer and quite 3, or even a little more, times as long as 2 and with the long slender part of 3 relatively less slender and the apex slightly less apparently dilated . . ¢ 2 angulosus Bezz. (p. 265). 59. (56) Pubescence entirely or predominantly snow whitish, frosty whitish and gleaming sericeous or silvery whitish; wings more hyaline or vitreous hyaline, with a faint, but distinct, whitish tint in certain lights, but with the basal part and costal cell sometimes subopaquely pale yellowish, pale yellowish whitish to whitish, with the basal comb entirely snow whitish or with the spines black; body usually with less reddish, the scutellum sometimes entirely black in both sexes, or black in some ¢4, or with the red distinctly less extensive in both sexes, the abdomen with less red on sides and sometimes entirely black in both sexes, with the femora in gg tending to be blackened at bases, sometimes more extensively blackened, and sometimes the legs are entirely dark or black in both sexes; proboscis shorter about 1-4 mm. long; very small to medium-sized species, about 3-11 mm. long and with a wing-length of about 3-10 mm. ; : f : : : : : 77 a0ty: 60. (63) Very small species, about 3-54 mm. long and with a wing-length of about 3-5 mm.; wings feebly developed, their bases much narrower and slender, with the alula more reduced and not projecting lobe-like, with the axillary lobe relatively also much narrower and not lobately rounded, with the basal comb very feebly developed, almost absent, the wings hyaline, with a faint milky whitish tint and without any spots on cross veins or other veins; pubescence on body above and below dull frosty or chalky white, without sheen, comparatively less dense, but longer and more shaggy, that on occiput, thorax, and abdomen in both sexes being markedly long, with the individual hairs stouter, stiffer, more woolly in appearance and markedly and visibly fimbriate at their apices and showing a “‘singed-off”’ appearance, without any distinct and stouter or more bristle-like ones being present, those on ocellar tubercle and on sides of frons, in 99 especially, dark or blackish; head with the eyes in SoS separated above by width of ocellar tubercle only, the interocular space on vertex in 99 also relatively narrower and slightly less than 2 times as broad as ocellar tubercle, with the frons and face in both sexes also narrower, with antennal joint 1, though thickened, less incrassate or barrel-shaped, with joint 3 thickened in basal half and more gradually narrowed apically, with the proboscis yellowish or reddish 104 61. (62 62. (61 ) ) Annals of the South African Museum. for greater part of its length, only about 1-2 mm. long; scutellum black; legs with the spines on femora and spicules on tibiae poorly developed, the hind femora with only about 2-3 spines in apical half below and front and middle tibiae with very feeble, scarcely visible, spicules; hypopygium of ¢ (text-fig. 70) with the beaked apical joints very small, the basal parts subglobular and basal strut very narrow 5 2 Gls Wings slightly less subopaquely whitish in certain lights, the veins darker and more dark brownish to blackish brown, the alula and axillary lobe apparently slightly less developed; head with the face in both sexes black or very dark, with the proboscis slightly shorter, about 1-14 mm. long, with antennal joint 1 apparently less thickend and with joint 3 more rapidly tapering apically, the apical part slightly more slender; abdomen only pallid or reddish along extreme sides and at apex and on venter, the hind margins of tergites discally not very broadly pallid even in fg; legs with at least the last 3 or 4 tarsal joints blackened ; . & 2 minusculus n. sp. (p. 266). Wings slightly more visibly, tated subopaquely whitish, the veins paler and more yellowish or pallid, the alula and axillary lobe apparently slightly broader; head with the face in J more yellowish, with the proboscis slightly longer and about 2 mm. long, with antennal joint 1 pallid and apparently slightly more incrassate, with joint 3 slightly longer and more gradually narrowed apically, the apical part less slender; abdomen in ¢ almost entirely very pale brownish yellow, paler and more yellowish on sides, with the hind margins of the tergites discally broadly ivory yellowish or yellowish, broader on sides and on venter, and with even the thorax above and scutellum tending to be more dark brownish; legs with only the last 2 tarsal joints blackened ; go minusculus var. pallidiventris nu. (p. 268). 63. (60) Larger to moderately large species, about 7-11 mm. long and with a wing-length of about 7-10 mm.; wings normally developed, their bases normally broad, the alula and axillary lobe normally lobe-like and broad, the basal comb strongly developed, the wings vitreous hyaline and with sometimes even a stronger milky whitish tint, with the base and costal cell even more subopaquely whitish or distinctly subopaquely pale yellowish and with distinct and fairly conspicuous spot-like infuscations at base of third longitudinal vein, on apical cross veins of basal cells, on apical cross vein of discoidal cell, at bases of veins between discoidal and third posterior cells and submarginal cells, and sometimes even at apex of first posterior cell; pubescence on body silvery whitish and with distinct sericeous or silvery gleams, comparatively denser and, though shaggy, shorter, that on occiput and thorax relative to body shorter and not so erect and bushy, less woolly, the individual hairs and bristles not visibly dilated or fimbriate at their apices, the pubescence on face longer, with distinct and stouter bristles on antennae below, face, genae, on occiput, sides of thorax, scutellum, and transversely across abdomen, the bristly hairs on ocellar tubercle and sides of frons yellowish or also blackish and sometimes the bristles on thorax and on abdomen are darker or even black; head with the eyes in gd separated above by a space much broader than ocellar tubercle, the interocular space in 9? also ‘A Revision of the Bombylidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 105 relatively broader and quite 3, or even,a little more, times as broad as tubercle, the frons and face in both sexes broader, with antennal joint 1 more distinctly incrassate, especially in $¢, with joint 3 either more knob-like thickened at base or very slender and slightly thickened just beyond middle, with the proboscis black and about 3-4 mm. long; scutellum mostly reddish, though black in some specimens; legs with the spines on femora and spicules on tibiae well and strongly developed, the hind femora with about 5-11 spines below; hypopygium of $¢ with the beaked apical joints longer and more developed, the basal parts not or less subglobular and the basal strut broader : . 64. 64. (65) Legs predominantly yellowish, only the bases or basal parts of femora in 66 darkened or blackened, with sparse and shorter hairs on femora below, with the spines on femora on the whole shorter and the spicules on tibiae much shorter, with the claws slightly more curved and the pulvilli longer, just falling short of middle of claws in gg, and visible at bases of claws in 29; wings less tinted whitish in certain lights, with the costal cell, base, basal part of marginal cell, basal half of first basal cell, and to a certain extent even second basal cell distinctly tinged subopaquely yellowish or yellowish whitish, the veins in this region and the first longitudinal vein also yellowish, with the basal comb snow white, with the discal cross vein just beyond middle of discoidal cell, with the knobs of halteres pale yellowish; head with antennal joint 1 in §¢ less tubercular below and with shorter bristles below joint 1, with joint 3 shorter and characteristically club-shaped, the basal part being dilated knob-like, with the bristly hairs on ocellar tubercle and sides of frons basally yellowish or pale yellowish brownish, with the bristles on face more numerous and with a distinct tuft of longish and stoutish bristles on lower part of genae; pubescence with all the hairs and bristles on thorax, scutellum, and abdomen white; abdomen with the sides or hind margins of tergites laterally reddish to a variable extent in §¢ at least, and with the apical angles of last sternite in g¢ less ee hypopygium of g (text-fig. 71). : : 3 2 volucer n. sp. (p. 269). 5. (64) Legs predominantly black or dakk in hook sexes, only the tibiae may be slightly more brownish in some specimens, the femora black, with denser and longer hair on femora below in ¢¢ especially, with the spines on femora distinctly longer and the spicules on tibiae long and conspicuous, with the claws almost straight and slightly longer, and with the pulvilli minute and vestigial in both sexes; wings distinctly more whitish in certain lights, with the base, costal cell, and basal part of first basal cell subopaquely whitish, the veins conspicuously dark blackish brown or black right to base, the costal veins also conspicuously dark, with the basal comb black, with the discal cross vein very much beyond middle, at about apical third, of discoidal cell, with the knobs of halteres dark brownish or blackish brown in both sexes; head with antennal joint l, in §¢ especially, provided with tubercle-like prominences, each bearing a very long and conspicuous bristle, with joint 3 much longer and more slender, not thickened at base, being slightly thickened and broadest just beyond middle, with the bristly hairs on ocellar tubercle and sides of frons basally blackish or black, with the stout bristles on face fewer 106 Annals of the South African Museum. and with a much stouter tuft of finer bristly hairs only on lower parts of genae; pubescence predominantly also silvery whitish above and below, but with a tuft of yellowish, yellowish brown to dark chocolate brownish hairs at apex of abdomen, with the bristles towards apex of abdomen in $3 more yellowish, and those on sides of abdomen and apically in 99 very dark blackish brown to black, and with the bristles on thorax, post-alar calli, and scutellum in 99 golden yellowish to pale brownish golden; abdomen entirely black in both sexes, and with the apical angles of last sternite in ¢ much produced; hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 72) 3S F leucolasius n. sp. (p. 272). 66. (1) Wings not mottled, extensively infuscated or spotted, usually distinctly more hyaline even if costal and basal part be slightly tinged yellowish, with the spot-like infuscations less conspicuous or distinct, usually much fainter and fewer, with the discal cross vein distinctly before middle of discoidal cell, and if wings are darkly infuscated basally or with well- defined spot-like infuscations the discal vein is before middle of discoidal cell, or if discal cross vein is at about middle antennal joint 1 is not incrassate; head with the pubescence, though dense and shaggy, without any or with much shorter, fewer, and less conspicuous bristles on antennal joint 1 below, such bristles not very much longer than the joint, with fewer and usually shorter bristles on face and genae and without a con- spicuous brush or tuft of numerous long bristles on lower parts of genae, with antennal joint 1 more slender, less thickened, and not barrel-shaped, and if tending to be stoutish without long and conspicuous bristles below, with joint 3 distinctly thicker and more rod-shaped; general pubescence on front part of body usually shorter, finer, and less shaggy, that on abdomen appearing finer, more erect, and characteristically puff-like or bottle brush-like, that in squamal fringe shorter, finer, and without stoutish or stiffer bristly elements; scutellum predominantly red or reddish or with much red; pulvilli very much reduced, minute, vestigial, or scarcely visible, even absent in both sexes and, where visible, they are confined to base and not reaching the middle of claws in both sexes, with the claws usually more slender, usually less curved, and even sub- straight . : ; : A ‘ 4 : : : ./ Ot: 67. (78) Head normally broad, distinctly narrower than broadest part of thorax, with the facial region narrower and normally broad, with the interocular space in 99° much narrower and less than 4 times as broad as ocellar tubercle, with antennal joint 3 not club-shaped but more rod-like or only gradually tapering apically; pulvilli vestigial, very minute, almost invisible, and confined to extreme base of claws in both sexes; wings less distinctly tinged yellowish or brownish in basal half in $g, and if very distinctly tinged, head at least is not remarkably broad, with the costal cell and base in 33 usually faintly tinged subopaquely pale reddish yellowish or reddish brownish, with the spot-like infuscations sometimes wanting, and if indicated are less evident and practically only present at base of third longitudinal vein, on apical cross veins of basal cells, and at base of vein between submarginal cells, rarely, and then only very indistinctly, on other veins, with the discal cross vein, though also before middle, nearer middle of discoidal cell, and if not the spots are incon- A Revision of the Bombyludae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 107 spicuous and fewer; pubescence on front part of body denser and distinctly longer, that on thorax much longer, denser, and more erect, denser on disc, that on face and genae longer and more bushy, the bristly elements longer, more conspicuous, and more numerous, that on pleurae slightly longer and more shaggy, that on abdomen distinctly longer, denser, and finer, erect and bottle brush-like in appearance, the hair entirely white on abdomen, or when dark chocolate brownish ones are present they are mostly confined to apical part of abdomen and tergites 5-7, in species with brown hair, not entirely white haired, with all the bristles on abdomen in 929 not dark, and if so the pubescence at apex of abdomen is also dark, with fulvous brownish tufts of hair if present differently arranged or confined to last few tergites and with the transverse bristles across tergites 2-4 not all dark or black, and if so in some 99 other characters do not conform; hypopygium of ¢¢ with the beaked apical joints more elongate : : . 68. 68. (73) Species with much yellowish brown, fulvous biewa to dnecolAte brown hair on thorax, scutellum, or transversely on some abdominal segments in addition to frosty white hair, with the bristly hairs and bristles on head above, occiput, thorax, mesopleuron, and transversely across some segments of abdomen and venter ranging from yellowish, through yellowish brown to reddish brown and chocolate brown, the darker ones or dark-tipped ones usually on scutellum and abdomen; wings always tinged pale reddish yellow to pale reddish brown in costal and basal parts, even if only very slightly, with the rest also more often faintly tinged reddish, not markedly milky whitish, with at least a more distinct darker infuscation at fork of second longitudinal vein, on apical cross vein of second basal cell and on discal cross vein, and sometimes also at base of second submarginal cell, at base of vein between discoidal and third posterior cells and even very feebly on apical cross vein of discoidal cell, with the basal comb always dark blackish brown or even black spined ; 3 a GE 69. (70) Pubescence on body eh fie hae on alles of thera, viewed Ohi above, chocolate brown in some g¢ to greyish brown in g¢ and 99, when viewed from side, extensively brownish golden, golden to pale reddish golden, that on scutellum even deeper brownish golden to fulvous brown, that on head above pale yellowish brown to brownish, with deep golden brownish hair on abdominal segment 1, with more chocolate brownish hair at the apex of abdomen in §¢ and segments 5 and 6 and apex in 929, the rest of hair snow white, with that on pectus in ¢¢ also brownish yellow, and that in metapleural tuft tinted yellowish, with the bristles on frons, thorax, and mesopleuron yellowish brown, reddish brown to brownish, and those on dark-haired segments of abdomen with more than their apical halves chocolate brown, with those on rest of abdomen white, those on coxae yellowish to brownish; wings tinged reddish or yellowish brown only in costal cell and base, with only 3 darker infusca- tions in basal half, with the discal cross vein much before middle of discoidal cell; interocular space in §¢ broader than tubercle, in 2° just. about 3, or a very little more, times as broad as tubercle; antennal joint 1 shorter, especially in gg, and with the apical part of joint 3 less slender; 108 Annals of the South African Museum. femora less extensively blackened, especially front and middle ones; hypopygium of ¢ (text-fig. 73) with the inner apical angle of basal parts in neck region slightly more prominently projecting and without a slightly ledge-like ventral aedeagal process 3 8 peringueyt Bezz. (p. 275). 70. (69) Pubescence on disc of thorax in both sexes predominantly white, without any, or with only very few, yellowish hairs, usually entirely white, that on scutellum paler, more straw-coloured yellowish to golden, with usually brownish-tipped hairs on segments 4, 5, and apex of abdomen in 99 in addition to those on segment 1 above and below, with the rest of the hair frosty white, with that on pleurae, pectus, and in metapleural tuft in both sexes white like rest of hair on head in front and below, with the bristles on frons, thorax, and mesopleuron usually paler, more yellowish, and, when darker, rest of hair on thorax is entirely white, with the bristles on scutellum also more yellowish, with yellowish-based dark brownish or chocolate brown, stout bristles transversely on all the abdominal segments from 2, more so in 99, without any entirely white bristles even in gg, those on coxae being entirely white or whitish in both sexes; wings either more feebly tinged yellowish in costal and basal parts in 29, or distinctly more extensively tinged brownish in basal halves as in some ¢¢, with usually, in addition to the 3 darker infuscations, also with a distinct infuscation at base of second submarginal cell, often also at base of vein between discoidal and third posterior cells and even very faintly on ajical cross vein of discoidal cell in some specimens, with the discal cross vein at about middle, or immediately before middle, or even just beyond middle, of discoidal cell; interocular space in gg narrower, as broad as tubercle, in 99 slightly broader, about 3-34 times as broad as tubercle, antennal joint 1 slightly proportionally longer, distinctly more so in g¢, and with the apical part of 3 slightly more slender and attenuated; femora, including front and middle ones, more extensively blackened to very much beyond middle; hypopygium of g¢ (text-fig. 74) with the inner apical angle of basal parts slightly less prominent and without a distinct ledge-like ventral aedeagal process — vi 71. (72) Wings distinctly more subopaquely yellowish, more distinctly tinged reddish brown in basal part up to end of costal cell and across middle of first posterior cell to apex of anal cell in g, with the infuscations on cross veins and veins more distinct, with the second longitudinal vein more bent upwards at end; bristly hairs and bristles on head above and on thorax paler and more yellowish, the hairs on scutellum, tergite 1, and tergites 4 and 5 slightly paler and more yellowish; abdomen in ¢ with distinct red on sides and venter also pale yellowish red, and scutellum more extensively red; proboscis longer, about 3-4 mm. long and antennal joint 3 less rod-shaped ; ; - & & nigripecten Bezz. (p. 277). 72. (71) Wings on the whole clearer and more greyish hyaline, in both sexes only slightly more subopaquely cinereous brownish or yellowish in basal and costal part, with the infuscations on cross veins less conspicuous, with the second longitudinal vein less bent upwards at its end; bristly hairs and bristles on head above and on thorax deeper yellowish to A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 109 brownish, the hairs on scutellum, tergite 1, and sides of tergites 4 and 5 darker and more chocolate brownish; abdomen in ¢¢ entirely black, and scutellum more obscurely reddish on disc; proboscis shorter, about 2-24 mm. long, and antennal joint 3 more slender and more rod-like 3 Q nigripecten var. conctutus n. (p. 279). 73. (68) Entirely or predominantly frosty white or snow white haired species, with only the bristly hairs on ocellar tubercle and frons yellowish or brownish in ¢¢, or if some brownish hairs are present, they are found only towards apex of abdomen, all the other hair above and below being entirely white, with all the bristles on body, even in forms with slight brownish hair on abdomen, entirely white or at least without any black or dark bristles on abdomen even if pale yellowish ones are present on thorax; wings entirely hyaline, with a distinct subopaquely milky whitish tint, the costal cell and base being more subopaquely whitish, with the infuscations at fork of second longitudinal vein, on discal cross vein, and on apical cross vein of second basal cell practically only repre- sented as blackened parts of the veins, thus feebler, with the other spots not developed or, if slightly indicated at base of vein between submarginal cells and at base of vein between discoidal and third posterior cells, the wings are at least milky whitish, with the basal comb entirely white, whitish, or very pale yellowish . . 74, 74. (75) Pubescence and bristles on entire bodys sccludine aly the yellowish or brownish hairs on ocellar tubercle and frons, frosty or snow white; wings usually with only distinct blackish infuscations along discal cross vein, apical cross vein of second basal cell and at base (fork) of third longitudinal vein, with the basal comb entirely frosty white; sides of abdomen, or even venter, in both sexes more black 3S 2 molitor Wied. (p. 280). (Syn. =argentifer Walk.) 75. (74) Pubescence and bristles on body not entirely frosty white, with the bristles on thorax and scutellum yellowish or even with distinct pale brownish or chocolate brownish hairs, which are pale yellowish at their bases on abdominal segments 4-7; wings with the same 3 infuscations but also with slight, but distinct, infuscations at base of vein separating submarginal cells and at base of vein between discoidal and third posterior cells, with the basal comb more creamy or more yellowish; sides of abdomen, especially towards apex and on venter often more reddish 76. 76. (77) Pubescence with the bristles on thorax and abdomen entirely white, with the hairs transversely on abdominal segments 4—7 in 2 pale brownish or chocolate brownish, but with yellowish bases; wings with the 3 infuscations, in basal half, more diffuse and more confined to veins alone, with the discal cross vein at about middle of discoidal cell, the discoidal cell being truncate apically; sides of abdomen even in 2 more distinctly reddish: )(= : : ; ‘ : & 2 molitor Wied. (p. 282). (Western Province var.) 77. (76) Pubescence with the bristles in front of wings and on posterior calli on thorax and on scutellum distinctly yellowish, those on abdomen as well as all the hair entirely white; wings with the 3 infuscations in basal 110 Annals of the South African Museum. half confined to the veins, not diffuse, with the discal cross vein distinctly before middle of discoidal cell, and the discoidal cell less broadly truncate apically; sides of abdomen in g at least black 3 molitor Wied. (p. 282). (S.W. African Form.) 78. (67) Head remarkably broad, quite as broad as, or even broader than, broadest part of thorax, with the facial region in both sexes, but especially in 99, also remarkably broad, with the interocular space in 29 broader and more than 4 times as broad as ocellar tubercle, with antennal joint 3 club- shaped, much thickened in basal half and then rapidly narrowed, the apical half or more being very slender; pulvilli, though short, more distinctly developed and longer, visible at bases of claws in both sexes or even extending to near middle of claws; wings more distinctly sub- opaquely yellowish or yellowish brownish in §¢ in basal half from end of costal cell across to end of anal cell, with the spot-like infuscations at base of third longitudinal vein, on apical cross veins of basal cells, at bases of the veins separating discoidal and third posterior and sub- marginal cells, on apical cross vein of discoidal cell, and sometimes even at apex of first posterior cell more evident, distinct, and more conspicuous, with the discal cross vein tending to be much nearer base of discoidal cell; pubescence on front part of body distinctly much shorter, that on thorax much shorter, finer, and more recumbent, sparser on disc, that on face and genae shorter and with more scaly elements, the bristly elements shorter and fewer, that on pleurae shorter, less shaggy, and more woolly in appearance, that on abdomen less dense, shorter, less fine and erect, and less bottle brush-like, the fine pubescence on tergites 5-7 in both sexes, and apical bristles in gg white, the bristles may be brownish in some 99, but with fulvous brownish or brownish tufts of hairs on sides of tergites 2 and 3, or 2-4, or 3-4, and fulvous or brownish short pubes- cence discally across some of these medial tergites in some specimens, and with the bristles across tergites 2-4 in both sexes dark or at least yellowish brown; hypopygium of jg with the beaked apical joints much shorter. ; : . : : : 3 : : ty is 79. (80) Head with the eyes above in g more narrowly separated by width of ocellar tubercle, the upper facets very coarse, with the interocular space in & very broad and at least 64 times as broad as ocellar tubercle, with antennal joint 1 slender and longer, about or at least 4 times as long as 2, with joint 3 relatively shorter, with more or less its basal half broadened, the slender apical part being distinctly shorter, with the proboscis only about 4, or less than 6, mm. long; wings more hyaline, with the costal cell and basal part from end of costal cell to apex of anal cell in ¢ at least tinged paler yellowish brown, with the middle parts of cells in non-infuscated part not greyish and without distinct whitish bordering the veins, with the discal cross vein even slightly nearer base of discoidal cell and with the second longitudinal vein more rapidly turned up at its end; pubescence without any distinct or very dark brownish golden short hairs on sides of thorax in front of wings and discally on each side, with the bristles on venter dark, brownish, or blackish brown, with the tuft of fulvous brownish hairs on each side of tergites 2 and 3 in ¢ less A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 111 conspicuous; claws with the pulvilli in g longer though not quite reaching middle of claws, in 9 confined to base; hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 76) o & bezzit n. sp. (p. 282). (Syn. =molitor Bezz. nec Wied.) 80. (79) Head with the eyes above in ¢ more broadly separated, the space nearly 2 times as broad as tubercle, the upper facets distinctly less coarse, with antennal joint 1 much shorter and only about 2 times as long as 2, with 3 relatively longer, more club-shaped, and less than basal half thickened, the apical slender part thus very much longer, with the proboscis longer, about 6 mm. long; wings in g with the basal part from end of costal cell and across to apex of anal cell darker brownish, becoming more yellowish basally, with the middle of the cells in clearer part more greyish and with a distinct subopaquely whitish border along veins in this part, with the discal cross vein apparently less near base of discoidal cell and with the second longitudinal vein less rapidly turned up at its end; pubescence with distinct fulvous brown or brownish golden short hairs on sides of thorax in front of wings and discally on each side, with the bristles on venter whitish, with the tuft of fulvous brownish hairs on sides of abdomen more conspicuous, and bristly hairs on ocellar tubercle and base of frons darker; claws with the pulvilli very short and confined to base of claws in g; hypopygium (text-fig. 77) ¢ anastoechoides n. sp. (p. 286). GROUP I. SECTION I. B. lateralis ¥F. (Wiedemann, p. 337, Aussereurop. Zweifl. Ins. i, Table IV., fig. 5; Loew, p. 182, Dipt. Faun. Siidafr., 1, 1860; Bezzi, p. 8, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. xvii, 1921.) This species is very easily recognised and is also one of the most striking South African species. Its chief characters are:— Body, including scutellum, predominantly black; head below and face sometimes brownish; pleurae usually dark reddish brown or with reddish brown infusions; legs with the femora black, with the tibiae and greater part of tarsi yellowish brown or yellowish, the apical parts of tarsi blackish; pubescence fairly dense, that on sides of abdomen markedly dense and tuft-like, that on first antennal joints, face, head below, sides of thorax, pectus and on venter also fairly long and denser than on thorax and abdomen discally, the pubescence predominantly dark or black, even the black hair, however, with a brownish, mauvish, or dark rufous tint in certain lights, that on sides of frons towards 112 Annals of the South African Museum. apex with gleaming reddish golden intermixed hairs, with intermixed reddish golden hairs on sides of face and genae, and also with burnished reddish golden hairs on sides of first antennal joints, with the shortish bristly hairs lower down on occiput also gleaming rufous or brownish golden in certain lights, the pubescence on pleurae and especially that, very densely, on sides of venter, when viewed obliquely from in front, gleaming rufous to purplish red, that in metapleural tuft with an admixture of much black hair, with intermixed rufous or reddish golden and black bristly hairs on coxae, the longer hairs and bristly hairs or bristles on thorax above, scutellum, abdomen above and on venter black, with the shorter and finer hairs or scale-like hairs on thorax above, sides of thorax and on scutellum fulvous or reddish to brownish golden in certain lights, with a patch or tuft of hair-like scaling on each side of frons anteriorly, a broad patch on each side of head behind eyes in line with a fairly broad stripe or band on each side of thorax and extending to the base, contrastingly frosty white and very conspicuous, with the scaling on abdomen above depressed and in form of a conspicuous broadish transverse band of frosty white or cretaceous white scaling across the apical part of tergite 2 and basal part of tergite 3, and with the rest of the scaling on abdomen above dark but dirty yellowish or dull ochreous yellowish in certain lights especially in apical half of abdomen, with the scaling on femora dark but with a dull greyish or greasy sheen in certain lights, that on tibiae paler and more whitish; wings as depicted by Wiedemann (Table IV., fig. 5, loc. cit.), with the front half up to end of marginal cell and including alula very dark blackish brown to sooty black, the posterior half hyaline to greyish hyaline but with black spots, the spots arranged as follows: a large one on apical cross vein of second basal cell, another large one on discal cross vein, a fairly large one at base of second submarginal cell, and smaller ones at apex of first posterior cell, on apical cross vein of discoidal cell and at base of third posterior cell, and also with a distinct spot-like darker infuscation in apical part of second basal cell (this latter spot and the large one on apical cross vein of second basal cell with a pale spot between them), with the hyaline hinder part of wing sometimes showing darkish in- fusions in the cells, with the veins black or very dark brownish, with the discal cross vein much beyond middle of discoidal cell, with the second longitudinal vein very rapidly bent or curved hook-like up- wards at end, with the basal comb black, with the fringe of the alula gleaming sericeous whitish to yellowish, with the squamae opaquely very dark blackish brown to black and also fringed with pale sericeous A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 113 whitish or yellowish hairs; halteres very dark or blackish and with blackish knobs. Head with the eyes not visibly sinuate along hind margins, contiguous above in $¢ for a short distance about equal to, or a little longer than, length of ocellar tubercle, the interocular space in 92 on vertex about 34, to nearly 4, times as broad as tubercle; antennae with joint 1 about 24-3 times as long as 2, that of $¢ being usually only about 24 times, with joint 2 longer than broad, with 3 in 33 almost 1} times as long as | and 2 combined, in 99 slightly shorter, almost rod-like, but slightly thicker just before middle or nearer base, ending apically in a distinct conical joint-like basal element, a second short joint-like element, and a terminal style; proboscis rather stoutish, very finely spinulate below, about 3-44 mm. long; palps short and thick. Abdomen rather dorso-ventrally flattened and broad, ovate, with the transverse bristles slender. Legs with bristly hairs on femora below, more developed in 33; middle femora with about 2—4 spines in apical half in front and 1 or 2 behind; hind femora with about 5—10 spines from near base to apex below and with some spines on outer side apically, with all these spines grooved; claws slender, somewhat compressed, rather long, very much curved downwards apically, with the pulvilli well developed and broad. Hypopygivum of 3 (text-fig.2. Side view (a), ventral view (5), and dorsal view (c)) with somewhat sparse, but longish, bristly hairs on dorsum of basal parts (Ba.Pt.), with the inner apical angles (I.Ap.A.) of basal parts pro- jecting prominently apically and provided along their dorsal margins with a row of fine, spine-like bristles; beaked apical joints (Ap.Jt.) more or less triquetrous, the sides dorsally more carinate, the inner side provided dorsally with a tuft or crest of spine-like hairs, longer than the other hairs on the dorsum, with the beak or apical part acute and slightly curved outwards; aedeagus (Ae.) with a long slender and straight apical part, nearly reaching the bases of beaked apical joints, with the base broad, bell-shaped, and with the basally directed aedeagal strut on each side dorsal to middle part (M.Pt.) not visibly projecting basally beyond and above lateral struts (L.Str.); middle part (M.Pt.) prominent and knob-like; lateral struts (L.Str.) strap-like, hollowed out below and curved as shown in figure (6); basal strut (Ba.Str.) fan- shaped in profile and with its dorsal margin deeply cut out (seen in dotted outline). Length of body: about 74-10 mm. Length of wing: about 9-12 mm. Locality South Western Cape Province to Namaqualand. (In the Imperial Institute, British, Transvaal, and South African Museums.) 114 Annals of the South African Museum. B. (Triplasius) bivittatus Lw. (P. 181, Dipt. Faun. Siidafr., 1, 1860; Bezzi, p.8, Ann. 8S. Afr. Mus., vol. xvii, 1921.) This species is apparently an Eastern Province representative of lateralis, differing from lateralis in having 3 submarginal cells in the wings and more extensive infuscations along the veins and cross veins in the more hyaline part of wings. In other respects this species is very similar to lateralis. Loew placed it in a new genus Triplasius, but as this new genus does not differ from Bombylius lateralis, except in having 3 submarginal cells, there is very little structural evidence in support of Triplasius as a separate genus. As these two species of Bombylius are to a certain extent peculiar and different from the more typical representatives of the genus, it is more desirable to refer lateralis to Triplasius as well and thus have them together as was stated by Bezzi. Provisionally Triplasius may be considered as a subgenus of Bombylius. The undescribed ¢ of bivittatus differs from the 2 in having the eyes contiguous above for a distance about equal to the length of the ocellar tubercle. The hypopygium of the 3 is very similar to that of lateralis, but differs in having slightly more numerous, finer and shorter hairs on basal parts above, with the basal processes of basal parts longer, with the inner apical angles in neck region com- paratively broader in profile, more rounded and less acute; beaked apical joints apparently narrower and the beak less curved sideways. Locality.—Eastern Province. (In the British, Transvaal, and South African Museums.) 12 B. namaquensis n. sp. This specimen very closely resembles lateralis and bivittatus, and a comparative description of it is as follows :— Body also black; pleurae with infusions of dark brownish; legs with the femora also black and the tibiae and greater part of tarsi pale yellowish brown; pubescence on body as in lateralis, also predom- inantly black, but with the fine scale-like hairs on frons, on first antennal joints above and on sides of face whitish, the bristly hairs on lower part of occiput straw-coloured whitish, the fine hair-like scaling on dise of thorax predominantly greyish white, only those in bands along the inner side of white bands rufous or reddish golden, the fine erect, somewhat sparse hairs on thorax above and the bristles on sides in front of wings black as in the other two species, the pubescence on A es A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 115 pleurae distinctly paler than in lateralis, straw-coloured, and that on sides of venter also much paler and straw-coloured, not rufous, even that on venter paler, the hairs on coxae composed of black bristly hairs and shorter straw-coloured hairs, with a similar, but distinctly broader, band of dense frosty white hair-like scaling on each side of thorax, in line with a similar patch behind each eye and also a similar tuft on each side of antennae, with the scaling on abdomen above predominantly greyish white, the white on disc thus much more extensive, with numerous intermixed whitish hairs on side of scutellum, with the scaling on femora appearing even a little paler in certain lights than in lateralis; wings (text-fig. 5) with a distinctly more | Text-Fic. 5.—Wing of Bombylius namaquensis n. sp. marbled or mottled appearance, the anterior part, however, also dark blackish brown, but the posterior part more mottled as shown in figure, darkish infuscations and infusions being present along the course of the veins, with the veins dark blackish brown to black, with 3 submarginal cells indicated, with the second longitudinal vein from beyond middle and opposite end of costal cell with 2 or 3 (3 on right wing) appendices, projecting perpendicularly into marginal cell, the vein itself being irregular and sinuous there, with short stumps on vein separating second and third submarginal cells as well (in the right wing one appendix is even joined on to end of second longitudinal vein, thus cutting off another smaller cell at apex of wing), with the first posterior cell longer and narrower than in lateralis or bivittatus, with the discal cross vein at about middle, not markedly much beyond middle, of discoidal cell, with the fringe of alula also pale sericeous yellowish, with the squamae opaquely very dark blackish brown but fringed with straw-coloured hairs; halteres and their knobs dark as in the other two species. Head with the interocular space quite 4 times as broad as ocellar tubercle; antennae with joint 1 also about 3 times as long as 2, with 3 comparatively shorter than in lateralis and much less than 14 times as long as 1 and 2 combined, otherwise as in the 116 Annals of the South African Museum. latter species; proboscis about 4mm. long. Legs with about 4 spines on middle femora in front and 2 behind; hind femora with about 11-13 spines below, the spines themselves shghtly stouter than in lateralis. Type in the South African Museum. 1 Length of body: about 9 mm. Length of wing: about 11 mm. Locality.— Namaqualand: Garies (Mus. ages June 1930). The fact that in this species the veins in the apical part of wings are very unstable, giving off appendices and even cutting off separate apical cells and also that, according to Ricardo (p. 89, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), vii, 1901), the veinlet forming the supernumerary cell in bivittatus is sometimes wanting, is still more evidence in support of Bezzi’s contention that the veins in the apical part of the wings in this section of Bombylius are unstable and not of generic value. SECTION 2. B. bombiformis Bezz. (P. 34, The Bombyliidae of the Ethiopian Region, fig. 1, 1924.) This is one of the most strikingly coloured species in this category. It seems to occur only in the northern parts of the Union of South Africa and in the Rhodesias. Bezzi has fully described both the g and the 2 and has givena drawing of a9. Thespeciesis characterised by its large size, the predominantly black body and legs, though the scutellum is ferruginous reddish laterally, by the presence of a broad transverse band of orange golden pubescence on abdomen above across tergite 2 and basal part of 3 in both sexes, but apparently slightly broader in 99. Pubescence short on thorax, that on tergite 1 and especially on sides black, that at apical part of abdomen in both sexes white, that on venter black, only that at apex white, that on first antennal joints, face, thorax above and below, on scutellum and legs in g¢ entirely black, but with a dark brownish tint in certain lights, that on frons, antennae, face, thorax, front half of pleurae and predominantly on, front and middle coxae in 9? predominantly hoary white, appearing greyish, due to black intermixed bristles on occiput, bristly hairs on thorax above, black bristles and macrochaetal bristles, mesopleural bristles, black post-alar bristles, the pubescence and bristles on scutellum and predominantly in metapleural tuft in 99 as well as hair on legs and especially hind ones in 39 also black; metapleurae to a great extent bare and often showing through dark brownish or A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 117 brownish; wings greyish hyaline, with the basal part and alula brownish, the alula, however, less brownish and more cinereous, with the basal comb in 3¢ black, in 99 black-spined but covered above with white pubescence, with the fringe of the alula more or less gleaming pale brownish, the part of fringe near base white in 92 but very dark brown in 63, with the veins brownish to reddish brown, with the discal cross vein beyond middle of discoidal cell and apex of discoidal cell acute or subacute, a short apical cross vein being sometimes present, with the squamae opaquely very dark blackish brown, TExt-Fic. 6.—Side and ventral views of hypopygium of $ of Bombylius : bombiformis Bezz. fringed with white hair in 99 and blackish hair in §g; halteres dark and with very dark brown or blackish brown knobs in both sexes. Head with the eyes in $d in actual contact above for a distance at least as long as ocellar tubercle, separated above on vertex in 9? by a space a little more than 2 times as broad as tubercle; antennae with joint 1 relatively short, only about 14—2 times as long as 2, with joint 3 thus appearing elongate and more than 2 times as long as land 2 combined, gradually narrowed apically, ending in a conical basal element bearing a short style; proboscis stoutish, about 5-64 mm. long; palps com- paratively short and with some longish, bristle-lke hairs on outer lower side. Legs with dense shortish hair on femora, more con- spicuous in gg, without any spines on front femora; middle femora with 2-8 spines in front and 2-4 behind; hind femora usually with numerous spines, 10—20, below from base to apex on outer side and a few on inner side towards apex. Hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 6, showing VOL. XXXIV. S) 118 Annals of the South African Museum. side and ventral views) with the beaked apical joints triquetrous or triangular; aedeagus short and stumpy and without a ventral process. Length of body: about 95-15 mm. Length of wing: about 13-17 mm. Locality—North Transvaal, South and North Rhodesia, and Nyasaland. (In the Transvaal and South African Museums.) B. analis ¥. (Loew, p. 183, Dipt. Faun. Siidafr. i, 1860; Bezzi, p. 36, The Bombyliidae of the Ethiopian Region, 1924.) This is one of the most conspicuous and easily recognisable species in the southern Ethiopian Region. The body is usually predom- inantly black, the scutellum dark ferruginous reddish and even the abdomen and pleurae sometimes appearing dark ferruginous reddish through the pubescence; legs usually entirely dark, but when denuded the tibiae and tarsi are very dark reddish brown; pubescence dense, that on thorax in both sexes short and with a “shorn off” appearance, predominantly sooty black in $$ and with a brownish tint in certain lights, that on abdomen from apex of tergite 3 or from tergite 4 to apex snow white in 3g, but sometimes with an orange yellowish tint at bases of these white hairs especially on sides of abdomen below, that on frons, first antennal joints, face, entire thorax above and front half of pleurae in 99 dull whitish, greyish white to ochreous yellowish, that on disc of thorax usually with a slightly more yellowish tint even ‘in 9° with dull whitish pubescence, that on greater part of abdomen and on scutellum in 9? black as in 33, but the pubescence on apical part from tergite 4 to apex, as in 3g, snow white but with distinctly more conspicuous or even with entirely orange or reddish orange pubescence ventrally and apically on each side, and sometimes even the entire apical pubescence is yellowish or ochreous yellowish, with the short bristly hairs on ocellar tubercle in some 939, the macrochaetal bristles in front of wings, the post-alar bristles and the erect inter- mixed hairs towards base of thorax above in all 99 black, and in some forms there are numerous blackish hairs on thorax above, blackish bristles on occiput and with much dark hair and black bristles on pleurae, with the bristly hairs on front and hind coxae and sometimes also on middle ones in 92 predominantly black as in gg, with the metapleural tuft predominantly black; wings greyish hyaline and sometimes with a distinct and faint yellowish tinge, with the base and alula very dark blackish brown to almost black, with the basal comb -A Revision of the Bombylidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 119 entirely black in $3, the spines black in 99, but with much whitish or ereyish yellow scaling above in 99, with the fringe of the alula brownish to greyish brown in g3, much paler and more whitish to even snow whitish in 99, with the veins pale reddish yellow te pale brownish yellow in both sexes and thus enhancing the yellowish tinge of wings, with the discal cross much beyond middle of discoidal cell, the short apical cross vein of the latter usually present, with the squamae opaquely almost black, fringed with dark hairs in $¢ and pale or even whitish hairs in 99; halteres dark and with dark knobs in both sexes. TExt-Fic. 7.—Side and ventral views of hypopygium of ¢ of Bombylius analis F. Head with the eyes above in $¢ in actual contact for a distance at least equal in length to ocellar tubercle, separated on vertex in 99 by a space a very little more than 2 times as broad as tubercle; antennae with joint 1 short, only about 14-2 times as long as 2, with 3 more than 2 times as long as 1 and 2 combined, much broadened basally, more rapidly narrowed from about middle to apex, in some gg almost club- shaped in profile, in some 9° even narrowed rapidly only near apex, ending apically in a nodular basal element, a second small conical joint, itself passing into a shortish or blunt stylar element; proboscis stoutish, about 6-7 mm. long. Hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 7) with the basal parts more or less smooth, slightly shagreened above, rugulose on narrow neck region, more so near apical part below, with the inner apical angles or processes projecting bluntly beyond bases of beaked apical joints and with the spine-like bristles along its dorsal 120 Annals of the South African Museum. margin stoutish; aedeagus with the apical part not reaching apex of basal parts, the apex narrow and slightly bent downwards; beaked apical joints triquetrous, the edges being carinate and with a crest of dense setae-like spines on inner margin, longer basally, with the rest of the dorsum of the joints above setiferously punctured. Length of body: about 11-15 mm. Length of wing: about 14-17 mm. Locality.— Whole Southern Africa, including South West Africa. (In the Imperial Institute, British, Transvaal, Natal, and South African Museums.) This common species, contrary to Bezzi’s statement, is not constant in the colour of the pubescence on the head, thorax above, and at apex of abdomen. Some gd have the apical tuft of snow white hairs entirely white, others have reddish or orange yellow developed to a variable extent on sides of this tuft below, and in some the apical tuft is almost predominantly fulvous (see below). Some 92 have pre- dominantly whitish to greyish white pubescence on thorax above, and in others again the entire disc of thorax is distinctly more yellow- haired even ochreous tinted. The apical tuft on abdomen may also be distinctly yellowish or with much orange or reddish yellow tinted hairs. One ¢ and two 99 from the Waterberg Dist. (v. Jutrzencka, 1898-99) in the Transvaal even differ so much from the more typical forms that they may be considered as a distinct variety waterbergensis: 1 3 2 99 B. analis var. waterbergensis n. From the more typical analis this variety differs in having the apical tuft of hair on abdomen entirely orange yellowish in both sexes, in having the whitish pubescence on thorax and upper parts of pleurae in 92 more greyish in appearance due to the presence of intermixed black bristly hairs on occiput and all over the thorax above, the bristles on mesopleuron also predominantly black, the greater part of pleurae not white-haired in front half as in analis s.str. but dark, consisting of brownish hairs intermixed with greyish ones, in having the alular and squamal fringes dark or dark brownish in both sexes and not white as in 99 of analis s. str. Holotype in the Transvaal Museum, allotype in the South African Museum. B. haemorrhoidalis Bezz. (P. 9, Ann. 8, Afr. Mus., vol. xvii, 1921.) This is a very characteristic species, superficially much resembling a large analis ¥’. and easily recognised by the predominantly sooty black “A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 121 pubescence in both sexes, only the apical tuft on abdomen in both sexes is golden orange yellowish. Wings greyish hyaline as in analis, the basal comb, the alular, and squamal fringes in both sexes, however, black or dark brownish, with the discoidal cell distinctly acute apically. Moreover, the species is distinctly larger and bulkier, about 163-17 mm. long and with a wing-length of about 18-19 mm. Hypo- TeExt-Fic. 8.—Side and half of ventral view of hypopygium of ¢ of Bombylius haemorrhoidalis Bezz. pygium of $ (text-fig. 8) with the aedeagus not reaching apex of basal parts, the apical part straight and slender. Locality —S. Rhodesia. (In the South African Museum.) Bezzi (p. 9, loc. cit.) mistook the Q-specimen from “Salisbury (Jack, 20/3/14)” fora g. On p. 33, in his key in the Bombyliidae of the Ethiopian Region, he states that the 2 has whitish hair on the thorax, but on p. 36 he states that the 2 is black-haired like the 2. B. fulvonotatus Wied. (P. 332, Aussereurop. Zweifl. Ins., i, 1828.) This species appears to be fairly common in the South Western and Western parts of the Cape Province, in the Orange Free State, and is also found in the Transvaal. Superficially it very closely resembles analis in the general shape of the body and the black pubescence. Both $3 and 99 are, however, at once distinguished from analis by the presence of a central row of orange golden or fulvous spots on the abdomen above and the absence of an apical patch or tuft of snow white or extensive yellowish hairs. The pubescence on thorax above 122 Annals of the South African Museum. in 99 appears bluish grey due to much intermixed black bristly hairs and bristles, with the hair on first antennal joints and face in 92 also black as in Jd, the pubescence on pleurae in 99, but with some spots of silvery scaling on each side of venter, blackasin Jd; wings asin analis, greyish hyaline, with the base and to a certain extent the alula very dark blackish brown, with the basal comb black in both sexes, with the alular and squamal fringes dark, brownish to blackish brown in both sexes, with the veins pale yellowish brown to pale reddish brown, TExt-FiG. 9.—Side view and half of ventral view of hypopygium of ¢ of Bombylius fulvonotatus Wied. giving the wings a faint brownish or yellowish tinge, with the apical cross vein of discoidal cell on the whole distinctly longer than in analis, the cell thus more truncate apically; halteres and their knobs dark in both sexes; head much as in analis and the antennal joints also very similar, but with the proboscis on the average longer even reaching 9mm.inlengthinsome specimens. Hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 9) differs in many respects from that of analis, with a large patch of setae on dorsum of basal parts and with long setae on outer ventral aspect of neck region and along ventral margin to about the middle, with the inner apical angles in neck region not projecting beyond bases of beaked apical joints, provided along their dorsal edges with about 13-14 stouter spine-like setae; beaked apical joints also more or less triquetrous, hollowed out basally below, the edges sharply carinate, the dorsal edge slightly broader and provided with a feeble crest of spines, with the beak smooth, comparatively broad, not very sharply A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 123 pointed; aedeagus with the apical part elongate, not reaching apices of the inner apical angles of basal parts; lateral struts short and broad; basal strut fan-shaped. In the Imperial Institute, the Transvaal and South African Museums. 2 63 B. vansoni Hesse. (P. 161, Ann. Trans. Mus., vol. xvii, 1936.) Black; integument of body above, anteriorly below on propleurae and venter with a dark bluish submetallic sheen; legs shining black: the hair on body and spines on legs velvety black; the hairs towards apex of abdomen from about segment 4 with whitish apices, only sparsely so on segment 4; a spot of scale-like hairs at base of basal comb of wings, five rounded spots of dense, scale-like hairs along mid- dorsal line of abdomen above (one each on segments 2-6 on their apical halves) and laterally below, on each side, four contiguous spots of denser scale-like hairs in a row on segments 2—5 (thus forming an elongate band), golden yellow or fulvous; palps blackish brown; eyes purplish black; pulvill pallid; wings with the basal parts up to basal cross vein of fourth posterior cell and more or less in anal and axillary cells infuscated dark blackish brown, darker towards the base, the apical halves of anal and axillary cells and apical half of costal cell being only slightly infuscated, very nearly hyaline, with the alula duller, more lamp black, with the translucent spot near apex of second basal cell and beyond base of discoidal cell slightly dull bluish white, with the veins very dark brown, the second longitudinal vein being more brown and the basal parts of the rest of the veins much darker, with the rest of the wings hyaline; halteres dark brown, with the edges of apical cup pallid inside. Head with the narrow inner margins of the eyes above contiguous at a point just before ocellar tubercle, then gradually diverging to a point about as far forwards from anterior ocellus as length of ocellar tubercle, from there the margins diverge more rapidly; frons with depressed hairs, on each side along margins of eyes, projecting anteriorly as tufts at bases of antennae; face bare medially and the hairs laterally not too dense; antennae with joint 3 about twice as long as | and 2 combined, compressed laterally in basal half, broadest basally, thence gradually narrowed to near apex, the apical third being still less narrowed, nearly parallel and slender, with the style short and slender, with joint 2 longer than broad; proboscis about 44 mm. long, straight; palps with the hairs short. 124 Annals of the South African Museum. Thorax with the anterior part above convex, the apical part being very nearly perpendicularly declivous (as in anals F.), with the hair dense, short, and furry as in analis, slightly less dense and shorter on disc, but leaving no bare part, with numerous chaetae in front of wing bases, of which a few are longer than the others and at least 2 are very long; mesopleuron with numerous bristles; wings with the second longitudinal vein straight, but less deeply sinuate at end than in fulvonotatus Wied. and analis F., with base of second submarginal cell much shorter than in the above-mentioned species, with the first posterior cell comparatively more obtuse apically, with the discal cross vein scarcely beyond middle of discoidal cell in type, at about middle in paratype, with the apical cross vein of discoidal cell about as long as discal cross vein and much longer than in fulvonotatus and analis, with the third posterior cell comparatively much narrower, the apex being much narrower than apex of fourth posterior cell, with the basal vein of second posterior cell meeting base of second submarginal cell nearer fork of third longitudinal vein and not at about middle as in fulvonotatus, with the basal comb black; metapleural tuft black. Abdomen with the hair denser apically, becoming longer and sparser and more bristle-like towards apex and the sides apically, especially on hind margins of segments, dense below on venter. Legs with the depressed scales on femora and tibiae black and shining; front femora, apart from the slender hairs, with 4 to 7 short spines on lower outer surfaces and 2 to 4 on the inner surfaces below; middle femora with numerous spines below, more or less in two rows, the outer with about 9-10 long and short ones beginning near base and an inner row with about 8-9 shorter spines beginning at about middle; hind femora with numerous spines below from near base to apex, more or less also arranged in two rows; tarsi with the pulvill shorter than the claws. Hypopygium as shown in text-fig. 10, and compared with that of fulwonotatus (text-fig. 9) it differs in that the basal parts are more compact, the neck region of basal part shorter and less slender, with the beaked apical joint having the beak more acute and more pointed, with the aedeagus broadening more rapidly basally; lateral struts longer and more slender and the posterior aedeagal struts better developed and visible basally; basal strut is also different. Compared with that of analis (text-fig. 7) it will be seen that the beak of beaked apical joint is less slender, much shorter, and the apical spines less developed; the aedeagus is more slender and not bent downwards at apex; the lateral struts are longer and narrower, etc. ~ A Revision of the Bombylidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 125 Type in the Transvaal Museum. Length of body: about 10 mm. Length of wing: about 10-104 mm. Locality.— Gemsbok Pan (Vernay-Lang, Kalahari Exy., 23-4-5/5/30) (Type); Kuke Pan (Vernay-Lang, Kalahari Exp., 21—30/3/30). This species obviously belongs to the analis-section, yet it differs in having the eyes in the 9 very nearly touching at a point in front of TExtT-FIG. 10.—Side and ventral views of hypopygium of g of Bombylius vansont Hesse. ocellar tubercle and the margins of the eyes from thence not parallel. It is related to analis F. and fulvonotatus Wied., from both of which it differs, apart from the differences in wing-venation already mentioned, in not having the eyes contiguous above and in having the black basal infuscation on the wings more extensive and not sharply demarcated along bases of second basal and anal cells. From analis it differs in having fulvous spots on the abdomen and no white tuft of hair at apex; the front femora have short spines, etc. From fulvonotatus it differs in being smaller, in having fulvous spots laterally on abdomen below, a fulvous spot at base of wing comb, ete. B. hypoxanthus Lw. (P. 12, Wien. Ent. Monat., vii, 1863; syn.=plagiatus Bezz., p. 469, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. xvii, 1921.) From Bezzi’s description of the @ of plagiatus it is evident that he had the same species as that of Loew before him, and there is no doubt 126 Annals of the South African Museum. that plagiatus Bezz. is a synonym of hypoxanthus Lw. The Q type of plagiatus Bezz. is not in the South African Museum, but another ? in the collection from the Eastern Province agrees in every respect with Bezzi’s description and also with that of Loew. The species is briefly characterised as follows: Body, including scutellum and legs, black, the tibiae and tarsi, when denuded, however, very dark reddish brown; pubescence dense but on the whole shortish, that on thorax above with a cropped-off appearance especially in the 3 (as yet undescribed), predominantly white on body, that in a tuft on each side of thorax in front of wings and in 3 longitudinal bands on thorax in front (the greater part of disc being bare towards base), that on ocellar tubercle, that to a large extent on scutellum, that on sides of abdomen, more or less in tufts and the macrochaetal bristles, post- alar bristles, scutellar bristles, and transverse bristles on abdomen (where not denuded) black, the bristles towards apex of abdomen whitish apically, with the white hair-like scaling, apart from white pubescence on thorax, head, and pleurae, more or less arranged as 2 spots basally on thorax in front of scutellum, as a large patch basally on each side of tergites 2 and 3, as a conspicuous elongate patch on each side of tergites 2 and 3 (on ventral aspect), as a small central patch apically on tergite 2, a larger one discally and also centrally at apex of tergite 3, and then a broad transverse patch on tergites 4-5 and to a certain extent on 6, with the finer scaling on rest of abdomen above in 9° at least dark or blackish, gleaming graphite-like, with the pubescence on venter in both sexes gleaming golden or fulvous yellowish, and with the pubescence on coxae in both sexes also fulvous or gleaming golden yellowish, with the scaling on femora dark and gleaming greasy brownish in certain lights; wings hyaline but with the base, basal halves of marginal and first submarginal cells, and slightly more than apical half of first basal cell, and a fainter infusion along apical veins of second basal cell and down vein between fourth posterior and anal cells brownish or brown, the costal cell, basal half of first basal cell, and upper basal parts of second basal cell subopaquely yellowish (the yellow thus separating the brown infuscations), with the alula also more cinereous than more hyaline part of wing, with the basal comb black-spined but covered with whitish scaling, with the veins reddish brown, the apical cross veins of first and second basal cells distinctly more darkened and spot-like, with the discal cross vein very much beyond middle of discoidal cell and the latter truncate apically, with the alular fringe and fringe of opaquely dark brownish squamae pale or whitish; halteres dark brownish and with dark ~ A Revision of the Bombyludae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 127 brownish knobs in both sexes. Head with the eyes above in ¢ sub- contiguous for a short distance, subequal in length to ocellar tubercle, widely separated in 99 by a space quite 3 times as broad as tubercle; antennae with joint 1 short, about 14 times as long as 2, with 2 longer than broad, with 3 quite 14 times as long as 1 and 2 combined, laterally compressed, broadest a little before base, then gradually narrowed apically, ending apically in a short basal joint-like element and a second more conical joint which itself ends in a styler element; proboscis about 4-54 mm. long. Legs without any visible spines on TExT-FIG. 11.—Side and ventral views of hypopygium of § of Bombylius hypoxanthus Lw. ( =plagiatus Bezz.). front femora below; middle ones with about 8-11 spines in front and 5—6 (usually small ones) behind; hind femora with about 15-17 spines from base to apex below. Hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 11) with the neck region of basal parts not slender, short, and with the inner apical angles projecting prominently, without a row of distinct spines above, with fewer hairs on dorsum of basal parts than in acroleucus; beaked apical joints slightly thicker and more triquetrous basally, with the apex more acute and longer; aedeagus with a more slender apical part, extending almost to level of base of apical joints, straighter; lateral struts broad, but shorter than in acroleucus. Length of body: about 8-11 mm. Length of wing: about 94-12 mm. Locality EHastern Cape Province, O.F.S., and Transvaal. (In the Transvaal and South African Museums.) 128 Annals of the South African Museum. B. acroleucus Bezz. (P. 9, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. xvii, 1921.) Bezzi based his description of this species on a somewhat denuded 2 in the South African Museum. With a series of $¢ and 2° before me I am able to supplement Bezzi’s description. Superficially this species resembles hyporanthus Lw.in having an entirely black body, scutellum, and legs, in having predominantly white pubescence on the body which is practically distributed in the same way, that on abdomen arranged in the same way: a large patch on each side of tergites 2 and 3 basally, a very large elongated patch on tergites 2 and 3 on TExtT-FIG. 12.—Side view and left ventral view of basal parts and ventral view of genital armature of ¢ of Bombylius acroleucus Bezz. ventral side, a central row of spots apically on tergites 2-4, and also a patch on each side nearer middle on tergites 4 and 5; black bristles distributed in the same way, those towards apex of abdomen as in hypoxanthus with their apical parts also whitish, with the pubescence on venter also fulvous, but the coxal bristles and hairs whitish and not deep fulvous or golden; wings predominantly glassy hyaline and with only the extreme base dark brownish and the costal cell and first basal cell subopaquely yellowish, with the alula greyish hyaline, with the veins distinctly much darker and more blackish brown than in hypoxanthus, with the discal cross vein much nearer middle of dis- coidal cell, the dark brownish opaque squamae also white-fringed; halteres also dark and with dark knobs in both sexes. Head with the - >» _ A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 129 eyes above in $¢ (as yet undescribed) in actual contact for a distance subequal to length of ocellar tubercle, separated in 92 by a space about 3 times as broad as tubercle; antennae with joint 1 short, about 2 times as long as 2, with 2 slightly longer than broad, with 3 more than 2 times as long as 1 and 2 combined, broadened basally, more rapidly narrowed apically in $3, with the terminal elements as in hypoxanthus; proboscis about 5-6 mm. long. Legs sometimes with 1 or 2 small spines on outer side of front femora; middle ones with about 8—10 irregularly arranged spines on front side and about 4-6 behind; hind femora with about 12—22 spines below from base to apex and arranged more or less in two irregular rows. Hypopygium ot 3 (text-fig. 12) with the base of basal parts broad, the neck region comparatively slender and narrow, the inner apical angles blunt, searcely projecting, with short dense bristly hairs on dorsum and no distinct apical spines; beaked apical joints more or less flattened, the dorsal edges slightly carinate, the basal half above of inner edges with longish and dense hairs, denser than those at base, with the apex acute, shghtly curved downwards; aedeagus falling far short of inner apical angles, the apical half slightly directed downwards; lateral struts very broad, their apices being very broad, flattened, and rounded. Length of body: about 83-11 mm. Length of wing: about 94-12 mm. Locality —Karoo: Van Wyk’s Vlei, Cradock, Murraysburg, Middel- burg, Graaff- Reinet, and Willowmore; Namaqualand: Bowes- dorp. (In the Imperial Institute, Transvaal and South African Museums.) SEcTIoNn 3. 4 335 B. arnoldi nu. sp. Body, including scutellum, black; pleurae, where denuded, showing through brownish to dark blackish brown; legs predominantly black, but with the tibiae, when denuded, very dark reddish brown or blackish brown and the basal parts of tarsi also obscurely very dark reddish brown; pubescence on the whole dense, but shortish, that on abdomen slightly longer than on thorax, that on face dense, but distinctly shorter than in the ornatus-series, more like that of acro- leucus and hypoxanthus, that on thorax above, though shortish, not with a cropped-off appearance as in the analis-series, that on face, sides of face, on first antennal joits below, in a scaly tuft on each side of frons, that on occiput, thorax in front above, and also along sides above 130 Annals of the South African Museum. wings, very sparsely on disc, that at base of thorax, that in a con- spicuous tuft behind wing-bases on each side (upper part of meta- pleural tuft), and that on abdomen above, more distinct towards apex, white, appearing hoary or greyish white in certain lights, that on face more distinctly gleaming sericeous or silvery whitish, with the dense scaling behind eyes, a patch of more elongate scaling on each side at base of tergite 2, a smaller and more indistinct patch on each side at base of tergite 3 and a central row of sparse scales, aggregated posteriorly into distinct round patches on tergites 5-7, gleaming silvery white, with the pubescence on head below sparse and whitish, that on pleural parts and on coxae dull brownish or coffee brownish but sometimes with a dull greyish brown shade in certain lights, that in lower part of metapleural tuft, that on sides of abdomen more or less in basal half, and that on sides of venter to apex much darker, very dark blackish brown to black, but having a distinct blackish brown tint in certain lights, that on venter predominantly also very dark brownish to blackish brown, but with some pale intermixed hairs or even sparse tuft-like whitish hairs in basal half, with the bases of individual hairs on abdomen above dark blackish brown and those towards base and on sides basally with only the extreme tips pale or whitish and those discally towards apex of abdomen almost or entirely whitish, with the bristly hairs on ocellar tubercle, those on each side anteriorly on frons and the finer ones on first antennal joints above blackish brown to black, the macrochaetal bristles in front of wings, the post-alar bristles, and scutellar bristles black, the shortish hair on femora below also very dark or blackish, with the scaling on legs dark but gleaming greasily greyish brown or graphite-like in certain lights; wings vitreous hyaline, iridescent, with the base very dark brownish to dark blackish brown, the alula more greyish cinereous, with the basal comb very dark blackish brown to black, with the veins yellowish brown, the costal veins and those in apical part usually darker brownish and those at extreme base in dark basal part also dark brownish, with the second longitudinal vein undulating, with the discal cross being only very slightly beyond middle of discoidal cell, appearing almost at middle, with the discoidal cell itself subacute or even acute apically, with the alular fringe dark and brownish, with the squamae very dark opaquely blackish brown, but fringed with conspicuous and contrasting almost silvery white hairs; halteres very dark blackish brown, with dark knobs. Head with the eyes above in contact for a distance at least 14 times as long as ocellar tubercle; frons with the central groove, vanishing anteriorly; antennae with _A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 131 jomt 1 short, about 2 times as long as 2, with 3 a little longer than 2 times as long as 1 and 2 combined, laterally compressed and in profile gradually narrowed apically, broadest near base, the apical part slender, ending apically in a conical basal element bearing a short style; proboscis about 4-5 mm. long, but even reaching a length of 7 mm. im one specimen, very finely spinulated below; palps short, stoutish, and with longish black hairs on sides. Legs without any spines on front femora below; middle ones with about 1 or 2 shortish spies in front; hind ones with about 10-11 spines from near base to Texr-ric. 13.—Side view and half of ventral view of hypopygium of ¢ of Bombylius arnoldi n. sp. apex of which 5 or 6 are more concenirated near apex; claws with their apices rather rapidly bent downwards. Hypopygium (texi-fig. 13) with the inner apical angles or processes in neck region of basal paris only slightly projecting apically, with longish bristly hairs along its upper margin, with the lower margin of basal paris in neck region arcuately delated or broadened: beaked apical jomts more or less dorso-venirally compressed, the edges carinate, the mner edge with a dense row of backwardly directed spies, the apex acute; aedeagus with the apical part nearly reaching the apices of basal parts, slender and straight, the aedeagal pari not visibly produced basally on each side above the middle part; basal strut scarcely projecting beyond bases of basal paris. Type m the Rhodesian Museum, paratypes im the Transvaal and Lensth of body: about 83-9 mm. Length of wing: about 8-9 mm. 132 Annals of the South African Museum. Locality.—S. Rhodesia: Sawmills (Rhod. Mus. 12/12/26) (Type); Sawmills (Stevenson, 10/12/26). This is an interesting species in that without doubt it belongs to the ornatus-section, but it also shows relationships with preceding series, such as acroleucus and hypoxanthus in the analis-section. In certain respects it seems to represent a sort of bridging species. With the analis-section it agrees in the short first antennal joints, in the position of the discal cross vein (which itself is thus in between the two sections), and in the spines on hind femora beginning nearer base. With the ornatus-section it agrees in having an undulating second longitudinal vein, in having distinct patches of silvery scaling on abdomen, and in the marked dilation of lower margin in neck region of basal parts of hypopygium. The species is named after Dr. G. Arnold, the Director of the Rhodesian Museum, who kindly placed many interest- ing Bombyliuds at my disposal. B. delicatus Wied. (P. 640, Aussereurop. Zweifl. Ins. Nachtr. 11, 1830, and var. mutilatus Bezz., p. 10, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. xviii, 1921.) There seems to be no specific or structural difference between mutilatus Bezz. and delicatus Wied., except that in mutilatus there is no infuscation along the sixth longitudinal vein as in delicatus. A long series, however, shows that this band is variable in its extent and intensity, often being distinct as in delicatus s.str. (in specimens from Portuguese Hast Africa, Zululand, Natal, Transvaal, and S.W. Africa), and extending only slightly in certain specimens, which may be considered as intermediate or transitional. It is, however, entirely absent in the var. mutilatus (mostly from the Hastern Cape Province, O.F.S., Natal, and even Zululand). The species is characterised by a type of wing (see that of mutilatus figured by Bezzi on Pl. I, fig. 1, loc. cit.), the basal dark brownish infuscation of which extends nearly to end of costal cell and then obliquely hindwards to basal third of anal and axillary cells, including also the alula and giving off a spot on discal cross vein and in delicatus s. str., the infusion also extends to a variable extent down the vein separating the fourth posterior and anal cells. Across the middle part this dark infuscation is broadly more yellowish and there is a clear spot at base of marginal cell and another near apex of second basal cell; discoidal cell is rather truncate apically, the cross vein being sometimes quite as long as discal cross vein. The pubescence on body a A Revision of the Bombyliudae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 133 is predominantly black in both sexes, even anteriorly on thorax, with the following spots of brilliantly shining silvery white scaling: a tuft on each side of face, a smaller spot on each side of frons anteriorly, a spot in slight sinuosity on eyes behind, larger in 99, a humeral spot on each side of thorax and in line with them in 99 and some 34, 2 adme- dian elongated patches in front, a spot on each side in front of wings 1n both sexes and in 9? and some g¢ 2 discal spots more or less in line with them, a spot (often absent or very small) on each side above wings, sometimes a spot on post-alar calli on each side, a larger spot TEext-r1c. 14.—Side view and ventral view in part of hypopygium of ¢ Bombylius delicatus Wied. (mutilatus Bezz.). on each side at base of thorax in front of scutellum, a central row of large spots at apices of abdominal tergites, conspicuous transverse patches on each side at base of tergites 2-7 in both sexes and also with some silvery gleaming scales on pleurae, with the scaling on legs dark graphite-like, gleaming greyish, or greasy. Head with the eyes above in gd in actual contact for a distance subequal to ocellar tubercle, the interocular space on vertex in 9? a little more than 2 times as broad as tubercle; frons in 99 tending to be shining black; antennae with joint 1 quite 5 times as long as 2, with 3 quite 14 times as long as 1 and 2 combined, somewhat laterally compressed and tending to be broad and strap-like, ending apically on the outer aspect in a distinct nodular or conical basal element, itself passing into a fine style; proboscis about 34-4 mm. long. Legs slender and with about 4—7 spines in apical half below on hind ones. Hypopygium of 3g (text-fig. 14) VOL. XXXIV. 10 134 Annals of the South African Museum. with the basal parts in mutilatus having only a few long hairs; aedeagus long, straight, and slender, projecting slightly beyond apices of basal part; beaked apical joints long and slender. Length of body: about 33-6} mm. Length of wing: about 44-8 mm. Locality—Cape Province, O.F.S., Transvaal, Natal, Zululand, Portuguese East Africa, Rhodesia, and South West Africa. (In the Imperial Institute, British, Natal, Albany, Transvaal, and South African Museums.) B. plorans Bezz. (P. 39, The Bombylidae of the Ethiopian Region, 1924.) This species described, from the Chirinda Forest, by Bezzi is characterised as follows: Entire body, scutellum, and legs black, the tibiae may, however, be more blackish brown or very dark reddish brown; pubescence on head and face rather long and dense, pre- dominantly black, that across front part of thorax greyish to pale greyish brown in $3, gleaming more brownish in 99, that in front of wings in 99 on each side more tuft-like and more conspicuous, that on middle part of pleurae in 92 also gleaming yellowish brown, with only a few sparse greyish or pale greyish brownish ones on pleurae in 3d, that on rest of body above entirely black in both sexes, but with a characteristic tuft of pale straw-coloured hairs on each side above halteres and behind base of wings in both sexes, with a small spot of silvery scaling on each side of frons and a larger one on each side of face in both sexes, that in 99 being larger and more conspicuous, with some sparse, almost silvery, scaling across front part of thorax in both sexes, with some silvery scaling on each side of abdomen at bases of tergites 2-5 in both sexes, the spot on tergites 2 and 4 and 5 more conspicuous, the latter two even tuft-like and with very narrow cross bands of silvery scaling on venter; wings more greyish hyaline, iridescent, with the base and alula very dark, almost sooty-black, with the veins black, with the discoidal cell more or less acute or very acute apically, the wings themselves narrowish, with the squamae also black and fringed with entirely black hair; halteres black and with black knobs. Head with the eyes in contact above in 33, the inter- ocular space in 99 about 2 times as broad as tubercle; eyes in both sexes with the hind margin slightly sinuate; antennae with joint 3 subequal in length to joints 1 and 2 combined, with 3 rod-like, ending in a style on its outer apical aspect; proboscis about 34-4 mm. long. A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 135 Legs slender and longish; hind femora with about 3-4 spines below in apical half. Hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 15) with rather longish hairs on dorsum of basal parts, the neck region of basal parts slightly arcuately produced (in profile); beaked apical joints some- Text-Fic. 15.—Side and ventral views of hypopygium of § Bombylius plorans Bezz. what triangular, their upper, inner dorsal edge provided with a tuft of longish hairs; aedeagus slightly projecting beyond apices of basal parts. Length of body: about 5-6 mm. Length of wing: about 6-7 mm. Locality.—S. Rhodesia. (In the Rhodesian and South African Museums, in the Imperial Institute and Rhodesian Agricultural Dept.) 1 $12 B. melanolomus n. sp. Body and scutellum entirely black; legs with the femora black, the tibiae scarcely less black, but when denuded with a very dark blackish brown tint; pubescence dense as in other species of the ornatus and plorans series, that on antennae and face slightly shorter than in plorans, that on thorax discally dense and shortish, that on sides of abdomen long, dense, and shaggy as in other species in this series, predominantly black above and below, that on thorax in front on g straw-coloured yellowish to obscure yellowish brownish, that in front on thorax in 2 almost entirely black, but with a few, scarcely per- ceptible, gleaming brownish hairs on humeral part and medially in 136 Annals of the South African Museum. front, with the shorter bristly hairs lower down on occiput in Q distinctly reddish brown or rufous brown in certain lights, with the pubescence on pleurae in both sexes entirely black, but showing very dark blackish brown or purplish tints in certain lights, without any tuft of whitish hairs behind wings, with a small tuft of silvery white scaling on each side of frons anteriorly in both sexes, another larger tuft on each side of face, more conspicuous in 9, a few silvery scales in sinuosity behind eyes, especially in 2, with a few silvery scales near humeral part on each side and 2 admedian spots of very sparse silvery scaling in line with them in 9, but with only very sparse and feeble scattered pale scales across middle of thorax in front in g, with some silvery scaling apically and medially on abdomen above in both sexes, a small patch of silvery scaling on each side basally of tergite 2 and a few silvery scales laterally on hind margins of tergites 3-5 in 9, without any visible silvery scaling on venter in both sexes, with the fine depressed dark scaling on abdomen above in @ at least glittering and gleaming whitish or silvery in certain lights, with the dark scaling on femora graphite-like, gleaming greyish, or greasy in certain lights; wings glassy hyaline, with the base and alula very dark blackish brown or black, with the veins very dark brown, almost black in 2, with the apical part of discoidal cell subacute, a very short cross vein being present, with the squamae black and the fringe entirely black; halteres blackish and with blackish knobs. Head with the eyes in 3 in contact above for a short distance a little shorter than ocellar tubercle, the interocular space in 9 about 2 times as broad as tubercle on vertex, with the hind margins of eyes on side sinuous; antennae with joint 1 quite 4 times as long as 2, with 3 less than 14, about 14 times as long as 1 and 2 combined, more or less rod-like, but shightly stouter in 9; proboscis rather long, about 44-5 mm. Legs slightly stouter in 9, with 4—5 spines in apical half below on outer side on hind femora. Hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 16) similar to that of plorans (cf. text-fig. 15), but beaked apical joints slightly shorter, neck region of basal parts slightly more rounded, the aedeagus less rapidly narrowed, and basal strut much less incised along its dorsal margin. Holotype in the Rhodesian Museum, allotype in the Rhodesian Agricultural Dept. Length of body: about 6-7 mm. Length of wing: about 73-84 mm. Locality.—S. Rhodesia: Cloudlands; Vumbu Mts. (6—17/4/23) (g-type); Umtali (Agr. Dept., Dec. 1934) (?-type). Notwithstanding the fact that the base of the wings in ¢ is slightly A Revision of the Bombyliudae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 137 more brownish and the veins are less black, I am of opinion that these two specimens belong to the same species. From plorans this species differs in having relatively shorter pubescence on face and antennae, shorter first antennal joints, no tuft of whitish hais behind wings, Text-Fic. 16.—Side and ventral views of hypopygium of $ of Bombylius melanolomus n. sp. relatively longer proboscis, entirely dark pubescence on pleurae and relatively broader wings. From lugens Bezz. (p. 40, The Bombyliidae of the Ethiopian Region, 1924) it differs, according to the description, in having less silvery ornamentation on body in @ at least, no con- spicuous humeral patch of fulvous hairs in 9, and much darker to black veins in wings in both sexes. The 3-holotype was labelled by Brunetti as a 2 of plorans Bezz. 6 53 12 B. lugens Bezz. (P. 40, The Bombylidae of the Ethiopian Region, 1924.) Provisionally these seven specimens from South West Africa are referred to lugens with the description of which they agree more than with any other species in this category. As these specimens are some- what denuded, and the @ entirely denuded, undamaged material of the same species may eventually prove to be separate from lugens, in which case the species would, however, very closely resemble the latter. The specimens are characterised as follows:—Body, including legs, entirely black, only the tibiae, in the denuded state, are more dark 138 Annals of the South African Museum. reddish brown; pubescence dense as in other species in this series, that on first antennal joints and face, however, markedly dense and distinctly shorter than in plorans and much denser than in melano- lomus, predominantly black above and below, that on front part of thorax in J¢ straw-coloured yellowish, with sericeous gleams in certain lights, appearing greyish in certain positions and appearing paler medially in front, that on pleurae entirely black but like that on sides of abdomen and venter having a very dark blackish brown or purplish brown tint in certain positions, without any whitish tuft behind wings, Text-ric. 17.—Side and ventral views of hypopygium and apical or dorsal view of beaked apical joint of ¢ Bombylius lugens Bezz. with a small tuft of silvery scaling on each side and just in front of ocellar tubercle in 9, with a tuft on each side of frons anteriorly and a larger one on each side of face in both sexes, the latter tuft more conspicuous in ¢, without any silvery scaling visible on thorax in front in gd ( denuded), with a central row of small spots of silvery scales at apices of tergites on abdomen above in 3, and also indica- tions of silvery scaling on each side at bases of tergites 2-4 in some 33 at least; wings glassy hyaline, iridescent, with the base and alula pale yellowish brown to pale brownish, with the veins pale yellowish and very much paler than in plorans or melanolomus, with the discoidal cell acute or subacute apically, with the squamae opaquely dark blackish brown and fringed with black hair; halteres very dark or blackish and with almost black knobs. Head with the eyes also sinuous behind as in other species in this category, in contact above in 33 for a distance subequal in length to ocellar tubercle, the interocular space in § a little more than 2 times as broad as tubercle; frons in 9 - A Revision of the Bombylidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 139 with the transverse depression rather pronounced; antennae with joint 1 not quite 4 times as long as 2, thus relatively shorter than in melanolomus and distinctly much shorter than in plorans, with joint 3 proportionally longer than in melanolomus and much longer in relation to 1 and 2 than in plorans, but as in melanolomus not quite 1} times as long as 1 and 2 combined; proboscis about 32 mm. long and thus much shorter than in melanolomus. Legs slender and also with graphite-like or greasy greyish scaling; hind femora with about 4—5 spines in apical half on outer side. Hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 17), with the inner apical angles in neck region of basal parts not produced beyond bases of beaked apical joints, apparently without a row of stout spines along its upper edge; beaked apical joints with their apices comparatively blunt and curved slightly outwards; aedeagus with the apical part long, straight, and slender, reaching level of apical processes of basal part. Length of body: about 6-7 mm. Length of wing: about 64-74 mm. Locality. — 8.W. Africa: Kaokoveld; Cayimaeis (Mus. Exp., March 1925). 1 Q@ B. tuckeri n. sp. Black; pleurae, where denuded, more dark reddish brown; legs with the femora black, the tibiae more dark blackish brown; pub- escence as dense as in other species in this series, the bristles on scutellum apparently more prominent than in the preceding three species, the pubescence predominantly black above and below, that on lower part of occiput, on thorax in front and to a certain extent along sides above wings gleaming sericeous brownish or fulvous, but intermixed with dark hairs, with the fine scaling on thorax above especially in front and across base gleaming golden brownish, with some sparse pubescence on pleurae also fulvous or brownish golden in certain lights, with a small spot of silvery scaling on each side just in front of ocellar tubercle, a larger spot on each side of frons anteriorly and a more conspicuous silvery tuft on each side of face, with some silvery white scaling on each side behind eyes, with a brilliantly shining silvery white spot of scaling on each side at humerus and in line with them 2 admedian patches in front, with a spot of silvery white scaling on each side in front of wing-bases and in line with them 2 discal patches and with a roundish spot of brilliantly shining silvery white scales on each side at base of thorax in front of scutellum, with an elongated transverse patch of silvery white scaling on each side at 140 Annals of the South African Museum. base of tergite 2, and much smaller patches on each side at base of tergites 3-6, and also with indications of a central row of small silvery white patches at apices of the tergites, with the fine, hair-like, de- pressed scaling on abdomen above dark, but gleaming brassy or even opalescent in certain lights, without any whitish tuft of hairs behind wings, with the scaling on legs dark and graphite-like, gleaming ereyish; wings vitreous hyaline, iridescent, with the base and alula blackish brown, with the veins brown to dark brownish, with the discoidal cell subacute apically, the cross vein very short however, with the squamae very dark blackish brown and fringed with black hair; halteres dark brownish, with the knobs blackish. Head with the eyes slightly sinuate behind, separated above on vertex by a space about 2 times as broad as ocellar tubercle; frons rather rapidly widening apically; antennae with joint 1 a little more than 4 times as long as 2, with 3 only a little longer than 1 and 2 combined, subrod- like, but apparently thickest at about middle, ending apically in a small, conical basal element bearing a style; proboscis about 4 mm. long. Legs with about 4 spines in apical half on hind femora. Type in the South African Museum. Length of body: about 64 mm. Length of wing: about 7 mm. Locality.—S.W. Africa: Grootfontein (Lightfoot, Dec. 1918). B. ornatus Wied. (P. 345, Aussereurop. Zweifl. Ins., i, 1828; Bezzi, p. 42, The Bombylidae of the Ethiopian Region, 1924.) This species is apparently very common throughout Southern Africa and South West Africa, and there is no doubt that it also appears to be variable. According to Bezzi (pp. 42 and 43, loc. cit., and p. 11, Ann. S. Afr. Mus., vol. xviii, 1921), there seems to be very little difference between the go of ornatus and kilimandjaricus Speis. From labelled specimens in the South African Museum, the 3¢ of ornatus differ from those of kilimandjaricus (as labelled by Bezzi) chiefly by having the tuft of white scales on sides of tergite 4 slightly longer and more brush-like, the apex of discoidal cell more subacute and the base of wings usually slightly darker. The hypopygium shows practically no differences, except that in that of ornatus there seem to be fewer and shorter hairs on the beaked apical joints, the apices of the beaked apical joints appear comparatively shorter, and the apical part of the aedeagus also appears to be slightly shorter and less slender. The A Revision of the Bombyludae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 141 chief difference between 99 of ornatus and kiliamandjaricus, according to Bezzi, is, however, the absence of fulvous hair on the occiput in kilimandjaricus. Whether specimens labelled as kilimandjaricus by Bezzi are specifically identical with the g-kilimandjaricus described by Speiser from Kilimandjaro (see p. 75, Zool. Kilimandjaro-Meru., Exp. II, 1905-1906) is doubtful. Speiser states that the base of the wings and including the alula is blackish grey, and the silvery scaling on sides of abdomen is on last 2 tergites. In all the specimens before me the alula is distinctly subopaquely whitish, only the squamae being blackish, and the long white scaling on sides of abdomen is practically confined on each side of base of tergite 4, though tergite 2 also has a small patch of depressed silvery scaling on each side basally. Pro- visionally I prefer to consider all the specimens before me as belonging to ornatus, a species which is variable to a great extent. The species ornatus is very characteristic and chiefly characterised by having an entirely black body, scutellum, and legs in both sexes, by having the pubescence in gd predominantly black, but that on occiput, front part of thorax, and to a certain extent sparsely on scutellum straw- coloured whitish to yellowish, appearing greyish to even slightly more fulvous in certain lights, that on occiput and front part in typical 99 also more or less fulvous or more straw-coloured yellowish, usually more yellowish than in $3, with the following patches of brilliantly gleaming and very conspicuous silvery scaling on body: a tuft on each side of face in both sexes, but broader in 99, a small tuft on each side of frons in 66, a tuft on each side of frons in front and another one nearer middle and towards base of frons on each side in 99, a few silvery scales on sides of head behind eyes in gg and a much broader and more conspicuous patch in 9?, a humeral patch on each side and a small patch on each side in front of wings in 99, a basal patch on thorax on each side in front of scutellum in 92, some scaling on scutellum in gd, a central row of spots on abdomen above in both sexes, becoming larger apically in $3, a spot on each side at base of tergite 2 in both sexes, a conspicuous tuft of hair-like scales and depressed scales on each side of tergite 4 in both sexes (extending obliquely down on tergites 5 and 6), and the transverse scaling across hind margins of sternites especially on sides and especially in 30, with the pubescence on pleurae sometimes having a distinct coffee- brownish tint in certain lights and with the fringe of the squamae strikingly white in both sexes and the upper anterior part of meta- pleural tuft also strikingly white; wings vitreous hyaline but the base yellowish brown, appearing more blackish at extreme base, with the 142 Annals of the South African Museum. alula subopaquely whitish, with the veins yellowish to yellowish brown, the costal vein darker, with the discal cross vein just before the middle of discoidal cell and apex of discoidal cell either sub- acute or very acute (an apical cross vein practically wanting), with the halteres and knobs black; head with the hind margin of eyes on side distinctly, though only slightly, sinuate or emarginate, the eyes in actual contact above in 3g for a distance at least as long as ocellar TEext-Fic. 18.—Side and ventral views of hypopygium of 3 of Bombylius ornatus Wied. tubercle, separated in 99 quite 2 times as broad as tubercle, with the third antennal joints more or less rod-like, not very much thickened basally, with the proboscis long and slender 44-6 mm. long. Hypo- pygium of 3 (text-fig. 18) more or less typical of this series, with the hairs on dorsum of basal parts shorter than in plorans, the beaked apical joints, as in other species of this section, provided with a crest of bristly hairs on inner upper side. Locality.—Cape Province, Natal, Zululand, Transvaal, O.F.S., S.E. Africa, and S.W. Africa. (In the Imp. Institute, the Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, the British, Transvaal, Durban, Natal, and 8. Afr. Museums.) One 9-specimen from Kimberley, which Bezzi referred to kil- mandjaricus (see p. 11, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. xviii), differs from the more or less typical 99 of ornatus in having 2 shortened silvery stripes discally and centrally on thorax in front, in having all the pubescence on occiput and thorax in front black, in having the silvery scaling on sides of tergites 4-6 shorter, and in having a conspicuous patch of -A Revision of the Bombylidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 148 silvery white scaling on upper half of the sternopleuron. There is no doubt that this specimen differs much from the typical forms and is also different from the Nyasaland @ described as kilumandjaricus by Bezzi (p. 43, The Bombyliudae of the Ethiopian Region). In view of the fact that the sternopleuron is adorned with a very conspicuous patch of silvery scales, this specimen really ought to be referred to a new species, but as the specimen is unique and g¢ are wanting it is provisionally referred to a variety of ornatus. 1 2 B. okahandjanus nu. sp. A somewhat denuded 9-specimen in the British Museum, obviously belonging to the ornatus-series, is characterised by the following characters :— Body entirely black; legs with the femora black and the tibiae very dark reddish brown, almost black; pubescence straw-coloured whitish on antennal joint 1, thorax in front, on pleural parts, in metapleural tuft and venter below laterally, some on occiput and that towards disc of thorax inclining to yellowish, with the hairs on antennal joint 1 comparatively short for this group, fine and not dense, with the bristly hairs on tubercle, frons and genae, the bristles in front of wing-bases and bristly hairs on abdomen above (as far as these have not been denuded in this specimen) black, with silvery white scale-like, flattened hairs in form of a tuft on each side of frons anteriorly, on each side of face (densely), a few on each side of antennal joint 1, a dense patch behind eyes, a spot or patch on humeral angles, in an elongated patch in front of wing-bases, some finer ones towards middle on each side of thorax anteriorly in form of a longitudinal band, dense ones on mesopleuron, some on propleural parts, at base laterally of abdominal segment 2, as tufts on sides of segments 4 and 5 and along sides of venter, conspicuously present and even densely on coxae, femora, and tibiae, especially along lower surfaces, with distinct indications of, and some still adhering, resplendent greenish, bluish, metallic and iridescent, broadish, flattened scales on thorax and scutellum, and purplish red or pinkish ones on abdomen above; wings glassy hyaline, with iridescence, the base, costal cell, and alula sub- opaquely yellowish and the extreme base black, with the basal comb black, but also showing yellowish scaling, the veins pale yellowish brown, with the discal cross vein just before middle of discoidal cell, and the discoidal cell acute apically, with the squamae opaquely blackish brown basally and more whitish towards margin, fringed 144 Annals of the South African Museum. with white hairs. Head with the interocular space about 2 times as broad as tubercle; antennae with joint 1 about 5 times as long as 2, with 3 subrod-like, thicker than 1, subequal to, or scarcely longer than 1 and 2 combined. Legs with about 3-4 shortish spines on hind femora below from just before or about the middle to apex. Type in the British Museum. Length of body: about 6 mm. Length of wing: about 6 mm. Locality.—S.W. Africa: Okahandja (Turner, 12—18/12/27). Hasily recognised by the extensive silvery white scaling on legs and front parts of pleural regions below and by the presence of greenish, bluish, and purplish red, broadish scales on body above as in some species of Chasmoneura. From ornatus it differs in the presence of silvery white scaling on the legs, bluish, greenish, and purplish red ones scattered on body above and also by the pale, short, and finer hairs on first antennal joints. B. rufiventris Macq. (Macquart, p. 116, Dipt. Exot. Suppl. i, 45, 1846; Bezzi, p. 12, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. xvii, 1921.) This species is easily recognised by the whitish hair on the thorax in front in g, the presence of reddish or reddish yellow, depressed scaling on scutellum and disc of abdomen above, especially in. The 9 also has conspicuous spots of silvery white scales on the thorax as well as on the abdomen. From ornatus it may be distinguished by the paler pubescence on body above, the less developed patch of white hair laterally on the abdomen, and the presence of reddish scaling on abdomen above. Hypopygium of 3 does not differ much from those of the other species in this series, with the smooth basal parts provided dorsally with a tuft of longish hairs, with the inner apical parts in neck region not produced; beaked apical joints provided with longish hairs above, longer on inner aspect and slightly longitudinally de- pressed above; aedeagus projecting very slightly beyond apices of basal parts; basal strut racket-shaped and not projecting beyond bases of basal parts. Locality.—S.K. Africa: Natal, Zululand, and East Transvaal. (In the Transvaal, Natal, British, and S.A. Museums and in Imp. Institute.) A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 145 B. elegans Wied. (P. 342, Aussereurop. Zweifl. Ins., 1, 1828; Paramonow, pp. 73 and 74, Trav. Mus. Zool. Kiev. No. 11, 1931; syn. =furiosus Walk., p. 286, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., vol. v (n. ser.), 1860.) From both Wiedemann and Paramonow’s descriptions there is no doubt that furiosus Walk. is a synonym of elegans Wied. This species is easily distinguished from all other species in the ornatus-series by the characteristic tuft of fulvous or orange yellow hairs on each side of the abdomen, the yellowish brown pubescence on thorax in front, and the extensive development of golden brown or reddish golden scaling on scutellum and disc of abdomen, especially in 99, in addition to the bright silvery white spots on thorax and abdomen in 99. It can only be confused with auricomus Bezz. (p. 44, The Bombyliidae of the Ethiopian Region), described from Abyssinia, but also reported from Natal. This latter species, according to the short description, is, however, entirely or predominantly yellowish-haired. Locality.—S8.H. Africa: 8.K. Cape, Natal, and Zululand. (In the British, Natal, Transvaal, and S.A. Museums and Imp. Institute.) SECTION 4. 3 33 B. permiztus n. sp. Body, including proboscis, black; hind margins of abdominal segments above, especially laterally, often obscure reddish, the hind margins of ventral segments narrowly pallid to reddish, with the apical parts of exposed genitalia reddish; legs yellowish, with the basal half of front femora and extreme basal parts of middle and hind ones dark brownish to blackish brown, the last 3 or 4 tarsal joints also darkened, the apices of the claws and the spines on the legs black; pubescence pale, soft yellowish white, that on occiput and front part of thorax, in certain lights paler and more whitish, that on sides of abdomen in basal half distinctly more pale yellowish, becoming very pale yellowish white, almost white, apically; fine bristly hairs on ocellar tubercle, sides of frons, on first antennal joints and on face blackish, with a patch of depressed pubescent hair-like scaling, on each side of antennal joints, shining silvery white; hair below head and on pectoral regions whiter than above, that on sides of pleurae, however, in front of wings a soft pale yellowish white, which, in cer- tain lights, is distinctly yellowish, the metapleural tuft being almost white, with the hair on venter laterally whiter than on abdomen 146 Annals of the South African Museum. above; fine depressed pubescence on body above, especially on abdomen, very pale yellowish white; macrochaetae in front of wings yellowish; wings hyaline, but with an almost imperceptible and very faint yellowish tinge towards base, the costal cell, base, alula and part of first basal cell being more distinctly yellowish, with the small spines of basal comb brownish black and the hair-like scaling behind them yellowish white, the squamae opaquely yellowish and with white fringes, the veins yellowish to yellowish brown, becoming paler and more yellowish towards base; halteres yellowish, with yellowish knobs. Head with the inner margins of the eyes above in contact for a distance subequal to or a little longer than length of ocellar tubercle, diverging posteriorly and embracing the tubercle and very rapidly anteriorly; eyes with the upper facets distinctly coarser and more so anteriorly; frons with a distinct, central, and comparatively broad depression; face with the mystax comparatively well developed; occiput with the hair short; antennae with joint 1 comparatively short and not thickened, about or nearly 24 times as long as 2, with 2 longer than broad, with 3 (terminal joints excluded) a little less or about 14 times as long as 1 and 2 combined, slightly constricted at base, compressed in basal half and, seen from side, club-shaped, being broadest in basal half or third, broadest across basal fourth, more or less rapidly narrowed to middle and from there parallel, the apex, however, being broadened again, with the basal terminal joint com- paratively long, narrower basally than apex of 3, gradually attenuated and longer than the comparatively short and stout style; palps dark brownish, comparatively long and slender; proboscis about 4-5 mm. long, the numerous spinules below distinctly visible. Thorax com- paratively convex discally, with 3 or 4 distinct macrochaetae on each side in front of wings, the bristles on posterior calli and scutellum very feeble; wings with a comparatively poorly developed basal comb, the second longitudinal vein only slightly undulating, discal cross vein very much before middle of discoidal cell (almost Systoechus-like, the first basal cell being only slightly longer than the second), the discoidal cell acute apically and the alula comparatively large. Abdomen with the hair fine and soft and without any distinct stouter hairs or bristles across hind margins. Legs with longish hair on front and middle femora below and basally only on hind ones; front femora with an insignificant spine on outer lower and apical aspect; middle ones with 1 or 2 feeble spines in front; hind femora with about 8-10 spines below from near base to apex or at least from before middle and with about 3-5, often pallid, spines on inner apical aspect below; claws -A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 147 more or less rapidly curved downwards from about middle to apex and the pulvilli just reaching curved apices. Hypopygium (text-fig. 19) with the basal parts provided dorsally with hairs in punctures, with the neck region narrow and not dilated along its lower inner margin, with the inner dorsal margin raised slightly crest-like, produced apically as long inner apical processes, projecting much beyond bases of apical beaked joints, broad and strap-like with rounded apices Text-Fic. 19.—Side and ventral views of hypopygium, dorsal view of inner apical process, and dorsal view of beaked apical joint of ¢ Bombylius permixtus Nn. Sp. (shown also from dorsal aspect); beaked apical joints more or less elongate, armed above with a crown of dense spine-like hairs, produced apically into a-long slender pointed beak; aedeagus not reaching bases of apical joints, without any distinct ventral aedeagal process, but with basal part below slightly projecting and raised, the basally directed aedeagal struts visibly projecting; lateral struts shoe-horn shaped; basal strut projecting beyond bases of basal parts, racket- shaped, but with a deep dorsal sinuosity, the dorsal part of which is pointed and projecting. Type in the 8. Afr. Museum. Length of body : about 74-8 mm. Length of wing : about 8-8} mm. Locality. —S.W. Africa: Kaokoveld; Cayimaeis (Mus. Exp., March 1925). 148 Annals of the South African Museum. 1 3 3 9° B. subacutus n. sp. Together with permiztus, there are a 3$-specimen and 3 9? from other localities, which also belong to this section. The ¢ differs from permixtus in having a slightly more yellowish pubescence in certain lights on the thorax and a distinctly more golden yellow patch on each side of antennae, a few distinct dark hairs are present on each posterior callus; first, second, and basal half of third antennal joints are reddish yellow, the third joint is comparatively much less thickened in basal half and there also less broad, more distinctly hairy, and the apex less dilated than in permixtus; coarser facets on eyes above slightly more extensive; palps yellowish, only the apices being darkened; metapleural tuft distinctly more yellowish; wings with a feeble cinereous or greyish tinge, with the costal cell, first basal cell, extreme base and alula distinctly darker, more yellowish brown, and there are distinct infuscations just below fork of second and third longitudinal veins, on discal cross vein and on basal cross vein of fourth posterior cell; the veins are also comparatively darker towards base, the squamae also with a shghtly more yellowish fringe, the apex of discoidal cell much less acute and the cross vein distinct but short; legs entirely yellowish, only the last two tarsal joints blackish, the middle femora with | or 2 distinct apical spines above and the lateral anterior ones insignificant, the hind ones with about 10-11 spines below, the claws comparatively longer, not sickle-shaped and almost straight, only very slightly bent; pulvilli very small, confined to base, almost invisible; abdomen with a few intermixed dark hairs laterally. Hypopygium like that of permiatus, but the dorsum of basal parts with comparatively fewer hairs; beaked apical joints with relatively longer and sharper beaks; lateral struts comparatively narrower and the basal strut more chopper-shaped, less broad, the dorsal sinuosity less deep. The three somewhat denuded ?-specimens, which I take to belong to the same species, differ from the g-holotype in having only the extreme apex of third antennal joint blackish and the joint itself comparatively more thickened in basal two-thirds; face reddish; macrochaetae in front of wings and bristles on posterior calli stouter, stronger developed and more reddish or orange golden; bristles on scutellum stouter and blackish; abdomen above with distinct stouter and longer bristles in transverse rows across hind margins; these are composed of yellowish and blackish ones intermixed, the venter with blackish ones towards apex; interocular space less than 3 times, only _ A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 149 a little more than 2 times, as wide as ocellar tubercle; frons with more extensive yellowish golden pubescence, more or less concentrated as a more whitish patch on each side of antennae; the bristles on ocellar tubercle, sides of frons, on antennae and in mystax yellowish, only a few bristles blackish on sides of genae above; wings with the cinereous tinge more evident and the costal and basal infuscations slightly more reddish brown; legs with the 10-11 spines below on hind femora much stouter. Types in the 8. Afr. Museum. Length of body: about 7-84 mm. Length of wing: about 8-10} mm. Locality. — 8.W. Africa: Kaokoveld; Cayimaeis (Mus. Exp., March 1925) (Holotype); Kamanyab (Mus. Exp., March 1925) (Allotype); Kaross (Mus. Exp., February 1925). 1 g, 1 9 B. cockerell, n. sp. Black; narrow front margin of face and the buccal rims pale yellowish brown; legs predominantly yellowish, the trochanters and coxae being much darker and more brownish, with the upper apical surfaces of the femora and upper parts of the tibiae more or less blackish-scaled, with the spines black, the last 3 or 4 apical tarsal joints as well as apices of the claws black; pubescence predominantly whitish, with, however, some depressed and also shortish erect yellowish or pale brownish golden pubescence on thorax above towards front part and also basally in 9 at least (as far as the hair above has not been denuded in this 2 specimen), with the short depressed pubescence on abdomen above (as far as it is still visible) as well as some longer hairs on sides of segment 3 and intermixed ones towards apex on segments 5-7 in Q, also pale brownish golden or yellowish sericeous, with the pubescence on body below predominantly and markedly whitish, with the bristly hairs on ocellar tubercle, frons, on antennal joint 1 above and intermixed on face and genae (denser on genae) in both sexes, some intermixed bristly hairs on sides of segments 1 and 2, distinctly more numerous and conspicuous ones on sides of 3 and numerous transverse ones apically on 5-7 in at least, black (most of the bristles on abdomen above have been denuded, but apparently are dark posteriorly, becoming paler towards base and that of g is entirely denuded), with the bristles in front of wing-bases sienna brownish; wings vitreous hyaline, with the base, costal cell and basal half of first basal cell subopaquely yellowish white, slightly VOL. XXXIV. 11 150 Annals of the South African Museum. more distinctly yellowish at base, with the basal comb black, the veins dark brownish, becoming paler towards base, with the discal cross vein a little before middle of discoidal cell, the squamae whitish opaque, dark-bordered, and white fringed; halteres pale yellowish, with the knobs dark blackish brown above and laterally. Head with the interocular space, at narrowest part in 2, about 2 times as broad as tubercle, in ¢ in contact above; antennae black, with joint 3 scarcely broadened basally, rapidly tapering only in apical fourth, with scattered short hairs visible above in certain positions, with at least the first terminal joint distinctly separately visible and with 2 and 3 fused but prominent; proboscis about 5 mm. long and with the fine spinules on its surface rather distinctly visible. Legs without any spines on front femora below, with about 1 spine on middle ones in front and with about 13 spines on hind ones below from near base to apex and with rather numerous spines apically above on hind ones; claws rather rapidly bent downwards apically and with the pulvilli about reaching the apices of claws. Hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 20) showing dorsal, lateral, and ventral views of the raised crest-like inner apical dorsal margin (Cr.) in neck region of basal parts which is very prominent in this species; dorsum of basal parts with setiferous punctures; aedeagus with a bell-shaped base and no process below. Types in the Imperial Institute of Entomology. Length of body: about 9 mm. Length of wing: about 93 mm. Locality.—N.W. Karoo: Calvinia (Mrs. Cockerell, 11-16/11/31) (Holotype). 8. Karoo near Oudtshoorn (Mrs. Cockerell, 1/11/31) (Allotype). TEXxtT-FIG. 20.—Side view and half of ventral view of hypopygium of 3 of Bombylius cockerelli n. sp. _A Revision of the Bombylidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 151 This species is easily recognised by its predominantly whitish pubescence, yellowish legs, which have black spines, etc. It appears to be a Karoo representative of this section with yellowish, but black spined, legs and pale coloured pubescence to which permixtus and subacutus from 8.W. Africa also belong. The $ specimen, though very much denuded, obviously belongs to this species. 1 2 B. karasanus n. sp. Body, including scutellum and antennae, black; legs yellowish red, the extreme apices of femora (or knees) and apical parts of tarsi, however, darkened, with the spines on femora and the spicules on tibiae and tarsi black and with a tendency for the minute scaling on outer surfaces of the tibiae to be black, the scaling on femora, however, sericeous whitish; pubescence not very dense and long, that on abdomen towards apex the longest, that on frons, face, and genae not very dense, predominantly sericeous whitish, the scaling along inner margins of eyes more silvery, with the dense bristly hairs on occiput appearing more whitish in certain lights, the hair on thorax above comparatively sparse and whitish, but appearing greyish in certain lights, that on sides in front of wings gleaming more sericeous, the more woolly pubescence on pleurae duller and frosty white, the bristly hairs on coxae, however, gleaming sericeous whitish, with the sparse hair-like depressed scaling on thorax sericeous yellowish but frosty whitish on the two whitish longitudinal lines over disc, with the pubescence on abdomen (as far as this is not denuded) composed of depressed, flattened, frosty white scaling and sericeous yellowish to golden scaling and silvery or sericeous whitish gleaming hairs and bristly hairs the bases of which are distinctly golden yellow towards apex at least and intermixed with which there are transversely towards apex blackish hairs and also distinct blackish hairs on sides of abdomen, on tergites 2 and 3, the short erect hair on sides of tergite 1 entirely white, with the dense scaling and hairs on venter pre- dominantly white and that on extreme sides of abdomen also white, with the macrochaetal bristles on each side in front of wings gleaming reddish yellow, the feebler bristles on post-alar calli and across hind margin of scutellum predominantly whitish, their bases however more yellowish, without any distinct and stout transverse bristles across hind margins of abdomen; wings rather elongate, having the shape characteristic for permixtus, subacutus and cockerelli, glassy hyaline, the base, alula, and costal cell more subopaquely whitish, with the 152 Annals of the South African Museum. basal comb black, with the veins dark blackish brown, becoming more brownish to yellowish brown towards base, the veins at base being yellowish brown excepting the dark costal vein, with the discal cross vein much before middle of discoidal cell, the discoidal cell subacute apically, the apical cross vein short but distinct as in subacutus, with the squamae subopaquely whitish and fringed with white hairs; halteres pale yellowish brown, with the knobs very dark brown above. Head with the interocular space on vertex about 24 times as broad as ocellar tubercle; antennae with joint 1 slightly thicker apically than basally, about 3 times as long as 2, with joint 3 (including terminal elements) quite 2 times as long as 1 and 2 combined, broadest near base (profile), then gradually narrowed apically, the apical half, however, equally thick and rod-like, with the terminal elements well developed as in subacutus and the other species in this series, composed of more or less 3 distinct and separately visible elements, a short basal joint, a longer second joint, and a bluntish short stylar element; proboscis long, about 5 mm. long, the apical lobes of labella broadish and rounded, the proboscis itself apparently less spinulose than in the other species; palps dark, but whitish-haired. Legs without any spines on front and middle femora; hind ones with about 8-9 spines from near base to apex on outer side below and 1 or 2 smallish ones on inner side towards apex; claws curved down apically and the pulvilli well developed, extending to middle, or even slightly beyond middle, of claws. Type in the South African Museum. Length of body: about 9 mm. Length of wing: about 9$ mm. Locality.—S.W. Africa: Great Namaqualand; Great Karas Mts. (Mus. Exp., Nov. 1936). This species is easily distinguished from subacutus by the black antennae, black face, predominantly whitish pubescence, dark veins in wings and claws which are distinctly curved down apically and which have well developed pulvili. From permiztus it may be distinguished by the more whitish pubescence above and below, the more rod-shaped third antennal joints, darker wing-venation, and less acute discoidal cell. From cockerelli, which it more closely resembles, it may be distinguished by having an entirely black face, absence of black hairs on antennae, face, and genae, slightly broader interocular space, slightly more basally thickened third antennal joints, and slightly less obviously spinulated proboscis. The above four species together show a mixture of characters, A Revision of the Bombyludae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 153 which show affinities with members of section 3, such as the presence of silvery patches on each side of antennae (permiztus and subacutus), the acuteness of the discoidal cell and the position of the discal cross vein, which is even nearer the base of the cell. With members of group 2, they agree in being yellow or whitish-haired, having yellow legs, etc. To a certain extent they also show affinities with the mollis-series in having black spines on the legs. The wings are peculiar in that they are relatively elongate and narrowish in all four species. SECTION 5. B. mollis Bezz. (P. 15, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. xvii, 1921; Bezzi, p. 54, The Bomby- lidae of the Ethiopian Region, 1924; syn.=disjunctus Bezz., p. 15, Ann. 8S. Afr. Mus., vol. xviu, and p. 54, loc. cit.) In the collections before me there is, in addition to the 3-type of mollis and a 2 specimen from Salisbury (24/4/17) labelled as a 3-disjunctus Bezz. by Bezzi, a series of 3g and 92 which obviously belong to the same species. The 33 agree in every respect with the 3-type of mollis and the 99 with the 9-specimen of disjunctus (mistaken for a g by Bezzi) and also with the long description of disjunctus (Bezzi, pp. 54-55, The Bombyliidae of the Ethiopian Region). There is no doubt that Bezzi did not examine the genital segment of the Q-specimen in the South African Museum, which he referred to a 3-disyunctus. Owing to the fact that in mollis the terminal abdominal segments are somewhat telescoped, a mistake in distinguishing the sexes is easily made. As this species is practically unique in having the interocular space in 99 very narrow, there is no doubt that all Bezzi’s specimens of disjunctus from Nyasaland, Abyssinia, Kenya, Uganda, and Natal described as $9 of disjunctus will, on examination, prove to be 99 and moreover the 99 of mollis. The interesting com- ments of Bezzi on p. 54 (loc. cit.): “. . . The following description also applies in most points to the preceding species (i.e. mollis), and it would seem that the two species exist side by side; yet it 1s very curious to note that in both cases, as in all the known species of the B. mollis-series, only males are known . . .”’ seem to support my contention that disjunctus Bezz. is a synonym of mollis Bezz. of which it represents the female sex. This species, as based on the 3-type and the series of ¢¢ and 92 from southern Africa, is characterised as follows: Body, including scutellum, black, with the pleurae some- 154 Annals of the South African Museum. times infused with reddish brown or yellowish brown around the sutures, with the abdomen characteristically cordiform in shape, broad, its apical part appearing truncated due to the terminal seg- ments being telescoped or tucked in under segment 5; legs yellowish, only the knees on outer side may be darkened and the apical parts of tarsi also darkened, with the spines on femora below and the spicules on tibiae and tarsi black; pubescence dense, but not markedly long, that on thorax above with a somewhat shorn off appearance, especially in gS, that on sides of abdomen the longest and tuft-like opposite the segments, that on body above predominantly creamy yellowish, greyish yellow to pale golden yellowish, that on pleurae, especially lower part, and on coxae paler, appearing more creamy whitish in certain lights, that on face gleaming more sericeous yellowish, that on genae more brownish, that on face in ¢¢ with distinct dark or blackish hairs projecting apically beyond apices of pale hairs, the hairs on lower parts of genae in both sexes also predominantly dark, but more so in dd, and in 3 also with a row of dark hairs or some dark hairs on sides of face, with the bristly hairs on first antennal joints in gd predom- inantly dark blackish brown, in 92 with more numerous yellowish or pale ones, the bristly hairs on ocellar tubercle and on sides of frons in both sexes very dark blackish brown or black, with intermixed fine erect hairs on disc of thorax and basally, intermixed bristly hairs on post-alar calli, on disc and across hind margin of scutellum and the transverse bristly hairs across hind margins of abdominal tergites from 2 to apex, denser, longer, and more conspicuously tuft-like on sides of tergites 2-4, black, the bases of the black hairs on abdomen at least paler and more yellowish in certain lights, with the 2 macrochaetal bristles in front of wings yellowish, with the pubescence on venter predominantly pale creamy yellowish, appearing whiter along sides where the pubescence is also denser and longer, with the fine depressed scaling on frons in 99 brassy or golden yellowish, that on thorax above, on scutellum and much denser to very dense on abdomen above, gleaming brassy to golden yellowish, with the scaling on legs dull whitish, but with feeble yellowish tints in certain lights; wings rather narrowish and pointed, especially in 3g, vitreous hyaline to even slightly greyish hyaline, the basal part, costal cell, bases of marginal and first submarginal cells, the greater part of first basal cell, to a certain extent the second basal cell and extreme base of anal cell in $3 usually darker and tinged more subopaquely yellowish brown or yellowish than in 99 where it is more subopaquely greyish, with the basal comb poorly developed and blackish but with pale scaling above, A Revision of the Bombyludae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 155 with the veins brownish yellow to dark brownish and even very dark brownish in some specimens, the costal and first longitudinal veins usually appearing darker, with the first posterior cell sharply and angularly acute apically, the stalk shortish with the discal cross vein before or even much before middle of discoidal cell, with the discoidal cell subacute apically, with the alula more greyish hyaline than hyaline part of wing, its fringe darkish, but the much longer hairs near base yellowish, with the anal cell comparatively not very broad, with the squamae subopaquely yellowish brown or pale yellowish brown and fringed with creamy yellowish hair; halteres pale yellowish brown, with very pale yellowish spherical knobs. Head with the eyes above in $3 in actual contact for a distance at least as long as length of ocellar tubercle or at least subequal to its length, separated above on vertex in 92 by a space which is remarkably narrow, at narrowest part only about 14-14 times as broad as narrowish tubercle, the inner margins of eyes then subparallel for a distance nearly or quite 2 times as long as ocellar tubercle before they gradually diverge apically, the frons in 9° thus narrow and elongate; eyes in 99 with the facets in upper anterior part very much coarser than on rest of eye, and also unique in being distinctly coarser than in gg; face in 99 also remark- able in being slightly narrower than in gg; antennae with joint 1 about 33-4 times as long as 2, with 3 quite 14 times as long as 1 and 2 combined, broadest before middle, narrowed apically and slightly more so dorsally, the joint in profile thus appearing slightly humped, the apical part slender, ending apically in a distinct nodular and joint-like basal element, passing into a second conical joint-like element which itself passes into the somewhat blunt stylar element; proboscis long, about 54-64 mm. long; palps short, thick and with longish hairs on side. Legs with sparse and longish hairs on femora below, without any spines below on front femora; middle ones with some minute ones below; hind femora with from 5-11 spines below from just before, or even from, middle to apex (the gd usually with more numerous spines) on outer side and a row of small ones on inner side; claws sickle- shaped and the pulvilli well developed; anterior tarsi in 92 with the joints not modified or thickened. Hypopygiwm of 3 (text-fig. 21) is characterised by the well-developed inner apical angles or processes of basal parts, which are broad, flattened, projecting prominently beyond beaked apical joints and are rounded apically, provided with dense, short hairs along dorsal margins; beaked apical joints remark- able in that they are more or less laterally compressed, flattened in apical half, and their apices are bluntly rounded and not acutely 156 Annals of the South African Museum. pointed as in other species of Bombylius; aedeagus with the apex not projecting beyond bases of beaked apical joints, broad in basal half. In the Imperial Institute, British, Natal, Transvaal, and South African Museums. Length of body : about 8-10 mm. Length of wing : about 8-9 mm. Locality—_S.E. Cape Province, Karoo, Natal, Transvaal, Rhodesia, and, according to Bezzi, Hast and Central Africa. The species is easily recognisable by its cordiform abdomen, its narrow interocular space in 99, the tufts of black hair on sides of TEext-Fic. 21.—Side view and half of ventral view of hypopygium of ¢ of Bombylius mollis Bezz. ‘abdomen, and by the apically acute first posterior cell. There is no doubt that this species, which is so widely distributed in Africa and southern Africa, is variable to a certain extent, especially in the colour of its pubescence and the intensity of the darker basal infusca- tion or tinge in the wings of the gg. Even the discal cross vein is not always and constantly situated at one place. In one $ from the Karoo the discal cross vein is even at about the middle and not just or even much before middle of discoidal cell as in the majority of specimens. The number of spines on hind femora is also variable. This species is retained in the nubilus-section, to which Bezzi referred it, but as there are no other species in the collections before me which can be placed with it, mollis at present is the only South African repre- A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 157 sentative of this section. Whether it really does come in the same category as the Palaearctic nubilus Mik. and pilirostris Lw. and the Tropical African species erythrocerus Bezz., neithokris Jaenn., paral- lelus Bezz., terminatus Beck., femoralis Bezz., and melanopus Bezz. I am not able to state without having seen representatives of these species. GROUP 2. B. globulus Bezz. (P. 17, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. xvii, 1921.) A very long series of this species before me shows that it is subject to local and regional variations, ranging from very small individuals to comparatively fairly large specimens. The chief characteristics of this small species are:— Body appearing humped owing to the longish, shaggy pubescence on anterior half of thorax, is predominantly black above and even below, with the antennae or sometimes only joints 1 and 2, sometimes the face, the greater part of proboscis, the sides of abdomen broadly in $3, the hind margins of apical abdominal segments in 99, the pleural parts to a varying extent (more often only sutural parts), and the legs yellowish to pale yellowish red or reddish; pubescence rather long, dense, and shaggy, varying from silvery whitish on thorax and abdomen above in $¢ to sericeous yellowish or even distinctly yellowish in some g¢ and in majority of 92, that on pleurae and body below paler and usually more distinctly whitish in both sexes, that on abdomen above in some 99 also less yellowish than on thorax, that on ocellar tubercle, frons, antennae, and face also ranging from straw- coloured whitish to distinctly yellowish; wings rather narrowish and elongate, apparently more so in g6, clear-hyaline in 99 or only very shghtly tinged yellowish at extreme base, distinctly and conspicuously tinged yellowish to pale yellowish brown in 3d, only the apical part beyond or from apical part of first posterior cell being more hyaline, the yellow also deeper towards base and sometimes very much so in some $3, the veins brownish, becoming paler towards base, with the discal cross vein distinctly before middle of discoidal cell. Head with the eyes in $¢ separated above by width of ocellar tubercle, in 92 by a space a little less than 3 times as broad as tubercle; eyes usually reddish or purplish red; antennae with joints 1 and 2 combined subequal to or even distinctly shorter than 3, with 3 often darkened, 158 Annals of the South African Museum. broadest nearer base, not compressed, rapidly narrowed apically, the apical part or half being slender, often giving the joints a distinct club-shape, with the terminal style slender and straight; proboscis varying in length from 2-4 mm., the labella usually blackened; palps shortish and pallid. Legs with about 3-5 slender spines in apical half on hind femora. Hypopygiwm of 3 (text-fig. 22) with the beaked apical joints having their apices usually bent downwards and then TExtT-Fic. 22.—Side and ventral views of hypopygium, dorsal view of beaked apical joint, and side view of base of basal strut of J Bombylius globulus Bezz. outwards, and basal strut long and bat-shaped and with a distinct dorsal process at base (shown between the two figures). Length of body : about 34-6 mm. Length of wing : about 4-6} mm. Locality — Namaqualand, Nieuwveld Karoo, South and South Hastern or Little Karoo. (In the Imperial Institute, British, Transvaal, and South African Museums.) The typical form from Namaqualand usually has the pubescence on body of gg above silvery or silky whitish, the antennae usually entirely pallid or yellowish, and the reddish on sides of abdomen, especially in $3, very extensive, and the proboscis tends to be shorter. A series of specimens from “Teekloof” in the escarpment between Nieuwveld Karoo and Gouph Karoo differs in having the pubescence in both gg and 92 yellowish to pale golden yellowish, darkish third antennal joints, and more extensively red or even entirely reddish pleurae and venter. Specimens from Worcester and Matjiesfontein in the British Museum differ from the typical Namaqualand form in having the abdomen in 33 less extensively reddened on the side, and A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 159 the apex is also less conspicuously red, the dark third antennal joints appear to be slightly shorter, the pubescence is also more yellowish, and the proboscis is on the whole longer as in the Teekloof series. Finally there is a very small form, 33-4 mm. long, having yellowish pubescence in both sexes, almost entirely black abdomen in both sexes, black pleurae and apparently slightly longer wings. B. globulus is one of the commonest Bombyliids in some parts of Namaqualand and the Karoo. It usually settles on the sand and is also very fond of frequenting the flowers of Mesembryanthemums. B. eurhinatus Bezz. (E16. Anais. Afe. Mus., vok xviii, 1921.) This species was described by Bezzi from three 9° in the collection of the South African Museum, one 2 of which was named eurhinatus by Bigot but was not described. In the material before me there are both 99 and 36, the latter as yet undescribed. The characters of this interesting species are as follows: Body black, but with the occiput just behind ocellar tubercle in 92, the frons, antennae, face, genae, head below, greater part or entire proboscis, palps, to a certain extent propleural part in both sexes, mesopleural and metapleural infusions especially in 99, the humeral part on each side especially in 99, the post-alar calli and the greater part of scutellum in both sexes, the sides of abdomen very broadly in 33, margins on sides of tergites in some 09, the last tergite in both sexes or in some 99 at least greater part of last tergite, the greater part of venter in Jd, the broadish hind margins of most of the sternites in 99 or at least basally or apically, the coxae and legs yellowish to pale reddish yellow, the apical part or apical undersurface of the proboscis and the last tarsal joints may be darkened, the apical part and in g¢ the front femora are sometimes darkened basally; pubescence on the whole sparse and shortish on head in both sexes, predominantly yellowish to fulvous yellowish, that towards apex of abdomen both on sides and above becoming paler, more creamy yellowish to whitish, that on thorax in front and on sides in front of wings with reddish or pale purplish reddish gleams in certain lights, that on pleurae with distinct pale pink mauvish gleams especially along middle, that on head below paler and more whitish, that on coxae more pale yellowish, but also with admixed pale pink mauvish elements in some specimens, that (slightly tuft-like) above front coxae and sometimes extending on to sternopleuron gleaming more whitish in some specimens, that on venter pale pink mauvish 160 Annals of the South African Museum. or pale reddish mauvish to fulvous, but with the bristly hairs basally gleaming more whitish, with the shortish ocellar bristly hairs, the short bristles on frons laterally, the bristly hairs on first antennal joints, the sparse and short bristles on sides and front part of face, the macro- chaetal bristles in front of wings, the mesopleural bristles, the longish post-alar bristles, longish scutellar bristles, and the transverse ones on abdomen gleaming pale reddish yellow, those on abdomen, however, paler and more sericeous yellowish and even paler apically, the short and fine depressed pubescence on head gleaming sericeous yellowish to pale golden yellowish, the scaling on legs gleaming very pale yellowish white to whitish; wings glassy hyaline, but with the base, costal cell, basal half of marginal cell, base of first submarginal cell, more than basal half of first basal cell, and greater part of second basal cell tinged subopaquely brownish, ochreous yellowish to brownish yellow, the base being more or paler yellowish, with an indication of a darker brownish infusion in first basal cell opposite base of third longitudinal cell and darker spot-like infuscations on apical cross veins of first and second basal cells, with the basal comb predominantly yellowish or reddish yellow, with the veins yellowish to pale reddish yellow, becoming slightiy darker towards apex of wing, with the discal cross vein much before middle of discoidal cell and apical cross vein of discoidal cell quite as long or even longer than discal cross vein, with the squamae opaquely yellowish to yellowish brown and fringed with yellowish or fulvous hairs; halteres pale yellowish brown, with very pale yellowish knobs in both sexes. Head with the eyes above in 3g separated at narrowest part by a space a little narrower than ocellar tubercle, sometimes only as broad as front part of tubercle or even as broad as large front ocellus, very broadly separated in 99 by a space on vertex quite 34, or even a little more, times as broad as tubercle; antennae with joint 1 from 4-43 times as long as 2, with 3 quite 14 times as long as 1 and 2 combined, almost rod-like, very gradually narrowed apically, ending in a small basal element passing into a short stylar part; face well developed, somewhat prominent, projecting spout-like; proboscis remarkably long, about 6-10 mm. long, usually projecting straight forwards, spinulated below, especially basally; palps distinctly and visibly two-jointed, the apical joint shorter and the basal joint somewhat arcuately curved inwards, its apical part broadened and flattened. Legs with some hairs basally below on femora in gg; middle femora with about 1-3 spines in front below and sometimes with 1 spine behind; hind femora with about 7-10 spines below from near base to apex; front tarsi in 9? with joints 2-5 A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 161 slightly thicker and more hairy than middle tarsi or front ones in 3g. Hypopygvum of 3 (text-fig. 23) is slightly different from the usual type in that the aedeagus has a ventral aedeagal process (V.Ae.Pr.) which is narrowed apically and projects downwards, the slender apical part of the aedeagus itself is bent upwards and projects much beyond the beaked apical joints, the aedeagal strut on each side above middle part is long and strap-like, projecting visibly basally above lateral TExt-Fic. 23.—Half of ventral view and side view of hypopygium of ¢ of Bombylius eurhinatus Bezz. struts; beaked apical joints without visible bristles; basal strut pole- axe shaped. In the Imperial Institute and South African Museum. Length of body : about 7-12 mm. Length of wing: about 74-124 mm. Locality. West Cape Province and Namaqualand. This species is very easily recognisable by its remarkably long proboscis, basally infuscated wings, reddish antennae, etc. From Macquart’s description of rufus Macq. (p. 91, Dipt. Exot. 1, Tab. VI, fig. 5, et Tab. VII, fig. 3, 1840) it appears that either rufus is very near this species or may even be the same, in which case eurhinatus Bezz. would become a synonym of rufus. The species appears to be shightly variable in size and in the length of the proboscis. A 3 specimen from Kasane in Bechuanaland does not differ much from the typical Namaqualand forms, except that the dark brown infusca- 162 Annals of the South African Museum. tion basally on the wings is less diffuse, more perceptibly demarcated, the basal half of marginal cell and first submarginal cell being almost hyaline and the infuscations on the cross veins less diffused; spines on hind femora below more numerous (11-12); the erect hair on body is also slightly less golden, more pale yellowish white or creamy whitish above in certain lights, and those at apex of abdomen are also more white, those on face slightly more dense and the bristly hairs on ocellar tubercle and in a tuft on each side of frons anteriorly and even on first antennal joints above slightly darker and more brownish; proboscis is only about 6 mm. long. This specimen was described by me as a distinct variety bechuanus Hesse (see p. 163, Ann. Trans. Mus., vol. xvii, 1936), and is in the Transvaal Museum. B. brachyrrhynchus Bezz. (Py lo, Ann, S. Atc. Mus., vol. xvam, 19218) This species is very near eurhinatus, differing, however, in having more extensive yellowish infusions on the pleurae, the entire pleurae in both sexes sometimes extensively yellowish and more so than in eurhinatus, in having the third antennal joints distinctly darker, usually blackish or very dark reddish brown, the proboscis is more extensively darkened or blackened below and in having the sides of abdomen or at least the hind margins on sides of the tergites even in 29 distinctly and broadly reddish or yellowish; pubescence on frons and face distinctly denser and slightly longer in both sexes, even that on occiput relatively longer, that on abdomen above, in 99 at least, distinctly less dense and shorter, with much fewer erect hairs, com- posed of transverse rows of gleaming bristles across hind margins and depressed deep golden yellowish fine hairs and scaling, which even on sides of body are not so long as the bristles and as in eurhinatus, with the colour of the general pubescence the same as that of eurhinatus but on the whole paler and more whitish on pleurae and body below especially on coxal parts, though also with a feeble pinkish mauve tint as in eurhinatus, with the bristles on body more gleaming whitish at their apices; wings with the basal darker part much paler yellowish, and this subopaque yellowish practically absent from basal parts of marginal and first submarginal cells, thus less diffuse, with the darker spot-like infuscations also indicated as in eurhinatus and with a tendency for first posterior cell to be more acute apically than in eurhinatus; head with the eyes above in 33 separated by a space about as broad as front ocellus, the interocular space in 99 relatively broader A Revision of the Bombyluidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 163 than in eurhinatus and quite 4—44 times as broad as tubercle, with antennal joint 1 about 4 times as long as 2, but with 3 relatively shorter, only a little longer than, and not 14 times as long as, 1 and 2 combined, with the proboscis usually more extensively darkened below and very much shorter, only about 3-5 mm. long, with the face on the whole less produced, with the palps as in eurhinatus and with the basal joint also arcuately curved inwards, the palps, however, more slender; legs with the last 2 tarsal joints darkened, with 2-3 TEext-Fic. 24.—Half of ventral view and side view of hypopygium of ¢ Bombylius brachyrrhynchus Bezz. spines on middle femora in front and 1—2 behind, with 5-8 more slender spines on hind femora below and with the front tarsi in 99 also slightly thickened but less conspicuously hairy than in eurhinatus. Hypo- pyguum of g (text-fig. 24) is different from that of eurhinatus in that the apical part of aedeagus is shorter, projecting only slightly beyond the inner apical angles of basal parts; aedeagus with the base com- pressed, with a ventral aedeagal process in form of a platform-like plate with a small process on each side projecting backwards, with the dorsal basally directed aedeagal strut on each side above middle part elongate, strap-like, projecting basally, but this strut narrower than in eurhinatus; basal strut is shorter, broader posteriorly, and more fan-shaped. In the South African Museum. Length of body: about 6-8 mm. Length of wing: about 74-9 mm. 164 Annals of the South African Museum. Locahty.—Namaqualand, Bushmanland, and Gouph Karoo. Both eurhinatus and brachyrrhynchus difter from all other species of Bombylius in this section in certain salient features, such as the infuscation in basal and costal parts in wings, the presence or indita- tions of spot-like infuscations on the cross veins, and the peculiar structures of the hypopygium. A separate section should really be established to contain them. 1 3 B. rhomboidalis n. sp. Black, with dull whitish bloom on integument, more evident below; hind margin of scutellum indistinctly, hind margins of abdominal segments above and below and the genital segment reddish, the apical TExt-F1IG. 25.—Wing of Bombylius rhomboidalis n. sp. margins medially on venter more ivory whitish; legs with the femora, tibiae, and basal halves of tarsi yellowish, the apical parts of tarsi more brownish; pubescence dense on thorax, somewhat sparse and shortish on face, predominantly white, that on thorax above gleaming silvery white, that on abdomen more sericeous whitish, with the depressed pubescence on frons gleaming more sericeous yellowish, the hairs on face also with more sericeous yellowish gleams in certain lights, the pubescence on body below duller and frosty white, with the macrochaetal bristles in front of wings, the post-alar bristles and the scutellar bristles gleaming sericeous yellowish, those on abdomen sericeous white, with the fine depressed hair-like scaling on body above pale sericeous yellowish, but gleaming more brassy yellowish in certain — lights and much denser on abdomen above, the depressed pubescence and scaling on venter whitish, the scaling on legs whitish; wings (text-fig. 25) feebly greyish hyaline, with the base and costal cell subopaquely whitish, with the veins brownish, becoming pale yellowish in basal half, the costal and first longitudinal veins yellowish, the veins at extreme base even paler yellowish, the apical cross veins of basal A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 165 cells shghtly but distinctly darkened, with the basal comb very poorly developed and yellowish, with the discal cross vein at about middle of discoidal cell, with the second longitudinal vein undulating, with the first posterior cell (I) much longer than discoidal cell, attenuated apically, sessile on hind border apically and not stalked, with the third posterior cell (III) rhomboidal, its four sides being more or less equal in length, with the second and fourth posterior cells equal in length on hind border of wing, with the squamae opaquely whitish and white- fringed; halteres very pale yellowish white, with almost white knobs. ~ NA eS eT =~ a Seat ae TExt-Fic. 26.—Side view and half of ventral view of hypopygium of ¢ of Bombylius rhomboidalis n. sp. . Head with the eyes above separated by a space about as broad as front part of ocellar tubercle for a distance subequal in length to tubercle; face rather short; antennae with joint 1 short, only about 2 times as long as 2, with 3 nearly or quite 2 times as long as 1 and 2 combined, broadest just before middle (view in profile), from there narrowed apically along lower edge, the upper edge being almost straight, the joint thus appearing humped below, ending apically in a conical basal element passing into a bluntish style; proboscis about 3 mm. long. Legs without any distinct hairs on femora below, with 1 or 2 spines below on each side near apex on middle femora; hind femora with about 8 pallid spines below from near base to apex; claws curved downwards apically and the pulvilli nearly as long as claws. Hypo- pyguum (text-fig. 26) with the basal parts compact and broad, the inner apical angles or processes of basal parts inconspicuous, with VOL. XXXIV. 12 166 Annals of the South African Museum. inconspicuous hairs on dorsum, but longer ones around base of beaked joints; beaked apical joints considerably flattened, depressed or hollowed out above, smooth, the pointed apex directed upwards and outwards; aedeagus with the slender apex flattened, straight, pro- jecting much beyond beaked apical joints, the basal part produced apically into a downwardly directed, flattened, tongue-like ventral process, the apical part of which is slightly narrowed and recurved, with the dorsal basally directed strut on each side above middle part flattened, pointed, and visibly projecting basally above lateral struts; lateral struts shoe-horn shaped; basal strut ham-shaped, the dorsal margin more rounded than the ventral one. Type in the South African Museum. Length of body: about 7 mm. Length of wing: about 64 mm. Locality—South West Africa: Kaokoveld; Kamanyab (Mus. Exp., March 1925). This species differs from related species in this category and all the other species in this group in having the first posterior cell almost opening on the hind border of the wing. There is no stalk apically to this cell. The second posterior cell is rhomboidal. The black antennae, predominantly black scutellum, shorter face, peculiar first posterior cell, and silvery pubescence on thorax separate it from sessilis Bezz. B. sessilis Bezz. (P. 19; Annes Aire: Mus.) vol) xviii 921) This interesting species was described by Bezzi from a single 9 from Bushmanland. As I have before me a long series of 92 from S.W. Africa and also a single g-specimen from the Karoo, I am able to give a fuller description. As this g shows the characteristic features of this species, I have no doubt that it belongs to this species. Body black; face and head below, antennal joint | in 99, coxae and legs yellowish to pale ochreous yellow, the last 3 or 4 tarsal joints blackish brown, and apices of claws black; scutellum, excluding the narrow black base, and the narrow hind margins of abdominal seg- ments 3 or 4~7 in 99 (broader laterally and even on segment 2), and broader lateral margins of segments in g, as well as broader hind margins of venter in both sexes and often infusions on pleurae pale yellowish red to reddish; wings hyaline, but with a faint subopaquely whitish tint in certain lights, the base, costal cell, and basal half of first A Revision of the Bombyludae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 167 basal cell sightly more subopaquely yellowish, the base being more distinctly yellowish, with the veins reddish brown to dark brownish, becoming paler and more yellowish towards base and along first longitudinal vein, especially in 3, with the basal comb well developed and yellowish, the spines often more brownish, with the first posterior cell markedly elongate and attenuated apically, provided with a very short stalk, shghtly longer in 3, with the discal cross vein much beyond middle of discoidal cell, with the squamae comparatively large, subopaquely yellowish white and white-fringed; halteres yellowish, with whitish knobs; pubescence straw-coloured yellowish to creamy yellowish on body above in 99, slightly more straw-coloured yellowish on thorax in 3, that on abdomen in $ more white and in 99 only more whitish along sides, with the transverse bristles on abdomen in 99 more creamy yellowish, but with sericeous whitish gleams towards their apices, with the short, depressed pubescence on thorax and abdomen above creamy whitish to creamy yellowish and more evident in 92, with the pubescence on frons in 99 deep ochreous yellow, almost white in g, that on body below entirely chalky or cretaceous white and comparatively dense, with the bristles in front of wings and on scutellum slightly more pale sericeous yellowish in $ and almost whitish in 99, with the pubescence on entire body above and on pleurae appearing considerably paler owing to pale greyish white or whitish integumentary bloom. Head markedly broad, distinctly more apparent in g; eyes in 3g very large, the inner margins above in Sin contact or contiguous for a little distance, slightly less than length of tubercle, then rapidly diverging apically, with the interocular space in 99 very broad, about 3-34 times as broad as tubercle on vertex and then gradually diverging apically; frons in g distinctly depressed and only slightly so in 99; face and genae almost entirely bare, short bristly hairs being present only on sides above; antennae with joint 1 short, about 2 times as long as joint 2 in g and not quite 2 times in 29, with joint 3 remarkably broadened in basal half and conspicuously thin and slender in apical half in 2, more gradually attenuated in $ and also less broad basally, often distinctly covered with fine, whitish, depressed, scale-like pubescence above; proboscis about 4-5 mm. long, entirely black and comparatively stout; palps pallid, the apical joint short and directed upwards. Legs with white scaling on femora and without long pubescent hairs below; front femora unarmed below; middle ones with about 4—5 small spines below; hind ones with about 7—9 longer spines below from near base to apex; claws slightly longer in 3, rather rapidly curved downwards apically in both sexes. 168 Annals of the South African Museum. Hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 27) with the basal parts compact and broad, the dorsum with fine and longish hairs, the inner apical processes of basal parts just visible, with the inner apical part in neck region, bounding the beaked apical joints basally, with a distinct downwardly directed spine or spine-like process (Sp.) on its ventral apical aspect, on each side, of apical part of aedeagus; neck region round base of beaked apical joints slightly produced lip-like outwardly Text-Fic. 27.—Half of ventral view and side view of hypopygium of ¢ of Bombylius sessilis Bezz. and there punctured and covered with short spine-like hairs; beaked apical joints feebly developed, much reduced, flattened, and with inconspicuous spinules above, punctured, and with some hairs below near base, the apex feebly pointed; aedeagus with the apical part projecting beyond basal parts, the basal part produced forwards and downwards into a ventral aedeagal process, slightly carinate centrally in front, with the dorsal aedeagal struts broad and shoe-horn shaped; basal strut very narrow. Length of body: about 8-12 mm. Length of wing: about 8-10 mm. Locality—Central Karoo, Bushmanland, N.W. Cape, and Great Namaqualand (from Aus.). (In the British and 8.A. Museums.) This is a very characteristic and remarkable species, easily recog- nised by the attenuated and very acute first posterior cell, remarkably broad head, almost bare face and genae.and peculiar hypopygium. Like some other species of Bombylidae, it is widely distributed in - A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 169 the dry and semi-arid parts of §. Africa and S.W. Africa, somewhat similar to the distribution of Systoechus xerophilus n. sp., which is known to parasitise the egg-pods of the brown locust. B. mundus Lw. (P. 13, Wien. Ent. Monat., vii, 1863; Bezzi, p. 18, Ann. S. Afr. Mus., vol. xviii, 1921.) A few specimens in the 8. Afr. Museum were referred to mundus by Bezzi. One 9 was labelled as picticornis by Bigot. It is very doubtful, indeed, whether these specimens belong to the same species as that described by Loew. Loew’s very short description is in this case unsatisfactory and practically useless for purposes of determination. Bezzi’s identification also rests mostly on assumption, and at present I can only redescribe this species and retain it provisionally in mundus. Black; frons, antennal joints 1 and 2, face, proboscis below, head below, propleural part, a longitudinal band across pleurae, the sutural parts of pleurae or even the greater part of pleurae, the postalar callosities, the scutellum, the hind margins of the abdominal tergites, the sides broadly of abdomen, almost entire apical tergites and the venter pale yellowish red to salmon pinkish, even the entire body below some- times reddish; legs, including coxae and trochanters, predominantly yellowish or pale reddish yellow, only a spot on trochanters black, the last or two last tarsal joints darkened and apices of claws blackish; pubescence dense, rather shortish in both sexes, with a cropped-off appearance on thorax, more evident in $¢, that on occiput even in 92 also shortish, with the transverse bristles on abdomen, even in 99, short and scarcely longer than the pubescence, with the pubescence above pale creamy yellowish to pale golden in 33, gleaming pale golden yellowish even to deeper golden in 99, that on occiput, front part of thorax and towards apical part of abdomen, in some 3¢ distinctly more sericeous whitish in certain lights, in fact that towards apex of abdomen in ¢¢ distinctly gleaming whitish, that on head and face in gg also paler and more sericeous whitish or pale sericeous yellowish, more gleaming pale golden yellowish in 99, that on body below in both sexes only very slightly or scarcely paler than above, only duller, even that on venter only slightly paler yellowish, that on sides of abdomen basally slightly richer yellowish than discally, with the stoutish macrochaetal bristles, the post-alar ones, those on scutellum and the transverse ones on abdomen gleaming yellowish in 33S, to gleaming deep golden in 99, their apices gleaming more whitish, 170 Annals of the South African Museum. those on venter also yellowish to golden; wings hyaline, with the base and costal cell slightly more subopaquely whitish, with the basal comb small and yellowish, the veins usually yellowish, but sometimes more reddish and even brownish in some specimens, all becoming paler basally, with the discal cross vein tending to be nearer middle, slightly beyond or even a good distance beyond middle of discoidai TExt-FIG. 28.—Side and ventral views of hypopygium and dorsal or apical view of beaked apical joint of § Bombylius mundus Lw. in sessilis and provided with a short stalk, with the squamae opaquely pale yellowish, its fringe pale creamy or whitish; halteres pale yellowish, with almost white knobs. Head with the eyes above in gg contiguous for a little distance in front of ocellar tubercle, then at first gradually diverging apically, the interocular space in 99 about 3, or a little more, times as broad as tubercle; antennae with joint | about 2 times as long as 2, with 3 quite 14 times as long as | and 2 combined, gradually narrowed apically, the first terminal joint conical and bearing an equally long style; proboscis about 4-5 mm. long; palps yellowish, with short apical joints. Legs without any spines on front femora below; middle ones with about 4-6 anteriorly below; hind ones with about 8-10 from near base to apex below; claws slender, curved downwards, and with the pulvilli extending to beyond middle of claws; front tarsi thickened in 99. Hypopygium of 3 (text- fig. 28) with the beaked apical joints comparatively small ending in a sharp downwardly and outwardly directed apical beak, the outer apical angle prominent; aedeagus with the slender apical part pro- A Revision of the Bombyliuidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 171 jecting slightly beyond beaked apical joints (when retracted), provided ventrally with a very remarkable ventral aedeagal process, the basal part of which is directed downwards as a vertical, lamellate plate or keel, the base of which is connected on each side with the lateral rami, the apical part, again, is in the shape of a broad, flattened, slightly bilobate, horizontal plate, projecting forwards and hiding the aedeagus and beaked apical joints, its lower surface is roughly shagreened, even minutely spined laterally; dorso-basal aedeagal struts broad, strap- hike, but attenuated towards their apices and do not quite reach bases of basal parts; basal strut comparatively narrow and bat-shaped. In the South African Museum. Length of body : about 7-94 mm. Length of wing: about 7-8 mm. Locality.—North Namaqualand, Bushmanland, and Karoo. Hasily recognised by the shape of first posterior cell in wing, the extensive red on body, and the yellowish pubescence. 1 Q B. atronotatus nu. sp. Body with the occiput, eyes, frons, third antennal joints, proboscis, thorax above, parts of pleurae and a central row of large, triangular spots (narrowed apically) on abdomen above, to a certain extent tergites 5-7 and infusions on venter, black, with antennal joints 1 and 2, face and head below, sides of thorax above wings, to a certain extent transversely across base of thorax, the entire scutellum, the humeral part of thorax, propleural part, pteropleural and metapleural infusions, the greater part of abdomen above and hind margins of sternites and the genital segment pale yellowish red or reddish; legs, including coxae, almost entirely yellowish, only apical parts of tarsi more brownish and apices of claws black; pubescence shortish on front part of body, that on thorax above with a slightly cropped-off appearance, that on face also shortish, very pale sericeous yellowish above, that on sides of thorax appearing almost whitish in certain lights, that on disc of thorax and scutellum gleaming more golden, that on abdomen above more gleaming golden yellowish, the macro- chaetal bristles, post-alar bristles, scutellar bristles, and those trans- versely across abdomen deep golden yellowish, the depressed hair-like scaling on body above gleaming pale golden yellowish, but apparently more whitish on thorax in front, the pubescence on head below, pleurae, coxae, in metapleural tuft, sides of abdomen basally and on venter basally more whitish, that on head below, coxae, and lower 172 Annals of the South African Museum. — parts of pleurae distinctly more frosty whitish, with the scaling on legs whitish but showing yellowish tints in certain lights; wings greyish hyaline, the base, costal cell and to a certain extent first basal cell more subopaquely yellowish whitish, with the basal comb ochreous yellowish, the veins reddish brown, becoming more yellowish basally, with the discal cross vein very much beyond middle and nearer apex of discoidal cell, with the first posterior cell sharply angularly acute apically, provided with a shortish apical stalk, which is much shorter than rest of this vein separating the second submarginal cell from first posterior cell, with the squamae subopaquely yellowish and fringed with whitish hair which gleam sericeous yellowish in certain lights; halteres yellowish, with very pale yellowish knobs. Head with the eyes rather large, prominent, and convex, with the interocular space on vertex remarkably narrow, about subequal to combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2, or scarcely a little more than 2 times as broad as ocellar tubercle; frons thus also narrowish, its sides only very gradually diverging apically; face short and shorter than combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2; facial and buccal regions also remarkably narrow; antennae with joint 1 very short, only about 14 times as long as 2, with 2 elongate and longer than broad, with 3 more or less spindle-shaped, broadest at about basal third, narrowed basally, but more rapidly and attenuately towards apex, ending apically in a conical basal element bearing a short stylar element; proboscis stoutish, about 4 mm. long, its labial part below finely and visibly strigilose; palps short and yellowish. Legs with about 3 or 4 spines on each side below on middle femora; hind ones with about 12 spines from near base to apex below, which appear to be alternately long and short; front tarsal joints slightly thickened; claws dis- tinctly rapidly bent down, almost at right angles, nearer apex and the pulvill just reaching bent down apices of claws. Type in the South African Museum. Length of body : about 11 mm. Length of wing : about 94 mm. Locality.—South West Africa: Kaokoveld; Kaross (Mus. Exp., February 1925). This species is easily recognised by the almost entirely reddish abdomen which has a central row of black triangular spots, by the comparatively narrow interocular space and frons and by the acutely pointed first posterior cell. The narrow interocular space is reminis- cent of the 9 of mollis. From other species with much red on the abdomen it differs in this narrow type of interocular space, more - A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 173 angularly acute first posterior cell and the row of triangular black spots on abdomen above. From an unknown locality Walker (p. 278, List. Dipt. Ins. Brit. Mus., pt. 1, 1849) described.a species inornatus which, according to his description, has also a series of black spots on the abdomen above. From his vague description it is, however, impossible to identify his species or to state whether atronotatus is identical with inornatus. In the former species antennal joint 3 is, however, spindle-shaped and not linear, and is distinctly much more than 2 times as long as joint 1, and the knees and tarsi are not piceous, as in Walker’s species. B. wmpurus Lw. (P. 12, Wien. Ent. Monat., vu, 1863; Bezzi, p. 18, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. xviii, 1921.) For the identity of this species I have to rely on a specimen labelled as impurus Lw. by Bezzi. This $-specimen also agrees with Loew’s very brief description. As Loew’s description may be applicable to other species as well, and as neither Loew nor Bezzi had a series of both $$ and 99 to describe from, it is advisable to redescribe these specimens which I am also provisionally referring to as impurus. Black; antennae also entirely black, but joint 1 in some 92 some- times slightly dull brownish below or on inner sides; extreme front edge of face sometimes slightly dull brownish or yellowish brown; slightly inflated sides of buccal cavity dull yellowish; palps yellowish brown; extreme base of proboscis below slightly or obscurely reddish, and greater part of scutellum and to a certain extent posterior calli ferruginous red; abdomen entirely black, only hind margins of sternites pallid or yellowish, less so in some specimens; legs yellowish, with the femora blackened to beyond or much beyond the middle in 3g and in some 99, the greater part of the hind ones being dark, in other 99 femora are blackened in at least the basal halves, with the hind tarsi sometimes more brownish than yellowish in both sexes, and with the last two joints of all the tarsi and apices of the claws distinctly black or very dark; pubescence on the whole markedly dense and short, that on thorax above very dense, fine, and shortish, with a cropped-off or shorn-off appearance, more evident in 3d, that on abdomen, especi- ally in 3d, fine and dense and not markedly long, distinctly longer and slightly more shaggy in 99, with the transverse rows of bristles across hind margins of tergites well developed, dense and close together, only narrowly interrupted discally and even there arranged in more than 174 Annals of the South African Museum. one row, only those towards apex in 99 slightly longer than the rest of pubescence, with the pubescence on frons and face also tending to be shortish, that on frons and face in 3$¢ sericeous to almost silvery whitish, that on face in 9? whitish, the bristly hairs and bristles and depressed pubescence on frons in 99 sericeous yellowish to gleaming golden, the pubescence on antennal joint 1 in 92 also yellowish and the longer hairs on joint 1 below in g¢ pale sericeous yellowish, the pubescence on body above pale creamy yellowish to pale soft yellowish in gd, more yellowish to gleaming golden yellowish in 99, that on occiput in gg at least more sericeous whitish and even that on front part of thorax appearing more whitish in certain lights, that on each side just below posterior calli and behind wings whitish, more frosty whitish in gg, that towards apex and on sides of abdomen from segment 4 to apex whitish even in 9? and that on rest of abdomen above in $¢ with sericeous whitish gleams, especially discally, in certain lights, that on sides of abdomen basally, in 99 especially, more yellowish even orange yellowish in some specimens, that on body below much paler than above, white on head below, on coxae and pectoral regions and basal part of venter, becoming more creamy yellowish to yellowish along upper parts of pleurae, that in front and just below wing-bases appearing deeper yellowish, that in metapleural tuft almost white again in certain lights, that on venter dull whitish, becoming slightly more straw-coloured yellowish to yellowish apically, with an elongated patch of dense, woolly, or crinkly frosty white hair on each side of venter showing through the hairs, with the macro- chaetal bristles, those on posterior calli and across hind margin of scutellum very deep yellowish, reddish, reddish brown to brownish, their tips gleaming sericeous, with the transverse bristles on abdomen from segment 2 to 7 very dark blackish brown to black and pale- tipped, flanked in front of each row by reddish brownish or deeper yellowish bristly hairs and bristles especially in 99, with the bristles on venter sparser but also blackish and pale-tipped; wings rather narrowish, hyaline but with a slight milky whitish tint in certain positions in some specimens, with the basal comb yellowish, yellowish brown to even brownish in some 99, with the veins reddish brown or brownish becoming paler towards base, with the base and costal cell subopaquely very pale yellowish or yellowish white, with the discal cross vein much beyond middle of discoidal cell, with the squamae opaquely very pale yellowish white and fringed with creamy hairs; halteres with yellowish to yellowish brown knobs. Head with the eyes in gg contiguous or touching for a short distance in front of front _ A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 175 ocellus subequal or nearly as long as tubercle; with the interocular space in 99 about 3-34 times as broad as tubercle; eyes in $¢ slightly flattened above and with very coarse facets above; antennae with joint 1 short, about 3, or a little more (even less), times as long as 2, with 3 stoutish, broadest in basal half nearer base, subspindle shaped, gradually narrowed apically and also slightly narrowed at base, with the first terminal joint conical and distinctly visible, ending in the style; proboscis long, about 5-8 mm. long, with the labella elongate; palps well developed and with the apical joints short. Legs with- out any spines on front femora below; middle ones with about 1-3 spines in front below; hind ones with about 9-15 spines below from near base to apex, sometimes irregularly arranged in large 99; claws arcuately curved TExT-FIG. 29.—Side view and half of ventral view of hypopygium of 3 Bombylius impurus Lw. downwards apically and with the pulvilli just falling short of the middle in both sexes. Hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 29) with the inner apical angles or processes of basal parts prominent, projecting and flattened; aedeagus straight, its apex sharp, provided at base below with a conical ventral aedeagal process on each side in the form of a downwardly and apically projecting plate, the outer edge of which is carinate and arcuate (side view in text-fig. 29) and the apex of which is rather acute. In the Albany and South African Museums. Length of body: about 9-14 mm. Length of wing: about 8-13 mm. Locality—Bushmanland: Jakhals Water (Lightfoot, October 1911). Namaqualand: Kamieskroon (Mus. Exp., September 1930). Nieuw- veld Karoo: Victoria West Distr. (Mus. Staff, March 1931). Karoo: Murraysburg Distr. (Mus. Staff, March 1931). N.H. Karoo: Aliwal North (Leppan, April 1904). O.F.S. (according to Loew). 8S. Karoo: Montagu (Barnard, October 1919). E. Karoo: Grahamstown Region. 176 Annals of the South African Museum. 2 33 9 99 B. tinctupennis n. sp. Body black; antennal joint | in 9, face and head below in Q, extreme base of proboscis, greater part of scutellum (excepting the black base and hind border) yellowish red, reddish, or ferruginous red; antennal joint 1, face and head below in ¢ very dark reddish brown to blackish; legs reddish yellow to yellowish, the coxae obscure reddish to blackish, the bases of the femora in g distinctly blackened, the last 2 tarsal joints blackened and the last one entirely black; pubescence above comparatively long, dense, and shaggy, especially on the abdomen, in both sexes, pale sericeous yellow, yellow, deep yellow to deep golden, almost orange golden, often with a slight brownish yellow tint in certain lights, that on thorax in front in ¢ slightly paler sericeous yellowish, that towards apex of abdomen scarcely paler than on rest of body, that on head coloured like rest of body above, with the macrochaetae on thorax and bristly hairs transversely on abdomen slightly longer than the long recumbent hair and scarcely darker, or only very slightly deeper golden yellowish, than rest of hair, with the pubescence on body below not much paler than that above, appearing paler in specimens which are also paler above, with, however, the hair on head below, just above coxae, sometimes on the pectus and at base of venter distinctly more whitish, especially in g, the meta- pleural tuft and upper parts of pleurae inclining to colour of body above, with the short depressed hair on body above sparse and paler yellowish, that on frons in ? slightly more yellowish; wings distinctly and comparatively deeply tinged mauvish brown, slightly deeper in g and only the apical and posterior parts in both sexes slightly less deeply tinged, with the base, costal cell, basal half of first basal cell and even base of second basal cell more subopaquely yellowish brown, with the veins dark reddish brown, becoming more reddish along chief longi- tudinal veins and towards base, with the basal comb well developed, yellowish to deep yellowish or pale reddish yellow, with the squamae opaquely brownish, pale yellowish haired and with a fairly con- spicuous tuft of pubescent hair at base of wings above, with the discal cross vein much beyond the middle of discoidal cell and with the second longitudinal vein comparatively straight; halteres yellowish to pale reddish brown, with pale yellowish brown to pale brownish knobs. Head with the eyes in 3 separated above by width of ocellar tubercle, in 9 a little more than 3 to even 3 times as broad as tubercle; antennae with joint 1 a little more than 4,:to almost 5, times as long as joint 2, with joint 3 comparatively slender and rod-like, more so A Revision of the Bombylidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 177 in g, not straight, but gradually curved; proboscis comparatively stout, about 35-5 mm. long; palps yellowish, with the shorter apical joint darkened and with some very long hairs on sides of joint 1. Legs with comparatively dense, but fine, hairs on femera below; front femora unarmed; middle ones with about 1-3 fairly long. spines below; hind ones with about 6-12 long spines below, the basal ones often exceptionally long, often irregularly in 2 rows towards base and with about 3-6 spines in apical part on outer upper aspect; claws TExT-FIG. 30.—(a) Side view and part of ventral view of hypopygium of ¢ Bombylius tinctipennis n. sp. (6) Side view of that of ¢ Bombylius tunctupennis var. thornei n. gradually curved downwards and with the pulvilli extending to middle or a little beyond middle of claws. Hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 30, a) with the inner apical angle or process of basal parts prominently produced and elongate; beaked apical joints as shown in figure, slightly depressed above and with a crest of longish hairs, more prominent along outer dorsal part, the beak directed slightly down- wards and outwards; aedeagus with a prominent ventral, vertical, flattened, shell-like process on each side, convergent anteriorly and there fused under apical part of aedeagus, continuous posteriorly with the lateral ramus, on each side, to basal parts; basal strut bat-shaped. Types in the British Museum, paratypes in the Transvaal and South African Museums. Length of body: about 7-95 mm. Length of wing: about 8-104 mm. 178 Annals of the South African Museum. Locality. —S.W. Cape Province: Cape Town; lLion’s Head (Turner, August 1920) (Types); Stellenbosch (Theron, Brauns, and Lightfoot); Malmesbury (Brauns, October 1926); Hottentot’s Holland Mts. (Barnard, 4000 feet alt., January 1933). 8S. Karoo: Swartberg Pass (Barnard, 5000-6000 feet alt., November 1929). An easily recognisable species by the mauvishly tinged wings, dense and long yellowish to deep golden pubescence, slender and rod-like third antennal joints, and long spines on hind femora. There is no doubt that the species shows colour variations and slight structural aberrations in the various areas of its distribution, and quite a distinct variety seems to occur along the Western Coastal region up to Nama- qualand and in Northern Karoo, viz. :— 10 3d 28 99 B. tinctipennis var. thornei n. This variety is without doubt the western, north western, and northern representative of tonctupennis s.str., from which it is super- ficially almost indistinguishable. It differs, on the whole, in being smaller and less bulky; head with the face and head below dark or blackish in both sexes, with antennal joint 1 darker, less vividly reddish even in 99, with more black above, even entirely black, also distinctly more slender and even comparatively longer, quite 6 times as long as joint 2, with joint 3 relatively shorter, less rod-like, and more attenuated apically and slightly straighter, with the proboscis usually entirely black, at least less constantly reddish at base below, less stout and about 3-4 mm. long, with the interocular space in @ slightly broader, often quite 4 times as broad as tubercle, with the palps entirely dark; pubescence on body above having a slightly darker and more yellowish brown tint, that on antennae, face and genae distinctly more golden brownish in both sexes, that on abdomen not entirely golden, but with distinct transverse rows of darker, sometimes very dark blackish brown to black, bristly hairs across hind margins of segments in both sexes, that on body below slightly darker and less pale, the whitish hair above coxae less evident and that on pectus even more yellowish and with numerous dark or blackish hairs on venter as well; wings tinged to the same extent, but in @ slightly less so towards base than in typical form, without or with only a few and insignificant and shorter pubescent hairs above basally on middle vein, with the first posterior cell tending to be even more subacute apically, with the squamae even darker opaquely brownish; legs with A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 179 the coxae and trochanters darker and more often black, the femora more distinctly and extensively blackened basally even in 99, and the front and middle ones in ¢ blackened to at least the middle and even beyond, with the tarsi also more extensively darkened apically, with about 2-4 spines on middle femora below and about 5-9 on hind ones below. Hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 30, 6 and fig. 31) scarcely different from that of tinctipennis s.str. (cf. text-fig. 30,a),withthe / lateral struts, however, \ \{ slightly narrower, the basal strut also narrower. Types in the South African Museum. Length of body: about 6-85 mm. Text-Fic. 31.—Half of ventral view and side view Lenoth of wine: about % Bypopygium of ¢ Bombylius tinctipennis var. 8 8° thornei Nn. 7-9 mm. Locality Namaqualand: Kamieskroon (Mus. Exp., September 1930) (Types); Garies (Mus. Exp., June 1930). Western Cape Province: Citrusdal; Modderfontein (Brauns, 15/10/28). N. Karoo: Venterstad and Burghersdorp (Mus. Staff, October 1935). Nieuwveld Karoo: Beaufort West Distr. (Mus. Staff, October 1935). 1 3 B. turneri nu. sp. This species resembles tinctupennis, with which it may be compared. From the ¢ of tinctipennis it differs in being smaller, narrower, and less bulky; head with the front part of face and anterior lower part of head below paler and more yellowish brown, with the eyes separated above by width of front part of tubercle, with the first antennal joints comparatively shorter, only about 4 times as long as joint 2, with joint 3 less rod-like, slightly more thickened basally, with the pro- boscis slender, even slightly more reddened below towards base, about 45 mm. long, with the pubescence on antennae and face much shorter and less shaggy; wings entirely greyish hyaline, not deeply tinged mauvish brown, only the costal cell and base being slightly more subopaquely whitish, with the veins dark blackish brown, becoming 180 Annals of the South African Museum. paler towards base and along main longitudinal veins, with the dis- cal cross vein also much beyond middle of discoidal cell, with the basal comb distinctly smaller; scutellum with the red less extensive, only present discally towards hind part; pubescence on body slightly more vividly golden when seen from side, apparently slightly shorter on occiput and abdomen, that on abdomen not entirely yellow, but with conspicuous and numerous black bristles across hind margins, more evident towards apex, with the rest of the abdominal hair y becoming distinctly paler laterally and towards by SN apex, that on head and thorax below dis- AN \ tinctly more extensively white, even the SS metapleural tuft being more whitish; legs Hh Se, with the pubescent hairs on femora below ah. SZ distinctly shorter and less dense, with the AG ae front and middle femora more extensively . blackened basally to about the middle, the WS hind ones also blackened at base, with the Tai tarsi more extensively darkened, especially Text-Fic. 32.—Side view the hind ones, with only 1 spine on middle Ce Pee a sor ones below and with about 7-8 shorter spines apical joint of g Bom- on hind femora below and without any lateral byliits HEN Nesp: spines apically on outer aspect. Hypopygium (text-fig. 32) is, however, entirely different from that of tenctepennis (cf. text-figs. 30 and 31), with the beaked apical joints elongate and slender, longer and more slender than in tinctipennis; aedeagus without any ventral process, with the dorsal basally directed aedeagal struts short; basal strut bat-shaped. Type in the British Museum. Length of body: about 7 mm. Length of wing: about 7 mm. Locality.—S.W. Cape Province: Cape Peninsula; Camps Bay (Turner, 1/20/1920). B. marginellus Bezz. (P. 20, Ann. S. Afr. Mus., vol. xvii, 1921.) In addition to the 9-type, from Matjiesfontein, there are a 2 and what I take to be the undescribed 3 before me. Bezzi’s description may be supplemented by the following fuller description :— Body black; scutellum reddish, but with a large basal black spot _A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 181 and black hind part, especially in 2; antennal joint 1 reddish, some- what linearly darkened above in 9, entirely dark above in g; face and head below dark reddish brown; legs pale ochreous yellow to pale reddish yellow, the extreme bases of femora darkened, more brownish, especially in 3, with the last 2 tarsal joints also darkened; proboscis distinctly reddish brown below; pubescence above, from side, creamy yellowish to pale yellowish on thorax in 2, much paler and more creamy in §, becoming more whitish towards occiput and in front, that on abdomen above very pale creamy whitish to yellowish in ¢ and also slightly paler than on thorax in 9, even paler apically, that on thorax below _ straw-coloured yellowish to pale yellow- ish white, that along middle parts of pleurae above coxae whitish, the metapleural tuft straw- coloured whitish to whitish, the hair on pectus straw-coloured yellowish, that on venter TExt-FIc. 33.—Half of ventral view and side view of “He : hypopygium of § Bombylius marginellus Bezz. whitish at base and hog te 4 distinctly yellowish on rest, that on sides of venter more creamy, with the dense, short, depressed pubescence on sides of venter, especially in g, showing through as snow white hair, with the hairs on head above in 2 pale yellowish and with a slight rufous tint in certain lights, that on face and genae comparatively dense, longish, and yellowish, more creamy whitish in g, with the macrochaetal bristles and also bristles on upper part of mesopleuron in 9, the posterior callar bristles and those on scutellum pale rufous yellow in 2, more pale yellowish in 3, with the long transverse bristles across hind margins of abdomen very dark reddish brown in @ and even blackish in $, more conspicuous and longer laterally and towards apex in both sexes; wings greyish hyaline, with a distinct subopaque tint, with the base, costal cell, and basal half of first basal cell more subopaquely pale yellowish brown, the base being more yellowish, with the veins reddish brown, becoming paler and more reddish along main longitudinal veins, with the basal comb pale yellowish in ¢ and slightly more reddish yellow in 9, with VOL. XXXIV. 13 182 Annals of the South African Museum. the opaquely whitish squamae margined blackish brown and fringed pale yellowish to whitish or creamy; halteres yellowish, with whitish knobs. Head with the eyes in 3 separated above, at narrowest part, by front part of ocellar tubercle, with the space in 2 about 34 times as broad as tubercle; antennae with joint 1 slender, about 4, or even a little more, times as long as 2, with joint 3 almost rod-like, only slightly, or scarcely, broader basally and more so in g; proboscis about 4 mm. long; palps with some long hairs on basal joints, the apical joints darker. Legs with longish pubescent hairs basally below on femora in both sexes and with the front femora unarmed below; middle ones with about 2-3 spines below; hind ones with about 6-8 comparatively long spines below from near base to apex. Hypo- pygium of 3 (text-fig. 33) with the basal parts inconspicuously haired, the side feebly striate, the inner apical angles only slightly projecting; beaked apical joints comparatively elongate, the apex acutely pointed downwards; aedeagus with the very slender apical part not reaching inner apical angles, feebly bent upwards apically, without a ventral aedeagal process; lateral struts broad and flattened; basal strut comparatively small, racket-shaped, and projecting a little beyond base of basal parts. Length of body: about 8-9 mm. Length of wing: about 8-9 mm. Locality.—S. Karoo: Matjiesfontein and Hopefield. (In the South African Museum.) B. fucatus Bezz. (In key, p. 14, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. xviii, 1921; note on p. 72, Broteria (Ser. Zool.), vol. xx, Fasc. II, 1922; in key, p. 47, The Bombylidae of the Ethiopian Region, 1924.) Nowhere, except in keys and notes, does Bezzi give any description of this species. In “ Broteria”’ (loc. cit.) he states that he intended to describe it in his work “No. 4” on the Bombyludae of the Hungarian Museum, and, moreover, states that the species is represented in the Budapest Museum and in his own private collections. Apart from the vague references to it in keys (loc. cit.), this species appears to me to exist only as a name, and its intended description has never been published. The Transvaal Museum is in possession of 4 92 and 1 4, of which 3 99 and the 3 were formerly in the possession of the late Dr. Brauns, and which he collected at Willowmore. The 3 is labelled “38 Bezzi”’ and also as “ Bombylius fucatus” in Brauns’ handwriting. A Revision of the Bombyludae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 183 The 3 99 were included in this species but were unlabelled, except for one specimen which had a small label “‘ Bezzi I. 5.” The other 2 from “Bloemfontein, 25/3/21,” collected by H. E. Irving, was formerly in possession of Mr. Munro of the Government Entemological Depart- ment and is labelled “Bombylius fucatus Bezz.’’ This latter @ is, however, entirely specifically different from the g-specimen (“38 Bezzi”) and does not run down in Bezzi’s keys to fucatus. It is in fact a separate species, which is described in this paper as transitus n. sp. It has distinct very broad red in the sides of the abdomen and an apically acute first posterior cell. The small 9, labelled “‘ Bezzi I. 5.” and placed with fucatus (3 “3S Bezzi’’), is also a different species and is in fact a 9 of paterculus Walk., as defined by Bezzi and myself in this paper. We are thus left with 2 99 and the labelled ¢ (‘38 Bezzi’’), which obviously belong to the same species. In addition, there are also present 2 other 92 from Willowmore and 2 92 in the British Museum which are also referable to this species. It is thus evident that Bezzi included no less than 3 specifically different species in fucatus. In view of this the only procedure is either to take the labelled 2-specimen from Bloemfontein as the typical fucatus, in which case my transitus n. sp. becomes a synonym, or to take the g-specimen and 99 from Brauns’ collection as representing fucatus. As Bezzi himself refers to this species as coming from Willowmore (Broteria, loc. cit.), and as the g was labelled by Bezzi as “38 Bezzi,” it appears more than likely that these specimens constitute part of the original batch forwarded to Bezzi. These specimens are thus taken as representing fucatus Bezz. and as having the following characters :— Body black, with antennal joint 1 and to a certain extent 2 in 99, the face, genae, and head below in 9%, the narrow front margin of face and anterior part of head below in 4, the base of proboscis below, the greater part of scutellum in both sexes, sometimes the narrow hind margins of tergites 4—7 or 5-7 in 99, the hind margins of the sternites and sometimes the sutural parts of the pleurae in 29, yellowish red or reddish, with the antennae in ¢ entirely dark or black; legs, including coxae, almost entirely yellowish in both sexes, the bases of femora in $ slightly darkened, only the last 2 tarsal joints darkened and apical parts of claws black; pubescence rather longish and shaggy, without a shorn-off appearance on thorax even in 4, that on antennae and face in ¢ sericeous yellowish and pale sericeous yellowish to golden yellowish in 99, that on occiput and thorax in front in $ gleaming sericeous and almost silvery whitish, distinctly more yellowish and sericeous yellowish to even pale golden in 99, that on disc of thorax, 184 Annals of the South African Museum. scutellum, and abdomen above distinctly deeper sericeous yellowish in both sexes but slightly paler sericeous yellowish in 3 and in some 29 even with more golden gleams, that on head below, body below, in metapleural tuft, and basally on each side of venter frosty whitish in both sexes, contrasting with that on body above, with, the bristly elements on frons, on mesopleuron in front of wings, the macrochaetal bristles, those on post-alar calli and on scutellum in 992 gleaming deep sericeous yellowish, golden yellowish to even fulvous golden, with the transverse bristles across hind margins of abdomen above distinctly darker, more dark brownish, be- coming even dark blackish brown towards apex of abdomen, the apices of individual bristles gleaming whitish in certain lights, with the fine, depressed, hair-like scaling on abdomen above straw-coloured yellowish in J, more seri- Tsxt-ric. 34.—Side view and half of ventral ceous yellowish to pale view of hypopygium of g Bombylius fucatus brassy yellowish in 99, that aaa on frons in 99 slightly gleam- ing whitish to sericeous yellowish, with the scaling on legs whitish; wings shining and with a distinct whitish subopacity, the base and costal cell more subopaquely pale yellowish whitish, with the basal comb creamy yellowish, the veins brownish or dark brownish, becoming more yellowish basally and along first longitudinal vein, with the discal cross vein beyond middle of discoidal cell, with the squamae opaquely pale yellowish white to yellowish, narrowly dark-bordered and fringed with white hair; halteres yellowish, with ivory whitish knobs. Head with the eyes in g touching above just in front of ocellar tubercle, then gradually diverging for a little distance before rapidly diverging apically, the eyes slightly flattened above, with the interocular space in 99 on vertex about 34-4 times as broad as ocellar tubercle; face a little longer than combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2; antennae with joint | about 3, or a little more, times as long as 2, with 2 rather transverse, with 3 about, or a little less than, 14 times as long as 1 and 2 combined, rod-like, cylindrical, and only gradually tapering apically, ending in a very minute basal element bearing a slender style, A Revision of the Bombyludae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 185 directed upwards; proboscis about 3-4 mm. long. Legs with longish hairs on femora below, with about 2-3 spines in apical half below on middle ones; hind femora with about 5-9 spines below from near base to apex below; claws sickle-shaped, gradually and arcuately curved, the pulvill not reaching bent down apices of claws; front tarsal joints in 99 slightly thickened and hairy. Hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 34) with the inner apical parts of basal parts projecting slightly; beaked apical joints elongate, narrowish, and sharply pointed apically, the apices bent downwards; aedeagus without any ventral process below; basal strut with a deep sinuosity along its dorsal edge. In the Transvaal, British, and South African Museums. Length of body: about 6-74 mm. Length of wing: about 6-8 mm. Locality.— Little Karoo and South Cape Province. The species is easily recognised by the dark transverse bristles on abdomen and the slightly whitish subopaque wings. From other species with darkish bristles it is separated by the characters given in the key. 233 7 99 B. wmitator n. sp. Body black, with the anterior part of frons, the entire face, genae, and head below, antennal joints 1 and 2, base of proboscis below, greater part of scutellum, hind margins of tergites 3-7 or at least 5-7, hind margins of sternites and a longitudinal band along pleurae above coxae reddish or reddish yellow; legs, including coxae, entirely yellowish, only a spot on trochanters, the last 2 tarsal joints and apices of claws black; pubescence rather longish, dense and shaggy, longer on abdomen, that on occiput and thorax above gleaming sericeous whitish in ¢¢ and also in some 99, but other 2° with a more sericeous yellowish to even more pale golden sheen, that on disc of thorax, on scutellum, and on abdomen in g¢ gleaming slightly more sericeous yellowish than in front, that on abdomen discally even more distinct, more distinctly and deeper sericeous yellowish in 99, even that on sides of thorax above wings in 99 sericeous yellowish, that on sides of abdomen in some 99 in certain lights appearing deep sericeous yellowish, that on head below, body below, in metapleural tuft and at base of venter laterally contrastingly frosty whitish, that towards apex of abdomen in g¢ also apparently more whitish, that on antennae and face sericeous whitish in gd, sericeous whitish to sericeous yellowish, and even pale golden in 99, with the frontal bristles, the macrochaetal bristles, those on post-alar calli and on scutellum 186 Annals of the South African Museum. gleaming sericeous yellowish to golden yellowish in 99, with the transverse bristles across abdomen deeper golden to reddish or brownish golden, becoming even more blackish brown towards apex in some specimens, those discally above in basal half at least tending to be paler and more yellowish, with the bristly elements on each side of venter apically also dark, especially in 99, with the fine, depressed hair-like scaling on frons in 99 gleaming sericeous yellowish, that on abdomen above more whitish to pale yellowish, the scaling on legs whitish; wings vitreous hyaline, iridescent, but with a very feeble and almost imperceptible subopacity in certain lights, with the base costal cell, and basal half of first basal cell subopaquely whitish to pale yellowish whitish, with the basal comb yellowish, the veins dark brownish, becoming yellowish at base, with the discal cross vein a little to quite a good distance beyond middle of discoidal cell, with the squamae subopaquely pale yellowish or pellucid yellowish, narrowly dark-bordered and fringed with whitish hair; halteres yellowish, with almost whitish knobs. Head with the eyes in gd separated above by a space about as broad as front part of ocellar tubercle, with the interocular space in 99 quite 3$, or a little more, times as broad as tubercle; face a little longer than combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2; antennae with joint 1 about 3, or very little more, times as long as 2, with 2 shortish and transverse, with 3 about 134, or a little less, times as long as 1 and 2 combined, gradually narrowed apically, the basal part in some 99 slightly thicker than in gg where the joint is almost rod-like, ending apically in a small conical element passing into a short style; proboscis about 3-4 mm. long. Legs with sparse but longish hairs on femora below in g¢ especially, with 2-3 spines on middle femora in front; hind femora with about 6-8 spines below from near base to apex; claws slender, gradually and arcuately curved, the pulvill not reaching their bent down apices; front tarsal joints in 92 only slightly thickened. Hypopygiuwm of 3 much like that of fucatus (cf. text-fig. 34) but with much fewer and finer hairs above on basal parts; beaked apical joints also elongate and narrowish, but slightly shorter than in fucatus; aedeagus slightly longer and the apex extend- ing slightly beyond apices of inner apical angles of basal parts; basal strut slightly shorter, less broad and less deep and angularly incised along its dorsal edge. Types in the South African Museum. Length of body: about 6-8 mm. Length of wing: about 6-8 mm. Locality. Namaqualand: Garies Distr. Klip Vlei (Mus. Exp., _ A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 187 November 1931) (Types); Namaqualand: Bowesdorp (Mus. Exp., November 1931). This species is very near fucatus Bezz., from which it may be distinguished by the much clearer and more hyaline wings, the fewer or less dark blackish brown bristly elements on abdomen, more conspicuous red on abdomen and on pleurae, and distinctly more broadly separated eyes in 3d. | 1 3 B. aurimystax n. sp. Black; antennal joints 1 and 2, face, base of proboscis below, greater part of scutellum and narrow hind margins of venter reddish; legs predominantly yellowish, the apical part of tarsi blackened and apices of claws black; pubescence dense, that on abdomen somewhat shaggy and that on disc of thorax appearing slightly cropped off, that on occiput, thorax in front and sides very pale sericeous whitish, appearing whiter in certain lights, that on disc of thorax with a shightly more sericeous yellowish gleam, that Txrxr-ric. 35.—Side view and half of ventral view of hypopygium of § Bombylius aurimystax n. sp. _ on abdomen whitish or sericeous whitish, without any dark bristles on sides or apically, that on frons, antennal joint 1, face and genae sericeous yellowish, becom- ing more golden yellowish on frons, apical part of face and on genae, the mystax, in fact, markedly gleaming golden with even a touch of orange, that on head below and body below more obviously white than above, that on venter very pale yellowish, whiter on sides but even slightly ochreous apically; wings greyish hyaline, with a slight yellowish tinge which becomes more evident and distinct basally, the base, costal cell, with the basal comb pale yellowish, the veins yellowish brown, becoming more yellowish towards base, with the discal cross vein just at about middle of discoidal cell, with the squamae opaquely 188 Annals of the South African Museum. yellowish, brownish-bordered, and fringed with white hair; halteres yellowish, with almost whitish knobs. Head with the inner margins of eyes above subcontiguous for a short distance subequal to length of tubercle, the narrow space narrower than front ocellus; frons slightly depressed centrally; face tumidly prominent and produced; antennae with joint 1 about 3 times as long as 2, with 3 broadest just before middle, gradually narrowed apically, and also slightly narrowed at base; proboscis about 34 mm. long. Legs with longish hairs basally on the femora, without any spines below on front femora; middle ones with about 2 spines in front in apical part; hind femora with about 9 spines from near base to apex; claws slender, gradually curved downwards apically, with the pulvilli not reaching apices of claws. Hypopygium (text-fig. 35) like that of latipectus, the long and slender beaked apical joints, however, relatively slightly longer; aedeagus slightly shorter and the apical part more slender and much shorter; basal strut slightly narrower, longer, and projecting con- siderably beyond bases of basal parts. Type in the South African Museum. Length of body: about 9 mm. Length of wing: about 9 mm. Locality.— Namaqualand: Garies (Mus. Exp., June 1930). 2 33 B. pseudopsis n. sp. Body predominantly black, with antennal joint 1 yellowish, but darkened above, with only front part of face tending to be yellowish, the head below black or very dark, with the base of proboscis below yellowish, with the hinder part or half of scutellum ferruginous reddish and hind margins of sternites also reddish; legs predominantly yellowish, but bases of front and middle femora blackish or darkened and last two tarsal joints and apical part of claws also darkened; pubescence dense, tending to be shortish and with a slightly shorn off appearance on thorax, that on first antennal joints and face rather dense, that on body above predominantly pale, gleaming sericeous whitish and with scarcely any touch of sericeous yellowish, that on abdomen also very pale, almost whitish, that towards apex even more apparently whitish, that on sides towards base with a more straw- coloured yellowish tint to even creamy yellowish, that on head below, pleurae, pectus, and sides of venter basally frosty whitish, that in front of wings tinted slightly more yellowish in certain lights, that on face distinctly more yellowish and gleaming sericeous yellowish to very _ A Revision of the Bombylidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 189 pale golden, that on venter laterally also more yellowish, with some or a few or even without any darker and more brownish bristly elements transversely across abdomen, especially towards apex on side; wings greyish hyaline, with the basal two-thirds distinctly, though faintly, tinged yellowish, the base and costal cell being more subopaquely yellowish whitish, with the basal comb ochreous yellowish, the veins brownish but becoming yellowish towards base, with the discal cross vein tending to be at about middle of discoidal cell, with the squamae opaquely yellowish, narrowly dark-bordered and fringed with whitish hair; halteres yellowish, with very pale and almost whitish knobs. Head with the eyes subcontiguous above, the narrow space scarcely as broad as front ocellus, the length of space even shorter than length of ocellar tubercle; face rather conically prominent, much as in aurimystax, distinctly longer than combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2; antennae with joint 1 quite 3 timesas long as 2, with Trxr-ric. 36.—Dorsal view of beaked joint 2 transverse, with 3 about, Se 4 Bead tins Mae ae or even a little more than, 1} times as long as 1 and 2 combined, slender and rod-like, gradually tapering apically, ending in a small conical terminal element bearing a short style; proboscis about 34 mm. long. Legs with fine and longish white hairs on femora below, with about 7—9 spines on hind ones below; claws gradually and arcuately curved, the pulvill not reaching their bent-down apices. Hypopygium (text-fig. 36) very much like that of aurimystax, but with the aedeagus not so bent downwards apically and with the apices of beaked apical joints more bent downwards and with a smaller basal strut. Type in the South African Museum and paratype in the Imperial Institute. Length of body : about 8 mm. Length of wing : about 8 mm. Locality —Namaqualand: Bowesdorp (Mus. Exp., November 1931) (Type). Karoo: Graaff-Reinet (Ogilvie, 24—27/10/31). Almost inseparable from aurimystax, but differing, however, in not 190 Annals of the South African Museum. having subspindle-shaped third antennal joints, in having a darker head below, and in having a slightly less prominent face. From icteroglaenus it differs in having a longer face, much paler pubescence, and much fewer dark hairs on abdomen and more gradually curved claws. 1 3 B. wcteroglaenus nu. sp. Body black, with the first antennal joints yellowish, but darkened above, the face dark, but front margin or front part more brownish, TExt-Fric. 37.—Side and ventral views of hypopygium of ¢ of Bombylius icteroglaenus N. sp. the head below also obscurely dark brownish, with the base of pro- boscis below also obscure reddish brown, the hinder half of scutellum ferruginous reddish and hind margins of sternites yellowish; legs predominantly yellowish, the bases of front and middle femora slightly darkened or blackened and last two tarsal joints also blackened; pubescence dense on thorax and shortish, with a slight shorn off appearance, that on thorax in front gleaming very pale sericeous yellowish, that on disc, sides of thorax above wings, on scutellum and predominantly on abdomen above pale golden to even deep golden yellowish, that on abdomen especially gleaming deep golden yellowish, that on first antennal joints and face with slight sericeous yellowish gleams, that on head below and body below frosty whitish, that on sides of venter basally more straw-coloured, that towards apex of venter more yellowish, with the transverse bristly elements across tergites, especially on sides, distinctly darker and more brownish golden to even blackish brown or dark reddish brown; wings greyish A Revision of the Bombyludae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 191 hyaline, with the basal two-thirds very faintly tinged yellowish, the base and costal cell more subopaquely yellowish whitish, the basal comb yellowish, with the veins dark brownish, slightly more reddish or yellowish brown basally, with the discal cross vein at about middle of discoidal cell, with the squamae opaquely yellowish, narrowly dark-bordered and fringed with creamy hairs; halteres yellowish brown, with very pale yellowish knobs. Head with the eyes narrowly separated above by a short space about as wide as front ocellus; face subequal in length to combined antennal joints 1 and 2, not prominent; antennae with joint 1 a little more than 3 times as long as 2, with 2 transverse, with 3 not quite 14 times as long as | and 2 combined, very slender and rod-like, only gradually tapering apically, ending apically in a small conical element bearing a short style; proboscis about 34 mm. long. Legs with sparse hairs on femora below and with about 7 spines below on hind ones; claws distinctly more rapidly bent down, almost at right angles, near apex, and the pulvilli reaching their bent-down apices. Hypopygium (text-fig. 37) with the beaked apical joints also elongate and pointed. Type in the South African Museum. Length of body: about 8 mm. Length of wing: about 74 mm. Locality —_ Namaqualand: Bowesdorp (Mus. Exp., November 1931). This species differs from aurimystax in having a very much shorter ‘ and darker face, more slender third antennal joints, more golden or yellowish pubescence on abdomen, and more rapidly curved claws. It is nearer to pseudopsis, from which it differs by the more golden pubescence, shorter face, and claws which are more rapidly bent down nearer apex. 1 3 4 92 B. meltoni n. sp. Body entirely black; hind part of scutellum (excepting black triangular basal spot) reddish brown; antennal joint 1 obscurely reddish below; legs yellowish, the coxae, trochanters, and extreme bases of the femora black, the last 2 tarsal joints and apices of claws also black; pubescence rather dense and shaggy on front part of thorax, that on occiput, front part and humeral part of thorax markedly gleaming silvery or silky whitish, especially in g, thus con- trasting collar-like with the more yellowish pubescence on disc of thorax, that on rest of thorax above and on abdomen above pale sericeous yellowish to golden yellowish, especially on base of thorax and on scutellum in 99, that on frons anteriorly in 99 whitish, with 25 Annals of the South African Museum. the hairs on face predominantly pale yellowish, the hair on head below, pleural regions, in metapleural tuft, sides of tergite 1, on venter and even sides towards apex of abdomen in both sexes white and contrasting with that on body above, the hair and bristly hairs on coxae also white, with the bristly hairs on ocellar tubercle, on antennae below, the bristles on face in front and upper parts of genae dark even slightly brownish in 99, slightly paler and only those on face brownish basally in 3, with the bristles or bristly hairs on sides of thorax in TExt-FIG. 38.—Side view and half of ventral view of hypopygium of ¢ Bombylius meltoni n. sp. front of wing-bases, including macrochaetae, the post-alar bristles, those across hind margin of scutellum distinctly much darker than rest of pubescence, brownish to blackish brown, especially those on posterior calli and scutellum; all these bristles are usually much darkened towards their bases, with the transverse bristles across hind margins of abdominal tergites from 2 to apex and especially on sides conspicuously black, those towards apex tipped whitish; wings greyish hyaline, the base and costal cell subopaquely yellowish white, with the veins dark blackish brown, becoming slightly paler and more yellowish basally, with the second longitudinal vein sightly undulating and only very gradually bending upwards at its end, with the first posterior cell more or less subacute apically, with the discal cross vein just beyond middle of discoidal cell, with the squamae subopaquely dirty yellowish white, dark margined and fringed with white hairs; halteres with whitish knobs. Head with the eyes in 3 above separated by a space, at narrowest part, as broad as front part of ocellar tubercle, the interocular space in 9? a little less than 4 times as broad as tubercle; A Revision of the Bombylidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 193 antennae with joint | a little more than 3 times as long as joint 2, with joint 3 almost rod-like only a little thicker at base, with their terminal styles shghtly bent upwards hook-like and showing a small but distinct basal joint or element from which they arise; proboscis about 25-34 mm. long; palps with the basal joints pallid and longer than apical ones. Legs with spines apically above on the femora; front femora without any spines below; middle ones with about 2 spines in apical part in front; hind ones with about 4—7 spines from just before middle to apex, the basal ones more or less slender, bristle- like, and long; claws slender and gradually curved to apex, the pulvilli reaching or extending a little beyond middle. Hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 38) with the beaked apical joints elongate and narrowish, without any ventral aedeagal process and with the lateral struts broadish. Types in the South African Museum. Length of body: about 6-74 mm. Length of wing: about 64-8} mm. Locality. Nieuwveld Karoo: Beaufort W. to Victoria West Distr.; Melton Wold Estate (Mus. Staff, October 1935) (Types). Namaqualand: Nieuwoudtville (Mus. Staff, September 1936). This species is peculiar in the series with black transverse bristles on abdomen in having the second longitudinal vein slightly undulating and only gradually bent upwards at its end. 1 3 B. kaokoénsis un. sp. Body, including antennae, face, head below, proboscis, and scutellum black, with the hinder part of scutellum, however, very obscurely darkly rufous and the abdomen entirely black; legs with the femora darkened or blackish to much beyond the middle, even the hind ones predominantly blackish, the apical parts of the femora and the tibiae and tarsi yellowish, the apical parts of the tarsi more brownish; pubescence rather longish and shaggy, predominantly straw-coloured yellowish above and with sericeous gleams, that on abdomen with slightly more sericeous yellowish gleams discally in certain lights, that on occiput appearing almost whitish in certain lights, that on body below distinctly more frosty whitish, with the scaling on legs whitish; wings hyaline, with the costal cell and basal two-thirds faintly, but distinctly, tinged yellowish, with the basal comb yellowish and very poorly developed, with the veins brownish, becoming more yellowish towards base, with the discal cross vein a little beyond 194 Annals of the South African Museum. middle of discoidal cell, the first posterior cell normal apically, with the squamae subopaquely yellowish whitish and fringed with whitish hair; halteres with very pale yellowish knobs. Head with the eyes slightly flattened above, in actual contact above for a short distance in front of ocellar tubercle, then gradually diverging for a very short distance before more rapidly diverging apically; face subequal in length to combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2; antennae with joint 1 quite 24 times as long as 2, with 2 subglobular, with 3 more or TExtT-FIG. 39.—Side view and half of ventral view of hypopygium of 3 Bombylius kaokoénsis n. sp. less spindle-shaped but broadest nearer base, more rapidly attenuated apically than basally, ending apically in a small conical element bearing a short style; proboscis slender and about 2mm. long. Legs slender and with only about 4 or 5 slender spines on hind ones below; claws distinctly rapidly curved down, almost at right angles, nearer apex, with the pulvilli long and reaching bent-down apices of claws. Hypopygium (text-fig. 39) resembles that of tinctipennis (cf. text-figs. 30 and 31), with the inner apical angles of basal parts triangularly projecting; beaked apical joints not elongate, but not very broad basally, leaf-shaped and depressed above; aedeagus with the apical part slender, just about reaching apices of inner apical angles of basal parts, with a large, lamellate ventral process on each side and pro- jecting vertically downwards; basal strut more or less chopper-shaped. Type in the South African Museum. Length of body: about 6 mm. Length of wing: about 63 mm. _A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 195 Locality—South West Africa: Kaokoveld; Kaross (Mus. Exp., February 1925). This species differs from inermis in having longer and more shaggy pubescence, black scutellum, more extensively blackened femora, and entirely different type of hypopygium. 1 $ B. extraneus nu. sp. Black, even antennae, face and proboscis entirely black; scutellum with only the hinder part discally reddish, the red, however, less extensive than is usual in this series; legs with the coxae, trochanters, basal halves of front and middle femora and bases of hind ones blackened or black, and the last two tarsal joints also darkened; pubescence rather shaggy, not with a cropped appearance on thorax above, fairly dense, predominantly straw-coloured yellowish above, appearing more sericeous whitish on thorax in front when viewed from in front, but also appearing more yellowish on disc of thorax in certain lights, that on abdomen above even distinctly more sericeous yellowish in certain lights, especially that towards apex, without any dark transverse rows of bristles on abdomen above, with the pubes- cence on frons and face pale yellowish, that on face tending to be deeper sericeous yellowish, that on head below, pleurae and pectus, and base of venter white, the longish hairs on femora also whitish, with the scaling on legs very pale yellowish white, appearing almost white on dark parts, the spines and spicules pale yellowish; wings greyish hyaline, becoming slightly subopaquely yellowish whitish in costal cell and base, with the veins blackish brown, becoming paler towards base, with the discal cross vein distinctly just before middle of discoidal cell, with the first posterior cell tending to be narrow, with the basal comb small and yellowish, with the squamae opaquely yellowish and fringed with almost whitish hairs; halteres yellowish, with almost white knobs. Head with the eyes above almost touching, separated by a very narrow space, even narrower than front ocellus, the inner margins at first gradually diverging for a short distance, then rapidly; antennae with joint 1 quite 3 times as long as 2, with 3 subrod-like, gradually thickened basally, the terminal style short and straight; proboscis about 24 mm. long. Legs without any spines on front femora below; middle ones without any or apparently with only 1 spine apically on anterior aspect, hind femora with about 4-5 slender spines from about middle to apex; claws slender, gradually curved downwards apically, the pulvilli not reaching the apices. 196 Annals of the South African Museum. Hypopygivum resembles that of meltoni (cf. text-fig. 38), with the beaked apical joints also elongate and similarly shaped, with the aedeagus, lateral struts, and even basal strut similarly shaped, only the inner apical parts of basal parts bounding the beaked apical joints on the inside distinctly longer and more projecting, and also with slightly denser hairs on the basal parts. Type in the South African Museum. Length of body : about 54 mm. Length of wing : about 53 mm. Locality. Escarpment between Nieuwveld and Gouph Karoo: Fraserburg Distr., Teekloof (Mus. Staff, November 1935). This species is peculiar in that the discal cross vein is a little, but distinctly, before the middle of discoidal cell in this specimen. In this respect it should really be included in the globulus and eurhinatus series. It may, however, be easily separated from the former series by the predominantly black body, entirely black antennae, black proboscis, black abdomen, black face, etc. 1 3 B. anomalus n. sp. Body, including face and head below, black; scutellum ferruginous reddish on hinder half, and first antennal joints yellowish, though darkened above, the narrowish hind margins of sternites also reddish and proboscis below reddish brownish; legs with the femora blackened at bases, and apical parts of tarsi brownish; pubescence dense and shortish on thorax above and with a shorn-off appearance, longer on abdomen, predominantly whitish sericeous on occiput and thorax in front, becoming more gleaming yellowish sericeous on abdomen above, even more golden on abdomen, but paler again towards apex, with the transverse bristly elements on abdomen slightly deeper golden and even tending to be darker on sides towards apex, the pubescence on face and antennae more pale golden to golden, that on body below, in metapleural tuft and on sides of venter basally more whitish to frosty whitish, the hair on sides of tergite 1 also more whitish, the scaling on legs whitish; wings vitreous hyaline, with the basal two-thirds faintly tinged yellowish, the costal cell and base more subopaquely yellowish whitish, with the basal comb small and yellowish, the veins reddish brown, paler basally, the first longitudinal vein reddish yellow, with the discal cross vein only a little beyond middle of discoidal cell, with the second longitudinal vein only gradually curved up at its end, with the squamae subopaquely yellowish, dark-margined and fringed with - A Revision of the Bombyluidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 197 creamy yellowish hairs; halteres yellowish brown and with very pale knobs. Head with the eyes contiguous above for a short distance scarcely as long as ocellar tubercle; face slightly longer than combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2; antennae with joint 1 about 3 times as long as 2, with 2 globular, with 3 about 14 times as long as 1 and 2 combined, gradually narrowed apically, ending in a conical terminal element bearing a style; proboscis about 34 mm. long. Legs with about 2 spines in front on middle femora below and with about 6 spines Trext-Fic. 40.—Side view and half of ventral view of hypopygium of 3 Bombylius anomalus n. sp. on hind ones below; claws gradually and arcuately curved, the pulvilli not reaching their apices. Hypopygiwm (text-fig. 40) with the inner apical angles or processes of basal parts only slightly projecting: beaked apical joints elongate, narrowish, their apices acute and bent downwards, pubescent above; aedeagus without a ventral process below, the apical part straight; lateral struts comparatively broad and short; basal strut bat-shaped. Type in the South African Museum. Length of body : about 63 mm. Length of wing : about 73 mm. Locality — Namaqualand: Garies Distr.; Klip Vlei (Mus. Exp., November 1931). This species resembles aurimystax, but is slightly smaller, with the wings more hyaline in apical part, with the discal cross vein distinctly beyond middle of discoidal cell, the eyes are more subcontiguous VOL. XXXIV. 14 198 Annals of the South African Museum. above, the face is very much shorter and not so conically produced, and the femora are more distinctly darkened basally. 1 g B. calvimiensis n. sp. Body black; antennal joints 1 and 2, face, genae, front part of head below, base of proboscis below, greater part of scutellum, propleural part above front coxae, and to a certain extent sutural parts of pleurae above middle coxae ferruginous red; legs reddish yellow, only the last 2 tarsal joints darker and more brownish, with the claws black from before middle; pubescence fine and dense, not with a very close shorn-off appearance on the thorax, rather long on abdomen, that on face not very dense and not very long, that on front coxae dense and shaggy, that on occiput and body above yellowish, gleaming sericeous yellowish, but becoming distinctly paler and more whitish towards apex of abdomen, that on ocellar tubercle, antennae, face, and genae deeper yellowish and gleaming more golden, that on head below more contrastingly whitish, that on pleurae duller than above but straw- coloured yellowish, the hair below wing-bases and in metapleural tuft being distinctly more whitish, the yellowish hairs on coxae, especially front ones, and on the trochanters with intermixed dark or brownish - ones, with the pubescence on venter dense and paler than on thorax in front, more straw-coloured, that on sides appearing very pale and becoming distinctly more whitish apically, with the fine but dense hairs on front and middle femora below predominantly straw-coloured yellowish but with intermixed darkish or more brownish ones, especi- ally near base, with the macrochaetal bristles (2) on each side in front of wings pale yellowish and without any distinct stout transverse bristles on abdomen; wings vitreous hyaline, with the costal cell, first basal cell, base and alula subopaquely pale yellowish, with the basal comb yellow and appearing golden in certain lights, with the veins dark brownish, becoming more yellowish basally, the costal vein and first longitudinal vein being more reddish yellow, with the discal cross vein a little beyond middle of discoidal cell, with the squamae sub- opaquely yellowish and fringed with almost whitish hairs which gleam creamy yellowish in certain lights; halteres yellowish, with very pale yellowish knobs. Head with the eyes above narrowly separated by a short space about as wide as front ocellus just in front of ocellus; face slightly conically prominent from side; antennae with joint 1 short, only a very little longer than 2 times as long as 2, with 3 at least 14 times as long as 1 and 2 combined, gradually narrowed apically, A Revision of the Bombyludae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 199 ending apically in a short joint-like basal element bearing a fine style, with the bases of first antennal joints situated on a slightly raised front part of frons; proboscis about 4 mm. long. Legs slender, without any spines on front femora; middle ones with about 3 slender bristle-like spines in apical half in front and 2 behind; hind femora with about 9 slender spines from just before middle to apex on outer side below; claws gradually curved down apically, with the pulvill just about reaching middle of claws. Hypopygiwm (text-fig. 41) Trext-Fic. 41.—Side and ventral views of hypopygium of § of Bombylius calviniensis n. sp. with the beaked apical joints narrow and elongate as in the other species in this series. Type in the South African Museum. Length of body: about 7 mm. Length of wing: about 8 mm. Locality —N. Western Karoo: Calvinia (Mus. Exp., September 1936). This species very closely resembles such species as aurimystaz, pseudopsis, and anomalus. From the latter it may at once be dis- tinguished by having the face and lower part of head reddish, shorter first antennal joints, less whitish pubescence on pleurae and pectus, paler pubescence on abdomen, and the wings less distinctly tinged yellowish in basal half. From pseudopsis it differs in having no trace of transverse blackish or dark bristly hairs or bristles on abdomen, more yellowish pubescence on pectus and pleurae, and the wings not distinctly tinged yellowish in basal half. From aurimystax it differs 200 Annals of the South African Museum. in not having the basal two-thirds of wings tinged yellowish, discal cross vein not at about middle of discoidal cell, more yellowish pubescence on pectus, slightly broader interocular space which is also much shorter and a less conical face. B. xanthocerus Bezz. (P. 19, Ann. S) Ate: Mus, vol) xvi 19213) This species, the ¢ of which Bezzi described very shortly, is also represented in the still undescribed 9-sex. The species is character- ised as follows :— Body predominantly black; the entire antennae, the face and head below, sometimes extreme base of proboscis below, the entire scutellum slight sutural infusions on pleurae, especially in 99, the narrowish hind © margins of tergites 4-6 in some 99 especially and hind margins of sternites yellowish; legs almost entirely yellowish, even the coxae are yellowish, only the trochanters have a black spot, and last 2 tarsal joints and apices of claws are blackish; pubescence dense and shortish, that on thorax, especially in $3, with a shorn-off appearance, that on abdomen also not shaggy in both sexes, predominantly gleaming sericeous yellowish to pale golden yellowish above, that towards apex of abdomen in $¢ not much paler, that on first antennal joints and face in gg even more sericeous whitish, more sericeous yellowish in 29, that on sides of abdomen basally, especially in 92, deeper golden yellowish, that on head below, pleurae, pectus, and on each side of venter basally paler yellowish than above, the palest pectoral pubes- cence gradually grading into the yellowish hair on body above, with the bristly elements on body yellowish like rest of pubescence; wings glassy hyaline, iridescent, with the base, costal cell, and basal part of first basal cell subopaquely whitish yellowish, with the basal comb small and yellowish, the veins brownish, becoming paler and yellowish basally, with the discal cross vein a little beyond middle of discoidal cell, with the second longitudinal vein gradually curved up at its end, with the squamae subopaquely pale yellowish and fringed with pale yellowish hair, which appear more creamy in certain lights; halteres yellowish and with almost whitish knobs. Head with the eyes above in gS in contact for a short distance, subequal in length to ocellar tubercle, with the interocular space on vertex in 99 rather narrowish, only about 1} times as broad as combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2, the inner margins gradually diverging apically; face rather short and shorter than combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2; A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 201 antennae with joint 1 shortish, only about 25 times as long, with 2 slightly longer than broad, with 3 quite, or even a little more than, 1; times as long as 1 and 2 combined, more or less spindle- shaped, broadest just before middle and more slender apically, the joint appearing slightly humped above at broad- est part, ending apically in a distinct conical element bearing an upwardly directed short style; proboscis about 3-4 mm.; palps slender, with the apical joint rather long and slender. Legs with longish hairs on femora below, with about 2 slender spines on middle femora in front and about 4-6 slender spines on hind ones below; claws rapidly bent down, almost at right angles, nearer apex, and the pulvili reaching their bent-down apices; front tarsal joints in 99 hairy and only very slightly thickened. Hypopygiwm of Tee Ry eT ne se S$ (text-fig. 42) with the inner apical hypopygium and dorsal view angles of basal parts somewhat angularly Tae SiGe Cae acute; beaked apical joints not slender and very elongate, slightly depressed above; aedeagus without a process ventrally below. In the South African Museum. Length of body: about 64-7 mm. Length of wing: about 6-7 mm. Locality — Namaqualand: Bushmaniand. Easily distinguished by the entirely reddish or yellowish antennae, the slightly humped third antennal joints, the short face, and pale yellowish pubescence on body. Except in the colour of the pub- escence this species has no connection with mundus Lw. 1 3 5 92 B. karooénsis n. sp. (Syn. =ruficeps Bezz. nec Macq. 3.) The ¢ of this species was referred to ruficeps Macq. (pp. 88 and 89, Dipt. Exot. ii, Table VII, fig. 5, 1840) by Bezzi (p. 21, Ann. S. Afr. Mus., vol. xviii). Macquart’s poor description of a 2 gives no clue to the identity of this species, except its large size, and his figure of a wing does not refer to his ruficeps, but to Fabricius’ micans, a species 202 Annals of the South African Museum. referred to group 3 in this paper. This species of Macquart, as well as other large S. African species of his, such as albiventris, flaviceps, aurantiacus, and rufus (pp. 87, 88, 89, and 91, loc. cit.), are all in- determinable from his brief and vague descriptions and confused figures. Unless Bezzi has had access to Macquart’s type, I fail to see how he was able to refer this g-specimen to ruficeps. In view of the fact that all these specimens are from the Karoo and the N.W. Cape Province, localities where the Bombyliid-fauna is poorly known, even at present, it is improbable that Macquart’s species can be referred to a typical Karoo-species, such as this. The characters of this species are :— Black; antennal joint 1 (also 2 in 9), face and front part of head below, basal joints of palps, proboscis below, and scutellum pale yellowish, pale reddish yellow to reddish, the scutellum being more ferruginous red; pleurae, especially in 9, often slightly reddish above the coxae, and first abdominal segment on side reddish to obscure reddish, with the apical segment in 2 often also reddishy and hind margins of ventral segments 1-3 more or less broadly pale yellowish white, but the apical sternite in 2 more reddish; coxae and legs pale ochreous yellow to reddish yellow, the coxae in ¢ being slightly more obscure reddish, and the bases of the femora in the ¢ slightly darkened, with the last tarsal joints also distinctly blackened in both sexes; pubescence on body above, from side, creamy yellowish, pale yellowish to pale golden yellow in 9, paler and more creamy yellowish in 3, that on occiput and thorax in front in ¢ almost gleaming sericeous whitish, that on abdomen in @ creamy yellow, distinctly yellow to golden yellow, much paler and almost white apically in 3, but more yellowish basally on each side, with the bristles in front of wing-bases, those on mesopleuron in 9, the scutellar bristles and the transverse bristles on abdomen in 2 pale yellowish to pale golden yellow, paler in 3, with the pubescence on frons, antennae, and face pale sericeous yellowish to pale golden in 9, almost sericeous white in 3, that on head below in both sexes sericeous white, that on pleurae creamy yellowish, slightly paler in 3, that on upper parts of pleurae in both sexes slightly more yellowish, the entire pleural parts in 3, however, appearing paler and more sericeous in certain lights, that on venter creamy yellowish in g and some 99, and slightly more yellowish to even ochreous yellowish in 9, with the short and depressed pubescence on body above pale sericeous yellow in 2 and more sericeous whitish in g, more or less arranged densely and transversely across bases of segments and along dorsal line in 9 especially; wings hyaline, but with a distinct feeble A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 203 subopaquely milky whitish tint, with the base, costal cell, basal half of first basal cell, and extreme base of second basal cell more sub- opaquely yellowish, with the basal comb large and well developed, sericeous yellowish to yellow, with the veins pale reddish yellow, especially along main veins and towards base, often more brownish towards their apices, with the opaquely yellowish squamae fringed with pale creamy whitish hair, with the discal cross vein much beyond middle of discoidal cell and with the second longitudinal vein slightly TExt-FIG. 43.—Side view and half of ventral view of hypopygium of J Bombylius karooénsis n. sp. undulating; halteres yellowish and with almost white knobs. Head with the eyes in g¢ above just touching in front of tubercle, then gradually diverging for a short distance before a more rapid divergence in front, with the interocular space in 9 about 3, or a little more, times as broad as tubercle; eyes in ¢ more or less slightly flattened above; antennae with joint 1 very short, about 24-3 times as long as joint 2, with joint 3 broadest near base, more so in 9, then rapidly attenuated apically, the apical slender part being markedly slender and also slightly longer in 3, with the terminal joints not distinctly separately visible, but conically broadened at base and ending in a short style; proboscis about 5-54 mm. long, comparatively stout. Legs with fairly longish pubescent hairs on femora below basally; front femora with about 2-3 spines below and often with | spine on outer hind part; middle ones with about 5-6 spines in apical half below and 2-4 on outer apical aspect; hind ones with about 10-15 fairly stout spines below from near base to apex, with the 2 towards base often placed 204 Annals of the South African Museum. transversely as a pair; front tarsal joints in 2 compact and hairy, but not markedly thickened; claws only gradually and slightly curved downwards apically, with the pulvilli shortish and not extending much beyond middle of claws. Hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 43), with the inner apical angles of basal parts prominent, projecting and pro- vided dorsally with short hairs; beaked apical joints comparatively long and slender; aedeagus with the slender apical part projecting slightly beyond the apical angles of basal parts, without a ventral process. Types in the South African Museum; paratypes in the Transvaal Museum, Imperial Institute, and British Museum. Length of body: about 10-11 mm. Length of wing: about 10-11 mm. Localityi—_N.W. Cape Province: Bushmanland; Jakhals Water (Lightfoot, October, 1911) (Types). Karoo: Graaff-Reinet (Mackie, . 24-27/10/31) (Imp. Institute). 8. Eastern Karoo: Willowmore (Brauns, October 1921). 8. Karoo: Worcester (Turner, September 1928 (British Museum). Easily recognised by its large and bulky size, its dense yellowish pubescence, attenuated third antennal joints, only slightly curved claws, and short pulvilli. It is one of the largest species of Bombylius in this group. 13192 B. aemulus nu. sp. Body predominantly black, with antennal joint 1 and to a certain extent 2, the face and head below in 9, the face in front and head below in 3, the base of proboscis below obscurely, the greater hinder part of scutellum, the hind margins of sternites in both sexes, and an obscure infusion on pleurae in 9 reddish yellow or yellowish; legs almost entirely yellowish in both sexes, only the last 2 tarsal joints blackish; pubescence somewhat dense and shaggy, that on thorax above not with a shorn off appearance, that on abdomen also longish, that on face dense and longish, with the bristly elements poorly developed, no distinct stoutish macrochaetal bristles being evident and rest of bristles not very stiff or stoutish, more like rest of pub- escence, predominantly gleaming sericeous whitish above in 3 and scarcely less whitish, feebly sericeous yellowish in 2, that on abdomen and towards apex, in g especially, almost white, that on scutellum and disc of thorax in 2 with a very faint sericeous yellowish tint, that on face also with a very feeble sericeous yellowish tint in certain lights, that on body below frosty whitish in both sexes; wings glassy hyaline, A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 205 iridescent, with the basal two-thirds in 3 very delicately and feebly tinged yellowish, the base and costal cell in both sexes subopaquely yellowish whitish, with the basal comb very feebly developed and yellowish whitish, the veins brownish in apical half but pale yellowish in basal half including costal veins, with the discal cross vein just beyond, or a little beyond, middle of discoidal cell, with the squamae subopaquely pale ochreous yellowish like base of wing and fringed with white hairs; halteres yellowish, with very pale yellowish or almost whitish knobs. Head with the eyes above in ¢ separated by a space about as broad as front part of tubercle, the interocular space in 2 about 3 times as broad as ocellar tubercle; face shortish, a little shorter than combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2; antennae with joint 1 slender, quite 3, or even a little more, times as long as 2, with 2 globular, | with 3 a little less than Is Trxt-Fic. 44.—Side view and half of ventral times as long as 1 and 2 _ viewof hypopygium of J Bombylius aemulus combined, slender, almost ™ *P’ rod-like, tapering apically and ending in a very small conical terminal element bearing a minute style; proboscis about 2 mm. long. Legs with fairly longish hairs on femora below, especially in g, with about 3-7 spines on hind femora below; front tarsi in 9 slightly thickened; claws rapidly bent down, almost at right angles, nearer apex, and pulvilli reaching their bent-down apices. Hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 44) with the inner apical angles or processes of basal parts projecting slightly; beaked apical joints elongate, narrowish, acutely pointed; aedeagus without a ventral process below; basal strut not very broad and more or less racket-shaped. Types in the South African Museum. Length of body: about 5 mm. Length of wing: about 6 mm. Locality. — Western Cape Province: Olifant’s River Valley (between Citrusdal and Clanwilliam) (Mus. Exp., November 1931). This species resembles globulus in the rather convex thorax which, 206 Annals of the South African Museum. together with the pubescence, appears subglobular. It differs, how- ever, in not having a reddish proboscis, its less yellowish wings, and entirely different type of hypopygium. 3 99 B. montivagus n. sp. Black; antennal joint 1, face in front, genae and head below and scutellum yellowish to pale reddish yellow, the scutellum being more ferruginous red and blackened at base; antennal joint 2 obscurely reddish brown to blackish; pleurae often with a reddish infusion above coxae and the posterior calli obscure reddish; venter with the narrow hind margins of segments pallid and often with the last tergite yellowish and pale reddish yellow apically; legs, including the coxae and trochanters, pale yellowish to pale yellowish reddish, the last 2 tarsal joints and apices of claws blackish brown to black; pubescence on body above long and recumbent, that on occiput and thorax in front being long, straw-coloured yellowish above, that on antennae and face being more pale sericeous yellow, with the tuft in front of wings more creamy yellowish in certain lights, that on abdomen laterally towards base also more creamy yellowish, that towards apex laterally and above more straw-coloured, that on head below, on pleural and pectoral parts and base of venter sericeous whitish, becoming duller whitish and more straw-coloured whitish towards upper parts of pleurae, the metapleural tuft being more straw- coloured whitish, that on greater part of venter straw-coloured yellowish, inclining to creamy yellowish laterally, with the bristles in front of wings straw-coloured yellowish to whitish, with apparently no stiffer bristles on upper part of mesopleuron; wings hyaline, but with a very faint milky whitish tint in certain lights, with the costal cell, basal half of first basal cell, and base more subopaquely whitish to very pale yellowish white, with the basal comb small and whitish, with the veins dark brown, becoming paler and even more yellowish towards base and along main longitudinal veins, with the second longitudinal vein more or less straight, with the discal cross vein beyond middle of discoidal cell, with the opaquely whitish to faintly yellowish squamae fringed whitish; halteres yellowish, with almost white knobs. Head with the interocular space, at narrowest part, about 3, or even more, times as broad as ocellar tubercle; antennal joint 1 slender, comparatively long, at least 34 times as long as the subglobular second joint, with joint 3 slender, not much thicker than joint 1, at least 14 times as long as 1 and 2 combined, almost rod-like, A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 207 broadest just before middle, but not much broader than rest of the joint, very gradually more narrowed apically, with the conically thickened basal part of terminal joints about as long as the style (the different joints not being separately visible); palps with the basal joints pallid; proboscis about 2-24 mm. long. Legs with longish and slender hairs on femora basally below, without any spines on front and middle ones below, and with about 3-5 slender spines in apical half below on hind femora; claws with the apices rather rapidly bent downwards and the puivilli as long as claws. Type in the British Museum. Length of body: about 54-6 mm. Length of wing: about 6 mm. Locality.—S. Western Cape Province: Ceres (Turner, 1500 feet alt., January 1921) (Type); Ceres (Turner, November 1920); Worcester (Turner, December 1933). A smallish species which resembles the 2 of aemulus to such an extent that it is almost inseparable, but as the ¢ is still unknown these specimens are provisionally referred to a separate species. From the allotype-aemulus these 99 differ in having slightly more yellowish pubescence, in having distinctly more yellowish hair in front of wings, less convex thorax, more reddish on pleurae, and darker wing-venation. From 99 of zmitator they differ in having an entirely black abdomen, longer first antennal joints, more slender third antennal joints, and no dark or blackish transverse bristles on abdomen. 2 92 B. damarensis n. sp. Body black; antennal joint 1, front part of face, genae, head below, the very narrow hind margins of last few tergites, the extreme sides of tergites (seen from below), and the narrow hind margins of sternites pallid or yellowish; scutellum pale yellowish red, the base black; legs very pale yellowish, the coxae obscurely reddish brown and last 2 or 3 tarsal joints blackish brown; pubescence comparatively short, pale sericeous yellowish to very pale golden yellowish above, that on frons more pale golden to ochreous yellowish, that on abdomen above more distinctly golden yellowish, that on head below whitish, that on pleurae only a little paler yellowish than on body above, becoming slightly paler towards pectus and appearing more whitish when viewed from obliquely in front, with the thoracic, scutellar, and abdominal bristles coloured like rest of pubescence; wings hyaline, but with a faint whitish subopacity, the base being more subopaquely 208 Annals of the South African Museum. whitish to pale yellowish white and the costal cell more whitish, the veins brownish, more yellowish basally, the basal comb yellowish and small, with the discal cross vein tending to be at about the middle or slightly beyond the middle of discoidal cell, with the squamae opaquely pale yellowish white and fringed with very pale yellowish or creamy yellowish hair; halteres yellowish, with almost white knobs. Head with the interocular space on vertex, at narrowest part, about 3, or very little more, times as broad as ocellar tubercle; antennae with joint 1 short, only about 24 times as long as the trans- verse joint 2, with jot 3 comparatively stoutish, broadest a little before middle and then more gradually narrowed apically than basally, the apical part not being very slender, quite 2 times as long as joints 1 and 2 combined, with the terminal elements in form of a conical element bearing a short style; face somewhat sparsely haired, short, and subequal in length to combined antennal joints 1 and 2; proboscis comparatively stout, about 2 mm. long, and entirely black. Legs with some sparse hairs on femora below basally, without any spines on front femora below; middle ones with about 1 spine below; hind femora with about 3-4 slender, pallid spines in apical half below; claws rapidly bent down, almost at right angles, nearer apex, and the pulvilli reaching their bent-down apices; front tarsal joints slightly thickened, more compact, and hairy. Type in the British Museum. Length of body: about 63-7 mm. Length of wing: about 7 mm. Locality.—South West Africa: Damaraland; Okahandja (Turner, 1-12/1/28, and the Type, 13-19/1/28). 2 33 B. sumulans n. sp. Body black, with the thorax somewhat convex, with the face and head below also predominantly black, with the first and to a certain extent second antennal joints yellowish, the first sometimes slightly darkened above, with the proboscis yellowish below and even above basally, with the greater part of scutellum ferruginous reddish and hind margins of sternites yellowish, the abdomen above entirely black; legs predominantly yellowish, only the last two tarsal joints — and apices of claws blackish; pubescence dense and longish, that on abdomen more shaggy, that on first antennal joints and face dense, that on body above predominantly pale creamy yellowish and with sericeous gleams, that on each side on thorax in front sometimes even A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 209 gleaming more sericeous whitish in certain lights, that on abdomen becoming paler and more whitish towards apex, but on sides basally more sericeous yellowish, that tuft-like on each side in front of wings also appearing more sericeous yellowish in certain lights, that on face with yellowish or faint sericeous yellowish gleams, that on body below contrastingly frosty whitish, without any dark bristly elements on abdomen; wings greyish hyaline, with the basal two-thirds very faintly but distinctly tinged yellowish, the costal and basal part more subopaquely yellowish, with the basal comb yellowish, the veins dark brownish, becoming paler and more yellowish towards base and along costal and subcostal veins, with the discal cross vein a little beyond middle of discoidal cell, with the squamae subopaquely pale yellowish, narrowly dark- bordered and fringed with creamy hairs; halteres yel- lowish and with almost white knobs. Head with the eves narrowly separated TExtT-FIG. 45.—Side view and half of ventral 2 : view of hypopygium of § Bombylius simulans n. sp. above by a space as broad as front half or part of ocellar tubercle; face about as long as or slightly shorter than com- bined length of antennal joints 1 and 2; antennae with joint 1 nearly or about 3 times as long as 2, with 2 transverse, with 3 a little less than 14 times as long as 1 and 2 combined, slightly thickened just before middle and more rapidly narrowed apically than basally, ending apically in a rather distinct conical terminal element bearing a short style; proboscis about 3 mm. long, slender. Legs with rather dense hairs on femora below, with about 1-2 spines in apical half on middle femora below; hind ones with about 5-8 slender spines below: claws rapidly bent down, almost at right angles, nearer apex, and with the pulvilli reaching their bent-down apices. Hypopygium (text-fig. 45) with the inner apical angles of basal parts slightly projecting; beaked apical joints elongate, narrowish, and acutely pointed apically, their apices bent downwards. The hypopygium much resembles those of other species in which the beaked apical joints are elongated. 210 Annals of the South African Museum. Type in the South African Museum. Length of body: about 6-7 mm. Length of wing: about 73-8 mm. Locality—_Namaqualand: Kamieskroon (Mus. Exp., September 1930). Superficially this species resembles aemulus in the subglobular thorax, from which it differs in having more yellowish pubescence above, more distinctly tinged wings, larger basal comb, and less slender third antennal joints. 1 3 4 99 B. auriferus n. sp. Body, including proboscis, antennal joint 3, narrow base of scutellum and the coxae in part, black; antennal joints 1 and 2, greater part of face, scutellum, hind margins of abdominal segments above, fairly broad in some 99, broader in J, slightly broader on sides in some 99, and distinctly broader on sides of tergite 2 in 3, and broad -hind margins of sternites and genital segment, pale reddish; legs, excepting only brownish coxae and last 2 tarsal joints, pale yellowish; pubescence with characteristic and peculiar, crinkly or woolly, some- what matted, white hair on occiput, thorax anteriorly and on sides, on abdomen, and on pleurae, much denser in 3, especially on front and sides of thorax and on abdomen, the pubescence on disc of thorax, especially in 3, with a cropped appearance, with the hairs on frons, antennal joint 1 below, on face and genae silvery whitish, the short bristly hairs and bristles on occiput and on disc of thorax in ¢ also gleaming silky whitish, the hairs on coxae also gleaming silky whitish, with the shortish bristles on occiput, ocellar tubercle and sides of frons, on thorax above and sides of thorax, the macrochaetal bristles, the post-alar bristles, the longer bristles on hind part of scutellum and fairly densely and transversely across hind margins of tergites in 99 gleaming golden to reddish golden, those on abdomen especially reddish golden, with the macrochaetae, post-alar, and scutellar bristles and dense transverse bristles on abdomen in the g paler golden yellow, their apices more silvery in certain lights and even the short ones on dise of thorax in $ with slightly golden bases, with the pubescence on venter in both sexes silvery or silky whitish, the hair-like scaling on legs white, and the spines on femora and spicules on tibiae yellowish with shght golden gleams; wings hyaline, the base, costal cell, and base of first basal cell very pale subopaquely yellowish, the veins pale yellowish, becoming slightly darker apically and with a distinct A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 211 blackish infuscation on discal cross vein and on apical cross vein of second basal cell and indications at base of vein between discoidal and third posterior cells and at apex of first posterior cell, with the discal cross vein just beyond middle of discoidal cell, with the squamae opaquely pale yellowish, almost whitish and fringed with white hair; halteres yellowish, with almost white knobs. Head with the eyes in 3 separated above, at narrowest part about as broad as ocellar tubercle, the inner margins rapidly diverging apically, with the interocular space in 9 nearly 3 times as broad as tubercle; antennae with joint 1 about 3 times as long as 2, with joint 3 about 14 times as long as 1 and 2 combined, broadest near base and then gradually narrowed apically, the terminal style short and straight; proboscis about 3-5 mm. long (slightly longer and more slender in 3); palps distinctly 2-jointed, the apical joint shorter and slightly clavate apically, the basal joint stouter. Legs with about 2-3 spines on lower front face in apical half of middle femora; hind femora with about 5-6 spines below from near base to apex; pulvilli shorter than claws, the latter gradually and arcuately curved. The hypopygium of this single 3-specimen is unfortunately damaged. Types in the South African Museum. Length of body: about 7-84 mm. Length of wing: about 6-7 mm. Locality —Bushmanland; Jakhals Water (Lightfoot. October 1911) (Types); Henkries (Lightfoot, October 1911). Namaqualand: Kamieskroon (Mus. Exp., November 1936). Little Karoo: Willow- more (Brauns, 25/11/21). (In the Transvaal Museum.) This beautiful species is very characteristic and may be easily recognised by its crinkly, woolly, white hair and slight infuscations on cross veins. From paterculus Walk. it may be distinguished by all these characters and also by the front tarsi which in the 2° are not visibly thickened. 1 2 B. auriferus var. nigripes n. A 9-specimen from Van Rhynsdorp (Brauns, ix/1928) in the Trans- vaal Museum, which is unfortunately a bit damaged, differs from the type 2 in having the interocular space comparatively slightly broader, joints 1 and 2 of the antennae also black, joint 1 relatively longer, the femora are black, the red on hind margins of abdominal segments less distinct, the black infuscations on cross veins very distinct and striking and also with an infuscation at base of second longitudinal 212 Annals of the South African Museum. more distinct, the base of vein between axillary and anal cells also distinctly infuscated, the discal cross vein is distinctly much beyond middle of discoidal cell, the cell is also longer than first posterior cell, the legs with about 9 spines on hind femora below, bristles on abdomen above are slightly paler, more yellowish, less golden, and hair on body below more yellowish. Owing to the lack of more material and as this specimen does not differ structurally from the 2 allotype and paratypes, I prefer to regard it at present as only a new variety. A Q-specimen from Murraysburg in the South African Museum is much like var. nigripes, but has predominantly yellow legs but black antennae and black face. 1 2 B. auriferus var. melanus n. Similarly there is in the British Museum a very denuded ?-specimen, from Prince Albert Road (Turner, November 1931), which, in the absence of a 3, can be regarded at present as still another variety of auriferus. This specimen differs from the 9-types of auriferus s. str. and its var. nigripes in having the femora, and especially the hind ones, more extensively blackened, the tibiae also darkened above and the hind ones almost entirely so, the hind tarsi too are entirely darkened, with the spines on the legs whitish, not yellowish; face and head below dark; scutellum much more blackened, only the hind part being reddish; reddish hind margins of abdomen narrower and much less conspicuous; antennal joints 1 and 2 also darkened as in var. nigripes, but joint 1 is distinctly shorter, only about 3 times as long as joint 2; wings more like that of auriferus s. str., with the blackish or dark spots much less distinct than in var. nigripes, with the veins, however, slightly darker than in type form; pubescence (as far as this is not denuded) apparently more uniformly white above, that on tubercle, frons, and face, including bristly hairs, entirely white, very shining and gleaming silvery whitish in certain lights, that on body above apparently also whiter and not golden or deep golden and with the hair on coxae also silvery whitish as in the type form. Type in the British Museum. 1 g B. latipectus n. sp. Body black, with antennal joints 1 and 2 yellowish, the face above and front part of head below yellowish, the base of proboscis below also yellowish reddish, with the greater part of scutellum, the hind margins of tergites on sides and the hind margins of sternites more broadly A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 213 reddish; legs almost entirely yellowish, only the coxae to a certain extent, the last 2 tarsal joints, and apical parts of claws black; pubescence dense, rather longish on thorax, slightly longer and more shaggy on abdomen, predominantly gleaming pale sericeous yellowish above, scarcely paler sericeous yellowish towards apex of abdomen, that on sides of abdomen and in front of wings appearing more pale golden only in certain lights, that on head below, pectus, pleurae, and to a certain extent base of venter on each side con- trastingly frosty whitish, with the macrochaetal bristles, post-alar bristles, scutellar bristles, and those across tergites coloured like rest of pubescence above, with the hairs on femora and scaling on legs whitish; wings greyish hyaline, with the basal two-thirds distinctly tinged yellowish, the base, costal cell, basal half of marginal cell, and part of the first basal cell more TEXT-FIc. 46.—Haltf of ventral view and side view subopaquely yellowish of hypopygium of § Bombylius latipectus n. sp. whitish, with the basal comb rather strongly developed and yellowish, the veins dark brownish apically, becoming yellowish to pale yellowish reddish towards base, the first longitudinal vein yellowish, with the discal cross vein at about middle of discoidal cell and discoidal cell rather truncate apically, with the squamae subopaquely yellowish and fringed with whitish hair; halteres pale yellowish brown, with very pale yellowish knobs. Head with the eyes separated above by a space about as broad as narrow front part of ocellar tubercle or broad front ocellus, with the eyes rather large and upper facets rather coarse; face longer than combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2; antennae with joint 1 short, only a little more than 2, or about 23 times as long transverse joint 2 (with 3 missing in specimen); proboscis rather long, about 54 mm. long; palps with the shorter apical joint clavate. Thorax comparatively large and well developed, much longer than broad, nearly as long as combined scutellum and abdomen. Legs with longish hairs on femora below; middle femora with about 4—7 spines in front below and about 2-3 behind; hind femora with about 11 WOES XXIV: 15 214 Annals of the South African Museum. gleaming golden spines below from near base to apex; claws rather strongly developed, rather rapidly bent down, almost at right angles, nearer apex and with the pulvilli extending beyond middle of claws, but not reaching their bent down apices. Hypopygium (text-fig. 46) with the inner apical angles of basal parts angularly projecting; beaked apical joints elongated, narrowish, with acute apices which are directed downwards and outwards and with longish hairs on beaked joints above towards their bases; aedeagus without a ventral process below; basal strut somewhat racket-shaped. Type in the South Africa Museum. Length of body: about 10 mm. Length of wing: about 9 mm. Localityi— Namaqualand: Kamieskroon (Mus. Exp., September 1930). This species is recognised by its rather large and well-developed thorax, somewhat subopaquely greyish hyaline and yellowish-tinged wings, reddish hind margins on sides of tergites, long proboscis and strong claws. From aurimystaz it differs in having a shorter and less produced face and separated eyes, reddish hind margins on sides of abdomen, and more rapidly bent-down claws. 1 g B. wmermis n. sp. Body black, with the face, entire antennae, proboscis and head below also black; scutellum, hind margins on sides of tergites 2, 3, and to a certain extent 4, hind margins of sternites 1-3 and apical part of genital segment reddish; legs with the coxae and bases of femora and at least basal half of front femora blackish, the apical parts of femora, the tibiae, and tarsi yellowish, the hind tarsi and ~ apical parts of the others slightly more brownish; pubescence shortish on occiput and thorax above, where it is dense and with a shorn-off appearance, not very long on abdomen, pale yellowish on body above, gleaming sericeous yellowish in certain lights, becoming paler towards apex of abdomen, that on face and antennae also yellowish, that on pleurae, head below, and coxae only paler than above and more straw-coloured yellowish, becoming distinctly more whitish on pectus, that on venter paler yellowish, but slightly more whitish on sides basally, with the sparse and fine depressed pubescence above gleaming whitish or sericeous yellowish in different lights, the scaling on legs whitish, with the bristly elements, excepting only post-alar bristles, poorly developed and not differing from rest of pubescence; A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 215 wings vitreous hyaline, with the costal cell and base subopaquely yellowish whitish, with the basal comb yellowish, the veins dark brownish, paler basally, with the discal cross vein beyond middle of discoidal cell, the first posterior cell rather acute apically, with the squamae subopaquely yellowish white and fringed with creamy yellowish hairs; halteres pale yellowish brown, with very pale yellowish knobs. Head with the eyes contiguous above, at least inner margins are contiguous, but nevertheless appearing narrowly separated by a narrow space about as broad as front ocellus for a distance at least as long as ocellar tubercle; face rather short and shorter than com- bined length of antennal joints 1 and 2; antennae with joint 1 shortish, only about 2 times as long as 2, with 2 longer than broad, with joint 3 spindle- shaped, broadest just before middle, more rapidly narrowed apically than basally, ending ; apically in a very small conical [yx-p1¢, 47.—Side view and half of ven- element bearing a short style; tral view of hypopygium of 3 Bombylius : imermis N. Sp. proboscis about 4 mm. long, its labial part below finely but visibly strigilose. Legs with shortish hairs on femora below, without any spines on front femora below; middle ones with about 2-3 short spines on each side below nearer apex; hind femora with about 10 spines below from near - base to apex; claws distinctly rapidly bent down, almost at right angles, nearer apex, with the pulvilli reaching apices of claws. Hypopygium (text-fig. 47) with the basal parts rather broadish in neck region, with longish hairs dorsally on each part, with the inner apical angles of basal parts projecting prominently, with the beaked apical joints broad and leaf-like, their apices curved downwards and slightly outwards; aedeagus with scarcely a distinct ventral process below. Type in the Transvaal Museum. Length of body: about 7 mm. Length of wing: about 64 mm. Locality.—Little Karoo: Willowmore (Brauns, 25/11/22). 216 Annals of the South African Museum. 2 99 B. rufescens n. sp. Body with the eyes, greater part of occiput, third antennal joints, proboscis above and apically below, thorax above, base of scutellum, and basal parts of tergites 2-3 or 4 black, with a spot on each side of ocellar tubercle, anterior part of frons, entire face, genae and head below, antennal joints 1 and 2, greater part of proboscis below, humeral part and even sides of thorax above on each side above and in front of wings, the post-alar calli, obscurely across base of thorax, greater part of scutellum, the very broad hind margins of all the tergites and even greater part of apical half of abdomen above, the entire sides of abdomen, the greater part or entire pleurae and greater part or entire venter reddish yellow to reddish; legs, including coxae, entirely yellowish or reddish yellow; pubescence shortish, predominantly straw-coloured to whitish on thorax above, that on abdomen slightly more yellowish to sericeous yellowish, the macro- chaetal bristles, post-alar bristles and those on scutellum and trans- versely on abdomen above even deeper yellowish, gleaming more golden to deep golden yellowish, the pubescence on head above, antennae and face golden yellowish to yellowish sericeous, that on head below and body below whitish, that on sides of abdomen basally sometimes also whitish in certain lights, that on venter whitish, especially towards base, with the depressed, fine scaling on abdomen above whitish to pale sericeous yellowish, even more golden towards apex, sericeous yellowish to golden on frons, more distinctly whitish on thorax above; wings hyaline, but with a slight whitish subopacity in certain lights, with the base, costal cell, and basal half of first basal cell more subopaquely very pale yellowish whitish, with the basal comb very small, reduced and yellowish, the veins reddish or reddish brown and paler, more yellowish reddish basally, with the discal cross vein at about, or just beyond, middle of discoidal cell, with the squamae opaquely yellowish white and fringed with creamy or sericeous hairs; halteres yellowish and with very pale yellowish knobs. Head with the interocular space comparatively narrow, about 3 times as broad as ocellar tubercle or about 2 times as broad as combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2; face shortish and subequal in length to combined antennal joints 1 and 2; antennae with joint 1 short, only about, or scarcely, 24 times as long as joint 2, with 2 transverse, with 3 subspindle-shaped, broadest near base, gradually narrowed apically, ending apically in a small conical basal element, somewhat on dorsal side of apex of joint 3, which terminates - A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 217 in a style; proboscis about 24 mm. long. Legs with sparse and shortish hairs on femora below, with about 2 spines in front on middle femora and about 4—5 spines more or less in apicai half on hind ones below; front tarsal joints hairy but not appreciably thickened; claws rapidly bent down, almost at right angles, nearer apex, and with the pulvilli reaching their bent-down apices. Type in the South African Museum. Length of body: about 6-7 mm. Length of wing: about 7 mm. Locality.—South West Africa: Kaokoveld; Warmbad (Mus. Exp., Feb. 1925). Kasily recognised and distinguished from all other species by the extensive red on body and especially on abdomen and pleurae. From atronotatus it differs in being smaller, in not having the black on abdomen in a series of spots, and in not having an angularly acute first posterior cell. 2 $3 9 92 B. muscoides n. sp. Body black,with antennal joints | and 2 in $¢ sometimes blackish or dark, with antennal joints | and 2 in 99, front margin or front part of face in both sexes, front part of head below, especally in females, greater part of or entire scutellum, hind margins of all the tergites in 99 and some gd, or at least hind margins of tergites 2—7 in 99, much broadened on sides and even very broad, the broad sides of tergites 2 and 3 in some g¢ or obscure sides of tergites 2 and 3 in gg, the hind margins of the sternites in both sexes, and infusions on the pleurae to a variable extent, especially on metapleurae and especially in some 99, but also in some $4, yellowish red or pale reddish; legs with the coxae, femora, tibiae, and greater part of tarsi in 92 yellowish, the apical half of hind tarsi or even entire hind tarsi and the last 2 joints of the others darkened and more brownish, with the coxae, trochanters, and femora to very much beyond the middle, and almost entire hind femora distinctly blackened in some 3d, only the apices of femora, the tibiae, and basal parts of tarsi being yellowish, with the femora and especially the hind ones in some 3g, however, less extensively darkened, with almost entire hind tarsi in $$ usually more brownish, with the spines and spicules in both sexes usually almost pallid, even tending to be whitish; pubescence shortish, denser on thorax in 3d and with a cropped off appearance, that on abdomen in g¢ denser and longer than in 99, that on antennal joint 1 below tending to be 218 Annals of the South African Museum. long in both sexes, that on face not very dense and even sparser in 29, with the transverse bristles across hind margins of tergites in 92 more distinct and conspicuous and longer than rest of shortish or the depressed pubescence on abdomen, with the pubescence on body above gleaming sericeous whitish in some g3 to pale sericeous yellowish in others, that in 99 pale sericeous yellowish to almost pale golden yellowish, that on head below and body below whitish to frosty whitish, distinctly contrasting in whiteness with that on body above, that on venter straw-coloured to whitish, with the macrochaetal, post-alar, scutellar, and transverse bristles on abdomen in 99 especially deeper yellowish or gleaming golden yellowish, with the depressed, fine scaling on frons, thorax, and densely on abdomen above in 99 pale, gleaming pale sericeous yellowish to brassy yellow- ish, that on venter more whitish, the scaling on legs whitish; wings vitreous hyaline, with a very faint whitish subopacity in certain lights in some specimens, with the basal part up to end of costal cell in some $¢ with a very faint touch of yellowish, with the base, costal cell, and basal half of first basal cell in both sexes subopaquely whitish to pale yellowish whitish with the basal comb yellowish, the veins brownish, becoming paler and more yellowish basally, with the discal cross vein a little or even a good distance beyond middle of discoidal cell, and with the first posterior cell distinctly angularly acute in some specimens and more so in 3g, with the squamae opaquely pale yellowish white to pale yellowish and fringed with whitish to creamy hairs; halteres yellowish and with whitish knobs. Head with the eyes in gg in contact above for a short distance, slightly less than, or about, length of ocellar tubercle from where the inner margins diverge gradually at first and then more rapidly, with the interocular space on vertex in 99 rather narrow and less than 2 times as broad as combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2, the inner margins only gradually diverging apically, the frons thus also com- paratively narrow; facial region comparatively narrowish, the face shortish and shorter than combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2; antennae with joint 1 shortish, only about 14 times, sometimes a little longer and almost 2 times, as long as 2, with 2 rather elongate and distinctly longer than broad, with joint 3 more or less distinctly spindle-shaped, broadest just before middle, then less narrowed basally than apically, more attenuately narrowed apically, especially in $g, ending apically in a distinct conical element bearing a short style; proboscis rather stoutish, about 3 mm. long, entirely black or dark, its labial part distinctly and visibly finely strigilose. Legs A Revision of the Bombylicdae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 219 with only shortish hairs on femora below, without any visible spines on front femora below, with about 2—4 on middle ones in front and with about 7—9 spines on hind ones from near base to apex; claws rapidly bent down, almost at right angles, nearer apex, and with the pulvili reaching their bent-down apices; front tarsal joints in 99 comparatively conspicuously thickened. Hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 48) with the inner apical angles or processes of basal parts prominently projecting apically and provided with setae above and below; beaked TExtT-FIc. 48.—Half of ventral view and side view of hypopygium of 3 Bombylius muscoides n. sp. apical joints leaf-shaped, broadish, their apices acute and directed slightly outwards and downwards, slightly depressed above; aedeagus with the slender apical part not reaching apices of inner apical angles of basal parts, the aedeagus with a median ventral lobe-like process which is bluntly pointed apically. Types in the South African Museum. Length of body: about 6-9 mm. Length of wing: about 64-8 mm. Locality.—South West Africa: Kaokoveld; Kamanyab (Mus. Exp., March 1925) (Holotype); Kamanyab (Mus. Exp., Jan. 1925); Cayimaeis (Mus. Exp., March 1925) (Allotype); Kaross (Mus. Exp., Feb. 1925): Ovamboland; Ondongua (Mus. Exp., Jan. 1923): Damaralanc; Outjo (Mus. Exp., Jan. 1925). This species is easily recognised by its spindle-shaped third antennal joints, narrow interocular space and frons in 99, red hind margins 220 Annals of the South African Museum. of tergites, blackened femora in 33, apically acute first posterior cell, etc. The species appears to be slightly variable, especially in the $3, in the colour of the pubescence, blackened femora, and in the extensiveness of the red on abdomen. The 99 bear some super- ficial resemblance to members of Muscid-flies. B. paterculus Walk. (P. 196, Insect. Saund. Dipt. mi, Tab. V, fig. 8, 1852.) Walker’s original description of this species 1s so vague and un- satisfactory that it is impossible to determine his species. It was referred by him to Parisus, a genus which he erected to contain it and which was subsequently sunk as a synonym of Bombylius. For the identity of this species there is nothing to rely upon except a 9-specimen, in the South African Museum, labelled and determined by Bezzi as paterculus, and also from the keys and short notes in the Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. xvin, pp. 14 and 20 and in The Bombyliudae of the Ethiopian Region, p. 47. The identity of this species is thus very doubtful, and what is referred to it in this paper may prove to be an entirely different species from that described by Walker. In view of the fact that there are several species in South Africa with red hind margins to the abdomen, reference to this character, as a dis- tinguishing feature of paterculus, is valueless. According to Walker’s description, apparently only the tip of the abdomen of his specimen is reddish (““tawny”’), and he states nothing about the hind margins being red. Walker’s description may thus refer to any of the species with reddish hind margins and reddish apices to the abdomen dealt with in this paper, including even the specimens referred to fucatus Bezz. and wmitator n. sp. The specimens, which are pro- visionally referred to paterculus in this paper and agreeing with Bezzi’s labelled specimen, agree in the following particulars :— Body black; antennal joint 1 and often 2, face and head below, the proboscis below, the scutellum, posterior calli, the propleurae, upper part of sternopleuron on to hypopleuron and the posterior part of mesopleuron to a variable extent, the narrow or broadish hind margins of abdominal segments above, the sides of abdomen fairly broadly and constantly, and the hind margins of ventral segments reddish; legs entirely yellowish in both sexes, excepting only the black two last tarsal joints and apices of claws; pubescence somewhat shortish and shorn off in appearance above in gg, with distinct transverse A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 221 rows of bristles visible on the abdomen in 9 at least, yellowish sericeous, pale golden yellow to deep golden, that on body below slightly paler than above, especially just above the coxae, but often scarcely whitish even there, that on face yellow to deep golden yellowish even in some 3¢, often, however, more sericeous yellowish, with the bristles on body yellow or slightly more golden yellow than the rest of the hair, with the depressed pubescence on abdomen above also yellowish; integument usually with a slightly bluish submetallic sheen, shining through under the greyish bloom; wings tinged distinctly yellowish to pale yellowish brown in 33, leaving only the apices and hind border more hyaline, more hyaline in 99, with the veins reddish yellow to even dark brownish, becoming paler towards base, with the squamae opaquely yellowish to pale yellowish brown and fringed with yellowish hairs. Head with the eyes in 33 separated above, at narrowest point, ‘about as broad as narrow front part of tubercle or as broad as front ocellus, then rapidly diverging anteriorly, in 9° about, ee pak me ken or even more than, 34 times as broad hypopygium and_ ventral as tubercle; proboscis . about 3-4 mm. a ame pais ats long; antennae with joint 1 shortish, about 24 to 3 times as long as joint 2, with joint 3 about, or a little less than, 14 times as long as 1 and 2 combined, broadest in basal half, gradually tapering apically, but not markedly broadened basally as in transitus n. sp., with the style short and often yellowish. Wings with the discal cross vein just beyond middle of discoidal cell and with the second longitudinal vein more or less straight and the first posterior cell usually more obtuse than in transitus apically. Legs with pubescent hairs on femora below, especially in 6, without any spines on front femora below, with about 1-2 spines on anterior lower face of middle ones and with about 5-9 (usually about 5-7) spines on hind ones below; front tarsal joints in Q distinctly, though slightly, thickened; claws rather rapidly curved downwards at their apices, and the pulvilli extending a little beyond middle of claws. Hypopygium of ¢ (text-fig. 49) with a slight process below aedeagus. Length of body: about 5-8 mm. Length of wing: about 53-8 mm. 222 Annals of the South African Museum. Locality. — Cape Province to Port Elizabeth, Southern Karoo, Western Cape Province to Namaqualand and even south O.F.S. (In the Imperial Institute, Transvaal, British and South African Museums.) An attempt is made in the key to distinguish this species from nearly related species such as transitus n. sp. and prusimosulus n. sp. described below. 9 99 B. transitus n. sp. Body black, with antennal joints 1 and 2, face, genae, head below, sometimes extreme base of proboscis obscurely, post-alar calli, entire scutellum, hind margins of tergites, discally narrow and very broad on sides and more extensively so on sides of tergites 1-4, a more or less longitudinal band along pleurae above coxae, the greater part of metapleural part and the broad hind margins, or even entire sternites reddish or reddish yellow; legs, including coxae, almost entirely yellowish, only apical parts of tarsi more brownish; pub- escence shortish but not with a closely cropped appearance on thorax, predominantly pale sericeous yellowish to golden yellowish above, that on abdomen even more yellowish, that on frons, antennae, and face pale sericeous yellowish to deeper sericeous yellowish, that on sides of abdomen appearing deeper yellowish to slightly fulvous, due to the reddish integument showing through, that on head below and body below whitish to straw-coloured whitish and contrasting with that on body above, that on venter basally also whitish, with the bristly elements on abdomen gleaming pale golden yellowish to even deep golden, with the fine, depressed, dense scaling on abdomen above sericeous yellowish to golden yellowish, gleaming sericeous yellowish on frons, and paler or more whitish on thorax in front, with the scaling on legs whitish; wings vitreous hyaline, with the base, costal cell, and basal half of first basal cell subopaquely whitish to yellowish whitish, the basal comb yellowish, the veins dark brownish to reddish brown, paler and more pale yellowish red to yellowish basally and along first longitudinal vein, with the discal cross vein much beyond middle of discoidal cell, with a tendency for first posterior cell to be acute or angularly acute apically in some specimens, with the squamae opaquely yellowish and fringed with creamy yellowish to pale sericeous yellowish hairs; halteres yellowish and with very pale yellowish knobs. Head with the interocular space on vertex a little more than 3 times as broad as ocellar tubercle or only a little more than 2 times combined length of antennal joints A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 223 1 and 2; face short and subequal in length to, or even shorter than, combined antennal joints 1 and 2; antennae with joint 1 short, only about 2, or a little more, times as long as 2, with 2 tending to be a little longer than broad, with 3 almost spindle-shaped, broadest a little before middle, narrowed basally but more attenuately apically ; proboscis about 33-43 mm. long, its labial part very finely strigilose. Legs with only shortish hairs on femora below; middle femora with about 4 spines in front below; hind ones with about 8-12 spines below from near base to apex; front tarsal joints rather conspicuously thickened; claws rapidly bent down, almost at right angles, nearer apex and pulvill reaching their bent down apices. Type in the Transvaal Museum, paratypes in the British and South African Museums. Length of body: about 63-9 mm. Length of wing: about 6-74 mm. Locality.—West Transvaal: Delarey (Brauns, Jan. 1917) (Type). Great Karoo: Murraysburg Distr. (Mus. Exp., March 1931). N.E. Karoo: Aliwal North (Turner, Dec. 1922); Lady Grey (Nel, Dec. 1924). O.F.S.: Bloemfontein (Irving, 25/3/21). South West Africa: Outjo (Mus. Exp., Jan. 1925). This species is quite distinct and easily recognisable by the extensive red on the sides of abdomen, which is usually conspicuous as a broad, conspicuous, quadrangular red patch on each side from tergite 2-4, the red even sometimes extending on to disc. The red if not in a quadrangular patch is at least broad and extensive on these tergites. The species is fairly widely distributed and is thus to a certain extent slightly variable, the red on sides being more extensive in some speci- mens. The red appears to be more extensive in specimens from the Transvaal, O.F.S., and South West Africa, and in these specimens the first posterior cell is also more acute apically. The 9-paratype from Bloemfontein was labelled ‘ Bombylius fucatus” by Bezzi. This specific determination is obviously wrong, for fucatus, according to Bezzi in his keys, has no red hind margins on the abdominal segments. In Bezzi’s keys it runs down to pater- culus Walk. and not fucatus Bezz. From 99 of paterculus Walk., as defined in this paper and according to Bezzi, it differs in having a distinctly narrower interocular space, which is only about 2 times as broad as combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2 or slightly less than 14 times as long as antennal joint 3 (slightly more than 2 times as broad as joints 1 and 2 combined or as broad as about 1} times length of joint 3 in paterculus), in having antennal joint 1 distinctly 224 Annals of the South African Museum. shorter and not quite 24-3 times as long as 2, in having joint 3 distinctly broader just before middle and thus more subspindle- shaped, in having the proboscis entirely black and more visibly finely strigilose below, in having the red on sides of tergites 2-4 broader and more conspicuous, the first posterior cell on the whole more acute apically and the front tarsal joints on the whole more thickened. From the 9 of pruinosulus n. sp. (below) it differs in having more extensive red on sides of abdomen, narrower interocular space, shorter first antennal joints, more spindle-shaped third antennal joints, claws which are more rapidly bent down near apex, etc. 1g¢1 92 B. pruinosulus n. sp. Black, with a pale bluish grey bloom, especially on thorax, above; anterior part of face in both sexes and to a certain extent front part of head below in 9, antennal joint 1 and to a certain extent 2, the scutellum (excepting only a broadish black basal macula), the narrow hind margins of abdomen above, which are more broadened on sides and the hind margins of ventral segments reddish, the extreme apical margins of the segments above, however, more ivory whitish and the hind margins on venter in g at least more distinctly ivory yellowish; proboscis below and the palps also yellowish or pale yellowish brown; legs yellowish, with the coxae and basal parts of front and middle femora in g, however, more brownish or darkened, with the apices of the tarsi also brownish in both sexes; pubescence short and with a shorn-off appearance above on thorax in g especially, pale sericeous or silvery whitish above on front part of body in 4, more straw-coloured in 9, that on scutellum and abdomen above gleaming pale sericeous yellowish in 3, tending to be more yellowish laterally and becoming more whitish apically, slightly more yellowish in 2 due to the more yellowish transverse bristles on abdomen, especially on the sides, that on face gleaming whitish sericeous in g, slightly more yellowish sericeous in 2, and that on frons in 2 more yellowish, with the bristles in front of wing-bases in 9, and on scutellum in both sexes more distinctly yellowish, with the hair on head below and thorax below markedly white, almost frosty white, especially in d, contrasting much with that above, that in metapleural parts also markedly whitish, and that on venter whitish in 3, becoming more yellowish towards apex in 2; wings slightly subopaquely whitish, but distinctly tinged yellowish at base, in costal cell, and across to apex of second basal cell and including second basal cell in g, more hyaline A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 225 in 2, squamae opaquely pale yellowish white and fringed with whitish hairs; halteres yellowish, with almost white knobs. Head with the eyes 1n ¢ 1n contact above in front of tubercle for & distance less than the length of tubercle, then rapidly diverging anteriorly, the eyes somewhat flattened above and with the upper facets much coarser than lower ones, with the interocular space in @ a little more than 3 times as broad as tubercle; antennae with joint 1 about 3, or a little more, times as long as joint 2, with joint 3 tapering gradually to TeExt-F1G. 50.—Ventral and side view of hypopygium and dorsal view of beaked apical joint of § Bombylius pruinosulus n. sp. apex; proboscis about 34-4} mm. long. Legs with longish white hairs on femora below, especially in 3, without any spines on front femora below, with about 2 or 3 spines on middle ones below and with about 8-9 spines on hind ones below from near base to apex; claws rather slender in 3, rather gradually curved downwards apically in both sexes, with the pulvilli extending to beyond middle of claws. Hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 50) resembles that of marginellus, aemulus, anomalus, etc., in the long and slender-beaked apical joints and in having no ventral aedeagal process. Types in the South African Museum. Length of body: about 8-9 mm. Length of wing: about 8-9 mm. Locality Bushmanland: Jakhals Water (Lightfoot, Oct. 1911). The $ of this species is certainly distinct from that of the species which I referred to paterculus in having the eyes in actual contact above and in the silvery whitish pubescence above. The Q is not 226 Annals of the South African Museum. very easily separated from paterculus. It appears to differ in having a darker face, predominantly black pleural parts, no extensive broad red on sides of abdomen, claws which are gradually and arcuately curved, in having a larger basal comb to wings and in being slightly larger. 1 $ B. pallescens n. sp. Entire body and to a certain extent proboscis below muddy or sienna brownish, the scutellum and abdomen above slightly paler and more ochreous brownish, with the hind margins of the tergites showing narrowly through more dark brownish; face, antennal joints 1 and 2, genae, head below, and venter even paler and more yellowish brownish, the ‘hind margins of sternites pale yellowish whitish; antennal joint 3, greater part of proboscis above, and to a certain extent the eyes black; legs with the coxae brownish yellow, the bases of front and middle femora pale brownish yellowish, their apical parts, the hind femora and the tibiae and tarsi more yellowish, only the last 2 tarsal joints and apical part of claws blackish, with the spines and spicules gleaming golden; pubescence dense and shortish, that on thorax above with a more or less shorn-off appearance, that on abdomen dense, predominantly gleaming velvety sericeous whitish on body above, that on sides of thorax above wings and on scutellum with very faint sericeous yellowish gleams in certain lights, that on abdomen tending to become more distinctly snow whitish apically, that on ocellar tubercle, antennal joint 1 and face gleaming pale sericeous yellowish, that tuft or puff-like on mesopleuron in front of wings appearing more yellowish than pubescence on thorax above, the pubescence on head below and on entire body below and in metapleural tuft more contrasting and frosty whitish though gleam- ing sericeous, with the scaling on legs whitish; wings shining, with a distinct whitish subopacity which is more pronounced than in any of the preceding species, with the base and costal cell more distinctly subopaquely whitish, with the basal comb well developed and yellow- ish but gleaming whitish in certain lights, the veins very pale brownish yellowish or appearing pallid, with the discal cross vein a good distance beyond middle of discoidal cell, with the second longitudinal vein not very rapidly bent up at its end, with the squamae opaquely pale yellowish and densely fringed with almost snow white hair; halteres very pale yellowish white and with whitish knobs. Head with the eyes narrowly separated above by width of front ocellus for A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 227 a very short distance, the inner margins then rapidly diverging apically; face rather longish and much longer than combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2; antennae with joint 1 short, only about 3 times as long as 2, with 2 transverse, with 3, including terminal elements, quite 2 times as long as 1 and 2 combined, slightly curved, gradually narrowed apically, but rod-like to much beyond middle, ending apically in a rather conspicuous conical basal element passing into a shortish style; proboscis about 5 mm. long. Legs with dense hair on front and middle femora below, with 1 spine below towards apex on front femora; middle ones with about 3 spines in apical half below in front; hind femora with about 13-14 spines below from near base to apex, those be- fore middle tending to be arranged in 2 rows, with 7-8 more widely separated spines in a row On inner side below; claws gradually and arcuately curved, the pulvili rather shortish just about reaching, or extending a little beyond, middle of claws. Hypopygium (text-fig. 51) with the beaked apical joints elongate and narrowish, their apices acute and bent downwards, their dorsal surfaces not very hairy; aedeagus with the apical part slender and without any ventral process below. Type in the Transvaal Museum. Length of body: about 10 mm. Length of wing: about 9 mm. Locality.—Little Karoo: Calitzdorp Distr.; Matjesvlei (Brauns, Oct. 1921). This unique specimen differs from all the preceding species in its muddy brownish or sienna brownish integument and subopaquely whitish wings. The integumentary colour appears to be natural and not due to the incomplete chitinisation or oxidation of teneral forms. Text-Fic. 51.—Half of ventral view and side view of hypopygium of $ Bombylius pallescens n. sp. 228 Annals of the South African Museum. 13412 B. annuliwentris n. sp. Integument of body more or less castaneous brownish; the thorax and pleural parts dark brownish; the scutellum and abdomen paler and more reddish or sienna brownish, the posterior calli on thorax and hind margins of scutellum even slightly paler; antennal joints 1 and 2, face, genae, and head below yellowish, the face being slightly darker than the pallid antennal joints; antennal joint 3, eyes and proboscis black, the latter slightly tinted reddish brown below; hind margins of abdominal segments above ivory-whitish, more distinct and conspicuous from segment 3 to apex, the margins on last 3 or 4 segments being also broader, all slightly more broadened on extreme sides where fold, between tergites and sternites, is also very pale, pallid to yellowish, with the hind margins of ventral segments also more broadly ivory whitish to yellowish; legs almost pallid, very pale yellowish, with a very slight pale yellowish brown tint towards bases of femora in 3, with the spines pallid and the last 2 tarsal joints and apex of claws brownish; pubescence comparatively short, pubescent, and not very long on occiput and thorax, soft pale yellowish from side, that on occiput and thorax in ¢ slightly paler and, in certain lights, more creamy, that on antennae and head in front on both sexes very pale sericeous yellowish to straw-coloured yellowish, that on thorax above in 2 with a slightly more golden tint, that on abdomen above distinctly deeper yellowish to golden yellow and with golden gleams in 9, much paler and more creamy yellowish in 3, with whitish gleams in certain lights and with that towards apex distinctly paler, the sides also appearing paler in certain lights, that on body below distinctly more whitish, becoming almost white on head below and pectus, that towards upper parts of pleurae and in metapleural tuft and on venter inclining to creamy yellowish, appearing even paler in certain lights, that on sides of venter in 3 being distinctly more whitish, comparatively sparse on venter in both sexes, with the bristly hairs and bristles on thorax in front of wings, on posterior calli, on scutellum and transversely on abdomen coloured like the hair and more distinct in 9, with the shorter, fine depressed or subdepressed pubescence on body above very pale and sparse, almost whitish in 3, much denser, especially on abdomen, in 2 and distinctly more yellow, that on frons in 2 pale golden, more whitish sericeous in g; wings vitreous hyaline but with a distinct subopaque milky whitish tint, the base, costal cell, and basal half of first basal cell slightly more subopaquely whitish, the base being even very pale yellowish white, with the basal comb yellowish, the veins brownish, becoming A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 229 more pallid or yellowish towards extreme base, with the first posterior cell tending to be acute apically in g, with the discal cross vein a little beyond middle of discoidal cell, with the opaquely yellowish to pale yellowish brown squamae fringed with creamy yellowish hair; halteres yellowish, with whitish knobs. Head with the eyes in 3 contiguous above for a distance about as long as ocellar tubercle, then diverging apically for a slightly shorter distance before diverging more rapidly, in 2 slightly more than 3 times as broad as tubercle ; antennae with joint 1 com- paratively short, and in ¢ only about 2 times as long as joint 2 and about 24 times as long as 2 in 9, with joint 3 almost 2 times as long as 1 and 2 combined, broad basally, but broadest just before middle and broader in Q, then rapidly attenuated apically, with indications of fine whitish pubescence above towards base, with the first terminal Noe” joints situated obliquely on Terxt-ric. 52.—Side view of hypopygium and apex of 3, scarcely narrower Ee nail _ aes CE eres than apex of 3, rapidly pro- longed into a slender style, the other joints (2 and 3 itself) not separately visible; proboscis comparatively stoutish, about 2-24 mm. long. Legs with only shortish and not conspicuous or long hairs basally below on femora; front femora unarmed below; middle ones with about 1 or 3 spines below; hind ones with about 4 spines below from about the middle to apex; front tarsal joints in 9 compact and hairy, but not much thickened; claws with the apices rather rapidly bent downwards and with the pulvilli reaching apices of claws. Hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 52) with the beaked apical joints broad and flattened, slightly depressed above, the beak curved downwards and outwards; aedeagus with a medial lobe-like ventral aedeagal process below. Types in the British Museum. Length of body: about 7-8 mm. Length of wing: about 7 mm. Locality.—South West Africa: Damaraland; Okahandja (Turner, 1—12/1/1928). VOL Xai, 16 230 Annals of the South African Museum. This species is easily recognised by its castaneous brown colour, more reddish brown abdomen, of which the hind margins are ivory whitish or yellowish, the shortish, soft, and pale yellowish to pale golden yellow hair. From pallescens it differs in being smaller, in. having the eyes contiguous above in g, shorter face, more spindle- shaped third antennal joints, shorter proboscis, more rapidly curved claws, etc. GROUP 3. B. mcans F¥. (Loew, p. 184, Dipt. Faun. Siidafr. 1, 1860; Bezzi, p. 25, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. xviii, 1921.) This and the following species are easily recognisable and character- ised by the long sericeous or silvery gleaming, dense, and shaggy pubescence and well-developed bristles on the body and the more or less dimidiate wings, in which the anterior half is reddish brown, yellowish brown to brownish. They are also fairly large and striking Bombyliids, with predominantly yellowish femora and with fewer black hairs or bristles on body. B. micans is characterised by having predominantly pale sericeous yellowish to very pale ochreous yellowish, gleaming pubescence above, which shows more or less three gleaming ochreous brownish or golden stripes on disc of thorax, with few black hairs or bristles on body, and these only on frons, sides of face above, on antennal joint 1 below, and sparsely intermixed tuft-like on sides of abdomen towards apex; wings with the basal comb yellowish and anterior yellowish brown infuscation extending into and occupying even greater part of marginal cell; legs entirely or predominantly yellowish, the femora not distinctly blackened at base. Hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 53) is chiefly distinguished by the very prominent basal, somewhat indented, ridge on ventral part of aedeagus; beaked apical joints broad and foliate in basal half, deeply and foveately depressed above; inner apical part of basal part on inner side of beaked apical joints prominent; basal strut has a distinct ledge-like lateral process on each side near base. The species appears to be slightly variable, and there appears to be a West Coast form, from Namaqualand, characterised by having more ochreous pubescence, no black bristles on ocellar tubercle, no black ones intermixed on frons, on sides of face or below joint 1 of the A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 231 antennae, with the hair on coxae also more ochreous, and the legs entirely yellow. A southern more typical form has paler and more sericeous yellowish or lemon yellowish pubescence, with distinct black intermixed bristles on tubercle, frons, antennae below, and on TExt-F1c. 53.—Side and ventral views of hypopygium and apical view of beaked apical joint of ¢ Bombylius micans F. sides of face, with paler hair on coxae, and with the bases of femora sometimes darkened at extreme bases. Locahity.— Western Cape Province to Namaqualand. (In the Transvaal and South African Museums.) B. purpureus Bezz. (Pe25. Ann, 5. Ate, Mus., vol. xvi, 1921.) This beautifully coloured species has been fully described by Bezzi. It is very near micans, but is chiefly characterised by its beautiful livery, which consists of gleaming sericeous yellowish to pale golden yellowish pubescence of which 3 bands on disc of thorax, the bristles on genae, intermixed ones on face, on antennal joint 1, on frons, on 232 Annals of the South African Museum. ocellar tubercle, on occiput, front part of thorax, those on sides of thorax, on mesopleuron, on posterior calli, on scutellum and the transverse bristles on abdomen (especially in 99) and to a certain extent those in upper part of metapleural tuft, on coxae and venter gleaming orange red, blood red to purplish red and with even trans- verse hairs on disc of abdomen in 99 gleaming fiery red, with only a few black hairs on antennae below and some tufts on side of abdomen; wings with the basal comb also red, with the anterior infuscation on wings more uniformly ochreous brownish than in mcans, and the squamae fringed with much reddish hair; legs entirely yellowish, without any black on femora, and with the spines reddish. Hypopy- gum of ¢ like that of micans, with the beaked apical joints, however, more flattened, only flattened above and not deeply foveately depressed, also more gradually narrowed to a downwardly and outwardly directed beak; basal strut is longer. In the South African Museum. Locality.—Namaqualand. B. hypoleucus Wied. (P. 340, Aussereurop. Zweifl. Ins., i, 1828; Loew, p. 185, Dipt. Faun. Stidafr., 1, 1860; Bezzi, p. 25, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. xviii, 1921.) This is a very common species in the Western Province, Karoo, and Namaqualand, and may easily be confused with micans. Super- ficially it is almost indistinguishable from the latter. It differs, however, in important details. The general pubescence is paler, more gleaming sericeous or silvery whitish, with the brownish golden gleaming bands on thorax in 99 at least more conspicuous, with the bristles on thorax usually darker yellowish and even more brownish, especially in 99, with distinctly more numerous black bristly hairs and bristles on head, and with more numerous and more conspicuous tufts of black hairs and bristles on sides and apex of abdomen; wings with the basal comb black and not yellowish or ochreous, the brownish infuscation in anterior part also darker and not so extensive in marginal cell, the apical part of this cell hyaline; legs with the bases or even greater part of femora always blackened, sometimes even extensively. Hypopygium of 3 differs from that of micans in that the hairs on basal parts are distinctly longer, the apical part of aedeagus is also longer and stouter and the basal strut is comparatively longer. From Macquart’s description of dimidiatus (p. 90, Dipt. Exot. u, A Revision of the Bombyludae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 233 1840), it is almost certain that he had before him a form of hypoleucus or melanurus Lw. From the long series of hypoleucus before me it is evident that this widely distributed species is variable in the colour of its pubescence and the intensity or extensiveness of the black on the femora. Present in most of the collections. 1312 B. darlings nu. sp. According to Loew’s description of mcans F., it is evident that these specimens, labelled by Bezzi as micans (p. 25, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. xvii), do not belong to micans in the strict sense. I prefer to refer them to a separate species, which, however, does not differ very greatly from ochreous-haired forms of micans. Body black, but with a bluish metallic and slightly bronzy sheen, especially on thorax and scutellum; bristles on sides of frons, on sides of face, and on joint 1 of antennae below, on anterior parts of thorax above, on sides in front of wing-bases (especially in 2) more ochreous or reddish yellow, that on sides of frons and face with the tips shightly inclining to brownish, those on occiput, some on thorax and behind wing-bases as well as those on scutellum yellowish, those on abdomen much paler, more yellowish white and more whitish in g, hairs of mystax and bristles on genae pale yellowish white, those on thorax and abdomen above and on sides or upper parts of pleurae rich ochreous yellow, with a golden sheen, but more whitish in ¢ and also more pale yellowish white on abdomen of 3, with a tendency for those on sides of thorax and along upper parts of pleural regions as well as in distinct stripes above on thorax of 9 to be more orange yellow or more orange golden; flat scale-like pubescence around margins of eyes posteriorly and hair on lower parts of genae and head below snow white, those above front coxae on propleurae and to a certain extent on meso- and meta-pleurae in the middle and metapleural tuft, whitish, with the bristles and hairs on coxae and pectoral regions more yellowish, some long hairs on side of abdomen and below near apex in 9 black and intermixed with dense yellowish ones, in ¢ with only a few scattered and scarcely visible black ones; wings hyaline, but with the anterior half up to discal cross vein and apex of second basal cell infuscated with pale yellowish brown, the infuscation not reaching the apex of marginal cell, with the base of costal cell and basal part of first basal cell and a roundish spot near apex of second basal cell feebly shining through opaquely whitish, with the basal comb yellowish and the fringes of squamae and alulae 234 Annals of the South African Museum. whitish, with the infuscation on discal cross vein and basal cross vein of fourth posterior cell slightly darker than the rest of wing and these parts of the veins distinctly darker brownish black, with the rest of the veins dark brown, becoming paler and more yellowish basally; halteres yellowish, with the knobs paler and more whitish; legs and spines entirely yellowish, only the apical parts of tarsi dark blackish brown. Head with the interocular space in 2 about subequal to length of antennae or a little more than 3 times as broad as tubercle, in § much narrower, only about half as broad and only slightly broader than ocellar tubercle; an- tennae with joint 3 scarcely longer than 1 and 2 combined in 9, a little longer in 3, broadest just before middle in, then gradually narrowed basally, shghtly more rapidly ap- ically, with the apical part slender and less than a third the length of joint and feebly dilated at apex, in the g the broadest part is about at middle and the joint is comparatively shorter, more gradually narrowed TEx-ric. 54.—Side view and half of @Pically, with the style very slender ventral view of hypopygium of g and feebly curved; proboscis slender ee aa ET and straight, more so and longer in 3, about 4-44 mm. long; genae with stout bristles and shorter, more slender ones on its lower parts, better developed in 2; occiput with the bristles longer and stouter in the 9. Legs with 3-4 spines in apical anterior part of middle femora; hind ones with 7-9 spines below from near base to apex; claws in ¢ slightly longer and more slender than in 2. Hypopygium (text-fig. 54) with the lower margin of neck region of basal parts dilated, with dorsum of basal part finely haired; beaked apical joint hollowed out above, the apex acute, not very long, directed outwards and slightly upwards; aedeagus with the slender apex directed downwards, without a ventral aedeagal process, but the base subquadrate and the rim, continuous with the rami, not so prominent as in micans, with the dorsal basally directed aedeagal struts just visibly projecting; lateral struts narrow, slightly broadened apically; basal strut racket-shaped, projecting some distance beyond bases of basal parts. Types in the South African Museum. Length of body: about 9-10 mm. A Revision of the Bombyludae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 235 Length of wing: about 10 mm. Locality.—Cape Province: Darling (L. P. 1905). From micans it is distinguished by the ochreous, more orange yellow pubescence, by not having any black hairs on head, by the shorter proboscis, the absence of extensive black hair on the abdomen, the shape of third antennal joints, which are broadest before middle or at middle and with a very short apical slender part as in melanurus and firtus, and: which is also much shorter than in micans. The hypopygvum also differs in that the basal parts are more slender, the beaked apical joints smaller and with their apices shorter, directed outwards and upwards, the aedeagus with the apical part more slender and directed downwards and the basal strut comparatively longer. From melanurus it differs by not having black hair or bristles on the head, by its deeper ochreous and more orange yellow pubescence, and without any extensive black hair on sides of abdomen, etc. B. lirtus Lw. (P. 185, Dipt. Faun. Siidafr., i, 1860.) Specimens in the South African Museum, from Namaqualand and N.W. Karoo, labelled by Bezzi as hirtus, do not strictly agree with Loew’s description. A long series of specimens from George District, however, seems to agree much better with this description. It is thus evident that at least two distinct forms are found in South Africa: a western form occurring more or less in Namaqualand, N.W. Karoo, Central Karoo and the Western Province, and an Kastern form from the 8.E. Coastal regions towards the Hastern Province. These two forms are roughly separated by the characters given in the key. The Western form differs from the Hastern form in having paler, more yellowish white hair on the head, also less black hair on the sides of frons and face, with the hair on thorax above comparatively paler and without any dark brownish golden stripes, the bristles on thorax pale yellowish and not dark reddish brown; the pectoral and pleural regions with less white hair; hair on abdomen above in 2 more whitish sericeous, not subgolden or bronzy; wings with the infuscation in front half more yellowish, the basal part of costal cell and first basal cell not distinctly shining through whitish opaque and, moreover, first posterior cell is comparatively narrow and elongate and much longer than second posterior cell, whereas in hirtus (Hastern form) it is distinctly and comparatively broader 236 Annals of the South African Museum. and shorter, only very slightly longer than second posterior cell. Hypopygium (text-fig. 55) with the beaked apical joints depressed above, but not roundly foveate, the apices bent downwards and slightly outwards, acute; aedeagus with the slender apical part not reaching inner apical processes, the basal rim, continuous with rami, TExtT-FIG. 55.—Side view and part of ventral view of hypopygium of $ Bombylius hirtus Lw. not very prominent, with posterior aedeagal struts visibly projecting posteriorly; lateral struts slender, rod-like; basal strut projecting considerably beyond bases of basal parts. The hypopygium of the Western form has slightly shorter hair on basal parts, and lower apical margin of neck region is more dilated, and the neck region is com- paratively more slender, with the aedeagus more powerful, its basal rim more prominent. In the Transvaal, British and South African Museums. B. melanurus Lw. (P. 186, Dipt. Faun. Siidafr., 1, 1860; Paramonow, p. 73, Trav. Mus. Zool. Kiev., No. 11, 1931.) A series of $g and 99 from Calvinia, Namaqualand and the Western Province, in the Transvaal, British and South African Museums, agree very well with Loew’s description of this species, not recorded A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 237 by Bezzi in his two monographs. The smaller forms resemble hirtus and can be distinguished from forms of this species by the characters given in the key. It is easily recognised by the predominant golden yellowish hair and by the more conspicuous and denser black hair on the sides, apex, and venter below of abdomen, by the more yellowish hair on head below and pectorial regions, by the darker brownish infuscation on anterior part of wings, compara- tively short and broad first posterior cell, etc. Larger specimens _ tre- semble forms of hypo- leucus, from which they may, however, be at once distinguished by the shape of the third antennal joint, which is thickest just before or at about the middle, the apical part being slender, more _ slender and much shorter than in h i ii eh TrExt-Fic. 56.—Half of ventral view and side view In hypoleucus, Where the Baie ae ibn of ti Bombglius Makimira Te broadest part is in basal half and near base; infuscation on front part of wing being more uniform, leaving very little of apical part of marginal cell hyaline and by the opaque whitish spot at‘base of first basal cell being absent or obsolescent (very conspicuous in hypoleucus), etc. Hypopygium (text-fig. 56) with the beaked apical joints flattened, only slightly hollowed out above, with the beak relatively short, bent downwards and shghtly outwards; aedeagus with the apical part projecting slightly beyond inner apical processes and with the apex slightly bent upwards, the base very prominent; lateral struts comparatively broad, the apices broadened; basal strut comparatively long, pro- jecting considerably beyond bases of basal parts. B. servillec Macq. (P. 88, Dipt. Exot. ii, Tab. VII, fig. 5, 1840, and Bezzi, p. 25, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. xviii, 1921.) This species, characterised by the black spines on the legs and blackish brown infuscated anterior part of wings, as well as 3 constant, 238 Annals of the South African Museum. rounded black spots on hind border of infuscated part and by the predominantly white and black pubescence, is a variable species, and at least three forms are distinguishable in the long series before me. The three forms are separated by the characters given in the key, but these characters are by no means typical for any form, bridging and transitional forms being frequent. There is a Northern and Karoo form, in Namaqualand, the N.W. Karoo and also Central Karoo, without any or with only very feeble indications of infuscations on Trxt-Fic. 57.—Side view and half of ventral view of hypopygium of $ Bombylius serviller Macq. the hyaline part of wing, with numerous, but variable, black or blackish bristles on genae, lower parts of genae, and anterior coxae. The two other, or Southern and Eastern forms, from the Western and Hastern Provinces, Southern Karoo and South Coastal regions, have more distinct infuscations on posterior half of wings, which are, however, more constantly present as 3 spots in some Western Province and coastal forms, without any black bristles on genae and front coxae and with an entirely white upper part of metapleural tuft, whereas in the third form there are usually only 2 infuscations, of which the one at the base of fourth posterior cell is larger and more constant than small one at apex of first posterior cell, with often a few black bristles on lower parts of genae and front coxae, with the bristles on abdomen above in the middle usually yellowish (in some Eastern Province specimens there is a tendency, in individuals of this third form, to be without black bristles on lower parts of genae and the front coxae, to have a slightly smaller spot at base of fourth posterior cell, and to have the bristles on abdomen above slightly A Revision of the Bombyludae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 239 darker). Hypopygium (text-fig. 57) of the Southern form (Western Province form with large spot at base of fourth posterior cell) with the beaked apical joint like that of micans, hypoleucus, etc., but much less, and only feebly, depressed above and also more dorso-ventrally compressed; aedeagus more or less as shown in figure, with the apical part slender and reaching inner apical processes, with the ventral basal part prominent, projecting downwards as a lamellar, central carinate, ploughshare-like process, bearing a few very short setae anteriorly, with a prominent sharp process on each side towards anterior part of basal part; lateral struts comparatively slender, rod-like, the apices slightly bent downwards. In the Transvaal, British and South African Museums and Imperial Institute. B. pentasprilus Bezz. (P. 29, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. xvii, Pl. I, fig. 5.) The undescribed 9 resembles the ¢ in all respects except that the eyes above are separated by a space about 3, or a little more, times width of ocellar tubercle, the third antennal joint has the apical part less slender and comparatively shorter and more gradually narrowed apically; the occipital bristles and bristles on thorax distinctly longer and the bristles on abdomen above slightly darker, and the claws, as in 99 of servillez, much shorter. ’ This species is without doubt very closely Trext-ric. 58.—Side and ven- related to servillex and cannot be con- ae a eae trasted with obesus and punctifer as Bezzi has done in his keys and descriptions. The species, as a matter of fact, may be easily confused with serville, and can only be separated by the characters given in the key. Hypopygium (text-fig. 58) differs from that of serville: in that the beaked apical joints are less depressed above; aedeagus with the central lamellar ploughshare-like process longer and much produced anteriorly, somewhat like that of fenestralis n. sp. (cf. text-fig. 63), with more and longer setae at its apex and the lateral carinate ridge on each side on bases of rami more prominent; lateral struts a little shorter; basal strut slightly longer. 240 Annals of the South African Museum. B. megaspilus Bezz. (P. 26, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. xvii, Pl. I, fig. 3, and p. 59, The Bombylidae of the Ethiopian Region, fig. 3.) This species, although easily recognised by its characteristically mottled or spotted wings, may easily be confused with very similarly spotted, but entirely different species, such as ammophilus n. sp. and hottentotus n. sp. described and distinguished below. The species megaspilus itself is unstable in certain characters, wing-pattern, etc., and at least one of these forms may almost be considered as a separate species. This unstability is most likely due to the fact that the species probably parasitises more than one host, even in the same area or region. In the series before me there are no less than 3 more or less distinct forms, which, however, are by no means constant in their characters. These are: (a) The type form, g¢ and 99, from “‘Giftsberg, Van Rhynsdorp, 8. Namaqualand,’ described and figured by Bezzi; (b) a Namaqualand form from “‘ Kamieskroon,”’ which is distinctly more whitish than the type form, with feebler and much less distinct yellowish hair on the disc of the thorax above and on sides in front of wings, with distinctly darker, even blackish bristles on scutellum and often distinctly black ones on hind margins of abdomen above, with the black hair on sides of abdomen and towards its apex much less extensive, with the spines on the legs often paler, more brownish, with a tendency for the large spot at base of fourth posterior cell to be more often confluent and continuous with infuscation at base of first basal cell and anterior basal part, with the infuscations along veins separating posterior cells 2 and 3 and 3 and 4 smaller, spot-like, and less developed, with the interocular space in gd slightly, but distinctly, broader than in type forms, the third antennal joints distinctly more slender, less thickened, in basal half, more rod-like in $¢ and also more slender in $9, with the claws in g3 slightly shorter, gradually curved to apex from about the middle and not rapidly curved downwards at apex only, and with the pulvilli also shghtly shorter, with the hypopygium as shown in text- fig. 59, differing from that of the type form in having slightly shorter and fewer hairs on basal parts, with the ventral basal ridge or rim of the aedeagus, continuous with the rami on each side, more promi- nently and angularly produced forwards, inverted V-shaped; (c) a form, extending from the Western Province on the West to Namaqua- land, is chiefly distinguished by the more extensive black hair on A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 241 the abdomen, darker bristles on body, slightly darker and larger spots on wings, of which the confluent spots at apex of anal and axillary cells and at base of fourth posterior cell are continuous with the anterior and basal infuscation, etc. In all other respects this last form differs very little from the typical form. These forms are more or less distinguished in the key, and do not show constant differences but grade into each other. Hypopygium is like that of a. b TExtT-FIG. 59.—(a) Side and half of ventral views of hypopygium of ¢ Bombylius megaspilus Bezz. (b) Aedeagus from below and side of the typical form. the form shown in text-fig. 59, a, with the basal parts sometimes fairly long-haired, with the lower apical margin of neck region promi- nently dilated and the inner apical processes projecting; beaked apical joint longitudinally depressed in basal half, the acute apical part sharp, comparatively short; aedeagus of typical form (text-fig. 59, b) with the slender apical part not reaching apex of inner apical processes, with the ventral basal ridge or rim, continuous with the rami, more blunt and less produced than in the Namaqualand form. In the Transvaal and South African Museums. 3 oso 16 92 B. hottentotus n. sp. This species resembles megaspilus very closely, and may easily be mistaken for a small specimen of the latter. Compared with mega- spilus, it is very much smaller, and is as follows:— Body, like that of megaspilus, biack; legs yellowish, with the 242 Annals of the South African Museum. bases of the femora or their basal halves and the spines black; general effect of pubescence on body darker, more pale brownish, due to pale brownish yellow or subgolden hairs intermixed with black ones, the white hair above antennal joint 1, on occiput, anterior parts of mystax, genae, head below, on thorax and especially sides of abdomen much less extensive and less evident, with the hair on disc of thorax slightly darker, more brownish, the whitish hair on pleural regions less extensive, appearing more greyish, the scutellar bristles dark brownish or blackish, not yellowish, the black hair on abdomen comparatively more extensive, the white hair above of megaspilus being replaced by more pale yellowish brown to pale brownish sericeous hair, with the transverse bristles on hind margins above much darker, dark brownish or blackish, those towards apex tipped whitish, the hair and bristles on abdomen as a whole comparatively less dense and shorter; venter with the bristles darker and not distinctly or prominently yellowish laterally, with the central tuft of white hair at apex of abdomen shorter and not so conspicuous; wings with the same pattern of blackish brown spots (ef. fig. 3, p. 59, The Bombyliudae of the Ethiopian Region), but the spots are comparatively larger and more confluent and with the following differences: spot at apices of anal and axillary cells more transversely situated (1.e. more or less in line with long axis of wing) and more often in form of 3 confluent or contiguous spots, usually smaller than in megaspilus and more often distinctly separated from large spot at base of fourth posterior cell, with this large spot confluent and continuous with infuscation at base of discoidal and first basal cells, with the clear area near apex of second basal cell usually small, even minute, and not continuous with clear area in anal cell, with the large rounded spot at base of third posterior cell confluent and continuous with large one on discal cross vein and anterior infuscated part of wing, with the large rounded spot on base of vein between submarginal cells confluent with spot at apex of first posterior cell and rounded spot at about middle of hyaline part of marginal cell, with this latter spot almost always rounded and not connected with small rounded spot at end of second longitudinal vein by an extensive infuscation along the vein as in megaspilus, with the spot at apex of vein between submarginal cells usually rounded and not elongate (the large spots on the wing are thus more or less arranged in 3 transverse bands across wing). Head with the eyes in gd separated above by a space a little more than width of ocellar tubercle, but less than 14 times as wide, in 99 about 34, or even a little more, A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 243 times as wide as tubercle; antennae with joint 3 in Jd comparatively shorter than in megaspilus, slender, almost rod-like, slightly thickened at about middle and there often slightly bent, about 14 times, or a little less as long as 1 and 2 combined, often with conspicuous flat white scaling, in 92 comparatively less slender and more conspicuously thickened at about middle, much less than 14 times as long as 1 and 2 combined, more often subequal to them, with the style slender and straight; proboscis about 3-5 mm. long, relatively shorter than in megaspilus. Wings with - the vein between discoidal and third posterior cells constantly more or less bent at right angles at its base to meet the fourth posterior cell and provided at the bend with a short stump. Legs with 6-9 spines on hind femora be- low near base to apex, those towards base being often very long and slender, more slender than in TEXT-FIG. 60.—Side view and half of ventral view of hypopygium of $ Bombylius hottentotus n. sp. megaspilus; claws gradu- ally curved from about middle in the gg, not bent down apically only as in megaspilus (type form); pulvilli well developed, extending beyond middle of claws in 3g, in 92 much shorter and confined to base. Hypopygium (text-fig. 60) differs specifically from that of megaspilus (see text-fig. 59) chiefly in the structure of the ventral aedeagal process, which is in the form of a central arch-like process bearing two flattened spine-like setae * on each side apically and connected on each side with the lateral rami, which project as flattened lobe-like processes on each side and which are also fused on each side to basal part of aedeagus, with the slender apical part of aedeagus projecting beyond level of inner apical processes, with feeble dorsal basally directed aedeagal struts just visible projecting; lateral struts short and lobe-like; basal strut feeble, racket-shaped, and not projecting beyond bases of basal parts. (In the structure of the ventral aedeagal process this species comes in the category of ammophilus, zoutpansbergianus, and to a certain extent capensis.) * Setae slightly exaggerated in figure.—(Author.) 244 Annals of the South African Museum. Types in the Transvaal Museum and some paratypes in the South African Museum. Length of body: about 5-8 mm. Length of wing: about 5-8 mm. Locality. Namaqualand: Van Rhynsdorp (van Son, July—Aug. 1927) (Types); Van Rhynsdorp (Brauns, Aug. 1927); Garies (S. Afr. Mus. Staff, June 1930); Kamieskroon (Mus. Staff, June 1930 and Sept. 1930); O’okiep. Saldanha Bay (Sept. 1913, L. P.). This species 1s very variable in size and also in the nature of the vein between the discoidal and third posterior cells, which in a few specimens tend to be normal. The size is probably dependent upon the amount and nature of the larval nutrition during its parasitic existence, an existence which in itself is precarious in a desert, dry, and drought-stricken area. A g and 92 from “? O’okiep” differ from the types in being slightly more distinctly whitish haired on the body, the black hair on abdomen is less extensive, with the vein between the discoidal and third posterior cells without an appendix at base. It probably only represents a local form. 1 3 6 99 B. ammophilus n. sp. This species also closely resembles megaspilus, but is even closer to hottentotus. Body black; legs yellowish, the femora either entirely yellowish or blackened basally or even beyond middle; pubescence in g on occiput, on joint 1 of the antennae above, face anteriorly, sides of genae, head below, anterior parts and sides of thorax above, on practically the entire abdomen above and on the pleural regions in part white, that on disc of thorax (in form of 3 short and broad stripes) and on scutellum and sides above wings pale brownish golden, with the bristles and hairs on propleurae and lower parts of metapleurae yellowish brown, the rest of the bristles on head, frons, sides of face, on antennae below, on genae, thorax above, coxae, the transverse bristles on hind margins of abdomen above black, only those towards the apex tipped with white, with the hair on sides of abdomen and at apex black, with the short pubescence on venter white, the other hairs being black, only those on sides more brownish; the 99 with the hair on head is as in the 3, but the bristles on occiput more pale yellowish brown, the bristles on genae often paler too, with some bristles on lower parts of genae also brownish to blackish, with the hair on thorax above whitish anteriorly, yellowish to brownish on A Revision of the Bombylidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 245 disc, that on scutellum and greater part of abdomen above pale yellowish white, having a sericeous golden or bronzy sheen in certain lights, the hair on sides below and at apex of abdomen black, with the bristles on the thorax above and scutellum more yellowish brown, intermixed antero-laterally with dark brownish ones, those on pro- pleurae very pale reddish brown, those on abdomen above yellowish, brownish to dark brownish, those near apex and on the sides darker brown and tipped yellowish, with those on sides of venter yellowish or ochreous and intermixed with black ones, the hair on abdomen comparatively shorter and less extensive than in megaspilus; wings with the anterior infuscation and spots slightly darker than in megaspilus, more blackish brown, with a pattern similar to that of megaspilus (see text-fig. 3 in The Bombylidae of the Ethiopian Region, p. 59), but even more like that of hottentotus, with the spots larger and more confluent like that of the latter, with the spot at apices of anal and axillary cells also smaller than in megaspilus, more or less in form of 3 contiguous spots, situated in line with the long axis of wing, scarcely touching and never confluent with large spot at base of fourth posterior cell, with this latter spot larger and also confluent and continuous with infuscation at base of discoidal and basal part of first basal cells and with anterior infuscation as in hottentotus, with the clear area near apex of second basal cell com- paratively small and more often not confluent with clear area in anal cell as in megaspilus, with the large rounded spot at base of third posterior cell larger and never widely separated from large spot on discal cross vein, but just touching, even confluent with it in some specimens as in hottentotus, with the large rounded spot at base of vein between submarginal cells joined to large rounded spot at about middle of hyaline apical part of marginal cell and just touching or even connected with a spot (much larger than in megaspilus) at apex of first posterior cell, with the spot at apex of second longitudinal vein more often rounded as in hottentotus and more often not connected to the middle spot by an extensive infuscation along apical part of the vein; basal comb black; squamae in 2 with very pale yellowish white fringes, in § more whitish. Head with the eyes in the 3 separated above by a space a little wider than ocellar tubercle, about as wide as in some forms of megaspilus, in 99 about 33 times as wide as ocellar tubercle; antennae with joint 3 a little longer than 1 and 2 combined in 3, subequal in 92, more thickened basally in $ than in megaspilus, broadest in $ nearer base, the apical third more slender than in megaspilus, in 99 thickest at about middle and the apical VOL. XXXIV. 17 246 Annals of the South African Museum. part more slender than in the latter, the style is slightly longer; proboscis about 5-6 mm. long, with a tendency to be bent downwards apically. Wungs with the vein between discoidal and third posterior cells not bent sharply at right angles at its base and not provided with a stump. Legs with 3-6 black spines on anterior lateral surface of middle femora in apical half; hind femora with 8-12 black spines below from near base to apex, with those nearer base longer and in 3 slightly more slender; claws in $ comparatively more slender and shorter than in megaspilus, more like that of hottentotus, more or less gradually curved from about middle, whereas in megaspilus (type form) only the apex is curved downwards; pulvilli shorter, but extending slightly beyond middle of claws, in 9? confined to base. Hypopygivum also different from that of megaspilus, almost identical with that of hottentotus, with the lower apical margin of the neck region more dilated than in the latter; aedeagus with the same ventral aedeagal process, but the anterior process of the lateral rami on each side slightly more bluntly rounded and the apical slender part of aedeagus shorter; lateral struts also slender and rod-like; basal strut slightly narrower and less broad towards the apex. Types in the Transvaal Museum and some paratypes in the South African Museum. Length of body: about 10-12 mm. Length of wing: about 10-12 mm. Locality — Namaqualand: Van Rhynsdorp (van Son, July—Aug. 1927) (Holotype); Van Rhynsdorp (Brauns, Aug. 1927) (Allotype); Klipfontein (Lightfoot, Aug. 1890); Garies (Mus. Staff, June 1930). This species is so closely related to hottentotus that it may almost be considered as a variety or race of this species. The characters given in the key, and especially the size and the paler bristles and more pale yellowish pubescence, however, separate it from hottentotus. 7 99 B. braunsi Bezz. (as labelled by Brauns from material sent to Bezzi). As in the case of some other species of Bombyliidae of Bezzi, this specific name has a shadowy existence in keys and short notes, without any detailed description existing. Inthe Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. xvii, it is mentioned in the key on p. 23 and its description is forecasted on p. 27 (loc. cit.). Again in 1922, in Broteria, vol. xx, fasc. II (Ser. Zool.), p. 72, it remains still undescribed, but apparently some specimens have now been named as such, while in “‘ The Bomby- A Revision of the Bombyludae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 247 ludae of the Ethiopian Region” it once more enters the keys as an already described species on p.57. I can find no reference in literature that the material in the Hungarian Museum was ever described, as forecasted. The keys are of no use in running down suspected specimens of this species, so I am forced to rely on specimens labelled as such by Brauns and Bezzi. Some of these specimens mentioned in Broteria in Brauns’ private collection, now housed in the Trans- vaal Museum, are now before me in the form of two distinctly and obviously different species, both 99, and both from “ Willowmore (collected in Aug. 1921 and Sept. 1919).” The labelled 9, collected in August 1921, is apparently the undescribed species braunsi, but the other 2 agrees in every respect with the 2 type of punctifer Bezz. in the South African Museum. This latter 2 may be made to run down to braunsi in Bezzi’s keys, but the former 9, as well as 5 other specimens, all have a distinct and large spot at apex of anal and axillary cells, and the hind border of the wing has distinct infuscations on the veins. In view of this, there remains no other way but to describe these specimens as braunsi unless the type exists somewhere and may prove to be yet another species, such as a race of capensis or some other undescribed form. This species is so near megaspilus that a comparative description will suffice to make its identity clear. Compared with the typical form of this species the general pubescence on the body is of the same colour and sheen, the brownish golden stripes on the thorax above are not present or evident, the bristles on occiput and antero-lateral parts of thorax darker, more blackish, a few along the sides in front of wings and intermixed with the other pale reddish brown like those on scutellum, the bristles on abdomen above distinctly black, the posterior ones long and also tipped whitish, but the white tips shorter, the white hair on the abdomen much more extensive and denser, and the black hair above and below and along sides towards apex much less conspicuous, less developed and shorter, the hair on venter comparatively darker, less yellowish or pale brownish, the bristles on middle and hind coxae predominantly black; wings as shown in * text-fig. 61, with the middle spot in apical part of marginal cell comparatively larger, the spot at apex of anal and axillary cells shightly smaller, but constantly present and not fused or confluent with large rounded spot at base of fourth posterior cell, this spot * The outline and shape of the wing are not correctly shown in this figure; the outline and shape in reality being more like that of megaspilus. (See Bezzi’s text-fig. 3.)—(Author.) 248 Annals of the South African Museum. moreover is always confluent with basal infuscation of first basal cell (usually separated in megaspilus), with the spot on discal cross vein and at base of third posterior cell confluent or contiguous, not separated, with the infuscation along veins separating posterior cells 2 and 3 and 3 and 4 variable, but less distinct and smaller. Head with the interocular space 3, or a little more, times as broad as tubercle, with joint 3 of the antennae straighter and comparatively shorter, with the apical fourth, or often a little more, distinctly more slender (joint being more rapidly narrowed to this slender part); proboscis much shorter, about 4 mm. long; genae with fewer black bristles. . TEext-Fic. 61.—Wing of Bombylius braunsi Bezz. Wings with the vein between the discoidal and third posterior cells sharply bent at right angles at its base and there usually provided with a distinct stump or appendix. Legs with 8-12 spines below from near base to apex on hind femora, those near base also a little longer. Labelled specimen in the Transvaal Museum. Length of body: about 83-11 mm. Length of wing: about 8-11 mm. Locality—Southern Karoo: Willowmore (Brauns, Aug. 1921, 1925, and Sept. 1921); Robertson (Nothling, Oct. 1930); Worcester (Turner 34/10/1928) (British Museum). This species may prove to be only a variety of megaspilus, and it is necessary to examine the hypopygium of a g in order to settle this. The constancy of the appendix at base of the vein separating the discoidal and third posterior cells, as well as other characters, however, definitely separate it from megaspilus. 3 33 B. fenestrahs n. sp. This species is also very near megaspilus as far as external characters are concerned. Compared with this latter species, it is found to be A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 249 comparatively larger; the colour and general effects of the pubescence on the body are more or less the same, the sheen of the hairs on the thorax above is more silvery and sericeous white in certain lights, with the brownish golden stripes on the thorax above scarcely visible or only feebly developed, with the hair on each side in front of wing bases not brownish, but whitish, with that on pleural and pectoral regions more whitish, the white hair on abdomen more conspicuous and more extensive and the black less extensive, the hair on the whole comparatively less dense on the abdomen and mystax with more white hair and the black bristles and hairs on frons stouter, TExtT-FIG. 62.—Wing of Bombylius fenestralis n. sp. the bristles on thorax anteriorly, antero-laterally, and behind wing bases and on scutellum pale reddish brown or yellowish red, but paler and not dark brownish as in megaspilus; bristles laterally on sides of thorax, or along upper parts of pleurae also black, the bristles on abdomen above across hind margins of segments 1-3 pale yellowish or brownish and those from segment 4 to apex black, but tipped with whitish or yellowish white, all much longer than the hair and com- paratively longer than in megaspilus, with a central tuft of white hairs at apex of abdomen; wings as shown in text-fig. 62, with the anterior dark brownish black infuscation extending to apex of marginal cell, only the medial part of this apical part being slightly less infuscated, more translucent, but not hyaline, without any middle spot or infuscation, only the end of second longitudinal vein being infuscated, with the infuscation at apices of anal and axillary cells smaller, less spot-like and more diffuse, and not contiguous or scarcely confluent with large spot at base of fourth posterior cell, with a larger hyaline area in anal cell and only a small hyaline spot near apex of second basal cell, with the large spot at base of fourth posterior cell confluent with basal infuscated part of anterior part of 250 Annals of the South African Museum. wing, with the spots on apical cross vein of discoidal cell and base of third posterior cell comparatively smaller and either more feebly or faintly continued along veins separating posterior cells, but not so distinctly as in megaspilus, with the discoidal cell very broad and anal cell more broadly open on hind border; legs with the femora comparatively less darkened in basal half. Head with the inter- ocular space in $g much broader than in megaspilus, very nearly 2 times as broad and thus much broader than width of ocellar tubercle; TrExtT-FIG. 63.—Side view, half of ventral view and dorsal view of beaked apical joint of hypopygium of g Bombylius fenestralis n. sp. antennae with joint 1 relatively shorter and thicker, with the slender apical part of joint 3 longer, slightly less slender, with the slender style also long and straight; proboscis a little longer, about 5-6 mm. long. Legs comparatively much longer; femora with 3-5 black spines on anterior lateral aspect in apical half of middle ones and 8-10 comparatively stouter and shorter spines below on hind ones from near base to apex; claws comparatively shorter and less stout and more or less curved from near base to apex, not straight for more than two-thirds of its length as in megaspilus; pulvill shorter, only a little longer than half the length of claws. Hypopygium (text-fig. 63) with the outer lower margin of neck region of basal parts dilated, with the inner apical processes flattened and somewhat concave towards beaked apical joints; beaked apical joint more or less sunk in apical part of basal part, foveately hollowed out above, the apex acute and slender, slightly bent downwards, the fovea elongate and A Revision of the Bombylidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 251 bounded by carinate or ridge-like edges which, along the outer side, are broad and produced apically into a blunt process, not bent down- wards (the joint is thus bifid apically); aedeagus with the apical part short, about reaching apex of inner apical process, with its base prominently projecting downwards and provided with a central forwardly and upwardly directed ventral aedeagal process, latterly compressed and ploughshare-like, with the basal dorsal aedeagal struts visibly projecting basally; lateral struts narrow, almost rod- shaped, but broadened basally; basal strut almost bat-shaped. Type in the South African Museum. Length of body: about 10-12 mm. Length of wing: about 11-124 mm. Locality.—Nieuwveld Karoo: Beaufort West. Distr. (Mus. Staff, Oct. 1935). Namaqualand: Kamieskroon (Mus. Staff, Sept. 1930) (Type). This species, owing to its distinct structural differences in the more widely separated eyes, broader thorax, different claws and differently shaped aedeagus and beaked apical joints of the hypopygium, can- not even be considered as a variety of megaspilus; it is an entirely different species. B. capensis Linn. (P. 1009, Syst. Natur. Ed., xu. IT. 3, 1767; Wiedemann, p. 351, Aussereurop. Zweifl. Ins., 1, 1828; Bezzi, p. 26, Ann. 8. Afr. Mise vole xvi 1921 Pl. I, fie. 2.) Descriptions of capensis Linn. are so unsatisfactory that deter- minations from them are impossible, and I have to take Bezzi’s labelled specimen as a representative of this species. The identity of this species thus remains very doubtful, especially when it is evident that the descriptions of Linnzeus and Wiedemann are also applicable to several other species with spotted wings such as serviller Macq., pentaspilus Bezz., braunst Bezz. (in lit.), punctifer Bezz., etc. The chief characteristics of capensis, as defined here, are :— Body entirely black; legs with the tibiae and more than basal parts of tarsi yellowish, with the extreme apices of femora also yellowish, with the 6-9 slender, bristle-like spines on hind femora below black or blackish, the spicules on tibiae predominantly or entirely yellowish, yellowish brown or pale brownish; pubescence long, dense and shaggy as in other species in this group, predominantly whitish or silvery whitish, that on disc of thorax more or less gleaming 252 Annals of the South African Museum. sericeous yellowish or brownish golden in certain lights, more so on sides, but sometimes scarcely discernible, with the tuft of hairs on post-alar calli on each side almost always gleaming golden or brownish golden in certain lights, with the bristly hairs and bristles on head, thorax and abdomen predominantly black, the dense tuft-like hairs on sides of abdomen towards apex and also on each side of a silvery white apical tuft black, with, however, much dark brownish or blackish brown ones on sides of venter apically, with some or numerous intermixed bristles on occiput, on humeral part on each side, the entire metapleural tuft, some or numerous bristles on coxae and many on each side of venter or sides of ab- domen yellowish, with pale intermixed hairs and bristles on venter; wings as figured by Bezzi (loc. cit., Pl. I, fig. 2) but usually without spots at ends of posterior veins, but always with a diffuse spot at apex of anal and axillary cells, with the anterior infuscation and spots yellowish brown to coffee brownish and with the first longitudinal vein and bases of the others usually pale brownish or pale reddish brown, with the spots on apical cross veins of first and second basal cells, at base of third posterior cell and at base vf vein separating submarginal cells usually large, rounded and conspicuous, the one on apical cross vein of discoidal cell also large but those at end of second longitudinal vein and at about middle of apical part of marginal cell smaller, that at end of somewhat acute first posterior cell minute or small, and that at end of vein separating submarginal cells very faint. Hypopygium of g (text-fig. 64) resembling that of hottentotus, ammophilus, and zoutpansbergianus, where the rami on each side are continued apically and where a central, raised or arch-like ventral aedeagal process is present; inner apical part of basal parts slightly projecting; aedeagal process shaped as shown in figure and with 4 spines on it. Length of body: about 6-12 mm. Length of wing: about 7-13 mm. TEext-Fic. 64.—Side view and half of ventral view of hypopygium of g§ Bombylius capensis Linn. A Revision of the Bombyliuidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 253 Locahity.—_Namaqualand, S. Karoo and Little Karoo. (In the Transvaal and South African Museums.) There is no doubt that the species is slightly variable, the large specimens from Namaqualand having larger spots on the wings and also with indications of distinct spots at ends of some of the posterior veins. The spicules on the tibiae in some specimens are also pre- dominantly or entirely dark or black. 2 3g 11 92 B. nieuwveldensis n. sp. It is with much hesitation that I refer these insects to a separate species. Hxternally there is very little to distinguish them from TExtT-FIG. 65.—Side view and part of ventral view of hypopygium of ¢ of Bombylius nieuwveldensis n. sp. capensis, but as the hypopygium of the ¢ is structurally slightly different, showing specific differences, they are referred to a separate species. From capensis these specimens differ in having the pubescence on body above markedly gleaming silvery whitish, without any yellowish sericeous gleaming pubescence on disc of thorax or in a tuft on post-alar calli, with all the bristly hairs and bristles on head, thorax, scutellum and abdomen above black, without any or with very much fewer yellowish bristles on occiput, humeral region and coxae, with those in metapleural tuft also yellowish, with the hair on sides of abdomen and towards apex of venter more intensely black, having 254 Annals of the South African Museum. no dark coffee brownish sheen, but also with intermixed pale bristles, with the dark parts and spots on wings much darker and sooty black, without any spot at apex of anal cell and without even indications of spots at ends of posterior veins, with all the veins much darker and very dark blackish brown or black and with the first posterior cell tending to be less markedly acute apically, with the tibiae slightly darker and more brownish, not pale yellowish and with the spicules on the tibiae entirely black, the spicules on hind tibiae also appearing denser. Hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 65) differs from that of capensis (cf. text-fig. 64) in having the inner apical parts of basal parts not distinctly produced and not projecting beyond beaked apical parts; ventral aedeagal process also slightly shaped differently and having only 1 spine on each side and not 4 as in capensis. Types in the South African Museum. Length of body: about 6-10 mm. Length of wing: about 6-10 mm. Locality.—Nieuwveld Karoo: Beaufort West. Distr.; Leeukloof (Mus. Staff, Oct. 1935). B. punctifer Bezz. (P. 28, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. xviii, 1921, and p. 59, The Bombylidae of the Ethiopian Region, fig. 4.) This species can be easily recognised by the characters given in the key, namely :— The wings are not extensively mottled, with the dark brownish infuscation in anterior costal and basal parts distinctly less marked off from hyaline part, without any infuscations at ends of second longitudinal vein and vein separating submarginal cells and with the apical part of marginal cell more hyaline than in other species in this category, there being also no spot or infuscation at apices of anal and axillary cells; pubescence, excluding black or yellowish bristles on thorax and scutellum, entirely silvery whitish, even discally on thorax, with that on abdomen above also entirely silvery white, the black hair on extreme sides and sides of venter being less exten- sively developed and scarcely visible from above, with transverse rows of whitish or pale-tipped black bristles across segments 2 to apex. The 3 of this species has not yet been taken. Locality.—Southern and South-Eastern Karoo and Namaqualand. In the Transvaal, British and South African Museums. A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 255 B. punctatellus Bezz. (P. 27, Ann. 8S. Afr. Mus., vol. xvii, 1921.) This small species is represented by the unique 3-type specimen in the South African Museum. It is easily distinguished from all other species, with more or less mottled wings, by the characters given in the key, but chiefly by the infuscation of the wings, which super- ficially resembles that found in servillex Macq. and pentaspilus Bezz. The wings have the same anterior dark blackish brown infuscation, extending up to end of marginal cell, 3 similar large, rounded spots along the posterior border of the infuscation and 3 much smaller spots in posterior part; the more hyaline part of wings is, however, not entirely hyaline but slightly cinereous greyish and the anal cell is very acute apically, provided with a very short stalk and thus not opening widely on hind border. The abdomen, in this insect, has extensive chocolate brown hair laterally, especially towards apex, with the pale-tipped, transverse bristles, as well as those on sides of thorax and on scutellum, brownish, becoming darker towards apex of abdomen. The third antennal joints are broadest at about the middle, scarcely more narrowed apically than basally and the face is poorly developed; the head itself is somewhat dorso-ventrally compressed. The spines on legs are comparatively slender and poorly developed for this group, there being only about 4 spines on hind femora below. Locality.—No locality label, but probably Karoo or N.W. Cape Province. B. punctatelloides n. sp. (Syn. = punctatellus Bezz. in part.) There is no doubt that this g-specimen, referred to by Bezzi on p. 28, Ann. S. Afr. Mus., vol. xviii, 1921, as belonging to punctatellus, is specifically distinct from punctatellus. From the type of the latter species it differs in the following points :— Pubescence on body more predominantly silvery whitish, there being no dark intermixed hairs on disc of thorax and that on abdomen with distinctly less chocolate brown ones laterally and apically, being more extensively whitish above, that on sides of thorax in front of wings, in mesopleural tuft and even in upper parts of meta- pleural tuft more whitish, with the slender bristles on head, thorax, scutellum and transversely on abdomen much darker, deeper chocolate 256 Annals of the South African Museum. brown; wings (figured by Bezzi as that of punctatellus on PI. I, fig. 4, loc. cit.) differing in having the spots at apex of first posterior cell, on apical cross vein of discoidal cell and at base of third posterior cell very large and rounded, as large as the 3 anterior spots, also with a much more distinct infuscation at apex of anal cell and even with faint indications near ends of veins separating second, third, and fourth posterior cells, with the second longitudinal vein not undulating and only very slightly sinuous above last spot in the first row, with the discal cross vein only very little beyond middle of discoidal cell and with the anal cell normally opening on the hind border. Head with the interocular space slightly broader, quite 2 times as broad as ocellar tubercle, with the third antennal joints distinctly longer, more slender and rod-like, tapering gradually from a slightly broader base. Legs with about 7 (not 4) longer spines from near base to apex on hind femora below, with the basal ones remarkably long and slender, almost bristle-like, with the claws distinctly shorter and less slender, more gradually curved downwards from about middle to apex and not rapidly bent downwards near apex, with the pulvilli distinctly shorter, only extending a very little beyond the middle of claws. The apical part of the abdomen was unfortunately damaged, so the hypopygium cannot be described for this specimen. Type in the South African Museum. Length of body: about 5 mm. Length of wing: about 6 mm. Locality.—No locality label, but probably also from the Cape Province. B. obesus Bezz. (R229) Ann Siac sine avolxa ie ehO2i1.)) From several specimens of both sexes before me and some named specimens in the Transvaal Museum, I am able to identify this species correctly. The 9-specimen from “Isipingo” to which Bezzi refers is, however, not from that locality in Natal but from ‘‘Upington” in the N.W. Cape Province. The writing on the label is quite legible. Moreover it is not obesus, but an entirely different species. It is a variety of a new species, zoutpansbergianus, described by me in this paper. B. obesus is a fairly bulky species, superficially resembling hypoleucus, and is characterised by having predominantly sericeous whitish, gleaming pubescence above and also across pleural parts, with numerous intermixed black bristles on frons, antennae below, A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 257 sides of face, on genae, on sides of thorax in front of wing-bases and tufts of black hair on sides of abdomen and at apex, where they are very dense and conspicuous, with the bristles on occiput, on thorax in front, on sides of thorax and intermixed on mesopleuron, on posterior ealli, on scutellum, the long ones transversely across abdomen above, some on genae and front part of face, those on coxae and some on venter yellowish, ochreous yellow to reddish yellow, those in 99 usually more reddish yellow, with the pubescence on abdomen above more conspicuously gleaming sericeous, with a few darkish bristles on a. b. Cz TExt-Fic. 66.—(a) Half of ventral view of hypopygium of ¢ Bombylius obesus Bezz. (6) Half of dorsal view of hypopygium of g Bombylius obesus Bezz. (c) Side view of hypopygium of ¢ Bombylius obesus Bezz. coxae and some on venter; wings greyish hyaline, with the base, costal cell, greater part of marginal cell, base of first submarginal cell, basal half of first basal cell, upper part of second basal cell, extreme bases of anal and axillary cells and the alula brownish to dark brownish, this infuscation not well marked off from more hyaline part of wing, with distinct dark spots on apical cross vein of second basal cell, on apical cross vein of first basal cell, at base of vein between submarginal cells, at apex of first posterior cell, on apical cross vein of discoidal cell and at base of third posterior cell, with the basal comb black, the veins very dark blackish brown or almost black, the discal cross vein much beyond middle of discoidal cell. Head with the interocular space in g¢ broad, quite 2 times as broad as tubercle, in 92 also broad and about 4 times as broad as tubercle. Legs with the femora black in g¢ and in 99 also black or much darkened; claws slender and long in gd, gradually curved, with the 258 Annals of the South African Museum. pulvilli flattened and well developed in $g, reaching middle of claws, confined to base in 99. Hypopygium of g (text-fig. 66, a, b, and c) with the basal parts compact, broad, and short, with much hair, dorsally more or less convexly raised along line of junction (text-fig. 66, 6), the neck region markedly short and broad, with the inner dorsal margin in neck region very broad, concave on side of beaked apical joints, rounded apically, the lower apical part of neck region projecting lobe-like; beaked apical joints sunk in basal part, with a large, deep, rounded foveate depression on upper inner aspect, their apices not very acute; aedeagus with the apical part slender, the base prominent and medially conically produced forwards; lateral struts comparatively short. Locality.—_Namaqualand, Central and Southern Karoo. (In the Transvaal and South African Museums.) 1 $ B. mollihirtus n. sp. Body black; hind margins of ventral segments and genital segment pale yellowish white; pubescence on occiput, thorax above, scutellum, abdomen above and upper parts of pleural regions soft and furry, very pale greyish white, with a dull whitish sericeous or silvery sheen in certain lights, that on disc of thorax with a feeble yellowish sheen, that on abdomen above, on sides and towards apex more silvery white in certain lights, that in mystax, on genae, head below, near pectoral regions, in metapleural tuft, on venter and centrally above at apex of abdomen white, the bristly hairs on frons, sides of face, below joint 1 of antennae, a few on genae and its lower parts, the bristles along upper parts of mesopleuron, basal comb of wings, some hairs intermixed on sides of abdomen and the denser and longer tuft-like hair towards apex and on sides below black, those towards end of abdomen with a dark blackish brown sheen in certain lights, the hairs on ocellar tubercle, antennae above and the bristly hairs or bristles on occiput very pale yellowish, the bristles on genae, anterior part of thorax and laterally behind wings, on scutellum, the transverse rows on hind margins of abdomen, on posterior part of mesopleuron, those below on metapleural tuft and the spines on legs deeper yellowish, the bristles towards apex of abdomen black or dark brown- ish black with paler, more yellowish tips and those on sides of venter whitish, the bristly hairs on coxae yellowish and intermixed with the others; wings faintly infuscated on anterior half up to end of costal cell, discal cross vein and up to apex of second basal cell with pale A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 259 greyish brownish, with the costal cell shining through more sub- opaquely whitish, with the rest of the wing translucent and with a feeble milky white tint in certain lights, with the veins dark brownish, paler brownish basally, with faint, diffuse and indistinct infuscations on apical cross vein of second basal cell, discal cross vein, base of vein between discoidal and third posterior cells, apical cross vein of discoidal cell, base of vein between submarginal cells and an evanes- cent one at apex of first posterior cell, with the parts of the veins on these sites distinctly darkened, more black- ish brown, with the fringes of the squamae and alulae whitish; halteres brownish; legs yellowish brown, with the femora blackish to beyond the middle and the apical parts of tarsi more brownish, the apical two-thirds of claws black. Head with the eyes broadly separ- TEXxtT-FIG. 67.—Side view and half of ventral view of hypopygium of g Bombylius mollihirtus n. sp. ated above, very nearly 2 times as broad as ocellar tubercle; antennae with joint 3 only a little longer than 1 and 2 combined, distinctly broadened in basal half, broadest nearer base, thence fairly rapidly narrowed to straight and slender apical half, with the style slender and feebly curved, with the upper apical part of joint 2, as in many other species in this section, more or less prominent, almost projecting; genae with a few bristles or bristly hairs along its lower part; proboscis about 4mm.long. Legs with a longish spine beyond middle along posterior face and a shorter one opposite on anterior face of front femora; middle femora with 2 or 3 spines anteriorly beyond middle and a single long one posteriorly; hind femora with 5-6 spines below from near base to apex; claws comparatively short and slender, curved from near base, with the pulvilli scarcely reaching the middle of claws. Hypopygium (text-fig. 67) with the lower apical part of neck region of basal parts subangularly dilated; beaked apical joint flattened, depressed above, but not foveately hollowed out, the apex acute, bent downwards (more slender than is shown in figure); aedeagus with the slender apical part hidden and above ventral 260 Annals of the South African Museum. aedeagal process, which is in the form of a medial forwardly projecting pointed process, armed with setae apically and almost reaching level of inner apical processes, with the base flattened and broad, continuous on each side with the rami, with the dorsal basally directed aedeagal struts just visibly projecting; lateral struts feeble; basal strut small, bat-shaped. Type in the Transvaal Museum. Length of body: about 93 mm. Length of wing: about 84 mm. ~ Locality—Karoo: Willowmore (Brauns, Oct. 1911). This species resembles a small specimen of obesus, from which it is separated by the characters givenin the key. From zoutpansbergianus n. sp. it differs chiefly in the more broadly separated eyes, less spotted wings, and other characters given in the key. 3 gd 9 92 B. zoutpansbergianus n. sp. Body black, with the hind margins of ventral segments pallid or pale ochreous yellow to yellowish white, more extensive in gd, the entire venter in the holotype being yellowish; pubescence on occiput, thorax above, scutellum and abdomen above whitish, with a silvery sheen when viewed from the side or in front, from above with a greyish tint, more distinctly white in 3g, and in 99 with a feeble indication of - yellowish stripes on disc of thorax, the sides of thorax in front of wings also with a feeble yellowish tint, that above on antennae, in mystax, on face, sides of genae, head below, pleural regions, meta- pleural tuft, sides of venter in basal half snow white, that on sides of abdomen, sides towards apex and in apical tuft with black hair, denser, longer and more distinct towards apex and in apical tuft and in certain lights with a distinct blackish brown tint, with the black hair in basal half of abdomen more extensive in the $4, the bristles and bristly hairs on ocellar tubercle, below joint 1 of antennae, sides of face, on genae pale yellowish white, yellowish to pale yellowish brown, with the fine bristles on sides of frons often much darker, more brownish black, the bristles on occiput, thorax above, scutellum, mesopleuron, in metapleural tuft below, on coxae, the longer ones on basal comb of wings, on abdomen above and below and the spines on legs deeper yellowish to reddish yellow or pale brownish yellow, slightly paler, more whitish in the ¢ holotype, with the bristles towards apex of abdomen and venter distinctly more whitish in gd, with the tips of bristles towards apex distinctly more whitish, with a A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 261 few bristles on genae often distinctly whitish; wings with the anterior half, even up to end of marginal cell, basal half of first submarginal cell, basal three-quarters of first basal cell, second basal cell (excepting clear spot towards apex) and base of anal cell tinged pale yellowish brown or pale brownish, with the rest of wing translucent, subhyaline, the apical part of marginal cell being slightly less hyaline, with a large rounded spot on basal cross vein of fourth posterior cell, on discal cross vein and a very distinct one at base of vein separating submarginal cells, with a slightly smaller spot on apical cross vein of discoidal cell and at base of third posterior cell, with a diffuse spot at end of second longitudinal vein and at end of vein separating submarginal cells, with a variable infuscation at apices of anal and axillary cells, and smaller, indistinct, and often absent, spots at apex of first posterior cell and at ends of veins separating posterior cells 2 and 3 and 3 and 4, with the veins dark brownish to brownish black, the basal parts being paler, more reddish brown, with the bristles on basal comb predominantly black, with the fringes of squamae and alulae white; halteres pale yellowish brown, with dark brownish black knobs; legs with the femora black to much beyond middle, covered with whitish scales; claws in the 99 almost entirely black, in $3 with blackish apices. Head with the eyes in gd separated above by about 14 times width of ocellar tubercle, a little more than 38, nearly 4 in some 99, times width of tubercle in 92 and about 3 times as broad as in gg; antennae with joint 3, often with white scales, comparatively longer in 33, slender, almost rod-like in some 34, scarcely broadened basally, in 99 more distinctly broadened in basal half and in some 99 being broadest a little before middle, gradually narrowed apically, with the apical slender part more distinct in some gd, with the dorsal apical part of joint 2 bluntly projecting, almost spine-like in some specimens; genae with a few distinct but slender bristles on lower aspect; proboscis more or less straight, only the apex slightly bent upwards, about 4 mm. long in gg and 4-5 mm. in 99. Wings with a tendency for vein between discoidal and third posterior cells to be slightly or sharply bent at right angles at base in some specimens and there to be provided with an indication of a short stump (with this is also correlated a similar tendency for vein between the submarginal cells to be bent at right angles at its base), with the discal cross vein a little beyond middle of discoidal cell. Legs with about 3-4 spines on anterior face from middle to apex and 1 spine on postero-lateral aspect of middle femora; hind femora with about 6-8 spines below from near base to apex, stouter VOL. XXXIV. 18 262 Annals of the South African Museum. and longer in 99, the ones nearer base being longer and more slender; claws much longer and comparatively more slender in gg, curved from about middle; pulvilli long in $3, reaching and extending beyond middle of claws, feeble and scarcely visible in 99. Hypo- pygium of g (text-fig. 68) with the basal parts compact, but not to such an extent as in obesus, with the lower apical margin of neck region dilated, the inner apical processes projecting distinctly, the hairs on dorsum sparse and short; beaked apical joints slightly elongate, flattened and depressed above; aede- agus with the slender apical part not reaching the level of inner apical processes and not visible from below, hidden by the basal part of aedeagus, which is de- veloped as a_ ventral aedeagal process, pro- jecting downwards and TEXT-FIG. 68.—Side view and half of ventral view slightly apically in form of hypopygium of ¢ Bombylius zoutpansbergianus of a central inverted ee U-shaped arch, pro- vided apically with flattened spines and connected laterally with the rami, which are also produced on each side anteriorly into a pointed process, the outer side of which is higher and slightly carinate; lateral struts comparatively short and rod-like, projecting backwards; basal strut not projecting beyond bases of basal parts. Types in the Transvaal Museum and some paratypes in the South African Museum. Length of body: about 6-11 mm. Length of wing: about 6-11 mm. Locality.—N.K. Transvaal: Zoutpansberg Distr. (Breyer, 7 and 8/1916). 2 99 B. zoutpansbergianus var. occidentalis n. (Syn =obesus Bezz. in part.) Two 99, in the South African Museum from “ Keimoes, Gordonia (K. Barnard, July 1925)” and ‘“‘Upington”’ (this latter labelled by Bezzi as obesus and mentioned as coming from “Isipingo” on p. 29, A Revision of the Bombyludae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 263 Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. xviii), agree in every respect with zoutpans- — bergianus except for the following details, mentioned also in the key: The bristles and bristly hairs on sides of frons, on antennae below, sides of face and mystax, all the longer bristles on genae, sides of thorax and along upper parts of mesopleuron black; basal comb predominantly black and with few yellowish bristles; thorax above with 3 distinct pale brownish golden stripes; bristles on thorax slightly more reddish brown and the bristles on abdomen also distinctly darker, more reddish brown; evanescent spot-like infus- cations on veins separating posterior cells 2 and 3 and 3 and 4 much smaller or wanting, and the body is slightly longer, about 12 mm. This form can scarcely be elevated to specific rank, and I refer it to a new Western variety occidentalis occurring in the extreme N.W. Cape Province and Southern Kalahari. The wing-pattern of zout- pansbergianus resembles that of punctifer Bezz., but the anterior infuscation is slightly less dark, the ends of second longitudinal vein and vein between submarginal cells with a distinct spot, apices of anal and axillary cells with a faint spot and ends of veins separating posterior cells 2 and 3 and 3 and 4 often with faint spots. B. spimbarbus Bezz. (P. 30, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. xviii, 1921.) This striking species, described by Bezzi from 2 $¢ in the South African Museum, is represented by both §¢ and the as yet undescribed 29 in the collections before me. The species may be easily recognised by the following characters :— Body black, with the greater part of scutellum, the hind margins of the tergites, broader on sides in both sexes, but apparently broader on sides of abdomen in gd and the hind margins of sternites red or reddish, with antennal joint 1 sometimes also tending to be partly reddened and even with the sutural parts of pleurae sometimes reddish; legs entirely yellowish in both sexes, only the apical parts of tarsi becoming darker and the apical parts of claws blackish; pubescence dense, long and shaggy on abdomen, that on thorax above very dense and shorter than on abdomen, that on head dense and bushy, the stouter and conspicuous bristles well developed on occiput, antennae below, on face in front and brush-like on lower parts of genae, the bristly elements on rest of body and especially on abdomen also prominent, the entire pubescence on body above and below golden yellowish to deep golden and gleaming golden, 264 Annals of the South African Museum. that on abdomen in certain lights appearing paler and gleaming more sericeous yellowish, the dense scaling along anterior and hind margins of eyes and the pubescence on head below more dull whitish or creamy, the pubescence on body below scarcely paler yellowish than on body above, the bristly elements on coxae and pubescence on sides of venter and sides of abdomen above, especially in 99, even more ochreous yellowish; wings greyish hyaline posteriorly and apically, but the costal cell and basal half from end of costal cell A WT (fag the TExtT-FIG. 69.—Side view and half of ventral view of hypopygium of ¢ Bombylius spinibarbus Bezz. across to middle region of anal cell tinged yellowish to ochreous yellowish, being more subopaque towards base and in costal cell, with the basal comb yellowish to ochreous yellowish, the veins yellowish, becoming more brownish in apical part of wings, with distinct darker and more brownish spot-like indications at base of third longitudinal vein, on apical cross veins of basal cells, and at base of vein between submarginal cells, with the discal cross vein a little beyond middle of discoidal cell, with the first posterior cell tending to be somewhat acute apically and sometimes with a tendency for vein between discoidal and third posterior cells to be sharply bent at its base and there to be provided with an insignificant stump; halteres yellowish and with almost whitish knobs. Head with the eyes in gd rather broadly separated above by a space nearly or quite 2 times as broad as ocellar tubercle, with the interocular space A Revision of the Bombylirdae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 265 on vertex in 9° a little more than 3 times as broad as tubercle; antennae with joint 1 thickened, incrassate or barrel-shaped, quite 25 times as long as 2, with 2 longer than broad, its wpper apical part slightly projecting, with 3 club-like, thickened and knob-like at base, then slender and rod-like to apex, the apex itself slightly broadened and ending in a slender style; proboscis about 4-64 mm. long. Legs without any bristly hairs on femora below; front femora with 2 or 3 spines in front in some specimens; middle femora with about 3-6 spines in front and about 2 behind; hind ones with about 8-10 longish spines from near base to apex below and a few on outer side apically, those below sometimes irregularly arranged; tibiae with the spicules, especially on front and middle ones, rather numerous and not widely separated; claws gradually curved and with the pulvill in gd extending to about middle of claws, in 99 slightly shorter; front tarsal joints in 99 hairy but not much thickened. Hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 69) with the neck region of basal parts slightly arcuately broadened along its lower margin; beaked apical joints ovate, their apices curved downwards and slightly outwards, their upper surfaces slightly depressed; aedeagus with the apical slender part slightly curved upwards, the basal part broad and bell-shaped, its basal Tim continuous on each side with ramus from each basal part; lateral struts slender; basal strut somewhat bat-shaped and elongate. In the Transvaal and South African Museums. Length of body: about 83-135 mm. Length of wing: about 84-13 mm. Locality.—South Western Cape Province. B. angulosus Bezz. (P. 31, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. xvi, 1921.) This species is so closely related to spinibarbus that a full description is unnecessary. Compared with spinibarbus it differs as follows :— Pubescence on the whole distinctly paler yellowish, gleaming much paler and more pale velvety sericeous yellowish, appearing even more creamy yellowish in $¢, that on abdomen in 3¢ especially becoming distinctly paler yellowish towards apex, the general effects above in both sexes more resplendent and gleaming pale sericeous yellowish in certain lights, that on body below distinctly more dull whitish, more chalky whitish and distinctly contrasting with yellowish pubescence above, that in metapleural tuft and sides of venter more distinctly whitish, the bristly elements on coxae are, however, also 266 Annals of the South African Museum. deep yellowish and contrasting with white pubescence on pleurae and head below, with distinct tufts of blackish brown or chocolate brown hair along extreme sides of abdomen (seen from ventral view) in 99, these however sometimes very sparse or even wanting in some 92; wings relatively longer, on the whole more extensively tinged yellowish brownish or reddish brownish, becoming fainter and more hyaline apically and posteriorly and darker basally, with the same spot-like, but darker and more distinct, infuscations and in addition also spot-like infuscations on apical cross vein of discoidal cell, at base of vein between discoidal and third posterior cells and some- times even at apex of first posterior cell and with the vein between discoidal and third posterior cells more constantly bent at right angles at its base and provided with a more constant and longer stump; head with antennal joint 1 slightly longer and quite 3, or even a little more, times as long as 2, with 2 less elongate and more subglobular and with slender part of 3 apparently slightly longer, with the proboscis about 34-6 mm. long. Hypopygiwm of 3 differs from that of spimbarbus practically only in that the hair on basal parts is longer and denser and the basal strut slightly broader. The species 1s very variable in size, some specimens being quite smallish and some specimens have even paler and more sericeous whitish gleaming pubescence. In the British, Transvaal and South African Museums. Length of body: about 74-14 mm. Length of wing: about 8-15 mm. Locality.—Nieuwveld Karoo, Karoo and Namaqualand. 13 gd 36 92 B. minusculus n. sp. Body, including scutellum, black, with whitish bloom on integu- ment above; antennal joints 1 and 2 in some specimens, the palps, basal half or two-thirds of proboscis, extreme sides of abdominal tergites, very narrow and almost indistinct hind margins of tergites towards apex, especially in $g, broader and sometimes very broad hind margins of sternites and the genital segment pallid or yellowish; legs pale yellowish to even almost pallid, the bases or basal halves of femora in some specimens and especially in gg darkened, with the last 2 or 3 or even 4 tarsal joints dark brownish to black and the apical halves of claws black, with the spines on legs whitish; pubes- cence relatively sparse but long and shaggy, especially in 99, where it is very long and shaggy on occiput, thorax in front, on scutellum A Revision of the Bombyliudae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 267 and abdomen, that on front part of body in g¢ distinctly much shorter than in 99, that on occiput in 92 very shaggy, long and conspicuous, the pubescence rather coarse and entirely dull snow or chalky white above and below, without any or a feeble sheen and tending to be erect on scutellum and abdomen, without any distinct differentiation into stouter elements such as bristles, but with a shorter sparse pubescence visible on abdomen and also with distinct flattened scaling along hind margins of eyes and along sides of genae, with the individual hairs on body distinctly fimbriate apically, giving “singed off” appearance, with the hairs on ocellar tubercle and a few on sides of frons in 99 yellowish to brownish, those on ocellar tubercle in gd yellowish, the pubescence on face and genae also not differentiated into stouter and finer elements, but all the hairs equally coarse and fimbriate apically, with the scaling on legs cretaceous whitish and dense; wings hyaline, iridescent and with a feeble milky whitish tint in certain lights especially in costal cell and at base, where they are subopaquely whitish, rather feebly developed, the base narrowish, with the alula somewhat reduced and not very lobate, the axillary lobe also narrowish and not so arcuately lobate as in other species of Bombylius, with the basal comb vestigial and represented only by a small tuft of white hairs, with the veins dark blackish brown, the costal and first longitudinal veins yellowish or yellowish brown, with the discal cross vein at about middle, or just before middle or even much before middle, of discoidal cell, the discoidal cell truncate apically, with the second longitudinal vein tending to be undulating, with the squamae rather small, opaquely whitish. Head with the eyes in gd separated above by about the width of ocellar tubercle, with the interocular space in 99 about, or slightly less than, 2 times as broad as broadish tubercle; antennae with joint 1 visibly thickened to even slightly barrel-shaped, quite 3 times as long as 2, with joint 3 about as long as, or slightly longer than, joints 1 and 2 combined, thickened in basal half or more, broadest just before base, rather rapidly narrowed apically, the apical part being slender and straight, often pallid at tip and ending in a relatively long, slender stylar element; proboscis shortish and about 1-14 mm. long; palps slender and shortish, visibly 2- jointed. Legs comparatively slender, without any hairs on femora below and with only 2 or 3 feeble, separated spines from about middle to apex on hind ones below; tibiae with the spicules on front and middle ones very feebly developed or wanting and those on hind tibiae much less and more sparsely developed than in other species; the entire pubescence a 268 Annals of the South African Museum. claws arcuately curved and with the pulvilli extending to about middle of claws in ¢¢ and slightly shorter in 99; front tarsal joints in 99 slightly more hairy than middle ones but scarcely thicker. Types in the South African Museum and paratypes in the British Museum and Imperial Institute. Length of body: about 3-54 mm. Length of wing: about 3-5 mm. TExt-Fic. 70.—Side view and half of ventral view of hypopygium of 3 Bombylius minusculus n. sp. Locality.—Namaqualand: Kamieskroon (Mus. Exp., Nov. 1936) (Types); Bowesdorp (Mus. Exp., Nov. 1931); Nieuwoudtville (Ogilvie, 18—22/11/31). S.W. Karoo: Ceres, 1500 ft. alt. (Turner, Dec. 1920). This species is apparently slightly variable in size and colour characters, but these differences are negligible except in the case of a ¢ in the British Museum which appears to represent a distinct variety as follows:— 1 3 B. minusculus var. pallidiwentris n. This single g-specimen can only represent a variety of minusculus. It differs from the typical form in the following points:—The entire abdomen is very pale brownish yellow, slightly more yellowish on sides, with the hind margins of the segments above broadly ivory whitish to yellowish, broader laterally and on venter; thorax and scutellum even more brownish than black; face, antennal joint 1 and front part of frons pallid. Head with antennal joint 1 slightly A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 269 more thickened and joint 3 slightly longer, broadest nearer base, distinctly more gradually narrowed apically, the apical slender part distinctly less slender than in the typical form, with the proboscis slightly longer, about 2mm. long. Wings distinctly slightly more sub- opaquely tinted milky whitish, with the veins slightly paler and more pallid, even the costal veins paler, with the alula and axillary lobe slightly broader and more normally lobe-like and the wings also apparently broader. Leys also with about 3 spines on hind femora below, with the pulvilli a little more evident, extending a little beyond the middle of claws. Hypopygium of 3 of variety (text-fig. 70), and of the typical form, with the basal parts compact, very broad and short, somewhat like that of obesus, with the neck region very short, practically absent, with the dorsum covered with very fine hairs which are somewhat sparse, with the inner apical angles of basal parts broad and truncated; beaked apical joints comparatively very small, insignificant, scarcely depressed above, their apices slender and bent downwards; aedeagus with the slender rod-like apical-part slightly extending beyond level of apical angles of basal parts, with the dorsal basally directed aedeagal struts visibly pro- jecting on each side of basal strut, with the basal part of aedeagus broad and bell-shaped and without a ventral process below; lateral struts narrow and basal strut as shown in figure. Type of variety in the British Museum. Length of variety: about 54 mm. Length of wing: about 5 mm. Locality.—S. Karoo: Matjiesfontein (Turner, 6—15/10/1928). This species, including the variety, is very remarkable in many respects and ought strictly to be separated from the genus Bombylius s. str. or at least referred to a subgenus of the latter. The peculiar, coarse, fimbriate hairs on its body constitute a remarkable character only developed in another species of a new genus described further on. The feeble wings with a reduced alula and axillary lobe constitute still another aberrant character. These insects are feeble fliers and are usually found hovering over and settling on the warm sand during the hottest part of the day. 12 3d 9 92 B. volucer n. sp. Body black, with the scutellum almost entirely reddish or reddish only across hinder part or even entirely black in some specimens, with the sides of hind margins of tergites more or less broadly reddish 270 Annals of the South African Museum. in $d, black in 92 or with only sides of tergite 2 reddish, with the hind margins of sternites in gg broadly or sometimes even predomin- antly yellowish or reddish, the extreme edges being more ivory whitish, with the yellowish hind margins of sternites in 99 narrower, with the genital segment also yellowish or reddish yellow to brownish in both sexes; legs yellowish, the femora almost entirely yellowish or only darkened at extreme bases in both sexes, but especially in some gd, in others darkened to near middle and with the apical parts of tarsi dark brownish and the apical parts of claws black; pubescence dense, and shaggy shortish on thorax above and more so in $¢ than in 99, that on abdomen longer, recumbent and shaggy in appearance, that on face dense and bushy as in other species in this series, the stouter bristly elements long and conspicuous on antennal joint 1 below, face and genae and in a brush-like tuft on lower parts of genae, the pubescence above and below on entire body silvery whitish and gleaming silvery or sericeous whitish, only that on body below less gleaming, with all the bristly elements on thorax and across abdomen also entirely white, with the pubescence on ocellar tubercle and on sides of frons in both sexes yellowish to brownish, sometimes even darker in 99, with the scaling on legs white; wings vitreous hyaline, with the base, costal cell, basal part of marginal cell, basal half of first basal cell, second basal cell, base of anal cell and alula tinged subopaquely pale yellowish whitish to yellowish in both sexes, with the parts of veins in this area yellowish, becoming more brownish to very dark brownish towards apical part of wings, the base of first longitudinal vein and that of costal vein, however, also brownish, with distinct and dark spot-like infuscations at base of third longitudinal vein, on apical cross veins of basal cells, at bases of veins separating discoidal and third posterior cells and submarginal cells, on apical cross vein of discoidal cell and to a variable extent at apex of first posterior cell, with the basal comb white, with the discal cross vein at about middle, or slightly beyond middle, of discoidal cell, with a tendency for vein between discoidal and third posterior cells to be sharply bent at its base and sometimes provided where with an indication of a stump, with the squamae opaquely yellowish and fringed with white hair; halteres yellowish to yellowish brown, with very pale yellowish to almost whitish knobs. Head with the eyes in gg separated above on vertex by a space nearly or quite 2 times as broad as ocellar tubercle, with the interocular space in 99 on vertex a little more than 3 to about 34 times as broad as tubercle; frons not depressed in 99; antennae with joint | in- A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 271 crassate, sub-barrel-shaped or spindle-shaped, slightly knobbly below where bristles are inserted, sometimes more so towards apical part below, with the upper apical part of the joint slightly produced, quite 4, or even a little more, times as long as 2 along dorsal part, with 2 produced apically above to a variable extent, with joint 3 subequal to or slightly longer than joints 1 and 2 combined, distinctly club-shaped, markedly thickened basally and broadest just before base, then rapidly narrowed apically into a long slender part, which is slightly OY 47 TExt-F1c. 71.—Side view and half of ventral view of hypopygium of ¢ of Bombylius volucer n. sp. dilated and pallid at apex, the apex ending in a slender style; pro- boscis about 3-4 mm. long. Legs without any hairs on femora below and with the front femora unarmed below; middle ones with 2 or 3 spines on antero-lateral aspect; hind femora with about 6-9 slender spines below from near base to apex; claws gradually arcuately curved, with the pulvilli in $¢ just about reaching or just falling short of middle of claws, shorter in 92 and more confined to base; front tarsal joints in 9° hairy and scarcely much thicker than middle ones. Hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 71) with the basal parts fairly densely, but not long, haired above; beaked apical joints broad in basal half, leaf-shaped, tapering to a slender beak which is directed downwards and slightly outwards; aedeagus with the apical slender 272 Annals of the South African Museum. part projecting very slightly beyond the inner apical angles of basal parts, broad and bell-shaped basally as in spunibarbus; lateral struts slender; basal strut elongate and bat-shaped. Types in the South African Museum. Length of body: about 7-104 mm. Length of wing: about 7-10 mm. Locality.x— Namaqualand: Bowesdorp (Mus. Exp., November 1931) (Types); Garies Distr.; Klip Vlei (Mus. Exp., November 1931). This species is easily recognised by its entirely gleaming silvery or sericeous whitish pubescence, in which respect it can only be confused with leucolasius n. sp. (below) and the various forms of molitor Wied. From leucolasius it may at once be distinguished by the absenee of a yellowish or brownish tuft at apex of abdomen, the characteristically club-shaped third antennal joints, longer pulvilli, ete. From molitor it differs in having club-shaped third antennal joints, incrassate first antennal joints, a tuft of distinct bristles on lower parts of genae, more widely separated eyes in §g, more distinct spots on wings, longer pulvilli, more recumbent and not fine and erect bottle brush- like or puff-like pubescence on abdomen, etc. In nature this species is a very rapid flier. It has the habit of hovering in the air, about four to seven feet above the ground, producing a very high-pitched monotonous hum, darting away with almost lightning rapidity to some other position a little farther away and remaining there station- ary again while producing this hum. When settling in the warm sand or on the flowers of Mesembryanthemums it is a very conspicuous insect. 1 g 3 992 B. leucolasius n. sp. Body black; scutellum in this ¢ also entirely black, but more than hind half in 99 ferruginous red; legs with the femora predominantly black in both sexes, only the extreme apices or knees yellowish brown, with the tibiae dark or darkish in both sexes, almost entirely blackish in 3, more dark brownish in 99, or the undersurfaces in 9° may be even yellowish brownish and the upper surfaces blackish, with the tarsi very dark in g and sometimes more dark brownish in 99 but becoming darker apically in both sexes; pubescence very dense, fluffy and shaggy, especially in 3, long, shaggy and dense on abdomen, with distinct and longish bristles on first antennal joints below, on face, genae and lower parts of genae, the latter, however, not so prominent as in volucer, on occiput, thorax in front, sides of A Revision of the Bombyludae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 273 thorax, on upper part of mesopleuron, on post-alar calli, across hind margin of scutellum and across hind margins of abdomen, where they are very long especially towards apex, with the pubescence predominantly silvery white above and less gleaming and more frosty white below, with the bristly hairs on ocellar tubercle and basal part and sides of frons very dark blackish brown or coffee brownish in both sexes, with the bristles and hair in g predominantly white, the bristles on post-alar calli and those towards apex of abdomen slightly yellowish or appearing more yellowish in certain lights, and with the hairs at apex of abdomen in ¢ also yellowish, with the stoutish bristles on thorax in front and on sides, on post-alar calli and on scutellum in 99 even distinctly more reddish yellow, those transversely on sides of abdomen in 92 and especially apically con- spicuous, dark blackish brown and tipped yellowish and with the apical tuft of hairs in 99 also dark blackish brown, with the rest of the pubescence in 99 as in J silvery whitish, with the scaling on legs silvery whitish and with the spines and spicules in both sexes very pale, pallid or very pale yellowish and in some specimens the spicules on tibiae are almost whitish; wings vitreous hyaline, becoming milky whitish in basal half, the base, costal cell and alula being more subopaquely whitish, with basal comb black, but with white scales above and a tuft of longish white hairs over it, with the veins very dark blackish brown, becoming black towards apical parts of wings, with black spot-like infuscations at fork of second and third longi- tudinal veins, on apical cross veins of basal cells, at base of second submarginal cell and a very faint one at base of third posterior cell, with the discal cross vein very much beyond middle of discoidal cell, with the squamae subopaquely whitish, black-bordered and fringed with long and dense sericeous white hairs; halteres yellowish brown to brownish, with very dark blackish brown knobs in both sexes. Head with the interocular space on vertex in g broad, at least 1} times as broad as broad tubercle, about 3 times as broad as tubercle in 99; frons slightly convex in ¢ and with a slight medial depression in 99; face broadish, but not projecting, densely covered with hairs and intermixed bristles; antennae with joint 1 distinctly thickened and in ¢ even distinctly incrassate, thickest across middle, about 3, or a very little more, times as long as 2, with the lower surface of it in ¢ knobbly or tubercular, the tubercles bearing long stoutish bristles, less knobbly in 99, with joint 2 slightly longer than broad, with at least one blackish short bristle above in addition to white hairs, evident in the 99, with joint 3 slender, elongate, quite 1} times 274 Annals of the South African Museum. as long as 1 and 2 combined and more slender in d, relatively shorter in 99, arising from a broadish base in both sexes, then narrowed, becoming broader again at about the middle before gradually narrow- ing to apex, ending in a shortish and feeble style, with the upper surface showing traces of white scaling; proboscis about 34-4 mm. long, rather stoutish; palps short, black and distinctly 2-jointed. Abdomen in 3 with the apical angles of last sternite angularly produced. Legs with longish hairs on femora below, especially in 3, without any TExtT-FIG. 72.—Side and ventral views of hypopygium of $ of Bombylius leucolasius n. sp. spines on front femora below but with some lateral spines apically on each side; front and middle femora also narrowed apically; middle femora in addition to subapical spines with 1 or 2 spines in front; hind femora with about 10-11 long, slender spines from about middle to apex in g more or less arranged in two irregular rows, in 22 with about 5-7 longish spines in a single row; tibiae with the spicules markedly long; claws slender, long, almost straight, with the pulvilli wanting in 99, vestigial and scarcely visible at extreme base of claws in 3. Hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 72) with a distinct and conspicuous lobe-like or tongue-shaped, apically projecting, ventral process below aedeagus; beaked apical joints slightly broadened, shaped as shown to right of middle figure and depressed above. 3 Types in the South African Museum. A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 275 Length of body: about 8-11 mm. Length of wing: about 7-10 mm. Locality.—_N.W. Karoo: Calvinia (Mus. Exp., Sept. 1936). This beautifully white-haired species can only be confused with volucer n. sp., molitor Wied. and its varieties and with minusculus n. sp. From minusculus it may at once be distinguished by its very much larger size, non-fimbriate hairs and black legs. From volucer, which it resembles in the incrassate first antennal joints in ¢ and broad interocular space in g, it may be readily distinguished in both sexes by its almost entirely dark or black legs, black femora at least, non- club-like third antennal joints, black basal comb, black veins in wings, a discal cross vein which is very much beyond middle of discoidal cell, different hypopygium, more reduced pulvilli and distinctly more produced apical angles of last sternite in g. From molitor and its varieties it may be distinguished by the broader interocular space in g, more incrassate first antennal joints, pre- dominantly black femora and even darker tibiae, much darker and black veins in wings, the discal cross vein much beyond middle of discoidal cell, black basal comb, dark blackish brown knobs to halteres and more angularly produced apical angles of last sternite in 3. B. peringueyt Bezz. CE aa Ann. 5. Ate. Mus. vol. xvuix Pl. 1, fig. 6;,1921.) This and the following two species with their varieties are peculiar in that the pubescence on abdomen is very dense and fine, standing up erect, puff-lke or bottle brush-like, that on facial region, though dense and shaggy, has fewer bristles on face in front and on lower parts of genae. There are no distinct and stout projecting bristles. The first antennal joints are not markedly incrassate and the third joints are not club-shaped. The discal cross vein is much before middle of discoidal cell and the spot-like infuscations on cross veins and other veins are fewer and less conspicuous and the pulvilli are almost invisible or wanting in both sexes. In all these characters these species differ from the previous spinibarbus, angulosus and volucer-seties. This species peringueyi is one of the most beautiful species of Bombylius and is easily recognised by the fine puff-like pubescence on the abdomen, which is for the greater part strikingly snow or frosty white, but that on tergite 1 and at apex of abdomen in $¢ and on tergite 1 and at apex and also on tergites 4 and 5 in 99 deep chocolate 276 Annals of the South African Museum. brownish, that on thorax above and scutellum in gd appearing chocolate brown from above, more gleaming pale golden brownish from side, that on front part even more gleaming whitish in some specimens, that on thorax above in 92 appearing more greyish brown from above, but from side that in front is more gleaming whitish and that discally more gleaming fulvous, that on pleurae in 3g fulvous, more brownish on coxae and touched with whitish along middle, in $2 with distinctly more whitish pubescence on pleurae, that on facial region and head below in both sexes chalky or cretaceous white, with the bristles on thorax in front and sides in front of wings reddish or reddish brown in both sexes, those on posterior calli and on scutellum darker and more chocolate brownish, those on occiput yellowish in 99 and | more whitish in $4, those on face in gd gleaming whitish, more yellowish in 99, those Tuxt-ric. 73.—Side view and half of ventral transversely across hind view of hypopygium of ¢ Bombylius perin- margins of tergites gleaming gueyt Bezz. whitish in white-haired parts and dark brownish or chocolate brownish across tergites with chocolate coloured pubescence, the bases of individual dark coloured bristles being, however, yellowish, those on venter whitish in basal part and yellowish, but brown-tipped, on sides and towards apex; wings greyish hyaline, but with a faint, but distinct, greyish reddish tinge in certain lights due to reddish brown veins, the costal cell and base subopaquely pale yellowish, the basal parts in Jd with even a more distinct pale yellowish brownish tinge, with very faint and scarcely perceptible spot-like infuscations at base of third longitudinal vein and on apical cross veins of basal cells, with the basal comb chocolate brownish in ¢¢ and sometimes more fulvous brownish in 99, with the discal cross vein much before middle of discoidal cell, with the squamae opaquely yellowish brown to yellowish and fringed with fulvous hairs in gg and paler, more yellowish hair in 99; halteres with pale yellowish knobs, sometimes more yellowish brown in gd. Head with the eyes in 3¢ separated above by a space a little broader A Revision of the Bombylidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 277 than the ocellar tubercle, the interocular space on vertex in 9? quite 3 times as broad as tubercle; antennae with joint 1 slender, quite 3 times as long as 2, appearing slightly longer in 99, with joint 3 rod-like, gradually tapering apically, broadest a little before base and ending apically in a minute stylar element; proboscis about 4-5 mm. long. Legs with the femora darkened in 3¢ to beyond or much beyond middle, only basally in 99, the hind ones being pre- dominantly dark in both sexes, with the tibiae and tarsi predominantly yellowish in both sexes, with about 2 or 3 spines on inner side and 2 or 3 on outer side apically on front femora; middle ones with about 2-4 spines in front and some apical spines on sides; hind femora with about 8-11 well-developed spines below from near base to apex in addition to lateral apical spines; claws slender, almost straight and in both sexes without any distinctly visible pulvili; tibiae with rather numerous spicules; front tarsal joints in 99 not modified. Hypo- pyguum of 3 (text-fig. 73) with the inner apical angles of basal parts very prominent, rounded apically; beaked apical joints, elongate, but broadened and leaf-like, acute apically; aedeagus without a process below. In the Transvaal and South African Museums. Length of body: about 10-12 mm. Length of wing: about 104-114 mm.. Locality.— Karoo, Namaqualand and Bushmanland. B. mgripecten Bezz. (P. 32, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. xvi, 1921.) In addition to the g-type there are 3 99 in the South African Museum. As the 9 of this species is still undescribed, the following supplementary description may be added to Bezzi’s description :— Body in 992 black as on 3, the abdomen above, however, entirely black and without red on the sides as in g; legs with the femora blackened to much beyond middle in both sexes, only the apices yellowish, the tibiae and tarsi predominantly yellowish, only apical parts of tarsi darkened and claws predominantly black; pubescence dense and fine, that on abdomen, as in peringueyz, dense, fine, erect and pufi-like, the bristles on antennae below and on face in front not very long as in spinibarbus-series and without a tuft of bristles on lower parts of genae, pubescence predominantly gleaming sericeous or silvery white above on occiput and thorax in both sexes, that on face, genae, head below, entire pleural parts and base of venter on VOL. XXXIV. 19 278 Annals of the South African Museum. each side snow or frosty whitish, that on tergites 2, 3 and 6 in 99 conspicuously sericeous white, that on scutellum in both sexes gleaming pale yellowish brown or fulvous, that across tergite 1 in both sexes slightly more fulvous brownish, that across tergites 4, 5 and 7 in 29 pale yellowish, but tipped dark chocolate brownish, with, however, shortish snow white, erect hair-like scaling across the hind margins of most of the tergites visible as a sort of undergrowth, with the pubescence on abdomen in g more predominantly whitish, only that across tergite 5 tipped chocolate brownish, the pubescence on ocellar tubercle and sides of frons basally in both sexes yellowish brownish, with the bristly elements on antennae below and face in both sexes gleaming whitish, those on thorax in front and sides, on upper parts of mesopleuron, post-alar calli and scutellum very pale yellowish or tinted yellowish in g, deeper golden yellowish to reddish golden in 29, with the stoutish bristles on abdomen in ¢ on tergites 3 to 5 yellowish and with their apical halves brownish, those across basal tergites much paler and tinted pale yellowish and those apically more whitish, with all the transverse bristles across hind margins of all the tergites from 2 in 99 chocolate brown, only their bases yellowish, these bristles longer towards apex of abdomen, with the bristles on venter also chocolate brown, their bases yellowish and more so in 6, the scaling on legs dense and gleaming white; wings in ¢ tinged rather deeply yellowish brownish up to end of costal cell and across middle of marginal, first submarginal and first posterior cells, across apical part of discoidal cell to anal cell, the infuscation, however, not well marked off but imperceptibly merging into more hyaline apical and posterior parts, the base of costal cell and base of wings more subopaquely yellowish brown, the wings more greyish hyaline in 99, only the base, costal cell, and basal half of first basal cell being more subopaquely tinged yellowish, with distinct brownish spot-like in- fuscations at base of third longitudinal vein, on apical cross veins of basal cells and indistinctly at bases of the veins separating discoidal and third posterior cells and the 2 submarginal cells and sometimes even faintly on apical cross vein of discoidal cell, all these infuscations apparently more distinct in 3, with the veins reddish brown, slightly darker towards apical part of wings, with the discal cross vein just before middle of discoidal cell sometimes tending to be even at about middle, with the basal comb black, with the squamae opaquely yellowish, dark bordered and fringed with whitish to pale creamy hairs, including a few brownish bristly elements; halteres yellowish brown to brownish and with pale yellowish to sometimes slightly A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 279 yellowish brownish knobs. Head with the eyes in ¢ separated above by the width of ocellar tubercle, the space in 9° about 34-31 times as broad as tubercle; antennae with joint 1 slender, not thickened, quite 4, or even a little more, times as long as 2, with 3 only about 1+ times as long as 1 and 2 combined, almost rod-like, the apical third being more slender; proboscis about 4 mm. long. Legs with longish hairs on femora below basally, longer in 3, without any visible spines on front ones below; middle femora with about 2 spines in front below and hind femora with about 7-9 spines below from near base to apex; claws slender, substraight and with the pulvilli wanting in both sexes; front tarsal joints in 9? slightly more hairy than middle ones but scarcely thicker, practically un- modified. Hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 74) re- sembles that of peringueyt and molitor in having comparatively elongate beaked apical joints and prominently rounded and slightly produced inner apical angles of basal parts; aedeagus with the slender apical part nearly reaching level of the inner apical angles of basal parts, with the basal rim, connecting the rami on each side, sharply and flatly projecting like a ventral aedeagal process. In the South African Museum. Length of body: about 9-10 mm. Length of wing: about 82-94 mm. Locality.—Namaqualand: Bushmanland. TEXxtT-FIG. 74.—Side view and half of ventral view of hypopygium of ¢ Bombylius nigripecten Bezz. 3 6d 5 99 B. nigripecten var. conctutus nu. From the typical forms of nigripecten this new variety differs in being smaller, in having the entire abdomen black, without even an indication of reddish on sides in $4, with the venter also much darker 280 Annals of the South African Museum. and only obscurely brownish along middle in gg; scutellum in both sexes also less extensively reddish, only obscurely dark reddish discally or towards hind margin; pubescence with the bristles on sides of thorax darker, deeper or more brownish yellow to even dark brownish, those on abdomen chocolate brownish but with less of their bases yellowish and with some discally on tergite 2 yellowish and not dark brownish, with the hair or bristly hairs on frons, scutellum, sides of tergite 1 and sides of tergites 4 and 5 slightly darker and more chocolate brownish than in nigripecten, those on tergites 4 and 5 distinctly tipped more brownish; wings less distinctly tinged yellowish brownish in 34, less subopaque, more greyish hyaline, only slightly subopaque towards base and subopaquely yellowish in costal cell, the infuscations on cross veins also much less distinct in 33, only the basal 3 and the one at base of vein separating the sub- marginal cells being perceptible, with the discal cross vein also tending to be nearer base than middle of discoidal cell. Head with antennal joint 1 about 4 times as long as 2, with joint 3 slightly more slender and rod-like than in the typical form and with the interocular space in 99 sometimes quite 33 times as broad as tubercle; proboscis slightly shorter, only about 2-2; mm. long (3-4 mm. in typical nigripecten). Legs with about 5-7 spines on hand femora below (7-9 in mgripecten). Types in the South African Museum, paratypes in the Imperial Institute of Entomology and in the British Museum. Length of body: about 7-73 mm. Length of wing: about 63-7 mm. Locality.—Nieuwveld Karoo: Victoria W.—Beaufort West. Distr. (Mus. Staff, Oct. 1935) (Types). C. Karoo: Graaff-Reinet (Ogilvie, 24-27/10/31). 8. Karoo: N.E. of Touw’s River (Turner, 26/10/28). B. molitor Wied. (P. 632, Aussereurop. Zweifl. Ins. Dipt. 11, 1830; Bezzi, p. 34, Ann. S. Afr. Mus., vol. xvii, 1921; Paramonow, p. 73, Trav. Mus. Zool. Kiev, No. 11, 1931; as syn. argentifer Walk., p. 276, List. Dipt. Brit. Mus., part ul, 1849; Bezzi according to specimens labelled by Bigot, p. 34, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. xvii.) Wiedemann’s description of this species, supplemented by Para- monow’s description of Wiedemann’s type 3 and other specimens, shows beyond doubt that Walker’s argentifer is a synonym of molitor. Bezzi (p. 61, The Bombyliidae of the Ethiopian Region, 1924) also A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 281 refers in a footnote to Speiser’s contention that the two species are identical. The species is easily recognisable by its entirely snow white pubescence and milky whitish tinted wings, only the hair on ocellar tubercle and base of frons on each side being slightly brownish in $g and the pubescence on tergites 4-7 in some 9-varieties is slightly yellowish or tipped brownish. The pubescence on abdomen is characteristic for this series, and is dense, fine, erect and puff-like or bottle brush-like. The spot-like infuscations in wings at base of third longitudinal vein and on apical cross veins of basal cells are fainter and much less distinct than in other white-haired species of Bom- bylius. The legs have the femora entirely yellowish or they may be darkened or blackened to beyond middle in both sexes, their apices and the tibiae and tarsi being yellowish, with the claws sub- straight and the pulvilli wanting in both sexes. The head has the eyes in $9 Text-ric. 75.—Side view and half of ventral separated above by width of eee on Ys ocellar tubercle, the inter- ocular space in 99 quite 3 times as broad as ocellar tubercle; antennae with joint 1 slender, slightly more than 3 times as long as 2, with 3 rod-like and only slightly tapering apically; face and antennae below with stoutish bristles, but without a brush or tuft of stout bristles on lower parts of genae; proboscis about 3-45 mm. long, entirely black. Hypopygium of $ (text-fig. 75) is much like that of nigripecten, but the hair on basal parts is slightly more dense and longer towards the neck region above; beaked apical joints slightly shorter and their apices shorter and less sharp; aedeagus slightly shorter and its basal part less elongate, the lip-like process below projecting slightly more and the basal strut slightly narrower and more rounded posteriorly. The species appears to be slightly variable especially in the presence or absence of yellowish pubescence on abdomen or yellowish bristly elements on body. Some 99 especially differ from the typical and entirely white-haired 9? in having some yellowish and dark-tipped 282 Annals of the South African Museum. pubescence at apical part of abdomen and in some specimens especi- ally on tergites 4 and 5 or 4-7. The wings in some $9 with such dark hairs also show more distinct and slightly more conspicuous spot-like infuscations, and in addition to the usual three spots also faint ones at bases of veins between discoidal and third posterior ~ cells and the 2 submarginal cells and the basal comb may be slightly yellowish. The sides of abdominal segments may also be reddish in such 9? as they may be in some gd, the femora being entirely yellowish in both sexes. There is also a single g specimen from Okahandja in the British Museum which differs from the typical 3g in having the bristles in front of wings on each side, those on post- alar calli and on scutellum distinctly tinted yellowish, in having the Spines on legs also slightly more yellowish, the extreme sides of abdomen and venter apically tending to be reddish, etc. The slight varieties are separated by the essential characters given in the key. This species can only be confused with minusculus, volucer and leucolasius. From minusculus it can at once be distinguished by its much larger size, non-fimbriate and gleaming pubescence, more slender first antennal joints and absence of pulvilli. From volucer it is distinguished by the slender first antennal joints, the rod-like and not club-like third antennal joints, the absence of stoutish bristles on lower parts of genae, the less spotted wings in which discal cross vein is before middle of discoidal cell and the absence of pulvilli. From leucolasius it may be distinguished by the non-incrassate first antennal joints, the absence of long bristles on first antennal joints below, the much paler wing-venation, the fewer and less conspicuous spots in wings in which the discal cross vein is also before middle, not very much beyond middle, of discoidal cell, the absence of black transverse bristles on abdomen in 92, and the paler or yellowish tibiae, etc. In the British and South African Museums. Length of body: about 7-10 mm. Length of wing: about 7-10 mm. Locality—South Western Cape Province, Karoo, Namaqualand and South West Africa. 1G 1 2 8. beez10 un. sp. (Syn. =molitor Bezz. nec Wied., p. 34, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. xviii, 1921.) These specimens were referred to molitor Wied. by Bezzi. A careful comparison of these specimens with Wiedemann’s description A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 283 of moltor (p. 632, Aussereurop. Zweifl. Ins. Dipt., ii, 1830) shows that these insects are entirely different. Wiedemann states that his $-specimen is entirely covered with white hair, has vehreous yellowish legs and uninfuscated wings, whereas in the above specimens there are dark bristles across the tergites, tufts of chocolate brownish hair on sides of abdomen, the entire femora are blackened and the wings in the ¢ are tinged yellowish brownish in costal cell and more or less in the basal half. In view of these differences and other important characters, I propose to refer these specimens provisionally to Bombylius and to a separate and distinct species bezzi1 having the following characters :— Body black, with the hind part or half of scutellum reddish brown, the medial part of sternites reddish brown, more extensive in 4, with the hind margins of sternites ivory whitish, with the apical parts of third antennal joints yellowish; legs with the femora in both sexes black, only their apices yellowish, the tibiae and tarsi yellowish, but the hind tibiae tending to be more brownish yellow above, the apices of tarsi also slightly more brownish and the greater part of claws blackish, with the spines and spicules on legs pallid or very pale yellowish; pubescence on the whole shortish, that on thorax above, apart from the bristly elements, fine, shortish and recumbent, sparse discally, that on abdomen denser and slightly longer in ¢ than in 9, the bristles on abdomen in 2 longer than pub- escence and apically even longer, the fine hairs towards apex in both sexes longer than basally, with the pubescence on facial region dense and predominantly in form of scales or scale-like hairs, the pub- escence on face relatively shortish, the bristly elements round upper part of buccal cavity fewer and shorter than in the spinebarbus, angulosus and volucer-series, and the lower parts of genae with only hairs and without a brush of stiff bristles, the pubescence on body predominantly white, dull cretaceous or chalky whitish on face and head below and on pleurae and sides of abdomen basally, more gleaming sericeous or silvery whitish above, that basally on tergite 1 tinted yellowish, that in tuft-like patches on sides of tergites 2 and 3 in g and 2-4 in 2 dark chocolate brownish, slightly paler and more fulvous in 3g, with the fine hairs across hind margins discally on tergites 2-3 in ¢ pale yellowish brownish, in 2 much paler discally and with a more silvery sheen, the pubescence on venter in 9 fulvous brownish, but much paler in g and with denser snow whitish pubescence on each side of venter basally, with the bristly hairs on ocellar tubercle and basal part of frons yellowish in g, much darker and chocolate 284 | Annals of the South African Museum. brownish in 9, with the bristles on thorax in front in $ yellowish or gleaming pale golden yellowish, those on post-alar calli and scutellum in ¢ slightly deeper yellowish, the bristles on occiput, thorax and scutellum in 9 reddish brown and those transversely on all the tergites in © dark reddish brown to chocolate brownish, those towards apex being intermixed with white ones, with the transverse bristles across tergites 2 and 3 in 3 pale yellowish brown and those towards apex entirely white like rest of pubescence there, with the bristles on venter very dark chocolate brown in both sexes, with the scaling along the centre of abdomen above and concentrated in apical part in 2 snow white, visible as a central stripe, with the dense scaling around eyes chalky whitish, the finer scaling across vertex in @ dull yellowish brownish, with the dense scaling on legs chalky or cretaceous whitish; wings vitreous hyaline, more extensively so in 92, with the base, costal cell and from its end obliquely across to about middle of anal cell in g distinctly tinged subopaquely pale yellowish brownish, but with only the base, costal cell and more or less basal half of first basal cell in 9 subopaquely yellowish, with the basal comb yellowish in g, chocolate brownish in 9, with the veins reddish brown, but paler and more yellowish in infuscated area, the first longitudinal vein yellowish, with distinct dark brownish spot-like infuscations at base of third longitudinal vein, on apical cross veins of basal cells, at bases of veins separating the discoidal and third posterior cells and submarginal cells, on apical cross vein of discoidal cell and faintly at apex of first posterior cell, with the discal cross vein very near base of discoidal cell, making first basal cell only a little longer than second one, with a tendency for vein between submarginal cells to be sharply bent at its base and there with an indication of a short stump, with the squamae opaquely yellowish and fringed with white hair; halteres yellowish brown or brownish and with pale yellowish knobs. Head remarkably broad, quite as broad as or even slightly broader than broadest part of thorax, rotundately rounded in front, especially in 9; eyes comparatively large and convex in 6, the inter- ocular space at narrowest part above about as broad as front part of ocellar tubercle, the upper facets markedly coarser than lower ones and rather well marked off from finer ones in lower part, with the eyes smaller in 2 and remarkably broadly separated on vertex, the interocular space being quite 64 times as broad as tubercle; frons remarkably broad in 9, transverse and convex; facial region very broad in 2 and in g also relatively broader than in other species of Bombylius; antennae with joint 1 slender, quite 4 times as long as 2 A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 285 and without long and stoutish bristles below as in preceding species, with 2 only slightly longer than broad, its upper apical part only slightly prominent, with 3 more or less club-shaped, thickened in basal half, the apical half being slender, ending in a fine, slender stylar element; proboscis about 4 mm. long; palps shortish and slightly clavate apically, separate joints not being visible. Legs with shortish, but distinct, hairs on femora below basally, apparently without any spines below on front femora; middle ones with about 3 spines in front; hind ones with about 5-6 spines below from just before middle to apex; claws gradually arcu- ately curved, the pulvill in 3 just falling short of middle of claws, confined to base in Q. Hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 76) with the inner apical angles of basal parts prominently projecting and the outer apical angles equally pro- minent; beaked apical joints broadened in basal half, leaf-shaped, tapering apically, Txt-ric. 76.—Side view and half of ventral the apical beak turned out- Pe: hypopygium of g¢ Bombylius bezzuw wards, with a foveate depres- | sion above in basal half of joints; aedeagus with the apex not reaching level of inner apical parts of basal parts, with the basal halt more or less tumid on each side; lateral struts slender and rod-like; basal strut feebly developed. Types in the South African Museum. Length of body: about 9-104 mm. Length of wing: about 9-10 mm. Locality Namaqualand (Bushmanland): Jakhals Water (Light- foot, Oct. 1911) (Holotype); Henkries (Lightfoot, Oct. 1911) (Allotype). This is a very remarkable species of Bombylius and is easily recog- nised by the very broad head, very broad interocular space in Q, broad facial region, the chocolate brownish transverse bristles across entire abdomen in ? and across tergites in basal half in g and tufts of dark pubescence on sides of abdomen in both sexes and by the discal cross vein which is nearer base of discoidal cell than in the 286 Annals of the South African Museum. majority of other species of Bombylius. This species and the following species anastoechoides n. sp. appear to represent bridging or transi- tional species between Bombylius and Anastoechus, agreeing with the former in having the first basal cell not exactly equal to second basal cell in length and with the latter in having a broad head, broad interocular space in 9, broad frons and the general nature of the pubescence which is distinctly more like that of Anastoechus. There is even a superficial resemblance between these species and species of Anastoechus, such as erinaceus and macrophthalmus. In fact if characters, such as a remarkably broad head, frons and interocular space and general nature of pubescence alone be taken as diagnostic characters of Anastoechus and not the position of the discal cross vein in wings, both this and the following species ought to be included in the genus Anastoechus. Both these species are found in a very interesting ecological environment in which the vegetation is pre- dominantly or almost entirely composed of succulents, Mesembry- anthemums and xerophytic plants, usually of small stature, where there is much aridity and barrenness, high diurnal temperatures, a low humidity and a very low rainfall. 1 g B. anastoechoides n. sp. Black; antennal joint 1 to a large extent especially below, face, more than hind half of scutellum, the hind margins of tergites on extreme sides of abdomen below and the hind margins of venter ferruginous or reddish yellow; legs with the femora black, their apices yellowish, with the front and middle tibiae predominantly yellowish, the hind tibiae predominantly dark brownish or blackish, only the bases slightly more yellowish, with the hind tarsi pre- dominantly dark, the greater part of front and middle ones yellowish, only the apical part dark and the claws dark, with the spicules and spurs on tibiae pallid and the spines on the femora more golden yellowish; pubescence very dense and shortish, very dense and Anastoechus-like on facial region, body below and on venter, that on face, sides of face and genae frosty white and in form of distinct white bristles on first antennal joints below, on face and genae inter- mixed with denser scale-like hairs, with the flattened scaling behind eyes and dense pubescence on head below also frosty white, the dense woolly pubescence on pleurae, coxae and the pubescence on venter frosty white, the hairs on occiput, the more or less depressed ones on thorax in front, sides of thorax, on scutellum and on tergite 1 A Revision of the Bombylidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 287 also white but distinctly gleaming silvery whitish, the dense erect hairs on ocellar tubercle and basal part of frons dark coffee brownish, with the shortish depressed pubescence on disc of thorax (where not denuded), especially along sides and also along extreme sides in front of wings gleaming brownish golden, with the stoutish bristles on occiput, front part and sides of thorax, on upper part of mesopleuron in front of wings, the macrochaetal bristles, a few bristles on each side above wings and the last two bristles on post-alar calli dark reddish brown, one macrochaetal bristle in front of wing-base and most of those on post-alar calli, however, white, with the mesopleural bristles just below wing-base predominantly whitish but with some pale yellowish intermixed ones, with the metapleural tuft pale yellowish, with the pubescence on abdomen dense and long, long and tuft-like apically, predominantly white, but with a tuft of pale yellowish brown hair and blackish brown bristly hairs on each side across hind margins of tergites 2 and 3 and a transverse band of gleaming brownish golden hair-like scaling across hind margins of tergites 2 and 3, with the stoutish transverse bristles across hind margins of tergites white, but those on sides of tergites 2 and 3 and some on sides of 4 dark blackish brown, with the bristles on venter whitish and with the flattened scaling on legs white; wings with the well-developed basal comb blackish brown but covered with white hair-like scaling, with the basal half of wings up to end of costal cell and across apical cross veins of basal cells to apical part of anal cell yellowish brownish, becoming more subopaquely whitish towards base and in costal cell, with the rest of the wings milky whitish, the milky white occurring broadly along each side of the veins, the middle parts of the cells thus appearing darker and more greyish, with the veins blackish brown, becoming more brownish or yellowish along apical part of costal vein, along first longitudinal vein, at base and along vein between second basal and anal cells, with faint, but distinct, spot-like darkish infusions at apex of costal cell, on apical cross veins of basal cells, at apex of anal cell, at base of third posterior cell, on apical cross vein of discoidal cell, at base of second sub- marginal cell and to a lesser extent at end of second longitudinal vein, with the discal cross vein much before middle of discoidal cell, the discoidal cell narrowish and truncate apically, with a tendency for vein between submarginal cells to be rapidly bent down at right angles at its base to meet the first posterior cell and to be provided at this bend with a short stump, the alula yellowish brown like basal half of wing, but fringed with white hairs, with the squamae sub- 288 Annals of the South African Museum. opaquely pale yellowish, brownish-bordered and fringed with white hairs which gleam creamy yellowish in certain lights; halteres yellowish brown, with the cup of knob ivory yellowish, but lower part of knob more brownish. Head very broad and across eyes scarcely narrower than across broadest part of thorax, with the eyes broadly separated above, much broader than the ocellar tubercle, about 2 times as broad as tubercle, with the upper facets of eyes only a little coarser than those in lower half; frons large, rapidly Trxt-Fic. 77.—Side and ventral views of hypopygium of ¢ Bombylius anastoechoides n. sp. broadening apically; sides of face and upper parts of genae very broad; face broad and rounded; buccal cavity broad; proboscis longish and stoutish, about 6 mm. long; palps yellowish, short and stoutish; antennae with joint 1 shortish, only about 2 times as long as 2, with 3 constricted ring-like at base, club-shaped, broadest in slightly less than basal half, then narrow straight and slender to apex, the terminal style fine and directed upwards. Legs without any spines below on front femora; middle femora with about 3 spines in apical half in front and 1 small one behind; hind femora with about 7 spines on outer side below from near base to apex and 1 or 2 on inner side apically, the apical one of which is prominent and with sometimes 2 subapical spines on outer side above; claws substraight, only slightly curved, slender, with the pulvilli much reduced, vestigial and confined to base of claws and scarcely visible. Hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 77) differs from that of bezzii in having the beaked apical joints differently shaped, the outer apical part being angularly produced, giving the joint a spanner-like shape, A Revision of the Bombylidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 289 and the inner and outer apical angles of basal parts not so produced as in bezzi. Type in the South African Museum. Length of body: about 10 mm. Length of wing: about 10} mm. Locality.—Namaqualand: Knersvlakte, between Van Rhynsdorp and Nieuwe Rust (Mus. Exp., Nov. 1936). Superficially this insect bears a marked resemblance to species of Anastoechus, from which genus it may, however, be at once dis- tinguished by the longer first basal cell. Its position in the genus Bombylius is nevertheless anomalous, and together with bezzii it appears to be transitional between Bombylius and Anastoechus, and is provisionally placed in the former. From the ¢ of bezzii it differs in having a broader interocular space on vertex, shorter first antennal joints, in having the basal halves of wings more distinctly yellowish brown and the apical halves more milky whitish along the veins, in having distinctly more reduced pulvilli, etc. The following species, described from Southern Africa, have not been included in the above key and descriptions, owing to the fact that they are either not represented in any of the collections before me or, if represented, have been unwittingly redescribed by me and other authors, due to the very unsatisfactory and misleading original descriptions. The descriptions of older authors, such as Walker and especially Macquart, who described quite a number of Cape species, are so brief and inadequate that identification of their species is impossible without an examination of the original types, if these are still in existence. There is no doubt that many of Macquart’s descriptions of large and bulky Cape species may possibly refer to some of the more common forms referred to group 3 and which have been described by Fabricius, Wiedemann, Loew and Bezzi:— B. albwentris Macq., p. 87, Dipt. Exot. u, Table VI, fig. 5 and Table VII, fig. 5, 1840. B. aurantiacus Macq., p. 89, Dipt. Exot. 1, Table VI, fig. 2 and Table VII, fig. 5, 1840. B. bifidus Bezz., p. 61, The Bombyhidae of the Ethiopian Region, 1924. B. dimidiatus Macq., p. 90, Dipt. Exot. u, Table VII, fig. 5, 1840 (?=hypoleucus Wied. or melanurus Lw.). B. flaviceps Macq., p. 88, Dipt. Exot. 1, Table VI, fig. 4 and Table VII, fig. 5, 1840. 290 Annals of the South African Museum. B. flavus Macq., p. 96, Dipt. Exot. 11, Table VII, fig. 5, 1840. B. inornatus Walk., p. 278, List. Dipt. Brit. Mus., u, 1849 (2 S. Africa). B. ruficeps Macq., p. 88, Dipt. Exot. 1, Table VII, fig. 5, 1840. B. rufus Macq., p. 91, Dipt. Exot. u, Table VI, fig. 5 and Table VII, fig. 3, 1840 (? =eurhinatus Bezz.). B. simplicipennis Bezz., p. 59, The Bombyliudae of the Ethiopian Region, 1924. B. tinctus Walk., p. 277, List. Dipt. Brit. Mus., 1, 1849 (28. Africa). Gen. Anastoechus Ost. Sack. (P. 251, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., mi, 1877; Becker, p. 50, Ann. Mus: Nat. Hung., vol. xiv, pt. 1, 1916; Bezzi, p. 46, Ann. 8. Af Mus., vol. xviii, 1921 and p. 72, The Bombylidae of the Ethiopian Region, 1924; Paramonow, p. 74, Mem. Acad. d. Sc. de l’Ukraine, tom. xv, livr. 3, 19380; Engel, p. 287, Die Fliegen. d. Pal. Reg. Lief., 87 (Bombylidae), 1935.) This genus is based ow an American species and was first established by Osten Sacken in 1877. Subsequently Becker and Paramonow referred certain Kuropean and Palaearctic species, originally described as species of Systoechus or Bombylius, to Anastoechus. Becker especially recapitulated a list of differences, based on Osten Sacken’s definition, between Systoechus and Anastoechus (loc. cit., 1916). Wiedemann was the first to describe a South African species, which is referable to Anastoechus (see under rubricosus (Wied.)). Loew (p. 188, Dipt. Faun. Siidafr., 1, 1860) described a species cervinus as belonging to Systoechus and Bezzi subsequently described 10 species from the Ethiopian Region. Together with the new species described in this paper, there are at least 20 species of this genus known from Southern Africa and the Ethiopian Region. Whether the African species are strictly generically identical with the North American ones, on which the genus is based, is a point which can only be cleared up by a comparative study of representatives from not only America but the Palaearctic region as well. Authors, such as Loew and Becker, were at first not at all sure whether Anastoechus should be placed as a synonym of Systoechus or not. Becker (loc. cit., 1916) gave a list of differences between the two genera but also stated that these differences were not always constant in the Palaearctic forms at least. The African forms before me are sufficiently distinct in certain essentials that they may easily be separated from both Bomby- A Revision of the Bombylidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 291 lus and Systoechus. From Bombylius this genus may at once be separated by the position of the discal cross vein in the wing, which is very near base of discoidal cell, making the first basal cell equal in length to the second basal cell, by the broad and squat head, which across the eyes is comparatively broader, as broad or even broader than broadest part of thorax and which is rotundately rounded in front, by the very broad interocular space in many 99 and by the presence of more conspicuous contrasting cretaceous white or chalky white, woolly or scale-like pubescence on body below and by the more conspicuous and longer bristles towards apical part of abdomen. The beaked apical joints of the hypopygium are also more constantly broad and leaf-shaped, their dorsum foveately hollowed out or depressed. If the wing character be not taken as an essential differ- ence it is evident that there are species of Bombylius which cannot satisfactorily be separated from Anastoechus by the other characters alone. Under Bombylius I have provisionally placed two species bezz11 and anastoechoides which in most of the characters agree with Anastoechus, but in the position of the discal cross vein they agree with some species of Bombylius. They may even be taken as species transitional between Bombylius and Anastoechus. Strictly speaking they should be included in Anastoechus but this would entail a modifi- cation of the generic character relating to the position of the discal cross vein which is constant in position in all the other known Ethiopian and Palaearctic species. From the following genus Systoechus, the genus Anastoechus is more easily separated. Compared with Systoechus it differs in the following essentials:—The head is distinctly broader, at least as broad, or slightly broader than broadest part of thorax, with the interocular space in 92 usually much broader relative to breadth of ocellar tubercle, with the frons in 92 convex and without any trans- verse depression and without a distinct central furrow in 33, these latter two characters have not been mentioned as differences by previous authors; legs with the claws more often almost straight or only feebly or slightly curved, rarely much curved and with the pulvilli in both sexes never extending beyond middle of claws, usually confined to base, but in some $¢ just falling short of middle of claws; wings with the discoidal cell usually broader and more truncate apically, the sides of the cell almost parallel, with the squamae more distinctly bilobed; pubescence on head below and on body below always markedly and contrastingly chalky or cretaceous white. Hypopygium of $3 with the aedeagus never falcate or sickle- 292 Annals of the South African Museum. shaped, its lower part not produced into a sharp keel and never with a stylet-like or rod-like process on each side below (see text-figs. 78-91). Gen. Systoechus Lw. (P. 34, Neue Beitr., in, 1855; Becker, pp. 50 and 60, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., vol. xiv, pt. i, 1916; Bezzi, p. 36, Ann. S. Afr. Mus., vol. xviii, 1921 and p. 62, The Bombylidae of the Ethiopian Region, 1924; Engel, p. 278, Die Fliegen. d. Pal. Reg. Lief., 87 (Bombylidae), 1935.) This genus differs from Bombylius chiefly in having the discal cross vein nearer base of discoidal cell so that the first basal cell is equal in length to the second basal cell in all the known species. In other characters it differs from Bombylius only relatively; the pubescence on body being relatively shorter, less shaggy or bushy, that on abdomen on the whole shorter and less shaggy or tuft-like, the trans- verse bristles less conspicuous and less developed; frons in 99 always with a distinct transverse depression and in $¢ with a central furrow developed to a variable extent; claws on the whole more constantly curved down apically nearer apex and with the claws more constantly extending beyond middle in both sexes. From Anastoechus it is separated by the essentials given above and in the key. From both Bombylius and Anastoechus it differs by the entirely different type of aedeagus or structures associated with the aedeagus in the hypo- pygium of the gg. These differences are very characteristic and very constant in the genus (see text-figs. 92-142). The aedeagus is either sickle-shaped and with a characteristic flattened keel below or the eadeagus is normal but has on each side a stylet-like, rod-like, clavate or even racket-shaped process projecting apically from a girdle-like or bridge-like basal part which is continuous on each side with the lateral ramus to each basal part. The beaked apical joints are usually elongate, narrowish, somewhat laterally compressed and not foveately depressed above. In the following key the species of both Anastoechus and Systoechus are dealt with under separate divisions in the same key, and to make certain that some variable species will be recognised they sometimes occur in different parts of the key. The characters of species of Systoechus are so uniform that even the best of keys are very unsatisfactory, and unless the couplets are practically descriptive it is almost impossible to separate species which are very constant and uniform in external characters. A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 293 The genus Systoechus in Southern Africa is remarkably rich in species, and some species, such as zerophilus n. sp., acridophagus n. sp. and waltont n. sp., are of economical importance in that their larval stages feed on the eggs in the egg-packets of the Brown Trek-locust or Swarm-locust, Locustana pardalina, which has become a serious problem in this country. Key to the S. African species of Anastoechus and Systoechus. A. (B) Head across eyes markedly broad, at least as broad, or slightly broader than broadest part of thorax, with the interocular space in 99 usually conspicuously broad, the frons in 92 without a transverse depression or furrow and without a distinct central furrow in ¢¢; first terminal joint at apex of antennal joint 3 usually not visible, either minute or wanting; legs with the spines and spicules, especially on tibiae, entirely pallid or yellowish, with the claws more often almost straight, only feebly or slightly curved, rarely distinctly much sickle-shaped and with the pulvilli always short, either confined to base, basal third or fourth or in some §g just reaching middle of claws; pubescence on head below and body below markedly and contrastingly frosty or chalky white; proboscis without any distinctly visible spinules on labium below; wings with the discoidal cell very broad apically, truncate, the apical cross vein always long and usually longer than the discal cross vein and with the sides of the cell almost parallel; squamae more distinctly bilobed, the smaller lobe, nearest thorax, being often conspicuous and comparatively large; hypopygium of g¢ (text-figs. 78-91) with the beaked apical joints in many species very broad in basal two-thirds, leaf-shaped, the narrow and pointed beak being very rapidly narrowed from the broadened part, the dorsum of beaked joints foveately hollowed out or depressed, with the aedeagus never falcate and the lateral rami never produced anteriorly on each side of aedeagus into rod-like or stylet- like processes, but only with or without a ventral forwardly produced process at base below and continuous with the lateral part (Anastoechus Ost. Sack.) (p. 347). 1. (36) Pubescence on body not very short, usually long and shaggy in appearance, often long, that on thorax longer, at least not with a very short closely cropped-off appearance, that on occiput, head above, antennal joints and face longer and distinctly more shaggy, more puff-like, not in form of broadish, short and scale-like hairs, and the bristly hairs and bristles on abdomen also longer and more recumbent; antennal joint 1 in g¢ distinctly longer, more than 2 or 24 times as long as joint 2 and in 9° usually more than 3 times as long as 2; face in front distinctly less conically produced, more rounded and always with longish hairs, bristly hairs or even stoutish bristles on face in front and often also on genae; proboscis usually shorter and not much longer than 5 mm.; wings with the vein between anal and axillary cells tending to be straighter for the greater part of its length, with the squamae smaller, less developed VOL. XXXIV. 20 294 Annals of the South African Museum. and the fringe more conspicuous, consisting of longer hairs, as long as, or even much longer than, squaamae_. F seas 2. (23) Antennal joint 3 either club-shaped, the base bene -Equiellly broadened, or rod-like, slender, or merely tapering to apex, not more rapidly narrowed below than above from the broad base to give it a characteristically curved or slightly humped appearance; pubescence on body markedly long and shaggy, that on occiput, frons, antennae and especially on face, sides of face and lower parts of genae shaggy and longish, with numerous long and often stout curved bristles on face in front and on genae and with long bristly hairs or distinct bristles on lower parts of genae, the hair on thorax above with a less obvious cropped-off appearance especially in gg; hypopygium of $¢ (text-figs. 78-84) usually with the beaked apical joints broad in basal two-thirds, depressed or foveately depressed. dorsally and not deeply sunk in between the outer apical and inner apical parts of neck region of basal parts : 3 5, Se 3. (6) Wings with more or less the anterior half pale vollowah iow to brownish yellow up to end, or slightly beyond apex, of marginal cell, with this infuscation extending posteriorly across base of second submarginal cell to include greater part of first posterior cell, extreme base of discoidal cell, into base of fourth posterior cell and basal half of anal cell; pubes- cence predominantly straw-coloured yellowish, creamy yellowish to golden yellow above, with the bristles on face, sides of face and lower parts of genae distinctly more numerous and those on lower parts of genae markedly developed and stout, with the bases of the brownish or purplish brown bristles on abdomen more extensively yellowish; antennal joint 1 and entire legs pale yellowish to pale reddish yellow, the sides of abdomen extensively and broadly, even the hind margins, red, even in 29; interocular space in 99 comparatively narrow, only about 3 times, or only very slightly more, as broad as ocellar tubercle; hind femora with more numerous and often irregularly disposed spines below . 4. 4. (5) Larger forms, about 6-14 mm., mostly golden yellow haired, the body less elongate; red on sides of abdomen and across hind margins more extensive and broader; wings vitreous hyaline in posterior half, with the lower apical part or half of first posterior cell and apical half of anal cell distinctly clear hyaline, without even a faint infuscation along apical stalk of first posterior cell and along vein between third and fourth posterior cells, and the apical part of fourth posterior cell is clear hyaline; legs with more spines, 7-19, on hind femora below; hypopygium with longer and denser hairs along dorsal apical part of basal parts 3 2 deserticolus n. sp. (and forms of it) (p. 347). 5. (4) Smaller form, about 54-7 mm., mostly whitish to pale yellowish haired above, the body more elongate; red on sides of abdomen and across hind margins more reduced, the red margins towards apex less con- spicuous; wings darker, the posterior half distinctly more greyish or cinereous, with a faint infuscation along apical stalk of first posterior cell and along vein between third and fourth posterior cells, with the first posterior cell almost entirely infuscated and apical half of anal cell less clear, the infuscation at apical part of second basal cell, basal half A Revision of the Bombylidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 295 of fourth posterior cell and base of third posterior cell more diffused, almost the entire fourth posterior cell being tinged; legs with apparently fewer spines, 5-8, on hind femora below; hypopygium of ¢ with shorter and less dense hairs along dorsal apical part of basal parts & 2 deserticolus var. coloratus n. (p. 352). 6. (3) Wings not so infuscated, either entirely hyaline, vitreous hyaline or infus- cated in basal half in J¢ or with a darker yellowish or yellowish basal and costal part not distinctly dimidiately marked off; pubescence either frosty or silvery white or sericeous yellowish above or appearing greyish due to an admixture of brownish bristles, with the bristles on face, sides of face, though also dense, slightly less numerous, those on lower parts of genae especially less conspicuous and stout, with the bristles on abdomen either entirely white or less extensively pale at their bases when dark; antennal joint 1 dark or black, rarely entirely pallid or yellowish and when so the hair on body is white; legs usually with the femora blackened or darkened towards bases or even entirely blackish and if not black then at least much darker than tibiae; abdomen entirely black in both sexes or with the red usually confined to sides above in $d or it may even be only obscurely visible apically; interocular space in 99 broader, distinctly very much more than 3 times as broad as tubercle; hind femora with fewer spines below and these usually in a single row : : Brae 7. (14) Pubescence entirely Sleamiiag meee ahi or feosty. white, only the bristly hairs on ocellar tubercle, the bristles on frons being dark blackish brown or deep yellowish, all the bristles on body being silvery whitish; scutellum entirely black or at least obscure brownish and not distinctly ferruginous reddish; wings either hyaline and with a milky whitish tint or when with darker basal half then at least with the rest more hyaline : Neg: 8. (13) Antennal joint 1 longer, more than 3 or 4 times as long as joint 2 and with joint 3 subequal to joints 1 and 2 combined and not tending to be distinctly broadened just before middle; squamae dark or black-bordered and halteres rarely with yellowish knobs; abdomen in both sexes entirely black or dark above; interocular space in 99, in relation to tubercle, about 444 times as broad as tubercle; bristly hairs and bristles on face in front longer, more conspicuous and more shaggy; hind femora usually with more than 5 spines below and these nearer together. Jee eae 9. (12) Interocular space in gg very much narrower, much less than 2 times as broad as ocellar tubercle, in 92 quite 44 times as broad as tubercle; wings in gd, as in 99, entirely hyaline, only the costal cell, base and first basal cell subopaquely whitish : : : = lO: 10. (11) Body above entirely black; antennal joints 1 mide? blackish or at least very dark blackish brown; frons and face black; wings with the veins dark brownish to blackish brown; legs with the femora blackened to near apices; interocular space in gg only very slightly broader than ocellar tubercle; halteres dark brown and with dark knobs; face in dg, from in front, apparently narrower; hypopygium of ¢ (text- fee 195 G) ie. ; : : . 3d Q argyrocomus n. sp. (p. 353). 11. (10) Body above dark romans antennal joints 1 and 2 yellowish, the third black but tipped brownish; frons and face, scutellum and pleural parts 296 Annals of the South African Museum. more reddish brown; wings with the veins more yellowish; legs with the upper surfaces of the femora brownish; interocular space in g about 14 times as broad as tubercle; halteres yellowish, with ivory whitish knobs; face from in front much broader : g nitens n. sp. (p. 355). 12. (9) Interocular space in jg remarkably broad, at least 2 times as broad as broadish tubercle, in 99 only about, or nearly, 4 times as broad as tubercle; wings in §g with a broadish brownish or smoky brownish band across basal halves of marginal, first submarginal, first posterior, discoidal and fourth posterior cells, the base of wings being more sub- opaquely pale yellowish white, in 99 hyaline, but with the costal cell, base and first basal cell slightly pale yellowish white; hypopygium of ¢ (text-fig. 80) . : : ; 3 2 pruinosus n. sp. (p. 356). 13. (8) Antennal joint 1 much shontar only a little more than 3 times as long as joint 2 and 3, distinctly much longer than 1 and 2 combined and tending to be broadest just before middle; squamae yellow-bordered and halteres with very pale yellowish knobs; abdomen in 99° usually with the hind margins of last 2 tergites pallid or reddish; interocular space, in relation to tubercle, nearly or quite 5 times as broad as tubercle; bristly hairs and bristles on face in front shorter and less shaggily conspicuous; hind femora usually with only about 4 or 5 separated spines below 2 leucosoma Bezz. (p. 357). 14. (7) Pubescence not entirely gleaming silvery whitish above, some or numerous dark-tipped, blackish brown or purplish brown or black bristles being present above, on head above as well as transversely across hind margins of abdomen and even also on thorax; scutellum usually with some red even if only discally . : . Loi 15. (22) Pubescence with the bristles on seein? some on insane soit J, inter- 16. (19 i mixed ones on thorax in front, sides of thorax, on scutellum and those very densely and conspicuously across hind margins of tergites con- spicuously dark, blackish brown or purplish black, with the pubescence on face distinctly more shaggy and with conspicuous bristles on face and genae; wings distinctly tinged, even if only slightly, subopaquely ereyish mauvish, mauvish brownish and more so in costal and basal parts in gg, or wings may have a dark infuscation in basal half in gg and there may even be indications of spot-like infuscations on cross veins, with the basal comb dark and veins very dark; pulvilli in g¢ longer, at least reaching middle of claws . . V6: Interocular space in 3g Biaedee at Ie lu fines as ubanel as ocellar tubercle, in 92 about 4 times as broad as tubercle; antennal joint 3 gradually tapering and not truncated sucker-like at apex; wings in both sexes distinctly tinged mauvish or smoky mauvish, becoming darker and more reddish brown or brownish towards base and costal margin, especially in $3, without any distinct indications of spot-like infuscations on cross veins; pubescence above without any or with much fewer dark purplish brown-tipped hairs on thorax, scutellum and transversely behind the dark transverse bristles on abdomen and with the chalky white flattened scaling on abdomen absent or less evident; hypopygium of g¢ (text-figs. 81 and 82) sometimes with long tuft-like hairs on dorsal margins of inner apical parts of basal parts . : : ; : ‘ : s ive A Revision of the Bombyliudae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 297 17. (18) Sides of abdomen less broadly or conspicuously reddish in §¢; pubes- cence above more gleaming silvery whitish; wings with the darker basal and costal parts more distinctly reddish brown and the veins more reddish. : : : 3 2 ervnaceus Bezz. (p. 358). 18. (17) Sides of abdomen more Subudadly and more conspicuously reddish in ¢3; pubescence above gleaming distinctly more sericeous yellowish to golden yellowish; wings with the darker basal part more brownish, the reddish mauve tinge less conspicuous and the veins distinctly darker, more blackish brown . : : : . 6 & flavosericatus n. sp. (p. 359). 19. (16) Interocular space in gg narrower, only about as broad as tubercle, in 992 remarkably broad, about 6—7 times as broad as tubercle, the head thus very broad, as broad as, or even broader than, thorax; antennal joint 3 more slender and rod-like, truncated and sucker-like at apex; wings in gg with the basal half dark brownish across to fourth posterior cell, the basal part, however, being more yellowish, in 92 subopaquely slightly greyish or cinereous, with faint spot-like infuscations indicated on cross veins; pubescence with numerous and conspicuous dark or purplish-tipped bristly hairs on front part of thorax, disc of thorax, on scutellum and transversely across tergites just behind transverse dark bristles on abdomen and with the chalky white flattened scaling on abdomen above and sides dense and conspicuous, more or less arranged transversely; hypopygium of ¢ (text-fig. 83) without such a tuft of very long hairs on dorsal inner margin of neck region of basal parts : 2 20. 20. (21) Pubescence with pale en polden or Gack Browns. tipped: transverse hairs on practically all the tergites just behind the transverse blackish bristles, with these transverse bristles longer and very dark on all the segments but distinctly darker towards apex; scutellum entirely black or at least very dark and abdomen also entirely dark or black; wings in ¢ brownish up to end of costal cell and across to base of third posterior cell, the basal parts, however, more yellowish across first and second basal cells and in costal cell, in 9 tinged cinereous but darker and more yellowish in basal part, costal cell, base and in first basal cell and with the spot-like infuscations on cross veins sometimes very distinct, with the basal comb in both sexes dark brownish; halteres with whitish knobs; interocular space in @ a little more than 6 times as broad as tubercle; hind femora with about 5-8 spines below 3 2 macrophthalmus Bezz. (p. 361). 21. (20) Pubescence with the pale yellowish brown to fulvous hairs less extensively developed, more evident transversely across tergites 2, 5, and 6 especially on sides, with the transverse bristles on abdomen apparently very dark only posteriorly and laterally from tergites 3-5, the apical ones paler again; scutellum distinctly ferruginous red on disc and the extreme sides of abdomen towards apex obscurely reddish; wings in 2 apparently more greyish, tinged slightly yellowish only at base and in costal part and in first basal cell, with the basal comb more yellowish; halteres with the knobs more pale reddish brown; interocular space at least 7 times as broad as tubercle; hind femora with only about 4 spines below 2 eurystephus n. sp. (p. 364). 298 22. Annals of the South African Museum. (15) Pubescence with the bristles on body above predominantly very pale creamy yellowish, only the bristles on head above dark and some inter- mixed transverse bristles towards apex of abdomen dark-tipped, the latter distinctly less numerous, with the pubescence on face denser, more woolly, especially in g, the bristly hairs and bristles on face and genae poorly developed; wings not dark, but subopaquely greyish hyaline in both sexes and also having a slight milky tint in certain lights, with the base and costal parts subopaquely whitish or very pale yellowish white, the basal comb very pale yellowish, the veins pale yellowish red and without any indications of spot-like infuscations on cross veins; pulvilli short and confined to base in both sexes; hypopygium of ¢ (text-fig. 84) . : : : 3 2 innocuus Bezz. (p. 365). 23. (2) Antennal joint 3 thickened a base (from side), with the base more broadened below and the lower margin more distinctly and characteristically rapidly narrowed towards apex from this broad part, the dorsal margin thus appearing humped, the joint not distinctly rod-like; pubescence less shaggy in appearance, shorter, that on face especially, on sides of face and genae shorter, denser, and distinctly more woolly, the bristles and bristly hairs on face and genae short and inconspicuous, the hair on thorax above, especially in gg, with a more distinct cropped-off appearance; hypopygium of g¢ (text-figs. 85-89) usually with the beaked apical joints narrower and more slender, not or scarcely depressed above and usually deeply sunk in between the apical inner and outer parts of basal parts . : . 24, 4. (31) Pulvilli in both sexes confined ie base of caeeh inieroealate space in 9° at least 43-5 times as broad as ocellar tubercle; wings in both sexes with a distinct subopacity, either greyish, yellowish to faint yellowish brownish and in gg without a more or less well marked off yellowish brown or yellowish basal half; pubescence in both sexes always with some, even if only a few, darkish, blackish brown or purplish black ee transverse bristles on abdomen . : 25. 25. (26) Legs with the femora blackened ie beyonal raiddlley and hind ones alfiese entirely black; antennal joint 3 more slender, almost rod-like, only a little thickened basally, scarcely very distinctly more rapidly narrowed along lower margin; wings more subopaquely greyish hyaline and with a more whitish tint, with the basal comb whitish; pubescence above predominantly very pale creamy whitish or yellowish and with the bristles on face in front slightly more developed and longer, more evident; red on sides of abdomen on the whole less developed even in §3 3 2 mnocuus Bezz. (p. 365). 26. (25) Legs entirely yellowish; antennal joint 3 distinctly more broadened towards base, broader below and from there distinctly more rapidly narrowed apically along lower margin; wings distinctly subopaquely yellowish to yellowish brownish, with even a faint mauvish tinge, the basal comb having darker spines; pubescence on body above distinctly more yellowish, ranging from creamy yellowish to sericeous yellowish and even deep golden yellowish and with the bristly elements on face in front inconspicuous and shorter, the pubescence on facial part being characteristically more woolly and denser even in 99; red on sides of A Revision of the Bombyliudae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 299 abdomen in both sexes more extensively developed and even very extensive . 27. 27. (30) Wings subopaquely Fellewish to spate sellowish esi phasis a feeble mauvish tinge, with the veins not appearing very dark or conspicuous against the background; pubescence slightly more yellowish and even deep golden yellowish : F : : 28. 28. (29) Red on sides of abdomen less estonewe: pubescence with fewer, or only a few, dark-tipped transverse bristles across abdomen in $3; interocular space in gd tending to be a little broader than ocellar tubercle; inter- ocular space in 99 tending to be slightly narrower, about 44 times as broad as tubercle ; 5 : - 6 & phaleratus n. sp. (p. 366). 29. (28) Red on sides of abdomen more extensive and sometimes very much developed; pubescence in both sexes with more numerous transverse dark or blackish-tipped bristles on abdomen; interocular space in $¢ tending to be only as broad as tubercle; interocular space in 992 apparently slightly broader, at least 5 times as broad as tubercle 3 2 phaleratus n. sp. (p. 368). (Forms of it.) 30. (27) Wings apparently more distinctly subopaquely yellowish, the yellowish in costal part and base more evident, with the veins appearing very dark and conspicuous against the background, due to slight pale yellowish brownish infuscations along their course, especially at the middle; pubescence more uniformly creamy yellow above 3S phaleratus var. albicerus n. (p. 368). 31. (24) Pulvilli at least reaching middle of claws in jg and even in 9? more evident at base and even in some 99 also extending to near or to middle of claws; interocular space in 99 slightly narrower or very much narrower, only about 3-4 times as broad as tubercle; wings in 99 clearer and more hyaline, only the costal and basal parts yellowish or pale yellowish brown, in known g¢ hyaline, but with a well marked off yellowish brown to brownish basal half, the base of which is yellowish; pubescence in both sexes without any black or dark transverse bristles on abdomen . 32. 32. (35) Legs with the femora distinctly blackened to beyond or much beyond middle; pubescence above paler, predominantly whitish, gleaming sericeous whitish and only very feebly pale sericeous yellowish on disc of thorax; interocular space in 2 broader, a little more than 4 times as broad as ocellar tubercle; scutellum with the red much reduced or even obscure as two maculae 33. 33. (34) Pubescence on body above almost entirely sericeous whitishs wings with the basal half in ¢ slightly darker and more brownish; antennal joint 1 scarcely 3 times as long as joint 2 in f and about 3 times as long as 2 in 2 and with joint 3 slightly longer . . od 2 sericophorus n. sp. (p. 370). 34. (33) Pubescence above tending to be slightly pale sericeous yellowish on disc of thorax at least; wings with the basal half in J slightly paler and more yellowish and even faintly yellowish; antennal joint 1 quite 3 times as long as 2 in ¢ and with joint 3 apparently slightly shorter & sericophorus var. congruens n. (p. 371). 35. (32) Legs predominantly yellowish and if femora are darkened then only very obscurely at extreme bases; pubescence above distinctly more yellowish, 300 Annals of the South African Museum. sericeous yellowish to golden yellowish; interocular space in 9 narrower, only a little more than 3 times as broad as tubercle; scutellum more distinctly reddish on hind half . . @ dolosus n. sp. (p. 372). 36. (1) Pubescence on body above markedly short, fine, with a very distinct closely cropped or shorn-off appearance, especially on the thorax above in both sexes, that on occiput, head above, antennal joint 1 and on face very short in gg and in 99 also short and not shaggy, not puff-like, that on sides of face, face in front and on genae in form of dense, closely packed or superimposed, short, broadish, flattened, scale-like, pre- dominantly cretaceous white hairs, that on abdomen above also shorter, denser and more velvety or matted in appearance, the transverse bristles being comparatively shorter, denser, and stouter in both sexes; antennal joint 1 in gg distinctly shorter, only about 24 times, or even distinctly less, as long as joint 2 and in 9 also shorter and 3, or less, times as long as 2; face in front distinctly more conically produced and prominent, bearing some short, stoutish, curved bristles in 99, less distinct in gg, the lower parts of genae without any long bristly hairs or bristles; pro- boscis usually longer and more than 5 mm. long; wings with a tendency for vein between anal and axillary cells to be more undulating, with the squamae comparatively large, being broad and well developed, its fringe being much denser and very much shorter than the squamae » eae 37. (40) Interocular space in @g very narrow, at narrowest part very much narrower than length of antennal joint 1; eyes with the upper facets in 6d very coarse and eyes very large; interocular space in 9° very broad, very considerably broader than 2 times as long as antennal joints 1 and 2 combined; wings with the uninfuscated parts hyaline or only very feebly greyish, with the infuscated basal half more demarcated and the darker middle band in ¢¢ more evident; transverse rows of bristles across hind margins of abdomen in g¢ whitish or pale yellowish and the transverse rows of hairs behind them of the same colour as the rest of the hair, with the bristles in 9° either whitish or reddish brown, slightly shorter and less conspicuous, with the transverse hairs behind them whitish or very pale yellowish, scarcely tipped darker and also less evident . 5 : ; , ; : : 4 - . o8s 38. (39) Pubescence on body above paler, more whitish, with that on thorax above whitish, that on abdomen above distinctly more whitish and not so yellowish, with the bristles on thorax, scutellum and across hind margins of abdomen whitish to pale yellowish white in both sexes and if darkened on abdomen in some 99 without dark-tipped hairs behind them; antennal joint 1 dark or blackish; hind margins and sides of abdomen in 99 less extensively red; femora with the extreme bases and more or less the upper surface of the hind ones blackened; inter- ocular space in gg narrow, at narrowest part about as broad as front part of ocellar tubercle, with the upper facets of eyes very coarse; wings in $3 apparently more hyaline, with the infuscated part paler and less evident, the costal cell, base, first and second basal cells, greater part of anal cell and alula almost subopaquely whitish, with the wing almost entirely hyaline in 99, the infuscation only faintly indicated along front margin. : ‘ : ; 3d P leucochroicus n. sp. (p. 373). A Revision of the Bombylidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 301 39. (38) Pubescence above more yellowish to golden, that on thorax and occiput ochreous yellow to brownish golden, that on abdomen above more creamy yellow to yellow, with the bristles on thorax and scutellum yellowish in 36d, reddish yellow to brownish in 99, the transverse bristles on abdomen in 99 dark brownish black or dark reddish brown and with yellowish bases, with the transverse hairs behind them distinctly yellowish to fulvous; antennal joint 1 yellow; hind margins and sides of abdomen in 9° more broadly red; femora entirely pale ochreous yellow in both sexes; interocular space in ¢¢ broader, 2 times as broad, about as broad as ocellar tubercle posteriorly, with the upper facets of eyes distinctly less coarse; wings in §¢ with the infuscated part darker, broader, more brownish and the costal and basal parts more distinctly subopaquely yellowish, with the brownish tinged front part in 9° also more distinct 3 & varipecten Bezz. (p. 376). 40. (37) Interocular space in J¢ broader, at narrowest part at least subequal to or even longer than length of antennal joint 1; eyes with the upper facets in gd only very slightly coarser than lower ones and eyes also smaller; interocular space in 9? comparatively narrower, not much more than 2 times as long as antennal joints 1 and 2 combined; wings with the uninfuscated parts also distinctly tinged more subopaquely greyish, with the infuscated basal half more distinctly merging into rest of wing and with the darker middle part in 3g scarcely evident; transverse bristles on abdomen in ¢¢ as in 9 dark reddish brown or blackish brown and with the transverse hairs behind them distinctly yellowish or fulvous and tipped brownish and with these bands of hair and bristles long and more conspicuous 5 : ‘ : : 5 : : 5 Galle 41. (42) Pubescence above more ochreous yellow and that on abdomen above distinctly more yellowish, that on body below duller greyish white, with the mesopleural and metapleural bristles and metapleural tuft straw- coloured or creamy yellowish, with the hair and bristles on sides of frons anteriorly, on antennae below and face in front yellowish to ochreous, with the transverse bristles on abdomen above practically only with their apices or apical parts reddish brown or brownish, also shorter and less dense, with the transverse hair behind these less dense and yellowish brown; antennal joint 1 reddish brown in 9@ at least; reddish hind margins of abdomen in 99 narrower; wings distinctly duller and more tinged with greyish, with the brownish infuscated part almost imper- ceptibly merging into greyish apical part, with the basal comb yellowish to pale yellowish brown; hind femora with about 9-12 spines below; hypopygium of g with the basal strut slightly longer and projecting much beyond bases of basal parts, with the ventral basal process below aedeagus more slender and less produced apically 3 8 rubricosus (Wied.) (p. 378). (Syn. = cervinus Lw.) 42. (41) Pubescence above more yellowish and that on abdomen distinctly more whitish or white, that on body below more frosty or chalky white, with the mesopleural and metapleural bristles and the metapleural tuft pure white, with the hair and bristles on sides of frons in front, on antennae below and face in front entirely pure white, with the transverse bristles 302 Annals of the South African Museum. on abdomen almost entirely purplish black and also longer and more conspicuous, with the transverse rows of hairs behind these denser and much darker brownish, their tips even darker; antennal joint 1 much darker in 99; reddish hind margins of abdomen in 99 broader and also broader on sides; wings more hyaline and only slightly tinged greyish, with the brownish infuscated basal half more distinctly marked off from the apical hyaline part, with the basal comb purplish black to black; hind femora with about 5-9 spines below; hypopygium of 3 with the basal strut shorter, only slightly projecting posteriorly, with the ventral basal process below aedeagus broader and more produced apically 6 & fuscianulatus n. sp. (p. 380). B. (A) Head across eyes usually less markedly broad, more often narrower than broadest part of thorax, with the interocular space in 99 in majority of species distinctly much narrower, the frons in 992 always with a distinct transverse depression or furrow and in g¢ almost always with a central furrow even if only indicated posteriorly; first terminal joint at apex of antennal joint 3 almost always distinct and often comparatively long; legs with the spines, especially on tibiae, not always pallid or yellowish, with the claws almost always sickle-shaped, either rapidly curved down- wards from about middle or more gradually, rarely very slightly curved downwards, with the pulvilli usually long in both sexes, extending much beyond middle of claws and more often reaching the bent apices; pubes- cence on head below, face, pectoral and pleural regions rarely markedly contrasting frosty or cretaceous white; proboscis always with spinules below on labium, sometimes very distinctly visible but often just visible; wings with the discoidal cell, on the whole, distinctly more acute apically, with the apical cross vein usually shorter than discal cross vein and, even if equal or subequal to it, the sides of the cell are, in by far the greater number of species, more converging towards apex; squamae distinctly less bilobed, often scarcely bilobed, the smaller lobe being very small and insignificant, often being only indicated; hypopygium of 33 with the beaked apical joints never markedly broadened basally, not leaf-shaped, more elongate and narrow, without any or with only a very feeble and shallow depression above, more gradually narrowed and attenuated apically, with the aedeagus either falcate (cf. text-figs. 92-142), its ventral part being produced into a thin, lamellate, flattened, keel-like process and the anterior parts of the lateral ramus from basal parts simply fused to base of aedeagus to form a sort of ridge or girdle, or the aedeagus is not falcate but with a movable, stylet-like, clavate, rod-like or racket-shaped process formed as a continuation of the ramus on each side from the basal parts in addition to the girdle-like or arch- like ridge across base through which the penis proper passes (Systoechus Lw.) (p. 382). 1. (74) All or the majority of the spines or spicules below in the lower outer row on front and middle tibiae, or at least on the front ones, and also the lower long and short apical spurs or spines on front and middle tibiae as well as the spines behind on middle femora, dark or black like rest of the spines on legs; pallid spines, when present on front tibiae, are minute, incon- spicuous and present on lower inner row only ‘ e ° » me A Revision of the Bombylidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 303 2. (7) Claws only gradually or more gradually curved, with the pulvilli in both sexes shorter, not reaching or just falling short of middle of claws; head with the eyes in $¢ more broadly separated on vertex and quite 14 times as broad as ocellar tubercle, with the proboscis usuaily long and even reaching 13 mm., its labial part below with very dense, conspicuous and relatively long spinules, giving it a coarse and scabrous appearance, those towards base being denser and more conspicuous and this basal part itself more conspicuously transversely wrinkled or ridged; pubes- cence either entirely velvety black or very dark velvety blackish brown or when not there are 2 broad vertical bands of gleaming fulvous brown pubescence separating a very characteristic broad band of silvery whitish hair, from below base of wing to between front and middle coxae, and another band of silvery white hair at base of venter and tergite 1 and another anteriorly, extending from below head and propleural parts to behind eyes; hypopygium of jg with dense and conspicuous, stoutish, bristly hairs on apical two-thirds of basal parts; large and bulky species, about 13-164 mm. long and with a wing-length of about 14-16 mm. © 3. 3. (6) Pubescence on body above and below entirely deep velvety black or very dark and deep velvety blackish brown; wings tinged smoky blackish, becoming very dark sooty black or coal black in front half, the veins black, with the squamae darker, very dark blackish brown or blackish and the halteres blackish, only the cups pale or whitish; legs entirely black or dark and with very dark blackish brown or coal black scaling; proboscis slightly shorter, 7-10 mm. long and with the spinules below tending to be slightly less coarse; face, head below, pleural parts and in g¢ sides of abdomen darker and more dark brownish or obscurely blackish brown; hypopygium of ¢ (text-fig. 92) without a conspicuous ridge on side of each basal part and with the mane or crest of shortish, bristly hairs on apical two-thirds of basal parts shorter and less conspicuous, with the beaked apical joints shorter and less slender and with a distinct and long rod-like process on each side below aedeagus from the ramus on each side . : : ; : : : ; : : ‘ ay 1A. 4, (5) Pubescence distinctly more deep velvety black or entirely velvety black; wings with the anterior and basal darker part slightly more extensive; — legs with the scaling more coal black . 3 2 fuligineus Lw. (p. 382). (Western Province form.) 5. (4) Pubescence distinctly more deep velvety blackish brown; wings with the anterior and basal darker part slightly less extensive; legs with the scaling tending to be more blackish brown 6 @ fuligineus Lw. (p. 383). (Karoo and O.F.S. form.) 6. (3) Pubescence on body above in $¢ predominantly gleaming greyish sericeous, appearing more velvety sericeous whitish on abdomen above, that on thorax with whitish gleaming longitudinal stripes, that on thorax in 29° brownish golden or fulvous, separated by 4 more sericeous whitish stripes, that across base of thorax and on occiput also gleaming greyish sericeous, that on abdomen above in 9 with fulvous or brownish golden tints, but with more greyish or whitish sericeous gleams on sides of the tergites, that on head in front gleaming pale greyish sericeous, the bristly elements reddish golden to brownish, the pubescence on body below very char- 304 Annals of the South African Museum. acteristic, in form of 2 broadish perpendicular bands of brownish golden -or fulvous pubescence separating the contrasting silvery whitish hair on head below, propectus and behind eyes from a broad perpendicular band of very conspicuous silvery pubescence extending down from below base of wings to pectus between front and middle coxae, and from the silvery white pubescence at base of venter and on tergite 1, with the bristles on thorax in front of wings reddish, those on post-alar calli more whitish to very pale reddish yellow, those on abdomen reddish brown in 99 and reddish brown on sides in gg, pubescence on venter fulvous or brownish golden, more so in gg; wings tinged reddish or greyish, the front half darker and more subopaquely reddish brown, the veins reddish brown to brownish, the squamae opaquely reddish brown and the halteres with more yellowish or pale yellowish brown knobs; legs pale reddish brown, the scaling greyish or greyish yellow; proboscis slightly longer, about 11-13 mm. and with the spinules below more conspicuous and relatively coarser; face, head below, pleural parts and in g¢ sides of abdomen paler and more reddish yellow; hypopygium of ¢ (text-fig. 93) with a very conspicuous ridge on each side of each basal part and with the mane or crest of spines on apical two-thirds of basal parts longer, denser and more conspicuous, with the beaked apical joints longer and more slender and without any process on side of aedeagus 3 2 scabrirostris Bezz. (p. 384). 7. (2) Claws more rapidly bent down nearer apex, with the pulvilli longer in both sexes, reaching, or extending beyond, middle of claws; head with the eyes in gd above either in subcontact, very narrowly separated or if broadly separated the space is scarcely broader than ocellar tubercle, with the proboscis usually shorter and if very long not spinulated to the same extent below, the spinules, when present, less conspicuous and sometimes scarcely visible; pubescence not entirely velvety black above and below and without a very characteristic perpendicular band of silvery white hair on pleurae, which is marked off on each side by a band of fulvous or golden brown hair from the other silvery white hair on head below and base of venter, the pubescence on pleurae being uniformly whitish, yellowish or golden, its whitish elements not vertically well marked off by brownish golden hair; hypopygium of ¢¢ without a very conspicuous and dense mane or crest of shortish or long bristly hairs on basal parts, with either a sharp, ventral keel to aedeagus or with a stylet- like, rod-like or clavate process on each side; smaller and less bulky species, and if very large and bulky the claws are more rapidly curved down apically and the eyes are more narrowly separated : nana 8. (53) Scutellum predominantly red or ferruginous red, or at least with distinct and extensive red on disc; face, especially in $3, usually more conically prominent and with the pubescence usually less dense, shorter and more often sparse in both sexes; sides of abdomen in g¢ rarely entirely black and if black scutellum is red; face yellowish, reddish or brownish, rarely black ; , ; « 9. (40) Face and genae predominantly pallid, yellowish or reddish brownish and to a certain extent head below anteriorly is similarly coloured; sides of abdomen in gg more extensively and broader reddish or reddened . 10. A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 305 10. (17) Antennal joint 3 more distinctly club-shaped, its apical half or more 11. (14 ) slender and attenuated, comparatively rapidly narrowed from the broadest part in basal half or near base, the joint relatively longer, its length to 1 and 2 combined 4:3 or 5:4 or even moire, ending apically in an inconspicuous, scarcely visible, basal element bearing the style 1 Large and bulky species, about 13-17 mm. long and with a wing-length of about 16-19 mm.; wings, though tinged cinereous or greyish hyaline, on the whole less dark, the anterior yellowish brownish, brownish or reddish brownish infuscation less extensive, less dark, with the second basal cell, the greater part or entire discoidal ceil in both sexes clearer and more hyaline or greyish hyaline like rest of hinder part of wing; head with the proboscis very much longer than 6 mm., with the face longer and longer than combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2; pubescence on body predominantly paler, gleaming greyish sericeous or golden yellowish to deep golden, that on sides of abdomen in basal half even in 99 not deep fulvous brownish or brownish, with the transverse bristles across hind margins of tergites 1-4 not blackish brown or darkened and if a few dark ones are present in gg they are on extreme sides, pubescence on body below, along pleurae and basal part of venter on each side with more whitish or pale elements, that on disc of thorax tending to show longitudinal stripes of paler gleaming elements; legs darker, predominantly blackish or very dark blackish brown : : oe 4c 12. (13) Pubescence on body paler, very pale greyish white, creamy yellowish, gleaming more sericeous whitish especially on abdomen in 4, that towards apex and on sides even in 9Q sericeous whitish, that along middle parts of pleurae, on metapleural tuft, on squamae and sides of venter more extensively and more conspicuously whitish, that on disc of thorax in §¢ especially shorter and with a more shorn-off appearance, the bristles on thorax, scutellum and on abdomen whitish in g¢ and whitish to very pale sericeous yellowish in 99 and sometimes with a few darkish ones on sides of abdomen in some gg, the bristly elements on antennal joint 1 predominantly whitish or pale yellowish; interocular space on vertex in gg comparatively narrower, as broad as ocellar tubercle; wings with the dark yellowish brown or brownish anterior infuscation slightly less extensive and more marked off, the apices of wings in gg more pointed; hypopygium of ¢ (text-fig. 94) 3 & bechuanus Hesse (p. 387). 13. (12) Pubescence on body gleaming golden yellow to deep golden yellow, that on abdomen in both sexes golden yellowish, though more brassy yellowish in gg without any sericeous whitish gleams, that on pleurae, in meta- pleural tuft, on squamae and sides of venter with more yellowish hair, that on coxae more yellowish or golden, that on sides of abdomen in 992 especially deeper golden, that on disc of thorax, though also short, distinctly with a less closely cropped appearance, the bristles on thorax, scutellum and on abdomen golden yellowish to deep golden, the bristly elements on antennal joint 1 predominantly black; interocular space in 66 slightly broader and slightly broader than tubercle; wings with the 306 Annals of the South African Museum. more reddish brown anterior infuscation slightly more diffuse, the apices of wings in g¢ less pointed; hypopygium of ¢ (cf. text-fig. 94) 3d 2 goliath Bezz. (p. 390). 14. (11) Smaller and less bulky species, only about 8-13 mm. long and with a wing- length of about 9-13 mm.; wings distinctly darker, more deeply tinged mauvish or reddish brown, much darker in the anterior half, this anterior darker part more extensive, the second basal cell and the basal and upper parts of discoidal cell also included in darker part; head with the proboscis not longer than 6 mm. and even shorter, with the face distinctly shorter and only about, scarcely longer or even shorter than combined length of antennal joints 1 and 2; pubescence predominantly deep velvety reddish brown or fulvous brown to chocolate brownish and, when paler towards apical part of abdomen, gleaming deeper golden or more brownish golden, that on sides of abdomen in basal half, especially in 99, deep fulvous brownish, with the transverse bristles on at least tergites 1-4 darker reddish brown to chocolate brownish, especially on sides and with the bristly elements on frons, thorax and scutellum also similarly coloured, the pubescence on body below predominantly rufous or deep golden brownish, only the squamal fringe, the upper part of metapleural tuft, that on head below and on sides of venter basally gleaming more pale sericeous in certain lights, that on disc of thorax not with very pale sericeous bands; legs pale reddish brownish to brownish . 2) ilar 15. (16) Pubescence slightly paler, more yellowish brown, that on thorax in front more yellowish in certain lights, that towards apex of abdomen in both sexes distinctly paler and even in 992 gleaming more yellowish, that in squamal fringe and upper parts of metapleural tuft gleaming almost whitish sericeous in certain lights, that on sides of venter basally with some pale, almost whitish sericeous elements, with the bristly elements on body paler, more yellowish brownish or reddish brownish, with only the transverse bristles across tergites 1-4 dark; legs paler and more pale reddish brownish or yellowish red; wings with the darker mauvish or brown anterior half more marked off; antennae with joint 2 more elongate and distinctly longer than broad, with joint 1 thus relatively shorter and only about 2 times as long as 2, with 3 relatively longer, distinctly more slender and longer in apical part . - & §kalaharicus Hesse (p. 392). 16. (15) Pubescence on entire body distinctly darker brownish, dark chocolate brownish, only that on occiput in certain lights more yellowish, that on abdomen darker and more chocolate brownish even on sides and apically there being no pale hair apically, that on pleurae scarcely paler, being coffee brownish, that in squamal fringe and metapleural tuft and base of venter distinctly darker and brownish, not gleaming almost sericeous whitish, with the bristly elements on head, thorax and scutellum darker and more chocolate brownish and with all the bristles across hind margins of all the tergites very dark chocolate brown, moreover the pubescence on abdomen is apparently slightly shorter; legs darker, entirely chocolate brownish; wings apparently more uniformly tinted mauvish brownish, the darker front part more imperceptibly passing into less tinged part; antennae with joint 2 slightly shorter and only a little broader than long, with joint 1 also relatively a little longer and slightly more than 2 times A Revision of the Bombyliudae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 307 as long as 2, with 3 relatively shorter, the apical part less slender and shorter. : : : : . QS namaquensis n. sp. (p. 394). (Syn. =fuligineus Bezz. nec Lw.) 17. (10) Antennal joint 3 less distinctly club-shaped, with less than its apical half slender and there distinctly less slender, usually more gradually narrowed from broadened basal part, the joint usually relatively shorter, being subequal to 1 and 2 combined or if longer only a little longer and if much longer the apical slender part is shorter and thicker, ending apically in a more distinctly visible or more conspicuous terminal ele- ment bearing a style . : af (US: 18. (25) Wings distinctly more darkly aid more nittornls, favged rmantwiéls brownish or reddish brownish throughout, the basal part up to end of costal cell and across to ends of basal cells darker brownish or mauvish brownish, this darker part distinctly more diffuse and not well marked off from the less infuscated part; pubescence above, especially in 99, with more brownish or brownish golden hair or at least with yellowish brown hairs on disc of thorax and abdomen and if not, wings at least are more uniformly tinged ; ; : elOe 19. (20) Larger species, BED 9- ul mm. ie thas a a wing- ences of about 10-11 mm.; antennal joint 3 distinctly club-shaped, dilated or knob-like basally, more than apical half slender, ending apically in a longish terminal basal element bearing the style; pubescence tending to be pale in both sexes, that in jg predominantly gleaming silvery to greyish white above, that in 29 on disc of thorax slightly tinted yellowish, the fine pubescence on abdomen in 29° gleaming sericeous or greyish whitish, that on body below predominantly whitish in both sexes, that on sides of thorax in front of wings ochreous brownish, that towards apex of venter in 3g also ochreous brownish, the bristly elements on frons, face, sides of thorax and transversely on all the tergites and on coxae in both sexes dark reddish brown to brownish; legs dark or blackish brown, with dense greyish white hair-like scaling . ‘ 3 2 fumitinctus n. sp. (p. 442). (Slight var. of it.) 20. (19) Smaller forms, usually less than 9 mm. long and with a wing-length of less than 10 mm.; antennal joint 3, less club-shaped, less rapidly thickened basally and the apical part less slender and shorter, ending in a much shorter basal terminal element; pubescence, especially in 99, distinctly much darker, deeper and more extensively yellowish, pale golden brownish to chocolate brownish or with more numerous yellowish or brownish golden elements and if predominantly sericeous whitish in some gd, antennal joint 3 is not club-like, that on disc of thorax in 92 more distinctly yellowish or brownish golden, that on abdomen in 92 more yellowish or brownish and if white in J¢ antennal joint 3 is not club-like, that on body below usually less extensively whitish, the bristly elements on thorax and abdomen especially darker and more numerous and if pale or not dark antennal joint 3 is not club-like; legs chocolate brownish, brownish or even yellowish in some 99 or the femora may be darkened eal le 21. (24) Pubescence distinctly darker in 92 at least, more brownish golden to chocolate brownish, that on body below without or with less whitish 308 23. Annals of the South African Museum. elements, the bristly hairs on frons, antennae, face, on thorax, scutellum and abdomen predominantly very dark brownish, blackish brown or chocolate brownish; wings on the whole more darkly tinged mauvish brownish or brownish; face darker and more reddish brown; legs dark brownish or chocolate brown; antennal joint 3 more rapidly narrowed apically, the apical part on the whole more slender ; - ze 2. (23) Slightly larger species, about 83 mm. long, with a wing- leaate of about 9mm.; pubescence predominantly darker, very dark or velvety chocolate brown, that on abdomen darker and more coffee brownish, that on body below predominantly chocolate brownish; antennae with joint | rela- tively shorter, about 23 times as long as 2, with 3 longer than | and 2 combined, less rapidly narrowed apically, the apical slender part also longer; wings with the second longitudinal vein tending to be more rapidly bent up at its end, with the squamal fringe darker 2 namaquensis n. sp. (p. 394). (Syn. =fuligineus Bezz. nec Lw.) (22) Slightly smaller species, about 7 mm. long, with a wing-length of about 8 mm.; pubescence slightly paler, gleaming paler golden brownish, with more golden gleams, that on abdomen gleaming more fulvous brownish to golden in certain lights, that on body below with more gleaming greyish sericeous whitish hair along middle of pleurae and base of venter on each side; antennae with joint 1 relatively longer and quite 3 times as long as 2, with 3 distinctly shorter, subequal to 1 and 2 combined, more rapidly narrowed apically, the apical slender part more slender and shorter; wings with the second longitudinal vein tending to be more gradually curved up at its end, with the squamal fringe and metapleural tuft paler and more yellowish . Q badius n. sp. (p. 398). 24. (21) Pubescence in both sexes very much paler, predominantly gleaming 25. sericeous whitish in gg, that on abdomen even appearing more silvery, that on body above in 29 sericeous yellowish to gleaming golden yellowish, that on body below in both sexes more extensively gleaming greyish or sericeous whitish, even the coxal bristles pale, the hair in front of wings and in gg towards apex of venter ochreous, the bristly elements on frons, thorax and across all the tergites in 9° reddish brownish to brown, those on thorax, scutellum and on entire abdomen in g¢ sericeous whitish, those on face and genae in both sexes pale yellowish sericeous or yellowish, not dark; wings on the whole slightly less darkly tinged and with a slight tendency for the anterior and basal darker part to be more distinctly marked off; face much paler, pale reddish yellow or yellowish; legs entirely or predominantly yellowish in 29, but the femora blackened or darkened, sometimes to beyond middle in ¢@; antennal joint 3 only gradually narrowed apically; hypopygium of 4 (text- figs 96). : ; 3 2 aberrans n. sp. (p. 395). (18) Wings either greyish biyelline for fhe greater part or distinctly less tinged, only infuscated yellowish brown, brownish or reddish in basal and costal parts or more distinctly and more darkly tinged coffee brown or mauvish brown in basal part up to end of basal cells and across to end of costal cell and in costal cell, this infuscation, however, distinctly delimited and well marked off from the more hyaline part even in 99; pubescence A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 309 above, even in 99, distinctly paler, predominantly whitish, straw-coloured yellowish, yellowish to golden yellow and, if darker or more fulvous, then wings have a well marked off basal infuscation : . 26. 26. (35) Wings infuscated coffee brown, reddish brown to cca brown in anterior basal half in costal cell and basal part up to end of basal cells and across to end of costal cell, the greater part of second basal cell and basal parts of anal and axillary cells not being clearer and less infuscated than the dark basal parts, with the apical cross veins of basal cells more distinctly infuscated; face and genae predominantly paler, pallid, pale Santen to very pale reddish yellow or ie brown : 27. 27. (32) Pubescence nba in both sexes “mpleeallly short “hid especially in 3d with a short cropped or shorn-off appearance on thorax, with the bristly hairs and bristles on head and especially on face less dense, shorter, poorly developed and not long and stoutish or stiff, that on genae not conspicuously extending down into the furrow between eyes and buccal cavity, with the pubescence on abdomen in ¢¢ more pelt-like, the bristles much shorter; legs more darkened and femora in ¢¢ extensively darkened or blackened to beyond middle or even entirely and even in 9292 with certain surfaces darkened or covered with blackish scaling; antennae with joint 1 distinctly shorter, only a little more, or distinctly much shorter, than 3 times as long as joint 2, with joint 3 comparatively stouter, subrod-like or gradually narrowed to apex in Jg, more broadened basally in 99 than in 3g; Le eae with the spinules below distinctly visible and denser. 2 A asis 28. (31) Pubescence predominantly = creamy Avellewiain or syhitish to golden yellowish, that on apex of abdomen in §¢ paler and more creamy whitish, with the hair in front of wings on each side distinctly deeper yellowish or more fulvous to deep golden, with the bristles in front of wings, on scutellum and on abdomen whitish, straw-coloured yellowish to pale golden, only a few blackish ones being present on sides of tergites 4 and 5 in gd and some laterally also on sides of 5-7 in 99, with the coxal bristles even in 99 straw-coloured yellowish to golden, with the hairs on antennae above yellowish; wings with the infuscated part slightly paler and more coffee brownish or yellowish brown, with the veins paler brownish; proboscis with the spinules below distinctly denser and more hair-like, visible; palps paler and more brownish . ipa: 29. (30) Pale creamy whitish, creamy yellowish to pale srollowwisll: naived forms, the §¢ being slightly paler, the pubescence on abdomen above being more straw-coloured whitish, paler in gg; proboscis usually longer than 6 mm.; wings with the basal infuscation coffee brown; antennal joints 1 and 2 in 29 almost black; bristles on frons and face dark blackish brown to black; hypopygium of $ (text-fig. 97) 3 8 albidus Lw. (p. 398). 30. (29) Distinctly golden yellow-haired form, in 2 at least, with golden sheen, the pubescence on sides of thorax in front of wings even more orange golden or fulvous, that on abdomen above more or less uniformly golden, the hair on pectoral region and coxae not creamy or sericeous but pale golden yellow, the transverse bristles on abdomen more golden or VOL. XXXIV. 21 310 Annals of the South African Museum. brownish yellow; proboscis about 6 mm. long; wings with the basal infuscation paler and more yellowish brown; antennal joints 1 and 2 distinctly darker, dark reddish brown; bristles on frons and face also more reddish brown . . . GQ albidus var. auripilus n. (p. 401). 31. (28) Pubescence predominantly white or silvery white, appearing greyish from above, that on disc of thorax in 929 slightly yellowish or pale brownish, with the hair on abdomen above silvery whitish in both sexes, more apparent in g4, those across hind margin of tergite 2 with a slight yellowish tint and also along extreme sides towards apex in some 99, with the hair in front of wings entirely white, only the numerous bristles there in 9° being brownish to dark brown, with the hair on body below also more silvery whitish, but also with ochreous or fulvous brown ones near apex of venter in jd especially, with the bristles on sides of thorax, on posterior calli, scutellum and transversely across all the abdominal segments as well as intermixed bristles on coxae and a few on each side of propleurae in front of front coxae dark golden brown to black in 99, those on thorax more golden brown, with the thoracic and scutellar bristles and almost all those on abdomen in gg whitish, only some on sides of tergites 4 and 5 being blackish or black, with the hairs on antennae above dark or blackish; wings with the infuscated part dis- tinctly darker and more mauvish brown, with the veins also darker brownish; proboscis with the spinules below less distinctly visible and only so near base; palps more blackish brown 3 & polioleucus n. sp. (p. 401). 32. (27) Pubescence above distinctly longer and more shaggy even in 3, slightly 33. (34 ~— more recumbent, without a very striking cropped or shorn-off appearance on thorax, with the bristles on face and genae longer, denser and more conspicuously developed, sometimes markedly stout, rigid, stiff and brush-like, well developed and conspicuous even in the furrow separating eyes from buccal cavity, with the pubescence on abdomen not pelt-like but distinctly longer, more shaggy and more recumbent, the bristles being also longer; legs much paler yellowish, the femora entirely yellow or only slightly darkened along upper surfaces; antennae with joint 1 distinctly longer, quite 3, or even considerably more than 3, times as long as 2, with joint 3 more rapidly attenuated apically from broad basal half, the apical part or third being comparatively more slender or very slender; proboscis with the spinules below almost indiscernible, very minute and less dense 5 : é 5 ; ; . do. Wings with the costal and basal dark brownish or mauvish brown in- fuscation more extensive and diffuse, extending into basal parts of first posterior and discoidal cells and into basal half of anal cell and less delimited from greyish hyaline part; pubescence longer and more shaggy, with the bristles in front of wings dark reddish brown and the hairs there fulvous or brownish golden, with the transverse bristles laterally on abdominal segments 3-5 at least with distinct stouter blackish brown or black bristles, with the bristles on face in front and sides distinctly denser and with only a few or without any yellowish intermixed ones, with well- developed pubescent hairs on femora below basally; antennal joint 1 longer and much longer than 4 times as long as joint 2; sides of abdomen A Revision of the Bombylidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 311 less extensively red, the red not extending much dorsally; spines on hind femora below comparatively long and slender 3 tumidifrons Bezz. (p. 414). 34. (33) Wings with the costal and basal coffee brownish infuscation less extensive and less diffuse, distinctly delimited from clear part, the infuscation ceasing at apical cross veins of first and second basal cells, which veins also show a much more distinct darkish infuscation, with the bases of first posterior and discoidal cells and even basal part of anal cell clear; pubescence slightly shorter, with the bristles in front of wing bases pale yellowish and the hairs there only a little more yellowish than the creamy yellowish ones on disc, with the transverse bristles on abdomen above entirely creamy yellowish, without any blackish ones, with the bristles on face and sides of face less dense and less numerous and with numerous yellowish ones intermixed, with the pubescent hairs at bases of femora below less developed; antennal joint 1 much shorter, only about 4 times as long as 2; sides of abdomen more extensively reddened, the red extending considerably dorsally; spines on hind femora below much shorter. : 3 rhodesianus n. sp. (p. 414). 35. (26) Wings more snitoemly Piboadadely greyish hyaline, only the extreme base, costal cell and first basal cell being tinged yellowish or pale yellowish brown, the entire second basal cell, anal and axillary cells being greyish hyaline like rest of wing, with the apical cross veins of first and second basal cells not or scarcely showing any distinct infuscations; face, genae or face at least duller and darker or more obscure reddish brown and often so only anteriorly or on sides ; . 36. 36. (39) Larger species, longer than 64 mm. and with a wing- sloniotli longer than 7 mm.; pubescence comparatively short, especially on thorax, showing a closely cropped or shorn-off appearance, more distinct in $9, with that on body below markedly or more strikingly white or whitish, with the transverse bristles on abdomen above in both sexes predominantly or entirely very dark blackish brown or black, with those on thorax in some $¢ also darker reddish or golden brownish; wings with the basal comb strongly developed; legs with more numerous, more than 5, spines on hind femora below, with a tendency for some of the apical spicules in lower outer row on front and middle tibiae to be pallid or yellowish, with the claws tending to be less sharply bent downwards apically; interocular space in gg very narrow, at narrowest part about as broad as, or only a very little broader than, front ocellus, the eyes somewhat flattened above and the upper facets very coarse; antennal joint 3 more slender, gradually tapering from a broadened base ; sole 37. (38) Pubescence above in ¢, when viewed from side, more silvery Bice with the hair on disc of thorax, the hair and bristles in front of wings, bristles on posterior calli and scutellum in ¢ pale reddish brown to brownish, that on head below and body below more uniformly silvery white, with the coxal bristles also silvery white, the hair on abdomen above more pale fulvous, those transversely across hind margins more silvery whitish in certain lights, with the bristly hairs and bristles on frons and face dark reddish brown; legs entirely pale ochreous yellow, with whitish scaling, with the front femora unarmed or with only a feeble spine behind; 312 Annals of the South African Museum. face and head below paler brownish and antennal joints 1 and 2 more distinctly dark brownish or reddish brown 3 spinithorax Bezz. (p. 406). 38. (37) Pubescence above, when viewed from side, duller and more straw-coloured yellowish in gg and more uniformly yellowish to pale golden yellowish in 99, the hair on disc of thorax, bristly hairs and bristles in front of wings, on posterior calli and scutellum pale straw-coloured yellowish in 66 and slightly deeper yellowish in 99, with that on head below, pleural and pectoral regions and sides of venter frosty or chalky white, con- trasting markedly with that above, with the coxal bristles straw-coloured yellowish, with the hair on abdomen above paler and more straw-coloured yellowish to very pale yellowish in jg and more uniformly yellowish in 29, those transversely across segments scarcely paler in g¢ and entirely yellowish in 99, with the bristly hairs and bristles on frons and face black in both sexes; legs more brownish yellow, with the femora blackened basally in g¢, with black scaling on front faces in addition to the whitish scaling and with often 2-3 distinct spines in front and behind on front femora; face and head below almost entirely black or very dark brownish and antennal joints 1 and 2 black in both sexes Certain forms of albipectus n. sp. (p. 486). 39. (36) Small species, about 54-63 mm. long, with a wing-length of about 6-7 mm.; pubescence on body above distinctly longer and more recumbent, not with a very distinct shorn-off appearance on thorax, entirely very pale yellowish or straw-coloured yellowish, only the apical part of abdomen in some 99 being slightly more yellowish, with all the bristles on thorax and abdomen entirely yellowish like rest of hair, only the bristly hairs on head above, some intermixed on face and a few inconspicuous ones on sides of abdomen in ¢ blackish, with the hair on body below scarcely paler than that above and not frosty white or silvery; wings with the basal comb poorly developed; legs with only about 5 spines on hind femora below, with the apical parts of claws more sharply curved downwards, with all the spicules in lower outer row on front and middle tibiae black; interocular space in g broader and dis- tinctly much broader than front ocellus, the eyes not flattened above and the upper facets not markedly coarser than lower ones; antennal joint 3 much shorter, about as long as 1 and 2 combined, more rapidly narrowed from a comparatively broader base 3 & transvaalensis n. sp. (p. 417). 40. (9) Face, head below and also, to a certain extent, the genae predominantly 4], or entirely very dark or black; sides of abdomen in 3 entirely black or at least distinctly less extensively reddened } ‘ «A (42) Wings with an anterior well marked off or delimited acifteel brown in- fuscation in costal cell and at base, extending up to apices of basal cells and across to end of costal cell, the second basal cell and basal parts of anal and axillary cells being as darkly infuscated as costal and basal parts, the rest of wings greyish hyaline; pubescence predominantly silvery whitish in both sexes, only the venter apically and along sides slightly yellowish, with 3 distinct, strong, black macrochaetae on each side in front of wing-bases, with the transverse bristles on abdomen in » A Revision of the Bombyludae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 3138 9° entirely or predominantly black, whitish in jd, only a few or some dark or blackish ones being present on sides of segments 4 and 5 in gg; abdomen in §¢ entirely black on sides, and scutellum in $¢ also tending to be blackish or even entirely black; legs with the femora entirely black in both sexes or at least in 99° also much darkened, with the tibiae dark brownish or brownish yellow ; 3 & neglectus n. sp. (p. 404). 42. (41) Wings either almost entirely subopaquely greyish hyaline, the costal cell and base alone being tinged yellowish or pale yellowish brown or the wings are more diffusely tinged faintly mauvish brown or faintly cinereous, becoming darker towards base and in costal cell, but without a distinctly and sharply delimited basal and costal infuscation and with the greater part of the second basal and even anal and axillary cells distinctly clearer than costal and basal parts; pubescence silvery whitish, straw-coloured yellowish, golden yellowish to deep golden and, when silvery whitish, always with numerous black bristles on thorax in front of wing-bases or with those on abdomen, even in §¢, with more numerous or predominantly black ones; abdomen in gg usually with some red on sides and, if not, then all the bristles are at least dark or black, with the scutellum either entirely red or sometimes also obscurely reddish discally; legs with the femora less extensively darkened or entirely yellowish in §g, predominantly yellow also in 99, rarely entirely darkened and, if so, then tibiae are also black and thorax has more numerous black bristles. : 43. 43. (52) Pubescence on body not Pecdominantly Sine miieieh ee and slow in both sexes and, if silvery whitish in gg, then at least with some yellowish hair in front of wings or on sides of abdomen and venter, with the stoutish bristles on thorax, scutellum and transversely across abdomen not all entirely black in 99; legs in 29 not entirely black; sides of abdomen in ¢¢ always with some red or reddish; face tending to be more conically prominent; interocular space in known 99 narrower, distinctly much less than 5 times as broad as ocellar tubercle; wings not tinged cinereous and without an almost sooty blackish or blackish brown infuscation towards base especially in QQ... ‘ 44, - 44, (49) Pubescence with the hair on pleural regions, mataplenial fate aia sides of venter straw-coloured yellowish, yellowish or sericeous yellowish, not markedly contrasting with that on body above or very gleaming silvery whitish, with the transverse bristles on abdomen entirely straw-coloured yellowish or yellow like rest of hair or pale reddish, reddish yellow to reddish brown and not black; antennal joint 3, especially in 299, markedly thickened basally in basal third and then very or more rapidly narrowed along lower or inner side, thus producing a more distinct angular or sub- angular prominence; sides of abdomen in known $3 more distinctly and more broadly red, the venter paler reddish; legs with the pubescent hairs on femora below in $¢ poorly developed or absent : . 40. 45. (48) Larger species, about 8-10 mm. long, with a wing-length of about 8-10 mm.; pubescence on body predominantly deep yellowish, chrome yellowish to deep golden yellow, often with marked golden or sericeous gleams, distinctly shorter and with a cropped or shorn-off appearance even in 99, with the blackish bristly hairs on face in front in both sexes 314 Annals of the South African Museum. tending to be denser and stiffer and more brush-like; proboscis longer, about 4-5 mm. long and with the minute spinules below more visible; wings either entirely faintly tinged mauvish or at least with the base, costal cell and first basal cell distinctly darker brownish, with the basal comb distinctly larger and more developed; antennal joint 3 distinctly much longer than 1 and 2 combined; legs with the femora in g¢ more extensively darkened even to beyond middle and in 99 also often ex- tensively darkened along front surfaces by black hair-like scaling, with the tibiae also darkened by black scaling and hind femora with more than 4 or 5 spines below. ; 46. 46. (47) Wings slightly longer in relation to body, distinctly, though faintly, tinged mauvish, with the costal cell, base, first basal cell, basal part of second basal cell and even extreme base of anal cell darker mauvish brown; pubescence on body above often more gleaming golden yellow or sericeous yellow, with that on pleural parts only slightly paler yellowish than above, with at least some or all the transverse bristles, especially on sides, of abdomen pale reddish yellow, reddish to reddish brown; legs with the femora in §¢ only blackened or darkened towards base, the greater part of hind ones being yellowish and in 2 only darkened by blackish scaling along upper or front surfaces; slightly smaller form, about 8-10 mm. long, with a wing-length of about 8-10 mm.; hypopygium of g (text-fig. 101) . : : . 6 2 bombycinus n. sp. (p. 407). 47. (46) Wings slightly shorter in relation to body, more greyish hyaline, only the base, costal cell, first basal cell and extreme bases of second basal and anal cells brownish; pubescence above with the golden yellow hair slightly duller and less gleaming, with that on pleurae, across middle, slightly duller and distinctly paler and more straw-coloured whitish or whitish in certain lights, with all the transverse bristles on abdomen entirely yellow like rest of hair in both sexes, the hair towards apex of venter in g, however, slightly more brownish; legs with all the femora in g blackened to much beyond middle, with the bases of front ones in 2 and the upper surfaces of the others also darkened with the tibiae in the g, especially hind ones, also more darkened; slightly larger form, about 9-10 mm. long, with a wing-length of about 84-9 mm.; hypopygium of gf (text-fig. 102) . : 3 2 bombycinus var. bedfordi n. (p. 410). 48. (45) Smaller species, about 54-64 mm. long, with a wing-length of about 6-7 mm.; pubescence on body, including all the bristles (excepting only a few inconspicuous dark or blackish intermixed ones on sides of abdomen in g¢ and on head above in both sexes) much paler, straw- coloured yellowish or whitish, only slightly yellowish at apex of abdomen in some 929, distinctly duller, slightly longer and more recumbent and without a marked shorn-off appearance, with the blackish brown bristly hairs on face less dense and distinctly less stiff; proboscis shorter, less than 4 or 5 mm. long, with the spinules below almost invisible; wings greyish hyaline and with the costal cell and basal parts paler and more yellowish, pale yellowish brown, with the basal comb distinctly smaller and poorly developed; antennal joint 3 shorter, only a very little or scarcely longer than 1 and 2 combined; legs more uniformly yellowish, only the basal half of front femora and extreme bases of the others A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 315 darkened, not blackened along upper surfaces, the tibiae on the whole distinctly more yellowish and the hind femora with only about 4 or 5 spines below. : : 3 2 transvaalensis n. sp. (p. 417). 49. (44) Pubescence with the hair on ‘pleural regions, metapleural tuft and sides of venter markedly frosty white or gleaming silvery whitish, thus either markedly contrasting with pubescence above or more conspicuously silvery, with the transverse bristles on abdomen in both sexes distinctly darker, very dark blackish brown or black and also more conspicuous; antennal joint 3 not markedly thickened in basal third to form a sub- angular or angular prominence on lower side; sides of abdomen in ¢¢ almost entirely black or much more indistinctly reddened, the venter also darker; legs with the ao ai hairs on femora below basally in 3d more evident : ; iy 450: 50. (51) Smaller species, about 5}-7 mm. — arith a wing- Jeneth of about 53-7 mm.; pubescence on body sericeous whitish on thorax, more yellowish in front of wings and on disc, more gleaming yellowish on abdomen above especially on sides, with more distinctly pale sericeous yellowish hair on venter laterally and more ochreous ones in ¢ towards apex, with silvery whitish hair on pleurae and sides of venter and upper part of metapleural tuft being more gleaming sericeous yellowish, with the bristles in front of wings, on scutellum and transversely on abdomen in both sexes black; wings greyish hyaline, the costal cell, base, first basal cell and to a certain extent the second basal cell distinctly darker and more brownish, with the basal comb smaller; scutellum tending to be entirely black in $ and often with an obscure reddish tint discally in Q; sides of abdomen in ¢ scarcely obscure reddish; interocular space in 3S broader, about as broad as ocellar tubercle, the eyes not markedly flattened above and the upper facets only slightly coarser than those below; legs with the front and middle femora darker and more brownish and with only about 5-6 spines on hind ones below; hypopygium of ¢ (text-fig 109) without a lateral process on each side of aedeagus 3 2 lightfooti n. sp. (p. 430). 51. (50) Larger species, about 8-11 mm. long, with a wing-length of about 9-12 mm.; pubescence above creamy whitish to pale yellowish in gd, more uniformly yellowish to golden yellowish in 99, that on abdomen laterally in g¢ also yellowish, with the hair on head below, pleural regions and sides of venter markedly frosty or chalky white and markedly contrasting with that above (Anastoechus-like), with the bristles in front of wings, on posterior calli and scutellum yellowish in both sexes and those transversely across abdomen black, stout and conspicuous; wings greyish hyaline, with the base, costal cell and first basal cell more ochreous yellowish, not brownish, with the basal comb more strongly developed; scutellum predominantly ferruginous red in both sexes; sides of abdomen in §¢ distinctly and more broadly red; interocular space in gd very narrow, at narrowest part about as broad as, or only very little broader than, front ocellus, the eyes markedly flattened above, large and with the upper facets very coarse; legs with the front and middle femora in Sd darker at base, only those of 929 entirely yellowish or, if slightly darkened by blackish scaling, then along upper surfaces, with more 316 Annals of the South African Museum. numerous and more than 6 spines on hind ones below; hypopygium of 6 (text-fig. 134) with a distinct clavate process on each side of aedeagus formed by the forward continuation of the ramus from basal part on each side. 3 & albipectus n. sp. (especially some 9-specimens with dark spines on tibiae below) (p. 486). 52. (43) Pubescence on body predominantly silvery whitish, without any yellow or yellowish tinted hair in front of wing-bases or on sides of abdomen, with the bristles on head, thorax in front of wings, on scutellum and transversely across abdomen entirely black in known Q at least; legs entirely black; sides of abdomen black; face tending to be more bluntly rounded in front; interocular space in 9 broader, nearly 5 times as broad as tubercle; wings with a slight, but distinct, cinereous tinge, the costal and basal parts being distinctly more sooty black or at least deep blackish brown. (Scutellum almost entirely black; antennal joint 1 only a little more than 3 times as long as 2) 2 leucostictus n. sp. (p. 416). 53. (8) Scutellum entirely or predominantly black, without any red or only with very obscure and indistinct reddish discally; face tending to be less conically prominent and with the pubescence denser, longer and more shaggy in both sexes; sides of abdomen in gg never red; face always entirely or predominantly very dark or black 3 : ‘ . 54. 54. (69) Wings distinctly and more diffusely tinged smoky cinereous, coffee brownish to mauvish brown, more so in gd, distinctly more deeply so towards base and slightly deeper in $¢, the darker basal part imperceptibly merging into less infuscated part, thus not well marked off, with the greater part of wing not greyish hyaline; pubescence, especially in 3d, distinctly longer and more recumbent, that on thorax with a less cropped or shorn-off appearance, with the hair on abdomen also longer and less pelt-like, with the bristles in 29 also longer, more conspicuous and much longer than the hair; sides of face somewhat tumid : ; OD 55. (56) Wings tinged more smoky or cinereous, becoming darker and more 56. (55 ) blackish brown or sooty at base, in costal cell and first and second basal cells; pubescence above and below entirely silvery white, with, however, all the bristles on head, thorax in front of wings and laterally, on scutellum and transversely across abdomen black; scutellum in 9 with a very slight rufous tint discally behind; legs entirely black; interocular space in 2 very broad, nearly 5 times as broad as ocellar tubercle or distance from lateral ocellus to margin of eye on each side is much longer than antennal joint | ‘ : Q leucostictus n. sp. (p. 416). Wings tinged more brownish, coffee brownish or mauvish brown, the darker basal and costal parts being darker mauvish brown and not blackish; pubescence on body not entirely silvery whitish, even in gg, but always with some creamy yellowish or yellowish hair on sides of thorax or on disc above or on sides of abdomen or on venter below, with the bristles not entirely black on all these sites; scutellum entirely black; legs yellowish or brownish or with the tibiae and tarsi in part yellowish or brownish and, when entirely black, all the bristles on body at least are not black; interocular space in known 9 narrower, distinctly less than 5 times as broad as tubercle or the distance between lateral ocellus and eye is shorter or only subequal to length of first antennal joints . 57. A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 317 57. (68) Pubescence on body below, even in gg, always with some or much whitish, straw-coloured or yellowish hair and always with some silvery whitish, yellowish or golden yellowish depressed pubescence on frons and face; wings in g¢ with the costal and basal infuscation more ex- tensive, with the basal comb more developed; halteres with the knobs paler or whitish; antennal joint 3 broader and more distinctly thickened basally; interocular space in $g, at narrowest part, broader than front ocellus, more or less half as long as antennal joint 1; legs not uniformly dark brown, the femora in 34, if darkened, at least much darker than the tibiae, with more than 4 or 5 spines on hind ones below which begin nearer base; hypopygium of gg with the ventral part of aedeagus distinctly produced into a ventral keel-like plate; larger forms usually not less than 6 mm. long and with a wing-length of not less than 6 mm. 58. 58. (67) Pubescence on body predominantly whitish, creamy whitish or yellowish in gg and also with much paler or whitish hair on thorax in front and on pleurae and sides of abdomen even in 929, always with much silvery whitish or white hair on pleurae in both sexes; antennal joint 1 distinctly shorter, scarcely and not more than 3 times as long as joint 2 in ¢¢ at least, with joint 3 less rapidly narrowed fila the apical third not being very slender . . 59. 59. (66) Smaller forms, about 5-8 mm. iGhg. with a wing- lense of abou 6-8 mm.; pubescence in g¢ at least predominantly sericeous or silvery whitish or white, with that towards apex of abdomen distinctly whiter and more silvery white, with sericeous yellowish, straw-coloured yellowish, pale yellowish or even fulvous hair on sides of thorax in front of wings and on abdomen in 29, with the hair on face distinctly less dense, sparser, the pale hairs less conspicuously developed and not very pubescent and concentrated round buccal cavity, with some dark bristles in front of wings in both sexes and without any, with only a few or with the dark or blackish bristles on sides of abdominal segments in §¢ less developed, distinct only on 2 and 3; wings less strongly developed, less broad basally in gg, with the alula and axillary lobe not so markedly broad and conspicuously lobe-like, with the basal comb slightly smaller; re either entirely yellowish or entirely black : : = 160: 60. (65) Pubescence with deeper yellowish or fulvous pollowrish eee in front of wings, on mesopleuron, discally on thorax and on each side just above wings and on sides of abdomen to a certain extent in both sexes, but more extensively fulvous or sericeous yellow on abdomen in 29, with the dark or black bristly hairs on face more numerous and more conspicuous, with or without blackish bristles on sides of abdomen in $4, with dark or black bristles laterally on segments 2-6 and also discally on 3-6 in 29; interocular space in 99, relative to tubercle, slightly broader, nearly 4, quite 34, times as broad as ocellar tubercle; antennal joint 1 in 992 red or reddish; legs almost entirely yellowish, with the femora blackened in §¢ to a variable extent or even entirely, predominantly or entirely yellowish in 99; wings in both sexes tinged slightly darker mauvish and the basal infuscation apparently also darker and more extensive 61. 318 Annals of the South African Museum. 61. (64) Bristly hairs on face and genae and the transverse bristles on abdomen, especially laterally and towards apex, in 99 at least, distinctly darker, more blackish brown to black; face tending to be darker or even entirely blackish . : : : : ; ; : : ‘ . 2: 62. (63) Legs with the femora, especially front and middle ones, blackened to a variable extent in $j, the hind ones being almost entirely yellowish, with the legs in QQ entirely yellowish; abdomen in $¢ with almost entirely silvery white hair, without any dark or blackish bristles on sides of segments 2 and 3 and also without conspicuous yellowish hairs on these segments laterally . ; . & & nigripes var. plebeius n. (p. 421). 63. (62) Legs, on the whole, much darker, almost entirely black, the tibiae scarcely less dark than the femora and the hind femora also entirely black in g¢ at least; abdomen in gg with some more conspicuous fulvous hairs laterally and with distinct dark or black bristles or bristly hairs laterally on segments 2 and 3 . ‘ . So nigripes var. plebeius n. (p. 421). (Form of it.) 64. (61) Bristly hairs on sides of face and genae predominantly and the transverse bristles on sides and towards apex of abdomen, in 9 at least, distinctly paler, pale yellowish brownish, those on face often gleaming brownish golden and those towards apex of abdomen darker again; face tending to be more distinctly reddish brown on sides Q nigripes var. plebeius n. (p. 421). (Form of it.) 65. (60) Pubescence in gg predominantly straw-coloured whitish to white, with only slightly and much paler yellowish hair in front of wings and on mesopleuron, that on abdomen entirely white, with paler yellowish or more straw-coloured hair in front of wings, on disc of thorax in 929 also, that on abdomen in 99 sericeous yellow to pale golden yellowish, with the black bristly hairs on face less numerous, the paler ones more con- spicuous, without any black bristles on sides of abdomen in $g, with only black bristles laterally in 99, those discally on 3-6 distinctly paler; interocular space in 99, relative to tubercle, slightly narrower, only a little more than 3 times as broad as tubercle; antennal joint 1 in 9 black; legs in both sexes entirely very dark or black, the femora entirely black even in 99; wings slightly less darkly tinged, the darker basal infuscation apparently slightly less extensive . & 2 ngripes Lw.s. str. (p. 419). 66. (59) Slightly larger form, about 9 mm. long, with a wing-length of about 10 mm.; pubescence in ¢ at least predominantly more creamy yellowish and slightly duller, only sericeous whitish on abdomen above, with that on sides in front of wings scarcely deeper creamy yellowish, with the hair on face distinctly much denser, the pale hairs distinctly more numerous, conspicuously developed and concentrated around the buccal cavity, without any dark bristles in front of wings, but with more con- spicuous black bristles laterally on most of the abdominal segments; wings markedly developed, being markedly broad towards base, the axillary and alular lobes being very broad and lobe-like, with the basal comb also larger; legs entirely black . . nigripes var. nomteleénsis (p. 424). 67. (58) Pubescence on body deep fulvous or golden brownish, more orange golden when viewed from side, that on abdomen above pale orange A Revision of the Bombyliudae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 319 golden, with that on body below yellowish golden, only the head below white, with the transverse bristles on abdomen laterally on segments 2-5 blackish brown; antennal joint 1 longer, slightly more than 3 times as long as joint 2, with joint 3 distinctly more rapidly narrowed apically from broad base, the apical third at least being more slender. (Wings well developed, very broad basally and with the axillary lobe very large; legs with the femora black and the tibiae dark brownish) 3 stevensoni n. sp. (p. 425). 68. (57) Pubescence on entire body below rusty brown to blackish brown, even the mesopleural tuft being blackish brown, with only black bristly hairs on head and no pale or whitish depressed hairs; wings with the costal and basal darker infuscated part less extensive, with the basal comb small and poorly developed; halteres darker and with brownish knobs; antennal joint 3 more rod-like, only very little broader basally than apically; interocular space in J, at narrowest part, only about as broad as front ocellus, distinctly much narrower than half as long as antennal joint 1; legs uniformly dark brownish, with only about 4 or 5 spines in apical half on hind femora below; hypopygium (text-fig. 108) without any distinct flattened, ventral keel below sickle-shaped aedeagus; smaller species, about 54 mm. long, with a wing-length of about 5 mm. 3g fusciventris n. sp. (p. 426). 69. (54) Wings distinctly less diffusely tinged, only the base, costal cell, first and second basal cells or only the costal cell, base and first basal cell being darkly tinged or coloured yellowish brown, brownish to mauvish brown, the greater part of wing being thus more greyish hyaline and more distinctly or even well marked off from dark basal infuscation; pubes- cence, especially in $g, shorter, more pubescent, that on thorax above more cropped or shorn off in appearance, that on abdomen shorter, more pelt-like and gleaming in gg, with the bristles in 9? shorter and less conspicuous; sides of face not tending to be tumid and if slightly tumid wings are less tinged . : : : : 3 é ‘ ne KOE 70. (73) Pubescence predominantly silvery whitish, that on abdomen in g¢ shining silvery white, that on abdomen in 92 also with more sericeous whitish hair, that on sides being more yellowish sericeous, that on pleurae more extensively silvery whitish, with the metapleural tuft and squamal fringe silvery whitish, without any dark or black bristles on abdomen in $d or with only a few inconspicuous ones on sides of segments 4 and 5, with black transverse bristles on abdomen in 99 or with at least dark ones laterally towards apex; legs with the femora in both sexes exten- sively or entirely black or dark or the entire legs may be dark, the tibiae being scarcely or only slightly paler than the femora; hypopygium of 3d with a well-developed ventral, keel-like plate below aedeagus . 71. 71. (72) Wings with the costal and basal infuscation coffee brownish, more con- spicuous and extending to apices of basal cells and across to end of costal cell, well marked off from more hyaline part of wing and even more so in gg; interocular space in $¢ broader, about as broad as ocellar tubercle or as broad as more than half length of antennal joint 1, about 3 times as broad as tubercle in 99; eyes in gg with the upper facets almost imperceptibly coarser than lower ones; proboscis longer, about 5-6 mm, 320 Annals of the South African Museum. long; pubescence almost entirely silvery whitish in both sexes, with no pale yellowish hair in front of wings or on mesopleuron and with scarcely any sericeous yellow hair on abdomen above in 29, with 3 stout, distinct, black macrochaetae in front of the wings in both sexes and with often all the transverse bristles on abdomen in 99 as well as those on scutellum black, but only a few intermixed dark or black ones laterally on segments 4 and 5 in gg, with the bristly hairs on face in both sexes sparser; scutellum tending to be more reddish in some ¢¢ and in 99 often entirely reddish; slightly larger species, about 8-10 mm. long, with a wing-length of about 8-10 mm. 3 2 neglectus n. sp. (p. 404). 72. (71) Wings with the costal and basal infuscation paler, more pale brownish, distinctly less extensive, the apical parts of first and second basal cells or even greater part of second basal cell clearer and less dark than basal infuscation, with this infuscation also less well marked off from greyish hyaline part and even less so in 99; interocular space in g¢ distinctly narrower, only about as broad as front part of tubercle or much less than half length of first antennal joints, in 29 distinctly more than 3 times as broad as tubercle; eyes in §¢ with the upper facets distinctly coarser than lower ones; proboscis shorter, only about 3-4 mm. long; pubescence with some yellowish or sericeous yellowish hair on sides of thorax even in some gg and often extensively on abdomen above and laterally in 29, without any black bristles in front of wings and without any black ones laterally on abdomen in $4, those on abdomen in fg being predominantly yellowish, those laterally towards apex and apically in some 99 often darker, even brownish to blackish brown, those on scutellum yellowish, with the black bristly hairs on face distinctly much denser and more conspicuously developed; scutellum entirely black in both sexes; smaller species, about 6-84 mm. long, with a wing-length of about 6-74 mm. 3 2 argyroleucus n. sp. (p. 428). 73. (70) Pubescence not predominantly or entirely silvery whitish, more yellowish from above and, when viewed from the side, that on occiput, sides of thorax in front of wings and down the propleurae, that on dise of thorax and scutellum, that in metapleural tuft, on squamae, greater part of abdomen above even in ¢ and apical part of venter, especially in 9, rich creamy yellow to gleaming pale yellowish brown, with only the middle part of pleurae and base of venter and abdomen silvery whitish, especially in J, with some macrochaetae in front of wings, the posterior callar bristles, scutellar bristles and all the transverse bristles on abdomen in both sexes dark blackish brown to black; legs on the whole paler and more yellowish brown to brownish, the front femora being dark and the apical parts of the tibiae and also the entire tarsi almost black; hypo- pygium of ¢ (text-fig. 109) without a well-developed, flattened, vertical, keel-like plate below aedeagus. (Wings with the costal cell, base, first basal cell and to a certain extent the second basal cell darker, yellowish brown and more soin fg) . ; : 3 & lightfooti n. sp. (p. 430). 74. (1) All the spines or spicules in lower outer row and the longer lower apical spines or spurs on front and middle tibiae as well as the spines behind on middle femora entirely or predominantly pallid or yellowish, not black like the rest of the spicules . : : : ; é : «WOR A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 321 75. (128) Wings distinctly, though often faintly, tinged more extensively yellowish brown, brownish, coffee brownish to mauvish brown, in basal part this infuscation usually distinctly more diffuse or extensive, occupying the costal cell, base, first basal cell, second basal cell to a varying extent, even bases of marginal cell, first posterior cell and discoidal cell as well as extreme bases of anal and axillary cells and also alula, with the second basal cell never entirely or for its greater part clear or hyaline, being always distinctly more subopaque or darkly tinged than discoidal cell, with the rest of wing in a large number of species distinctly tinged greyish, feebly or faintly mauvish brown to darker mauvish . s AG: 76. (91) Wings with the second basal cell entirely or almost entirely and distinctly infuseated to the same extent as costal cell, basc and first basal cell, the infuscated basal part thus much darker and more distinctly con- spicuous and delimited from rest of wing, especially in the g¢ Baa a 77. (82) Scutellum entirely red or reddish or at least with the greater part or more than half of the disc red in both sexes; sides of abdomen in known ¢¢ always with more extensive red or reddish; femora in 99 never entirely black or blackish brown; black transverse bristles on abdomen more developed, in both sexes encroaching much on disc above towards midline, even in gg, with at least those above on segments 4-7 pre- dominantly or entirely black : : : a ‘ ‘ Sal ioe 78. (79) Larger species, about 10-13 mm. long, with a wing-length of about 103-14 mm.; pubescence on pleural and pectoral regions straw-coloured yellowish, yellowish to very pale golden yellowish, that on body above yellowish to golden, even deep golden yellow, with predominantly pale yellowish bristly hairs on face in 99, only a few intermixed ones in front being black; sides of abdomen in gg obscurely reddish; proboscis longer, about 6-8 mm. long, with the fine hair-like spinules below dense and more distinctly visible; wings distinctly more greyish hyaline, with the basal and costal yellowish brown to reddish brown infuscation more distinctly delimited from rest of wing 3 2 inordinatus n. sp. (p. 481). (Syn. = mizxtus Bezz. nec Wied.) 79. (78) Smaller species, about 7-9 mm. long, with a wing-length of about 8-94 mm.; pubescence on pectus and pleurae distinctly paler and more straw-coloured whitish or white, that on body above less golden yellow, more pale yellowish white to very pale yellowish, with distinctly more numerous and denser black bristly hairs on face in 99; sides of abdomen in known §¢ more extensively and more distinctly reddened; proboscis shorter, about 4-5 mm. long, with the spinules below finer, less dense and less distinctly visible; wings more distinctly slightly more darkly tinged mauvish or dark mauvish, with the basal and costal infuscation slightly darker, dark brownish to mauvish brown and also slightly more diffused . F : ‘ é : : : : : - 80. 80. (81) Wings very darkly tinged mauvish, the costal and basal infuscation dark mauvish brown; the bristles and macrochaetae in front of wings, on posterior calli, scutellum and transversely across abdomen all black; antennal joint 3 less slender, shorter, not longer than joints 1 and 2 combined, the apical part thickened on inner side; face with a tendency 322 Annais of the South African Museum. to be obscurely reddish on the sides and above; tibiae with the upper outer row of spines on front ones entirely black like the inner or front upper row 5 : Q badipennis n. sp. (p. 435). 81. (80) Wings only very ieobly fiiaced iaarsele the costal and basal infuscation more brownish; the bristles and macrochaetae in front of wings, the posterior callar ones on thorax and those on scutellum pale yellowish or whitish, only those on abdomen being black; antennal joint 3 in 99 comparatively more slender and longer, longer than joints 1 and 2 combined, the apical part more slender and longer, without a thickened part below, with joint 3 almost rod-like in $3, scarcely thicker basally; face entirely black; tibiae more often, especially in 99, with the spines in upper outer row on front ones entirely pallid or with a large number of pallid ones; sides of abdomen in ¢¢ extensively red; femora blackened to beyond middle in jg; pubescence above paler than in 99, more straw-coloured yellowish or whitish . ¢ 2 canipectus n. sp. (p. 436). 82. (77) Scutellum entirely black, much darkened or only very feebly and obscurely tinted reddish, with the red, if developed, occupying not more than the posterior half of disc or with a large basal black spot; sides of abdomen in known g¢ entirely black or with the red very obscure; femora in 22 usually, as in gg, blackish brown or black; black transverse bristles on abdomen developed only on sides or extreme sides and extending towards middle above only on last 2 or 3 segments : 4 -) See 83. (88) Legs entirely dark, black or blackish, even the tibiae, when not entirely 84. (87 85. (86 ~— ) black, are at least dark brownish or with blackish scaling and not pale ochreous yellow ‘ . 84. Wings entirely tinged amok or maaaiale the dostal and basal infasonee dark sepia or blackish brown and with a mauvish tint, the squamae brownish and knobs of halteres brownish; spines on hind femora below and on hind tibiae black and spines on front tibiae above well developed; pubescence with the bristly hairs on face predominantly black and with only a few or without any pale intermixed ones, that on body above in known 99 straw-coloured whitish as in g¢ or only slightly darker than the g¢ in front of wings on each side; interocular space in known 929° slightly narrower, less than 4 times as broad as ocellar tubercle; antennal joint 1 slightly shorter, only about 4, or even less, times as long as joint 2 85. Larger species, about 7-9 mm. long, with a wing-length of about 6-8 mm.; pubescence above and below in both sexes sericeous whitish to straw- coloured whitish or that above pale sericeous yellowish, that on sides of venter towards apex pale ochreous yellowish, with the bristly hairs on face intermixed with pale ones, more so in 99; wings very slightly tinged more darkly, the costal and basal darker infuscation slightly less extensive, not extending much into bases of first posterior and discoidal cells, the first posterior cell not very acute apically; halteres with the knobs pale brownish yellow to pale yellowish; scutellum always with a slight rufous tint or even reddish, especially in 99; face slightly more produced and less bluntly rounded in front; antennal joint 3 slightly longer and dis- tinctly thickened in basal half, the apical part being moderately slender ; interocular space in g¢ slightly broader, about as broad as tubercle; A Revision of the Bombyludae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 323 proboscis longer, about 4-44 mm.; hind femora with about 6-9 spines below; hypopygium of $ (text-fig. 112) with a broadish clavate process on each side of aedeagus. é : 3S 2 montanus n. sp. (p. 438). 86. (85) Smaller species, about 53 mm. long, with a wing-length of about 5 mm.; pubescence in ¢ silky whitish on thorax above, straw-coloured yellowish or even whitish on abdomen above, that on body below darker, even entirely dark velvety fulvous brownish or blackish brown, with the hairs and bristles in front of wings also blackish brown, with the bristly hairs on face entirely black and without any intermixed pale ones; wings tinged slightly less darkly, the costal and basal darker infuscation slightly more extensive, distinctly extending into basal halves of first posterior and discoidal cells, the first posterior cell distinctly more acute apically; halteres dark brownish, with dark brown knobs; scutellum entirely black; face slightly more rounded in front; antennal joint 3 distinctly shorter and more rod-like; interocular space in ¢ nar- rower, at narrowest part only about as broad as front part of tubercle; proboscis shorter, only about 2 mm. long; hind femora with only about 4 or 5 spines below; hypopygium of ¢ (text-fig. 108) with the aedeagus sickle-shaped, without a distinct ventral keel and without a process on each side . ‘ ‘ 6 fusciventris n. sp. (p. 426). 87. (84) Wings greyish healing, amily the sdutal and basal parts darker and more pale yellowish brown and less conspicuous, the squamae yellowish and knobs of halteres yellowish; spines on hind femora below and on hind tibiae yellowish brown to brownish, the spicules on front tibiae very small and poorly developed; pubescence with the bristly hairs on face with black and pale ones intermixed more or less in equal proportions, that on body of 2 above distinctly more yellowish, with sericeous or brassy yellow gleams; interocular space in 2 distinctly broader, at leasi 4 times as broad as tubercle; antennal joint | slightly longer, more than 4 times as long as joint 2. (Pubescence on abdomen with slender blackish brown to black bristles on sides of segments 2-4 in § and 2-7 in Q; hind femora with only about 4 or 6 spines below; hypopygium of ¢ (text-fig. 113) with a clavate process on each side of aedeagus.) 3 2 power n. sp. (p. 440). (Syn. = nigripes Bezz. nec Lw.) 88. (83) Legs not entirely dark or black, the front and middle femora in the 33 blackened to beyond middle, if darkened in 99, then only at extreme bases or in basal halves of front ones, with the tibiae in both sexes dis- tinctly paler and pale yellowish or pale ochreous yellowish . 5 ek 89. (90) Smaller species, about 64 mm. long, with a wing-length of about 6 mm.; pubescence on body above less dense, straw-coloured whitish or yellowish, that on dise of thorax and on occiput being more sericeous whitish, that on body below whitish, with the hair on face less dense, with only a few and inconspicuous dark bristles on sides of abdomen in d and without any in 9; wings with the costal and basal infuscation darker and more brownish; antennae with joint 1 much shorter, less than 4 times as long as joint 2, with joint 3 also much shorter, compara- tively broader and more rapidly thickened basally, the apical part shorter and thicker; interocular space in ¢ slightly narrower, not quite 2 times 324 Annals of the South African Museum. as broad as front ocellus, only about 3 times as broad as tubercle in 9; scutellum with the basal half at least black, in ¢ slightly more so, with the black base not angularly produced posteriorly; hind femora with only about 4 or 5 spines below . : 3 2 transvaalensis n. sp. (p. 417). 90. (89) Larger species, about 74-10 mm. long, with a wing-length of about 7-8 mm.; pubescence above much denser, distinctly more yellowish, yellowish sericeous to golden yellowish in 99, more creamy yellowish in §g, that on thorax in front, even in some $4, more yellowish tinted, that on body below scarcely paler than above, only more creamy yellowish in some §¢, with the hair on face, in $¢ especially, very dense, with more numerous, longer and more conspicuous black bristles on sides of abdomen in both sexes; wings with the costal and basal infuscation more reddish brown or yellowish brown; antennae with joint 1 slightly longer, at least 4 times as long as joint 2, with joint 3, especially in gg, longer and more gradually thickened basally, the apical part compara- tively more slender and longer; interocular space in fg distinctly broader, about as broad as front part of tubercle, quite 2 times as broad as front ocellus, quite 34 times as broad as tubercle in 9; scutellum with the black basal part produced angularly towards hind margin, almost dividing the red into two maculae; hind femora with at least 5-9 spines below 3 2 brunnibasis n. sp. (p. 495). 91. (76) Wings with the second basal cell much clearer, only feebly tinged and then distinctly not to the same extent as costal cell, base and first basal cell, being, however, distinctly tinged or more subopaque and slightly darker than the discoidal cell, with the infuscated basal part cf wings more diffuse, less distinctly contrasting with, or delimited from, the rest of wing . «| 2s 2. (93) Wings soa peaativele daniel taped caaramiek or sitele the canta cell, base and first basal cell being very dark mauvish brown; pubescence dull greyish in front and silvery whitish on abdomen from above, from side that on thorax is silvery whitish and greyish silvery white on abdomen in $d, slightly more subgolden on disc of thorax in 99, with the hair in front of wings pale brownish fulvous in both sexes, that on venter towards apex pale brownish fulvous in gg, that on body below in both sexes silvery whitish, with the coxal bristles predominantly brownish to blackish brown, with the transverse bristles across abdomen in both sexes entirely brownish black; face and head below brownish or reddish brown; sides of abdomen in g¢ broadly reddish brown; legs in both sexes entirely blackish brown to black; antennal joint 3 club-shaped, broadest at about basal third, rapidly narrowed apically, more than the apical half being slender, with the first terminal joint well developed and comparatively long ; ; . 6 fumitinctus n. sp. (p. 442). 93. (92) Wings distinctly, less Aare tinged, only faintly and feebly mauvish, more often greyish hyaline for the greater part, with the costal and basal darker infuscated part also less dark mauvish brown, often more brownish to pale yellowish brown; pubescence above whitish, yellowish to golden yellowish, not distinctly or predominantly silvery white on abdomen above, the hair being straw-coloured yellowish, creamy yellowish to golden yellowish, with the hair and bristles in front of wings not fulvous A Revision of the Bombyliudae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 325 brown, that towards apex of venter in $4, if darker, then yellowish or ochreous, that on body below ranging from more extensive silvery whitish to golden yellowish, with the coxal bristles never brownish or blackish brown, with the transverse bristles on abdomen in 4¢ either not dark or blackish or only so laterally, those on greater part of disc above being whitish or yellowish, rarely with all or most of the bristles above in both sexes blackish, though these may sometimes be reddish brown to golden; sides of abdomen in gg entirely black, obscurely reddish or at least with the red much less extensive and confined to extreme sides; legs not entirely black and, if so, the scutellum is also black, more often pre- dominantly yellow; antennal joint 3 not typically club-shaped, distinctly less rapidly narrowed from base, usually less than the apical half being slender, with the first terminal joint rarely long and pista, and if so the entire pubescence is not silvery whitish . : ain QAe 94. (99) Smaller species, usually not more than 7 mm. long, with a wing-length of about 64-7 mm.; scutellum entirely black or tending to be predominantly dark; legs entirely black or very dark blackish brown or the bases of the femora are black even in 99, with the tibiae comparatively slender and the spicules on front ones above usually small and poorly developed and not very numerous, with fewer spines, about 4-6, on hind femora below, beginning at about middle or just before middle; interocular space in 9° sometimes quite 4 times as broad as tubercle; sides of abdomen in gg without any red; wings with the basal comb poorly developed, the spines less dense and much shorter . : : = Go: 95. (98) Legs in both sexes entirely very dark blackish or blackish brown, with the spines on hind femora below brownish; scutellum entirely black; inter- ocular space in 99 broader, more than 3, quite 4, times as broad as ocellar tubercle; pubescence on body below tending to be more yellowish or sericeous yellowish and that on body above in 29 more brassy yellowish 96. 96. (97) Wings with the first posterior cell distinctly less acute apically; pubes- cence with fewer black bristly hairs on frons, antennae and face and with distinct black transverse bristles across hind margins of abdomen even if only a few in both sexes . 4 ; . 3d & poweri n. sp. (p. 440). 97. (96) Wings with the first posterior cell distinctly more acute or pointed apically ; pubescence on head above and in front predominantly black or at least with much fewer yellowish hairs and without any trace of black trans- verse bristles on abdomen in both sexes . d 2 faustus n. sp. (p. 444). 98. (95) Legs predominantly yellowish in both sexes, only the bases of femora darkened, with the spines on hind femora black; scutellum with some obscure reddish and if darkened as in ¢ the legs at least are yellowish; interocular space in 2 distinctly narrower, not much more than 3 times as broad as tubercle; pubescence on body below not much paler than above and that above in 2 paler and more pale sericeous yellowish like that of g, with a few darkish bristles on sides of abdomen in some specimens ‘ F : 3 & transvaalensis n. sp. (p. 417). 99. (94) Larger species, more ‘ee 7 mm. long and with a wing-length of more than 7 mm.; scutellum always with extensive and conspicuous red; legs never entirely black or dark, yellowish, but with the femora in jg VOL. XXXIV. 22 326 Annals of the South African Museum. sometimes blackened or darkened, with the tibiae less slender and the spicules above on front ones more numerous, longer and better developed, usually with more than 6, spines on hind femora below, beginning much nearer base; interocular space in 99 not very much more than 3 times as broad as tubercle; sides of abdomen in gg usually with some red and, if not, then scutellum is at least distinctly red; wings with the basal comb distinctly larger, the spines denser and longer : . 100. 100. (103) Abdomen above without any very dark, dark reddish pion or black bristles even laterally in both sexes, these bristles being, like the rest of them on thorax, scutellum and abdomen, yellowish, pale golden yellow or very pale reddish or reddish yellow; legs entirely pale ochreous to pale reddish yellow in both sexes 4 : = Ode 101. (102) Wings distinctly tinged mauvish, with tthe Botta anal basal darker part more darkly brownish yellow and more diffuse; pubescence above more uniformly and entirely pale golden yellow to golden, with that in front of wings scarcely deeper yellowish, that on body below scarcely paler, that on mesopleurae and sides of venter basally not being con- spicuously silvery whitish, that towards apex on venter in gd pale ochreous yellow, with the transverse bristles on abdomen in both sexes entirely yellow; interocular space in gg, at narrowest part, about as broad as front part of tubercle, a little more than 3 times as broad as tubercle in 99, with the eyes in §¢ not flattened above and the upper facets only slightly coarser than lower ones; antennae with joint 1 very short, scarcely 2 times in fg, and only about 24 times as long as joint 2 in 99, with 3 slightly shorter and more broadened in basal half, the apical slender part short, with the first terminal joint markedly long; proboscis short, about 3-5 mm. long; sides of abdomen in ¢¢ obscurely and not very extensively reddish; front femora with only about 1-3 spines in front and behind : ‘ : : . 3d 8 aureus n. sp. (p. 446). (And forms of it.) 102. (101) Wings only greyish hyaline, not distinctly tinged mauvish, with the costal and basal darker part only yellowish and much less extensive; pubescence above slightly deeper golden and with even slight fulvous gleams, especially in gg, with that in front of wings distinctly deeper yellowish and even more orange fulvous, that on body below with an almost silvery white vertical band on mesopleurae and also with con- spicuous silvery white hair on sides of venter near base, that towards apex of venter in ¢¢ often more fulvous or brownish golden, with the transverse bristles on abdomen slightly deeper and more reddish yellow; interocular space in gg, at narrowest part, scarcely broader than front ocellus, in 2 quite 34 times as broad as tubercle, with the eyes slightly flattened above and with the upper facets very coarse; antennae with joint 1 longer, quite 3 times as long as joint 2, with 3 more elongate, less thickened basally and with the slender part long, with the first terminal joint not markedly long; proboscis longer, more than 5 mm. long; sides of abdomen in ¢¢ broadly and extensively reddened; front femora with more, at least more than 3 spines in front and behind 3 & ventricosus Bezz. (p. 449). (Some forms of it.) A Revision of the Bombylidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 327 103. (100) Abdomen above always with some black or dark bristles, either with a few on sides even if only with 1 or 2 or with more numerous ones especially towards apex, with these bristles entirely black, dark brownish to dark reddish or reddish; legs with the femora in some ¢¢ blackened basally or to beyond middle and if entirely yellowish the sides of the abdomen at least with some blackish bristles : : : ; ? . 104. 104. (111) Abdomen with the transverse bristles across hind margins of tergites above predominantly yellowish, dark yellowish brown, brownish or reddish and if dark blackish brown or blackish ones are present, these are inconspicuous and found only as a few or very few laterally on extreme sides and ventrally towards apex in both sexes and they are usually pale-tipped; pubescence predominantly brassy or golden yellowish: sides of abdomen in gg more extensively reddish; antennal joint 1 in 992 with a tendency to be obscurely reddish or dark reddish brown on certain surfaces . : : : : : 5 4 : . 105. 105. (106) Larger and bulkier species, about 11-13 mm. long and with a wing- length of about 11-12 mm.; wings more vitreous hyaline, only the base, costal cell and first basal cell subopaquely yellowish or ochreous yellowish, with the veins paler yellowish brown or brownish; head with the eyes in gd distinctly flattened above and even in 92 more flattened above, separated in gg by a narrower space, only about as broad as narrow front part of ocellar tubercle or even front ocellus; legs entirely yellowish in both sexes and even the tarsi scarcely darkened, with distinctly more numerous spines on middle femora below and with more, about 10-14 spines on hind ones below; sides of abdomen in §¢ more broadly or extensively reddish; pubescence on the whole deeper gleaming golden, with a more conspicuous and more contrasting band of sericeous whitish hair down middle of pleurae, the hair on face tending to be denser and less brush-like in front in gg and even more bushy in 929, with fewer dark bristles laterally on sides of abdomen 3S & ventricosus Bezz. (p 449). (Some forms of it.) 106. (105) Smaller and less bulky forms, about 6-114 mm. long and with a wing- length of about 6-10 mm.; wings distinctly, though sometimes faintly, tinged mauvish, greyish mauvish, brownish or even reddish, the costal and basal parts slightly more brownish and if yellowish or ochreous wings are at least not hyaline, the veins usually darker or more reddish; head with the eyes in gg and 99 not tending to be flattened above and in gd usually more broadly separated by width of ocellar tubercle and if narrowish the eyes are not flattened above; legs with the femora in dg at least darkened or blackened basally to a variable extent and if entirely yellowish the tarsi are darkened in both sexes, with much fewer spines on middle femora below and less than 10 on hind ones below; sides of abdomen in ¢¢ usually less broadly reddish on sides; pubescence, even if golden, gleaming less markedly and with either a less marked vertical band of whitish pubescence down middle of pleurae or with the whitish more diffused, with more numerous and sometimes more reddish- tinted bristles on sides of abdomen and with the hair on face tending to be concentrated brush-like in front and if not wings are at least tinged . 107. 328 Annals of the South African Museum. 107. (108) Pubescence shorter, with a more closely cropped-off appearance on disc of thorax, that on abdomen shorter, less shaggy, the bristles towards apex shorter and scarcely or not much longer than length of antennae, that on face, especially the darker elements, more concentrated brush- like or tuft-like in front, that on pleurae only slightly paler than above, not contrasting or with a more contrasting whitish vertical band down middle of pleurae, that on body above also sometimes more brassy or sericeous yellowish; head with the face much darker or black, with the proboscis shorter, only about 4-5 mm. long, the spinules below finer, with antennal joint 3 shorter, only a very little longer than or subequal in length to joints 1 and 2 combined, its inner margin at broadest part near base slightly bulging, ending apically in a scarcely visible and inconspicuous terminal basal element bearing a style; legs with the femora, even in 99, slightly more darkened 3 & bombycinus var. pallidispinis n. (p. 410). 108. (107) Pubescence slightly longer, with a less closely shorn-off appearance on thorax, that on abdomen slightly longer, appearing more shaggy, the pubescence and bristles towards apex at least as long or longer than antennae, that on face slightly more dense, with apparently fewer dark bristly elements which do not tend to be concentrated brush-like or tuft-like in front, that on pleurae distinctly more extensively and more contrastingly whitish or with at least the middle part of pleurae vertically more whitish-haired, that on body above deeper and more gleaming golden; head with the face, genae and to a certain extent the head below yellowish or yellowish brown, with the proboscis longer, about 5-8 mm. long, the spinules below more visible, with antennal joint 3 relatively longer, appearing more humped above in basal half and ending apically in a distinctly longer and more conspicuous terminal basal element bearing a style; legs with the femora either entirely yellowish in both sexes or darkened basally in some ¢¢ to a lesser extent . : . 109. 109. (110) Wings distinctly more darkly tinged and more mauvish, the base and costal cell slightly darker and more brownish, the veins much darker and towards apical part almost black, the basal comb more strongly developed; pubescence slightly deeper gleaming golden above, with the sericeous whitish or whitish hair on pleurae more concentrated in a vertical band down middle of pleurae and with the darker bristles on abdomen or sides of abdomen darker and more brownish; head with the interocular space in $d broader and as broad as ocellar tubercle, with the proboscis slightly longer, about 7-8 mm. long, with antennal joint | relatively longer and quite 3, or a little more, times as long as 2 and with the terminal basal element of joint 3 longer; legs with the femora in $¢ at least entirely yellowish . - 6 monticolanus n. sp. (p. 411). 110. (109) Wings tinged diapinothy nondist or reddish greyish, appearing clearer, the base and costal part distinctly more yellowish or ochreous yellowish, the veins much paler and more reddish, the basal comb much smaller; pubescence slightly paler golden above, with the sericeous whitish or more whitish pubescence on pleurae more extensive and more contrasting and with the darker bristles on abdomen paler and more reddish or even reddish; head with the interocular space in ¢¢ distinctly narrower and ee a A Revision of the Bombyludae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 329 only about as broad as front ocellus or front part of ocellar tubercle, with the proboscis slightly shorter and about 5-7 mm. long, with antennal joint 1 relatively shorter and only about, or scarcely, 3 times as long as 2 and with the terminal basal element of 3 slightly shorter; legs with the femora in §¢ at least darkened at bases 3S 2 subcontiguus n. sp. (p. 455). 111. (104) Abdomen with the transverse bristles across hind margins of tergites always with conspicuous and dark blackish brown or black ones, either on most of the tergites laterally and towards apex or even discally or they are more numerous on at least some of the tergites laterally in both sexes; pubescence not always golden and if golden the darker elements on abdomen are more blackish and more conspicuous; sides of abdomen in gd usually less extensively or more obscurely reddish, sometimes entirely black; antennal joint 1 entirely black in both sexes and if tending to be yellowish brownish the darker bristles on abdomen are darker and more numerous . ‘ . alia 112. (123) Antennal joint 1 distinctly shorter, witely about 4 ime as long as joint 2, more often much shorter; legs with the femora in §¢ either entirely black or more extensively blackened to much beyond middle and their bases tending to be darkened even in some 29; sides of abdomen in gd usually with some red, even if only very obscurely; pubescence with the hair on pleural parts, head below and sides of venter on the whole paler, more whitish, more sericeous whitish or at least more con- spicuously or more markedly contrasting with that on body above, with the darker or black transverse bristles on abdomen, especially in 99, encroaching more on the disc above towards apex; wings, apart from the basal and costal infuscation, tending to be more distinctly, even though faintly, tinged reddish, mauvish or brownish mauvish and usually with the discoidal cell more truncate apically, the apical cross vein rarely very much shorter than discal cross vein; hypopygium of j¢ with the process on each side of aedeagus very much flattened and broadened, leaf-like or racket-shaped in apical part, where it is also slightly depressed and spoon-like : : : : . 113. 113. (118) Pubescence on body distinctly longer, more sneeee, that on frons, antennae and face longer, finer and more bushy, especially in jg, that on thorax above not with a closely cropped appearance, that on abdomen much more shaggy and longer, that on body below not markedly con- trasting with that on body above, that in front of wings and, in jg, that towards apical part of venter not or less distinctly deeper yellowish or ochreous; head with the eyes separated above in g¢ by a slightly broader space, about as broad as front part of ocellar tubercle or broader than length of antennal joint 2, the upper facets thus less coarse, with antennal joint | relatively longer, at least 3 times as Pa as 2; Me more slender and with longer hairs on femora below : : . 114. 114. (115) Pubescence on body above gleaming pale sericeous yellowish to yellowish, that on sides of abdomen with a slightly deeper yellowish tint, that on antennae and face even slightly longer in g, with fewer dark bristles on sides of abdomen in ¢, that on body below paler than above; wings less darkly tinged and more reddish mauvish, the veins paler and 330 Annals of the South African Museum. more reddish, the basal comb slightly larger; scutellum more extensively reddish and sides of abdomen in § also with more reddish, the legs with the femora even in ¢ less extensively darkened and then more sienna brownish; head with the interocular space in ¢ slightly narrower, the inner margins of eyes bounding this space and tubercle much longer, with antennal joint | distinctly longer and nearly 4 times as long as 2 hypopygium of ¢ (text-fig. 118) . : . 6 altivolans n. sp. (p. 450). 115. (114) Pubescence above paler and gleaming more sericeous whitish in both sexes, that below scarcely paler, that on sides of abdomen in g¢ also more whitish, and even in 99 only feebly tinted yellowish, the entire pubescence thus more whitish, that on antennae and face slightly shorter, with more numerous and more conspicuous blackish or black bristles on sides and towards apical part of abdomen in both sexes; wings slightly darker, the costal and basal part darker subopaquely brownish, the veins darker and the basal comb smaller; scutellum almost entirely black in §¢ or obscurely reddish in both sexes and sides of abdomen in $d entirely black and legs in both sexes tending to be darker, the femora at least much darker in both sexes; head with the interocular space on vertex in §¢ slightly broader, the inner margins of eyes bounding the tubercle much shorter, with antennal joint 1 shorter, only about 3, or a little more, times as long as 2; hypopygium of ¢ (text-fig. 112) . 116. 116. (117) Wings on the whole darker, more distinctly subopaquely mauvish or smoky mauvish, with the basal and costal darker brownish iofuscation slightly more extensive, extending more into second basal cell; pubes- cence without any distinct more yellowish hairs on each side in front of wings and without a few intermixed dark ones in this tuft 3S 2 montanus n. sp. (p. 438). 117. (116) Wings less darkly mauvish, with the basal and costal part slightly paler brownish, the second basal cell much clearer; pubescence with a distinct more yellowish tuft in front of wing bases, containing distinct intermixed blackish hairs . ‘ 3 montanus (slight var.) (p. 440). 118. (113) Pubescence on body distinotly tel shorter, not shaggy, that on frons, antennae and face shorter and more brush-like, that on thorax above with a shorn-off appearance in g¢ especially, that on abdomen less shaggy and shorter, that on body below more markedly contrastingly whitish than above, that in front of wings and, in ¢4, that towards apex of venter deeper or more ochreous yellowish; head with the eyes more narrowly separated above in gg by a space only about as broad or a little broader than front ocellus or not broader than antennal joint 2 is long, the upper facets thus coarser, with antennal joint 1 relatively shorter, slightly less, or distinctly less, than 3 times as long as 2; legs stouter and with shorter hairs on femora below. : ¥ » LOE 119. (120) Legs with the femora almost entirely or entirely black in gg, blackened to much beyond middle in 99; pubescence predominantly sericeous whitish in $g, sericeous whitish to creamy yellowish above in 99, that towards apical part and sides of venter only feebly yellowish in 3g, not markedly ochreous yellowish to ochreous brownish, that on pleurae, pectus and sides of venter basally not so contrastingly gleaming sericeous whitish . : : : . & & affinis var. discrepans n. (p. 455). A Revision of the Bombyludae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 331 120. (119) Legs with only the bases or basal halves of femora black in ¢¢, or at least with the apical parts more yellowish, only blackened or darkened at bases in 99, or a greater part of the apices yellowish or even entirely yellowish in 99; pubescence predominantly creamy yellowish to even golden yellowish above in 3g and yellowish or golden in 99, that towards apex and sides of venter in g¢ distinctly more ochreous yellowish to ochreous brownish, that on pleurae, pectus, metapleural tuft and sides of venter basally more gleaming sericeous whitish, thus more contrasting with the yellowish pubescence and that in front of wings on each side more distinctly yellowish to orange in some specimens ‘ : ; é 3 : 5 ; , 5 Pall 121. (122) Interocular space in §¢ slightly broader and narrowest part much shorter than length of ocellar tubercle; legs with the femora in both sexes more extensively darkened basally; pubescence slightly longer, that on antennae predominantly black, that on dise of thorax with a less shorn-off appearance in g¢ at least and that on disc in QQ also slightly longer, with the bristles on abdomen distinctly longer in both sexes and black in 99; wings with the basal infuscation slightly darker brownish and the veins also darker; hypopygium of ¢ (text- fig. 119, a and b) ' 5 : : . 6 QP affinis n. sp. (p. 452). 122. (121) Interocular space in ¢ distinctly narrower and narrowest part subequal in length to tubercle; legs in ¢ at least only darkened at extreme bases of femora, entirely yellowish in 29; pubescence shorter, that on antennae below with more numerous yellowish hairs, that on disc of thorax in $ with a more cropped-off appearance and that in 99 also apparently shorter, with the bristles on abdomen apparently shorter in both sexes and reddish in 99; wings with the basal infuscation slightly paler brownish and the veins paler reddish brown to reddish; hypopygium of g (text-fig. 121) . 5 ‘ . 3d & subcontiguus n. sp. (p. 455). 123. (112) Antennal joint 1 distinctly longer, at least 4 or more times as long as joint 2; legs with the femora in gg predominantly yellowish, only the bases being blackened, entirely yellowish in 99; sides of abdomen in 3g entirely black like rest of abdomen; pubescence with the hair on pleural parts and even base of venter less conspicuously white and contrasting, with the black transverse bristles on abdomen only extending to the midline above on last few segments (5-7); wings more distinctly greyish hyaline, not distinctly tinged mauvish, only the base, costal cell, first basal cell and extreme base (to a variable extent) being yellowish brown, brownish or mauvish brown, with the discoidal cell usually more subacute apically, the apical cross vein being usually shorter than the discal cross vein; hypopygium in §¢ with the process on each side of aedeagus slender and narrow throughout, its apical part not conspicuously broadened and leaf-like : ; ; i ‘ : ; . 124, 124. (127) Interocular space in gg much narrower, only about as broad as front ocellus, tending to be only about 3 times as broad as tubercle in 99; antennae with joint 1 slightly shorter, only about 34-4 times as long as joint 2, with joint 3 less rapidly narrowed towards apex or with a shorter apical slender part, the joint on the whole shorter; wings tending to be distinctly darker and more brownish at base, in costal cell, first basal cell 332 Annals of the South African Museum. and even in second basal cell to a variable extent, with the veins much darker, very dark blackish brown to almost black . : 125; 125. (126) Pubescence on body predominantly more yellowish, creamy 7 yelliswial to pale yellowish golden in both sexes, that towards apex of abdomen only slightly paler and creamy whitish to yellowish; scutellum usually more extensively reddened or entirely reddish; legs with the femora in 6d only darkened at extreme bases in some specimens, the hind ones being entirely yellowish . . & & silvaticus var. turner n. (p. 500). 126. (125) Pubescence on body entirely or predominantly whitish, straw-coloured whitish to pale straw-coloured yellowish in both sexes, that towards apex of abdomen in gg and even 99 distinctly more white; scutellum with a tendency to be less red and sometimes only so discally; legs with the femora in g¢ often darkened to about middle 3 8 silvaticus var. turneri n. (p. 500). (Pale form.) 127. (124) Interocular space in §¢ slightly broader and distinctly broader than front ocellus, about 14-2 times as broad as front ocellus, tending to be a little more than 3 times as broad as tubercle in 99; antennae with joint | distinctly longer, about 4-5, or more, times as long as joint 2, with joint 3 usually distinctly more rapidly narrowed apically, the apical slender part usually more slender and longer; wings either less dark in costal cell and base or, when distinctly darkish, it is less conspicuous, with the veins slightly less dark and more brownish 3 & silvaticus n. sp. (p. 497). 128. (75) Wings distinctly less extensively or diffusely infuscated at base, this whitish, pale yellowish white, pale yellowish, pale brownish yellow to brownish basal infuscation confined to the base, costal cell, first basal cell and often the alula, never extending into bases of first posterior and discoidal cells and with the second basal cell always entirely or for the greater part clear or hyaline or greyish hyaline like the rest of the wings, never darker than discoidal cell, with the rest of wing more often hyaline or greyish hyaline, rarely distinctly tinged mauvish or brownish mauvish 129. 129. (172) Abdomen in both sexes entirely with whitish, yellowish, golden yellowish, reddish to reddish brown bristles discally or on sides, without any conspicuous or extensive black bristles on sides and, if such are present, only very few, 1 or 2, are found laterally near apex in gd and a few in 9 also confined to sides apically : : . 130. 130. (133) Legs with all the spines and spicules entirely vellowian or pallid; pubescence entirely brilliantly gleaming silvery whitish above and entirely or predominantly so below, without any dark or blackish bristles or bristly hairs on any part of body, without distinct stouter bristly hairs on face or on frons; eyes in known ¢ in actual contact above for a distance at least as long as tubercle, the upper facets very much coarser than lower ones ; : . 131. 131. (1382) Legs entirely very diel or blacks the scipulesey very nbouly developed, especially on front tibiae and with the 9-10 spines on hind femora below slightly flattened and adpressed to femora; antennae with joint 1 relatively longer, quite 3 times as long as 2 and with 3 quite 14 times as A Revision of the Bombylidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 333 long as 1 and 2 combined; pubescence on the whole short, fine and pubescent; slightly larger, about 8 mm. long and with a wing-length of about 8mm. . . 3 argyropogonus n. sp. (p. 458). 132. (131) Legs with only ve fede ee blackish brown, the tibiae being distinctly yellowish, the spicules on tibiae less poorly developed, and the 3—4 spines on hind femora more slender, not flattened and not slightly adpressed to femora; antennae with joint 1 relatively shorter, only a little more than 2 times as long as 2 and with 3 also shorter and only a little longer than 1 and 2 combined; pubescence on the whole slightly longer and more shaggy; slightly smaller, about 5 mm. long, with a wing-leneth of 5 mm. : - 2 candidus n. sp. (p. 459). 133. (130) Legs with all the spines and sities not cutively yellowish, predomi- nantly black, and those on hind tibiae always black and even some on front and middle tibiae black; pubescence not entirely silvery whitish above and below, always with some or numerous intermixed dark or black bristly hairs or bristles on frons in 99 and on face in both sexes, and even with blackish or dark transverse bristles on abdomen, always with some stouter hairs or bristles on frons and face; eyes in §¢ never in actual contact above, either very narrowly separated or widely separated, the upper facets not so obviously and Rae ce, coarser than lower ones : . 134. 134. (139) Wings distinctly, ioueli faintly: dotnseiniees more oe tinged mauvish or mauvish brown throughout, with the base, costal cell and first basal cell slightly darker and more subopaquely or opaquely yellowish or pale yellowish brown; antennal joint 1 much shorter, only about 2-3 times as long as joint 2 : : . 135. 135. (138) Antennae with joint 3 comparatively sors sia or tadbequal to, or only very slightly longer than 1 and 2 combined, more rapidly broadened basally, especially in 99, and more so along inner or lower side, thus forming a subangular prominence just before middle, with the first terminal joint bearing style small and insignificant; legs with the femora in gd always darkened or blackened basally to even beyond middle and even darkened in 99 along front and upper surfaces, with the tarsi and even certain surfaces of the tibiae darkened; interocular space in 6S broader, about as broad as ocellar tubercle; pubescence with the mauvish black bristly hairs on face slightly shorter but more densely concentrated and brush-like on face in front and the hair on frons in 92 not reddish or orange; hypopygium of ¢ (text-fig. 101) . : . 136. 136. (137) Pubescence on body tending to be predominantly yellowish, brassy to golden yellowish, with some or numerous transverse bristles on sides of abdomen pale reddish, reddish yellow to reddish brown in both sexes; legs with the femora in g¢ usually less extensively darkened and less so in 99, even entirely yellow in 99 and usually with more than 5 spines on hind ones below; sides of abdomen in ¢¢ usually more extensively and broadly red; scutellum tending to be more extensively red db bombycinus var. pallidispinis n. (p. 410). 137. (136) Pubescence on body tending to be paler, often very pale sericeous yellowish to whitish, with all the bristles on side of abdomen paler, whitish or yellowish; legs with almost, or the entire, femora in ¢¢ ood Annals of the South African Museum. blackened and even the tibiae more darkened, the femora in 99 often also entirely dark and even blackish in basal halves, usually with fewer spines, 4-6, on hind ones below; sides of abdomen in gg scarcely reddened; scutellum tending to be much more obscurely reddened discally, often almost entirely dark in jg 3 Q bombycinus n. sp. (Variety) (p. 407). 138. (135) Antennae with joint 3 longer and distinctly longer than 1 and 2 139. 140. 141. 142. 143. combined, less rapidly broadened basally and not markedly subangularly prominent below nearer base, with the first terminal joint usually markedly elongate and conspicuous; legs in both sexes entirely pale ochreous yellow, the femora not or scarcely darkened along certain surfaces and only the apical parts of tarsi darkened; interocular space in gg much narrower, only about as broad as narrow front part of tubercle; pubescence on body above and below entirely deep golden yellow and all the bristles on abdomen golden yellow, with the black bristly hairs on face slightly longer and more distributed on face and not tending to be concentrated in front and depressed pubescence on frons and face in 2° deep orange golden; hypopygium of ¢ (text-fig. 116) & 2 aureus n. sp. (p. 446). (134) Wings only feebly subopaquely greyish hyaline or hyaline, not tinged mauvish throughout, though the base and costal parts may be subopaquely yellowish or even darker; antennal joint 1 aii) hain longer and longer than 3 times as long as joint 2 . ; 5 . 140. (161) All or the majority of the spines or spicules in fies upper outer row on the front tibiae black, not pallid or yellowish like those in the lower outer row; spines on hind femora below, in both sexes, entirely black; transverse rows of bristles on abdomen rarely without some black ones laterally, especially towards apex of abdomen in 99 and, in majority of species, with a few, even if only 1 or 2, bes es. ones laterally towards apexin gg also. : : ; . 141. (152) Abdomen without any or with only 1 or 2 or very few, inconspicuous dark or blackish, pale-tipped bristles laterally near apical end in gg and without any or with a few more pale-tipped black ones in 99 laterally and more or less confined to apical part of abdomen 5 . . 142. (145) Legs entirely very dark or black in both sexes or the femora in §¢ at least almost entirely black or the apical parts of hind tibiae and the entire hind tarsi in 9° at least are blackish; pubescence with the bristly hairs on frons, antennae and face predominantly or almost entirely black, without any black or darkish transverse bristles on abdomen in both sexes : . 143. (144) Legs entirely very danies or laa in Lipa sexes, with fe spines on hind femora below more brownish and with the spicules on front tibiae above more poorly developed; wings distinctly with yellowish brown in costal cell, base, first basal cell and even slightly in second basal cell, with the first posterior cell distinctly more acute apically; scutellum entirely black and sides of abdomen also entirely black; interocular space in 9 quite 4 times as broad as tubercle; antennal joint 1 relatively longer, quite or nearly 4 times as long as 2; proboscis only about 3 mm. long . : ; , : ; ; 3 2 faustus n. sp. (p. 444). A Revision of the Bombyludae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 335 144. (143) Legs with the femora black in § and the apices of hind tibiae and the hind tarsi darkened in both sexes, with the spines on hind femora below black and with the spicules on front tibiae well developed; wings with only the base, costal cell and part of first basal cell subopaquely very pale yellowish brownish or yellowish, with the first posterior cell distinctly less acute and normal apically; scutellum with red discally and sides of abdomen in ¢ slightly reddish; interocular space in 9 less than 4 times as broad as tubercle; antennal joint 1 shorter, only about, or scarcely, 3 times as long as 2; proboscis longer, about 34-4 mm. long So 2 salticolus n. sp. (p. 460). 145. (142) Legs entirely yellowish in both sexes or if darkened in g¢ then only at base, with the apical parts of hind tibiae never blackened and at least basal parts of tarsi yellowish even in 99; pubescence with distinctly more numerous yellowish bristly hairs on head in both sexes, usually with a few or some darker and even blackish bristles on sides of abdomen even if only towards apex in 9° . . 146. 146. (147) Larger species, 11-13 mm. long, Bane a wing- length of about l1- 12 mm.; pubescence above deeper and more uniformly golden yellow or even more fulvous, with deep golden gleams, that towards apex of abdomen in gd less whitish and also more golden, that in front of wings deep golden yellow to orange golden or fulvous, with a conspicuous contrasting vertical band of silvery white pubescence on mesopleural part and also with a conspicuous silvery whitish patch on each side at base of venter; wings slightly more greyish hyaline, with the costal and basal parts more pale yellowish brown, with the basal comb large and strongly developed; sides of abdomen in $¢ very broadly and extensively red; interocular space in g¢ about as broad as, or scarcely broader than, front ocellus; eyes in g¢ distinctly more flattened above and the upper facets very coarse; legs with the front and middle femora armed below with numerous spines in front and behind in both sexes and with more numerous, about 9-14, spines on hind ones below S 2 ventricosus Bezz. (p. 449). (Some forms of it.) 147. (146) Smaller species, about 63-114 mm. long, with a wing-length of about 6-10 mm.; pubescence above ranging from sericeous whitish to pale yellowish sericeous in ¢g, pale creamy yellowish to pale golden yellowish in 9° and with sericeous or brassy gleams, that on apical part of abdomen in $¢ paler and often almost white, that on sides in front of wings only slightly deeper or more yellowish than above, that on pleural parts and base of venter either uniformly paler yellowish or whitish, without distinct contrasting bands or very conspicuous silvery whitish hair on pleurae and venter; wings entirely hyaline or vitreous hyaline, with only the base, costal cell and first basal cell very pale whitish or yellowish, with the basal comb less strongly developed; sides of abdomen in gg entirely black or very obscurely and indistinctly reddened; interocular space in g¢¢ slightly broader, about as broad as front part of tubercle, broader than front ocellus; eyes in gd not markedly flattened above and with the upper facets not very conspicuously coarser than lower ones; legs without or with only 1, or at least much fewer, spines in front 336 Annals of the South African Museum. and behind on front and middle femora and with usually fewer, not more than 10, spines on hind ones below : ? : : : . 148. 148. (151) Pubescence shorter, denser and, on thorax above, comparatively shorter, varying from whitish sericeous to creamy yellowish or to brassy and even golden yellowish, tending, however, to be more constantly creamy yellowish or pale brassy yellow, with the bristly black hairs on frons and sides of face in gg distinctly shorter or about subequal to antennal joint 3, without any or with only a very few dark bristles laterally and ventrally towards apex of abdomen in both sexes; antennal joint 3, including terminal joints, always longer than 1 and 2 combined, thickened near base and very gradually narrowed to apex; legs com- paratively thicker; hypopygium of §g with the arch, formed by lateral- rami from basal parts, at base of aedeagus, well developed and raised, with the clavate process on each side of aedeagus shorter and the lateral struts less developed . ‘ : : fe : : 5 . 149. 149. (150) Larger forms, 8-114 mm. long, with a wing-length of about 84-10 mm.; proboscis more than 3 mm. long; antennal joints 1 and 2 black and 3 longer and, comparatively more slender apically, with the first terminal joint well developed; legs with the front femora more often armed with a few small spines in front and behind; sides of abdomen in g¢ entirely black; face in front with denser and more numerous yellowish hairs in 64; interocular space in §g comparatively broader, at narrowest part about as broad as front part of ocellar tubercle; wings broader and distinctly much broader towards base than apically; hypopygium of J with the inner apical angle or process not projecting beyond apices of basal parts, with the basal strut very broad, racket-shaped and with a deep angular dorsal sinuosity . ; . & 2 mtus Wied. (p. 501). (Variety of it.) 150. (149) Smaller form, about 64-8 mm. long, with a wing-length of about 6-7 mm.; proboscis shorter, about 3 mm. long; antennal joints 1 and 2 more brownish, and 3 shorter, thicker apically and with the first terminal joint minute and scarcely discernible; legs with the front femora un- armed; sides of abdomen in g¢ often distinctly, though feebly, reddish towards apex; face in front with the hair distinctly less dense, with fewer and more inconspicuous yellowish hairs; interocular space com- paratively narrower, at narrowest part subequal to or scarcely broader than front ocellus; wings distinctly narrower and towards base scarcely much broader than apically; hypopygium of g with the inner apical angle slightly more developed and distinctly projecting beyond apices of basal parts, with the basal strut narrower and its dorsal sinuosity less deep and angular , : ; 3 2 marshalli Par. (p. 462). 151. (148) Pubescence distinctly longer, more recumbent and slightly less dense, longer on thorax above, paler, more whitish to straw-coloured whitish or yellowish, that on abdomen in 3g whiter towards apex, with the black bristly hairs on frons and face in gg distinctly longer than antennal joint 3, without any or with more darkish bristles towards apex of abdomen, especially in 99; antennal joint 3, including terminal joints, more often distinctly shorter than 1 and 2 combined, distinctly more club-shaped, comparatively much broader in basal third or fourth, from A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 337 where they are slightly more rapidly narrowed apically to slightly beyond middle; legs comparatively more slender and the tibiae longer; hypopygium of § with the arch at base of aedeagus less raised and less developed, with the clavate process, on each side of aedeagus, longer and projecting more : : = . 6 Q anthophilus n. sp. (p. 466). 152. (141) Abdomen always with a good few, a large number or at least with more numerous and more conspicuous, more than | or 2, black or dark bristles laterally and ventrally on last few segments in $g, always with more and a variable number of distinct and conspicuous black bristles on sides towards apex or from segments 2-6 in 99°. : : . 153. 153. (154) Scutellum entirely black; legs in both sexes entirely black or very dark blackish brown, with the spines on hind femora below and on hind tibiae yellowish brown to brownish, with the spicules on front tibiae above small, sparse and comparatively poorly developed; face ap- parently more truncate and slightly less conical in front; interocular space in 9° very broad, at least 4 times as broad as tubercle; antennal joint 3 in g¢ at least short and rod-like; wings more greyish hyaline, with the costal and basal darker parts darker and more brownish, slightly more extensive and even slightly extending into second basal cell, more distinctly infuscated in gg: hind femora with only about 4 or 6 spines below : ‘ : 2 : : - & 2 poweri n. sp. (p. 440). 154. (153) Scutellum red or reddish; legs not entirely black or dark, entirely yellowish or with the femora darkened only at extreme bases in some 64, with the spines on hind femora and tibiae black, with the spicules on front tibiae above as well developed as on middle ones, also more numerous; face slightly more conically prominent in front; interocular space in 9° narrower, distinctly less than 4 times as broad as tubercle; antennal joint 3 longer and even very long, distinctly thickened basally and gradually narrowed apically; wings more hyaline, with the costal and basal parts very pale yellowish white to yellowish, the yellowish confined to costal cell, base and first basal cell, not extending into second basal cell; hind femora usually with more than 5 spines below 155. 155. (156) Larger form, about 11-13 mm. long, with a wing-length of about 11-12 mm.; pubescence deeper and more distinctly deep golden or orange golden, with golden gleams, that on sides in front of wings, especially in §¢. also deeper golden and more orange fulvous, that on mesopleural part with a conspicuous vertical band of silvery whitish hair and that at base of venter similarly silvery white, with the transverse bristles on abdomen slightly deeper yellowish in 29 and in both sexes often with more blackish or dark ones laterally and apically; sides of abdomen in $$ very broadly red; interocular space in §¢ very narrow, as broad as, or scarcely broader than, front ocellus; eyes in gg more distinctly flattened above and with the upper facets very coarse; wings slightly more greyish hyaline in certain lights and considerably broader at base in $3, with the costal and basal darker parts deeper yellowish to pale yellowish brown, slightly more extensive and extending into extreme bases of second basal and anal cells, with the basal comb more strongly developed and the squamal fringe more orange fulvous; legs with more 338 Annals of the South African Museum. numerous spines in front and behind on front and middle femora and with slightly more numerous, 9-14, spines on hind ones below Certain $¢ 29 ventricosus Bezz. (p. 449). 156. (155) Comparatively smaller and less bulky species, about 6-114 mm. long, with a wing-length of about 5-10 mm.; pubescence ranging from almost sericeous whitish to pale creamy yellowish or straw-coloured yellow in gd, creamy yellowish, brassy yellow to pale golden yellowish in 99 and with more sericeous gleams in both sexes, that on sides in front of wings not or not so fulvous or orange golden, that on pleural parts and sides of venter basally more uniformly paler yellowish or more whitish and without a very distinct vertical silvery band, with the transverse bristles on abdomen, in 39 at least, paler and more whitish or pale yellowish and with fewer black ones intermixed laterally in both sexes; sides of abdomen in gg entirely black or only very indistinctly and obscurely reddish towards apex; interocular space in g¢ broader, a little or much broader than front ocellus; eyes in jg not very visibly flattened above and with the upper facets only a little more coarse than lower ones; wings entirely hyaline or vitreous hyaline, scarcely broader basally even in gg and the apex is more rounded, with the costal cell, base and first basal cell being alone subopaquely whitish or feebly yellowish white, with the basal comb less developed and even poorly in some forms, with the squamal fringe not orange fulvous; legs with fewer spines in front and behind on front and middle femora and hind ones also with fewer, usually less than 10, spines below ; : LT, 157. (160) Slightly larger forms, about 74-114 mm. long, with a wing-length of about 7-10 mm.; proboscis longer, more than 3 mm. long; antennae darker and more blackish brown or black; face and head below black; frons in gg with the central furrow more or less well developed and distinct throughout its length, with the frontal triangle in gg larger and broader, the inner margins of eyes very rapidly diverging apically, with the distance across bases of antennae equal to or subequal to width of eyes at same level; dark bristly hairs on frons and face black in jg and very dark blackish brown to black in 99, that on face in front denser and predominantly yellowish in 99; black bristles on abdomen in 99 present only on sides; front femora armed or unarmed below . . 158. 158. (159) Legs with the femora in g blackened to middle or to | middle, without any apical spines above on front and middle femora, the front ones unarmed below and the hind ones with about 5-7 spines below; interocular space in 4 slightly broader, at least 2 times as broad as front ocellus, with the inner margin of eye from hind angle to point of diver- gence in front much shorter, equal to or subequal to 2 times narrowest part of interocular space; antennae with joint 1 more than 4 times as long as joint 2, with 3 shorter, less thickened basally and more rod- shaped; pubescence on body above and below more silvery whitish and that on abdomen above distinctly purer silvery white and the pectus also with whiter hair; wings with the basal comb more feebly developed, the basal spines being much shorter than length of first antennal joint, with a tendency for discoidal cell to be more obtuse or truncate apically 3 deceptus n. sp. (p. 506). (Karoo-form det. albidus Bezz. nec Lw.) A Revision of the Bombylidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 339 159. (158) Legs with the femora in g¢¢ as in 99 entirely yellow or only slightly darkened at extreme bases, more often with a few small spines above apically on front and middle femora, the front ones often armed below with 1 or 2 spines in front and behind and the hind ones usually with about 5-9 spines below; interocular space in g¢ distinctly narrower, less than 2 times as broad as front ocellus, with the inner margin of eye, on each side of tubercle, from hind angle to point of divergence anteriorly distinctly much longer than 2 times the interocular space; antennae with joint 1 only about 4, or less than 4, times as long as joint 2, with 3 longer and distinctly more thickened basally and less rod-shaped even in gg; pubescence above and below more creamy yellowish or even yellowish in jg, more golden yellowish in 99, that on abdomen above in gg more creamy yellowish and that on pectoral part, even in ¢¢, less silvery whitish; wings with the basal comb better developed, the spines being at least equal to or subequal to length of first antennal joint, with the discoidal cell tending to be less obtuse and often distinctly more subacute apically ; : : - 6 2 meatus Wied. (p. 501). (Some forms of it.) 160. (157) Slightly smaller form, about 6-7 mm. long, with a wing-length of about 5-64 mm.; proboscis much shorter, 23-3 mm. long; antennae paler and more reddish brown; face paler and more reddish brown; frons in 6 with the central furrow less distinct and indicated only posteriorly, with the frontal triangle in g smaller, the inner margins of eyes less rapidly diverging apically, the distance across bases of antennae being distinctly much less than width of eyes at same level; bristly hairs on frons and face in g brownish or reddish purple and reddish or fulvous brown in 9, that on face in front less dense, being predominantly more orange to orange fulvous, especially in 2; black or dark bristles on sides of abdomen in 9 at least more numerous and even found discally above on segment 6; front femora unarmed below 3S P exiguus n. sp. (p. 464). (Syn. = ctenopterus Bezz. nec Mik.) 161. (140) All or the majority of the spines or spicules in the upper outer row on the front tibiae pallid or yellowish like those in the lower outer row; spines on hind femora below, especially in 29, more often also with a few or a large number of pallid or yellowish ones; transverse rows of bristles on abdomen above entirely whitish or yellowish in both sexes, rarely dark and if so they are more reddish, pale reddish brown to brownish . 162. 162. (165) Pubescence whitish sericeous, straw-coloured whitish or yellowish to very pale creamy yellowish in both sexes, that on abdomen towards apex in both sexes always almost entirely white, with the transverse bristles on abdomen in both sexes entirely white or whitish, only those towards apex in some 99 sometimes slightly brownish, but without any golden ones; sides of abdomen in known g¢ entirely black; legs with the femora, in known 64, blackened to much beyond middle . : liGae 163. (164) Pubescence entirely whitish sericeous, straw-coloured to Baie creamy yellowish, with the transverse bristles on abdomen in both sexes entirely white or whitish, that on pleurae and pectus, sides of venter, in meta- pleural tuft and in squamal fringe distinctly whiter; wings with a 340 Annals of the South African Museum. distinct, but faint, subopaquely whitish tint, with extreme base sub- opaquely whitish to very pale yellowish white; face in 99 at least with comparatively fewer black hairs, the pale ones predominating and are also denser, with that in gg even denser, black, more greyish in front due to intermixed pale ones; legs with the spines on hind femora below, especially in 99, often with some or a large number of pallid or whitish ones; antennae black ; 5 . 6 & xerophilus n. sp. (p. 467). 164. (163) Pubescence more distinctly straw-coloured whitish or yellowish, with the transverse bristles on abdomen in @ at least not entirely white, brownish on sides and towards apex, hair on pleurae and pectus, sides of venter much duller and inclining more towards straw-coloured yellowish, that in metapleural tuft and squamal fringe more distinctly creamy yellowish; wings more vitreous hyaline, less distinctly tinted whitish, more subopaquely and feebly reddish, with the extreme base slightly more pale ochreous yellow; face in 2 with slightly more numerous very dark reddish brown hairs, with fewer pale ones which are distinctly more whitish and less dense; legs with 1 or 2 reddish yellow or brownish spines in addition to blackish ones; antennae with joint 3 more brownish 2 ngribarbus v. falsus n. (p. 485). 165. (162) Pubescence more distinctly yellow, yellow sericeous to pale golden yellow and even deep lemon yellow to ochreous yellow, not whitish, that on abdomen apically in both sexes pale yellowish to yellow, with the transverse bristles on abdomen in both sexes entirely yellow or golden and in some 9@ reddish yellow to brownish or reddish near apex, the rest of these, however, entirely yellow; sides of abdomen in gg always with some distinct red or reddish; legs entirely yellow or only darkened in basal halves of femora in some ¢¢ , . 166. 166. (169) Antennae almost entirely pale reddish brown or ello in both sexes, with the third joints, if darker, distinctly paler reddish brown or brownish, not distinctly black; pubescence slightly paler, more sulphur yellow to pale golden yellow, with the hair on face less dense and with the black hairs, in ¢¢, intermixed with more numerous and more con- spicuous paler yellowish or golden ones, with the transverse bristles on abdomen in both sexes entirely yellowish or golden like rest of hair; face in front reddish or brownish; legs entirely pale ochreous yellow or yellowish in both sexes, with the front tarsi in 92 not comparatively short, distinctly very much longer than front tibiae . ‘ . 16K, 167. (168) Wings faintly, but distinctly, tinged mauvish or reddish brownish; pubescence above in g pale yellow, more golden in 9, with a more ochreous yellow apical tuft on abdomen; face less distinctly reddish brown in front; interocular space in ¢ distinctly broader, at narrowest part, as broad as front part of ocellar tubercle or about as broad as length of antennal joint 2, about 3 times as broad as tubercle in 9, with the upper facets in eyes in 3 only imperceptibly coarser than lower ones; proboscis slightly shorter, about 33-4 mm. long; legs with the majority of spines, especially on middle and hind ones, and the spines on hind femora below black; hypopygium of g with the process, on each side of aedeagus, flattened and considerably broadened, leaf-like apically 3 8 rufiarticularis n. sp. (p. 480). A Revision of the Bombyludae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 341 168. (167) Wings less tinged, almost vitreous hyaline and with a feeble whitish tint in certain lights; pubescence above in ¢ more sulphur or lemon yellow and more golden in 9, without the apical part of abdomen being more ochreous yellow; face more extensively and more distinctly yellowish to reddish brown; interocular space in ¢ distinctly narrower, at narrowest part, as broad as front ocellus or considerably narrower than length of antennal joint 2, more than 3 times as broad tubercle in 9, with the upper facets in eyes in g markedly coarser than lower ones; proboscis longer, about 4-43 mm. long; legs with almost all the spines yellowish to pale yellowish brown; hypopygium of ¢$ with the process, on each side of aedeagus, not characteristically broadened and leaf-like apically . ; ; : 3 & chlamydicterus n. sp. (p. 482). 169. (166) Antennae entirely black or at least not reddish brown or yellowish in 36d, but joints 1 and 2 may be yellowish in some 29; pubescence deeper yellowish and more often ochreous or fulvous yellow, with the hair on face denser and longer, with more numerous and more predominantly black ones in gg, the pale ones being visible only round buccal rim in front, with the transverse bristles on abdomen, in 29 at least, deeper yellow, often more golden reddish and even brownish towards apex; face entirely black; legs with the basal parts of femora in ¢¢ black; with the front tarsi in 92 comparatively short, almost equal to or only slightly longer than front tibiae . : ; 5 LOS 170. (171) Antennae entirely black or very dark reddish beowind in Hoth sexes; sides of abdomen in §g with some red or reddish; pubescence on body below, especially in 99, distinctly paler and more whitish, with the transverse bristles on abdomen in ¢¢ either entirely yellowish or with a few darker yellowish or reddish ones laterally near apex and with distinctly deeper, more reddish yellow, reddish brown and even distinctly brownish ones laterally and ventro-apically in 29; interocular space in 29 usually slightly narrower, scarcely 3$ times as broad as tubercle; legs with the majority of the spines on middle and hind femora below and those above on middle tibiae black; wings with a tendency for discoidal cell to be slightly less acute or subacute apically ; - fo 2 ngribarbus Lw. (p. 483). (Including forms.) 171. (170) Antennae entirely black in $g, but with joints 1 and 2 yellowish in 99; sides of abdomen in g¢ black; pubescence on body below, especially in 99, more yellowish, with the transverse bristles on abdomen in both sexes entirely yellow and not darker ventro-apically; interocular space in 29 slightly broader, quite 34 times as broad as tubercle; legs with the majority of the spines on middle and hind femora and on middle tibiae above yellowish; wings with a tendency for discoidal cell to be more acute apically . é : : . 6 Qchrystallinus Bezz. (p. 486). (Ex. descr. and labelled 9.) 172. (129) Abdomen with distinct and more conspicuous transverse dark or black bristles across hind margins of most of the segments on sides in both sexes and these bristles in both sexes often not entirely confined to extreme sides, with those in 99 more often also found on disc laterally above of even segments 2-4 and usually with some or even most of those on segments 5 and 6 discally above also dark or black . : . EIS: VOL. XXXIV. 23 342 Annals of the South African Museum. 173. (174) All or the majority of the spines or spicules in the upper outer row on the front tibiae pallid or yellowish like those in lower outer row; pubes- cence above, especially on abdomen, more ochreous yellow and even more so apically in 9; legs with the front tarsi in 99 markedly short, almost subequal to front tibiae; antennal joint 3 tending to be more brownish . . Some 9 forms of nigribarbus Lw. var. falsus n. (p. 485). 174. (173) All the spines or spicules in upper outer row on front tibiae entirely black; pubescence above, especially on abdomen, usually paler and more yellowish, not deep ochreous and the apex not deeper yellowish in 99 or gd; legs with the front tarsi in 92 much longer than front tibiae; antennae entirely black é ; : ; . 175. 175. (178) Pubescence on head below, pectus, laterals parts of pleauaal the meta- pleural tuft and sides of venter conspicuously frosty or chalky white, markedly contrasting with the straw-coloured whitish or yellowish to brassy or golden yellowish pubescence on body above . i . 176. 176. (177) Pubescence above pale straw-coloured yellowish to creamy yellowish in $d, pale yellowish to brassy or golden yellowish in 99, with the frosty white hair below less extensive and concentrated more on propleurae, pleural regions and sides of venter, with the sides in front of wings pale yellowish haired in fg and pale golden yellowish in 29, with the transverse bristles on abdomen tending to be irregularly arranged in two rows across hind margins, with the coxal bristles in 9° straw-coloured yellowish to yellowish; legs more dark brownish, the front faces of femora and tibiae darkened by black hair-like scaling, with about 9-10 spines on hind ones below; interocular space in g¢ very nearly in contact, subequal to width of front ocellus, in 99 more than 3 times as broad as tubercle; wings distinctly greyish hyaline, the extreme base and costal cell yellowish brown to brownish, with upper part of fringe on squamae ochreous, containing some intermixed dark hairs 3 2 albipectus n. sp. (p. 486). (Syn. = miatus Bezz. nec Wied.) 177. (176) Pubescence above more uniformly paler and more whitish, with frosty whitish hair below more extensive and occupying the entire body below, with that on sides in front of wings paler, dull straw-coloured whitish and not yellow, with the transverse bristles on abdomen apparently less dense and with a tendency for the rows to be single dorsally, with the coxal bristles entirely frosty or chalky white; legs paler, pale ochreous yellow, the front faces of the femora and tibiae without extensive or conspicuous black scaling, with about 6 spines on hind femora below; interocular space in 9 about or scarcely 3 times as broad as tubercle; wings clear hyaline, the base and costal part subopaquely pale yellowish white or whitish, with the fringe of squamae entirely white 2 canescens n. sp. (p. 489). 178. (175) Pubescence on head below, pectus, pleurae, in metapleural tuft and sides of venter not strikingly or conspicuously frosty or chalky white and, if whitish, not contrasting sharply (Anastoechus-like) with the pubescence above, with that on the body below, excepting head, whitish, pale yellowish white to pale yellowish and almost always, even when whitish with a slight yellowish tint A : : : é . 179. A Revision of the Bombyliuidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 3438 179. (180) Abdomen with the transverse rows of black bristles on sides containing fewer black ones, less extensive and also less conspicuous, pale-tipped and confined more to extreme sides and ventro-apically in 99, being entirely absent above dorsally on segments 5 and 6; bristly hairs on ocellar tubercle in 92 with more numerous and often predominantly pale yellowish or pale brownish intermixed ones; legs with the femora entirely yellow in both sexes or at least without very distinct black basal parts in 3g : : : ‘ , . 6 2 mixtus Wied. (p. 501). (Some forms of it.) 180. (179) Abdomen with the transverse bristles having more numerous, more conspicuous and also more extensive black bristles on sides, these ex- tending laterally above also, especially in 99, are rarely pale-tipped and always present on segments 5 and 6 above dorsally in 9° even if only a few; bristly hairs on ocellar tubercle in 9° usually predominantly black or at least with fewer pale intermixed ones; legs with the femora in ¢¢ always blackened at bases, in basal halves or even to oe middle and even blackened basally in some 29 : : : . 181. 181. (188) Comparatively larger species, bulkier, about 8-12 mm. long, with a wing-length of about 83-114 mm.; legs with either the entire femora dark blackish brown or black or, at least, with the basal halves of front and middle ones and bases of hind ones distinctly blackened or darkened in both sexes; sides of abdomen in g¢ always with distinct red or reddish; antennal joint 1 shorter, scarcely 4, or a little more, times as long as joint 2; basal comb of wings well developed, the spines nearer its base being longer than the length of antennal joint 1; transverse bristles on abdomen, in known $3, very or comparatively narrowly interrupted dorsally and, when more broadly interrupted on segments 2 and 3, the bristles are not confined to the extreme sides, with the black ones more numerous and conspicuous in both sexes, extending almost or to the dorsal interruption on most of the segments, especially in 99 . 182. 182. (185) Pubescence very pale sericeous, straw-coloured yellowish, dull whitish or straw-coloured whitish above, with sericeous or silky gleams, that on body below paler, more whitish or dull straw-coloured whitish, with the coxal bristles also paler and more whitish, with the transverse bristles on abdomen comparatively broadly interrupted dorsally on segments 2 and 3, the interruption being slightly more or about a third of width of segments; interocular space in known gd distinctly narrower, at narrowest part about as broad as or only a very little broader than, front ocellus, in known 99 distinctly 3 or a little more than 3 times as broad as tubercle; wings with the squamal fringe whitish; halteres with slightly more brownish knobs; sides of abdomen, in known ¢Q, less extensively red, the red being confined more to extreme sides; tarsi with only the last 2 joints of front and middle ones black i . 183. 183. (184) Pubescence above more straw-coloured yellowish, with sericeous gleams, with the black transverse bristles on abdomen slightly pale- tipped; legs with the femora only darkened at bases; wings more distinctly subopaquely whitish, with the costal cell, base and first basal cell more subopaquely whitish, with the veins darker and more blackish brown, the first longitudinal vein being darker brownish to black, with Annals of the South African Museum. the discoidal cell tending to be more subacute apically; hind femora with slightly more, about 9, spines below . dg acridophagus n. sp. (p. 474). 184. (183) Pubescence above and below paler and more dull whitish or straw- coloured, that on abdomen above also more whitish and with the black transverse bristles not pale-tipped; legs with the femora in 9 distinctly more extensively blackened to near apex; wings more greyish hyaline, with the base, costal cell and first basal cell distinctly more subopaquely yellowish or ochreous, with the veins very pale yellowish brown, with the first longitudinal vein very pale yellowish brown and with the discoidal cell tending to be more obtuse apically; hind femora with only about 7 spines below . : E : , 2 damarensis n. sp. (p. 490). (Syn. = miztus Bezz. nec Wied.) 185. (182) Pubescence distinctly more yellowish, dull yellowish, brassy yellow to golden yellow, with brassy to golden or deep golden gleams, that on body below distinctly less white, more yellowish and not much paler than above, with the coxal bristles pale yellowish to yellow, with the transverse bristles on abdomen distinctly more narrowly interrupted dorsally above on segments 2 and 3, the interruption being distinctly less than a third of the width of segments; interocular space in gd, at narrowest part, slightly broader, distinctly and much broader than front ocellus, about as broad as front part of tubercle, about 3 times as broad as tubercle in 99; wings with the squamal fringe more yellowish or yellow; halteres with distinctly more whitish knobs; sides of abdomen in g¢ distinctly more extensively reddened; tarsi with at least the last 3 or 4 joints of front and middle ones black . ; : é . 186. 186. (187) Pubescence pale or dull yellowish, with dull brassy gleams, that on apical part of abdomen paler, inclining to whitish, with the hair on face, in gg at least, less developed, shorter and the bristly hairs on head above distinctly shorter, with the transverse bristles on abdomen on segments 2 and 3 more narrowly interrupted dorsally and, in 99, with only the extreme lateral ones on segments 2-4 black, with pale yellowish or yellowish white bristles on venter; legs with the femora darkened or blackened only in basal halves or at extreme bases in both sexes, the front surfaces may be darkened by blackish scaling, without any apical spines above on front and middle femora and front ones unarmed; interocular space in gg, at narrowest part, about as broad as front part of tubercle, with the upper facets of eyes in gg less coarse; antennal joint 3, in 9° at least, with the apical part more slender; proboscis with the spinules below not or scarcely visible; wings with the base, costal cell and first basal cell much paler, subopaquely very pale yellowish brown or even yellowish white, with the squamal fringe very pale yellowish white or creamy yellowish; hypopygium of 3 with the process, on each side of aedeagus, flattened, broadened and racket-shaped apically 3 2 eremophilus Hesse (p. 492). 187. (186) Pubescence distinctly more pale golden to deep golden, with more golden gleams, that on apical part of abdomen, especially in 99, less whitish and more golden, with the hair on face, in gg at least, slightly longer, denser and more conspicuous, and the bristly hairs on head above longer and those on antennae also denser, with the transverse bristles A Revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 345 ee ee on abdominal segments 2 and 3 dorsally very much more broadly inter- rupted above and, in both sexes, with all the bristles in the rows entirely black, with black transverse bristles on venter; legs with the entire femora, excepting only the apices, dark brownish black to black in both a sexes, with the front surfaces of both the front pairs and the tibiae even | more darkened by black scaling, with the front and middle ones often armed above with apical spmes, the front ones also armed below with about 24 short spines; interocular space in gg, at narrowest part, much narrower and only about as broad as front part of tubercle, the tubercle itself being smaller, with the upper facets of eyes in J¢ distinctly more coarse and distinctly coarser than lower ones; antennal joint 3 with the apical part comparatively thick and distinctly less slender; proboscis with the spinules on labium below dense and distinctly visible; wings with the base, costal cell and first basal cell much darker, yellowish brown to brownish, with the squamae darker and its fringe distinctly more subfulvous or yellowish; hypopygium of $ with the process, on each side of aedeagus, narrow, a gi and not broadened, clavate or racket-like apically . - 6 2 walioni n. sp. (p. 493). 188. (181) Comparatively smaller species, = bulky: usually about 6-103 mm long, with a wing-length of about 7-9 mm.; legs with the femora in 20 entirely yellowish, blackened in bases or in basal halves or even entirely in some $¢; sides of abdomen in f¢ without any red; antennal joint 1 usually at least 4, or even distinctly more, times as long as jomt 2; basal comb of wings less strongly developed, even very small, with the spines nearer base much shorter and never or very rarely longer than antennal joint 1; transverse bristles on abdomen in $¢ very broadly interrupted dorsally and on segments 2 and 3 only found on extreme sides, with the black ones in both sexes less conspicuous, less numerous and more confined to the sides, the greater number of those sie above being whitish or yellowish even in 9° . : . 189. 189. (196) Interocular space in g¢ distinctly narrower, aii as broad as front ocellus or only a very little broader at narrowest part, with the inner margins of eyes, on each side of tubercle, in $¢ from their hind angle to point of divergence in front, longer, at least 2, or much longer than 2, times the width of interocular space or at least 2 length of antennal joint 1; legs in $¢ with the femora entirely iach or distinctly less extensively darkened, the hind ones being not extensively or entirely black; last abdominal tergite in both sexes with black bristles or bristly hairs on each side and, when not very distinct, the interocular space in do at least is narrow and the black bristles on abdomen in 29 are pale- tipped; wings more often distinctly darker in costal cell and at base, being usually more brownish; antennae with joint 1, on the whole, slightly longer, about 4-5, or even more, times as long as joint 2, with 3 usually distinctly more broadened basally or at least more rapidly narrowed towards apex and without or with only a few intermixed pale hairs on jomt 1 m 99° : : : . 190. 190. (193) Interocular space in $¢ much narrower, silky sherk as broad as front ocellus, in 99 tending to be narrower, not very much more than 3 times as broad as tubercle; antennae with joimt | slightly shorter, only about 346 Annals of the South African Museum. 33-4 times as long as joint 2, with joint 3 less rapidly narrowed towards apex or with a shorter apical slender part, the joint, on the whole, shorter; wings tending to be distinctly darker and more brownish at base, in costal cell, first basal cell and even in second basal cell to a variable extent, with the veins much darker, very dark blackish brown to almost black : ; » Le 191. (192) Pubescence on body predominantly more yellowish, creamy yellowish to pale golden yellowish in both sexes, that towards apex of abdomen only slightly paler, creamy whitish or yellowish; scutellum usually more extensively reddened or entirely reddish; legs with the femora in gd only darkened in some specimens at extreme bases, the hind ones being entirely yellowish ; . 6 2 silvaticus n. sp. var. turnert n. (p. 500). 192. (191) Pubescence on body entirely or predominantly whitish, straw-coloured whitish to straw-coloured yellowish in both sexes, that towards apex of abdomen in both sexes distinctly more white; scutellum with a tendency to be less red and sometimes only so discally; legs with the femora in 33 often darkened to about middle 3 2 silvaticus n. sp. var. turneri n. (p. 500). (Pale-haired form.) 193. (190) Interocular space in §¢ slightly broader and distinctly broader than front ocellus, about 14—2 times as broad as front ocellus, in 99 tending to be a little more than 3 times as broad as tubercle; antennae with joint 1 either distinctly longer, 4-5 or slightly more, times as long as joint 2 or, if shorter than 5 times, the interocular space in g¢ is broader and black bristles on abdomen in 99 are pale-tipped, with joint 3 usually distinctly more rapidly narrowed apically, the apical slender part usually more slender and longer; wings either distinctly less dark in costal cell and base or when distinctly darkish the dark is less conspicuous, with the veins less dark and more brownish ‘ . 194. 194. (195) Abdomen with distinct, black, not pale-tipped bristles towards apex on segments above as well as laterally on the other segments in both sexes and always with black bristles or bristly hairs on sides of last tergite; wings with the costal cell, base, first basal cell and often even base of second basal cell more distinctly yellowish brown or yellowish, with the veins darker and more brownish; antennal joint 1 distinctly longer, about 44-5, or even slightly more, times as long as joint 2; hind margins of ventral segments entirely black or only very obscurely pallid; frons in gg without a distinct tuft of pale hairs just in front of tubercle and ocellar tubercle in 99 with predominantly, or entirely, black hairs 3 2 silvaticus n. sp. (p. 497). (And forms of it.) 195. (194) Abdomen without any black bristles towards apex above in both sexes or a very few in 9° and without any or only a few inconspicuous blackish bristly hairs on sides of last tergite with the black bristles on sides of abdomen in both sexes becoming paler apically (7.e. distinctly pale- tipped); wings usually much paler and more subopaquely whitish or pale yellowish at base, in costal cell and first basal cell, rarely with a more brownish tint, with the veins distinctly more yellowish; antennal joint 1 distinctly shorter, less, and often much less than 5 times as long as 2; A Revision of the Bombyludae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 347 hind margins of ventral segments in both sexes more distinctly and often conspicuously more pallid; frons in f¢ with a distinct tuft, or at least with a good number, of pale hairs in front of ocellar tubercle and with more numerous or even predominantly yellowish or pale bristly hairs on tubercle in 992 f ‘ : : - d 2 mxtus Wied. (p. 501). (Forms of it.) 196. (189) Interocular space in gg distinctly broader, at narrowest part,-much broader than front ocellus, about as broad as front part of tubercle and only a little narrower than posterior part of tubercle, with the inner margins of eyes in §g, on each side of tubercle, from hind angle to point of divergence in front, shorter, subequal to, or even less than, 2 times the width of interocular space or distinctly shorter than two-thirds length of antennal jomt 1; legs in gg with the femora distinctly more ex- tensively blackened to beyond middle and with the hind ones entirely or almost entirely, black; last abdominal tergite in both sexes without any black bristles or bristly hairs on side and also without black bristles on last few segments in gg above; wings with the base, costal cell and first basal cell distinctly much paler, very pale yellowish white or sub- opaquely whitish; antennae with jomt 1, on the whole, shorter, not more or scarcely more than about 4 times as long as joint 2, with joint 3 comparatively less rapidly broadened basally, more gradually narrowed apically, often more subrod-like and with more numerous pale hairs on joint 1, especially below, in 99° . : 3 2 deceptus n. sp. (p. 504). Gen. Anastoechus Ost. Sack. 48 gg 86 92 A. deserticolus n. sp. (Syn.=rubricosus Bezz. nec Wiedemann.) Body black, often with a greyish mauve or slate-coloured bloom on the thorax and abdomen above in some forms and, where this is denuded, the integument shows a slight deep metallic blue sheen in sunlight; first antennal joints pale yellowish, the second joints dark blackish or reddish brown and the extreme apices of joint 3 not entirely black like rest of joint, but often more brownish; front part of face and in 99 also front part of frons, pale reddish yellow to dark reddish; scutellum, excluding narrow black base, more often pale reddish to ferruginous red, but in some specimens only obscurely red on disc; sides of abdomen very broadly and to a certain extent the hind margins towards sides of segments 2 and 3 and more broadly on 4 and 5 and the entire dorsum of the rest in the $¢ very pale reddish, terra-cotta to salmon pink, in 99 also broadly red on the sides, but less extensively than in 3d, with the hind margins of segments 3-6 above and entire segment 7 of the same colour, but in some forms the hind margins are pale yellowish red to ivory yellowish; 348 Annals of the South African Museum. venter pale yellowish, pale reddish to reddish brown or brownish, the hind margins ivory whitish to yellowish or yellowish red and 3-genitalia yellowish; metapleural parts in many specimens with irregular infusions of yellowish red to obscure brownish red; legs, including coxae and trochanters, very pale yellowish, almost pallid in many specimens, the hind femora, in some smaller forms, with a slight pale brownish infusion on its upper apical outer aspect, especially in $d, with the tarsi becoming more brownish yellow towards apices, the apical part of last joint or even last 2 joints in some forms, as well as the planes of articulation of the other joints dark brownish black to black, apical two-thirds of claws black, all the spines pallid to pale yellowish and the scaling on legs whitish; pubescence com- paratively long, with the bristly elements well developed, varying from greyish white, through pale yellowish white and pale ochreous to soft yellowish brown when viewed from above, viewed from in front or the sides it varies above from pale greyish white to pale creamy whitish, yellowish to golden, that on occiput and thorax in front of gd, in certain lights, whitish to very pale creamy whitish, in 99 whitish to pale vellowish or yellowish white, hair on occipital part and sides in front of wings in some 99 often distinctly yellowish to ochreous, that on abdomen long and shaggy, whitish, pale creamy whitish to pale yellowish white, the extreme sides and the apex distinctly whitish, with the bristles on thorax, posterior calli and scutellum whitish, pallid to pale yellowish white, those on occiput, in some 99, more yellowish, the transverse hairs across hind margins before rows of bristles tipped pale creamy yellowish, ochreous to pale brownish fulvous, even distinctly dark mauvish in some forms, with the transverse bristles long, conspicuous, mostly brownish, blackish brown, purplish brown to black, only their bases or basal halves and often all on segment 2 entirely yellowish to pale golden, the bristly hairs on ocellar tubercle and bristles on sides of frons, varying from whitish to straw-coloured in gg, to very pale yellowish or ochreous in 92, those on first antennal joints, on frons in front, sides of face and face in front and some intermixed on upper parts of genae straw-coloured yellowish, pale yellowish to ochreous in 99, whitish to very pale yellowish white or pale yellow in 33, with the genal bristles white or straw-coloured white in 3g, often slightly more yellowish in some 99 and often distinctly tipped yellowish to pale ochreous yellow in some $?, with the flattened depressed scaling along hind margins of eyes laterally and along sides of genae, the hair on head below frosty or chalky white, that on pectoral and A Revision of the Bombyludae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 349 pleural regions more frosty white in 99, the bristly hairs on coxae, especially the front ones, and some on propleurae entirely whitish to straw-coloured in $3, tipped straw-coloured yellowish to yellow in 99, the bristles of metapleural tuft white to straw-coloured in 3d, more yellowish, even ochreous in some 992, pubescence on venter pale straw-coloured yellowish to yellowish in 33, slightly more yellowish in 99, the bristles straw-coloured to pale sericeous in $¢ and pale yellowish to golden or fulvous in some 92; wings with the costal cell, first marginal cell (to even slightly beyond its apex), basal two-thirds of first submarginal cell, apical part of first basal cell, basal fourth and the upper half of first posterior cell (up to its end), extreme base of second marginal cell, more or less the apical half of second basal cell, bases of discoidal and fourth posterior cells, basal half of anal cell and often extreme base of axillary cell pale yellowish brown to deep yellowish brown, the extreme base, basal part of costal cell, basal three-quarters of first basal cell and more or less basal half of second basal cell, alula and in some specimens, middle of apical part of marginal cell more translucently pale yellowish, the rest of wing (posterior part) hyaline and also an obscure clear spot in apical part of second basal cell, with the basal comb whitish, yellowish, ochreous yellow to orange in some forms, the veins brownish yellow, brownish to dark brownish, becoming paler towards base, with the discal cross vein, basal cross vein of fourth posterior cell and basal part of vein between submarginal cells distinctly darker, the squamae subopaquely pale yellowish white, pale yellowish to yellow, with white to creamy yellowish or distinctly yellow fringes in some 992; halteres very pale yellowish to brownish yellow, with white to very pale yellowish white knobs. Head with the interocular space in Sg comparatively wide, wider than ocellar tubercle, at narrowest part about or nearly twice as wide as posterior part of tubercle, almost at once rapidly widening anteriorly from narrowest part, in 92 about 3, or even shghtly more, times as wide as tubercle; occiput with the hairs long and longer in the 92; antennae with joint 1 slightly longer in 929, joint 2 broader than long, with 3 much longer than 1 and 2 combined, club-shaped, much thickened at base, broadest at about basal fourth, rapidly narrowed apically, the apical half or more being long and slender, the extreme apex being again slightly dilated, with the first terminal joint indiscernible and the style slender and straight; face with the pubescence and mystax well developed, the bristles in front and laterally, as well as those on genae prominently developed and more so in 99; lower parts of genae with distinct long and stout 350 Annals of the South African Museum. bristles; palps comparatively slender and feeble; proboscis often with the extreme basal part reddish or brownish, about 3-55 mm. long. Legs with the bristles on coxae very well developed and long; front and middle femora, in 3¢ at least, with long white hairs post- erlorly; front ones with 1-3 spines in front; middle ones with from 4—9 in front and 1-4 behind; hind ones with about 7-19 spines below, the number varying with the size of the specimens and are more often more or less irregularly arranged in 2 or more rows TExtT-FIG. 78.—Side and ventral views of hypopygium and dorsal view of beaked apical joint of § Anastoechus deserticolus n. sp. towards apex; claws comparatively long and slender, longer in 33, only slightly bent downwards from about middle to apex, with the pulvillii extending to middle or even slightly beyond in 33g, more reduced and confined to basal third in 92; joints 2—5 of front tarsi in 99 slightly modified, appearing more dilated or thickened than middle tarsi and also provided with fairly dense, fine and slender hairs, especially on last 3 joints, from where the two rows of ventral spines, present on middle and hind tarsi, are entirely absent, the front pulvilli in 99 are also slightly more reduced and confined to base, the claws also slightly shorter. (The front tarsi in all 992 of Anastoechus and Systoechus, like those of Bombylius, are of course modified.) Hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 78) with the basal parts with fairly long hairs, the neck region towards dorsum with long and shaggy hairs, the dorsal margin of inner apical processes also with long hairs; apical beaked joint comparatively broad, hollowed from A Revision of the Bombyluidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 351 below, with a somewhat elongate depression above and outer upper convex part with dense hairs, long basally, the beaked curved out- wards; aedeagus with the apex nearly reaching level of inner apical processes, with the base not very much produced anteriorly into a plate or ventral aedeagal process. Types in the South African Museum and paratypes in the Transvaal and British Museums and in Imperial Institute. Length of body: about 6-14 mm. Length of wing: about 7-13 mm. Locality Namaqualand: Springbok (g-holotype from here and labelled as rubricosus by Bezzi); O’okiep (9-allotype also labelled rubricosus), paratypes from Bowesdorp, Kamieskroon, Garies District and Spektakel (South African Museum). N.W. Karoo: Calvinia (Ogilvie, 11-16/11/31) (Imperial Institute); Van Wyk’s Vlei and Bushmanland (South African Museum). Little Karoo: Willowmore (Transvaal Museum). S. Karoo: Matjiesfontein (Turner, Oct.—Nov. 1928) (British Museum). Nieuwveld Karoo, Central and Gouph Karoo (Mus. Staff, Nov. 1935). This species is very typical and characteristic and may easily be recognised by its excessive hairiness, its characteristically infuscated wings. The species seems to be very variable and at least five, more or less different, forms are distinguishable:—(1) The type form, which is fairly large, with predominantly yellow ochreous or pale yellowish brown pubescence and yellowish basal comb. (2) Another large form, which is slightly paler, more creamy yellow in certain lights, with almost orange coloured basal comb. (3) Another Namaqualand form with the transverse hairs before rows of bristles much darker at tips, more brownish to brownish black and with the infuscated part of wings in some specimens paler, more pale yellowish and not so conspicuous. (4) Smaller forms which, when viewed from side, are distinctly paler, less yellow and more whitish, with fewer spines on hind femora and darker scutellum. (5) The smallest forms, which are distinctly paler greyish white and almost white above, with whitish basal comb. This species is also remarkable in that it represents in the genus Anastoechus more or less the same pattern-type of species that purpureus, micans and hypoleucus do in the genus Bombylius. As a matter of fact, so close is this specific parallelism that A. deserticolus may be superficially mistaken for B. micans or hypoleucus. It has the same well-developed pubescence, bristles, etc., on the body, a very similar type of wing pattern, the same well-developed pubescence 352 Annals of the South African Museum. and bristles on the head, face and genae, same wide interocular space in the 3g, similar claws and pulvilli, obtuse apical part of dis- coidal cell, etc. Moreover, the species darlingi, hirtus and melanurus bear the same relationship to B. hypoleucus that the various forms of deserticolus bear to this type form. Both Bigot and Bezzi (p. 47, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. xvi, Pl. I, fig. 9, 1921) wrongly determined this species as rubricosus (Wied.) (see under rubricosus). The species seemsto be more or less confined to the drought-stricken and arid parts of South Africa, where it is always found hovering over and resting on the dry and hot sand. 1 $ 3 99 A. deserticolus var. coloratus n. This variety is so near certain forms of deserticolus that the differences only may be mentioned. It is relatively much smaller; the body is comparatively more elongate, and narrower; pubescence is more uniformly paler greyish white on thorax and more straw- coloured yellowish on the abdomen and only in 92 is it more distinctly yellowish towards apex and on sides; the red on abdomen is comparatively more reduced, the red hind margins towards apex less conspicuous; pubescence and bristles on head com- paratively paler, whitish in dg, like that of small forms of deserticolus s.str., but the transverse bristles on abdomen darker in 99; wings darker, distinctly tinged greyish or cinereous in the posterior half, with the front part infuscated as in deserticolus, but first posterior cell is almost entirely infuscated, the constant lower clear half of apical part of this cell in deserticolus being here scarcely discernible, the apical clear half of anal cell of deserticolus is also much less clear, the infuscation at apical part of second basal ceil, basal half of fourth posterior cell and base of third posterior cell is also more diffused, almost the entire fourth posterior cell being tinged (the hyaline posterior half being on the whole more tinged and less conspicuously delimited from the anterior infuscated part than in deserticolus); legs with apparently fewer spines, 5-8, on hind femora below. Hypopygium like that of deserticolus (cf. text-fig. 78) with the apical beaked joints comparatively narrower, but larger in relation to the basal part, the beak more slender and the hairs shorter, hair on dorsum of neck region also much shorter; aedeagus distinctly projecting beyond inner apical processes; lateral struts and basal strut much feebler. | Types in the South African Museum. * A Revision of the Bombyludae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 353 Length of body: about 54-7 mm. Length of wing: about 6-74 mm. Locality — Namaqualand: Bowesdorp (Mus. Staff, Nov. 1931). 2 gd 2 99 A. argyrocomus nu. sp. (Syn. =leucosoma Bezz. in part.) The 9-specimen from Matjiesfontein, referred to lewcosoma by Bezzi (p. 54, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. xviii) as well as another 9 and ¢ from the same locality, although superficially inseparable from Jeuco- soma, show distinctly different specific characters and compared with the 99 of leucosoma the following differences may be mentioned :— The specimens are comparatively larger and bulkier, with a body- length of about 9-10 mm. and a wing-length of about 8-9 mm.; the beautiful dense, frosty white or silvery white pubescence and bristles above and below comparatively longer and apparently denser ; head very much broader, the hairs and bristles on frons and hairs on face denser, longer and more developed, with the blackish brown bristly hairs on frons-more extensive and even a few intermixed ones extending down lower and upper parts of genae, with distinct stiff hairs or bristles on face anteriorly and even a few bristles on genae also, with the interocular space above considerably broader, though having the same relationship of about 44 times as wide as ocellar tubercle, the tubercle also being much smaller in leucosoma, with antennal joint 1 comparatively much longer, subequal to 3, whereas in leucosoma it is distinctly much shorter, with joints 1 and 2 combined longer than 3, shorter than 3 in lewcosoma, with joint 3 almost rod- like, only slightly thickened at about basal third, the base broad and not petiolate as in lewcosoma, with the eyes larger, the facets also comparatively larger, with the proboscis distinctly shorter, less slender, about 44 mm. long; wings with a slightly more distinct whitish tint in certain lights, with the costal cell, first basal cell and extreme base also subopaquely whitish, the veins however distinctly darker, more dark brownish to blackish brown and the first longitudinal vein dark brown, not yellowish; halteres dark brown, with dark brown knobs, not yellowish with white knobs; abdomen above with the hair and bristles much denser and longer; legs stouter, but with the femora almost entirely blackened and white-scaled as in leucosoma, but more hairy, also only the apices of the tibiae yellowish, with, however, a spine apically on hind face of front femora and 2 or 3 whitish spines in front on middle ones and 5—7 whitish ones on hind 304 Annals of the South African Museum. femora below, with the claws more developed and longer than in leucosoma. The 3 is like the 2, but the bristly hairs on ocellar tubercle and frons are longer and finer and slightly paler brownish, only the ones inter- mixed on frons laterally in front and on face laterally above are blackish brown as in 9; bristles on face in front are more slender and less stout; interocular space much narrower, only very slightly wider than the tubercle at narrowest part at level of lateral ocelli; a b. TExt-FIc. 79.—(a) Side view and half of ventral view of hypopygium of ¢ of Anastoechus argyrocomus n. sp. (b) Beaked apical joint of hypopygium of g Anastoechus nitens n. sp. eyes with the upper facets coarse; third antennal joint comparatively shorter, more slender and rod-shaped, scarcely broadened basally, with the style, as in 9, slender, short and inconspicuous; abdomen with the pubescence and bristles finer; legs coloured as in 2, only more slender, with the same number, but more slender, spines on the femora. Hypopygium (text-fig. 79, a) comparatively narrow, the basal parts only with fine hairs; apical beaked joint leaf-shaped, very rapidly narrowed to a short outwardly directed beak, with a large, elongate, basal, foveate depression above, the hairs short above, lower surface more or less hollowed out; aedeagus with the lateral rami forming a slightly pointed ventral aedeagal process; lateral and basal struts shortish, the basal one slender and club-shaped. Types in the South African Museum. Locality.—S. Karoo: Matjiesfontein (Trimen, Oct. 1891) (Types): Calitzdorp Distr.; Matjiesvlei (Brauns, Oct. 1921). A Revision of the Bombyludae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 355 This species is probably the southern representative of leucosoma of the North Western Cape. 1 g A. nitens n. sp. Very close to argyrocomus, having the same beautiful frosty white or silvery white pubescence and bristles and superficially inseparable from g of argyrocomus, differing, however, in being comparatively broader across the thorax, in that the integument of body in this specimen is not black, but dark brownish to brownish black; frons, face and scutellum as well as pleural parts being even more brown than body above; venter yellowish; antennal joints 1 and 2 yellowish, with 3 black but with a brownish apex; proboscis more or less narrowly pale brownish below towards base; bristly hairs on ocellar tubercle, frons and sides of face dark brownish as in argyrocomus; legs yellowish and even greater part of femora also yellowish, only the upper surfaces and bases darkened and brownish, not black, with the spines more brownish yellow; femora with less pubescent hairs below basally, with 1 apical spine below on front ones, 2-3 in front and 1 behind on middle ones, and about 7 spines below on hind femora from just before middle to apex; claws slightly longer and more slender and only slightly curved downwards from middle to apex, the pulvilli also as in argyrocomus; wings with the veins more yellowish; interocular space, at narrowest part, about 2 times as wide as in argyrocomus, the ocellar tubercle also being much larger, the space broader than tubercle, a little less than twice the distance between the two posterior ocelli; antennae with joint 1 comparatively longer, subequal to 3, which is similarly rod-shaped; face viewed from in front much broader, the mystax as dense, but the bristles on genae slightly more apparent; proboscis slightly shorter, about 3% mm. long; halteres yellowish, with ivory white knobs, not brownish ones. Hypopygium very similar to that of argyrocomus (cf. text-fig. 79, a), elongate and narrow, the apical beaked joints (text-fig. 79, 0), however, with the dorsal foveate depression slightly longer and deeper, the front part more steeply sloping; ventral process at base of aedeagus less pointed and less prominent. Type in the South African Museum. Length of body: about 10 mm. Length of wing: about 94 mm. Locality.— Namaqualand; “‘P.N.8” (probably “Port Nolloth’’). The above three species are characterised by the beautiful downy, 356 Annals of the South African Museum. silvery white or frosty white pubescence and hyaline, or only faintly whitish-tinted, wings. They also show the same parallelism of pattern and relationships to other species of Systoechus and Anas- toechus as the remarkably similar B. molitor, volucer, leucolasius and minusculus bear to other species of Bombylius. 3 3d 4 99 A. pruinosus n. sp. Superficially these specimens are almost inseparable from argyro- comus, nitens and leucosoma. They all have longish, dense, shaggy, entirely gleaming silvery whitish pubescence and bristles, thus also resembling white haired species of Bombylius, such as volucer, molitor, leucolasius and minusculus. Their separation is thus a difficult matter. This species is, however, much nearer argyrocomus than leucosoma, and may even be considered as a northern representative of argyrocomus. Like argyrocomus the entire body, including scutellum, is entirely black; legs also with the femora black to much beyond the middle, the tibiae yellowish and apical parts of tarsi blackish; pubescence also entirely gleaming silvery or silky white, only the pubescence on body below less brilliantly silvery and with the hairs on ocellar tubercle and longer bristly hairs or bristles on basal part of frons, sides of frons and even a few down sides of face black in both sexes; wings also faintly subopaquely tinted milky whitish but with the basal half in $¢ not hyaline or clear as in argyrocomus but distinctly tinged smoky brownish up to end of costal cell, then across basal halves of marginal, first submarginal, first posterior, discoidal and fourth posterior cells, with, however, the costal cell, base and basal three-quarters of first and second basal cells and alula more sub- opaquely whitish or yellowish white, with the wings in $9 entirely clear as in argyrocomus, only the base, costal cell and first basal cell almost imperceptibly more pale yellowish white instead of white, the veins and especially costal veins also very dark as in argyrocomus, the squamae also opaquely whitish and black bordered as in argyro- comus and not yellowish bordered as in leucosoma; halteres with the knobs also very dark brownish and not pale as in leucosoma. Head with the interocular space in 6g much broader than in argyrocomus, in fact remarkably broad, nearly or about 2 times as broad as broad ocellar tubercle, in 92 on the contrary slightly narrower than in argyrocomus, only about or nearly 4 times as broad as tubercle, quite 41 times in argyrocomus; antennae with joint | nearly 6 times as long A Revision of the Bombyliudae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 357 as 2, thus about as long as in argyrocomus, with 3 subrod-like, sub- equal to joints 1 and 2 combined; proboscis about 4-5 mm. long. Legs with 1 spine in front apically and about 2 behind on front femora; middle ones with about 2 spines medially below and 1 or 2 behind apically; hind femora with about 5-8 spines below; claws slender, only gradually curved downwards, with the pulvilli not quite reaching the middle of the claws in both sexes as in argyrocomus. Hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 80) very much like that of argyrocomus TExtT-FIG. 80.—Side view, half of ventral view, and dorsal view of beaked apical joint of hypopygium of $ Anastoechus pruinosus n. sp. and nitens, differing only in having no apically projecting lobe-like or lip-ike process below aedeagus, in having a slightly shorter beaked apical joint and longer lateral and basal struts. Types in the South African Museum. Length of body: about 63-9 mm. Length of wing: about 7-10 mm. Locality —N. Eastern Karoo: Venterstad (Mus. Staff, Oct. 1935) (Types); Steynsburg Distr. (Mus. Staff, Oct. 1935); Burghersdorp Area (Mus. Staff, Oct. 1935). O.F.S.: Bethulie; Caledon R. (Mus. Staff, Oct. 1935). y A. leucosoma Bezz. (P. 54, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. xvi, 1921.) The 9-type from Bushmanland and 3 other 92 from Prieska and O’okiep and 1 @ from Murraysburg District can only be considered as belonging to this species. In addition to Bezzi’s description the following points may be added: Abdomen usually with the narrow VOL. XXXIV. 24 358 Annals of the South African Museum. hind margins of tergites 6 and 7 yellowish to reddish and sometimes even the venter is reddish or brownish; wings with a feeble whitish tint and paler veins than in argyrocomus or pruinosus, the costal veins being yellowish; antennae with joint 1 much shorter than in argyrocomus or pruinosus, only a little more than 3 times as long as 2, with 3 distinctly longer than 1 and 2 combined and tending to be broadest just before middle; interocular space on vertex in 99 relatively broader in relation to tubercle, nearly or quite 5 times as broad as tubercle; claws much shorter than in argyrocomus or pruin- osus, also only gradually curved and with the pulvilli short. Length of body: about 5-64 mm. Length of wing: about 53-7 mm. Locality Namaqualand, Bushmanland, N.W. Karoo and Central or Great Karoo. (In the South African Museum.) A. erinaceus Bezz. (P. 50, Ann. S.. Air. Mus., vol.’ xvii, 1921) This species, described from Namaqualand, is easily recognised by the following characters :— Body predominantly black; scutellum with more than hind half ferruginous; legs with the femora darkened to beyond middle, the tibiae yellowish and only apical parts of tarsi more brownish; pubes- cence much like that of deserticolus, the head very bristly, bristles being present on face and on genae, the bristles on abdomen also long and shaggy, with the pubescence on body above predominantly gleaming silvery whitish in both sexes, that on disc of thorax with very faint brownish gleams, with the scaling on sides of face, the pubescence and bristles on genae, the hair on head and body below and on sides of abdomen chalky whitish, with the bristles on head above, thorax, scutellum and transversely across hind margins of tergites very dark purplish brown in both sexes and some bristles on venter also very dark; wings with a distinct subopaquely mauvish tint, becoming more distinctly reddish brown or yellowish brown at base, in costal cell, basal half of marginal cell, first basal cell, second basal cell and even across basal halves of first submarginal, first posterior, discoidal, fourth posterior and anal cells in g, in 2 only distinctly subopaquely yellowish brown at base, in costal cell and first basal cell, the basal comb dark purplish brown in both sexes, covered with white scaling, with the veins reddish or purplish brown, the squamae opaquely pale yellowish, dark bordered and fringed with A Revision of the Bombyludae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 359 white hairs; halteres yellowish brown with very pale knobs. Head with the interocular space in ¢ broadish, only a little more than 14 times as broad as ocellar tubercle, in 2 about 4 times as broad as tubercle; antennae with joint 1 about 3 times as long as 2 along dorsal part in 9 and only about 24 times as long as 2 in 4, with 3 gradually tapering to apex, the apex very slightly thickened; pro- boscis about 5 mm. long. Legs without any visible spines on front femora below; middle ones with about 3-4 longish spines apically TExtT-FIG. 81.—Side view and half of ventral view of hypopygium of ¢ Anastoechus erinaceus Bezz. in front; hind ones gradually curved downwards, with the pulvilli reaching middle of claws in 4, confined to base in 9. Hypopygium of g (text-fig. 81) with long, characteristic, tress-like hairs on dorsal margin of apical part of neck region, these hairs very nearly or quite half as long as basal parts; beaked apical joints with a rather longish beak, with the inner side of beaked joints somewhat elongately depressed above and with a crest of spine-like hairs on outer ridge- like part above; aedeagus with a short, pointed, lobe-like, apically projecting process below formed by the fusion of apical parts of rami from basal parts. Locality Namaqualand: Springbok. (In South African Museum.) 6 Sd 6 92 A. flavosericatus n. sp. Externally there appears to be so little difference between these specimens and the typical ermnaceus that they may almost be taken to represent a variety of the latter. The hypopygium of the 4, 360 Annals of the South African Museum. however, shows some distinct differences. Compared with erimaceus the chief points of difference are :— Body black, but the sides of the abdomen in g¢ more conspicuously and more broadly reddened; legs with the hind tibiae slightly more brownish yellow or more brownish than in erinaceus and the apical parts of the tarsi are also darker; pubescence on body above distinctly more gleaming sericeous yellowish or pale golden yellowish and towards base of thorax above distinctly more yellowish or golden, Trext-FIG. 82.—Side view and half of ventral view of hypopygium of ¢ Anastoechus flavosericatus n. sp. with that on face and body below frosty white as in erinaceus, the bristles on head, thorax and abdomen above also blackish or very dark purplish black; wings also tinted slightly subopaquely mauvish, but the darker costal and basal parts in $g more distinctly brownish and in 92 also less reddish and more brownish, with the veins distinctly darker and more blackish brown. Head as in erinaceus, but with the interocular space in $3 slightly narrower, with the proboscis also about 44-5 mm. long. Hypopygium of 3g (text-fig. 82) differs in having the beaked apical joints slightly longer, in having shorter hairs on beaked apical joints, no long tress-like hairs on inner apical parts of basal parts, a more knob-like ventral aedeagal process and also a distinctly longer basal strut. Types in the South African Museum. Length of body: about 7-9 mm. Length of wing: about 8-10 mm. A Revision of the Bombylidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 361 Locality—Nieuwveld Karoo: Beaufort West Distr.; Leeukloof (Mus. Staff, Oct. 1935) (Types): Fraserburg Distr.; Teekloof (Mus. Staff, Nov. 1935). S.E. Karoo: Graaff-Reinet (Mackie, 2427/10/31). (In the Imperial Institute.) 58 3S 42 92 A. macrophthalmus Bezz. In his paper on the 8S. African Bombylidae (p. 52, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. xviii) Bezzi referred a $-specimen to this species, a descrip- tion of which was reserved at the time for a paper on the Budapest Museum material. In 1922 the species was again mentioned and the 2 partly described (p. 74, Broteria (Ser. Zool.), vol. xx, Fasc. II.). Finally, it was again referred to in the key to the Ethiopian species (p. 74, The Bombylidae of the Ethiopian Region). As the material in the Hungarian Museum was never described separately in published form, I am appending a full description of macrophthalmus as based on Bezzi’s labelled g-specimen and the very numerous gd and 99 in the South African Museum and the 2 92 in the Imperial Institute. Body predominantly black, the abdomen entirely without any red on the sides or across hind margins; scutellum also tending to be dark, only obscurely dark reddish brown discally towards hinder part; venter with indistinct and narrowish paler hind margins, usually hidden by the pubescence; legs with the coxae, trochanters and femora black in both sexes, only the extreme apices of the latter being yellowish, with the front and middle tibiae yellowish, the hind ones and the tarsi more brownish yellow to brownish especially in 33, the last 2 or 3 tarsal joints even darker and apical two-thirds of the claws black; pubescence on the whole much shorter than in the deserticolus series, the bristles on body longer than the erect hairs and those on abdomen distinctly longer than the rest of pubescence, with the erect shortish pubescence on thorax above and that on abdomen above gleaming silky or silvery whitish, that on occiput even purer white, with the denser, woolly pubescence on face, genae, on sides of and head below, on pleural and pectoral regions, on sides of tergite 1 and slightly longer ones on sides of abdomen in basal half and tuft-like intermixed apically and at base of venter strikingly chalky or frosty white, with the hairs on ocellar tubercle, on frons, the bristles on frons in 99, intermixed hairs on antennal joints 1, a patch of short hairs on each side above wing-bases, those more or less sparsely on disc of thorax, those more densely on 362 Annals of the South African Museum. scutellum, the tuft-like patches chiefly on sides of abdomen above and longer and more conspicuous tufts apically, dark blackish brown to very dark purplish brown, those on scutellum and transversely on abdomen, however, with yellowish or pale bases, with the bristles on occiput, sides of frons anteriorly, especially in 99, the curved bristles on face in front, the bristles on thorax in front, the macrochaetae and bristles on sides of thorax in front of wings and on mesopleural plate, the longish ones on posterior calli, those across hind margin of scutellum, yellowish, gleaming more golden brownish in certain lights, those on pronotal part often slightly darkened apically and even tending to be dark in 3g, with the transverse bristles on abdomen stoutish, longer and denser apically, very dark blackish brown to purplish brown to black, those at apex together with the blackish hair forming a conspicuous black or purplish black ring contrasting with the white apical tufts, most of the dark bristles on abdomen more or less pale or yellowish at their extreme bases, with the shorter bristles on venter sparser but also blackish, with the scale-like, flattened hairs on abdomen above, arranged more or less transversely and along midline apically, the broader and denser scaling behind eyes, those concentrated on each side along inner margins of eyes on face and genae, even forming a patch on each side of face and the scaling on venter chalky white, the scaling on legs dense, white on femora and more greyish on tibiae, the spines and spicules on legs yellowish; wings in gg with the basal part up to and across middle of basal cells subopaquely yellowish or yellowish white from there, dark smoky to blackish brown up to end of costal cell and across to end of fifth vein, the apical part of wings greyish hyaline, this dark band-like infuscation thus conspicuous and occupying most of the middle parts including the anal and axillary cells, where the infusca- tion is slightly more cinerous, with the wings in 99 greyish hyaline to cinerous, tending to be uniformly cinereous greyish, only the costal cell and base, as in 3g, subopaquely yellowish, with the basal comb in both sexes dark blackish brown or purplish brown, the veins dark brown to blackish brown, appearing darker within the dark band in g¢ and with a tendency for the apical cross veins of basal cells, the base of vein between the discoidal and third posterior cell and the base of vein separating the submarginal cells to be distinctly darker and even spot-like in some specimens, with the alula yellowish and dark-bordered, the squamae opaquely yellowish and white- fringed; halteres yellowish or pale brownish, with very pale yellowish knobs. Head with the interocular space in 3¢ above as broad as A Revision of the Bombylidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 363 tubercle, at narrowest part about as broad as slightly narrower front part of tubercle, the vertex very broad in 99, nearly 6 times as broad as tubercle, thus giving the head a very broad and squat appearance; eyes in 99 thus relatively small; antennae with joint 1 a little more than 4 to 5 times as long as joint 2, with joint 3 slender, almost rod- like, only very slightly thickened basally, the extreme apical part slightly more slender than rest of joint, the apex itself broadened, obliquely truncated, slightly cup-like or sucker-like; proboscis 34-5 mm. long. Legs without any visible spines below on front femora; TEXT-FIG. 83.—Side view, half of ventral view, and dorsal view of beaked apical joint of ¢ Anastoechus macrophthalmus Bezz. middle ones with 1-2 spines apically in front; hind ones with about 5-8 spines below; claws gradually and only slightly curved down- wards from middle, slender in gd, the pulvilli extending to about middle of claws in gd, confined to base in 92. Hypopygium of 3 (text-fig. 83) with the beaked apical joints broad, foveately depressed above, the beak curved outwards and slightly upwards (see middle figure); aedeagus without a ventral process, the base being bell- shaped. Length of body: about 5-8 mm. Length of wing: about 5-8 mm. Locality —S. Karoo: Hex River (Dec. 1884). Central Karoo: Murraysburg Distr. (Mus. Staff, Nov. 1935). Nieuwveld Karoo: Fraserburg Distr. (Mus. Staff, Nov. 1935). Namaqualand: Van Rhyn’s Pass (Cockerell, Nov. 1931) (in the Imperial Institute); Kamieskroon (Mus. Exp., Nov. 1936); Knersvlakte (Mus. Exp., 364 Annals of the South African Museum. Nov. 1936). Little Karoo: Willowmore (Brauns) (according to Bezzi). The two 9-specimens in the Imperial Institute have the spot-like infuscations on the cross veins and veins more distinct than in 99 from the Karoo. | 1 9 A. eurystephus vn. sp. This slightly denuded 9, from South West Africa, in the British Museum, is so near macrophthalmus, as defined in this paper, that it may even prove to be only a northern variety of it. Body black; scutellum ferruginous red discally; abdomen reddish along extreme sides below, more distinct on last 2 segments, with the last sternite also more distinctly reddish; legs yellowish, with the front and middle femora blackened to beyond middle and the hind ones almost entirely black, with about 4 pallid spines on hind ones below, with the claws only slightly curved and the pulvilli just about reaching middle of claws; pubescence above predominantly white, the hairs on disc of thorax pale yellowish brown to brownish golden in certain lights, with the hair transversely across apical half of second abdominal segment and across segments 5 and 6 distinctly yellowish brown or pale brownish golden in certain lights, with the tips of these individual hairs appearing darker, with indications, on the sides mostly, of darkish-tipped transverse rows also on segments 3 and 4 (the hair on abdomen discally in this specimen is, however, much denuded), with the transverse bristles across hind margins of abdominal segments paler and more yellowish on segment 2, becoming darker and more chocolate brownish posteriorly, especially on the sides, each bristle having a pale or yellowish base, with the bristles on venter pallid or yellowish, with the bristles on frons, intermixed ones on occiput, on sides of thorax, on base of thorax and on scutellum pale yellowish brown, those towards sides of thorax in front being paler still, with the long curved bristles on face whitish or white, with the pubescence on body below cretaceous white, with character- istic, flattened, broadish, scale-like, depressed pubescence on abdomen above, arranged more or less transversely across hind margins of segments, also denser and more concentrated along extreme sides, on sides of venter and on metapleural parts, very dense and conspicuous around the eyes and on genae; wings greyish hyaline, with a faint subopaque whitish tinge in certain lights, with the base, costal cell and first basal cell slightly subopaquely yellowish, with the basal comb yellowish, with the veins dark brownish, becoming more A Revision of the Bombyludae (Diptera) of Southern Africa. 365 yellowish towards base and along first longitudinal vein, with the apical cross veins of first and second basal cells distinctly infuscated and with a feeble indication of a darker infuscation at base of vein between discoidal and third posterior cells and also at base of vein separating submarginal cells, with the first posterior cell more or less acute apically. Head with the interocular space on vertex remarkably broad, at least 7 times as broad as tubercle, the entire head thus remarkably broad and squat, with the first antennal joint slender and about 4 times as long as joint 2 (third joints missing in the type- specimen), with the proboscis about 3 mm. long. Type in the British Museum. Length of body: about 8 mm. Length of wing: about 8 mm. Locality —S.W. Africa: Great Namaqualand; Aus. (Turner, Dec. 1929). f A. innocuus Bezz. (P. 52, Ann. 8S. Afr. Mus., vol. xviii.) This species is easily recognised by its soft creamy yellowish pubescence on body above, resembling that of sericophorus var. congruens n., the blackish or dark frontal hairs and bristles and the stoutish, dark-tipped or reddish brown transverse bristles on ab- domen above especially towards apex, by the reddish venter and reddish abdominal sides in 3, the femora which are blackened to beyond middle, the wings which are almost hyaline, only tinged subopaquely yellowish whitish in costal cell, base and first basal cell and which have a whitish basal comb and pale reddish brown to yellowish veins, by the slender, almost rod-like, third antennal Txxt-ric. 84.—Half of ventral view joints which are only gradually