DECEMBER 1978 ISSN 0303-2515 CAPE TOWN | INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS 1. MATERIAL should be original and not published elsewhere, in whole or in part. 2. LAYOUT should be as follows: (a) Centred masthead to consist of Title: informative but concise, without abbreviations and not including the names of new genera or species Author’s(s’) name(s) Address(es) of author(s) (institution where work was carried out) Number of illustrations (figures, enumerated maps and tables, in this order) (b) Abstract of not more than 200 words, intelligible to the reader without reference to the text (c) Table of contents giving hierarchy of headings and subheadings (d) Introduction ; : ; (e) Subject-matter of the paper, divided into sections to correspond with those given in table of contents (f) Summary, if paper is lengthy (g) Acknowledgements (h) References (i) Abbreviations, where these are numerous 3. 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(b) Full references at the end of the paper, arranged alphabetically by names, chronologically within each name, with suffixes a, b, etc. to the year for more than one paper by the same author in that year, e.g. Smith (1969a, 19695) and not Smith (1969, 1969a). For books give title in italics, edition, volume number, place of publication, publisher. For journal article give title of article, title of journal in italics (abbreviated according to the World list o, Scientific periodicals. 4th ed. London: Butterworths, 1963), series in parentheses, volume number, part number (only if independently paged) in parentheses, pagination (first and last pages of article). Examples (note capitalization and punctuation) BULLOUGH, W. S. 1960. Practical invertebrate anatomy. 2nd ed. London: Macmillan. FISCHER, P.—H. 1948. Données sur la résistance et de le vitalité des mollusques. J. Conch., Paris 88: 100-140. FISCHER, P.-H., DuvAL, M. & Rarry, A. 1933. Etudes sur les échanges respiratoires des littorines. Archs Zool. exp. gén. 74: 627-634. Koun, A. J. 1960a. Ecological notes on Conus (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the Trincomalee region of Ceylon. Ann, Mag. nat. Hist. (13) 2: 309-320. Konn, A. J. 19605. Spawning behaviour, egg masses and larval development in Conus from the Indian Ocean. Bull. Bingham oceanogr. Coll. 17 (4): 1-51. THIELE, J. 1910. Mollusca: B. Polyplacophora, Gastropoda marina, Bivalvia. In: SCHULTZE, L. Zoologische und anthropologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise im westlichen und zentralen Siid-Afrika 4: 269-270. Jena: Fischer. Denkschr. med.-naturw. Ges. Jena 16: 269-270. (continued inside back cover) ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM ANNALE VAN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE MUSEUM Volume 77 Band December 1978 Desember Part 4 Deel FS TH SSS Qr8.WI-s kk S Y AlN a ‘Quin wow CRETACEOUS FAUNAS FROM ZULULAND AND NATAL SOUTH Ar RIC >* A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF GASTROPLITINAE FROM THE MZINENE FORMATION (ALBIAN) By WILLIAM JAMES KENNEDY & HERBERT CHRISTIAN KLINGER Cape Town Kaapstad The ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM are issued in parts at irregular intervals as material becomes available Obtainable from the South African Museum, P.O. Box 61, Cape Town Die ANNALE VAN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE MUSEUM word uitgegee in dele op ongereelde tye na beskikbaarheid van stof Verkrygbaar van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum, Posbus 61, Kaapstad OUT OF PRINT/UIT DRUK 152(1=3 5-8), 32, 4-528) t= pi S35 are) 6(1, t.-p.i.), 7(1-4), 8, 9(1-2, 7), 10(1-3), 11(1-2, 5, 7, t—p.i.), 15(4-5), 24(2), 27, 31(1-3), 32(5), 33 Copyright enquiries to the South African Museum Kopieregnavrae na die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum ISBN 0 908407 59 9 Printed in South Africa by In Suid-Afrika gedruk deur The Rustica Press, Pty., Ltd., Die Rustica-pers, Edms., Bpk., Court Road, Wynberg, Cape Courtweg, Wynberg, Kaap CRETACEOUS FAUNAS FROM ZULULAND AND NATAL, SOUTH AFRICA A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF GASTROPLITINAE FROM THE MZINENE FORMATION (ALBIAN) By WILLIAM JAMES KENNEDY Geological Collections, University Museum, Oxford & HERBERT CHRISTIAN KLINGER South African Museum, Cape Town (With 7 figures) [MS. accepted 20 September 1978} ABSTRACT Alopecoceras gen. nov., type species Alopecoceras ankeritterae sp. nov., is a unique Southern hemisphere homoeomorph of the Boreal genus Neogastroplites McLearn, 1930, which occurs in the low Middle Albian Mzinene Formation (Albian III) of the Mzinene River, Zululand. Whereas Neogastroplites evolved from Gastroplites McLearn, 1930, by acquisition of umbilical and ventral nodes and is of late Albian age, A/opecoceras is believed to be derived from Hatchericeras Stanton, 1910, by a similar acquisition of nodes. The genus also shows similarities to Tetrahoplitoides Casey, 1954. CONTENTS PAGE Introductionmayss t= eee IT, Systematic Palaeontology ae aon Cres OS Acknowledgements . .... . 68 IRCferencCes@am eect eee a uereey tak OS INTRODUCTION The Mzinene Formation exposed along the Mzinene River | 200 m north- east of the farm Amatis, north of Hluhluwe, Zululand (locality 35 of Kennedy & Klinger (1975: 28), 27°58’03”S, 32°18'34’E) has yielded a series of remarkable specimens which closely resemble the exclusively boreal late Albian ammonite genus Neogastroplites McLearn, 1930 (see Reeside & Cobban 1960 for extensive illustration of the genus) in association with a fauna of low Middle Albian age in part described by the authors in previous publications (Kennedy & Klinger 1977, 1978, in press; Klinger 1976; Klinger, Wiedmann & Kennedy 1975), and including Carinophylloceras collignoni Klinger, Wiedmann & Kennedy, Ammo- noceratites (Ammonoceratites) mahadeva (Stoliczka), Anagaudryceras buddha Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 77 (4), 1978: 57-69, 7 figs. =i) 58 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM (Forbes), Protanisoceras (Rossalites) aff. superbus Collignon, Lyelliceras and Douvilleiceras species. Further study has shown that the material represents a new genus and species which is a heterochronous homoeomorph of Neogastroplites, and is described below as Alopecoceras ankeritterae sp. nov. All specimens are housed in the British Museum (Natural History) and the Geological Survey of South Africa, designated BMNH and SAS respectively. SYSTEMATIC PALAEONTOLOGY Superfamily HOPLITACEAE H. Douvillé, 1890 Family Hoplitidae H. Douvillé, 1890 Subfamily Gastroplitinae Wright, 1952 Genus Alopecoceras Kennedy & Klinger gen. noy. Type species Alopecoceras ankeritterae gen. et. sp. nov., low Middle Albian, Zululand. Derivation of name Alopex (Greek) fox. Diagnosis Initially depressed, whorl section trapezoidal with sparse conical or bullate umbilical nodes giving rise to pairs of ribs with additional ribs intercalated; all ribs bearing conical ventral tubercles and connected across the fastigiate venter by a much thickened rib. Whorl section becomes compressed and lanceolate in later growth, venter narrowly rounded and ornament reduced to low falcoid ribs with interspaces sometimes accentuated into feeble constrictions. Suture line with moderately incised bifid elements. Discussion Alopecoceras closely resembles Neogastroplites McLearn, 1930, but is of low Middle Albian age whereas that genus, a descendant of Gastroplites McLearn, 1930, is of late Albian age. Because of the great intraspecific variation in Neogastroplites (see Reeside & Cobban 1960) it is a little difficult to make overall statements of difference, but in general A/opecoceras is consistently more evolute, tubercles are lower on the flank, ribs fewer and less flexuous in juveniles, the ventral ribbing thicker and less convex. Neogastroplites typically develops a siphonal tubercle and is rostrate; neither of these features are seen in A/opecoceras, whilst the suture lines are more intricately subdivided. When adult, Neogastroplites may become smooth and very compressed (e.g. Reeside & Cobban 1960, pl. 17 (figs 17, 22), pls 18-19), but lack the CRETACEOUS FAUNAS FROM SOUTH AFRICA 59 flexuous branching ribs and feeble constrictions of Alopecoceras. Furthermore, these individuals have slender, feebly ornamented inner whorls; individuals of a similar degree of inflation to Alopecoceras ankeritterae retain strong ribs and nodes to a great size (Reeside & Cobban 1960, pl. 11 (figs 16, 20), pl. 12 (figs 11—12, 16), pl. 36 (figs 1, 5, 9-11)).: Alopecoceras can be easily separated from Gastroplites McLearn, 1930 (see Reeside & Cobban 1960 pls 8-9), for that genus does not possess umbilical bullae and is usually more involute. Lemuroceras Spath, 1942, never develop strong umbilical nodes, shoulder tubercles or a fastigiate venter (see illustrations in Collignon 1963). Arcthoplites Spath, 1925 (see illustrations in Casey 1965, text-fig. 177), and Subarcthoplites Casey, 1954, both have strong, narrow ribs, round venters and lack tubercles, as does Cymahoplites Spath, 1922. Alopecoceras shows closer similarities to Tetrahoplitoides Casey, 1954 (see Fig. 7H—J); both have a trapezoidal whorl, although, in the type species at least, the whorls are slender, the umbilical tubercles are bullate and not conical as in Alopecoceras. The venter is narrower in Tetrahoplitoides, flat rather than fastigiate, and lacks ventrolateral tubercles. Evolutionary origins Alopecoceras occupies an isolated geographic position, and its evolutionary origins are far from obvious in the remaining faunas of both the South African and Madagascar Albian. C. W. Wright has, however, called our attention to its similarities to the genus Hatchericeras Stanton, 1901. Originally described from Patagonia, this genus was referred to the Neocomitinae Spath, 1924, in the Treatise, and regarded as of possibly Lower Hauterivian age. Subsequent publication by Leanza (1970) has show it to be an early Albian gastroplitinid. During middle growth (Fig. 7A—D) it differs from Alopecoceras very obviously in the lack of umbilical nodes and in possessing numerous flexuous ribs. There are, however, blunt thickenings of the ribs—incipient tubercles—at the ventro- lateral shoulder in some species, and a broad, blunt rib crosses the venter. Adults (Leanza 1970, fig. 31a—b) are compressed, with a rounded venter, feeble flexuous ribs and striae, plus feeble constriction-like folds. The sutures (Fig. 6C) of the two genera are also constructed on the same plan, with a similar degree of incision. The authors would conclude, therefore, that Alopecoceras is an offshoot of Hatchericeras which has developed prominent umbilical nodes, accentuated the ventral tubercles present in some of the latter, and developed a fastigiate rather than flattened venter: it is a homoeomorphous Southern hemisphere analogue of Neogastroplites rather than a close relative. Occurrence Alopecoceras is known only from the low Middle Albian of Zululand. 60 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Alopecoceras ankeritterae gen. et. sp. nov. Figs 1-4, 5A—B, 6, 7E-G Holotype BMNH C81266 from locality 35, cliff and stream sections extending over several hundred metres along the Mzinene, approximately | 200 m north-east of the farm Amatis, north of Hluhluwe, Zululand, 27°58’03”S 32°18'31’E Mzinene Formation, Albian III. appt eas Fig. 1. Alopecoceras ankeritterae sp. nov. The holotype, BMNH C81266. x 1. CRETACEOUS FAUNAS FROM SOUTH AFRICA 61 Fig. 2. Alopecoceras ankeritterae sp. noy. Inner whorls of the holotype, BMNH C81266. x 1. 62 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Paratypes BMNH C81267 to C81274, SAS H54a—-b, SAS A584, all from the same horizon and locality as the holotype; SAS EM152 from locality 171, on the hill slopes west-south-west of Mlambongwenya Store, Zululand, Mzinene Formation, Albian II-III, and SAS A589 from locality 53, a derelict dam site on Indambana, south of Izwehelia Farm, north of Hluhluwe, Zululand, Mzinene Formation, Albian II. Fig. 3. Alepecoceras ankeritterae sp. nov. Body chamber of the holotype, BMNH C81266. x 1. CRETACEOUS FAUNAS FROM SOUTH AFRICA 63 2 %. 2) t Fig. 4. Alopecoceras ankeritterae sp. nov. Paratypes BMNH C81267—-C81271. A-C, E-G, I-K, P-R x 2; D, H, L-O x 1. 64 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Fig. SA-B. Whorl sections of Alopecoceras ankeritterae sp. nov. A. BMNH C81274. x 12. B. BMNH C81268. x 6. C—D. Early whorls of BMNH C81274. x 12. CRETACEOUS FAUNAS FROM SOUTH AFRICA 65 ee Fig. 6. A-B. Alopecoceras ankeritterae sp. noy. External sutures of BMNH C81268, x 12, and BMNH C81266, « 3. C. Hatchericeras semilaeve Leanza. External suture of a specimen in C. W. Wright’s collection from Santa Cruz, Argentine. x 6. 66 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM Derivation of name The species is named for Anke Ritter of Gauting. Diagnosis As for genus. Dimensions All dimensions are in millimetres. D = diameter, Wb = whorl breadth, Wh = whorl height, U = umbilical diameter, R = ribs per whorl. Figures in parentheses are dimensions expressed as a percentage of diameter. D Wb Wh Wb:Wh Gi R Holotype BMNH C81266 ~~... :137,5(100) 35(26) 61,2(45) 0,57 34,0@5) — at 97,9(100) 26,4(27) 42,8(44) 0,62 24,3(25) 32 at ee 100) 21,8(32) 30,0(45) 0,72 18,728) — SAS A584 te ee ea 19,5(47) = 18,5(44) =1,05 = =10,2(24) 21 (10 ( ( BMINEU C8267 = -.: oe 5(100) 11,846) 10,541) 1,12. ~72@s)eees SAS H54a =| =. 23,9@00) SHL046) 10/946) wIrOl 6,0(25) 26 BMNH C81268 ~~... —- 22,7(100) ~=10,4(46) 8,738) —1,19- --6:308)\ae26 Description The early developmental stages are seen in BMNH C81274. At a diameter of 3,8 mm, the juvenile shell is cadicone, the umbilicus comprising approxi- mately 30 per cent of the diameter, with a whorl breadth to height ratio of 1,4 (Fig. SC-D). Ornament consists of blunt, low, rounded umbilical nodes, which first appear at a diameter of c. 3 mm. These occur at a rate of seven per whorl up to a diameter of 6 mm, and in this interval, low, broad folds pass across the flanks and venter, although never developing into clearly delineated ribs. By 6 mm diameter, the whorl breadth to height ratio has become 1,2. From 6 mm (Fig. 4A—R) the whorl section changes from depressed and reniform to trapezoidal. The umbilicus is shallow, and the wall slopes gently outwards. The greatest breadth is at the umbilical bullae, and the whorl breadth to height ratio is commonly reduced to 1,1. In intercostal section the outer flanks are flattened, the ventrolateral shoulders broadly rounded and the venter very broadly rounded. In costal section, the flanks are concave at mid-flank and flattened on the outer flank, and the venter fastigiate. There are eight to ten prominent umbilical bullae per whorl, placed well out from the umbilical seam, and these give rise to groups of two or three broad ribs, weakened at mid-flank, where additional short ribs are intercalated, and recti- to feebly rursiradiate in some cases. All ribs bear a bullate to conical tubercle at the ventrolateral shoulder, and there are commonly twenty-five to twenty-eight ribs per whorl. The ribs pass across the venter with a faint con- vexity, broadening and diminishing in elevation over the siphonal line. CRETACEOUS FAUNAS FROM SOUTH AFRICA 67 Fig. 7. A-D. Hatchericeras semilaeve Leanza. Inner whorls of a specimen in C. W. Wright's collection from Santa Cruz, Argentina. x 1. E-G. Alopecoceras ankeritterae sp. nov. Para- type, SAS H93/3. x 1. H~-J. Tetrahopliloides stantoni (Anderson) cast of the holotype, from Texas Springs, Shasta County, California. H x 1, I-J x 2. 68 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM This general style of ornament extends to a diameter of c. 50 mm; as size increases, the whorls eventually change from depressed to compressed, the ribs coarsen, and, on the venter, become very thick (Fig. 2C). There is some variation in strength and number of ribs, bullae and whorl section at this stage, as can be seen from the figures. The features of later growth are shown by the holotype (Figs 1-3). Here, from 50 mm onwards, all ornament declines, the ribs become low, broad and flexuous, arising in pairs from the bullae, whilst the whorl becomes compressed and lanceolate in section with a narrowly rounded venter which is crossed by ribs and has, as a result, an undulose profile. On the mature body chamber (Fig. 3), coiling has become more evolute, with a low, outwards sloping, flattened umbilical wall. There is a somewhat abrupt umbilical shoulder and high, lanceolate whorls (whorl breadth to height ratio is 0,57 to 0,62) with a narrowly arched venter. Ornament consists of irregular falcoid ribs and striae, arising from feeble umbilical bullae, separated by interspaces which may be strengthened into feeble, irregular constrictions. The suture line (Fig. 6B) at maturity is moderately divided. E/L is broad and asymmetrically bifid, L broad and asymmetrically bifid. L/U, is large, although narrower than E/L, and asymmetrically bifid. U, is narrow and quite deeply divided. Discussion Features which separate Alopoceceras ankeritterae from species of other genera are fully covered in comments in the generic discussion on p. 58. Occurrence Low Middle Albian of Zululand only. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Our best thanks are due to Mr C. W. Wright for drawing our attention to the similarities between Alopecoceras and Hatchericeras, as well as providing useful discussion. We are also grateful to Dr M. R. Cooper (Oxford), Dr M. K. Howarth and Mr D. Phillips (British Museum, Natural History) and the staff of the Geological Collections, Oxford, and the South African Museum for technical assistance. REFERENCES Casey, R. 1965. A Monograph of the Ammonoidea of the Lower Greensand. Palaeontogr. Soc. (Monogr.) 6: 399-546. COLLIGNON, M. 1963. Atlas des Fossiles caractéristiques de Madagascar (Ammonites), Fasicule X (Albien). Tananarive: Service Géologique. KENNEDY, W. J. & KLINGER, H. C. 1975. Cretaceous faunas from Zululand and Natal, South Africa. Introduction, Stratigraphy. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Geol.) 25: 263-315. KENNEDY, W. J. & KLINGER, H. C. 1977. Cretaceous faunas from Zululand and Natal, South Africa. The Ammonite Family Phylloceratidae. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Geol.) 27: 347-380. CRETACEOUS FAUNAS FROM SOUTH AFRICA 69 KENNEDY, W. J. & KLINGER, H. C. 1978. Cretaceous faunas from Zululand and Natal, South Africa. The ammonite family Lytoceratidae Neumayr, 1875. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 74: 257-333. KENNEDY, W. J. & KLINGER, H. C. In press. Cretaceous faunas from Zululand and Natal, South Africa. The ammonite family Gaudryceratidae Spath, 1927. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Geol.). KuiNGER, H. C. 1976. Cretaceous heteromorph ammonites from Zululand. Mem. S. Afr geol. Sury. 69: 1-142. KLINGER, H. C., WIEDMANN, J. & KENNEDY, W. J. 1975. A new carinate phylloceratid from the early Albian (Cretaceous) of Zululand, South Africa. Palaeontology 18: 657-644. LEANZA, A. F. 1970. Ammonites nuevos 0 pocos conocidos del Aptiano, Albiano y Ceno- maniano de los Andes Australes, con notas acera de su posicion estratigraphica. Revta Assoc. geol. argent. 25: 197-261. Reesipe, J. B. & CoBBAN, W. A. 1960. Studies of the Mowry Shale (Cretaceous) and con- temporary formations in the United States and Canada. Prof. Pap. U.S. geol. Surv. 355: 1-126. 6. SYSTEMATIC papers must conform to the International code of zoological nomenclature (particularly Articles 22 and 51). Names of new taxa, combinations, synonyms, etc., when used for the first time, must be followed by the appropriate Latin (not English) abbreviation, e.g. gen. nov., sp. nov., comb. nov., Syn. nov., etc. An author’s name when cited must follow the name of the taxon without intervening punctuation and not be abbreviated; if the year is added, a comma must separate author’s name and year. The author’s name (and date, if cited) must be placed in parentheses if a species or subspecies is transferred from its original genus. The name of a subsequent user of a scientific name must be separated from the scientific name by a colon. Synonymy arrangement should be according to chronology of names, i.e. all published scientific names by which the species previously has been designated are listed in chronological order, with all references to that name following in chronological order, e.g.: Family Nuculanidae Nuculana (Lembulus) bicuspidata (Gould, 1845) Figs 14-15SA Nucula (Leda) bicuspidata Gould, 1845: 37. Leda plicifera A. Adams, 1856: 50. Laeda bicuspidata Hanley, 1859: 118, pl. 228 (fig. 73). Sowerby, 1871: pl. 2 (fig. 8a—b). Nucula largillierti Philippi, 1861: 87. Leda bicuspidata: Nicklés, 1950: 163, fig. 301; 1955: 110. Barnard, 1964: 234, figs 8-9. Note punctuation in the above example: comma separates author’s name and year semicolon separates more than one reference by the same author full stop separates references by different authors figures of plates are enclosed in parentheses to distinguish them from text-figuras dash, not comma, separates consecutive numbers Synonymy arrangement according to chronology of bibliographic references, whereby the year is placed in front of each entry, and the synonym repeated in full for each entry, is not acceptable. In describing new species, one specimen must be designated as the holotype; other speci- mens mentioned in the original description are to be designated paratypes; additional material not regarded as paratypes should be listed separately. The complete data (registration number, depository, description of specimen, locality, collector, date) of the holotype and paratypes must be recorded, e.g.: Holotype SAM-—A13535 in the South African Museum, Cape Town. Adult female from mid-tide region, King’s Beach Port Elizabeth (33°51’S 25°39’E), collected by A. Smith, 15 January 1973. Note standard form of writing South African Museum registration numbers and date. 7. SPECIAL HOUSE RULES Capital initial letters (a) The Figures, Maps and Tables of the paper when referred to in the text _ e.g. *... the Figure depicting C. namacolus...’; ‘...in C. namacolus (Fig. 10)...’ (b) The prefixes of prefixed surnames in all languages, when used in the text, if not preceded by initials or full names e.g. DuToit but A.L.du Toit; Von Huene but F. von Huene (c) Scientific names, but not their vernacular derivatives e.g. Therocephalia, but therocephalian Punctuation should be loose, omitting all not strictly necessary Reference to the author should be expressed in the third person Roman numerals should be converted to arabic, except when forming part of the title of a book or article, such as “Revision of the Crustacea. Part VIII. The Amphipoda.’ ee eae Specific name must not stand alone, but be preceded by the generic name or its abbreviation to initial capital letter, provided the same generic name is used consecutively. ; Name of new genus or species is not to be included in the title: it should be included in the abstract, counter to Recommendation 23 of the Code, to meet the requirements of Biological Abstracts. "Wenning 3 9088 01206 6643 WILLIAM JAMES KENNEDY & HERBERT CHRISTIAN KLINGER CRETACEOUS FAUNAS FROM ZULULAND AND NATAL, SOUTH AFRICA A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF GASTROPLITINAE FROM THE MZINENE FORMATION (ALBIAN)