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Cin LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN LIBRARIES NOILALILSNI NOILALILSNI ff 4 Au NOILALILSNI INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS SA3IYVYUYEIT LIBRARIES SMITHSO salyuvygin Y4y, Vif NVINOSHLINS S3AIYVYEIT LIBRARIES INSTITUTION INSTITUTION SatuyvVudll INSTITUTION INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI NVINOSH NVINOSHLINS S31u¥vudl) WY a w = ve AE z = = 4 % z 4 } SG4E 2 WX a S - > x = | = > = ; < ” : W) Poy ae ” SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3H1IY¥VuYdI SMITHSO = = cp) é : ee é ne = s S 0 S « “ZG O _ oO a O aR 5; a a Fad 7 en) res = ~SAIYVYSIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILOALILSNI_NVINOSH 2 ) => ‘ ‘ 3 \ 2 } “a aL y C \ zs j s ~ . - 5) = ok 1 > iil] Ss ay" ww >) > i] { i i = 4 + \ Zw ins iB = / } | ( ; b) H = rik oo ANNALS OF THE ANNALE VAN DIE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM SUID-AFRIKAANSE MUSEUM VOLUME 91 BAND 91 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM ANNALE VAN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE MUSEUM VOLUME 91 BAND rE iNUSPEES OF THE DIE TRUSTEES VAN DIE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM SUID-AFRIKAANSE MUSEUM CAPE TOWN KAAPSTAD 1983 : C - ; # : ; | SET, PRINTED AND BOUND IN THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA ‘ BY THE RUSTICA PRESS (PTY.) LTD., WYNBERG, CAPE : D453 wt : ” is = LIST. OF CONTENTS Page CLuVER, M. A. & KING, G. M. A reassessment of the relationships of Permian Dicynodontia (Reptilia, Therapsida) and a new classification of dicynodonts. (Published March 1983.).............. (25 Cook, P. L. see HAywarp, P. J. Hai, M. & Mack, K. The outline of an eighteenth-century economic system in south-east Africa. (Pub- hiSie GalaniiaryehO SOs) esse cr) PR yh oe ccs < eie, senh ey Re te CME RT A SNS ts 163 HaAyYwarp, P. J. & Cook, P. L. The South African Museum’s Meiring Naude cruises. Part 13. Bryozoa II. (Published INICIO SS re eaters he aa ey eae a dt 4 nrc Ra Eg NO CR er Gh 1 Kinc, G. M. see CLuver, M. A. Mack, K. see HALL, M. NEW GENERIC NAMES PROPOSED IN THIS VOLUME Dacwlosicpanday wands COOK; 1983 «2... 2. cea e wecc dae Gee ede we es eae es Sos, ’ % | 4d ay J a f S 2 “ > ee! yo 2 a ey: . on 7 = 5 Y : De & | * =E ‘ = : : 3! ; | i : ‘ ’ * 4 J cf G Ls : _ VOLUME 91 PART 1 MARCH 1983 ISSN 0303-2515 QH 1 S67X NH OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN = MUSEUM CAPE TOWN INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS 1. MATERIAL should be original and not published elsewhere, in whole or in part. 2. 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Spawning behaviour, egg masses and larval development in Conus from the Indian Ocean. Bull. Bingham oceanogr. Coll. 17 (4): 1-51. THIELE, J. 1910. Mollusca: B. Polyplacophora, Gastropoda marina, Bivalvia. In: SCHULTZE, L. Zoologische und anthropologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise im westlichen und zentralen Siid-Afrika 4: 269-270. Jena: Fischer. Denkschr. med.-naturw. Ges. Jena 16: 269-270. (continued inside back cover) ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM ANNALE VAN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE MUSEUM Volume 91 _ Band March 1983 Maart Part 1 Deel TARNSON b 8.8.8: SX yas » OVI THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM’S MEIRING NAUDE CRUISES PART 13 BRYOZOA If By P. J. HAYWARD & Pe kb. COOK Cape Town Kaapstad The ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM are issued in parts at irregular intervals as material becomes available Obtainable from the South African Museum, P.O. Box 61, Cape Town 8000 Die ANNALE VAN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE MUSEUM word uitgegee in dele op ongereelde tye na gelang van die beskikbaarheid van stof Verkrygbaar van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum, Posbus 61, Kaapstad 8000 OUT OF PRINT/UIT DRUK i, WOES, S58), HED, 45,8, tase), SCS, 5S, ED), 6G, tap), TOD), 8, VAD, 2), 1003), 11(1-2, 5, 7, t.-p.i.), 15(4-5), 24(2), 27, 31(1-3), 32(5), 33, 36(2), 45(1) EDITOR/REDAKTRISE Ione Rudner Copyright enquiries to the South African Museum Kopieregnavrae aan die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum ISBN 0 86813 044 3 Printed in South Africa by In Suid-Afrika gedruk deur The Rustica Press, Pty., Ltd., Die Rustica-pers, Edms., Bpk., Court Road, Wynberg, Cape Courtweg, Wynberg, Kaap THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM'S MEIRING NAUDE CRUISES PART 13 BRYOZOA II By P. J. HAYWARD Department of Zoology, University College of Swansea & pe les (CooK Department of Zoology, British Museum, Natural History (With 33 figures, 5 tables and 2 appendices) [MS accepted 8 June 1982| ABSTRACT The bryozoan benthos of the shallow continental shelf seas off the eastern South African coast is rich in species, and taxonomically diverse. Samples from 18 stations established by the R.V. Meiring Naude between 1977 and 1979 have yielded a total of 38 anascan Cheilostomata, 76 ascophoran Cheilostomata and 16 Cyclostomata. The majority of the species were collected in depths of less than 100 m. Forty-four new species are described in the following genera: Amphiblestrum, Copidozoum, Chaperia, Arachnopusia, Micropora, Macropora, Aspidostoma, Bugulella, Beania, Cribrilaria, Smittina, Smittoidea, Parasmittina, Escharella, Mucropetraliella, Cleidochasma, Hippoporella, Emballotheca, Fenestrulina, Gigantopora, Adeonella, Sertella, Iodictyum, Rhynchozoon, Brodiella, Turbicellepora, Hornera. Additionally, Dactylostega gen. nov. is introduced for several species within the Hiantoporidae. The South African bryozoan fauna includes a high proportion of endemic species, but also exhibits a marked faunal affinity with the Indo-West-Pacific region. The antiquity of this link is suggested by a number of similarities with the Tertiary fossil faunas of Australia and New Zealand. CONTENTS PAGE NER OCU CHO Mery ee oraci.c- A ens ua eA ae etek BAe ea 2 IETS (ROMS TNE CLES te ter, 5 2d (Oe Bae ey «eT eee ny cotied « Aen a ONS 3) Systemiaticnccount aes «acct ee tahoe ey al ee citi we ern at 6 OrdermCheilostomatay | os6ace aise soe ob) ates sore Hemme: 6 OrdenmCyclostomatay var, ne. toe eee ye oe ete hue 128 DISCUSSION x cte tw ee ards LOO Clg SO A CN MOA ae Ay h See athe aie 140 SUITAUTTTEN Sg Ree ce hast aan ee aC eee Rea EMU da cfg eed NR OO rT an es 148 PNCKNOWICUSCINEM ES ee a retinscens ec eee GL Rete e ens 149 INGORE CC Sey aN ernst Reel ala Cinna eI A eal cn bbls als Ameer: 149 PNW) TENA OM S Haare eee tay AG sh ai) frase ep eee iene eae Shaye See ene een 155) Appendix 1. Meiring Naude stations that produced Bryozoa ....... 156 Appendix 2. Indexiof speciesand) Seneral <5. as 4. - 465s esses eee 156 1 Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 91 (1), 1983: 1-161, 33 figs, 5 tables, 2 appendices 2 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM INTRODUCTION The first report on the Bryozoa collected by the South African Museum’s Meiring Naude cruises (Hayward & Cook 1979) described a fauna of 51 species from a series of stations on the outer continental shelf and the continental slope of eastern South Africa. These stations ranged in depth from 376 to 1300 m, with most of them being deeper than 500 m. A preponderance of the species was shown to comprise specialized forms adapted to life on fine-grained, unstable sediments, although a number of species were more characteristic of hard-ground benthos and were considered to have been collected at the lower limits of their bathymetric ranges. A remarkable pro- portion of the fauna, 23 species, was new to science and, of the remainder, 14 were new records for South Africa. The present report describes the bryozoan material collected during the Meiring Naude cruises of 1977, 1978, and 1979, together with an additional sample from the 1976 cruise, and provides a useful supplement to the first survey in supplying data for the inner shelf areas of the same region. Thus, of the 18 samples studied here, 8 were collected in depths of less than 100 m, 1 was collected at 150-200 m, and 6 at less than 700 m. The samples contained abundant bryozoan material and, in contrast to the first collection, which included many widely distributed deep-sea species, were expected to provide a clearer picture of the indigenous South African fauna. These expectations were exceeded when study of the collections revealed 130 species, including an astonishing total of 44 new species, many of which seem to be endemic to this area of the south-western Indian Ocean. It is now apparent that the bryozoan fauna of South Africa comprises a rich and taxonomically diverse assemblage of species, and that the few previous studies on this region (see Day et al. 1970) have failed to reveal more than a fraction of its potential complexity. The bottom sediments at a number of the stations studied here included a substantial fraction of bryozoan remains. These fragments included numerous unrecognized species of Cheilostomata and Cyclostomata that could be neither identified with any of the species described here nor adequately characterized from the material available. This report, therefore, cannot be regarded as a complete survey of the shallow component of the South African bryozoan benthos. Further collections will, without doubt, produce a yet greater range of undescribed or poorly known species and genera. Many of the previously described species reported here for the first time from South African waters are known to be widely distributed in the Indo-West-Pacific region. Several of the new species have systematic affinities with Tertiary fossil forms of Australia and New Zealand. The potential of further research in this region for marine zoogeographical theory seems exciting. THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM’S MEIRING NAUDE CRUISES 8 LIST OF SPECIES The present collections comprised 130 species of Bryozoa: 38 anascan Cheilostomata, 76 ascophoran Cheilostomata and 16 Cyclostomata. Cteno- stomata were not found. In Tables 1-3 the species are listed in systematic order and their occurrence at each of the eighteen stations is given. The stations are arranged in order of increasing depth and the notation distinguishes between live and dead records. Co-ordinates and depths for each of the stations studied are given in Appendix 1. Data for all stations have been published by Louw (1977, 1980). TABLE 1 Anascan Cheilostomata. The species are listed in systematic order, stations in order of increasing depth. New species are indicated by an asterisk (*). X =represented by living colonies. + = dead colonies only. 100 m 500m 700m Depth station 179 180 184 163 163/ 164 185 230) 2504234 233 232 162 103 1234131 129 151 164 Carbasea mediocris Kor aX x Cupuladria multispinata vo oD it tT Discoporella umbellata Xia On Gt; t T + t Setosellina roulei + t + Heliodoma implicata < Ee iP PG x x it *Adeonella confusanea x fin x x *Adeonella conspicua x “Adeonella distincta x *Adeonella infirmata x *Adeonella abdita XM EX eK EX *Adeonella gibba x + Aas Ae, eS ; res R eathey ans RS = ‘ : fe oe Set Say on en ae b ‘ sy nae 3k ae aa we * i _e : : 3 é ee Pd bt ok ta py ? < Sige ee oF chy : ‘ eee a , ee : ; tn" + Pre ae ay ‘ 4a A , wee. Sea . Py Ca, . 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